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diff --git a/old/13736-8.txt b/old/13736-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8804ae7 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/13736-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2375 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 39. Saturday, July 27, +1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 39. Saturday, July 27, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: October 13, 2004 [EBook #13736] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 39. *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team and The Internet Library of Early Journals + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 39.] SATURDAY, JULY 27, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {129} + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- + Etymology of "Whitsuntide" and "Mass." 129 + Folk Lore:--Sympathetic Cures--Cure for Ague--Eating + Snakes a Charm for growing young. 130 + Long Meg of Westminster, by E.F. Rimbault. 131 + A Note on Spelling,--"Sanatory," "Connection." 131 + Minor Notes:--Pasquinade on Leo XII.--Shakspeare + a Brass-rubber--California--Mayor of Misrule and + Masters of the Pastimes--Roland and Oliver. 131 + +QUERIES:-- + The Story of the Three Men and their Bag of Money. 132 + The Geometrical Foot, by A. De Morgan. 133 + Minor Queries:--Plurima Gemma--Emmote de Hastings--Boozy + Grass--Gradely--Hats worn by Females--Queries + respecting Feltham's Works--Eikon + Basilice--"Welcome the coming, speed the parting + Guest"--Carpets and Room-paper--Cotton of Finchley--Wood + Carving in Snow Hill--Walrond Family--Translations--Bonny + Dundee--Graham of Claverhouse--Franz von Sickingen--Blackguard--Meaning + of "Pension"--Stars and Stripes of the American + Arms--Passages from Shakspeare--Nursery Rhyme--"George" + worn by Charles I.--Family of Manning + of Norfolk--Salingen a Sword Cutler--Billingsgate--"Speak + the Tongue that Shakspeare spoke"--Genealogical + Queries--Parson, the Staffordshire Giant--Unicorn + in the Royal Arms--The Frog and the Crow of + Ennow--"She ne'er with treacherous Kiss," &c. 133 + +REPLIES:-- + A treatise on Equivocation. 136 + Further Notes on the Derivation of the Word "News." 137 + "News," "Noise," and "Parliament." 138 + Shakpeare's Use of the Word "Delighted" by Rev. Dr. + Kennedy and J.O. Halliwell. 139 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Execution of Charles I.--Sir + T. Herbert's Memoir of Charles I.--Simon of + Ghent--Chevalier de Cailly--Collar of Esses--Hell + paved with good Intentions--The Plant "Hæmony"--Practice + of Scalping among the Scythians--Scandinavian + Mythology--Cromwell's Estates--Magor--"Incidis + in Scyllam"--Dies Iræ--Fabulous Account + of the Lion--Caxton's Printing-Office. 140 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, Sales, &c. 142 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 143 + Answers to Correspondents. 143 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +ETYMOLOGY OF "WHITSUNTIDE" AND "MASS". + +Perhaps the following Note and Query on the much-disputed origin of the +word _Whitsunday_, as used in our Liturgy, may find a place in your +Journal. None of the etymologies of this word at present in vogue is at +all satisfactory. They are-- + +I. _White Sunday_: and this, either-- + +1. From the garments of _white linen_, in which those who were at that +season admitted to the rite of holy baptism were clothed; (as typical of +the spiritual purity therein obtained:) or,-- + +2. From the glorious light of heaven, sent down from the father of +Lights on the day of Pentecost: and "those vast diffusions of light and +knowledge, which were then shed upon the Apostles, in order to the +enlightening of the world." (Wheatley.) Or,-- + +3. From the custom of the rich bestowing on this day all the milk of +their kine, then called _white meat_, on the poor. (Wheatley, from +Gerard Langbain.) + +II. _Huict Sunday_: from the French, _huit_, eight; i.e. the eighth +Sunday from Easter. (L'Estrange, _Alliance Div. Off._) + +III. There are others who see that neither of these explanations can +stand; because the ancient mode of spelling the word was not +_Whit_-sunday, but _Wit_-sonday (as in Wickliff), or _Wite_-sonday +(which is as old as _Robert of Gloucester_, c. A.D. 1270). Hence,-- + +1. Versteran's explanation:--That it is _Wied_ Sunday, _i.e. Sacred_ +Sunday (from Saxon, _wied_, or _wihed_, a word I do not find in +Bosworth's _A.-S. Dict._; but so written in Brady's _Clovis Calendaria_, +as below). But why should this day be distinguished as sacred beyond all +other Sundays in the year? + +2. In _Clavis Calendaria_, by John Brady (2 vols. 8vo. 1815), I find, +vol. i. p. 378., "Other authorities contend," he does not say who those +authorities are, "that the original name of this season of the year was +_Wittentide_; or the time of choosing the _wits_, or wise men, to the +_Wittenagemote_." + +Now this last, though evidently an etymology inadequate to the +importance of the festival, appears to me to furnish the right clue. The +day of Pentecost was the day of the outpouring of the Divine Wisdom and +Knowledge on the Apostles; the day on which was given to them that HOLY +SPIRIT, by which was "revealed" to them "_The wisdom of God_ ... even +the _hidden wisdom_, which GOD ordained before the world." 1 Cor. ii. +7.[1] It was the day on which was fulfilled the promise {139} made to +them by CHRIST that "The Comforter, which is the HOLY GHOST, whom the +Father will send in my name, he shall _teach you all things_, and bring +all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you." John, +xiv. 26. When "He, the Spirit of Truth, came, who should _guide_ them +_into all truth_." John xvi. 13. And the consequence of this "unction +from the Holy One" was, that they "knew all things," and "needed not +that any man should teach them." 1 John, ii. 20. 27. + +_Whit-sonday_ was, therefore, the day on which the Apostles were endued +by God with _wisdom_ and knowledge: and my Query is, whether the root of +the word may not be found in the Anglo-Saxon verb,-- + +_Witan_, to know, understand (whence our _wit_, in its old meaning of +good sense, or cleverness and the expression "having one's _wits_ about +one," &c.); or else, perhaps, from-- + +_Wisian_, to instruct, show, inform; (Ger. _weisen_). Not being an +Anglo-Saxon scholar, I am unable of myself to trace the formation of the +word _witson_ from either of these roots: and I should feel greatly +obliged to any of your correspondents who might be able and willing to +inform me, whether that form is deduceable from either of the above +verbs; and if so, what sense it would bear in our present language. I am +convinced, that _wisdom day_, or _teaching day_, would afford a very far +better reason for the name now applied to Pentecost, than any of the +reasons commonly given. I should observe, that I think it incorrect to +say Whit-Sunday. It should be Whitsun (Witesone) Day. If it is Whit +Sunday, why do we say Easter Day, and not Easter Sunday? Why do we say +Whitsun-Tide? Why does our Prayer Book say Monday and Tuesday in +Whitsun-week (just as before, Monday and Tuesday in Easter-week)? And +why do the lower classes, whose "vulgarisms" are, in nine cases out of +ten, more correct than our refinements, still talk about Whitsun Monday +and Whitsun Tuesday, where the more polite say, Whit Monday and Tuesday? + +Query II. As I am upon etymologies, let me ask, may not the word _Mass_, +used for the Lord's Supper--which Baronius derives from the Hebrew +_missach_, an oblation, and which is commonly derived from the "missa +missorum"--be nothing more nor less than _mess_ (_mes_, old French), the +meal, the repast, the supper? We have it still lingering in the phrase, +"an officers' mess;" i.e. a meal taken in common at the same table; and +so, "to mess together," "messmate," and so on. Compare the Moeso-Gothic +_mats_, food: and _maz_, which Bosworth says (_A.-S. Dic._ sub voc. +_Mete_) is used for bread, food, in Otfrid's poetical paraphrase of the +Gospels, in Alemannic or High German, published by Graff, Konigsberg, +1831. + +H.T.G. + +Clapton. + + [Footnote 1: The places in the New Testament, where Divine + Wisdom and Knowledge are referred to the outpouring of God's + Spirit, are numberless. Cf. Acts, vi. 3., 1 Cor. xii. 8., Eph. + i. 8, 9., Col. i. 9., &c. &c.] + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Sympathetic Cures._--Possibly the following excerpt may enable some of +your readers and Folklore collectors to testify to the yet lingering +existence, in localities still unvisited by the "iron horse," of a +superstition similar to the one referred to below. I transcribe it from +a curious, though not very rare volume in duodecimo, entitled _Choice +and Experimental Receipts in Physick and Chirurgery, as also Cordial and +Distilled Waters and Spirits, Perfumes, and other Curiosities_. +Collected by the Honourable and truly learned Sir Kenelm Digby, Kt., +Chancellour to Her Majesty the Queen Mother. London: Printed for H. +Brome, at the Star in Little Britain, 1668. + + "_A Sympathetic Cure for the Tooth-ach._--With an iron nail + raise and cut the gum from about the teeth till it bleed, and + that some of the blood stick upon the nail, then drive it into a + wooden beam up to the head; after this is done you never shall + have the toothach in all your life." The author naively adds + "But whether the man used any spell, or said any words while he + drove the nail, I know not; only I saw done all that is said + above. This is used by severall certain persons." + +Amongst other "choice and experimental receipts" and "curiosities" which +in this little tome are recommended for the cure of some of the "ills +which flesh is heir to," one directs the patient to + + "Take two parts of the moss growing on the skull of a dead man + (pulled as small as you can with the fingers)." + +Another enlarges on the virtue of + + "A little bag containing some powder of toads calcined, so that + the bag lay always upon the pit of the stomach next the skin, + and presently it took away all pain as long as it hung there but + if you left off the bag the pain returned. A bag continueth in + force but a month after so long time you must wear a fresh one." + +This, he says, a "person of credit" told him. + +HENRY CAMPKIN. + +Reform Club, June 21. 1850. + + +_Cure for Ague._--One of my parishioners, suffering from ague, was +advised to catch a large spider and shut him up in a box. As he pines +away, the disease is supposed to wear itself out. + +B. + +L---- Rectory, Somerset, July 8. 1850. + + +_Eating Snakes a Charm for growing young._--I send you the following +illustrations of this curious receipt for growing young. Perhaps some of +your correspondents will furnish me with some others, and some +additional light on the subject. Fuller says,-- + + "A gentlewoman told an ancient batchelour, who looked _very + young_, that she thought _he had eaten a snake_: 'No, mistris,' + (said he), 'it is because I never {131} meddled with any snakes + which maketh me look so young.'"--_Holy State_, 1642, p. 36. + + He hath left off o' late to _feed on snakes_; + His beard's turned white again. + + _Massinger, Old Law_, Act v. Sc. 1. + + "He is your loving brother, sir, and will tell nobody + But all he meets, that you have eat a _snake_, + And are grown young, gamesome, and rampant." + + _Ibid, Elder Brother_, Act iv. Sc. 4. + +JARLTZBERG. + + * * * * * + +LONG MEG OF WESTMINSTER. + +Mr. Cunningham, in his _Handbook of London_ (2nd edition, p. 540.), has +the following passage, under the head of "Westminster Abbey:" + + "_Observe._--Effigies in south cloister of several of the early + abbots; large blue stone, uninscribed, (south cloister), marking + the grave of Long Meg of Westminster, a noted virago of the + reign of Henry VIII." + +This amazon is often alluded to by our old writers. Her life was printed +in 1582; and she was the heroine of a play noticed in Henslowe's +_Diary_, under the date February 14, 1594. She also figured in a ballad +entered on the Stationers' books in that year. In _Holland's Leaguer_, +1632, mention is made of a house kept by Long Meg in Southwark:-- + + "It was out of the citie, yet in the view of the citie, only + divided by a delicate river: there was many handsome buildings, + and many hearty neighbours, yet at the first foundation it was + renowned for nothing so much as for the memory of that famous + amazon _Longa Margarita_, who had there for many yeeres kept a + famous _infamous_ house of open hospitality." + +According to Vaughan's _Golden Grove_, 1608,-- + + "Long Meg of Westminster kept alwaies twenty courtizans in her + house, whom, by their pictures, she sold to all commers." + +From these extracts the occupation of Long Meg may be readily guessed +at. Is it then likely that such a detestable character would have been +buried amongst "goodly friars" and "holy abbots" in the cloisters of our +venerable abbey? I think not: but I leave considerable doubts as to +whether Meg was a real personage.--Query. Is she not akin to Tom Thumb, +Jack the Giant-killer, Doctor Rat, and a host of others of the same +type? + +The stone in question is, I know, on account of its great size, jokingly +called "Long Meg, of Westminster" by the vulgar; but no one, surely, +before Mr. Cunningham, ever _seriously_ supposed it to be her +burying-place. Henry Keefe, in his _Monumenta Westmonasteriensa_, 1682, +gives the following account of this monument:-- + + "That large and stately plain black marble stone (which is + vulgarly known by the name of _Long Meg of Westminster_) on the + north side of _Laurentius_ the abbot, was placed there for + _Gervasius de Blois_, another abbot of this monastery, who was + base son to King Stephen, and by him placed as a monk here, and + afterwards made abbot, who died _anno_ 1160, and was buried + under this stone, having this distich formerly thereon: + + "_De regnum genere pater hic Gervasius ecce + Monstrat defunctus, mors rapit omne genus_." + +Felix Summerly, in his _Handbook for Westminster Abbey_, p. 29., +noticing the cloisters and the effigies of the abbots, says,-- + + "Towards this end there lies a large slab of blue marble, which + is called 'Long Meg' of Westminster. Though it is inscribed to + Gervasius de Blois, abbot, 1160 natural son of King Stephen, he + is said to have been buried under a small stone, and tradition + assigns 'Long Meg' as the gravestone of twenty-six monks, who + were carried off by the plague in 1349, and buried together in + one grave." + +The tradition here recorded may be correct. At any rate, it carries with +it more plausibility than that recorded by Mr. Cunningham. + +EDWARD F. RIMIBAULT. + + [Some additional and curious allusions to this probably mythic + virago are recorded in Mr. Halliwell's _Descriptive Notices of + Popular English Histories_, printed for the Percy Society.] + + * * * * * + +A NOTE ON SPELLING.--"SANATORY," "CONNECTION." + +I trust that "NOTES AND QUERIES" may, among many other benefits, improve +spelling by example as well as precept. Let me make a note on two words +that I find in No. 37.: _sanatory_, p. 99., and _connection_, p. 98. + +Why "_sanatory_ laws?" _Sanare_ is _to cure_, and a curing-place is, if +you like, properly called _sanatorium_. But the Latin for _health_ is +_sanitas_, and the laws which relate to health should be called +_sanitary_. + +Analogy leads us to _connexion_, not _connection_; _plecto_, _plexus_, +_complexion_; _flecto_, _flexus_, _inflexion_; _necto_, _nexus_, +_connexion_, &c.; while the termination _ction_ belongs to words derived +from Latin verbs whose passive participles end in _ctus_ as _lego_, +_lectus_, _collection_; _injecio_, _injectus_, _injection_; _seco_, +_sectus_, _section_, &c. + +CH. + + * * * * * + +Minor Notes. + +_Pasquinade on Leo XII._--The Query put to a Pope (Vol. ii., p. 104.), +which it is difficult to believe could be put orally, reminds me of Pope +Leo XII., who was reported, whether truly or not, to have been the +reverse of scrupulous in the earlier part of his life, but was +remarkably strict after he became Pope, and was much disliked at Rome, +perhaps because, by his maintenance of strict discipline, he abridged +the amusements and questionable indulgences of the people. On account of +his death, {132} which took place just before the time of the carnival +in 1829, the usual festivities were omitted, which gave occasion to the +following pasquinade, which was much, though privately, circulated-- + + "Tre cose mat fecesti, O Padre santo: + Accettar il papato, + Viver tanto, + Morir di Carnivale + Per destar pianto." + +J. Mn. + + +_Shakspeare a Brass-rubber._--I am desirous to notice, if no commentator +has forestalled me, that Shakspeare, among his many accomplishments, was +sufficiently beyond his age to be a brass-rubber: + + "What's on this tomb + I cannot read; the character I'll take with _wax_." + +_Timon of Athens_, v. 4. + +From the "soft impression," however, alluded to in the next scene, his +"wax" appears rather to have been the forerunner of _gutta percha_ than +of _heel-ball_. + +T.S. LAWRENCE. + + +_California._--In the _Voyage round the World_, by Captain George +Shelvocke, begun Feb. 1719, he says of California (_Harris's +Collection_, vol. i. p. 233.):-- + + "The soil about Puerto, Seguro, and very likely in most of the + valleys, is a rich black mould, which, as you turn it fresh up + to the sun, appears as if intermingled with gold dust; some of + which we endeavoured to purify and wash from the dirt; but + though we were a little prejudiced against the thoughts that it + could be possible that this metal should be so promiscuously and + universally mingled with common earth, yet we endeavoured to + cleanse and wash the earth from some of it; and the more we did + the more it appeared like gold. In order to be further satisfied + I brought away some of it, which we lost in our confusion in + China." + +How an accident prevented the discovery, more than a century back, of +the golden harvest now gathering in California! + +E.N.W. + +Southwark. + + +_Mayor of Misrule and Masters of the Pastimes._--the word _Maior_ of +Misrule appears in the Harl. MSS. 2129. as having been on glass in the +year 1591, in Denbigh Church. + + "5 Edw. VI., a gentleman (Geo. Ferrars), lawyer, poet, and + historian, appointed by the Council, and being of better calling + than commonly his predecessors, received his commission by the + name of 'Master of the King's Pastimes.'"--_Strutt's Sports and + Pastimes_, 340. + + "1578. Edward Baygine, cursitor, clerk for writing and passing + the Queen's leases, 'Comptroller of the Queen's pastimes and + revels,' clerk comptroller of her tents and pavilions, + commissioner of sewers, burgess in Parliament."--Gwillim, + _Heraldry_, 1724 edit. + +A.C. + + +_Roland and Oliver_.--Canciani says there is a figure in the church +porch at Verona which, from being in the same place with _Roland_, and +manifestly of the same age, he supposes may be _Oliver_, armed with a +spiked ball fastened by a chain to a staff of about three feet in +length. _Who are Roland and Oliver_? There is the following derivation +of the saying "a Roland for your Oliver," without any reference or +authority attached, in my note-book:-- + + "--Charlemagne, in his expedition against the Saracens, was + accompanied by two '_steeds_,' some writers say 'pages,' named + Roland and Oliver, who were so excellent and so equally matched, + that the equality became proverbial--'I'll give you a Roland for + your Oliver' being, the same as the vulgar saying, 'I'll give + you tit for tat,' i.e. 'I'll give you the same (whether in a + good or bad sense) as you give me.'" + +JARLTZBERG. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES + +THE STORY OF THE THREE MEN AND THEIR BAG OF MONEY. + +Lord Campbell, in his _Lives of the Chancellors_, relates, in connection +with Queen Elizabeth's Lord Keeper Ellesmere, a very common story, of +which I am surprised he did not at once discern the falsehood. It is +that of a widow, who having a sum of money entrusted to her by three +men, which she was on no account to return except to the joint demand of +the three, is afterwards artfully persuaded by one of them to give it up +to him. Being afterwards sued by the other two, she is successfully +defended by a young lawyer, who puts in the plea that she is not bound +to give up the money at the demand of _only_ two of the parties. In this +case this ingenious gentleman is the future chancellor. The story is +told of the Attorney-General Noy, and of an Italian advocate, in the +notes to Rogers' _Italy_. It is likewise the subject of one of the +smaller tales in Lane's _Arabian Nights_; but here I must remark, that +the Eastern version is decidedly more ingenious than the later ones, +inasmuch as it exculpates the keeper of the deposit from the "laches" of +which in the other cases she was decidedly guilty. Three men enter a +bath, and entrust their bag of money to the keeper with the usual +conditions. While bathing, one feigns to go to ask for a comb (if I +remember right), but in reality demands the money. The keeper properly +refuses, when he calls out to his companions within, "He won't give it +me." They unwittingly respond, "Give it him," and he accordingly walks +off with the money. I think your readers will agree with me that the +tale has suffered considerably in its progress westward. + +My object in troubling you with this, is to ask {133} whether any of +your subscribers can furnish me with any other versions of this popular +story, either Oriental or otherwise. + +BRACKLEY. + +Putney, July 17. + + * * * * * + +THE GEOMETRICAL FOOT. + +In several different places I have discussed the existence and length of +what the mathematicians of the sixteenth century _used_, and those of +the seventeenth _talked about_, under the name of the _geometrical +foot_, of four palms and sixteen digits. (See the _Philosophical +Magazine_ from December 1841 to May 1842; the _Penny Cyclopædia_, +"Weights and Measures," pp. 197, 198; and _Arthmetical Books_, &c, pp. +5-9.) Various works give a figured length of this foot, whole, or in +halves, according as the page will permit; usually making it (before the +shrinking of the paper is allowed for) a very little less than 9-3/4 +inches English. The works in which I have as yet found it are Reisch, +_Margarita Philosophica_, 1508; Stöffler's _Elucidatio Astrolabii_, +1524; Fernel's _Monolosphærium_, 1526; Köbel, _Astrolabii Declaratio_, +1552; Ramus, _Geometricæ_, 1621. Query. In what other works of the +sixteenth, or early in the seventeenth century is this foot of palms and +digits to be found, figured in length? What are their titles? What the +several lengths of the foot, half foot, or palm, within the twentieth of +an inch? Are the divisions into palms or digits given; and, if so, are +they accurate subdivisions? Of the six names above mentioned, the three +who are by far the best known are Stöffler, Fernel, and Ramus; and it so +happens that their subdivisions are _much_ more correct than those of +the other three, and their whole lengths more accordant. + +A. DE. MORGAN. + + * * * * * + +Minor Queries + +_Plurima Gemma._--Who is the author of the couplet which seems to be a +version of Gray's + + "Full many a gem of purest ray serene," &c.? + + "Plurima gemma latet cæca tellure sepulta, + Plurima neglecto fragrat odore rosa." + +S.W.S. + + +_Emmote de Hastings._-- + +"EMMOTE DE HASTINGS GIST ICI" &C. + +A very early slab with the above inscription was found in 1826 on the +site of a demolished transept of Bitton Church, Gloucester. By its side +was laid an incised slab of ---- De Bitton. Both are noticed in the +_Archæologia_, vols. xxii. and xxxi. + +Hitherto, after diligent search, no notice whatever has been discovered +of the said person. The supposition is that she was either a Miss De +Bitton married to a Hastings, or the widow of a Hastings married +secondly to a De Bitton, and therefore buried with that family, in the +twelfth or thirteenth century. If any antiquarian digger should discover +any mention of the lady, a communication to that effect will be +thankfully received by + +H.T. ELLACOMBE. + +Bitton. + + +_Boozy Grass._--What is the derivation of "boozy grass," which an +outgoing tenant claims for his cattle? Johnson has, "Boose, a stall for +a cow or ox (Saxon)." + +A.C. + + +_Gradely._--What is the meaning, origin, and usage of this word? I +remember once hearing it used in Yorkshire by a man, who, speaking of a +neighbour recently dead, said in a tone which implied esteem: "Aye, he +was a very _gradely_ fellow." + +A.W.H. + + +_Hats worn by Females._--Were not the hats worn by the _females_, as +represented on the Myddelton Brass, peculiar to Wales? An engraving is +given in Pennant's _Tour_, 2 vols., where also may be seen the hat worn +by Sir John Wynne, about 1500, apparently similar to that on the Bacon +Monument, and to that worn by Bankes. A MS. copy of a similar one (made +in 1635, and then called "very auntient") may be seen in the Harleian +MS. No. 1971. (_Rosindale Pedigree_), though apparently not older than +Elizabeth's time. With a coat of arms it was "wrought in backside +work"--the meaning of which is doubtful. What is that of the motto, +"Oderpi du pariver?" + +A.C. + + +_Feltham's Works, Queries respecting._-- + + "He that is courtly or gentle, is among them _like_ a merlin + after Michaelmas in the field with crows."--_A Brief Character + of the Low Countries_, by Owen Feltham. Folio, London, 1661. + +What is the meaning of this proverb? + +As a confirmation of the opinion of some of your correspondents, that +monosyllables give force and nature to language, the same author says, +page 59., of the Dutch tongue,-- + + "Stevin of Bruges reckons up 2170 monosillables, which being + compounded, how richly do they grace a tongue." + +Will any of your correspondents kindly inform me of the titles of Owen +Feltham's works. I have his _Resolves_, and a thin folio volume, 1661, +printed for Anne Seile, 102 pages, containing _Lusoria, or Occasional +Pieces; A Brief Character of the Low Countries_; and some _Letters_. Are +these all he wrote? The poem mentioned by Mr. Kersley, beginning-- + + "When, dearest, I but think of thee," + +is printed among those in the volume I have, with the same remark, that +it had been printed as Sir John Suckling's. + +E.N.W. {134} + + +_Eikon Basilice._-- + +"[Greek: EIKON BASILIKAE], or, _The True Pourtraiture of His Sacred +Majestæ Charles the II_. In Three Books. Beginning from his Birth, 1630, +unto this present year, 1660: wherein is interwoven a compleat History +of the High-born Dukes of _York_ and _Glocester_. By R.F., Esq., an +eye-witness. + + "Quo nihil majus meliusve terris + Fata donavere, borique divi + Nee dabunt, quamvis redeant in aurum + Tempora priscum." + + _Horat_. + + "[Greek: Otan tin' Euraes Eupathounta ton kakon + ginske touton to telei taeroumenon]." + + _G. Naz Carm_. + + "----more than conqueror." + +"London, printed for H. Brome and H. March, at the Gun, in Ivy Lane, and +at the Princes' Arms, in Chancery Lane, neer Fleet Street, 1660." + +The cover has "C.R." under a crown. What is the history of this volume. +Is it scarce, or worth nothing? + +A.C. + + + "_Welcome the coming, speed the parting Guest?_" + +--Whence comes the sentence-- + + "Welcome the coming, speed the parting guest?" + +E.N.W. + + +_Carpets and Room-paper._--Carpets were in Edward III.'s reign used in +the palace. What is the exact date of their introduction? When did they +come into general use, and when were rushes, &c., last used? Room-paper, +when was it introduced? + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Cotton of Finchley._--Can some one of your readers give me any +particulars concerning the family of Cotton, which was settled at +Finchley, Middlesex, about the middle of the sixteenth century? + +C.F. + + +_Wood Carving in Snow Hill._--Can any one explain the wood carving over +the door of a house at the corner of Snow Hill and Skinner Street. It is +worth rescuing from the ruin impending it. + +A.C. + + +_Walrond Family._--Can any of your readers inform me what was the maiden +name of _Grace_, the wife of Col. Humphry Walrond, of Sea, in the county +of Somerset, a distinguished loyalist, some time Lieutenant-Governor of +Bridgewater, and Governor of the island of Barbadoes in 1660. She was +living in 1635 and 1668. Also the names of his _ten_ children, or, at +all events, his three youngest. I have reason to believe the seven elder +were George, Humphry, Henry, John, Thomas, Bridget, and Grace. + +W. DOWNING BRUCE. + + +_Translations._--What English translations have appeared of the famous +_Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_? + +Has _La Chiave del Gabinetto del Signor Borri_ (by Joseph Francis Borri, +the Rosicrucian) ever been translated into English? I make the same +Query as to _Le Compte de Gabalis_, which the Abbé de Rillan founded on +Borri's work? + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Bonny Dundee--Graham of Claverhouse._--Can any of your correspondents +tell me the origin of the term "Bonny Dundee?" Does it refer to the fair +and flourishing town at the mouth of the Tay, or to the remarkable John +Graham of Claverhouse, who was created Viscount of Dundee, after the +landing of the Prince of Orange in England, and whose person is admitted +to have been eminently beautiful, whatever disputes may exist as to his +character and conduct? + +2. Can reference be made to the date of his birth, or, in other words, +to his age when he was killed at Killycrankie, on the 27th of July, +1689. All the biographies which I have seem are silent upon the point. + +W.L.M. + + +_Franz von Sickingen._--Perusing a few of your back numbers, in a reply +of S.W.S. to R.G. (Vol. i., p. 336.), I read: + + "I had long sought for a representation of Sickingen, and at + length found a medal represented in the _Sylloge Numismatum + Elegantiorum of Luckius_," &c. + +I now hope that in S.W.S. I have found the man who is to solve an +obstinate doubt that has long possessed my mind: Is the figure of the +knight in Durer's well-known print of "The Knight, Death, and the +Devil," a portrait? If it be a portrait, is it a portrait of Franz von +Sickingen, as Kugler supposes? The print is said to bear the date 1513. +I have it, but have failed to discover any date at all. + +H.J.H. + +Sheffield. + + +_Blackguard._--When did this word Come into use, and from what? + +Beaumont and Fletcher, in the _Elder Brother_, use it thus:-- + + "It is a Faith + That we will die in, since from the _blackguard_ + To the grim sir in office, there are few + Hold other tenets." + +Thomas Hobbes, in his _Microcosmus_, says,-- + + "Since my lady's decay I am degraded from a cook and I fear the + devil himself will entertain me but for one of his _blackguard_, + and he shall be sure to have his roast burnt." + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Meaning of "Pension."_--The following announcement appeared lately in +the London newspapers:-- + + "GRAY'S INN.--At a _Pension_ of the Hon. Society of Gray's Inn, + holden this day, Henry Wm. Vincent, Esq., her Majesty's + Remembrancer in the Court of Exchequer, was called to the degree + of Barrister at Law." {135} + +I have inquired of one of the oldest benchers of Gray's Inn, now +resident in the city from which I write, for an explanation of the +origin or meaning of the phrase "pension," neither of which was he +acquainted with; informing me at the same time that the Query had often +been a subject discussed among the learned on the dais, but that no +definite solution had been elicited. + +Had the celebrated etymologist and antiquary, Mr. Ritson, formerly a +member of the Society, been living, he might have solved the difficulty. +But I have little doubt that there are many of the erudite, and, I am +delighted to find, willing readers of your valuable publication who will +be able to furnish a solution. + +J.M.G. + +Worcester. + + +_Stars and Stripes of the American Arms._--What is the origin of the +American arms, viz. stars and stripes? + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Passages from Shakspeare._--May I beg for an interpretation of the two +following passages from Shakspeare:-- + + "_Isab._ Else let my brother die, + If not a feodary, but only he, + Owe, and succeed thy weakness." + + _Measure for Measure,_ Act ii. Sc. 4. + + "_Imogen._ Some jay of Italy, + Whose mother was her painting, hath betrayed him." + + _Cymbeline_, Act iii. Sc. 4. + +TREBOR. + +King's College, London. + + +_Nursery Rhyme._--What is the date of the nursery rhyme:-- + + "Come when you're called, + Do what you're bid, + Shut the door after you, + Never be chid?"--Ed. 1754. + +In Howell's _Letters_ (book i. sect. v. letter 18. p. 211. ed. 1754) I +find-- + + He will come when you call him, go when you bid him, and shut + the door after him. + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + + +_"George" worn by Charles I._--I should be glad if any of your +correspondents could give me information as to who is the present +possessor of the "George" worn by Charles I. It was, I believe, in the +possession of the late Marquis Wellesley, but since his death it has +been lost sight of. Such a relic must be interesting to either +antiquaries or royalists. + +SPERANS. + + +_Family of Manning of Norfolk._--Can any of your readers supply me with +an extract from, or the name of a work on heraldry or genealogy, +containing an account of the family of _Manning_ of _Norfolk_. Such a +work was seen by a relative of mine about fifty years since. It related +that a Count Manning, of Manning in Saxony, having been banished from +thence, became king in Friesland, and that his descendants came over to +England, and settled in Kent and _Norfolk_. Pedigrees of the Kentish +branch exist: but that of Norfolk was distinct. Guillim refers to some +of the name in Friesland. + +T.S. LAWRENCE. + + +_Salingen a Sword Cutler._--A sword in my possession, with inlaid basket +guard, perhaps of the early part of the seventeenth century, is +inscribed on the blade "Salingen me fecit." If this is the name of a +sword cutler, who was he, and when and where did he live? + +T.S. LAWRENCE. + + +_Billingsgate._--May I again solicit a reference to any _early_ drawing +of Belins gate? That of 1543 kindly referred by C.S. was already in my +possession. I am also obliged to Vox for his Note. + +W.W. + + +_"Speak the Tongue that Shakspeare spoke."_--Can you inform me of the +author's name who says,-- + + "They speak the tongue that Shakspeare spoke, + The faith and morals hold that Milton held," &c.? + +and was it applied to the early settlers of New England? + +X. + + +_Genealogical Queries._--Can any of your genealogical readers oblige me +with replies to the following Queries? + +1. To what family do the following arms belong? They are given in +Blomfield's _Norfolk_ (ix. 413.) as impaled with the coat of William +Donne, Esq., of Letheringsett, Norfolk, on his tomb in the church there. +He died in 1684. + + On a chevron engrailed, two lioncels rampant, between as many + crescents. + +Not having seen the stone, I cannot say whether Blomfield has blazoned +it correctly; but it seems possible he may have _meant_ to say,-- + + On a chevron engrailed, between two crescents, as many lioncels + rampant. + +2. _Which_ Sir Philip Courtenay, of Powderham, was the father of +Margaret Courtenay, who, in the fifteenth century, married Sir Robert +Carey, Knt.? and who was her mother? + +3. Where can I find a pedigree of the family of Robertson of _Muirtown_, +said to be descended from _John_, second son of Alexander Robertson, of +_Strowan_, by his second wife, Lady Elizabeth Stewart, daughter of John, +Earl of Athol, brother of King James II.? which John is omitted in the +pedigree of the Strowan family, in Burke's _Landed Gentry_. + +C.R.M. + + +_Parson, the Staffordshire Giant._--Harwood, in a note to his edition of +Erdeswick's _Staffordshire_, p. 289., says,-- + + "This place [Westbromwich] gave birth to _William_ Parsons, + [query Walter,] the gigantic porter of King {136} James I., + _whose picture was at Whitehall_; and a bas-relief of him, with + Jeffry Hudson the dwarf, was fixed in the front of a house near + the end of a bagnio court, Newgate-street, probably as a sign." + +Plot, in his _Natural History of Staffordshire_, gives some instances of +the great strength of Parsons. + +I shall feel much obliged if you or your readers will inform me, 1. +Whether there is any mention of Parsons in contemporary, or other works? +2. Whether the portrait is in existence? if so, where? Has it been +engraved? + +C.H.B. + +Westbromwich. + + +_Unicorn in the Royal Arms._--When and why was the fabulous animal +called the unicorn first used as a supporter for the royal arms of +England? + +E.C. + + +_The Frog and the Crow of Ennow._--I should be glad to get an answer to +the following Query from some one of your readers:--I remember some few +old lines of a song I used to hear sung many years ago, and wish to +learn anything as regards its date, authorship,--indeed, any +particulars, and where I shall be likely to find it at length. What I +remember is,-- + + "There was a little frog, lived in the river swim-o, + And there was an old crow lived in the wood of Ennow, + Come on shore, come on shore, said the crow to the frog again-o; + Thank you, sir, thank you, sir, said the frog to the crow of Ennow, + + ... + + But there is sweet music under yonder green willow, + And there are the dancers, the dancers, in yellow." + +M. + + +"_She ne'er with treacherous Kiss_."--Can any of your readers inform me +where the following lines are to be found? + + "She ne'er with treacherous kiss her Saviour stung, + Nor e'er denied Him with unholy tongue; + She, when Apostles shrank, could danger brave-- + Last at His cross, and earliest at His grave!" + +C.A.H. + + +"_Incidit in Scyllam_" (Vol. ii., p. 85.).-- + + "Incidit in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim; + Sie morbum fugiens, incidit in medicos." + +Has any of your readers met with, or heard of the second short line, +appendant and appurtenant to the first? I think it was Lord Grenville +who quoted them as found somewhere together. + +FORTUNATUS DWARRIS. + + +_Nicholas Brigham's Works._--Nicholas Brigham, who erected the costly +tomb in Poets' Corner to the memory of Geoffrey Chaucer (which it is now +proposed to repair by a subscription of five shillings from the admirers +of the poet), is said to have written, besides certain miscellaneous +poems, _Memoirs by way of Diary_, in twelve Books; and a treatise _De +Venationibus Rerum Memorabilium_. Can any of the readers of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" state whether any of these, the titles of which are certainly +calculated to excite our curiosity, are known to be in existence, and, +if so, where? It is presumed that they have never been printed. + +PHILO-CHAUCER. + + +_Ciric-Sceat, or Church-scot._--Can any of your readers explain the +following passage from Canute's Letter to the Archbishops, &c. of +England, A.D. 1031. (_Wilkins Conc._ t. i. p. 298):-- + + "Et in festivitate Sancti Martini primitæ seminum ad ecclesiam, + sub cujus parochia quisque degit, quæ Anglice _Cure scet_ + nominatur." + +J.B. + + [If our correspondent refers to the glossary in the second vol. + of Mr. Thorpe's admirable edition of the _Anglo-Saxon Laws_, + which he edited for the Record Commission under the title of + _Ancient Laws and Institutes of England_, he will find s.v. + "_Ciric-Sceat--Primitiæ Seminum_ church-scot or shot, an + ecclesiastical due payable on the day of St. Martin, consisting + chiefly of corn;" a satisfactory answer to his Query, and a + reference to this very passage from Canute.] + + +_Welsh Language._--Perhaps some of your correspondents would favour me +with a list of the best books treating on the Welsh literature and +language; specifying the best grammar and dictionary. + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Armenian Language._--This copious and widely-circulated language is +known to but few in this country. If this meets the eye of one who is +acquainted with it, will he kindly direct me whither I may find notices +of it and its literature? Father Aucher's _Grammar, Armenian and +English_ (Venice, 1819), is rather meagre in its details. I have heard +it stated, I know not on what authority, that Lord Byron composed the +English part of this grammar. This grammar contains the two Apocryphal +Epistles found in the Armenian Bible, of the Corinthians to St. Paul, +and St. Paul to the Corinthians. Like the Greek and German, "the +different modes of producing compound epithets and words are the +treasure and ornament of the Armenian language; a thousand varieties of +compounded words may be made in this tongue," p. 10. I believe we have +no other grammar of this language in English. + +JARLTZBERG + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES + +A TREATISE ON EQUIVOCATION. + +My attention has recently been drawn to the inquiry of J.M. (Vol. i., p. +260.) respecting the work bearing this name. He inquires, "Was the book +ever extant in MS. or print? What is its size, date, and extent?" These +questions may in part be answered by the following extracts from +Parsons's _Treatise tending to Mitigation_, 1607, to {137} which J.M. +refers as containing, "perhaps, all the substance of the Roman +equivocation," &c. It appears from these extracts that the treatise was +circulated in MS.; that it consisted of ten chapters, and was on eight +or nine sheets of paper. If Parsons' statements are true, he, who was +then at Douay, or elsewhere out of England, had not seen it till three +years after it was referred to publicly by Sir E. Coke, in 1604. Should +the description aid in discovering the tract in any library, it may in +answering J.M.'s second Query, "Is it now extant, and where?" + +(Cap. i. § iii. p. 440.):-- + + "To hasten then to the matter, I am first to admonish the + reader, that whereas this minister doth take upon him to confute + a certain Catholicke manuscript Treatise, made in defence of + Equivocation, and intercepted (as it seemeth) by them, I could + never yet come to the sight therof, and therfore must admit," + &c. + +And (p 44):-- + + "This Catholicke Treatise, which I have hope to see ere it be + long, and if it come in time, I may chance by some appendix, to + give you more notice of the particulars." + +In the conclusion (cap. xiii. §ix. p. 553.):-- + + "And now at this very instant having written hitherto, cometh to + my handes the Catholicke Treatise itselfe of _Equivocation_ + before meneyoned," &c.... "Albeit the whole Treatise itselfe be + not large, nor conteyneth above 8 or 9 sheetes of written + paper." + +And (§ xi. p. 554.):-- + + "Of ten chapters he omitteth three without mention." + +I.B. + + * * * * * + +FURTHER NOTES ON THE DERIVATION OF THE WORD "NEWS." + +I have too much respect for the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" to +consider it necessary to point out _seriatim_ the false conclusions +arrived at by MR. HICKSON, at page 81. + +The origin of "news" may now be safely left to itself, one thing at +least being certain--that the original purpose of introducing the +subject, that of disproving its alleged derivation from the points of +the compass, is fully attained. No person has come forward to defend +_that_ derivation, and therefore I hope that the credit of expunging +such a fallacy from books of reference will hereafter be due to "NOTES +AND QUERIES". + +I cannot avoid, however, calling Mr. Hickson's attention to one or two +of the most glaring of his _non-sequiturs_. + +I quoted the Cardinal of York to show that in his day the word "newes" +was considered plural. MR. HICKSON quotes _me_ to show that in the +present day it is used in the singular; therefore, he thinks that the +Cardinal of York was wrong: but he must pardon me if I still consider +the Cardinal an unexceptional authority as to the usage of his own time. + +MR. HICKSON asserts that "odds" is not an English word; he classifies it +as belonging to a language known by the term "slang," of which he +declares his utter disuse. And he thinks that when used at all, the word +is but an ellipsis for "_odd chances_." This was not the opinion of the +great English lexicographer, who describes the word as-- + + "Odds; a noun substantive, from the adjective odd." + +and he defines its meaning as "inequality," or incommensurateness. He +cites many examples of its use in its various significations, with any +of which MR. HICKSON's substitution would play strange pranks; here is +one from Milton:-- + + "I chiefly who enjoy + So far the happier lot, enjoying thee + Pre-eminent by so much odds." + +Then with respect to "noise," MR. HICKSON scouts the idea of its being +the same word with the French "noise." Here again he is at odds with +Doctor Johnson, although I doubt very much that he has the odds of him. +MR. HICKSON rejects altogether the _quasi_ mode of derivation, nor will +he allow that the same word may (even in different languages) deviate +from its original meaning. But, most unfortunately for MR. HICKSON, the +obsolete French signification of "noise" was precisely the present +English one! A French writer thus refers to it:-- + + "A une époque plus reculée ce mot avait un sens différent: il + signifiait _bruit, cries de joie_, &c. Joinville dit dans son + _Histoire de Louis IX_.,--'La noise que ils (les Sarrazins) + menoient de leurs cors sarrazinnoiz estoit espouvantable à + escouter.' Les Anglais nous ont emprunté cette expression et + l'emploient _dans sa première acception_." + +MR. HICKSON also lays great stress upon the absence, in English, of "the +new" as a singular of "the news." In the French, however, "_la +nouvelle_" is common enough in the exact sense of news. Will he allow +nothing for the caprice of idiom? + +A.E.B. + +Leeds, July 8. 1850. + + +_News, Noise_ (Vol. ii., p. 82.).--I think it will be found that MR. +HICKSON is misinformed as to the fact of the employment of the Norman +French word _noise_, in the French sense, in England. + +_Noyse_, _noixe_, _noas_, or _noase_, (for I have met with each form), +meant then quarrel, dispute, or, as a school-boy would say, a row. It +was derived from _noxia_. Several authorities agree in these points. In +the _Histoire de Foulques Fitz-warin_, Fouque asks "Quei fust _la noyse_ +qe fust devaunt le roi en la sale?" which with regard to the context can +only be fairly translated by "What is going on in {138} the King's +hall?" For his respondent recounts to him the history of a quarrel, +concerning which messengers had just arrived with a challenge. + +Whether the Norman word _noas_ acquired in time a wider range of +signification, and became the English _news_, I cannot say but stranger +changes have occurred. Under our Norman kings _bacons_ signified dried +wood, and _hosebaunde_ a husbandman, then a term of contempt. + +B.W. + + * * * * * + +"NEWS," "NOISE," AND "PARLIAMENT." + +1. _News._--I regret that MR. HICKSON perseveres in his extravagant +notion about _news_, and that the learning and ingenuity which your +correspondent P.C.S.S., I have no doubt justly, gives him credit for, +should be so unworthily employed. + +Does MR. HICKSON really "very much doubt whether our word _news_ +contains the idea of _new_ at all?" What then has it got to do with +_neues_? + +Does MR. HICKSON'S mind, "in its ordinary mechanical action," really +think that the entry of "old newes, or stale newes" in an old dictionary +is any proof of _news_ having nothing to do with _new_? Does he then +separate _health_ from _heal_ and _hale_, because we speak of "bad +health" and "ill health"? + +Will MR. HICKSON explain why _news_ may not be treated as an elliptical +expression for _new things_, as well as _greens_ for _green vegetables_, +and _odds_ for _odd chances_? + +When MR. HICKSON says _dogmaticè_, "For the adoption of words we have no +rule, and we act just as our convenience or necessity dictates; but in +their formation we _must strictly_ conform to the laws we find +established,"--does he deliberately mean to say that there are no +exceptions and anomalies in the formation of language, except +importations of foreign words? If he means this, I should like to hear +some reasons for this wonderful simplification of grammar. + +Why may not "convenience or necessity" sometimes lead us to swerve from +the ordinary rules of the formulation of language, as well as to import +words bodily, and, according to MR. HICKSON'S views of the origin of +_news_, without reference to context, meaning, part of speech, or +anything else? + +Why may we not have the liberty of forming a plural noun _news_ from the +adjective _new_, though we have never used the singular _new_ as a noun, +when the French have indulged themselves with the plural noun of +adjective formation, _les nouvelles_, without feeling themselves +compelled to make _une nouvelle_ a part of their language? + +Why may we not form a plural noun _news_ from _new_, to express the same +idea which in Latin is expressed by _nova_, and in French by _les +nouvelles_? + +Why may not goods be a plural noun formed from the adjective _good_, +exactly as the Romans formed _bona_ and the Germans have formed _Güter_? + +Why does MR. HICKSON compel us to treat goods as singular, and make us +go back to the Gothic? Does he say that _die Güter_, the German for +_goods_ or _possessions_, is singular? Why too must riches be singular, +and be the French word _richesse_ imported into our language? Why may we +not have a plural noun _riches_, as the Romans had _divitæ_, and the +Germans have _die Reichthumer_? and what if _riches_ be irregularly +formed from the adjective _rich_? Are there, MR. HICKSON, no +irregularities in the formation of a language? Is this really so? + +If "from convenience or necessity" words are and may be imported from +foreign languages bodily into our own, why might not our forefathers, +feeling the convenience or necessity of having words corresponding to +_bona_, _nova_, _divitiæ_, have formed _goods_, _news_, _riches_, from +_good_, _new_, _rich_? + +_News_ must be singular, says MR. HICKSON; but _means_ "is beyond all +dispute plural," for Shakspeare talks of "a mean:" with _news_, however, +there is the slight difficulty of the absence of the noun _new_ to start +from. Why is the absence of the singular an insuperable difficulty in +the way of the formation of a plural noun from an adjective, any more +than of plural nouns otherwise formed, which have no singulars, as +_clothes_, _measles_, _alms_, &c. What says MR. HICKSON of these words? +Are they all singular nouns and imported from other languages? for he +admits no other irregularity in the formation of a language. + +2. _Noise._--I agree with MR. HICKSON that the old derivations of +_noise_ are unsatisfactory, but I continue to think his monstrous. I +fear we cannot decide in your columns which of us has the right German +pronunciation of _neues_; and I am sorry to find that you, Mr. Editor, +are with MR. HICKSON in giving to the German _eu_ the exact sound of +_oi_ in _noise_. I remain unconvinced, and shall continue to pronounce +the _eu_ with less fullness than _oi_ in _noise_. However, this is a +small matter, and I am quite content with MR. HICKSON to waive it. The +derivation appears to me nonsensical, and I cannot but think would +appear so to any one who was not bitten by a fancy. + +I do not profess, as I said before, to give the root of _noise_. But it +is probably the same as of _noisome_, _annoy,_ the French _nuire_, Latin +_nocere_, which brings us again to _noxa_; and the French word _noise_ +has probably the same root, though its specific meaning is different +from that of our word _noise_. Without venturing to assert it +dogmatically, I should expect the now usual meaning of _noise_ to be its +primary meaning, viz. "a loud sound" or "disturbance;" and this accords +with my notion of its alliances. The French word _bruit_ has both the +meanings of our word _noise_; and _to bruit_ and _to noise_ are with us +interchangeable terms. The French _bruit_ also has the sense of _a +disturbance_ more definitely than our word _noise_. "Il y a du bruit" +means "There is a row." {139} I mention _bruit_ and its meanings merely +as a parallel case to _noise_, if it be, as I think, that "a loud sound" +is its primary, and "a rumour" its secondary meaning. + +I have no doubt there are many instances, and old ones, among our poets, +and prose writers too, of the use of the noun _annoy_. I only remember +at present Mr. Wordsworth's-- + + "There, at Blencatharn's rugged feet, + Sir Lancelot gave a safe retreat + To noble Clifford; from annoy + Concealed the persecuted boy." + +3. _Parliament._--FRANCISCUS's etymology of Parliament (Vol. ii., p. +85.) is, I think, fit companion for MR. HICKSON's derivations of _news_ +and _noise_. I take FRANCISCUS for a wag: but lest others of your +readers may think him serious, and be seduced into a foolish explanation +of the word _Parliament_ by his joke, I hope you will allow me to +mention that _palam mente_, literally translated, means _before the +mind_, and that, if FRANCISCUS or any one else tries to get "freedom of +thought or deliberation" out of this, or to get Parliament out of it, or +even to get sense out of it, he will only follow the fortune which +FRANCISCUS says has befallen all his predecessors, and stumble _in +limine_. The presence of _r_, and the turning of _mens_ into _mentum_, +are minor difficulties. If FRANCISCUS be not a wag, he is perhaps an +anti-ballot man, bent on finding an argument against the ballot in the +etymology of _Parliament_: but whatever he be, I trust your readers +generally will remain content with the old though humble explanation of +_parliament_, that it is a modern Latinisation of the French word +_parlement_, and that it literally means a talk-shop, and has nothing to +do with open or secret voting, though it be doubtless true that Roman +judges voted _clam vel palam_, and that _palam_ and _mens_ are two Latin +words. + +C.H. + + * * * * * + +SHAKSPEARE'S USE OF THE WORD "DELIGHTED." + +"_Delighted_" (Vol. ii., p. 113.).--I incline to think that the word +_delighted_ in Shakspeare represents the Latin participle _delectus_ +(from _deligere_), "select, choice, exquisite, refined." This sense will +suit all the passages cited by MR. HICKSON, and particularly the last. +If this be so, the suggested derivations from the adjective _light_, and +from the substantive _light_, fall to the ground: but MR. HICKSON will +have been right in distinguishing Shakspeare's _delighted_ from the +participle of the usual verb _to delight, delectare_=gratify. The roots +of the two are distinct: that of the former being _leg-ere_ "to choose;" +of the latter, _lac-ere_ "to tice." + +B.H. KENNEDY. + + +_Meaning of the Word "Delighted."_--I am not the only one of your +readers who have read with deep interest the important contributions of +MR. HICKSON, and who hope for further remarks on Shakspearian +difficulties from the same pen. His papers on the _Taming of the Shrew_ +were of special value; and although I do not quite agree with all he has +said on the subject, there can be no doubt of the great utility of +permitting the discussion of questions of the kind in such able hands. + +Perhaps you would kindly allow me to say thus much; for the remembrance +of the papers just alluded to renders a necessary protest against that +gentleman's observations on the meaning of the word _delighted_ somewhat +gentler. I happen to be one of the unfortunates (a circumstance unknown +to MR. HICKSON, for the work in which my remarks on the passage are +contained is not yet published) who have indulged in what he terms the +"cool impertinence" of explaining _delighted_, in the celebrated passage +in _Measure for Measure_, by "delightful, sweet, pleasant;" and the +explanation appears to me to be so obviously correct, that I am +surprised beyond measure at the terms he applies to those who have +adopted it. + +But MR. HICKSON says,-- + + "I pass by the nonsense that the greatest master of the English + language did not heed the distinction between the past and the + present participles, as not worth second thought." + +I trust I am not trespassing on courtesy when I express a fear that a +sentence like this exhibits the writer's entire want of acquaintance +with the grammatical system employed by the great poet and the writers +of his age. We must not judge Shakspeare's grammar by Cobbett or Murray, +but by the vernacular language of his own times. It is perfectly well +known that Shakspeare constantly uses the passive for the active +participle, in the same manner that he uses the present tense for the +passive participle, and commits numerous other offences against correct +grammar, judging by the modern standard. If MR. HICKSON will read the +first folio, he will find that the "greatest master of the English +language" uses plural nouns for singular, the plural substantive with +the singular verb, and the singular substantive with the plural verb. In +fact, so numerous are these instances, modern editors have been +continually compelled to alter the original merely in deference to the +ears of modern readers. They have not altered _delighted_ to +_delightful_; but the meaning is beyond a doubt. "Example is better than +precept," and perhaps, if MR. HICKSON will have the kindness to consult +the following passages with attention, he may be inclined to arrive at +the conclusion, it is not so very dark an offence to assert that +Shakspeare did use the passive participle for the active; not in +ignorance, but because it was an ordinary practice in the literary +compositions of his age. + + "To your _professed_ bosoms I commit him." + + _King Lear_, Act i. Sc. 1. {140} + + "I met the youthful lord at Laurence' cell, + And gave him what _becomed_ love I might. + Not stepping o'er the bounds of modesty." + + _Romeo and Juliet_, Act iv. Sc. 3. + + "Thus ornament is but the _guiled_ shore + To a most dangerous sea." + + _Merchant of Venice_, Act iii. Sc. 2. + + "Then, in despite of _brooded_ watchful day, + I would into thy bosom pour my thoughts." + + _King John_, Act iii. Sc. 3. + + "And careful hours, with time's _deformed_ hand, + Have written strange defeatures in my face." + + _Comedy of Errors_, Act v. Sc. 1. + +In all these passages, as well as in that in _Measure for Measure_, the +simple remark, that the poet employed a common grammatical variation, is +all that is required for a complete explanation. + +J.O. HALLIWELL. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Execution of Charles I.--Sir T. Herbert's "Memoir of Charles I_." (Vol. +ii. pp., 72. 110.).--Is P.S.W.E. aware that Mr. Hunter gives a +tradition, in his _History of Hallamshire_, that a certain William +Walker, who died in 1700, and to whose memory there was an inscribed +brass plate in the parish church of Sheffield, was the executioner of +Charles I.? The man obtained this reputation from having retired from +political life at the Restoration, to his native village, Darnall, near +Sheffield, where he is said to have made death-bed disclosures, avowing +that he beheaded the King. The tradition has been supported, perhaps +suggested, by the name of Walker having occurred during the trials of +some of the regicides, as that of the real executioner. + +Can any one tell me whether a narrative of the last days of Charles I., +and of his conduct on the scaffold, by Sir Thomas Herbert, has ever been +published in full? It is often quoted and referred to (see "NOTES AND +QUERIES," Vol. i., p. 436.), but the owner of the MS., with whom I am +well acquainted, informs me that it has never been submitted to +publication, but that some extracts have been secretly obtained. In what +book are these printed? The same house which contains Herbert's MS. (a +former owner of it married Herbert's widow), holds also the stool on +which King Charles knelt at his execution, the shirt in which he slept +the night before, and other precious relics of the same unfortunate +personage. + +ALFRED GATTY. + +Ecclesfield, July 11. 1850. + + +_Execution of Charles I._ (Vol. ii., p 72.).--In Ellis's _Letters +illustrative of English History_ Second Series, vol. iii. p. 340-41., +P.S.W.E. will find the answer to his inquiry. Absolute certainty is +perhaps unattainable on the subject; but no mention occurs of the Earl +of Stair, nor is it probable that any one of patrician rank would be +retained as the operator on such an occasion. We need hardly question +that Richard Brandon was the executioner. Will P.S.W.E. give his +authority for the "report" to which he refers? + +MATFELONENSIS. + + +_Simon of Ghent_ (Vol. ii., p. 56.).--"Simon Gandavensis, patria +Londinensis, sed patre Flandro Gandavensi natus, a. 1297. Episcopus +Sarisburiensis."--Fabric. _Bibl. Med. et Infint. Latin._, lib. xviii. p. +532. + +_Chevalier de Cailly_ (Vol. ii., p. 101.)--Mr. De St. Croix will find an +account of the Chevalier Jacque de Cailly, who died in 1673, in the +_Biographie Universelle_; or a more complete one in Goujet +(_Bibliothèque Françoise_, t. xvii. p. 320.). + +S.W.S. + + +_Collar of Esses_ (Vol. ii., pp. 89. 110.).--The question of B. has been +already partly answered in an obliging manner by [Greek: ph]., who has +referred to my papers on the Collar of Esses and other Collars of +Livery, published a few years ago in the _Gentleman's Magazine_. Permit +me to add that I have such large additional collections on the same +subject that the whole will be sufficient to form a small volume, and I +intend to arrange them in that shape. As a direct answer to B.'s +question--"Is there any list extant of persons who were honoured with +that badge?" I may reply, No. Persons were not, in fact, "honoured with +the badge," in the sense that persons are now decorated with stars, +crosses, or medals; but the livery collar was _assumed_ by parties +holding a certain position. So far as can be ascertained, these were +either knights attached to the royal household or service, who wore gold +or gilt collars, or esquires in the like position, who wore silver +collars. I have made collections for a list of such pictures, effigies, +and sepulchral brasses as exhibit livery collars, and shall be thankful +for further communications. To [Greek: ph].'s question--"Who are the +persons _now_ privileged to wear these collars?" I believe the reply +must be confined to--the judges, the Lord Mayor of London, the Lord +Mayor of Dublin, the kings, and heralds of arms. If any other officers +of the royal household still wear the collar of Esses, I shall be glad +to be informed. + +JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS. + + [To the list of persons now privileged to wear such collars + given by Mr. Nichols, must be added the Serjeants of Arms, of + whose creation by investiture with the Collar of Esses, Pegge + has preserved so curious an account in the Fifth Part of his + _Curialia_.] + + +_Hell paved with good Intentions_ (Vol. ii., p. 86.).--The history of +the phrase which Sir Walter Scott attributed "to a stern old divine," +and which J.M.G. moralises upon, and asserts to be a misquotation for +"the _road_ to hell," &c., is this:--Boswell, {141} in his _Life of +Johnson_ (_sub_ 15th April, 1775), says that Johnson, in allusion to the +unhappy failure of pious resolves, said to an acquaintance, "Sir, hell +is paved with good intentions." Upon which Malone adds a note: + + "This is a proverbial saying. 'Hell,' says Herbert, 'is full of + good meanings and wishings.'--_Jacula Prudentum_, p. 11. ed. + 1631." + +but he does not say where else the proverbial saying is to be found. The +last editor, Croker, adds,-- + + "Johnson's phrase has become so proverbial, that it may seem + rather late to ask what it means--why '_paved_?' perhaps as + making the _road_ easy, _facilis descensus Averni_." + +C. + + +_The Plant "Hæmony"_ (Vol. ii., p. 88.).--I think MR. BASHAM, who asks +for a reference to the plant "hæmony", referred to by Milton in his +_Comus_, will find the information which he seeks in the following +extract from Henry Lyte's translation of Rembert Dodoen's _Herbal_, at +page 107, of the edition of 1578. The plant is certainly not called by +the name of "hæmony," nor is it described as having prickles on its +leaves; but they are plentifully shown in the engraving which +accompanies the description. + + "_Allysson._--The stem of this herbe is right and straight, + parting itself at the top into three or foure small branches. + The leaves be first round, and after long whitish and _rough_, + or somewhat woolly in handling. It bringeth foorth at the top of + the branches little _yellow_ floures, and afterward small rough + whitish and flat huskes, and almost round fashioned like + bucklers, wherein is contained a flat seede almost like to the + seed of castell or stocke gilloflers, but greater. + + "Alysson, as Dioscorides writeth, groweth upon rough mountaynes, + and is not found in this countrey but in the gardens of some + herboristes. + + "The same hanged in the house, or at the gate or entry, keepeth + man and beast from _enchantments and witching_." + +K.P.D.E. + + +As a "Note" to DR. BASHAM'S "Query", I would quote Ovid's _Metamorph._, +lib vii. l. 264-5.: + + "Illic Hæmoniá radices valle resectas. + Seminaque, et flores, et succos incoquit acres." + +T.A. + + +_Practice of Scalping amongst the Scythians--Scandinavian +Mythology._--In Vol. ii., p. 12., I desired to be informed whether this +practice has prevailed amongst any people besides the American Indians. +As you have established no rule against an inquirer's replying to his +own Query, (though, unfortunately for other inquirers, self-imposed by +some of your correspondents) I shall avail myself of your permission, +and refer those who are interested in the subject to Herodotus, +_Melpomene 64_, where they will find that the practice of scalping +prevailed amongst the Scythians. This coincidence of manners serves +greatly to corroborate the hypothesis that America was peopled +originally from the northern parts of the old continent. He has recorded +also their horrid custom of drinking the blood of their enemies, and +making drinking vessels of their skulls, reminding us of the war-song of +the savage of Louisiana:-- + + "I shall devour their (my enemies') hearts, dry their flesh, + drink their blood; I shall tear off their scalps, and make cups + of their skulls." (Bossu's _Travels_.) "Those," says this + traveller through Louisiana, "who think the Tartars have chiefly + furnished America with inhabitants, seem to have hit the true + opinion; you cannot believe how great the resemblance of the + Indian manners is to those of the ancient Scythians; it is found + in their religious ceremonies, their customs, and in their food. + Hornius is full of characteristics that may satisfy your + curiosity in this respect, and I desire you to read him."--Vol. + i. p. 400. + +But the subject of the "Origines Americanæ" is not what I now beg to +propose for consideration; it is the tradition-falsifying assertion of +Mr. Grenville Pigott, in his _Manual of Scandinavian Mythology_ (as +quoted by D'Israeli in the _Amenities of English Literature_, vol. i. p. +51, 52.), that the custom with which the Scandinavians were long +reproached, of drinking out of the skulls of their enemies, has no other +foundation than a blunder of Olaus Wormius, who, translating a passage +in the death-song of Regner Lodbrog,-- + + "Soon shall we drink out of the curved trees of the head," + +turned the trees of the head into a skull, and the skull into a hollow +cup; whilst the Scald merely alluded to the branching horns, growing as +trees from the heads of aninals, that is, the curved horns which formed +their drinking cups. + +T.J. + + +_Cromwell's Estates.--Magor_ (Vol. ii., p. 126.).--I have at length +procured the following information respecting _Magor_. It is a parish in +the lower division of the hundred of Caldicot, Monmouthshire. Its +church, which is dedicated to St. Mary, is in the patronage of the Duke +of Beaufort. + +SELEUCUS. + +_"Incidis in Scyllam," &c._ (Vol. ii., p. 85.).--MR. C. FORBES says he +"should be sorry this fine old proverb should be passed over with no +better notice than seems to have been assigned to it in Boswell's +_Johnson_," and then he quotes some account of it from the _Gentleman's +Magazine_. I beg leave to apprise MR. FORBES that there is no notice +whatsoever of it in Boswell's _Johnson_, though it is introduced (_inter +alia_) in a note of _Mr. Malone's_ in the later editions of Boswell; but +that note contains in substance all that MR. FORBES'S communication +repeats. See the later {142} editions of Boswell, under the date of 30th +March, 1783. + +C. + + +_Dies Iræ_ (Vol. ii., p. 72. 105.).--Will you allow me to enter my +protest against the terms "extremely beautiful and magnificent," applied +by your respectable correspondents to the _Dies Iræ_, which, I confess, +I think not deserving any such praise either for its poetry or its +piety. The first triplet is the best, though I am not sure that even the +merit of that be not its _jingle_, in which King David and the Sybil are +strangely enough brought together to testify of the day of judgment. +Some of the triplets appear to me very poor, and hardly above macaronic +Latin. + +C. + + +_Fabulous Account of the Lion._--Many thanks to J. EASTWOOD (Vol. i., p. +472.) for his pertinent reply to my Query. The anecdote he refers to is +mentioned in the _Archæological Journal_, vol. i. 1845, p. 174., in a +review of the French work _Vitraux Peints de S. Etienne de Bourges_, &c. +No reference is given there; but I should fancy Philippe de Thaun gives +the fable. + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Caxton's Printing-office_ (Vol. ii., p. 122.).--The abbot of +Westminster who allowed William Caxton to set up his press in the +almonry within the abbey of Westminster, was probably John Esteney, who +became abbot in the year 1475, and died in 1498. If the date mentioned +by Stow for the introduction of printing into England by Caxton, viz. +1471, could be shown to be that in which he commenced his printing at +Westminster, Abbot Milling (who resigned the abbacy for the bishopric of +Hereford in 1475) would claim the honour of having been his first +patron: but the earliest ascertained date for his printing at +Westminster is 1477. In the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for April, 1846, I +made this remark: + + "There can, we think, be no doubt that the device used by + Caxton, and afterwards by Wynkyn de Worde, (W. 4.7 C.) was + intended for the figures 74, (though Dibdin, p. cxxvii, seems + incredulous in the matter), and that its allusion was to the + year 1474 which may very probably have been that in which his + press was set up in Westminster." + +Will the Editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES" now allow me to modify this +suggestion? The figures "4" and "7" are interlaced, it is true, but the +"4" decidedly precedes the other figure, and is followed by a point (.). +I thinly it not improbable that this cypher, therefore, is so far +enigmatic, that the figure "4" may stand for _fourteen hundred_ (the +century), and that the "7" is intended to read doubled, as +_seventy-seven_. In that case, the device, and such historical evidence +as we possess, combine in assigning the year 1477 for the time of the +erection of Caxton's press at Westminster, in the time of Abbot Esteney. +If _The Game and Play of the Chesse_ was printed at Westminster, it +would still be 1474. In the paragraph quoted by ARUN (Vol. ii., p. 122.) +from Mr. C. Knight's _Life of Caxton_, Stow is surely incorrectly +charged with naming Abbot Islip in this matter. Islip's name has been +introduced by the error of some subsequent writer; and this is perhaps +attributable to the extraordinary inadvertence of Dart, the historian of +the abbey, who in his _Lives of the Abbots of Westminster_ has +altogether omitted Esteney,--a circumstance which may have misled any +one hastily consulting his book. + +JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +_The Fawkes's of York in the Sixteenth Century, including Notices of the +Early History of Guye Fawkes, the Gunpowder Plot Conspirator_, is the +title of a small volume written, it is understood, by a well-known and +accomplished antiquary resident in that city. The author has brought +together his facts in an agreeable manner, and deserves the rare credit +of being content to produce a work commensurate with the extent and +interest of his subject. + +We learn from our able and well-informed contemporary, _The Athenæum_ +that "one curious fact has already arisen out of the proposal for the +restoration of Chaucer's Monument,--which invests with a deeper interest +the present undertaking. One of the objections formerly urged against +taking steps to restore the perishing memorial of the Father of English +Poetry in Poets' Corner was, that it was not really his tomb, but a +monument erected to do honour to his memory a century and a half after +his death. An examination, however, of the tomb itself by competent +authorities has proved this objection to be unfounded:--inasmuch as +there can exist no doubt, we hear, from the difference of workmanship, +material, &c., that the altar tomb is the original tomb of Geoffrey +Chaucer,--and that instead of Nicholas Brigham having erected an +entirely new monument, he only added to that which then existed the +overhanging canopy, &c. So that the sympathy of Chaucer's admirers is +now invited to the restoration of what till now was really not known to +exist--_the original tomb_ of the Poet,--as well as to the additions +made to it by the affectionate remembrance of Nicholas Brigham." + +Messrs. Ward and Co., of Belfast, announce the publication, to +subscribers only, of a new work in Chromo-Lithography, containing five +elaborately tinted plates printed in gold, silver, and colours, being +exact fac-similes of an _Ancient Irish Ecclesiastical Bell_, which is +supposed to have belonged to Saint Patrick and the four sides of the +jewelled shrine in which it is preserved, accompanied by a historical +and descriptive Essay by the Rev. William Reeves, D.D., M.R.I.A. By an +Irish inscription on the back of the case or shrine of the bell, which +Doctor Reeves has translated, he clearly proves that the case or shrine +was made in the end of the eleventh century, and that the bell itself is +several hundred years older; and also that it has {143} been in the +hands of the Mulhollands since the time the case or shrine was made; +that they bore the same name, and are frequently mentioned as custodians +of this bell in the "_Annals of the Four Masters_." + +We have received the following Catalogues:--William Heath's, 29. Lincoln +Inn Fields, Select Catalogue, No. 4., of Second-Hand Books, perfect, and +in good condition. Thomas Cole's, 15. Great Turnstile, Catalogue of a +Strange Collection from the Library of a Curious Collector. John +Petheram's, 94. High Holborn, Catalogue of a Collection of British +(engraved) Portraits. Cornish's (Brothers), 37. New Street, Birmingham, +List No. IX. for 1850 of English and Foreign Books. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +(In continuation of Lists in former Nos.) + +Odd Volumes. + +BLOOMFIELD'S RECENSIO SYNOPTICA, Vols. III. and IX. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS + +VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with Title-page and very copious +Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by +order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen._ + +_Erratum_.--No. 38. p. 113. col. 2. l. 37., for "participle" read +"particle." + + * * * * * + +MR. A.K. JOHNSTON'S NEW GENERAL GAZETTEER. + +In One Large Volume 8vo. of 1,440 pages, comprising nearly 50,000 Names +of Places, price 36s. cloth; or half-russia, 41s. + +A NEW DICTIONARY of GEOGRAPHY, Descriptive, Physical, Statistical, and +Historical; forming a complete General Gazetteer of the World. By +ALEXANDER KEITH JOHNSTON, F.R.S.E., F.R.G.S., F.G.S., Geographer at +Edinburgh in Ordinary to Her Majesty. + +"He appears to have executed in a very laudable manner the task which he +has undertaken, and to have taken every precaution possible to secure +accuracy and precision of statement."--_Times._ + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + +ROCHEFOUCAULD'S MAXIMS, WITH NOTES. + +Just published, in fcp. 8vo. price 4s. 6d. cloth, + +MORAL REFLECTIONS, SENTENCES, AND MAXIMS of FRANCIS DUC DE LA +ROCHEFOUCAULD. + +Newly translated from the French. With an Introduction and Notes. + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + +In Post 8vo., price 2s. 6d. + +THE FAWKES'S OF YORK IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY; Including Notices of the +Early History of GUYE FAWKES, the Gunpowder Plot Conspirator. By ROBERT +DAVIES, Esq., F.S.A. + +Published by J.B. NICHOLS and J.G. NICHOLS, 25. Parliament-street, +Westminster. + + * * * * * + +PARKER'S EDUCATIONAL CATALOGUE, including the Books produced under the +Sanction of the Committee of Council on Education, and the Publications +of the Committee of General Literature and Education appointed by the +Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, will be sent free of Postage, +on application to the Publisher, 445. West Strand, London. + + * * * * * + +CAMBRIDGE BOOKS RECENTLY PUBLISHED. + +I. + +A TREATISE ON MORAL EVIDENCE. Illustrated by numerous Examples both of +General Principles and of Specific Actions. By EDWARD ARTHUR SMEDLEY, +M.A., late Chaplain of Trinity College, Cambridge. 8vo. 7s. 6d. + +"The very grave and important questions opened by Mr. Smedley ... he +treats them with considerable ability, and in a tone and temper +befitting their great interest and solemn character."--_Guardian._ + +"Lucid in style, and forcible in argument, this treatise is +distinguished by great felicity of illustration ... a masterly specimen +of reasoning ... a most valuable contribution of the theological +literature of this country."--_Morning Post._ + +II. + +FOUR SERMONS preached before the University of Cambridge, in November, +1849. By the Rev. J.J. BLUNT, B.D., Margaret Professor of Divinity. + +1. The CHURCH OF ENGLAND--the COMMUNION OF SAINTS +2. The CHURCH OF ENGLAND--its TITLE AND DESCENT. +3. The CHURCH OF ENGLAND--its TEXT--the BIBLE. +4. The CHURCH OF ENGLAND--its COMMENTARY--the PRAYER-BOOK. + +Price 5s. + +III. + +By the same Author. + +FIVE SERMONS preached before the University of Cambridge. The First Four +in November, 1845. The Fifth on the General Fast Day, Wednesday, March +24, 1847. 8vo. 5s. 6d. + +IV. + +Second Edition. + +THE APOLOGY OF TERTULLIAN, with English Notes and a Preface. Intended as +an Introduction to the Study of Patristical and Ecclesiastical Latinity. +By H.A. WOODHAM, LL.D., late Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge. 8vo., +8s. 6d. + +V. + +AN ANALYSIS of PALMER'S ORIGINES LITURGICÆ; or, Antiquities of the +English Ritual; and of his DISSERTATION on PRIMITIVE LITURGIES: for the +Use of Students at the Universities, and Candidates for Holy Orders, who +have read the original Work. By W. BEAL, LL.D., F.S.A., Vicar of Brooke, +Norfolk. 12mo., price 3s. 6d. + +VI. + +FULWOOD'S ROMA RUIT: Wherein all the Several Pleas of the Pope's +Authority in England are revised and answered. By FRANCIS FULWOOD, D.D., +Archdeacon of Totnes, in Devon. Edited, with additional matter, by +CHARLES HARDWICK, M.A., Fellow of St. Catherine's Hall, Cambridge. 8vo., +10s. 6d. + +This Work will serve the purpose of a Text-Book on the subject of the +Papal Jurisdiction, reproducing, in a short and well digested form, +nearly all the arguments of our best Divines. + + * * * * * + +PREPARING FOR PUBLICATION. + +THOUGHTS ON THE STUDIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. By ADAM +SEDGWICK, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of Trinity College, and Woodwardian +Professor, Cambridge. The Fifth Edition, with a Copious Preliminary +Dissertation. Nearly ready. + +LITURGIÆ BRITANNICÆ; or the several EDITIONS of the BOOK of COMMON +PRAYER of the CHURCH of ENGLAND, from its Compilation to the last +Revision; together with the Liturgy set forth for the Use of the Church +of Scotland: arranged to show their respective variations. By W. +KEELING, B.D., Fellow of St. John's College. 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Saturday, July 27, +1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 39. Saturday, July 27, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: October 13, 2004 [EBook #13736] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 39. *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team and The Internet Library of Early Journals + + + + + + +</pre> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page129" name= +"page129"></a>{129}</span> +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left" width="25%"><b>No. 39.</b></td> +<td align="center" width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, JULY 27, 1850</b></td> +<td align="right" width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> +<table summary="Contents" align="center"> +<tr> +<td align="left">NOTES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Etymology of "Whitsuntide" and "Mass"</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page129">129</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Folk Lore:—Sympathetic Cures—Cure for +Ague—Eating Snakes a Charm for growing young</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page130">130</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Long Meg of Westminster, by E.F. Rimbault</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page131">131</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">A Note on Spelling,—"Sanatory," +"Connection"</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page131">131</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Notes:—Pasquinade on Leo +XII.—Shakspeare a Brass-rubber—California—Mayor +of Misrule and Masters of the Pastimes—Roland and Oliver</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page131">131</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">The Story of the Three Men and their Bag of +Money</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page132">132</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">The Geometrical Foot, by A. De Morgan</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page133">133</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Queries:—Plurima Gemma—Emmote de +Hastings—Boozy Grass—Gradely—Hats worn by +Females—Queries respecting Feltham's Works—Eikon +Basilice—"Welcome the coming, speed the parting +Guest"—Carpets and Room-paper—Cotton of +Finchley—Wood Carving in Snow Hill—Walrond +Family—Translations—Bonny Dundee—Graham of +Claverhouse—Franz von +Sickingen—Blackguard—Meaning of "Pension"—Stars +and Stripes of the American Arms—Passages from +Shakspeare—Nursery Rhyme—"George" worn by Charles +I.—Family of Manning of Norfolk—Salingen a Sword +Cutler—Billingsgate—"Speak the Tongue that Shakspeare +spoke"—Genealogical Queries—Parson, the Staffordshire +Giant—Unicorn in the Royal Arms—The Frog and the Crow +of Ennow—"She ne'er with treacherous Kiss," &c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page133">133</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">A treatise on Equivocation</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page136">136</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Further Notes on the Derivation of the Word +"News"</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page137">137</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">"News," "Noise," and "Parliament"</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page138">138</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Shakpeare's Use of the Word "Delighted" by Rev. +Dr. Kennedy and J.O. Halliwell</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page139">139</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Replies to Minor Queries:—Execution of +Charles I.—Sir T. Herbert's Memoir of Charles I.—Simon +of Ghent—Chevalier de Cailly—Collar of Esses—Hell +paved with good Intentions—The Plant +"Hæmony"—Practice of Scalping among the +Scythians—Scandinavian Mythology—Cromwell's +Estates—Magor—"Incidis in Scyllam"—Dies +Iræ—Fabulous Account of the Lion—Caxton's +Printing-Office</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page140">140</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, Sales, +&c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page142">142</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes Wanted</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page143">143</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Answers to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page143">143</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>NOTES.</h2> +<h3>ETYMOLOGY OF "WHITSUNTIDE" AND "MASS".</h3> +<p>Perhaps the following Note and Query on the much-disputed origin +of the word <i>Whitsunday</i>, as used in our Liturgy, may find a +place in your Journal. None of the etymologies of this word at +present in vogue is at all satisfactory. They are—</p> +<p>I. <i>White Sunday</i>: and this, either—</p> +<p>1. From the garments of <i>white linen</i>, in which those who +were at that season admitted to the rite of holy baptism were +clothed; (as typical of the spiritual purity therein obtained:) +or,—</p> +<p>2. From the glorious light of heaven, sent down from the father +of Lights on the day of Pentecost: and "those vast diffusions of +light and knowledge, which were then shed upon the Apostles, in +order to the enlightening of the world." (Wheatley.) Or,—</p> +<p>3. From the custom of the rich bestowing on this day all the +milk of their kine, then called <i>white meat</i>, on the poor. +(Wheatley, from Gerard Langbain.)</p> +<p>II. <i>Huict Sunday</i>: from the French, <i>huit</i>, eight; +<i>i.e.</i> the eighth Sunday from Easter. (L'Estrange, <i>Alliance +Div. Off.</i>)</p> +<p>III. There are others who see that neither of these explanations +can stand; because the ancient mode of spelling the word was not +<i>Whit</i>-sunday, but <i>Wit</i>-sonday (as in Wickliff), or +<i>Wite</i>-sonday (which is as old as <i>Robert of Gloucester</i>, +c. A.D. 1270). Hence,—</p> +<p>1. Versteran's explanation:—That it is <i>Wied</i> Sunday, +<i>i.e. Sacred</i> Sunday (from Saxon, <i>wied</i>, or +<i>wihed</i>, a word I do not find in Bosworth's <i>A.-S. +Dict.</i>; but so written in Brady's <i>Clovis Calendaria</i>, as +below). But why should this day be distinguished as sacred beyond +all other Sundays in the year?</p> +<p>2. In <i>Clavis Calendaria</i>, by John Brady (2 vols. 8vo. +1815), I find, vol. i. p. 378., "Other authorities contend," he +does not say who those authorities are, "that the original name of +this season of the year was <i>Wittentide</i>; or the time of +choosing the <i>wits</i>, or wise men, to the +<i>Wittenagemote</i>."</p> +<p>Now this last, though evidently an etymology inadequate to the +importance of the festival, appears to me to furnish the right +clue. The day of Pentecost was the day of the outpouring of the +Divine Wisdom and Knowledge on the Apostles; the day on which was +given to them that HOLY SPIRIT, by which was "revealed" to them +"<i>The wisdom of God</i> ... even the <i>hidden wisdom</i>, which +GOD ordained before the world." 1 Cor. ii. 7.<a id="footnotetag1" +name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> It +was the day on which was fulfilled the promise <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page130" id="page130"></a>{130}</span> made to +them by CHRIST that "The Comforter, which is the HOLY GHOST, whom +the Father will send in my name, he shall <i>teach you all +things</i>, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I +have said unto you." John, xiv. 26. When "He, the Spirit of Truth, +came, who should <i>guide</i> them <i>into all truth</i>." John +xvi. 13. And the consequence of this "unction from the Holy One" +was, that they "knew all things," and "needed not that any man +should teach them." 1 John, ii. 20. 27.</p> +<p><i>Whit-sonday</i> was, therefore, the day on which the Apostles +were endued by God with <i>wisdom</i> and knowledge: and my Query +is, whether the root of the word may not be found in the +Anglo-Saxon verb,—</p> +<p><i>Witan</i>, to know, understand (whence our <i>wit</i>, in its +old meaning of good sense, or cleverness and the expression "having +one's <i>wits</i> about one," &c.); or else, perhaps, +from—</p> +<p><i>Wisian</i>, to instruct, show, inform; (Ger. <i>weisen</i>). +Not being an Anglo-Saxon scholar, I am unable of myself to trace +the formation of the word <i>witson</i> from either of these roots: +and I should feel greatly obliged to any of your correspondents who +might be able and willing to inform me, whether that form is +deduceable from either of the above verbs; and if so, what sense it +would bear in our present language. I am convinced, that <i>wisdom +day</i>, or <i>teaching day</i>, would afford a very far better +reason for the name now applied to Pentecost, than any of the +reasons commonly given. I should observe, that I think it incorrect +to say Whit-Sunday. It should be Whitsun (Witesone) Day. If it is +Whit Sunday, why do we say Easter Day, and not Easter Sunday? Why +do we say Whitsun-Tide? Why does our Prayer Book say Monday and +Tuesday in Whitsun-week (just as before, Monday and Tuesday in +Easter-week)? And why do the lower classes, whose "vulgarisms" are, +in nine cases out of ten, more correct than our refinements, still +talk about Whitsun Monday and Whitsun Tuesday, where the more +polite say, Whit Monday and Tuesday?</p> +<p>Query II. As I am upon etymologies, let me ask, may not the word +<i>Mass</i>, used for the Lord's Supper—which Baronius +derives from the Hebrew <i>missach</i>, an oblation, and which is +commonly derived from the "missa missorum"—be nothing more +nor less than <i>mess</i> (<i>mes</i>, old French), the meal, the +repast, the supper? We have it still lingering in the phrase, "an +officers' mess;" <i>i.e.</i> a meal taken in common at the same +table; and so, "to mess together," "messmate," and so on. Compare +the Moeso-Gothic <i>mats</i>, food: and <i>maz</i>, which Bosworth +says (<i>A.-S. Dic.</i> sub voc. <i>Mete</i>) is used for bread, +food, in Otfrid's poetical paraphrase of the Gospels, in Alemannic +or High German, published by Graff, Konigsberg, 1831.</p> +<p class="author">H.T.G.</p> +<p>Clapton.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name= +"footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag1">(return)</a> +<p>The places in the New Testament, where Divine Wisdom and +Knowledge are referred to the outpouring of God's Spirit, are +numberless. Cf. Acts, vi. 3., 1 Cor. xii. 8., Eph. i. 8, 9., Col. +i. 9., &c. &c.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> +<p><i>Sympathetic Cures.</i>—Possibly the following excerpt +may enable some of your readers and Folklore collectors to testify +to the yet lingering existence, in localities still unvisited by +the "iron horse," of a superstition similar to the one referred to +below. I transcribe it from a curious, though not very rare volume +in duodecimo, entitled <i>Choice and Experimental Receipts in +Physick and Chirurgery, as also Cordial and Distilled Waters and +Spirits, Perfumes, and other Curiosities</i>. Collected by the +Honourable and truly learned Sir Kenelm Digby, Kt., Chancellour to +Her Majesty the Queen Mother. London: Printed for H. Brome, at the +Star in Little Britain, 1668.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>A Sympathetic Cure for the Tooth-ach.</i>—With an iron +nail raise and cut the gum from about the teeth till it bleed, and +that some of the blood stick upon the nail, then drive it into a +wooden beam up to the head; after this is done you never shall have +the toothach in all your life." The author naively adds "But +whether the man used any spell, or said any words while he drove +the nail, I know not; only I saw done all that is said above. This +is used by severall certain persons."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Amongst other "choice and experimental receipts" and +"curiosities" which in this little tome are recommended for the +cure of some of the "ills which flesh is heir to," one directs the +patient to</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Take two parts of the moss growing on the skull of a dead man +(pulled as small as you can with the fingers)."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Another enlarges on the virtue of</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A little bag containing some powder of toads calcined, so that +the bag lay always upon the pit of the stomach next the skin, and +presently it took away all pain as long as it hung there but if you +left off the bag the pain returned. A bag continueth in force but a +month after so long time you must wear a fresh one."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This, he says, a "person of credit" told him.</p> +<p class="author">HENRY CAMPKIN.</p> +<p>Reform Club, June 21. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Cure for Ague.</i>—One of my parishioners, suffering +from ague, was advised to catch a large spider and shut him up in a +box. As he pines away, the disease is supposed to wear itself +out.</p> +<p class="author">B.</p> +<p>L—— Rectory, Somerset, July 8. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Eating Snakes a Charm for growing young.</i>—I send you +the following illustrations of this curious receipt for growing +young. Perhaps some of your correspondents will furnish me with +some others, and some additional light on the subject. Fuller +says,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A gentlewoman told an ancient batchelour, who looked <i>very +young</i>, that she thought <i>he had eaten a snake</i>: 'No, +mistris,' (said he), 'it is because I never <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page131" id="page131"></a>{131}</span> meddled +with any snakes which maketh me look so young.'"—<i>Holy +State</i>, 1642, p. 36.</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>He hath left off o' late to <i>feed on snakes</i>;</p> +<p>His beard's turned white again.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Massinger, Old Law</i>, Act v. Sc. 1.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"He is your loving brother, sir, and will tell nobody</p> +<p>But all he meets, that you have eat a <i>snake</i>,</p> +<p>And are grown young, gamesome, and rampant."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Ibid, Elder Brother</i>, Act iv. Sc. 4.</p> +<p class="author">JARLTZBERG.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>LONG MEG OF WESTMINSTER.</h3> +<p>Mr. Cunningham, in his <i>Handbook of London</i> (2nd edition, +p. 540.), has the following passage, under the head of "Westminster +Abbey:"</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>Observe.</i>—Effigies in south cloister of several of +the early abbots; large blue stone, uninscribed, (south cloister), +marking the grave of Long Meg of Westminster, a noted virago of the +reign of Henry VIII."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This amazon is often alluded to by our old writers. Her life was +printed in 1582; and she was the heroine of a play noticed in +Henslowe's <i>Diary</i>, under the date February 14, 1594. She also +figured in a ballad entered on the Stationers' books in that year. +In <i>Holland's Leaguer</i>, 1632, mention is made of a house kept +by Long Meg in Southwark:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"It was out of the citie, yet in the view of the citie, only +divided by a delicate river: there was many handsome buildings, and +many hearty neighbours, yet at the first foundation it was renowned +for nothing so much as for the memory of that famous amazon +<i>Longa Margarita</i>, who had there for many yeeres kept a famous +<i>infamous</i> house of open hospitality."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>According to Vaughan's <i>Golden Grove</i>, 1608,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Long Meg of Westminster kept alwaies twenty courtizans in her +house, whom, by their pictures, she sold to all commers."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>From these extracts the occupation of Long Meg may be readily +guessed at. Is it then likely that such a detestable character +would have been buried amongst "goodly friars" and "holy abbots" in +the cloisters of our venerable abbey? I think not: but I leave +considerable doubts as to whether Meg was a real +personage.—Query. Is she not akin to Tom Thumb, Jack the +Giant-killer, Doctor Rat, and a host of others of the same +type?</p> +<p>The stone in question is, I know, on account of its great size, +jokingly called "Long Meg, of Westminster" by the vulgar; but no +one, surely, before Mr. Cunningham, ever <i>seriously</i> supposed +it to be her burying-place. Henry Keefe, in his <i>Monumenta +Westmonasteriensa</i>, 1682, gives the following account of this +monument:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"That large and stately plain black marble stone (which is +vulgarly known by the name of <i>Long Meg of Westminster</i>) on +the north side of <i>Laurentius</i> the abbot, was placed there for +<i>Gervasius de Blois</i>, another abbot of this monastery, who was +base son to King Stephen, and by him placed as a monk here, and +afterwards made abbot, who died <i>anno</i> 1160, and was buried +under this stone, having this distich formerly thereon:</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"<i>De regnum genere pater hic Gervasius ecce</i></p> +<p><i>Monstrat defunctus, mors rapit omne genus</i>."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Felix Summerly, in his <i>Handbook for Westminster Abbey</i>, p. +29., noticing the cloisters and the effigies of the abbots, +says,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Towards this end there lies a large slab of blue marble, which +is called 'Long Meg' of Westminster. Though it is inscribed to +Gervasius de Blois, abbot, 1160 natural son of King Stephen, he is +said to have been buried under a small stone, and tradition assigns +'Long Meg' as the gravestone of twenty-six monks, who were carried +off by the plague in 1349, and buried together in one grave."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The tradition here recorded may be correct. At any rate, it +carries with it more plausibility than that recorded by Mr. +Cunningham.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMIBAULT.</p> +<p class="note">[Some additional and curious allusions to this +probably mythic virago are recorded in Mr. Halliwell's +<i>Descriptive Notices of Popular English Histories</i>, printed +for the Percy Society.]</p> +<hr /> +<h3>A NOTE ON SPELLING.—"SANATORY," "CONNECTION."</h3> +<p>I trust that "NOTES AND QUERIES" may, among many other benefits, +improve spelling by example as well as precept. Let me make a note +on two words that I find in No. 37.: <i>sanatory</i>, p. 99., and +<i>connection</i>, p. 98.</p> +<p>Why "<i>sanatory</i> laws?" <i>Sanare</i> is <i>to cure</i>, and +a curing-place is, if you like, properly called <i>sanatorium</i>. +But the Latin for <i>health</i> is <i>sanitas</i>, and the laws +which relate to health should be called <i>sanitary</i>.</p> +<p>Analogy leads us to <i>connexion</i>, not <i>connection</i>; +<i>plecto</i>, <i>plexus</i>, <i>complexion</i>; <i>flecto</i>, +<i>flexus</i>, <i>inflexion</i>; <i>necto</i>, <i>nexus</i>, +<i>connexion</i>, &c.; while the termination <i>ction</i> +belongs to words derived from Latin verbs whose passive participles +end in <i>ctus</i> as <i>lego</i>, <i>lectus</i>, +<i>collection</i>; <i>injecio</i>, <i>injectus</i>, +<i>injection</i>; <i>seco</i>, <i>sectus</i>, <i>section</i>, +&c.</p> +<p class="author">CH.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Minor Notes.</h3> +<p><i>Pasquinade on Leo XII.</i>—The Query put to a Pope +(Vol. ii., p. 104.), which it is difficult to believe could be put +orally, reminds me of Pope Leo XII., who was reported, whether +truly or not, to have been the reverse of scrupulous in the earlier +part of his life, but was remarkably strict after he became Pope, +and was much disliked at Rome, perhaps because, by his maintenance +of strict discipline, he abridged the amusements and questionable +indulgences of the people. On account of his death, <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page132" id="page132"></a>{132}</span> which +took place just before the time of the carnival in 1829, the usual +festivities were omitted, which gave occasion to the following +pasquinade, which was much, though privately, circulated—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Tre cose mat fecesti, O Padre santo:</p> +<p class="i8">Accettar il papato,</p> +<p class="i8">Viver tanto,</p> +<p class="i8">Morir di Carnivale</p> +<p class="i8">Per destar pianto."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">J. Mn.</p> +<p><i>Shakspeare a Brass-rubber.</i>—I am desirous to notice, +if no commentator has forestalled me, that Shakspeare, among his +many accomplishments, was sufficiently beyond his age to be a +brass-rubber:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i10">"What's on this tomb</p> +<p>I cannot read; the character I'll take with <i>wax</i>."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Timon of Athens</i>, v. 4.</p> +<p>From the "soft impression," however, alluded to in the next +scene, his "wax" appears rather to have been the forerunner of +<i>gutta percha</i> than of <i>heel-ball</i>.</p> +<p class="author">T.S. LAWRENCE.</p> +<p><i>California.</i>—In the <i>Voyage round the World</i>, +by Captain George Shelvocke, begun Feb. 1719, he says of California +(<i>Harris's Collection</i>, vol. i. p. 233.):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The soil about Puerto, Seguro, and very likely in most of the +valleys, is a rich black mould, which, as you turn it fresh up to +the sun, appears as if intermingled with gold dust; some of which +we endeavoured to purify and wash from the dirt; but though we were +a little prejudiced against the thoughts that it could be possible +that this metal should be so promiscuously and universally mingled +with common earth, yet we endeavoured to cleanse and wash the earth +from some of it; and the more we did the more it appeared like +gold. In order to be further satisfied I brought away some of it, +which we lost in our confusion in China."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>How an accident prevented the discovery, more than a century +back, of the golden harvest now gathering in California!</p> +<p class="author">E.N.W.</p> +<p>Southwark.</p> +<p><i>Mayor of Misrule and Masters of the Pastimes.</i>—the +word <i>Maior</i> of Misrule appears in the Harl. MSS. 2129. as +having been on glass in the year 1591, in Denbigh Church.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"5 Edw. VI., a gentleman (Geo. Ferrars), lawyer, poet, and +historian, appointed by the Council, and being of better calling +than commonly his predecessors, received his commission by the name +of 'Master of the King's Pastimes.'"—<i>Strutt's Sports and +Pastimes</i>, 340.</p> +<p>"1578. Edward Baygine, cursitor, clerk for writing and passing +the Queen's leases, 'Comptroller of the Queen's pastimes and +revels,' clerk comptroller of her tents and pavilions, commissioner +of sewers, burgess in Parliament."—Gwillim, <i>Heraldry</i>, +1724 edit.</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">A.C.</p> +<p><i>Roland and Oliver</i>.—Canciani says there is a figure +in the church porch at Verona which, from being in the same place +with <i>Roland</i>, and manifestly of the same age, he supposes may +be <i>Oliver</i>, armed with a spiked ball fastened by a chain to a +staff of about three feet in length. <i>Who are Roland and +Oliver</i>? There is the following derivation of the saying "a +Roland for your Oliver," without any reference or authority +attached, in my note-book:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"—Charlemagne, in his expedition against the Saracens, was +accompanied by two '<i>steeds</i>,' some writers say 'pages,' named +Roland and Oliver, who were so excellent and so equally matched, +that the equality became proverbial—'I'll give you a Roland +for your Oliver' being, the same as the vulgar saying, 'I'll give +you tit for tat,' <i>i.e.</i> 'I'll give you the same (whether in a +good or bad sense) as you give me.'"</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">JARLTZBERG.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>QUERIES</h2> +<h3>THE STORY OF THE THREE MEN AND THEIR BAG OF MONEY.</h3> +<p>Lord Campbell, in his <i>Lives of the Chancellors</i>, relates, +in connection with Queen Elizabeth's Lord Keeper Ellesmere, a very +common story, of which I am surprised he did not at once discern +the falsehood. It is that of a widow, who having a sum of money +entrusted to her by three men, which she was on no account to +return except to the joint demand of the three, is afterwards +artfully persuaded by one of them to give it up to him. Being +afterwards sued by the other two, she is successfully defended by a +young lawyer, who puts in the plea that she is not bound to give up +the money at the demand of <i>only</i> two of the parties. In this +case this ingenious gentleman is the future chancellor. The story +is told of the Attorney-General Noy, and of an Italian advocate, in +the notes to Rogers' <i>Italy</i>. It is likewise the subject of +one of the smaller tales in Lane's <i>Arabian Nights</i>; but here +I must remark, that the Eastern version is decidedly more ingenious +than the later ones, inasmuch as it exculpates the keeper of the +deposit from the "laches" of which in the other cases she was +decidedly guilty. Three men enter a bath, and entrust their bag of +money to the keeper with the usual conditions. While bathing, one +feigns to go to ask for a comb (if I remember right), but in +reality demands the money. The keeper properly refuses, when he +calls out to his companions within, "He won't give it me." They +unwittingly respond, "Give it him," and he accordingly walks off +with the money. I think your readers will agree with me that the +tale has suffered considerably in its progress westward.</p> +<p>My object in troubling you with this, is to ask <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page133" id="page133"></a>{133}</span> whether +any of your subscribers can furnish me with any other versions of +this popular story, either Oriental or otherwise.</p> +<p class="author">BRACKLEY.</p> +<p>Putney, July 17.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>THE GEOMETRICAL FOOT.</h3> +<p>In several different places I have discussed the existence and +length of what the mathematicians of the sixteenth century +<i>used</i>, and those of the seventeenth <i>talked about</i>, +under the name of the <i>geometrical foot</i>, of four palms and +sixteen digits. (See the <i>Philosophical Magazine</i> from +December 1841 to May 1842; the <i>Penny Cyclopædia</i>, +"Weights and Measures," pp. 197, 198; and <i>Arthmetical Books</i>, +&c, pp. 5-9.) Various works give a figured length of this foot, +whole, or in halves, according as the page will permit; usually +making it (before the shrinking of the paper is allowed for) a very +little less than 9-3/4 inches English. The works in which I have as +yet found it are Reisch, <i>Margarita Philosophica</i>, 1508; +Stöffler's <i>Elucidatio Astrolabii</i>, 1524; Fernel's +<i>Monolosphærium</i>, 1526; Köbel, <i>Astrolabii +Declaratio</i>, 1552; Ramus, <i>Geometricæ</i>, 1621. Query. +In what other works of the sixteenth, or early in the seventeenth +century is this foot of palms and digits to be found, figured in +length? What are their titles? What the several lengths of the +foot, half foot, or palm, within the twentieth of an inch? Are the +divisions into palms or digits given; and, if so, are they accurate +subdivisions? Of the six names above mentioned, the three who are +by far the best known are Stöffler, Fernel, and Ramus; and it +so happens that their subdivisions are <i>much</i> more correct +than those of the other three, and their whole lengths more +accordant.</p> +<p class="author">A. DE. MORGAN.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Minor Queries</h3> +<p><i>Plurima Gemma.</i>—Who is the author of the couplet +which seems to be a version of Gray's</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Full many a gem of purest ray serene," &c.?</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Plurima gemma latet cæca tellure sepulta,</p> +<p>Plurima neglecto fragrat odore rosa."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">S.W.S.</p> +<p><i>Emmote de Hastings.</i>—</p> +<p>"EMMOTE DE HASTINGS GIST ICI" &C.</p> +<p>A very early slab with the above inscription was found in 1826 +on the site of a demolished transept of Bitton Church, Gloucester. +By its side was laid an incised slab of —— De Bitton. +Both are noticed in the <i>Archæologia</i>, vols. xxii. and +xxxi.</p> +<p>Hitherto, after diligent search, no notice whatever has been +discovered of the said person. The supposition is that she was +either a Miss De Bitton married to a Hastings, or the widow of a +Hastings married secondly to a De Bitton, and therefore buried with +that family, in the twelfth or thirteenth century. If any +antiquarian digger should discover any mention of the lady, a +communication to that effect will be thankfully received by</p> +<p class="author">H.T. ELLACOMBE.</p> +<p>Bitton.</p> +<p><i>Boozy Grass.</i>—What is the derivation of "boozy +grass," which an outgoing tenant claims for his cattle? Johnson +has, "Boose, a stall for a cow or ox (Saxon)."</p> +<p class="author">A.C.</p> +<p><i>Gradely.</i>—What is the meaning, origin, and usage of +this word? I remember once hearing it used in Yorkshire by a man, +who, speaking of a neighbour recently dead, said in a tone which +implied esteem: "Aye, he was a very <i>gradely</i> fellow."</p> +<p class="author">A.W.H.</p> +<p><i>Hats worn by Females.</i>—Were not the hats worn by the +<i>females</i>, as represented on the Myddelton Brass, peculiar to +Wales? An engraving is given in Pennant's <i>Tour</i>, 2 vols., +where also may be seen the hat worn by Sir John Wynne, about 1500, +apparently similar to that on the Bacon Monument, and to that worn +by Bankes. A MS. copy of a similar one (made in 1635, and then +called "very auntient") may be seen in the Harleian MS. No. 1971. +(<i>Rosindale Pedigree</i>), though apparently not older than +Elizabeth's time. With a coat of arms it was "wrought in backside +work"—the meaning of which is doubtful. What is that of the +motto, "Oderpi du pariver?"</p> +<p class="author">A.C.</p> +<p><i>Feltham's Works, Queries respecting.</i>—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"He that is courtly or gentle, is among them <i>like</i> a +merlin after Michaelmas in the field with crows."—<i>A Brief +Character of the Low Countries</i>, by Owen Feltham. Folio, London, +1661.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>What is the meaning of this proverb?</p> +<p>As a confirmation of the opinion of some of your correspondents, +that monosyllables give force and nature to language, the same +author says, page 59., of the Dutch tongue,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Stevin of Bruges reckons up 2170 monosillables, which being +compounded, how richly do they grace a tongue."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Will any of your correspondents kindly inform me of the titles +of Owen Feltham's works. I have his <i>Resolves</i>, and a thin +folio volume, 1661, printed for Anne Seile, 102 pages, containing +<i>Lusoria, or Occasional Pieces; A Brief Character of the Low +Countries</i>; and some <i>Letters</i>. Are these all he wrote? The +poem mentioned by Mr. Kersley, beginning—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"When, dearest, I but think of thee,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>is printed among those in the volume I have, with the same +remark, that it had been printed as Sir John Suckling's.</p> +<p class="author">E.N.W.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page134" id= +"page134"></a>{134}</span> +<p><i>Eikon Basilice.</i>—</p> +<p>"[Greek: EIKON BASILIKAE], or, <i>The True Pourtraiture of His +Sacred Majestæ Charles the II</i>. In Three Books. Beginning +from his Birth, 1630, unto this present year, 1660: wherein is +interwoven a compleat History of the High-born Dukes of <i>York</i> +and <i>Glocester</i>. By R.F., Esq., an eye-witness.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Quo nihil majus meliusve terris</p> +<p>Fata donavere, borique divi</p> +<p>Nee dabunt, quamvis redeant in aurum</p> +<p>Tempora priscum."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Horat</i>.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"[Greek: Otan tin' Euraes Eupathounta ton kakon</p> +<p>ginske touton to telei taeroumenon]."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>G. Naz Carm</i>.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"——more than conqueror."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>"London, printed for H. Brome and H. March, at the Gun, in Ivy +Lane, and at the Princes' Arms, in Chancery Lane, neer Fleet +Street, 1660."</p> +<p>The cover has "C.R." under a crown. What is the history of this +volume. Is it scarce, or worth nothing?</p> +<p class="author">A.C.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"<i>Welcome the coming, speed the parting Guest?</i>"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>—Whence comes the sentence—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Welcome the coming, speed the parting guest?"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">E.N.W.</p> +<p><i>Carpets and Room-paper.</i>—Carpets were in Edward +III.'s reign used in the palace. What is the exact date of their +introduction? When did they come into general use, and when were +rushes, &c., last used? Room-paper, when was it introduced?</p> +<p class="author">JARLTZBERG.</p> +<p><i>Cotton of Finchley.</i>—Can some one of your readers +give me any particulars concerning the family of Cotton, which was +settled at Finchley, Middlesex, about the middle of the sixteenth +century?</p> +<p class="author">C.F.</p> +<p><i>Wood Carving in Snow Hill.</i>—Can any one explain the +wood carving over the door of a house at the corner of Snow Hill +and Skinner Street. It is worth rescuing from the ruin impending +it.</p> +<p class="author">A.C.</p> +<p><i>Walrond Family.</i>—Can any of your readers inform me +what was the maiden name of <i>Grace</i>, the wife of Col. Humphry +Walrond, of Sea, in the county of Somerset, a distinguished +loyalist, some time Lieutenant-Governor of Bridgewater, and +Governor of the island of Barbadoes in 1660. She was living in 1635 +and 1668. Also the names of his <i>ten</i> children, or, at all +events, his three youngest. I have reason to believe the seven +elder were George, Humphry, Henry, John, Thomas, Bridget, and +Grace.</p> +<p class="author">W. DOWNING BRUCE.</p> +<p><i>Translations.</i>—What English translations have +appeared of the famous <i>Epistolæ Obscurorum +Virorum</i>?</p> +<p>Has <i>La Chiave del Gabinetto del Signor Borri</i> (by Joseph +Francis Borri, the Rosicrucian) ever been translated into English? +I make the same Query as to <i>Le Compte de Gabalis</i>, which the +Abbé de Rillan founded on Borri's work?</p> +<p class="author">JARLTZBERG.</p> +<p><i>Bonny Dundee—Graham of Claverhouse.</i>—Can any +of your correspondents tell me the origin of the term "Bonny +Dundee?" Does it refer to the fair and flourishing town at the +mouth of the Tay, or to the remarkable John Graham of Claverhouse, +who was created Viscount of Dundee, after the landing of the Prince +of Orange in England, and whose person is admitted to have been +eminently beautiful, whatever disputes may exist as to his +character and conduct?</p> +<p>2. Can reference be made to the date of his birth, or, in other +words, to his age when he was killed at Killycrankie, on the 27th +of July, 1689. All the biographies which I have seem are silent +upon the point.</p> +<p class="author">W.L.M.</p> +<p><i>Franz von Sickingen.</i>—Perusing a few of your back +numbers, in a reply of S.W.S. to R.G. (Vol. i., p. 336.), I +read:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"I had long sought for a representation of Sickingen, and at +length found a medal represented in the <i>Sylloge Numismatum +Elegantiorum of Luckius</i>," &c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I now hope that in S.W.S. I have found the man who is to solve +an obstinate doubt that has long possessed my mind: Is the figure +of the knight in Durer's well-known print of "The Knight, Death, +and the Devil," a portrait? If it be a portrait, is it a portrait +of Franz von Sickingen, as Kugler supposes? The print is said to +bear the date 1513. I have it, but have failed to discover any date +at all.</p> +<p class="author">H.J.H.</p> +<p>Sheffield.</p> +<p><i>Blackguard.</i>—When did this word Come into use, and +from what?</p> +<p>Beaumont and Fletcher, in the <i>Elder Brother</i>, use it +thus:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i10">"It is a Faith</p> +<p>That we will die in, since from the <i>blackguard</i></p> +<p>To the grim sir in office, there are few</p> +<p>Hold other tenets."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Thomas Hobbes, in his <i>Microcosmus</i>, says,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Since my lady's decay I am degraded from a cook and I fear the +devil himself will entertain me but for one of his +<i>blackguard</i>, and he shall be sure to have his roast +burnt."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">JARLTZBERG.</p> +<p><i>Meaning of "Pension."</i>—The following announcement +appeared lately in the London newspapers:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"GRAY'S INN.—At a <i>Pension</i> of the Hon. Society of +Gray's Inn, holden this day, Henry Wm. Vincent, Esq., her Majesty's +Remembrancer in the Court of Exchequer, was called to the degree of +Barrister at Law."</p> +</blockquote> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page135" id= +"page135"></a>{135}</span> +<p>I have inquired of one of the oldest benchers of Gray's Inn, now +resident in the city from which I write, for an explanation of the +origin or meaning of the phrase "pension," neither of which was he +acquainted with; informing me at the same time that the Query had +often been a subject discussed among the learned on the dais, but +that no definite solution had been elicited.</p> +<p>Had the celebrated etymologist and antiquary, Mr. Ritson, +formerly a member of the Society, been living, he might have solved +the difficulty. But I have little doubt that there are many of the +erudite, and, I am delighted to find, willing readers of your +valuable publication who will be able to furnish a solution.</p> +<p class="author">J.M.G.</p> +<p>Worcester.</p> +<p><i>Stars and Stripes of the American Arms.</i>—What is the +origin of the American arms, viz. stars and stripes?</p> +<p class="author">JARLTZBERG.</p> +<p><i>Passages from Shakspeare.</i>—May I beg for an +interpretation of the two following passages from +Shakspeare:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"<i>Isab.</i> Else let my brother die,</p> +<p>If not a feodary, but only he,</p> +<p>Owe, and succeed thy weakness."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Measure for Measure,</i> Act ii. Sc. 4.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"<i>Imogen.</i> Some jay of Italy,</p> +<p>Whose mother was her painting, hath betrayed him."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Cymbeline</i>, Act iii. Sc. 4.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">TREBOR.</p> +<p>King's College, London.</p> +<p><i>Nursery Rhyme.</i>—What is the date of the nursery +rhyme:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Come when you're called,</p> +<p class="i2">Do what you're bid,</p> +<p>Shut the door after you,</p> +<p class="i2">Never be chid?"—Ed. 1754.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>In Howell's <i>Letters</i> (book i. sect. v. letter 18. p. 211. +ed. 1754) I find—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>He will come when you call him, go when you bid him, and shut +the door after him.</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">J.E.B. MAYOR.</p> +<p><i>"George" worn by Charles I.</i>—I should be glad if any +of your correspondents could give me information as to who is the +present possessor of the "George" worn by Charles I. It was, I +believe, in the possession of the late Marquis Wellesley, but since +his death it has been lost sight of. Such a relic must be +interesting to either antiquaries or royalists.</p> +<p class="author">SPERANS.</p> +<p><i>Family of Manning of Norfolk.</i>—Can any of your +readers supply me with an extract from, or the name of a work on +heraldry or genealogy, containing an account of the family of +<i>Manning</i> of <i>Norfolk</i>. Such a work was seen by a +relative of mine about fifty years since. It related that a Count +Manning, of Manning in Saxony, having been banished from thence, +became king in Friesland, and that his descendants came over to +England, and settled in Kent and <i>Norfolk</i>. Pedigrees of the +Kentish branch exist: but that of Norfolk was distinct. Guillim +refers to some of the name in Friesland.</p> +<p class="author">T.S. LAWRENCE.</p> +<p><i>Salingen a Sword Cutler.</i>—A sword in my possession, +with inlaid basket guard, perhaps of the early part of the +seventeenth century, is inscribed on the blade "Salingen me fecit." +If this is the name of a sword cutler, who was he, and when and +where did he live?</p> +<p class="author">T.S. LAWRENCE.</p> +<p><i>Billingsgate.</i>—May I again solicit a reference to +any <i>early</i> drawing of Belins gate? That of 1543 kindly +referred by C.S. was already in my possession. I am also obliged to +Vox for his Note.</p> +<p class="author">W.W.</p> +<p><i>"Speak the Tongue that Shakspeare spoke."</i>—Can you +inform me of the author's name who says,—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"They speak the tongue that Shakspeare spoke,</p> +<p>The faith and morals hold that Milton held," &c.?</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>and was it applied to the early settlers of New England?</p> +<p class="author">X.</p> +<p><i>Genealogical Queries.</i>—Can any of your genealogical +readers oblige me with replies to the following Queries?</p> +<p>1. To what family do the following arms belong? They are given +in Blomfield's <i>Norfolk</i> (ix. 413.) as impaled with the coat +of William Donne, Esq., of Letheringsett, Norfolk, on his tomb in +the church there. He died in 1684.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>On a chevron engrailed, two lioncels rampant, between as many +crescents.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Not having seen the stone, I cannot say whether Blomfield has +blazoned it correctly; but it seems possible he may have +<i>meant</i> to say,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>On a chevron engrailed, between two crescents, as many lioncels +rampant.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>2. <i>Which</i> Sir Philip Courtenay, of Powderham, was the +father of Margaret Courtenay, who, in the fifteenth century, +married Sir Robert Carey, Knt.? and who was her mother?</p> +<p>3. Where can I find a pedigree of the family of Robertson of +<i>Muirtown</i>, said to be descended from <i>John</i>, second son +of Alexander Robertson, of <i>Strowan</i>, by his second wife, Lady +Elizabeth Stewart, daughter of John, Earl of Athol, brother of King +James II.? which John is omitted in the pedigree of the Strowan +family, in Burke's <i>Landed Gentry</i>.</p> +<p class="author">C.R.M.</p> +<p><i>Parson, the Staffordshire Giant.</i>—Harwood, in a note +to his edition of Erdeswick's <i>Staffordshire</i>, p. 289., +says,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"This place [Westbromwich] gave birth to <i>William</i> Parsons, +[query Walter,] the gigantic porter of King <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page136" id="page136"></a>{136}</span> James I., +<i>whose picture was at Whitehall</i>; and a bas-relief of him, +with Jeffry Hudson the dwarf, was fixed in the front of a house +near the end of a bagnio court, Newgate-street, probably as a +sign."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Plot, in his <i>Natural History of Staffordshire</i>, gives some +instances of the great strength of Parsons.</p> +<p>I shall feel much obliged if you or your readers will inform me, +1. Whether there is any mention of Parsons in contemporary, or +other works? 2. Whether the portrait is in existence? if so, where? +Has it been engraved?</p> +<p class="author">C.H.B.</p> +<p>Westbromwich.</p> +<p><i>Unicorn in the Royal Arms.</i>—When and why was the +fabulous animal called the unicorn first used as a supporter for +the royal arms of England?</p> +<p class="author">E.C.</p> +<p><i>The Frog and the Crow of Ennow.</i>—I should be glad to +get an answer to the following Query from some one of your +readers:—I remember some few old lines of a song I used to +hear sung many years ago, and wish to learn anything as regards its +date, authorship,—indeed, any particulars, and where I shall +be likely to find it at length. What I remember is,—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"There was a little frog, lived in the river swim-o,</p> +<p>And there was an old crow lived in the wood of Ennow,</p> +<p>Come on shore, come on shore, said the crow to the frog +again-o;</p> +<p>Thank you, sir, thank you, sir, said the frog to the crow of +Ennow,</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>...</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>But there is sweet music under yonder green willow,</p> +<p>And there are the dancers, the dancers, in yellow."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">M.</p> +<p>"<i>She ne'er with treacherous Kiss</i>."—Can any of your +readers inform me where the following lines are to be found?</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"She ne'er with treacherous kiss her Saviour stung,</p> +<p>Nor e'er denied Him with unholy tongue;</p> +<p>She, when Apostles shrank, could danger brave—</p> +<p>Last at His cross, and earliest at His grave!"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">C.A.H.</p> +<p>"<i>Incidit in Scyllam</i>" (Vol. ii., p. 85.).—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Incidit in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim;</p> +<p>Sie morbum fugiens, incidit in medicos."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Has any of your readers met with, or heard of the second short +line, appendant and appurtenant to the first? I think it was Lord +Grenville who quoted them as found somewhere together.</p> +<p class="author">FORTUNATUS DWARRIS.</p> +<p><i>Nicholas Brigham's Works.</i>—Nicholas Brigham, who +erected the costly tomb in Poets' Corner to the memory of Geoffrey +Chaucer (which it is now proposed to repair by a subscription of +five shillings from the admirers of the poet), is said to have +written, besides certain miscellaneous poems, <i>Memoirs by way of +Diary</i>, in twelve Books; and a treatise <i>De Venationibus Rerum +Memorabilium</i>. Can any of the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" +state whether any of these, the titles of which are certainly +calculated to excite our curiosity, are known to be in existence, +and, if so, where? It is presumed that they have never been +printed.</p> +<p class="author">PHILO-CHAUCER.</p> +<p><i>Ciric-Sceat, or Church-scot.</i>—Can any of your +readers explain the following passage from Canute's Letter to the +Archbishops, &c. of England, A.D. 1031. (<i>Wilkins Conc.</i> +t. i. p. 298):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Et in festivitate Sancti Martini primitæ seminum ad +ecclesiam, sub cujus parochia quisque degit, quæ Anglice +<i>Cure scet</i> nominatur."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">J.B.</p> +<p class="note">[If our correspondent refers to the glossary in the +second vol. of Mr. Thorpe's admirable edition of the <i>Anglo-Saxon +Laws</i>, which he edited for the Record Commission under the title +of <i>Ancient Laws and Institutes of England</i>, he will find s.v. +"<i>Ciric-Sceat—Primitiæ Seminum</i> church-scot or +shot, an ecclesiastical due payable on the day of St. Martin, +consisting chiefly of corn;" a satisfactory answer to his Query, +and a reference to this very passage from Canute.]</p> +<p><i>Welsh Language.</i>—Perhaps some of your correspondents +would favour me with a list of the best books treating on the Welsh +literature and language; specifying the best grammar and +dictionary.</p> +<p class="author">JARLTZBERG.</p> +<p><i>Armenian Language.</i>—This copious and +widely-circulated language is known to but few in this country. If +this meets the eye of one who is acquainted with it, will he kindly +direct me whither I may find notices of it and its literature? +Father Aucher's <i>Grammar, Armenian and English</i> (Venice, +1819), is rather meagre in its details. I have heard it stated, I +know not on what authority, that Lord Byron composed the English +part of this grammar. This grammar contains the two Apocryphal +Epistles found in the Armenian Bible, of the Corinthians to St. +Paul, and St. Paul to the Corinthians. Like the Greek and German, +"the different modes of producing compound epithets and words are +the treasure and ornament of the Armenian language; a thousand +varieties of compounded words may be made in this tongue," p. 10. I +believe we have no other grammar of this language in English.</p> +<p class="author">JARLTZBERG</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>REPLIES</h2> +<h3>A TREATISE ON EQUIVOCATION.</h3> +<p>My attention has recently been drawn to the inquiry of J.M. +(Vol. i., p. 260.) respecting the work bearing this name. He +inquires, "Was the book ever extant in MS. or print? What is its +size, date, and extent?" These questions may in part be answered by +the following extracts from Parsons's <i>Treatise tending to +Mitigation</i>, 1607, to <span class="pagenum"><a name="page137" +id="page137"></a>{137}</span> which J.M. refers as containing, +"perhaps, all the substance of the Roman equivocation," &c. It +appears from these extracts that the treatise was circulated in +MS.; that it consisted of ten chapters, and was on eight or nine +sheets of paper. If Parsons' statements are true, he, who was then +at Douay, or elsewhere out of England, had not seen it till three +years after it was referred to publicly by Sir E. Coke, in 1604. +Should the description aid in discovering the tract in any library, +it may in answering J.M.'s second Query, "Is it now extant, and +where?"</p> +<p>(Cap. i. § iii. p. 440.):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"To hasten then to the matter, I am first to admonish the +reader, that whereas this minister doth take upon him to confute a +certain Catholicke manuscript Treatise, made in defence of +Equivocation, and intercepted (as it seemeth) by them, I could +never yet come to the sight therof, and therfore must admit," +&c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>And (p 44):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"This Catholicke Treatise, which I have hope to see ere it be +long, and if it come in time, I may chance by some appendix, to +give you more notice of the particulars."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>In the conclusion (cap. xiii. §ix. p. 553.):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"And now at this very instant having written hitherto, cometh to +my handes the Catholicke Treatise itselfe of <i>Equivocation</i> +before meneyoned," &c.... "Albeit the whole Treatise itselfe be +not large, nor conteyneth above 8 or 9 sheetes of written +paper."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>And (§ xi. p. 554.):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Of ten chapters he omitteth three without mention."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">I.B.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>FURTHER NOTES ON THE DERIVATION OF THE WORD "NEWS."</h3> +<p>I have too much respect for the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" +to consider it necessary to point out <i>seriatim</i> the false +conclusions arrived at by MR. HICKSON, at page 81.</p> +<p>The origin of "news" may now be safely left to itself, one thing +at least being certain—that the original purpose of +introducing the subject, that of disproving its alleged derivation +from the points of the compass, is fully attained. No person has +come forward to defend <i>that</i> derivation, and therefore I hope +that the credit of expunging such a fallacy from books of reference +will hereafter be due to "NOTES AND QUERIES".</p> +<p>I cannot avoid, however, calling Mr. Hickson's attention to one +or two of the most glaring of his <i>non-sequiturs</i>.</p> +<p>I quoted the Cardinal of York to show that in his day the word +"newes" was considered plural. MR. HICKSON quotes <i>me</i> to show +that in the present day it is used in the singular; therefore, he +thinks that the Cardinal of York was wrong: but he must pardon me +if I still consider the Cardinal an unexceptional authority as to +the usage of his own time.</p> +<p>MR. HICKSON asserts that "odds" is not an English word; he +classifies it as belonging to a language known by the term "slang," +of which he declares his utter disuse. And he thinks that when used +at all, the word is but an ellipsis for "<i>odd chances</i>." This +was not the opinion of the great English lexicographer, who +describes the word as—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Odds; a noun substantive, from the adjective odd."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>and he defines its meaning as "inequality," or +incommensurateness. He cites many examples of its use in its +various significations, with any of which MR. HICKSON's +substitution would play strange pranks; here is one from +Milton:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"I chiefly who enjoy</p> +<p>So far the happier lot, enjoying thee</p> +<p>Pre-eminent by so much odds."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Then with respect to "noise," MR. HICKSON scouts the idea of its +being the same word with the French "noise." Here again he is at +odds with Doctor Johnson, although I doubt very much that he has +the odds of him. MR. HICKSON rejects altogether the <i>quasi</i> +mode of derivation, nor will he allow that the same word may (even +in different languages) deviate from its original meaning. But, +most unfortunately for MR. HICKSON, the obsolete French +signification of "noise" was precisely the present English one! A +French writer thus refers to it:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A une époque plus reculée ce mot avait un sens +différent: il signifiait <i>bruit, cries de joie</i>, +&c. Joinville dit dans son <i>Histoire de Louis +IX</i>.,—'La noise que ils (les Sarrazins) menoient de leurs +cors sarrazinnoiz estoit espouvantable à escouter.' Les +Anglais nous ont emprunté cette expression et l'emploient +<i>dans sa première acception</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>MR. HICKSON also lays great stress upon the absence, in English, +of "the new" as a singular of "the news." In the French, however, +"<i>la nouvelle</i>" is common enough in the exact sense of news. +Will he allow nothing for the caprice of idiom?</p> +<p class="author">A.E.B.</p> +<p>Leeds, July 8. 1850.</p> +<p><i>News, Noise</i> (Vol. ii., p. 82.).—I think it will be +found that MR. HICKSON is misinformed as to the fact of the +employment of the Norman French word <i>noise</i>, in the French +sense, in England.</p> +<p><i>Noyse</i>, <i>noixe</i>, <i>noas</i>, or <i>noase</i>, (for I +have met with each form), meant then quarrel, dispute, or, as a +school-boy would say, a row. It was derived from <i>noxia</i>. +Several authorities agree in these points. In the <i>Histoire de +Foulques Fitz-warin</i>, Fouque asks "Quei fust <i>la noyse</i> qe +fust devaunt le roi en la sale?" which with regard to the context +can only be fairly translated by "What is going on in <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page138" id="page138"></a>{138}</span> the +King's hall?" For his respondent recounts to him the history of a +quarrel, concerning which messengers had just arrived with a +challenge.</p> +<p>Whether the Norman word <i>noas</i> acquired in time a wider +range of signification, and became the English <i>news</i>, I +cannot say but stranger changes have occurred. Under our Norman +kings <i>bacons</i> signified dried wood, and <i>hosebaunde</i> a +husbandman, then a term of contempt.</p> +<p class="author">B.W.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>"NEWS," "NOISE," AND "PARLIAMENT."</h3> +<p>1. <i>News.</i>—I regret that MR. HICKSON perseveres in +his extravagant notion about <i>news</i>, and that the learning and +ingenuity which your correspondent P.C.S.S., I have no doubt +justly, gives him credit for, should be so unworthily employed.</p> +<p>Does MR. HICKSON really "very much doubt whether our word +<i>news</i> contains the idea of <i>new</i> at all?" What then has +it got to do with <i>neues</i>?</p> +<p>Does MR. HICKSON'S mind, "in its ordinary mechanical action," +really think that the entry of "old newes, or stale newes" in an +old dictionary is any proof of <i>news</i> having nothing to do +with <i>new</i>? Does he then separate <i>health</i> from +<i>heal</i> and <i>hale</i>, because we speak of "bad health" and +"ill health"?</p> +<p>Will MR. HICKSON explain why <i>news</i> may not be treated as +an elliptical expression for <i>new things</i>, as well as +<i>greens</i> for <i>green vegetables</i>, and <i>odds</i> for +<i>odd chances</i>?</p> +<p>When MR. HICKSON says <i>dogmaticè</i>, "For the adoption +of words we have no rule, and we act just as our convenience or +necessity dictates; but in their formation we <i>must strictly</i> +conform to the laws we find established,"—does he +deliberately mean to say that there are no exceptions and anomalies +in the formation of language, except importations of foreign words? +If he means this, I should like to hear some reasons for this +wonderful simplification of grammar.</p> +<p>Why may not "convenience or necessity" sometimes lead us to +swerve from the ordinary rules of the formulation of language, as +well as to import words bodily, and, according to MR. HICKSON'S +views of the origin of <i>news</i>, without reference to context, +meaning, part of speech, or anything else?</p> +<p>Why may we not have the liberty of forming a plural noun +<i>news</i> from the adjective <i>new</i>, though we have never +used the singular <i>new</i> as a noun, when the French have +indulged themselves with the plural noun of adjective formation, +<i>les nouvelles</i>, without feeling themselves compelled to make +<i>une nouvelle</i> a part of their language?</p> +<p>Why may we not form a plural noun <i>news</i> from <i>new</i>, +to express the same idea which in Latin is expressed by +<i>nova</i>, and in French by <i>les nouvelles</i>?</p> +<p>Why may not goods be a plural noun formed from the adjective +<i>good</i>, exactly as the Romans formed <i>bona</i> and the +Germans have formed <i>Güter</i>?</p> +<p>Why does MR. HICKSON compel us to treat goods as singular, and +make us go back to the Gothic? Does he say that <i>die +Güter</i>, the German for <i>goods</i> or <i>possessions</i>, +is singular? Why too must riches be singular, and be the French +word <i>richesse</i> imported into our language? Why may we not +have a plural noun <i>riches</i>, as the Romans had +<i>divitæ</i>, and the Germans have <i>die Reichthumer</i>? +and what if <i>riches</i> be irregularly formed from the adjective +<i>rich</i>? Are there, MR. HICKSON, no irregularities in the +formation of a language? Is this really so?</p> +<p>If "from convenience or necessity" words are and may be imported +from foreign languages bodily into our own, why might not our +forefathers, feeling the convenience or necessity of having words +corresponding to <i>bona</i>, <i>nova</i>, <i>divitiæ</i>, +have formed <i>goods</i>, <i>news</i>, <i>riches</i>, from +<i>good</i>, <i>new</i>, <i>rich</i>?</p> +<p><i>News</i> must be singular, says MR. HICKSON; but <i>means</i> +"is beyond all dispute plural," for Shakspeare talks of "a mean:" +with <i>news</i>, however, there is the slight difficulty of the +absence of the noun <i>new</i> to start from. Why is the absence of +the singular an insuperable difficulty in the way of the formation +of a plural noun from an adjective, any more than of plural nouns +otherwise formed, which have no singulars, as <i>clothes</i>, +<i>measles</i>, <i>alms</i>, &c. What says MR. HICKSON of these +words? Are they all singular nouns and imported from other +languages? for he admits no other irregularity in the formation of +a language.</p> +<p>2. <i>Noise.</i>—I agree with MR. HICKSON that the old +derivations of <i>noise</i> are unsatisfactory, but I continue to +think his monstrous. I fear we cannot decide in your columns which +of us has the right German pronunciation of <i>neues</i>; and I am +sorry to find that you, Mr. Editor, are with MR. HICKSON in giving +to the German <i>eu</i> the exact sound of <i>oi</i> in +<i>noise</i>. I remain unconvinced, and shall continue to pronounce +the <i>eu</i> with less fullness than <i>oi</i> in <i>noise</i>. +However, this is a small matter, and I am quite content with MR. +HICKSON to waive it. The derivation appears to me nonsensical, and +I cannot but think would appear so to any one who was not bitten by +a fancy.</p> +<p>I do not profess, as I said before, to give the root of +<i>noise</i>. But it is probably the same as of <i>noisome</i>, +<i>annoy,</i> the French <i>nuire</i>, Latin <i>nocere</i>, which +brings us again to <i>noxa</i>; and the French word <i>noise</i> +has probably the same root, though its specific meaning is +different from that of our word <i>noise</i>. Without venturing to +assert it dogmatically, I should expect the now usual meaning of +<i>noise</i> to be its primary meaning, viz. "a loud sound" or +"disturbance;" and this accords with my notion of its alliances. +The French word <i>bruit</i> has both the meanings of our word +<i>noise</i>; and <i>to bruit</i> and <i>to noise</i> are with us +interchangeable terms. The French <i>bruit</i> also has the sense +of <i>a disturbance</i> more definitely than our word <i>noise</i>. +"Il y a du bruit" means "There is a row." <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page139" id="page139"></a>{139}</span> I mention +<i>bruit</i> and its meanings merely as a parallel case to +<i>noise</i>, if it be, as I think, that "a loud sound" is its +primary, and "a rumour" its secondary meaning.</p> +<p>I have no doubt there are many instances, and old ones, among +our poets, and prose writers too, of the use of the noun +<i>annoy</i>. I only remember at present Mr. +Wordsworth's—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"There, at Blencatharn's rugged feet,</p> +<p>Sir Lancelot gave a safe retreat</p> +<p>To noble Clifford; from annoy</p> +<p>Concealed the persecuted boy."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>3. <i>Parliament.</i>—FRANCISCUS's etymology of Parliament +(Vol. ii., p. 85.) is, I think, fit companion for MR. HICKSON's +derivations of <i>news</i> and <i>noise</i>. I take FRANCISCUS for +a wag: but lest others of your readers may think him serious, and +be seduced into a foolish explanation of the word <i>Parliament</i> +by his joke, I hope you will allow me to mention that <i>palam +mente</i>, literally translated, means <i>before the mind</i>, and +that, if FRANCISCUS or any one else tries to get "freedom of +thought or deliberation" out of this, or to get Parliament out of +it, or even to get sense out of it, he will only follow the fortune +which FRANCISCUS says has befallen all his predecessors, and +stumble <i>in limine</i>. The presence of <i>r</i>, and the turning +of <i>mens</i> into <i>mentum</i>, are minor difficulties. If +FRANCISCUS be not a wag, he is perhaps an anti-ballot man, bent on +finding an argument against the ballot in the etymology of +<i>Parliament</i>: but whatever he be, I trust your readers +generally will remain content with the old though humble +explanation of <i>parliament</i>, that it is a modern Latinisation +of the French word <i>parlement</i>, and that it literally means a +talk-shop, and has nothing to do with open or secret voting, though +it be doubtless true that Roman judges voted <i>clam vel palam</i>, +and that <i>palam</i> and <i>mens</i> are two Latin words.</p> +<p class="author">C.H.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>SHAKSPEARE'S USE OF THE WORD "DELIGHTED."</h3> +<p>"<i>Delighted</i>" (Vol. ii., p. 113.).—I incline to think +that the word <i>delighted</i> in Shakspeare represents the Latin +participle <i>delectus</i> (from <i>deligere</i>), "select, choice, +exquisite, refined." This sense will suit all the passages cited by +MR. HICKSON, and particularly the last. If this be so, the +suggested derivations from the adjective <i>light</i>, and from the +substantive <i>light</i>, fall to the ground: but MR. HICKSON will +have been right in distinguishing Shakspeare's <i>delighted</i> +from the participle of the usual verb <i>to delight, +delectare</i>=gratify. The roots of the two are distinct: that of +the former being <i>leg-ere</i> "to choose;" of the latter, +<i>lac-ere</i> "to tice."</p> +<p class="author">B.H. KENNEDY.</p> +<p><i>Meaning of the Word "Delighted."</i>—I am not the only +one of your readers who have read with deep interest the important +contributions of MR. HICKSON, and who hope for further remarks on +Shakspearian difficulties from the same pen. His papers on the +<i>Taming of the Shrew</i> were of special value; and although I do +not quite agree with all he has said on the subject, there can be +no doubt of the great utility of permitting the discussion of +questions of the kind in such able hands.</p> +<p>Perhaps you would kindly allow me to say thus much; for the +remembrance of the papers just alluded to renders a necessary +protest against that gentleman's observations on the meaning of the +word <i>delighted</i> somewhat gentler. I happen to be one of the +unfortunates (a circumstance unknown to MR. HICKSON, for the work +in which my remarks on the passage are contained is not yet +published) who have indulged in what he terms the "cool +impertinence" of explaining <i>delighted</i>, in the celebrated +passage in <i>Measure for Measure</i>, by "delightful, sweet, +pleasant;" and the explanation appears to me to be so obviously +correct, that I am surprised beyond measure at the terms he applies +to those who have adopted it.</p> +<p>But MR. HICKSON says,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"I pass by the nonsense that the greatest master of the English +language did not heed the distinction between the past and the +present participles, as not worth second thought."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I trust I am not trespassing on courtesy when I express a fear +that a sentence like this exhibits the writer's entire want of +acquaintance with the grammatical system employed by the great poet +and the writers of his age. We must not judge Shakspeare's grammar +by Cobbett or Murray, but by the vernacular language of his own +times. It is perfectly well known that Shakspeare constantly uses +the passive for the active participle, in the same manner that he +uses the present tense for the passive participle, and commits +numerous other offences against correct grammar, judging by the +modern standard. If MR. HICKSON will read the first folio, he will +find that the "greatest master of the English language" uses plural +nouns for singular, the plural substantive with the singular verb, +and the singular substantive with the plural verb. In fact, so +numerous are these instances, modern editors have been continually +compelled to alter the original merely in deference to the ears of +modern readers. They have not altered <i>delighted</i> to +<i>delightful</i>; but the meaning is beyond a doubt. "Example is +better than precept," and perhaps, if MR. HICKSON will have the +kindness to consult the following passages with attention, he may +be inclined to arrive at the conclusion, it is not so very dark an +offence to assert that Shakspeare did use the passive participle +for the active; not in ignorance, but because it was an ordinary +practice in the literary compositions of his age.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"To your <i>professed</i> bosoms I commit him."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>King Lear</i>, Act i. Sc. 1.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page140" id= +"page140"></a>{140}</span></div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"I met the youthful lord at Laurence' cell,</p> +<p>And gave him what <i>becomed</i> love I might.</p> +<p>Not stepping o'er the bounds of modesty."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Romeo and Juliet</i>, Act iv. Sc. 3.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Thus ornament is but the <i>guiled</i> shore</p> +<p>To a most dangerous sea."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Merchant of Venice</i>, Act iii. Sc. 2.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Then, in despite of <i>brooded</i> watchful day,</p> +<p>I would into thy bosom pour my thoughts."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>King John</i>, Act iii. Sc. 3.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And careful hours, with time's <i>deformed</i> hand,</p> +<p>Have written strange defeatures in my face."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Comedy of Errors</i>, Act v. Sc. 1.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>In all these passages, as well as in that in <i>Measure for +Measure</i>, the simple remark, that the poet employed a common +grammatical variation, is all that is required for a complete +explanation.</p> +<p class="author">J.O. HALLIWELL.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>Execution of Charles I.—Sir T. Herbert's "Memoir of +Charles I</i>." (Vol. ii. pp., 72. 110.).—Is P.S.W.E. aware +that Mr. Hunter gives a tradition, in his <i>History of +Hallamshire</i>, that a certain William Walker, who died in 1700, +and to whose memory there was an inscribed brass plate in the +parish church of Sheffield, was the executioner of Charles I.? The +man obtained this reputation from having retired from political +life at the Restoration, to his native village, Darnall, near +Sheffield, where he is said to have made death-bed disclosures, +avowing that he beheaded the King. The tradition has been +supported, perhaps suggested, by the name of Walker having occurred +during the trials of some of the regicides, as that of the real +executioner.</p> +<p>Can any one tell me whether a narrative of the last days of +Charles I., and of his conduct on the scaffold, by Sir Thomas +Herbert, has ever been published in full? It is often quoted and +referred to (see "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. i., p. 436.), but the +owner of the MS., with whom I am well acquainted, informs me that +it has never been submitted to publication, but that some extracts +have been secretly obtained. In what book are these printed? The +same house which contains Herbert's MS. (a former owner of it +married Herbert's widow), holds also the stool on which King +Charles knelt at his execution, the shirt in which he slept the +night before, and other precious relics of the same unfortunate +personage.</p> +<p class="author">ALFRED GATTY.</p> +<p>Ecclesfield, July 11. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Execution of Charles I.</i> (Vol. ii., p 72.).—In +Ellis's <i>Letters illustrative of English History</i> Second +Series, vol. iii. p. 340-41., P.S.W.E. will find the answer to his +inquiry. Absolute certainty is perhaps unattainable on the subject; +but no mention occurs of the Earl of Stair, nor is it probable that +any one of patrician rank would be retained as the operator on such +an occasion. We need hardly question that Richard Brandon was the +executioner. Will P.S.W.E. give his authority for the "report" to +which he refers?</p> +<p class="author">MATFELONENSIS.</p> +<p><i>Simon of Ghent</i> (Vol. ii., p. 56.).—"Simon +Gandavensis, patria Londinensis, sed patre Flandro Gandavensi +natus, a. 1297. Episcopus Sarisburiensis."—Fabric. <i>Bibl. +Med. et Infint. Latin.</i>, lib. xviii. p. 532.</p> +<p><i>Chevalier de Cailly</i> (Vol. ii., p. 101.)—Mr. De St. +Croix will find an account of the Chevalier Jacque de Cailly, who +died in 1673, in the <i>Biographie Universelle</i>; or a more +complete one in Goujet (<i>Bibliothèque +Françoise</i>, t. xvii. p. 320.).</p> +<p class="author">S.W.S.</p> +<p><i>Collar of Esses</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 89. 110.).—The +question of B. has been already partly answered in an obliging +manner by [Greek: ph]., who has referred to my papers on the Collar +of Esses and other Collars of Livery, published a few years ago in +the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>. Permit me to add that I have such +large additional collections on the same subject that the whole +will be sufficient to form a small volume, and I intend to arrange +them in that shape. As a direct answer to B.'s question—"Is +there any list extant of persons who were honoured with that +badge?" I may reply, No. Persons were not, in fact, "honoured with +the badge," in the sense that persons are now decorated with stars, +crosses, or medals; but the livery collar was <i>assumed</i> by +parties holding a certain position. So far as can be ascertained, +these were either knights attached to the royal household or +service, who wore gold or gilt collars, or esquires in the like +position, who wore silver collars. I have made collections for a +list of such pictures, effigies, and sepulchral brasses as exhibit +livery collars, and shall be thankful for further communications. +To [Greek: ph].'s question—"Who are the persons <i>now</i> +privileged to wear these collars?" I believe the reply must be +confined to—the judges, the Lord Mayor of London, the Lord +Mayor of Dublin, the kings, and heralds of arms. If any other +officers of the royal household still wear the collar of Esses, I +shall be glad to be informed.</p> +<p class="author">JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS.</p> +<p class="note">[To the list of persons now privileged to wear such +collars given by Mr. Nichols, must be added the Serjeants of Arms, +of whose creation by investiture with the Collar of Esses, Pegge +has preserved so curious an account in the Fifth Part of his +<i>Curialia</i>.]</p> +<p><i>Hell paved with good Intentions</i> (Vol. ii., p. +86.).—The history of the phrase which Sir Walter Scott +attributed "to a stern old divine," and which J.M.G. moralises +upon, and asserts to be a misquotation for "the <i>road</i> to +hell," &c., is this:—Boswell, <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page141" id="page141"></a>{141}</span> in his +<i>Life of Johnson</i> (<i>sub</i> 15th April, 1775), says that +Johnson, in allusion to the unhappy failure of pious resolves, said +to an acquaintance, "Sir, hell is paved with good intentions." Upon +which Malone adds a note:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"This is a proverbial saying. 'Hell,' says Herbert, 'is full of +good meanings and wishings.'—<i>Jacula Prudentum</i>, p. 11. +ed. 1631."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>but he does not say where else the proverbial saying is to be +found. The last editor, Croker, adds,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Johnson's phrase has become so proverbial, that it may seem +rather late to ask what it means—why '<i>paved</i>?' perhaps +as making the <i>road</i> easy, <i>facilis descensus +Averni</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>The Plant "Hæmony"</i> (Vol. ii., p. 88.).—I +think MR. BASHAM, who asks for a reference to the plant +"hæmony", referred to by Milton in his <i>Comus</i>, will +find the information which he seeks in the following extract from +Henry Lyte's translation of Rembert Dodoen's <i>Herbal</i>, at page +107, of the edition of 1578. The plant is certainly not called by +the name of "hæmony," nor is it described as having prickles +on its leaves; but they are plentifully shown in the engraving +which accompanies the description.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>Allysson.</i>—The stem of this herbe is right and +straight, parting itself at the top into three or foure small +branches. The leaves be first round, and after long whitish and +<i>rough</i>, or somewhat woolly in handling. It bringeth foorth at +the top of the branches little <i>yellow</i> floures, and afterward +small rough whitish and flat huskes, and almost round fashioned +like bucklers, wherein is contained a flat seede almost like to the +seed of castell or stocke gilloflers, but greater.</p> +<p>"Alysson, as Dioscorides writeth, groweth upon rough mountaynes, +and is not found in this countrey but in the gardens of some +herboristes.</p> +<p>"The same hanged in the house, or at the gate or entry, keepeth +man and beast from <i>enchantments and witching</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">K.P.D.E.</p> +<p>As a "Note" to DR. BASHAM'S "Query", I would quote Ovid's +<i>Metamorph.</i>, lib vii. l. 264-5.:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Illic Hæmoniá radices valle resectas.</p> +<p>Seminaque, et flores, et succos incoquit acres."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">T.A.</p> +<p><i>Practice of Scalping amongst the Scythians—Scandinavian +Mythology.</i>—In Vol. ii., p. 12., I desired to be informed +whether this practice has prevailed amongst any people besides the +American Indians. As you have established no rule against an +inquirer's replying to his own Query, (though, unfortunately for +other inquirers, self-imposed by some of your correspondents) I +shall avail myself of your permission, and refer those who are +interested in the subject to Herodotus, <i>Melpomene 64</i>, where +they will find that the practice of scalping prevailed amongst the +Scythians. This coincidence of manners serves greatly to +corroborate the hypothesis that America was peopled originally from +the northern parts of the old continent. He has recorded also their +horrid custom of drinking the blood of their enemies, and making +drinking vessels of their skulls, reminding us of the war-song of +the savage of Louisiana:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"I shall devour their (my enemies') hearts, dry their flesh, +drink their blood; I shall tear off their scalps, and make cups of +their skulls." (Bossu's <i>Travels</i>.) "Those," says this +traveller through Louisiana, "who think the Tartars have chiefly +furnished America with inhabitants, seem to have hit the true +opinion; you cannot believe how great the resemblance of the Indian +manners is to those of the ancient Scythians; it is found in their +religious ceremonies, their customs, and in their food. Hornius is +full of characteristics that may satisfy your curiosity in this +respect, and I desire you to read him."—Vol. i. p. 400.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>But the subject of the "Origines Americanæ" is not what I +now beg to propose for consideration; it is the +tradition-falsifying assertion of Mr. Grenville Pigott, in his +<i>Manual of Scandinavian Mythology</i> (as quoted by D'Israeli in +the <i>Amenities of English Literature</i>, vol. i. p. 51, 52.), +that the custom with which the Scandinavians were long reproached, +of drinking out of the skulls of their enemies, has no other +foundation than a blunder of Olaus Wormius, who, translating a +passage in the death-song of Regner Lodbrog,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Soon shall we drink out of the curved trees of the head,"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>turned the trees of the head into a skull, and the skull into a +hollow cup; whilst the Scald merely alluded to the branching horns, +growing as trees from the heads of aninals, that is, the curved +horns which formed their drinking cups.</p> +<p class="author">T.J.</p> +<p><i>Cromwell's Estates.—Magor</i> (Vol. ii., p. +126.).—I have at length procured the following information +respecting <i>Magor</i>. It is a parish in the lower division of +the hundred of Caldicot, Monmouthshire. Its church, which is +dedicated to St. Mary, is in the patronage of the Duke of +Beaufort.</p> +<p class="author">SELEUCUS.</p> +<p><i>"Incidis in Scyllam," &c.</i> (Vol. ii., p. +85.).—MR. C. FORBES says he "should be sorry this fine old +proverb should be passed over with no better notice than seems to +have been assigned to it in Boswell's <i>Johnson</i>," and then he +quotes some account of it from the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>. I +beg leave to apprise MR. FORBES that there is no notice whatsoever +of it in Boswell's <i>Johnson</i>, though it is introduced +(<i>inter alia</i>) in a note of <i>Mr. Malone's</i> in the later +editions of Boswell; but that note contains in substance all that +MR. FORBES'S communication repeats. See the later <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page142" id="page142"></a>{142}</span> editions +of Boswell, under the date of 30th March, 1783.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>Dies Iræ</i> (Vol. ii., p. 72. 105.).—Will you +allow me to enter my protest against the terms "extremely beautiful +and magnificent," applied by your respectable correspondents to the +<i>Dies Iræ</i>, which, I confess, I think not deserving any +such praise either for its poetry or its piety. The first triplet +is the best, though I am not sure that even the merit of that be +not its <i>jingle</i>, in which King David and the Sybil are +strangely enough brought together to testify of the day of +judgment. Some of the triplets appear to me very poor, and hardly +above macaronic Latin.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>Fabulous Account of the Lion.</i>—Many thanks to J. +EASTWOOD (Vol. i., p. 472.) for his pertinent reply to my Query. +The anecdote he refers to is mentioned in the +<i>Archæological Journal</i>, vol. i. 1845, p. 174., in a +review of the French work <i>Vitraux Peints de S. Etienne de +Bourges</i>, &c. No reference is given there; but I should +fancy Philippe de Thaun gives the fable.</p> +<p class="author">JARLTZBERG.</p> +<p><i>Caxton's Printing-office</i> (Vol. ii., p. 122.).—The +abbot of Westminster who allowed William Caxton to set up his press +in the almonry within the abbey of Westminster, was probably John +Esteney, who became abbot in the year 1475, and died in 1498. If +the date mentioned by Stow for the introduction of printing into +England by Caxton, viz. 1471, could be shown to be that in which he +commenced his printing at Westminster, Abbot Milling (who resigned +the abbacy for the bishopric of Hereford in 1475) would claim the +honour of having been his first patron: but the earliest +ascertained date for his printing at Westminster is 1477. In the +<i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for April, 1846, I made this +remark:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"There can, we think, be no doubt that the device used by +Caxton, and afterwards by Wynkyn de Worde, (W. 4.7 C.) was intended +for the figures 74, (though Dibdin, p. cxxvii, seems incredulous in +the matter), and that its allusion was to the year 1474 which may +very probably have been that in which his press was set up in +Westminster."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Will the Editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES" now allow me to modify +this suggestion? The figures "4" and "7" are interlaced, it is +true, but the "4" decidedly precedes the other figure, and is +followed by a point (.). I thinly it not improbable that this +cypher, therefore, is so far enigmatic, that the figure "4" may +stand for <i>fourteen hundred</i> (the century), and that the "7" +is intended to read doubled, as <i>seventy-seven</i>. In that case, +the device, and such historical evidence as we possess, combine in +assigning the year 1477 for the time of the erection of Caxton's +press at Westminster, in the time of Abbot Esteney. If <i>The Game +and Play of the Chesse</i> was printed at Westminster, it would +still be 1474. In the paragraph quoted by ARUN (Vol. ii., p. 122.) +from Mr. C. Knight's <i>Life of Caxton</i>, Stow is surely +incorrectly charged with naming Abbot Islip in this matter. Islip's +name has been introduced by the error of some subsequent writer; +and this is perhaps attributable to the extraordinary inadvertence +of Dart, the historian of the abbey, who in his <i>Lives of the +Abbots of Westminster</i> has altogether omitted Esteney,—a +circumstance which may have misled any one hastily consulting his +book.</p> +<p class="author">JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MISCELLANEOUS</h2> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> +<p><i>The Fawkes's of York in the Sixteenth Century, including +Notices of the Early History of Guye Fawkes, the Gunpowder Plot +Conspirator</i>, is the title of a small volume written, it is +understood, by a well-known and accomplished antiquary resident in +that city. The author has brought together his facts in an +agreeable manner, and deserves the rare credit of being content to +produce a work commensurate with the extent and interest of his +subject.</p> +<p>We learn from our able and well-informed contemporary, <i>The +Athenæum</i> that "one curious fact has already arisen out of +the proposal for the restoration of Chaucer's Monument,—which +invests with a deeper interest the present undertaking. One of the +objections formerly urged against taking steps to restore the +perishing memorial of the Father of English Poetry in Poets' Corner +was, that it was not really his tomb, but a monument erected to do +honour to his memory a century and a half after his death. An +examination, however, of the tomb itself by competent authorities +has proved this objection to be unfounded:—inasmuch as there +can exist no doubt, we hear, from the difference of workmanship, +material, &c., that the altar tomb is the original tomb of +Geoffrey Chaucer,—and that instead of Nicholas Brigham having +erected an entirely new monument, he only added to that which then +existed the overhanging canopy, &c. So that the sympathy of +Chaucer's admirers is now invited to the restoration of what till +now was really not known to exist—<i>the original tomb</i> of +the Poet,—as well as to the additions made to it by the +affectionate remembrance of Nicholas Brigham."</p> +<p>Messrs. Ward and Co., of Belfast, announce the publication, to +subscribers only, of a new work in Chromo-Lithography, containing +five elaborately tinted plates printed in gold, silver, and +colours, being exact fac-similes of an <i>Ancient Irish +Ecclesiastical Bell</i>, which is supposed to have belonged to +Saint Patrick and the four sides of the jewelled shrine in which it +is preserved, accompanied by a historical and descriptive Essay by +the Rev. William Reeves, D.D., M.R.I.A. By an Irish inscription on +the back of the case or shrine of the bell, which Doctor Reeves has +translated, he clearly proves that the case or shrine was made in +the end of the eleventh century, and that the bell itself is +several hundred years older; and also that it has <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page143" id="page143"></a>{143}</span> been in +the hands of the Mulhollands since the time the case or shrine was +made; that they bore the same name, and are frequently mentioned as +custodians of this bell in the "<i>Annals of the Four +Masters</i>."</p> +<p>We have received the following Catalogues:—William +Heath's, 29. Lincoln Inn Fields, Select Catalogue, No. 4., of +Second-Hand Books, perfect, and in good condition. Thomas Cole's, +15. Great Turnstile, Catalogue of a Strange Collection from the +Library of a Curious Collector. John Petheram's, 94. High Holborn, +Catalogue of a Collection of British (engraved) Portraits. +Cornish's (Brothers), 37. New Street, Birmingham, List No. IX. for +1850 of English and Foreign Books.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> +<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h4> +<h4>(In continuation of Lists in former Nos.)</h4> +<h4>Odd Volumes.</h4> +<p>BLOOMFIELD'S RECENSIO SYNOPTICA, Vols. III. and IX.</p> +<p>Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," +186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS</h3> +<p>VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, <i>with Title-page and +very copious Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, +and may be had, by order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen.</i></p> +<p><i>Erratum</i>.—No. 38. p. 113. col. 2. l. 37., for +"participle" read "particle."</p> +<hr class="adverts" /> +<p>MR. A.K. JOHNSTON'S NEW GENERAL GAZETTEER.</p> +<p>In One Large Volume 8vo. of 1,440 pages, comprising nearly +50,000 Names of Places, price 36<i>s.</i> cloth; or half-russia, +41<i>s.</i></p> +<p>A NEW DICTIONARY of GEOGRAPHY, Descriptive, Physical, +Statistical, and Historical; forming a complete General Gazetteer +of the World. By ALEXANDER KEITH JOHNSTON, F.R.S.E., F.R.G.S., +F.G.S., Geographer at Edinburgh in Ordinary to Her Majesty.</p> +<p>"He appears to have executed in a very laudable manner the task +which he has undertaken, and to have taken every precaution +possible to secure accuracy and precision of +statement."—<i>Times.</i></p> +<p>London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.</p> +<hr /> +<p>ROCHEFOUCAULD'S MAXIMS, WITH NOTES.</p> +<p>Just published, in fcp. 8vo. price 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> +cloth,</p> +<p>MORAL REFLECTIONS, SENTENCES, AND MAXIMS of FRANCIS DUC DE LA +ROCHEFOUCAULD.</p> +<p>Newly translated from the French. With an Introduction and +Notes.</p> +<p>London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.</p> +<hr /> +<p>In Post 8vo., price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>THE FAWKES'S OF YORK IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY; Including Notices +of the Early History of GUYE FAWKES, the Gunpowder Plot +Conspirator. By ROBERT DAVIES, Esq., F.S.A.</p> +<p>Published by J.B. NICHOLS and J.G. NICHOLS, 25. +Parliament-street, Westminster.</p> +<hr /> +<p>PARKER'S EDUCATIONAL CATALOGUE, including the Books produced +under the Sanction of the Committee of Council on Education, and +the Publications of the Committee of General Literature and +Education appointed by the Society for Promoting Christian +Knowledge, will be sent free of Postage, on application to the +Publisher, 445. West Strand, London.</p> +<hr /> +<p>CAMBRIDGE BOOKS RECENTLY PUBLISHED.</p> +<p>I.</p> +<p>A TREATISE ON MORAL EVIDENCE. Illustrated by numerous Examples +both of General Principles and of Specific Actions. By EDWARD +ARTHUR SMEDLEY, M.A., late Chaplain of Trinity College, Cambridge. +8vo. 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>"The very grave and important questions opened by Mr. Smedley +... he treats them with considerable ability, and in a tone and +temper befitting their great interest and solemn +character."—<i>Guardian.</i></p> +<p>"Lucid in style, and forcible in argument, this treatise is +distinguished by great felicity of illustration ... a masterly +specimen of reasoning ... a most valuable contribution of the +theological literature of this country."—<i>Morning +Post.</i></p> +<p>II.</p> +<p>FOUR SERMONS preached before the University of Cambridge, in +November, 1849. By the Rev. J.J. BLUNT, B.D., Margaret Professor of +Divinity.</p> +<p>1. The CHURCH OF ENGLAND—the COMMUNION OF SAINTS<br /> +2. The CHURCH OF ENGLAND—its TITLE AND DESCENT.<br /> +3. The CHURCH OF ENGLAND—its TEXT—the BIBLE.<br /> +4. The CHURCH OF ENGLAND—its COMMENTARY—the +PRAYER-BOOK.</p> +<p>Price 5<i>s.</i></p> +<p>III.</p> +<p>By the same Author.</p> +<p>FIVE SERMONS preached before the University of Cambridge. The +First Four in November, 1845. The Fifth on the General Fast Day, +Wednesday, March 24, 1847. 8vo. 5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>IV.</p> +<p>Second Edition.</p> +<p>THE APOLOGY OF TERTULLIAN, with English Notes and a Preface. +Intended as an Introduction to the Study of Patristical and +Ecclesiastical Latinity. By H.A. WOODHAM, LL.D., late Fellow of +Jesus College, Cambridge. 8vo., 8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>V.</p> +<p>AN ANALYSIS of PALMER'S ORIGINES LITURGICÆ; or, +Antiquities of the English Ritual; and of his DISSERTATION on +PRIMITIVE LITURGIES: for the Use of Students at the Universities, +and Candidates for Holy Orders, who have read the original Work. By +W. BEAL, LL.D., F.S.A., Vicar of Brooke, Norfolk. 12mo., price +3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>VI.</p> +<p>FULWOOD'S ROMA RUIT: Wherein all the Several Pleas of the Pope's +Authority in England are revised and answered. By FRANCIS FULWOOD, +D.D., Archdeacon of Totnes, in Devon. Edited, with additional +matter, by CHARLES HARDWICK, M.A., Fellow of St. Catherine's Hall, +Cambridge. 8vo., 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>This Work will serve the purpose of a Text-Book on the subject +of the Papal Jurisdiction, reproducing, in a short and well +digested form, nearly all the arguments of our best Divines.</p> +<hr /> +<p>PREPARING FOR PUBLICATION.</p> +<p>THOUGHTS ON THE STUDIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. By ADAM +SEDGWICK, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of Trinity College, and Woodwardian +Professor, Cambridge. The Fifth Edition, with a Copious Preliminary +Dissertation. Nearly ready.</p> +<p>LITURGIÆ BRITANNICÆ; or the several EDITIONS of the +BOOK of COMMON PRAYER of the CHURCH of ENGLAND, from its +Compilation to the last Revision; together with the Liturgy set +forth for the Use of the Church of Scotland: arranged to show their +respective variations. By W. KEELING, B.D., Fellow of St. John's +College. Second Edition.</p> +<p>JOHN DEIGHTON.</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page144" id= +"page144"></a>{144}</span> +<p>NEW WORKS AND NEW EDITIONS.</p> +<p>YOUNG ITALY. By A. BAILLIE COCHRANE, M.P. Post 8vo., 10<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>JOURNAL OF SUMMER TIME IN THE COUNTRY. By R.A. WILLMOTT, +Incumbent of St. Catherine's, Bearwood. 5<i>s.</i></p> +<p>GAZPACHO, OR SUMMER MONTHS IN SPAIN. By W.G. CLARK, M.A., Fellow +of Trinity College, Cambridge. 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>AUVERGNE, PIEDMONT, AND SAVOY. A Summer Ramble. By C.R. 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With Hints on the Personal Care and +Management of those afflicted with Derangement. By the late MEDICAL +SUPERINTENDANT of an Asylum for the Insane. 3<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>THE NEW CRATYLUS. Contributions towards a more Accurate +Knowledge of the Greek Language. By J. W. DONALDSON, D.D., Head +Master of King Edward's School, Bury St. Edmund's. Second Edition, +enlarged. 8vo., 18<i>s.</i></p> +<p>ÆSCHYLUS: translated into English Verse. With Notes, a +Life of Æschylus, and a Discourse on Greek Tragedy. By J.S. +BLACKIE, Professor of Latin Language in Marischal College, +Aberdeen. Two Vols. Post 8vo., 16<i>s.</i></p> +<p>AGAMEMNON OF ÆSCHYLUS, the Greek Text. With a Translation +into English Verse, and Notes. By JOHN CONINGTON, M.A., Fellow of +the University College, Oxford. 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>ANTIGONE OF SOPHOCLES, in Greek and English, with Notes. By J.W. +DONALDSON, D.D. 8vo., 9<i>s.</i></p> +<p>PHÆDRUS, LYSIS, AND PROTAGORAS OF PLATO. A New and Literal +Translation. By J. WRIGHT, B.A., Head Master of Sutton Coldfield +School. 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>ARISTOPHANIS COMOEDIÆ UNDECIM. Textum usibus Scholarum +accommodabat H.A. HOLDEN, A.M. Coll. SS. Trin. Cant. Socius, 8vo., +15<i>s.</i></p> +<p>C. CORNELII TACITI OPERA, ad Codices Antiquissimos exacta et +emendata, Commentario Critico et exegetico illustrata. Edidit +FRANCISCUS RITTER, Professor Bonnensis. Complete in Four Volumes. +8vo., 28<i>s.</i></p> +<p>THE FABLES OF BABRIUS. Edited, with Notes, by G.C. LEWIS, M.P. +5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>NEANDER'S JULIAN THE APOSTATE, AND HIS GENERATION: an Historical +Picture. Translated by G.V. COX, M.A. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>HOMERIC BALLADS. The Greek Text, with a Metrical Translation, +and Notes. By the late Dr. MAGINN. 6<i>s.</i></p> +<p>THE CAMBRIDGE GREEK and ENGLISH TESTAMENT. Printed in Parallel +Columns on the same Page Edited for the Syndics of the University +Press, by Professor SCHOLEFIELD, M.A. Third Edition, improved, +7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>LONDON: JOHN W. PARKER, WEST STRAND.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8. New Street Square, at +No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City +of London; and published by George Bell. of No. 186. Fleet Street, +in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, +Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, July +27. 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 39. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 39. Saturday, July 27, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: October 13, 2004 [EBook #13736] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 39. *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team and The Internet Library of Early Journals + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 39.] SATURDAY, JULY 27, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {129} + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- + Etymology of "Whitsuntide" and "Mass." 129 + Folk Lore:--Sympathetic Cures--Cure for Ague--Eating + Snakes a Charm for growing young. 130 + Long Meg of Westminster, by E.F. Rimbault. 131 + A Note on Spelling,--"Sanatory," "Connection." 131 + Minor Notes:--Pasquinade on Leo XII.--Shakspeare + a Brass-rubber--California--Mayor of Misrule and + Masters of the Pastimes--Roland and Oliver. 131 + +QUERIES:-- + The Story of the Three Men and their Bag of Money. 132 + The Geometrical Foot, by A. De Morgan. 133 + Minor Queries:--Plurima Gemma--Emmote de Hastings--Boozy + Grass--Gradely--Hats worn by Females--Queries + respecting Feltham's Works--Eikon + Basilice--"Welcome the coming, speed the parting + Guest"--Carpets and Room-paper--Cotton of Finchley--Wood + Carving in Snow Hill--Walrond Family--Translations--Bonny + Dundee--Graham of Claverhouse--Franz von Sickingen--Blackguard--Meaning + of "Pension"--Stars and Stripes of the American + Arms--Passages from Shakspeare--Nursery Rhyme--"George" + worn by Charles I.--Family of Manning + of Norfolk--Salingen a Sword Cutler--Billingsgate--"Speak + the Tongue that Shakspeare spoke"--Genealogical + Queries--Parson, the Staffordshire Giant--Unicorn + in the Royal Arms--The Frog and the Crow of + Ennow--"She ne'er with treacherous Kiss," &c. 133 + +REPLIES:-- + A treatise on Equivocation. 136 + Further Notes on the Derivation of the Word "News." 137 + "News," "Noise," and "Parliament." 138 + Shakpeare's Use of the Word "Delighted" by Rev. Dr. + Kennedy and J.O. Halliwell. 139 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Execution of Charles I.--Sir + T. Herbert's Memoir of Charles I.--Simon of + Ghent--Chevalier de Cailly--Collar of Esses--Hell + paved with good Intentions--The Plant "Haemony"--Practice + of Scalping among the Scythians--Scandinavian + Mythology--Cromwell's Estates--Magor--"Incidis + in Scyllam"--Dies Irae--Fabulous Account + of the Lion--Caxton's Printing-Office. 140 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, Sales, &c. 142 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 143 + Answers to Correspondents. 143 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +ETYMOLOGY OF "WHITSUNTIDE" AND "MASS". + +Perhaps the following Note and Query on the much-disputed origin of the +word _Whitsunday_, as used in our Liturgy, may find a place in your +Journal. None of the etymologies of this word at present in vogue is at +all satisfactory. They are-- + +I. _White Sunday_: and this, either-- + +1. From the garments of _white linen_, in which those who were at that +season admitted to the rite of holy baptism were clothed; (as typical of +the spiritual purity therein obtained:) or,-- + +2. From the glorious light of heaven, sent down from the father of +Lights on the day of Pentecost: and "those vast diffusions of light and +knowledge, which were then shed upon the Apostles, in order to the +enlightening of the world." (Wheatley.) Or,-- + +3. From the custom of the rich bestowing on this day all the milk of +their kine, then called _white meat_, on the poor. (Wheatley, from +Gerard Langbain.) + +II. _Huict Sunday_: from the French, _huit_, eight; i.e. the eighth +Sunday from Easter. (L'Estrange, _Alliance Div. Off._) + +III. There are others who see that neither of these explanations can +stand; because the ancient mode of spelling the word was not +_Whit_-sunday, but _Wit_-sonday (as in Wickliff), or _Wite_-sonday +(which is as old as _Robert of Gloucester_, c. A.D. 1270). Hence,-- + +1. Versteran's explanation:--That it is _Wied_ Sunday, _i.e. Sacred_ +Sunday (from Saxon, _wied_, or _wihed_, a word I do not find in +Bosworth's _A.-S. Dict._; but so written in Brady's _Clovis Calendaria_, +as below). But why should this day be distinguished as sacred beyond all +other Sundays in the year? + +2. In _Clavis Calendaria_, by John Brady (2 vols. 8vo. 1815), I find, +vol. i. p. 378., "Other authorities contend," he does not say who those +authorities are, "that the original name of this season of the year was +_Wittentide_; or the time of choosing the _wits_, or wise men, to the +_Wittenagemote_." + +Now this last, though evidently an etymology inadequate to the +importance of the festival, appears to me to furnish the right clue. The +day of Pentecost was the day of the outpouring of the Divine Wisdom and +Knowledge on the Apostles; the day on which was given to them that HOLY +SPIRIT, by which was "revealed" to them "_The wisdom of God_ ... even +the _hidden wisdom_, which GOD ordained before the world." 1 Cor. ii. +7.[1] It was the day on which was fulfilled the promise {139} made to +them by CHRIST that "The Comforter, which is the HOLY GHOST, whom the +Father will send in my name, he shall _teach you all things_, and bring +all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you." John, +xiv. 26. When "He, the Spirit of Truth, came, who should _guide_ them +_into all truth_." John xvi. 13. And the consequence of this "unction +from the Holy One" was, that they "knew all things," and "needed not +that any man should teach them." 1 John, ii. 20. 27. + +_Whit-sonday_ was, therefore, the day on which the Apostles were endued +by God with _wisdom_ and knowledge: and my Query is, whether the root of +the word may not be found in the Anglo-Saxon verb,-- + +_Witan_, to know, understand (whence our _wit_, in its old meaning of +good sense, or cleverness and the expression "having one's _wits_ about +one," &c.); or else, perhaps, from-- + +_Wisian_, to instruct, show, inform; (Ger. _weisen_). Not being an +Anglo-Saxon scholar, I am unable of myself to trace the formation of the +word _witson_ from either of these roots: and I should feel greatly +obliged to any of your correspondents who might be able and willing to +inform me, whether that form is deduceable from either of the above +verbs; and if so, what sense it would bear in our present language. I am +convinced, that _wisdom day_, or _teaching day_, would afford a very far +better reason for the name now applied to Pentecost, than any of the +reasons commonly given. I should observe, that I think it incorrect to +say Whit-Sunday. It should be Whitsun (Witesone) Day. If it is Whit +Sunday, why do we say Easter Day, and not Easter Sunday? Why do we say +Whitsun-Tide? Why does our Prayer Book say Monday and Tuesday in +Whitsun-week (just as before, Monday and Tuesday in Easter-week)? And +why do the lower classes, whose "vulgarisms" are, in nine cases out of +ten, more correct than our refinements, still talk about Whitsun Monday +and Whitsun Tuesday, where the more polite say, Whit Monday and Tuesday? + +Query II. As I am upon etymologies, let me ask, may not the word _Mass_, +used for the Lord's Supper--which Baronius derives from the Hebrew +_missach_, an oblation, and which is commonly derived from the "missa +missorum"--be nothing more nor less than _mess_ (_mes_, old French), the +meal, the repast, the supper? We have it still lingering in the phrase, +"an officers' mess;" i.e. a meal taken in common at the same table; and +so, "to mess together," "messmate," and so on. Compare the Moeso-Gothic +_mats_, food: and _maz_, which Bosworth says (_A.-S. Dic._ sub voc. +_Mete_) is used for bread, food, in Otfrid's poetical paraphrase of the +Gospels, in Alemannic or High German, published by Graff, Konigsberg, +1831. + +H.T.G. + +Clapton. + + [Footnote 1: The places in the New Testament, where Divine + Wisdom and Knowledge are referred to the outpouring of God's + Spirit, are numberless. Cf. Acts, vi. 3., 1 Cor. xii. 8., Eph. + i. 8, 9., Col. i. 9., &c. &c.] + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Sympathetic Cures._--Possibly the following excerpt may enable some of +your readers and Folklore collectors to testify to the yet lingering +existence, in localities still unvisited by the "iron horse," of a +superstition similar to the one referred to below. I transcribe it from +a curious, though not very rare volume in duodecimo, entitled _Choice +and Experimental Receipts in Physick and Chirurgery, as also Cordial and +Distilled Waters and Spirits, Perfumes, and other Curiosities_. +Collected by the Honourable and truly learned Sir Kenelm Digby, Kt., +Chancellour to Her Majesty the Queen Mother. London: Printed for H. +Brome, at the Star in Little Britain, 1668. + + "_A Sympathetic Cure for the Tooth-ach._--With an iron nail + raise and cut the gum from about the teeth till it bleed, and + that some of the blood stick upon the nail, then drive it into a + wooden beam up to the head; after this is done you never shall + have the toothach in all your life." The author naively adds + "But whether the man used any spell, or said any words while he + drove the nail, I know not; only I saw done all that is said + above. This is used by severall certain persons." + +Amongst other "choice and experimental receipts" and "curiosities" which +in this little tome are recommended for the cure of some of the "ills +which flesh is heir to," one directs the patient to + + "Take two parts of the moss growing on the skull of a dead man + (pulled as small as you can with the fingers)." + +Another enlarges on the virtue of + + "A little bag containing some powder of toads calcined, so that + the bag lay always upon the pit of the stomach next the skin, + and presently it took away all pain as long as it hung there but + if you left off the bag the pain returned. A bag continueth in + force but a month after so long time you must wear a fresh one." + +This, he says, a "person of credit" told him. + +HENRY CAMPKIN. + +Reform Club, June 21. 1850. + + +_Cure for Ague._--One of my parishioners, suffering from ague, was +advised to catch a large spider and shut him up in a box. As he pines +away, the disease is supposed to wear itself out. + +B. + +L---- Rectory, Somerset, July 8. 1850. + + +_Eating Snakes a Charm for growing young._--I send you the following +illustrations of this curious receipt for growing young. Perhaps some of +your correspondents will furnish me with some others, and some +additional light on the subject. Fuller says,-- + + "A gentlewoman told an ancient batchelour, who looked _very + young_, that she thought _he had eaten a snake_: 'No, mistris,' + (said he), 'it is because I never {131} meddled with any snakes + which maketh me look so young.'"--_Holy State_, 1642, p. 36. + + He hath left off o' late to _feed on snakes_; + His beard's turned white again. + + _Massinger, Old Law_, Act v. Sc. 1. + + "He is your loving brother, sir, and will tell nobody + But all he meets, that you have eat a _snake_, + And are grown young, gamesome, and rampant." + + _Ibid, Elder Brother_, Act iv. Sc. 4. + +JARLTZBERG. + + * * * * * + +LONG MEG OF WESTMINSTER. + +Mr. Cunningham, in his _Handbook of London_ (2nd edition, p. 540.), has +the following passage, under the head of "Westminster Abbey:" + + "_Observe._--Effigies in south cloister of several of the early + abbots; large blue stone, uninscribed, (south cloister), marking + the grave of Long Meg of Westminster, a noted virago of the + reign of Henry VIII." + +This amazon is often alluded to by our old writers. Her life was printed +in 1582; and she was the heroine of a play noticed in Henslowe's +_Diary_, under the date February 14, 1594. She also figured in a ballad +entered on the Stationers' books in that year. In _Holland's Leaguer_, +1632, mention is made of a house kept by Long Meg in Southwark:-- + + "It was out of the citie, yet in the view of the citie, only + divided by a delicate river: there was many handsome buildings, + and many hearty neighbours, yet at the first foundation it was + renowned for nothing so much as for the memory of that famous + amazon _Longa Margarita_, who had there for many yeeres kept a + famous _infamous_ house of open hospitality." + +According to Vaughan's _Golden Grove_, 1608,-- + + "Long Meg of Westminster kept alwaies twenty courtizans in her + house, whom, by their pictures, she sold to all commers." + +From these extracts the occupation of Long Meg may be readily guessed +at. Is it then likely that such a detestable character would have been +buried amongst "goodly friars" and "holy abbots" in the cloisters of our +venerable abbey? I think not: but I leave considerable doubts as to +whether Meg was a real personage.--Query. Is she not akin to Tom Thumb, +Jack the Giant-killer, Doctor Rat, and a host of others of the same +type? + +The stone in question is, I know, on account of its great size, jokingly +called "Long Meg, of Westminster" by the vulgar; but no one, surely, +before Mr. Cunningham, ever _seriously_ supposed it to be her +burying-place. Henry Keefe, in his _Monumenta Westmonasteriensa_, 1682, +gives the following account of this monument:-- + + "That large and stately plain black marble stone (which is + vulgarly known by the name of _Long Meg of Westminster_) on the + north side of _Laurentius_ the abbot, was placed there for + _Gervasius de Blois_, another abbot of this monastery, who was + base son to King Stephen, and by him placed as a monk here, and + afterwards made abbot, who died _anno_ 1160, and was buried + under this stone, having this distich formerly thereon: + + "_De regnum genere pater hic Gervasius ecce + Monstrat defunctus, mors rapit omne genus_." + +Felix Summerly, in his _Handbook for Westminster Abbey_, p. 29., +noticing the cloisters and the effigies of the abbots, says,-- + + "Towards this end there lies a large slab of blue marble, which + is called 'Long Meg' of Westminster. Though it is inscribed to + Gervasius de Blois, abbot, 1160 natural son of King Stephen, he + is said to have been buried under a small stone, and tradition + assigns 'Long Meg' as the gravestone of twenty-six monks, who + were carried off by the plague in 1349, and buried together in + one grave." + +The tradition here recorded may be correct. At any rate, it carries with +it more plausibility than that recorded by Mr. Cunningham. + +EDWARD F. RIMIBAULT. + + [Some additional and curious allusions to this probably mythic + virago are recorded in Mr. Halliwell's _Descriptive Notices of + Popular English Histories_, printed for the Percy Society.] + + * * * * * + +A NOTE ON SPELLING.--"SANATORY," "CONNECTION." + +I trust that "NOTES AND QUERIES" may, among many other benefits, improve +spelling by example as well as precept. Let me make a note on two words +that I find in No. 37.: _sanatory_, p. 99., and _connection_, p. 98. + +Why "_sanatory_ laws?" _Sanare_ is _to cure_, and a curing-place is, if +you like, properly called _sanatorium_. But the Latin for _health_ is +_sanitas_, and the laws which relate to health should be called +_sanitary_. + +Analogy leads us to _connexion_, not _connection_; _plecto_, _plexus_, +_complexion_; _flecto_, _flexus_, _inflexion_; _necto_, _nexus_, +_connexion_, &c.; while the termination _ction_ belongs to words derived +from Latin verbs whose passive participles end in _ctus_ as _lego_, +_lectus_, _collection_; _injecio_, _injectus_, _injection_; _seco_, +_sectus_, _section_, &c. + +CH. + + * * * * * + +Minor Notes. + +_Pasquinade on Leo XII._--The Query put to a Pope (Vol. ii., p. 104.), +which it is difficult to believe could be put orally, reminds me of Pope +Leo XII., who was reported, whether truly or not, to have been the +reverse of scrupulous in the earlier part of his life, but was +remarkably strict after he became Pope, and was much disliked at Rome, +perhaps because, by his maintenance of strict discipline, he abridged +the amusements and questionable indulgences of the people. On account of +his death, {132} which took place just before the time of the carnival +in 1829, the usual festivities were omitted, which gave occasion to the +following pasquinade, which was much, though privately, circulated-- + + "Tre cose mat fecesti, O Padre santo: + Accettar il papato, + Viver tanto, + Morir di Carnivale + Per destar pianto." + +J. Mn. + + +_Shakspeare a Brass-rubber._--I am desirous to notice, if no commentator +has forestalled me, that Shakspeare, among his many accomplishments, was +sufficiently beyond his age to be a brass-rubber: + + "What's on this tomb + I cannot read; the character I'll take with _wax_." + +_Timon of Athens_, v. 4. + +From the "soft impression," however, alluded to in the next scene, his +"wax" appears rather to have been the forerunner of _gutta percha_ than +of _heel-ball_. + +T.S. LAWRENCE. + + +_California._--In the _Voyage round the World_, by Captain George +Shelvocke, begun Feb. 1719, he says of California (_Harris's +Collection_, vol. i. p. 233.):-- + + "The soil about Puerto, Seguro, and very likely in most of the + valleys, is a rich black mould, which, as you turn it fresh up + to the sun, appears as if intermingled with gold dust; some of + which we endeavoured to purify and wash from the dirt; but + though we were a little prejudiced against the thoughts that it + could be possible that this metal should be so promiscuously and + universally mingled with common earth, yet we endeavoured to + cleanse and wash the earth from some of it; and the more we did + the more it appeared like gold. In order to be further satisfied + I brought away some of it, which we lost in our confusion in + China." + +How an accident prevented the discovery, more than a century back, of +the golden harvest now gathering in California! + +E.N.W. + +Southwark. + + +_Mayor of Misrule and Masters of the Pastimes._--the word _Maior_ of +Misrule appears in the Harl. MSS. 2129. as having been on glass in the +year 1591, in Denbigh Church. + + "5 Edw. VI., a gentleman (Geo. Ferrars), lawyer, poet, and + historian, appointed by the Council, and being of better calling + than commonly his predecessors, received his commission by the + name of 'Master of the King's Pastimes.'"--_Strutt's Sports and + Pastimes_, 340. + + "1578. Edward Baygine, cursitor, clerk for writing and passing + the Queen's leases, 'Comptroller of the Queen's pastimes and + revels,' clerk comptroller of her tents and pavilions, + commissioner of sewers, burgess in Parliament."--Gwillim, + _Heraldry_, 1724 edit. + +A.C. + + +_Roland and Oliver_.--Canciani says there is a figure in the church +porch at Verona which, from being in the same place with _Roland_, and +manifestly of the same age, he supposes may be _Oliver_, armed with a +spiked ball fastened by a chain to a staff of about three feet in +length. _Who are Roland and Oliver_? There is the following derivation +of the saying "a Roland for your Oliver," without any reference or +authority attached, in my note-book:-- + + "--Charlemagne, in his expedition against the Saracens, was + accompanied by two '_steeds_,' some writers say 'pages,' named + Roland and Oliver, who were so excellent and so equally matched, + that the equality became proverbial--'I'll give you a Roland for + your Oliver' being, the same as the vulgar saying, 'I'll give + you tit for tat,' i.e. 'I'll give you the same (whether in a + good or bad sense) as you give me.'" + +JARLTZBERG. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES + +THE STORY OF THE THREE MEN AND THEIR BAG OF MONEY. + +Lord Campbell, in his _Lives of the Chancellors_, relates, in connection +with Queen Elizabeth's Lord Keeper Ellesmere, a very common story, of +which I am surprised he did not at once discern the falsehood. It is +that of a widow, who having a sum of money entrusted to her by three +men, which she was on no account to return except to the joint demand of +the three, is afterwards artfully persuaded by one of them to give it up +to him. Being afterwards sued by the other two, she is successfully +defended by a young lawyer, who puts in the plea that she is not bound +to give up the money at the demand of _only_ two of the parties. In this +case this ingenious gentleman is the future chancellor. The story is +told of the Attorney-General Noy, and of an Italian advocate, in the +notes to Rogers' _Italy_. It is likewise the subject of one of the +smaller tales in Lane's _Arabian Nights_; but here I must remark, that +the Eastern version is decidedly more ingenious than the later ones, +inasmuch as it exculpates the keeper of the deposit from the "laches" of +which in the other cases she was decidedly guilty. Three men enter a +bath, and entrust their bag of money to the keeper with the usual +conditions. While bathing, one feigns to go to ask for a comb (if I +remember right), but in reality demands the money. The keeper properly +refuses, when he calls out to his companions within, "He won't give it +me." They unwittingly respond, "Give it him," and he accordingly walks +off with the money. I think your readers will agree with me that the +tale has suffered considerably in its progress westward. + +My object in troubling you with this, is to ask {133} whether any of +your subscribers can furnish me with any other versions of this popular +story, either Oriental or otherwise. + +BRACKLEY. + +Putney, July 17. + + * * * * * + +THE GEOMETRICAL FOOT. + +In several different places I have discussed the existence and length of +what the mathematicians of the sixteenth century _used_, and those of +the seventeenth _talked about_, under the name of the _geometrical +foot_, of four palms and sixteen digits. (See the _Philosophical +Magazine_ from December 1841 to May 1842; the _Penny Cyclopaedia_, +"Weights and Measures," pp. 197, 198; and _Arthmetical Books_, &c, pp. +5-9.) Various works give a figured length of this foot, whole, or in +halves, according as the page will permit; usually making it (before the +shrinking of the paper is allowed for) a very little less than 9-3/4 +inches English. The works in which I have as yet found it are Reisch, +_Margarita Philosophica_, 1508; Stoeffler's _Elucidatio Astrolabii_, +1524; Fernel's _Monolosphaerium_, 1526; Koebel, _Astrolabii Declaratio_, +1552; Ramus, _Geometricae_, 1621. Query. In what other works of the +sixteenth, or early in the seventeenth century is this foot of palms and +digits to be found, figured in length? What are their titles? What the +several lengths of the foot, half foot, or palm, within the twentieth of +an inch? Are the divisions into palms or digits given; and, if so, are +they accurate subdivisions? Of the six names above mentioned, the three +who are by far the best known are Stoeffler, Fernel, and Ramus; and it so +happens that their subdivisions are _much_ more correct than those of +the other three, and their whole lengths more accordant. + +A. DE. MORGAN. + + * * * * * + +Minor Queries + +_Plurima Gemma._--Who is the author of the couplet which seems to be a +version of Gray's + + "Full many a gem of purest ray serene," &c.? + + "Plurima gemma latet caeca tellure sepulta, + Plurima neglecto fragrat odore rosa." + +S.W.S. + + +_Emmote de Hastings._-- + +"EMMOTE DE HASTINGS GIST ICI" &C. + +A very early slab with the above inscription was found in 1826 on the +site of a demolished transept of Bitton Church, Gloucester. By its side +was laid an incised slab of ---- De Bitton. Both are noticed in the +_Archaeologia_, vols. xxii. and xxxi. + +Hitherto, after diligent search, no notice whatever has been discovered +of the said person. The supposition is that she was either a Miss De +Bitton married to a Hastings, or the widow of a Hastings married +secondly to a De Bitton, and therefore buried with that family, in the +twelfth or thirteenth century. If any antiquarian digger should discover +any mention of the lady, a communication to that effect will be +thankfully received by + +H.T. ELLACOMBE. + +Bitton. + + +_Boozy Grass._--What is the derivation of "boozy grass," which an +outgoing tenant claims for his cattle? Johnson has, "Boose, a stall for +a cow or ox (Saxon)." + +A.C. + + +_Gradely._--What is the meaning, origin, and usage of this word? I +remember once hearing it used in Yorkshire by a man, who, speaking of a +neighbour recently dead, said in a tone which implied esteem: "Aye, he +was a very _gradely_ fellow." + +A.W.H. + + +_Hats worn by Females._--Were not the hats worn by the _females_, as +represented on the Myddelton Brass, peculiar to Wales? An engraving is +given in Pennant's _Tour_, 2 vols., where also may be seen the hat worn +by Sir John Wynne, about 1500, apparently similar to that on the Bacon +Monument, and to that worn by Bankes. A MS. copy of a similar one (made +in 1635, and then called "very auntient") may be seen in the Harleian +MS. No. 1971. (_Rosindale Pedigree_), though apparently not older than +Elizabeth's time. With a coat of arms it was "wrought in backside +work"--the meaning of which is doubtful. What is that of the motto, +"Oderpi du pariver?" + +A.C. + + +_Feltham's Works, Queries respecting._-- + + "He that is courtly or gentle, is among them _like_ a merlin + after Michaelmas in the field with crows."--_A Brief Character + of the Low Countries_, by Owen Feltham. Folio, London, 1661. + +What is the meaning of this proverb? + +As a confirmation of the opinion of some of your correspondents, that +monosyllables give force and nature to language, the same author says, +page 59., of the Dutch tongue,-- + + "Stevin of Bruges reckons up 2170 monosillables, which being + compounded, how richly do they grace a tongue." + +Will any of your correspondents kindly inform me of the titles of Owen +Feltham's works. I have his _Resolves_, and a thin folio volume, 1661, +printed for Anne Seile, 102 pages, containing _Lusoria, or Occasional +Pieces; A Brief Character of the Low Countries_; and some _Letters_. Are +these all he wrote? The poem mentioned by Mr. Kersley, beginning-- + + "When, dearest, I but think of thee," + +is printed among those in the volume I have, with the same remark, that +it had been printed as Sir John Suckling's. + +E.N.W. {134} + + +_Eikon Basilice._-- + +"[Greek: EIKON BASILIKAE], or, _The True Pourtraiture of His Sacred +Majestae Charles the II_. In Three Books. Beginning from his Birth, 1630, +unto this present year, 1660: wherein is interwoven a compleat History +of the High-born Dukes of _York_ and _Glocester_. By R.F., Esq., an +eye-witness. + + "Quo nihil majus meliusve terris + Fata donavere, borique divi + Nee dabunt, quamvis redeant in aurum + Tempora priscum." + + _Horat_. + + "[Greek: Otan tin' Euraes Eupathounta ton kakon + ginske touton to telei taeroumenon]." + + _G. Naz Carm_. + + "----more than conqueror." + +"London, printed for H. Brome and H. March, at the Gun, in Ivy Lane, and +at the Princes' Arms, in Chancery Lane, neer Fleet Street, 1660." + +The cover has "C.R." under a crown. What is the history of this volume. +Is it scarce, or worth nothing? + +A.C. + + + "_Welcome the coming, speed the parting Guest?_" + +--Whence comes the sentence-- + + "Welcome the coming, speed the parting guest?" + +E.N.W. + + +_Carpets and Room-paper._--Carpets were in Edward III.'s reign used in +the palace. What is the exact date of their introduction? When did they +come into general use, and when were rushes, &c., last used? Room-paper, +when was it introduced? + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Cotton of Finchley._--Can some one of your readers give me any +particulars concerning the family of Cotton, which was settled at +Finchley, Middlesex, about the middle of the sixteenth century? + +C.F. + + +_Wood Carving in Snow Hill._--Can any one explain the wood carving over +the door of a house at the corner of Snow Hill and Skinner Street. It is +worth rescuing from the ruin impending it. + +A.C. + + +_Walrond Family._--Can any of your readers inform me what was the maiden +name of _Grace_, the wife of Col. Humphry Walrond, of Sea, in the county +of Somerset, a distinguished loyalist, some time Lieutenant-Governor of +Bridgewater, and Governor of the island of Barbadoes in 1660. She was +living in 1635 and 1668. Also the names of his _ten_ children, or, at +all events, his three youngest. I have reason to believe the seven elder +were George, Humphry, Henry, John, Thomas, Bridget, and Grace. + +W. DOWNING BRUCE. + + +_Translations._--What English translations have appeared of the famous +_Epistolae Obscurorum Virorum_? + +Has _La Chiave del Gabinetto del Signor Borri_ (by Joseph Francis Borri, +the Rosicrucian) ever been translated into English? I make the same +Query as to _Le Compte de Gabalis_, which the Abbe de Rillan founded on +Borri's work? + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Bonny Dundee--Graham of Claverhouse._--Can any of your correspondents +tell me the origin of the term "Bonny Dundee?" Does it refer to the fair +and flourishing town at the mouth of the Tay, or to the remarkable John +Graham of Claverhouse, who was created Viscount of Dundee, after the +landing of the Prince of Orange in England, and whose person is admitted +to have been eminently beautiful, whatever disputes may exist as to his +character and conduct? + +2. Can reference be made to the date of his birth, or, in other words, +to his age when he was killed at Killycrankie, on the 27th of July, +1689. All the biographies which I have seem are silent upon the point. + +W.L.M. + + +_Franz von Sickingen._--Perusing a few of your back numbers, in a reply +of S.W.S. to R.G. (Vol. i., p. 336.), I read: + + "I had long sought for a representation of Sickingen, and at + length found a medal represented in the _Sylloge Numismatum + Elegantiorum of Luckius_," &c. + +I now hope that in S.W.S. I have found the man who is to solve an +obstinate doubt that has long possessed my mind: Is the figure of the +knight in Durer's well-known print of "The Knight, Death, and the +Devil," a portrait? If it be a portrait, is it a portrait of Franz von +Sickingen, as Kugler supposes? The print is said to bear the date 1513. +I have it, but have failed to discover any date at all. + +H.J.H. + +Sheffield. + + +_Blackguard._--When did this word Come into use, and from what? + +Beaumont and Fletcher, in the _Elder Brother_, use it thus:-- + + "It is a Faith + That we will die in, since from the _blackguard_ + To the grim sir in office, there are few + Hold other tenets." + +Thomas Hobbes, in his _Microcosmus_, says,-- + + "Since my lady's decay I am degraded from a cook and I fear the + devil himself will entertain me but for one of his _blackguard_, + and he shall be sure to have his roast burnt." + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Meaning of "Pension."_--The following announcement appeared lately in +the London newspapers:-- + + "GRAY'S INN.--At a _Pension_ of the Hon. Society of Gray's Inn, + holden this day, Henry Wm. Vincent, Esq., her Majesty's + Remembrancer in the Court of Exchequer, was called to the degree + of Barrister at Law." {135} + +I have inquired of one of the oldest benchers of Gray's Inn, now +resident in the city from which I write, for an explanation of the +origin or meaning of the phrase "pension," neither of which was he +acquainted with; informing me at the same time that the Query had often +been a subject discussed among the learned on the dais, but that no +definite solution had been elicited. + +Had the celebrated etymologist and antiquary, Mr. Ritson, formerly a +member of the Society, been living, he might have solved the difficulty. +But I have little doubt that there are many of the erudite, and, I am +delighted to find, willing readers of your valuable publication who will +be able to furnish a solution. + +J.M.G. + +Worcester. + + +_Stars and Stripes of the American Arms._--What is the origin of the +American arms, viz. stars and stripes? + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Passages from Shakspeare._--May I beg for an interpretation of the two +following passages from Shakspeare:-- + + "_Isab._ Else let my brother die, + If not a feodary, but only he, + Owe, and succeed thy weakness." + + _Measure for Measure,_ Act ii. Sc. 4. + + "_Imogen._ Some jay of Italy, + Whose mother was her painting, hath betrayed him." + + _Cymbeline_, Act iii. Sc. 4. + +TREBOR. + +King's College, London. + + +_Nursery Rhyme._--What is the date of the nursery rhyme:-- + + "Come when you're called, + Do what you're bid, + Shut the door after you, + Never be chid?"--Ed. 1754. + +In Howell's _Letters_ (book i. sect. v. letter 18. p. 211. ed. 1754) I +find-- + + He will come when you call him, go when you bid him, and shut + the door after him. + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + + +_"George" worn by Charles I._--I should be glad if any of your +correspondents could give me information as to who is the present +possessor of the "George" worn by Charles I. It was, I believe, in the +possession of the late Marquis Wellesley, but since his death it has +been lost sight of. Such a relic must be interesting to either +antiquaries or royalists. + +SPERANS. + + +_Family of Manning of Norfolk._--Can any of your readers supply me with +an extract from, or the name of a work on heraldry or genealogy, +containing an account of the family of _Manning_ of _Norfolk_. Such a +work was seen by a relative of mine about fifty years since. It related +that a Count Manning, of Manning in Saxony, having been banished from +thence, became king in Friesland, and that his descendants came over to +England, and settled in Kent and _Norfolk_. Pedigrees of the Kentish +branch exist: but that of Norfolk was distinct. Guillim refers to some +of the name in Friesland. + +T.S. LAWRENCE. + + +_Salingen a Sword Cutler._--A sword in my possession, with inlaid basket +guard, perhaps of the early part of the seventeenth century, is +inscribed on the blade "Salingen me fecit." If this is the name of a +sword cutler, who was he, and when and where did he live? + +T.S. LAWRENCE. + + +_Billingsgate._--May I again solicit a reference to any _early_ drawing +of Belins gate? That of 1543 kindly referred by C.S. was already in my +possession. I am also obliged to Vox for his Note. + +W.W. + + +_"Speak the Tongue that Shakspeare spoke."_--Can you inform me of the +author's name who says,-- + + "They speak the tongue that Shakspeare spoke, + The faith and morals hold that Milton held," &c.? + +and was it applied to the early settlers of New England? + +X. + + +_Genealogical Queries._--Can any of your genealogical readers oblige me +with replies to the following Queries? + +1. To what family do the following arms belong? They are given in +Blomfield's _Norfolk_ (ix. 413.) as impaled with the coat of William +Donne, Esq., of Letheringsett, Norfolk, on his tomb in the church there. +He died in 1684. + + On a chevron engrailed, two lioncels rampant, between as many + crescents. + +Not having seen the stone, I cannot say whether Blomfield has blazoned +it correctly; but it seems possible he may have _meant_ to say,-- + + On a chevron engrailed, between two crescents, as many lioncels + rampant. + +2. _Which_ Sir Philip Courtenay, of Powderham, was the father of +Margaret Courtenay, who, in the fifteenth century, married Sir Robert +Carey, Knt.? and who was her mother? + +3. Where can I find a pedigree of the family of Robertson of _Muirtown_, +said to be descended from _John_, second son of Alexander Robertson, of +_Strowan_, by his second wife, Lady Elizabeth Stewart, daughter of John, +Earl of Athol, brother of King James II.? which John is omitted in the +pedigree of the Strowan family, in Burke's _Landed Gentry_. + +C.R.M. + + +_Parson, the Staffordshire Giant._--Harwood, in a note to his edition of +Erdeswick's _Staffordshire_, p. 289., says,-- + + "This place [Westbromwich] gave birth to _William_ Parsons, + [query Walter,] the gigantic porter of King {136} James I., + _whose picture was at Whitehall_; and a bas-relief of him, with + Jeffry Hudson the dwarf, was fixed in the front of a house near + the end of a bagnio court, Newgate-street, probably as a sign." + +Plot, in his _Natural History of Staffordshire_, gives some instances of +the great strength of Parsons. + +I shall feel much obliged if you or your readers will inform me, 1. +Whether there is any mention of Parsons in contemporary, or other works? +2. Whether the portrait is in existence? if so, where? Has it been +engraved? + +C.H.B. + +Westbromwich. + + +_Unicorn in the Royal Arms._--When and why was the fabulous animal +called the unicorn first used as a supporter for the royal arms of +England? + +E.C. + + +_The Frog and the Crow of Ennow._--I should be glad to get an answer to +the following Query from some one of your readers:--I remember some few +old lines of a song I used to hear sung many years ago, and wish to +learn anything as regards its date, authorship,--indeed, any +particulars, and where I shall be likely to find it at length. What I +remember is,-- + + "There was a little frog, lived in the river swim-o, + And there was an old crow lived in the wood of Ennow, + Come on shore, come on shore, said the crow to the frog again-o; + Thank you, sir, thank you, sir, said the frog to the crow of Ennow, + + ... + + But there is sweet music under yonder green willow, + And there are the dancers, the dancers, in yellow." + +M. + + +"_She ne'er with treacherous Kiss_."--Can any of your readers inform me +where the following lines are to be found? + + "She ne'er with treacherous kiss her Saviour stung, + Nor e'er denied Him with unholy tongue; + She, when Apostles shrank, could danger brave-- + Last at His cross, and earliest at His grave!" + +C.A.H. + + +"_Incidit in Scyllam_" (Vol. ii., p. 85.).-- + + "Incidit in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim; + Sie morbum fugiens, incidit in medicos." + +Has any of your readers met with, or heard of the second short line, +appendant and appurtenant to the first? I think it was Lord Grenville +who quoted them as found somewhere together. + +FORTUNATUS DWARRIS. + + +_Nicholas Brigham's Works._--Nicholas Brigham, who erected the costly +tomb in Poets' Corner to the memory of Geoffrey Chaucer (which it is now +proposed to repair by a subscription of five shillings from the admirers +of the poet), is said to have written, besides certain miscellaneous +poems, _Memoirs by way of Diary_, in twelve Books; and a treatise _De +Venationibus Rerum Memorabilium_. Can any of the readers of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" state whether any of these, the titles of which are certainly +calculated to excite our curiosity, are known to be in existence, and, +if so, where? It is presumed that they have never been printed. + +PHILO-CHAUCER. + + +_Ciric-Sceat, or Church-scot._--Can any of your readers explain the +following passage from Canute's Letter to the Archbishops, &c. of +England, A.D. 1031. (_Wilkins Conc._ t. i. p. 298):-- + + "Et in festivitate Sancti Martini primitae seminum ad ecclesiam, + sub cujus parochia quisque degit, quae Anglice _Cure scet_ + nominatur." + +J.B. + + [If our correspondent refers to the glossary in the second vol. + of Mr. Thorpe's admirable edition of the _Anglo-Saxon Laws_, + which he edited for the Record Commission under the title of + _Ancient Laws and Institutes of England_, he will find s.v. + "_Ciric-Sceat--Primitiae Seminum_ church-scot or shot, an + ecclesiastical due payable on the day of St. Martin, consisting + chiefly of corn;" a satisfactory answer to his Query, and a + reference to this very passage from Canute.] + + +_Welsh Language._--Perhaps some of your correspondents would favour me +with a list of the best books treating on the Welsh literature and +language; specifying the best grammar and dictionary. + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Armenian Language._--This copious and widely-circulated language is +known to but few in this country. If this meets the eye of one who is +acquainted with it, will he kindly direct me whither I may find notices +of it and its literature? Father Aucher's _Grammar, Armenian and +English_ (Venice, 1819), is rather meagre in its details. I have heard +it stated, I know not on what authority, that Lord Byron composed the +English part of this grammar. This grammar contains the two Apocryphal +Epistles found in the Armenian Bible, of the Corinthians to St. Paul, +and St. Paul to the Corinthians. Like the Greek and German, "the +different modes of producing compound epithets and words are the +treasure and ornament of the Armenian language; a thousand varieties of +compounded words may be made in this tongue," p. 10. I believe we have +no other grammar of this language in English. + +JARLTZBERG + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES + +A TREATISE ON EQUIVOCATION. + +My attention has recently been drawn to the inquiry of J.M. (Vol. i., p. +260.) respecting the work bearing this name. He inquires, "Was the book +ever extant in MS. or print? What is its size, date, and extent?" These +questions may in part be answered by the following extracts from +Parsons's _Treatise tending to Mitigation_, 1607, to {137} which J.M. +refers as containing, "perhaps, all the substance of the Roman +equivocation," &c. It appears from these extracts that the treatise was +circulated in MS.; that it consisted of ten chapters, and was on eight +or nine sheets of paper. If Parsons' statements are true, he, who was +then at Douay, or elsewhere out of England, had not seen it till three +years after it was referred to publicly by Sir E. Coke, in 1604. Should +the description aid in discovering the tract in any library, it may in +answering J.M.'s second Query, "Is it now extant, and where?" + +(Cap. i. Sec. iii. p. 440.):-- + + "To hasten then to the matter, I am first to admonish the + reader, that whereas this minister doth take upon him to confute + a certain Catholicke manuscript Treatise, made in defence of + Equivocation, and intercepted (as it seemeth) by them, I could + never yet come to the sight therof, and therfore must admit," + &c. + +And (p 44):-- + + "This Catholicke Treatise, which I have hope to see ere it be + long, and if it come in time, I may chance by some appendix, to + give you more notice of the particulars." + +In the conclusion (cap. xiii. Sec.ix. p. 553.):-- + + "And now at this very instant having written hitherto, cometh to + my handes the Catholicke Treatise itselfe of _Equivocation_ + before meneyoned," &c.... "Albeit the whole Treatise itselfe be + not large, nor conteyneth above 8 or 9 sheetes of written + paper." + +And (Sec. xi. p. 554.):-- + + "Of ten chapters he omitteth three without mention." + +I.B. + + * * * * * + +FURTHER NOTES ON THE DERIVATION OF THE WORD "NEWS." + +I have too much respect for the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" to +consider it necessary to point out _seriatim_ the false conclusions +arrived at by MR. HICKSON, at page 81. + +The origin of "news" may now be safely left to itself, one thing at +least being certain--that the original purpose of introducing the +subject, that of disproving its alleged derivation from the points of +the compass, is fully attained. No person has come forward to defend +_that_ derivation, and therefore I hope that the credit of expunging +such a fallacy from books of reference will hereafter be due to "NOTES +AND QUERIES". + +I cannot avoid, however, calling Mr. Hickson's attention to one or two +of the most glaring of his _non-sequiturs_. + +I quoted the Cardinal of York to show that in his day the word "newes" +was considered plural. MR. HICKSON quotes _me_ to show that in the +present day it is used in the singular; therefore, he thinks that the +Cardinal of York was wrong: but he must pardon me if I still consider +the Cardinal an unexceptional authority as to the usage of his own time. + +MR. HICKSON asserts that "odds" is not an English word; he classifies it +as belonging to a language known by the term "slang," of which he +declares his utter disuse. And he thinks that when used at all, the word +is but an ellipsis for "_odd chances_." This was not the opinion of the +great English lexicographer, who describes the word as-- + + "Odds; a noun substantive, from the adjective odd." + +and he defines its meaning as "inequality," or incommensurateness. He +cites many examples of its use in its various significations, with any +of which MR. HICKSON's substitution would play strange pranks; here is +one from Milton:-- + + "I chiefly who enjoy + So far the happier lot, enjoying thee + Pre-eminent by so much odds." + +Then with respect to "noise," MR. HICKSON scouts the idea of its being +the same word with the French "noise." Here again he is at odds with +Doctor Johnson, although I doubt very much that he has the odds of him. +MR. HICKSON rejects altogether the _quasi_ mode of derivation, nor will +he allow that the same word may (even in different languages) deviate +from its original meaning. But, most unfortunately for MR. HICKSON, the +obsolete French signification of "noise" was precisely the present +English one! A French writer thus refers to it:-- + + "A une epoque plus reculee ce mot avait un sens different: il + signifiait _bruit, cries de joie_, &c. Joinville dit dans son + _Histoire de Louis IX_.,--'La noise que ils (les Sarrazins) + menoient de leurs cors sarrazinnoiz estoit espouvantable a + escouter.' Les Anglais nous ont emprunte cette expression et + l'emploient _dans sa premiere acception_." + +MR. HICKSON also lays great stress upon the absence, in English, of "the +new" as a singular of "the news." In the French, however, "_la +nouvelle_" is common enough in the exact sense of news. Will he allow +nothing for the caprice of idiom? + +A.E.B. + +Leeds, July 8. 1850. + + +_News, Noise_ (Vol. ii., p. 82.).--I think it will be found that MR. +HICKSON is misinformed as to the fact of the employment of the Norman +French word _noise_, in the French sense, in England. + +_Noyse_, _noixe_, _noas_, or _noase_, (for I have met with each form), +meant then quarrel, dispute, or, as a school-boy would say, a row. It +was derived from _noxia_. Several authorities agree in these points. In +the _Histoire de Foulques Fitz-warin_, Fouque asks "Quei fust _la noyse_ +qe fust devaunt le roi en la sale?" which with regard to the context can +only be fairly translated by "What is going on in {138} the King's +hall?" For his respondent recounts to him the history of a quarrel, +concerning which messengers had just arrived with a challenge. + +Whether the Norman word _noas_ acquired in time a wider range of +signification, and became the English _news_, I cannot say but stranger +changes have occurred. Under our Norman kings _bacons_ signified dried +wood, and _hosebaunde_ a husbandman, then a term of contempt. + +B.W. + + * * * * * + +"NEWS," "NOISE," AND "PARLIAMENT." + +1. _News._--I regret that MR. HICKSON perseveres in his extravagant +notion about _news_, and that the learning and ingenuity which your +correspondent P.C.S.S., I have no doubt justly, gives him credit for, +should be so unworthily employed. + +Does MR. HICKSON really "very much doubt whether our word _news_ +contains the idea of _new_ at all?" What then has it got to do with +_neues_? + +Does MR. HICKSON'S mind, "in its ordinary mechanical action," really +think that the entry of "old newes, or stale newes" in an old dictionary +is any proof of _news_ having nothing to do with _new_? Does he then +separate _health_ from _heal_ and _hale_, because we speak of "bad +health" and "ill health"? + +Will MR. HICKSON explain why _news_ may not be treated as an elliptical +expression for _new things_, as well as _greens_ for _green vegetables_, +and _odds_ for _odd chances_? + +When MR. HICKSON says _dogmatice_, "For the adoption of words we have no +rule, and we act just as our convenience or necessity dictates; but in +their formation we _must strictly_ conform to the laws we find +established,"--does he deliberately mean to say that there are no +exceptions and anomalies in the formation of language, except +importations of foreign words? If he means this, I should like to hear +some reasons for this wonderful simplification of grammar. + +Why may not "convenience or necessity" sometimes lead us to swerve from +the ordinary rules of the formulation of language, as well as to import +words bodily, and, according to MR. HICKSON'S views of the origin of +_news_, without reference to context, meaning, part of speech, or +anything else? + +Why may we not have the liberty of forming a plural noun _news_ from the +adjective _new_, though we have never used the singular _new_ as a noun, +when the French have indulged themselves with the plural noun of +adjective formation, _les nouvelles_, without feeling themselves +compelled to make _une nouvelle_ a part of their language? + +Why may we not form a plural noun _news_ from _new_, to express the same +idea which in Latin is expressed by _nova_, and in French by _les +nouvelles_? + +Why may not goods be a plural noun formed from the adjective _good_, +exactly as the Romans formed _bona_ and the Germans have formed _Gueter_? + +Why does MR. HICKSON compel us to treat goods as singular, and make us +go back to the Gothic? Does he say that _die Gueter_, the German for +_goods_ or _possessions_, is singular? Why too must riches be singular, +and be the French word _richesse_ imported into our language? Why may we +not have a plural noun _riches_, as the Romans had _divitae_, and the +Germans have _die Reichthumer_? and what if _riches_ be irregularly +formed from the adjective _rich_? Are there, MR. HICKSON, no +irregularities in the formation of a language? Is this really so? + +If "from convenience or necessity" words are and may be imported from +foreign languages bodily into our own, why might not our forefathers, +feeling the convenience or necessity of having words corresponding to +_bona_, _nova_, _divitiae_, have formed _goods_, _news_, _riches_, from +_good_, _new_, _rich_? + +_News_ must be singular, says MR. HICKSON; but _means_ "is beyond all +dispute plural," for Shakspeare talks of "a mean:" with _news_, however, +there is the slight difficulty of the absence of the noun _new_ to start +from. Why is the absence of the singular an insuperable difficulty in +the way of the formation of a plural noun from an adjective, any more +than of plural nouns otherwise formed, which have no singulars, as +_clothes_, _measles_, _alms_, &c. What says MR. HICKSON of these words? +Are they all singular nouns and imported from other languages? for he +admits no other irregularity in the formation of a language. + +2. _Noise._--I agree with MR. HICKSON that the old derivations of +_noise_ are unsatisfactory, but I continue to think his monstrous. I +fear we cannot decide in your columns which of us has the right German +pronunciation of _neues_; and I am sorry to find that you, Mr. Editor, +are with MR. HICKSON in giving to the German _eu_ the exact sound of +_oi_ in _noise_. I remain unconvinced, and shall continue to pronounce +the _eu_ with less fullness than _oi_ in _noise_. However, this is a +small matter, and I am quite content with MR. HICKSON to waive it. The +derivation appears to me nonsensical, and I cannot but think would +appear so to any one who was not bitten by a fancy. + +I do not profess, as I said before, to give the root of _noise_. But it +is probably the same as of _noisome_, _annoy,_ the French _nuire_, Latin +_nocere_, which brings us again to _noxa_; and the French word _noise_ +has probably the same root, though its specific meaning is different +from that of our word _noise_. Without venturing to assert it +dogmatically, I should expect the now usual meaning of _noise_ to be its +primary meaning, viz. "a loud sound" or "disturbance;" and this accords +with my notion of its alliances. The French word _bruit_ has both the +meanings of our word _noise_; and _to bruit_ and _to noise_ are with us +interchangeable terms. The French _bruit_ also has the sense of _a +disturbance_ more definitely than our word _noise_. "Il y a du bruit" +means "There is a row." {139} I mention _bruit_ and its meanings merely +as a parallel case to _noise_, if it be, as I think, that "a loud sound" +is its primary, and "a rumour" its secondary meaning. + +I have no doubt there are many instances, and old ones, among our poets, +and prose writers too, of the use of the noun _annoy_. I only remember +at present Mr. Wordsworth's-- + + "There, at Blencatharn's rugged feet, + Sir Lancelot gave a safe retreat + To noble Clifford; from annoy + Concealed the persecuted boy." + +3. _Parliament._--FRANCISCUS's etymology of Parliament (Vol. ii., p. +85.) is, I think, fit companion for MR. HICKSON's derivations of _news_ +and _noise_. I take FRANCISCUS for a wag: but lest others of your +readers may think him serious, and be seduced into a foolish explanation +of the word _Parliament_ by his joke, I hope you will allow me to +mention that _palam mente_, literally translated, means _before the +mind_, and that, if FRANCISCUS or any one else tries to get "freedom of +thought or deliberation" out of this, or to get Parliament out of it, or +even to get sense out of it, he will only follow the fortune which +FRANCISCUS says has befallen all his predecessors, and stumble _in +limine_. The presence of _r_, and the turning of _mens_ into _mentum_, +are minor difficulties. If FRANCISCUS be not a wag, he is perhaps an +anti-ballot man, bent on finding an argument against the ballot in the +etymology of _Parliament_: but whatever he be, I trust your readers +generally will remain content with the old though humble explanation of +_parliament_, that it is a modern Latinisation of the French word +_parlement_, and that it literally means a talk-shop, and has nothing to +do with open or secret voting, though it be doubtless true that Roman +judges voted _clam vel palam_, and that _palam_ and _mens_ are two Latin +words. + +C.H. + + * * * * * + +SHAKSPEARE'S USE OF THE WORD "DELIGHTED." + +"_Delighted_" (Vol. ii., p. 113.).--I incline to think that the word +_delighted_ in Shakspeare represents the Latin participle _delectus_ +(from _deligere_), "select, choice, exquisite, refined." This sense will +suit all the passages cited by MR. HICKSON, and particularly the last. +If this be so, the suggested derivations from the adjective _light_, and +from the substantive _light_, fall to the ground: but MR. HICKSON will +have been right in distinguishing Shakspeare's _delighted_ from the +participle of the usual verb _to delight, delectare_=gratify. The roots +of the two are distinct: that of the former being _leg-ere_ "to choose;" +of the latter, _lac-ere_ "to tice." + +B.H. KENNEDY. + + +_Meaning of the Word "Delighted."_--I am not the only one of your +readers who have read with deep interest the important contributions of +MR. HICKSON, and who hope for further remarks on Shakspearian +difficulties from the same pen. His papers on the _Taming of the Shrew_ +were of special value; and although I do not quite agree with all he has +said on the subject, there can be no doubt of the great utility of +permitting the discussion of questions of the kind in such able hands. + +Perhaps you would kindly allow me to say thus much; for the remembrance +of the papers just alluded to renders a necessary protest against that +gentleman's observations on the meaning of the word _delighted_ somewhat +gentler. I happen to be one of the unfortunates (a circumstance unknown +to MR. HICKSON, for the work in which my remarks on the passage are +contained is not yet published) who have indulged in what he terms the +"cool impertinence" of explaining _delighted_, in the celebrated passage +in _Measure for Measure_, by "delightful, sweet, pleasant;" and the +explanation appears to me to be so obviously correct, that I am +surprised beyond measure at the terms he applies to those who have +adopted it. + +But MR. HICKSON says,-- + + "I pass by the nonsense that the greatest master of the English + language did not heed the distinction between the past and the + present participles, as not worth second thought." + +I trust I am not trespassing on courtesy when I express a fear that a +sentence like this exhibits the writer's entire want of acquaintance +with the grammatical system employed by the great poet and the writers +of his age. We must not judge Shakspeare's grammar by Cobbett or Murray, +but by the vernacular language of his own times. It is perfectly well +known that Shakspeare constantly uses the passive for the active +participle, in the same manner that he uses the present tense for the +passive participle, and commits numerous other offences against correct +grammar, judging by the modern standard. If MR. HICKSON will read the +first folio, he will find that the "greatest master of the English +language" uses plural nouns for singular, the plural substantive with +the singular verb, and the singular substantive with the plural verb. In +fact, so numerous are these instances, modern editors have been +continually compelled to alter the original merely in deference to the +ears of modern readers. They have not altered _delighted_ to +_delightful_; but the meaning is beyond a doubt. "Example is better than +precept," and perhaps, if MR. HICKSON will have the kindness to consult +the following passages with attention, he may be inclined to arrive at +the conclusion, it is not so very dark an offence to assert that +Shakspeare did use the passive participle for the active; not in +ignorance, but because it was an ordinary practice in the literary +compositions of his age. + + "To your _professed_ bosoms I commit him." + + _King Lear_, Act i. Sc. 1. {140} + + "I met the youthful lord at Laurence' cell, + And gave him what _becomed_ love I might. + Not stepping o'er the bounds of modesty." + + _Romeo and Juliet_, Act iv. Sc. 3. + + "Thus ornament is but the _guiled_ shore + To a most dangerous sea." + + _Merchant of Venice_, Act iii. Sc. 2. + + "Then, in despite of _brooded_ watchful day, + I would into thy bosom pour my thoughts." + + _King John_, Act iii. Sc. 3. + + "And careful hours, with time's _deformed_ hand, + Have written strange defeatures in my face." + + _Comedy of Errors_, Act v. Sc. 1. + +In all these passages, as well as in that in _Measure for Measure_, the +simple remark, that the poet employed a common grammatical variation, is +all that is required for a complete explanation. + +J.O. HALLIWELL. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Execution of Charles I.--Sir T. Herbert's "Memoir of Charles I_." (Vol. +ii. pp., 72. 110.).--Is P.S.W.E. aware that Mr. Hunter gives a +tradition, in his _History of Hallamshire_, that a certain William +Walker, who died in 1700, and to whose memory there was an inscribed +brass plate in the parish church of Sheffield, was the executioner of +Charles I.? The man obtained this reputation from having retired from +political life at the Restoration, to his native village, Darnall, near +Sheffield, where he is said to have made death-bed disclosures, avowing +that he beheaded the King. The tradition has been supported, perhaps +suggested, by the name of Walker having occurred during the trials of +some of the regicides, as that of the real executioner. + +Can any one tell me whether a narrative of the last days of Charles I., +and of his conduct on the scaffold, by Sir Thomas Herbert, has ever been +published in full? It is often quoted and referred to (see "NOTES AND +QUERIES," Vol. i., p. 436.), but the owner of the MS., with whom I am +well acquainted, informs me that it has never been submitted to +publication, but that some extracts have been secretly obtained. In what +book are these printed? The same house which contains Herbert's MS. (a +former owner of it married Herbert's widow), holds also the stool on +which King Charles knelt at his execution, the shirt in which he slept +the night before, and other precious relics of the same unfortunate +personage. + +ALFRED GATTY. + +Ecclesfield, July 11. 1850. + + +_Execution of Charles I._ (Vol. ii., p 72.).--In Ellis's _Letters +illustrative of English History_ Second Series, vol. iii. p. 340-41., +P.S.W.E. will find the answer to his inquiry. Absolute certainty is +perhaps unattainable on the subject; but no mention occurs of the Earl +of Stair, nor is it probable that any one of patrician rank would be +retained as the operator on such an occasion. We need hardly question +that Richard Brandon was the executioner. Will P.S.W.E. give his +authority for the "report" to which he refers? + +MATFELONENSIS. + + +_Simon of Ghent_ (Vol. ii., p. 56.).--"Simon Gandavensis, patria +Londinensis, sed patre Flandro Gandavensi natus, a. 1297. Episcopus +Sarisburiensis."--Fabric. _Bibl. Med. et Infint. Latin._, lib. xviii. p. +532. + +_Chevalier de Cailly_ (Vol. ii., p. 101.)--Mr. De St. Croix will find an +account of the Chevalier Jacque de Cailly, who died in 1673, in the +_Biographie Universelle_; or a more complete one in Goujet +(_Bibliotheque Francoise_, t. xvii. p. 320.). + +S.W.S. + + +_Collar of Esses_ (Vol. ii., pp. 89. 110.).--The question of B. has been +already partly answered in an obliging manner by [Greek: ph]., who has +referred to my papers on the Collar of Esses and other Collars of +Livery, published a few years ago in the _Gentleman's Magazine_. Permit +me to add that I have such large additional collections on the same +subject that the whole will be sufficient to form a small volume, and I +intend to arrange them in that shape. As a direct answer to B.'s +question--"Is there any list extant of persons who were honoured with +that badge?" I may reply, No. Persons were not, in fact, "honoured with +the badge," in the sense that persons are now decorated with stars, +crosses, or medals; but the livery collar was _assumed_ by parties +holding a certain position. So far as can be ascertained, these were +either knights attached to the royal household or service, who wore gold +or gilt collars, or esquires in the like position, who wore silver +collars. I have made collections for a list of such pictures, effigies, +and sepulchral brasses as exhibit livery collars, and shall be thankful +for further communications. To [Greek: ph].'s question--"Who are the +persons _now_ privileged to wear these collars?" I believe the reply +must be confined to--the judges, the Lord Mayor of London, the Lord +Mayor of Dublin, the kings, and heralds of arms. If any other officers +of the royal household still wear the collar of Esses, I shall be glad +to be informed. + +JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS. + + [To the list of persons now privileged to wear such collars + given by Mr. Nichols, must be added the Serjeants of Arms, of + whose creation by investiture with the Collar of Esses, Pegge + has preserved so curious an account in the Fifth Part of his + _Curialia_.] + + +_Hell paved with good Intentions_ (Vol. ii., p. 86.).--The history of +the phrase which Sir Walter Scott attributed "to a stern old divine," +and which J.M.G. moralises upon, and asserts to be a misquotation for +"the _road_ to hell," &c., is this:--Boswell, {141} in his _Life of +Johnson_ (_sub_ 15th April, 1775), says that Johnson, in allusion to the +unhappy failure of pious resolves, said to an acquaintance, "Sir, hell +is paved with good intentions." Upon which Malone adds a note: + + "This is a proverbial saying. 'Hell,' says Herbert, 'is full of + good meanings and wishings.'--_Jacula Prudentum_, p. 11. ed. + 1631." + +but he does not say where else the proverbial saying is to be found. The +last editor, Croker, adds,-- + + "Johnson's phrase has become so proverbial, that it may seem + rather late to ask what it means--why '_paved_?' perhaps as + making the _road_ easy, _facilis descensus Averni_." + +C. + + +_The Plant "Haemony"_ (Vol. ii., p. 88.).--I think MR. BASHAM, who asks +for a reference to the plant "haemony", referred to by Milton in his +_Comus_, will find the information which he seeks in the following +extract from Henry Lyte's translation of Rembert Dodoen's _Herbal_, at +page 107, of the edition of 1578. The plant is certainly not called by +the name of "haemony," nor is it described as having prickles on its +leaves; but they are plentifully shown in the engraving which +accompanies the description. + + "_Allysson._--The stem of this herbe is right and straight, + parting itself at the top into three or foure small branches. + The leaves be first round, and after long whitish and _rough_, + or somewhat woolly in handling. It bringeth foorth at the top of + the branches little _yellow_ floures, and afterward small rough + whitish and flat huskes, and almost round fashioned like + bucklers, wherein is contained a flat seede almost like to the + seed of castell or stocke gilloflers, but greater. + + "Alysson, as Dioscorides writeth, groweth upon rough mountaynes, + and is not found in this countrey but in the gardens of some + herboristes. + + "The same hanged in the house, or at the gate or entry, keepeth + man and beast from _enchantments and witching_." + +K.P.D.E. + + +As a "Note" to DR. BASHAM'S "Query", I would quote Ovid's _Metamorph._, +lib vii. l. 264-5.: + + "Illic Haemonia radices valle resectas. + Seminaque, et flores, et succos incoquit acres." + +T.A. + + +_Practice of Scalping amongst the Scythians--Scandinavian +Mythology._--In Vol. ii., p. 12., I desired to be informed whether this +practice has prevailed amongst any people besides the American Indians. +As you have established no rule against an inquirer's replying to his +own Query, (though, unfortunately for other inquirers, self-imposed by +some of your correspondents) I shall avail myself of your permission, +and refer those who are interested in the subject to Herodotus, +_Melpomene 64_, where they will find that the practice of scalping +prevailed amongst the Scythians. This coincidence of manners serves +greatly to corroborate the hypothesis that America was peopled +originally from the northern parts of the old continent. He has recorded +also their horrid custom of drinking the blood of their enemies, and +making drinking vessels of their skulls, reminding us of the war-song of +the savage of Louisiana:-- + + "I shall devour their (my enemies') hearts, dry their flesh, + drink their blood; I shall tear off their scalps, and make cups + of their skulls." (Bossu's _Travels_.) "Those," says this + traveller through Louisiana, "who think the Tartars have chiefly + furnished America with inhabitants, seem to have hit the true + opinion; you cannot believe how great the resemblance of the + Indian manners is to those of the ancient Scythians; it is found + in their religious ceremonies, their customs, and in their food. + Hornius is full of characteristics that may satisfy your + curiosity in this respect, and I desire you to read him."--Vol. + i. p. 400. + +But the subject of the "Origines Americanae" is not what I now beg to +propose for consideration; it is the tradition-falsifying assertion of +Mr. Grenville Pigott, in his _Manual of Scandinavian Mythology_ (as +quoted by D'Israeli in the _Amenities of English Literature_, vol. i. p. +51, 52.), that the custom with which the Scandinavians were long +reproached, of drinking out of the skulls of their enemies, has no other +foundation than a blunder of Olaus Wormius, who, translating a passage +in the death-song of Regner Lodbrog,-- + + "Soon shall we drink out of the curved trees of the head," + +turned the trees of the head into a skull, and the skull into a hollow +cup; whilst the Scald merely alluded to the branching horns, growing as +trees from the heads of aninals, that is, the curved horns which formed +their drinking cups. + +T.J. + + +_Cromwell's Estates.--Magor_ (Vol. ii., p. 126.).--I have at length +procured the following information respecting _Magor_. It is a parish in +the lower division of the hundred of Caldicot, Monmouthshire. Its +church, which is dedicated to St. Mary, is in the patronage of the Duke +of Beaufort. + +SELEUCUS. + +_"Incidis in Scyllam," &c._ (Vol. ii., p. 85.).--MR. C. FORBES says he +"should be sorry this fine old proverb should be passed over with no +better notice than seems to have been assigned to it in Boswell's +_Johnson_," and then he quotes some account of it from the _Gentleman's +Magazine_. I beg leave to apprise MR. FORBES that there is no notice +whatsoever of it in Boswell's _Johnson_, though it is introduced (_inter +alia_) in a note of _Mr. Malone's_ in the later editions of Boswell; but +that note contains in substance all that MR. FORBES'S communication +repeats. See the later {142} editions of Boswell, under the date of 30th +March, 1783. + +C. + + +_Dies Irae_ (Vol. ii., p. 72. 105.).--Will you allow me to enter my +protest against the terms "extremely beautiful and magnificent," applied +by your respectable correspondents to the _Dies Irae_, which, I confess, +I think not deserving any such praise either for its poetry or its +piety. The first triplet is the best, though I am not sure that even the +merit of that be not its _jingle_, in which King David and the Sybil are +strangely enough brought together to testify of the day of judgment. +Some of the triplets appear to me very poor, and hardly above macaronic +Latin. + +C. + + +_Fabulous Account of the Lion._--Many thanks to J. EASTWOOD (Vol. i., p. +472.) for his pertinent reply to my Query. The anecdote he refers to is +mentioned in the _Archaeological Journal_, vol. i. 1845, p. 174., in a +review of the French work _Vitraux Peints de S. Etienne de Bourges_, &c. +No reference is given there; but I should fancy Philippe de Thaun gives +the fable. + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Caxton's Printing-office_ (Vol. ii., p. 122.).--The abbot of +Westminster who allowed William Caxton to set up his press in the +almonry within the abbey of Westminster, was probably John Esteney, who +became abbot in the year 1475, and died in 1498. If the date mentioned +by Stow for the introduction of printing into England by Caxton, viz. +1471, could be shown to be that in which he commenced his printing at +Westminster, Abbot Milling (who resigned the abbacy for the bishopric of +Hereford in 1475) would claim the honour of having been his first +patron: but the earliest ascertained date for his printing at +Westminster is 1477. In the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for April, 1846, I +made this remark: + + "There can, we think, be no doubt that the device used by + Caxton, and afterwards by Wynkyn de Worde, (W. 4.7 C.) was + intended for the figures 74, (though Dibdin, p. cxxvii, seems + incredulous in the matter), and that its allusion was to the + year 1474 which may very probably have been that in which his + press was set up in Westminster." + +Will the Editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES" now allow me to modify this +suggestion? The figures "4" and "7" are interlaced, it is true, but the +"4" decidedly precedes the other figure, and is followed by a point (.). +I thinly it not improbable that this cypher, therefore, is so far +enigmatic, that the figure "4" may stand for _fourteen hundred_ (the +century), and that the "7" is intended to read doubled, as +_seventy-seven_. In that case, the device, and such historical evidence +as we possess, combine in assigning the year 1477 for the time of the +erection of Caxton's press at Westminster, in the time of Abbot Esteney. +If _The Game and Play of the Chesse_ was printed at Westminster, it +would still be 1474. In the paragraph quoted by ARUN (Vol. ii., p. 122.) +from Mr. C. Knight's _Life of Caxton_, Stow is surely incorrectly +charged with naming Abbot Islip in this matter. Islip's name has been +introduced by the error of some subsequent writer; and this is perhaps +attributable to the extraordinary inadvertence of Dart, the historian of +the abbey, who in his _Lives of the Abbots of Westminster_ has +altogether omitted Esteney,--a circumstance which may have misled any +one hastily consulting his book. + +JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +_The Fawkes's of York in the Sixteenth Century, including Notices of the +Early History of Guye Fawkes, the Gunpowder Plot Conspirator_, is the +title of a small volume written, it is understood, by a well-known and +accomplished antiquary resident in that city. The author has brought +together his facts in an agreeable manner, and deserves the rare credit +of being content to produce a work commensurate with the extent and +interest of his subject. + +We learn from our able and well-informed contemporary, _The Athenaeum_ +that "one curious fact has already arisen out of the proposal for the +restoration of Chaucer's Monument,--which invests with a deeper interest +the present undertaking. One of the objections formerly urged against +taking steps to restore the perishing memorial of the Father of English +Poetry in Poets' Corner was, that it was not really his tomb, but a +monument erected to do honour to his memory a century and a half after +his death. An examination, however, of the tomb itself by competent +authorities has proved this objection to be unfounded:--inasmuch as +there can exist no doubt, we hear, from the difference of workmanship, +material, &c., that the altar tomb is the original tomb of Geoffrey +Chaucer,--and that instead of Nicholas Brigham having erected an +entirely new monument, he only added to that which then existed the +overhanging canopy, &c. So that the sympathy of Chaucer's admirers is +now invited to the restoration of what till now was really not known to +exist--_the original tomb_ of the Poet,--as well as to the additions +made to it by the affectionate remembrance of Nicholas Brigham." + +Messrs. Ward and Co., of Belfast, announce the publication, to +subscribers only, of a new work in Chromo-Lithography, containing five +elaborately tinted plates printed in gold, silver, and colours, being +exact fac-similes of an _Ancient Irish Ecclesiastical Bell_, which is +supposed to have belonged to Saint Patrick and the four sides of the +jewelled shrine in which it is preserved, accompanied by a historical +and descriptive Essay by the Rev. William Reeves, D.D., M.R.I.A. By an +Irish inscription on the back of the case or shrine of the bell, which +Doctor Reeves has translated, he clearly proves that the case or shrine +was made in the end of the eleventh century, and that the bell itself is +several hundred years older; and also that it has {143} been in the +hands of the Mulhollands since the time the case or shrine was made; +that they bore the same name, and are frequently mentioned as custodians +of this bell in the "_Annals of the Four Masters_." + +We have received the following Catalogues:--William Heath's, 29. Lincoln +Inn Fields, Select Catalogue, No. 4., of Second-Hand Books, perfect, and +in good condition. Thomas Cole's, 15. Great Turnstile, Catalogue of a +Strange Collection from the Library of a Curious Collector. John +Petheram's, 94. High Holborn, Catalogue of a Collection of British +(engraved) Portraits. Cornish's (Brothers), 37. New Street, Birmingham, +List No. IX. for 1850 of English and Foreign Books. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +(In continuation of Lists in former Nos.) + +Odd Volumes. + +BLOOMFIELD'S RECENSIO SYNOPTICA, Vols. III. and IX. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS + +VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with Title-page and very copious +Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by +order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen._ + +_Erratum_.--No. 38. p. 113. col. 2. l. 37., for "participle" read +"particle." + + * * * * * + +MR. A.K. JOHNSTON'S NEW GENERAL GAZETTEER. + +In One Large Volume 8vo. of 1,440 pages, comprising nearly 50,000 Names +of Places, price 36s. cloth; or half-russia, 41s. + +A NEW DICTIONARY of GEOGRAPHY, Descriptive, Physical, Statistical, and +Historical; forming a complete General Gazetteer of the World. By +ALEXANDER KEITH JOHNSTON, F.R.S.E., F.R.G.S., F.G.S., Geographer at +Edinburgh in Ordinary to Her Majesty. + +"He appears to have executed in a very laudable manner the task which he +has undertaken, and to have taken every precaution possible to secure +accuracy and precision of statement."--_Times._ + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + +ROCHEFOUCAULD'S MAXIMS, WITH NOTES. + +Just published, in fcp. 8vo. price 4s. 6d. cloth, + +MORAL REFLECTIONS, SENTENCES, AND MAXIMS of FRANCIS DUC DE LA +ROCHEFOUCAULD. + +Newly translated from the French. With an Introduction and Notes. + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + +In Post 8vo., price 2s. 6d. + +THE FAWKES'S OF YORK IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY; Including Notices of the +Early History of GUYE FAWKES, the Gunpowder Plot Conspirator. By ROBERT +DAVIES, Esq., F.S.A. + +Published by J.B. NICHOLS and J.G. NICHOLS, 25. Parliament-street, +Westminster. + + * * * * * + +PARKER'S EDUCATIONAL CATALOGUE, including the Books produced under the +Sanction of the Committee of Council on Education, and the Publications +of the Committee of General Literature and Education appointed by the +Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, will be sent free of Postage, +on application to the Publisher, 445. West Strand, London. + + * * * * * + +CAMBRIDGE BOOKS RECENTLY PUBLISHED. + +I. + +A TREATISE ON MORAL EVIDENCE. Illustrated by numerous Examples both of +General Principles and of Specific Actions. By EDWARD ARTHUR SMEDLEY, +M.A., late Chaplain of Trinity College, Cambridge. 8vo. 7s. 6d. + +"The very grave and important questions opened by Mr. Smedley ... he +treats them with considerable ability, and in a tone and temper +befitting their great interest and solemn character."--_Guardian._ + +"Lucid in style, and forcible in argument, this treatise is +distinguished by great felicity of illustration ... a masterly specimen +of reasoning ... a most valuable contribution of the theological +literature of this country."--_Morning Post._ + +II. + +FOUR SERMONS preached before the University of Cambridge, in November, +1849. By the Rev. J.J. BLUNT, B.D., Margaret Professor of Divinity. + +1. The CHURCH OF ENGLAND--the COMMUNION OF SAINTS +2. The CHURCH OF ENGLAND--its TITLE AND DESCENT. +3. The CHURCH OF ENGLAND--its TEXT--the BIBLE. +4. The CHURCH OF ENGLAND--its COMMENTARY--the PRAYER-BOOK. + +Price 5s. + +III. + +By the same Author. + +FIVE SERMONS preached before the University of Cambridge. The First Four +in November, 1845. The Fifth on the General Fast Day, Wednesday, March +24, 1847. 8vo. 5s. 6d. + +IV. + +Second Edition. + +THE APOLOGY OF TERTULLIAN, with English Notes and a Preface. Intended as +an Introduction to the Study of Patristical and Ecclesiastical Latinity. +By H.A. WOODHAM, LL.D., late Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge. 8vo., +8s. 6d. + +V. + +AN ANALYSIS of PALMER'S ORIGINES LITURGICAE; or, Antiquities of the +English Ritual; and of his DISSERTATION on PRIMITIVE LITURGIES: for the +Use of Students at the Universities, and Candidates for Holy Orders, who +have read the original Work. By W. BEAL, LL.D., F.S.A., Vicar of Brooke, +Norfolk. 12mo., price 3s. 6d. + +VI. + +FULWOOD'S ROMA RUIT: Wherein all the Several Pleas of the Pope's +Authority in England are revised and answered. By FRANCIS FULWOOD, D.D., +Archdeacon of Totnes, in Devon. Edited, with additional matter, by +CHARLES HARDWICK, M.A., Fellow of St. Catherine's Hall, Cambridge. 8vo., +10s. 6d. + +This Work will serve the purpose of a Text-Book on the subject of the +Papal Jurisdiction, reproducing, in a short and well digested form, +nearly all the arguments of our best Divines. + + * * * * * + +PREPARING FOR PUBLICATION. + +THOUGHTS ON THE STUDIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. By ADAM +SEDGWICK, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of Trinity College, and Woodwardian +Professor, Cambridge. The Fifth Edition, with a Copious Preliminary +Dissertation. Nearly ready. + +LITURGIAE BRITANNICAE; or the several EDITIONS of the BOOK of COMMON +PRAYER of the CHURCH of ENGLAND, from its Compilation to the last +Revision; together with the Liturgy set forth for the Use of the Church +of Scotland: arranged to show their respective variations. By W. +KEELING, B.D., Fellow of St. John's College. Second Edition. + +JOHN DEIGHTON. + + * * * * * {144} + +NEW WORKS AND NEW EDITIONS. + +YOUNG ITALY. By A. BAILLIE COCHRANE, M.P. Post 8vo., 10s. 6d. + +JOURNAL OF SUMMER TIME IN THE COUNTRY. By R.A. WILLMOTT, Incumbent of +St. Catherine's, Bearwood. 5s. + +GAZPACHO, OR SUMMER MONTHS IN SPAIN. By W.G. CLARK, M.A., Fellow of +Trinity College, Cambridge. 7s. 6d. + +AUVERGNE, PIEDMONT, AND SAVOY. A Summer Ramble. By C.R. WELD, Author of +"History of the Royal Society." 8s. 6d. + +WANDERINGS IN THE WESTERN REPUBLICS OF AMERICA. By G. BYAM, Author of +"Wild Life in the Interior of Central America." With Illustrations, 7s. +6d. + +HESPEROS: or, Travels in the West. By MRS. HOUSTOUN, Author of "Texas +and the Gulf of Mexico." Two Volumes. Post 8vo., 14s. + +DR. WHEWELL ON CAMBRIDGE EDUCATION. Part I. Principles and Recent +History. Second Edition. 4s. 6d. Part II. Discussions and Changes, +1840-50. 3s. 6d. Also, the Two Parts bound together in cloth. 7s. 6d. + +ON THE INFLUENCE OF AUTHORITY IN MATTERS OF OPINION. By G. CORNEWALL +LEWIS, M.P. 8vo., 10s. 6d. + +LECTURES ON ASTRONOMY. Delivered at King's College, London. By HENRY +MOSELEY, M.A., F.R.S. one of Her Majesty's Inspectors of Schools. Third +Edition, revised 5s. 6d. + +LUNACY AND LUNATIC LIFE. With Hints on the Personal Care and Management +of those afflicted with Derangement. By the late MEDICAL SUPERINTENDANT +of an Asylum for the Insane. 3s. 6d. + +THE NEW CRATYLUS. Contributions towards a more Accurate Knowledge of the +Greek Language. By J. W. DONALDSON, D.D., Head Master of King Edward's +School, Bury St. Edmund's. Second Edition, enlarged. 8vo., 18s. + +AESCHYLUS: translated into English Verse. With Notes, a Life of AEschylus, +and a Discourse on Greek Tragedy. By J.S. BLACKIE, Professor of Latin +Language in Marischal College, Aberdeen. Two Vols. Post 8vo., 16s. + +AGAMEMNON OF AESCHYLUS, the Greek Text. With a Translation into English +Verse, and Notes. By JOHN CONINGTON, M.A., Fellow of the University +College, Oxford. 7s. 6d. + +ANTIGONE OF SOPHOCLES, in Greek and English, with Notes. By J.W. +DONALDSON, D.D. 8vo., 9s. + +PHAEDRUS, LYSIS, AND PROTAGORAS OF PLATO. A New and Literal Translation. +By J. WRIGHT, B.A., Head Master of Sutton Coldfield School. 4s. 6d. + +ARISTOPHANIS COMOEDIAE UNDECIM. Textum usibus Scholarum accommodabat H.A. +HOLDEN, A.M. Coll. SS. Trin. Cant. Socius, 8vo., 15s. + +C. CORNELII TACITI OPERA, ad Codices Antiquissimos exacta et emendata, +Commentario Critico et exegetico illustrata. Edidit FRANCISCUS RITTER, +Professor Bonnensis. Complete in Four Volumes. 8vo., 28s. + +THE FABLES OF BABRIUS. Edited, with Notes, by G.C. LEWIS, M.P. 5s. 6d. + +NEANDER'S JULIAN THE APOSTATE, AND HIS GENERATION: an Historical +Picture. Translated by G.V. COX, M.A. 3s. 6d. + +HOMERIC BALLADS. The Greek Text, with a Metrical Translation, and Notes. +By the late Dr. MAGINN. 6s. + +THE CAMBRIDGE GREEK and ENGLISH TESTAMENT. Printed in Parallel Columns +on the same Page Edited for the Syndics of the University Press, by +Professor SCHOLEFIELD, M.A. Third Edition, improved, 7s. 6d. + +LONDON: JOHN W. PARKER, WEST STRAND. + + * * * * * + +Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by George Bell. of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, July 27. 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 39. 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