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diff --git a/13736-0.txt b/13736-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fe5ab2a --- /dev/null +++ b/13736-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1983 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13736 *** + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 39.] SATURDAY, JULY 27, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {129} + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- + Etymology of "Whitsuntide" and "Mass." 129 + Folk Lore:--Sympathetic Cures--Cure for Ague--Eating + Snakes a Charm for growing young. 130 + Long Meg of Westminster, by E.F. Rimbault. 131 + A Note on Spelling,--"Sanatory," "Connection." 131 + Minor Notes:--Pasquinade on Leo XII.--Shakspeare + a Brass-rubber--California--Mayor of Misrule and + Masters of the Pastimes--Roland and Oliver. 131 + +QUERIES:-- + The Story of the Three Men and their Bag of Money. 132 + The Geometrical Foot, by A. De Morgan. 133 + Minor Queries:--Plurima Gemma--Emmote de Hastings--Boozy + Grass--Gradely--Hats worn by Females--Queries + respecting Feltham's Works--Eikon + Basilice--"Welcome the coming, speed the parting + Guest"--Carpets and Room-paper--Cotton of Finchley--Wood + Carving in Snow Hill--Walrond Family--Translations--Bonny + Dundee--Graham of Claverhouse--Franz von Sickingen--Blackguard--Meaning + of "Pension"--Stars and Stripes of the American + Arms--Passages from Shakspeare--Nursery Rhyme--"George" + worn by Charles I.--Family of Manning + of Norfolk--Salingen a Sword Cutler--Billingsgate--"Speak + the Tongue that Shakspeare spoke"--Genealogical + Queries--Parson, the Staffordshire Giant--Unicorn + in the Royal Arms--The Frog and the Crow of + Ennow--"She ne'er with treacherous Kiss," &c. 133 + +REPLIES:-- + A treatise on Equivocation. 136 + Further Notes on the Derivation of the Word "News." 137 + "News," "Noise," and "Parliament." 138 + Shakpeare's Use of the Word "Delighted" by Rev. Dr. + Kennedy and J.O. Halliwell. 139 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Execution of Charles I.--Sir + T. Herbert's Memoir of Charles I.--Simon of + Ghent--Chevalier de Cailly--Collar of Esses--Hell + paved with good Intentions--The Plant "Hæmony"--Practice + of Scalping among the Scythians--Scandinavian + Mythology--Cromwell's Estates--Magor--"Incidis + in Scyllam"--Dies Iræ--Fabulous Account + of the Lion--Caxton's Printing-Office. 140 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, Sales, &c. 142 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 143 + Answers to Correspondents. 143 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +ETYMOLOGY OF "WHITSUNTIDE" AND "MASS". + +Perhaps the following Note and Query on the much-disputed origin of the +word _Whitsunday_, as used in our Liturgy, may find a place in your +Journal. None of the etymologies of this word at present in vogue is at +all satisfactory. They are-- + +I. _White Sunday_: and this, either-- + +1. From the garments of _white linen_, in which those who were at that +season admitted to the rite of holy baptism were clothed; (as typical of +the spiritual purity therein obtained:) or,-- + +2. From the glorious light of heaven, sent down from the father of +Lights on the day of Pentecost: and "those vast diffusions of light and +knowledge, which were then shed upon the Apostles, in order to the +enlightening of the world." (Wheatley.) Or,-- + +3. From the custom of the rich bestowing on this day all the milk of +their kine, then called _white meat_, on the poor. (Wheatley, from +Gerard Langbain.) + +II. _Huict Sunday_: from the French, _huit_, eight; i.e. the eighth +Sunday from Easter. (L'Estrange, _Alliance Div. Off._) + +III. There are others who see that neither of these explanations can +stand; because the ancient mode of spelling the word was not +_Whit_-sunday, but _Wit_-sonday (as in Wickliff), or _Wite_-sonday +(which is as old as _Robert of Gloucester_, c. A.D. 1270). Hence,-- + +1. Versteran's explanation:--That it is _Wied_ Sunday, _i.e. Sacred_ +Sunday (from Saxon, _wied_, or _wihed_, a word I do not find in +Bosworth's _A.-S. Dict._; but so written in Brady's _Clovis Calendaria_, +as below). But why should this day be distinguished as sacred beyond all +other Sundays in the year? + +2. In _Clavis Calendaria_, by John Brady (2 vols. 8vo. 1815), I find, +vol. i. p. 378., "Other authorities contend," he does not say who those +authorities are, "that the original name of this season of the year was +_Wittentide_; or the time of choosing the _wits_, or wise men, to the +_Wittenagemote_." + +Now this last, though evidently an etymology inadequate to the +importance of the festival, appears to me to furnish the right clue. The +day of Pentecost was the day of the outpouring of the Divine Wisdom and +Knowledge on the Apostles; the day on which was given to them that HOLY +SPIRIT, by which was "revealed" to them "_The wisdom of God_ ... even +the _hidden wisdom_, which GOD ordained before the world." 1 Cor. ii. +7.[1] It was the day on which was fulfilled the promise {139} made to +them by CHRIST that "The Comforter, which is the HOLY GHOST, whom the +Father will send in my name, he shall _teach you all things_, and bring +all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you." John, +xiv. 26. When "He, the Spirit of Truth, came, who should _guide_ them +_into all truth_." John xvi. 13. And the consequence of this "unction +from the Holy One" was, that they "knew all things," and "needed not +that any man should teach them." 1 John, ii. 20. 27. + +_Whit-sonday_ was, therefore, the day on which the Apostles were endued +by God with _wisdom_ and knowledge: and my Query is, whether the root of +the word may not be found in the Anglo-Saxon verb,-- + +_Witan_, to know, understand (whence our _wit_, in its old meaning of +good sense, or cleverness and the expression "having one's _wits_ about +one," &c.); or else, perhaps, from-- + +_Wisian_, to instruct, show, inform; (Ger. _weisen_). Not being an +Anglo-Saxon scholar, I am unable of myself to trace the formation of the +word _witson_ from either of these roots: and I should feel greatly +obliged to any of your correspondents who might be able and willing to +inform me, whether that form is deduceable from either of the above +verbs; and if so, what sense it would bear in our present language. I am +convinced, that _wisdom day_, or _teaching day_, would afford a very far +better reason for the name now applied to Pentecost, than any of the +reasons commonly given. I should observe, that I think it incorrect to +say Whit-Sunday. It should be Whitsun (Witesone) Day. If it is Whit +Sunday, why do we say Easter Day, and not Easter Sunday? Why do we say +Whitsun-Tide? Why does our Prayer Book say Monday and Tuesday in +Whitsun-week (just as before, Monday and Tuesday in Easter-week)? And +why do the lower classes, whose "vulgarisms" are, in nine cases out of +ten, more correct than our refinements, still talk about Whitsun Monday +and Whitsun Tuesday, where the more polite say, Whit Monday and Tuesday? + +Query II. As I am upon etymologies, let me ask, may not the word _Mass_, +used for the Lord's Supper--which Baronius derives from the Hebrew +_missach_, an oblation, and which is commonly derived from the "missa +missorum"--be nothing more nor less than _mess_ (_mes_, old French), the +meal, the repast, the supper? We have it still lingering in the phrase, +"an officers' mess;" i.e. a meal taken in common at the same table; and +so, "to mess together," "messmate," and so on. Compare the Moeso-Gothic +_mats_, food: and _maz_, which Bosworth says (_A.-S. Dic._ sub voc. +_Mete_) is used for bread, food, in Otfrid's poetical paraphrase of the +Gospels, in Alemannic or High German, published by Graff, Konigsberg, +1831. + +H.T.G. + +Clapton. + + [Footnote 1: The places in the New Testament, where Divine + Wisdom and Knowledge are referred to the outpouring of God's + Spirit, are numberless. Cf. Acts, vi. 3., 1 Cor. xii. 8., Eph. + i. 8, 9., Col. i. 9., &c. &c.] + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Sympathetic Cures._--Possibly the following excerpt may enable some of +your readers and Folklore collectors to testify to the yet lingering +existence, in localities still unvisited by the "iron horse," of a +superstition similar to the one referred to below. I transcribe it from +a curious, though not very rare volume in duodecimo, entitled _Choice +and Experimental Receipts in Physick and Chirurgery, as also Cordial and +Distilled Waters and Spirits, Perfumes, and other Curiosities_. +Collected by the Honourable and truly learned Sir Kenelm Digby, Kt., +Chancellour to Her Majesty the Queen Mother. London: Printed for H. +Brome, at the Star in Little Britain, 1668. + + "_A Sympathetic Cure for the Tooth-ach._--With an iron nail + raise and cut the gum from about the teeth till it bleed, and + that some of the blood stick upon the nail, then drive it into a + wooden beam up to the head; after this is done you never shall + have the toothach in all your life." The author naively adds + "But whether the man used any spell, or said any words while he + drove the nail, I know not; only I saw done all that is said + above. This is used by severall certain persons." + +Amongst other "choice and experimental receipts" and "curiosities" which +in this little tome are recommended for the cure of some of the "ills +which flesh is heir to," one directs the patient to + + "Take two parts of the moss growing on the skull of a dead man + (pulled as small as you can with the fingers)." + +Another enlarges on the virtue of + + "A little bag containing some powder of toads calcined, so that + the bag lay always upon the pit of the stomach next the skin, + and presently it took away all pain as long as it hung there but + if you left off the bag the pain returned. A bag continueth in + force but a month after so long time you must wear a fresh one." + +This, he says, a "person of credit" told him. + +HENRY CAMPKIN. + +Reform Club, June 21. 1850. + + +_Cure for Ague._--One of my parishioners, suffering from ague, was +advised to catch a large spider and shut him up in a box. As he pines +away, the disease is supposed to wear itself out. + +B. + +L---- Rectory, Somerset, July 8. 1850. + + +_Eating Snakes a Charm for growing young._--I send you the following +illustrations of this curious receipt for growing young. Perhaps some of +your correspondents will furnish me with some others, and some +additional light on the subject. Fuller says,-- + + "A gentlewoman told an ancient batchelour, who looked _very + young_, that she thought _he had eaten a snake_: 'No, mistris,' + (said he), 'it is because I never {131} meddled with any snakes + which maketh me look so young.'"--_Holy State_, 1642, p. 36. + + He hath left off o' late to _feed on snakes_; + His beard's turned white again. + + _Massinger, Old Law_, Act v. Sc. 1. + + "He is your loving brother, sir, and will tell nobody + But all he meets, that you have eat a _snake_, + And are grown young, gamesome, and rampant." + + _Ibid, Elder Brother_, Act iv. Sc. 4. + +JARLTZBERG. + + * * * * * + +LONG MEG OF WESTMINSTER. + +Mr. Cunningham, in his _Handbook of London_ (2nd edition, p. 540.), has +the following passage, under the head of "Westminster Abbey:" + + "_Observe._--Effigies in south cloister of several of the early + abbots; large blue stone, uninscribed, (south cloister), marking + the grave of Long Meg of Westminster, a noted virago of the + reign of Henry VIII." + +This amazon is often alluded to by our old writers. Her life was printed +in 1582; and she was the heroine of a play noticed in Henslowe's +_Diary_, under the date February 14, 1594. She also figured in a ballad +entered on the Stationers' books in that year. In _Holland's Leaguer_, +1632, mention is made of a house kept by Long Meg in Southwark:-- + + "It was out of the citie, yet in the view of the citie, only + divided by a delicate river: there was many handsome buildings, + and many hearty neighbours, yet at the first foundation it was + renowned for nothing so much as for the memory of that famous + amazon _Longa Margarita_, who had there for many yeeres kept a + famous _infamous_ house of open hospitality." + +According to Vaughan's _Golden Grove_, 1608,-- + + "Long Meg of Westminster kept alwaies twenty courtizans in her + house, whom, by their pictures, she sold to all commers." + +From these extracts the occupation of Long Meg may be readily guessed +at. Is it then likely that such a detestable character would have been +buried amongst "goodly friars" and "holy abbots" in the cloisters of our +venerable abbey? I think not: but I leave considerable doubts as to +whether Meg was a real personage.--Query. Is she not akin to Tom Thumb, +Jack the Giant-killer, Doctor Rat, and a host of others of the same +type? + +The stone in question is, I know, on account of its great size, jokingly +called "Long Meg, of Westminster" by the vulgar; but no one, surely, +before Mr. Cunningham, ever _seriously_ supposed it to be her +burying-place. Henry Keefe, in his _Monumenta Westmonasteriensa_, 1682, +gives the following account of this monument:-- + + "That large and stately plain black marble stone (which is + vulgarly known by the name of _Long Meg of Westminster_) on the + north side of _Laurentius_ the abbot, was placed there for + _Gervasius de Blois_, another abbot of this monastery, who was + base son to King Stephen, and by him placed as a monk here, and + afterwards made abbot, who died _anno_ 1160, and was buried + under this stone, having this distich formerly thereon: + + "_De regnum genere pater hic Gervasius ecce + Monstrat defunctus, mors rapit omne genus_." + +Felix Summerly, in his _Handbook for Westminster Abbey_, p. 29., +noticing the cloisters and the effigies of the abbots, says,-- + + "Towards this end there lies a large slab of blue marble, which + is called 'Long Meg' of Westminster. Though it is inscribed to + Gervasius de Blois, abbot, 1160 natural son of King Stephen, he + is said to have been buried under a small stone, and tradition + assigns 'Long Meg' as the gravestone of twenty-six monks, who + were carried off by the plague in 1349, and buried together in + one grave." + +The tradition here recorded may be correct. At any rate, it carries with +it more plausibility than that recorded by Mr. Cunningham. + +EDWARD F. RIMIBAULT. + + [Some additional and curious allusions to this probably mythic + virago are recorded in Mr. Halliwell's _Descriptive Notices of + Popular English Histories_, printed for the Percy Society.] + + * * * * * + +A NOTE ON SPELLING.--"SANATORY," "CONNECTION." + +I trust that "NOTES AND QUERIES" may, among many other benefits, improve +spelling by example as well as precept. Let me make a note on two words +that I find in No. 37.: _sanatory_, p. 99., and _connection_, p. 98. + +Why "_sanatory_ laws?" _Sanare_ is _to cure_, and a curing-place is, if +you like, properly called _sanatorium_. But the Latin for _health_ is +_sanitas_, and the laws which relate to health should be called +_sanitary_. + +Analogy leads us to _connexion_, not _connection_; _plecto_, _plexus_, +_complexion_; _flecto_, _flexus_, _inflexion_; _necto_, _nexus_, +_connexion_, &c.; while the termination _ction_ belongs to words derived +from Latin verbs whose passive participles end in _ctus_ as _lego_, +_lectus_, _collection_; _injecio_, _injectus_, _injection_; _seco_, +_sectus_, _section_, &c. + +CH. + + * * * * * + +Minor Notes. + +_Pasquinade on Leo XII._--The Query put to a Pope (Vol. ii., p. 104.), +which it is difficult to believe could be put orally, reminds me of Pope +Leo XII., who was reported, whether truly or not, to have been the +reverse of scrupulous in the earlier part of his life, but was +remarkably strict after he became Pope, and was much disliked at Rome, +perhaps because, by his maintenance of strict discipline, he abridged +the amusements and questionable indulgences of the people. On account of +his death, {132} which took place just before the time of the carnival +in 1829, the usual festivities were omitted, which gave occasion to the +following pasquinade, which was much, though privately, circulated-- + + "Tre cose mat fecesti, O Padre santo: + Accettar il papato, + Viver tanto, + Morir di Carnivale + Per destar pianto." + +J. Mn. + + +_Shakspeare a Brass-rubber._--I am desirous to notice, if no commentator +has forestalled me, that Shakspeare, among his many accomplishments, was +sufficiently beyond his age to be a brass-rubber: + + "What's on this tomb + I cannot read; the character I'll take with _wax_." + +_Timon of Athens_, v. 4. + +From the "soft impression," however, alluded to in the next scene, his +"wax" appears rather to have been the forerunner of _gutta percha_ than +of _heel-ball_. + +T.S. LAWRENCE. + + +_California._--In the _Voyage round the World_, by Captain George +Shelvocke, begun Feb. 1719, he says of California (_Harris's +Collection_, vol. i. p. 233.):-- + + "The soil about Puerto, Seguro, and very likely in most of the + valleys, is a rich black mould, which, as you turn it fresh up + to the sun, appears as if intermingled with gold dust; some of + which we endeavoured to purify and wash from the dirt; but + though we were a little prejudiced against the thoughts that it + could be possible that this metal should be so promiscuously and + universally mingled with common earth, yet we endeavoured to + cleanse and wash the earth from some of it; and the more we did + the more it appeared like gold. In order to be further satisfied + I brought away some of it, which we lost in our confusion in + China." + +How an accident prevented the discovery, more than a century back, of +the golden harvest now gathering in California! + +E.N.W. + +Southwark. + + +_Mayor of Misrule and Masters of the Pastimes._--the word _Maior_ of +Misrule appears in the Harl. MSS. 2129. as having been on glass in the +year 1591, in Denbigh Church. + + "5 Edw. VI., a gentleman (Geo. Ferrars), lawyer, poet, and + historian, appointed by the Council, and being of better calling + than commonly his predecessors, received his commission by the + name of 'Master of the King's Pastimes.'"--_Strutt's Sports and + Pastimes_, 340. + + "1578. Edward Baygine, cursitor, clerk for writing and passing + the Queen's leases, 'Comptroller of the Queen's pastimes and + revels,' clerk comptroller of her tents and pavilions, + commissioner of sewers, burgess in Parliament."--Gwillim, + _Heraldry_, 1724 edit. + +A.C. + + +_Roland and Oliver_.--Canciani says there is a figure in the church +porch at Verona which, from being in the same place with _Roland_, and +manifestly of the same age, he supposes may be _Oliver_, armed with a +spiked ball fastened by a chain to a staff of about three feet in +length. _Who are Roland and Oliver_? There is the following derivation +of the saying "a Roland for your Oliver," without any reference or +authority attached, in my note-book:-- + + "--Charlemagne, in his expedition against the Saracens, was + accompanied by two '_steeds_,' some writers say 'pages,' named + Roland and Oliver, who were so excellent and so equally matched, + that the equality became proverbial--'I'll give you a Roland for + your Oliver' being, the same as the vulgar saying, 'I'll give + you tit for tat,' i.e. 'I'll give you the same (whether in a + good or bad sense) as you give me.'" + +JARLTZBERG. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES + +THE STORY OF THE THREE MEN AND THEIR BAG OF MONEY. + +Lord Campbell, in his _Lives of the Chancellors_, relates, in connection +with Queen Elizabeth's Lord Keeper Ellesmere, a very common story, of +which I am surprised he did not at once discern the falsehood. It is +that of a widow, who having a sum of money entrusted to her by three +men, which she was on no account to return except to the joint demand of +the three, is afterwards artfully persuaded by one of them to give it up +to him. Being afterwards sued by the other two, she is successfully +defended by a young lawyer, who puts in the plea that she is not bound +to give up the money at the demand of _only_ two of the parties. In this +case this ingenious gentleman is the future chancellor. The story is +told of the Attorney-General Noy, and of an Italian advocate, in the +notes to Rogers' _Italy_. It is likewise the subject of one of the +smaller tales in Lane's _Arabian Nights_; but here I must remark, that +the Eastern version is decidedly more ingenious than the later ones, +inasmuch as it exculpates the keeper of the deposit from the "laches" of +which in the other cases she was decidedly guilty. Three men enter a +bath, and entrust their bag of money to the keeper with the usual +conditions. While bathing, one feigns to go to ask for a comb (if I +remember right), but in reality demands the money. The keeper properly +refuses, when he calls out to his companions within, "He won't give it +me." They unwittingly respond, "Give it him," and he accordingly walks +off with the money. I think your readers will agree with me that the +tale has suffered considerably in its progress westward. + +My object in troubling you with this, is to ask {133} whether any of +your subscribers can furnish me with any other versions of this popular +story, either Oriental or otherwise. + +BRACKLEY. + +Putney, July 17. + + * * * * * + +THE GEOMETRICAL FOOT. + +In several different places I have discussed the existence and length of +what the mathematicians of the sixteenth century _used_, and those of +the seventeenth _talked about_, under the name of the _geometrical +foot_, of four palms and sixteen digits. (See the _Philosophical +Magazine_ from December 1841 to May 1842; the _Penny Cyclopædia_, +"Weights and Measures," pp. 197, 198; and _Arthmetical Books_, &c, pp. +5-9.) Various works give a figured length of this foot, whole, or in +halves, according as the page will permit; usually making it (before the +shrinking of the paper is allowed for) a very little less than 9-3/4 +inches English. The works in which I have as yet found it are Reisch, +_Margarita Philosophica_, 1508; Stöffler's _Elucidatio Astrolabii_, +1524; Fernel's _Monolosphærium_, 1526; Köbel, _Astrolabii Declaratio_, +1552; Ramus, _Geometricæ_, 1621. Query. In what other works of the +sixteenth, or early in the seventeenth century is this foot of palms and +digits to be found, figured in length? What are their titles? What the +several lengths of the foot, half foot, or palm, within the twentieth of +an inch? Are the divisions into palms or digits given; and, if so, are +they accurate subdivisions? Of the six names above mentioned, the three +who are by far the best known are Stöffler, Fernel, and Ramus; and it so +happens that their subdivisions are _much_ more correct than those of +the other three, and their whole lengths more accordant. + +A. DE. MORGAN. + + * * * * * + +Minor Queries + +_Plurima Gemma._--Who is the author of the couplet which seems to be a +version of Gray's + + "Full many a gem of purest ray serene," &c.? + + "Plurima gemma latet cæca tellure sepulta, + Plurima neglecto fragrat odore rosa." + +S.W.S. + + +_Emmote de Hastings._-- + +"EMMOTE DE HASTINGS GIST ICI" &C. + +A very early slab with the above inscription was found in 1826 on the +site of a demolished transept of Bitton Church, Gloucester. By its side +was laid an incised slab of ---- De Bitton. Both are noticed in the +_Archæologia_, vols. xxii. and xxxi. + +Hitherto, after diligent search, no notice whatever has been discovered +of the said person. The supposition is that she was either a Miss De +Bitton married to a Hastings, or the widow of a Hastings married +secondly to a De Bitton, and therefore buried with that family, in the +twelfth or thirteenth century. If any antiquarian digger should discover +any mention of the lady, a communication to that effect will be +thankfully received by + +H.T. ELLACOMBE. + +Bitton. + + +_Boozy Grass._--What is the derivation of "boozy grass," which an +outgoing tenant claims for his cattle? Johnson has, "Boose, a stall for +a cow or ox (Saxon)." + +A.C. + + +_Gradely._--What is the meaning, origin, and usage of this word? I +remember once hearing it used in Yorkshire by a man, who, speaking of a +neighbour recently dead, said in a tone which implied esteem: "Aye, he +was a very _gradely_ fellow." + +A.W.H. + + +_Hats worn by Females._--Were not the hats worn by the _females_, as +represented on the Myddelton Brass, peculiar to Wales? An engraving is +given in Pennant's _Tour_, 2 vols., where also may be seen the hat worn +by Sir John Wynne, about 1500, apparently similar to that on the Bacon +Monument, and to that worn by Bankes. A MS. copy of a similar one (made +in 1635, and then called "very auntient") may be seen in the Harleian +MS. No. 1971. (_Rosindale Pedigree_), though apparently not older than +Elizabeth's time. With a coat of arms it was "wrought in backside +work"--the meaning of which is doubtful. What is that of the motto, +"Oderpi du pariver?" + +A.C. + + +_Feltham's Works, Queries respecting._-- + + "He that is courtly or gentle, is among them _like_ a merlin + after Michaelmas in the field with crows."--_A Brief Character + of the Low Countries_, by Owen Feltham. Folio, London, 1661. + +What is the meaning of this proverb? + +As a confirmation of the opinion of some of your correspondents, that +monosyllables give force and nature to language, the same author says, +page 59., of the Dutch tongue,-- + + "Stevin of Bruges reckons up 2170 monosillables, which being + compounded, how richly do they grace a tongue." + +Will any of your correspondents kindly inform me of the titles of Owen +Feltham's works. I have his _Resolves_, and a thin folio volume, 1661, +printed for Anne Seile, 102 pages, containing _Lusoria, or Occasional +Pieces; A Brief Character of the Low Countries_; and some _Letters_. Are +these all he wrote? The poem mentioned by Mr. Kersley, beginning-- + + "When, dearest, I but think of thee," + +is printed among those in the volume I have, with the same remark, that +it had been printed as Sir John Suckling's. + +E.N.W. {134} + + +_Eikon Basilice._-- + +"[Greek: EIKON BASILIKAE], or, _The True Pourtraiture of His Sacred +Majestæ Charles the II_. In Three Books. Beginning from his Birth, 1630, +unto this present year, 1660: wherein is interwoven a compleat History +of the High-born Dukes of _York_ and _Glocester_. By R.F., Esq., an +eye-witness. + + "Quo nihil majus meliusve terris + Fata donavere, borique divi + Nee dabunt, quamvis redeant in aurum + Tempora priscum." + + _Horat_. + + "[Greek: Otan tin' Euraes Eupathounta ton kakon + ginske touton to telei taeroumenon]." + + _G. Naz Carm_. + + "----more than conqueror." + +"London, printed for H. Brome and H. March, at the Gun, in Ivy Lane, and +at the Princes' Arms, in Chancery Lane, neer Fleet Street, 1660." + +The cover has "C.R." under a crown. What is the history of this volume. +Is it scarce, or worth nothing? + +A.C. + + + "_Welcome the coming, speed the parting Guest?_" + +--Whence comes the sentence-- + + "Welcome the coming, speed the parting guest?" + +E.N.W. + + +_Carpets and Room-paper._--Carpets were in Edward III.'s reign used in +the palace. What is the exact date of their introduction? When did they +come into general use, and when were rushes, &c., last used? Room-paper, +when was it introduced? + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Cotton of Finchley._--Can some one of your readers give me any +particulars concerning the family of Cotton, which was settled at +Finchley, Middlesex, about the middle of the sixteenth century? + +C.F. + + +_Wood Carving in Snow Hill._--Can any one explain the wood carving over +the door of a house at the corner of Snow Hill and Skinner Street. It is +worth rescuing from the ruin impending it. + +A.C. + + +_Walrond Family._--Can any of your readers inform me what was the maiden +name of _Grace_, the wife of Col. Humphry Walrond, of Sea, in the county +of Somerset, a distinguished loyalist, some time Lieutenant-Governor of +Bridgewater, and Governor of the island of Barbadoes in 1660. She was +living in 1635 and 1668. Also the names of his _ten_ children, or, at +all events, his three youngest. I have reason to believe the seven elder +were George, Humphry, Henry, John, Thomas, Bridget, and Grace. + +W. DOWNING BRUCE. + + +_Translations._--What English translations have appeared of the famous +_Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_? + +Has _La Chiave del Gabinetto del Signor Borri_ (by Joseph Francis Borri, +the Rosicrucian) ever been translated into English? I make the same +Query as to _Le Compte de Gabalis_, which the Abbé de Rillan founded on +Borri's work? + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Bonny Dundee--Graham of Claverhouse._--Can any of your correspondents +tell me the origin of the term "Bonny Dundee?" Does it refer to the fair +and flourishing town at the mouth of the Tay, or to the remarkable John +Graham of Claverhouse, who was created Viscount of Dundee, after the +landing of the Prince of Orange in England, and whose person is admitted +to have been eminently beautiful, whatever disputes may exist as to his +character and conduct? + +2. Can reference be made to the date of his birth, or, in other words, +to his age when he was killed at Killycrankie, on the 27th of July, +1689. All the biographies which I have seem are silent upon the point. + +W.L.M. + + +_Franz von Sickingen._--Perusing a few of your back numbers, in a reply +of S.W.S. to R.G. (Vol. i., p. 336.), I read: + + "I had long sought for a representation of Sickingen, and at + length found a medal represented in the _Sylloge Numismatum + Elegantiorum of Luckius_," &c. + +I now hope that in S.W.S. I have found the man who is to solve an +obstinate doubt that has long possessed my mind: Is the figure of the +knight in Durer's well-known print of "The Knight, Death, and the +Devil," a portrait? If it be a portrait, is it a portrait of Franz von +Sickingen, as Kugler supposes? The print is said to bear the date 1513. +I have it, but have failed to discover any date at all. + +H.J.H. + +Sheffield. + + +_Blackguard._--When did this word Come into use, and from what? + +Beaumont and Fletcher, in the _Elder Brother_, use it thus:-- + + "It is a Faith + That we will die in, since from the _blackguard_ + To the grim sir in office, there are few + Hold other tenets." + +Thomas Hobbes, in his _Microcosmus_, says,-- + + "Since my lady's decay I am degraded from a cook and I fear the + devil himself will entertain me but for one of his _blackguard_, + and he shall be sure to have his roast burnt." + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Meaning of "Pension."_--The following announcement appeared lately in +the London newspapers:-- + + "GRAY'S INN.--At a _Pension_ of the Hon. Society of Gray's Inn, + holden this day, Henry Wm. Vincent, Esq., her Majesty's + Remembrancer in the Court of Exchequer, was called to the degree + of Barrister at Law." {135} + +I have inquired of one of the oldest benchers of Gray's Inn, now +resident in the city from which I write, for an explanation of the +origin or meaning of the phrase "pension," neither of which was he +acquainted with; informing me at the same time that the Query had often +been a subject discussed among the learned on the dais, but that no +definite solution had been elicited. + +Had the celebrated etymologist and antiquary, Mr. Ritson, formerly a +member of the Society, been living, he might have solved the difficulty. +But I have little doubt that there are many of the erudite, and, I am +delighted to find, willing readers of your valuable publication who will +be able to furnish a solution. + +J.M.G. + +Worcester. + + +_Stars and Stripes of the American Arms._--What is the origin of the +American arms, viz. stars and stripes? + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Passages from Shakspeare._--May I beg for an interpretation of the two +following passages from Shakspeare:-- + + "_Isab._ Else let my brother die, + If not a feodary, but only he, + Owe, and succeed thy weakness." + + _Measure for Measure,_ Act ii. Sc. 4. + + "_Imogen._ Some jay of Italy, + Whose mother was her painting, hath betrayed him." + + _Cymbeline_, Act iii. Sc. 4. + +TREBOR. + +King's College, London. + + +_Nursery Rhyme._--What is the date of the nursery rhyme:-- + + "Come when you're called, + Do what you're bid, + Shut the door after you, + Never be chid?"--Ed. 1754. + +In Howell's _Letters_ (book i. sect. v. letter 18. p. 211. ed. 1754) I +find-- + + He will come when you call him, go when you bid him, and shut + the door after him. + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + + +_"George" worn by Charles I._--I should be glad if any of your +correspondents could give me information as to who is the present +possessor of the "George" worn by Charles I. It was, I believe, in the +possession of the late Marquis Wellesley, but since his death it has +been lost sight of. Such a relic must be interesting to either +antiquaries or royalists. + +SPERANS. + + +_Family of Manning of Norfolk._--Can any of your readers supply me with +an extract from, or the name of a work on heraldry or genealogy, +containing an account of the family of _Manning_ of _Norfolk_. Such a +work was seen by a relative of mine about fifty years since. It related +that a Count Manning, of Manning in Saxony, having been banished from +thence, became king in Friesland, and that his descendants came over to +England, and settled in Kent and _Norfolk_. Pedigrees of the Kentish +branch exist: but that of Norfolk was distinct. Guillim refers to some +of the name in Friesland. + +T.S. LAWRENCE. + + +_Salingen a Sword Cutler._--A sword in my possession, with inlaid basket +guard, perhaps of the early part of the seventeenth century, is +inscribed on the blade "Salingen me fecit." If this is the name of a +sword cutler, who was he, and when and where did he live? + +T.S. LAWRENCE. + + +_Billingsgate._--May I again solicit a reference to any _early_ drawing +of Belins gate? That of 1543 kindly referred by C.S. was already in my +possession. I am also obliged to Vox for his Note. + +W.W. + + +_"Speak the Tongue that Shakspeare spoke."_--Can you inform me of the +author's name who says,-- + + "They speak the tongue that Shakspeare spoke, + The faith and morals hold that Milton held," &c.? + +and was it applied to the early settlers of New England? + +X. + + +_Genealogical Queries._--Can any of your genealogical readers oblige me +with replies to the following Queries? + +1. To what family do the following arms belong? They are given in +Blomfield's _Norfolk_ (ix. 413.) as impaled with the coat of William +Donne, Esq., of Letheringsett, Norfolk, on his tomb in the church there. +He died in 1684. + + On a chevron engrailed, two lioncels rampant, between as many + crescents. + +Not having seen the stone, I cannot say whether Blomfield has blazoned +it correctly; but it seems possible he may have _meant_ to say,-- + + On a chevron engrailed, between two crescents, as many lioncels + rampant. + +2. _Which_ Sir Philip Courtenay, of Powderham, was the father of +Margaret Courtenay, who, in the fifteenth century, married Sir Robert +Carey, Knt.? and who was her mother? + +3. Where can I find a pedigree of the family of Robertson of _Muirtown_, +said to be descended from _John_, second son of Alexander Robertson, of +_Strowan_, by his second wife, Lady Elizabeth Stewart, daughter of John, +Earl of Athol, brother of King James II.? which John is omitted in the +pedigree of the Strowan family, in Burke's _Landed Gentry_. + +C.R.M. + + +_Parson, the Staffordshire Giant._--Harwood, in a note to his edition of +Erdeswick's _Staffordshire_, p. 289., says,-- + + "This place [Westbromwich] gave birth to _William_ Parsons, + [query Walter,] the gigantic porter of King {136} James I., + _whose picture was at Whitehall_; and a bas-relief of him, with + Jeffry Hudson the dwarf, was fixed in the front of a house near + the end of a bagnio court, Newgate-street, probably as a sign." + +Plot, in his _Natural History of Staffordshire_, gives some instances of +the great strength of Parsons. + +I shall feel much obliged if you or your readers will inform me, 1. +Whether there is any mention of Parsons in contemporary, or other works? +2. Whether the portrait is in existence? if so, where? Has it been +engraved? + +C.H.B. + +Westbromwich. + + +_Unicorn in the Royal Arms._--When and why was the fabulous animal +called the unicorn first used as a supporter for the royal arms of +England? + +E.C. + + +_The Frog and the Crow of Ennow._--I should be glad to get an answer to +the following Query from some one of your readers:--I remember some few +old lines of a song I used to hear sung many years ago, and wish to +learn anything as regards its date, authorship,--indeed, any +particulars, and where I shall be likely to find it at length. What I +remember is,-- + + "There was a little frog, lived in the river swim-o, + And there was an old crow lived in the wood of Ennow, + Come on shore, come on shore, said the crow to the frog again-o; + Thank you, sir, thank you, sir, said the frog to the crow of Ennow, + + ... + + But there is sweet music under yonder green willow, + And there are the dancers, the dancers, in yellow." + +M. + + +"_She ne'er with treacherous Kiss_."--Can any of your readers inform me +where the following lines are to be found? + + "She ne'er with treacherous kiss her Saviour stung, + Nor e'er denied Him with unholy tongue; + She, when Apostles shrank, could danger brave-- + Last at His cross, and earliest at His grave!" + +C.A.H. + + +"_Incidit in Scyllam_" (Vol. ii., p. 85.).-- + + "Incidit in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim; + Sie morbum fugiens, incidit in medicos." + +Has any of your readers met with, or heard of the second short line, +appendant and appurtenant to the first? I think it was Lord Grenville +who quoted them as found somewhere together. + +FORTUNATUS DWARRIS. + + +_Nicholas Brigham's Works._--Nicholas Brigham, who erected the costly +tomb in Poets' Corner to the memory of Geoffrey Chaucer (which it is now +proposed to repair by a subscription of five shillings from the admirers +of the poet), is said to have written, besides certain miscellaneous +poems, _Memoirs by way of Diary_, in twelve Books; and a treatise _De +Venationibus Rerum Memorabilium_. Can any of the readers of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" state whether any of these, the titles of which are certainly +calculated to excite our curiosity, are known to be in existence, and, +if so, where? It is presumed that they have never been printed. + +PHILO-CHAUCER. + + +_Ciric-Sceat, or Church-scot._--Can any of your readers explain the +following passage from Canute's Letter to the Archbishops, &c. of +England, A.D. 1031. (_Wilkins Conc._ t. i. p. 298):-- + + "Et in festivitate Sancti Martini primitæ seminum ad ecclesiam, + sub cujus parochia quisque degit, quæ Anglice _Cure scet_ + nominatur." + +J.B. + + [If our correspondent refers to the glossary in the second vol. + of Mr. Thorpe's admirable edition of the _Anglo-Saxon Laws_, + which he edited for the Record Commission under the title of + _Ancient Laws and Institutes of England_, he will find s.v. + "_Ciric-Sceat--Primitiæ Seminum_ church-scot or shot, an + ecclesiastical due payable on the day of St. Martin, consisting + chiefly of corn;" a satisfactory answer to his Query, and a + reference to this very passage from Canute.] + + +_Welsh Language._--Perhaps some of your correspondents would favour me +with a list of the best books treating on the Welsh literature and +language; specifying the best grammar and dictionary. + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Armenian Language._--This copious and widely-circulated language is +known to but few in this country. If this meets the eye of one who is +acquainted with it, will he kindly direct me whither I may find notices +of it and its literature? Father Aucher's _Grammar, Armenian and +English_ (Venice, 1819), is rather meagre in its details. I have heard +it stated, I know not on what authority, that Lord Byron composed the +English part of this grammar. This grammar contains the two Apocryphal +Epistles found in the Armenian Bible, of the Corinthians to St. Paul, +and St. Paul to the Corinthians. Like the Greek and German, "the +different modes of producing compound epithets and words are the +treasure and ornament of the Armenian language; a thousand varieties of +compounded words may be made in this tongue," p. 10. I believe we have +no other grammar of this language in English. + +JARLTZBERG + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES + +A TREATISE ON EQUIVOCATION. + +My attention has recently been drawn to the inquiry of J.M. (Vol. i., p. +260.) respecting the work bearing this name. He inquires, "Was the book +ever extant in MS. or print? What is its size, date, and extent?" These +questions may in part be answered by the following extracts from +Parsons's _Treatise tending to Mitigation_, 1607, to {137} which J.M. +refers as containing, "perhaps, all the substance of the Roman +equivocation," &c. It appears from these extracts that the treatise was +circulated in MS.; that it consisted of ten chapters, and was on eight +or nine sheets of paper. If Parsons' statements are true, he, who was +then at Douay, or elsewhere out of England, had not seen it till three +years after it was referred to publicly by Sir E. Coke, in 1604. Should +the description aid in discovering the tract in any library, it may in +answering J.M.'s second Query, "Is it now extant, and where?" + +(Cap. i. § iii. p. 440.):-- + + "To hasten then to the matter, I am first to admonish the + reader, that whereas this minister doth take upon him to confute + a certain Catholicke manuscript Treatise, made in defence of + Equivocation, and intercepted (as it seemeth) by them, I could + never yet come to the sight therof, and therfore must admit," + &c. + +And (p 44):-- + + "This Catholicke Treatise, which I have hope to see ere it be + long, and if it come in time, I may chance by some appendix, to + give you more notice of the particulars." + +In the conclusion (cap. xiii. §ix. p. 553.):-- + + "And now at this very instant having written hitherto, cometh to + my handes the Catholicke Treatise itselfe of _Equivocation_ + before meneyoned," &c.... "Albeit the whole Treatise itselfe be + not large, nor conteyneth above 8 or 9 sheetes of written + paper." + +And (§ xi. p. 554.):-- + + "Of ten chapters he omitteth three without mention." + +I.B. + + * * * * * + +FURTHER NOTES ON THE DERIVATION OF THE WORD "NEWS." + +I have too much respect for the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" to +consider it necessary to point out _seriatim_ the false conclusions +arrived at by MR. HICKSON, at page 81. + +The origin of "news" may now be safely left to itself, one thing at +least being certain--that the original purpose of introducing the +subject, that of disproving its alleged derivation from the points of +the compass, is fully attained. No person has come forward to defend +_that_ derivation, and therefore I hope that the credit of expunging +such a fallacy from books of reference will hereafter be due to "NOTES +AND QUERIES". + +I cannot avoid, however, calling Mr. Hickson's attention to one or two +of the most glaring of his _non-sequiturs_. + +I quoted the Cardinal of York to show that in his day the word "newes" +was considered plural. MR. HICKSON quotes _me_ to show that in the +present day it is used in the singular; therefore, he thinks that the +Cardinal of York was wrong: but he must pardon me if I still consider +the Cardinal an unexceptional authority as to the usage of his own time. + +MR. HICKSON asserts that "odds" is not an English word; he classifies it +as belonging to a language known by the term "slang," of which he +declares his utter disuse. And he thinks that when used at all, the word +is but an ellipsis for "_odd chances_." This was not the opinion of the +great English lexicographer, who describes the word as-- + + "Odds; a noun substantive, from the adjective odd." + +and he defines its meaning as "inequality," or incommensurateness. He +cites many examples of its use in its various significations, with any +of which MR. HICKSON's substitution would play strange pranks; here is +one from Milton:-- + + "I chiefly who enjoy + So far the happier lot, enjoying thee + Pre-eminent by so much odds." + +Then with respect to "noise," MR. HICKSON scouts the idea of its being +the same word with the French "noise." Here again he is at odds with +Doctor Johnson, although I doubt very much that he has the odds of him. +MR. HICKSON rejects altogether the _quasi_ mode of derivation, nor will +he allow that the same word may (even in different languages) deviate +from its original meaning. But, most unfortunately for MR. HICKSON, the +obsolete French signification of "noise" was precisely the present +English one! A French writer thus refers to it:-- + + "A une époque plus reculée ce mot avait un sens différent: il + signifiait _bruit, cries de joie_, &c. Joinville dit dans son + _Histoire de Louis IX_.,--'La noise que ils (les Sarrazins) + menoient de leurs cors sarrazinnoiz estoit espouvantable à + escouter.' Les Anglais nous ont emprunté cette expression et + l'emploient _dans sa première acception_." + +MR. HICKSON also lays great stress upon the absence, in English, of "the +new" as a singular of "the news." In the French, however, "_la +nouvelle_" is common enough in the exact sense of news. Will he allow +nothing for the caprice of idiom? + +A.E.B. + +Leeds, July 8. 1850. + + +_News, Noise_ (Vol. ii., p. 82.).--I think it will be found that MR. +HICKSON is misinformed as to the fact of the employment of the Norman +French word _noise_, in the French sense, in England. + +_Noyse_, _noixe_, _noas_, or _noase_, (for I have met with each form), +meant then quarrel, dispute, or, as a school-boy would say, a row. It +was derived from _noxia_. Several authorities agree in these points. In +the _Histoire de Foulques Fitz-warin_, Fouque asks "Quei fust _la noyse_ +qe fust devaunt le roi en la sale?" which with regard to the context can +only be fairly translated by "What is going on in {138} the King's +hall?" For his respondent recounts to him the history of a quarrel, +concerning which messengers had just arrived with a challenge. + +Whether the Norman word _noas_ acquired in time a wider range of +signification, and became the English _news_, I cannot say but stranger +changes have occurred. Under our Norman kings _bacons_ signified dried +wood, and _hosebaunde_ a husbandman, then a term of contempt. + +B.W. + + * * * * * + +"NEWS," "NOISE," AND "PARLIAMENT." + +1. _News._--I regret that MR. HICKSON perseveres in his extravagant +notion about _news_, and that the learning and ingenuity which your +correspondent P.C.S.S., I have no doubt justly, gives him credit for, +should be so unworthily employed. + +Does MR. HICKSON really "very much doubt whether our word _news_ +contains the idea of _new_ at all?" What then has it got to do with +_neues_? + +Does MR. HICKSON'S mind, "in its ordinary mechanical action," really +think that the entry of "old newes, or stale newes" in an old dictionary +is any proof of _news_ having nothing to do with _new_? Does he then +separate _health_ from _heal_ and _hale_, because we speak of "bad +health" and "ill health"? + +Will MR. HICKSON explain why _news_ may not be treated as an elliptical +expression for _new things_, as well as _greens_ for _green vegetables_, +and _odds_ for _odd chances_? + +When MR. HICKSON says _dogmaticè_, "For the adoption of words we have no +rule, and we act just as our convenience or necessity dictates; but in +their formation we _must strictly_ conform to the laws we find +established,"--does he deliberately mean to say that there are no +exceptions and anomalies in the formation of language, except +importations of foreign words? If he means this, I should like to hear +some reasons for this wonderful simplification of grammar. + +Why may not "convenience or necessity" sometimes lead us to swerve from +the ordinary rules of the formulation of language, as well as to import +words bodily, and, according to MR. HICKSON'S views of the origin of +_news_, without reference to context, meaning, part of speech, or +anything else? + +Why may we not have the liberty of forming a plural noun _news_ from the +adjective _new_, though we have never used the singular _new_ as a noun, +when the French have indulged themselves with the plural noun of +adjective formation, _les nouvelles_, without feeling themselves +compelled to make _une nouvelle_ a part of their language? + +Why may we not form a plural noun _news_ from _new_, to express the same +idea which in Latin is expressed by _nova_, and in French by _les +nouvelles_? + +Why may not goods be a plural noun formed from the adjective _good_, +exactly as the Romans formed _bona_ and the Germans have formed _Güter_? + +Why does MR. HICKSON compel us to treat goods as singular, and make us +go back to the Gothic? Does he say that _die Güter_, the German for +_goods_ or _possessions_, is singular? Why too must riches be singular, +and be the French word _richesse_ imported into our language? Why may we +not have a plural noun _riches_, as the Romans had _divitæ_, and the +Germans have _die Reichthumer_? and what if _riches_ be irregularly +formed from the adjective _rich_? Are there, MR. HICKSON, no +irregularities in the formation of a language? Is this really so? + +If "from convenience or necessity" words are and may be imported from +foreign languages bodily into our own, why might not our forefathers, +feeling the convenience or necessity of having words corresponding to +_bona_, _nova_, _divitiæ_, have formed _goods_, _news_, _riches_, from +_good_, _new_, _rich_? + +_News_ must be singular, says MR. HICKSON; but _means_ "is beyond all +dispute plural," for Shakspeare talks of "a mean:" with _news_, however, +there is the slight difficulty of the absence of the noun _new_ to start +from. Why is the absence of the singular an insuperable difficulty in +the way of the formation of a plural noun from an adjective, any more +than of plural nouns otherwise formed, which have no singulars, as +_clothes_, _measles_, _alms_, &c. What says MR. HICKSON of these words? +Are they all singular nouns and imported from other languages? for he +admits no other irregularity in the formation of a language. + +2. _Noise._--I agree with MR. HICKSON that the old derivations of +_noise_ are unsatisfactory, but I continue to think his monstrous. I +fear we cannot decide in your columns which of us has the right German +pronunciation of _neues_; and I am sorry to find that you, Mr. Editor, +are with MR. HICKSON in giving to the German _eu_ the exact sound of +_oi_ in _noise_. I remain unconvinced, and shall continue to pronounce +the _eu_ with less fullness than _oi_ in _noise_. However, this is a +small matter, and I am quite content with MR. HICKSON to waive it. The +derivation appears to me nonsensical, and I cannot but think would +appear so to any one who was not bitten by a fancy. + +I do not profess, as I said before, to give the root of _noise_. But it +is probably the same as of _noisome_, _annoy,_ the French _nuire_, Latin +_nocere_, which brings us again to _noxa_; and the French word _noise_ +has probably the same root, though its specific meaning is different +from that of our word _noise_. Without venturing to assert it +dogmatically, I should expect the now usual meaning of _noise_ to be its +primary meaning, viz. "a loud sound" or "disturbance;" and this accords +with my notion of its alliances. The French word _bruit_ has both the +meanings of our word _noise_; and _to bruit_ and _to noise_ are with us +interchangeable terms. The French _bruit_ also has the sense of _a +disturbance_ more definitely than our word _noise_. "Il y a du bruit" +means "There is a row." {139} I mention _bruit_ and its meanings merely +as a parallel case to _noise_, if it be, as I think, that "a loud sound" +is its primary, and "a rumour" its secondary meaning. + +I have no doubt there are many instances, and old ones, among our poets, +and prose writers too, of the use of the noun _annoy_. I only remember +at present Mr. Wordsworth's-- + + "There, at Blencatharn's rugged feet, + Sir Lancelot gave a safe retreat + To noble Clifford; from annoy + Concealed the persecuted boy." + +3. _Parliament._--FRANCISCUS's etymology of Parliament (Vol. ii., p. +85.) is, I think, fit companion for MR. HICKSON's derivations of _news_ +and _noise_. I take FRANCISCUS for a wag: but lest others of your +readers may think him serious, and be seduced into a foolish explanation +of the word _Parliament_ by his joke, I hope you will allow me to +mention that _palam mente_, literally translated, means _before the +mind_, and that, if FRANCISCUS or any one else tries to get "freedom of +thought or deliberation" out of this, or to get Parliament out of it, or +even to get sense out of it, he will only follow the fortune which +FRANCISCUS says has befallen all his predecessors, and stumble _in +limine_. The presence of _r_, and the turning of _mens_ into _mentum_, +are minor difficulties. If FRANCISCUS be not a wag, he is perhaps an +anti-ballot man, bent on finding an argument against the ballot in the +etymology of _Parliament_: but whatever he be, I trust your readers +generally will remain content with the old though humble explanation of +_parliament_, that it is a modern Latinisation of the French word +_parlement_, and that it literally means a talk-shop, and has nothing to +do with open or secret voting, though it be doubtless true that Roman +judges voted _clam vel palam_, and that _palam_ and _mens_ are two Latin +words. + +C.H. + + * * * * * + +SHAKSPEARE'S USE OF THE WORD "DELIGHTED." + +"_Delighted_" (Vol. ii., p. 113.).--I incline to think that the word +_delighted_ in Shakspeare represents the Latin participle _delectus_ +(from _deligere_), "select, choice, exquisite, refined." This sense will +suit all the passages cited by MR. HICKSON, and particularly the last. +If this be so, the suggested derivations from the adjective _light_, and +from the substantive _light_, fall to the ground: but MR. HICKSON will +have been right in distinguishing Shakspeare's _delighted_ from the +participle of the usual verb _to delight, delectare_=gratify. The roots +of the two are distinct: that of the former being _leg-ere_ "to choose;" +of the latter, _lac-ere_ "to tice." + +B.H. KENNEDY. + + +_Meaning of the Word "Delighted."_--I am not the only one of your +readers who have read with deep interest the important contributions of +MR. HICKSON, and who hope for further remarks on Shakspearian +difficulties from the same pen. His papers on the _Taming of the Shrew_ +were of special value; and although I do not quite agree with all he has +said on the subject, there can be no doubt of the great utility of +permitting the discussion of questions of the kind in such able hands. + +Perhaps you would kindly allow me to say thus much; for the remembrance +of the papers just alluded to renders a necessary protest against that +gentleman's observations on the meaning of the word _delighted_ somewhat +gentler. I happen to be one of the unfortunates (a circumstance unknown +to MR. HICKSON, for the work in which my remarks on the passage are +contained is not yet published) who have indulged in what he terms the +"cool impertinence" of explaining _delighted_, in the celebrated passage +in _Measure for Measure_, by "delightful, sweet, pleasant;" and the +explanation appears to me to be so obviously correct, that I am +surprised beyond measure at the terms he applies to those who have +adopted it. + +But MR. HICKSON says,-- + + "I pass by the nonsense that the greatest master of the English + language did not heed the distinction between the past and the + present participles, as not worth second thought." + +I trust I am not trespassing on courtesy when I express a fear that a +sentence like this exhibits the writer's entire want of acquaintance +with the grammatical system employed by the great poet and the writers +of his age. We must not judge Shakspeare's grammar by Cobbett or Murray, +but by the vernacular language of his own times. It is perfectly well +known that Shakspeare constantly uses the passive for the active +participle, in the same manner that he uses the present tense for the +passive participle, and commits numerous other offences against correct +grammar, judging by the modern standard. If MR. HICKSON will read the +first folio, he will find that the "greatest master of the English +language" uses plural nouns for singular, the plural substantive with +the singular verb, and the singular substantive with the plural verb. In +fact, so numerous are these instances, modern editors have been +continually compelled to alter the original merely in deference to the +ears of modern readers. They have not altered _delighted_ to +_delightful_; but the meaning is beyond a doubt. "Example is better than +precept," and perhaps, if MR. HICKSON will have the kindness to consult +the following passages with attention, he may be inclined to arrive at +the conclusion, it is not so very dark an offence to assert that +Shakspeare did use the passive participle for the active; not in +ignorance, but because it was an ordinary practice in the literary +compositions of his age. + + "To your _professed_ bosoms I commit him." + + _King Lear_, Act i. Sc. 1. {140} + + "I met the youthful lord at Laurence' cell, + And gave him what _becomed_ love I might. + Not stepping o'er the bounds of modesty." + + _Romeo and Juliet_, Act iv. Sc. 3. + + "Thus ornament is but the _guiled_ shore + To a most dangerous sea." + + _Merchant of Venice_, Act iii. Sc. 2. + + "Then, in despite of _brooded_ watchful day, + I would into thy bosom pour my thoughts." + + _King John_, Act iii. Sc. 3. + + "And careful hours, with time's _deformed_ hand, + Have written strange defeatures in my face." + + _Comedy of Errors_, Act v. Sc. 1. + +In all these passages, as well as in that in _Measure for Measure_, the +simple remark, that the poet employed a common grammatical variation, is +all that is required for a complete explanation. + +J.O. HALLIWELL. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Execution of Charles I.--Sir T. Herbert's "Memoir of Charles I_." (Vol. +ii. pp., 72. 110.).--Is P.S.W.E. aware that Mr. Hunter gives a +tradition, in his _History of Hallamshire_, that a certain William +Walker, who died in 1700, and to whose memory there was an inscribed +brass plate in the parish church of Sheffield, was the executioner of +Charles I.? The man obtained this reputation from having retired from +political life at the Restoration, to his native village, Darnall, near +Sheffield, where he is said to have made death-bed disclosures, avowing +that he beheaded the King. The tradition has been supported, perhaps +suggested, by the name of Walker having occurred during the trials of +some of the regicides, as that of the real executioner. + +Can any one tell me whether a narrative of the last days of Charles I., +and of his conduct on the scaffold, by Sir Thomas Herbert, has ever been +published in full? It is often quoted and referred to (see "NOTES AND +QUERIES," Vol. i., p. 436.), but the owner of the MS., with whom I am +well acquainted, informs me that it has never been submitted to +publication, but that some extracts have been secretly obtained. In what +book are these printed? The same house which contains Herbert's MS. (a +former owner of it married Herbert's widow), holds also the stool on +which King Charles knelt at his execution, the shirt in which he slept +the night before, and other precious relics of the same unfortunate +personage. + +ALFRED GATTY. + +Ecclesfield, July 11. 1850. + + +_Execution of Charles I._ (Vol. ii., p 72.).--In Ellis's _Letters +illustrative of English History_ Second Series, vol. iii. p. 340-41., +P.S.W.E. will find the answer to his inquiry. Absolute certainty is +perhaps unattainable on the subject; but no mention occurs of the Earl +of Stair, nor is it probable that any one of patrician rank would be +retained as the operator on such an occasion. We need hardly question +that Richard Brandon was the executioner. Will P.S.W.E. give his +authority for the "report" to which he refers? + +MATFELONENSIS. + + +_Simon of Ghent_ (Vol. ii., p. 56.).--"Simon Gandavensis, patria +Londinensis, sed patre Flandro Gandavensi natus, a. 1297. Episcopus +Sarisburiensis."--Fabric. _Bibl. Med. et Infint. Latin._, lib. xviii. p. +532. + +_Chevalier de Cailly_ (Vol. ii., p. 101.)--Mr. De St. Croix will find an +account of the Chevalier Jacque de Cailly, who died in 1673, in the +_Biographie Universelle_; or a more complete one in Goujet +(_Bibliothèque Françoise_, t. xvii. p. 320.). + +S.W.S. + + +_Collar of Esses_ (Vol. ii., pp. 89. 110.).--The question of B. has been +already partly answered in an obliging manner by [Greek: ph]., who has +referred to my papers on the Collar of Esses and other Collars of +Livery, published a few years ago in the _Gentleman's Magazine_. Permit +me to add that I have such large additional collections on the same +subject that the whole will be sufficient to form a small volume, and I +intend to arrange them in that shape. As a direct answer to B.'s +question--"Is there any list extant of persons who were honoured with +that badge?" I may reply, No. Persons were not, in fact, "honoured with +the badge," in the sense that persons are now decorated with stars, +crosses, or medals; but the livery collar was _assumed_ by parties +holding a certain position. So far as can be ascertained, these were +either knights attached to the royal household or service, who wore gold +or gilt collars, or esquires in the like position, who wore silver +collars. I have made collections for a list of such pictures, effigies, +and sepulchral brasses as exhibit livery collars, and shall be thankful +for further communications. To [Greek: ph].'s question--"Who are the +persons _now_ privileged to wear these collars?" I believe the reply +must be confined to--the judges, the Lord Mayor of London, the Lord +Mayor of Dublin, the kings, and heralds of arms. If any other officers +of the royal household still wear the collar of Esses, I shall be glad +to be informed. + +JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS. + + [To the list of persons now privileged to wear such collars + given by Mr. Nichols, must be added the Serjeants of Arms, of + whose creation by investiture with the Collar of Esses, Pegge + has preserved so curious an account in the Fifth Part of his + _Curialia_.] + + +_Hell paved with good Intentions_ (Vol. ii., p. 86.).--The history of +the phrase which Sir Walter Scott attributed "to a stern old divine," +and which J.M.G. moralises upon, and asserts to be a misquotation for +"the _road_ to hell," &c., is this:--Boswell, {141} in his _Life of +Johnson_ (_sub_ 15th April, 1775), says that Johnson, in allusion to the +unhappy failure of pious resolves, said to an acquaintance, "Sir, hell +is paved with good intentions." Upon which Malone adds a note: + + "This is a proverbial saying. 'Hell,' says Herbert, 'is full of + good meanings and wishings.'--_Jacula Prudentum_, p. 11. ed. + 1631." + +but he does not say where else the proverbial saying is to be found. The +last editor, Croker, adds,-- + + "Johnson's phrase has become so proverbial, that it may seem + rather late to ask what it means--why '_paved_?' perhaps as + making the _road_ easy, _facilis descensus Averni_." + +C. + + +_The Plant "Hæmony"_ (Vol. ii., p. 88.).--I think MR. BASHAM, who asks +for a reference to the plant "hæmony", referred to by Milton in his +_Comus_, will find the information which he seeks in the following +extract from Henry Lyte's translation of Rembert Dodoen's _Herbal_, at +page 107, of the edition of 1578. The plant is certainly not called by +the name of "hæmony," nor is it described as having prickles on its +leaves; but they are plentifully shown in the engraving which +accompanies the description. + + "_Allysson._--The stem of this herbe is right and straight, + parting itself at the top into three or foure small branches. + The leaves be first round, and after long whitish and _rough_, + or somewhat woolly in handling. It bringeth foorth at the top of + the branches little _yellow_ floures, and afterward small rough + whitish and flat huskes, and almost round fashioned like + bucklers, wherein is contained a flat seede almost like to the + seed of castell or stocke gilloflers, but greater. + + "Alysson, as Dioscorides writeth, groweth upon rough mountaynes, + and is not found in this countrey but in the gardens of some + herboristes. + + "The same hanged in the house, or at the gate or entry, keepeth + man and beast from _enchantments and witching_." + +K.P.D.E. + + +As a "Note" to DR. BASHAM'S "Query", I would quote Ovid's _Metamorph._, +lib vii. l. 264-5.: + + "Illic Hæmoniá radices valle resectas. + Seminaque, et flores, et succos incoquit acres." + +T.A. + + +_Practice of Scalping amongst the Scythians--Scandinavian +Mythology._--In Vol. ii., p. 12., I desired to be informed whether this +practice has prevailed amongst any people besides the American Indians. +As you have established no rule against an inquirer's replying to his +own Query, (though, unfortunately for other inquirers, self-imposed by +some of your correspondents) I shall avail myself of your permission, +and refer those who are interested in the subject to Herodotus, +_Melpomene 64_, where they will find that the practice of scalping +prevailed amongst the Scythians. This coincidence of manners serves +greatly to corroborate the hypothesis that America was peopled +originally from the northern parts of the old continent. He has recorded +also their horrid custom of drinking the blood of their enemies, and +making drinking vessels of their skulls, reminding us of the war-song of +the savage of Louisiana:-- + + "I shall devour their (my enemies') hearts, dry their flesh, + drink their blood; I shall tear off their scalps, and make cups + of their skulls." (Bossu's _Travels_.) "Those," says this + traveller through Louisiana, "who think the Tartars have chiefly + furnished America with inhabitants, seem to have hit the true + opinion; you cannot believe how great the resemblance of the + Indian manners is to those of the ancient Scythians; it is found + in their religious ceremonies, their customs, and in their food. + Hornius is full of characteristics that may satisfy your + curiosity in this respect, and I desire you to read him."--Vol. + i. p. 400. + +But the subject of the "Origines Americanæ" is not what I now beg to +propose for consideration; it is the tradition-falsifying assertion of +Mr. Grenville Pigott, in his _Manual of Scandinavian Mythology_ (as +quoted by D'Israeli in the _Amenities of English Literature_, vol. i. p. +51, 52.), that the custom with which the Scandinavians were long +reproached, of drinking out of the skulls of their enemies, has no other +foundation than a blunder of Olaus Wormius, who, translating a passage +in the death-song of Regner Lodbrog,-- + + "Soon shall we drink out of the curved trees of the head," + +turned the trees of the head into a skull, and the skull into a hollow +cup; whilst the Scald merely alluded to the branching horns, growing as +trees from the heads of aninals, that is, the curved horns which formed +their drinking cups. + +T.J. + + +_Cromwell's Estates.--Magor_ (Vol. ii., p. 126.).--I have at length +procured the following information respecting _Magor_. It is a parish in +the lower division of the hundred of Caldicot, Monmouthshire. Its +church, which is dedicated to St. Mary, is in the patronage of the Duke +of Beaufort. + +SELEUCUS. + +_"Incidis in Scyllam," &c._ (Vol. ii., p. 85.).--MR. C. FORBES says he +"should be sorry this fine old proverb should be passed over with no +better notice than seems to have been assigned to it in Boswell's +_Johnson_," and then he quotes some account of it from the _Gentleman's +Magazine_. I beg leave to apprise MR. FORBES that there is no notice +whatsoever of it in Boswell's _Johnson_, though it is introduced (_inter +alia_) in a note of _Mr. Malone's_ in the later editions of Boswell; but +that note contains in substance all that MR. FORBES'S communication +repeats. See the later {142} editions of Boswell, under the date of 30th +March, 1783. + +C. + + +_Dies Iræ_ (Vol. ii., p. 72. 105.).--Will you allow me to enter my +protest against the terms "extremely beautiful and magnificent," applied +by your respectable correspondents to the _Dies Iræ_, which, I confess, +I think not deserving any such praise either for its poetry or its +piety. The first triplet is the best, though I am not sure that even the +merit of that be not its _jingle_, in which King David and the Sybil are +strangely enough brought together to testify of the day of judgment. +Some of the triplets appear to me very poor, and hardly above macaronic +Latin. + +C. + + +_Fabulous Account of the Lion._--Many thanks to J. EASTWOOD (Vol. i., p. +472.) for his pertinent reply to my Query. The anecdote he refers to is +mentioned in the _Archæological Journal_, vol. i. 1845, p. 174., in a +review of the French work _Vitraux Peints de S. Etienne de Bourges_, &c. +No reference is given there; but I should fancy Philippe de Thaun gives +the fable. + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Caxton's Printing-office_ (Vol. ii., p. 122.).--The abbot of +Westminster who allowed William Caxton to set up his press in the +almonry within the abbey of Westminster, was probably John Esteney, who +became abbot in the year 1475, and died in 1498. If the date mentioned +by Stow for the introduction of printing into England by Caxton, viz. +1471, could be shown to be that in which he commenced his printing at +Westminster, Abbot Milling (who resigned the abbacy for the bishopric of +Hereford in 1475) would claim the honour of having been his first +patron: but the earliest ascertained date for his printing at +Westminster is 1477. In the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for April, 1846, I +made this remark: + + "There can, we think, be no doubt that the device used by + Caxton, and afterwards by Wynkyn de Worde, (W. 4.7 C.) was + intended for the figures 74, (though Dibdin, p. cxxvii, seems + incredulous in the matter), and that its allusion was to the + year 1474 which may very probably have been that in which his + press was set up in Westminster." + +Will the Editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES" now allow me to modify this +suggestion? The figures "4" and "7" are interlaced, it is true, but the +"4" decidedly precedes the other figure, and is followed by a point (.). +I thinly it not improbable that this cypher, therefore, is so far +enigmatic, that the figure "4" may stand for _fourteen hundred_ (the +century), and that the "7" is intended to read doubled, as +_seventy-seven_. In that case, the device, and such historical evidence +as we possess, combine in assigning the year 1477 for the time of the +erection of Caxton's press at Westminster, in the time of Abbot Esteney. +If _The Game and Play of the Chesse_ was printed at Westminster, it +would still be 1474. In the paragraph quoted by ARUN (Vol. ii., p. 122.) +from Mr. C. Knight's _Life of Caxton_, Stow is surely incorrectly +charged with naming Abbot Islip in this matter. Islip's name has been +introduced by the error of some subsequent writer; and this is perhaps +attributable to the extraordinary inadvertence of Dart, the historian of +the abbey, who in his _Lives of the Abbots of Westminster_ has +altogether omitted Esteney,--a circumstance which may have misled any +one hastily consulting his book. + +JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +_The Fawkes's of York in the Sixteenth Century, including Notices of the +Early History of Guye Fawkes, the Gunpowder Plot Conspirator_, is the +title of a small volume written, it is understood, by a well-known and +accomplished antiquary resident in that city. The author has brought +together his facts in an agreeable manner, and deserves the rare credit +of being content to produce a work commensurate with the extent and +interest of his subject. + +We learn from our able and well-informed contemporary, _The Athenæum_ +that "one curious fact has already arisen out of the proposal for the +restoration of Chaucer's Monument,--which invests with a deeper interest +the present undertaking. One of the objections formerly urged against +taking steps to restore the perishing memorial of the Father of English +Poetry in Poets' Corner was, that it was not really his tomb, but a +monument erected to do honour to his memory a century and a half after +his death. An examination, however, of the tomb itself by competent +authorities has proved this objection to be unfounded:--inasmuch as +there can exist no doubt, we hear, from the difference of workmanship, +material, &c., that the altar tomb is the original tomb of Geoffrey +Chaucer,--and that instead of Nicholas Brigham having erected an +entirely new monument, he only added to that which then existed the +overhanging canopy, &c. So that the sympathy of Chaucer's admirers is +now invited to the restoration of what till now was really not known to +exist--_the original tomb_ of the Poet,--as well as to the additions +made to it by the affectionate remembrance of Nicholas Brigham." + +Messrs. Ward and Co., of Belfast, announce the publication, to +subscribers only, of a new work in Chromo-Lithography, containing five +elaborately tinted plates printed in gold, silver, and colours, being +exact fac-similes of an _Ancient Irish Ecclesiastical Bell_, which is +supposed to have belonged to Saint Patrick and the four sides of the +jewelled shrine in which it is preserved, accompanied by a historical +and descriptive Essay by the Rev. William Reeves, D.D., M.R.I.A. By an +Irish inscription on the back of the case or shrine of the bell, which +Doctor Reeves has translated, he clearly proves that the case or shrine +was made in the end of the eleventh century, and that the bell itself is +several hundred years older; and also that it has {143} been in the +hands of the Mulhollands since the time the case or shrine was made; +that they bore the same name, and are frequently mentioned as custodians +of this bell in the "_Annals of the Four Masters_." + +We have received the following Catalogues:--William Heath's, 29. Lincoln +Inn Fields, Select Catalogue, No. 4., of Second-Hand Books, perfect, and +in good condition. Thomas Cole's, 15. Great Turnstile, Catalogue of a +Strange Collection from the Library of a Curious Collector. John +Petheram's, 94. High Holborn, Catalogue of a Collection of British +(engraved) Portraits. Cornish's (Brothers), 37. New Street, Birmingham, +List No. IX. for 1850 of English and Foreign Books. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +(In continuation of Lists in former Nos.) + +Odd Volumes. + +BLOOMFIELD'S RECENSIO SYNOPTICA, Vols. III. and IX. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS + +VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with Title-page and very copious +Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by +order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen._ + +_Erratum_.--No. 38. p. 113. col. 2. l. 37., for "participle" read +"particle." + + * * * * * + +MR. A.K. JOHNSTON'S NEW GENERAL GAZETTEER. + +In One Large Volume 8vo. of 1,440 pages, comprising nearly 50,000 Names +of Places, price 36s. cloth; or half-russia, 41s. + +A NEW DICTIONARY of GEOGRAPHY, Descriptive, Physical, Statistical, and +Historical; forming a complete General Gazetteer of the World. By +ALEXANDER KEITH JOHNSTON, F.R.S.E., F.R.G.S., F.G.S., Geographer at +Edinburgh in Ordinary to Her Majesty. + +"He appears to have executed in a very laudable manner the task which he +has undertaken, and to have taken every precaution possible to secure +accuracy and precision of statement."--_Times._ + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + +ROCHEFOUCAULD'S MAXIMS, WITH NOTES. + +Just published, in fcp. 8vo. price 4s. 6d. cloth, + +MORAL REFLECTIONS, SENTENCES, AND MAXIMS of FRANCIS DUC DE LA +ROCHEFOUCAULD. + +Newly translated from the French. With an Introduction and Notes. + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + +In Post 8vo., price 2s. 6d. + +THE FAWKES'S OF YORK IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY; Including Notices of the +Early History of GUYE FAWKES, the Gunpowder Plot Conspirator. By ROBERT +DAVIES, Esq., F.S.A. + +Published by J.B. NICHOLS and J.G. NICHOLS, 25. Parliament-street, +Westminster. + + * * * * * + +PARKER'S EDUCATIONAL CATALOGUE, including the Books produced under the +Sanction of the Committee of Council on Education, and the Publications +of the Committee of General Literature and Education appointed by the +Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, will be sent free of Postage, +on application to the Publisher, 445. West Strand, London. + + * * * * * + +CAMBRIDGE BOOKS RECENTLY PUBLISHED. + +I. + +A TREATISE ON MORAL EVIDENCE. Illustrated by numerous Examples both of +General Principles and of Specific Actions. By EDWARD ARTHUR SMEDLEY, +M.A., late Chaplain of Trinity College, Cambridge. 8vo. 7s. 6d. + +"The very grave and important questions opened by Mr. Smedley ... he +treats them with considerable ability, and in a tone and temper +befitting their great interest and solemn character."--_Guardian._ + +"Lucid in style, and forcible in argument, this treatise is +distinguished by great felicity of illustration ... a masterly specimen +of reasoning ... a most valuable contribution of the theological +literature of this country."--_Morning Post._ + +II. + +FOUR SERMONS preached before the University of Cambridge, in November, +1849. By the Rev. J.J. BLUNT, B.D., Margaret Professor of Divinity. + +1. The CHURCH OF ENGLAND--the COMMUNION OF SAINTS +2. The CHURCH OF ENGLAND--its TITLE AND DESCENT. +3. The CHURCH OF ENGLAND--its TEXT--the BIBLE. +4. The CHURCH OF ENGLAND--its COMMENTARY--the PRAYER-BOOK. + +Price 5s. + +III. + +By the same Author. + +FIVE SERMONS preached before the University of Cambridge. The First Four +in November, 1845. The Fifth on the General Fast Day, Wednesday, March +24, 1847. 8vo. 5s. 6d. + +IV. + +Second Edition. + +THE APOLOGY OF TERTULLIAN, with English Notes and a Preface. Intended as +an Introduction to the Study of Patristical and Ecclesiastical Latinity. +By H.A. WOODHAM, LL.D., late Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge. 8vo., +8s. 6d. + +V. + +AN ANALYSIS of PALMER'S ORIGINES LITURGICÆ; or, Antiquities of the +English Ritual; and of his DISSERTATION on PRIMITIVE LITURGIES: for the +Use of Students at the Universities, and Candidates for Holy Orders, who +have read the original Work. By W. BEAL, LL.D., F.S.A., Vicar of Brooke, +Norfolk. 12mo., price 3s. 6d. + +VI. + +FULWOOD'S ROMA RUIT: Wherein all the Several Pleas of the Pope's +Authority in England are revised and answered. 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