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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/13729-0.txt b/13729-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c279d08 --- /dev/null +++ b/13729-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1964 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13729 *** + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 37.] SATURDAY, JULY 13, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {97} + + +CONTENTS + +NOTES:-- + The Author of the "Characteristics" by W.D. Christie. 97 + Caxton's Printing office, by R.F. Rimbault. 99 + Sanatory Laws in other Days. 99 + Folk Lore:--Midsummer Fires. 101 + Minor Notes:--Borrowed Thoughts--An Infant Prodigy + in 1659--Allusion in Peter Martyr--Hogs not + Pigs. 101 + +QUERIES:-- + A Query and Replies, by H. Walter. 102 + Letters of Queen Elizabeth and Philip II. of Spain. 102 + Minor Queries:--The New Temple--"Junius Identified"--Mildew + in Books--George Herbert's Burialplace--The Earl of Essex + and "The Finding of the Rayned Deer"--The Lass of Richmond + Hill--Curfew--Alumni of Oxford, Cambridge, and Winchester--St. + Leger's Life of Archbishop Walsh--Query put to a Pope--The + Carpenter's Maggot--Lord Delamere--Henry and the Nutbrown Maid. 103 + +REPLIES:-- + French Poem by Malherbe, by S.W. Singer. 104 + "Dies Iræ, Dies Illa." 105 + Dr. Samuel Ogden, by J.H. Markland. 105 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Porson's Imposition--The + Three Dukes--Kant's Sämmtliche Werke--Becket's + Mother--"Imprest" and "Debenture"--Derivation + of "News"--Origin of Adur--Meaning of + Steyne--Sarum and Barum--Epigrams on the + Universities--Dulcarnon--Dr. Magian--America + known to the Ancients--Collar of SS.--Martello + Towers--"A Frog he would a-wooing go"--William + of Wykeham--Execution of Charles I.--Swords--The + Low Window--Brasichelli's Expurgatory Index--Discursus + Modestus--Melancthon's Epigram. 106 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, Sales, &c. 111 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 111 + Notices to Correspondents. 111 + Advertisements. 112 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES + +THE AUTHOR OF THE "CHARACTERISTICS." + +Lord Shaftesbury's _Letters to a young Man at the University_, on which +Mr. SINGER has addressed to you an interesting communication (Vol. ii., +p. 33.), were reprinted in 1746 in a collection of his letters, +"_Letters of the Earl of Shaftesbury, author of the Characteristicks, +collected into one volume_: printed MDCCXLVI." 18mo. This volume +contains also Lord Shaftesbury's letters to Lord Molesworth, originally +published by Toland, with an introduction which is not reprinted; a +"Letter sent from Italy, with the notion of the Judgment of Hercules, +&c., to my Lord ----"; and three letters reprinted from Lord +Shaftesbury's life in the _General Dicionary_, which was prepared by Dr. +Kippis, under the superintendence of Lord Shaftesbury's son, the fourth +earl. + +In my copy of the original edition of the _Letters to a young Man at the +University_, two letters have been transcribed by an unknown previous +possessor. One is to Bishop Burnet, recommending young Ainsworth when +about to be ordained deacon:-- + + "To the Bishop of Sarum. + + "Reigate, May 23. 1710. + + "My Lord,--The young man who delivers this to your Lordship, is + one who for several years has been preparing himself for the + ministry, and in order to it has, I think, completed his time at + the university. The occasion of his applying this way was purely + from his own inclination. I took him a child from his poor + parents, out of a numerous and necessitous family, into my own, + employing him in nothing servile; and finding his ingenuity, put + him abroad to the best schools to qualify him for preferment in + a peculiar way. But the serious temper of the lad disposing him, + as I found, to the ministry preferably to other advantages, I + could not be his hindrance; though till very lately I gave him + no prospect of any encouragement through my interest. But having + been at last convinced, by his sober and religious courage, his + studious inclination and meek behaviour, that 'twas real + principle and not a vanity or conceit that led him into these + thoughts, I am resolved, in case your lordship thinks him worthy + of the ministry, to procure him a benefice as soon as anything + happens in my power, and in the mean time design to keep him as + my chaplain in my family. + + "I am, my Lord, &c., + + "SHAFTESBURY." + +The second letter inserted in my copy is to Ainsworth himself, dated +Reigate, 11th May, 1711, and written when he was about to apply for +priest's orders. But the bulk of this letter is printed, with a +different beginning and ending, in the tenth printed letter, under date +July 10th, 1710, and is there made to apply to Ainsworth's having just +received deacon's orders. The beginning, and ending of the letter, as in +MS., are-- + + "I am glad the time is come that you are to receive full orders, + and that you hope it from the hands of our {98} great, worthy, + and excellent Bishop, the Lord of Salisbury. This is one of the + circumstances" [then the letter proceeds exactly as in the + printed Letter X., and the MS. letter concludes:] "God send you + all true Christianity, with that temper, life, and manners which + become it. + + "I am, your hearty friend, + + "SHAFTESBURY." + +I quote the printed beginning of Letter X., on account of the eulogy on +Bishop Burnet:-- + + "I believed, indeed, it was your expecting me every day at ---- + that prevented your writing since you received orders from the + good Bishop, my Lord of Salisbury; who, as he has done more than + any man living for the good and honour of the Church of England + and the Reformed Religion, so he now suffers more than any man + from the tongues and slander of those ungrateful Churchmen, who + may well call themselves by that single term of distinction, + having no claim to that of Christianity or Protestant, since + they have thrown off all the temper of the former and all + concern or interest with the latter. I hope whatever advice the + great and good Bishop gave you, will sink deeply into your + mind." + +Mr. Singer has extracted from the eighth printed letter one or two +sentences on Locke's denial of innate ideas. A discussion of Locke's +views on this subject, or of Lord Shaftesbury's contrary doctrine of a +"moral sense," is not suited to your columns; and I only wish to say +that I think Mr. Singer has not made it sufficiently clear that Lord +Shaftesbury's remarks apply only to the speculative consequences, +according to his own view, of a denial of innate ideas; and that Lord +Shaftesbury, in another passage of the same Letters, renders the +following tribute of praise to the _Essay on the Human Understanding_:-- + + "I am not sorry that I lent you Mr. Locke's _Essay on the Human + Understanding_, which may as well qualify for business and the + world as for the sciences and a University. No one has done more + towards the recalling of philosophy from barbarity into use and + practice of the world, and into the company of the better and + politer sort, who might well be ashamed of it in its other + dress. No one has opened a better or clearer way to reasoning; + and, above all, I wonder to hear him censured so much by any + Church of England men, for advancing reason and bringing the use + of it so much into religion, when it is by this only that we + fight against the enthusiasts and repel the great enemies of our + Church." + +A life of the author of the _Characteristics_ is hardly less a +desideratum than that of his grandfather, the Lord Chancellor, and would +make an interesting work, written in connection with the politics as +well as literature of the reigns of William and Anne; for the third Lord +Shaftesbury, though prevented by ill-health from undertaking office or +regularly attending parliament, took always a lively interest in +politics. An interesting collection of the third earl's letters has been +published by Mr. Foster (_Letters of Locke, Algernon Sidney, and the +Earl of Shaftesbury_), and a few letters from him to Locke are in Lord +King's _Life of Locke_. I subjoin a "note" of a few original letters of +the third Lord Shaftesbury in the British Museum; some of your readers +who frequent the British Museum may perhaps be induced to copy them for +your columns. + +Letters to Des Maizeaux (one interesting, offering him pecuniary +assistance) in _Ags. Cat._ MSS. 4288. + +Letters to Charles Montagu, Earl of Halifax[1], (one introducing +Toland). Add. MSS. 7121. + +Letter to Toland (printed, I think, in one of the _Memoirs of Toland_). +_Ags. Cat._ 4295. 10. + +Letter to T. Stringer in 1625. Ib. 4107. 115. + +In Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_, neither the _Letters to a young Man +at the University_, published in 1716, nor the collection of letters of +1746, are mentioned; and confusion is made between the author of the +_Characteristics_ and his grandfather the Chancellor. Several political +tracts, published during the latter part of Charles II.'s reign, which +have been ascribed to the first Earl of Shaftesbury, but of which, +though they were probably written under his supervision, it is extremely +doubtful that he was the actual author, are lumped together with the +_Characteristics_ as the works of one and the same Earl of Shaftesbury. + +Some years ago a discovery was made in Holland of MSS. of Le Clerc, and +some notice of the MSS., and extracts from them, are to be found in the +following work:-- + + "De Joanne Clerico et Philippo A. Limborch Dissertationes Duæ. + Adhibitis Epistolis aliisque Scriptis ineditis scripsit atque + eruditorum virorum epistolis nunc primum editis auxit Abr. Des + Amorie Van Der Hoeven, &c. Amstelodami: apud Fredericum Muller, + 1843." + +Two letters of Locke are among the MSS. Now it is mentioned by Mr. +Martyn, the biographer of the first Earl of Shaftesbury, in a MS. letter +in the British Museum, that some of this earl's papers were sent by the +family to Le Clerc, and were supposed not to have been returned. I +mention this, as I perceive you have readers and correspondents in +Holland, in the hope that I may possibly learn whether any papers +relating to the first Earl of Shaftesbury have been found among the +lately discovered Le Clerc MSS.; and it is not unlikely that the same +MSS. might contain letters of the third earl, the author of the +_Characteristics_, who was a friend and correspondent of Le Clerc. + +W.D. CHRISTIE. + + [Footnote 1: Two of these--one a letter asking the earl to stand + godfather to his son, and the other a short note, forwarding a + book (Qy. of Toland's)--are printed by Sir Henry Ellis in his + Camden volume, _Letters of Eminent Literary Men_.--ED.] + + * * * * * {99} + +CAXTON'S PRINTING-OFFICE. + +The particular spot where Caxton exercised his business, or the place +where his press was fixed, cannot now, perhaps, be exactly ascertained. +Dr. Dibdin, after a careful examination of existing testimonies, thinks +it most probable that he erected his press in one of the chapels +attached to the aisles of Westminster Abbey; and as no remains of this +interesting place can now be discovered, there is a strong presumption +that it was pulled down in making alterations for the building of Henry +VII.'s splendid chapel. + +It has been frequently asserted that all Caxton's books were printed in +a part of Westminster Abbey; this must be mere conjecture, because we +find no statement of it from himself: he first mentions the place of his +printing in 1477, so that he must have printed some time without +informing us where. + +With all possible respect for the opinions of Dr. Dibdin, and the +numerous writers on our early typography, I have very considerable +doubts as to whether Caxton really printed _within the walls of the +Abbey_ at all. I am aware that he himself says, in some of his +colophons, "Emprinted in th' Abbey of Westmynstre," but query whether +the _precincts_ of the Abbey are not intended? Stow, in his _Annals_ +(edit 1560, p. 686.), says,--"William Caxton of London, mercer, brought +it (printing) into England about the year 1471, and first practised the +same in the _Abbie_ of St. Peter at Westminster;" but in his _Survey of +London_, 1603 (edit. Thoms, p. 176.), the same writer gives us a more +full and particular account; it is as follows:-- + + "Near unto this house [i.e. Henry VII.'s alms-house], westward, + was an old chapel of St. Anne; over against the which, the Lady + Margaret, mother to King Henry VII., erected an alms-house for + poor women, which is now turned into lodgings for the singing + men of the college. The place wherein this chapel and alms-house + standeth was called the Elemosinary, or almonry, now corruptly + the ambry, for that the alms of the Abbey were there distributed + to the poor; and therein Islip, abbot of Westminster, erected + the first press of book-printing that ever was in England, about + the year of Christ 1471. William Caxton, citizen of London, + mercer, brought it into England, and was the first that + practised it _in the said abbey_; after which time the like was + practised in the abbeys of St. Augustine at Canterbury, St. + Albans, and other monasteries." + +Again, in the curious hand-bill preserved in the Bodleian Library, it +will be remembered that Caxton invites his customers to "come to +Westmonester _into the Almonestrye_," where they may purchase his books +"good chepe." + +From these extracts it is pretty clear that Caxton's printing-office was +in the Almonry, which was within the precincts of the Abbey, and not in +the Abbey itself. The "old chapel of St. Anne" was doubtless the place +where the first printing-office was erected in England. Abbot Milling +(not Islip, as stated by Stow) was the generous friend and patron of +Caxton and the art of printing; and it was by permission of this learned +monk that our printer was allowed the use of the building in question. + +The _old_ chapel of St. Anne stood in the New-way, near the back of the +workhouse, at the bottom of the almonry leading to what is now called +Stratton Ground. It was pulled down, I believe, about the middle of the +seventeenth century. The _new_ chapel of St. Anne, erected in 1631, near +the site of the old one, was destroyed about fifty years since. + +Mr. Cunningham, in his _Handbook for London_ (vol. i. p. 17.), says,-- + + "The first printing-press ever seen in England was set up in + this almonry under the patronage of _Esteney_, Abbot of + Westminster, by William Caxton, citizen and mercer (d. 1483)." + +Esteney succeeded Milling in the Abbacy of Westminster, but the latter +did not die before 1492. On p. 520. of his second volume, Mr. Cunninghan +gives the date of Caxton's death correctly, i.e. 1491. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +SANATORY LAWS IN OTHER DAYS. + +In that curious medley commonly designated, after Hearne, _Arnold's +Chronicle_, and which was probably first printed in 1502 or 1503, we +find the following passages. I make "notes" of them, from their peculiar +interest at the moment when sanatory bills, having the same objects, are +occupying the public attention so strongly; especially in respect to the +Smithfield Nuisance and the Clergy Discipline bill. + +1. In a paper entitled "The articles dishired bi y'e comonse of the cety +of London, for reformacyo of thingis to the same, of the Mayer, +Aldirmen, and Comon Counsell, to be enacted," we have the following:-- + + "Also that in anoyding the corupte savours and lothsom innoyaunc + (caused by slaughter of best) w'tin the cyte, wherby moche + people is corupte and infecte, it may plese my Lord Mayr, + Aldirmen, and Comen Counsaile, to put in execucion a certaine + acte of parlement, by whiche it is ordeigned y't no such + slaughter of best shuld be vsed or had within this cite, and + that suche penaltees be leuyed vpo the contrary doers as in the + said acte of parlement ben expressed. + + "Also in anoyding of lyke annoyauce. Plese it my Lord Mair, + Alderme, and Como Councell, to enact that noo manor pulter or + any other persone i this cytee kepe from hinsforth, within his + hous, swans, gies, or dowk, upon a peyn therfore to be + ordeigned."--pp. 83, 84, 3d. ed. + +I believe that one item of "folk-faith" is that "farm-yard odours are +healthy." I have often {100} heard it affirmed at least; and, indeed, +has not the common councilman, whom the _Times_ has happily designated +as the "defender of filth", totally and publicly staked his reputation +on the dogma in its most extravagant shape, within the last few months? +It is clear that nearly four centuries ago, the citizens of London +thought differently; even though "the corupte savours and lothsom +innoyaunc" were infinitely less loathsome than in the present Smithfield +and the City slaughter-houses. + +It would be interesting to know to what act of parliament Arnold's +citizens refer, and whether it has ever been repealed. It is curious to +notice, too, that the danger from infuriated beasts running wild through +the streets is not amongst the evils of the system represented. They go +further, however, and forbid even the _killing_ within the city. + +Moreover, it would really seem that the swan was not then a mere +ornamental bird, either alive or dead, but an ordinary article of +citizen-dinners, it being classed with "gies and dowks" in the business +of the poulterer. At the same time, no mention being made of swine in +any of these ordonnances or petitions, would at first sight seem to show +that the flesh of the hog was in abhorrence with the Catholic citizen, +as much perhaps as with the Jews themselves; at any rate, that it was +not a vendible article of food in those days. When did it become so? +This conclusion would, however, be erroneous; for amongst "the articles +of the good governaûce of the cite of London" shortly following we have +this:-- + + "Also yf ony persone kepe or norrysh hoggis, oxen, kyen, or + mallardis within the ward, in noyoying of ther neyhbours."--p. + 91. + +The proper or appointed place for keeping hoggis was Hoggistone, now +Hoxton; as Houndsditch[2] was for the hounds. + +There is another among these petitions to the Lord Mayor and +corporation, worthy of notice, in connection with sanatory law. + + "Also in avoydîg ye abhomynable savours causid by ye kepîg of ye + kenell in ye mote and ye diches there, and î especiall by sethig + of ye houndes mete wt roten bones, and vnclenly keping of ye + hoûdes, wherof moche people is anoyed, soo yt when the wynde is + in any poyte of the northe, all the fowle stynke is blowen ouer + the citee. Plese it mi Lord Mair, Aldirmen, and Comen Coûcell, + to ordeigne that the sayd kenell be amoued and sett in sô other + côuenient place where as best shall seme them. And also that the + said diches mai be clensed from yere to yere, and so kepte yt + thereof folowe non annoyaunce."--p. 87. + +Of course "Houndsditch" is here meant; but for what purpose were the +hounds kept? And, indeed, what kind of hounds were they, that thus +formed a part of the City establishment? Were they bloodhounds for +tracking criminals, or hounds kept for the special behoof and pleasure +of the "Lord Mair, Aldermen, and Comen Coûsel?" The Houndsditch of that +time bore a strong resemblance to the Fleet ditch of times scarcely +exceeding the memory of many living men. + +I come now to the passages relating to the clergy. + + "Also, where as the curatis of the cyte have used often tyme + herebefore to selle their offring (at mariag), whereby the + pisshês where such sales be made comenly be lettid fro messe or + matyns, and otherwhiles from both, by so moch as the frendis of + the pties maryed vsen to goo abowte vij. or viij. dayes before, + and desiryg men to offryg at such tymes as more conuenyent it + were to be at diunyne seruice. Plese it my Lord Mair, Aldirmê, + and Comê Coûseile, to puide remedy, so that the sayd custume be + fordone and leid aparte."--p. 86. + + "Also, to thentent that the ordre of priesthood be had in dew + reuerence according to the dignite therof, and that none + occasions of incontinence growe bee the famylyarite of seculer + people. Plese it my Lord Mayre, Aldirmen, and Comon Counsyll, to + enacte that no maner persone beyng free of this citee take, + receyue, and kepe from hensforth ony priest in comons, or to + borde by the weke, moneth, or yere, or ony other terme more or + lesse, vpon peine thervpon to be lymytyd, prouided that this + acte extêde not to ony prieste retayned wyth a citezen in + famyliar housolde."--p. 89. + + "Also, plese it my Lord Mayre, Aldyrmen, and Comon Counseylle, + that a communication may be had wyth the curatis of this citee + for oblacions whiche they clayme to haue of citezens agaynst the + tenour of the bulle purchased att their owne instance, and that + it may be determined and an ende taken, whervpon the citezens + shall rest."--p. 89. + + "Also, yf ther be ony priest in seruice within the warde, which + afore tyme hath been sette in the toune in Cornhyll for his + dishoneste, and hath forsworne the cyte, alle suche shulde bee + presentyd."--p. 92. + +Upon these I shall make no remark. They will make different impressions +on different readers; according to the extent of prejudice or liberality +existing in different minds. They show that even during the most +absolute period of ecclesiastical domination, there was one spot in +England where attempts to legislate for the priesthood (though perhaps +feeble enough) were made. The legislative {101} powers of the +corporation were at that time very ample; and the only condition by +which they appear to have been limited was, that they should not +override an act of parliament or a royal proclamation. + +Is there any specific account of the "tonne in Cornhyll" existing? Its +purpose, in connection with the conduit, admits of no doubt; the +forsworn and dishonest priest had been punished with a "good ducking," +and this, no doubt, accompanied with a suitable ceremonial for the +special amusement of the "'prentices."[3] + +I have also marked a few passages relative to the police and the fiscal +laws of those days, and when time permits, will transcribe them for you, +if you deem them worthy of being laid before your readers. + +T.S.D. + + [Footnote 2: Mr. Cunningham, speaking of Houndsditch, merely + quotes the words of Stow. It would appear that Stow's reason for + the name is entirely conjectural; and indeed the same reason + would justify the same name being applied to all the "ditches" + in London in the year 1500, and indeed much later. This passage + of Arnold throws a new light upon the _name_, at least, of that + rivulet; for stagnant its waters could not be, from its + inclination to the horizon. It, however, raises another question + respecting the mode of keeping and feeding hounds in those days; + and likewise, as suggested in the text, the further question, as + to the purpose for which these hounds were thus kept as a part + of the civic establishment.] + + [Footnote 3: This view will no doubt be contested on the + authority of Stow, who describes the tonne as a "prison for + night-walkers," so called from the form in which it was built. + (Cunningham, p. 141., 2nd ed.) Yet, as Mr. Cunningham elsewhere + states (p. xxxix.), "the Tun upon Corn-hill [was] converted into + a conduit" in 1401, it would hardly be called a "prison" a + century later. The probability is, that the especial building + called the tonne never was a prison at all; but that the prison, + from standing near or adjoining the tonne, took its name, the + tonne prison, in conformity with universal usage. It is equally + probable that the tonne was originally built for the purpose to + which it was ultimately applied; and that some delay arose in + its use from the difficulty experienced in the hydraulic part of + the undertaking, which was only overcome in 1401. The + universality of the punishment of "ducking" amongst our + ancestors is at least a circumstance in favour of the view taken + in the text.] + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Midsummer Fires._--From your notice of Mr. Haslam's account of the +Beltein or Midsummer fires in Cornwall, I conclude you will give a place +to the following note. On St. John's eve last past, I happened to pass +the day at a house situate on an elevated tract in the county of +Kilkenny, Ireland; and I shall long remember the beauty of the sight, +when, as dusk closed in, fire after fire shot up its clear flame, +thickly studding the near plains and distant hills. The evening was calm +and still, and the mingled shouts and yells of the representatives of +the old fire-worshippers came with a very singular effect on the ear. +When a boy, I have often _passed through_ the fire myself on Midsummer +eve, and such is still the custom. The higher the flame, the more daring +the act is considered: hence there is a sort of emulation amongst the +unwitting perpetrators of this Pagan rite. In many places cattle are +driven through the fire; and this ceremony is firmly believed to have a +powerful effect in preserving them from various harms. I need not say, +that amongst the peasantry the fires are now lighted in honour of St +John. + +X.Y.A. + +Kilkenny. + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Borrowed Thoughts._--Mr. SINGER (Vol. i., p. 482.) points out the +French original from which Goldsmith borrowed his epigram beginning-- + + "Here lies poor Ned Purdon." + +I find, in looking over Swift's works, a more literal version of this +than Goldsmith's:-- + + "Well then, poor G---- lies under ground, + So there's an end of honest Jack; + So little justice here he found, + 'Tis ten to one he'll ne'er come back." + +I should like to add two Queries:--Who was the Chevallier de Cailly (or +d'Aceilly), the author of the French epigram mentioned by Mr. Singer? +And--when did he live? + +H.C. DE ST. CROIX + + +_An Infant Prodigy in 1659._--The following wonderful story is thus +related by Archbishop Bramhall (Carte's _Letters_, ii. 208.: Dr. +Bramhall to Dr. Earles, Utrecht, Sept. 6-16, 1659):-- + + "A child was born in London about three months since, with a + double tongue, or divided tongue, which the third day after it + was born, cried 'a King, a King,' and bid them bring it to the + King. The mother of the child saieth it told her of all that + happened in England since, and much more which she dare not + utter. This my lady of Inchiguin writeth to her aunt, _Me brow + van Melliswarde_[4], living in this city, who shewed me the + letter. My Lady writeth that she herself was as incredulous as + any person, until she both saw and heard it speak herself very + lately, as distinctly as she herself could do, and so loud that + all the room heard it. That which she heard was this. A + gentleman in the company took the child in his arms and gave it + money, and asked what it would do with it, to which it answered + aloud that it would give it to the King. If my Lady were so + foolish to be deceived, or had not been an eye and ear witness + herself, I might have disputed it; but giving credit to her, I + cannot esteem it less than a miracle. If God be pleased to + bestow a blessing upon us, he cannot want means." + +It can hardly be doubted that the Archbishop's miracle was a +ventriloquist hoax. + +CH. + + [Footnote 4: The name of the Dutch lady, mis-written for De + Vrouw, &c.] + + +_Allusion in Peter Martyr._--Mr. Prescott, in his _History of the +Conquest of Mexico_ vol. i. p. 389. (ed. 8vo. 1843), quotes from Peter +Martyr, _De Orbe Novo_, dec. 1. c. l., the words, "Una illis fuit spes +salutis, desperasse de salute," applied to the Spanish invaders of +Mexico; and he remarks that "it is said with the classic energy of +Tacitus." The {102} expression is classical, but is not derived from +Tacitus. The allusion is to the verse of Virgil:-- + + "Una salus victis nullam sperare salutem." + +_Æn._ ii. 354. + +L. + + +_Hogs not Pigs._--In Cowper's humorous verses, "The yearly Distress, or +Tithing-time at Stoke in Essex," one of the grumblers talks + + "of pigs that he has lost + By maggots at the tail." + +Upon this I have to remark that an intelligent grazier assures me that +pigs are never subject to the evil here complained of, but that lambs of +a year old, otherwise called "hogs" or "hoggets," are often infested by +it. It would appear, therefore, that the poet, misled by the ambiguous +name, and himself knowing nothing of the matter but by report, +attributed to pigs that which happens to the other kind of animal, viz. +lambs a year old, which have not yet been shorn. + +J. MN. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +A QUERY AND REPLIES. + +_Plaister or Paster--Christian Captives--Members for Calais, &c._--In +editing Tyndale's _Pathway_ (_Works_, vol. i. p. 22.), I allowed +preceding editors to induce me to print _pastor_, where the oldest +authority had _paster_. As the following part of the sentence speaks of +"suppling and suaging wounds," I am inclined to suspect that "paster" +might be an old way of spelling, "plaster." Can any of your +correspondents supply me with any instance in which "plaster" or +"plaister" is spelt "paster" by any old English writer? + +In return for troubling you with this question, you may inform Mr. +Sansom, in answer to Query, Vol. ii., p. 41., that Hallam says, "Not +less than fifty gentlemen were sold for slaves at Barbadoes, under +Cromwell's government." (_Constit. Hist._, ch. x. note to p. 128., 4to. +edit.) And though Walker exaggerated matters when he spoke "a project to +sell some of the most eminent masters of colleges, &c., to the Turks for +slaves," Whitelock's _Memorials_ will inform him, under date of Sept. +21, 1648, that the English Parliament directed one of its committees "to +take care for transporting the Scotch prisoners, in the first place to +supply the plantations, and to send the rest to Venice." + +To another, O.P.Q. (Vol. ii., p. 9.), you may state that the members for +Calais in the time of Edw. VI., and in the first four parliaments of +Mary, may be seen in Willis' _Notitia Parliamentaria_, where their names +are placed next to the members for the Cinque Ports. Willis states that +the return for Calais for the last parliament of Henry VIII is lost. +Their names indicate that they were English,--such as Fowler, +Massingberd, &c. + +As to umbrellas, there are Oriental scholars who can inform your +inquirers that the word "satrap" is traceable to words whose purport is, +the bearer of an umbrella. + +Another of your latest Querists may find the epigrams on George II.'s +(not, as he imagines, Charles I.'s) different treatment of the two +English universities in Knox's _Elegent Extracts_. The lines he has +cited are both from the same epigram, and, I think, from the first of +the two. They were occasioned by George. II's purchasing the library of +Dr. Moore, Bishop of Ely, and giving it to the university of Cambridge. + +The admirer of another epigram has not given it exactly as I can +remember it in a little book of emblems more than fifty years ago:-- + + "'Tis an excellent world that we live in, + To lend, to spend, or to give in; + But to borrow or beg, or get a man's own, + 'Tis just the worst world that ever was known." + +H. WALTER. + + * * * * * + +LETTERS OF QUEEN ELIZABETH AND PHILIP II. OF SPAIN. + +Perhaps some of your readers may be able to inform me whether any of the +following letters between Queen Elizabeth and Philip II. of Spain, +extracted from the archives of Simancas, have yet appeared in print:-- + +1. Queen Elizabeth to Philip II., January 9, 1562-3. + +2. Answer, April 2, 1563. + +3. Philip II.'s reply to the English ambassador in the case of Bishop +Cuadra, April, 1563. + +4. Charges made in England against the Bishop of Aquila, Philip's +ambassador, and the answers. + +5. Queen Elizabeth to Philip II., January 18, 1569. + +6. Philip to Elizabeth, May 9, 1569. + +7. Elizabeth to Philip, March 20, 1571. + +8. Answer, June 4, 1571. + +9. Declaration of the Council to the Spanish ambassador Don Gueran de +Espes, Dec. 14, 1571. + +10. The ambassador's answer. + +11. Elizabeth to Philip, Dec. 16, 1571. + +12. Bermandino de Mendoza to Philip II., in cypher, London, January 26, +1584. + +13. Philip to Elizabeth, July, 16, 1568. + +14. Duke of Alva to Philip II., January 14, 1572. + +15. Minutes of a letter from Philip II. to Don Gueran de Espes, February +24, 1572. + +A.M. + + * * * * * {103} + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_The New Temple._--As your correspondent L.B.L. states (Vol. ii., p. +75.) that he has transcribed a MS. survey of the Hospitallers' lands in +England, taken in 1338, he will do me a great kindness if he will +extract so much of it as contains a description of the New Temple in +London, of which they became possessed just before that date. It will +probably state whether it was then in the occupation of themselves or +others: and, even if it does not throw any light on the tradition that +the lawyers were then established there, or explain the division into +the Inner and Middle Temple, it will at least give some idea of the +boundaries, and perhaps determine whether the site of Essex House, +which, in an ancient record is called the Outer Temple, was then +comprehended within them. + +EDWARD FOSS. + + +"_Junius Identified._"--The name of "John Taylor" is affixed to the +Preface, and there can be little doubt, I presume, that Mr. John Taylor +was literally _the writer_ of this work. It has, however, already become +a question of some interest, to what extent he was assisted by Mr. +Dubois. The late Mr. George Woodfall always spoke of the pamphlet as the +work of Dubois. Lord Campbell, in his _Lives of the Chancellors_, +published a statement by Lady Francis in respect to Sir Philip's claim +to the authorship of _Junius' Letters_, and thus introduced it--"I am +indebted for it to the kindness of my old and excellent friend, Mr. +Edward Dubois, _the ingenious author of 'Junius Identified'_" Mr. Dubois +was then, and Mr. Taylor is now living, and both remained silent. Sir +Fortunatus Dwarris, the intimate friend of Dubois, states that he was +"_a connection_ of Sir Philip Francis", and that the pamphlet is "said, +I know not with what truth, to have been prepared under the eye of Sir +Philip Francis, it may be, through the agency of Dubois." Dubois was +certainly connected with, though not, I believe, related to Sir Philip; +and at the time of the publication he was also connected with Mr. +Taylor. I hope, under these circumstances, that Mr. Taylor will think it +right to favour you with a statement of the facts, that future +"Note"-makers may not perplex future editors with endless "Queries" on +the subject. + +R.J. + + +_Mildew in Books._--Can you, or any of your readers, suggest a +preventive for mildew in books? + +In a valuable public library in this town (Liverpool), much injury has +been occasioned by mildew, the operations of which appear very +capricious; in some cases attacking the printed part of an engraving, +leaving the margin unaffected; in others attacking the inside of the +backs _only_; and in a few instances it attacks all parts with the +utmost impartiality. + +Any hints as to cause or remedy will be most acceptable. + +B. + + +_George Herbert's Burial-place._--Can any of your correspondents inform +me where the venerable George Herbert, rector of Bemerton, co. Wilts., +was buried, and whether there is any monument of him existing in any +church? + +J.R. Fox. + + +_The Earl of Essex, and "The Finding of the Rayned Deer."_-- + + "There is a boke printed at Franker in Friseland, in English, + entitled _The Finding of the Rayned Deer_, but it bears title to + be printed in Antwerp, it should say to be done by som prieste + in defence of the late Essex's tumult." + +The above is the postscript to a letter of the celebrated Father Parsons +written "to one Eure, in England", April 30, 1601, a contemporary copy +of which exists in the State Paper Office [Rome,] Whitehall. Can any of +your readers tell me whether anything is known of this book? + +SPES. + +June 28. 1850. + + +_The Lass of Richmond Hill._--I should be much obliged by being informed +who wrote the _words_ of the above song, and when, if it was produced +originally at some place of public entertainment. The Rev. Thomas +Maurice, in his elegant poem on Richmond Hill, has considered it to have +been written upon a Miss Crop, who committed suicide on that spot, April +23rd, 1782; but he was evidently misinformed, as it appeared some few +years later, and had no reference to that event. I have heard it +attributed to Leonard Mac Nally, a writer of some dramatic pieces, but +on no certain grounds; and it may have been a Vauxhall song about the +year 1788. The music was by James Hook, the father of Theodore Hook. + +QUÆRO. + + +_Curfew._--In what towns or villages in England is the old custom of +ringing the curfew still retained? + +NABOC. + + +_Alumni of Oxford, Cambridge, and Winchester._--Are the alumni of the +various colleges of Oxford, Cambridge, and Winchester, published from an +early period, and the various preferments they held, similar to the one +published at Eton. + +J.R. Fox. + + +_St. Leger's Life of Archbishop Walsh._--In Doctor Oliver's _History of +the Jesuits_, it is stated that William St. Leger, an Irish member of +that Society, wrote the _Life of Thomas Walsh, Archbishop of Cashel_, in +Ireland, published in 4to. at Antwerp in 1655. Can any of your numerous +readers inform me if a copy of this work is to be found in the British +Museum, or any other public library, and something of its contents? + +J.W.H. {104} + + +_Query put to a Pope._-- + + "Sancte Pater! scire vellem + Si Papatus mutat pellem?" + +I have been told that these lines were addressed to one of the popes, +whose life, before his elevation to the see of St. Peter, had been +passed in excesses but little suited to the clerical profession. + +They were addressed to him _orally_, by one of his former associates, +who met and stopped him while on his way to or from some high festival +of the Church, and who plucked aside, as he spoke, the gorgeous robes in +which his quondam fellow-reveller was dressed. + +The reply of the pope was prompt, and, like the question, in a rhyming +Latin couplet. I wish, if possible, to discover, the name of the +pope;--the terms of his reply;--the name of the bold man who "_put him +to the question_;"--by what writer the anecdote is recorded, or on what +authority it rests. + +C. FORBES. + +Temple. + + +_The Carpenter's Maggot._--I have in my possession a MS. tune called the +"Carpenter's Maggot," which, until within the last few years, was played +(I know for nearly a century) at the annual dinner of the Livery of the +Carpenters' Company. Can any of your readers inform me where the +original is to be found, and also the origin of the word "Maggot" as +applied to a tune? + +F.T.P. + + +_Lord Delamere._--Can any of your readers give me the words of a song +called "Lord Delamere," beginning: + + "I wonder very much that our sovereign king, + So many large taxes upon this land should bring." + +And inform me to what political event this song, of which I have an +imperfect MS. copy, refers. + +EDWARD PEACOCK, JUN. + + +_Henry and the Nut-brown Maid._--SEARCH would be obliged for any +information as to the authorship of this beautiful ballad. + + [Mr. Wright, in his handsome black-letter reprint, published by + Pickering in 1836, states, that "it is impossible to fix the + date of this ballad," and has not attempted to trace the + authorship. We shall be very glad if SEARCH's Query should + produce information upon either of these points.] + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + +FRENCH POEM BY MALHERBE. + +The two stanzas your correspondent E.R.C.B. has cited (Vol. ii., p. 71.) +are from an elegiac poem by MALHERBE (who died in 1628, at the good old +age of seventy-three), which is entitled _Consolation à Monsieur Du +Perrier sur la Mort de sa Fille_. It has always been a great favorite of +mine; for, like Gray's Elegy and the celebrated _Coplas_ of Jorge +Manrique on the death of his father, beside its philosophic moralising +strain, it has that pathetic character which makes its way at once to +the heart. I will transcribe the first four stanzas for the sake of the +beauty of the fourth:-- + + "Ta douleur, Du Perrier, sera done éternelle, + Et les tristes discours + Que te met en l'esprit l'amitié paternelle + L'augmenteront toujours. + + "Le malheur de ta fille au tombeau descendue, + Par un commun trépas, + Est-ce quelque dédale, où ta raison perdue + Ne se retrouve pas? + + "Je sai de quels appas son enfance estoit pleine; + Et n'ay pas entrepris, + Injurieux ami, de soulager ta peine + Avecque son mépris. + + "Mais elles estoit du monde, où les plus belles choses + Ont le pire destin: + Et Rose elle a vécu ce que vivent les roses, + L'espace d'un matin." + +The whole poem consists of twenty-one stanzas and should be read as a +whole; but there are several other striking passages. The consolation +the poet offers to his friend breathes the spirit of Epictetus:-- + + "De moy, déjà deux fois d'une pareille foudre + Je me suis vu perclus, + Et deux fois la raison m'a si bien fait resoudre, + Qu'il ne m'en souvient plus. + + "Non qu'il ne me soit grief que la terre possède + Ce qui me fut si cher; + Mais en un accident qui n'a point de remède, + II n'en faut point chercher." + +Then follow the two stanzas cited by your correspondent, and the closing +verse is:-- + + "De murmurer contre-elle et perdre patience, + Il est mal-à -propos: + Vouloir ce que Dieu veut, est la seule science + Qui nous met en repos." + +The stanza beginning "Le pauvre en sa cabane," is an admirable imitation +of the "Pallida mors æquo pulsat pede," &c. of Horace, which a +countryman of the poet is said to have less happily rendered "La pâle +mort avec son pied de cheval," &c. + +Malherbe has been duly appreciated in France: his works, in one edition, +are accompanied by an elaborate comment by Menage and Chevreau: Racan +wrote his life, and Godeau, Bishop of Vence, a panegyrical preface. He +was a man of wit, and ready at an impromptu; yet it is said, that in +writing a consolotary poem to the President de Verdun, on the death of +his wife, he was so long {105} in bringing his verses to that degree of +perfection which satisfied his own fastidious taste, that the president +was happily remarried, and the consolation not at all required. + +Bishop Hurd, in a note on the _Epistle to Augustus_, p. 72., says: + + "Malherbe was to the French pretty much what Horace had been to + Latin poetry. These great writers had, each of them, rescued the + lyric muse of their country out of the rude ungracious hands of + their old poets. And, as their talents of a _good ear_, _elegant + judgment_, and _correct expression_, were the same, they + presented her to the public in all the air and grace, and yet + _severity_, of beauty, of which her form was susceptible." + +S.W. SINGER. + +Mickleham, July 2. 1850. + + * * * * * + +"DIES IRÆ, DIES ILLA." + +In reply to the first of Mr. SIMPSON's Queries (Vol. ii., p. 72.) +relative to the magnificent sequence _Dies iræ_, I beg to say that the +author of it is utterly unknown. The following references may be +sufficient:--Card. Bona, _Rer. Liturgic._ lib. ii. cap. vi. p. 336., +Romæ, 1671; or, if possible, Sala's edition, tom. iii. p 143., Aug. +Turin. 1753; Gavantus, tom. i. pp. 274-5., Lugd. 1664; and the +_Additions_ by Merati, i. 117-18., Aug. Vindel, 1740; Zaccaria, +_Biblioth. Ritual._ tom. i. p. 34., Romæ, 1776; Oldoini Addit. ad +Ciaconii _Vit. Pontiff. et Cardd._, tom. ii. col. 222., Romæ, 1677. + +Mr. SIMPSON's second question is, "In what book was it first printed?" +Joannes de Palentia, in his notes upon the _Ordinarium PP. Præd._, +asserts that this celebrated prose was first introduced into the Venice +editions of the Missals printed for the Dominicans. The oldest _Missale +Prædicatorum_ which I possess, or have an opportunity of seeing, is a +copy of the Parisian impression of the year 1519; and herein the _Dies +iræ_ is inserted in the _Commemoratio Defunctorum_; mens. Novemb. sig. +M. 5. + +An inquiry remains as to the date of the general adoption of this +sequence by the Roman Church. In Quetif and Echard (_Scriptt. Ord. +Præd._ i. 437.), under the name of Latinus Malabranca, we read that it +certainly was not in use in the year 1255; and there does not appear to +be the slightest evidence of its admission, even upon private authority, +into the office for the dead anterior to the commencement of the +fifteenth century. + +Your correspondent was not mistaken in his belief that he had met with +an imperfect transcript of this prose, for the original consists not of +"twenty-seven," but of _fifty-seven_ lines. I may add that I do not +remember to have found the text more correctly given than in the +beautiful folio missal of the church of Augsburg, partly printed on +vellum in 1555 (fol. 466. b.). + +R.G. + + +The _Dies Iræ_ is truly said by Mr. SPARROW SIMPSON (Vol. ii., p. 72.) +to be an extremely beautiful hymn. Who was its author is very doubtful, +but the probabilities are in favour of Thomas de Celano, a Minorite +friar, who lived during the second half of the fourteenth century. It +consists of nineteen strophes, each having three lines. Bartholomew of +Pisa, A.D. 1401, in his _Liber Conformitatum_, speaks of it; but the +earliest printed book in which I have ever seen this hymn, is the +_Missale Romanum_, printed at Pavia, A.D. 1491, in 8vo., a copy of which +I have in my possession. + +D. ROCK. + +Buckland, Faringdon. + + * * * * * + +DR. SAMUEL OGDEN. + +In reply to your correspondent TWYFORD (Vol. ii., p. 73.), the original +of the common surname _Ogden_ is doubtless Oakden. A place so called is +situated in Butterworth, Lancashire, and gave name to a +family,--possibly extinct in the sixteenth century. A clergymam, whose +name partook both of the original and its corruption, was vicar of +Bradford, 1556, viz Dus Tho. _Okden_. The arms and crest borne by the +Oakdens were both allusive to the name, certainly without any reference +to King Charles's hiding-place. + +Dr. Samuel Ogden, born in 1716 at Winchester, was the son of Thomas +Ogden, a man of very humble origin: but he had the merit of giving a +liberal education to one whose natural talents well deserved culture; +and both his parents, in the decline of life, owed their support to +Ogden's filial piety and affection. Cole is quite mistaken in fixing the +father's residence at Mansfield, and in stating that he had been in the +army. The monument, spoken of by Cole, is not at Mansfield, but in the +cathedral of Manchester: nor is it a memorial of Dr. Ogden. It was +placed by him in memory of his _father_. Ogden was buried in his own +church, St. Sephlchre's, Cambridge. + +The following epigram, it is believed, has not been printed. It is +transcribed from a letter in my possession, addressed by the first Lord +Alvanley, when at college, to his former tutor, Mr. Thyer, editor of +_Butler's Remains_:-- + + "When Ogden his prosaic verse + In Latin numbers drest, + The Roman language prov'd too weak + To stand the Critic's test. + + "To English Rhyme he next essay'd, + To show he'd some pretence; + But ah! Rhyme only would not do-- + They still expected Sense. + + "Enrag'd, the Doctor said he'd place + In Critics no reliance, + So wrapt his thoughts in Arabic, + And bad them all defiance." + +J.H. MARKLAND. + + * * * * * {106} + +_Ogden Family_ (Vol. ii., p. 73.).--Perhaps the representatives of the +late Thomas Ogden, Esq., and who was a private banker at Salisbury +previous to 1810 (presuming he was a member of the family mentioned by +your correspondent TWYFORD), might be able to furnish him with the +information he seeks. + +J.R. FOX. + + * * * * * + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Porson's Imposition_ (Vol. i., p. 71.) is indeed, I believe, an +_imposition_. The last line quoted (and I suppose all the rest) can +hardly be Porson's, for Mr. Langton amused Johnson, Boswell, and a +dinner party at General Oglethorpe's, on the 14th of April, 1778, with +some macaronic Greek "by _Joshua Barnes_, in which are to be found such +comical Anglo-hellenisms as [Greek: klubboisin ebagchthae] they were +banged with clubs." Boswell's _Johnson_, last ed. p. 591. + +C. + + +_The Three Dukes_ (Vol. ii., pp. 9, 46, 91.).--Andrew Marvel thus makes +mention of the outrage on the beadle in his letter to the Mayor of Hull, +Feb. 28, 1671 (_Works_, i. 195.):-- + + "On Saturday night last, or rather Sunday morning, at two + o'clock, some persons reported to be of great quality, together + with other gentlemen, set upon the watch and killed a poor + beadle, praying for his life upon his knees, with many wounds; + warrants are out for apprehending some of them, but they are + fled." + +I am not aware of any contemporary authority for the names of the three +dukes; and a difficulty in the way of assigning them by conjecture is, +that in the poem they are called "three bastard dukes." Your +correspondent C. has rightly said (p. 46.) that none of Charles II.'s +bastard sons besides Monmouth would have been old enough in 1671 to be +actors in such a fray. Sir Walter Scott, in his notes on _Absalom and +Achitophel_, referring to the poem, gives the assault to Monmouth and +some of his brothers; but he did so, probably, without considering +dates, and on the strength of the words "three bastard dukes." + +Mr. Lister, in the passage in his _Life of Clarendon_ referred to by Mr. +Cooper (p. 91.), gives no authority for his mention of Albemarle. I +should like to know if Mr. Wade has any other authority than Mr. Lister +for this statement in his useful compilation. + +Were it certain that three dukes were engaged in this fray, and were we +not restricted to "bastards," I should say that Monmouth, Albemarle, and +Richmond (who married the beautiful Miss Stuart, and killed himself by +drinking) would probably be the three culprits. As regards Albemarle, he +might perhaps have been called bastard without immoderate use of +libeller's licence. + +If three dukes did murder the beadle, it is strange that their names +have not been gibbeted in many of the diaries and letters which we have +of that period. And this is the more strange, as this assault took place +just after the attack on Sir John Coventry, which Monmouth instigated, +and which had created so much excitement. + +The question is not in itself of much importance; but I can suggest a +mode in which it may possibly be settled. Let the royal pardons of 1671 +be searched in the Rolls' Chapel, Chancery Lane. If the malefactors were +pardoned by name, the three dukes may there turn up. Or if any of your +readers is able to look through the Domestic Papers for February and +March, 1671, in the State Paper Office, he would be likely to find there +come information upon the subject. + +Query. Is the doggerel poem in the _State Poems_ Marvel's? Several poems +which are ascribed to him are as bad in versification, and, I need not +say, in coarseness. + +Query 2. Is there any other authority for Queen Catharine's fondness for +dancing than the following lines of the poem? + + "See what mishaps dare e'en invade Whitehall, + This silly fellow's death puts off the ball, + And disappoints the Queen's foot, little Chuck; + I warrant 'twould have danced it like a duck." + +CH. + + +_Kant's Sämmtliche Werke._--Under the head of "Books and Odd Volumes" +(Vol. ii., p. 59.), there is a Query respecting the XIth part of Kant's +_Sämmtliche Werke_, to which I beg to reply that it was published at +Leipzig, in two portions, in 1842. It consists of Kant's Letters, +Posthumous Fragments, and Biography. The work was completed by a 12th +vol., containing a history of the Kantian Philosophy, by Carl +Rosenkranz, one of the editors of this edition of Kant. + +J.M. + + +_Becket's Mother_ (Vol. i., pp. 415. 490.; vol. ii., p. 78.).--Although +the absence of any contemporaneous relation of this lady's romantic +history may raise a reasonable doubt of its authenticity, it seems to +derive indirect confirmation from the fact, that the hospital founded by +Becket's sister shortly after his death, on the spot where he was born, +part of which is now the Mercers' chapel in Cheapside, was called "The +Hospital of St. Thomas the Martyr _of Acon_." Erasmus, also, in his +_Pilgrimages to Walsingham and Canterbury_ (see J.G. Nichol's excellent +translation and notes, pp. 47. 120.), says that the archbishop was +called "Thomas _Acrensis_." + +Edward Foss. + + +_"Imprest" and "Debenture."_--Perhaps the following may be of some use +to D.V.S. (Vol. ii., p. 40.) in his search for the verbal raw material +out of which these words were manufactured. + +Their origin may, I think, be found in the Latin terms used in the +ancient accounts of persons {107} officially employed by the crown to +express transactions somewhat similar to those for which they appear to +be now used. Persons conversant with those records must frequently have +met with cases where money advanced, paid on account, or as earnest, was +described as "de prestito" or "in prestitis." Ducange gives "præstare" +and its derivatives as meaning "mutuo dare" with but little variation; +but I think that too limited a sense. The practice of describing a +document itself by the use of the material or operative parts expressing +or defining the transaction for which it was employed, is very common. +In legal and documentary proceedings, it is indeed the only one that is +followed. Let D.V.S. run over and compare any of the well-known +descriptions of writs, as _habeas corpus_, _mandamus_, _fi. fa._: or +look into Cowell's _Interpreter_, or a law dictionary, and he will see +numerous cases where terms now known as the names of certain documents +are merely the operative parts of Latin _formulæ_. "Imprest" seems to be +a slightly corrupted translation of "in prestito;" that part of the +instrument being thus made to give its name to the whole. Of "debenture" +I think there is little doubt that it may be similarly explained. Those +Record Offices which possess the ancient accounts and vouchers of +officers of the royal household contain numerous "debentures" of the +thirteenth, but far more of the fourteenth, century. In this case the +_initial_ is the chief operative word: those relating to the royal +wardrobe, commencing "Debentur in garderoba domini regis," being in fact +merely memorandums expressing or acknowledging that certain sums of +money "are owing" for articles supplied for the use of that department. +It is well known that the royal exchequer was, at the time these +documents were executed, often in great straits; and it seems to me +scarcely doubtful that these early "debentures" were actually delivered +over to tradesmen, &c., as security for the amount due to them, and +given in to be cancelled when the debts were discharged by the Exchequer +officers. + +There is a remarkable feature about these ancient "debentures" which I +may perhaps be permitted to notice here, viz., the very beautiful seals +of the officers of the royal household and wardrobe which are impressed +upon them. They are of the somewhat rare description known as +"appliqué;" and at a time when personal seals were at the highest state +of artistic developement, those few seals of the clerks of the household +which have escaped injury (to which they are particularly exposed) are +unrivalled for their clearness of outline, design, delicacy, and beauty +of execution. + +Allowing for the changes produced by time, I think sufficient analogy +may be found between the ancient and modern uses of the words "imprest" +and "debenture." + +J. BT. + + +"_Imprest_" (Vol. ii., p. 40).--D.V.S. will find an illustration of the +early application of this word to advances made by the Treasury in the +"Rotulus de _Prestito_" of 12 John, printed by the Record Commission +under the careful editorship of Mr. T. Duffus Hardy, whose preface +contains a clear definition of its object, and an account of other +existing rolls of the same character. + +EDWARD FOSS. + + +_Derivation of News._--P.C.S.S. has read with great interest the various +observations on the derivation of the word "News" which have appeared in +the "NOTES AND QUERIES," and especially those of the learned and +ingenious Mr. Hickson. He ventures, however, with all respect, to differ +from the opinion expressed by that gentleman in Vol. i., p. 81., to the +effect that-- + + "In English, there is no process known by which a noun plural + can be formed from an adjective, without the previous formation + of the singular in the same sense." + +P.C.S.S. would take the liberty of reminding Mr. H. of the following +passage in the _Tempest_:-- + + "When that is gone, + He shall drink nought but brine, for I'll not show him + Where the quick freshes lie." + +Surely, in this instance, the plural noun "freshes" is not formed from +any such singular noun as "_fresh_," but directly from the adjective, +which latter does not seem to have been ever used as a singular _noun_. + +While on the subject of "News," P.C.S.S. finds in Pepys' _Diary_ (vol. +iii. p. 59.) another application of the word, in the sense of a noun +singular, which he does not remember to have seen noticed by others. + + "Anon, the coach comes--in the meantime, there coming a _news_ + thither, with his horse to come over." + +In other parts of the _Diary_, the word _News-book_ is occasionally +employed to signify what is now termed a newspaper, or, more properly, a +bulletin. For instance (vol. iii. p. 29.), we find that-- + + "This _News-book_, upon Mr. Moore's showing L'Estrange Captain + Ferrers's letter, did do my Lord Sandwich great right as to the + late victory." + +And again (at p. 51.): + + "I met this noon with Dr. Barnett, who told me, and I find in + the _News-book_ this week, that he posted upon the 'Change,'" + &c. &c. + +Much has been lately written in the "NOTES AND QUERIES" respecting the +"Family of Love." A sect of a similar name existed here in 1641, and a +full and not very decent description of their rites and orgies is to be +found in a small pamphlet of that date, reprinted in the fourth volume +(8vo. ed.) of the _Harleian Miscellany_. + +P.C.S.S. {108} + + +_Origin of Adur_ (Vol. ii., p. 71.).--A, derived from the same root as +Aqua and the French _Eau_, is a frequent component of the names of +rivers: "A-dur, A-run, A-von, A-mon," the adjunct being supposed to +express the individual characteristic of the stream. _A-dur_ would then +mean the _river of oaks_, which its course from Horsham Forest through +the Weald of Sussex, of which "oak is the weed," would sufficiently +justify. It is called in ancient geography _Adurnus_, and is probably +from the same root as the French _Adour_. + +C. + + +The river Adur, which passes by Shoreham, is the same name as the Adour, +a great river in the Western Pyrenees. + +This coincidence seems to show that it is neither a Basque word, nor a +Saxon. Whether it is a mere expansion of _ydwr_, the water, in Welch, I +cannot pretend to say, but probably it includes it. + +We have the Douro in Spain; and the Doire, or Doria, in Piedmont. +Pompadour is clearly derived from the above French river, or some other +of the same name. + +C.B. + + +_Meaning of Steyne_ (Vol. ii., P. 71.).--Steyne is no doubt _stone_, and +may have reference to the original name of Brighthelm-_stone_: but what +the _stone_ or "steyne" was, I do not conjecture; but it lay or stood +probably on that little flat valley now called the "Steyne." It is said +that, so late as the time of Elizabeth, the town was encompassed by a +high and strong _stone wall_; but that could have no influence on the +name, which, whether derived from Bishop _Brighthelm_ or not, is +assuredly of Saxon times. There is a small town not far distant called +_Steyning, i.e._ the meadow of the stone. In my early days, the name was +invariably pronounced Brighthamstone. + +C. + + +_Sarum and Barum_ (Vol. ii., p. 21.).--As a conjecture, I would suggest +the derivation of _Sarum_ may have been this. Salisbury was as +frequently written Sarisbury. The contracted form of this was Sap., the +ordinary import of which is the termination of the Latin genitive plural +_rum_. Thus an imperfectly educated clerk would be apt to read _Sarum_ +instead of Sarisburia; and the error would pass current, until one +reading was accepted for right as much as the other. In other instances +we adopt the Law Latin or Law French of mediæval times; as the county of +_Oxon_ for Oxfordshire, _Salop_ for Shropshire, &c., and _Durham_ is +generally supposed to be French (_Duresmm_), substituted for the +Anglo-Saxon Dunholm, in Latin _Dunelmum_. I shall perhaps be adding a +circumstance of which few readers will be aware, in remarking that the +Bishops of Durham, down to the present day, take alternately the Latin +and French signatures, _Duresm_ and _Dunelm_. + +J.G.N. + + +"_Epigrams on the Universities_" (Vol. ii., p. 88.).--The following +extract frown Hartshorne's _Book-rarities in the University of +Cambridge_ will fully answer the Query of your Norwich correspondent. + +After mentioning, the donation to that University, by George I., of the +valuable library of Dr. Moore, Bishop of Ely, which his Majesty had +purchased for 6,000 guineas, the author adds,-- + + "When George I. sent these books to the University, he sent at + the time a troop of horse to Oxford, which gave occasion to the + following well-known epigram from Dr. Trapp, smart in its way, + but not so clever as the answer from Sir William Browne:-- + + "The King, observing, with judicious eyes, + The state of both his Universities, + To one he sent a regiment; for why? + That learned body wanted loyalty: + To th' other he sent books, as well discerning + How much that loyal body wanted learning." + + _The Answer._ + + "The King to Oxford sent his troop of horse, + For Tories hold no argument but force: + With equal care to Cambridge books he sent, + For Whigs allow no force but argument. + +"The books were received Nov. 19, 20, &c., 1715." + +G.A.S. + + [J.J. DREDGE, V. (Belgravia), and many other correspondents, + have also kindly replied to this Query.] + + +_Dulcarnon_ (Vol. i., p. 254.)--_Urry_ says nothing, but quotes +_Speght_, and _Skene_, and _Selden_. + +"_Dulcarnon_," says Speght, "is a proposition in _Euclid_ (lib. i. +theor. 33. prop. 47.), which was found out by Pythagoras after a whole +years' study, and much beating of his brain; in thankfulness whereof he +sacrificed an ox to the gods, which sacrifice he called Dulcarnon." + +_Neckam_ derived it from _Dulia quasi sacrificium_ and _carnis_. + +_Skene_ justly observes that the triumph itself cannot be the point; but +the word might get associated with the problem, either considered before +its solution, puzzling to _Pythagoras_, or the demonstration, still +difficult to us,--a Pons Asinorum, like the 5th proposition. + +Mr. _Selden_, in his preface to _Drayton's Polyolbion_, says,-- + + "I cannot but digresse to admonition of abuse which this learned + allusion, in his _Troilus_, by ignorance hath indured. + + "'I am till God mee better mind send, + At _Dulcarnon_, right at my wit's end.' + + It's not _Neckam_, or any else, that can make mee entertaine the + least thought of the signification of _Dulcarnon_ to be + _Pythagorus_ his sacrifice after his geometricall theorem in + finding the square of an orthogonall triangle's sides, or that + it is a word of _Latine_ deduction: but, indeed, by easier + pronunciation it was made of D'hulkarnyan[5], i.e. _two-horned_ + which the _Mahometan Arabians_ {109} vie for a root in + calculation, meaning _Alexander_, as that great dictator of + knowledge, _Joseph Scaliger_ (with some ancients) wills, but, by + warranted opinion of my learned friend Mr. _Lydyat_, in his + _Emendatio Temporum_, it began in _Seleucus Nicanor_, XII yeares + after _Alexander's_ death. The name was applyed, either because + after time that _Alexander_ had persuaded himself to be _Jupiter + Hammon's_ sonne, whose statue was with _Ram's_ hornes, both his + owne and his successors' coins were stampt with horned images: + or else in respect of his II pillars erected in the East as a + _Nihil ultra_[6] of his conquest, and some say because hee had + in power the Easterne and Westerne World, signified in the two + hornes. But howsoever, it well fits the passage, either, as if + hee had personated _Creseide_ at the entrance of two wayes, not + knowing which to take; in like sense as that of _Prodicus_ his + _Hercules_, _Pythagoras_ his _Y._, or the Logicians _Dilemma_ + expresse; or else, which is the truth of his conceit, that hee + was at a _nonplus_, as the interpretation in his next staffe + makes plaine. How many of noble _Chaucer's_ readers never so + much as suspect this his short essay of knowledge, transcending + the common Rode? And by his treatise of the _Astrolabe_ (which, + I dare sweare, was chiefly learned out of _Messahalah_) it is + plaine hee was much acquainted with the mathematiques, and + amongst their authors had it." + +_D'Herbelot_ says: + + "_Dhoul_ (or _Dhu_) _carnun_, _with the two horns_, is the + surname of _Alexander_, that is, of an ancient and fabulous + Alexander of the first dynasty of the Persians. 795. Article + Sedd, Tagioug and Magioug. 993. Article Khedher. 395. b. 335. b. + Fael. + + "But 317. Escander, he says, Alexander the Great has the same + title secondarily. The truth probably is the reverse, that the + fabulous personage was taken from the real conqueror. + + "_Hofmann_, in Seleucus, says that the area of Seleucus is + called Terik Dhylkarnain, i.e. Epocha Alexandri Cornigen. Tarik + means probably the date of an event." + +There can be no doubt that the word in Chaucer is this Arabic word; nor, +I think, that Speght's story is really taught by the Arabs, our teachers +in mathematics. Whether the application is from Alexander, (they would +know nothing of his date with regard to Pythagoras), or merely from +two-horned, is doubtful. The latter might possibly mean the ox. + +Mr. Halliwell gives a quotation from Stanyhurst, in which it means "dull +persons"--an obvious misuse of it for Englishmen, and which Skene +fortifies by an A.-S. derivation, but which is clearly not Cressida's +meaning, or she would have said, "I _am_ Dulcarnon," not "I _am at_ +Dulcarnon;" and so Mrs. Roper. + +It may seem difficult what Pandarus can mean: + + "Dulcarnon clepid is fleming of wretches, + It semith hard, for wretchis wol nought lere + For very slouthe, or othir wilfull tetches, + This said is by them that ben't worth two fetches, + But ye ben wise." + +Whether he means that wretches call it _fleming_ or not, his argument +is, "You are not a wretch." Speght's derivation seems to mean, "Quod +stultos vertit." _Fleamas_, A.-S. (Lye), is _fuga_, _fugacio_, from +_flean_, to flee. Pandarus, I think, does not mean to give the +derivation of the word, but its application of fools, a stumbling-block, +or puzzle. + +C.B. + + [Footnote 5: Speght gives it in English letters, but Selden in + Arabic.] + + [Footnote 6: Christman, _Comment. in Alfragan_, cap. ii. + _Lysimachi_ Cornuum apud Cael. Rhodigin. _Antiq. lect._ 10. cap. + xii., hic genuina interpretatio.] + + +_Dr. Maginn._--The best account of this most talented but unfortunate +man, is given in the _Dublin University Mag._, vol. xxiii. p. 72. A +reprint of this article, with such additional particulars of his +numerous and dispersed productions as might be supplied, would form a +most acceptable volume. + +F.R.A. + + +_America known to the Ancients._--To the list of authorities on this +subject given in Vol. i., p. 342., I have the pleasure to add Father +Laffiteau; Bossu[7], in his _Travels through Louisiana_; and though +last, not least, Acosta, who in his _Naturall and Morall Historie of the +East and West Indies_, translated by E.G. [Grimestone], 1604, 4to., +devotes eighty-one pages to a review of the opinions of the ancients on +the new world. + +The similarity which has been observed to exist between the manners of +several American nations, and those of some of the oldest nations on our +continent, which seems to demonstrate that this country was not unknown +in ancient times, has been traced by Nicholls, in the first part of his +_Conference with a Theist_, in several particulars, viz. burning of the +victim in sacrifices, numbering by tens, fighting with bows and arrows, +their arts of spinning, weaving, &c. The arguments, multitudinous as +they are, adduced by Adair for his hypothesis that the American Indians +are descended from the Jews, serve to prove that the known or old world +furnished the new one with men. To these may be added the coincidences +noticed in "NOTES AND QUERIES;" burning the dead (Vol. i., p. 308.); the +art of manufacturing glass (p. 341.); scalping (Vol. ii., p. 78.). Your +correspondents will doubtless be able to point out other instances. +Besides drinking out of the skulls of their enemies, recorded of the +Scythians by Herodotus; and of the savages of Louisiana by Bossu; I beg +to mention a remarkable one furnished by Catlin--the sufferings endured +by the youths among the Mandans, when admitted into the rank of +warriors, {110} reminding us of the probationary exercises which the +priests of Mithras forced the candidates for initiation to undergo. + +T.J. + + [Footnote 7: Forster, the translator of this work, annihilates + the argument for the settlement of the Welsh derived from the + word "penguin" signifying "white head," by the fact of the bird + in question having a _black_, not a _white_ head!] + + +_Collar of SS._ (Vol. ii., p. 89.).--B. will find a great deal about +these collars in some interesting papers in the Gentleman's Magazine for +1842, vols. xvii. and xviii., conmunicated by Mr. J.G. Nicholls; and in +the Second Series of the Retrospective Review, vol. i. p. 302., and vol. +ii. pp. 156. 514. 518. Allow me to add a Query: Who are the persons now +privileged to wear these collars? and under what circumstances, and at +what dates, was such privilege reduced to its present limitation? + +[Greek: Phi.] + + +_Martello Towers_ (Vol. ii., p. 9.).--A misspelling for _Mortella_ +towers. They are named after a tower which commands the entrance to the +harbour of St. Fiorenzo, in Corsica; but they are common along the +coasts of the Mediterranean. They were built along the low parts of the +Sussex and Kent coasts, in consequence of the powerful defence made by +Ensign Le Tellier at the Tower of Mortella, with a garrison of 38 men +only, on 8th February, 1794, against an attack by sea, made by the +_Fortitude_ and _Juno_, part of Lord Hood's fleet, and by land, made by +a detachment of troops under Major-General Dundas. The two ships kept up +a fire for two hours and a half without making any material impression, +and then hauled out of gun-shot, the _Fortitude_ having lost 6 men +killed and 56 wounded, 8 dangerously. The troops were disembarked, and +took possession of a height comnanding the tower; and their battering +was as unsuccessful, till a hot shot fell and set fire to the bass-junk, +with which, to the depth of five feet, the immensely thick parapet wall +was lined. This induced the small garrison, of whom two were mortally +wounded, to surrender. The tower mounted only one 6 and two 18-pounders, +and the carriage of one of the latter had been rendered unserviceable +during the cannonade. (See James' _Naval History_, vol. i. p. 285.) The +towers along the English coast extend from Hythe to Seaford, where the +last tower is numbered 74, at intervals of about a quarter of a mile, +except where the coast is protected by the cliffs. The tower at Seaford +is 32 feet high, with a circumference of 136 feet at the base, and +gradually tapering to 90 feet at the top. The wall is 6 feet thick at +the top next the sea, and 2 feet on the land side. The cost of each +tower was very large,--from 15,000l. to 20,000l. I am not aware of any +blue book on the subject; blue books were not so much in vogue at the +time of their erection, or perhaps a little less would have been spent +in these erections, and a little more pains would have been taken to see +that they were properly built. Some have been undermined by the sea and +washed down already; in others, the facing of brick has crumbled away; +and in all the fancied security which the original tower taught us to +expect would be probably lessened were the English towers subjected to +an attack. + +WM. DURRANT COOPER. + + +"_A Frog he would a-wooing go_" (Vol. ii., p. 75.).--I know not whether +this foolish ballad is worth the notice it has already received, but I +can venture to say that the supposed Irish version is but a modern +variance from the old ballad which I remember above sixty years, and +which began-- + + "There was a frog lived in a well, + Heigho crowdie! + And a merry mouse in a mill, + With a howdie crowdie, &c. &c. + This frog he would a-wooing go, + Heigho crowdie! + Whether his mother would let him or no, + With a howdie crowdie," &c. + +Of the rest of the ballad I only remember enough to be able to say that +it had little or no resemblance to the version in your last Number. + +C. + + +_William of Wykeham_ (Vol. ii., p. 89.).--1. I believe that there is no +better life of this prelate than that by Bishop Lowth. + +2. The public records published since he wrote give several further +particulars of Wykeham's early career, but a proper notice of them would +be too extended for your columns. + +3. When W.H.C. recollects that New College, Oxford, the first of the +works he names, was not commenced till 1380, and that Wykeham had then +enjoyed the revenues of his rich bishopric for nearly fourteen years, +and had previously been in possession of many valuable preferments, both +lay and ecclesiastical, for fourteen years more, he will find his third +question sufficiently answered, and cease to wonder at the accumulation +of that wealth which was applied with wise and munificent liberality to +such noble and useful objects. + +I am not able to answer W.H.C.'s 4th and 5th questions. + +[Greek: Phi.] + + +_Execution of Charles I._ (Vol. ii., p. 72.).--The late Mr. Rodd had +collected several interesting papers on this subject; and from his +well-known acquaintance with all matters relating to English history, +they are no doubt valuable. Of course they exist. He offered them to the +writer of this note, on condition that he would prosecute the inquiry. +Other engagements prevented his availng himself of this liberal offer. + +J.M. + +Woburn Abbey. + + +_Swords_ (Vol. i., p. 415.).--Swords "ceased to be worn as an article of +dress" through the influence of Beau Nash, and were consequently first +out of fashion in Bath. "We wear no swords here," says Sir Lucius +O'Trigger. + +WEDSECUARF. {111} + + +_The Low Window_ (Vol. ii., p. 55.).--In Bibury Church, Gloucestershire, +are several windows of unusual character; and in the chancel is a +narrow, low window, called to this day "the Lepers' window," through +which, it is concluded, the lepers who knelt outside the building +witnessed the elevation of the host at the altar, as well as other +functions discharged by the priest during the celebration of mass. + +ROBERT SNOW. + + +_Brasichelli's Expurgatory Index_ (Vol. ii., p. 37.).--Although unable +to reply to MR. SANSOM's Query, by pointing out any public library in +which he can find the Ratisbon reprint of Brasichelli's _Expurgatory +Index_, I beg to state that I possess it, the Bergomi reprint, and also +the original, and that MR. SANSOM is perfectly welcome to a sight of +either. + +C.J. STEWART + +11. King William Street, West Strand. + + +_Discursus Modestus_ (Vol. i., pp. 142, 205.)--Crakanthorp, in his +_Defens. Eccl. Angl._, cap. vi. p. 27. (A.C.L. edition), refers to +_Discur. Compen. de Jesuit. Angl._, p. 15., and quotes from it the +words, "Omnia pro tempore, nihil pro veritate." Is this _Discur. +Compen._ the _Discurs. Modest._? and are these words to be found in +Watson's _Quodlibets_? This would fix the identity of the two books. It +is curious that the only two references made by Bishop Andrews to the +_Discurs. Modest._ (_Respons. ad Apol._, pp. 7. and 117.) are to page +13., and both the statements are found in page 81. of Watson. +Crakanthorp, however (p. 532.), quotes both the works,--_Discurs. +Modestus de Jesuit. Anglic._, and Watson. + +From the many different Latin titles given to this book, it seems +certain that it was originally written in English, and that the title +was Latinized according to each person's fancy. There is no copy in the +Lambeth library. + +J.B. + + +_Melancthon's Epigram._--Melancthon, in the epigram translated by RUFUS +(Vol. i., p. 422.), seems to have borrowed the idea, or, to use the more +expressive term of your "Schoolboy", to leave cabbaged from Martial's +epigram, terminating thus:-- + + "Non possunt nostros multæ Faustine lituræ, + Emendare jocos: una litura potest." + +_Martial_, Book iv. 10. + +NABOC. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, &C. + +Mr. Bohn has just published the second volume of his very useful and +complete edition of _Junius' Letters_. It contains, in addition to a new +essay on their authorship, entitled _The History and Discovery of +Junius_, by the editor, Mr. Wade, the Private Letters of Junius +addressed to Woodfall; the Letters of Junius to Wilkes; and the +Miscellaneous Letters which have been attributed to the same powerful +pen. Mr. Wade is satisfied that Sir Philip Francis was Junius; a theory +of which it is said, "Se non e vero e ben trovato:" and, if he does not +go the length of Sir F. Dwarris in regarding Sir P. Francis, not as the +solitary champion, but the most active of the sturdy band of politicians +whose views he advocated, he shows that he was known to and assisted by +many influential members of his own political party. Some of the most +curious points in the Junius history are illustrated by notes by Mr. +Bohn himself, who, we have no doubt will find his edition of Junius +among the most successful volumes of his Standard Library. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--W.S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham +House, Westminster Road) Fifty-eighth Catalogue of Cheap Books in +various Departments of Literature; W. Straker's (3. Adelaide Street, +West Strand) Catalogue No. 4. 1850, Theological Literature, Ancient and +Modern; J.G. Bell's (10. Bedford Street, Covent Garden) Catalogue of +Interesting and Valuable Autograph Letters and other Documents; John +Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. 8. for 1850, of Books Old +and New. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +(_In continuation of Lists in former Nos._) + +PULLEYNE'S ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM. + +BARNABY GOOGE'S POPISH KINGDOM. + +Odd Volumes + +MILMAN'S EDITION OF GIBBON'S DECLINE AND FALL. Ed. 1838. Vols. 9, 10, +11, 12. + +DUKE OF BEDFORD'S CORRESPONDENCE. Vols. 2 and 3. + +ARNOLD'S HISTORY OF ROME. Vol. 3. + +LE CLERC'S BIBLIOTHEQUE CHOISIE. Vol. 6. + +AVELLANADA'S CONTINUATION OF DON QUIXOTE, translated by Barker, 12mo. +1760. Vol. 2. + +TOUR THROUGH GREAT BRITAIN, 12mo. 1742. Vols. 1 and 2. + +TRISTRAM SHANDY. Vols. 7, 8, 9, and 10. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_ to be +sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher Of "NOTES AND QUERIES", 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Notices to Correspondents. + +P.M. _is referred to our_ 27th No., p. 445., _where he will learn that +the supposed French original of "Not a Drum was heard" was a clever hoax +from the ready pen of Father Prout. The date when_ P.M. _read the poem, +and not the_ date it bore, _is a point necessary to be established to +prove its existence "anterior to the supposed author of that beautiful +poem"._ + +_Will the Correspondent who wished for Vol. 8. of Rushworth, furnish his +name and address, as a copy has been reported._ + +VOLUME THE FIRST OR NOTES AND QUERIES, _with Title-page and very copious +Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by +order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen._ + +Errata. In No. 34., p. 63., in reply to Delta, for "MRRIS," read +"MARRIS"; and for "MRIE" read "MARIE." No. 36., P. 83., l. 40., for +"prohibens" read "prohiben_te_". + + * * * * * {112} + +MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS + +FOR JULY. Gratis as usual. Contains works on Archæology, Antiquities, +Botany, Coins, Chess, Freemasonry, Geology and Mineralogy, Heraldry, +Irish Topography, Old Plays, Phrenology, Theatres, and Dramatic History, +Wales, its History, &c., with an extensive assortment of Books in other +departments of Literature, equally scarce, curious, and interesting. + +JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos Street. + + * * * * * + +Second Edition, cloth 1s. + +EASTERN CHURCHES. By the author of "Proposals for Christian Union." +"This is a very careful compilation of the latest information of the +faith and condition of the various churches of Christ scattered through +the East."--_Britannia._ "The book is cheap, but it contains a good deal +of matter, and appears a labour of duty."--_Spectator._ "A brief, yet +full and correct, and withal a most agreeably written account, of the +different Eastern Churches."--_Nottingham Journal._ + +JAMES DARLING, Great Queen-street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. + + * * * * * + +Preparing for publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo. + +THE FOLK-LORE of ENGLAND. By William J. Thoms, F.S.A., Secretary of the +Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and Legends of +all Nations," &c. One object of the present work is to furnish new +contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; and especially +some of the more striking Illustrations of the subject to be found in +the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries. + +Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and +Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and +will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed to +the care of Mr. BELL, Office of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Vols. I. and II. 8vo., price 28s. cloth. + +THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND; from the TIME of the CONQUEST. By EDWARD FOSS, +F.S.A. "A work in which a subject of great historical importance is +treated with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in which Mr. +Foss has brought to light many points previously unknown, corrected many +errors, and shown such ample knowledge of his subject as to conduct it +successfully through all the intricacies of a difficult investigation, +and such taste and judgement as will enable him to quit, when occasion +requires, the dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to +his work, as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a philosophical +history."--_Gent. Mag._ + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + +THE PRIMÆVAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND ILLUSTRATED BY THOSE OF DENMARK. + +THE PRIMÆVAL ANTIQUITIES OF DENMARK. By J.J.A. WORSAAE, Member of the +Royal Society of Antiquaries of Copenhagen. Translated and applied to +the illustration of similar Remains in England, by WILLIAM J. THOMS, +F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden Society. With numerous Woodcuts. 8vo. +10s. 6d. + +"The best antiquarian handbook we have ever met with--so clear is its +arrangement, and so well and so plainly is each subject illustrated by +well executed engravings.... It is the joint production of two men who +have already distinguished themselves as authors and antiquarians."-- +_Morning Herald._ + +"A book of remarkable interest and ability.... Mr. Worsaae's book is in +all ways a valuable addition to our literature.... Mr. Thoms has +executed the translation in flowing and idiomatic English, and has +appended many curious and interesting notes and observations of his +own."--_Guardian._ + +"The work, which we desire to commend to the attention of our readers, +is signally interesting to the British antiquary. Highly interesting and +important work."--_Archæological Journal._ + +See also the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for February 1850. + +Oxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER, and 337. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + +REV. WILLIAM MASKELL's LIBRARY. + +Shortly will be published, + +A CATALOGUE OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN THEOLOGY; including some of the +rarest productions of our early English Divines, and embracing the +various controversies between the Puritans and the Churches of Rome and +England, the works of the Nonjurors, the best Liturgical Commentators, +Ecclesiastical Historians, Fathers of the Church, Schoolmen, Councils, +&c, many of them of extreme rarity, and forming the Library of the Rev. +William Maskell, late Vicar of St. Mary Church, Torquay, together with +other recent purchases, now on Sale by J. LESLIE, 58. Great +Queen-street, Lincoln's Inn. + +N.B.--Gentlemen desirous of receiving this Catalogue are respectfully +requested to forward their names to the Publisher, with twelve postage +stamps to pre-pay the same. + + * * * * * + +Now ready, containing 149 Plates, royal 8vo. 28s.; folio, 2l. 5s.; India +Paper, 4l. 4s. + +The MONUMENTAL BRASSES of ENGLAND: a series of Engravings upon Wood, +from every variety of these interesting and valuable Memorials, +accompanied with Descriptive Notices. + +By the Rev. C. BOUTELI. M.A. Rector of Downham Market. + +Part XII., completing the work, price 7s. 6d.; folio, 12s.; India paper, +24s. + +By the same Author, royal 8vo., 15s.; large paper, 21s. + +MONUMENTAL BRASSES and SLABS: an Historical and Descriptive Notice of +the Incised Monumental Memorials of the Middle Ages. With upwards of 200 +Engravings. + +"A handsome large octavo volume, abundantly supplied with well-engraved +woodcuts and lithographic plates; a sort of Encyclopædia for ready +reference.... The whole work has a look of painstaking completeness +highly commendable."--_Athenæum._ + +"One of the most beautifully got up and interesting volumes we have seen +for a long time. It gives, in the compass of one volume, an account of +the history of these beautiful monuments of former days.... The +illustrations are extremely well chosen."--_English Churchman._ + +A few copies only of this work remain for sale; and, as it will not be +reprinted in the same form and at the same price, the remaining copies +are raised in price. Early application for the Large Paper Edition is +necessary. + +By the same Author, to be completed in Four Parts, + +CHRISTIAN MONUMENTS in ENGLAND and WALES: an Historical and Descriptive +Sketch of the various classes of Monumental Memorials which have been in +use in this country from about the time of the Norman Conquest. +Profusely illustrated with Wood Engravings. Part I. price 7s. 6d.; Part +II. 2s. 6d. + +"A well conceived and executed work."--_Ecclesiologist._ + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, July 13. 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 37. Saturday, +July 13, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13729 *** diff --git a/13729-h/13729-h.htm b/13729-h/13729-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..844d720 --- /dev/null +++ b/13729-h/13729-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1951 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta name="generator" content= +"HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st March 2004), see www.w3.org" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content= +"text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> +<title>Notes And Queries, Issue 37.</title> + +<style type="text/css"> + + /*<![CDATA[*/ + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.adverts {width: 100%; height: 5px; color: black;} + html>body hr.adverts {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.short {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.short {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + + + .note, .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; + font-size: 0.9em;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; + text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 6em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 8em;} + .poem p.i10 {margin-left: 10em;} + .poem .caesura {vertical-align: -200%;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; + font-size: 8pt;} + + p.author {text-align: right;} + --> + /*]]>*/ +</style> +</head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13729 ***</div> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page97" name="page97"></a>{97}</span> +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left" width="25%"><b>No. 37.</b></td> +<td align="center" width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, JULY 13, 1850</b></td> +<td align="right" width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS</h2> +<table summary="Contents" align="center"> +<tr> +<td align="left">NOTES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">The Author of the "Characteristics" by W.D. +Christie</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page97">97</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Caxton's Printing office, by R.F. Rimbault</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page99">99</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Sanatory Laws in other Days</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page99">99</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Folk Lore:—Midsummer Fires</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page101">101</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Notes:—Borrowed Thoughts—An +Infant Prodigy in 1659—Allusion in Peter Martyr—Hogs +not Pigs</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page101">101</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">A Query and Replies, by H. Walter</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page102">102</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Letters of Queen Elizabeth and Philip II. of +Spain</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page102">102</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Queries:—The New Temple—"Junius +Identified"—Mildew in Books—George Herbert's +Burialplace—The Earl of Essex and "The Finding of the Rayned +Deer"—The Lass of Richmond Hill—Curfew—Alumni of +Oxford, Cambridge, and Winchester—St. Leger's Life of +Archbishop Walsh—Query put to a Pope—The Carpenter's +Maggot—Lord Delamere—Henry and the Nutbrown Maid</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page103">103</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">French Poem by Malherbe, by S.W. Singer</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page104">104</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">"Dies Iræ, Dies Illa"</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page105">105</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Dr. Samuel Ogden, by J.H. Markland</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page105">105</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Replies to Minor Queries:—Porson's +Imposition—The Three Dukes—Kant's Sämmtliche +Werke—Becket's Mother—"Imprest" and +"Debenture"—Derivation of "News"—Origin of +Adur—Meaning of Steyne—Sarum and Barum—Epigrams +on the Universities—Dulcarnon—Dr. Magian—America +known to the Ancients—Collar of SS.—Martello +Towers—"A Frog he would a-wooing go"—William of +Wykeham—Execution of Charles I.—Swords—The Low +Window—Brasichelli's Expurgatory Index—Discursus +Modestus—Melancthon's Epigram</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page106">106</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, Sales, +&c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page111">111</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes Wanted</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page111">111</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page111">111</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Advertisements</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page112">112</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>NOTES</h2> +<h3>THE AUTHOR OF THE "CHARACTERISTICS."</h3> +<p>Lord Shaftesbury's <i>Letters to a young Man at the +University</i>, on which Mr. SINGER has addressed to you an +interesting communication (Vol. ii., p. 33.), were reprinted in +1746 in a collection of his letters, "<i>Letters of the Earl of +Shaftesbury, author of the Characteristicks, collected into one +volume</i>: printed MDCCXLVI." 18mo. This volume contains also Lord +Shaftesbury's letters to Lord Molesworth, originally published by +Toland, with an introduction which is not reprinted; a "Letter sent +from Italy, with the notion of the Judgment of Hercules, &c., +to my Lord ——"; and three letters reprinted from Lord +Shaftesbury's life in the <i>General Dicionary</i>, which was +prepared by Dr. Kippis, under the superintendence of Lord +Shaftesbury's son, the fourth earl.</p> +<p>In my copy of the original edition of the <i>Letters to a young +Man at the University</i>, two letters have been transcribed by an +unknown previous possessor. One is to Bishop Burnet, recommending +young Ainsworth when about to be ordained deacon:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"To the Bishop of Sarum.</p> +<p>"Reigate, May 23. 1710.</p> +<p>"My Lord,—The young man who delivers this to your +Lordship, is one who for several years has been preparing himself +for the ministry, and in order to it has, I think, completed his +time at the university. The occasion of his applying this way was +purely from his own inclination. I took him a child from his poor +parents, out of a numerous and necessitous family, into my own, +employing him in nothing servile; and finding his ingenuity, put +him abroad to the best schools to qualify him for preferment in a +peculiar way. But the serious temper of the lad disposing him, as I +found, to the ministry preferably to other advantages, I could not +be his hindrance; though till very lately I gave him no prospect of +any encouragement through my interest. But having been at last +convinced, by his sober and religious courage, his studious +inclination and meek behaviour, that 'twas real principle and not a +vanity or conceit that led him into these thoughts, I am resolved, +in case your lordship thinks him worthy of the ministry, to procure +him a benefice as soon as anything happens in my power, and in the +mean time design to keep him as my chaplain in my family.</p> +<p>"I am, my Lord, &c.,</p> +<p>"SHAFTESBURY."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The second letter inserted in my copy is to Ainsworth himself, +dated Reigate, 11th May, 1711, and written when he was about to +apply for priest's orders. But the bulk of this letter is printed, +with a different beginning and ending, in the tenth printed letter, +under date July 10th, 1710, and is there made to apply to +Ainsworth's having just received deacon's orders. The beginning, +and ending of the letter, as in MS., are—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"I am glad the time is come that you are to receive full orders, +and that you hope it from the hands of our <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page98" id="page98"></a>{98}</span> great, +worthy, and excellent Bishop, the Lord of Salisbury. This is one of +the circumstances" [then the letter proceeds exactly as in the +printed Letter X., and the MS. letter concludes:] "God send you all +true Christianity, with that temper, life, and manners which become +it.</p> +<p>"I am, your hearty friend,</p> +<p>"SHAFTESBURY."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I quote the printed beginning of Letter X., on account of the +eulogy on Bishop Burnet:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"I believed, indeed, it was your expecting me every day at +—— that prevented your writing since you received +orders from the good Bishop, my Lord of Salisbury; who, as he has +done more than any man living for the good and honour of the Church +of England and the Reformed Religion, so he now suffers more than +any man from the tongues and slander of those ungrateful Churchmen, +who may well call themselves by that single term of distinction, +having no claim to that of Christianity or Protestant, since they +have thrown off all the temper of the former and all concern or +interest with the latter. I hope whatever advice the great and good +Bishop gave you, will sink deeply into your mind."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Mr. Singer has extracted from the eighth printed letter one or +two sentences on Locke's denial of innate ideas. A discussion of +Locke's views on this subject, or of Lord Shaftesbury's contrary +doctrine of a "moral sense," is not suited to your columns; and I +only wish to say that I think Mr. Singer has not made it +sufficiently clear that Lord Shaftesbury's remarks apply only to +the speculative consequences, according to his own view, of a +denial of innate ideas; and that Lord Shaftesbury, in another +passage of the same Letters, renders the following tribute of +praise to the <i>Essay on the Human Understanding</i>:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"I am not sorry that I lent you Mr. Locke's <i>Essay on the +Human Understanding</i>, which may as well qualify for business and +the world as for the sciences and a University. No one has done +more towards the recalling of philosophy from barbarity into use +and practice of the world, and into the company of the better and +politer sort, who might well be ashamed of it in its other dress. +No one has opened a better or clearer way to reasoning; and, above +all, I wonder to hear him censured so much by any Church of England +men, for advancing reason and bringing the use of it so much into +religion, when it is by this only that we fight against the +enthusiasts and repel the great enemies of our Church."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>A life of the author of the <i>Characteristics</i> is hardly +less a desideratum than that of his grandfather, the Lord +Chancellor, and would make an interesting work, written in +connection with the politics as well as literature of the reigns of +William and Anne; for the third Lord Shaftesbury, though prevented +by ill-health from undertaking office or regularly attending +parliament, took always a lively interest in politics. An +interesting collection of the third earl's letters has been +published by Mr. Foster (<i>Letters of Locke, Algernon Sidney, and +the Earl of Shaftesbury</i>), and a few letters from him to Locke +are in Lord King's <i>Life of Locke</i>. I subjoin a "note" of a +few original letters of the third Lord Shaftesbury in the British +Museum; some of your readers who frequent the British Museum may +perhaps be induced to copy them for your columns.</p> +<p>Letters to Des Maizeaux (one interesting, offering him pecuniary +assistance) in <i>Ags. Cat.</i> MSS. 4288.</p> +<p>Letters to Charles Montagu, Earl of Halifax<a id="footnotetag1" +name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a>, (one +introducing Toland). Add. MSS. 7121.</p> +<p>Letter to Toland (printed, I think, in one of the <i>Memoirs of +Toland</i>). <i>Ags. Cat.</i> 4295. 10.</p> +<p>Letter to T. Stringer in 1625. Ib. 4107. 115.</p> +<p>In Watt's <i>Bibliotheca Britannica</i>, neither the <i>Letters +to a young Man at the University</i>, published in 1716, nor the +collection of letters of 1746, are mentioned; and confusion is made +between the author of the <i>Characteristics</i> and his +grandfather the Chancellor. Several political tracts, published +during the latter part of Charles II.'s reign, which have been +ascribed to the first Earl of Shaftesbury, but of which, though +they were probably written under his supervision, it is extremely +doubtful that he was the actual author, are lumped together with +the <i>Characteristics</i> as the works of one and the same Earl of +Shaftesbury.</p> +<p>Some years ago a discovery was made in Holland of MSS. of Le +Clerc, and some notice of the MSS., and extracts from them, are to +be found in the following work:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"De Joanne Clerico et Philippo A. Limborch Dissertationes +Duæ. Adhibitis Epistolis aliisque Scriptis ineditis scripsit +atque eruditorum virorum epistolis nunc primum editis auxit Abr. +Des Amorie Van Der Hoeven, &c. Amstelodami: apud Fredericum +Muller, 1843."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Two letters of Locke are among the MSS. Now it is mentioned by +Mr. Martyn, the biographer of the first Earl of Shaftesbury, in a +MS. letter in the British Museum, that some of this earl's papers +were sent by the family to Le Clerc, and were supposed not to have +been returned. I mention this, as I perceive you have readers and +correspondents in Holland, in the hope that I may possibly learn +whether any papers relating to the first Earl of Shaftesbury have +been found among the lately discovered Le Clerc MSS.; and it is not +unlikely that the same MSS. might contain letters of the third +earl, the author of the <i>Characteristics</i>, who was a friend +and correspondent of Le Clerc.</p> +<p class="author">W.D. CHRISTIE.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name= +"footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag1">(return)</a> +<p>Two of these—one a letter asking the earl to stand +godfather to his son, and the other a short note, forwarding a book +(Qy. of Toland's)—are printed by Sir Henry Ellis in his +Camden volume, <i>Letters of Eminent Literary +Men</i>.—ED.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page99" id="page99"></a>{99}</span> +<h3>CAXTON'S PRINTING-OFFICE.</h3> +<p>The particular spot where Caxton exercised his business, or the +place where his press was fixed, cannot now, perhaps, be exactly +ascertained. Dr. Dibdin, after a careful examination of existing +testimonies, thinks it most probable that he erected his press in +one of the chapels attached to the aisles of Westminster Abbey; and +as no remains of this interesting place can now be discovered, +there is a strong presumption that it was pulled down in making +alterations for the building of Henry VII.'s splendid chapel.</p> +<p>It has been frequently asserted that all Caxton's books were +printed in a part of Westminster Abbey; this must be mere +conjecture, because we find no statement of it from himself: he +first mentions the place of his printing in 1477, so that he must +have printed some time without informing us where.</p> +<p>With all possible respect for the opinions of Dr. Dibdin, and +the numerous writers on our early typography, I have very +considerable doubts as to whether Caxton really printed <i>within +the walls of the Abbey</i> at all. I am aware that he himself says, +in some of his colophons, "Emprinted in th' Abbey of Westmynstre," +but query whether the <i>precincts</i> of the Abbey are not +intended? Stow, in his <i>Annals</i> (edit 1560, p. 686.), +says,—"William Caxton of London, mercer, brought it +(printing) into England about the year 1471, and first practised +the same in the <i>Abbie</i> of St. Peter at Westminster;" but in +his <i>Survey of London</i>, 1603 (edit. Thoms, p. 176.), the same +writer gives us a more full and particular account; it is as +follows:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Near unto this house [<i>i.e.</i> Henry VII.'s alms-house], +westward, was an old chapel of St. Anne; over against the which, +the Lady Margaret, mother to King Henry VII., erected an alms-house +for poor women, which is now turned into lodgings for the singing +men of the college. The place wherein this chapel and alms-house +standeth was called the Elemosinary, or almonry, now corruptly the +ambry, for that the alms of the Abbey were there distributed to the +poor; and therein Islip, abbot of Westminster, erected the first +press of book-printing that ever was in England, about the year of +Christ 1471. William Caxton, citizen of London, mercer, brought it +into England, and was the first that practised it <i>in the said +abbey</i>; after which time the like was practised in the abbeys of +St. Augustine at Canterbury, St. Albans, and other +monasteries."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Again, in the curious hand-bill preserved in the Bodleian +Library, it will be remembered that Caxton invites his customers to +"come to Westmonester <i>into the Almonestrye</i>," where they may +purchase his books "good chepe."</p> +<p>From these extracts it is pretty clear that Caxton's +printing-office was in the Almonry, which was within the precincts +of the Abbey, and not in the Abbey itself. The "old chapel of St. +Anne" was doubtless the place where the first printing-office was +erected in England. Abbot Milling (not Islip, as stated by Stow) +was the generous friend and patron of Caxton and the art of +printing; and it was by permission of this learned monk that our +printer was allowed the use of the building in question.</p> +<p>The <i>old</i> chapel of St. Anne stood in the New-way, near the +back of the workhouse, at the bottom of the almonry leading to what +is now called Stratton Ground. It was pulled down, I believe, about +the middle of the seventeenth century. The <i>new</i> chapel of St. +Anne, erected in 1631, near the site of the old one, was destroyed +about fifty years since.</p> +<p>Mr. Cunningham, in his <i>Handbook for London</i> (vol. i. p. +17.), says,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The first printing-press ever seen in England was set up in +this almonry under the patronage of <i>Esteney</i>, Abbot of +Westminster, by William Caxton, citizen and mercer (d. 1483)."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Esteney succeeded Milling in the Abbacy of Westminster, but the +latter did not die before 1492. On p. 520. of his second volume, +Mr. Cunninghan gives the date of Caxton's death correctly, +<i>i.e.</i> 1491.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>SANATORY LAWS IN OTHER DAYS.</h3> +<p>In that curious medley commonly designated, after Hearne, +<i>Arnold's Chronicle</i>, and which was probably first printed in +1502 or 1503, we find the following passages. I make "notes" of +them, from their peculiar interest at the moment when sanatory +bills, having the same objects, are occupying the public attention +so strongly; especially in respect to the Smithfield Nuisance and +the Clergy Discipline bill.</p> +<p>1. In a paper entitled "The articles dishired bi y'e comonse of +the cety of London, for reformacyo of thingis to the same, of the +Mayer, Aldirmen, and Comon Counsell, to be enacted," we have the +following:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Also that in anoyding the corupte savours and lothsom innoyaunc +(caused by slaughter of best) w'tin the cyte, wherby moche people +is corupte and infecte, it may plese my Lord Mayr, Aldirmen, and +Comen Counsaile, to put in execucion a certaine acte of parlement, +by whiche it is ordeigned y't no such slaughter of best shuld be +vsed or had within this cite, and that suche penaltees be leuyed +vpo the contrary doers as in the said acte of parlement ben +expressed.</p> +<p>"Also in anoyding of lyke annoyauce. Plese it my Lord Mair, +Alderme, and Como Councell, to enact that noo manor pulter or any +other persone i this cytee kepe from hinsforth, within his hous, +swans, gies, or dowk, upon a peyn therfore to be +ordeigned."—pp. 83, 84, 3d. ed.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I believe that one item of "folk-faith" is that "farm-yard +odours are healthy." I have often <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page100" id="page100"></a>{100}</span> heard it affirmed at least; +and, indeed, has not the common councilman, whom the <i>Times</i> +has happily designated as the "defender of filth", totally and +publicly staked his reputation on the dogma in its most extravagant +shape, within the last few months? It is clear that nearly four +centuries ago, the citizens of London thought differently; even +though "the corupte savours and lothsom innoyaunc" were infinitely +less loathsome than in the present Smithfield and the City +slaughter-houses.</p> +<p>It would be interesting to know to what act of parliament +Arnold's citizens refer, and whether it has ever been repealed. It +is curious to notice, too, that the danger from infuriated beasts +running wild through the streets is not amongst the evils of the +system represented. They go further, however, and forbid even the +<i>killing</i> within the city.</p> +<p>Moreover, it would really seem that the swan was not then a mere +ornamental bird, either alive or dead, but an ordinary article of +citizen-dinners, it being classed with "gies and dowks" in the +business of the poulterer. At the same time, no mention being made +of swine in any of these ordonnances or petitions, would at first +sight seem to show that the flesh of the hog was in abhorrence with +the Catholic citizen, as much perhaps as with the Jews themselves; +at any rate, that it was not a vendible article of food in those +days. When did it become so? This conclusion would, however, be +erroneous; for amongst "the articles of the good governaûce +of the cite of London" shortly following we have this:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Also yf ony persone kepe or norrysh hoggis, oxen, kyen, or +mallardis within the ward, in noyoying of ther neyhbours."—p. +91.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The proper or appointed place for keeping hoggis was Hoggistone, +now Hoxton; as Houndsditch<a id="footnotetag2" name= +"footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> was for +the hounds.</p> +<p>There is another among these petitions to the Lord Mayor and +corporation, worthy of notice, in connection with sanatory law.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Also in avoydîg ye abhomynable savours causid by ye +kepîg of ye kenell in ye mote and ye diches there, and +î especiall by sethig of ye houndes mete wt roten bones, and +vnclenly keping of ye hoûdes, wherof moche people is anoyed, +soo yt when the wynde is in any poyte of the northe, all the fowle +stynke is blowen ouer the citee. Plese it mi Lord Mair, Aldirmen, +and Comen Coûcell, to ordeigne that the sayd kenell be amoued +and sett in sô other côuenient place where as best +shall seme them. And also that the said diches mai be clensed from +yere to yere, and so kepte yt thereof folowe non +annoyaunce."—p. 87.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Of course "Houndsditch" is here meant; but for what purpose were +the hounds kept? And, indeed, what kind of hounds were they, that +thus formed a part of the City establishment? Were they bloodhounds +for tracking criminals, or hounds kept for the special behoof and +pleasure of the "Lord Mair, Aldermen, and Comen Coûsel?" The +Houndsditch of that time bore a strong resemblance to the Fleet +ditch of times scarcely exceeding the memory of many living +men.</p> +<p>I come now to the passages relating to the clergy.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Also, where as the curatis of the cyte have used often tyme +herebefore to selle their offring (at mariag), whereby the +pisshês where such sales be made comenly be lettid fro messe +or matyns, and otherwhiles from both, by so moch as the frendis of +the pties maryed vsen to goo abowte vij. or viij. dayes before, and +desiryg men to offryg at such tymes as more conuenyent it were to +be at diunyne seruice. Plese it my Lord Mair, Aldirmê, and +Comê Coûseile, to puide remedy, so that the sayd +custume be fordone and leid aparte."—p. 86.</p> +<p>"Also, to thentent that the ordre of priesthood be had in dew +reuerence according to the dignite therof, and that none occasions +of incontinence growe bee the famylyarite of seculer people. Plese +it my Lord Mayre, Aldirmen, and Comon Counsyll, to enacte that no +maner persone beyng free of this citee take, receyue, and kepe from +hensforth ony priest in comons, or to borde by the weke, moneth, or +yere, or ony other terme more or lesse, vpon peine thervpon to be +lymytyd, prouided that this acte extêde not to ony prieste +retayned wyth a citezen in famyliar housolde."—p. 89.</p> +<p>"Also, plese it my Lord Mayre, Aldyrmen, and Comon Counseylle, +that a communication may be had wyth the curatis of this citee for +oblacions whiche they clayme to haue of citezens agaynst the tenour +of the bulle purchased att their owne instance, and that it may be +determined and an ende taken, whervpon the citezens shall +rest."—p. 89.</p> +<p>"Also, yf ther be ony priest in seruice within the warde, which +afore tyme hath been sette in the toune in Cornhyll for his +dishoneste, and hath forsworne the cyte, alle suche shulde bee +presentyd."—p. 92.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Upon these I shall make no remark. They will make different +impressions on different readers; according to the extent of +prejudice or liberality existing in different minds. They show that +even during the most absolute period of ecclesiastical domination, +there was one spot in England where attempts to legislate for the +priesthood (though perhaps feeble enough) were made. The +legislative <span class="pagenum"><a name="page101" id= +"page101"></a>{101}</span> powers of the corporation were at that +time very ample; and the only condition by which they appear to +have been limited was, that they should not override an act of +parliament or a royal proclamation.</p> +<p>Is there any specific account of the "tonne in Cornhyll" +existing? Its purpose, in connection with the conduit, admits of no +doubt; the forsworn and dishonest priest had been punished with a +"good ducking," and this, no doubt, accompanied with a suitable +ceremonial for the special amusement of the "'prentices."<a id= +"footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href= +"#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a></p> +<p>I have also marked a few passages relative to the police and the +fiscal laws of those days, and when time permits, will transcribe +them for you, if you deem them worthy of being laid before your +readers.</p> +<p class="author">T.S.D.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2" name= +"footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag2">(return)</a> +<p>Mr. Cunningham, speaking of Houndsditch, merely quotes the words +of Stow. It would appear that Stow's reason for the name is +entirely conjectural; and indeed the same reason would justify the +same name being applied to all the "ditches" in London in the year +1500, and indeed much later. This passage of Arnold throws a new +light upon the <i>name</i>, at least, of that rivulet; for stagnant +its waters could not be, from its inclination to the horizon. It, +however, raises another question respecting the mode of keeping and +feeding hounds in those days; and likewise, as suggested in the +text, the further question, as to the purpose for which these +hounds were thus kept as a part of the civic establishment.</p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote3" name= +"footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag3">(return)</a> +<p>This view will no doubt be contested on the authority of Stow, +who describes the tonne as a "prison for night-walkers," so called +from the form in which it was built. (Cunningham, p. 141., 2nd ed.) +Yet, as Mr. Cunningham elsewhere states (p. xxxix.), "the Tun upon +Corn-hill [was] converted into a conduit" in 1401, it would hardly +be called a "prison" a century later. The probability is, that the +especial building called the tonne never was a prison at all; but +that the prison, from standing near or adjoining the tonne, took +its name, the tonne prison, in conformity with universal usage. It +is equally probable that the tonne was originally built for the +purpose to which it was ultimately applied; and that some delay +arose in its use from the difficulty experienced in the hydraulic +part of the undertaking, which was only overcome in 1401. The +universality of the punishment of "ducking" amongst our ancestors +is at least a circumstance in favour of the view taken in the +text.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> +<p><i>Midsummer Fires.</i>—From your notice of Mr. Haslam's +account of the Beltein or Midsummer fires in Cornwall, I conclude +you will give a place to the following note. On St. John's eve last +past, I happened to pass the day at a house situate on an elevated +tract in the county of Kilkenny, Ireland; and I shall long remember +the beauty of the sight, when, as dusk closed in, fire after fire +shot up its clear flame, thickly studding the near plains and +distant hills. The evening was calm and still, and the mingled +shouts and yells of the representatives of the old fire-worshippers +came with a very singular effect on the ear. When a boy, I have +often <i>passed through</i> the fire myself on Midsummer eve, and +such is still the custom. The higher the flame, the more daring the +act is considered: hence there is a sort of emulation amongst the +unwitting perpetrators of this Pagan rite. In many places cattle +are driven through the fire; and this ceremony is firmly believed +to have a powerful effect in preserving them from various harms. I +need not say, that amongst the peasantry the fires are now lighted +in honour of St John.</p> +<p class="author">X.Y.A.</p> +<p>Kilkenny.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR NOTES.</h3> +<p><i>Borrowed Thoughts.</i>—Mr. SINGER (Vol. i., p. 482.) +points out the French original from which Goldsmith borrowed his +epigram beginning—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Here lies poor Ned Purdon."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I find, in looking over Swift's works, a more literal version of +this than Goldsmith's:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Well then, poor G—— lies under ground,</p> +<p class="i2">So there's an end of honest Jack;</p> +<p>So little justice here he found,</p> +<p>'Tis ten to one he'll ne'er come back."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I should like to add two Queries:—Who was the Chevallier +de Cailly (or d'Aceilly), the author of the French epigram +mentioned by Mr. Singer? And—when did he live?</p> +<p class="author">H.C. DE ST. CROIX</p> +<p><i>An Infant Prodigy in 1659.</i>—The following wonderful +story is thus related by Archbishop Bramhall (Carte's +<i>Letters</i>, ii. 208.: Dr. Bramhall to Dr. Earles, Utrecht, +Sept. 6-16, 1659):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A child was born in London about three months since, with a +double tongue, or divided tongue, which the third day after it was +born, cried 'a King, a King,' and bid them bring it to the King. +The mother of the child saieth it told her of all that happened in +England since, and much more which she dare not utter. This my lady +of Inchiguin writeth to her aunt, <i>Me brow van +Melliswarde</i><a id="footnotetag4" name= +"footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a>, living in +this city, who shewed me the letter. My Lady writeth that she +herself was as incredulous as any person, until she both saw and +heard it speak herself very lately, as distinctly as she herself +could do, and so loud that all the room heard it. That which she +heard was this. A gentleman in the company took the child in his +arms and gave it money, and asked what it would do with it, to +which it answered aloud that it would give it to the King. If my +Lady were so foolish to be deceived, or had not been an eye and ear +witness herself, I might have disputed it; but giving credit to +her, I cannot esteem it less than a miracle. If God be pleased to +bestow a blessing upon us, he cannot want means."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>It can hardly be doubted that the Archbishop's miracle was a +ventriloquist hoax.</p> +<p class="author">CH.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote4" name= +"footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag4">(return)</a> +<p>The name of the Dutch lady, mis-written for De Vrouw, +&c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p><i>Allusion in Peter Martyr.</i>—Mr. Prescott, in his +<i>History of the Conquest of Mexico</i> vol. i. p. 389. (ed. 8vo. +1843), quotes from Peter Martyr, <i>De Orbe Novo</i>, dec. 1. c. +l., the words, "Una illis fuit spes salutis, desperasse de salute," +applied to the Spanish invaders of Mexico; and he remarks that "it +is said with the classic energy of Tacitus." The <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page102" id="page102"></a>{102}</span> +expression is classical, but is not derived from Tacitus. The +allusion is to the verse of Virgil:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Una salus victis nullam sperare salutem."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Æn.</i> ii. 354.</p> +<p class="author">L.</p> +<p><i>Hogs not Pigs.</i>—In Cowper's humorous verses, "The +yearly Distress, or Tithing-time at Stoke in Essex," one of the +grumblers talks</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"of pigs that he has lost</p> +<p>By maggots at the tail."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Upon this I have to remark that an intelligent grazier assures +me that pigs are never subject to the evil here complained of, but +that lambs of a year old, otherwise called "hogs" or "hoggets," are +often infested by it. It would appear, therefore, that the poet, +misled by the ambiguous name, and himself knowing nothing of the +matter but by report, attributed to pigs that which happens to the +other kind of animal, viz. lambs a year old, which have not yet +been shorn.</p> +<p class="author">J. MN.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>QUERIES.</h2> +<h3>A QUERY AND REPLIES.</h3> +<p><i>Plaister or Paster—Christian Captives—Members for +Calais, &c.</i>—In editing Tyndale's <i>Pathway</i> +(<i>Works</i>, vol. i. p. 22.), I allowed preceding editors to +induce me to print <i>pastor</i>, where the oldest authority had +<i>paster</i>. As the following part of the sentence speaks of +"suppling and suaging wounds," I am inclined to suspect that +"paster" might be an old way of spelling, "plaster." Can any of +your correspondents supply me with any instance in which "plaster" +or "plaister" is spelt "paster" by any old English writer?</p> +<p>In return for troubling you with this question, you may inform +Mr. Sansom, in answer to Query, Vol. ii., p. 41., that Hallam says, +"Not less than fifty gentlemen were sold for slaves at Barbadoes, +under Cromwell's government." (<i>Constit. Hist.</i>, ch. x. note +to p. 128., 4to. edit.) And though Walker exaggerated matters when +he spoke "a project to sell some of the most eminent masters of +colleges, &c., to the Turks for slaves," Whitelock's +<i>Memorials</i> will inform him, under date of Sept. 21, 1648, +that the English Parliament directed one of its committees "to take +care for transporting the Scotch prisoners, in the first place to +supply the plantations, and to send the rest to Venice."</p> +<p>To another, O.P.Q. (Vol. ii., p. 9.), you may state that the +members for Calais in the time of Edw. VI., and in the first four +parliaments of Mary, may be seen in Willis' <i>Notitia +Parliamentaria</i>, where their names are placed next to the +members for the Cinque Ports. Willis states that the return for +Calais for the last parliament of Henry VIII is lost. Their names +indicate that they were English,—such as Fowler, Massingberd, +&c.</p> +<p>As to umbrellas, there are Oriental scholars who can inform your +inquirers that the word "satrap" is traceable to words whose +purport is, the bearer of an umbrella.</p> +<p>Another of your latest Querists may find the epigrams on George +II.'s (not, as he imagines, Charles I.'s) different treatment of +the two English universities in Knox's <i>Elegent Extracts</i>. The +lines he has cited are both from the same epigram, and, I think, +from the first of the two. They were occasioned by George. II's +purchasing the library of Dr. Moore, Bishop of Ely, and giving it +to the university of Cambridge.</p> +<p>The admirer of another epigram has not given it exactly as I can +remember it in a little book of emblems more than fifty years +ago:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"'Tis an excellent world that we live in,</p> +<p>To lend, to spend, or to give in;</p> +<p>But to borrow or beg, or get a man's own,</p> +<p>'Tis just the worst world that ever was known."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">H. WALTER.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>LETTERS OF QUEEN ELIZABETH AND PHILIP II. OF SPAIN.</h3> +<p>Perhaps some of your readers may be able to inform me whether +any of the following letters between Queen Elizabeth and Philip II. +of Spain, extracted from the archives of Simancas, have yet +appeared in print:—</p> +<p>1. Queen Elizabeth to Philip II., January 9, 1562-3.</p> +<p>2. Answer, April 2, 1563.</p> +<p>3. Philip II.'s reply to the English ambassador in the case of +Bishop Cuadra, April, 1563.</p> +<p>4. Charges made in England against the Bishop of Aquila, +Philip's ambassador, and the answers.</p> +<p>5. Queen Elizabeth to Philip II., January 18, 1569.</p> +<p>6. Philip to Elizabeth, May 9, 1569.</p> +<p>7. Elizabeth to Philip, March 20, 1571.</p> +<p>8. Answer, June 4, 1571.</p> +<p>9. Declaration of the Council to the Spanish ambassador Don +Gueran de Espes, Dec. 14, 1571.</p> +<p>10. The ambassador's answer.</p> +<p>11. Elizabeth to Philip, Dec. 16, 1571.</p> +<p>12. Bermandino de Mendoza to Philip II., in cypher, London, +January 26, 1584.</p> +<p>13. Philip to Elizabeth, July, 16, 1568.</p> +<p>14. Duke of Alva to Philip II., January 14, 1572.</p> +<p>15. Minutes of a letter from Philip II. to Don Gueran de Espes, +February 24, 1572.</p> +<p class="author">A.M.</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page103" id= +"page103"></a>{103}</span> +<h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>The New Temple.</i>—As your correspondent L.B.L. states +(Vol. ii., p. 75.) that he has transcribed a MS. survey of the +Hospitallers' lands in England, taken in 1338, he will do me a +great kindness if he will extract so much of it as contains a +description of the New Temple in London, of which they became +possessed just before that date. It will probably state whether it +was then in the occupation of themselves or others: and, even if it +does not throw any light on the tradition that the lawyers were +then established there, or explain the division into the Inner and +Middle Temple, it will at least give some idea of the boundaries, +and perhaps determine whether the site of Essex House, which, in an +ancient record is called the Outer Temple, was then comprehended +within them.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD FOSS.</p> +<p>"<i>Junius Identified.</i>"—The name of "John Taylor" is +affixed to the Preface, and there can be little doubt, I presume, +that Mr. John Taylor was literally <i>the writer</i> of this work. +It has, however, already become a question of some interest, to +what extent he was assisted by Mr. Dubois. The late Mr. George +Woodfall always spoke of the pamphlet as the work of Dubois. Lord +Campbell, in his <i>Lives of the Chancellors</i>, published a +statement by Lady Francis in respect to Sir Philip's claim to the +authorship of <i>Junius' Letters</i>, and thus introduced +it—"I am indebted for it to the kindness of my old and +excellent friend, Mr. Edward Dubois, <i>the ingenious author of +'Junius Identified'</i>" Mr. Dubois was then, and Mr. Taylor is now +living, and both remained silent. Sir Fortunatus Dwarris, the +intimate friend of Dubois, states that he was "<i>a connection</i> +of Sir Philip Francis", and that the pamphlet is "said, I know not +with what truth, to have been prepared under the eye of Sir Philip +Francis, it may be, through the agency of Dubois." Dubois was +certainly connected with, though not, I believe, related to Sir +Philip; and at the time of the publication he was also connected +with Mr. Taylor. I hope, under these circumstances, that Mr. Taylor +will think it right to favour you with a statement of the facts, +that future "Note"-makers may not perplex future editors with +endless "Queries" on the subject.</p> +<p class="author">R.J.</p> +<p><i>Mildew in Books.</i>—Can you, or any of your readers, +suggest a preventive for mildew in books?</p> +<p>In a valuable public library in this town (Liverpool), much +injury has been occasioned by mildew, the operations of which +appear very capricious; in some cases attacking the printed part of +an engraving, leaving the margin unaffected; in others attacking +the inside of the backs <i>only</i>; and in a few instances it +attacks all parts with the utmost impartiality.</p> +<p>Any hints as to cause or remedy will be most acceptable.</p> +<p class="author">B.</p> +<p><i>George Herbert's Burial-place.</i>—Can any of your +correspondents inform me where the venerable George Herbert, rector +of Bemerton, co. Wilts., was buried, and whether there is any +monument of him existing in any church?</p> +<p class="author">J.R. Fox.</p> +<p><i>The Earl of Essex, and "The Finding of the Rayned +Deer."</i>—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"There is a boke printed at Franker in Friseland, in English, +entitled <i>The Finding of the Rayned Deer</i>, but it bears title +to be printed in Antwerp, it should say to be done by som prieste +in defence of the late Essex's tumult."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The above is the postscript to a letter of the celebrated Father +Parsons written "to one Eure, in England", April 30, 1601, a +contemporary copy of which exists in the State Paper Office [Rome,] +Whitehall. Can any of your readers tell me whether anything is +known of this book?</p> +<p class="author">SPES.</p> +<p>June 28. 1850.</p> +<p><i>The Lass of Richmond Hill.</i>—I should be much obliged +by being informed who wrote the <i>words</i> of the above song, and +when, if it was produced originally at some place of public +entertainment. The Rev. Thomas Maurice, in his elegant poem on +Richmond Hill, has considered it to have been written upon a Miss +Crop, who committed suicide on that spot, April 23rd, 1782; but he +was evidently misinformed, as it appeared some few years later, and +had no reference to that event. I have heard it attributed to +Leonard Mac Nally, a writer of some dramatic pieces, but on no +certain grounds; and it may have been a Vauxhall song about the +year 1788. The music was by James Hook, the father of Theodore +Hook.</p> +<p class="author">QUÆRO.</p> +<p><i>Curfew.</i>—In what towns or villages in England is the +old custom of ringing the curfew still retained?</p> +<p class="author">NABOC.</p> +<p><i>Alumni of Oxford, Cambridge, and Winchester.</i>—Are +the alumni of the various colleges of Oxford, Cambridge, and +Winchester, published from an early period, and the various +preferments they held, similar to the one published at Eton.</p> +<p class="author">J.R. Fox.</p> +<p><i>St. Leger's Life of Archbishop Walsh.</i>—In Doctor +Oliver's <i>History of the Jesuits</i>, it is stated that William +St. Leger, an Irish member of that Society, wrote the <i>Life of +Thomas Walsh, Archbishop of Cashel</i>, in Ireland, published in +4to. at Antwerp in 1655. Can any of your numerous readers inform me +if a copy of this work is to be found in the British Museum, or any +other public library, and something of its contents?</p> +<p class="author">J.W.H.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page104" id= +"page104"></a>{104}</span> +<p><i>Query put to a Pope.</i>—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Sancte Pater! scire vellem</p> +<p>Si Papatus mutat pellem?"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I have been told that these lines were addressed to one of the +popes, whose life, before his elevation to the see of St. Peter, +had been passed in excesses but little suited to the clerical +profession.</p> +<p>They were addressed to him <i>orally</i>, by one of his former +associates, who met and stopped him while on his way to or from +some high festival of the Church, and who plucked aside, as he +spoke, the gorgeous robes in which his quondam fellow-reveller was +dressed.</p> +<p>The reply of the pope was prompt, and, like the question, in a +rhyming Latin couplet. I wish, if possible, to discover, the name +of the pope;—the terms of his reply;—the name of the +bold man who "<i>put him to the question</i>;"—by what writer +the anecdote is recorded, or on what authority it rests.</p> +<p class="author">C. FORBES.</p> +<p>Temple.</p> +<p><i>The Carpenter's Maggot.</i>—I have in my possession a +MS. tune called the "Carpenter's Maggot," which, until within the +last few years, was played (I know for nearly a century) at the +annual dinner of the Livery of the Carpenters' Company. Can any of +your readers inform me where the original is to be found, and also +the origin of the word "Maggot" as applied to a tune?</p> +<p class="author">F.T.P.</p> +<p><i>Lord Delamere.</i>—Can any of your readers give me the +words of a song called "Lord Delamere," beginning:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"I wonder very much that our sovereign king,</p> +<p>So many large taxes upon this land should bring."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>And inform me to what political event this song, of which I have +an imperfect MS. copy, refers.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD PEACOCK, JUN.</p> +<p><i>Henry and the Nut-brown Maid.</i>—SEARCH would be +obliged for any information as to the authorship of this beautiful +ballad.</p> +<p class="note">[Mr. Wright, in his handsome black-letter reprint, +published by Pickering in 1836, states, that "it is impossible to +fix the date of this ballad," and has not attempted to trace the +authorship. We shall be very glad if SEARCH's Query should produce +information upon either of these points.]</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>REPLIES.</h2> +<h3>FRENCH POEM BY MALHERBE.</h3> +<p>The two stanzas your correspondent E.R.C.B. has cited (Vol. ii., +p. 71.) are from an elegiac poem by MALHERBE (who died in 1628, at +the good old age of seventy-three), which is entitled +<i>Consolation à Monsieur Du Perrier sur la Mort de sa +Fille</i>. It has always been a great favorite of mine; for, like +Gray's Elegy and the celebrated <i>Coplas</i> of Jorge Manrique on +the death of his father, beside its philosophic moralising strain, +it has that pathetic character which makes its way at once to the +heart. I will transcribe the first four stanzas for the sake of the +beauty of the fourth:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Ta douleur, Du Perrier, sera done éternelle,</p> +<p class="i2">Et les tristes discours</p> +<p>Que te met en l'esprit l'amitié paternelle</p> +<p class="i2">L'augmenteront toujours.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Le malheur de ta fille au tombeau descendue,</p> +<p class="i2">Par un commun trépas,</p> +<p>Est-ce quelque dédale, où ta raison perdue</p> +<p class="i2">Ne se retrouve pas?</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Je sai de quels appas son enfance estoit pleine;</p> +<p class="i2">Et n'ay pas entrepris,</p> +<p>Injurieux ami, de soulager ta peine</p> +<p class="i2">Avecque son mépris.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Mais elles estoit du monde, où les plus belles +choses</p> +<p class="i2">Ont le pire destin:</p> +<p>Et Rose elle a vécu ce que vivent les roses,</p> +<p class="i2">L'espace d'un matin."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The whole poem consists of twenty-one stanzas and should be read +as a whole; but there are several other striking passages. The +consolation the poet offers to his friend breathes the spirit of +Epictetus:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"De moy, déjà deux fois d'une pareille foudre</p> +<p class="i2">Je me suis vu perclus,</p> +<p>Et deux fois la raison m'a si bien fait resoudre,</p> +<p class="i2">Qu'il ne m'en souvient plus.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Non qu'il ne me soit grief que la terre possède</p> +<p class="i2">Ce qui me fut si cher;</p> +<p>Mais en un accident qui n'a point de remède,</p> +<p class="i2">II n'en faut point chercher."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Then follow the two stanzas cited by your correspondent, and the +closing verse is:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"De murmurer contre-elle et perdre patience,</p> +<p class="i2">Il est mal-à-propos:</p> +<p>Vouloir ce que Dieu veut, est la seule science</p> +<p class="i2">Qui nous met en repos."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The stanza beginning "Le pauvre en sa cabane," is an admirable +imitation of the "Pallida mors æquo pulsat pede," &c. of +Horace, which a countryman of the poet is said to have less happily +rendered "La pâle mort avec son pied de cheval," &c.</p> +<p>Malherbe has been duly appreciated in France: his works, in one +edition, are accompanied by an elaborate comment by Menage and +Chevreau: Racan wrote his life, and Godeau, Bishop of Vence, a +panegyrical preface. He was a man of wit, and ready at an +impromptu; yet it is said, that in writing a consolotary poem to +the President de Verdun, on the death of his wife, he was so long +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page105" id= +"page105"></a>{105}</span> in bringing his verses to that degree of +perfection which satisfied his own fastidious taste, that the +president was happily remarried, and the consolation not at all +required.</p> +<p>Bishop Hurd, in a note on the <i>Epistle to Augustus</i>, p. +72., says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Malherbe was to the French pretty much what Horace had been to +Latin poetry. These great writers had, each of them, rescued the +lyric muse of their country out of the rude ungracious hands of +their old poets. And, as their talents of a <i>good ear</i>, +<i>elegant judgment</i>, and <i>correct expression</i>, were the +same, they presented her to the public in all the air and grace, +and yet <i>severity</i>, of beauty, of which her form was +susceptible."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">S.W. SINGER.</p> +<p>Mickleham, July 2. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>"DIES IRÆ, DIES ILLA."</h3> +<p>In reply to the first of Mr. SIMPSON's Queries (Vol. ii., p. +72.) relative to the magnificent sequence <i>Dies iræ</i>, I +beg to say that the author of it is utterly unknown. The following +references may be sufficient:—Card. Bona, <i>Rer. +Liturgic.</i> lib. ii. cap. vi. p. 336., Romæ, 1671; or, if +possible, Sala's edition, tom. iii. p 143., Aug. Turin. 1753; +Gavantus, tom. i. pp. 274-5., Lugd. 1664; and the <i>Additions</i> +by Merati, i. 117-18., Aug. Vindel, 1740; Zaccaria, <i>Biblioth. +Ritual.</i> tom. i. p. 34., Romæ, 1776; Oldoini Addit. ad +Ciaconii <i>Vit. Pontiff. et Cardd.</i>, tom. ii. col. 222., +Romæ, 1677.</p> +<p>Mr. SIMPSON's second question is, "In what book was it first +printed?" Joannes de Palentia, in his notes upon the <i>Ordinarium +PP. Præd.</i>, asserts that this celebrated prose was first +introduced into the Venice editions of the Missals printed for the +Dominicans. The oldest <i>Missale Prædicatorum</i> which I +possess, or have an opportunity of seeing, is a copy of the +Parisian impression of the year 1519; and herein the <i>Dies +iræ</i> is inserted in the <i>Commemoratio Defunctorum</i>; +mens. Novemb. sig. M. 5.</p> +<p>An inquiry remains as to the date of the general adoption of +this sequence by the Roman Church. In Quetif and Echard +(<i>Scriptt. Ord. Præd.</i> i. 437.), under the name of +Latinus Malabranca, we read that it certainly was not in use in the +year 1255; and there does not appear to be the slightest evidence +of its admission, even upon private authority, into the office for +the dead anterior to the commencement of the fifteenth century.</p> +<p>Your correspondent was not mistaken in his belief that he had +met with an imperfect transcript of this prose, for the original +consists not of "twenty-seven," but of <i>fifty-seven</i> lines. I +may add that I do not remember to have found the text more +correctly given than in the beautiful folio missal of the church of +Augsburg, partly printed on vellum in 1555 (fol. 466. b.).</p> +<p class="author">R.G.</p> +<p>The <i>Dies Iræ</i> is truly said by Mr. SPARROW SIMPSON +(Vol. ii., p. 72.) to be an extremely beautiful hymn. Who was its +author is very doubtful, but the probabilities are in favour of +Thomas de Celano, a Minorite friar, who lived during the second +half of the fourteenth century. It consists of nineteen strophes, +each having three lines. Bartholomew of Pisa, A.D. 1401, in his +<i>Liber Conformitatum</i>, speaks of it; but the earliest printed +book in which I have ever seen this hymn, is the <i>Missale +Romanum</i>, printed at Pavia, A.D. 1491, in 8vo., a copy of which +I have in my possession.</p> +<p class="author">D. ROCK.</p> +<p>Buckland, Faringdon.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>DR. SAMUEL OGDEN.</h3> +<p>In reply to your correspondent TWYFORD (Vol. ii., p. 73.), the +original of the common surname <i>Ogden</i> is doubtless Oakden. A +place so called is situated in Butterworth, Lancashire, and gave +name to a family,—possibly extinct in the sixteenth century. +A clergymam, whose name partook both of the original and its +corruption, was vicar of Bradford, 1556, viz Dus Tho. <i>Okden</i>. +The arms and crest borne by the Oakdens were both allusive to the +name, certainly without any reference to King Charles's +hiding-place.</p> +<p>Dr. Samuel Ogden, born in 1716 at Winchester, was the son of +Thomas Ogden, a man of very humble origin: but he had the merit of +giving a liberal education to one whose natural talents well +deserved culture; and both his parents, in the decline of life, +owed their support to Ogden's filial piety and affection. Cole is +quite mistaken in fixing the father's residence at Mansfield, and +in stating that he had been in the army. The monument, spoken of by +Cole, is not at Mansfield, but in the cathedral of Manchester: nor +is it a memorial of Dr. Ogden. It was placed by him in memory of +his <i>father</i>. Ogden was buried in his own church, St. +Sephlchre's, Cambridge.</p> +<p>The following epigram, it is believed, has not been printed. It +is transcribed from a letter in my possession, addressed by the +first Lord Alvanley, when at college, to his former tutor, Mr. +Thyer, editor of <i>Butler's Remains</i>:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"When Ogden his prosaic verse</p> +<p class="i2">In Latin numbers drest,</p> +<p>The Roman language prov'd too weak</p> +<p class="i2">To stand the Critic's test.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"To English Rhyme he next essay'd,</p> +<p class="i2">To show he'd some pretence;</p> +<p>But ah! Rhyme only would not do—</p> +<p class="i2">They still expected Sense.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Enrag'd, the Doctor said he'd place</p> +<p class="i2">In Critics no reliance,</p> +<p>So wrapt his thoughts in Arabic,</p> +<p class="i2">And bad them all defiance."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">J.H. MARKLAND.</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page106" id= +"page106"></a>{106}</span> +<p><i>Ogden Family</i> (Vol. ii., p. 73.).—Perhaps the +representatives of the late Thomas Ogden, Esq., and who was a +private banker at Salisbury previous to 1810 (presuming he was a +member of the family mentioned by your correspondent TWYFORD), +might be able to furnish him with the information he seeks.</p> +<p class="author">J.R. FOX.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Replies to Minor Queries.</h3> +<p><i>Porson's Imposition</i> (Vol. i., p. 71.) is indeed, I +believe, an <i>imposition</i>. The last line quoted (and I suppose +all the rest) can hardly be Porson's, for Mr. Langton amused +Johnson, Boswell, and a dinner party at General Oglethorpe's, on +the 14th of April, 1778, with some macaronic Greek "by <i>Joshua +Barnes</i>, in which are to be found such comical Anglo-hellenisms +as [Greek: klubboisin ebagchthae] they were banged with clubs." +Boswell's <i>Johnson</i>, last ed. p. 591.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>The Three Dukes</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 9, 46, 91.).—Andrew +Marvel thus makes mention of the outrage on the beadle in his +letter to the Mayor of Hull, Feb. 28, 1671 (<i>Works</i>, i. +195.):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"On Saturday night last, or rather Sunday morning, at two +o'clock, some persons reported to be of great quality, together +with other gentlemen, set upon the watch and killed a poor beadle, +praying for his life upon his knees, with many wounds; warrants are +out for apprehending some of them, but they are fled."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I am not aware of any contemporary authority for the names of +the three dukes; and a difficulty in the way of assigning them by +conjecture is, that in the poem they are called "three bastard +dukes." Your correspondent C. has rightly said (p. 46.) that none +of Charles II.'s bastard sons besides Monmouth would have been old +enough in 1671 to be actors in such a fray. Sir Walter Scott, in +his notes on <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, referring to the poem, +gives the assault to Monmouth and some of his brothers; but he did +so, probably, without considering dates, and on the strength of the +words "three bastard dukes."</p> +<p>Mr. Lister, in the passage in his <i>Life of Clarendon</i> +referred to by Mr. Cooper (p. 91.), gives no authority for his +mention of Albemarle. I should like to know if Mr. Wade has any +other authority than Mr. Lister for this statement in his useful +compilation.</p> +<p>Were it certain that three dukes were engaged in this fray, and +were we not restricted to "bastards," I should say that Monmouth, +Albemarle, and Richmond (who married the beautiful Miss Stuart, and +killed himself by drinking) would probably be the three culprits. +As regards Albemarle, he might perhaps have been called bastard +without immoderate use of libeller's licence.</p> +<p>If three dukes did murder the beadle, it is strange that their +names have not been gibbeted in many of the diaries and letters +which we have of that period. And this is the more strange, as this +assault took place just after the attack on Sir John Coventry, +which Monmouth instigated, and which had created so much +excitement.</p> +<p>The question is not in itself of much importance; but I can +suggest a mode in which it may possibly be settled. Let the royal +pardons of 1671 be searched in the Rolls' Chapel, Chancery Lane. If +the malefactors were pardoned by name, the three dukes may there +turn up. Or if any of your readers is able to look through the +Domestic Papers for February and March, 1671, in the State Paper +Office, he would be likely to find there come information upon the +subject.</p> +<p>Query. Is the doggerel poem in the <i>State Poems</i> Marvel's? +Several poems which are ascribed to him are as bad in +versification, and, I need not say, in coarseness.</p> +<p>Query 2. Is there any other authority for Queen Catharine's +fondness for dancing than the following lines of the poem?</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"See what mishaps dare e'en invade Whitehall,</p> +<p>This silly fellow's death puts off the ball,</p> +<p>And disappoints the Queen's foot, little Chuck;</p> +<p>I warrant 'twould have danced it like a duck."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">CH.</p> +<p><i>Kant's Sämmtliche Werke.</i>—Under the head of +"Books and Odd Volumes" (Vol. ii., p. 59.), there is a Query +respecting the XIth part of Kant's <i>Sämmtliche Werke</i>, to +which I beg to reply that it was published at Leipzig, in two +portions, in 1842. It consists of Kant's Letters, Posthumous +Fragments, and Biography. The work was completed by a 12th vol., +containing a history of the Kantian Philosophy, by Carl Rosenkranz, +one of the editors of this edition of Kant.</p> +<p class="author">J.M.</p> +<p><i>Becket's Mother</i> (Vol. i., pp. 415. 490.; vol. ii., p. +78.).—Although the absence of any contemporaneous relation of +this lady's romantic history may raise a reasonable doubt of its +authenticity, it seems to derive indirect confirmation from the +fact, that the hospital founded by Becket's sister shortly after +his death, on the spot where he was born, part of which is now the +Mercers' chapel in Cheapside, was called "The Hospital of St. +Thomas the Martyr <i>of Acon</i>." Erasmus, also, in his +<i>Pilgrimages to Walsingham and Canterbury</i> (see J.G. Nichol's +excellent translation and notes, pp. 47. 120.), says that the +archbishop was called "Thomas <i>Acrensis</i>."</p> +<p class="author">Edward Foss.</p> +<p><i>"Imprest" and "Debenture."</i>—Perhaps the following +may be of some use to D.V.S. (Vol. ii., p. 40.) in his search for +the verbal raw material out of which these words were +manufactured.</p> +<p>Their origin may, I think, be found in the Latin terms used in +the ancient accounts of persons <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page107" id="page107"></a>{107}</span> officially employed by the +crown to express transactions somewhat similar to those for which +they appear to be now used. Persons conversant with those records +must frequently have met with cases where money advanced, paid on +account, or as earnest, was described as "de prestito" or "in +prestitis." Ducange gives "præstare" and its derivatives as +meaning "mutuo dare" with but little variation; but I think that +too limited a sense. The practice of describing a document itself +by the use of the material or operative parts expressing or +defining the transaction for which it was employed, is very common. +In legal and documentary proceedings, it is indeed the only one +that is followed. Let D.V.S. run over and compare any of the +well-known descriptions of writs, as <i>habeas corpus</i>, +<i>mandamus</i>, <i>fi. fa.</i>: or look into Cowell's +<i>Interpreter</i>, or a law dictionary, and he will see numerous +cases where terms now known as the names of certain documents are +merely the operative parts of Latin <i>formulæ</i>. "Imprest" +seems to be a slightly corrupted translation of "in prestito;" that +part of the instrument being thus made to give its name to the +whole. Of "debenture" I think there is little doubt that it may be +similarly explained. Those Record Offices which possess the ancient +accounts and vouchers of officers of the royal household contain +numerous "debentures" of the thirteenth, but far more of the +fourteenth, century. In this case the <i>initial</i> is the chief +operative word: those relating to the royal wardrobe, commencing +"Debentur in garderoba domini regis," being in fact merely +memorandums expressing or acknowledging that certain sums of money +"are owing" for articles supplied for the use of that department. +It is well known that the royal exchequer was, at the time these +documents were executed, often in great straits; and it seems to me +scarcely doubtful that these early "debentures" were actually +delivered over to tradesmen, &c., as security for the amount +due to them, and given in to be cancelled when the debts were +discharged by the Exchequer officers.</p> +<p>There is a remarkable feature about these ancient "debentures" +which I may perhaps be permitted to notice here, viz., the very +beautiful seals of the officers of the royal household and wardrobe +which are impressed upon them. They are of the somewhat rare +description known as "appliqué;" and at a time when personal +seals were at the highest state of artistic developement, those few +seals of the clerks of the household which have escaped injury (to +which they are particularly exposed) are unrivalled for their +clearness of outline, design, delicacy, and beauty of +execution.</p> +<p>Allowing for the changes produced by time, I think sufficient +analogy may be found between the ancient and modern uses of the +words "imprest" and "debenture."</p> +<p class="author">J. BT.</p> +<p>"<i>Imprest</i>" (Vol. ii., p. 40).—D.V.S. will find an +illustration of the early application of this word to advances made +by the Treasury in the "Rotulus de <i>Prestito</i>" of 12 John, +printed by the Record Commission under the careful editorship of +Mr. T. Duffus Hardy, whose preface contains a clear definition of +its object, and an account of other existing rolls of the same +character.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD FOSS.</p> +<p><i>Derivation of News.</i>—P.C.S.S. has read with great +interest the various observations on the derivation of the word +"News" which have appeared in the "NOTES AND QUERIES," and +especially those of the learned and ingenious Mr. Hickson. He +ventures, however, with all respect, to differ from the opinion +expressed by that gentleman in Vol. i., p. 81., to the effect +that—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"In English, there is no process known by which a noun plural +can be formed from an adjective, without the previous formation of +the singular in the same sense."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>P.C.S.S. would take the liberty of reminding Mr. H. of the +following passage in the <i>Tempest</i>:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i10">"When that is gone,</p> +<p>He shall drink nought but brine, for I'll not show him</p> +<p>Where the quick freshes lie."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Surely, in this instance, the plural noun "freshes" is not +formed from any such singular noun as "<i>fresh</i>," but directly +from the adjective, which latter does not seem to have been ever +used as a singular <i>noun</i>.</p> +<p>While on the subject of "News," P.C.S.S. finds in Pepys' +<i>Diary</i> (vol. iii. p. 59.) another application of the word, in +the sense of a noun singular, which he does not remember to have +seen noticed by others.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Anon, the coach comes—in the meantime, there coming a +<i>news</i> thither, with his horse to come over."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>In other parts of the <i>Diary</i>, the word <i>News-book</i> is +occasionally employed to signify what is now termed a newspaper, +or, more properly, a bulletin. For instance (vol. iii. p. 29.), we +find that—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"This <i>News-book</i>, upon Mr. Moore's showing L'Estrange +Captain Ferrers's letter, did do my Lord Sandwich great right as to +the late victory."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>And again (at p. 51.):</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"I met this noon with Dr. Barnett, who told me, and I find in +the <i>News-book</i> this week, that he posted upon the 'Change,'" +&c. &c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Much has been lately written in the "NOTES AND QUERIES" +respecting the "Family of Love." A sect of a similar name existed +here in 1641, and a full and not very decent description of their +rites and orgies is to be found in a small pamphlet of that date, +reprinted in the fourth volume (8vo. ed.) of the <i>Harleian +Miscellany</i>.</p> +<p class="author">P.C.S.S.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page108" id= +"page108"></a>{108}</span> +<p><i>Origin of Adur</i> (Vol. ii., p. 71.).—A, derived from +the same root as Aqua and the French <i>Eau</i>, is a frequent +component of the names of rivers: "A-dur, A-run, A-von, A-mon," the +adjunct being supposed to express the individual characteristic of +the stream. <i>A-dur</i> would then mean the <i>river of oaks</i>, +which its course from Horsham Forest through the Weald of Sussex, +of which "oak is the weed," would sufficiently justify. It is +called in ancient geography <i>Adurnus</i>, and is probably from +the same root as the French <i>Adour</i>.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p>The river Adur, which passes by Shoreham, is the same name as +the Adour, a great river in the Western Pyrenees.</p> +<p>This coincidence seems to show that it is neither a Basque word, +nor a Saxon. Whether it is a mere expansion of <i>ydwr</i>, the +water, in Welch, I cannot pretend to say, but probably it includes +it.</p> +<p>We have the Douro in Spain; and the Doire, or Doria, in +Piedmont. Pompadour is clearly derived from the above French river, +or some other of the same name.</p> +<p class="author">C.B.</p> +<p><i>Meaning of Steyne</i> (Vol. ii., P. 71.).—Steyne is no +doubt <i>stone</i>, and may have reference to the original name of +Brighthelm-<i>stone</i>: but what the <i>stone</i> or "steyne" was, +I do not conjecture; but it lay or stood probably on that little +flat valley now called the "Steyne." It is said that, so late as +the time of Elizabeth, the town was encompassed by a high and +strong <i>stone wall</i>; but that could have no influence on the +name, which, whether derived from Bishop <i>Brighthelm</i> or not, +is assuredly of Saxon times. There is a small town not far distant +called <i>Steyning, i.e.</i> the meadow of the stone. In my early +days, the name was invariably pronounced Brighthamstone.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>Sarum and Barum</i> (Vol. ii., p. 21.).—As a +conjecture, I would suggest the derivation of <i>Sarum</i> may have +been this. Salisbury was as frequently written Sarisbury. The +contracted form of this was Sap., the ordinary import of which is +the termination of the Latin genitive plural <i>rum</i>. Thus an +imperfectly educated clerk would be apt to read <i>Sarum</i> +instead of Sarisburia; and the error would pass current, until one +reading was accepted for right as much as the other. In other +instances we adopt the Law Latin or Law French of mediæval +times; as the county of <i>Oxon</i> for Oxfordshire, <i>Salop</i> +for Shropshire, &c., and <i>Durham</i> is generally supposed to +be French (<i>Duresmm</i>), substituted for the Anglo-Saxon +Dunholm, in Latin <i>Dunelmum</i>. I shall perhaps be adding a +circumstance of which few readers will be aware, in remarking that +the Bishops of Durham, down to the present day, take alternately +the Latin and French signatures, <i>Duresm</i> and +<i>Dunelm</i>.</p> +<p class="author">J.G.N.</p> +<p>"<i>Epigrams on the Universities</i>" (Vol. ii., p. +88.).—The following extract frown Hartshorne's +<i>Book-rarities in the University of Cambridge</i> will fully +answer the Query of your Norwich correspondent.</p> +<p>After mentioning, the donation to that University, by George I., +of the valuable library of Dr. Moore, Bishop of Ely, which his +Majesty had purchased for 6,000 guineas, the author +adds,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"When George I. sent these books to the University, he sent at +the time a troop of horse to Oxford, which gave occasion to the +following well-known epigram from Dr. Trapp, smart in its way, but +not so clever as the answer from Sir William Browne:—</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"The King, observing, with judicious eyes,</p> +<p>The state of both his Universities,</p> +<p>To one he sent a regiment; for why?</p> +<p>That learned body wanted loyalty:</p> +<p>To th' other he sent books, as well discerning</p> +<p>How much that loyal body wanted learning."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>The Answer.</i></p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"The King to Oxford sent his troop of horse,</p> +<p>For Tories hold no argument but force:</p> +<p>With equal care to Cambridge books he sent,</p> +<p>For Whigs allow no force but argument.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>"The books were received Nov. 19, 20, &c., 1715."</p> +<p class="author">G.A.S.</p> +<p class="note">[J.J. DREDGE, V. (Belgravia), and many other +correspondents, have also kindly replied to this Query.]</p> +<p><i>Dulcarnon</i> (Vol. i., p. 254.)—<i>Urry</i> says +nothing, but quotes <i>Speght</i>, and <i>Skene</i>, and +<i>Selden</i>.</p> +<p>"<i>Dulcarnon</i>," says Speght, "is a proposition in +<i>Euclid</i> (lib. i. theor. 33. prop. 47.), which was found out +by Pythagoras after a whole years' study, and much beating of his +brain; in thankfulness whereof he sacrificed an ox to the gods, +which sacrifice he called Dulcarnon."</p> +<p><i>Neckam</i> derived it from <i>Dulia quasi sacrificium</i> and +<i>carnis</i>.</p> +<p><i>Skene</i> justly observes that the triumph itself cannot be +the point; but the word might get associated with the problem, +either considered before its solution, puzzling to +<i>Pythagoras</i>, or the demonstration, still difficult to +us,—a Pons Asinorum, like the 5th proposition.</p> +<p>Mr. <i>Selden</i>, in his preface to <i>Drayton's +Polyolbion</i>, says,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"I cannot but digresse to admonition of abuse which this learned +allusion, in his <i>Troilus</i>, by ignorance hath indured.</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"'I am till God mee better mind send,</p> +<p>At <i>Dulcarnon</i>, right at my wit's end.'</p> +</div> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p>It's not <i>Neckam</i>, or any else, that can make mee +entertaine the least thought of the signification of +<i>Dulcarnon</i> to be <i>Pythagorus</i> his sacrifice after his +geometricall theorem in finding the square of an orthogonall +triangle's sides, or that it is a word of <i>Latine</i> deduction: +but, indeed, by easier pronunciation it was made of +D'hulkarnyan<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a href= +"#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a>, i.e. <i>two-horned</i> which the +<i>Mahometan Arabians</i> <span class="pagenum"><a name="page109" +id="page109"></a>{109}</span> vie for a root in calculation, +meaning <i>Alexander</i>, as that great dictator of knowledge, +<i>Joseph Scaliger</i> (with some ancients) wills, but, by +warranted opinion of my learned friend Mr. <i>Lydyat</i>, in his +<i>Emendatio Temporum</i>, it began in <i>Seleucus Nicanor</i>, XII +yeares after <i>Alexander's</i> death. The name was applyed, either +because after time that <i>Alexander</i> had persuaded himself to +be <i>Jupiter Hammon's</i> sonne, whose statue was with +<i>Ram's</i> hornes, both his owne and his successors' coins were +stampt with horned images: or else in respect of his II pillars +erected in the East as a <i>Nihil ultra</i><a id="footnotetag6" +name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a> of +his conquest, and some say because hee had in power the Easterne +and Westerne World, signified in the two hornes. But howsoever, it +well fits the passage, either, as if hee had personated +<i>Creseide</i> at the entrance of two wayes, not knowing which to +take; in like sense as that of <i>Prodicus</i> his <i>Hercules</i>, +<i>Pythagoras</i> his <i>Y.</i>, or the Logicians <i>Dilemma</i> +expresse; or else, which is the truth of his conceit, that hee was +at a <i>nonplus</i>, as the interpretation in his next staffe makes +plaine. How many of noble <i>Chaucer's</i> readers never so much as +suspect this his short essay of knowledge, transcending the common +Rode? And by his treatise of the <i>Astrolabe</i> (which, I dare +sweare, was chiefly learned out of <i>Messahalah</i>) it is plaine +hee was much acquainted with the mathematiques, and amongst their +authors had it."</p> +</blockquote> +<p><i>D'Herbelot</i> says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>Dhoul</i> (or <i>Dhu</i>) <i>carnun</i>, <i>with the two +horns</i>, is the surname of <i>Alexander</i>, that is, of an +ancient and fabulous Alexander of the first dynasty of the +Persians. 795. Article Sedd, Tagioug and Magioug. 993. Article +Khedher. 395. b. 335. b. Fael.</p> +<p>"But 317. Escander, he says, Alexander the Great has the same +title secondarily. The truth probably is the reverse, that the +fabulous personage was taken from the real conqueror.</p> +<p>"<i>Hofmann</i>, in Seleucus, says that the area of Seleucus is +called Terik Dhylkarnain, <i>i.e.</i> Epocha Alexandri Cornigen. +Tarik means probably the date of an event."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>There can be no doubt that the word in Chaucer is this Arabic +word; nor, I think, that Speght's story is really taught by the +Arabs, our teachers in mathematics. Whether the application is from +Alexander, (they would know nothing of his date with regard to +Pythagoras), or merely from two-horned, is doubtful. The latter +might possibly mean the ox.</p> +<p>Mr. Halliwell gives a quotation from Stanyhurst, in which it +means "dull persons"—an obvious misuse of it for Englishmen, +and which Skene fortifies by an A.-S. derivation, but which is +clearly not Cressida's meaning, or she would have said, "I +<i>am</i> Dulcarnon," not "I <i>am at</i> Dulcarnon;" and so Mrs. +Roper.</p> +<p>It may seem difficult what Pandarus can mean:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Dulcarnon clepid is fleming of wretches,</p> +<p>It semith hard, for wretchis wol nought lere</p> +<p>For very slouthe, or othir wilfull tetches,</p> +<p>This said is by them that ben't worth two fetches,</p> +<p>But ye ben wise."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Whether he means that wretches call it <i>fleming</i> or not, +his argument is, "You are not a wretch." Speght's derivation seems +to mean, "Quod stultos vertit." <i>Fleamas</i>, A.-S. (Lye), is +<i>fuga</i>, <i>fugacio</i>, from <i>flean</i>, to flee. Pandarus, +I think, does not mean to give the derivation of the word, but its +application of fools, a stumbling-block, or puzzle.</p> +<p class="author">C.B.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote5" name= +"footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag5">(return)</a> +<p>Speght gives it in English letters, but Selden in Arabic.</p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote6" name= +"footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag6">(return)</a> +<p>Christman, <i>Comment. in Alfragan</i>, cap. ii. +<i>Lysimachi</i> Cornuum apud Cael. Rhodigin. <i>Antiq. lect.</i> +10. cap. xii., hic genuina interpretatio.</p> +</blockquote> +<p><i>Dr. Maginn.</i>—The best account of this most talented +but unfortunate man, is given in the <i>Dublin University Mag.</i>, +vol. xxiii. p. 72. A reprint of this article, with such additional +particulars of his numerous and dispersed productions as might be +supplied, would form a most acceptable volume.</p> +<p class="author">F.R.A.</p> +<p><i>America known to the Ancients.</i>—To the list of +authorities on this subject given in Vol. i., p. 342., I have the +pleasure to add Father Laffiteau; Bossu<a id="footnotetag7" name= +"footnotetag7"></a><a href="#footnote7"><sup>7</sup></a>, in his +<i>Travels through Louisiana</i>; and though last, not least, +Acosta, who in his <i>Naturall and Morall Historie of the East and +West Indies</i>, translated by E.G. [Grimestone], 1604, 4to., +devotes eighty-one pages to a review of the opinions of the +ancients on the new world.</p> +<p>The similarity which has been observed to exist between the +manners of several American nations, and those of some of the +oldest nations on our continent, which seems to demonstrate that +this country was not unknown in ancient times, has been traced by +Nicholls, in the first part of his <i>Conference with a Theist</i>, +in several particulars, viz. burning of the victim in sacrifices, +numbering by tens, fighting with bows and arrows, their arts of +spinning, weaving, &c. The arguments, multitudinous as they +are, adduced by Adair for his hypothesis that the American Indians +are descended from the Jews, serve to prove that the known or old +world furnished the new one with men. To these may be added the +coincidences noticed in "NOTES AND QUERIES;" burning the dead (Vol. +i., p. 308.); the art of manufacturing glass (p. 341.); scalping +(Vol. ii., p. 78.). Your correspondents will doubtless be able to +point out other instances. Besides drinking out of the skulls of +their enemies, recorded of the Scythians by Herodotus; and of the +savages of Louisiana by Bossu; I beg to mention a remarkable one +furnished by Catlin—the sufferings endured by the youths +among the Mandans, when admitted into the rank of warriors, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page110" id= +"page110"></a>{110}</span> reminding us of the probationary +exercises which the priests of Mithras forced the candidates for +initiation to undergo.</p> +<p class="author">T.J.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote7" name= +"footnote7"></a><b>Footnote 7:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag7">(return)</a> +<p>Forster, the translator of this work, annihilates the argument +for the settlement of the Welsh derived from the word "penguin" +signifying "white head," by the fact of the bird in question having +a <i>black</i>, not a <i>white</i> head!</p> +</blockquote> +<p><i>Collar of SS.</i> (Vol. ii., p. 89.).—B. will find a +great deal about these collars in some interesting papers in the +Gentleman's Magazine for 1842, vols. xvii. and xviii., conmunicated +by Mr. J.G. Nicholls; and in the Second Series of the Retrospective +Review, vol. i. p. 302., and vol. ii. pp. 156. 514. 518. Allow me +to add a Query: Who are the persons now privileged to wear these +collars? and under what circumstances, and at what dates, was such +privilege reduced to its present limitation?</p> +<p class="author">[Greek: Phi.]</p> +<p><i>Martello Towers</i> (Vol. ii., p. 9.).—A misspelling +for <i>Mortella</i> towers. They are named after a tower which +commands the entrance to the harbour of St. Fiorenzo, in Corsica; +but they are common along the coasts of the Mediterranean. They +were built along the low parts of the Sussex and Kent coasts, in +consequence of the powerful defence made by Ensign Le Tellier at +the Tower of Mortella, with a garrison of 38 men only, on 8th +February, 1794, against an attack by sea, made by the +<i>Fortitude</i> and <i>Juno</i>, part of Lord Hood's fleet, and by +land, made by a detachment of troops under Major-General Dundas. +The two ships kept up a fire for two hours and a half without +making any material impression, and then hauled out of gun-shot, +the <i>Fortitude</i> having lost 6 men killed and 56 wounded, 8 +dangerously. The troops were disembarked, and took possession of a +height comnanding the tower; and their battering was as +unsuccessful, till a hot shot fell and set fire to the bass-junk, +with which, to the depth of five feet, the immensely thick parapet +wall was lined. This induced the small garrison, of whom two were +mortally wounded, to surrender. The tower mounted only one 6 and +two 18-pounders, and the carriage of one of the latter had been +rendered unserviceable during the cannonade. (See James' <i>Naval +History</i>, vol. i. p. 285.) The towers along the English coast +extend from Hythe to Seaford, where the last tower is numbered 74, +at intervals of about a quarter of a mile, except where the coast +is protected by the cliffs. The tower at Seaford is 32 feet high, +with a circumference of 136 feet at the base, and gradually +tapering to 90 feet at the top. The wall is 6 feet thick at the top +next the sea, and 2 feet on the land side. The cost of each tower +was very large,—from 15,000<i>l.</i> to 20,000<i>l.</i> I am +not aware of any blue book on the subject; blue books were not so +much in vogue at the time of their erection, or perhaps a little +less would have been spent in these erections, and a little more +pains would have been taken to see that they were properly built. +Some have been undermined by the sea and washed down already; in +others, the facing of brick has crumbled away; and in all the +fancied security which the original tower taught us to expect would +be probably lessened were the English towers subjected to an +attack.</p> +<p class="author">WM. DURRANT COOPER.</p> +<p>"<i>A Frog he would a-wooing go</i>" (Vol. ii., p. 75.).—I +know not whether this foolish ballad is worth the notice it has +already received, but I can venture to say that the supposed Irish +version is but a modern variance from the old ballad which I +remember above sixty years, and which began—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"There was a frog lived in a well,</p> +<p class="i4">Heigho crowdie!</p> +<p>And a merry mouse in a mill,</p> +<p class="i2">With a howdie crowdie, &c. &c.</p> +<p>This frog he would a-wooing go,</p> +<p class="i4">Heigho crowdie!</p> +<p>Whether his mother would let him or no,</p> +<p class="i2">With a howdie crowdie," &c.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Of the rest of the ballad I only remember enough to be able to +say that it had little or no resemblance to the version in your +last Number.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>William of Wykeham</i> (Vol. ii., p. 89.).—1. I believe +that there is no better life of this prelate than that by Bishop +Lowth.</p> +<p>2. The public records published since he wrote give several +further particulars of Wykeham's early career, but a proper notice +of them would be too extended for your columns.</p> +<p>3. When W.H.C. recollects that New College, Oxford, the first of +the works he names, was not commenced till 1380, and that Wykeham +had then enjoyed the revenues of his rich bishopric for nearly +fourteen years, and had previously been in possession of many +valuable preferments, both lay and ecclesiastical, for fourteen +years more, he will find his third question sufficiently answered, +and cease to wonder at the accumulation of that wealth which was +applied with wise and munificent liberality to such noble and +useful objects.</p> +<p>I am not able to answer W.H.C.'s 4th and 5th questions.</p> +<p class="author">[Greek: Phi.]</p> +<p><i>Execution of Charles I.</i> (Vol. ii., p. 72.).—The +late Mr. Rodd had collected several interesting papers on this +subject; and from his well-known acquaintance with all matters +relating to English history, they are no doubt valuable. Of course +they exist. He offered them to the writer of this note, on +condition that he would prosecute the inquiry. Other engagements +prevented his availng himself of this liberal offer.</p> +<p class="author">J.M.</p> +<p>Woburn Abbey.</p> +<p><i>Swords</i> (Vol. i., p. 415.).—Swords "ceased to be +worn as an article of dress" through the influence of Beau Nash, +and were consequently first out of fashion in Bath. "We wear no +swords here," says Sir Lucius O'Trigger.</p> +<p class="author">WEDSECUARF.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page111" id= +"page111"></a>{111}</span> +<p><i>The Low Window</i> (Vol. ii., p. 55.).—In Bibury +Church, Gloucestershire, are several windows of unusual character; +and in the chancel is a narrow, low window, called to this day "the +Lepers' window," through which, it is concluded, the lepers who +knelt outside the building witnessed the elevation of the host at +the altar, as well as other functions discharged by the priest +during the celebration of mass.</p> +<p class="author">ROBERT SNOW.</p> +<p><i>Brasichelli's Expurgatory Index</i> (Vol. ii., p. +37.).—Although unable to reply to MR. SANSOM's Query, by +pointing out any public library in which he can find the Ratisbon +reprint of Brasichelli's <i>Expurgatory Index</i>, I beg to state +that I possess it, the Bergomi reprint, and also the original, and +that MR. SANSOM is perfectly welcome to a sight of either.</p> +<p class="author">C.J. STEWART</p> +<p>11. King William Street, West Strand.</p> +<p><i>Discursus Modestus</i> (Vol. i., pp. 142, +205.)—Crakanthorp, in his <i>Defens. Eccl. Angl.</i>, cap. +vi. p. 27. (A.C.L. edition), refers to <i>Discur. Compen. de +Jesuit. Angl.</i>, p. 15., and quotes from it the words, "Omnia pro +tempore, nihil pro veritate." Is this <i>Discur. Compen.</i> the +<i>Discurs. Modest.</i>? and are these words to be found in +Watson's <i>Quodlibets</i>? This would fix the identity of the two +books. It is curious that the only two references made by Bishop +Andrews to the <i>Discurs. Modest.</i> (<i>Respons. ad Apol.</i>, +pp. 7. and 117.) are to page 13., and both the statements are found +in page 81. of Watson. Crakanthorp, however (p. 532.), quotes both +the works,—<i>Discurs. Modestus de Jesuit. Anglic.</i>, and +Watson.</p> +<p>From the many different Latin titles given to this book, it +seems certain that it was originally written in English, and that +the title was Latinized according to each person's fancy. There is +no copy in the Lambeth library.</p> +<p class="author">J.B.</p> +<p><i>Melancthon's Epigram.</i>—Melancthon, in the epigram +translated by RUFUS (Vol. i., p. 422.), seems to have borrowed the +idea, or, to use the more expressive term of your "Schoolboy", to +leave cabbaged from Martial's epigram, terminating thus:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Non possunt nostros multæ Faustine lituræ,</p> +<p>Emendare jocos: una litura potest."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Martial</i>, Book iv. 10.</p> +<p class="author">NABOC.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>Miscellaneous</h2> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, &C.</h3> +<p>Mr. Bohn has just published the second volume of his very useful +and complete edition of <i>Junius' Letters</i>. It contains, in +addition to a new essay on their authorship, entitled <i>The +History and Discovery of Junius</i>, by the editor, Mr. Wade, the +Private Letters of Junius addressed to Woodfall; the Letters of +Junius to Wilkes; and the Miscellaneous Letters which have been +attributed to the same powerful pen. Mr. Wade is satisfied that Sir +Philip Francis was Junius; a theory of which it is said, "Se non e +vero e ben trovato:" and, if he does not go the length of Sir F. +Dwarris in regarding Sir P. Francis, not as the solitary champion, +but the most active of the sturdy band of politicians whose views +he advocated, he shows that he was known to and assisted by many +influential members of his own political party. Some of the most +curious points in the Junius history are illustrated by notes by +Mr. Bohn himself, who, we have no doubt will find his edition of +Junius among the most successful volumes of his Standard +Library.</p> +<p>We have received the following Catalogues:—W.S. Lincoln's +(Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Fifty-eighth Catalogue of +Cheap Books in various Departments of Literature; W. Straker's (3. +Adelaide Street, West Strand) Catalogue No. 4. 1850, Theological +Literature, Ancient and Modern; J.G. Bell's (10. Bedford Street, +Covent Garden) Catalogue of Interesting and Valuable Autograph +Letters and other Documents; John Miller's (43. Chandos Street) +Catalogue No. 8. for 1850, of Books Old and New.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> +<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h4> +<h4>(<i>In continuation of Lists in former Nos.</i>)</h4> +<p>PULLEYNE'S ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM. BARNABY GOOGE'S POPISH +KINGDOM.</p> +<h4>Odd Volumes</h4> +<p>MILMAN'S EDITION OF GIBBON'S DECLINE AND FALL. Ed. 1838. Vols. +9, 10, 11, 12.</p> +<p>DUKE OF BEDFORD'S CORRESPONDENCE. Vols. 2 and 3.</p> +<p>ARNOLD'S HISTORY OF ROME. Vol. 3.</p> +<p>LE CLERC'S BIBLIOTHEQUE CHOISIE. Vol. 6.</p> +<p>AVELLANADA'S CONTINUATION OF DON QUIXOTE, translated by Barker, +12mo. 1760. Vol. 2.</p> +<p>TOUR THROUGH GREAT BRITAIN, 12mo. 1742. Vols. 1 and 2.</p> +<p>TRISTRAM SHANDY. Vols. 7, 8, 9, and 10.</p> +<p>Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i> to be sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher Of "NOTES AND QUERIES", +186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3> +<p>P.M. <i>is referred to our</i> 27th No., p. 445., <i>where he +will learn that the supposed French original of "Not a Drum was +heard" was a clever hoax from the ready pen of Father Prout. The +date when</i> P.M. <i>read the poem, and not the</i> date it bore, +<i>is a point necessary to be established to prove its existence +"anterior to the supposed author of that beautiful poem".</i></p> +<p><i>Will the Correspondent who wished for Vol. 8. of Rushworth, +furnish his name and address, as a copy has been reported.</i></p> +<p>VOLUME THE FIRST OR NOTES AND QUERIES, <i>with Title-page and +very copious Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, +and may be had, by order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen.</i></p> +<p>Errata. In No. 34., p. 63., in reply to Delta, for "MRRIS," read +"MARRIS"; and for "MRIE" read "MARIE." No. 36., P. 83., l. 40., for +"prohibens" read "prohiben<i>te</i>".</p> +<hr class="adverts" /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page112" id= +"page112"></a>{112}</span> +<p>MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS</p> +<p>FOR JULY. Gratis as usual. Contains works on Archæology, +Antiquities, Botany, Coins, Chess, Freemasonry, Geology and +Mineralogy, Heraldry, Irish Topography, Old Plays, Phrenology, +Theatres, and Dramatic History, Wales, its History, &c., with +an extensive assortment of Books in other departments of +Literature, equally scarce, curious, and interesting.</p> +<p>JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Second Edition, cloth 1<i>s.</i></p> +<p>EASTERN CHURCHES. By the author of "Proposals for Christian +Union." "This is a very careful compilation of the latest +information of the faith and condition of the various churches of +Christ scattered through the East."—<i>Britannia.</i> "The +book is cheap, but it contains a good deal of matter, and appears a +labour of duty."—<i>Spectator.</i> "A brief, yet full and +correct, and withal a most agreeably written account, of the +different Eastern Churches."—<i>Nottingham Journal.</i></p> +<p>JAMES DARLING, Great Queen-street, Lincoln's Inn Fields.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Preparing for publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo.</p> +<p>THE FOLK-LORE of ENGLAND. By William J. Thoms, F.S.A., Secretary +of the Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and +Legends of all Nations," &c. One object of the present work is +to furnish new contributions to the History of our National +Folk-Lore; and especially some of the more striking Illustrations +of the subject to be found in the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other +Continental Antiquaries.</p> +<p>Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable +Customs and Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are +earnestly solicited, and will be thankfully acknowledged by the +Editor. They may be addressed to the care of Mr. BELL, Office of +"NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Vols. I. and II. 8vo., price 28<i>s.</i> cloth.</p> +<p>THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND; from the TIME of the CONQUEST. By EDWARD +FOSS, F.S.A. "A work in which a subject of great historical +importance is treated with the care, diligence, and learning it +deserves; in which Mr. Foss has brought to light many points +previously unknown, corrected many errors, and shown such ample +knowledge of his subject as to conduct it successfully through all +the intricacies of a difficult investigation, and such taste and +judgement as will enable him to quit, when occasion requires, the +dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to his work, +as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a philosophical +history."—<i>Gent. Mag.</i></p> +<p>London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.</p> +<hr /> +<p>THE PRIMÆVAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND ILLUSTRATED BY THOSE +OF DENMARK.</p> +<p>THE PRIMÆVAL ANTIQUITIES OF DENMARK. By J.J.A. WORSAAE, +Member of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Copenhagen. +Translated and applied to the illustration of similar Remains in +England, by WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden +Society. With numerous Woodcuts. 8vo. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>"The best antiquarian handbook we have ever met with—so +clear is its arrangement, and so well and so plainly is each +subject illustrated by well executed engravings.... It is the joint +production of two men who have already distinguished themselves as +authors and antiquarians."—<i>Morning Herald.</i></p> +<p>"A book of remarkable interest and ability.... Mr. Worsaae's +book is in all ways a valuable addition to our literature.... Mr. +Thoms has executed the translation in flowing and idiomatic +English, and has appended many curious and interesting notes and +observations of his own."—<i>Guardian.</i></p> +<p>"The work, which we desire to commend to the attention of our +readers, is signally interesting to the British antiquary. Highly +interesting and important work."—<i>Archæological +Journal.</i></p> +<p>See also the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for February 1850.</p> +<p>Oxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER, and 337. Strand, London.</p> +<hr /> +<p>REV. WILLIAM MASKELL's LIBRARY.</p> +<p>Shortly will be published,</p> +<p>A CATALOGUE OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN THEOLOGY; including some of +the rarest productions of our early English Divines, and embracing +the various controversies between the Puritans and the Churches of +Rome and England, the works of the Nonjurors, the best Liturgical +Commentators, Ecclesiastical Historians, Fathers of the Church, +Schoolmen, Councils, &c, many of them of extreme rarity, and +forming the Library of the Rev. William Maskell, late Vicar of St. +Mary Church, Torquay, together with other recent purchases, now on +Sale by J. LESLIE, 58. Great Queen-street, Lincoln's Inn.</p> +<p>N.B.—Gentlemen desirous of receiving this Catalogue are +respectfully requested to forward their names to the Publisher, +with twelve postage stamps to pre-pay the same.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Now ready, containing 149 Plates, royal 8vo. 28<i>s.</i>; folio, +2<i>l.</i> 5<i>s.</i>; India Paper, 4<i>l.</i> 4<i>s.</i></p> +<p>The MONUMENTAL BRASSES of ENGLAND: a series of Engravings upon +Wood, from every variety of these interesting and valuable +Memorials, accompanied with Descriptive Notices.</p> +<p>By the Rev. C. BOUTELI. M.A. Rector of Downham Market.</p> +<p>Part XII., completing the work, price 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; +folio, 12<i>s.</i>; India paper, 24<i>s.</i></p> +<p>By the same Author, royal 8vo., 15<i>s.</i>; large paper, +21<i>s.</i></p> +<p>MONUMENTAL BRASSES and SLABS: an Historical and Descriptive +Notice of the Incised Monumental Memorials of the Middle Ages. With +upwards of 200 Engravings.</p> +<p>"A handsome large octavo volume, abundantly supplied with +well-engraved woodcuts and lithographic plates; a sort of +Encyclopædia for ready reference.... The whole work has a +look of painstaking completeness highly +commendable."—<i>Athenæum.</i></p> +<p>"One of the most beautifully got up and interesting volumes we +have seen for a long time. It gives, in the compass of one volume, +an account of the history of these beautiful monuments of former +days.... The illustrations are extremely well +chosen."—<i>English Churchman.</i></p> +<p>A few copies only of this work remain for sale; and, as it will +not be reprinted in the same form and at the same price, the +remaining copies are raised in price. Early application for the +Large Paper Edition is necessary.</p> +<p>By the same Author, to be completed in Four Parts,</p> +<p>CHRISTIAN MONUMENTS in ENGLAND and WALES: an Historical and +Descriptive Sketch of the various classes of Monumental Memorials +which have been in use in this country from about the time of the +Norman Conquest. Profusely illustrated with Wood Engravings. Part +I. price 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; Part II. 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>"A well conceived and executed +work."—<i>Ecclesiologist.</i></p> +<hr /> +<p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at +No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City +of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, +in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, +Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, July +13. 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13729 ***</div> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21c5353 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #13729 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/13729) diff --git a/old/13729-8.txt b/old/13729-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e9dc799 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/13729-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2356 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 37. Saturday, July 13, +1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 37. Saturday, July 13, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: October 12, 2004 [EBook #13729] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 37. *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team and The Internet Library of Early Journals, + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 37.] SATURDAY, JULY 13, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {97} + + +CONTENTS + +NOTES:-- + The Author of the "Characteristics" by W.D. Christie. 97 + Caxton's Printing office, by R.F. Rimbault. 99 + Sanatory Laws in other Days. 99 + Folk Lore:--Midsummer Fires. 101 + Minor Notes:--Borrowed Thoughts--An Infant Prodigy + in 1659--Allusion in Peter Martyr--Hogs not + Pigs. 101 + +QUERIES:-- + A Query and Replies, by H. Walter. 102 + Letters of Queen Elizabeth and Philip II. of Spain. 102 + Minor Queries:--The New Temple--"Junius Identified"--Mildew + in Books--George Herbert's Burialplace--The Earl of Essex + and "The Finding of the Rayned Deer"--The Lass of Richmond + Hill--Curfew--Alumni of Oxford, Cambridge, and Winchester--St. + Leger's Life of Archbishop Walsh--Query put to a Pope--The + Carpenter's Maggot--Lord Delamere--Henry and the Nutbrown Maid. 103 + +REPLIES:-- + French Poem by Malherbe, by S.W. Singer. 104 + "Dies Iræ, Dies Illa." 105 + Dr. Samuel Ogden, by J.H. Markland. 105 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Porson's Imposition--The + Three Dukes--Kant's Sämmtliche Werke--Becket's + Mother--"Imprest" and "Debenture"--Derivation + of "News"--Origin of Adur--Meaning of + Steyne--Sarum and Barum--Epigrams on the + Universities--Dulcarnon--Dr. Magian--America + known to the Ancients--Collar of SS.--Martello + Towers--"A Frog he would a-wooing go"--William + of Wykeham--Execution of Charles I.--Swords--The + Low Window--Brasichelli's Expurgatory Index--Discursus + Modestus--Melancthon's Epigram. 106 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, Sales, &c. 111 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 111 + Notices to Correspondents. 111 + Advertisements. 112 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES + +THE AUTHOR OF THE "CHARACTERISTICS." + +Lord Shaftesbury's _Letters to a young Man at the University_, on which +Mr. SINGER has addressed to you an interesting communication (Vol. ii., +p. 33.), were reprinted in 1746 in a collection of his letters, +"_Letters of the Earl of Shaftesbury, author of the Characteristicks, +collected into one volume_: printed MDCCXLVI." 18mo. This volume +contains also Lord Shaftesbury's letters to Lord Molesworth, originally +published by Toland, with an introduction which is not reprinted; a +"Letter sent from Italy, with the notion of the Judgment of Hercules, +&c., to my Lord ----"; and three letters reprinted from Lord +Shaftesbury's life in the _General Dicionary_, which was prepared by Dr. +Kippis, under the superintendence of Lord Shaftesbury's son, the fourth +earl. + +In my copy of the original edition of the _Letters to a young Man at the +University_, two letters have been transcribed by an unknown previous +possessor. One is to Bishop Burnet, recommending young Ainsworth when +about to be ordained deacon:-- + + "To the Bishop of Sarum. + + "Reigate, May 23. 1710. + + "My Lord,--The young man who delivers this to your Lordship, is + one who for several years has been preparing himself for the + ministry, and in order to it has, I think, completed his time at + the university. The occasion of his applying this way was purely + from his own inclination. I took him a child from his poor + parents, out of a numerous and necessitous family, into my own, + employing him in nothing servile; and finding his ingenuity, put + him abroad to the best schools to qualify him for preferment in + a peculiar way. But the serious temper of the lad disposing him, + as I found, to the ministry preferably to other advantages, I + could not be his hindrance; though till very lately I gave him + no prospect of any encouragement through my interest. But having + been at last convinced, by his sober and religious courage, his + studious inclination and meek behaviour, that 'twas real + principle and not a vanity or conceit that led him into these + thoughts, I am resolved, in case your lordship thinks him worthy + of the ministry, to procure him a benefice as soon as anything + happens in my power, and in the mean time design to keep him as + my chaplain in my family. + + "I am, my Lord, &c., + + "SHAFTESBURY." + +The second letter inserted in my copy is to Ainsworth himself, dated +Reigate, 11th May, 1711, and written when he was about to apply for +priest's orders. But the bulk of this letter is printed, with a +different beginning and ending, in the tenth printed letter, under date +July 10th, 1710, and is there made to apply to Ainsworth's having just +received deacon's orders. The beginning, and ending of the letter, as in +MS., are-- + + "I am glad the time is come that you are to receive full orders, + and that you hope it from the hands of our {98} great, worthy, + and excellent Bishop, the Lord of Salisbury. This is one of the + circumstances" [then the letter proceeds exactly as in the + printed Letter X., and the MS. letter concludes:] "God send you + all true Christianity, with that temper, life, and manners which + become it. + + "I am, your hearty friend, + + "SHAFTESBURY." + +I quote the printed beginning of Letter X., on account of the eulogy on +Bishop Burnet:-- + + "I believed, indeed, it was your expecting me every day at ---- + that prevented your writing since you received orders from the + good Bishop, my Lord of Salisbury; who, as he has done more than + any man living for the good and honour of the Church of England + and the Reformed Religion, so he now suffers more than any man + from the tongues and slander of those ungrateful Churchmen, who + may well call themselves by that single term of distinction, + having no claim to that of Christianity or Protestant, since + they have thrown off all the temper of the former and all + concern or interest with the latter. I hope whatever advice the + great and good Bishop gave you, will sink deeply into your + mind." + +Mr. Singer has extracted from the eighth printed letter one or two +sentences on Locke's denial of innate ideas. A discussion of Locke's +views on this subject, or of Lord Shaftesbury's contrary doctrine of a +"moral sense," is not suited to your columns; and I only wish to say +that I think Mr. Singer has not made it sufficiently clear that Lord +Shaftesbury's remarks apply only to the speculative consequences, +according to his own view, of a denial of innate ideas; and that Lord +Shaftesbury, in another passage of the same Letters, renders the +following tribute of praise to the _Essay on the Human Understanding_:-- + + "I am not sorry that I lent you Mr. Locke's _Essay on the Human + Understanding_, which may as well qualify for business and the + world as for the sciences and a University. No one has done more + towards the recalling of philosophy from barbarity into use and + practice of the world, and into the company of the better and + politer sort, who might well be ashamed of it in its other + dress. No one has opened a better or clearer way to reasoning; + and, above all, I wonder to hear him censured so much by any + Church of England men, for advancing reason and bringing the use + of it so much into religion, when it is by this only that we + fight against the enthusiasts and repel the great enemies of our + Church." + +A life of the author of the _Characteristics_ is hardly less a +desideratum than that of his grandfather, the Lord Chancellor, and would +make an interesting work, written in connection with the politics as +well as literature of the reigns of William and Anne; for the third Lord +Shaftesbury, though prevented by ill-health from undertaking office or +regularly attending parliament, took always a lively interest in +politics. An interesting collection of the third earl's letters has been +published by Mr. Foster (_Letters of Locke, Algernon Sidney, and the +Earl of Shaftesbury_), and a few letters from him to Locke are in Lord +King's _Life of Locke_. I subjoin a "note" of a few original letters of +the third Lord Shaftesbury in the British Museum; some of your readers +who frequent the British Museum may perhaps be induced to copy them for +your columns. + +Letters to Des Maizeaux (one interesting, offering him pecuniary +assistance) in _Ags. Cat._ MSS. 4288. + +Letters to Charles Montagu, Earl of Halifax[1], (one introducing +Toland). Add. MSS. 7121. + +Letter to Toland (printed, I think, in one of the _Memoirs of Toland_). +_Ags. Cat._ 4295. 10. + +Letter to T. Stringer in 1625. Ib. 4107. 115. + +In Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_, neither the _Letters to a young Man +at the University_, published in 1716, nor the collection of letters of +1746, are mentioned; and confusion is made between the author of the +_Characteristics_ and his grandfather the Chancellor. Several political +tracts, published during the latter part of Charles II.'s reign, which +have been ascribed to the first Earl of Shaftesbury, but of which, +though they were probably written under his supervision, it is extremely +doubtful that he was the actual author, are lumped together with the +_Characteristics_ as the works of one and the same Earl of Shaftesbury. + +Some years ago a discovery was made in Holland of MSS. of Le Clerc, and +some notice of the MSS., and extracts from them, are to be found in the +following work:-- + + "De Joanne Clerico et Philippo A. Limborch Dissertationes Duæ. + Adhibitis Epistolis aliisque Scriptis ineditis scripsit atque + eruditorum virorum epistolis nunc primum editis auxit Abr. Des + Amorie Van Der Hoeven, &c. Amstelodami: apud Fredericum Muller, + 1843." + +Two letters of Locke are among the MSS. Now it is mentioned by Mr. +Martyn, the biographer of the first Earl of Shaftesbury, in a MS. letter +in the British Museum, that some of this earl's papers were sent by the +family to Le Clerc, and were supposed not to have been returned. I +mention this, as I perceive you have readers and correspondents in +Holland, in the hope that I may possibly learn whether any papers +relating to the first Earl of Shaftesbury have been found among the +lately discovered Le Clerc MSS.; and it is not unlikely that the same +MSS. might contain letters of the third earl, the author of the +_Characteristics_, who was a friend and correspondent of Le Clerc. + +W.D. CHRISTIE. + + [Footnote 1: Two of these--one a letter asking the earl to stand + godfather to his son, and the other a short note, forwarding a + book (Qy. of Toland's)--are printed by Sir Henry Ellis in his + Camden volume, _Letters of Eminent Literary Men_.--ED.] + + * * * * * {99} + +CAXTON'S PRINTING-OFFICE. + +The particular spot where Caxton exercised his business, or the place +where his press was fixed, cannot now, perhaps, be exactly ascertained. +Dr. Dibdin, after a careful examination of existing testimonies, thinks +it most probable that he erected his press in one of the chapels +attached to the aisles of Westminster Abbey; and as no remains of this +interesting place can now be discovered, there is a strong presumption +that it was pulled down in making alterations for the building of Henry +VII.'s splendid chapel. + +It has been frequently asserted that all Caxton's books were printed in +a part of Westminster Abbey; this must be mere conjecture, because we +find no statement of it from himself: he first mentions the place of his +printing in 1477, so that he must have printed some time without +informing us where. + +With all possible respect for the opinions of Dr. Dibdin, and the +numerous writers on our early typography, I have very considerable +doubts as to whether Caxton really printed _within the walls of the +Abbey_ at all. I am aware that he himself says, in some of his +colophons, "Emprinted in th' Abbey of Westmynstre," but query whether +the _precincts_ of the Abbey are not intended? Stow, in his _Annals_ +(edit 1560, p. 686.), says,--"William Caxton of London, mercer, brought +it (printing) into England about the year 1471, and first practised the +same in the _Abbie_ of St. Peter at Westminster;" but in his _Survey of +London_, 1603 (edit. Thoms, p. 176.), the same writer gives us a more +full and particular account; it is as follows:-- + + "Near unto this house [i.e. Henry VII.'s alms-house], westward, + was an old chapel of St. Anne; over against the which, the Lady + Margaret, mother to King Henry VII., erected an alms-house for + poor women, which is now turned into lodgings for the singing + men of the college. The place wherein this chapel and alms-house + standeth was called the Elemosinary, or almonry, now corruptly + the ambry, for that the alms of the Abbey were there distributed + to the poor; and therein Islip, abbot of Westminster, erected + the first press of book-printing that ever was in England, about + the year of Christ 1471. William Caxton, citizen of London, + mercer, brought it into England, and was the first that + practised it _in the said abbey_; after which time the like was + practised in the abbeys of St. Augustine at Canterbury, St. + Albans, and other monasteries." + +Again, in the curious hand-bill preserved in the Bodleian Library, it +will be remembered that Caxton invites his customers to "come to +Westmonester _into the Almonestrye_," where they may purchase his books +"good chepe." + +From these extracts it is pretty clear that Caxton's printing-office was +in the Almonry, which was within the precincts of the Abbey, and not in +the Abbey itself. The "old chapel of St. Anne" was doubtless the place +where the first printing-office was erected in England. Abbot Milling +(not Islip, as stated by Stow) was the generous friend and patron of +Caxton and the art of printing; and it was by permission of this learned +monk that our printer was allowed the use of the building in question. + +The _old_ chapel of St. Anne stood in the New-way, near the back of the +workhouse, at the bottom of the almonry leading to what is now called +Stratton Ground. It was pulled down, I believe, about the middle of the +seventeenth century. The _new_ chapel of St. Anne, erected in 1631, near +the site of the old one, was destroyed about fifty years since. + +Mr. Cunningham, in his _Handbook for London_ (vol. i. p. 17.), says,-- + + "The first printing-press ever seen in England was set up in + this almonry under the patronage of _Esteney_, Abbot of + Westminster, by William Caxton, citizen and mercer (d. 1483)." + +Esteney succeeded Milling in the Abbacy of Westminster, but the latter +did not die before 1492. On p. 520. of his second volume, Mr. Cunninghan +gives the date of Caxton's death correctly, i.e. 1491. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +SANATORY LAWS IN OTHER DAYS. + +In that curious medley commonly designated, after Hearne, _Arnold's +Chronicle_, and which was probably first printed in 1502 or 1503, we +find the following passages. I make "notes" of them, from their peculiar +interest at the moment when sanatory bills, having the same objects, are +occupying the public attention so strongly; especially in respect to the +Smithfield Nuisance and the Clergy Discipline bill. + +1. In a paper entitled "The articles dishired bi y'e comonse of the cety +of London, for reformacyo of thingis to the same, of the Mayer, +Aldirmen, and Comon Counsell, to be enacted," we have the following:-- + + "Also that in anoyding the corupte savours and lothsom innoyaunc + (caused by slaughter of best) w'tin the cyte, wherby moche + people is corupte and infecte, it may plese my Lord Mayr, + Aldirmen, and Comen Counsaile, to put in execucion a certaine + acte of parlement, by whiche it is ordeigned y't no such + slaughter of best shuld be vsed or had within this cite, and + that suche penaltees be leuyed vpo the contrary doers as in the + said acte of parlement ben expressed. + + "Also in anoyding of lyke annoyauce. Plese it my Lord Mair, + Alderme, and Como Councell, to enact that noo manor pulter or + any other persone i this cytee kepe from hinsforth, within his + hous, swans, gies, or dowk, upon a peyn therfore to be + ordeigned."--pp. 83, 84, 3d. ed. + +I believe that one item of "folk-faith" is that "farm-yard odours are +healthy." I have often {100} heard it affirmed at least; and, indeed, +has not the common councilman, whom the _Times_ has happily designated +as the "defender of filth", totally and publicly staked his reputation +on the dogma in its most extravagant shape, within the last few months? +It is clear that nearly four centuries ago, the citizens of London +thought differently; even though "the corupte savours and lothsom +innoyaunc" were infinitely less loathsome than in the present Smithfield +and the City slaughter-houses. + +It would be interesting to know to what act of parliament Arnold's +citizens refer, and whether it has ever been repealed. It is curious to +notice, too, that the danger from infuriated beasts running wild through +the streets is not amongst the evils of the system represented. They go +further, however, and forbid even the _killing_ within the city. + +Moreover, it would really seem that the swan was not then a mere +ornamental bird, either alive or dead, but an ordinary article of +citizen-dinners, it being classed with "gies and dowks" in the business +of the poulterer. At the same time, no mention being made of swine in +any of these ordonnances or petitions, would at first sight seem to show +that the flesh of the hog was in abhorrence with the Catholic citizen, +as much perhaps as with the Jews themselves; at any rate, that it was +not a vendible article of food in those days. When did it become so? +This conclusion would, however, be erroneous; for amongst "the articles +of the good governaûce of the cite of London" shortly following we have +this:-- + + "Also yf ony persone kepe or norrysh hoggis, oxen, kyen, or + mallardis within the ward, in noyoying of ther neyhbours."--p. + 91. + +The proper or appointed place for keeping hoggis was Hoggistone, now +Hoxton; as Houndsditch[2] was for the hounds. + +There is another among these petitions to the Lord Mayor and +corporation, worthy of notice, in connection with sanatory law. + + "Also in avoydîg ye abhomynable savours causid by ye kepîg of ye + kenell in ye mote and ye diches there, and î especiall by sethig + of ye houndes mete wt roten bones, and vnclenly keping of ye + hoûdes, wherof moche people is anoyed, soo yt when the wynde is + in any poyte of the northe, all the fowle stynke is blowen ouer + the citee. Plese it mi Lord Mair, Aldirmen, and Comen Coûcell, + to ordeigne that the sayd kenell be amoued and sett in sô other + côuenient place where as best shall seme them. And also that the + said diches mai be clensed from yere to yere, and so kepte yt + thereof folowe non annoyaunce."--p. 87. + +Of course "Houndsditch" is here meant; but for what purpose were the +hounds kept? And, indeed, what kind of hounds were they, that thus +formed a part of the City establishment? Were they bloodhounds for +tracking criminals, or hounds kept for the special behoof and pleasure +of the "Lord Mair, Aldermen, and Comen Coûsel?" The Houndsditch of that +time bore a strong resemblance to the Fleet ditch of times scarcely +exceeding the memory of many living men. + +I come now to the passages relating to the clergy. + + "Also, where as the curatis of the cyte have used often tyme + herebefore to selle their offring (at mariag), whereby the + pisshês where such sales be made comenly be lettid fro messe or + matyns, and otherwhiles from both, by so moch as the frendis of + the pties maryed vsen to goo abowte vij. or viij. dayes before, + and desiryg men to offryg at such tymes as more conuenyent it + were to be at diunyne seruice. Plese it my Lord Mair, Aldirmê, + and Comê Coûseile, to puide remedy, so that the sayd custume be + fordone and leid aparte."--p. 86. + + "Also, to thentent that the ordre of priesthood be had in dew + reuerence according to the dignite therof, and that none + occasions of incontinence growe bee the famylyarite of seculer + people. Plese it my Lord Mayre, Aldirmen, and Comon Counsyll, to + enacte that no maner persone beyng free of this citee take, + receyue, and kepe from hensforth ony priest in comons, or to + borde by the weke, moneth, or yere, or ony other terme more or + lesse, vpon peine thervpon to be lymytyd, prouided that this + acte extêde not to ony prieste retayned wyth a citezen in + famyliar housolde."--p. 89. + + "Also, plese it my Lord Mayre, Aldyrmen, and Comon Counseylle, + that a communication may be had wyth the curatis of this citee + for oblacions whiche they clayme to haue of citezens agaynst the + tenour of the bulle purchased att their owne instance, and that + it may be determined and an ende taken, whervpon the citezens + shall rest."--p. 89. + + "Also, yf ther be ony priest in seruice within the warde, which + afore tyme hath been sette in the toune in Cornhyll for his + dishoneste, and hath forsworne the cyte, alle suche shulde bee + presentyd."--p. 92. + +Upon these I shall make no remark. They will make different impressions +on different readers; according to the extent of prejudice or liberality +existing in different minds. They show that even during the most +absolute period of ecclesiastical domination, there was one spot in +England where attempts to legislate for the priesthood (though perhaps +feeble enough) were made. The legislative {101} powers of the +corporation were at that time very ample; and the only condition by +which they appear to have been limited was, that they should not +override an act of parliament or a royal proclamation. + +Is there any specific account of the "tonne in Cornhyll" existing? Its +purpose, in connection with the conduit, admits of no doubt; the +forsworn and dishonest priest had been punished with a "good ducking," +and this, no doubt, accompanied with a suitable ceremonial for the +special amusement of the "'prentices."[3] + +I have also marked a few passages relative to the police and the fiscal +laws of those days, and when time permits, will transcribe them for you, +if you deem them worthy of being laid before your readers. + +T.S.D. + + [Footnote 2: Mr. Cunningham, speaking of Houndsditch, merely + quotes the words of Stow. It would appear that Stow's reason for + the name is entirely conjectural; and indeed the same reason + would justify the same name being applied to all the "ditches" + in London in the year 1500, and indeed much later. This passage + of Arnold throws a new light upon the _name_, at least, of that + rivulet; for stagnant its waters could not be, from its + inclination to the horizon. It, however, raises another question + respecting the mode of keeping and feeding hounds in those days; + and likewise, as suggested in the text, the further question, as + to the purpose for which these hounds were thus kept as a part + of the civic establishment.] + + [Footnote 3: This view will no doubt be contested on the + authority of Stow, who describes the tonne as a "prison for + night-walkers," so called from the form in which it was built. + (Cunningham, p. 141., 2nd ed.) Yet, as Mr. Cunningham elsewhere + states (p. xxxix.), "the Tun upon Corn-hill [was] converted into + a conduit" in 1401, it would hardly be called a "prison" a + century later. The probability is, that the especial building + called the tonne never was a prison at all; but that the prison, + from standing near or adjoining the tonne, took its name, the + tonne prison, in conformity with universal usage. It is equally + probable that the tonne was originally built for the purpose to + which it was ultimately applied; and that some delay arose in + its use from the difficulty experienced in the hydraulic part of + the undertaking, which was only overcome in 1401. The + universality of the punishment of "ducking" amongst our + ancestors is at least a circumstance in favour of the view taken + in the text.] + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Midsummer Fires._--From your notice of Mr. Haslam's account of the +Beltein or Midsummer fires in Cornwall, I conclude you will give a place +to the following note. On St. John's eve last past, I happened to pass +the day at a house situate on an elevated tract in the county of +Kilkenny, Ireland; and I shall long remember the beauty of the sight, +when, as dusk closed in, fire after fire shot up its clear flame, +thickly studding the near plains and distant hills. The evening was calm +and still, and the mingled shouts and yells of the representatives of +the old fire-worshippers came with a very singular effect on the ear. +When a boy, I have often _passed through_ the fire myself on Midsummer +eve, and such is still the custom. The higher the flame, the more daring +the act is considered: hence there is a sort of emulation amongst the +unwitting perpetrators of this Pagan rite. In many places cattle are +driven through the fire; and this ceremony is firmly believed to have a +powerful effect in preserving them from various harms. I need not say, +that amongst the peasantry the fires are now lighted in honour of St +John. + +X.Y.A. + +Kilkenny. + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Borrowed Thoughts._--Mr. SINGER (Vol. i., p. 482.) points out the +French original from which Goldsmith borrowed his epigram beginning-- + + "Here lies poor Ned Purdon." + +I find, in looking over Swift's works, a more literal version of this +than Goldsmith's:-- + + "Well then, poor G---- lies under ground, + So there's an end of honest Jack; + So little justice here he found, + 'Tis ten to one he'll ne'er come back." + +I should like to add two Queries:--Who was the Chevallier de Cailly (or +d'Aceilly), the author of the French epigram mentioned by Mr. Singer? +And--when did he live? + +H.C. DE ST. CROIX + + +_An Infant Prodigy in 1659._--The following wonderful story is thus +related by Archbishop Bramhall (Carte's _Letters_, ii. 208.: Dr. +Bramhall to Dr. Earles, Utrecht, Sept. 6-16, 1659):-- + + "A child was born in London about three months since, with a + double tongue, or divided tongue, which the third day after it + was born, cried 'a King, a King,' and bid them bring it to the + King. The mother of the child saieth it told her of all that + happened in England since, and much more which she dare not + utter. This my lady of Inchiguin writeth to her aunt, _Me brow + van Melliswarde_[4], living in this city, who shewed me the + letter. My Lady writeth that she herself was as incredulous as + any person, until she both saw and heard it speak herself very + lately, as distinctly as she herself could do, and so loud that + all the room heard it. That which she heard was this. A + gentleman in the company took the child in his arms and gave it + money, and asked what it would do with it, to which it answered + aloud that it would give it to the King. If my Lady were so + foolish to be deceived, or had not been an eye and ear witness + herself, I might have disputed it; but giving credit to her, I + cannot esteem it less than a miracle. If God be pleased to + bestow a blessing upon us, he cannot want means." + +It can hardly be doubted that the Archbishop's miracle was a +ventriloquist hoax. + +CH. + + [Footnote 4: The name of the Dutch lady, mis-written for De + Vrouw, &c.] + + +_Allusion in Peter Martyr._--Mr. Prescott, in his _History of the +Conquest of Mexico_ vol. i. p. 389. (ed. 8vo. 1843), quotes from Peter +Martyr, _De Orbe Novo_, dec. 1. c. l., the words, "Una illis fuit spes +salutis, desperasse de salute," applied to the Spanish invaders of +Mexico; and he remarks that "it is said with the classic energy of +Tacitus." The {102} expression is classical, but is not derived from +Tacitus. The allusion is to the verse of Virgil:-- + + "Una salus victis nullam sperare salutem." + +_Æn._ ii. 354. + +L. + + +_Hogs not Pigs._--In Cowper's humorous verses, "The yearly Distress, or +Tithing-time at Stoke in Essex," one of the grumblers talks + + "of pigs that he has lost + By maggots at the tail." + +Upon this I have to remark that an intelligent grazier assures me that +pigs are never subject to the evil here complained of, but that lambs of +a year old, otherwise called "hogs" or "hoggets," are often infested by +it. It would appear, therefore, that the poet, misled by the ambiguous +name, and himself knowing nothing of the matter but by report, +attributed to pigs that which happens to the other kind of animal, viz. +lambs a year old, which have not yet been shorn. + +J. MN. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +A QUERY AND REPLIES. + +_Plaister or Paster--Christian Captives--Members for Calais, &c._--In +editing Tyndale's _Pathway_ (_Works_, vol. i. p. 22.), I allowed +preceding editors to induce me to print _pastor_, where the oldest +authority had _paster_. As the following part of the sentence speaks of +"suppling and suaging wounds," I am inclined to suspect that "paster" +might be an old way of spelling, "plaster." Can any of your +correspondents supply me with any instance in which "plaster" or +"plaister" is spelt "paster" by any old English writer? + +In return for troubling you with this question, you may inform Mr. +Sansom, in answer to Query, Vol. ii., p. 41., that Hallam says, "Not +less than fifty gentlemen were sold for slaves at Barbadoes, under +Cromwell's government." (_Constit. Hist._, ch. x. note to p. 128., 4to. +edit.) And though Walker exaggerated matters when he spoke "a project to +sell some of the most eminent masters of colleges, &c., to the Turks for +slaves," Whitelock's _Memorials_ will inform him, under date of Sept. +21, 1648, that the English Parliament directed one of its committees "to +take care for transporting the Scotch prisoners, in the first place to +supply the plantations, and to send the rest to Venice." + +To another, O.P.Q. (Vol. ii., p. 9.), you may state that the members for +Calais in the time of Edw. VI., and in the first four parliaments of +Mary, may be seen in Willis' _Notitia Parliamentaria_, where their names +are placed next to the members for the Cinque Ports. Willis states that +the return for Calais for the last parliament of Henry VIII is lost. +Their names indicate that they were English,--such as Fowler, +Massingberd, &c. + +As to umbrellas, there are Oriental scholars who can inform your +inquirers that the word "satrap" is traceable to words whose purport is, +the bearer of an umbrella. + +Another of your latest Querists may find the epigrams on George II.'s +(not, as he imagines, Charles I.'s) different treatment of the two +English universities in Knox's _Elegent Extracts_. The lines he has +cited are both from the same epigram, and, I think, from the first of +the two. They were occasioned by George. II's purchasing the library of +Dr. Moore, Bishop of Ely, and giving it to the university of Cambridge. + +The admirer of another epigram has not given it exactly as I can +remember it in a little book of emblems more than fifty years ago:-- + + "'Tis an excellent world that we live in, + To lend, to spend, or to give in; + But to borrow or beg, or get a man's own, + 'Tis just the worst world that ever was known." + +H. WALTER. + + * * * * * + +LETTERS OF QUEEN ELIZABETH AND PHILIP II. OF SPAIN. + +Perhaps some of your readers may be able to inform me whether any of the +following letters between Queen Elizabeth and Philip II. of Spain, +extracted from the archives of Simancas, have yet appeared in print:-- + +1. Queen Elizabeth to Philip II., January 9, 1562-3. + +2. Answer, April 2, 1563. + +3. Philip II.'s reply to the English ambassador in the case of Bishop +Cuadra, April, 1563. + +4. Charges made in England against the Bishop of Aquila, Philip's +ambassador, and the answers. + +5. Queen Elizabeth to Philip II., January 18, 1569. + +6. Philip to Elizabeth, May 9, 1569. + +7. Elizabeth to Philip, March 20, 1571. + +8. Answer, June 4, 1571. + +9. Declaration of the Council to the Spanish ambassador Don Gueran de +Espes, Dec. 14, 1571. + +10. The ambassador's answer. + +11. Elizabeth to Philip, Dec. 16, 1571. + +12. Bermandino de Mendoza to Philip II., in cypher, London, January 26, +1584. + +13. Philip to Elizabeth, July, 16, 1568. + +14. Duke of Alva to Philip II., January 14, 1572. + +15. Minutes of a letter from Philip II. to Don Gueran de Espes, February +24, 1572. + +A.M. + + * * * * * {103} + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_The New Temple._--As your correspondent L.B.L. states (Vol. ii., p. +75.) that he has transcribed a MS. survey of the Hospitallers' lands in +England, taken in 1338, he will do me a great kindness if he will +extract so much of it as contains a description of the New Temple in +London, of which they became possessed just before that date. It will +probably state whether it was then in the occupation of themselves or +others: and, even if it does not throw any light on the tradition that +the lawyers were then established there, or explain the division into +the Inner and Middle Temple, it will at least give some idea of the +boundaries, and perhaps determine whether the site of Essex House, +which, in an ancient record is called the Outer Temple, was then +comprehended within them. + +EDWARD FOSS. + + +"_Junius Identified._"--The name of "John Taylor" is affixed to the +Preface, and there can be little doubt, I presume, that Mr. John Taylor +was literally _the writer_ of this work. It has, however, already become +a question of some interest, to what extent he was assisted by Mr. +Dubois. The late Mr. George Woodfall always spoke of the pamphlet as the +work of Dubois. Lord Campbell, in his _Lives of the Chancellors_, +published a statement by Lady Francis in respect to Sir Philip's claim +to the authorship of _Junius' Letters_, and thus introduced it--"I am +indebted for it to the kindness of my old and excellent friend, Mr. +Edward Dubois, _the ingenious author of 'Junius Identified'_" Mr. Dubois +was then, and Mr. Taylor is now living, and both remained silent. Sir +Fortunatus Dwarris, the intimate friend of Dubois, states that he was +"_a connection_ of Sir Philip Francis", and that the pamphlet is "said, +I know not with what truth, to have been prepared under the eye of Sir +Philip Francis, it may be, through the agency of Dubois." Dubois was +certainly connected with, though not, I believe, related to Sir Philip; +and at the time of the publication he was also connected with Mr. +Taylor. I hope, under these circumstances, that Mr. Taylor will think it +right to favour you with a statement of the facts, that future +"Note"-makers may not perplex future editors with endless "Queries" on +the subject. + +R.J. + + +_Mildew in Books._--Can you, or any of your readers, suggest a +preventive for mildew in books? + +In a valuable public library in this town (Liverpool), much injury has +been occasioned by mildew, the operations of which appear very +capricious; in some cases attacking the printed part of an engraving, +leaving the margin unaffected; in others attacking the inside of the +backs _only_; and in a few instances it attacks all parts with the +utmost impartiality. + +Any hints as to cause or remedy will be most acceptable. + +B. + + +_George Herbert's Burial-place._--Can any of your correspondents inform +me where the venerable George Herbert, rector of Bemerton, co. Wilts., +was buried, and whether there is any monument of him existing in any +church? + +J.R. Fox. + + +_The Earl of Essex, and "The Finding of the Rayned Deer."_-- + + "There is a boke printed at Franker in Friseland, in English, + entitled _The Finding of the Rayned Deer_, but it bears title to + be printed in Antwerp, it should say to be done by som prieste + in defence of the late Essex's tumult." + +The above is the postscript to a letter of the celebrated Father Parsons +written "to one Eure, in England", April 30, 1601, a contemporary copy +of which exists in the State Paper Office [Rome,] Whitehall. Can any of +your readers tell me whether anything is known of this book? + +SPES. + +June 28. 1850. + + +_The Lass of Richmond Hill._--I should be much obliged by being informed +who wrote the _words_ of the above song, and when, if it was produced +originally at some place of public entertainment. The Rev. Thomas +Maurice, in his elegant poem on Richmond Hill, has considered it to have +been written upon a Miss Crop, who committed suicide on that spot, April +23rd, 1782; but he was evidently misinformed, as it appeared some few +years later, and had no reference to that event. I have heard it +attributed to Leonard Mac Nally, a writer of some dramatic pieces, but +on no certain grounds; and it may have been a Vauxhall song about the +year 1788. The music was by James Hook, the father of Theodore Hook. + +QUÆRO. + + +_Curfew._--In what towns or villages in England is the old custom of +ringing the curfew still retained? + +NABOC. + + +_Alumni of Oxford, Cambridge, and Winchester._--Are the alumni of the +various colleges of Oxford, Cambridge, and Winchester, published from an +early period, and the various preferments they held, similar to the one +published at Eton. + +J.R. Fox. + + +_St. Leger's Life of Archbishop Walsh._--In Doctor Oliver's _History of +the Jesuits_, it is stated that William St. Leger, an Irish member of +that Society, wrote the _Life of Thomas Walsh, Archbishop of Cashel_, in +Ireland, published in 4to. at Antwerp in 1655. Can any of your numerous +readers inform me if a copy of this work is to be found in the British +Museum, or any other public library, and something of its contents? + +J.W.H. {104} + + +_Query put to a Pope._-- + + "Sancte Pater! scire vellem + Si Papatus mutat pellem?" + +I have been told that these lines were addressed to one of the popes, +whose life, before his elevation to the see of St. Peter, had been +passed in excesses but little suited to the clerical profession. + +They were addressed to him _orally_, by one of his former associates, +who met and stopped him while on his way to or from some high festival +of the Church, and who plucked aside, as he spoke, the gorgeous robes in +which his quondam fellow-reveller was dressed. + +The reply of the pope was prompt, and, like the question, in a rhyming +Latin couplet. I wish, if possible, to discover, the name of the +pope;--the terms of his reply;--the name of the bold man who "_put him +to the question_;"--by what writer the anecdote is recorded, or on what +authority it rests. + +C. FORBES. + +Temple. + + +_The Carpenter's Maggot._--I have in my possession a MS. tune called the +"Carpenter's Maggot," which, until within the last few years, was played +(I know for nearly a century) at the annual dinner of the Livery of the +Carpenters' Company. Can any of your readers inform me where the +original is to be found, and also the origin of the word "Maggot" as +applied to a tune? + +F.T.P. + + +_Lord Delamere._--Can any of your readers give me the words of a song +called "Lord Delamere," beginning: + + "I wonder very much that our sovereign king, + So many large taxes upon this land should bring." + +And inform me to what political event this song, of which I have an +imperfect MS. copy, refers. + +EDWARD PEACOCK, JUN. + + +_Henry and the Nut-brown Maid._--SEARCH would be obliged for any +information as to the authorship of this beautiful ballad. + + [Mr. Wright, in his handsome black-letter reprint, published by + Pickering in 1836, states, that "it is impossible to fix the + date of this ballad," and has not attempted to trace the + authorship. We shall be very glad if SEARCH's Query should + produce information upon either of these points.] + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + +FRENCH POEM BY MALHERBE. + +The two stanzas your correspondent E.R.C.B. has cited (Vol. ii., p. 71.) +are from an elegiac poem by MALHERBE (who died in 1628, at the good old +age of seventy-three), which is entitled _Consolation à Monsieur Du +Perrier sur la Mort de sa Fille_. It has always been a great favorite of +mine; for, like Gray's Elegy and the celebrated _Coplas_ of Jorge +Manrique on the death of his father, beside its philosophic moralising +strain, it has that pathetic character which makes its way at once to +the heart. I will transcribe the first four stanzas for the sake of the +beauty of the fourth:-- + + "Ta douleur, Du Perrier, sera done éternelle, + Et les tristes discours + Que te met en l'esprit l'amitié paternelle + L'augmenteront toujours. + + "Le malheur de ta fille au tombeau descendue, + Par un commun trépas, + Est-ce quelque dédale, où ta raison perdue + Ne se retrouve pas? + + "Je sai de quels appas son enfance estoit pleine; + Et n'ay pas entrepris, + Injurieux ami, de soulager ta peine + Avecque son mépris. + + "Mais elles estoit du monde, où les plus belles choses + Ont le pire destin: + Et Rose elle a vécu ce que vivent les roses, + L'espace d'un matin." + +The whole poem consists of twenty-one stanzas and should be read as a +whole; but there are several other striking passages. The consolation +the poet offers to his friend breathes the spirit of Epictetus:-- + + "De moy, déjà deux fois d'une pareille foudre + Je me suis vu perclus, + Et deux fois la raison m'a si bien fait resoudre, + Qu'il ne m'en souvient plus. + + "Non qu'il ne me soit grief que la terre possède + Ce qui me fut si cher; + Mais en un accident qui n'a point de remède, + II n'en faut point chercher." + +Then follow the two stanzas cited by your correspondent, and the closing +verse is:-- + + "De murmurer contre-elle et perdre patience, + Il est mal-à-propos: + Vouloir ce que Dieu veut, est la seule science + Qui nous met en repos." + +The stanza beginning "Le pauvre en sa cabane," is an admirable imitation +of the "Pallida mors æquo pulsat pede," &c. of Horace, which a +countryman of the poet is said to have less happily rendered "La pâle +mort avec son pied de cheval," &c. + +Malherbe has been duly appreciated in France: his works, in one edition, +are accompanied by an elaborate comment by Menage and Chevreau: Racan +wrote his life, and Godeau, Bishop of Vence, a panegyrical preface. He +was a man of wit, and ready at an impromptu; yet it is said, that in +writing a consolotary poem to the President de Verdun, on the death of +his wife, he was so long {105} in bringing his verses to that degree of +perfection which satisfied his own fastidious taste, that the president +was happily remarried, and the consolation not at all required. + +Bishop Hurd, in a note on the _Epistle to Augustus_, p. 72., says: + + "Malherbe was to the French pretty much what Horace had been to + Latin poetry. These great writers had, each of them, rescued the + lyric muse of their country out of the rude ungracious hands of + their old poets. And, as their talents of a _good ear_, _elegant + judgment_, and _correct expression_, were the same, they + presented her to the public in all the air and grace, and yet + _severity_, of beauty, of which her form was susceptible." + +S.W. SINGER. + +Mickleham, July 2. 1850. + + * * * * * + +"DIES IRÆ, DIES ILLA." + +In reply to the first of Mr. SIMPSON's Queries (Vol. ii., p. 72.) +relative to the magnificent sequence _Dies iræ_, I beg to say that the +author of it is utterly unknown. The following references may be +sufficient:--Card. Bona, _Rer. Liturgic._ lib. ii. cap. vi. p. 336., +Romæ, 1671; or, if possible, Sala's edition, tom. iii. p 143., Aug. +Turin. 1753; Gavantus, tom. i. pp. 274-5., Lugd. 1664; and the +_Additions_ by Merati, i. 117-18., Aug. Vindel, 1740; Zaccaria, +_Biblioth. Ritual._ tom. i. p. 34., Romæ, 1776; Oldoini Addit. ad +Ciaconii _Vit. Pontiff. et Cardd._, tom. ii. col. 222., Romæ, 1677. + +Mr. SIMPSON's second question is, "In what book was it first printed?" +Joannes de Palentia, in his notes upon the _Ordinarium PP. Præd._, +asserts that this celebrated prose was first introduced into the Venice +editions of the Missals printed for the Dominicans. The oldest _Missale +Prædicatorum_ which I possess, or have an opportunity of seeing, is a +copy of the Parisian impression of the year 1519; and herein the _Dies +iræ_ is inserted in the _Commemoratio Defunctorum_; mens. Novemb. sig. +M. 5. + +An inquiry remains as to the date of the general adoption of this +sequence by the Roman Church. In Quetif and Echard (_Scriptt. Ord. +Præd._ i. 437.), under the name of Latinus Malabranca, we read that it +certainly was not in use in the year 1255; and there does not appear to +be the slightest evidence of its admission, even upon private authority, +into the office for the dead anterior to the commencement of the +fifteenth century. + +Your correspondent was not mistaken in his belief that he had met with +an imperfect transcript of this prose, for the original consists not of +"twenty-seven," but of _fifty-seven_ lines. I may add that I do not +remember to have found the text more correctly given than in the +beautiful folio missal of the church of Augsburg, partly printed on +vellum in 1555 (fol. 466. b.). + +R.G. + + +The _Dies Iræ_ is truly said by Mr. SPARROW SIMPSON (Vol. ii., p. 72.) +to be an extremely beautiful hymn. Who was its author is very doubtful, +but the probabilities are in favour of Thomas de Celano, a Minorite +friar, who lived during the second half of the fourteenth century. It +consists of nineteen strophes, each having three lines. Bartholomew of +Pisa, A.D. 1401, in his _Liber Conformitatum_, speaks of it; but the +earliest printed book in which I have ever seen this hymn, is the +_Missale Romanum_, printed at Pavia, A.D. 1491, in 8vo., a copy of which +I have in my possession. + +D. ROCK. + +Buckland, Faringdon. + + * * * * * + +DR. SAMUEL OGDEN. + +In reply to your correspondent TWYFORD (Vol. ii., p. 73.), the original +of the common surname _Ogden_ is doubtless Oakden. A place so called is +situated in Butterworth, Lancashire, and gave name to a +family,--possibly extinct in the sixteenth century. A clergymam, whose +name partook both of the original and its corruption, was vicar of +Bradford, 1556, viz Dus Tho. _Okden_. The arms and crest borne by the +Oakdens were both allusive to the name, certainly without any reference +to King Charles's hiding-place. + +Dr. Samuel Ogden, born in 1716 at Winchester, was the son of Thomas +Ogden, a man of very humble origin: but he had the merit of giving a +liberal education to one whose natural talents well deserved culture; +and both his parents, in the decline of life, owed their support to +Ogden's filial piety and affection. Cole is quite mistaken in fixing the +father's residence at Mansfield, and in stating that he had been in the +army. The monument, spoken of by Cole, is not at Mansfield, but in the +cathedral of Manchester: nor is it a memorial of Dr. Ogden. It was +placed by him in memory of his _father_. Ogden was buried in his own +church, St. Sephlchre's, Cambridge. + +The following epigram, it is believed, has not been printed. It is +transcribed from a letter in my possession, addressed by the first Lord +Alvanley, when at college, to his former tutor, Mr. Thyer, editor of +_Butler's Remains_:-- + + "When Ogden his prosaic verse + In Latin numbers drest, + The Roman language prov'd too weak + To stand the Critic's test. + + "To English Rhyme he next essay'd, + To show he'd some pretence; + But ah! Rhyme only would not do-- + They still expected Sense. + + "Enrag'd, the Doctor said he'd place + In Critics no reliance, + So wrapt his thoughts in Arabic, + And bad them all defiance." + +J.H. MARKLAND. + + * * * * * {106} + +_Ogden Family_ (Vol. ii., p. 73.).--Perhaps the representatives of the +late Thomas Ogden, Esq., and who was a private banker at Salisbury +previous to 1810 (presuming he was a member of the family mentioned by +your correspondent TWYFORD), might be able to furnish him with the +information he seeks. + +J.R. FOX. + + * * * * * + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Porson's Imposition_ (Vol. i., p. 71.) is indeed, I believe, an +_imposition_. The last line quoted (and I suppose all the rest) can +hardly be Porson's, for Mr. Langton amused Johnson, Boswell, and a +dinner party at General Oglethorpe's, on the 14th of April, 1778, with +some macaronic Greek "by _Joshua Barnes_, in which are to be found such +comical Anglo-hellenisms as [Greek: klubboisin ebagchthae] they were +banged with clubs." Boswell's _Johnson_, last ed. p. 591. + +C. + + +_The Three Dukes_ (Vol. ii., pp. 9, 46, 91.).--Andrew Marvel thus makes +mention of the outrage on the beadle in his letter to the Mayor of Hull, +Feb. 28, 1671 (_Works_, i. 195.):-- + + "On Saturday night last, or rather Sunday morning, at two + o'clock, some persons reported to be of great quality, together + with other gentlemen, set upon the watch and killed a poor + beadle, praying for his life upon his knees, with many wounds; + warrants are out for apprehending some of them, but they are + fled." + +I am not aware of any contemporary authority for the names of the three +dukes; and a difficulty in the way of assigning them by conjecture is, +that in the poem they are called "three bastard dukes." Your +correspondent C. has rightly said (p. 46.) that none of Charles II.'s +bastard sons besides Monmouth would have been old enough in 1671 to be +actors in such a fray. Sir Walter Scott, in his notes on _Absalom and +Achitophel_, referring to the poem, gives the assault to Monmouth and +some of his brothers; but he did so, probably, without considering +dates, and on the strength of the words "three bastard dukes." + +Mr. Lister, in the passage in his _Life of Clarendon_ referred to by Mr. +Cooper (p. 91.), gives no authority for his mention of Albemarle. I +should like to know if Mr. Wade has any other authority than Mr. Lister +for this statement in his useful compilation. + +Were it certain that three dukes were engaged in this fray, and were we +not restricted to "bastards," I should say that Monmouth, Albemarle, and +Richmond (who married the beautiful Miss Stuart, and killed himself by +drinking) would probably be the three culprits. As regards Albemarle, he +might perhaps have been called bastard without immoderate use of +libeller's licence. + +If three dukes did murder the beadle, it is strange that their names +have not been gibbeted in many of the diaries and letters which we have +of that period. And this is the more strange, as this assault took place +just after the attack on Sir John Coventry, which Monmouth instigated, +and which had created so much excitement. + +The question is not in itself of much importance; but I can suggest a +mode in which it may possibly be settled. Let the royal pardons of 1671 +be searched in the Rolls' Chapel, Chancery Lane. If the malefactors were +pardoned by name, the three dukes may there turn up. Or if any of your +readers is able to look through the Domestic Papers for February and +March, 1671, in the State Paper Office, he would be likely to find there +come information upon the subject. + +Query. Is the doggerel poem in the _State Poems_ Marvel's? Several poems +which are ascribed to him are as bad in versification, and, I need not +say, in coarseness. + +Query 2. Is there any other authority for Queen Catharine's fondness for +dancing than the following lines of the poem? + + "See what mishaps dare e'en invade Whitehall, + This silly fellow's death puts off the ball, + And disappoints the Queen's foot, little Chuck; + I warrant 'twould have danced it like a duck." + +CH. + + +_Kant's Sämmtliche Werke._--Under the head of "Books and Odd Volumes" +(Vol. ii., p. 59.), there is a Query respecting the XIth part of Kant's +_Sämmtliche Werke_, to which I beg to reply that it was published at +Leipzig, in two portions, in 1842. It consists of Kant's Letters, +Posthumous Fragments, and Biography. The work was completed by a 12th +vol., containing a history of the Kantian Philosophy, by Carl +Rosenkranz, one of the editors of this edition of Kant. + +J.M. + + +_Becket's Mother_ (Vol. i., pp. 415. 490.; vol. ii., p. 78.).--Although +the absence of any contemporaneous relation of this lady's romantic +history may raise a reasonable doubt of its authenticity, it seems to +derive indirect confirmation from the fact, that the hospital founded by +Becket's sister shortly after his death, on the spot where he was born, +part of which is now the Mercers' chapel in Cheapside, was called "The +Hospital of St. Thomas the Martyr _of Acon_." Erasmus, also, in his +_Pilgrimages to Walsingham and Canterbury_ (see J.G. Nichol's excellent +translation and notes, pp. 47. 120.), says that the archbishop was +called "Thomas _Acrensis_." + +Edward Foss. + + +_"Imprest" and "Debenture."_--Perhaps the following may be of some use +to D.V.S. (Vol. ii., p. 40.) in his search for the verbal raw material +out of which these words were manufactured. + +Their origin may, I think, be found in the Latin terms used in the +ancient accounts of persons {107} officially employed by the crown to +express transactions somewhat similar to those for which they appear to +be now used. Persons conversant with those records must frequently have +met with cases where money advanced, paid on account, or as earnest, was +described as "de prestito" or "in prestitis." Ducange gives "præstare" +and its derivatives as meaning "mutuo dare" with but little variation; +but I think that too limited a sense. The practice of describing a +document itself by the use of the material or operative parts expressing +or defining the transaction for which it was employed, is very common. +In legal and documentary proceedings, it is indeed the only one that is +followed. Let D.V.S. run over and compare any of the well-known +descriptions of writs, as _habeas corpus_, _mandamus_, _fi. fa._: or +look into Cowell's _Interpreter_, or a law dictionary, and he will see +numerous cases where terms now known as the names of certain documents +are merely the operative parts of Latin _formulæ_. "Imprest" seems to be +a slightly corrupted translation of "in prestito;" that part of the +instrument being thus made to give its name to the whole. Of "debenture" +I think there is little doubt that it may be similarly explained. Those +Record Offices which possess the ancient accounts and vouchers of +officers of the royal household contain numerous "debentures" of the +thirteenth, but far more of the fourteenth, century. In this case the +_initial_ is the chief operative word: those relating to the royal +wardrobe, commencing "Debentur in garderoba domini regis," being in fact +merely memorandums expressing or acknowledging that certain sums of +money "are owing" for articles supplied for the use of that department. +It is well known that the royal exchequer was, at the time these +documents were executed, often in great straits; and it seems to me +scarcely doubtful that these early "debentures" were actually delivered +over to tradesmen, &c., as security for the amount due to them, and +given in to be cancelled when the debts were discharged by the Exchequer +officers. + +There is a remarkable feature about these ancient "debentures" which I +may perhaps be permitted to notice here, viz., the very beautiful seals +of the officers of the royal household and wardrobe which are impressed +upon them. They are of the somewhat rare description known as +"appliqué;" and at a time when personal seals were at the highest state +of artistic developement, those few seals of the clerks of the household +which have escaped injury (to which they are particularly exposed) are +unrivalled for their clearness of outline, design, delicacy, and beauty +of execution. + +Allowing for the changes produced by time, I think sufficient analogy +may be found between the ancient and modern uses of the words "imprest" +and "debenture." + +J. BT. + + +"_Imprest_" (Vol. ii., p. 40).--D.V.S. will find an illustration of the +early application of this word to advances made by the Treasury in the +"Rotulus de _Prestito_" of 12 John, printed by the Record Commission +under the careful editorship of Mr. T. Duffus Hardy, whose preface +contains a clear definition of its object, and an account of other +existing rolls of the same character. + +EDWARD FOSS. + + +_Derivation of News._--P.C.S.S. has read with great interest the various +observations on the derivation of the word "News" which have appeared in +the "NOTES AND QUERIES," and especially those of the learned and +ingenious Mr. Hickson. He ventures, however, with all respect, to differ +from the opinion expressed by that gentleman in Vol. i., p. 81., to the +effect that-- + + "In English, there is no process known by which a noun plural + can be formed from an adjective, without the previous formation + of the singular in the same sense." + +P.C.S.S. would take the liberty of reminding Mr. H. of the following +passage in the _Tempest_:-- + + "When that is gone, + He shall drink nought but brine, for I'll not show him + Where the quick freshes lie." + +Surely, in this instance, the plural noun "freshes" is not formed from +any such singular noun as "_fresh_," but directly from the adjective, +which latter does not seem to have been ever used as a singular _noun_. + +While on the subject of "News," P.C.S.S. finds in Pepys' _Diary_ (vol. +iii. p. 59.) another application of the word, in the sense of a noun +singular, which he does not remember to have seen noticed by others. + + "Anon, the coach comes--in the meantime, there coming a _news_ + thither, with his horse to come over." + +In other parts of the _Diary_, the word _News-book_ is occasionally +employed to signify what is now termed a newspaper, or, more properly, a +bulletin. For instance (vol. iii. p. 29.), we find that-- + + "This _News-book_, upon Mr. Moore's showing L'Estrange Captain + Ferrers's letter, did do my Lord Sandwich great right as to the + late victory." + +And again (at p. 51.): + + "I met this noon with Dr. Barnett, who told me, and I find in + the _News-book_ this week, that he posted upon the 'Change,'" + &c. &c. + +Much has been lately written in the "NOTES AND QUERIES" respecting the +"Family of Love." A sect of a similar name existed here in 1641, and a +full and not very decent description of their rites and orgies is to be +found in a small pamphlet of that date, reprinted in the fourth volume +(8vo. ed.) of the _Harleian Miscellany_. + +P.C.S.S. {108} + + +_Origin of Adur_ (Vol. ii., p. 71.).--A, derived from the same root as +Aqua and the French _Eau_, is a frequent component of the names of +rivers: "A-dur, A-run, A-von, A-mon," the adjunct being supposed to +express the individual characteristic of the stream. _A-dur_ would then +mean the _river of oaks_, which its course from Horsham Forest through +the Weald of Sussex, of which "oak is the weed," would sufficiently +justify. It is called in ancient geography _Adurnus_, and is probably +from the same root as the French _Adour_. + +C. + + +The river Adur, which passes by Shoreham, is the same name as the Adour, +a great river in the Western Pyrenees. + +This coincidence seems to show that it is neither a Basque word, nor a +Saxon. Whether it is a mere expansion of _ydwr_, the water, in Welch, I +cannot pretend to say, but probably it includes it. + +We have the Douro in Spain; and the Doire, or Doria, in Piedmont. +Pompadour is clearly derived from the above French river, or some other +of the same name. + +C.B. + + +_Meaning of Steyne_ (Vol. ii., P. 71.).--Steyne is no doubt _stone_, and +may have reference to the original name of Brighthelm-_stone_: but what +the _stone_ or "steyne" was, I do not conjecture; but it lay or stood +probably on that little flat valley now called the "Steyne." It is said +that, so late as the time of Elizabeth, the town was encompassed by a +high and strong _stone wall_; but that could have no influence on the +name, which, whether derived from Bishop _Brighthelm_ or not, is +assuredly of Saxon times. There is a small town not far distant called +_Steyning, i.e._ the meadow of the stone. In my early days, the name was +invariably pronounced Brighthamstone. + +C. + + +_Sarum and Barum_ (Vol. ii., p. 21.).--As a conjecture, I would suggest +the derivation of _Sarum_ may have been this. Salisbury was as +frequently written Sarisbury. The contracted form of this was Sap., the +ordinary import of which is the termination of the Latin genitive plural +_rum_. Thus an imperfectly educated clerk would be apt to read _Sarum_ +instead of Sarisburia; and the error would pass current, until one +reading was accepted for right as much as the other. In other instances +we adopt the Law Latin or Law French of mediæval times; as the county of +_Oxon_ for Oxfordshire, _Salop_ for Shropshire, &c., and _Durham_ is +generally supposed to be French (_Duresmm_), substituted for the +Anglo-Saxon Dunholm, in Latin _Dunelmum_. I shall perhaps be adding a +circumstance of which few readers will be aware, in remarking that the +Bishops of Durham, down to the present day, take alternately the Latin +and French signatures, _Duresm_ and _Dunelm_. + +J.G.N. + + +"_Epigrams on the Universities_" (Vol. ii., p. 88.).--The following +extract frown Hartshorne's _Book-rarities in the University of +Cambridge_ will fully answer the Query of your Norwich correspondent. + +After mentioning, the donation to that University, by George I., of the +valuable library of Dr. Moore, Bishop of Ely, which his Majesty had +purchased for 6,000 guineas, the author adds,-- + + "When George I. sent these books to the University, he sent at + the time a troop of horse to Oxford, which gave occasion to the + following well-known epigram from Dr. Trapp, smart in its way, + but not so clever as the answer from Sir William Browne:-- + + "The King, observing, with judicious eyes, + The state of both his Universities, + To one he sent a regiment; for why? + That learned body wanted loyalty: + To th' other he sent books, as well discerning + How much that loyal body wanted learning." + + _The Answer._ + + "The King to Oxford sent his troop of horse, + For Tories hold no argument but force: + With equal care to Cambridge books he sent, + For Whigs allow no force but argument. + +"The books were received Nov. 19, 20, &c., 1715." + +G.A.S. + + [J.J. DREDGE, V. (Belgravia), and many other correspondents, + have also kindly replied to this Query.] + + +_Dulcarnon_ (Vol. i., p. 254.)--_Urry_ says nothing, but quotes +_Speght_, and _Skene_, and _Selden_. + +"_Dulcarnon_," says Speght, "is a proposition in _Euclid_ (lib. i. +theor. 33. prop. 47.), which was found out by Pythagoras after a whole +years' study, and much beating of his brain; in thankfulness whereof he +sacrificed an ox to the gods, which sacrifice he called Dulcarnon." + +_Neckam_ derived it from _Dulia quasi sacrificium_ and _carnis_. + +_Skene_ justly observes that the triumph itself cannot be the point; but +the word might get associated with the problem, either considered before +its solution, puzzling to _Pythagoras_, or the demonstration, still +difficult to us,--a Pons Asinorum, like the 5th proposition. + +Mr. _Selden_, in his preface to _Drayton's Polyolbion_, says,-- + + "I cannot but digresse to admonition of abuse which this learned + allusion, in his _Troilus_, by ignorance hath indured. + + "'I am till God mee better mind send, + At _Dulcarnon_, right at my wit's end.' + + It's not _Neckam_, or any else, that can make mee entertaine the + least thought of the signification of _Dulcarnon_ to be + _Pythagorus_ his sacrifice after his geometricall theorem in + finding the square of an orthogonall triangle's sides, or that + it is a word of _Latine_ deduction: but, indeed, by easier + pronunciation it was made of D'hulkarnyan[5], i.e. _two-horned_ + which the _Mahometan Arabians_ {109} vie for a root in + calculation, meaning _Alexander_, as that great dictator of + knowledge, _Joseph Scaliger_ (with some ancients) wills, but, by + warranted opinion of my learned friend Mr. _Lydyat_, in his + _Emendatio Temporum_, it began in _Seleucus Nicanor_, XII yeares + after _Alexander's_ death. The name was applyed, either because + after time that _Alexander_ had persuaded himself to be _Jupiter + Hammon's_ sonne, whose statue was with _Ram's_ hornes, both his + owne and his successors' coins were stampt with horned images: + or else in respect of his II pillars erected in the East as a + _Nihil ultra_[6] of his conquest, and some say because hee had + in power the Easterne and Westerne World, signified in the two + hornes. But howsoever, it well fits the passage, either, as if + hee had personated _Creseide_ at the entrance of two wayes, not + knowing which to take; in like sense as that of _Prodicus_ his + _Hercules_, _Pythagoras_ his _Y._, or the Logicians _Dilemma_ + expresse; or else, which is the truth of his conceit, that hee + was at a _nonplus_, as the interpretation in his next staffe + makes plaine. How many of noble _Chaucer's_ readers never so + much as suspect this his short essay of knowledge, transcending + the common Rode? And by his treatise of the _Astrolabe_ (which, + I dare sweare, was chiefly learned out of _Messahalah_) it is + plaine hee was much acquainted with the mathematiques, and + amongst their authors had it." + +_D'Herbelot_ says: + + "_Dhoul_ (or _Dhu_) _carnun_, _with the two horns_, is the + surname of _Alexander_, that is, of an ancient and fabulous + Alexander of the first dynasty of the Persians. 795. Article + Sedd, Tagioug and Magioug. 993. Article Khedher. 395. b. 335. b. + Fael. + + "But 317. Escander, he says, Alexander the Great has the same + title secondarily. The truth probably is the reverse, that the + fabulous personage was taken from the real conqueror. + + "_Hofmann_, in Seleucus, says that the area of Seleucus is + called Terik Dhylkarnain, i.e. Epocha Alexandri Cornigen. Tarik + means probably the date of an event." + +There can be no doubt that the word in Chaucer is this Arabic word; nor, +I think, that Speght's story is really taught by the Arabs, our teachers +in mathematics. Whether the application is from Alexander, (they would +know nothing of his date with regard to Pythagoras), or merely from +two-horned, is doubtful. The latter might possibly mean the ox. + +Mr. Halliwell gives a quotation from Stanyhurst, in which it means "dull +persons"--an obvious misuse of it for Englishmen, and which Skene +fortifies by an A.-S. derivation, but which is clearly not Cressida's +meaning, or she would have said, "I _am_ Dulcarnon," not "I _am at_ +Dulcarnon;" and so Mrs. Roper. + +It may seem difficult what Pandarus can mean: + + "Dulcarnon clepid is fleming of wretches, + It semith hard, for wretchis wol nought lere + For very slouthe, or othir wilfull tetches, + This said is by them that ben't worth two fetches, + But ye ben wise." + +Whether he means that wretches call it _fleming_ or not, his argument +is, "You are not a wretch." Speght's derivation seems to mean, "Quod +stultos vertit." _Fleamas_, A.-S. (Lye), is _fuga_, _fugacio_, from +_flean_, to flee. Pandarus, I think, does not mean to give the +derivation of the word, but its application of fools, a stumbling-block, +or puzzle. + +C.B. + + [Footnote 5: Speght gives it in English letters, but Selden in + Arabic.] + + [Footnote 6: Christman, _Comment. in Alfragan_, cap. ii. + _Lysimachi_ Cornuum apud Cael. Rhodigin. _Antiq. lect._ 10. cap. + xii., hic genuina interpretatio.] + + +_Dr. Maginn._--The best account of this most talented but unfortunate +man, is given in the _Dublin University Mag._, vol. xxiii. p. 72. A +reprint of this article, with such additional particulars of his +numerous and dispersed productions as might be supplied, would form a +most acceptable volume. + +F.R.A. + + +_America known to the Ancients._--To the list of authorities on this +subject given in Vol. i., p. 342., I have the pleasure to add Father +Laffiteau; Bossu[7], in his _Travels through Louisiana_; and though +last, not least, Acosta, who in his _Naturall and Morall Historie of the +East and West Indies_, translated by E.G. [Grimestone], 1604, 4to., +devotes eighty-one pages to a review of the opinions of the ancients on +the new world. + +The similarity which has been observed to exist between the manners of +several American nations, and those of some of the oldest nations on our +continent, which seems to demonstrate that this country was not unknown +in ancient times, has been traced by Nicholls, in the first part of his +_Conference with a Theist_, in several particulars, viz. burning of the +victim in sacrifices, numbering by tens, fighting with bows and arrows, +their arts of spinning, weaving, &c. The arguments, multitudinous as +they are, adduced by Adair for his hypothesis that the American Indians +are descended from the Jews, serve to prove that the known or old world +furnished the new one with men. To these may be added the coincidences +noticed in "NOTES AND QUERIES;" burning the dead (Vol. i., p. 308.); the +art of manufacturing glass (p. 341.); scalping (Vol. ii., p. 78.). Your +correspondents will doubtless be able to point out other instances. +Besides drinking out of the skulls of their enemies, recorded of the +Scythians by Herodotus; and of the savages of Louisiana by Bossu; I beg +to mention a remarkable one furnished by Catlin--the sufferings endured +by the youths among the Mandans, when admitted into the rank of +warriors, {110} reminding us of the probationary exercises which the +priests of Mithras forced the candidates for initiation to undergo. + +T.J. + + [Footnote 7: Forster, the translator of this work, annihilates + the argument for the settlement of the Welsh derived from the + word "penguin" signifying "white head," by the fact of the bird + in question having a _black_, not a _white_ head!] + + +_Collar of SS._ (Vol. ii., p. 89.).--B. will find a great deal about +these collars in some interesting papers in the Gentleman's Magazine for +1842, vols. xvii. and xviii., conmunicated by Mr. J.G. Nicholls; and in +the Second Series of the Retrospective Review, vol. i. p. 302., and vol. +ii. pp. 156. 514. 518. Allow me to add a Query: Who are the persons now +privileged to wear these collars? and under what circumstances, and at +what dates, was such privilege reduced to its present limitation? + +[Greek: Phi.] + + +_Martello Towers_ (Vol. ii., p. 9.).--A misspelling for _Mortella_ +towers. They are named after a tower which commands the entrance to the +harbour of St. Fiorenzo, in Corsica; but they are common along the +coasts of the Mediterranean. They were built along the low parts of the +Sussex and Kent coasts, in consequence of the powerful defence made by +Ensign Le Tellier at the Tower of Mortella, with a garrison of 38 men +only, on 8th February, 1794, against an attack by sea, made by the +_Fortitude_ and _Juno_, part of Lord Hood's fleet, and by land, made by +a detachment of troops under Major-General Dundas. The two ships kept up +a fire for two hours and a half without making any material impression, +and then hauled out of gun-shot, the _Fortitude_ having lost 6 men +killed and 56 wounded, 8 dangerously. The troops were disembarked, and +took possession of a height comnanding the tower; and their battering +was as unsuccessful, till a hot shot fell and set fire to the bass-junk, +with which, to the depth of five feet, the immensely thick parapet wall +was lined. This induced the small garrison, of whom two were mortally +wounded, to surrender. The tower mounted only one 6 and two 18-pounders, +and the carriage of one of the latter had been rendered unserviceable +during the cannonade. (See James' _Naval History_, vol. i. p. 285.) The +towers along the English coast extend from Hythe to Seaford, where the +last tower is numbered 74, at intervals of about a quarter of a mile, +except where the coast is protected by the cliffs. The tower at Seaford +is 32 feet high, with a circumference of 136 feet at the base, and +gradually tapering to 90 feet at the top. The wall is 6 feet thick at +the top next the sea, and 2 feet on the land side. The cost of each +tower was very large,--from 15,000l. to 20,000l. I am not aware of any +blue book on the subject; blue books were not so much in vogue at the +time of their erection, or perhaps a little less would have been spent +in these erections, and a little more pains would have been taken to see +that they were properly built. Some have been undermined by the sea and +washed down already; in others, the facing of brick has crumbled away; +and in all the fancied security which the original tower taught us to +expect would be probably lessened were the English towers subjected to +an attack. + +WM. DURRANT COOPER. + + +"_A Frog he would a-wooing go_" (Vol. ii., p. 75.).--I know not whether +this foolish ballad is worth the notice it has already received, but I +can venture to say that the supposed Irish version is but a modern +variance from the old ballad which I remember above sixty years, and +which began-- + + "There was a frog lived in a well, + Heigho crowdie! + And a merry mouse in a mill, + With a howdie crowdie, &c. &c. + This frog he would a-wooing go, + Heigho crowdie! + Whether his mother would let him or no, + With a howdie crowdie," &c. + +Of the rest of the ballad I only remember enough to be able to say that +it had little or no resemblance to the version in your last Number. + +C. + + +_William of Wykeham_ (Vol. ii., p. 89.).--1. I believe that there is no +better life of this prelate than that by Bishop Lowth. + +2. The public records published since he wrote give several further +particulars of Wykeham's early career, but a proper notice of them would +be too extended for your columns. + +3. When W.H.C. recollects that New College, Oxford, the first of the +works he names, was not commenced till 1380, and that Wykeham had then +enjoyed the revenues of his rich bishopric for nearly fourteen years, +and had previously been in possession of many valuable preferments, both +lay and ecclesiastical, for fourteen years more, he will find his third +question sufficiently answered, and cease to wonder at the accumulation +of that wealth which was applied with wise and munificent liberality to +such noble and useful objects. + +I am not able to answer W.H.C.'s 4th and 5th questions. + +[Greek: Phi.] + + +_Execution of Charles I._ (Vol. ii., p. 72.).--The late Mr. Rodd had +collected several interesting papers on this subject; and from his +well-known acquaintance with all matters relating to English history, +they are no doubt valuable. Of course they exist. He offered them to the +writer of this note, on condition that he would prosecute the inquiry. +Other engagements prevented his availng himself of this liberal offer. + +J.M. + +Woburn Abbey. + + +_Swords_ (Vol. i., p. 415.).--Swords "ceased to be worn as an article of +dress" through the influence of Beau Nash, and were consequently first +out of fashion in Bath. "We wear no swords here," says Sir Lucius +O'Trigger. + +WEDSECUARF. {111} + + +_The Low Window_ (Vol. ii., p. 55.).--In Bibury Church, Gloucestershire, +are several windows of unusual character; and in the chancel is a +narrow, low window, called to this day "the Lepers' window," through +which, it is concluded, the lepers who knelt outside the building +witnessed the elevation of the host at the altar, as well as other +functions discharged by the priest during the celebration of mass. + +ROBERT SNOW. + + +_Brasichelli's Expurgatory Index_ (Vol. ii., p. 37.).--Although unable +to reply to MR. SANSOM's Query, by pointing out any public library in +which he can find the Ratisbon reprint of Brasichelli's _Expurgatory +Index_, I beg to state that I possess it, the Bergomi reprint, and also +the original, and that MR. SANSOM is perfectly welcome to a sight of +either. + +C.J. STEWART + +11. King William Street, West Strand. + + +_Discursus Modestus_ (Vol. i., pp. 142, 205.)--Crakanthorp, in his +_Defens. Eccl. Angl._, cap. vi. p. 27. (A.C.L. edition), refers to +_Discur. Compen. de Jesuit. Angl._, p. 15., and quotes from it the +words, "Omnia pro tempore, nihil pro veritate." Is this _Discur. +Compen._ the _Discurs. Modest._? and are these words to be found in +Watson's _Quodlibets_? This would fix the identity of the two books. It +is curious that the only two references made by Bishop Andrews to the +_Discurs. Modest._ (_Respons. ad Apol._, pp. 7. and 117.) are to page +13., and both the statements are found in page 81. of Watson. +Crakanthorp, however (p. 532.), quotes both the works,--_Discurs. +Modestus de Jesuit. Anglic._, and Watson. + +From the many different Latin titles given to this book, it seems +certain that it was originally written in English, and that the title +was Latinized according to each person's fancy. There is no copy in the +Lambeth library. + +J.B. + + +_Melancthon's Epigram._--Melancthon, in the epigram translated by RUFUS +(Vol. i., p. 422.), seems to have borrowed the idea, or, to use the more +expressive term of your "Schoolboy", to leave cabbaged from Martial's +epigram, terminating thus:-- + + "Non possunt nostros multæ Faustine lituræ, + Emendare jocos: una litura potest." + +_Martial_, Book iv. 10. + +NABOC. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, &C. + +Mr. Bohn has just published the second volume of his very useful and +complete edition of _Junius' Letters_. It contains, in addition to a new +essay on their authorship, entitled _The History and Discovery of +Junius_, by the editor, Mr. Wade, the Private Letters of Junius +addressed to Woodfall; the Letters of Junius to Wilkes; and the +Miscellaneous Letters which have been attributed to the same powerful +pen. Mr. Wade is satisfied that Sir Philip Francis was Junius; a theory +of which it is said, "Se non e vero e ben trovato:" and, if he does not +go the length of Sir F. Dwarris in regarding Sir P. Francis, not as the +solitary champion, but the most active of the sturdy band of politicians +whose views he advocated, he shows that he was known to and assisted by +many influential members of his own political party. Some of the most +curious points in the Junius history are illustrated by notes by Mr. +Bohn himself, who, we have no doubt will find his edition of Junius +among the most successful volumes of his Standard Library. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--W.S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham +House, Westminster Road) Fifty-eighth Catalogue of Cheap Books in +various Departments of Literature; W. Straker's (3. Adelaide Street, +West Strand) Catalogue No. 4. 1850, Theological Literature, Ancient and +Modern; J.G. Bell's (10. Bedford Street, Covent Garden) Catalogue of +Interesting and Valuable Autograph Letters and other Documents; John +Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. 8. for 1850, of Books Old +and New. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +(_In continuation of Lists in former Nos._) + +PULLEYNE'S ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM. + +BARNABY GOOGE'S POPISH KINGDOM. + +Odd Volumes + +MILMAN'S EDITION OF GIBBON'S DECLINE AND FALL. Ed. 1838. Vols. 9, 10, +11, 12. + +DUKE OF BEDFORD'S CORRESPONDENCE. Vols. 2 and 3. + +ARNOLD'S HISTORY OF ROME. Vol. 3. + +LE CLERC'S BIBLIOTHEQUE CHOISIE. Vol. 6. + +AVELLANADA'S CONTINUATION OF DON QUIXOTE, translated by Barker, 12mo. +1760. Vol. 2. + +TOUR THROUGH GREAT BRITAIN, 12mo. 1742. Vols. 1 and 2. + +TRISTRAM SHANDY. Vols. 7, 8, 9, and 10. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_ to be +sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher Of "NOTES AND QUERIES", 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Notices to Correspondents. + +P.M. _is referred to our_ 27th No., p. 445., _where he will learn that +the supposed French original of "Not a Drum was heard" was a clever hoax +from the ready pen of Father Prout. The date when_ P.M. _read the poem, +and not the_ date it bore, _is a point necessary to be established to +prove its existence "anterior to the supposed author of that beautiful +poem"._ + +_Will the Correspondent who wished for Vol. 8. of Rushworth, furnish his +name and address, as a copy has been reported._ + +VOLUME THE FIRST OR NOTES AND QUERIES, _with Title-page and very copious +Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by +order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen._ + +Errata. In No. 34., p. 63., in reply to Delta, for "MRRIS," read +"MARRIS"; and for "MRIE" read "MARIE." No. 36., P. 83., l. 40., for +"prohibens" read "prohiben_te_". + + * * * * * {112} + +MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS + +FOR JULY. Gratis as usual. Contains works on Archæology, Antiquities, +Botany, Coins, Chess, Freemasonry, Geology and Mineralogy, Heraldry, +Irish Topography, Old Plays, Phrenology, Theatres, and Dramatic History, +Wales, its History, &c., with an extensive assortment of Books in other +departments of Literature, equally scarce, curious, and interesting. + +JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos Street. + + * * * * * + +Second Edition, cloth 1s. + +EASTERN CHURCHES. By the author of "Proposals for Christian Union." +"This is a very careful compilation of the latest information of the +faith and condition of the various churches of Christ scattered through +the East."--_Britannia._ "The book is cheap, but it contains a good deal +of matter, and appears a labour of duty."--_Spectator._ "A brief, yet +full and correct, and withal a most agreeably written account, of the +different Eastern Churches."--_Nottingham Journal._ + +JAMES DARLING, Great Queen-street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. + + * * * * * + +Preparing for publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo. + +THE FOLK-LORE of ENGLAND. By William J. Thoms, F.S.A., Secretary of the +Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and Legends of +all Nations," &c. One object of the present work is to furnish new +contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; and especially +some of the more striking Illustrations of the subject to be found in +the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries. + +Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and +Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and +will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed to +the care of Mr. BELL, Office of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Vols. I. and II. 8vo., price 28s. cloth. + +THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND; from the TIME of the CONQUEST. By EDWARD FOSS, +F.S.A. "A work in which a subject of great historical importance is +treated with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in which Mr. +Foss has brought to light many points previously unknown, corrected many +errors, and shown such ample knowledge of his subject as to conduct it +successfully through all the intricacies of a difficult investigation, +and such taste and judgement as will enable him to quit, when occasion +requires, the dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to +his work, as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a philosophical +history."--_Gent. Mag._ + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + +THE PRIMÆVAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND ILLUSTRATED BY THOSE OF DENMARK. + +THE PRIMÆVAL ANTIQUITIES OF DENMARK. By J.J.A. WORSAAE, Member of the +Royal Society of Antiquaries of Copenhagen. Translated and applied to +the illustration of similar Remains in England, by WILLIAM J. THOMS, +F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden Society. With numerous Woodcuts. 8vo. +10s. 6d. + +"The best antiquarian handbook we have ever met with--so clear is its +arrangement, and so well and so plainly is each subject illustrated by +well executed engravings.... It is the joint production of two men who +have already distinguished themselves as authors and antiquarians."-- +_Morning Herald._ + +"A book of remarkable interest and ability.... Mr. Worsaae's book is in +all ways a valuable addition to our literature.... Mr. Thoms has +executed the translation in flowing and idiomatic English, and has +appended many curious and interesting notes and observations of his +own."--_Guardian._ + +"The work, which we desire to commend to the attention of our readers, +is signally interesting to the British antiquary. Highly interesting and +important work."--_Archæological Journal._ + +See also the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for February 1850. + +Oxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER, and 337. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + +REV. WILLIAM MASKELL's LIBRARY. + +Shortly will be published, + +A CATALOGUE OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN THEOLOGY; including some of the +rarest productions of our early English Divines, and embracing the +various controversies between the Puritans and the Churches of Rome and +England, the works of the Nonjurors, the best Liturgical Commentators, +Ecclesiastical Historians, Fathers of the Church, Schoolmen, Councils, +&c, many of them of extreme rarity, and forming the Library of the Rev. +William Maskell, late Vicar of St. Mary Church, Torquay, together with +other recent purchases, now on Sale by J. LESLIE, 58. Great +Queen-street, Lincoln's Inn. + +N.B.--Gentlemen desirous of receiving this Catalogue are respectfully +requested to forward their names to the Publisher, with twelve postage +stamps to pre-pay the same. + + * * * * * + +Now ready, containing 149 Plates, royal 8vo. 28s.; folio, 2l. 5s.; India +Paper, 4l. 4s. + +The MONUMENTAL BRASSES of ENGLAND: a series of Engravings upon Wood, +from every variety of these interesting and valuable Memorials, +accompanied with Descriptive Notices. + +By the Rev. C. BOUTELI. M.A. Rector of Downham Market. + +Part XII., completing the work, price 7s. 6d.; folio, 12s.; India paper, +24s. + +By the same Author, royal 8vo., 15s.; large paper, 21s. + +MONUMENTAL BRASSES and SLABS: an Historical and Descriptive Notice of +the Incised Monumental Memorials of the Middle Ages. 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Early application for the Large Paper Edition is +necessary. + +By the same Author, to be completed in Four Parts, + +CHRISTIAN MONUMENTS in ENGLAND and WALES: an Historical and Descriptive +Sketch of the various classes of Monumental Memorials which have been in +use in this country from about the time of the Norman Conquest. +Profusely illustrated with Wood Engravings. Part I. price 7s. 6d.; Part +II. 2s. 6d. + +"A well conceived and executed work."--_Ecclesiologist._ + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, July 13. 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 37. 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Saturday, July 13, +1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 37. Saturday, July 13, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: October 12, 2004 [EBook #13729] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 37. *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team and The Internet Library of Early Journals, + + + + + + +</pre> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page97" name="page97"></a>{97}</span> +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left" width="25%"><b>No. 37.</b></td> +<td align="center" width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, JULY 13, 1850</b></td> +<td align="right" width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS</h2> +<table summary="Contents" align="center"> +<tr> +<td align="left">NOTES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">The Author of the "Characteristics" by W.D. +Christie</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page97">97</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Caxton's Printing office, by R.F. Rimbault</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page99">99</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Sanatory Laws in other Days</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page99">99</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Folk Lore:—Midsummer Fires</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page101">101</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Notes:—Borrowed Thoughts—An +Infant Prodigy in 1659—Allusion in Peter Martyr—Hogs +not Pigs</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page101">101</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">A Query and Replies, by H. Walter</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page102">102</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Letters of Queen Elizabeth and Philip II. of +Spain</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page102">102</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Queries:—The New Temple—"Junius +Identified"—Mildew in Books—George Herbert's +Burialplace—The Earl of Essex and "The Finding of the Rayned +Deer"—The Lass of Richmond Hill—Curfew—Alumni of +Oxford, Cambridge, and Winchester—St. Leger's Life of +Archbishop Walsh—Query put to a Pope—The Carpenter's +Maggot—Lord Delamere—Henry and the Nutbrown Maid</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page103">103</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">French Poem by Malherbe, by S.W. Singer</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page104">104</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">"Dies Iræ, Dies Illa"</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page105">105</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Dr. Samuel Ogden, by J.H. Markland</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page105">105</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Replies to Minor Queries:—Porson's +Imposition—The Three Dukes—Kant's Sämmtliche +Werke—Becket's Mother—"Imprest" and +"Debenture"—Derivation of "News"—Origin of +Adur—Meaning of Steyne—Sarum and Barum—Epigrams +on the Universities—Dulcarnon—Dr. Magian—America +known to the Ancients—Collar of SS.—Martello +Towers—"A Frog he would a-wooing go"—William of +Wykeham—Execution of Charles I.—Swords—The Low +Window—Brasichelli's Expurgatory Index—Discursus +Modestus—Melancthon's Epigram</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page106">106</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, Sales, +&c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page111">111</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes Wanted</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page111">111</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page111">111</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Advertisements</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page112">112</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>NOTES</h2> +<h3>THE AUTHOR OF THE "CHARACTERISTICS."</h3> +<p>Lord Shaftesbury's <i>Letters to a young Man at the +University</i>, on which Mr. SINGER has addressed to you an +interesting communication (Vol. ii., p. 33.), were reprinted in +1746 in a collection of his letters, "<i>Letters of the Earl of +Shaftesbury, author of the Characteristicks, collected into one +volume</i>: printed MDCCXLVI." 18mo. This volume contains also Lord +Shaftesbury's letters to Lord Molesworth, originally published by +Toland, with an introduction which is not reprinted; a "Letter sent +from Italy, with the notion of the Judgment of Hercules, &c., +to my Lord ——"; and three letters reprinted from Lord +Shaftesbury's life in the <i>General Dicionary</i>, which was +prepared by Dr. Kippis, under the superintendence of Lord +Shaftesbury's son, the fourth earl.</p> +<p>In my copy of the original edition of the <i>Letters to a young +Man at the University</i>, two letters have been transcribed by an +unknown previous possessor. One is to Bishop Burnet, recommending +young Ainsworth when about to be ordained deacon:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"To the Bishop of Sarum.</p> +<p>"Reigate, May 23. 1710.</p> +<p>"My Lord,—The young man who delivers this to your +Lordship, is one who for several years has been preparing himself +for the ministry, and in order to it has, I think, completed his +time at the university. The occasion of his applying this way was +purely from his own inclination. I took him a child from his poor +parents, out of a numerous and necessitous family, into my own, +employing him in nothing servile; and finding his ingenuity, put +him abroad to the best schools to qualify him for preferment in a +peculiar way. But the serious temper of the lad disposing him, as I +found, to the ministry preferably to other advantages, I could not +be his hindrance; though till very lately I gave him no prospect of +any encouragement through my interest. But having been at last +convinced, by his sober and religious courage, his studious +inclination and meek behaviour, that 'twas real principle and not a +vanity or conceit that led him into these thoughts, I am resolved, +in case your lordship thinks him worthy of the ministry, to procure +him a benefice as soon as anything happens in my power, and in the +mean time design to keep him as my chaplain in my family.</p> +<p>"I am, my Lord, &c.,</p> +<p>"SHAFTESBURY."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The second letter inserted in my copy is to Ainsworth himself, +dated Reigate, 11th May, 1711, and written when he was about to +apply for priest's orders. But the bulk of this letter is printed, +with a different beginning and ending, in the tenth printed letter, +under date July 10th, 1710, and is there made to apply to +Ainsworth's having just received deacon's orders. The beginning, +and ending of the letter, as in MS., are—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"I am glad the time is come that you are to receive full orders, +and that you hope it from the hands of our <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page98" id="page98"></a>{98}</span> great, +worthy, and excellent Bishop, the Lord of Salisbury. This is one of +the circumstances" [then the letter proceeds exactly as in the +printed Letter X., and the MS. letter concludes:] "God send you all +true Christianity, with that temper, life, and manners which become +it.</p> +<p>"I am, your hearty friend,</p> +<p>"SHAFTESBURY."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I quote the printed beginning of Letter X., on account of the +eulogy on Bishop Burnet:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"I believed, indeed, it was your expecting me every day at +—— that prevented your writing since you received +orders from the good Bishop, my Lord of Salisbury; who, as he has +done more than any man living for the good and honour of the Church +of England and the Reformed Religion, so he now suffers more than +any man from the tongues and slander of those ungrateful Churchmen, +who may well call themselves by that single term of distinction, +having no claim to that of Christianity or Protestant, since they +have thrown off all the temper of the former and all concern or +interest with the latter. I hope whatever advice the great and good +Bishop gave you, will sink deeply into your mind."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Mr. Singer has extracted from the eighth printed letter one or +two sentences on Locke's denial of innate ideas. A discussion of +Locke's views on this subject, or of Lord Shaftesbury's contrary +doctrine of a "moral sense," is not suited to your columns; and I +only wish to say that I think Mr. Singer has not made it +sufficiently clear that Lord Shaftesbury's remarks apply only to +the speculative consequences, according to his own view, of a +denial of innate ideas; and that Lord Shaftesbury, in another +passage of the same Letters, renders the following tribute of +praise to the <i>Essay on the Human Understanding</i>:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"I am not sorry that I lent you Mr. Locke's <i>Essay on the +Human Understanding</i>, which may as well qualify for business and +the world as for the sciences and a University. No one has done +more towards the recalling of philosophy from barbarity into use +and practice of the world, and into the company of the better and +politer sort, who might well be ashamed of it in its other dress. +No one has opened a better or clearer way to reasoning; and, above +all, I wonder to hear him censured so much by any Church of England +men, for advancing reason and bringing the use of it so much into +religion, when it is by this only that we fight against the +enthusiasts and repel the great enemies of our Church."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>A life of the author of the <i>Characteristics</i> is hardly +less a desideratum than that of his grandfather, the Lord +Chancellor, and would make an interesting work, written in +connection with the politics as well as literature of the reigns of +William and Anne; for the third Lord Shaftesbury, though prevented +by ill-health from undertaking office or regularly attending +parliament, took always a lively interest in politics. An +interesting collection of the third earl's letters has been +published by Mr. Foster (<i>Letters of Locke, Algernon Sidney, and +the Earl of Shaftesbury</i>), and a few letters from him to Locke +are in Lord King's <i>Life of Locke</i>. I subjoin a "note" of a +few original letters of the third Lord Shaftesbury in the British +Museum; some of your readers who frequent the British Museum may +perhaps be induced to copy them for your columns.</p> +<p>Letters to Des Maizeaux (one interesting, offering him pecuniary +assistance) in <i>Ags. Cat.</i> MSS. 4288.</p> +<p>Letters to Charles Montagu, Earl of Halifax<a id="footnotetag1" +name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a>, (one +introducing Toland). Add. MSS. 7121.</p> +<p>Letter to Toland (printed, I think, in one of the <i>Memoirs of +Toland</i>). <i>Ags. Cat.</i> 4295. 10.</p> +<p>Letter to T. Stringer in 1625. Ib. 4107. 115.</p> +<p>In Watt's <i>Bibliotheca Britannica</i>, neither the <i>Letters +to a young Man at the University</i>, published in 1716, nor the +collection of letters of 1746, are mentioned; and confusion is made +between the author of the <i>Characteristics</i> and his +grandfather the Chancellor. Several political tracts, published +during the latter part of Charles II.'s reign, which have been +ascribed to the first Earl of Shaftesbury, but of which, though +they were probably written under his supervision, it is extremely +doubtful that he was the actual author, are lumped together with +the <i>Characteristics</i> as the works of one and the same Earl of +Shaftesbury.</p> +<p>Some years ago a discovery was made in Holland of MSS. of Le +Clerc, and some notice of the MSS., and extracts from them, are to +be found in the following work:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"De Joanne Clerico et Philippo A. Limborch Dissertationes +Duæ. Adhibitis Epistolis aliisque Scriptis ineditis scripsit +atque eruditorum virorum epistolis nunc primum editis auxit Abr. +Des Amorie Van Der Hoeven, &c. Amstelodami: apud Fredericum +Muller, 1843."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Two letters of Locke are among the MSS. Now it is mentioned by +Mr. Martyn, the biographer of the first Earl of Shaftesbury, in a +MS. letter in the British Museum, that some of this earl's papers +were sent by the family to Le Clerc, and were supposed not to have +been returned. I mention this, as I perceive you have readers and +correspondents in Holland, in the hope that I may possibly learn +whether any papers relating to the first Earl of Shaftesbury have +been found among the lately discovered Le Clerc MSS.; and it is not +unlikely that the same MSS. might contain letters of the third +earl, the author of the <i>Characteristics</i>, who was a friend +and correspondent of Le Clerc.</p> +<p class="author">W.D. CHRISTIE.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name= +"footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag1">(return)</a> +<p>Two of these—one a letter asking the earl to stand +godfather to his son, and the other a short note, forwarding a book +(Qy. of Toland's)—are printed by Sir Henry Ellis in his +Camden volume, <i>Letters of Eminent Literary +Men</i>.—ED.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page99" id="page99"></a>{99}</span> +<h3>CAXTON'S PRINTING-OFFICE.</h3> +<p>The particular spot where Caxton exercised his business, or the +place where his press was fixed, cannot now, perhaps, be exactly +ascertained. Dr. Dibdin, after a careful examination of existing +testimonies, thinks it most probable that he erected his press in +one of the chapels attached to the aisles of Westminster Abbey; and +as no remains of this interesting place can now be discovered, +there is a strong presumption that it was pulled down in making +alterations for the building of Henry VII.'s splendid chapel.</p> +<p>It has been frequently asserted that all Caxton's books were +printed in a part of Westminster Abbey; this must be mere +conjecture, because we find no statement of it from himself: he +first mentions the place of his printing in 1477, so that he must +have printed some time without informing us where.</p> +<p>With all possible respect for the opinions of Dr. Dibdin, and +the numerous writers on our early typography, I have very +considerable doubts as to whether Caxton really printed <i>within +the walls of the Abbey</i> at all. I am aware that he himself says, +in some of his colophons, "Emprinted in th' Abbey of Westmynstre," +but query whether the <i>precincts</i> of the Abbey are not +intended? Stow, in his <i>Annals</i> (edit 1560, p. 686.), +says,—"William Caxton of London, mercer, brought it +(printing) into England about the year 1471, and first practised +the same in the <i>Abbie</i> of St. Peter at Westminster;" but in +his <i>Survey of London</i>, 1603 (edit. Thoms, p. 176.), the same +writer gives us a more full and particular account; it is as +follows:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Near unto this house [<i>i.e.</i> Henry VII.'s alms-house], +westward, was an old chapel of St. Anne; over against the which, +the Lady Margaret, mother to King Henry VII., erected an alms-house +for poor women, which is now turned into lodgings for the singing +men of the college. The place wherein this chapel and alms-house +standeth was called the Elemosinary, or almonry, now corruptly the +ambry, for that the alms of the Abbey were there distributed to the +poor; and therein Islip, abbot of Westminster, erected the first +press of book-printing that ever was in England, about the year of +Christ 1471. William Caxton, citizen of London, mercer, brought it +into England, and was the first that practised it <i>in the said +abbey</i>; after which time the like was practised in the abbeys of +St. Augustine at Canterbury, St. Albans, and other +monasteries."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Again, in the curious hand-bill preserved in the Bodleian +Library, it will be remembered that Caxton invites his customers to +"come to Westmonester <i>into the Almonestrye</i>," where they may +purchase his books "good chepe."</p> +<p>From these extracts it is pretty clear that Caxton's +printing-office was in the Almonry, which was within the precincts +of the Abbey, and not in the Abbey itself. The "old chapel of St. +Anne" was doubtless the place where the first printing-office was +erected in England. Abbot Milling (not Islip, as stated by Stow) +was the generous friend and patron of Caxton and the art of +printing; and it was by permission of this learned monk that our +printer was allowed the use of the building in question.</p> +<p>The <i>old</i> chapel of St. Anne stood in the New-way, near the +back of the workhouse, at the bottom of the almonry leading to what +is now called Stratton Ground. It was pulled down, I believe, about +the middle of the seventeenth century. The <i>new</i> chapel of St. +Anne, erected in 1631, near the site of the old one, was destroyed +about fifty years since.</p> +<p>Mr. Cunningham, in his <i>Handbook for London</i> (vol. i. p. +17.), says,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The first printing-press ever seen in England was set up in +this almonry under the patronage of <i>Esteney</i>, Abbot of +Westminster, by William Caxton, citizen and mercer (d. 1483)."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Esteney succeeded Milling in the Abbacy of Westminster, but the +latter did not die before 1492. On p. 520. of his second volume, +Mr. Cunninghan gives the date of Caxton's death correctly, +<i>i.e.</i> 1491.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>SANATORY LAWS IN OTHER DAYS.</h3> +<p>In that curious medley commonly designated, after Hearne, +<i>Arnold's Chronicle</i>, and which was probably first printed in +1502 or 1503, we find the following passages. I make "notes" of +them, from their peculiar interest at the moment when sanatory +bills, having the same objects, are occupying the public attention +so strongly; especially in respect to the Smithfield Nuisance and +the Clergy Discipline bill.</p> +<p>1. In a paper entitled "The articles dishired bi y'e comonse of +the cety of London, for reformacyo of thingis to the same, of the +Mayer, Aldirmen, and Comon Counsell, to be enacted," we have the +following:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Also that in anoyding the corupte savours and lothsom innoyaunc +(caused by slaughter of best) w'tin the cyte, wherby moche people +is corupte and infecte, it may plese my Lord Mayr, Aldirmen, and +Comen Counsaile, to put in execucion a certaine acte of parlement, +by whiche it is ordeigned y't no such slaughter of best shuld be +vsed or had within this cite, and that suche penaltees be leuyed +vpo the contrary doers as in the said acte of parlement ben +expressed.</p> +<p>"Also in anoyding of lyke annoyauce. Plese it my Lord Mair, +Alderme, and Como Councell, to enact that noo manor pulter or any +other persone i this cytee kepe from hinsforth, within his hous, +swans, gies, or dowk, upon a peyn therfore to be +ordeigned."—pp. 83, 84, 3d. ed.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I believe that one item of "folk-faith" is that "farm-yard +odours are healthy." I have often <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page100" id="page100"></a>{100}</span> heard it affirmed at least; +and, indeed, has not the common councilman, whom the <i>Times</i> +has happily designated as the "defender of filth", totally and +publicly staked his reputation on the dogma in its most extravagant +shape, within the last few months? It is clear that nearly four +centuries ago, the citizens of London thought differently; even +though "the corupte savours and lothsom innoyaunc" were infinitely +less loathsome than in the present Smithfield and the City +slaughter-houses.</p> +<p>It would be interesting to know to what act of parliament +Arnold's citizens refer, and whether it has ever been repealed. It +is curious to notice, too, that the danger from infuriated beasts +running wild through the streets is not amongst the evils of the +system represented. They go further, however, and forbid even the +<i>killing</i> within the city.</p> +<p>Moreover, it would really seem that the swan was not then a mere +ornamental bird, either alive or dead, but an ordinary article of +citizen-dinners, it being classed with "gies and dowks" in the +business of the poulterer. At the same time, no mention being made +of swine in any of these ordonnances or petitions, would at first +sight seem to show that the flesh of the hog was in abhorrence with +the Catholic citizen, as much perhaps as with the Jews themselves; +at any rate, that it was not a vendible article of food in those +days. When did it become so? This conclusion would, however, be +erroneous; for amongst "the articles of the good governaûce +of the cite of London" shortly following we have this:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Also yf ony persone kepe or norrysh hoggis, oxen, kyen, or +mallardis within the ward, in noyoying of ther neyhbours."—p. +91.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The proper or appointed place for keeping hoggis was Hoggistone, +now Hoxton; as Houndsditch<a id="footnotetag2" name= +"footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> was for +the hounds.</p> +<p>There is another among these petitions to the Lord Mayor and +corporation, worthy of notice, in connection with sanatory law.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Also in avoydîg ye abhomynable savours causid by ye +kepîg of ye kenell in ye mote and ye diches there, and +î especiall by sethig of ye houndes mete wt roten bones, and +vnclenly keping of ye hoûdes, wherof moche people is anoyed, +soo yt when the wynde is in any poyte of the northe, all the fowle +stynke is blowen ouer the citee. Plese it mi Lord Mair, Aldirmen, +and Comen Coûcell, to ordeigne that the sayd kenell be amoued +and sett in sô other côuenient place where as best +shall seme them. And also that the said diches mai be clensed from +yere to yere, and so kepte yt thereof folowe non +annoyaunce."—p. 87.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Of course "Houndsditch" is here meant; but for what purpose were +the hounds kept? And, indeed, what kind of hounds were they, that +thus formed a part of the City establishment? Were they bloodhounds +for tracking criminals, or hounds kept for the special behoof and +pleasure of the "Lord Mair, Aldermen, and Comen Coûsel?" The +Houndsditch of that time bore a strong resemblance to the Fleet +ditch of times scarcely exceeding the memory of many living +men.</p> +<p>I come now to the passages relating to the clergy.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Also, where as the curatis of the cyte have used often tyme +herebefore to selle their offring (at mariag), whereby the +pisshês where such sales be made comenly be lettid fro messe +or matyns, and otherwhiles from both, by so moch as the frendis of +the pties maryed vsen to goo abowte vij. or viij. dayes before, and +desiryg men to offryg at such tymes as more conuenyent it were to +be at diunyne seruice. Plese it my Lord Mair, Aldirmê, and +Comê Coûseile, to puide remedy, so that the sayd +custume be fordone and leid aparte."—p. 86.</p> +<p>"Also, to thentent that the ordre of priesthood be had in dew +reuerence according to the dignite therof, and that none occasions +of incontinence growe bee the famylyarite of seculer people. Plese +it my Lord Mayre, Aldirmen, and Comon Counsyll, to enacte that no +maner persone beyng free of this citee take, receyue, and kepe from +hensforth ony priest in comons, or to borde by the weke, moneth, or +yere, or ony other terme more or lesse, vpon peine thervpon to be +lymytyd, prouided that this acte extêde not to ony prieste +retayned wyth a citezen in famyliar housolde."—p. 89.</p> +<p>"Also, plese it my Lord Mayre, Aldyrmen, and Comon Counseylle, +that a communication may be had wyth the curatis of this citee for +oblacions whiche they clayme to haue of citezens agaynst the tenour +of the bulle purchased att their owne instance, and that it may be +determined and an ende taken, whervpon the citezens shall +rest."—p. 89.</p> +<p>"Also, yf ther be ony priest in seruice within the warde, which +afore tyme hath been sette in the toune in Cornhyll for his +dishoneste, and hath forsworne the cyte, alle suche shulde bee +presentyd."—p. 92.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Upon these I shall make no remark. They will make different +impressions on different readers; according to the extent of +prejudice or liberality existing in different minds. They show that +even during the most absolute period of ecclesiastical domination, +there was one spot in England where attempts to legislate for the +priesthood (though perhaps feeble enough) were made. The +legislative <span class="pagenum"><a name="page101" id= +"page101"></a>{101}</span> powers of the corporation were at that +time very ample; and the only condition by which they appear to +have been limited was, that they should not override an act of +parliament or a royal proclamation.</p> +<p>Is there any specific account of the "tonne in Cornhyll" +existing? Its purpose, in connection with the conduit, admits of no +doubt; the forsworn and dishonest priest had been punished with a +"good ducking," and this, no doubt, accompanied with a suitable +ceremonial for the special amusement of the "'prentices."<a id= +"footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href= +"#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a></p> +<p>I have also marked a few passages relative to the police and the +fiscal laws of those days, and when time permits, will transcribe +them for you, if you deem them worthy of being laid before your +readers.</p> +<p class="author">T.S.D.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2" name= +"footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag2">(return)</a> +<p>Mr. Cunningham, speaking of Houndsditch, merely quotes the words +of Stow. It would appear that Stow's reason for the name is +entirely conjectural; and indeed the same reason would justify the +same name being applied to all the "ditches" in London in the year +1500, and indeed much later. This passage of Arnold throws a new +light upon the <i>name</i>, at least, of that rivulet; for stagnant +its waters could not be, from its inclination to the horizon. It, +however, raises another question respecting the mode of keeping and +feeding hounds in those days; and likewise, as suggested in the +text, the further question, as to the purpose for which these +hounds were thus kept as a part of the civic establishment.</p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote3" name= +"footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag3">(return)</a> +<p>This view will no doubt be contested on the authority of Stow, +who describes the tonne as a "prison for night-walkers," so called +from the form in which it was built. (Cunningham, p. 141., 2nd ed.) +Yet, as Mr. Cunningham elsewhere states (p. xxxix.), "the Tun upon +Corn-hill [was] converted into a conduit" in 1401, it would hardly +be called a "prison" a century later. The probability is, that the +especial building called the tonne never was a prison at all; but +that the prison, from standing near or adjoining the tonne, took +its name, the tonne prison, in conformity with universal usage. It +is equally probable that the tonne was originally built for the +purpose to which it was ultimately applied; and that some delay +arose in its use from the difficulty experienced in the hydraulic +part of the undertaking, which was only overcome in 1401. The +universality of the punishment of "ducking" amongst our ancestors +is at least a circumstance in favour of the view taken in the +text.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> +<p><i>Midsummer Fires.</i>—From your notice of Mr. Haslam's +account of the Beltein or Midsummer fires in Cornwall, I conclude +you will give a place to the following note. On St. John's eve last +past, I happened to pass the day at a house situate on an elevated +tract in the county of Kilkenny, Ireland; and I shall long remember +the beauty of the sight, when, as dusk closed in, fire after fire +shot up its clear flame, thickly studding the near plains and +distant hills. The evening was calm and still, and the mingled +shouts and yells of the representatives of the old fire-worshippers +came with a very singular effect on the ear. When a boy, I have +often <i>passed through</i> the fire myself on Midsummer eve, and +such is still the custom. The higher the flame, the more daring the +act is considered: hence there is a sort of emulation amongst the +unwitting perpetrators of this Pagan rite. In many places cattle +are driven through the fire; and this ceremony is firmly believed +to have a powerful effect in preserving them from various harms. I +need not say, that amongst the peasantry the fires are now lighted +in honour of St John.</p> +<p class="author">X.Y.A.</p> +<p>Kilkenny.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR NOTES.</h3> +<p><i>Borrowed Thoughts.</i>—Mr. SINGER (Vol. i., p. 482.) +points out the French original from which Goldsmith borrowed his +epigram beginning—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Here lies poor Ned Purdon."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I find, in looking over Swift's works, a more literal version of +this than Goldsmith's:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Well then, poor G—— lies under ground,</p> +<p class="i2">So there's an end of honest Jack;</p> +<p>So little justice here he found,</p> +<p>'Tis ten to one he'll ne'er come back."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I should like to add two Queries:—Who was the Chevallier +de Cailly (or d'Aceilly), the author of the French epigram +mentioned by Mr. Singer? And—when did he live?</p> +<p class="author">H.C. DE ST. CROIX</p> +<p><i>An Infant Prodigy in 1659.</i>—The following wonderful +story is thus related by Archbishop Bramhall (Carte's +<i>Letters</i>, ii. 208.: Dr. Bramhall to Dr. Earles, Utrecht, +Sept. 6-16, 1659):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A child was born in London about three months since, with a +double tongue, or divided tongue, which the third day after it was +born, cried 'a King, a King,' and bid them bring it to the King. +The mother of the child saieth it told her of all that happened in +England since, and much more which she dare not utter. This my lady +of Inchiguin writeth to her aunt, <i>Me brow van +Melliswarde</i><a id="footnotetag4" name= +"footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a>, living in +this city, who shewed me the letter. My Lady writeth that she +herself was as incredulous as any person, until she both saw and +heard it speak herself very lately, as distinctly as she herself +could do, and so loud that all the room heard it. That which she +heard was this. A gentleman in the company took the child in his +arms and gave it money, and asked what it would do with it, to +which it answered aloud that it would give it to the King. If my +Lady were so foolish to be deceived, or had not been an eye and ear +witness herself, I might have disputed it; but giving credit to +her, I cannot esteem it less than a miracle. If God be pleased to +bestow a blessing upon us, he cannot want means."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>It can hardly be doubted that the Archbishop's miracle was a +ventriloquist hoax.</p> +<p class="author">CH.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote4" name= +"footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag4">(return)</a> +<p>The name of the Dutch lady, mis-written for De Vrouw, +&c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p><i>Allusion in Peter Martyr.</i>—Mr. Prescott, in his +<i>History of the Conquest of Mexico</i> vol. i. p. 389. (ed. 8vo. +1843), quotes from Peter Martyr, <i>De Orbe Novo</i>, dec. 1. c. +l., the words, "Una illis fuit spes salutis, desperasse de salute," +applied to the Spanish invaders of Mexico; and he remarks that "it +is said with the classic energy of Tacitus." The <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page102" id="page102"></a>{102}</span> +expression is classical, but is not derived from Tacitus. The +allusion is to the verse of Virgil:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Una salus victis nullam sperare salutem."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Æn.</i> ii. 354.</p> +<p class="author">L.</p> +<p><i>Hogs not Pigs.</i>—In Cowper's humorous verses, "The +yearly Distress, or Tithing-time at Stoke in Essex," one of the +grumblers talks</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"of pigs that he has lost</p> +<p>By maggots at the tail."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Upon this I have to remark that an intelligent grazier assures +me that pigs are never subject to the evil here complained of, but +that lambs of a year old, otherwise called "hogs" or "hoggets," are +often infested by it. It would appear, therefore, that the poet, +misled by the ambiguous name, and himself knowing nothing of the +matter but by report, attributed to pigs that which happens to the +other kind of animal, viz. lambs a year old, which have not yet +been shorn.</p> +<p class="author">J. MN.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>QUERIES.</h2> +<h3>A QUERY AND REPLIES.</h3> +<p><i>Plaister or Paster—Christian Captives—Members for +Calais, &c.</i>—In editing Tyndale's <i>Pathway</i> +(<i>Works</i>, vol. i. p. 22.), I allowed preceding editors to +induce me to print <i>pastor</i>, where the oldest authority had +<i>paster</i>. As the following part of the sentence speaks of +"suppling and suaging wounds," I am inclined to suspect that +"paster" might be an old way of spelling, "plaster." Can any of +your correspondents supply me with any instance in which "plaster" +or "plaister" is spelt "paster" by any old English writer?</p> +<p>In return for troubling you with this question, you may inform +Mr. Sansom, in answer to Query, Vol. ii., p. 41., that Hallam says, +"Not less than fifty gentlemen were sold for slaves at Barbadoes, +under Cromwell's government." (<i>Constit. Hist.</i>, ch. x. note +to p. 128., 4to. edit.) And though Walker exaggerated matters when +he spoke "a project to sell some of the most eminent masters of +colleges, &c., to the Turks for slaves," Whitelock's +<i>Memorials</i> will inform him, under date of Sept. 21, 1648, +that the English Parliament directed one of its committees "to take +care for transporting the Scotch prisoners, in the first place to +supply the plantations, and to send the rest to Venice."</p> +<p>To another, O.P.Q. (Vol. ii., p. 9.), you may state that the +members for Calais in the time of Edw. VI., and in the first four +parliaments of Mary, may be seen in Willis' <i>Notitia +Parliamentaria</i>, where their names are placed next to the +members for the Cinque Ports. Willis states that the return for +Calais for the last parliament of Henry VIII is lost. Their names +indicate that they were English,—such as Fowler, Massingberd, +&c.</p> +<p>As to umbrellas, there are Oriental scholars who can inform your +inquirers that the word "satrap" is traceable to words whose +purport is, the bearer of an umbrella.</p> +<p>Another of your latest Querists may find the epigrams on George +II.'s (not, as he imagines, Charles I.'s) different treatment of +the two English universities in Knox's <i>Elegent Extracts</i>. The +lines he has cited are both from the same epigram, and, I think, +from the first of the two. They were occasioned by George. II's +purchasing the library of Dr. Moore, Bishop of Ely, and giving it +to the university of Cambridge.</p> +<p>The admirer of another epigram has not given it exactly as I can +remember it in a little book of emblems more than fifty years +ago:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"'Tis an excellent world that we live in,</p> +<p>To lend, to spend, or to give in;</p> +<p>But to borrow or beg, or get a man's own,</p> +<p>'Tis just the worst world that ever was known."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">H. WALTER.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>LETTERS OF QUEEN ELIZABETH AND PHILIP II. OF SPAIN.</h3> +<p>Perhaps some of your readers may be able to inform me whether +any of the following letters between Queen Elizabeth and Philip II. +of Spain, extracted from the archives of Simancas, have yet +appeared in print:—</p> +<p>1. Queen Elizabeth to Philip II., January 9, 1562-3.</p> +<p>2. Answer, April 2, 1563.</p> +<p>3. Philip II.'s reply to the English ambassador in the case of +Bishop Cuadra, April, 1563.</p> +<p>4. Charges made in England against the Bishop of Aquila, +Philip's ambassador, and the answers.</p> +<p>5. Queen Elizabeth to Philip II., January 18, 1569.</p> +<p>6. Philip to Elizabeth, May 9, 1569.</p> +<p>7. Elizabeth to Philip, March 20, 1571.</p> +<p>8. Answer, June 4, 1571.</p> +<p>9. Declaration of the Council to the Spanish ambassador Don +Gueran de Espes, Dec. 14, 1571.</p> +<p>10. The ambassador's answer.</p> +<p>11. Elizabeth to Philip, Dec. 16, 1571.</p> +<p>12. Bermandino de Mendoza to Philip II., in cypher, London, +January 26, 1584.</p> +<p>13. Philip to Elizabeth, July, 16, 1568.</p> +<p>14. Duke of Alva to Philip II., January 14, 1572.</p> +<p>15. Minutes of a letter from Philip II. to Don Gueran de Espes, +February 24, 1572.</p> +<p class="author">A.M.</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page103" id= +"page103"></a>{103}</span> +<h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>The New Temple.</i>—As your correspondent L.B.L. states +(Vol. ii., p. 75.) that he has transcribed a MS. survey of the +Hospitallers' lands in England, taken in 1338, he will do me a +great kindness if he will extract so much of it as contains a +description of the New Temple in London, of which they became +possessed just before that date. It will probably state whether it +was then in the occupation of themselves or others: and, even if it +does not throw any light on the tradition that the lawyers were +then established there, or explain the division into the Inner and +Middle Temple, it will at least give some idea of the boundaries, +and perhaps determine whether the site of Essex House, which, in an +ancient record is called the Outer Temple, was then comprehended +within them.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD FOSS.</p> +<p>"<i>Junius Identified.</i>"—The name of "John Taylor" is +affixed to the Preface, and there can be little doubt, I presume, +that Mr. John Taylor was literally <i>the writer</i> of this work. +It has, however, already become a question of some interest, to +what extent he was assisted by Mr. Dubois. The late Mr. George +Woodfall always spoke of the pamphlet as the work of Dubois. Lord +Campbell, in his <i>Lives of the Chancellors</i>, published a +statement by Lady Francis in respect to Sir Philip's claim to the +authorship of <i>Junius' Letters</i>, and thus introduced +it—"I am indebted for it to the kindness of my old and +excellent friend, Mr. Edward Dubois, <i>the ingenious author of +'Junius Identified'</i>" Mr. Dubois was then, and Mr. Taylor is now +living, and both remained silent. Sir Fortunatus Dwarris, the +intimate friend of Dubois, states that he was "<i>a connection</i> +of Sir Philip Francis", and that the pamphlet is "said, I know not +with what truth, to have been prepared under the eye of Sir Philip +Francis, it may be, through the agency of Dubois." Dubois was +certainly connected with, though not, I believe, related to Sir +Philip; and at the time of the publication he was also connected +with Mr. Taylor. I hope, under these circumstances, that Mr. Taylor +will think it right to favour you with a statement of the facts, +that future "Note"-makers may not perplex future editors with +endless "Queries" on the subject.</p> +<p class="author">R.J.</p> +<p><i>Mildew in Books.</i>—Can you, or any of your readers, +suggest a preventive for mildew in books?</p> +<p>In a valuable public library in this town (Liverpool), much +injury has been occasioned by mildew, the operations of which +appear very capricious; in some cases attacking the printed part of +an engraving, leaving the margin unaffected; in others attacking +the inside of the backs <i>only</i>; and in a few instances it +attacks all parts with the utmost impartiality.</p> +<p>Any hints as to cause or remedy will be most acceptable.</p> +<p class="author">B.</p> +<p><i>George Herbert's Burial-place.</i>—Can any of your +correspondents inform me where the venerable George Herbert, rector +of Bemerton, co. Wilts., was buried, and whether there is any +monument of him existing in any church?</p> +<p class="author">J.R. Fox.</p> +<p><i>The Earl of Essex, and "The Finding of the Rayned +Deer."</i>—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"There is a boke printed at Franker in Friseland, in English, +entitled <i>The Finding of the Rayned Deer</i>, but it bears title +to be printed in Antwerp, it should say to be done by som prieste +in defence of the late Essex's tumult."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The above is the postscript to a letter of the celebrated Father +Parsons written "to one Eure, in England", April 30, 1601, a +contemporary copy of which exists in the State Paper Office [Rome,] +Whitehall. Can any of your readers tell me whether anything is +known of this book?</p> +<p class="author">SPES.</p> +<p>June 28. 1850.</p> +<p><i>The Lass of Richmond Hill.</i>—I should be much obliged +by being informed who wrote the <i>words</i> of the above song, and +when, if it was produced originally at some place of public +entertainment. The Rev. Thomas Maurice, in his elegant poem on +Richmond Hill, has considered it to have been written upon a Miss +Crop, who committed suicide on that spot, April 23rd, 1782; but he +was evidently misinformed, as it appeared some few years later, and +had no reference to that event. I have heard it attributed to +Leonard Mac Nally, a writer of some dramatic pieces, but on no +certain grounds; and it may have been a Vauxhall song about the +year 1788. The music was by James Hook, the father of Theodore +Hook.</p> +<p class="author">QUÆRO.</p> +<p><i>Curfew.</i>—In what towns or villages in England is the +old custom of ringing the curfew still retained?</p> +<p class="author">NABOC.</p> +<p><i>Alumni of Oxford, Cambridge, and Winchester.</i>—Are +the alumni of the various colleges of Oxford, Cambridge, and +Winchester, published from an early period, and the various +preferments they held, similar to the one published at Eton.</p> +<p class="author">J.R. Fox.</p> +<p><i>St. Leger's Life of Archbishop Walsh.</i>—In Doctor +Oliver's <i>History of the Jesuits</i>, it is stated that William +St. Leger, an Irish member of that Society, wrote the <i>Life of +Thomas Walsh, Archbishop of Cashel</i>, in Ireland, published in +4to. at Antwerp in 1655. Can any of your numerous readers inform me +if a copy of this work is to be found in the British Museum, or any +other public library, and something of its contents?</p> +<p class="author">J.W.H.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page104" id= +"page104"></a>{104}</span> +<p><i>Query put to a Pope.</i>—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Sancte Pater! scire vellem</p> +<p>Si Papatus mutat pellem?"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I have been told that these lines were addressed to one of the +popes, whose life, before his elevation to the see of St. Peter, +had been passed in excesses but little suited to the clerical +profession.</p> +<p>They were addressed to him <i>orally</i>, by one of his former +associates, who met and stopped him while on his way to or from +some high festival of the Church, and who plucked aside, as he +spoke, the gorgeous robes in which his quondam fellow-reveller was +dressed.</p> +<p>The reply of the pope was prompt, and, like the question, in a +rhyming Latin couplet. I wish, if possible, to discover, the name +of the pope;—the terms of his reply;—the name of the +bold man who "<i>put him to the question</i>;"—by what writer +the anecdote is recorded, or on what authority it rests.</p> +<p class="author">C. FORBES.</p> +<p>Temple.</p> +<p><i>The Carpenter's Maggot.</i>—I have in my possession a +MS. tune called the "Carpenter's Maggot," which, until within the +last few years, was played (I know for nearly a century) at the +annual dinner of the Livery of the Carpenters' Company. Can any of +your readers inform me where the original is to be found, and also +the origin of the word "Maggot" as applied to a tune?</p> +<p class="author">F.T.P.</p> +<p><i>Lord Delamere.</i>—Can any of your readers give me the +words of a song called "Lord Delamere," beginning:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"I wonder very much that our sovereign king,</p> +<p>So many large taxes upon this land should bring."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>And inform me to what political event this song, of which I have +an imperfect MS. copy, refers.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD PEACOCK, JUN.</p> +<p><i>Henry and the Nut-brown Maid.</i>—SEARCH would be +obliged for any information as to the authorship of this beautiful +ballad.</p> +<p class="note">[Mr. Wright, in his handsome black-letter reprint, +published by Pickering in 1836, states, that "it is impossible to +fix the date of this ballad," and has not attempted to trace the +authorship. We shall be very glad if SEARCH's Query should produce +information upon either of these points.]</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>REPLIES.</h2> +<h3>FRENCH POEM BY MALHERBE.</h3> +<p>The two stanzas your correspondent E.R.C.B. has cited (Vol. ii., +p. 71.) are from an elegiac poem by MALHERBE (who died in 1628, at +the good old age of seventy-three), which is entitled +<i>Consolation à Monsieur Du Perrier sur la Mort de sa +Fille</i>. It has always been a great favorite of mine; for, like +Gray's Elegy and the celebrated <i>Coplas</i> of Jorge Manrique on +the death of his father, beside its philosophic moralising strain, +it has that pathetic character which makes its way at once to the +heart. I will transcribe the first four stanzas for the sake of the +beauty of the fourth:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Ta douleur, Du Perrier, sera done éternelle,</p> +<p class="i2">Et les tristes discours</p> +<p>Que te met en l'esprit l'amitié paternelle</p> +<p class="i2">L'augmenteront toujours.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Le malheur de ta fille au tombeau descendue,</p> +<p class="i2">Par un commun trépas,</p> +<p>Est-ce quelque dédale, où ta raison perdue</p> +<p class="i2">Ne se retrouve pas?</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Je sai de quels appas son enfance estoit pleine;</p> +<p class="i2">Et n'ay pas entrepris,</p> +<p>Injurieux ami, de soulager ta peine</p> +<p class="i2">Avecque son mépris.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Mais elles estoit du monde, où les plus belles +choses</p> +<p class="i2">Ont le pire destin:</p> +<p>Et Rose elle a vécu ce que vivent les roses,</p> +<p class="i2">L'espace d'un matin."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The whole poem consists of twenty-one stanzas and should be read +as a whole; but there are several other striking passages. The +consolation the poet offers to his friend breathes the spirit of +Epictetus:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"De moy, déjà deux fois d'une pareille foudre</p> +<p class="i2">Je me suis vu perclus,</p> +<p>Et deux fois la raison m'a si bien fait resoudre,</p> +<p class="i2">Qu'il ne m'en souvient plus.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Non qu'il ne me soit grief que la terre possède</p> +<p class="i2">Ce qui me fut si cher;</p> +<p>Mais en un accident qui n'a point de remède,</p> +<p class="i2">II n'en faut point chercher."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Then follow the two stanzas cited by your correspondent, and the +closing verse is:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"De murmurer contre-elle et perdre patience,</p> +<p class="i2">Il est mal-à-propos:</p> +<p>Vouloir ce que Dieu veut, est la seule science</p> +<p class="i2">Qui nous met en repos."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The stanza beginning "Le pauvre en sa cabane," is an admirable +imitation of the "Pallida mors æquo pulsat pede," &c. of +Horace, which a countryman of the poet is said to have less happily +rendered "La pâle mort avec son pied de cheval," &c.</p> +<p>Malherbe has been duly appreciated in France: his works, in one +edition, are accompanied by an elaborate comment by Menage and +Chevreau: Racan wrote his life, and Godeau, Bishop of Vence, a +panegyrical preface. He was a man of wit, and ready at an +impromptu; yet it is said, that in writing a consolotary poem to +the President de Verdun, on the death of his wife, he was so long +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page105" id= +"page105"></a>{105}</span> in bringing his verses to that degree of +perfection which satisfied his own fastidious taste, that the +president was happily remarried, and the consolation not at all +required.</p> +<p>Bishop Hurd, in a note on the <i>Epistle to Augustus</i>, p. +72., says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Malherbe was to the French pretty much what Horace had been to +Latin poetry. These great writers had, each of them, rescued the +lyric muse of their country out of the rude ungracious hands of +their old poets. And, as their talents of a <i>good ear</i>, +<i>elegant judgment</i>, and <i>correct expression</i>, were the +same, they presented her to the public in all the air and grace, +and yet <i>severity</i>, of beauty, of which her form was +susceptible."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">S.W. SINGER.</p> +<p>Mickleham, July 2. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>"DIES IRÆ, DIES ILLA."</h3> +<p>In reply to the first of Mr. SIMPSON's Queries (Vol. ii., p. +72.) relative to the magnificent sequence <i>Dies iræ</i>, I +beg to say that the author of it is utterly unknown. The following +references may be sufficient:—Card. Bona, <i>Rer. +Liturgic.</i> lib. ii. cap. vi. p. 336., Romæ, 1671; or, if +possible, Sala's edition, tom. iii. p 143., Aug. Turin. 1753; +Gavantus, tom. i. pp. 274-5., Lugd. 1664; and the <i>Additions</i> +by Merati, i. 117-18., Aug. Vindel, 1740; Zaccaria, <i>Biblioth. +Ritual.</i> tom. i. p. 34., Romæ, 1776; Oldoini Addit. ad +Ciaconii <i>Vit. Pontiff. et Cardd.</i>, tom. ii. col. 222., +Romæ, 1677.</p> +<p>Mr. SIMPSON's second question is, "In what book was it first +printed?" Joannes de Palentia, in his notes upon the <i>Ordinarium +PP. Præd.</i>, asserts that this celebrated prose was first +introduced into the Venice editions of the Missals printed for the +Dominicans. The oldest <i>Missale Prædicatorum</i> which I +possess, or have an opportunity of seeing, is a copy of the +Parisian impression of the year 1519; and herein the <i>Dies +iræ</i> is inserted in the <i>Commemoratio Defunctorum</i>; +mens. Novemb. sig. M. 5.</p> +<p>An inquiry remains as to the date of the general adoption of +this sequence by the Roman Church. In Quetif and Echard +(<i>Scriptt. Ord. Præd.</i> i. 437.), under the name of +Latinus Malabranca, we read that it certainly was not in use in the +year 1255; and there does not appear to be the slightest evidence +of its admission, even upon private authority, into the office for +the dead anterior to the commencement of the fifteenth century.</p> +<p>Your correspondent was not mistaken in his belief that he had +met with an imperfect transcript of this prose, for the original +consists not of "twenty-seven," but of <i>fifty-seven</i> lines. I +may add that I do not remember to have found the text more +correctly given than in the beautiful folio missal of the church of +Augsburg, partly printed on vellum in 1555 (fol. 466. b.).</p> +<p class="author">R.G.</p> +<p>The <i>Dies Iræ</i> is truly said by Mr. SPARROW SIMPSON +(Vol. ii., p. 72.) to be an extremely beautiful hymn. Who was its +author is very doubtful, but the probabilities are in favour of +Thomas de Celano, a Minorite friar, who lived during the second +half of the fourteenth century. It consists of nineteen strophes, +each having three lines. Bartholomew of Pisa, A.D. 1401, in his +<i>Liber Conformitatum</i>, speaks of it; but the earliest printed +book in which I have ever seen this hymn, is the <i>Missale +Romanum</i>, printed at Pavia, A.D. 1491, in 8vo., a copy of which +I have in my possession.</p> +<p class="author">D. ROCK.</p> +<p>Buckland, Faringdon.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>DR. SAMUEL OGDEN.</h3> +<p>In reply to your correspondent TWYFORD (Vol. ii., p. 73.), the +original of the common surname <i>Ogden</i> is doubtless Oakden. A +place so called is situated in Butterworth, Lancashire, and gave +name to a family,—possibly extinct in the sixteenth century. +A clergymam, whose name partook both of the original and its +corruption, was vicar of Bradford, 1556, viz Dus Tho. <i>Okden</i>. +The arms and crest borne by the Oakdens were both allusive to the +name, certainly without any reference to King Charles's +hiding-place.</p> +<p>Dr. Samuel Ogden, born in 1716 at Winchester, was the son of +Thomas Ogden, a man of very humble origin: but he had the merit of +giving a liberal education to one whose natural talents well +deserved culture; and both his parents, in the decline of life, +owed their support to Ogden's filial piety and affection. Cole is +quite mistaken in fixing the father's residence at Mansfield, and +in stating that he had been in the army. The monument, spoken of by +Cole, is not at Mansfield, but in the cathedral of Manchester: nor +is it a memorial of Dr. Ogden. It was placed by him in memory of +his <i>father</i>. Ogden was buried in his own church, St. +Sephlchre's, Cambridge.</p> +<p>The following epigram, it is believed, has not been printed. It +is transcribed from a letter in my possession, addressed by the +first Lord Alvanley, when at college, to his former tutor, Mr. +Thyer, editor of <i>Butler's Remains</i>:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"When Ogden his prosaic verse</p> +<p class="i2">In Latin numbers drest,</p> +<p>The Roman language prov'd too weak</p> +<p class="i2">To stand the Critic's test.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"To English Rhyme he next essay'd,</p> +<p class="i2">To show he'd some pretence;</p> +<p>But ah! Rhyme only would not do—</p> +<p class="i2">They still expected Sense.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Enrag'd, the Doctor said he'd place</p> +<p class="i2">In Critics no reliance,</p> +<p>So wrapt his thoughts in Arabic,</p> +<p class="i2">And bad them all defiance."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">J.H. MARKLAND.</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page106" id= +"page106"></a>{106}</span> +<p><i>Ogden Family</i> (Vol. ii., p. 73.).—Perhaps the +representatives of the late Thomas Ogden, Esq., and who was a +private banker at Salisbury previous to 1810 (presuming he was a +member of the family mentioned by your correspondent TWYFORD), +might be able to furnish him with the information he seeks.</p> +<p class="author">J.R. FOX.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Replies to Minor Queries.</h3> +<p><i>Porson's Imposition</i> (Vol. i., p. 71.) is indeed, I +believe, an <i>imposition</i>. The last line quoted (and I suppose +all the rest) can hardly be Porson's, for Mr. Langton amused +Johnson, Boswell, and a dinner party at General Oglethorpe's, on +the 14th of April, 1778, with some macaronic Greek "by <i>Joshua +Barnes</i>, in which are to be found such comical Anglo-hellenisms +as [Greek: klubboisin ebagchthae] they were banged with clubs." +Boswell's <i>Johnson</i>, last ed. p. 591.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>The Three Dukes</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 9, 46, 91.).—Andrew +Marvel thus makes mention of the outrage on the beadle in his +letter to the Mayor of Hull, Feb. 28, 1671 (<i>Works</i>, i. +195.):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"On Saturday night last, or rather Sunday morning, at two +o'clock, some persons reported to be of great quality, together +with other gentlemen, set upon the watch and killed a poor beadle, +praying for his life upon his knees, with many wounds; warrants are +out for apprehending some of them, but they are fled."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I am not aware of any contemporary authority for the names of +the three dukes; and a difficulty in the way of assigning them by +conjecture is, that in the poem they are called "three bastard +dukes." Your correspondent C. has rightly said (p. 46.) that none +of Charles II.'s bastard sons besides Monmouth would have been old +enough in 1671 to be actors in such a fray. Sir Walter Scott, in +his notes on <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, referring to the poem, +gives the assault to Monmouth and some of his brothers; but he did +so, probably, without considering dates, and on the strength of the +words "three bastard dukes."</p> +<p>Mr. Lister, in the passage in his <i>Life of Clarendon</i> +referred to by Mr. Cooper (p. 91.), gives no authority for his +mention of Albemarle. I should like to know if Mr. Wade has any +other authority than Mr. Lister for this statement in his useful +compilation.</p> +<p>Were it certain that three dukes were engaged in this fray, and +were we not restricted to "bastards," I should say that Monmouth, +Albemarle, and Richmond (who married the beautiful Miss Stuart, and +killed himself by drinking) would probably be the three culprits. +As regards Albemarle, he might perhaps have been called bastard +without immoderate use of libeller's licence.</p> +<p>If three dukes did murder the beadle, it is strange that their +names have not been gibbeted in many of the diaries and letters +which we have of that period. And this is the more strange, as this +assault took place just after the attack on Sir John Coventry, +which Monmouth instigated, and which had created so much +excitement.</p> +<p>The question is not in itself of much importance; but I can +suggest a mode in which it may possibly be settled. Let the royal +pardons of 1671 be searched in the Rolls' Chapel, Chancery Lane. If +the malefactors were pardoned by name, the three dukes may there +turn up. Or if any of your readers is able to look through the +Domestic Papers for February and March, 1671, in the State Paper +Office, he would be likely to find there come information upon the +subject.</p> +<p>Query. Is the doggerel poem in the <i>State Poems</i> Marvel's? +Several poems which are ascribed to him are as bad in +versification, and, I need not say, in coarseness.</p> +<p>Query 2. Is there any other authority for Queen Catharine's +fondness for dancing than the following lines of the poem?</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"See what mishaps dare e'en invade Whitehall,</p> +<p>This silly fellow's death puts off the ball,</p> +<p>And disappoints the Queen's foot, little Chuck;</p> +<p>I warrant 'twould have danced it like a duck."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">CH.</p> +<p><i>Kant's Sämmtliche Werke.</i>—Under the head of +"Books and Odd Volumes" (Vol. ii., p. 59.), there is a Query +respecting the XIth part of Kant's <i>Sämmtliche Werke</i>, to +which I beg to reply that it was published at Leipzig, in two +portions, in 1842. It consists of Kant's Letters, Posthumous +Fragments, and Biography. The work was completed by a 12th vol., +containing a history of the Kantian Philosophy, by Carl Rosenkranz, +one of the editors of this edition of Kant.</p> +<p class="author">J.M.</p> +<p><i>Becket's Mother</i> (Vol. i., pp. 415. 490.; vol. ii., p. +78.).—Although the absence of any contemporaneous relation of +this lady's romantic history may raise a reasonable doubt of its +authenticity, it seems to derive indirect confirmation from the +fact, that the hospital founded by Becket's sister shortly after +his death, on the spot where he was born, part of which is now the +Mercers' chapel in Cheapside, was called "The Hospital of St. +Thomas the Martyr <i>of Acon</i>." Erasmus, also, in his +<i>Pilgrimages to Walsingham and Canterbury</i> (see J.G. Nichol's +excellent translation and notes, pp. 47. 120.), says that the +archbishop was called "Thomas <i>Acrensis</i>."</p> +<p class="author">Edward Foss.</p> +<p><i>"Imprest" and "Debenture."</i>—Perhaps the following +may be of some use to D.V.S. (Vol. ii., p. 40.) in his search for +the verbal raw material out of which these words were +manufactured.</p> +<p>Their origin may, I think, be found in the Latin terms used in +the ancient accounts of persons <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page107" id="page107"></a>{107}</span> officially employed by the +crown to express transactions somewhat similar to those for which +they appear to be now used. Persons conversant with those records +must frequently have met with cases where money advanced, paid on +account, or as earnest, was described as "de prestito" or "in +prestitis." Ducange gives "præstare" and its derivatives as +meaning "mutuo dare" with but little variation; but I think that +too limited a sense. The practice of describing a document itself +by the use of the material or operative parts expressing or +defining the transaction for which it was employed, is very common. +In legal and documentary proceedings, it is indeed the only one +that is followed. Let D.V.S. run over and compare any of the +well-known descriptions of writs, as <i>habeas corpus</i>, +<i>mandamus</i>, <i>fi. fa.</i>: or look into Cowell's +<i>Interpreter</i>, or a law dictionary, and he will see numerous +cases where terms now known as the names of certain documents are +merely the operative parts of Latin <i>formulæ</i>. "Imprest" +seems to be a slightly corrupted translation of "in prestito;" that +part of the instrument being thus made to give its name to the +whole. Of "debenture" I think there is little doubt that it may be +similarly explained. Those Record Offices which possess the ancient +accounts and vouchers of officers of the royal household contain +numerous "debentures" of the thirteenth, but far more of the +fourteenth, century. In this case the <i>initial</i> is the chief +operative word: those relating to the royal wardrobe, commencing +"Debentur in garderoba domini regis," being in fact merely +memorandums expressing or acknowledging that certain sums of money +"are owing" for articles supplied for the use of that department. +It is well known that the royal exchequer was, at the time these +documents were executed, often in great straits; and it seems to me +scarcely doubtful that these early "debentures" were actually +delivered over to tradesmen, &c., as security for the amount +due to them, and given in to be cancelled when the debts were +discharged by the Exchequer officers.</p> +<p>There is a remarkable feature about these ancient "debentures" +which I may perhaps be permitted to notice here, viz., the very +beautiful seals of the officers of the royal household and wardrobe +which are impressed upon them. They are of the somewhat rare +description known as "appliqué;" and at a time when personal +seals were at the highest state of artistic developement, those few +seals of the clerks of the household which have escaped injury (to +which they are particularly exposed) are unrivalled for their +clearness of outline, design, delicacy, and beauty of +execution.</p> +<p>Allowing for the changes produced by time, I think sufficient +analogy may be found between the ancient and modern uses of the +words "imprest" and "debenture."</p> +<p class="author">J. BT.</p> +<p>"<i>Imprest</i>" (Vol. ii., p. 40).—D.V.S. will find an +illustration of the early application of this word to advances made +by the Treasury in the "Rotulus de <i>Prestito</i>" of 12 John, +printed by the Record Commission under the careful editorship of +Mr. T. Duffus Hardy, whose preface contains a clear definition of +its object, and an account of other existing rolls of the same +character.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD FOSS.</p> +<p><i>Derivation of News.</i>—P.C.S.S. has read with great +interest the various observations on the derivation of the word +"News" which have appeared in the "NOTES AND QUERIES," and +especially those of the learned and ingenious Mr. Hickson. He +ventures, however, with all respect, to differ from the opinion +expressed by that gentleman in Vol. i., p. 81., to the effect +that—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"In English, there is no process known by which a noun plural +can be formed from an adjective, without the previous formation of +the singular in the same sense."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>P.C.S.S. would take the liberty of reminding Mr. H. of the +following passage in the <i>Tempest</i>:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i10">"When that is gone,</p> +<p>He shall drink nought but brine, for I'll not show him</p> +<p>Where the quick freshes lie."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Surely, in this instance, the plural noun "freshes" is not +formed from any such singular noun as "<i>fresh</i>," but directly +from the adjective, which latter does not seem to have been ever +used as a singular <i>noun</i>.</p> +<p>While on the subject of "News," P.C.S.S. finds in Pepys' +<i>Diary</i> (vol. iii. p. 59.) another application of the word, in +the sense of a noun singular, which he does not remember to have +seen noticed by others.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Anon, the coach comes—in the meantime, there coming a +<i>news</i> thither, with his horse to come over."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>In other parts of the <i>Diary</i>, the word <i>News-book</i> is +occasionally employed to signify what is now termed a newspaper, +or, more properly, a bulletin. For instance (vol. iii. p. 29.), we +find that—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"This <i>News-book</i>, upon Mr. Moore's showing L'Estrange +Captain Ferrers's letter, did do my Lord Sandwich great right as to +the late victory."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>And again (at p. 51.):</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"I met this noon with Dr. Barnett, who told me, and I find in +the <i>News-book</i> this week, that he posted upon the 'Change,'" +&c. &c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Much has been lately written in the "NOTES AND QUERIES" +respecting the "Family of Love." A sect of a similar name existed +here in 1641, and a full and not very decent description of their +rites and orgies is to be found in a small pamphlet of that date, +reprinted in the fourth volume (8vo. ed.) of the <i>Harleian +Miscellany</i>.</p> +<p class="author">P.C.S.S.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page108" id= +"page108"></a>{108}</span> +<p><i>Origin of Adur</i> (Vol. ii., p. 71.).—A, derived from +the same root as Aqua and the French <i>Eau</i>, is a frequent +component of the names of rivers: "A-dur, A-run, A-von, A-mon," the +adjunct being supposed to express the individual characteristic of +the stream. <i>A-dur</i> would then mean the <i>river of oaks</i>, +which its course from Horsham Forest through the Weald of Sussex, +of which "oak is the weed," would sufficiently justify. It is +called in ancient geography <i>Adurnus</i>, and is probably from +the same root as the French <i>Adour</i>.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p>The river Adur, which passes by Shoreham, is the same name as +the Adour, a great river in the Western Pyrenees.</p> +<p>This coincidence seems to show that it is neither a Basque word, +nor a Saxon. Whether it is a mere expansion of <i>ydwr</i>, the +water, in Welch, I cannot pretend to say, but probably it includes +it.</p> +<p>We have the Douro in Spain; and the Doire, or Doria, in +Piedmont. Pompadour is clearly derived from the above French river, +or some other of the same name.</p> +<p class="author">C.B.</p> +<p><i>Meaning of Steyne</i> (Vol. ii., P. 71.).—Steyne is no +doubt <i>stone</i>, and may have reference to the original name of +Brighthelm-<i>stone</i>: but what the <i>stone</i> or "steyne" was, +I do not conjecture; but it lay or stood probably on that little +flat valley now called the "Steyne." It is said that, so late as +the time of Elizabeth, the town was encompassed by a high and +strong <i>stone wall</i>; but that could have no influence on the +name, which, whether derived from Bishop <i>Brighthelm</i> or not, +is assuredly of Saxon times. There is a small town not far distant +called <i>Steyning, i.e.</i> the meadow of the stone. In my early +days, the name was invariably pronounced Brighthamstone.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>Sarum and Barum</i> (Vol. ii., p. 21.).—As a +conjecture, I would suggest the derivation of <i>Sarum</i> may have +been this. Salisbury was as frequently written Sarisbury. The +contracted form of this was Sap., the ordinary import of which is +the termination of the Latin genitive plural <i>rum</i>. Thus an +imperfectly educated clerk would be apt to read <i>Sarum</i> +instead of Sarisburia; and the error would pass current, until one +reading was accepted for right as much as the other. In other +instances we adopt the Law Latin or Law French of mediæval +times; as the county of <i>Oxon</i> for Oxfordshire, <i>Salop</i> +for Shropshire, &c., and <i>Durham</i> is generally supposed to +be French (<i>Duresmm</i>), substituted for the Anglo-Saxon +Dunholm, in Latin <i>Dunelmum</i>. I shall perhaps be adding a +circumstance of which few readers will be aware, in remarking that +the Bishops of Durham, down to the present day, take alternately +the Latin and French signatures, <i>Duresm</i> and +<i>Dunelm</i>.</p> +<p class="author">J.G.N.</p> +<p>"<i>Epigrams on the Universities</i>" (Vol. ii., p. +88.).—The following extract frown Hartshorne's +<i>Book-rarities in the University of Cambridge</i> will fully +answer the Query of your Norwich correspondent.</p> +<p>After mentioning, the donation to that University, by George I., +of the valuable library of Dr. Moore, Bishop of Ely, which his +Majesty had purchased for 6,000 guineas, the author +adds,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"When George I. sent these books to the University, he sent at +the time a troop of horse to Oxford, which gave occasion to the +following well-known epigram from Dr. Trapp, smart in its way, but +not so clever as the answer from Sir William Browne:—</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"The King, observing, with judicious eyes,</p> +<p>The state of both his Universities,</p> +<p>To one he sent a regiment; for why?</p> +<p>That learned body wanted loyalty:</p> +<p>To th' other he sent books, as well discerning</p> +<p>How much that loyal body wanted learning."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>The Answer.</i></p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"The King to Oxford sent his troop of horse,</p> +<p>For Tories hold no argument but force:</p> +<p>With equal care to Cambridge books he sent,</p> +<p>For Whigs allow no force but argument.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>"The books were received Nov. 19, 20, &c., 1715."</p> +<p class="author">G.A.S.</p> +<p class="note">[J.J. DREDGE, V. (Belgravia), and many other +correspondents, have also kindly replied to this Query.]</p> +<p><i>Dulcarnon</i> (Vol. i., p. 254.)—<i>Urry</i> says +nothing, but quotes <i>Speght</i>, and <i>Skene</i>, and +<i>Selden</i>.</p> +<p>"<i>Dulcarnon</i>," says Speght, "is a proposition in +<i>Euclid</i> (lib. i. theor. 33. prop. 47.), which was found out +by Pythagoras after a whole years' study, and much beating of his +brain; in thankfulness whereof he sacrificed an ox to the gods, +which sacrifice he called Dulcarnon."</p> +<p><i>Neckam</i> derived it from <i>Dulia quasi sacrificium</i> and +<i>carnis</i>.</p> +<p><i>Skene</i> justly observes that the triumph itself cannot be +the point; but the word might get associated with the problem, +either considered before its solution, puzzling to +<i>Pythagoras</i>, or the demonstration, still difficult to +us,—a Pons Asinorum, like the 5th proposition.</p> +<p>Mr. <i>Selden</i>, in his preface to <i>Drayton's +Polyolbion</i>, says,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"I cannot but digresse to admonition of abuse which this learned +allusion, in his <i>Troilus</i>, by ignorance hath indured.</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"'I am till God mee better mind send,</p> +<p>At <i>Dulcarnon</i>, right at my wit's end.'</p> +</div> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p>It's not <i>Neckam</i>, or any else, that can make mee +entertaine the least thought of the signification of +<i>Dulcarnon</i> to be <i>Pythagorus</i> his sacrifice after his +geometricall theorem in finding the square of an orthogonall +triangle's sides, or that it is a word of <i>Latine</i> deduction: +but, indeed, by easier pronunciation it was made of +D'hulkarnyan<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a href= +"#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a>, i.e. <i>two-horned</i> which the +<i>Mahometan Arabians</i> <span class="pagenum"><a name="page109" +id="page109"></a>{109}</span> vie for a root in calculation, +meaning <i>Alexander</i>, as that great dictator of knowledge, +<i>Joseph Scaliger</i> (with some ancients) wills, but, by +warranted opinion of my learned friend Mr. <i>Lydyat</i>, in his +<i>Emendatio Temporum</i>, it began in <i>Seleucus Nicanor</i>, XII +yeares after <i>Alexander's</i> death. The name was applyed, either +because after time that <i>Alexander</i> had persuaded himself to +be <i>Jupiter Hammon's</i> sonne, whose statue was with +<i>Ram's</i> hornes, both his owne and his successors' coins were +stampt with horned images: or else in respect of his II pillars +erected in the East as a <i>Nihil ultra</i><a id="footnotetag6" +name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a> of +his conquest, and some say because hee had in power the Easterne +and Westerne World, signified in the two hornes. But howsoever, it +well fits the passage, either, as if hee had personated +<i>Creseide</i> at the entrance of two wayes, not knowing which to +take; in like sense as that of <i>Prodicus</i> his <i>Hercules</i>, +<i>Pythagoras</i> his <i>Y.</i>, or the Logicians <i>Dilemma</i> +expresse; or else, which is the truth of his conceit, that hee was +at a <i>nonplus</i>, as the interpretation in his next staffe makes +plaine. How many of noble <i>Chaucer's</i> readers never so much as +suspect this his short essay of knowledge, transcending the common +Rode? And by his treatise of the <i>Astrolabe</i> (which, I dare +sweare, was chiefly learned out of <i>Messahalah</i>) it is plaine +hee was much acquainted with the mathematiques, and amongst their +authors had it."</p> +</blockquote> +<p><i>D'Herbelot</i> says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>Dhoul</i> (or <i>Dhu</i>) <i>carnun</i>, <i>with the two +horns</i>, is the surname of <i>Alexander</i>, that is, of an +ancient and fabulous Alexander of the first dynasty of the +Persians. 795. Article Sedd, Tagioug and Magioug. 993. Article +Khedher. 395. b. 335. b. Fael.</p> +<p>"But 317. Escander, he says, Alexander the Great has the same +title secondarily. The truth probably is the reverse, that the +fabulous personage was taken from the real conqueror.</p> +<p>"<i>Hofmann</i>, in Seleucus, says that the area of Seleucus is +called Terik Dhylkarnain, <i>i.e.</i> Epocha Alexandri Cornigen. +Tarik means probably the date of an event."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>There can be no doubt that the word in Chaucer is this Arabic +word; nor, I think, that Speght's story is really taught by the +Arabs, our teachers in mathematics. Whether the application is from +Alexander, (they would know nothing of his date with regard to +Pythagoras), or merely from two-horned, is doubtful. The latter +might possibly mean the ox.</p> +<p>Mr. Halliwell gives a quotation from Stanyhurst, in which it +means "dull persons"—an obvious misuse of it for Englishmen, +and which Skene fortifies by an A.-S. derivation, but which is +clearly not Cressida's meaning, or she would have said, "I +<i>am</i> Dulcarnon," not "I <i>am at</i> Dulcarnon;" and so Mrs. +Roper.</p> +<p>It may seem difficult what Pandarus can mean:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Dulcarnon clepid is fleming of wretches,</p> +<p>It semith hard, for wretchis wol nought lere</p> +<p>For very slouthe, or othir wilfull tetches,</p> +<p>This said is by them that ben't worth two fetches,</p> +<p>But ye ben wise."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Whether he means that wretches call it <i>fleming</i> or not, +his argument is, "You are not a wretch." Speght's derivation seems +to mean, "Quod stultos vertit." <i>Fleamas</i>, A.-S. (Lye), is +<i>fuga</i>, <i>fugacio</i>, from <i>flean</i>, to flee. Pandarus, +I think, does not mean to give the derivation of the word, but its +application of fools, a stumbling-block, or puzzle.</p> +<p class="author">C.B.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote5" name= +"footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag5">(return)</a> +<p>Speght gives it in English letters, but Selden in Arabic.</p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote6" name= +"footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag6">(return)</a> +<p>Christman, <i>Comment. in Alfragan</i>, cap. ii. +<i>Lysimachi</i> Cornuum apud Cael. Rhodigin. <i>Antiq. lect.</i> +10. cap. xii., hic genuina interpretatio.</p> +</blockquote> +<p><i>Dr. Maginn.</i>—The best account of this most talented +but unfortunate man, is given in the <i>Dublin University Mag.</i>, +vol. xxiii. p. 72. A reprint of this article, with such additional +particulars of his numerous and dispersed productions as might be +supplied, would form a most acceptable volume.</p> +<p class="author">F.R.A.</p> +<p><i>America known to the Ancients.</i>—To the list of +authorities on this subject given in Vol. i., p. 342., I have the +pleasure to add Father Laffiteau; Bossu<a id="footnotetag7" name= +"footnotetag7"></a><a href="#footnote7"><sup>7</sup></a>, in his +<i>Travels through Louisiana</i>; and though last, not least, +Acosta, who in his <i>Naturall and Morall Historie of the East and +West Indies</i>, translated by E.G. [Grimestone], 1604, 4to., +devotes eighty-one pages to a review of the opinions of the +ancients on the new world.</p> +<p>The similarity which has been observed to exist between the +manners of several American nations, and those of some of the +oldest nations on our continent, which seems to demonstrate that +this country was not unknown in ancient times, has been traced by +Nicholls, in the first part of his <i>Conference with a Theist</i>, +in several particulars, viz. burning of the victim in sacrifices, +numbering by tens, fighting with bows and arrows, their arts of +spinning, weaving, &c. The arguments, multitudinous as they +are, adduced by Adair for his hypothesis that the American Indians +are descended from the Jews, serve to prove that the known or old +world furnished the new one with men. To these may be added the +coincidences noticed in "NOTES AND QUERIES;" burning the dead (Vol. +i., p. 308.); the art of manufacturing glass (p. 341.); scalping +(Vol. ii., p. 78.). Your correspondents will doubtless be able to +point out other instances. Besides drinking out of the skulls of +their enemies, recorded of the Scythians by Herodotus; and of the +savages of Louisiana by Bossu; I beg to mention a remarkable one +furnished by Catlin—the sufferings endured by the youths +among the Mandans, when admitted into the rank of warriors, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page110" id= +"page110"></a>{110}</span> reminding us of the probationary +exercises which the priests of Mithras forced the candidates for +initiation to undergo.</p> +<p class="author">T.J.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote7" name= +"footnote7"></a><b>Footnote 7:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag7">(return)</a> +<p>Forster, the translator of this work, annihilates the argument +for the settlement of the Welsh derived from the word "penguin" +signifying "white head," by the fact of the bird in question having +a <i>black</i>, not a <i>white</i> head!</p> +</blockquote> +<p><i>Collar of SS.</i> (Vol. ii., p. 89.).—B. will find a +great deal about these collars in some interesting papers in the +Gentleman's Magazine for 1842, vols. xvii. and xviii., conmunicated +by Mr. J.G. Nicholls; and in the Second Series of the Retrospective +Review, vol. i. p. 302., and vol. ii. pp. 156. 514. 518. Allow me +to add a Query: Who are the persons now privileged to wear these +collars? and under what circumstances, and at what dates, was such +privilege reduced to its present limitation?</p> +<p class="author">[Greek: Phi.]</p> +<p><i>Martello Towers</i> (Vol. ii., p. 9.).—A misspelling +for <i>Mortella</i> towers. They are named after a tower which +commands the entrance to the harbour of St. Fiorenzo, in Corsica; +but they are common along the coasts of the Mediterranean. They +were built along the low parts of the Sussex and Kent coasts, in +consequence of the powerful defence made by Ensign Le Tellier at +the Tower of Mortella, with a garrison of 38 men only, on 8th +February, 1794, against an attack by sea, made by the +<i>Fortitude</i> and <i>Juno</i>, part of Lord Hood's fleet, and by +land, made by a detachment of troops under Major-General Dundas. +The two ships kept up a fire for two hours and a half without +making any material impression, and then hauled out of gun-shot, +the <i>Fortitude</i> having lost 6 men killed and 56 wounded, 8 +dangerously. The troops were disembarked, and took possession of a +height comnanding the tower; and their battering was as +unsuccessful, till a hot shot fell and set fire to the bass-junk, +with which, to the depth of five feet, the immensely thick parapet +wall was lined. This induced the small garrison, of whom two were +mortally wounded, to surrender. The tower mounted only one 6 and +two 18-pounders, and the carriage of one of the latter had been +rendered unserviceable during the cannonade. (See James' <i>Naval +History</i>, vol. i. p. 285.) The towers along the English coast +extend from Hythe to Seaford, where the last tower is numbered 74, +at intervals of about a quarter of a mile, except where the coast +is protected by the cliffs. The tower at Seaford is 32 feet high, +with a circumference of 136 feet at the base, and gradually +tapering to 90 feet at the top. The wall is 6 feet thick at the top +next the sea, and 2 feet on the land side. The cost of each tower +was very large,—from 15,000<i>l.</i> to 20,000<i>l.</i> I am +not aware of any blue book on the subject; blue books were not so +much in vogue at the time of their erection, or perhaps a little +less would have been spent in these erections, and a little more +pains would have been taken to see that they were properly built. +Some have been undermined by the sea and washed down already; in +others, the facing of brick has crumbled away; and in all the +fancied security which the original tower taught us to expect would +be probably lessened were the English towers subjected to an +attack.</p> +<p class="author">WM. DURRANT COOPER.</p> +<p>"<i>A Frog he would a-wooing go</i>" (Vol. ii., p. 75.).—I +know not whether this foolish ballad is worth the notice it has +already received, but I can venture to say that the supposed Irish +version is but a modern variance from the old ballad which I +remember above sixty years, and which began—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"There was a frog lived in a well,</p> +<p class="i4">Heigho crowdie!</p> +<p>And a merry mouse in a mill,</p> +<p class="i2">With a howdie crowdie, &c. &c.</p> +<p>This frog he would a-wooing go,</p> +<p class="i4">Heigho crowdie!</p> +<p>Whether his mother would let him or no,</p> +<p class="i2">With a howdie crowdie," &c.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Of the rest of the ballad I only remember enough to be able to +say that it had little or no resemblance to the version in your +last Number.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>William of Wykeham</i> (Vol. ii., p. 89.).—1. I believe +that there is no better life of this prelate than that by Bishop +Lowth.</p> +<p>2. The public records published since he wrote give several +further particulars of Wykeham's early career, but a proper notice +of them would be too extended for your columns.</p> +<p>3. When W.H.C. recollects that New College, Oxford, the first of +the works he names, was not commenced till 1380, and that Wykeham +had then enjoyed the revenues of his rich bishopric for nearly +fourteen years, and had previously been in possession of many +valuable preferments, both lay and ecclesiastical, for fourteen +years more, he will find his third question sufficiently answered, +and cease to wonder at the accumulation of that wealth which was +applied with wise and munificent liberality to such noble and +useful objects.</p> +<p>I am not able to answer W.H.C.'s 4th and 5th questions.</p> +<p class="author">[Greek: Phi.]</p> +<p><i>Execution of Charles I.</i> (Vol. ii., p. 72.).—The +late Mr. Rodd had collected several interesting papers on this +subject; and from his well-known acquaintance with all matters +relating to English history, they are no doubt valuable. Of course +they exist. He offered them to the writer of this note, on +condition that he would prosecute the inquiry. Other engagements +prevented his availng himself of this liberal offer.</p> +<p class="author">J.M.</p> +<p>Woburn Abbey.</p> +<p><i>Swords</i> (Vol. i., p. 415.).—Swords "ceased to be +worn as an article of dress" through the influence of Beau Nash, +and were consequently first out of fashion in Bath. "We wear no +swords here," says Sir Lucius O'Trigger.</p> +<p class="author">WEDSECUARF.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page111" id= +"page111"></a>{111}</span> +<p><i>The Low Window</i> (Vol. ii., p. 55.).—In Bibury +Church, Gloucestershire, are several windows of unusual character; +and in the chancel is a narrow, low window, called to this day "the +Lepers' window," through which, it is concluded, the lepers who +knelt outside the building witnessed the elevation of the host at +the altar, as well as other functions discharged by the priest +during the celebration of mass.</p> +<p class="author">ROBERT SNOW.</p> +<p><i>Brasichelli's Expurgatory Index</i> (Vol. ii., p. +37.).—Although unable to reply to MR. SANSOM's Query, by +pointing out any public library in which he can find the Ratisbon +reprint of Brasichelli's <i>Expurgatory Index</i>, I beg to state +that I possess it, the Bergomi reprint, and also the original, and +that MR. SANSOM is perfectly welcome to a sight of either.</p> +<p class="author">C.J. STEWART</p> +<p>11. King William Street, West Strand.</p> +<p><i>Discursus Modestus</i> (Vol. i., pp. 142, +205.)—Crakanthorp, in his <i>Defens. Eccl. Angl.</i>, cap. +vi. p. 27. (A.C.L. edition), refers to <i>Discur. Compen. de +Jesuit. Angl.</i>, p. 15., and quotes from it the words, "Omnia pro +tempore, nihil pro veritate." Is this <i>Discur. Compen.</i> the +<i>Discurs. Modest.</i>? and are these words to be found in +Watson's <i>Quodlibets</i>? This would fix the identity of the two +books. It is curious that the only two references made by Bishop +Andrews to the <i>Discurs. Modest.</i> (<i>Respons. ad Apol.</i>, +pp. 7. and 117.) are to page 13., and both the statements are found +in page 81. of Watson. Crakanthorp, however (p. 532.), quotes both +the works,—<i>Discurs. Modestus de Jesuit. Anglic.</i>, and +Watson.</p> +<p>From the many different Latin titles given to this book, it +seems certain that it was originally written in English, and that +the title was Latinized according to each person's fancy. There is +no copy in the Lambeth library.</p> +<p class="author">J.B.</p> +<p><i>Melancthon's Epigram.</i>—Melancthon, in the epigram +translated by RUFUS (Vol. i., p. 422.), seems to have borrowed the +idea, or, to use the more expressive term of your "Schoolboy", to +leave cabbaged from Martial's epigram, terminating thus:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Non possunt nostros multæ Faustine lituræ,</p> +<p>Emendare jocos: una litura potest."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Martial</i>, Book iv. 10.</p> +<p class="author">NABOC.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>Miscellaneous</h2> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, &C.</h3> +<p>Mr. Bohn has just published the second volume of his very useful +and complete edition of <i>Junius' Letters</i>. It contains, in +addition to a new essay on their authorship, entitled <i>The +History and Discovery of Junius</i>, by the editor, Mr. Wade, the +Private Letters of Junius addressed to Woodfall; the Letters of +Junius to Wilkes; and the Miscellaneous Letters which have been +attributed to the same powerful pen. Mr. Wade is satisfied that Sir +Philip Francis was Junius; a theory of which it is said, "Se non e +vero e ben trovato:" and, if he does not go the length of Sir F. +Dwarris in regarding Sir P. Francis, not as the solitary champion, +but the most active of the sturdy band of politicians whose views +he advocated, he shows that he was known to and assisted by many +influential members of his own political party. Some of the most +curious points in the Junius history are illustrated by notes by +Mr. Bohn himself, who, we have no doubt will find his edition of +Junius among the most successful volumes of his Standard +Library.</p> +<p>We have received the following Catalogues:—W.S. Lincoln's +(Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Fifty-eighth Catalogue of +Cheap Books in various Departments of Literature; W. Straker's (3. +Adelaide Street, West Strand) Catalogue No. 4. 1850, Theological +Literature, Ancient and Modern; J.G. Bell's (10. Bedford Street, +Covent Garden) Catalogue of Interesting and Valuable Autograph +Letters and other Documents; John Miller's (43. Chandos Street) +Catalogue No. 8. for 1850, of Books Old and New.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> +<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h4> +<h4>(<i>In continuation of Lists in former Nos.</i>)</h4> +<p>PULLEYNE'S ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM. BARNABY GOOGE'S POPISH +KINGDOM.</p> +<h4>Odd Volumes</h4> +<p>MILMAN'S EDITION OF GIBBON'S DECLINE AND FALL. Ed. 1838. Vols. +9, 10, 11, 12.</p> +<p>DUKE OF BEDFORD'S CORRESPONDENCE. Vols. 2 and 3.</p> +<p>ARNOLD'S HISTORY OF ROME. Vol. 3.</p> +<p>LE CLERC'S BIBLIOTHEQUE CHOISIE. Vol. 6.</p> +<p>AVELLANADA'S CONTINUATION OF DON QUIXOTE, translated by Barker, +12mo. 1760. Vol. 2.</p> +<p>TOUR THROUGH GREAT BRITAIN, 12mo. 1742. Vols. 1 and 2.</p> +<p>TRISTRAM SHANDY. Vols. 7, 8, 9, and 10.</p> +<p>Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i> to be sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher Of "NOTES AND QUERIES", +186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3> +<p>P.M. <i>is referred to our</i> 27th No., p. 445., <i>where he +will learn that the supposed French original of "Not a Drum was +heard" was a clever hoax from the ready pen of Father Prout. The +date when</i> P.M. <i>read the poem, and not the</i> date it bore, +<i>is a point necessary to be established to prove its existence +"anterior to the supposed author of that beautiful poem".</i></p> +<p><i>Will the Correspondent who wished for Vol. 8. of Rushworth, +furnish his name and address, as a copy has been reported.</i></p> +<p>VOLUME THE FIRST OR NOTES AND QUERIES, <i>with Title-page and +very copious Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, +and may be had, by order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen.</i></p> +<p>Errata. In No. 34., p. 63., in reply to Delta, for "MRRIS," read +"MARRIS"; and for "MRIE" read "MARIE." No. 36., P. 83., l. 40., for +"prohibens" read "prohiben<i>te</i>".</p> +<hr class="adverts" /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page112" id= +"page112"></a>{112}</span> +<p>MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS</p> +<p>FOR JULY. Gratis as usual. Contains works on Archæology, +Antiquities, Botany, Coins, Chess, Freemasonry, Geology and +Mineralogy, Heraldry, Irish Topography, Old Plays, Phrenology, +Theatres, and Dramatic History, Wales, its History, &c., with +an extensive assortment of Books in other departments of +Literature, equally scarce, curious, and interesting.</p> +<p>JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Second Edition, cloth 1<i>s.</i></p> +<p>EASTERN CHURCHES. By the author of "Proposals for Christian +Union." "This is a very careful compilation of the latest +information of the faith and condition of the various churches of +Christ scattered through the East."—<i>Britannia.</i> "The +book is cheap, but it contains a good deal of matter, and appears a +labour of duty."—<i>Spectator.</i> "A brief, yet full and +correct, and withal a most agreeably written account, of the +different Eastern Churches."—<i>Nottingham Journal.</i></p> +<p>JAMES DARLING, Great Queen-street, Lincoln's Inn Fields.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Preparing for publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo.</p> +<p>THE FOLK-LORE of ENGLAND. By William J. Thoms, F.S.A., Secretary +of the Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and +Legends of all Nations," &c. One object of the present work is +to furnish new contributions to the History of our National +Folk-Lore; and especially some of the more striking Illustrations +of the subject to be found in the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other +Continental Antiquaries.</p> +<p>Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable +Customs and Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are +earnestly solicited, and will be thankfully acknowledged by the +Editor. They may be addressed to the care of Mr. BELL, Office of +"NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Vols. I. and II. 8vo., price 28<i>s.</i> cloth.</p> +<p>THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND; from the TIME of the CONQUEST. By EDWARD +FOSS, F.S.A. "A work in which a subject of great historical +importance is treated with the care, diligence, and learning it +deserves; in which Mr. Foss has brought to light many points +previously unknown, corrected many errors, and shown such ample +knowledge of his subject as to conduct it successfully through all +the intricacies of a difficult investigation, and such taste and +judgement as will enable him to quit, when occasion requires, the +dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to his work, +as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a philosophical +history."—<i>Gent. Mag.</i></p> +<p>London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.</p> +<hr /> +<p>THE PRIMÆVAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND ILLUSTRATED BY THOSE +OF DENMARK.</p> +<p>THE PRIMÆVAL ANTIQUITIES OF DENMARK. By J.J.A. WORSAAE, +Member of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Copenhagen. +Translated and applied to the illustration of similar Remains in +England, by WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden +Society. With numerous Woodcuts. 8vo. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>"The best antiquarian handbook we have ever met with—so +clear is its arrangement, and so well and so plainly is each +subject illustrated by well executed engravings.... It is the joint +production of two men who have already distinguished themselves as +authors and antiquarians."—<i>Morning Herald.</i></p> +<p>"A book of remarkable interest and ability.... Mr. Worsaae's +book is in all ways a valuable addition to our literature.... Mr. +Thoms has executed the translation in flowing and idiomatic +English, and has appended many curious and interesting notes and +observations of his own."—<i>Guardian.</i></p> +<p>"The work, which we desire to commend to the attention of our +readers, is signally interesting to the British antiquary. Highly +interesting and important work."—<i>Archæological +Journal.</i></p> +<p>See also the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for February 1850.</p> +<p>Oxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER, and 337. Strand, London.</p> +<hr /> +<p>REV. WILLIAM MASKELL's LIBRARY.</p> +<p>Shortly will be published,</p> +<p>A CATALOGUE OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN THEOLOGY; including some of +the rarest productions of our early English Divines, and embracing +the various controversies between the Puritans and the Churches of +Rome and England, the works of the Nonjurors, the best Liturgical +Commentators, Ecclesiastical Historians, Fathers of the Church, +Schoolmen, Councils, &c, many of them of extreme rarity, and +forming the Library of the Rev. William Maskell, late Vicar of St. +Mary Church, Torquay, together with other recent purchases, now on +Sale by J. LESLIE, 58. Great Queen-street, Lincoln's Inn.</p> +<p>N.B.—Gentlemen desirous of receiving this Catalogue are +respectfully requested to forward their names to the Publisher, +with twelve postage stamps to pre-pay the same.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Now ready, containing 149 Plates, royal 8vo. 28<i>s.</i>; folio, +2<i>l.</i> 5<i>s.</i>; India Paper, 4<i>l.</i> 4<i>s.</i></p> +<p>The MONUMENTAL BRASSES of ENGLAND: a series of Engravings upon +Wood, from every variety of these interesting and valuable +Memorials, accompanied with Descriptive Notices.</p> +<p>By the Rev. C. BOUTELI. M.A. Rector of Downham Market.</p> +<p>Part XII., completing the work, price 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; +folio, 12<i>s.</i>; India paper, 24<i>s.</i></p> +<p>By the same Author, royal 8vo., 15<i>s.</i>; large paper, +21<i>s.</i></p> +<p>MONUMENTAL BRASSES and SLABS: an Historical and Descriptive +Notice of the Incised Monumental Memorials of the Middle Ages. With +upwards of 200 Engravings.</p> +<p>"A handsome large octavo volume, abundantly supplied with +well-engraved woodcuts and lithographic plates; a sort of +Encyclopædia for ready reference.... The whole work has a +look of painstaking completeness highly +commendable."—<i>Athenæum.</i></p> +<p>"One of the most beautifully got up and interesting volumes we +have seen for a long time. It gives, in the compass of one volume, +an account of the history of these beautiful monuments of former +days.... The illustrations are extremely well +chosen."—<i>English Churchman.</i></p> +<p>A few copies only of this work remain for sale; and, as it will +not be reprinted in the same form and at the same price, the +remaining copies are raised in price. Early application for the +Large Paper Edition is necessary.</p> +<p>By the same Author, to be completed in Four Parts,</p> +<p>CHRISTIAN MONUMENTS in ENGLAND and WALES: an Historical and +Descriptive Sketch of the various classes of Monumental Memorials +which have been in use in this country from about the time of the +Norman Conquest. Profusely illustrated with Wood Engravings. Part +I. price 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; Part II. 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>"A well conceived and executed +work."—<i>Ecclesiologist.</i></p> +<hr /> +<p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at +No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City +of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, +in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, +Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, July +13. 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 37. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 37. Saturday, July 13, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: October 12, 2004 [EBook #13729] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 37. *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team and The Internet Library of Early Journals, + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 37.] SATURDAY, JULY 13, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {97} + + +CONTENTS + +NOTES:-- + The Author of the "Characteristics" by W.D. Christie. 97 + Caxton's Printing office, by R.F. Rimbault. 99 + Sanatory Laws in other Days. 99 + Folk Lore:--Midsummer Fires. 101 + Minor Notes:--Borrowed Thoughts--An Infant Prodigy + in 1659--Allusion in Peter Martyr--Hogs not + Pigs. 101 + +QUERIES:-- + A Query and Replies, by H. Walter. 102 + Letters of Queen Elizabeth and Philip II. of Spain. 102 + Minor Queries:--The New Temple--"Junius Identified"--Mildew + in Books--George Herbert's Burialplace--The Earl of Essex + and "The Finding of the Rayned Deer"--The Lass of Richmond + Hill--Curfew--Alumni of Oxford, Cambridge, and Winchester--St. + Leger's Life of Archbishop Walsh--Query put to a Pope--The + Carpenter's Maggot--Lord Delamere--Henry and the Nutbrown Maid. 103 + +REPLIES:-- + French Poem by Malherbe, by S.W. Singer. 104 + "Dies Irae, Dies Illa." 105 + Dr. Samuel Ogden, by J.H. Markland. 105 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Porson's Imposition--The + Three Dukes--Kant's Saemmtliche Werke--Becket's + Mother--"Imprest" and "Debenture"--Derivation + of "News"--Origin of Adur--Meaning of + Steyne--Sarum and Barum--Epigrams on the + Universities--Dulcarnon--Dr. Magian--America + known to the Ancients--Collar of SS.--Martello + Towers--"A Frog he would a-wooing go"--William + of Wykeham--Execution of Charles I.--Swords--The + Low Window--Brasichelli's Expurgatory Index--Discursus + Modestus--Melancthon's Epigram. 106 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, Sales, &c. 111 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 111 + Notices to Correspondents. 111 + Advertisements. 112 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES + +THE AUTHOR OF THE "CHARACTERISTICS." + +Lord Shaftesbury's _Letters to a young Man at the University_, on which +Mr. SINGER has addressed to you an interesting communication (Vol. ii., +p. 33.), were reprinted in 1746 in a collection of his letters, +"_Letters of the Earl of Shaftesbury, author of the Characteristicks, +collected into one volume_: printed MDCCXLVI." 18mo. This volume +contains also Lord Shaftesbury's letters to Lord Molesworth, originally +published by Toland, with an introduction which is not reprinted; a +"Letter sent from Italy, with the notion of the Judgment of Hercules, +&c., to my Lord ----"; and three letters reprinted from Lord +Shaftesbury's life in the _General Dicionary_, which was prepared by Dr. +Kippis, under the superintendence of Lord Shaftesbury's son, the fourth +earl. + +In my copy of the original edition of the _Letters to a young Man at the +University_, two letters have been transcribed by an unknown previous +possessor. One is to Bishop Burnet, recommending young Ainsworth when +about to be ordained deacon:-- + + "To the Bishop of Sarum. + + "Reigate, May 23. 1710. + + "My Lord,--The young man who delivers this to your Lordship, is + one who for several years has been preparing himself for the + ministry, and in order to it has, I think, completed his time at + the university. The occasion of his applying this way was purely + from his own inclination. I took him a child from his poor + parents, out of a numerous and necessitous family, into my own, + employing him in nothing servile; and finding his ingenuity, put + him abroad to the best schools to qualify him for preferment in + a peculiar way. But the serious temper of the lad disposing him, + as I found, to the ministry preferably to other advantages, I + could not be his hindrance; though till very lately I gave him + no prospect of any encouragement through my interest. But having + been at last convinced, by his sober and religious courage, his + studious inclination and meek behaviour, that 'twas real + principle and not a vanity or conceit that led him into these + thoughts, I am resolved, in case your lordship thinks him worthy + of the ministry, to procure him a benefice as soon as anything + happens in my power, and in the mean time design to keep him as + my chaplain in my family. + + "I am, my Lord, &c., + + "SHAFTESBURY." + +The second letter inserted in my copy is to Ainsworth himself, dated +Reigate, 11th May, 1711, and written when he was about to apply for +priest's orders. But the bulk of this letter is printed, with a +different beginning and ending, in the tenth printed letter, under date +July 10th, 1710, and is there made to apply to Ainsworth's having just +received deacon's orders. The beginning, and ending of the letter, as in +MS., are-- + + "I am glad the time is come that you are to receive full orders, + and that you hope it from the hands of our {98} great, worthy, + and excellent Bishop, the Lord of Salisbury. This is one of the + circumstances" [then the letter proceeds exactly as in the + printed Letter X., and the MS. letter concludes:] "God send you + all true Christianity, with that temper, life, and manners which + become it. + + "I am, your hearty friend, + + "SHAFTESBURY." + +I quote the printed beginning of Letter X., on account of the eulogy on +Bishop Burnet:-- + + "I believed, indeed, it was your expecting me every day at ---- + that prevented your writing since you received orders from the + good Bishop, my Lord of Salisbury; who, as he has done more than + any man living for the good and honour of the Church of England + and the Reformed Religion, so he now suffers more than any man + from the tongues and slander of those ungrateful Churchmen, who + may well call themselves by that single term of distinction, + having no claim to that of Christianity or Protestant, since + they have thrown off all the temper of the former and all + concern or interest with the latter. I hope whatever advice the + great and good Bishop gave you, will sink deeply into your + mind." + +Mr. Singer has extracted from the eighth printed letter one or two +sentences on Locke's denial of innate ideas. A discussion of Locke's +views on this subject, or of Lord Shaftesbury's contrary doctrine of a +"moral sense," is not suited to your columns; and I only wish to say +that I think Mr. Singer has not made it sufficiently clear that Lord +Shaftesbury's remarks apply only to the speculative consequences, +according to his own view, of a denial of innate ideas; and that Lord +Shaftesbury, in another passage of the same Letters, renders the +following tribute of praise to the _Essay on the Human Understanding_:-- + + "I am not sorry that I lent you Mr. Locke's _Essay on the Human + Understanding_, which may as well qualify for business and the + world as for the sciences and a University. No one has done more + towards the recalling of philosophy from barbarity into use and + practice of the world, and into the company of the better and + politer sort, who might well be ashamed of it in its other + dress. No one has opened a better or clearer way to reasoning; + and, above all, I wonder to hear him censured so much by any + Church of England men, for advancing reason and bringing the use + of it so much into religion, when it is by this only that we + fight against the enthusiasts and repel the great enemies of our + Church." + +A life of the author of the _Characteristics_ is hardly less a +desideratum than that of his grandfather, the Lord Chancellor, and would +make an interesting work, written in connection with the politics as +well as literature of the reigns of William and Anne; for the third Lord +Shaftesbury, though prevented by ill-health from undertaking office or +regularly attending parliament, took always a lively interest in +politics. An interesting collection of the third earl's letters has been +published by Mr. Foster (_Letters of Locke, Algernon Sidney, and the +Earl of Shaftesbury_), and a few letters from him to Locke are in Lord +King's _Life of Locke_. I subjoin a "note" of a few original letters of +the third Lord Shaftesbury in the British Museum; some of your readers +who frequent the British Museum may perhaps be induced to copy them for +your columns. + +Letters to Des Maizeaux (one interesting, offering him pecuniary +assistance) in _Ags. Cat._ MSS. 4288. + +Letters to Charles Montagu, Earl of Halifax[1], (one introducing +Toland). Add. MSS. 7121. + +Letter to Toland (printed, I think, in one of the _Memoirs of Toland_). +_Ags. Cat._ 4295. 10. + +Letter to T. Stringer in 1625. Ib. 4107. 115. + +In Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_, neither the _Letters to a young Man +at the University_, published in 1716, nor the collection of letters of +1746, are mentioned; and confusion is made between the author of the +_Characteristics_ and his grandfather the Chancellor. Several political +tracts, published during the latter part of Charles II.'s reign, which +have been ascribed to the first Earl of Shaftesbury, but of which, +though they were probably written under his supervision, it is extremely +doubtful that he was the actual author, are lumped together with the +_Characteristics_ as the works of one and the same Earl of Shaftesbury. + +Some years ago a discovery was made in Holland of MSS. of Le Clerc, and +some notice of the MSS., and extracts from them, are to be found in the +following work:-- + + "De Joanne Clerico et Philippo A. Limborch Dissertationes Duae. + Adhibitis Epistolis aliisque Scriptis ineditis scripsit atque + eruditorum virorum epistolis nunc primum editis auxit Abr. Des + Amorie Van Der Hoeven, &c. Amstelodami: apud Fredericum Muller, + 1843." + +Two letters of Locke are among the MSS. Now it is mentioned by Mr. +Martyn, the biographer of the first Earl of Shaftesbury, in a MS. letter +in the British Museum, that some of this earl's papers were sent by the +family to Le Clerc, and were supposed not to have been returned. I +mention this, as I perceive you have readers and correspondents in +Holland, in the hope that I may possibly learn whether any papers +relating to the first Earl of Shaftesbury have been found among the +lately discovered Le Clerc MSS.; and it is not unlikely that the same +MSS. might contain letters of the third earl, the author of the +_Characteristics_, who was a friend and correspondent of Le Clerc. + +W.D. CHRISTIE. + + [Footnote 1: Two of these--one a letter asking the earl to stand + godfather to his son, and the other a short note, forwarding a + book (Qy. of Toland's)--are printed by Sir Henry Ellis in his + Camden volume, _Letters of Eminent Literary Men_.--ED.] + + * * * * * {99} + +CAXTON'S PRINTING-OFFICE. + +The particular spot where Caxton exercised his business, or the place +where his press was fixed, cannot now, perhaps, be exactly ascertained. +Dr. Dibdin, after a careful examination of existing testimonies, thinks +it most probable that he erected his press in one of the chapels +attached to the aisles of Westminster Abbey; and as no remains of this +interesting place can now be discovered, there is a strong presumption +that it was pulled down in making alterations for the building of Henry +VII.'s splendid chapel. + +It has been frequently asserted that all Caxton's books were printed in +a part of Westminster Abbey; this must be mere conjecture, because we +find no statement of it from himself: he first mentions the place of his +printing in 1477, so that he must have printed some time without +informing us where. + +With all possible respect for the opinions of Dr. Dibdin, and the +numerous writers on our early typography, I have very considerable +doubts as to whether Caxton really printed _within the walls of the +Abbey_ at all. I am aware that he himself says, in some of his +colophons, "Emprinted in th' Abbey of Westmynstre," but query whether +the _precincts_ of the Abbey are not intended? Stow, in his _Annals_ +(edit 1560, p. 686.), says,--"William Caxton of London, mercer, brought +it (printing) into England about the year 1471, and first practised the +same in the _Abbie_ of St. Peter at Westminster;" but in his _Survey of +London_, 1603 (edit. Thoms, p. 176.), the same writer gives us a more +full and particular account; it is as follows:-- + + "Near unto this house [i.e. Henry VII.'s alms-house], westward, + was an old chapel of St. Anne; over against the which, the Lady + Margaret, mother to King Henry VII., erected an alms-house for + poor women, which is now turned into lodgings for the singing + men of the college. The place wherein this chapel and alms-house + standeth was called the Elemosinary, or almonry, now corruptly + the ambry, for that the alms of the Abbey were there distributed + to the poor; and therein Islip, abbot of Westminster, erected + the first press of book-printing that ever was in England, about + the year of Christ 1471. William Caxton, citizen of London, + mercer, brought it into England, and was the first that + practised it _in the said abbey_; after which time the like was + practised in the abbeys of St. Augustine at Canterbury, St. + Albans, and other monasteries." + +Again, in the curious hand-bill preserved in the Bodleian Library, it +will be remembered that Caxton invites his customers to "come to +Westmonester _into the Almonestrye_," where they may purchase his books +"good chepe." + +From these extracts it is pretty clear that Caxton's printing-office was +in the Almonry, which was within the precincts of the Abbey, and not in +the Abbey itself. The "old chapel of St. Anne" was doubtless the place +where the first printing-office was erected in England. Abbot Milling +(not Islip, as stated by Stow) was the generous friend and patron of +Caxton and the art of printing; and it was by permission of this learned +monk that our printer was allowed the use of the building in question. + +The _old_ chapel of St. Anne stood in the New-way, near the back of the +workhouse, at the bottom of the almonry leading to what is now called +Stratton Ground. It was pulled down, I believe, about the middle of the +seventeenth century. The _new_ chapel of St. Anne, erected in 1631, near +the site of the old one, was destroyed about fifty years since. + +Mr. Cunningham, in his _Handbook for London_ (vol. i. p. 17.), says,-- + + "The first printing-press ever seen in England was set up in + this almonry under the patronage of _Esteney_, Abbot of + Westminster, by William Caxton, citizen and mercer (d. 1483)." + +Esteney succeeded Milling in the Abbacy of Westminster, but the latter +did not die before 1492. On p. 520. of his second volume, Mr. Cunninghan +gives the date of Caxton's death correctly, i.e. 1491. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +SANATORY LAWS IN OTHER DAYS. + +In that curious medley commonly designated, after Hearne, _Arnold's +Chronicle_, and which was probably first printed in 1502 or 1503, we +find the following passages. I make "notes" of them, from their peculiar +interest at the moment when sanatory bills, having the same objects, are +occupying the public attention so strongly; especially in respect to the +Smithfield Nuisance and the Clergy Discipline bill. + +1. In a paper entitled "The articles dishired bi y'e comonse of the cety +of London, for reformacyo of thingis to the same, of the Mayer, +Aldirmen, and Comon Counsell, to be enacted," we have the following:-- + + "Also that in anoyding the corupte savours and lothsom innoyaunc + (caused by slaughter of best) w'tin the cyte, wherby moche + people is corupte and infecte, it may plese my Lord Mayr, + Aldirmen, and Comen Counsaile, to put in execucion a certaine + acte of parlement, by whiche it is ordeigned y't no such + slaughter of best shuld be vsed or had within this cite, and + that suche penaltees be leuyed vpo the contrary doers as in the + said acte of parlement ben expressed. + + "Also in anoyding of lyke annoyauce. Plese it my Lord Mair, + Alderme, and Como Councell, to enact that noo manor pulter or + any other persone i this cytee kepe from hinsforth, within his + hous, swans, gies, or dowk, upon a peyn therfore to be + ordeigned."--pp. 83, 84, 3d. ed. + +I believe that one item of "folk-faith" is that "farm-yard odours are +healthy." I have often {100} heard it affirmed at least; and, indeed, +has not the common councilman, whom the _Times_ has happily designated +as the "defender of filth", totally and publicly staked his reputation +on the dogma in its most extravagant shape, within the last few months? +It is clear that nearly four centuries ago, the citizens of London +thought differently; even though "the corupte savours and lothsom +innoyaunc" were infinitely less loathsome than in the present Smithfield +and the City slaughter-houses. + +It would be interesting to know to what act of parliament Arnold's +citizens refer, and whether it has ever been repealed. It is curious to +notice, too, that the danger from infuriated beasts running wild through +the streets is not amongst the evils of the system represented. They go +further, however, and forbid even the _killing_ within the city. + +Moreover, it would really seem that the swan was not then a mere +ornamental bird, either alive or dead, but an ordinary article of +citizen-dinners, it being classed with "gies and dowks" in the business +of the poulterer. At the same time, no mention being made of swine in +any of these ordonnances or petitions, would at first sight seem to show +that the flesh of the hog was in abhorrence with the Catholic citizen, +as much perhaps as with the Jews themselves; at any rate, that it was +not a vendible article of food in those days. When did it become so? +This conclusion would, however, be erroneous; for amongst "the articles +of the good governauce of the cite of London" shortly following we have +this:-- + + "Also yf ony persone kepe or norrysh hoggis, oxen, kyen, or + mallardis within the ward, in noyoying of ther neyhbours."--p. + 91. + +The proper or appointed place for keeping hoggis was Hoggistone, now +Hoxton; as Houndsditch[2] was for the hounds. + +There is another among these petitions to the Lord Mayor and +corporation, worthy of notice, in connection with sanatory law. + + "Also in avoydig ye abhomynable savours causid by ye kepig of ye + kenell in ye mote and ye diches there, and i especiall by sethig + of ye houndes mete wt roten bones, and vnclenly keping of ye + houdes, wherof moche people is anoyed, soo yt when the wynde is + in any poyte of the northe, all the fowle stynke is blowen ouer + the citee. Plese it mi Lord Mair, Aldirmen, and Comen Coucell, + to ordeigne that the sayd kenell be amoued and sett in so other + couenient place where as best shall seme them. And also that the + said diches mai be clensed from yere to yere, and so kepte yt + thereof folowe non annoyaunce."--p. 87. + +Of course "Houndsditch" is here meant; but for what purpose were the +hounds kept? And, indeed, what kind of hounds were they, that thus +formed a part of the City establishment? Were they bloodhounds for +tracking criminals, or hounds kept for the special behoof and pleasure +of the "Lord Mair, Aldermen, and Comen Cousel?" The Houndsditch of that +time bore a strong resemblance to the Fleet ditch of times scarcely +exceeding the memory of many living men. + +I come now to the passages relating to the clergy. + + "Also, where as the curatis of the cyte have used often tyme + herebefore to selle their offring (at mariag), whereby the + pisshes where such sales be made comenly be lettid fro messe or + matyns, and otherwhiles from both, by so moch as the frendis of + the pties maryed vsen to goo abowte vij. or viij. dayes before, + and desiryg men to offryg at such tymes as more conuenyent it + were to be at diunyne seruice. Plese it my Lord Mair, Aldirme, + and Come Couseile, to puide remedy, so that the sayd custume be + fordone and leid aparte."--p. 86. + + "Also, to thentent that the ordre of priesthood be had in dew + reuerence according to the dignite therof, and that none + occasions of incontinence growe bee the famylyarite of seculer + people. Plese it my Lord Mayre, Aldirmen, and Comon Counsyll, to + enacte that no maner persone beyng free of this citee take, + receyue, and kepe from hensforth ony priest in comons, or to + borde by the weke, moneth, or yere, or ony other terme more or + lesse, vpon peine thervpon to be lymytyd, prouided that this + acte extede not to ony prieste retayned wyth a citezen in + famyliar housolde."--p. 89. + + "Also, plese it my Lord Mayre, Aldyrmen, and Comon Counseylle, + that a communication may be had wyth the curatis of this citee + for oblacions whiche they clayme to haue of citezens agaynst the + tenour of the bulle purchased att their owne instance, and that + it may be determined and an ende taken, whervpon the citezens + shall rest."--p. 89. + + "Also, yf ther be ony priest in seruice within the warde, which + afore tyme hath been sette in the toune in Cornhyll for his + dishoneste, and hath forsworne the cyte, alle suche shulde bee + presentyd."--p. 92. + +Upon these I shall make no remark. They will make different impressions +on different readers; according to the extent of prejudice or liberality +existing in different minds. They show that even during the most +absolute period of ecclesiastical domination, there was one spot in +England where attempts to legislate for the priesthood (though perhaps +feeble enough) were made. The legislative {101} powers of the +corporation were at that time very ample; and the only condition by +which they appear to have been limited was, that they should not +override an act of parliament or a royal proclamation. + +Is there any specific account of the "tonne in Cornhyll" existing? Its +purpose, in connection with the conduit, admits of no doubt; the +forsworn and dishonest priest had been punished with a "good ducking," +and this, no doubt, accompanied with a suitable ceremonial for the +special amusement of the "'prentices."[3] + +I have also marked a few passages relative to the police and the fiscal +laws of those days, and when time permits, will transcribe them for you, +if you deem them worthy of being laid before your readers. + +T.S.D. + + [Footnote 2: Mr. Cunningham, speaking of Houndsditch, merely + quotes the words of Stow. It would appear that Stow's reason for + the name is entirely conjectural; and indeed the same reason + would justify the same name being applied to all the "ditches" + in London in the year 1500, and indeed much later. This passage + of Arnold throws a new light upon the _name_, at least, of that + rivulet; for stagnant its waters could not be, from its + inclination to the horizon. It, however, raises another question + respecting the mode of keeping and feeding hounds in those days; + and likewise, as suggested in the text, the further question, as + to the purpose for which these hounds were thus kept as a part + of the civic establishment.] + + [Footnote 3: This view will no doubt be contested on the + authority of Stow, who describes the tonne as a "prison for + night-walkers," so called from the form in which it was built. + (Cunningham, p. 141., 2nd ed.) Yet, as Mr. Cunningham elsewhere + states (p. xxxix.), "the Tun upon Corn-hill [was] converted into + a conduit" in 1401, it would hardly be called a "prison" a + century later. The probability is, that the especial building + called the tonne never was a prison at all; but that the prison, + from standing near or adjoining the tonne, took its name, the + tonne prison, in conformity with universal usage. It is equally + probable that the tonne was originally built for the purpose to + which it was ultimately applied; and that some delay arose in + its use from the difficulty experienced in the hydraulic part of + the undertaking, which was only overcome in 1401. The + universality of the punishment of "ducking" amongst our + ancestors is at least a circumstance in favour of the view taken + in the text.] + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Midsummer Fires._--From your notice of Mr. Haslam's account of the +Beltein or Midsummer fires in Cornwall, I conclude you will give a place +to the following note. On St. John's eve last past, I happened to pass +the day at a house situate on an elevated tract in the county of +Kilkenny, Ireland; and I shall long remember the beauty of the sight, +when, as dusk closed in, fire after fire shot up its clear flame, +thickly studding the near plains and distant hills. The evening was calm +and still, and the mingled shouts and yells of the representatives of +the old fire-worshippers came with a very singular effect on the ear. +When a boy, I have often _passed through_ the fire myself on Midsummer +eve, and such is still the custom. The higher the flame, the more daring +the act is considered: hence there is a sort of emulation amongst the +unwitting perpetrators of this Pagan rite. In many places cattle are +driven through the fire; and this ceremony is firmly believed to have a +powerful effect in preserving them from various harms. I need not say, +that amongst the peasantry the fires are now lighted in honour of St +John. + +X.Y.A. + +Kilkenny. + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Borrowed Thoughts._--Mr. SINGER (Vol. i., p. 482.) points out the +French original from which Goldsmith borrowed his epigram beginning-- + + "Here lies poor Ned Purdon." + +I find, in looking over Swift's works, a more literal version of this +than Goldsmith's:-- + + "Well then, poor G---- lies under ground, + So there's an end of honest Jack; + So little justice here he found, + 'Tis ten to one he'll ne'er come back." + +I should like to add two Queries:--Who was the Chevallier de Cailly (or +d'Aceilly), the author of the French epigram mentioned by Mr. Singer? +And--when did he live? + +H.C. DE ST. CROIX + + +_An Infant Prodigy in 1659._--The following wonderful story is thus +related by Archbishop Bramhall (Carte's _Letters_, ii. 208.: Dr. +Bramhall to Dr. Earles, Utrecht, Sept. 6-16, 1659):-- + + "A child was born in London about three months since, with a + double tongue, or divided tongue, which the third day after it + was born, cried 'a King, a King,' and bid them bring it to the + King. The mother of the child saieth it told her of all that + happened in England since, and much more which she dare not + utter. This my lady of Inchiguin writeth to her aunt, _Me brow + van Melliswarde_[4], living in this city, who shewed me the + letter. My Lady writeth that she herself was as incredulous as + any person, until she both saw and heard it speak herself very + lately, as distinctly as she herself could do, and so loud that + all the room heard it. That which she heard was this. A + gentleman in the company took the child in his arms and gave it + money, and asked what it would do with it, to which it answered + aloud that it would give it to the King. If my Lady were so + foolish to be deceived, or had not been an eye and ear witness + herself, I might have disputed it; but giving credit to her, I + cannot esteem it less than a miracle. If God be pleased to + bestow a blessing upon us, he cannot want means." + +It can hardly be doubted that the Archbishop's miracle was a +ventriloquist hoax. + +CH. + + [Footnote 4: The name of the Dutch lady, mis-written for De + Vrouw, &c.] + + +_Allusion in Peter Martyr._--Mr. Prescott, in his _History of the +Conquest of Mexico_ vol. i. p. 389. (ed. 8vo. 1843), quotes from Peter +Martyr, _De Orbe Novo_, dec. 1. c. l., the words, "Una illis fuit spes +salutis, desperasse de salute," applied to the Spanish invaders of +Mexico; and he remarks that "it is said with the classic energy of +Tacitus." The {102} expression is classical, but is not derived from +Tacitus. The allusion is to the verse of Virgil:-- + + "Una salus victis nullam sperare salutem." + +_AEn._ ii. 354. + +L. + + +_Hogs not Pigs._--In Cowper's humorous verses, "The yearly Distress, or +Tithing-time at Stoke in Essex," one of the grumblers talks + + "of pigs that he has lost + By maggots at the tail." + +Upon this I have to remark that an intelligent grazier assures me that +pigs are never subject to the evil here complained of, but that lambs of +a year old, otherwise called "hogs" or "hoggets," are often infested by +it. It would appear, therefore, that the poet, misled by the ambiguous +name, and himself knowing nothing of the matter but by report, +attributed to pigs that which happens to the other kind of animal, viz. +lambs a year old, which have not yet been shorn. + +J. MN. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +A QUERY AND REPLIES. + +_Plaister or Paster--Christian Captives--Members for Calais, &c._--In +editing Tyndale's _Pathway_ (_Works_, vol. i. p. 22.), I allowed +preceding editors to induce me to print _pastor_, where the oldest +authority had _paster_. As the following part of the sentence speaks of +"suppling and suaging wounds," I am inclined to suspect that "paster" +might be an old way of spelling, "plaster." Can any of your +correspondents supply me with any instance in which "plaster" or +"plaister" is spelt "paster" by any old English writer? + +In return for troubling you with this question, you may inform Mr. +Sansom, in answer to Query, Vol. ii., p. 41., that Hallam says, "Not +less than fifty gentlemen were sold for slaves at Barbadoes, under +Cromwell's government." (_Constit. Hist._, ch. x. note to p. 128., 4to. +edit.) And though Walker exaggerated matters when he spoke "a project to +sell some of the most eminent masters of colleges, &c., to the Turks for +slaves," Whitelock's _Memorials_ will inform him, under date of Sept. +21, 1648, that the English Parliament directed one of its committees "to +take care for transporting the Scotch prisoners, in the first place to +supply the plantations, and to send the rest to Venice." + +To another, O.P.Q. (Vol. ii., p. 9.), you may state that the members for +Calais in the time of Edw. VI., and in the first four parliaments of +Mary, may be seen in Willis' _Notitia Parliamentaria_, where their names +are placed next to the members for the Cinque Ports. Willis states that +the return for Calais for the last parliament of Henry VIII is lost. +Their names indicate that they were English,--such as Fowler, +Massingberd, &c. + +As to umbrellas, there are Oriental scholars who can inform your +inquirers that the word "satrap" is traceable to words whose purport is, +the bearer of an umbrella. + +Another of your latest Querists may find the epigrams on George II.'s +(not, as he imagines, Charles I.'s) different treatment of the two +English universities in Knox's _Elegent Extracts_. The lines he has +cited are both from the same epigram, and, I think, from the first of +the two. They were occasioned by George. II's purchasing the library of +Dr. Moore, Bishop of Ely, and giving it to the university of Cambridge. + +The admirer of another epigram has not given it exactly as I can +remember it in a little book of emblems more than fifty years ago:-- + + "'Tis an excellent world that we live in, + To lend, to spend, or to give in; + But to borrow or beg, or get a man's own, + 'Tis just the worst world that ever was known." + +H. WALTER. + + * * * * * + +LETTERS OF QUEEN ELIZABETH AND PHILIP II. OF SPAIN. + +Perhaps some of your readers may be able to inform me whether any of the +following letters between Queen Elizabeth and Philip II. of Spain, +extracted from the archives of Simancas, have yet appeared in print:-- + +1. Queen Elizabeth to Philip II., January 9, 1562-3. + +2. Answer, April 2, 1563. + +3. Philip II.'s reply to the English ambassador in the case of Bishop +Cuadra, April, 1563. + +4. Charges made in England against the Bishop of Aquila, Philip's +ambassador, and the answers. + +5. Queen Elizabeth to Philip II., January 18, 1569. + +6. Philip to Elizabeth, May 9, 1569. + +7. Elizabeth to Philip, March 20, 1571. + +8. Answer, June 4, 1571. + +9. Declaration of the Council to the Spanish ambassador Don Gueran de +Espes, Dec. 14, 1571. + +10. The ambassador's answer. + +11. Elizabeth to Philip, Dec. 16, 1571. + +12. Bermandino de Mendoza to Philip II., in cypher, London, January 26, +1584. + +13. Philip to Elizabeth, July, 16, 1568. + +14. Duke of Alva to Philip II., January 14, 1572. + +15. Minutes of a letter from Philip II. to Don Gueran de Espes, February +24, 1572. + +A.M. + + * * * * * {103} + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_The New Temple._--As your correspondent L.B.L. states (Vol. ii., p. +75.) that he has transcribed a MS. survey of the Hospitallers' lands in +England, taken in 1338, he will do me a great kindness if he will +extract so much of it as contains a description of the New Temple in +London, of which they became possessed just before that date. It will +probably state whether it was then in the occupation of themselves or +others: and, even if it does not throw any light on the tradition that +the lawyers were then established there, or explain the division into +the Inner and Middle Temple, it will at least give some idea of the +boundaries, and perhaps determine whether the site of Essex House, +which, in an ancient record is called the Outer Temple, was then +comprehended within them. + +EDWARD FOSS. + + +"_Junius Identified._"--The name of "John Taylor" is affixed to the +Preface, and there can be little doubt, I presume, that Mr. John Taylor +was literally _the writer_ of this work. It has, however, already become +a question of some interest, to what extent he was assisted by Mr. +Dubois. The late Mr. George Woodfall always spoke of the pamphlet as the +work of Dubois. Lord Campbell, in his _Lives of the Chancellors_, +published a statement by Lady Francis in respect to Sir Philip's claim +to the authorship of _Junius' Letters_, and thus introduced it--"I am +indebted for it to the kindness of my old and excellent friend, Mr. +Edward Dubois, _the ingenious author of 'Junius Identified'_" Mr. Dubois +was then, and Mr. Taylor is now living, and both remained silent. Sir +Fortunatus Dwarris, the intimate friend of Dubois, states that he was +"_a connection_ of Sir Philip Francis", and that the pamphlet is "said, +I know not with what truth, to have been prepared under the eye of Sir +Philip Francis, it may be, through the agency of Dubois." Dubois was +certainly connected with, though not, I believe, related to Sir Philip; +and at the time of the publication he was also connected with Mr. +Taylor. I hope, under these circumstances, that Mr. Taylor will think it +right to favour you with a statement of the facts, that future +"Note"-makers may not perplex future editors with endless "Queries" on +the subject. + +R.J. + + +_Mildew in Books._--Can you, or any of your readers, suggest a +preventive for mildew in books? + +In a valuable public library in this town (Liverpool), much injury has +been occasioned by mildew, the operations of which appear very +capricious; in some cases attacking the printed part of an engraving, +leaving the margin unaffected; in others attacking the inside of the +backs _only_; and in a few instances it attacks all parts with the +utmost impartiality. + +Any hints as to cause or remedy will be most acceptable. + +B. + + +_George Herbert's Burial-place._--Can any of your correspondents inform +me where the venerable George Herbert, rector of Bemerton, co. Wilts., +was buried, and whether there is any monument of him existing in any +church? + +J.R. Fox. + + +_The Earl of Essex, and "The Finding of the Rayned Deer."_-- + + "There is a boke printed at Franker in Friseland, in English, + entitled _The Finding of the Rayned Deer_, but it bears title to + be printed in Antwerp, it should say to be done by som prieste + in defence of the late Essex's tumult." + +The above is the postscript to a letter of the celebrated Father Parsons +written "to one Eure, in England", April 30, 1601, a contemporary copy +of which exists in the State Paper Office [Rome,] Whitehall. Can any of +your readers tell me whether anything is known of this book? + +SPES. + +June 28. 1850. + + +_The Lass of Richmond Hill._--I should be much obliged by being informed +who wrote the _words_ of the above song, and when, if it was produced +originally at some place of public entertainment. The Rev. Thomas +Maurice, in his elegant poem on Richmond Hill, has considered it to have +been written upon a Miss Crop, who committed suicide on that spot, April +23rd, 1782; but he was evidently misinformed, as it appeared some few +years later, and had no reference to that event. I have heard it +attributed to Leonard Mac Nally, a writer of some dramatic pieces, but +on no certain grounds; and it may have been a Vauxhall song about the +year 1788. The music was by James Hook, the father of Theodore Hook. + +QUAERO. + + +_Curfew._--In what towns or villages in England is the old custom of +ringing the curfew still retained? + +NABOC. + + +_Alumni of Oxford, Cambridge, and Winchester._--Are the alumni of the +various colleges of Oxford, Cambridge, and Winchester, published from an +early period, and the various preferments they held, similar to the one +published at Eton. + +J.R. Fox. + + +_St. Leger's Life of Archbishop Walsh._--In Doctor Oliver's _History of +the Jesuits_, it is stated that William St. Leger, an Irish member of +that Society, wrote the _Life of Thomas Walsh, Archbishop of Cashel_, in +Ireland, published in 4to. at Antwerp in 1655. Can any of your numerous +readers inform me if a copy of this work is to be found in the British +Museum, or any other public library, and something of its contents? + +J.W.H. {104} + + +_Query put to a Pope._-- + + "Sancte Pater! scire vellem + Si Papatus mutat pellem?" + +I have been told that these lines were addressed to one of the popes, +whose life, before his elevation to the see of St. Peter, had been +passed in excesses but little suited to the clerical profession. + +They were addressed to him _orally_, by one of his former associates, +who met and stopped him while on his way to or from some high festival +of the Church, and who plucked aside, as he spoke, the gorgeous robes in +which his quondam fellow-reveller was dressed. + +The reply of the pope was prompt, and, like the question, in a rhyming +Latin couplet. I wish, if possible, to discover, the name of the +pope;--the terms of his reply;--the name of the bold man who "_put him +to the question_;"--by what writer the anecdote is recorded, or on what +authority it rests. + +C. FORBES. + +Temple. + + +_The Carpenter's Maggot._--I have in my possession a MS. tune called the +"Carpenter's Maggot," which, until within the last few years, was played +(I know for nearly a century) at the annual dinner of the Livery of the +Carpenters' Company. Can any of your readers inform me where the +original is to be found, and also the origin of the word "Maggot" as +applied to a tune? + +F.T.P. + + +_Lord Delamere._--Can any of your readers give me the words of a song +called "Lord Delamere," beginning: + + "I wonder very much that our sovereign king, + So many large taxes upon this land should bring." + +And inform me to what political event this song, of which I have an +imperfect MS. copy, refers. + +EDWARD PEACOCK, JUN. + + +_Henry and the Nut-brown Maid._--SEARCH would be obliged for any +information as to the authorship of this beautiful ballad. + + [Mr. Wright, in his handsome black-letter reprint, published by + Pickering in 1836, states, that "it is impossible to fix the + date of this ballad," and has not attempted to trace the + authorship. We shall be very glad if SEARCH's Query should + produce information upon either of these points.] + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + +FRENCH POEM BY MALHERBE. + +The two stanzas your correspondent E.R.C.B. has cited (Vol. ii., p. 71.) +are from an elegiac poem by MALHERBE (who died in 1628, at the good old +age of seventy-three), which is entitled _Consolation a Monsieur Du +Perrier sur la Mort de sa Fille_. It has always been a great favorite of +mine; for, like Gray's Elegy and the celebrated _Coplas_ of Jorge +Manrique on the death of his father, beside its philosophic moralising +strain, it has that pathetic character which makes its way at once to +the heart. I will transcribe the first four stanzas for the sake of the +beauty of the fourth:-- + + "Ta douleur, Du Perrier, sera done eternelle, + Et les tristes discours + Que te met en l'esprit l'amitie paternelle + L'augmenteront toujours. + + "Le malheur de ta fille au tombeau descendue, + Par un commun trepas, + Est-ce quelque dedale, ou ta raison perdue + Ne se retrouve pas? + + "Je sai de quels appas son enfance estoit pleine; + Et n'ay pas entrepris, + Injurieux ami, de soulager ta peine + Avecque son mepris. + + "Mais elles estoit du monde, ou les plus belles choses + Ont le pire destin: + Et Rose elle a vecu ce que vivent les roses, + L'espace d'un matin." + +The whole poem consists of twenty-one stanzas and should be read as a +whole; but there are several other striking passages. The consolation +the poet offers to his friend breathes the spirit of Epictetus:-- + + "De moy, deja deux fois d'une pareille foudre + Je me suis vu perclus, + Et deux fois la raison m'a si bien fait resoudre, + Qu'il ne m'en souvient plus. + + "Non qu'il ne me soit grief que la terre possede + Ce qui me fut si cher; + Mais en un accident qui n'a point de remede, + II n'en faut point chercher." + +Then follow the two stanzas cited by your correspondent, and the closing +verse is:-- + + "De murmurer contre-elle et perdre patience, + Il est mal-a-propos: + Vouloir ce que Dieu veut, est la seule science + Qui nous met en repos." + +The stanza beginning "Le pauvre en sa cabane," is an admirable imitation +of the "Pallida mors aequo pulsat pede," &c. of Horace, which a +countryman of the poet is said to have less happily rendered "La pale +mort avec son pied de cheval," &c. + +Malherbe has been duly appreciated in France: his works, in one edition, +are accompanied by an elaborate comment by Menage and Chevreau: Racan +wrote his life, and Godeau, Bishop of Vence, a panegyrical preface. He +was a man of wit, and ready at an impromptu; yet it is said, that in +writing a consolotary poem to the President de Verdun, on the death of +his wife, he was so long {105} in bringing his verses to that degree of +perfection which satisfied his own fastidious taste, that the president +was happily remarried, and the consolation not at all required. + +Bishop Hurd, in a note on the _Epistle to Augustus_, p. 72., says: + + "Malherbe was to the French pretty much what Horace had been to + Latin poetry. These great writers had, each of them, rescued the + lyric muse of their country out of the rude ungracious hands of + their old poets. And, as their talents of a _good ear_, _elegant + judgment_, and _correct expression_, were the same, they + presented her to the public in all the air and grace, and yet + _severity_, of beauty, of which her form was susceptible." + +S.W. SINGER. + +Mickleham, July 2. 1850. + + * * * * * + +"DIES IRAE, DIES ILLA." + +In reply to the first of Mr. SIMPSON's Queries (Vol. ii., p. 72.) +relative to the magnificent sequence _Dies irae_, I beg to say that the +author of it is utterly unknown. The following references may be +sufficient:--Card. Bona, _Rer. Liturgic._ lib. ii. cap. vi. p. 336., +Romae, 1671; or, if possible, Sala's edition, tom. iii. p 143., Aug. +Turin. 1753; Gavantus, tom. i. pp. 274-5., Lugd. 1664; and the +_Additions_ by Merati, i. 117-18., Aug. Vindel, 1740; Zaccaria, +_Biblioth. Ritual._ tom. i. p. 34., Romae, 1776; Oldoini Addit. ad +Ciaconii _Vit. Pontiff. et Cardd._, tom. ii. col. 222., Romae, 1677. + +Mr. SIMPSON's second question is, "In what book was it first printed?" +Joannes de Palentia, in his notes upon the _Ordinarium PP. Praed._, +asserts that this celebrated prose was first introduced into the Venice +editions of the Missals printed for the Dominicans. The oldest _Missale +Praedicatorum_ which I possess, or have an opportunity of seeing, is a +copy of the Parisian impression of the year 1519; and herein the _Dies +irae_ is inserted in the _Commemoratio Defunctorum_; mens. Novemb. sig. +M. 5. + +An inquiry remains as to the date of the general adoption of this +sequence by the Roman Church. In Quetif and Echard (_Scriptt. Ord. +Praed._ i. 437.), under the name of Latinus Malabranca, we read that it +certainly was not in use in the year 1255; and there does not appear to +be the slightest evidence of its admission, even upon private authority, +into the office for the dead anterior to the commencement of the +fifteenth century. + +Your correspondent was not mistaken in his belief that he had met with +an imperfect transcript of this prose, for the original consists not of +"twenty-seven," but of _fifty-seven_ lines. I may add that I do not +remember to have found the text more correctly given than in the +beautiful folio missal of the church of Augsburg, partly printed on +vellum in 1555 (fol. 466. b.). + +R.G. + + +The _Dies Irae_ is truly said by Mr. SPARROW SIMPSON (Vol. ii., p. 72.) +to be an extremely beautiful hymn. Who was its author is very doubtful, +but the probabilities are in favour of Thomas de Celano, a Minorite +friar, who lived during the second half of the fourteenth century. It +consists of nineteen strophes, each having three lines. Bartholomew of +Pisa, A.D. 1401, in his _Liber Conformitatum_, speaks of it; but the +earliest printed book in which I have ever seen this hymn, is the +_Missale Romanum_, printed at Pavia, A.D. 1491, in 8vo., a copy of which +I have in my possession. + +D. ROCK. + +Buckland, Faringdon. + + * * * * * + +DR. SAMUEL OGDEN. + +In reply to your correspondent TWYFORD (Vol. ii., p. 73.), the original +of the common surname _Ogden_ is doubtless Oakden. A place so called is +situated in Butterworth, Lancashire, and gave name to a +family,--possibly extinct in the sixteenth century. A clergymam, whose +name partook both of the original and its corruption, was vicar of +Bradford, 1556, viz Dus Tho. _Okden_. The arms and crest borne by the +Oakdens were both allusive to the name, certainly without any reference +to King Charles's hiding-place. + +Dr. Samuel Ogden, born in 1716 at Winchester, was the son of Thomas +Ogden, a man of very humble origin: but he had the merit of giving a +liberal education to one whose natural talents well deserved culture; +and both his parents, in the decline of life, owed their support to +Ogden's filial piety and affection. Cole is quite mistaken in fixing the +father's residence at Mansfield, and in stating that he had been in the +army. The monument, spoken of by Cole, is not at Mansfield, but in the +cathedral of Manchester: nor is it a memorial of Dr. Ogden. It was +placed by him in memory of his _father_. Ogden was buried in his own +church, St. Sephlchre's, Cambridge. + +The following epigram, it is believed, has not been printed. It is +transcribed from a letter in my possession, addressed by the first Lord +Alvanley, when at college, to his former tutor, Mr. Thyer, editor of +_Butler's Remains_:-- + + "When Ogden his prosaic verse + In Latin numbers drest, + The Roman language prov'd too weak + To stand the Critic's test. + + "To English Rhyme he next essay'd, + To show he'd some pretence; + But ah! Rhyme only would not do-- + They still expected Sense. + + "Enrag'd, the Doctor said he'd place + In Critics no reliance, + So wrapt his thoughts in Arabic, + And bad them all defiance." + +J.H. MARKLAND. + + * * * * * {106} + +_Ogden Family_ (Vol. ii., p. 73.).--Perhaps the representatives of the +late Thomas Ogden, Esq., and who was a private banker at Salisbury +previous to 1810 (presuming he was a member of the family mentioned by +your correspondent TWYFORD), might be able to furnish him with the +information he seeks. + +J.R. FOX. + + * * * * * + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Porson's Imposition_ (Vol. i., p. 71.) is indeed, I believe, an +_imposition_. The last line quoted (and I suppose all the rest) can +hardly be Porson's, for Mr. Langton amused Johnson, Boswell, and a +dinner party at General Oglethorpe's, on the 14th of April, 1778, with +some macaronic Greek "by _Joshua Barnes_, in which are to be found such +comical Anglo-hellenisms as [Greek: klubboisin ebagchthae] they were +banged with clubs." Boswell's _Johnson_, last ed. p. 591. + +C. + + +_The Three Dukes_ (Vol. ii., pp. 9, 46, 91.).--Andrew Marvel thus makes +mention of the outrage on the beadle in his letter to the Mayor of Hull, +Feb. 28, 1671 (_Works_, i. 195.):-- + + "On Saturday night last, or rather Sunday morning, at two + o'clock, some persons reported to be of great quality, together + with other gentlemen, set upon the watch and killed a poor + beadle, praying for his life upon his knees, with many wounds; + warrants are out for apprehending some of them, but they are + fled." + +I am not aware of any contemporary authority for the names of the three +dukes; and a difficulty in the way of assigning them by conjecture is, +that in the poem they are called "three bastard dukes." Your +correspondent C. has rightly said (p. 46.) that none of Charles II.'s +bastard sons besides Monmouth would have been old enough in 1671 to be +actors in such a fray. Sir Walter Scott, in his notes on _Absalom and +Achitophel_, referring to the poem, gives the assault to Monmouth and +some of his brothers; but he did so, probably, without considering +dates, and on the strength of the words "three bastard dukes." + +Mr. Lister, in the passage in his _Life of Clarendon_ referred to by Mr. +Cooper (p. 91.), gives no authority for his mention of Albemarle. I +should like to know if Mr. Wade has any other authority than Mr. Lister +for this statement in his useful compilation. + +Were it certain that three dukes were engaged in this fray, and were we +not restricted to "bastards," I should say that Monmouth, Albemarle, and +Richmond (who married the beautiful Miss Stuart, and killed himself by +drinking) would probably be the three culprits. As regards Albemarle, he +might perhaps have been called bastard without immoderate use of +libeller's licence. + +If three dukes did murder the beadle, it is strange that their names +have not been gibbeted in many of the diaries and letters which we have +of that period. And this is the more strange, as this assault took place +just after the attack on Sir John Coventry, which Monmouth instigated, +and which had created so much excitement. + +The question is not in itself of much importance; but I can suggest a +mode in which it may possibly be settled. Let the royal pardons of 1671 +be searched in the Rolls' Chapel, Chancery Lane. If the malefactors were +pardoned by name, the three dukes may there turn up. Or if any of your +readers is able to look through the Domestic Papers for February and +March, 1671, in the State Paper Office, he would be likely to find there +come information upon the subject. + +Query. Is the doggerel poem in the _State Poems_ Marvel's? Several poems +which are ascribed to him are as bad in versification, and, I need not +say, in coarseness. + +Query 2. Is there any other authority for Queen Catharine's fondness for +dancing than the following lines of the poem? + + "See what mishaps dare e'en invade Whitehall, + This silly fellow's death puts off the ball, + And disappoints the Queen's foot, little Chuck; + I warrant 'twould have danced it like a duck." + +CH. + + +_Kant's Saemmtliche Werke._--Under the head of "Books and Odd Volumes" +(Vol. ii., p. 59.), there is a Query respecting the XIth part of Kant's +_Saemmtliche Werke_, to which I beg to reply that it was published at +Leipzig, in two portions, in 1842. It consists of Kant's Letters, +Posthumous Fragments, and Biography. The work was completed by a 12th +vol., containing a history of the Kantian Philosophy, by Carl +Rosenkranz, one of the editors of this edition of Kant. + +J.M. + + +_Becket's Mother_ (Vol. i., pp. 415. 490.; vol. ii., p. 78.).--Although +the absence of any contemporaneous relation of this lady's romantic +history may raise a reasonable doubt of its authenticity, it seems to +derive indirect confirmation from the fact, that the hospital founded by +Becket's sister shortly after his death, on the spot where he was born, +part of which is now the Mercers' chapel in Cheapside, was called "The +Hospital of St. Thomas the Martyr _of Acon_." Erasmus, also, in his +_Pilgrimages to Walsingham and Canterbury_ (see J.G. Nichol's excellent +translation and notes, pp. 47. 120.), says that the archbishop was +called "Thomas _Acrensis_." + +Edward Foss. + + +_"Imprest" and "Debenture."_--Perhaps the following may be of some use +to D.V.S. (Vol. ii., p. 40.) in his search for the verbal raw material +out of which these words were manufactured. + +Their origin may, I think, be found in the Latin terms used in the +ancient accounts of persons {107} officially employed by the crown to +express transactions somewhat similar to those for which they appear to +be now used. Persons conversant with those records must frequently have +met with cases where money advanced, paid on account, or as earnest, was +described as "de prestito" or "in prestitis." Ducange gives "praestare" +and its derivatives as meaning "mutuo dare" with but little variation; +but I think that too limited a sense. The practice of describing a +document itself by the use of the material or operative parts expressing +or defining the transaction for which it was employed, is very common. +In legal and documentary proceedings, it is indeed the only one that is +followed. Let D.V.S. run over and compare any of the well-known +descriptions of writs, as _habeas corpus_, _mandamus_, _fi. fa._: or +look into Cowell's _Interpreter_, or a law dictionary, and he will see +numerous cases where terms now known as the names of certain documents +are merely the operative parts of Latin _formulae_. "Imprest" seems to be +a slightly corrupted translation of "in prestito;" that part of the +instrument being thus made to give its name to the whole. Of "debenture" +I think there is little doubt that it may be similarly explained. Those +Record Offices which possess the ancient accounts and vouchers of +officers of the royal household contain numerous "debentures" of the +thirteenth, but far more of the fourteenth, century. In this case the +_initial_ is the chief operative word: those relating to the royal +wardrobe, commencing "Debentur in garderoba domini regis," being in fact +merely memorandums expressing or acknowledging that certain sums of +money "are owing" for articles supplied for the use of that department. +It is well known that the royal exchequer was, at the time these +documents were executed, often in great straits; and it seems to me +scarcely doubtful that these early "debentures" were actually delivered +over to tradesmen, &c., as security for the amount due to them, and +given in to be cancelled when the debts were discharged by the Exchequer +officers. + +There is a remarkable feature about these ancient "debentures" which I +may perhaps be permitted to notice here, viz., the very beautiful seals +of the officers of the royal household and wardrobe which are impressed +upon them. They are of the somewhat rare description known as +"applique;" and at a time when personal seals were at the highest state +of artistic developement, those few seals of the clerks of the household +which have escaped injury (to which they are particularly exposed) are +unrivalled for their clearness of outline, design, delicacy, and beauty +of execution. + +Allowing for the changes produced by time, I think sufficient analogy +may be found between the ancient and modern uses of the words "imprest" +and "debenture." + +J. BT. + + +"_Imprest_" (Vol. ii., p. 40).--D.V.S. will find an illustration of the +early application of this word to advances made by the Treasury in the +"Rotulus de _Prestito_" of 12 John, printed by the Record Commission +under the careful editorship of Mr. T. Duffus Hardy, whose preface +contains a clear definition of its object, and an account of other +existing rolls of the same character. + +EDWARD FOSS. + + +_Derivation of News._--P.C.S.S. has read with great interest the various +observations on the derivation of the word "News" which have appeared in +the "NOTES AND QUERIES," and especially those of the learned and +ingenious Mr. Hickson. He ventures, however, with all respect, to differ +from the opinion expressed by that gentleman in Vol. i., p. 81., to the +effect that-- + + "In English, there is no process known by which a noun plural + can be formed from an adjective, without the previous formation + of the singular in the same sense." + +P.C.S.S. would take the liberty of reminding Mr. H. of the following +passage in the _Tempest_:-- + + "When that is gone, + He shall drink nought but brine, for I'll not show him + Where the quick freshes lie." + +Surely, in this instance, the plural noun "freshes" is not formed from +any such singular noun as "_fresh_," but directly from the adjective, +which latter does not seem to have been ever used as a singular _noun_. + +While on the subject of "News," P.C.S.S. finds in Pepys' _Diary_ (vol. +iii. p. 59.) another application of the word, in the sense of a noun +singular, which he does not remember to have seen noticed by others. + + "Anon, the coach comes--in the meantime, there coming a _news_ + thither, with his horse to come over." + +In other parts of the _Diary_, the word _News-book_ is occasionally +employed to signify what is now termed a newspaper, or, more properly, a +bulletin. For instance (vol. iii. p. 29.), we find that-- + + "This _News-book_, upon Mr. Moore's showing L'Estrange Captain + Ferrers's letter, did do my Lord Sandwich great right as to the + late victory." + +And again (at p. 51.): + + "I met this noon with Dr. Barnett, who told me, and I find in + the _News-book_ this week, that he posted upon the 'Change,'" + &c. &c. + +Much has been lately written in the "NOTES AND QUERIES" respecting the +"Family of Love." A sect of a similar name existed here in 1641, and a +full and not very decent description of their rites and orgies is to be +found in a small pamphlet of that date, reprinted in the fourth volume +(8vo. ed.) of the _Harleian Miscellany_. + +P.C.S.S. {108} + + +_Origin of Adur_ (Vol. ii., p. 71.).--A, derived from the same root as +Aqua and the French _Eau_, is a frequent component of the names of +rivers: "A-dur, A-run, A-von, A-mon," the adjunct being supposed to +express the individual characteristic of the stream. _A-dur_ would then +mean the _river of oaks_, which its course from Horsham Forest through +the Weald of Sussex, of which "oak is the weed," would sufficiently +justify. It is called in ancient geography _Adurnus_, and is probably +from the same root as the French _Adour_. + +C. + + +The river Adur, which passes by Shoreham, is the same name as the Adour, +a great river in the Western Pyrenees. + +This coincidence seems to show that it is neither a Basque word, nor a +Saxon. Whether it is a mere expansion of _ydwr_, the water, in Welch, I +cannot pretend to say, but probably it includes it. + +We have the Douro in Spain; and the Doire, or Doria, in Piedmont. +Pompadour is clearly derived from the above French river, or some other +of the same name. + +C.B. + + +_Meaning of Steyne_ (Vol. ii., P. 71.).--Steyne is no doubt _stone_, and +may have reference to the original name of Brighthelm-_stone_: but what +the _stone_ or "steyne" was, I do not conjecture; but it lay or stood +probably on that little flat valley now called the "Steyne." It is said +that, so late as the time of Elizabeth, the town was encompassed by a +high and strong _stone wall_; but that could have no influence on the +name, which, whether derived from Bishop _Brighthelm_ or not, is +assuredly of Saxon times. There is a small town not far distant called +_Steyning, i.e._ the meadow of the stone. In my early days, the name was +invariably pronounced Brighthamstone. + +C. + + +_Sarum and Barum_ (Vol. ii., p. 21.).--As a conjecture, I would suggest +the derivation of _Sarum_ may have been this. Salisbury was as +frequently written Sarisbury. The contracted form of this was Sap., the +ordinary import of which is the termination of the Latin genitive plural +_rum_. Thus an imperfectly educated clerk would be apt to read _Sarum_ +instead of Sarisburia; and the error would pass current, until one +reading was accepted for right as much as the other. In other instances +we adopt the Law Latin or Law French of mediaeval times; as the county of +_Oxon_ for Oxfordshire, _Salop_ for Shropshire, &c., and _Durham_ is +generally supposed to be French (_Duresmm_), substituted for the +Anglo-Saxon Dunholm, in Latin _Dunelmum_. I shall perhaps be adding a +circumstance of which few readers will be aware, in remarking that the +Bishops of Durham, down to the present day, take alternately the Latin +and French signatures, _Duresm_ and _Dunelm_. + +J.G.N. + + +"_Epigrams on the Universities_" (Vol. ii., p. 88.).--The following +extract frown Hartshorne's _Book-rarities in the University of +Cambridge_ will fully answer the Query of your Norwich correspondent. + +After mentioning, the donation to that University, by George I., of the +valuable library of Dr. Moore, Bishop of Ely, which his Majesty had +purchased for 6,000 guineas, the author adds,-- + + "When George I. sent these books to the University, he sent at + the time a troop of horse to Oxford, which gave occasion to the + following well-known epigram from Dr. Trapp, smart in its way, + but not so clever as the answer from Sir William Browne:-- + + "The King, observing, with judicious eyes, + The state of both his Universities, + To one he sent a regiment; for why? + That learned body wanted loyalty: + To th' other he sent books, as well discerning + How much that loyal body wanted learning." + + _The Answer._ + + "The King to Oxford sent his troop of horse, + For Tories hold no argument but force: + With equal care to Cambridge books he sent, + For Whigs allow no force but argument. + +"The books were received Nov. 19, 20, &c., 1715." + +G.A.S. + + [J.J. DREDGE, V. (Belgravia), and many other correspondents, + have also kindly replied to this Query.] + + +_Dulcarnon_ (Vol. i., p. 254.)--_Urry_ says nothing, but quotes +_Speght_, and _Skene_, and _Selden_. + +"_Dulcarnon_," says Speght, "is a proposition in _Euclid_ (lib. i. +theor. 33. prop. 47.), which was found out by Pythagoras after a whole +years' study, and much beating of his brain; in thankfulness whereof he +sacrificed an ox to the gods, which sacrifice he called Dulcarnon." + +_Neckam_ derived it from _Dulia quasi sacrificium_ and _carnis_. + +_Skene_ justly observes that the triumph itself cannot be the point; but +the word might get associated with the problem, either considered before +its solution, puzzling to _Pythagoras_, or the demonstration, still +difficult to us,--a Pons Asinorum, like the 5th proposition. + +Mr. _Selden_, in his preface to _Drayton's Polyolbion_, says,-- + + "I cannot but digresse to admonition of abuse which this learned + allusion, in his _Troilus_, by ignorance hath indured. + + "'I am till God mee better mind send, + At _Dulcarnon_, right at my wit's end.' + + It's not _Neckam_, or any else, that can make mee entertaine the + least thought of the signification of _Dulcarnon_ to be + _Pythagorus_ his sacrifice after his geometricall theorem in + finding the square of an orthogonall triangle's sides, or that + it is a word of _Latine_ deduction: but, indeed, by easier + pronunciation it was made of D'hulkarnyan[5], i.e. _two-horned_ + which the _Mahometan Arabians_ {109} vie for a root in + calculation, meaning _Alexander_, as that great dictator of + knowledge, _Joseph Scaliger_ (with some ancients) wills, but, by + warranted opinion of my learned friend Mr. _Lydyat_, in his + _Emendatio Temporum_, it began in _Seleucus Nicanor_, XII yeares + after _Alexander's_ death. The name was applyed, either because + after time that _Alexander_ had persuaded himself to be _Jupiter + Hammon's_ sonne, whose statue was with _Ram's_ hornes, both his + owne and his successors' coins were stampt with horned images: + or else in respect of his II pillars erected in the East as a + _Nihil ultra_[6] of his conquest, and some say because hee had + in power the Easterne and Westerne World, signified in the two + hornes. But howsoever, it well fits the passage, either, as if + hee had personated _Creseide_ at the entrance of two wayes, not + knowing which to take; in like sense as that of _Prodicus_ his + _Hercules_, _Pythagoras_ his _Y._, or the Logicians _Dilemma_ + expresse; or else, which is the truth of his conceit, that hee + was at a _nonplus_, as the interpretation in his next staffe + makes plaine. How many of noble _Chaucer's_ readers never so + much as suspect this his short essay of knowledge, transcending + the common Rode? And by his treatise of the _Astrolabe_ (which, + I dare sweare, was chiefly learned out of _Messahalah_) it is + plaine hee was much acquainted with the mathematiques, and + amongst their authors had it." + +_D'Herbelot_ says: + + "_Dhoul_ (or _Dhu_) _carnun_, _with the two horns_, is the + surname of _Alexander_, that is, of an ancient and fabulous + Alexander of the first dynasty of the Persians. 795. Article + Sedd, Tagioug and Magioug. 993. Article Khedher. 395. b. 335. b. + Fael. + + "But 317. Escander, he says, Alexander the Great has the same + title secondarily. The truth probably is the reverse, that the + fabulous personage was taken from the real conqueror. + + "_Hofmann_, in Seleucus, says that the area of Seleucus is + called Terik Dhylkarnain, i.e. Epocha Alexandri Cornigen. Tarik + means probably the date of an event." + +There can be no doubt that the word in Chaucer is this Arabic word; nor, +I think, that Speght's story is really taught by the Arabs, our teachers +in mathematics. Whether the application is from Alexander, (they would +know nothing of his date with regard to Pythagoras), or merely from +two-horned, is doubtful. The latter might possibly mean the ox. + +Mr. Halliwell gives a quotation from Stanyhurst, in which it means "dull +persons"--an obvious misuse of it for Englishmen, and which Skene +fortifies by an A.-S. derivation, but which is clearly not Cressida's +meaning, or she would have said, "I _am_ Dulcarnon," not "I _am at_ +Dulcarnon;" and so Mrs. Roper. + +It may seem difficult what Pandarus can mean: + + "Dulcarnon clepid is fleming of wretches, + It semith hard, for wretchis wol nought lere + For very slouthe, or othir wilfull tetches, + This said is by them that ben't worth two fetches, + But ye ben wise." + +Whether he means that wretches call it _fleming_ or not, his argument +is, "You are not a wretch." Speght's derivation seems to mean, "Quod +stultos vertit." _Fleamas_, A.-S. (Lye), is _fuga_, _fugacio_, from +_flean_, to flee. Pandarus, I think, does not mean to give the +derivation of the word, but its application of fools, a stumbling-block, +or puzzle. + +C.B. + + [Footnote 5: Speght gives it in English letters, but Selden in + Arabic.] + + [Footnote 6: Christman, _Comment. in Alfragan_, cap. ii. + _Lysimachi_ Cornuum apud Cael. Rhodigin. _Antiq. lect._ 10. cap. + xii., hic genuina interpretatio.] + + +_Dr. Maginn._--The best account of this most talented but unfortunate +man, is given in the _Dublin University Mag._, vol. xxiii. p. 72. A +reprint of this article, with such additional particulars of his +numerous and dispersed productions as might be supplied, would form a +most acceptable volume. + +F.R.A. + + +_America known to the Ancients._--To the list of authorities on this +subject given in Vol. i., p. 342., I have the pleasure to add Father +Laffiteau; Bossu[7], in his _Travels through Louisiana_; and though +last, not least, Acosta, who in his _Naturall and Morall Historie of the +East and West Indies_, translated by E.G. [Grimestone], 1604, 4to., +devotes eighty-one pages to a review of the opinions of the ancients on +the new world. + +The similarity which has been observed to exist between the manners of +several American nations, and those of some of the oldest nations on our +continent, which seems to demonstrate that this country was not unknown +in ancient times, has been traced by Nicholls, in the first part of his +_Conference with a Theist_, in several particulars, viz. burning of the +victim in sacrifices, numbering by tens, fighting with bows and arrows, +their arts of spinning, weaving, &c. The arguments, multitudinous as +they are, adduced by Adair for his hypothesis that the American Indians +are descended from the Jews, serve to prove that the known or old world +furnished the new one with men. To these may be added the coincidences +noticed in "NOTES AND QUERIES;" burning the dead (Vol. i., p. 308.); the +art of manufacturing glass (p. 341.); scalping (Vol. ii., p. 78.). Your +correspondents will doubtless be able to point out other instances. +Besides drinking out of the skulls of their enemies, recorded of the +Scythians by Herodotus; and of the savages of Louisiana by Bossu; I beg +to mention a remarkable one furnished by Catlin--the sufferings endured +by the youths among the Mandans, when admitted into the rank of +warriors, {110} reminding us of the probationary exercises which the +priests of Mithras forced the candidates for initiation to undergo. + +T.J. + + [Footnote 7: Forster, the translator of this work, annihilates + the argument for the settlement of the Welsh derived from the + word "penguin" signifying "white head," by the fact of the bird + in question having a _black_, not a _white_ head!] + + +_Collar of SS._ (Vol. ii., p. 89.).--B. will find a great deal about +these collars in some interesting papers in the Gentleman's Magazine for +1842, vols. xvii. and xviii., conmunicated by Mr. J.G. Nicholls; and in +the Second Series of the Retrospective Review, vol. i. p. 302., and vol. +ii. pp. 156. 514. 518. Allow me to add a Query: Who are the persons now +privileged to wear these collars? and under what circumstances, and at +what dates, was such privilege reduced to its present limitation? + +[Greek: Phi.] + + +_Martello Towers_ (Vol. ii., p. 9.).--A misspelling for _Mortella_ +towers. They are named after a tower which commands the entrance to the +harbour of St. Fiorenzo, in Corsica; but they are common along the +coasts of the Mediterranean. They were built along the low parts of the +Sussex and Kent coasts, in consequence of the powerful defence made by +Ensign Le Tellier at the Tower of Mortella, with a garrison of 38 men +only, on 8th February, 1794, against an attack by sea, made by the +_Fortitude_ and _Juno_, part of Lord Hood's fleet, and by land, made by +a detachment of troops under Major-General Dundas. The two ships kept up +a fire for two hours and a half without making any material impression, +and then hauled out of gun-shot, the _Fortitude_ having lost 6 men +killed and 56 wounded, 8 dangerously. The troops were disembarked, and +took possession of a height comnanding the tower; and their battering +was as unsuccessful, till a hot shot fell and set fire to the bass-junk, +with which, to the depth of five feet, the immensely thick parapet wall +was lined. This induced the small garrison, of whom two were mortally +wounded, to surrender. The tower mounted only one 6 and two 18-pounders, +and the carriage of one of the latter had been rendered unserviceable +during the cannonade. (See James' _Naval History_, vol. i. p. 285.) The +towers along the English coast extend from Hythe to Seaford, where the +last tower is numbered 74, at intervals of about a quarter of a mile, +except where the coast is protected by the cliffs. The tower at Seaford +is 32 feet high, with a circumference of 136 feet at the base, and +gradually tapering to 90 feet at the top. The wall is 6 feet thick at +the top next the sea, and 2 feet on the land side. The cost of each +tower was very large,--from 15,000l. to 20,000l. I am not aware of any +blue book on the subject; blue books were not so much in vogue at the +time of their erection, or perhaps a little less would have been spent +in these erections, and a little more pains would have been taken to see +that they were properly built. Some have been undermined by the sea and +washed down already; in others, the facing of brick has crumbled away; +and in all the fancied security which the original tower taught us to +expect would be probably lessened were the English towers subjected to +an attack. + +WM. DURRANT COOPER. + + +"_A Frog he would a-wooing go_" (Vol. ii., p. 75.).--I know not whether +this foolish ballad is worth the notice it has already received, but I +can venture to say that the supposed Irish version is but a modern +variance from the old ballad which I remember above sixty years, and +which began-- + + "There was a frog lived in a well, + Heigho crowdie! + And a merry mouse in a mill, + With a howdie crowdie, &c. &c. + This frog he would a-wooing go, + Heigho crowdie! + Whether his mother would let him or no, + With a howdie crowdie," &c. + +Of the rest of the ballad I only remember enough to be able to say that +it had little or no resemblance to the version in your last Number. + +C. + + +_William of Wykeham_ (Vol. ii., p. 89.).--1. I believe that there is no +better life of this prelate than that by Bishop Lowth. + +2. The public records published since he wrote give several further +particulars of Wykeham's early career, but a proper notice of them would +be too extended for your columns. + +3. When W.H.C. recollects that New College, Oxford, the first of the +works he names, was not commenced till 1380, and that Wykeham had then +enjoyed the revenues of his rich bishopric for nearly fourteen years, +and had previously been in possession of many valuable preferments, both +lay and ecclesiastical, for fourteen years more, he will find his third +question sufficiently answered, and cease to wonder at the accumulation +of that wealth which was applied with wise and munificent liberality to +such noble and useful objects. + +I am not able to answer W.H.C.'s 4th and 5th questions. + +[Greek: Phi.] + + +_Execution of Charles I._ (Vol. ii., p. 72.).--The late Mr. Rodd had +collected several interesting papers on this subject; and from his +well-known acquaintance with all matters relating to English history, +they are no doubt valuable. Of course they exist. He offered them to the +writer of this note, on condition that he would prosecute the inquiry. +Other engagements prevented his availng himself of this liberal offer. + +J.M. + +Woburn Abbey. + + +_Swords_ (Vol. i., p. 415.).--Swords "ceased to be worn as an article of +dress" through the influence of Beau Nash, and were consequently first +out of fashion in Bath. "We wear no swords here," says Sir Lucius +O'Trigger. + +WEDSECUARF. {111} + + +_The Low Window_ (Vol. ii., p. 55.).--In Bibury Church, Gloucestershire, +are several windows of unusual character; and in the chancel is a +narrow, low window, called to this day "the Lepers' window," through +which, it is concluded, the lepers who knelt outside the building +witnessed the elevation of the host at the altar, as well as other +functions discharged by the priest during the celebration of mass. + +ROBERT SNOW. + + +_Brasichelli's Expurgatory Index_ (Vol. ii., p. 37.).--Although unable +to reply to MR. SANSOM's Query, by pointing out any public library in +which he can find the Ratisbon reprint of Brasichelli's _Expurgatory +Index_, I beg to state that I possess it, the Bergomi reprint, and also +the original, and that MR. SANSOM is perfectly welcome to a sight of +either. + +C.J. STEWART + +11. King William Street, West Strand. + + +_Discursus Modestus_ (Vol. i., pp. 142, 205.)--Crakanthorp, in his +_Defens. Eccl. Angl._, cap. vi. p. 27. (A.C.L. edition), refers to +_Discur. Compen. de Jesuit. Angl._, p. 15., and quotes from it the +words, "Omnia pro tempore, nihil pro veritate." Is this _Discur. +Compen._ the _Discurs. Modest._? and are these words to be found in +Watson's _Quodlibets_? This would fix the identity of the two books. It +is curious that the only two references made by Bishop Andrews to the +_Discurs. Modest._ (_Respons. ad Apol._, pp. 7. and 117.) are to page +13., and both the statements are found in page 81. of Watson. +Crakanthorp, however (p. 532.), quotes both the works,--_Discurs. +Modestus de Jesuit. Anglic._, and Watson. + +From the many different Latin titles given to this book, it seems +certain that it was originally written in English, and that the title +was Latinized according to each person's fancy. There is no copy in the +Lambeth library. + +J.B. + + +_Melancthon's Epigram._--Melancthon, in the epigram translated by RUFUS +(Vol. i., p. 422.), seems to have borrowed the idea, or, to use the more +expressive term of your "Schoolboy", to leave cabbaged from Martial's +epigram, terminating thus:-- + + "Non possunt nostros multae Faustine liturae, + Emendare jocos: una litura potest." + +_Martial_, Book iv. 10. + +NABOC. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, &C. + +Mr. Bohn has just published the second volume of his very useful and +complete edition of _Junius' Letters_. It contains, in addition to a new +essay on their authorship, entitled _The History and Discovery of +Junius_, by the editor, Mr. Wade, the Private Letters of Junius +addressed to Woodfall; the Letters of Junius to Wilkes; and the +Miscellaneous Letters which have been attributed to the same powerful +pen. Mr. Wade is satisfied that Sir Philip Francis was Junius; a theory +of which it is said, "Se non e vero e ben trovato:" and, if he does not +go the length of Sir F. Dwarris in regarding Sir P. Francis, not as the +solitary champion, but the most active of the sturdy band of politicians +whose views he advocated, he shows that he was known to and assisted by +many influential members of his own political party. Some of the most +curious points in the Junius history are illustrated by notes by Mr. +Bohn himself, who, we have no doubt will find his edition of Junius +among the most successful volumes of his Standard Library. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--W.S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham +House, Westminster Road) Fifty-eighth Catalogue of Cheap Books in +various Departments of Literature; W. Straker's (3. Adelaide Street, +West Strand) Catalogue No. 4. 1850, Theological Literature, Ancient and +Modern; J.G. Bell's (10. Bedford Street, Covent Garden) Catalogue of +Interesting and Valuable Autograph Letters and other Documents; John +Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. 8. for 1850, of Books Old +and New. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +(_In continuation of Lists in former Nos._) + +PULLEYNE'S ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM. + +BARNABY GOOGE'S POPISH KINGDOM. + +Odd Volumes + +MILMAN'S EDITION OF GIBBON'S DECLINE AND FALL. Ed. 1838. Vols. 9, 10, +11, 12. + +DUKE OF BEDFORD'S CORRESPONDENCE. Vols. 2 and 3. + +ARNOLD'S HISTORY OF ROME. Vol. 3. + +LE CLERC'S BIBLIOTHEQUE CHOISIE. Vol. 6. + +AVELLANADA'S CONTINUATION OF DON QUIXOTE, translated by Barker, 12mo. +1760. Vol. 2. + +TOUR THROUGH GREAT BRITAIN, 12mo. 1742. Vols. 1 and 2. + +TRISTRAM SHANDY. Vols. 7, 8, 9, and 10. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_ to be +sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher Of "NOTES AND QUERIES", 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Notices to Correspondents. + +P.M. _is referred to our_ 27th No., p. 445., _where he will learn that +the supposed French original of "Not a Drum was heard" was a clever hoax +from the ready pen of Father Prout. The date when_ P.M. _read the poem, +and not the_ date it bore, _is a point necessary to be established to +prove its existence "anterior to the supposed author of that beautiful +poem"._ + +_Will the Correspondent who wished for Vol. 8. of Rushworth, furnish his +name and address, as a copy has been reported._ + +VOLUME THE FIRST OR NOTES AND QUERIES, _with Title-page and very copious +Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by +order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen._ + +Errata. In No. 34., p. 63., in reply to Delta, for "MRRIS," read +"MARRIS"; and for "MRIE" read "MARIE." No. 36., P. 83., l. 40., for +"prohibens" read "prohiben_te_". + + * * * * * {112} + +MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS + +FOR JULY. Gratis as usual. Contains works on Archaeology, Antiquities, +Botany, Coins, Chess, Freemasonry, Geology and Mineralogy, Heraldry, +Irish Topography, Old Plays, Phrenology, Theatres, and Dramatic History, +Wales, its History, &c., with an extensive assortment of Books in other +departments of Literature, equally scarce, curious, and interesting. + +JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos Street. + + * * * * * + +Second Edition, cloth 1s. + +EASTERN CHURCHES. By the author of "Proposals for Christian Union." +"This is a very careful compilation of the latest information of the +faith and condition of the various churches of Christ scattered through +the East."--_Britannia._ "The book is cheap, but it contains a good deal +of matter, and appears a labour of duty."--_Spectator._ "A brief, yet +full and correct, and withal a most agreeably written account, of the +different Eastern Churches."--_Nottingham Journal._ + +JAMES DARLING, Great Queen-street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. + + * * * * * + +Preparing for publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo. + +THE FOLK-LORE of ENGLAND. By William J. Thoms, F.S.A., Secretary of the +Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and Legends of +all Nations," &c. One object of the present work is to furnish new +contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; and especially +some of the more striking Illustrations of the subject to be found in +the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries. + +Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and +Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and +will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed to +the care of Mr. BELL, Office of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Vols. I. and II. 8vo., price 28s. cloth. + +THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND; from the TIME of the CONQUEST. By EDWARD FOSS, +F.S.A. "A work in which a subject of great historical importance is +treated with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in which Mr. +Foss has brought to light many points previously unknown, corrected many +errors, and shown such ample knowledge of his subject as to conduct it +successfully through all the intricacies of a difficult investigation, +and such taste and judgement as will enable him to quit, when occasion +requires, the dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to +his work, as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a philosophical +history."--_Gent. Mag._ + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + +THE PRIMAEVAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND ILLUSTRATED BY THOSE OF DENMARK. + +THE PRIMAEVAL ANTIQUITIES OF DENMARK. By J.J.A. WORSAAE, Member of the +Royal Society of Antiquaries of Copenhagen. Translated and applied to +the illustration of similar Remains in England, by WILLIAM J. THOMS, +F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden Society. With numerous Woodcuts. 8vo. +10s. 6d. + +"The best antiquarian handbook we have ever met with--so clear is its +arrangement, and so well and so plainly is each subject illustrated by +well executed engravings.... It is the joint production of two men who +have already distinguished themselves as authors and antiquarians."-- +_Morning Herald._ + +"A book of remarkable interest and ability.... Mr. Worsaae's book is in +all ways a valuable addition to our literature.... Mr. Thoms has +executed the translation in flowing and idiomatic English, and has +appended many curious and interesting notes and observations of his +own."--_Guardian._ + +"The work, which we desire to commend to the attention of our readers, +is signally interesting to the British antiquary. Highly interesting and +important work."--_Archaeological Journal._ + +See also the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for February 1850. + +Oxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER, and 337. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + +REV. WILLIAM MASKELL's LIBRARY. + +Shortly will be published, + +A CATALOGUE OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN THEOLOGY; including some of the +rarest productions of our early English Divines, and embracing the +various controversies between the Puritans and the Churches of Rome and +England, the works of the Nonjurors, the best Liturgical Commentators, +Ecclesiastical Historians, Fathers of the Church, Schoolmen, Councils, +&c, many of them of extreme rarity, and forming the Library of the Rev. +William Maskell, late Vicar of St. Mary Church, Torquay, together with +other recent purchases, now on Sale by J. LESLIE, 58. Great +Queen-street, Lincoln's Inn. + +N.B.--Gentlemen desirous of receiving this Catalogue are respectfully +requested to forward their names to the Publisher, with twelve postage +stamps to pre-pay the same. + + * * * * * + +Now ready, containing 149 Plates, royal 8vo. 28s.; folio, 2l. 5s.; India +Paper, 4l. 4s. + +The MONUMENTAL BRASSES of ENGLAND: a series of Engravings upon Wood, +from every variety of these interesting and valuable Memorials, +accompanied with Descriptive Notices. + +By the Rev. C. BOUTELI. M.A. Rector of Downham Market. + +Part XII., completing the work, price 7s. 6d.; folio, 12s.; India paper, +24s. + +By the same Author, royal 8vo., 15s.; large paper, 21s. + +MONUMENTAL BRASSES and SLABS: an Historical and Descriptive Notice of +the Incised Monumental Memorials of the Middle Ages. With upwards of 200 +Engravings. + +"A handsome large octavo volume, abundantly supplied with well-engraved +woodcuts and lithographic plates; a sort of Encyclopaedia for ready +reference.... The whole work has a look of painstaking completeness +highly commendable."--_Athenaeum._ + +"One of the most beautifully got up and interesting volumes we have seen +for a long time. It gives, in the compass of one volume, an account of +the history of these beautiful monuments of former days.... The +illustrations are extremely well chosen."--_English Churchman._ + +A few copies only of this work remain for sale; and, as it will not be +reprinted in the same form and at the same price, the remaining copies +are raised in price. Early application for the Large Paper Edition is +necessary. + +By the same Author, to be completed in Four Parts, + +CHRISTIAN MONUMENTS in ENGLAND and WALES: an Historical and Descriptive +Sketch of the various classes of Monumental Memorials which have been in +use in this country from about the time of the Norman Conquest. +Profusely illustrated with Wood Engravings. Part I. price 7s. 6d.; Part +II. 2s. 6d. + +"A well conceived and executed work."--_Ecclesiologist._ + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, July 13. 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 37. 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