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diff --git a/old/13644.txt b/old/13644.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dd17bfc --- /dev/null +++ b/old/13644.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2239 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, No. 360, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, No. 360 + Vol. XIII. No. 360, Saturday, March 14, 1829 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: October 5, 2004 [EBook #13644] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. + + + + + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION + +VOL. XIII. NO. 360.] SATURDAY, MARCH 14, 1829. [PRICE 2d. + + * * * * * + + + + +Grand Entrance to Hyde Park. + +[Illustration: _Frieze_.] + + + + +GRAND ENTRANCE TO HYDE PARK. + +The great Lord Burleigh says, "A realm gaineth more by one year's peace +than by ten years' war;" and the architectural triumphs which are rising +in every quarter of the metropolis are strong confirmation of this +maxim. + +One of these triumphs is represented in the annexed engraving, viz. the +grand entrance to Hyde Park, erected from the designs of Decimus Burton, +Esq. It consists of a screen of handsome fluted Ionic columns, with +three carriage entrance archways, two foot entrances, a lodge, &c. The +extent of the whole frontage is about 107 feet. The central entrance +has a bold projection: the entablature is supported by four columns; +and the volutes of the capitals of the outside column on each side +of the gateway are formed in an angular direction, so as to exhibit two +complete faces to view. The two side gateways, in their elevations, +present two insulated Ionic columns, flanked by antae. All these +entrances are finished by a blocking, the sides of the central one being +decorated with a beautiful frieze, representing a naval and military +triumphal procession, which our artist has copied and represented in +distinct engravings. This frieze was designed by Mr. Henning, jun., son +of Mr. Henning, so well known for his admirable models of the Elgin +marbles. It possesses great classical merit, and the model was exhibited +last season in the sculpture-room of the Suffolk-street Gallery. + +The _gates_ were manufactured by Messrs. Bramah. They are of iron, +bronzed, and fixed or hung to the piers by rings of gun-metal. The +design consists of a beautiful arrangement of the Greek honeysuckle +ornament; the parts being well defined, and the raffles of the leaves +brought out in a most extraordinary manner. The hanging of the gates is +also very ingenious. + +Mr. Soane's proposed entrances to Piccadilly and St. James's and Hyde +Parks, are generally considered superior to those that have been +adopted. The park entrances were to consist of two triumphal arches +connected with each other by a colonnade and arches stretching across +Piccadilly. The same ingenious architect likewise designed a new palace +at the top of Constitution Hill, from which to the House of Lords the +King should pass Buckingham House, Carlton House, a splendid Waterloo +and Trafalgar monument, a fine triumphal arch, the Privy Council Office, +Board of Trade, and the new law courts. + + * * * * * + + + + +LINES + +_On the origin of the application of the name of the "Fleur de +Souvenance," (modern "Forget-me-not,") to the Myosotis Scorpiodis._ + +(_For the Mirror._) + + + A gallant knight and a lady bright + Walk'd by a crystal lake; + The twin'd oaks made a grateful shade + Above the fangled brake, + While the trembling leaves of aspen trees + A murmuring music make. + + And as they spoke, round them echoes woke + To tales of love and glory; + The knight was brave, though of love the slave, + And the dame lov'd gallant story-- + Proudly he told deeds gentle and bold, + Of warriors dead or hoary. + + Like babe at rest on its mother's breast, + On that an island lay-- + So still and fair reigned Nature there-- + So bright the glist'ring spray, + You might have thought the scene had been wrought + By spell of faun or fay. + + On the island's edge, midst tangled sedge, + Lay a wreath of wild flow'rs blue-- + The broad flag-leaf was their sweet relief, + When the heat too fervid grew; + And the willow's shade a shelter made, + When stormy tempests blew. + + And as they stood, the faithful flood + Gave back ev'ry line and trace + Of earth below and heaven above, + And their own forms gallant grace-- + For forms more fair than that lovely pair + Ne'er shone on its liquid face. + + "I would a flower from that bright bower + Some nymph would waft to me-- + For in my eyes a dearer prize + Than glitt'ring gem 'twould be-- + For its changeless blue seems emblem true + Of love's own constancy." + + The maiden spake, and no more the lake + In slumb'ring stillness lay, + For from the side of his destin'd bride + The knight has pass'd away; + In vain the maid's soft words essay'd + His rash pursuit to stay. + + He has reach'd the tower, and pluck'd the flower. + And turn'd from the verdant spot. + Ah, hapless knight! some Naiad bright + Woo'd thee to her coral grot; + And forbids that more to touch that shore + Shall ever be thy lot. + + Vainly he tried to gain the side, + Where knelt his lady-love; + Flagg'd every limb, his eyes grew dim, + But still the spirit strove. + One effort more--he flings to shore + The flow'r so dear to prove. + 'Tis past! 'tis past! that look his last, + That fond sad glance of love + The bubbling wave his farewell gave + In the moan, "Forget me not." + +D.A.H + + +The above incident occurred in the time of Edward IV. + + * * * * * + + +HAVER BREAD. + +(_To the Editor of the Mirror._) + + +In the MIRROR, No. 358, the article headed "Memorable Days," the writer, +in that part of which the _Avver Bread_ is treated of, says it is +made of oats leavened and kneaded into a large, thin, round cake, which +is placed upon a girdle over the fire; adding, that he is totally at a +loss for a definition of the word Avver; that he has sometimes thought +avver, means oaten; which I think, correct, it being very likely a +corruption of the French, avoine, oats; introduced among many others, +into the Scottish language, during the great intimacy which formerly +existed between France and Scotland; in which latter country a great +many words were introduced from the former, which are still in use; such +as gabart, a large boat, or lighter, from the French gabarre; bawbee, +baspiece, a small copper coin; vennell, a lane, or narrow street, which +still retains its original pronunciation and meaning. Enfiler la vennel; +a common figurative expression for running away is still in use in +France. Apropos of vennell, Dr. Stoddard, in a "Pedestrian Tour through +the Land of Cakes," when a young man, says he could not trace its +meaning in any language, (I speak from memory) also made the same +observation where I was; being at that time on intimate terms with the +doctor, I pointed out to him its derivation from the Latin into the +French, and thence, probably, into the Scotch; the embryo L.L.D. stared, +and seemed chagrined, at receiving such information from a + +CREOLE. + +P.S. In no part of Great Britain, I believe, is oaten bread so much used +as in Scotland; from whence the term, "The Land of Cakes is derived." In +some parts of France, _Pain d'avoine_ has been in use in my time. + + * * * * * + + +EPITOME OF THE CRUSADES. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +The first Crusade[1] to the Holy Land was undertaken by numerous +Christian princes, who gained Jerusalem after it had been in possession +of the Saracens four hundred and nine years. Godfrey, of Boulogne, was +then chosen king by his companions in arms; but he had not long enjoyed +his new dignity, before he had occasion to march out against a great +army of Turks and Saracens, whom he overthrew, and killed one hundred +thousand of their men, besides taking much spoil. Shortly after this +victory, a pestilence happened, of which multitudes died; and the +contagion reaching Godfrey, the first Christian King of Jerusalem, +he also expired, on the 18th of July, 1100, having scarcely reigned +a full year. + +Godfrey's successors, the Baldwins, defeated the Turks in many +engagements. In the reign of Baldwin III., however, the Christians lost +Edessa, a circumstance which affected Pope Eugenius III. to such a +degree, that he prevailed on Conrad III., Emperor of Germany, to relieve +his brethren in Syria. In the year 1146, therefore, Conrad marched +through Greece, and soon afterwards encountered the Turkish army, which +he routed; he then proceeded to Iconium, the principal seat of the Turks +in Lesser Asia; but, for want of provisions and health, was compelled +to relinquish his design of taking that city, and to return home. Much +about the same period, Lewis VIII., of France, made an expedition to +the Holy Land, but was wholly unsuccessful in his attempts against the +enemy. Notwithstanding these failures, King Baldwin, relying on his +own strength, gained possession of Askalon, and defeated the Turks in +numerous actions. Previous to his death, which was caused by poison, +in 1163, he was the victorious sovereign of Jerusalem and the greatest +part of Syria. + +During the reign of Baldwin IV., Saladin, Sultan of Egypt, invaded +Palestine, and took several towns, notwithstanding the valour of +the Christians. In the succeeding reign of King Guy, however, the +Christians, still unfortunate, received a _decisive blow_, which +tended to the decline of their independence in the Holy Land; for, among +other places of importance, Saladin made a capture of Jerusalem, and +took its king prisoner. When the conqueror entered the holy city, he +profaned every sacred place, save the Temple of the Sepulchre, (which +the Christians redeemed with an immense sum of money,) and drove the +Latin Christians from their abodes, who were only allowed to carry what +they could hastily collect on their backs, either to Tripoly, Antioch, +or Tyre, the only three places which then remained in the Christians' +possession. All the monuments were demolished, except those of our +Saviour, King Godfrey, and Baldwin I.[2] The city was yielded to the +captors on the 2nd of October, 1187, after the Christians had possessed +it about eighty-nine years. + +These calamitous transactions in Palestine greatly alarmed all Europe, +and several princes speedily resolved to oppose the career of the +oppressors, and to leave no means untried of regaining the kingdom of +Jerusalem. In furtherance of this design, the Emperor Frederic marched +into Palestine with a powerful army, and defeated the Turks near +Melitena; he afterwards met them near Comogena, where he also routed +them, but was unhappily killed in the action. Some time after this, +King Philip, of France, and Richard I., of England, engaged in a crusade +for the relief of the Christians. Philip arrived first, and proceeded +to Ptolemais, which King Guy, having obtained his liberty, was then +besieging. King Richard, in his passage, was driven with his fleet upon +the coast of Cyprus, but was not permitted to land; this so highly +offended him, that he landed his whole army by force, and soon over-ran +the island. He was at length opposed by the king of Cyprus, whom he took +prisoner, and carried in chains to Ptolemais, where he was welcomed with +great rejoicings by the besiegers, who stood in much need of assistance. +It would he superfluous to relate here the particulars of the siege; let +it suffice to say, that after a general assault had been given, a breach +was made, so that the assailants were enabled to enter the city, which +Saladin surrendered to them upon articles, on the 12th of July, 1191. +King Richard here obtained the title of _Coeur de Lion_, for having +taken down Duke Leopold's standard, that was first fixed in the breach, +and placed his own in its stead. + +After the taking of Ptolemais, King Philip and many other princes +returned home, leaving King Richard in Palestine to prosecute the war in +concert with Guy, whom Richard, in a short time afterwards, persuaded to +accept of the crown of Cyprus, in lieu of his pretences to Jerusalem. +By these crafty means, Richard caused himself to be proclaimed King of +Jerusalem; but while he was preparing to besiege that city, he received +news that the French were about to invade England. He was therefore +compelled to conclude a peace with Saladin, not very advantageous to +Christendom, and to return to Europe. But meeting with bad weather, he +was driven on the coast of Histria; and, while endeavouring to travel +through the country in the habit of a templar, was taken prisoner +by Duke Leopold, of Austria, who became his enemy at the siege of +Ptolemais. The duke sold him for forty thousand pounds to the emperor, +Henry VI., who soon afterwards had a hundred thousand pounds for his +ransom. + +About the same period, Sultan Saladin, the most formidable enemy the +Christians ever encountered, died; an event which caused Pope Celestine +to prevail on the emperor, Henry VI., of Germany, to make a new +expedition against the Turks, who were in consequence defeated; but +the emperor's general, the Duke of Saxony, being killed, and the +emperor himself dying soon afterwards, the Germans returned home +without accomplishing the object of their expedition. They had no sooner +departed than the Turks, in revenge, nearly drove the Christians from +the Holy Land, and took all the strong towns which the Crusaders had +gained, excepting Tyre and Ptolemais. In 1199, a fleet was fitted out +at the instigation of Pope Innocent III. against the infidels. On this +occasion, the Christians, notwithstanding their strenuous exertions, +failed of taking Jerusalem, though several other important places were +delivered to them. + +In the year 1228, Frederic, Emperor of Germany, set out from Brundusium +to Palestine, took Jerusalem, which the enemy had left in a desolate +condition, and caused himself to be proclaimed king. But, after this +conquest, he was obliged to return to his own country, where his +presence was required. The Turks immediately assembled a prodigious army +for regaining the Holy City, which they ultimately took, putting the +German garrison to the sword, in the year 1234; since which time, the +Christian powers, weary of these useless expeditions, have made no +considerable effort to possess it. + +The Christians were entirely driven from Palestine and Syria in the year +1291, about one hundred and ninety-two years after the capture of +Jerusalem by Godfrey of Boulogne. + +G.W.N. + + [1] An account of the original _instigator_ of the Crusades + will be found in vol. viii. of the MIRROR, page 232. + + [2] The Turks generally show some regard to real piety and valour. + + * * * * * + + +SHAKSPEARE.--A FRAGMENT. + +(_For the Mirror._) + + + The empty passions of the angry world, + The loves of heroes, the despair of maids, + The rage of kings, of beggars and of slaves, + Shakspeare alone attun'd to song.--The rest essay'd. + Laureate of bards! thyself unsung + Would stamp us reckless. + +CYMBELINE. + + * * * * * + + + + +RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS. + + * * * * * + + +REGAL TABLET. + +(_Continued from page 111._) + + +EDWARD II. began his reign 7th July, 1307, ended 25th Jan. 1327. + +_Popes_. + +Clement V., 1305. +John XXII., 1316. + +_Emperor of the East._ + +Andronicus II., 1283. + +_Emperors of the West_. + +Albert I., 1278. +Henry VII., 1308. +Frederic III., 1314. + +_France_. +Philip IV., 1285. +Louis X., 1314. +Charles IV. 1322. + +_Scotland_. +Robert Bruce, 1306. + + * * * * * + +EDWARD III. began his reign 25th Jan. 1327, ended 21st June, 1377. + +_Popes_. + +John XXII., 1316. +Benedict XII., 1334. +Clement VI., 1342. +Innocent VI., 1352. +Urban V., 1362. +Gregory XI., 1370. + +_Emperors of the East_. + +Andronicus II., 1283. +Andronicus III., 1332. +John V., 1341. +John VI., 1355. + +_Emperors of the West_. + +Frederic III., 1314. +Louis IV., 1330. +Edward Baliol, 1332. +David II. (again), 1342. +Charles IV., 1347. +Robert II., 1370. + +_France_. + +Charles IV., 1322. +Philip VI., 1328. +John I., 1355. +Charles V., 1364. + +_Scotland_. + +Robert Bruce, 1306. +David II., 1330. +Edward Baliol, 1332. +David II. (again), 1342. +Robert II., 1370. + + * * * * * + +RICHARD II. began his reign 21st June, 1377, ended 29th Sept. 1399. + +_Popes_. + +Gregory XI., 1370. +Urban VI., 1378. +Boniface IX., 1389. + +_Emperors of the East._ + +John VI., 1355. +Emanuel II., 1391. + +_Emperors of the West_. + +Charles IV., 1347. +Weneslaus, 1378. + +_France_. + +Charles V., 1364. +Charles VI., 1380. + +_Scotland_. + +Robert II., 1370. +Robert III., 1390. + + * * * * * + +(_House of Lancaster._) + +HENRY IV. began his reign 29th Sept. 1399, ended 20th March, 1413. + +_Popes_. + +Boniface IX., 1389. +Innocent VII., 1404. + +_Emperors of the West_. + +Weneslaus, 1378. + +_Popes_. + +Gregory XII. 1406. +Alexander V. 1409. +John XXIII. 1410. + +_Emperor of the East_. + +Emanuel II., 1391. + +_Emperors of the West_. + +Robert le Pet, 1400. +Sigismund, 1410. + +_France_. + +Charles VI., 1380. + +_Scotland_. + +Robert III., 1390. + + * * * * * + +HENRY V. began his reign 20th March, 1413, ended 31st August, 1422. + +_Popes_. + +John XXIII. 1410. +Martin V., 1417. + +_Emperor of the East_. + +Emanuel II., 1391. + +_Emperor of the West_. + +Sigismund, 1410. + +_France_. + +Charles VI., 1380. +Charles VII. 1422. + +_Scotland_. + +Robert III., 1390. + + * * * * * + +HENRY VI. began his reign 31st August, 1422, ended 4th March, 1461. + +_Popes_. + +Martin V., 1417. +Eugenius IV. 1431. +Nicholas V., 1447. +Galixus III. 1455. +Pius II., 1458. + +_Emperors of the East_. + +Emanuel II., 1391. +John VII., 1426. +Constantine III., + last emperor 1448. + +_Emperors of the West_. + +Sigismund, 1410. +Albert II., 1438. +Frederic IV., 1440. + +_France_. + +Charles VII. 1422. +Louis XI., 1440. + +_Scotland_. + +Robert III., 1390. +James I., 1424. +James II., 1437. +James III., 1440. + + * * * * * + +(_House of York._) + +EDWARD IV. began his reign 4th March, 1461, ended 9th April, 1483. + +_Popes_. + +Pius II., 1458. +Paul II., 1464. +Sixtus IV., 1471. + +_Emperor of the West_. + +Frederic IV., 1440. + +_France_. + +Louis XI., 1440. + +_Scotland_. + +James III., 1440. + + * * * * * + +EDWARD V. began his reign 9th April, 1483, ended 22nd June, 1483. + +Contemporaries as the last reign. + + * * * * * + +RICHARD III. began his reign 22nd June, 1483, ended 22nd August, 1485. + +Contemporaries again, as before. + + * * * * * + +(_Lancaster and York united._) + +HENRY VII. began his reign 22nd August, 1485, ended 22nd April, 1509. + +_Popes._ + +Innocent VIII., 1484. +Alexander VI. 1492. +Pius III., 1593. +Julius II., 1503. + +_Emperors of Germany._ + +Frederic IV., 1440. +Maximilian I. 1493. + +_France._ + +Charles VIII. 1485. +Louis XII., 1498. + +_Scotland._ + +James III., 1460. +James IV., 1489. + + * * * * * + +HENRY VIII. began his reign 22nd April, 1509, ended 28th Jan. 1547. + +_Popes._ + +Julius II., 1503. +Leo X., 1513. +Adrian VI., 1521. +Clement VII. 1523. +Paul III., 1534. + +_Emperors of Germany._ + +Maximilian I. 1493. +Charles V., 1519. + +_France._ + +Louis XII., 1498. +Francis I., 1515. +Henry II., 1547. + +_Scotland._ + +James IV., 1489. +James V., 1514. +Mary, 1542. + + * * * * * + +EDWARD VI. began his reign 28th Jan. 1547, ended 6th July, 1553. + +_Popes._ + +Paul III., 1534. +Julius III., 1550. + +_Emperor of Germany._ + +Charles V., 1519. + +_France._ + +Henry II., 1547. + +_Scotland._ + +Mary, 1542. + + * * * * * + +MARY began her reign 6th July, 1553, ended 17th Nov. 1558. + +_Popes._ + +Julius III., 1550. +Marcellus II. 1555. +Paul IV., 1555. + +_Emperors of Germany._ + +Charles V., 1519. +Ferdinand, 1556. + +And the other contemporary princes as in the last reign. + + * * * * * + +ELIZABETH began her reign 17th Nov. 1558, ended 24th March, 1603. + +_Popes._ + +Paul IV., 1555. +Pius IV., 1559. +Pius V., 1565. +Gregory XIII., 1572. +Sixtus V., 1585. +Urban VII., 1590. +Gregory XIV., 1590. + +_Emperors of Germany._ + +Ferdinand I., 1556. +Maximilian II. 1564. +Rodolphus II. 1576. + +_France._ + +Henry II., 1547. +Francis II., 1559. +Charles IX., 1560. +Henry III., 1574. +Henry IV., 1589. + +_Popes._ + +Innocent IX. 1501. +Clement VIII., 1592. + +_Scotland._ + +Mary, 1542. +James VI., 1567. + + * * * * * + +_Union of the two crowns of England and Scotland._ + +JAMES I. began his reign 24th March, 1603, ended 27th March, 1625. + +_Popes._ + +Clement VIII., 1592. +Leo IX., 1605. +Paul III., 1605. +Gregory XV. 1621. +Urban VIII. 1623. + +_Emperors of Germany._ + +Rodolphus II. 1576. +Matthias I., 1612. +Ferdinand III. 1619. + +_France._ + +Henry IV., 1589. +Louis XIII., 1610. + +_Spain & Portugal._ + +Philip III., 1507. +Philip IV., 1620. + +_Denmark._ + +Christian IV. 1588. + +_Sweden._ + +Sigismund, 1592. +Charles IX., 1606. +Gustavus II. 1611. + + * * * * * + +CHARLES I. began his reign 27th March, 1625, beheaded 30th Jan. 1648. + +_Popes._ + +Urban VIII. 1623. +Innocent X., 1644. + +_Emperors of Germany._ + +Ferdinand II. 1619. +Ferdinand III. 1637. + +_France._ + +Louis XIII., 1610. +Louis XIV., 1643. + +_Spain & Portugal._ + +Philip IV., 1620. + +_Portugal only._ + +John IV., 1640. + +_Denmark._ + +Christian IV. 1583. +Frederic III. 1648. + +_Sweden._ + +Gustavus II. 1611. +Christiana, 1633. + + * * * * * + +The Inter-regnum and Usurpation under + +OLIVER CROMWELL, from 30th Jan. 1648, to 29th May, 1660. + +_Popes._ + +Innocent X., 1644. +Alexander VII., 1655. + +_Emperors of Germany._ + +Ferdinand III., 1637. +Leopold I., 1658. + +_France._ + +Louis XIV., 1643. + +_Spain._ + +Philip IV., 1620. + +_Portugal._ + +John IV., 1640. +Alonzo VI., 1656. + +_Denmark._ + +Frederic III. 1646. + +_Sweden._ + +Christiana, 1633. +Charles X., 1653. + + * * * * * + +_The remainder of this very useful Tablet, which has been compiled +by a Correspondent, expressly for our pages, will be found in the +Supplement published with the present No._ + + * * * * * + + + + +THE ANECDOTE GALLERY. + + * * * * * + +ANECDOTES OF A DIANA MONKEY. + +_By Mrs. Bowdich._ + + +An old ship companion of mine was a native of the Gold Coast, and was of +the Diana species. He had been purchased by the cook of the vessel in +which I sailed from Africa, and was considered his exclusive property. +Jack's place then was close to the cabooce; but as his education +progressed, he was gradually allowed an increase of liberty, till at +last he enjoyed the range of the whole ship, except the cabin. I had +embarked with more than a mere womanly aversion to monkeys, it was +absolute antipathy; and although I often laughed at Jack's freaks, still +I kept out of his way, till a circumstance brought with it a closer +acquaintance, and cured me of my dislike. Our latitude was three degrees +south, and we only proceeded by occasional tornadoes, the intervals of +which were filled up by dead calms and bright weather; when these +occurred during the day, the helm was frequently lashed, and all the +watch went below. On one of these occasions I was sitting alone on the +deck, and reading intently, when, in an instant, something jumped upon +my shoulders, twisted its tale round my neck, and screamed close to my +ears. My immediate conviction that it was Jack scarcely relieved me: but +there was no help; I dared not cry for assistance, because I was afraid +of him, and dared not obey the next impulse, which was to thump him off, +for the same reason, I therefore became civil from necessity, and from +that moment Jack and I entered into an alliance. He gradually loosened +his hold, looked at my face, examined my hands and rings with the most +minute attention, and soon found the biscuit which lay by my side. When +I liked him well enough to profit by his friendship, he became a +constant source of amusement. Like all other nautical monkeys, he was +fond of pulling off the men's caps as they slept, and throwing them into +the sea; of knocking over the parrots' cages to drink the water as it +trickled along the deck, regardless of the occasional gripe he received; +of taking the dried herbs out of the tin mugs in which the men were +making tea of them; of dexterously picking out the pieces of biscuit +which were toasting between the bars of the grate; of stealing the +carpenter's tools; in short, of teasing every thing and every body: but +he was also a first-rate _equestrian_. Whenever the pigs were let +out to take a run on deck, he took his station behind a cask, whence he +leaped on the back of one of his steeds as it passed. Of course the +speed was increased, and the nails he stuck in to keep himself on, +produced a squeaking: but Jack was never thrown, and became so fond of +the exercise, that he was obliged to be shut up whenever the pigs were +at liberty. Confinement was the worst punishment he could receive, and +whenever threatened with that, or any other, he would cling to me for +protection. At night, when about to be sent to bed in an empty hencoop, +he generally hid himself under my shawl, and at last never suffered any +one but myself to put him to rest. He was particularly jealous of the +other monkeys on board, who were all smaller than himself, and put two +out of his way. The first feat of the kind was performed in my presence: +he began by holding out his paw, and making a squeaking noise, which the +other evidently considered as an invitation; the poor little thing +crouched to him most humbly; but Jack seized him by the neck, hopped off +to the side of the vessel, and threw him into the sea. We cast out a +rope immediately, but the monkey was too frightened to cling to it, and +we were going too fast to save him by any other means. Of course, Jack +was flogged and scolded, at which he was very penitent; but the +deceitful rogue, at the end of three days, sent another victim to the +same destiny. But his spite against his own race was manifested at +another time in a very original way. The men had been painting the +ship's side with a streak of white, and upon being summoned to dinner, +left their brushes and paint on deck. Unknown to Jack, I was seated +behind the companion door, and saw the whole transaction; he called a +little black monkey to him, who, like the others, immediately crouched +to his superior, when he seized him by the nape of the neck with one +paw, took the brush, dripping with paint, with the other, and covered +him with white from head to foot. Both the man at the helm and myself +burst into a laugh, upon which Jack dropped his victim, and scampered up +the rigging. The unhappy little beast began licking himself, but I +called the steward, who washed him so well with turpentine, that all +injury was prevented; but during our bustle Jack was peeping with his +black nose through the bars of the maintop, apparently enjoying the +confusion. For three days he persisted in remaining aloft; no one could +catch him, he darted with such rapidity from rope to rope; at length, +impelled by hunger, he dropped unexpectedly from some height on my +knees, as if for refuge, and as he had thus confided in me, I could not +deliver him up to punishment. + +The only way in which I could control his tricks was by showing him to +the panther on board, which excited his fears very strongly. I used to +hold him up by his tail, and the instant he saw the panther he would +become perfectly stiff, shut his eyes, and pretend to be dead. When I +moved away, he would relax his limbs, and open one eye very cautiously; +but if he caught a glimpse of the panther's cage, the eyes were quickly +closed, and he resumed the rigidity of death. After four months' sojourn +together, I quitted Jack off the Scilly Islands, and understood that I +was very much regretted: he unceasingly watched for me in the morning, +and searched for me in every direction, even venturing into the cabin; +nor was he reconciled to my departure when my servants left the vessel +at Gravesend.--_Mag. Natural History._ + + * * * * * + + + + +NOTES OF A READER. + + * * * * * + +COMPANION TO THE THEATRES. + + +It must be owned that such a _little book_ as this has long been +wanted; for of all writing, that relating to the stage is the most +diffuse. It is scattered about in biography, criticism and anecdote, not +unfrequently of great interest, but occupying so much "valuable" time, +that to condense it, or to pick the wheat from the chaff, is no trifling +task. So much for the amusement which our "Companion" may yield to the +Londoner: his utility as a cicerone or guide will be more obvious to our +country friends, who flock in thousands to see and hear comedy and +tragedy at this play-going season. A young girl comes to town to see +"the lions," and, with her "cousin," goes to the opera, where _one +guinea_ is paid for their admission, or even more if they be +_installed_. Two Londoners would buy their tickets during the day, +and thus pay but 17_s_. Another party are dying to hear Braham +sing, or Paton warble her nightingale notes among the canvass groves and +hollyhock gardens of Drury Lane and Covent Garden; or to sup on the +frowning woes of tragedy, the intrigues of an interlude dished up as an +_entremet_, or a melodrama for a ragout; or the wit and waggery of +a farce, sweet and soft-flowing like a _petit-verre_, to finish the +repast. They go, and between the acts try to count the wax and gas, the +feet, and foot lights till they are purblind; they return home and dream +of Desdemona, sing themselves to sleep with the notes of the last song, +are haunted with the odd physiognomy of Liston, and repeat the +farce-laugh till the dream is broken. Next day it is mighty pleasant to +read how many hundred people the theatre will hold, how many pounds they +all paid to get there; and how the splendid pile of Drury Lane rose on +the area of a cockpit: and how Garrick played Macbeth in a court suit, +and John Kemble enacted the sufferings of Hamlet in _powdered_ +hair. Upon all these subjects the Companion is conversant, although he +does not set up for Sir Oracle, or shake his head like Burleigh. In +short, he tells of "many things," from the cart of Thespis and the Roman +theatres, with their 6,000 singers and dancers, to the companies on the +present stages. + +Thus, we have the Origin of the Drama--Rise of the Drama in +England--Early English Theatres--Descriptions of all the London +Theatres--and a pleasant chapter on the Italian Opera. The Appendix +contains pithy chronologies of the dramatists and actors, bygone +and contemporary--origin of all the varieties of the drama--the +topography of the stage and scenery, costume--expenses of the +theatres--masquerades--play-bills and editions of plays, and a host +of theatrical customs. In truth, the book is as full as the tail of a +fine lobster, and will doubtless repay the time and research which its +preparation must have occupied. There is also a, frontispiece of the +fronts of the twelve London Theatres. + + * * * * * + + +ORNITHOLOGY. + +Mr. James Jennings has favoured us with a copy of his _Ornithologia; +or the Birds_, a poem; with copious _Notes;_ &c. The latter +portion is to us the most interesting, especially as it contains an +immense body of valuable research into the history and economy of birds, +in a pleasant, piquant, anecdotical style, without any of the quaintness +or crabbedness of scientific technicality. Mr. Jennings's volume is +therefore well adapted for presentation to young persons; whilst the +knowledge which it displays, entitles it to a much higher stand than a +mere book of amusement. To illustrate what we have said in its praise, +the reader will find in the _Supplement_ to the present Number, two +or three of the most attractive _Notes_ under "THE NATURALIST," +which likewise contains _Three Engravings_ of very curious subjects +in other departments of Natural History. + + * * * * * + + +CONVERSATIONS ON GEOLOGY. + +We have already spoken in favourable terms of this volume. It consists +of 15 conversations of a family circle, comprising a familiar explanation +of the Huttonian and Wernerian systems; the Mosaic geology, as explained +by Penn; and the late discoveries of Buckland, Humboldt, Macculloch, and +others. By way of specimen, we take a portion of a conversation which +introduces the very interesting subject of the _formation of coal_: + +_Edward_.--As the Huttonians evidently fail in proving coal to be +produced by fusion, I hope the Wernerians may succeed better, for I +should be sorry if so interesting a subject were left unexplained. + +_Mrs. R._--To understand their account, it will be requisite for +you to recollect the process of the formation of bogs and marshes, as it +is from these that Werner derives coal. What I told you, also, of the +change produced on wood by being long exposed to moisture and kept from +contact with the air, will be of use here, as wood, in all stages of +change, is often found in coal-fields, in the same way as in peat-bogs. + +_Edward_. That is a very strong circumstance in favour of the +alleged origin. + +_Mrs. R_. There are some facts, indeed, connected with this, which +prove this origin beyond question, as you will admit, when I tell you +that specimens of wood are often found partly converted into coal and +partly unchanged, or petrified by some other mineral. + +_Edward_. This will, at least, be direct proof that wood may be +converted into coal. + +_Mrs. R_. One instance of this kind is mentioned by Brand, in his +"History of Newcastle," as having been brought from Iceland, by Sir +Joseph Banks. Dr. Rennie, in his "Essay on Peat Moss," gives a still +stronger example. In the parish of Kilsyth, he tells us, there was +found, in a solid bed of sandstone, the trunk of a tree in an erect +position, the indentations of the bark and marks of the branches being +in many parts of it still obvious. It rose from a bed of coal below the +sandstone, and the roots which reached the coal, as well as the bark for +an inch thick round the trunk, were completely converted into coal, +while the centre consisted of sandstone. This specimen I have myself +seen in the parsonage garden of Kilsyth, and this description is most +accurate. Sir George Mackenzie lately found a specimen precisely +similar, in the face of a sandstone rock in Lothian, and I have seen +numerous specimens of bamboos and reeds in the sandstone quarries of +Glasgow, with the bark converted into coal, and the centre filled with +sandstone. + +_Edward_.--But would not this prove that sandstone, also, was +derived from wood? + +_Mrs. R._--No: it would only prove that the centre had been +destroyed and removed; for the sandstone is not chemically composed of +vegetable substances, but the coal is. + +_Edward_--Still, I cannot conceive by what process the conversion +is effected. + +_Mrs. R._ By a natural process, evidently; being a continuation of +that which converts mosses and marshes into peat. Nay, it is supposed +not to stop at the formation of coal, but, by a continuation of the +causes, the coal becomes jet, and even amber. The eminent chemist, +Fourcroy, in proof of this, mentions a specimen in which one end was +wood, little changed, and the other pure jet; and Chaptal tells us, that +at Montpellier there are dug up whole cart-loads of trees converted into +jet, though the original forms are so perfectly preserved that he could +often detect the species; and, among others, he mentions birch and +walnut. What is even more remarkable, he found a wooden pail and a +wooden shovel converted into pure jet. + +_Edward._ Then I suppose, from all these details, that coal might +be formed artificially, by imitating the natural process. + +_Mrs. R._ Mr. Hatchett made many ingenious and successful +experiments with this design, and Dr. Macculloch has more recently +succeeded in actually making coal. One of the strongest instances of the +process, is the existence of a great quantity of wood only half +converted into coal, at Bovey, near Exeter; this has been much discussed +by the geologists; but there is a bed of coal found at Locle, on the +continent, which is said to have been formed almost within the memory of +man, though I have not yet seen any good account of it. + +Altogether, we have been much gratified with these Conversations. As a +hint, _en passant_, we remind the editor of such an oversight as +that at p. 350-1, "Order in which the _strata lies_ in the Paris +basin." + + * * * * * + +THE IDLER. + +There were many newspapers in the room, but there was nothing in them. +There was a clock, but it did not seem to go; at least, so he thought, +but after looking at it for a very long time he found it did go, but it +went very slowly. Then he looked at his watch, and that went as slow as +the clock. Then he took up the newspapers again one after the other very +deliberately. He read the sporting intelligence and the fashionable +news. But he did not read very attentively, as he afterwards discovered. +Then he looked at the clock again, and was almost angry at the +imperturbable monotony of its face. Then he took out his pocket-book to +amuse himself by reading his memorandums, but they were very few, and +very unintelligible. Then he rose up from his seat, and went to the +window; and looked at the people in the street; he thought they looked +very stupid, and wondered what they could all find to do with +themselves. He looked at the carriages, and saw none with coronets, +except now and then a hackney-coach. Then he began to pick his teeth, +and that reminded him of eating; and then he rang the bell, which +presently brought a waiter; and he took that opportunity of drawling out +the word "waiter" in such lengthened tone, as if resolved to make one +word last as long as possible.--_Rank and Talent_. + + * * * * * + + +THE BATTLE OF GIBEON. + +VERSES ILLUSTRATIVE OF MARTIN S JOSHUA. + + +"For every battle of the warrior is with confused noise and garments +rolled in blood but this with burning and fuel of fire."--ISAIAH ix. 5. + + + From Gilgal's camp went forth, at dead of night, + The host of Israel: with the rising sun + They stood arrayed against the Amorite, + Beneath the regal heights of Gibeon, + Glorious in morning's splendour! Lebanon, + Dim in the distance, reared its lofty head; + Light clouds o'erbung the vale of Ajalon, + And the Five Armies, by their monarchs led, + Not to mere mortal fight, but conflict far more dread. + + How beautiful, at matin's early prime, + Valley, and mountain, and that city fair! + Magnificent, yet fearfully sublime, + In few brief hours the scene depicted there! + Below the battle raged, and high in air + The gathering clouds, with tempest in their womb, + A supernatural darkness seem'd to wear; + As heralding, by their portentous gloom, + Victory to Israel's host, her foes' impending doom! + + Upon a jutting crag, below the height + Where stands the royal city in its pride, + The ark is rested! in the people's sight + The priests and Joshua standing by its side; + Awhile the chief the sea of battle eyed, + Which heaved beneath:--in accents undismayed, + "Sun, stand thou still on Gibeon!" he cried, + "And thou, O Moon, o'er Ajalon be stayed!" + And holiest records tell the mandate was obeyed. + + Look on the horrid conflict; mark the stream + Of lurid and unnatural light that falls, + Like some wild meteors bright terrific gleam, + On Gibeon's steep and battlemented walls; + Her royal palace, and her pillared halls, + Seeming more gorgeous in its vivid blaze! + While o'er proud Lebanon the storm appals, + In jagged lines the arrowy lightning plays, + Soften'd to Israel's sight by intervening haze. + + But o'er the Amoritish camp the cloud + Bursts in its fury! on the race abhorred + The parting heavens, as from a pitchy shroud. + Their desolating hail-storm's wrath out-poured, + More vengeful in its ire than Israel's sword! + Thus was deliverance unto Gibeon shown; + And by the fearful battle of the Lord, + The army of the Amorites o'erthrown, + And the almighty power of Israel's God made known. + + Made known by marvels awfully sublime! + Yet far more glorious in the Christian's sight + Than these stern terrors of the olden time, + The gentler splendours of that peaceful night, + When opening clouds display'd, in vision bright, + The heavenly host to Bethlehem's shepherd train, + Shedding around them more than cloudless light! + "Glory to God on high!" their opening strain, + Its chorus, "Peace on earth!" its theme Messiah's reign! + + +_Bernard Barton's New Year's Eve, &c._ + + * * * * * + + +MAKING ACQUAINTANCE. + +What could be more natural than for Mr. Jackson to say to Dr. Smith, "I +am going to call on Markham?" And what could be more natural than for +Dr. Smith to say, "I will go with you, and you may introduce me?" So +then Markham's friend, Jackson, leaves his card, and Jackson's friend, +Dr. Smith, leaves his card too.--_Rank and Talent._ + + * * * * * + + +GENTLEMEN'S FASHIONS. + +We read much of the luxurious effeminacy of the old Romans, their +fantastically curled hair, their favourite robes, &c.; but what will +posterity think of some of the modes of puppyism in our times, when they +read in a chronicle of fashion, dated 1829, that gentlemen wore elegant +drab cloth opera manteaux lined with scarlet velvet, and confined at the +collar with a gold chain! In another dress, the waistcoat is directed to +be made of "a very beautiful white embroidered velvet;" "some young +_men_ have appeared at balls with blue dress gloves embroidered +with white;" "the _system_ of the cravat is to form the +_organization_ of linen on the breast," the very "march" of +foppery; "cloaks of the gentlemen lined with plush silk of celestial +blue;" "at balls our young exquisites sport pocket-handkerchiefs of fine +lawn, with a hem as broad as their thumbs; the corners _only_ are +embroidered:" "shoes tied with a small _rosette_;" "a young +gentleman now suffers his hair to grow, has it curled, and parted on the +left side of the forehead," &c. &c.--This out-herods Herod. + + * * * * * + + +PICTURE OF LONDON. + +A new edition of this very useful and attractive volume has just +appeared, re-edited by Mr. Britton, who, by his extensive architectural +knowledge, as well as by his popular style of imparting that knowledge, +is calculated to produce a better "Picture of London" than any other +writer within our acquaintance. The introduction is, of course, the most +novel part of this edition, and as it enables Mr. Britton to embody much +authentic information on the public works now in progress, we have +abridged a few of these details, which will be found in a Supplement +published with the present Number. The _Picture of London_ was, we +believe, first printed in 1806; and the extensive patronage which it +has enjoyed during twenty-two years has been well deserved by its +progressive completeness. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE SELECTOR; + +AND + +LITERARY NOTICES OF + +_NEW WORKS._ + + * * * * * + + +RANK AND TALENT. + +_By the Author of Penelope, or Love's Labour Lost._ + + +In our last volume we devoted nearly six of our columns to an outline of +the predecessor of the present work, or the novel of _Penelope_. We +there stated our opinion of the author's talents in a peculiar style of +novel-writing--a sort of mixture of satire and fashion, without the +starchness of the one, or the silly affectation of the other--abounding +in well-drawn pictures of real life, free from caricature, and teeming +with home-truths, in themselves of such plainness and ready application, +as to make precept and example follow on with near approaches to +probability and truth. + +The author's _forte_ unquestionably lies in this species of +writing, and his "_Rank and Talent_" will, we think, bear us out in +this opinion. The story or canvass of the novel is simple, and well +prepared for his sketches and finished portraits of character. They +belong to fashionable and middle life, and the conceits and +eccentricities, as well as the straightforward integrity of their +stations are illustrated with peculiar force. Sound moral and knowledge +of the world are occasionally introduced with great tact, for the author +is no stranger to the inmost workings and recesses of the human heart; +and he adapts these lessons, and dovetails them with the narrative, in a +clever and agreeable style. + +The outline of the story may be briefly told. The Hon. Philip Martindale +has an action brought against him, at the assizes, for the false +imprisonment of one Richard Smith, as a poacher; although the object of +the defendant was a beautiful girl residing with the defendant. Clara +Rivolta is rudely cross-examined as a witness; whilst the plaintiff's +case is conducted by Horatio Markham, an intelligent young barrister, +whose parents reside in the town where the action is tried. The cousin +of the defendant, Mr. John Martindale, an eccentric old gentleman who +builds an abbey for his titled relative to occupy, whilst he himself +lives in a cottage on the estate; seeks an acquaintance with Markham. +These parties reside at Brigland, and Philip Martindale, a dissipated +lover of the turf, who is dependent on his capricious cousin for his +supplies; and Horatio Markham, the hero, are thus introduced. Then we +have a country curate of the higher order, together with his loquacious +_half_; which are excellent portraits. + +John Martindale is one of those eccentric beings--half-aristocrat, and +half-liberal, which are more rare in society than they were fifty years +since; and upon this curious compound turns the narrative. Clara Rivolta +and her mother, Signora Rivolta, the wife of Colonel R. quit their +native Italy, and visit Brigland, where old Martindale, on the +discovery, acknowledges the Signora as the fruit of an early imprudence +on the continent, and finally leaves them a large fortune. Clara is +married to Markham, and Philip Martindale, afterwards Earl of +Trimmerstone, marries a gay, giddy girl, who elopes with a perfumed +puppy of the first fragrance. + +The round of the earl's dissipation is but a sorry picture of the +prostitution of rank; but the connexion leads us into a succession of +scenes of fashionable life, which are vividly drawn, as are two or three +of their adjuncts,--a popular west-end preacher, an anti-nervous +physician, the dandy already mentioned, a noble gambler, and a rich city +knight and his aspiring family--all of which are to the life. + +Our extracts must be detached from the narrative; but they may serve to +illustrate the felicitous vein in which the characters are drawn. + +The means by which Signora Rivolta is discovered by Martindale, is well +managed. One morning after the old gentleman had been amusing his +visiters with some Italian views, Mr. Denver, the curate, introduced to +Mr. Martindale with great parade Colonel Rivolta, whom he described as +having recently made his escape from the continent, where he was exposed +to persecution, if not to death, on account of his political opinions. +The reverend gentleman then proceeded to state, that the colonel had +previously to his own arrival in England sent over his wife and +daughter, whom he had committed to the care of Richard Smith; that with +them he had also transmitted some property, which old Richard had +invested for their use and benefit; that unfortunately the very first +night of the colonel's arrival at Brigland, the cottage in which Richard +Smith dwelt had been robbed by a gipsy; that in consequence of that +event the poor old man had been so seriously alarmed, that he had been +totally unable to attend to any thing, and that he had died, leaving +this poor foreigner in a strange land not knowing how to proceed as +to the recovery of his little property. After an interview, in which +Martindale promises the colonel his assistance, the latter was rising to +take leave, when his eye was arrested by a print which Mr. Martindale +held in his hand, and which he had unrolled while he was talking. As +soon as the colonel saw the picture, he recognised the scene which it +represented, and uttered an ejaculation, indicative of surprise and +pleasure. Mr. Martindale then, for the first time, observed the print, +and noticed its subject; he also looked upon it with surprise, but not +with pleasure; and then he asked the stranger if that scene were +familiar to him, with very great emotion the colonel replied:--"That +scene brings to my recollection the happiest day of my life." + +For a few seconds the party were totally silent; for the clergyman and +the foreigner were struck dumb with astonishment at the altered looks of +the old gentleman, and were surprised to see him crushing the picture +in both hands. He then, as if with an effort of great resolution, +exclaimed:--"And it brings to my recollection the most miserable day +of my life." + + * * * * * + +The agitation of the old gentleman abated, and he replied: "I thank you +for your kindness, sir, but my sorrow arises from self-reproach. I have +inflicted injuries which can never be redressed." He hesitated, as if +wishing, but dreading to say more. Then changing the tone of his voice, +as if he were about to speak on some totally different subject, he +continued addressing himself to Colonel Rivolta:--"I presume, sir, you +are a native of Genoa, or you are very familiar with that city." "I was +born," replied the foreigner, "at Naples; but very early in life I was +removed to Genoa, that I might be engaged in merchandize; for my +patrimony was very small, and my relations would have despised me, had I +endeavoured by any occupation to gain a livelihood in my native city." +"Then you were not originally destined for the army?" "I was not; but +after I had been some few years in Genoa, I began to grow weary of the +pursuits of merchandize, and indeed to feel some of that pride of which +I had accused my relations, and I thought that I should be satisfied +with very little if I might be free from the occupation of the merchant; +and while I was so thinking, I met by chance an old acquaintance who +persuaded me to undertake the profession of arms, to which I was indeed +not reluctant. And so I left my merchandise, and did not see Genoa again +for nearly two years. It was then that I was so much interested in that +scene which the picture portrays; for in a very small house which is in +the same street, directly opposite to that palace, there lived an old +woman, whose name was ----" + +The attention of the old gentleman had been powerfully arrested by the +commencement of the Italian's narrative; and he listened very calmly +till the narrator arrived at the point when he was about to mention the +name of the old woman who lived opposite to the palace in question: then +was Mr. Martindale again excited, and without waiting for the conclusion +of the sentence, interrupted it by exclaiming: "Ah! what! do you know +that old woman? Is she living? Where is she?--Stop--no--let me +see--impossible!--Why I must be nearly seventy--yes--are you sure? Is +not her name Bianchi?" + +To this hurried and confused mass of interrogation, the colonel replied +that her name was Bianchi; but that she had died nearly twenty years +ago, at a very advanced age, being at the time of her death nearly +ninety years of age. Hearing this, the old gentleman assumed a great +calmness and composure of manner, though he trembled as if in an ague; +and turning to the astonished clergyman, who was pleasing himself with +the anticipation of some catastrophe or anecdote which might form a fine +subject for town-talk, he very deliberately said:--"Mr. Denver, I beg I +may not intrude any longer on your valuable time. This gentleman, I +find, can give me some account of an old acquaintance of mine. The +inquiries may not be interesting to you. Make my best compliments to +Mrs. Denver." + +When this good man was withdrawn, Mr. Martindale requested the stranger +to be seated; and unmindful of the guests whom he had left to amuse +themselves and each other, he commenced very deliberately to examine the +foreigner concerning those matters which had so strongly excited his +feelings. + +"You tell me," said Mr. Martindale, "that the old woman, Bianchi, has +been dead nearly twenty years. Now, my good friend, can you inform me +how long you were acquainted with this old woman before her death." +"I knew her," replied the colonel, "only for about four years before +she died." "And had you much intimacy with her, so as to hear her +talk about former days." "Very often indeed," replied the foreigner, +"did she talk about the past; for as her age was very great, and her +memory was very good, it was great interest to hear her tell of ancient +things; and she was a woman of most excellent understanding, and very +benevolent in her disposition. Indeed, I can say that I loved the old +woman much, very much indeed. I was sorry at her death." "But tell me," +said Mr. Martindale, impatiently, "did you ever hear her say any thing +of an infant--an orphan that was committed to her care nearly forty +years ago?" At this question, the eyes of the stranger brightened, and +his face was overspread with a smile of delight, when he replied: "Oh +yes, much indeed, much indeed! that orphan is my wife," + +This rapidity of explanation was almost too much for the old gentleman's +feelings. His limbs had been trembling with the agitation arising from +thus reverting to days and events long passed; and he had entertained +some hope from the language of the foreigner, that he might gain some +intelligence concerning one that had been forgotten, but whose image was +again revived in his memory. He had thought but lightly in the days of +his youth of that which he then called folly, but more seriously in the +days of his age of that same conduct which then he called vice. It would +have been happiness to his soul, could an opportunity have been afforded +him of making something like amends to the representatives of the +injured, even though the injured had been long asleep in the grave. When +all at once, therefore, the intelligence burst upon him, that one was +living in whom he possessed an interest, and over whose destiny he +should have watched, but whom he had neglected and forgotten, he felt +his soul melt within him; and well it was for him that he found relief +in tears. Surprised beyond measure was Colonel Rivolta, when he observed +the effect produced on Mr. Martindale, and heard the old gentleman say +with trembling voice:--"And that orphan, sir, is my daughter." He paused +for a minute or two, and his companion was too much astonished and +interested to interrupt him: recovering himself, he continued: "For many +years after that child was born, I had not the means of making any other +provision for it than placing it under the care of the old woman of whom +we have been speaking. I gave her such compensation as my circumstances +then allowed; and as the mother died soon after the birth of the infant, +I thought myself freed from all farther responsibility when I had made +provision for the infant. I endeavoured, indeed, to forget the event +altogether; and as I wished to form a respectable connexion in marriage, +I took especial care to conceal this transgression. However, various +circumstances prevented me from time to time from entering into the +married state; and having within the last twelve years come into the +possession of larger property than I had ever anticipated, it occurred +to me that there should be living at Genoa a child of mine, then indeed +long past childhood. I wrote to Genoa, and had no answer; I went to +Genoa, and could find no trace either of my child or of the old woman to +whose care I had entrusted her; and I was grieved not so much for the +loss of my child, as for the lack of an opportunity of making some +amends for my crime. I am delighted to hear that she lives. To-morrow I +will see her." + +Upon this interesting disclosure hinge the principal incidents. In the +course of these are some admirable pleasantries; especially a +horse-race, and the description of Trimmerstone, in vol. i.; and the +clerical prig, and a slight sketch of the dangle Tippetson, in vol. ii. + +The Earl of Trimmerstone's portrait, after old Martindale's death is +well drawn: + +The Earl of Trimmerstone was depressed in spirits; it is indeed very +natural that he should be. The life which he had led, the companions +with whom he had associated, the disappointments which he had +experienced, his foolish marriage, the disgraceful conduct of his silly +countess, the taunts and reproaches of his opulent relative, the +weariness and disgust that he felt in having nothing to do, and the +annoyance of an empty title, which merely mocked him with the epithet of +right honourable, all these things combined to render him almost +disgusted with, and weary of life. His solitude was soon invaded by a +visit from the Rev. Marmaduke Sprout, rector of Trimmerstone, who was +rather fanatical in his theology, and finical in attire and address. He +could presently render himself agreeable to any person of exalted rank +by his very courteous and conciliating demeanour; and he possessed a +peculiar softness and gentleness of manner, with which indeed the Earl +of Trimmerstone would, in his past days of cock-fighting, horse-racing, +and boxing, have been thoroughly disgusted. But his lordship was quite +an altered man. Formerly, the lowest pursuits under the name of sport or +fancy had been agreeable to his lordship; and every species of religious + sentiment he had regarded with the profoundest contempt and the most +unmingled abhorrence. But now he was sick, and weary of all these things! +and because one extreme was purely offensive and wearisome, he took +it for granted that the opposite must be truly delightful and highly +consistent, and so under the tuition of Mr. Sprout, he changed and +reversed all his habits, good, bad, and indifferent. From staking +thousands at a horse-race, he turned up his eyes at the grievous +abomination of half-crown whist; and, indeed, had he been disposed to +card-playing, he could not have indulged himself at Trimmerstone, for +Mr. Sprout had banished almost all card-playing from the place, so +that there was not a pack of cards in the parish, except two or three +mutilated well-thumbed packs of quadrille-cards, which were still used +by a knot of antiquated spinsters worthy of the good old days of +Sacheverel and High Church. Quadrille-cards will not do for whist, +for all the eights, nines, and tens are thrown out. Formerly, Lord +Trimmerstone used to be proud of giving some of his acquaintance a +sumptuous dinner; but now he had changed all that, and he only kept one +female cook, who could just manage to make a comfortable and snug little +dish or two for his lordship's own self, occasionally assisted by the +Rev. Mr. Sprout. Formerly, his lordship had been disposed to be lively, +and oftentimes facetious; but now he was prodigiously grave, and almost +sulky. Formerly, his lordship never went to church; now he went twice +every Sunday, and said Amen as loud as the clerk, and with much more +solemnity, for the clerk did not turn up his eyes for fear of losing the +place. Formerly, his lordship had been very candid; now he had become +exceedingly censorious, and he seemed to measure his religion by the +severity with which he reproved transgressors. His lordship several +times attempted to make all the inhabitants of Trimmerstone go to church +twice every Sunday, except his own cook. But in this his lordship could +not succeed, and indeed it was well for him that he could not; for if +he had, the church would have been so crowded that he could not have +enjoyed a great, large, lined, stuffed, padded, carpeted pew for +himself. + +In another portion of the MIRROR we have quoted half a dozen of the +author's amenities just to show the reader that in depicting the follies +of fashionable life, there is less fiddle-faddle--less _rank_ than +_talent_--and more sense than in many other chronicles of the ton. + + * * * * * + + + + +SPIRIT OF THE + +Public Journals. + + * * * * * + +MAXIMS OF JOHN BULLISM. + + +When you travel in a stage-coach, make all the passengers, both inside +and outside, fully acquainted with your name, business, and objects in +travelling, before five minutes have elapsed. Among the rest, be sure +you give them to think you are a man of property, and the personal +friend of at least half-a-dozen nobles or members of parliament. If in +trade, inform them you have something very handsome in the three per +cents., and live on terms of perfect familiarity with the great Jew. + +Honesty is the best and most profitable policy in the long run, but +there are a thousand exceptions to this rule in private practice. + +Do no charity by stealth; it is never repaid in this world to any +advantage; do it openly, and there are chances of its returning cent per +cent. + +You may keep a running horse, or two, though you are a magistrate sworn +to put down gambling: you need not bet upon the race-course yourself. +You may subscribe to Fishmongers' Hall, and go there without throwing +the dice. You may share the profits of a _roulette_ table, without +venturing your luck. It is strange that vulgar understandings cannot +discriminate in these matters! + +When you have made up your mind finally to do any thing, ask the advice +of your friend about it. The act of consultation will please him, and +you will be none the worse. + +Human happiness is more or less complete in a ratio with successful +pecuniary accumulation. + +If you enter a drawing-room before dinner a little time too early, and +find yourself _vis-a-vis_ with an unlucky visiter as forlorn as +yourself, do not utter a word. The chances are, nine out of ten, he will +not speak first, that is, if he be a true Briton. Stare at him as hard +as you can. + +If you meet a lady in society, old or young, married or single, who +equals you in argument, or rises superior to the thousand and one +automatons disgorged monthly from fashionable boarding-schools, report +her a _bas bleu_ to your male acquaintances, and warn her own sex +to shun her. + +When you meet an inferior in a public street, it is your duty to cut +him, if any one who knows you is in sight. If you cannot escape a +recognition, do it with as little parade as possible--a movement of the +lips is sufficient--and walk on at a quick rate. Who knows but the Lord +Mayor, or Mr. Alderman Blowbladder, may observe you? + +A grain of impudence will fetch more in the market than twelve bushels +of modesty. + +In the scale of dignities two Cheapside chaises make one Stanhope; two +Stanhopes a cab; two cabs a landaulet and pair; and so on up to the +state-coach; and as their numerical relation, so is the degree of +respect they may justly exact. + +If you visit foreign parts, and meet a countryman who may be useful to +you, do not hesitate to avail yourself of his services; but be sure +never to acknowledge him should you meet in your native land, unless he +receive some other introduction to you, and you have it on creditable +evidence that he is a man of good property. + +Never allow reason weight in any thing you have resolved to be right +that is opposed to it. Reason may be useful in mathematics, to men of +genius, and to scholars; but it has little to do with every-day +existence, with the Three per Cents, the national revenue, the Stock +Exchange, or the India House. + +Never get acquainted with your next-door neighbour, unless you find he +is in good pecuniary circumstances. If you meet on the highway, or touch +elbows at your respective fore-doors, look at each other like two +strange tom-cats, and pursue your way. + +Commiserate the fate of a Thurtell, a Probert, or a Corder, sent +(ripened for heaven in a forty-eight hours' probation by a Newgate +chaplain) out of the world their hellish acts have so sullied; but +sympathise not with a Riego or a Canaris. Heroic vice was always +spiriting; heroic virtue is phlegmatic. John Bull's constitution is only +acted upon by strong excitement. + +When you dine with the Lord Mayor, or any of the Aldermen of Brobdignag, +and they attempt to exhibit their skill at repartee, be sure decide the +wealthiest to be the wittiest. It will insure you a good dinner another +time, perhaps something more. + +In choosing a wife, prefer even Bristol ugliness to beauty, especially +if there be a fortune. Beauty will change, intellect may be too much for +you, but ugliness will be true to you as to itself; besides its +advantage of preserving you from the effects of conjugal frailty. + +A judge's wig is a Delphic mystery, whether brains be in it or not. It +is a of sublunary wisdom--an umbrella over an oracle. + +When you dine at a public dinner, always take your seat opposite a +favourite dish. Carve it yourself, and select the choicest bits, then +leave it to your right-hand neighbour to help the rest of the company. + +Always stick your napkin in your button-hole at the dinner table, if you +admit such French superfluities at all. Eat with the sharp edge of your +knife towards your mouth; forks won't take up gravy. Never wipe your +lips when you take wine with a lady, and fill both her glass and your +own until daylight is not visible through the crystal. + +When Mrs. Bull is obstreperous, go to the coffee-house and call for your +glass. It is an excellent cure for her complaint, and you will get the +latest news retailed in the most engaging manner, with the pleasure of +knowing she is biting her lips at home in vexation. + +Never hold any intercourse with people of whom the world speaks ill. +'Tis true they may be, and generally are, among the very best of +mankind, but as they are not reputed to be so, what is that to you? + +Some persons cant about the wickedness of the times: believe them not; +this is the most saintly of ages, the most pure of generations, +considering its temptations. + +Vice at the east and west end of town, is different only in form; in +substance it comes to the same thing, and in quality is equal to a +grain. + +Never leave a dispute to be settled by arbitration; if you are rich, +always appeal to law, especially if your opponent be poor. The lawyers +will manage for you long before the case gets up to the Lords, and +perhaps secure your rival _in banco regis_ for expenses. In an +arbitration, the case may be decided against you in a twinkling. It is a +capital thing that justice and a long purse are sworn brothers; besides, +moneyed men should have some advantage in society. + +So little is the value of an oath understood by any but the Bull family, +that none but the postboys and the vulgar use oaths in foreign nations, +America excepted; but that country being a chip of the old block, +already rivals honest John; outdo him she must not. + +Lard your butter, wet your tobacco, pipe-clay your flour, sand your +sugar, sloe-leaf your tea, coal-ash your pepper, deteriorate your drugs, +water your liquors, alloy your gold and silver, plunder your lodgers, +and, while none know it, who is the worse! Then to church, and thank God +you are not as other men. + +Live and talk as if you were to live for ever. If you have accumulated +tens of thousands, try and make them hundreds of thousands. Why should +you retire and make way for the industry of others, while you are able +to treasure up more. + +Give credit, take credit, live upon credit; if you are wealthy, your own +money will be gathering interest at the same time. If you are poor, you +have no other means to live by. + +In matters of business, let there be no favour. If you are dealing with +your own father, give nothing to him. Screw the uttermost farthing, and, +if need, sell him. + +Give only to receive. + +Men of genius are fools; the truly great men know how to make money, and +money is power--the power of making more money. Your men of genius are +at best but harlequins with empty pockets.--_New Monthly Magazine._ + + * * * * * + + + + +THE GATHERER. + + + A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. + SHAKSPEARE. + + * * * * * + + +THE OPERA. + +Swift, in his Journal to Stella, speaking of the Opera says, "In half an +hour I was tired of their _fine stuff_." + + * * * * * + + +FAUSTINA and CUZZONI, two celebrated opera singers, were such bitter +rivals, that neither of them would sing in the same room with the other. + + * * * * * + + +CATS. + +Four learned cats are now exhibiting in Regent-street; but as we have +not yet left our card with their feline excellencies, we cannot wink at +their perfections. + + * * * * * + + +SHERWOOD AND ROBIN HOOD. + +The officers of Sherwood Forest, famous for having been the +head-quarters of Robin Hood in the 16th century, were a warden, his +lieutenant and steward, a bow-bearer, and a ranger, four verderers, +twelve regarders, four agisters, and twelve keepers or foresters, all +under a chief forester; besides these there were several woodwards for +every township within the forest, and one for every principal wood. + +HALBERT H. + + * * * * * + + +The late Duke of Norfolk passing down Piccadilly with Sheridan, as a +gigantic wooden Highlander was just then fixing at the door of a +tobacconist, asked, what was the reason of this usual location. "Ay, ay, +I see it now," said the duke, "it is as much as to say, bargains here, a +man may get the most for his farthing." "No," said Sheridan, "it seems +quite the contrary, for if the Scotchman could have driven any thing in +the way of bargain, he would have gone in." + + * * * * * + + +A Mrs. Tomlinson is mentioned in the papers as having, lately died, +worth thirty thousand pounds, chiefly amassed by habits of extreme +penury. She had, before this accumulation, separated from her husband, +to whom she handsomely allowed five shillings a-week. This was observed +to realize the often-repeated saying of Solomon--"A virtuous woman is a +_crown_ to her husband." + + * * * * * + + +SUGAR MADE FROM RAGS. + +The compiler of a Catechism of Chemistry up to the latest date, says, +"It is a remarkable fact, that a pound of rags may be converted into +more than a pound of sugar, merely by the action of sulphuric acid. When +shreds of linen are triturated (stirred) in a glass mortar with +sulphuric acid, they yield a gummy matter on evaporation; and if this +matter be boiled for some time with dilute sulphuric acid, we obtain a +crystallizable sugar."--Now is the time to look up all your old rags, +&c. + + * * * * * + + +A choral society, consisting of 160 members, has just been established +at Breslau, for the cultivation of ancient music. + + * * * * * + + +JOHN OF GAUNT. + +There is a curious tradition respecting the estate of Sutton Park, (the +seat of Sir J. Burgoyne.) near Biggleswade, Bedfordshire, which states +it formerly belonged to John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, who gave it to +an ancestor of the present proprietor, named Roger Burgoyne, by the +following laconic grant:-- + + I, John of Gaunt, + Do give and do grant + To Roger Burgoyne, + And the heirs of his loin, + Both Sutton and Potton,[3] + Until the world's rotten. + + +There is also a moated site in the park, called "John of Gaunt's Castle." + +J.H. + + [3] A neighbouring village. + + * * * * * + + +With the present Number is published a SUPPLEMENT, containing THREE +ENGRAVINGS: 1. _The Death-Watch_. 2. _The Glow-Worm_. 3. +_The Talipot Tree_, and a series of other curious and attractive +Wonders of Nature--The First and Last Crime, a vivid and masterly +sketch--Public Improvements now in progress in London--besides an +unusual variety of Literary Novelties. + + * * * * * + +_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD 143, Strand, (near Somerset +House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and +by all Newsmen and Booksellers_. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, No. 360, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, *** + +***** This file should be named 13644.txt or 13644.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/6/4/13644/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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