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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13644 ***
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION
+
+VOL. XIII. NO. 360.] SATURDAY, MARCH 14, 1829. [PRICE 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Grand Entrance to Hyde Park.
+
+[Illustration: _Frieze_.]
+
+
+
+
+GRAND ENTRANCE TO HYDE PARK.
+
+The great Lord Burleigh says, "A realm gaineth more by one year's peace
+than by ten years' war;" and the architectural triumphs which are rising
+in every quarter of the metropolis are strong confirmation of this
+maxim.
+
+One of these triumphs is represented in the annexed engraving, viz. the
+grand entrance to Hyde Park, erected from the designs of Decimus Burton,
+Esq. It consists of a screen of handsome fluted Ionic columns, with
+three carriage entrance archways, two foot entrances, a lodge, &c. The
+extent of the whole frontage is about 107 feet. The central entrance
+has a bold projection: the entablature is supported by four columns;
+and the volutes of the capitals of the outside column on each side
+of the gateway are formed in an angular direction, so as to exhibit two
+complete faces to view. The two side gateways, in their elevations,
+present two insulated Ionic columns, flanked by antae. All these
+entrances are finished by a blocking, the sides of the central one being
+decorated with a beautiful frieze, representing a naval and military
+triumphal procession, which our artist has copied and represented in
+distinct engravings. This frieze was designed by Mr. Henning, jun., son
+of Mr. Henning, so well known for his admirable models of the Elgin
+marbles. It possesses great classical merit, and the model was exhibited
+last season in the sculpture-room of the Suffolk-street Gallery.
+
+The _gates_ were manufactured by Messrs. Bramah. They are of iron,
+bronzed, and fixed or hung to the piers by rings of gun-metal. The
+design consists of a beautiful arrangement of the Greek honeysuckle
+ornament; the parts being well defined, and the raffles of the leaves
+brought out in a most extraordinary manner. The hanging of the gates is
+also very ingenious.
+
+Mr. Soane's proposed entrances to Piccadilly and St. James's and Hyde
+Parks, are generally considered superior to those that have been
+adopted. The park entrances were to consist of two triumphal arches
+connected with each other by a colonnade and arches stretching across
+Piccadilly. The same ingenious architect likewise designed a new palace
+at the top of Constitution Hill, from which to the House of Lords the
+King should pass Buckingham House, Carlton House, a splendid Waterloo
+and Trafalgar monument, a fine triumphal arch, the Privy Council Office,
+Board of Trade, and the new law courts.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+LINES
+
+_On the origin of the application of the name of the "Fleur de
+Souvenance," (modern "Forget-me-not,") to the Myosotis Scorpiodis._
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+  A gallant knight and a lady bright
+    Walk'd by a crystal lake;
+  The twin'd oaks made a grateful shade
+    Above the fangled brake,
+  While the trembling leaves of aspen trees
+    A murmuring music make.
+
+  And as they spoke, round them echoes woke
+    To tales of love and glory;
+  The knight was brave, though of love the slave,
+    And the dame lov'd gallant story--
+  Proudly he told deeds gentle and bold,
+    Of warriors dead or hoary.
+
+  Like babe at rest on its mother's breast,
+    On that an island lay--
+  So still and fair reigned Nature there--
+    So bright the glist'ring spray,
+  You might have thought the scene had been wrought
+    By spell of faun or fay.
+
+  On the island's edge, midst tangled sedge,
+    Lay a wreath of wild flow'rs blue--
+  The broad flag-leaf was their sweet relief,
+    When the heat too fervid grew;
+  And the willow's shade a shelter made,
+    When stormy tempests blew.
+
+  And as they stood, the faithful flood
+    Gave back ev'ry line and trace
+  Of earth below and heaven above,
+    And their own forms gallant grace--
+  For forms more fair than that lovely pair
+    Ne'er shone on its liquid face.
+
+  "I would a flower from that bright bower
+    Some nymph would waft to me--
+  For in my eyes a dearer prize
+    Than glitt'ring gem 'twould be--
+  For its changeless blue seems emblem true
+    Of love's own constancy."
+
+  The maiden spake, and no more the lake
+    In slumb'ring stillness lay,
+  For from the side of his destin'd bride
+    The knight has pass'd away;
+  In vain the maid's soft words essay'd
+    His rash pursuit to stay.
+
+  He has reach'd the tower, and pluck'd the flower.
+    And turn'd from the verdant spot.
+  Ah, hapless knight! some Naiad bright
+    Woo'd thee to her coral grot;
+  And forbids that more to touch that shore
+    Shall ever be thy lot.
+
+  Vainly he tried to gain the side,
+    Where knelt his lady-love;
+  Flagg'd every limb, his eyes grew dim,
+    But still the spirit strove.
+  One effort more--he flings to shore
+    The flow'r so dear to prove.
+  'Tis past! 'tis past! that look his last,
+    That fond sad glance of love
+  The bubbling wave his farewell gave
+    In the moan, "Forget me not."
+
+D.A.H
+
+
+The above incident occurred in the time of Edward IV.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HAVER BREAD.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror._)
+
+
+In the MIRROR, No. 358, the article headed "Memorable Days," the writer,
+in that part of which the _Avver Bread_ is treated of, says it is
+made of oats leavened and kneaded into a large, thin, round cake, which
+is placed upon a girdle over the fire; adding, that he is totally at a
+loss for a definition of the word Avver; that he has sometimes thought
+avver, means oaten; which I think, correct, it being very likely a
+corruption of the French, avoine, oats; introduced among many others,
+into the Scottish language, during the great intimacy which formerly
+existed between France and Scotland; in which latter country a great
+many words were introduced from the former, which are still in use; such
+as gabart, a large boat, or lighter, from the French gabarre; bawbee,
+baspiece, a small copper coin; vennell, a lane, or narrow street, which
+still retains its original pronunciation and meaning. Enfiler la vennel;
+a common figurative expression for running away is still in use in
+France. Apropos of vennell, Dr. Stoddard, in a "Pedestrian Tour through
+the Land of Cakes," when a young man, says he could not trace its
+meaning in any language, (I speak from memory) also made the same
+observation where I was; being at that time on intimate terms with the
+doctor, I pointed out to him its derivation from the Latin into the
+French, and thence, probably, into the Scotch; the embryo L.L.D. stared,
+and seemed chagrined, at receiving such information from a
+
+CREOLE.
+
+P.S. In no part of Great Britain, I believe, is oaten bread so much used
+as in Scotland; from whence the term, "The Land of Cakes is derived." In
+some parts of France, _Pain d'avoine_ has been in use in my time.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EPITOME OF THE CRUSADES.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+The first Crusade[1] to the Holy Land was undertaken by numerous
+Christian princes, who gained Jerusalem after it had been in possession
+of the Saracens four hundred and nine years. Godfrey, of Boulogne, was
+then chosen king by his companions in arms; but he had not long enjoyed
+his new dignity, before he had occasion to march out against a great
+army of Turks and Saracens, whom he overthrew, and killed one hundred
+thousand of their men, besides taking much spoil. Shortly after this
+victory, a pestilence happened, of which multitudes died; and the
+contagion reaching Godfrey, the first Christian King of Jerusalem,
+he also expired, on the 18th of July, 1100, having scarcely reigned
+a full year.
+
+Godfrey's successors, the Baldwins, defeated the Turks in many
+engagements. In the reign of Baldwin III., however, the Christians lost
+Edessa, a circumstance which affected Pope Eugenius III. to such a
+degree, that he prevailed on Conrad III., Emperor of Germany, to relieve
+his brethren in Syria. In the year 1146, therefore, Conrad marched
+through Greece, and soon afterwards encountered the Turkish army, which
+he routed; he then proceeded to Iconium, the principal seat of the Turks
+in Lesser Asia; but, for want of provisions and health, was compelled
+to relinquish his design of taking that city, and to return home. Much
+about the same period, Lewis VIII., of France, made an expedition to
+the Holy Land, but was wholly unsuccessful in his attempts against the
+enemy. Notwithstanding these failures, King Baldwin, relying on his
+own strength, gained possession of Askalon, and defeated the Turks in
+numerous actions. Previous to his death, which was caused by poison,
+in 1163, he was the victorious sovereign of Jerusalem and the greatest
+part of Syria.
+
+During the reign of Baldwin IV., Saladin, Sultan of Egypt, invaded
+Palestine, and took several towns, notwithstanding the valour of
+the Christians. In the succeeding reign of King Guy, however, the
+Christians, still unfortunate, received a _decisive blow_, which
+tended to the decline of their independence in the Holy Land; for, among
+other places of importance, Saladin made a capture of Jerusalem, and
+took its king prisoner. When the conqueror entered the holy city, he
+profaned every sacred place, save the Temple of the Sepulchre, (which
+the Christians redeemed with an immense sum of money,) and drove the
+Latin Christians from their abodes, who were only allowed to carry what
+they could hastily collect on their backs, either to Tripoly, Antioch,
+or Tyre, the only three places which then remained in the Christians'
+possession. All the monuments were demolished, except those of our
+Saviour, King Godfrey, and Baldwin I.[2] The city was yielded to the
+captors on the 2nd of October, 1187, after the Christians had possessed
+it about eighty-nine years.
+
+These calamitous transactions in Palestine greatly alarmed all Europe,
+and several princes speedily resolved to oppose the career of the
+oppressors, and to leave no means untried of regaining the kingdom of
+Jerusalem. In furtherance of this design, the Emperor Frederic marched
+into Palestine with a powerful army, and defeated the Turks near
+Melitena; he afterwards met them near Comogena, where he also routed
+them, but was unhappily killed in the action. Some time after this,
+King Philip, of France, and Richard I., of England, engaged in a crusade
+for the relief of the Christians. Philip arrived first, and proceeded
+to Ptolemais, which King Guy, having obtained his liberty, was then
+besieging. King Richard, in his passage, was driven with his fleet upon
+the coast of Cyprus, but was not permitted to land; this so highly
+offended him, that he landed his whole army by force, and soon over-ran
+the island. He was at length opposed by the king of Cyprus, whom he took
+prisoner, and carried in chains to Ptolemais, where he was welcomed with
+great rejoicings by the besiegers, who stood in much need of assistance.
+It would he superfluous to relate here the particulars of the siege; let
+it suffice to say, that after a general assault had been given, a breach
+was made, so that the assailants were enabled to enter the city, which
+Saladin surrendered to them upon articles, on the 12th of July, 1191.
+King Richard here obtained the title of _Coeur de Lion_, for having
+taken down Duke Leopold's standard, that was first fixed in the breach,
+and placed his own in its stead.
+
+After the taking of Ptolemais, King Philip and many other princes
+returned home, leaving King Richard in Palestine to prosecute the war in
+concert with Guy, whom Richard, in a short time afterwards, persuaded to
+accept of the crown of Cyprus, in lieu of his pretences to Jerusalem.
+By these crafty means, Richard caused himself to be proclaimed King of
+Jerusalem; but while he was preparing to besiege that city, he received
+news that the French were about to invade England. He was therefore
+compelled to conclude a peace with Saladin, not very advantageous to
+Christendom, and to return to Europe. But meeting with bad weather, he
+was driven on the coast of Histria; and, while endeavouring to travel
+through the country in the habit of a templar, was taken prisoner
+by Duke Leopold, of Austria, who became his enemy at the siege of
+Ptolemais. The duke sold him for forty thousand pounds to the emperor,
+Henry VI., who soon afterwards had a hundred thousand pounds for his
+ransom.
+
+About the same period, Sultan Saladin, the most formidable enemy the
+Christians ever encountered, died; an event which caused Pope Celestine
+to prevail on the emperor, Henry VI., of Germany, to make a new
+expedition against the Turks, who were in consequence defeated; but
+the emperor's general, the Duke of Saxony, being killed, and the
+emperor himself dying soon afterwards, the Germans returned home
+without accomplishing the object of their expedition. They had no sooner
+departed than the Turks, in revenge, nearly drove the Christians from
+the Holy Land, and took all the strong towns which the Crusaders had
+gained, excepting Tyre and Ptolemais. In 1199, a fleet was fitted out
+at the instigation of Pope Innocent III. against the infidels. On this
+occasion, the Christians, notwithstanding their strenuous exertions,
+failed of taking Jerusalem, though several other important places were
+delivered to them.
+
+In the year 1228, Frederic, Emperor of Germany, set out from Brundusium
+to Palestine, took Jerusalem, which the enemy had left in a desolate
+condition, and caused himself to be proclaimed king. But, after this
+conquest, he was obliged to return to his own country, where his
+presence was required. The Turks immediately assembled a prodigious army
+for regaining the Holy City, which they ultimately took, putting the
+German garrison to the sword, in the year 1234; since which time, the
+Christian powers, weary of these useless expeditions, have made no
+considerable effort to possess it.
+
+The Christians were entirely driven from Palestine and Syria in the year
+1291, about one hundred and ninety-two years after the capture of
+Jerusalem by Godfrey of Boulogne.
+
+G.W.N.
+
+    [1] An account of the original _instigator_ of the Crusades
+        will be found in vol. viii. of the MIRROR, page 232.
+
+    [2] The Turks generally show some regard to real piety and valour.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SHAKSPEARE.--A FRAGMENT.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+  The empty passions of the angry world,
+  The loves of heroes, the despair of maids,
+  The rage of kings, of beggars and of slaves,
+  Shakspeare alone attun'd to song.--The rest essay'd.
+  Laureate of bards! thyself unsung
+  Would stamp us reckless.
+
+CYMBELINE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+REGAL TABLET.
+
+(_Continued from page 111._)
+
+
+EDWARD II. began his reign 7th July, 1307, ended 25th Jan. 1327.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Clement V.,           1305.
+John XXII.,           1316.
+
+_Emperor of the East._
+
+Andronicus II.,       1283.
+
+_Emperors of the West_.
+
+Albert I.,            1278.
+Henry VII.,           1308.
+Frederic III.,        1314.
+
+_France_.
+Philip IV.,           1285.
+Louis X.,             1314.
+Charles IV.           1322.
+
+_Scotland_.
+Robert Bruce,         1306.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EDWARD III. began his reign 25th Jan. 1327, ended 21st June, 1377.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+John XXII.,           1316.
+Benedict XII.,        1334.
+Clement VI.,          1342.
+Innocent VI.,         1352.
+Urban V.,             1362.
+Gregory XI.,          1370.
+
+_Emperors of the East_.
+
+Andronicus II.,       1283.
+Andronicus III.,      1332.
+John V.,              1341.
+John VI.,             1355.
+
+_Emperors of the West_.
+
+Frederic III.,        1314.
+Louis IV.,            1330.
+Edward Baliol,        1332.
+David II. (again),    1342.
+Charles IV.,          1347.
+Robert II.,           1370.
+
+_France_.
+
+Charles IV.,          1322.
+Philip VI.,           1328.
+John I.,              1355.
+Charles V.,           1364.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+Robert Bruce,         1306.
+David II.,            1330.
+Edward Baliol,        1332.
+David II. (again),    1342.
+Robert II.,           1370.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RICHARD II. began his reign 21st June, 1377, ended 29th Sept. 1399.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Gregory XI.,          1370.
+Urban VI.,            1378.
+Boniface IX.,         1389.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+John VI.,             1355.
+Emanuel II.,          1391.
+
+_Emperors of the West_.
+
+Charles IV.,          1347.
+Weneslaus,            1378.
+
+_France_.
+
+Charles V.,           1364.
+Charles VI.,          1380.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+Robert II.,           1370.
+Robert III.,          1390.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+(_House of Lancaster._)
+
+HENRY IV. began his reign 29th Sept. 1399, ended 20th March, 1413.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Boniface IX.,         1389.
+Innocent VII.,        1404.
+
+_Emperors of the West_.
+
+Weneslaus, 1378.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Gregory XII.          1406.
+Alexander V.          1409.
+John XXIII.           1410.
+
+_Emperor of the East_.
+
+Emanuel II.,          1391.
+
+_Emperors of the West_.
+
+Robert le Pet,        1400.
+Sigismund,            1410.
+
+_France_.
+
+Charles VI.,          1380.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+Robert III.,          1390.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HENRY V. began his reign 20th March, 1413, ended 31st August, 1422.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+John XXIII.           1410.
+Martin V.,            1417.
+
+_Emperor of the East_.
+
+Emanuel II.,          1391.
+
+_Emperor of the West_.
+
+Sigismund,            1410.
+
+_France_.
+
+Charles VI.,          1380.
+Charles VII.          1422.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+Robert III.,          1390.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HENRY VI. began his reign 31st August, 1422, ended 4th March, 1461.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Martin V.,            1417.
+Eugenius IV.          1431.
+Nicholas V.,          1447.
+Galixus III.          1455.
+Pius II.,             1458.
+
+_Emperors of the East_.
+
+Emanuel II.,          1391.
+John VII.,            1426.
+Constantine III.,
+  last emperor        1448.
+
+_Emperors of the West_.
+
+Sigismund,            1410.
+Albert II.,           1438.
+Frederic IV.,         1440.
+
+_France_.
+
+Charles VII.          1422.
+Louis XI.,            1440.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+Robert III.,          1390.
+James I.,             1424.
+James II.,            1437.
+James III.,           1440.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+(_House of York._)
+
+EDWARD IV. began his reign 4th March, 1461, ended 9th April, 1483.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Pius II.,             1458.
+Paul II.,             1464.
+Sixtus IV.,           1471.
+
+_Emperor of the West_.
+
+Frederic IV.,         1440.
+
+_France_.
+
+Louis XI.,            1440.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+James III.,           1440.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EDWARD V. began his reign 9th April, 1483, ended 22nd June, 1483.
+
+Contemporaries as the last reign.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RICHARD III. began his reign 22nd June, 1483, ended 22nd August, 1485.
+
+Contemporaries again, as before.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+(_Lancaster and York united._)
+
+HENRY VII. began his reign 22nd August, 1485, ended 22nd April, 1509.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Innocent VIII.,       1484.
+Alexander VI.         1492.
+Pius III.,            1593.
+Julius II.,           1503.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Frederic IV.,         1440.
+Maximilian I.         1493.
+
+_France._
+
+Charles VIII.         1485.
+Louis XII.,           1498.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+James III.,           1460.
+James IV.,            1489.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HENRY VIII. began his reign 22nd April, 1509, ended 28th Jan. 1547.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Julius II.,           1503.
+Leo X.,               1513.
+Adrian VI.,           1521.
+Clement VII.          1523.
+Paul III.,            1534.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Maximilian I.         1493.
+Charles V.,           1519.
+
+_France._
+
+Louis XII.,           1498.
+Francis I.,           1515.
+Henry II.,            1547.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+James IV.,            1489.
+James V.,             1514.
+Mary,                 1542.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EDWARD VI. began his reign 28th Jan. 1547, ended 6th July, 1553.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Paul III.,            1534.
+Julius III.,          1550.
+
+_Emperor of Germany._
+
+Charles V.,           1519.
+
+_France._
+
+Henry II.,            1547.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+Mary,                 1542.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MARY began her reign 6th July, 1553, ended 17th Nov. 1558.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Julius III.,          1550.
+Marcellus II.         1555.
+Paul IV.,             1555.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Charles V.,           1519.
+Ferdinand,            1556.
+
+And the other contemporary princes as in the last reign.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ELIZABETH began her reign 17th Nov. 1558, ended 24th March, 1603.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Paul IV.,             1555.
+Pius IV.,             1559.
+Pius V.,              1565.
+Gregory XIII.,        1572.
+Sixtus V.,            1585.
+Urban VII.,           1590.
+Gregory XIV.,         1590.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Ferdinand I.,         1556.
+Maximilian II.        1564.
+Rodolphus II.         1576.
+
+_France._
+
+Henry II.,            1547.
+Francis II.,          1559.
+Charles IX.,          1560.
+Henry III.,           1574.
+Henry IV.,            1589.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Innocent IX.          1501.
+Clement VIII.,        1592.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+Mary,                 1542.
+James VI.,            1567.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Union of the two crowns of England and Scotland._
+
+JAMES I. began his reign 24th March, 1603, ended 27th March, 1625.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Clement VIII.,        1592.
+Leo IX.,              1605.
+Paul III.,            1605.
+Gregory XV.           1621.
+Urban VIII.           1623.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Rodolphus II.         1576.
+Matthias I.,          1612.
+Ferdinand III.        1619.
+
+_France._
+
+Henry IV.,            1589.
+Louis XIII.,          1610.
+
+_Spain & Portugal._
+
+Philip III.,          1507.
+Philip IV.,           1620.
+
+_Denmark._
+
+Christian IV.         1588.
+
+_Sweden._
+
+Sigismund,            1592.
+Charles IX.,          1606.
+Gustavus II.          1611.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHARLES I. began his reign 27th March, 1625, beheaded 30th Jan. 1648.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Urban VIII.           1623.
+Innocent X.,          1644.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Ferdinand II.         1619.
+Ferdinand III.        1637.
+
+_France._
+
+Louis XIII.,          1610.
+Louis XIV.,           1643.
+
+_Spain & Portugal._
+
+Philip IV.,           1620.
+
+_Portugal only._
+
+John IV.,             1640.
+
+_Denmark._
+
+Christian IV.         1583.
+Frederic III.         1648.
+
+_Sweden._
+
+Gustavus II.          1611.
+Christiana,           1633.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Inter-regnum and Usurpation under
+
+OLIVER CROMWELL, from 30th Jan. 1648, to 29th May, 1660.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Innocent X.,          1644.
+Alexander VII.,       1655.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Ferdinand III.,       1637.
+Leopold I.,           1658.
+
+_France._
+
+Louis XIV.,           1643.
+
+_Spain._
+
+Philip IV.,           1620.
+
+_Portugal._
+
+John IV.,             1640.
+Alonzo VI.,           1656.
+
+_Denmark._
+
+Frederic III.         1646.
+
+_Sweden._
+
+Christiana,           1633.
+Charles X.,           1653.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_The remainder of this very useful Tablet, which has been compiled
+by a Correspondent, expressly for our pages, will be found in the
+Supplement published with the present No._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE ANECDOTE GALLERY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANECDOTES OF A DIANA MONKEY.
+
+_By Mrs. Bowdich._
+
+
+An old ship companion of mine was a native of the Gold Coast, and was of
+the Diana species. He had been purchased by the cook of the vessel in
+which I sailed from Africa, and was considered his exclusive property.
+Jack's place then was close to the cabooce; but as his education
+progressed, he was gradually allowed an increase of liberty, till at
+last he enjoyed the range of the whole ship, except the cabin. I had
+embarked with more than a mere womanly aversion to monkeys, it was
+absolute antipathy; and although I often laughed at Jack's freaks, still
+I kept out of his way, till a circumstance brought with it a closer
+acquaintance, and cured me of my dislike. Our latitude was three degrees
+south, and we only proceeded by occasional tornadoes, the intervals of
+which were filled up by dead calms and bright weather; when these
+occurred during the day, the helm was frequently lashed, and all the
+watch went below. On one of these occasions I was sitting alone on the
+deck, and reading intently, when, in an instant, something jumped upon
+my shoulders, twisted its tale round my neck, and screamed close to my
+ears. My immediate conviction that it was Jack scarcely relieved me: but
+there was no help; I dared not cry for assistance, because I was afraid
+of him, and dared not obey the next impulse, which was to thump him off,
+for the same reason, I therefore became civil from necessity, and from
+that moment Jack and I entered into an alliance. He gradually loosened
+his hold, looked at my face, examined my hands and rings with the most
+minute attention, and soon found the biscuit which lay by my side. When
+I liked him well enough to profit by his friendship, he became a
+constant source of amusement. Like all other nautical monkeys, he was
+fond of pulling off the men's caps as they slept, and throwing them into
+the sea; of knocking over the parrots' cages to drink the water as it
+trickled along the deck, regardless of the occasional gripe he received;
+of taking the dried herbs out of the tin mugs in which the men were
+making tea of them; of dexterously picking out the pieces of biscuit
+which were toasting between the bars of the grate; of stealing the
+carpenter's tools; in short, of teasing every thing and every body: but
+he was also a first-rate _equestrian_. Whenever the pigs were let
+out to take a run on deck, he took his station behind a cask, whence he
+leaped on the back of one of his steeds as it passed. Of course the
+speed was increased, and the nails he stuck in to keep himself on,
+produced a squeaking: but Jack was never thrown, and became so fond of
+the exercise, that he was obliged to be shut up whenever the pigs were
+at liberty. Confinement was the worst punishment he could receive, and
+whenever threatened with that, or any other, he would cling to me for
+protection. At night, when about to be sent to bed in an empty hencoop,
+he generally hid himself under my shawl, and at last never suffered any
+one but myself to put him to rest. He was particularly jealous of the
+other monkeys on board, who were all smaller than himself, and put two
+out of his way. The first feat of the kind was performed in my presence:
+he began by holding out his paw, and making a squeaking noise, which the
+other evidently considered as an invitation; the poor little thing
+crouched to him most humbly; but Jack seized him by the neck, hopped off
+to the side of the vessel, and threw him into the sea. We cast out a
+rope immediately, but the monkey was too frightened to cling to it, and
+we were going too fast to save him by any other means. Of course, Jack
+was flogged and scolded, at which he was very penitent; but the
+deceitful rogue, at the end of three days, sent another victim to the
+same destiny. But his spite against his own race was manifested at
+another time in a very original way. The men had been painting the
+ship's side with a streak of white, and upon being summoned to dinner,
+left their brushes and paint on deck. Unknown to Jack, I was seated
+behind the companion door, and saw the whole transaction; he called a
+little black monkey to him, who, like the others, immediately crouched
+to his superior, when he seized him by the nape of the neck with one
+paw, took the brush, dripping with paint, with the other, and covered
+him with white from head to foot. Both the man at the helm and myself
+burst into a laugh, upon which Jack dropped his victim, and scampered up
+the rigging. The unhappy little beast began licking himself, but I
+called the steward, who washed him so well with turpentine, that all
+injury was prevented; but during our bustle Jack was peeping with his
+black nose through the bars of the maintop, apparently enjoying the
+confusion. For three days he persisted in remaining aloft; no one could
+catch him, he darted with such rapidity from rope to rope; at length,
+impelled by hunger, he dropped unexpectedly from some height on my
+knees, as if for refuge, and as he had thus confided in me, I could not
+deliver him up to punishment.
+
+The only way in which I could control his tricks was by showing him to
+the panther on board, which excited his fears very strongly. I used to
+hold him up by his tail, and the instant he saw the panther he would
+become perfectly stiff, shut his eyes, and pretend to be dead. When I
+moved away, he would relax his limbs, and open one eye very cautiously;
+but if he caught a glimpse of the panther's cage, the eyes were quickly
+closed, and he resumed the rigidity of death. After four months' sojourn
+together, I quitted Jack off the Scilly Islands, and understood that I
+was very much regretted: he unceasingly watched for me in the morning,
+and searched for me in every direction, even venturing into the cabin;
+nor was he reconciled to my departure when my servants left the vessel
+at Gravesend.--_Mag. Natural History._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+COMPANION TO THE THEATRES.
+
+
+It must be owned that such a _little book_ as this has long been
+wanted; for of all writing, that relating to the stage is the most
+diffuse. It is scattered about in biography, criticism and anecdote, not
+unfrequently of great interest, but occupying so much "valuable" time,
+that to condense it, or to pick the wheat from the chaff, is no trifling
+task. So much for the amusement which our "Companion" may yield to the
+Londoner: his utility as a cicerone or guide will be more obvious to our
+country friends, who flock in thousands to see and hear comedy and
+tragedy at this play-going season. A young girl comes to town to see
+"the lions," and, with her "cousin," goes to the opera, where _one
+guinea_ is paid for their admission, or even more if they be
+_installed_. Two Londoners would buy their tickets during the day,
+and thus pay but 17_s_. Another party are dying to hear Braham
+sing, or Paton warble her nightingale notes among the canvass groves and
+hollyhock gardens of Drury Lane and Covent Garden; or to sup on the
+frowning woes of tragedy, the intrigues of an interlude dished up as an
+_entremet_, or a melodrama for a ragout; or the wit and waggery of
+a farce, sweet and soft-flowing like a _petit-verre_, to finish the
+repast. They go, and between the acts try to count the wax and gas, the
+feet, and foot lights till they are purblind; they return home and dream
+of Desdemona, sing themselves to sleep with the notes of the last song,
+are haunted with the odd physiognomy of Liston, and repeat the
+farce-laugh till the dream is broken. Next day it is mighty pleasant to
+read how many hundred people the theatre will hold, how many pounds they
+all paid to get there; and how the splendid pile of Drury Lane rose on
+the area of a cockpit: and how Garrick played Macbeth in a court suit,
+and John Kemble enacted the sufferings of Hamlet in _powdered_
+hair. Upon all these subjects the Companion is conversant, although he
+does not set up for Sir Oracle, or shake his head like Burleigh. In
+short, he tells of "many things," from the cart of Thespis and the Roman
+theatres, with their 6,000 singers and dancers, to the companies on the
+present stages.
+
+Thus, we have the Origin of the Drama--Rise of the Drama in
+England--Early English Theatres--Descriptions of all the London
+Theatres--and a pleasant chapter on the Italian Opera. The Appendix
+contains pithy chronologies of the dramatists and actors, bygone
+and contemporary--origin of all the varieties of the drama--the
+topography of the stage and scenery, costume--expenses of the
+theatres--masquerades--play-bills and editions of plays, and a host
+of theatrical customs. In truth, the book is as full as the tail of a
+fine lobster, and will doubtless repay the time and research which its
+preparation must have occupied. There is also a, frontispiece of the
+fronts of the twelve London Theatres.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ORNITHOLOGY.
+
+Mr. James Jennings has favoured us with a copy of his _Ornithologia;
+or the Birds_, a poem; with copious _Notes;_ &c. The latter
+portion is to us the most interesting, especially as it contains an
+immense body of valuable research into the history and economy of birds,
+in a pleasant, piquant, anecdotical style, without any of the quaintness
+or crabbedness of scientific technicality. Mr. Jennings's volume is
+therefore well adapted for presentation to young persons; whilst the
+knowledge which it displays, entitles it to a much higher stand than a
+mere book of amusement. To illustrate what we have said in its praise,
+the reader will find in the _Supplement_ to the present Number, two
+or three of the most attractive _Notes_ under "THE NATURALIST,"
+which likewise contains _Three Engravings_ of very curious subjects
+in other departments of Natural History.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONVERSATIONS ON GEOLOGY.
+
+We have already spoken in favourable terms of this volume. It consists
+of 15 conversations of a family circle, comprising a familiar explanation
+of the Huttonian and Wernerian systems; the Mosaic geology, as explained
+by Penn; and the late discoveries of Buckland, Humboldt, Macculloch, and
+others. By way of specimen, we take a portion of a conversation which
+introduces the very interesting subject of the _formation of coal_:
+
+_Edward_.--As the Huttonians evidently fail in proving coal to be
+produced by fusion, I hope the Wernerians may succeed better, for I
+should be sorry if so interesting a subject were left unexplained.
+
+_Mrs. R._--To understand their account, it will be requisite for
+you to recollect the process of the formation of bogs and marshes, as it
+is from these that Werner derives coal. What I told you, also, of the
+change produced on wood by being long exposed to moisture and kept from
+contact with the air, will be of use here, as wood, in all stages of
+change, is often found in coal-fields, in the same way as in peat-bogs.
+
+_Edward_. That is a very strong circumstance in favour of the
+alleged origin.
+
+_Mrs. R_. There are some facts, indeed, connected with this, which
+prove this origin beyond question, as you will admit, when I tell you
+that specimens of wood are often found partly converted into coal and
+partly unchanged, or petrified by some other mineral.
+
+_Edward_. This will, at least, be direct proof that wood may be
+converted into coal.
+
+_Mrs. R_. One instance of this kind is mentioned by Brand, in his
+"History of Newcastle," as having been brought from Iceland, by Sir
+Joseph Banks. Dr. Rennie, in his "Essay on Peat Moss," gives a still
+stronger example. In the parish of Kilsyth, he tells us, there was
+found, in a solid bed of sandstone, the trunk of a tree in an erect
+position, the indentations of the bark and marks of the branches being
+in many parts of it still obvious. It rose from a bed of coal below the
+sandstone, and the roots which reached the coal, as well as the bark for
+an inch thick round the trunk, were completely converted into coal,
+while the centre consisted of sandstone. This specimen I have myself
+seen in the parsonage garden of Kilsyth, and this description is most
+accurate. Sir George Mackenzie lately found a specimen precisely
+similar, in the face of a sandstone rock in Lothian, and I have seen
+numerous specimens of bamboos and reeds in the sandstone quarries of
+Glasgow, with the bark converted into coal, and the centre filled with
+sandstone.
+
+_Edward_.--But would not this prove that sandstone, also, was
+derived from wood?
+
+_Mrs. R._--No: it would only prove that the centre had been
+destroyed and removed; for the sandstone is not chemically composed of
+vegetable substances, but the coal is.
+
+_Edward_--Still, I cannot conceive by what process the conversion
+is effected.
+
+_Mrs. R._ By a natural process, evidently; being a continuation of
+that which converts mosses and marshes into peat. Nay, it is supposed
+not to stop at the formation of coal, but, by a continuation of the
+causes, the coal becomes jet, and even amber. The eminent chemist,
+Fourcroy, in proof of this, mentions a specimen in which one end was
+wood, little changed, and the other pure jet; and Chaptal tells us, that
+at Montpellier there are dug up whole cart-loads of trees converted into
+jet, though the original forms are so perfectly preserved that he could
+often detect the species; and, among others, he mentions birch and
+walnut. What is even more remarkable, he found a wooden pail and a
+wooden shovel converted into pure jet.
+
+_Edward._ Then I suppose, from all these details, that coal might
+be formed artificially, by imitating the natural process.
+
+_Mrs. R._ Mr. Hatchett made many ingenious and successful
+experiments with this design, and Dr. Macculloch has more recently
+succeeded in actually making coal. One of the strongest instances of the
+process, is the existence of a great quantity of wood only half
+converted into coal, at Bovey, near Exeter; this has been much discussed
+by the geologists; but there is a bed of coal found at Locle, on the
+continent, which is said to have been formed almost within the memory of
+man, though I have not yet seen any good account of it.
+
+Altogether, we have been much gratified with these Conversations. As a
+hint, _en passant_, we remind the editor of such an oversight as
+that at p. 350-1, "Order in which the _strata lies_ in the Paris
+basin."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE IDLER.
+
+There were many newspapers in the room, but there was nothing in them.
+There was a clock, but it did not seem to go; at least, so he thought,
+but after looking at it for a very long time he found it did go, but it
+went very slowly. Then he looked at his watch, and that went as slow as
+the clock. Then he took up the newspapers again one after the other very
+deliberately. He read the sporting intelligence and the fashionable
+news. But he did not read very attentively, as he afterwards discovered.
+Then he looked at the clock again, and was almost angry at the
+imperturbable monotony of its face. Then he took out his pocket-book to
+amuse himself by reading his memorandums, but they were very few, and
+very unintelligible. Then he rose up from his seat, and went to the
+window; and looked at the people in the street; he thought they looked
+very stupid, and wondered what they could all find to do with
+themselves. He looked at the carriages, and saw none with coronets,
+except now and then a hackney-coach. Then he began to pick his teeth,
+and that reminded him of eating; and then he rang the bell, which
+presently brought a waiter; and he took that opportunity of drawling out
+the word "waiter" in such lengthened tone, as if resolved to make one
+word last as long as possible.--_Rank and Talent_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF GIBEON.
+
+VERSES ILLUSTRATIVE OF MARTIN S JOSHUA.
+
+
+"For every battle of the warrior is with confused noise and garments
+rolled in blood but this with burning and fuel of fire."--ISAIAH ix. 5.
+
+
+  From Gilgal's camp went forth, at dead of night,
+    The host of Israel: with the rising sun
+  They stood arrayed against the Amorite,
+    Beneath the regal heights of Gibeon,
+  Glorious in morning's splendour! Lebanon,
+    Dim in the distance, reared its lofty head;
+  Light clouds o'erbung the vale of Ajalon,
+    And the Five Armies, by their monarchs led,
+  Not to mere mortal fight, but conflict far more dread.
+
+  How beautiful, at matin's early prime,
+    Valley, and mountain, and that city fair!
+  Magnificent, yet fearfully sublime,
+    In few brief hours the scene depicted there!
+  Below the battle raged, and high in air
+    The gathering clouds, with tempest in their womb,
+  A supernatural darkness seem'd to wear;
+    As heralding, by their portentous gloom,
+  Victory to Israel's host, her foes' impending doom!
+
+  Upon a jutting crag, below the height
+    Where stands the royal city in its pride,
+  The ark is rested! in the people's sight
+    The priests and Joshua standing by its side;
+  Awhile the chief the sea of battle eyed,
+    Which heaved beneath:--in accents undismayed,
+  "Sun, stand thou still on Gibeon!" he cried,
+    "And thou, O Moon, o'er Ajalon be stayed!"
+  And holiest records tell the mandate was obeyed.
+
+  Look on the horrid conflict; mark the stream
+    Of lurid and unnatural light that falls,
+  Like some wild meteors bright terrific gleam,
+    On Gibeon's steep and battlemented walls;
+  Her royal palace, and her pillared halls,
+    Seeming more gorgeous in its vivid blaze!
+  While o'er proud Lebanon the storm appals,
+    In jagged lines the arrowy lightning plays,
+  Soften'd to Israel's sight by intervening haze.
+
+  But o'er the Amoritish camp the cloud
+    Bursts in its fury! on the race abhorred
+  The parting heavens, as from a pitchy shroud.
+    Their desolating hail-storm's wrath out-poured,
+  More vengeful in its ire than Israel's sword!
+    Thus was deliverance unto Gibeon shown;
+  And by the fearful battle of the Lord,
+    The army of the Amorites o'erthrown,
+  And the almighty power of Israel's God made known.
+
+  Made known by marvels awfully sublime!
+    Yet far more glorious in the Christian's sight
+  Than these stern terrors of the olden time,
+    The gentler splendours of that peaceful night,
+  When opening clouds display'd, in vision bright,
+    The heavenly host to Bethlehem's shepherd train,
+  Shedding around them more than cloudless light!
+    "Glory to God on high!" their opening strain,
+  Its chorus, "Peace on earth!" its theme Messiah's reign!
+
+
+_Bernard Barton's New Year's Eve, &c._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MAKING ACQUAINTANCE.
+
+What could be more natural than for Mr. Jackson to say to Dr. Smith, "I
+am going to call on Markham?" And what could be more natural than for
+Dr. Smith to say, "I will go with you, and you may introduce me?" So
+then Markham's friend, Jackson, leaves his card, and Jackson's friend,
+Dr. Smith, leaves his card too.--_Rank and Talent._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GENTLEMEN'S FASHIONS.
+
+We read much of the luxurious effeminacy of the old Romans, their
+fantastically curled hair, their favourite robes, &c.; but what will
+posterity think of some of the modes of puppyism in our times, when they
+read in a chronicle of fashion, dated 1829, that gentlemen wore elegant
+drab cloth opera manteaux lined with scarlet velvet, and confined at the
+collar with a gold chain! In another dress, the waistcoat is directed to
+be made of "a very beautiful white embroidered velvet;" "some young
+_men_ have appeared at balls with blue dress gloves embroidered
+with white;" "the _system_ of the cravat is to form the
+_organization_ of linen on the breast," the very "march" of
+foppery; "cloaks of the gentlemen lined with plush silk of celestial
+blue;" "at balls our young exquisites sport pocket-handkerchiefs of fine
+lawn, with a hem as broad as their thumbs; the corners _only_ are
+embroidered:" "shoes tied with a small _rosette_;" "a young
+gentleman now suffers his hair to grow, has it curled, and parted on the
+left side of the forehead," &c. &c.--This out-herods Herod.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PICTURE OF LONDON.
+
+A new edition of this very useful and attractive volume has just
+appeared, re-edited by Mr. Britton, who, by his extensive architectural
+knowledge, as well as by his popular style of imparting that knowledge,
+is calculated to produce a better "Picture of London" than any other
+writer within our acquaintance. The introduction is, of course, the most
+novel part of this edition, and as it enables Mr. Britton to embody much
+authentic information on the public works now in progress, we have
+abridged a few of these details, which will be found in a Supplement
+published with the present Number. The _Picture of London_ was, we
+believe, first printed in 1806; and the extensive patronage which it
+has enjoyed during twenty-two years has been well deserved by its
+progressive completeness.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR;
+
+AND
+
+LITERARY NOTICES OF
+
+_NEW WORKS._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+RANK AND TALENT.
+
+_By the Author of Penelope, or Love's Labour Lost._
+
+
+In our last volume we devoted nearly six of our columns to an outline of
+the predecessor of the present work, or the novel of _Penelope_. We
+there stated our opinion of the author's talents in a peculiar style of
+novel-writing--a sort of mixture of satire and fashion, without the
+starchness of the one, or the silly affectation of the other--abounding
+in well-drawn pictures of real life, free from caricature, and teeming
+with home-truths, in themselves of such plainness and ready application,
+as to make precept and example follow on with near approaches to
+probability and truth.
+
+The author's _forte_ unquestionably lies in this species of
+writing, and his "_Rank and Talent_" will, we think, bear us out in
+this opinion. The story or canvass of the novel is simple, and well
+prepared for his sketches and finished portraits of character. They
+belong to fashionable and middle life, and the conceits and
+eccentricities, as well as the straightforward integrity of their
+stations are illustrated with peculiar force. Sound moral and knowledge
+of the world are occasionally introduced with great tact, for the author
+is no stranger to the inmost workings and recesses of the human heart;
+and he adapts these lessons, and dovetails them with the narrative, in a
+clever and agreeable style.
+
+The outline of the story may be briefly told. The Hon. Philip Martindale
+has an action brought against him, at the assizes, for the false
+imprisonment of one Richard Smith, as a poacher; although the object of
+the defendant was a beautiful girl residing with the defendant. Clara
+Rivolta is rudely cross-examined as a witness; whilst the plaintiff's
+case is conducted by Horatio Markham, an intelligent young barrister,
+whose parents reside in the town where the action is tried. The cousin
+of the defendant, Mr. John Martindale, an eccentric old gentleman who
+builds an abbey for his titled relative to occupy, whilst he himself
+lives in a cottage on the estate; seeks an acquaintance with Markham.
+These parties reside at Brigland, and Philip Martindale, a dissipated
+lover of the turf, who is dependent on his capricious cousin for his
+supplies; and Horatio Markham, the hero, are thus introduced. Then we
+have a country curate of the higher order, together with his loquacious
+_half_; which are excellent portraits.
+
+John Martindale is one of those eccentric beings--half-aristocrat, and
+half-liberal, which are more rare in society than they were fifty years
+since; and upon this curious compound turns the narrative. Clara Rivolta
+and her mother, Signora Rivolta, the wife of Colonel R. quit their
+native Italy, and visit Brigland, where old Martindale, on the
+discovery, acknowledges the Signora as the fruit of an early imprudence
+on the continent, and finally leaves them a large fortune. Clara is
+married to Markham, and Philip Martindale, afterwards Earl of
+Trimmerstone, marries a gay, giddy girl, who elopes with a perfumed
+puppy of the first fragrance.
+
+The round of the earl's dissipation is but a sorry picture of the
+prostitution of rank; but the connexion leads us into a succession of
+scenes of fashionable life, which are vividly drawn, as are two or three
+of their adjuncts,--a popular west-end preacher, an anti-nervous
+physician, the dandy already mentioned, a noble gambler, and a rich city
+knight and his aspiring family--all of which are to the life.
+
+Our extracts must be detached from the narrative; but they may serve to
+illustrate the felicitous vein in which the characters are drawn.
+
+The means by which Signora Rivolta is discovered by Martindale, is well
+managed. One morning after the old gentleman had been amusing his
+visiters with some Italian views, Mr. Denver, the curate, introduced to
+Mr. Martindale with great parade Colonel Rivolta, whom he described as
+having recently made his escape from the continent, where he was exposed
+to persecution, if not to death, on account of his political opinions.
+The reverend gentleman then proceeded to state, that the colonel had
+previously to his own arrival in England sent over his wife and
+daughter, whom he had committed to the care of Richard Smith; that with
+them he had also transmitted some property, which old Richard had
+invested for their use and benefit; that unfortunately the very first
+night of the colonel's arrival at Brigland, the cottage in which Richard
+Smith dwelt had been robbed by a gipsy; that in consequence of that
+event the poor old man had been so seriously alarmed, that he had been
+totally unable to attend to any thing, and that he had died, leaving
+this poor foreigner in a strange land not knowing how to proceed as
+to the recovery of his little property. After an interview, in which
+Martindale promises the colonel his assistance, the latter was rising to
+take leave, when his eye was arrested by a print which Mr. Martindale
+held in his hand, and which he had unrolled while he was talking. As
+soon as the colonel saw the picture, he recognised the scene which it
+represented, and uttered an ejaculation, indicative of surprise and
+pleasure. Mr. Martindale then, for the first time, observed the print,
+and noticed its subject; he also looked upon it with surprise, but not
+with pleasure; and then he asked the stranger if that scene were
+familiar to him, with very great emotion the colonel replied:--"That
+scene brings to my recollection the happiest day of my life."
+
+For a few seconds the party were totally silent; for the clergyman and
+the foreigner were struck dumb with astonishment at the altered looks of
+the old gentleman, and were surprised to see him crushing the picture
+in both hands. He then, as if with an effort of great resolution,
+exclaimed:--"And it brings to my recollection the most miserable day
+of my life."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The agitation of the old gentleman abated, and he replied: "I thank you
+for your kindness, sir, but my sorrow arises from self-reproach. I have
+inflicted injuries which can never be redressed." He hesitated, as if
+wishing, but dreading to say more. Then changing the tone of his voice,
+as if he were about to speak on some totally different subject, he
+continued addressing himself to Colonel Rivolta:--"I presume, sir, you
+are a native of Genoa, or you are very familiar with that city." "I was
+born," replied the foreigner, "at Naples; but very early in life I was
+removed to Genoa, that I might be engaged in merchandize; for my
+patrimony was very small, and my relations would have despised me, had I
+endeavoured by any occupation to gain a livelihood in my native city."
+"Then you were not originally destined for the army?" "I was not; but
+after I had been some few years in Genoa, I began to grow weary of the
+pursuits of merchandize, and indeed to feel some of that pride of which
+I had accused my relations, and I thought that I should be satisfied
+with very little if I might be free from the occupation of the merchant;
+and while I was so thinking, I met by chance an old acquaintance who
+persuaded me to undertake the profession of arms, to which I was indeed
+not reluctant. And so I left my merchandise, and did not see Genoa again
+for nearly two years. It was then that I was so much interested in that
+scene which the picture portrays; for in a very small house which is in
+the same street, directly opposite to that palace, there lived an old
+woman, whose name was ----"
+
+The attention of the old gentleman had been powerfully arrested by the
+commencement of the Italian's narrative; and he listened very calmly
+till the narrator arrived at the point when he was about to mention the
+name of the old woman who lived opposite to the palace in question: then
+was Mr. Martindale again excited, and without waiting for the conclusion
+of the sentence, interrupted it by exclaiming: "Ah! what! do you know
+that old woman? Is she living? Where is she?--Stop--no--let me
+see--impossible!--Why I must be nearly seventy--yes--are you sure? Is
+not her name Bianchi?"
+
+To this hurried and confused mass of interrogation, the colonel replied
+that her name was Bianchi; but that she had died nearly twenty years
+ago, at a very advanced age, being at the time of her death nearly
+ninety years of age. Hearing this, the old gentleman assumed a great
+calmness and composure of manner, though he trembled as if in an ague;
+and turning to the astonished clergyman, who was pleasing himself with
+the anticipation of some catastrophe or anecdote which might form a fine
+subject for town-talk, he very deliberately said:--"Mr. Denver, I beg I
+may not intrude any longer on your valuable time. This gentleman, I
+find, can give me some account of an old acquaintance of mine. The
+inquiries may not be interesting to you. Make my best compliments to
+Mrs. Denver."
+
+When this good man was withdrawn, Mr. Martindale requested the stranger
+to be seated; and unmindful of the guests whom he had left to amuse
+themselves and each other, he commenced very deliberately to examine the
+foreigner concerning those matters which had so strongly excited his
+feelings.
+
+"You tell me," said Mr. Martindale, "that the old woman, Bianchi, has
+been dead nearly twenty years. Now, my good friend, can you inform me
+how long you were acquainted with this old woman before her death."
+"I knew her," replied the colonel, "only for about four years before
+she died." "And had you much intimacy with her, so as to hear her
+talk about former days." "Very often indeed," replied the foreigner,
+"did she talk about the past; for as her age was very great, and her
+memory was very good, it was great interest to hear her tell of ancient
+things; and she was a woman of most excellent understanding, and very
+benevolent in her disposition. Indeed, I can say that I loved the old
+woman much, very much indeed. I was sorry at her death." "But tell me,"
+said Mr. Martindale, impatiently, "did you ever hear her say any thing
+of an infant--an orphan that was committed to her care nearly forty
+years ago?" At this question, the eyes of the stranger brightened, and
+his face was overspread with a smile of delight, when he replied: "Oh
+yes, much indeed, much indeed! that orphan is my wife,"
+
+This rapidity of explanation was almost too much for the old gentleman's
+feelings. His limbs had been trembling with the agitation arising from
+thus reverting to days and events long passed; and he had entertained
+some hope from the language of the foreigner, that he might gain some
+intelligence concerning one that had been forgotten, but whose image was
+again revived in his memory. He had thought but lightly in the days of
+his youth of that which he then called folly, but more seriously in the
+days of his age of that same conduct which then he called vice. It would
+have been happiness to his soul, could an opportunity have been afforded
+him of making something like amends to the representatives of the
+injured, even though the injured had been long asleep in the grave. When
+all at once, therefore, the intelligence burst upon him, that one was
+living in whom he possessed an interest, and over whose destiny he
+should have watched, but whom he had neglected and forgotten, he felt
+his soul melt within him; and well it was for him that he found relief
+in tears. Surprised beyond measure was Colonel Rivolta, when he observed
+the effect produced on Mr. Martindale, and heard the old gentleman say
+with trembling voice:--"And that orphan, sir, is my daughter." He paused
+for a minute or two, and his companion was too much astonished and
+interested to interrupt him: recovering himself, he continued: "For many
+years after that child was born, I had not the means of making any other
+provision for it than placing it under the care of the old woman of whom
+we have been speaking. I gave her such compensation as my circumstances
+then allowed; and as the mother died soon after the birth of the infant,
+I thought myself freed from all farther responsibility when I had made
+provision for the infant. I endeavoured, indeed, to forget the event
+altogether; and as I wished to form a respectable connexion in marriage,
+I took especial care to conceal this transgression. However, various
+circumstances prevented me from time to time from entering into the
+married state; and having within the last twelve years come into the
+possession of larger property than I had ever anticipated, it occurred
+to me that there should be living at Genoa a child of mine, then indeed
+long past childhood. I wrote to Genoa, and had no answer; I went to
+Genoa, and could find no trace either of my child or of the old woman to
+whose care I had entrusted her; and I was grieved not so much for the
+loss of my child, as for the lack of an opportunity of making some
+amends for my crime. I am delighted to hear that she lives. To-morrow I
+will see her."
+
+Upon this interesting disclosure hinge the principal incidents. In the
+course of these are some admirable pleasantries; especially a
+horse-race, and the description of Trimmerstone, in vol. i.; and the
+clerical prig, and a slight sketch of the dangle Tippetson, in vol. ii.
+
+The Earl of Trimmerstone's portrait, after old Martindale's death is
+well drawn:
+
+The Earl of Trimmerstone was depressed in spirits; it is indeed very
+natural that he should be. The life which he had led, the companions
+with whom he had associated, the disappointments which he had
+experienced, his foolish marriage, the disgraceful conduct of his silly
+countess, the taunts and reproaches of his opulent relative, the
+weariness and disgust that he felt in having nothing to do, and the
+annoyance of an empty title, which merely mocked him with the epithet of
+right honourable, all these things combined to render him almost
+disgusted with, and weary of life. His solitude was soon invaded by a
+visit from the Rev. Marmaduke Sprout, rector of Trimmerstone, who was
+rather fanatical in his theology, and finical in attire and address. He
+could presently render himself agreeable to any person of exalted rank
+by his very courteous and conciliating demeanour; and he possessed a
+peculiar softness and gentleness of manner, with which indeed the Earl
+of Trimmerstone would, in his past days of cock-fighting, horse-racing,
+and boxing, have been thoroughly disgusted. But his lordship was quite
+an altered man. Formerly, the lowest pursuits under the name of sport or
+fancy had been agreeable to his lordship; and every species of religious
+ sentiment he had regarded with the profoundest contempt and the most
+unmingled abhorrence. But now he was sick, and weary of all these things!
+and because one extreme was purely offensive and wearisome, he took
+it for granted that the opposite must be truly delightful and highly
+consistent, and so under the tuition of Mr. Sprout, he changed and
+reversed all his habits, good, bad, and indifferent. From staking
+thousands at a horse-race, he turned up his eyes at the grievous
+abomination of half-crown whist; and, indeed, had he been disposed to
+card-playing, he could not have indulged himself at Trimmerstone, for
+Mr. Sprout had banished almost all card-playing from the place, so
+that there was not a pack of cards in the parish, except two or three
+mutilated well-thumbed packs of quadrille-cards, which were still used
+by a knot of antiquated spinsters worthy of the good old days of
+Sacheverel and High Church. Quadrille-cards will not do for whist,
+for all the eights, nines, and tens are thrown out. Formerly, Lord
+Trimmerstone used to be proud of giving some of his acquaintance a
+sumptuous dinner; but now he had changed all that, and he only kept one
+female cook, who could just manage to make a comfortable and snug little
+dish or two for his lordship's own self, occasionally assisted by the
+Rev. Mr. Sprout. Formerly, his lordship had been disposed to be lively,
+and oftentimes facetious; but now he was prodigiously grave, and almost
+sulky. Formerly, his lordship never went to church; now he went twice
+every Sunday, and said Amen as loud as the clerk, and with much more
+solemnity, for the clerk did not turn up his eyes for fear of losing the
+place. Formerly, his lordship had been very candid; now he had become
+exceedingly censorious, and he seemed to measure his religion by the
+severity with which he reproved transgressors. His lordship several
+times attempted to make all the inhabitants of Trimmerstone go to church
+twice every Sunday, except his own cook. But in this his lordship could
+not succeed, and indeed it was well for him that he could not; for if
+he had, the church would have been so crowded that he could not have
+enjoyed a great, large, lined, stuffed, padded, carpeted pew for
+himself.
+
+In another portion of the MIRROR we have quoted half a dozen of the
+author's amenities just to show the reader that in depicting the follies
+of fashionable life, there is less fiddle-faddle--less _rank_ than
+_talent_--and more sense than in many other chronicles of the ton.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE
+
+Public Journals.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MAXIMS OF JOHN BULLISM.
+
+
+When you travel in a stage-coach, make all the passengers, both inside
+and outside, fully acquainted with your name, business, and objects in
+travelling, before five minutes have elapsed. Among the rest, be sure
+you give them to think you are a man of property, and the personal
+friend of at least half-a-dozen nobles or members of parliament. If in
+trade, inform them you have something very handsome in the three per
+cents., and live on terms of perfect familiarity with the great Jew.
+
+Honesty is the best and most profitable policy in the long run, but
+there are a thousand exceptions to this rule in private practice.
+
+Do no charity by stealth; it is never repaid in this world to any
+advantage; do it openly, and there are chances of its returning cent per
+cent.
+
+You may keep a running horse, or two, though you are a magistrate sworn
+to put down gambling: you need not bet upon the race-course yourself.
+You may subscribe to Fishmongers' Hall, and go there without throwing
+the dice. You may share the profits of a _roulette_ table, without
+venturing your luck. It is strange that vulgar understandings cannot
+discriminate in these matters!
+
+When you have made up your mind finally to do any thing, ask the advice
+of your friend about it. The act of consultation will please him, and
+you will be none the worse.
+
+Human happiness is more or less complete in a ratio with successful
+pecuniary accumulation.
+
+If you enter a drawing-room before dinner a little time too early, and
+find yourself _vis-à-vis_ with an unlucky visiter as forlorn as
+yourself, do not utter a word. The chances are, nine out of ten, he will
+not speak first, that is, if he be a true Briton. Stare at him as hard
+as you can.
+
+If you meet a lady in society, old or young, married or single, who
+equals you in argument, or rises superior to the thousand and one
+automatons disgorged monthly from fashionable boarding-schools, report
+her a _bas bleu_ to your male acquaintances, and warn her own sex
+to shun her.
+
+When you meet an inferior in a public street, it is your duty to cut
+him, if any one who knows you is in sight. If you cannot escape a
+recognition, do it with as little parade as possible--a movement of the
+lips is sufficient--and walk on at a quick rate. Who knows but the Lord
+Mayor, or Mr. Alderman Blowbladder, may observe you?
+
+A grain of impudence will fetch more in the market than twelve bushels
+of modesty.
+
+In the scale of dignities two Cheapside chaises make one Stanhope; two
+Stanhopes a cab; two cabs a landaulet and pair; and so on up to the
+state-coach; and as their numerical relation, so is the degree of
+respect they may justly exact.
+
+If you visit foreign parts, and meet a countryman who may be useful to
+you, do not hesitate to avail yourself of his services; but be sure
+never to acknowledge him should you meet in your native land, unless he
+receive some other introduction to you, and you have it on creditable
+evidence that he is a man of good property.
+
+Never allow reason weight in any thing you have resolved to be right
+that is opposed to it. Reason may be useful in mathematics, to men of
+genius, and to scholars; but it has little to do with every-day
+existence, with the Three per Cents, the national revenue, the Stock
+Exchange, or the India House.
+
+Never get acquainted with your next-door neighbour, unless you find he
+is in good pecuniary circumstances. If you meet on the highway, or touch
+elbows at your respective fore-doors, look at each other like two
+strange tom-cats, and pursue your way.
+
+Commiserate the fate of a Thurtell, a Probert, or a Corder, sent
+(ripened for heaven in a forty-eight hours' probation by a Newgate
+chaplain) out of the world their hellish acts have so sullied; but
+sympathise not with a Riego or a Canaris. Heroic vice was always
+spiriting; heroic virtue is phlegmatic. John Bull's constitution is only
+acted upon by strong excitement.
+
+When you dine with the Lord Mayor, or any of the Aldermen of Brobdignag,
+and they attempt to exhibit their skill at repartee, be sure decide the
+wealthiest to be the wittiest. It will insure you a good dinner another
+time, perhaps something more.
+
+In choosing a wife, prefer even Bristol ugliness to beauty, especially
+if there be a fortune. Beauty will change, intellect may be too much for
+you, but ugliness will be true to you as to itself; besides its
+advantage of preserving you from the effects of conjugal frailty.
+
+A judge's wig is a Delphic mystery, whether brains be in it or not. It
+is a of sublunary wisdom--an umbrella over an oracle.
+
+When you dine at a public dinner, always take your seat opposite a
+favourite dish. Carve it yourself, and select the choicest bits, then
+leave it to your right-hand neighbour to help the rest of the company.
+
+Always stick your napkin in your button-hole at the dinner table, if you
+admit such French superfluities at all. Eat with the sharp edge of your
+knife towards your mouth; forks won't take up gravy. Never wipe your
+lips when you take wine with a lady, and fill both her glass and your
+own until daylight is not visible through the crystal.
+
+When Mrs. Bull is obstreperous, go to the coffee-house and call for your
+glass. It is an excellent cure for her complaint, and you will get the
+latest news retailed in the most engaging manner, with the pleasure of
+knowing she is biting her lips at home in vexation.
+
+Never hold any intercourse with people of whom the world speaks ill.
+'Tis true they may be, and generally are, among the very best of
+mankind, but as they are not reputed to be so, what is that to you?
+
+Some persons cant about the wickedness of the times: believe them not;
+this is the most saintly of ages, the most pure of generations,
+considering its temptations.
+
+Vice at the east and west end of town, is different only in form; in
+substance it comes to the same thing, and in quality is equal to a
+grain.
+
+Never leave a dispute to be settled by arbitration; if you are rich,
+always appeal to law, especially if your opponent be poor. The lawyers
+will manage for you long before the case gets up to the Lords, and
+perhaps secure your rival _in banco regis_ for expenses. In an
+arbitration, the case may be decided against you in a twinkling. It is a
+capital thing that justice and a long purse are sworn brothers; besides,
+moneyed men should have some advantage in society.
+
+So little is the value of an oath understood by any but the Bull family,
+that none but the postboys and the vulgar use oaths in foreign nations,
+America excepted; but that country being a chip of the old block,
+already rivals honest John; outdo him she must not.
+
+Lard your butter, wet your tobacco, pipe-clay your flour, sand your
+sugar, sloe-leaf your tea, coal-ash your pepper, deteriorate your drugs,
+water your liquors, alloy your gold and silver, plunder your lodgers,
+and, while none know it, who is the worse! Then to church, and thank God
+you are not as other men.
+
+Live and talk as if you were to live for ever. If you have accumulated
+tens of thousands, try and make them hundreds of thousands. Why should
+you retire and make way for the industry of others, while you are able
+to treasure up more.
+
+Give credit, take credit, live upon credit; if you are wealthy, your own
+money will be gathering interest at the same time. If you are poor, you
+have no other means to live by.
+
+In matters of business, let there be no favour. If you are dealing with
+your own father, give nothing to him. Screw the uttermost farthing, and,
+if need, sell him.
+
+Give only to receive.
+
+Men of genius are fools; the truly great men know how to make money, and
+money is power--the power of making more money. Your men of genius are
+at best but harlequins with empty pockets.--_New Monthly Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+
+  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+      SHAKSPEARE.
+
+        *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE OPERA.
+
+Swift, in his Journal to Stella, speaking of the Opera says, "In half an
+hour I was tired of their _fine stuff_."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FAUSTINA and CUZZONI, two celebrated opera singers, were such bitter
+rivals, that neither of them would sing in the same room with the other.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CATS.
+
+Four learned cats are now exhibiting in Regent-street; but as we have
+not yet left our card with their feline excellencies, we cannot wink at
+their perfections.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SHERWOOD AND ROBIN HOOD.
+
+The officers of Sherwood Forest, famous for having been the
+head-quarters of Robin Hood in the 16th century, were a warden, his
+lieutenant and steward, a bow-bearer, and a ranger, four verderers,
+twelve regarders, four agisters, and twelve keepers or foresters, all
+under a chief forester; besides these there were several woodwards for
+every township within the forest, and one for every principal wood.
+
+HALBERT H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The late Duke of Norfolk passing down Piccadilly with Sheridan, as a
+gigantic wooden Highlander was just then fixing at the door of a
+tobacconist, asked, what was the reason of this usual location. "Ay, ay,
+I see it now," said the duke, "it is as much as to say, bargains here, a
+man may get the most for his farthing." "No," said Sheridan, "it seems
+quite the contrary, for if the Scotchman could have driven any thing in
+the way of bargain, he would have gone in."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A Mrs. Tomlinson is mentioned in the papers as having, lately died,
+worth thirty thousand pounds, chiefly amassed by habits of extreme
+penury. She had, before this accumulation, separated from her husband,
+to whom she handsomely allowed five shillings a-week. This was observed
+to realize the often-repeated saying of Solomon--"A virtuous woman is a
+_crown_ to her husband."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SUGAR MADE FROM RAGS.
+
+The compiler of a Catechism of Chemistry up to the latest date, says,
+"It is a remarkable fact, that a pound of rags may be converted into
+more than a pound of sugar, merely by the action of sulphuric acid. When
+shreds of linen are triturated (stirred) in a glass mortar with
+sulphuric acid, they yield a gummy matter on evaporation; and if this
+matter be boiled for some time with dilute sulphuric acid, we obtain a
+crystallizable sugar."--Now is the time to look up all your old rags,
+&c.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A choral society, consisting of 160 members, has just been established
+at Breslau, for the cultivation of ancient music.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+JOHN OF GAUNT.
+
+There is a curious tradition respecting the estate of Sutton Park, (the
+seat of Sir J. Burgoyne.) near Biggleswade, Bedfordshire, which states
+it formerly belonged to John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, who gave it to
+an ancestor of the present proprietor, named Roger Burgoyne, by the
+following laconic grant:--
+
+  I, John of Gaunt,
+  Do give and do grant
+  To Roger Burgoyne,
+  And the heirs of his loin,
+  Both Sutton and Potton,[3]
+  Until the world's rotten.
+
+
+There is also a moated site in the park, called "John of Gaunt's Castle."
+
+J.H.
+
+    [3] A neighbouring village.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+With the present Number is published a SUPPLEMENT, containing THREE
+ENGRAVINGS: 1. _The Death-Watch_. 2. _The Glow-Worm_. 3.
+_The Talipot Tree_, and a series of other curious and attractive
+Wonders of Nature--The First and Last Crime, a vivid and masterly
+sketch--Public Improvements now in progress in London--besides an
+unusual variety of Literary Novelties.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD 143, Strand, (near Somerset
+House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and
+by all Newsmen and Booksellers_.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, No. 360, by Various
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13644 ***
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+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13644 ***</div>
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page161" name="page161"></a>[pg 161]</span>
+  <h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+  OF<br />
+  LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+  <hr class="full" />
+  <table width="100%" summary="Banner">
+    <tr>
+      <td align="left"><b>VOL. XIII. NO. 360.]</b></td>
+      <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, MARCH 14, 1829.</b></td>
+      <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+  <hr class="full" />
+<h2>
+Grand Entrance to Hyde Park.
+</h2>
+<div class="figure" style="width: 100%;">
+<a href="images/360-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/360-1.png"
+alt="Frieze." /></a>
+<center><i>Frieze.</i></center>
+</div>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page162" name="page162"></a>[pg 162]</span>
+</p>
+<h2>
+	GRAND ENTRANCE TO HYDE PARK.
+</h2>
+<p>
+The great Lord Burleigh says, "A realm gaineth more by one year's peace
+than by ten years' war;" and the architectural triumphs which are rising
+in every quarter of the metropolis are strong confirmation of this
+maxim.
+</p>
+<p>
+One of these triumphs is represented in the annexed engraving, viz. the
+grand entrance to Hyde Park, erected from the designs of Decimus Burton,
+Esq. It consists of a screen of handsome fluted Ionic columns, with
+three carriage entrance archways, two foot entrances, a lodge, &amp;c. The
+extent of the whole frontage is about 107 feet. The central entrance
+has a bold projection: the entablature is supported by four columns;
+and the volutes of the capitals of the outside column on each side
+of the gateway are formed in an angular direction, so as to exhibit two
+complete faces to view. The two side gateways, in their elevations,
+present two insulated Ionic columns, flanked by antae. All these
+entrances are finished by a blocking, the sides of the central one being
+decorated with a beautiful frieze, representing a naval and military
+triumphal procession, which our artist has copied and represented in
+distinct engravings. This frieze was designed by Mr. Henning, jun., son
+of Mr. Henning, so well known for his admirable models of the Elgin
+marbles. It possesses great classical merit, and the model was exhibited
+last season in the sculpture-room of the Suffolk-street Gallery.
+</p>
+<p>
+The <i>gates</i> were manufactured by Messrs. Bramah. They are of iron,
+bronzed, and fixed or hung to the piers by rings of gun-metal. The
+design consists of a beautiful arrangement of the Greek honeysuckle
+ornament; the parts being well defined, and the raffles of the leaves
+brought out in a most extraordinary manner. The hanging of the gates is
+also very ingenious.
+</p>
+<p>
+Mr. Soane's proposed entrances to Piccadilly and St. James's and Hyde
+Parks, are generally considered superior to those that have been
+adopted. The park entrances were to consist of two triumphal arches
+connected with each other by a colonnade and arches stretching across
+Piccadilly. The same ingenious architect likewise designed a new palace
+at the top of Constitution Hill, from which to the House of Lords the
+King should pass Buckingham House, Carlton House, a splendid Waterloo
+and Trafalgar monument, a fine triumphal arch, the Privy Council Office,
+Board of Trade, and the new law courts.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h2>
+	LINES
+</h2>
+<p>
+<i>On the origin of the application of the name of the "Fleur de
+Souvenance," (modern "Forget-me-not,") to the Myosotis Scorpiodis.</i>
+</p>
+<center>
+(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)
+</center>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  A gallant knight and a lady bright</p>
+<p class="i2">    Walk'd by a crystal lake;</p>
+           <p>  The twin'd oaks made a grateful shade</p>
+<p class="i2">    Above the fangled brake,</p>
+           <p>  While the trembling leaves of aspen trees</p>
+<p class="i2">    A murmuring music make.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  And as they spoke, round them echoes woke</p>
+<p class="i2">    To tales of love and glory;</p>
+           <p>  The knight was brave, though of love the slave,</p>
+<p class="i2">    And the dame lov'd gallant story&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  Proudly he told deeds gentle and bold,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Of warriors dead or hoary.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Like babe at rest on its mother's breast,</p>
+<p class="i2">    On that an island lay&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  So still and fair reigned Nature there&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">    So bright the glist'ring spray,</p>
+           <p>  You might have thought the scene had been wrought</p>
+<p class="i2">    By spell of faun or fay.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  On the island's edge, midst tangled sedge,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Lay a wreath of wild flow'rs blue&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  The broad flag-leaf was their sweet relief,</p>
+<p class="i2">    When the heat too fervid grew;</p>
+           <p>  And the willow's shade a shelter made,</p>
+<p class="i2">    When stormy tempests blew.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  And as they stood, the faithful flood</p>
+<p class="i2">    Gave back ev'ry line and trace</p>
+           <p>  Of earth below and heaven above,</p>
+<p class="i2">    And their own forms gallant grace&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  For forms more fair than that lovely pair</p>
+<p class="i2">    Ne'er shone on its liquid face.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "I would a flower from that bright bower</p>
+<p class="i2">    Some nymph would waft to me&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  For in my eyes a dearer prize</p>
+<p class="i2">    Than glitt'ring gem 'twould be&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  For its changeless blue seems emblem true</p>
+<p class="i2">    Of love's own constancy."</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  The maiden spake, and no more the lake</p>
+<p class="i2">    In slumb'ring stillness lay,</p>
+           <p>  For from the side of his destin'd bride</p>
+<p class="i2">    The knight has pass'd away;</p>
+           <p>  In vain the maid's soft words essay'd</p>
+<p class="i2">    His rash pursuit to stay.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  He has reach'd the tower, and pluck'd the flower.</p>
+<p class="i2">    And turn'd from the verdant spot.</p>
+           <p>  Ah, hapless knight! some Naiad bright</p>
+<p class="i2">    Woo'd thee to her coral grot;</p>
+           <p>  And forbids that more to touch that shore</p>
+<p class="i2">    Shall ever be thy lot.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Vainly he tried to gain the side,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Where knelt his lady-love;</p>
+           <p>  Flagg'd every limb, his eyes grew dim,</p>
+<p class="i2">    But still the spirit strove.</p>
+           <p>  One effort more&mdash;he flings to shore</p>
+<p class="i2">    The flow'r so dear to prove.</p>
+           <p>  'Tis past! 'tis past! that look his last,</p>
+<p class="i2">    That fond sad glance of love</p>
+           <p>  The bubbling wave his farewell gave</p>
+<p class="i2">    In the moan, "Forget me not."</p>
+</div></div>
+<h4>
+D.A.H
+</h4>
+<p>
+The above incident occurred in the time of Edward IV.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page163" name="page163"></a>[pg 163]</span>
+</p>
+<h2>
+	HAVER BREAD.
+</h2>
+<center>
+(<i>To the Editor of the Mirror.</i>)
+</center>
+<p>
+In the MIRROR, No. 358, the article headed "Memorable Days," the writer,
+in that part of which the <i>Avver Bread</i> is treated of, says it is
+made of oats leavened and kneaded into a large, thin, round cake, which
+is placed upon a girdle over the fire; adding, that he is totally at a
+loss for a definition of the word Avver; that he has sometimes thought
+avver, means oaten; which I think, correct, it being very likely a
+corruption of the French, avoine, oats; introduced among many others,
+into the Scottish language, during the great intimacy which formerly
+existed between France and Scotland; in which latter country a great
+many words were introduced from the former, which are still in use; such
+as gabart, a large boat, or lighter, from the French gabarre; bawbee,
+baspiece, a small copper coin; vennell, a lane, or narrow street, which
+still retains its original pronunciation and meaning. Enfiler la vennel;
+a common figurative expression for running away is still in use in
+France. Apropos of vennell, Dr. Stoddard, in a "Pedestrian Tour through
+the Land of Cakes," when a young man, says he could not trace its
+meaning in any language, (I speak from memory) also made the same
+observation where I was; being at that time on intimate terms with the
+doctor, I pointed out to him its derivation from the Latin into the
+French, and thence, probably, into the Scotch; the embryo L.L.D. stared,
+and seemed chagrined, at receiving such information from a
+</p>
+<h4>
+CREOLE.
+</h4>
+<p>
+P.S. In no part of Great Britain, I believe, is oaten bread so much used
+as in Scotland; from whence the term, "The Land of Cakes is derived." In
+some parts of France, <i>Pain d'avoine</i> has been in use in my time.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+EPITOME OF THE CRUSADES.
+</h3>
+<center>
+(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)
+</center>
+<p>
+The first Crusade<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> to the Holy Land was undertaken by numerous
+Christian princes, who gained Jerusalem after it had been in possession
+of the Saracens four hundred and nine years. Godfrey, of Boulogne, was
+then chosen king by his companions in arms; but he had not long enjoyed
+his new dignity, before he had occasion to march out against a great
+army of Turks and Saracens, whom he overthrew, and killed one hundred
+thousand of their men, besides taking much spoil. Shortly after this
+victory, a pestilence happened, of which multitudes died; and the
+contagion reaching Godfrey, the first Christian King of Jerusalem,
+he also expired, on the 18th of July, 1100, having scarcely reigned
+a full year.
+</p>
+<p>
+Godfrey's successors, the Baldwins, defeated the Turks in many
+engagements. In the reign of Baldwin III., however, the Christians lost
+Edessa, a circumstance which affected Pope Eugenius III. to such a
+degree, that he prevailed on Conrad III., Emperor of Germany, to relieve
+his brethren in Syria. In the year 1146, therefore, Conrad marched
+through Greece, and soon afterwards encountered the Turkish army, which
+he routed; he then proceeded to Iconium, the principal seat of the Turks
+in Lesser Asia; but, for want of provisions and health, was compelled
+to relinquish his design of taking that city, and to return home. Much
+about the same period, Lewis VIII., of France, made an expedition to
+the Holy Land, but was wholly unsuccessful in his attempts against the
+enemy. Notwithstanding these failures, King Baldwin, relying on his
+own strength, gained possession of Askalon, and defeated the Turks in
+numerous actions. Previous to his death, which was caused by poison,
+in 1163, he was the victorious sovereign of Jerusalem and the greatest
+part of Syria.
+</p>
+<p>
+During the reign of Baldwin IV., Saladin, Sultan of Egypt, invaded
+Palestine, and took several towns, notwithstanding the valour of
+the Christians. In the succeeding reign of King Guy, however, the
+Christians, still unfortunate, received a <i>decisive blow</i>, which
+tended to the decline of their independence in the Holy Land; for, among
+other places of importance, Saladin made a capture of Jerusalem, and
+took its king prisoner. When the conqueror entered the holy city, he
+profaned every sacred place, save the Temple of the Sepulchre, (which
+the Christians redeemed with an immense sum of money,) and drove the
+Latin Christians from their abodes, who were only allowed to carry what
+they could hastily collect on their backs, either to Tripoly, Antioch,
+or Tyre, the only three places which then remained in the Christians'
+possession. All the monuments were demolished, except those of our
+Saviour, King Godfrey, and Baldwin I.<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> The city was yielded to the
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page164" name="page164"></a>[pg 164]</span>
+captors on the 2nd of October, 1187, after the Christians had possessed
+it about eighty-nine years.
+</p>
+<p>
+These calamitous transactions in Palestine greatly alarmed all Europe,
+and several princes speedily resolved to oppose the career of the
+oppressors, and to leave no means untried of regaining the kingdom of
+Jerusalem. In furtherance of this design, the Emperor Frederic marched
+into Palestine with a powerful army, and defeated the Turks near
+Melitena; he afterwards met them near Comogena, where he also routed
+them, but was unhappily killed in the action. Some time after this,
+King Philip, of France, and Richard I., of England, engaged in a crusade
+for the relief of the Christians. Philip arrived first, and proceeded
+to Ptolemais, which King Guy, having obtained his liberty, was then
+besieging. King Richard, in his passage, was driven with his fleet upon
+the coast of Cyprus, but was not permitted to land; this so highly
+offended him, that he landed his whole army by force, and soon over-ran
+the island. He was at length opposed by the king of Cyprus, whom he took
+prisoner, and carried in chains to Ptolemais, where he was welcomed with
+great rejoicings by the besiegers, who stood in much need of assistance.
+It would he superfluous to relate here the particulars of the siege; let
+it suffice to say, that after a general assault had been given, a breach
+was made, so that the assailants were enabled to enter the city, which
+Saladin surrendered to them upon articles, on the 12th of July, 1191.
+King Richard here obtained the title of <i>Coeur de Lion</i>, for having
+taken down Duke Leopold's standard, that was first fixed in the breach,
+and placed his own in its stead.
+</p>
+<p>
+After the taking of Ptolemais, King Philip and many other princes
+returned home, leaving King Richard in Palestine to prosecute the war in
+concert with Guy, whom Richard, in a short time afterwards, persuaded to
+accept of the crown of Cyprus, in lieu of his pretences to Jerusalem.
+By these crafty means, Richard caused himself to be proclaimed King of
+Jerusalem; but while he was preparing to besiege that city, he received
+news that the French were about to invade England. He was therefore
+compelled to conclude a peace with Saladin, not very advantageous to
+Christendom, and to return to Europe. But meeting with bad weather, he
+was driven on the coast of Histria; and, while endeavouring to travel
+through the country in the habit of a templar, was taken prisoner
+by Duke Leopold, of Austria, who became his enemy at the siege of
+Ptolemais. The duke sold him for forty thousand pounds to the emperor,
+Henry VI., who soon afterwards had a hundred thousand pounds for his
+ransom.
+</p>
+<p>
+About the same period, Sultan Saladin, the most formidable enemy the
+Christians ever encountered, died; an event which caused Pope Celestine
+to prevail on the emperor, Henry VI., of Germany, to make a new
+expedition against the Turks, who were in consequence defeated; but
+the emperor's general, the Duke of Saxony, being killed, and the
+emperor himself dying soon afterwards, the Germans returned home
+without accomplishing the object of their expedition. They had no sooner
+departed than the Turks, in revenge, nearly drove the Christians from
+the Holy Land, and took all the strong towns which the Crusaders had
+gained, excepting Tyre and Ptolemais. In 1199, a fleet was fitted out
+at the instigation of Pope Innocent III. against the infidels. On this
+occasion, the Christians, notwithstanding their strenuous exertions,
+failed of taking Jerusalem, though several other important places were
+delivered to them.
+</p>
+<p>
+In the year 1228, Frederic, Emperor of Germany, set out from Brundusium
+to Palestine, took Jerusalem, which the enemy had left in a desolate
+condition, and caused himself to be proclaimed king. But, after this
+conquest, he was obliged to return to his own country, where his
+presence was required. The Turks immediately assembled a prodigious army
+for regaining the Holy City, which they ultimately took, putting the
+German garrison to the sword, in the year 1234; since which time, the
+Christian powers, weary of these useless expeditions, have made no
+considerable effort to possess it.
+</p>
+<p>
+The Christians were entirely driven from Palestine and Syria in the year
+1291, about one hundred and ninety-two years after the capture of
+Jerusalem by Godfrey of Boulogne.
+</p>
+<h4>
+G.W.N.
+</h4>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+SHAKSPEARE.&mdash;A FRAGMENT.
+</h3>
+<center>
+(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)
+</center>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  The empty passions of the angry world,</p>
+           <p>  The loves of heroes, the despair of maids,</p>
+           <p>  The rage of kings, of beggars and of slaves,</p>
+           <p>  Shakspeare alone attun'd to song.&mdash;The rest essay'd.</p>
+           <p>  Laureate of bards! thyself unsung</p>
+           <p>  Would stamp us reckless.</p>
+</div></div>
+<h4>
+CYMBELINE.
+</h4>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page165" name="page165"></a>[pg 165]</span>
+</p>
+<h2>
+	RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.
+</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+REGAL TABLET.
+</h3>
+<center>
+(<i>Continued from page 111.</i>)
+</center>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<center>
+EDWARD II.<br /> began his reign 7th July, 1307, ended 25th Jan. 1327.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Clement V.,           1305.<br />
+John XXII.,           1316.<br />
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of the East.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Andronicus II.,       1283.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Albert I.,            1278.<br />
+Henry VII.,           1308.<br />
+Frederic III.,        1314.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France</i>.
+Philip IV.,           1285.<br />
+Louis X.,             1314.<br />
+Charles IV.           1322.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland</i>.
+Robert Bruce,         1306.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+EDWARD III.<br /> began his reign 25th Jan. 1327, ended 21st June, 1377.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+John XXII.,           1316.<br />
+Benedict XII.,        1334.<br />
+Clement VI.,          1342.<br />
+Innocent VI.,         1352.<br />
+Urban V.,             1362.<br />
+Gregory XI.,          1370.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Andronicus II.,       1283.<br />
+Andronicus III.,      1332.<br />
+John V.,              1341.<br />
+John VI.,             1355.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Frederic III.,        1314.<br />
+Louis IV.,            1330.<br />
+Edward Baliol,        1332.<br />
+David II. (again),    1342.<br />
+Charles IV.,          1347.<br />
+Robert II.,           1370.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Charles IV.,          1322.<br />
+Philip VI.,           1328.<br />
+John I.,              1355.<br />
+Charles V.,           1364.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Robert Bruce,         1306.<br />
+David II.,            1330.<br />
+Edward Baliol,        1332.<br />
+David II. (again),    1342.<br />
+Robert II.,           1370.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+RICHARD II.<br /> began his reign 21st June, 1377, ended 29th Sept. 1399.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Gregory XI.,          1370.<br />
+Urban VI.,            1378.<br />
+Boniface IX.,         1389.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+John VI.,             1355.<br />
+Emanuel II.,          1391.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Charles IV.,          1347.<br />
+Weneslaus,            1378.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Charles V.,           1364.<br />
+Charles VI.,          1380.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Robert II.,           1370.<br />
+Robert III.,          1390.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+(<i>House of Lancaster.</i>)
+</center>
+<br />
+<center>
+HENRY IV.<br /> began his reign 29th Sept. 1399, ended 20th March, 1413.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Boniface IX.,         1389.<br />
+Innocent VII.,        1404.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Weneslaus, 1378.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Popes</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Gregory XII.          1406.<br />
+Alexander V.          1409.<br />
+John XXIII.           1410.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of the East</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Emanuel II.,          1391.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Robert le Pet,        1400.<br />
+Sigismund,            1410.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Charles VI.,          1380.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Robert III.,          1390.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+HENRY V.<br /> began his reign 20th March, 1413, ended 31st August, 1422.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+John XXIII.           1410.<br />
+Martin V.,            1417.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of the East</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Emanuel II.,          1391.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of the West</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Sigismund,            1410.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Charles VI.,          1380.<br />
+Charles VII.          1422.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Robert III.,          1390.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+HENRY VI.<br /> began his reign 31st August, 1422, ended 4th March, 1461.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Martin V.,            1417.<br />
+Eugenius IV.          1431.<br />
+Nicholas V.,          1447.<br />
+Galixus III.          1455.<br />
+Pius II.,             1458.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Emanuel II.,          1391.<br />
+John VII.,            1426.<br />
+Constantine III.,
+last emperor        1448.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Sigismund,            1410.<br />
+Albert II.,           1438.<br />
+Frederic IV.,         1440.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Charles VII.          1422.<br />
+Louis XI.,            1440.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Robert III.,          1390.<br />
+James I.,             1424.<br />
+James II.,            1437.<br />
+James III.,           1440.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+(<i>House of York.</i>)
+</center>
+<br />
+<center>
+EDWARD IV.<br /> began his reign 4th March, 1461, ended 9th April, 1483.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Pius II.,             1458.<br />
+Paul II.,             1464.<br />
+Sixtus IV.,           1471.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of the West</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Frederic IV.,         1440.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Louis XI.,            1440.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+James III.,           1440.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+EDWARD V.<br /> began his reign 9th April, 1483, ended 22nd June, 1483.
+</center>
+<br />
+<center>
+Contemporaries as the last reign.
+</center>
+<hr />
+<center>
+RICHARD III.<br /> began his reign 22nd June, 1483, ended 22nd August, 1485.
+</center>
+<br />
+<center>
+Contemporaries again, as before.
+</center>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page166" name="page166"></a>[pg 166]</span>
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+(<i>Lancaster and York united.</i>)
+</center>
+<br />
+<center>
+HENRY VII.<br /> began his reign 22nd August, 1485, ended 22nd April, 1509.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Innocent VIII.,       1484.<br />
+Alexander VI.         1492.<br />
+Pius III.,            1593.<br />
+Julius II.,           1503.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of Germany.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Frederic IV.,         1440.<br />
+Maximilian I.         1493.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Charles VIII.         1485.<br />
+Louis XII.,           1498.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+James III.,           1460.<br />
+James IV.,            1489.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+HENRY VIII.<br /> began his reign 22nd April, 1509, ended 28th Jan. 1547.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Julius II.,           1503.<br />
+Leo X.,               1513.<br />
+Adrian VI.,           1521.<br />
+Clement VII.          1523.<br />
+Paul III.,            1534.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of Germany.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Maximilian I.         1493.<br />
+Charles V.,           1519.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Louis XII.,           1498.<br />
+Francis I.,           1515.<br />
+Henry II.,            1547.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+James IV.,            1489.<br />
+James V.,             1514.<br />
+Mary,                 1542.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+EDWARD VI.<br /> began his reign 28th Jan. 1547, ended 6th July, 1553.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Paul III.,            1534.<br />
+Julius III.,          1550.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of Germany.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Charles V.,           1519.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Henry II.,            1547.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Mary,                 1542.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+MARY<br /> began her reign 6th July, 1553, ended 17th Nov. 1558.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Julius III.,          1550.<br />
+Marcellus II.         1555.<br />
+Paul IV.,             1555.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of Germany.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Charles V.,           1519.<br />
+Ferdinand,            1556.
+</p>
+<center>
+And the other contemporary princes as in the last reign.
+</center>
+<hr />
+<center>
+ELIZABETH<br /> began her reign 17th Nov. 1558, ended 24th March, 1603.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Paul IV.,             1555.<br />
+Pius IV.,             1559.<br />
+Pius V.,              1565.<br />
+Gregory XIII.,        1572.<br />
+Sixtus V.,            1585.<br />
+Urban VII.,           1590.<br />
+Gregory XIV.,         1590.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of Germany.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Ferdinand I.,         1556.<br />
+Maximilian II.        1564.<br />
+Rodolphus II.         1576.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Henry II.,            1547.<br />
+Francis II.,          1559.<br />
+Charles IX.,          1560.<br />
+Henry III.,           1574.<br />
+Henry IV.,            1589.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Innocent IX.          1501.<br />
+Clement VIII.,        1592.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Mary,                 1542.<br />
+James VI.,            1567.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+<i>Union of the two crowns of England and Scotland.</i>
+</center>
+<br />
+<center>
+JAMES I.<br /> began his reign 24th March, 1603, ended 27th March, 1625.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Clement VIII.,        1592.<br />
+Leo IX.,              1605.<br />
+Paul III.,            1605.<br />
+Gregory XV.           1621.<br />
+Urban VIII.           1623.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of Germany.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Rodolphus II.         1576.<br />
+Matthias I.,          1612.<br />
+Ferdinand III.        1619.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Henry IV.,            1589.<br />
+Louis XIII.,          1610.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Spain &amp; Portugal.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Philip III.,          1507.<br />
+Philip IV.,           1620.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Denmark.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Christian IV.         1588.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Sweden.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Sigismund,            1592.<br />
+Charles IX.,          1606.<br />
+Gustavus II.          1611.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+CHARLES I.<br /> began his reign 27th March, 1625, beheaded 30th Jan. 1648.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Urban VIII.           1623.<br />
+Innocent X.,          1644.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of Germany.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Ferdinand II.         1619.<br />
+Ferdinand III.        1637.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Louis XIII.,          1610.<br />
+Louis XIV.,           1643.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Spain &amp; Portugal.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Philip IV.,           1620.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Portugal only.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+John IV.,             1640.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Denmark.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Christian IV.         1583.<br />
+Frederic III.         1648.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Sweden.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Gustavus II.          1611.<br />
+Christiana,           1633.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+The Inter-regnum and Usurpation under
+</center>
+<br />
+<center>
+OLIVER CROMWELL,<br /> from 30th Jan. 1648, to 29th May, 1660.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Innocent X.,          1644.<br />
+Alexander VII.,       1655.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of Germany.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Ferdinand III.,       1637.<br />
+Leopold I.,           1658.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Louis XIV.,           1643.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Spain.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Philip IV.,           1620.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Portugal.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+John IV.,             1640.<br />
+Alonzo VI.,           1656.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Denmark.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Frederic III.         1646.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Sweden.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Christiana,           1633.<br />
+Charles X.,           1653.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<p>
+<sup>*</sup><small>*</small><sup>*</sup> <i>The remainder of this very useful Tablet, which has been
+compiled by a Correspondent, expressly for our pages, will be found in
+the Supplement published with the present No.</i>
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page167" name="page167"></a>[pg 167]</span>
+</p>
+<h2>
+	THE ANECDOTE GALLERY.
+</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+ANECDOTES OF A DIANA MONKEY.
+</h3>
+<center>
+<i>By Mrs. Bowdich.</i>
+</center>
+<p>
+An old ship companion of mine was a native of the Gold Coast, and was of
+the Diana species. He had been purchased by the cook of the vessel in
+which I sailed from Africa, and was considered his exclusive property.
+Jack's place then was close to the cabooce; but as his education
+progressed, he was gradually allowed an increase of liberty, till at
+last he enjoyed the range of the whole ship, except the cabin. I had
+embarked with more than a mere womanly aversion to monkeys, it was
+absolute antipathy; and although I often laughed at Jack's freaks, still
+I kept out of his way, till a circumstance brought with it a closer
+acquaintance, and cured me of my dislike. Our latitude was three degrees
+south, and we only proceeded by occasional tornadoes, the intervals of
+which were filled up by dead calms and bright weather; when these
+occurred during the day, the helm was frequently lashed, and all the
+watch went below. On one of these occasions I was sitting alone on the
+deck, and reading intently, when, in an instant, something jumped upon
+my shoulders, twisted its tale round my neck, and screamed close to my
+ears. My immediate conviction that it was Jack scarcely relieved me: but
+there was no help; I dared not cry for assistance, because I was afraid
+of him, and dared not obey the next impulse, which was to thump him off,
+for the same reason, I therefore became civil from necessity, and from
+that moment Jack and I entered into an alliance. He gradually loosened
+his hold, looked at my face, examined my hands and rings with the most
+minute attention, and soon found the biscuit which lay by my side. When
+I liked him well enough to profit by his friendship, he became a
+constant source of amusement. Like all other nautical monkeys, he was
+fond of pulling off the men's caps as they slept, and throwing them into
+the sea; of knocking over the parrots' cages to drink the water as it
+trickled along the deck, regardless of the occasional gripe he received;
+of taking the dried herbs out of the tin mugs in which the men were
+making tea of them; of dexterously picking out the pieces of biscuit
+which were toasting between the bars of the grate; of stealing the
+carpenter's tools; in short, of teasing every thing and every body: but
+he was also a first-rate <i>equestrian</i>. Whenever the pigs were let
+out to take a run on deck, he took his station behind a cask, whence he
+leaped on the back of one of his steeds as it passed. Of course the
+speed was increased, and the nails he stuck in to keep himself on,
+produced a squeaking: but Jack was never thrown, and became so fond of
+the exercise, that he was obliged to be shut up whenever the pigs were
+at liberty. Confinement was the worst punishment he could receive, and
+whenever threatened with that, or any other, he would cling to me for
+protection. At night, when about to be sent to bed in an empty hencoop,
+he generally hid himself under my shawl, and at last never suffered any
+one but myself to put him to rest. He was particularly jealous of the
+other monkeys on board, who were all smaller than himself, and put two
+out of his way. The first feat of the kind was performed in my presence:
+he began by holding out his paw, and making a squeaking noise, which the
+other evidently considered as an invitation; the poor little thing
+crouched to him most humbly; but Jack seized him by the neck, hopped off
+to the side of the vessel, and threw him into the sea. We cast out a
+rope immediately, but the monkey was too frightened to cling to it, and
+we were going too fast to save him by any other means. Of course, Jack
+was flogged and scolded, at which he was very penitent; but the
+deceitful rogue, at the end of three days, sent another victim to the
+same destiny. But his spite against his own race was manifested at
+another time in a very original way. The men had been painting the
+ship's side with a streak of white, and upon being summoned to dinner,
+left their brushes and paint on deck. Unknown to Jack, I was seated
+behind the companion door, and saw the whole transaction; he called a
+little black monkey to him, who, like the others, immediately crouched
+to his superior, when he seized him by the nape of the neck with one
+paw, took the brush, dripping with paint, with the other, and covered
+him with white from head to foot. Both the man at the helm and myself
+burst into a laugh, upon which Jack dropped his victim, and scampered up
+the rigging. The unhappy little beast began licking himself, but I
+called the steward, who washed him so well with turpentine, that all
+injury was prevented; but during our bustle Jack was peeping with his
+black nose through the bars of the maintop, apparently enjoying the
+confusion. For three days he persisted in remaining aloft; no one could
+catch him, he darted with such rapidity from rope to rope; at length,
+impelled by hunger, he dropped unexpectedly from some height on my
+knees, as if for refuge, and as he had
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page168" name="page168"></a>[pg 168]</span>
+thus confided in me, I could not
+deliver him up to punishment.
+</p>
+<p>
+The only way in which I could control his tricks was by showing him to
+the panther on board, which excited his fears very strongly. I used to
+hold him up by his tail, and the instant he saw the panther he would
+become perfectly stiff, shut his eyes, and pretend to be dead. When I
+moved away, he would relax his limbs, and open one eye very cautiously;
+but if he caught a glimpse of the panther's cage, the eyes were quickly
+closed, and he resumed the rigidity of death. After four months' sojourn
+together, I quitted Jack off the Scilly Islands, and understood that I
+was very much regretted: he unceasingly watched for me in the morning,
+and searched for me in every direction, even venturing into the cabin;
+nor was he reconciled to my departure when my servants left the vessel
+at Gravesend.&mdash;<i>Mag. Natural History.</i>
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>
+	NOTES OF A READER.
+</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+COMPANION TO THE THEATRES.
+</h3>
+<p>
+It must be owned that such a <i>little book</i> as this has long been
+wanted; for of all writing, that relating to the stage is the most
+diffuse. It is scattered about in biography, criticism and anecdote, not
+unfrequently of great interest, but occupying so much "valuable" time,
+that to condense it, or to pick the wheat from the chaff, is no trifling
+task. So much for the amusement which our "Companion" may yield to the
+Londoner: his utility as a cicerone or guide will be more obvious to our
+country friends, who flock in thousands to see and hear comedy and
+tragedy at this play-going season. A young girl comes to town to see
+"the lions," and, with her "cousin," goes to the opera, where <i>one
+guinea</i> is paid for their admission, or even more if they be
+<i>installed</i>. Two Londoners would buy their tickets during the day,
+and thus pay but 17<i>s</i>. Another party are dying to hear Braham
+sing, or Paton warble her nightingale notes among the canvass groves and
+hollyhock gardens of Drury Lane and Covent Garden; or to sup on the
+frowning woes of tragedy, the intrigues of an interlude dished up as an
+<i>entremet</i>, or a melodrama for a ragout; or the wit and waggery of
+a farce, sweet and soft-flowing like a <i>petit-verre</i>, to finish the
+repast. They go, and between the acts try to count the wax and gas, the
+feet, and foot lights till they are purblind; they return home and dream
+of Desdemona, sing themselves to sleep with the notes of the last song,
+are haunted with the odd physiognomy of Liston, and repeat the
+farce-laugh till the dream is broken. Next day it is mighty pleasant to
+read how many hundred people the theatre will hold, how many pounds they
+all paid to get there; and how the splendid pile of Drury Lane rose on
+the area of a cockpit: and how Garrick played Macbeth in a court suit,
+and John Kemble enacted the sufferings of Hamlet in <i>powdered</i>
+hair. Upon all these subjects the Companion is conversant, although he
+does not set up for Sir Oracle, or shake his head like Burleigh. In
+short, he tells of "many things," from the cart of Thespis and the Roman
+theatres, with their 6,000 singers and dancers, to the companies on the
+present stages.
+</p>
+<p>
+Thus, we have the Origin of the Drama&mdash;Rise of the Drama in
+England&mdash;Early English Theatres&mdash;Descriptions of all the London
+Theatres&mdash;and a pleasant chapter on the Italian Opera. The Appendix
+contains pithy chronologies of the dramatists and actors, bygone and
+contemporary&mdash;origin of all the varieties of the drama&mdash;the topography
+of the stage and scenery, costume&mdash;expenses of the
+theatres&mdash;masquerades&mdash;play-bills and editions of plays, and a host of
+theatrical customs. In truth, the book is as full as the tail of a fine
+lobster, and will doubtless repay the time and research which its
+preparation must have occupied. There is also a, frontispiece of the
+fronts of the twelve London Theatres.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+ORNITHOLOGY.
+</h3>
+<p>
+Mr. James Jennings has favoured us with a copy of his <i>Ornithologia;
+or the Birds</i>, a poem; with copious <i>Notes;</i> &amp;c. The latter
+portion is to us the most interesting, especially as it contains an
+immense body of valuable research into the history and economy of birds,
+in a pleasant, piquant, anecdotical style, without any of the quaintness
+or crabbedness of scientific technicality. Mr. Jennings's volume is
+therefore well adapted for presentation to young persons; whilst the
+knowledge which it displays, entitles it to a much higher stand than a
+mere book of amusement. To illustrate what we have said in its praise,
+the reader will find in the <i>Supplement</i> to the present Number, two
+or three of the most attractive <i>Notes</i> under "THE NATURALIST,"
+which likewise contains <i>Three Engravings</i> of very curious subjects
+in other departments of Natural History.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+CONVERSATIONS ON GEOLOGY.
+</h3>
+<p>
+We have already spoken in favourable terms of this volume. It consists
+of 15 conversations of a family circle,
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page169" name="page169"></a>[pg 169]</span>
+comprising a familiar explanation
+of the Huttonian and Wernerian systems; the Mosaic geology, as explained
+by Penn; and the late discoveries of Buckland, Humboldt, Macculloch, and
+others. By way of specimen, we take a portion of a conversation which
+introduces the very interesting subject of the <i>formation of coal</i>:
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Edward</i>.&mdash;As the Huttonians evidently fail in proving coal to be
+produced by fusion, I hope the Wernerians may succeed better, for I
+should be sorry if so interesting a subject were left unexplained.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Mrs. R.</i>&mdash;To understand their account, it will be requisite for
+you to recollect the process of the formation of bogs and marshes, as it
+is from these that Werner derives coal. What I told you, also, of the
+change produced on wood by being long exposed to moisture and kept from
+contact with the air, will be of use here, as wood, in all stages of
+change, is often found in coal-fields, in the same way as in peat-bogs.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Edward</i>. That is a very strong circumstance in favour of the
+alleged origin.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Mrs. R</i>. There are some facts, indeed, connected with this, which
+prove this origin beyond question, as you will admit, when I tell you
+that specimens of wood are often found partly converted into coal and
+partly unchanged, or petrified by some other mineral.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Edward</i>. This will, at least, be direct proof that wood may be
+converted into coal.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Mrs. R</i>. One instance of this kind is mentioned by Brand, in his
+"History of Newcastle," as having been brought from Iceland, by Sir
+Joseph Banks. Dr. Rennie, in his "Essay on Peat Moss," gives a still
+stronger example. In the parish of Kilsyth, he tells us, there was
+found, in a solid bed of sandstone, the trunk of a tree in an erect
+position, the indentations of the bark and marks of the branches being
+in many parts of it still obvious. It rose from a bed of coal below the
+sandstone, and the roots which reached the coal, as well as the bark for
+an inch thick round the trunk, were completely converted into coal,
+while the centre consisted of sandstone. This specimen I have myself
+seen in the parsonage garden of Kilsyth, and this description is most
+accurate. Sir George Mackenzie lately found a specimen precisely
+similar, in the face of a sandstone rock in Lothian, and I have seen
+numerous specimens of bamboos and reeds in the sandstone quarries of
+Glasgow, with the bark converted into coal, and the centre filled with
+sandstone.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Edward</i>.&mdash;But would not this prove that sandstone, also, was
+derived from wood?
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Mrs. R.</i>&mdash;No: it would only prove that the centre had been
+destroyed and removed; for the sandstone is not chemically composed of
+vegetable substances, but the coal is.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Edward</i>&mdash;Still, I cannot conceive by what process the conversion
+is effected.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Mrs. R.</i> By a natural process, evidently; being a continuation of
+that which converts mosses and marshes into peat. Nay, it is supposed
+not to stop at the formation of coal, but, by a continuation of the
+causes, the coal becomes jet, and even amber. The eminent chemist,
+Fourcroy, in proof of this, mentions a specimen in which one end was
+wood, little changed, and the other pure jet; and Chaptal tells us, that
+at Montpellier there are dug up whole cart-loads of trees converted into
+jet, though the original forms are so perfectly preserved that he could
+often detect the species; and, among others, he mentions birch and
+walnut. What is even more remarkable, he found a wooden pail and a
+wooden shovel converted into pure jet.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Edward.</i> Then I suppose, from all these details, that coal might
+be formed artificially, by imitating the natural process.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Mrs. R.</i> Mr. Hatchett made many ingenious and successful
+experiments with this design, and Dr. Macculloch has more recently
+succeeded in actually making coal. One of the strongest instances of the
+process, is the existence of a great quantity of wood only half
+converted into coal, at Bovey, near Exeter; this has been much discussed
+by the geologists; but there is a bed of coal found at Locle, on the
+continent, which is said to have been formed almost within the memory of
+man, though I have not yet seen any good account of it.
+</p>
+<p>
+Altogether, we have been much gratified with these Conversations. As a
+hint, <i>en passant</i>, we remind the editor of such an oversight as
+that at p. 350-1, "Order in which the <i>strata lies</i> in the Paris
+basin."
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+THE IDLER.
+</h3>
+<p>
+There were many newspapers in the room, but there was nothing in them.
+There was a clock, but it did not seem to go; at least, so he thought,
+but after looking at it for a very long time he found it did go, but it
+went very slowly. Then he looked at his watch, and that went as slow as
+the clock. Then he took up the newspapers again one after the other very
+deliberately. He read the sporting intelligence and the fashionable
+news. But he did not read very attentively, as he afterwards discovered.
+Then he looked at the clock
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page170" name="page170"></a>[pg 170]</span>
+again, and was almost angry at the
+imperturbable monotony of its face. Then he took out his pocket-book to
+amuse himself by reading his memorandums, but they were very few, and
+very unintelligible. Then he rose up from his seat, and went to the
+window; and looked at the people in the street; he thought they looked
+very stupid, and wondered what they could all find to do with
+themselves. He looked at the carriages, and saw none with coronets,
+except now and then a hackney-coach. Then he began to pick his teeth,
+and that reminded him of eating; and then he rang the bell, which
+presently brought a waiter; and he took that opportunity of drawling out
+the word "waiter" in such lengthened tone, as if resolved to make one
+word last as long as possible.&mdash;<i>Rank and Talent</i>.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+THE BATTLE OF GIBEON.
+</h3>
+<center>
+VERSES ILLUSTRATIVE OF MARTIN S JOSHUA.
+</center>
+<p>
+"For every battle of the warrior is with confused noise and garments
+rolled in blood but this with burning and fuel of fire."&mdash;ISAIAH ix. 5.
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  From Gilgal's camp went forth, at dead of night,</p>
+<p class="i2">    The host of Israel: with the rising sun</p>
+           <p>  They stood arrayed against the Amorite,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Beneath the regal heights of Gibeon,</p>
+           <p>  Glorious in morning's splendour! Lebanon,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Dim in the distance, reared its lofty head;</p>
+           <p>  Light clouds o'erbung the vale of Ajalon,</p>
+<p class="i2">    And the Five Armies, by their monarchs led,</p>
+           <p>  Not to mere mortal fight, but conflict far more dread.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  How beautiful, at matin's early prime,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Valley, and mountain, and that city fair!</p>
+           <p>  Magnificent, yet fearfully sublime,</p>
+<p class="i2">    In few brief hours the scene depicted there!</p>
+           <p>  Below the battle raged, and high in air</p>
+<p class="i2">    The gathering clouds, with tempest in their womb,</p>
+           <p>  A supernatural darkness seem'd to wear;</p>
+<p class="i2">    As heralding, by their portentous gloom,</p>
+           <p>  Victory to Israel's host, her foes' impending doom!</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Upon a jutting crag, below the height</p>
+<p class="i2">    Where stands the royal city in its pride,</p>
+           <p>  The ark is rested! in the people's sight</p>
+<p class="i2">    The priests and Joshua standing by its side;</p>
+           <p>  Awhile the chief the sea of battle eyed,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Which heaved beneath:&mdash;in accents undismayed,</p>
+           <p>  "Sun, stand thou still on Gibeon!" he cried,</p>
+<p class="i2">    "And thou, O Moon, o'er Ajalon be stayed!"</p>
+           <p>  And holiest records tell the mandate was obeyed.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Look on the horrid conflict; mark the stream</p>
+<p class="i2">    Of lurid and unnatural light that falls,</p>
+           <p>  Like some wild meteors bright terrific gleam,</p>
+<p class="i2">    On Gibeon's steep and battlemented walls;</p>
+           <p>  Her royal palace, and her pillared halls,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Seeming more gorgeous in its vivid blaze!</p>
+           <p>  While o'er proud Lebanon the storm appals,</p>
+<p class="i2">    In jagged lines the arrowy lightning plays,</p>
+           <p>  Soften'd to Israel's sight by intervening haze.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  But o'er the Amoritish camp the cloud</p>
+<p class="i2">    Bursts in its fury! on the race abhorred</p>
+           <p>  The parting heavens, as from a pitchy shroud.</p>
+<p class="i2">    Their desolating hail-storm's wrath out-poured,</p>
+           <p>  More vengeful in its ire than Israel's sword!</p>
+<p class="i2">    Thus was deliverance unto Gibeon shown;</p>
+           <p>  And by the fearful battle of the Lord,</p>
+<p class="i2">    The army of the Amorites o'erthrown,</p>
+           <p>  And the almighty power of Israel's God made known.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Made known by marvels awfully sublime!</p>
+<p class="i2">    Yet far more glorious in the Christian's sight</p>
+           <p>  Than these stern terrors of the olden time,</p>
+<p class="i2">    The gentler splendours of that peaceful night,</p>
+           <p>  When opening clouds display'd, in vision bright,</p>
+<p class="i2">    The heavenly host to Bethlehem's shepherd train,</p>
+           <p>  Shedding around them more than cloudless light!</p>
+<p class="i2">    "Glory to God on high!" their opening strain,</p>
+           <p>  Its chorus, "Peace on earth!" its theme Messiah's reign!</p>
+</div></div>
+<h4>
+<i>Bernard Barton's New Year's Eve, &amp;c.</i>
+</h4>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+MAKING ACQUAINTANCE.
+</h3>
+<p>
+What could be more natural than for Mr. Jackson to say to Dr. Smith, "I
+am going to call on Markham?" And what could be more natural than for
+Dr. Smith to say, "I will go with you, and you may introduce me?" So
+then Markham's friend, Jackson, leaves his card, and Jackson's friend,
+Dr. Smith, leaves his card too.&mdash;<i>Rank and Talent.</i>
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+GENTLEMEN'S FASHIONS.
+</h3>
+<p>
+We read much of the luxurious effeminacy of the old Romans, their
+fantastically curled hair, their favourite robes, &amp;c.; but what will
+posterity think of some of the modes of puppyism in our times, when they
+read in a chronicle of fashion, dated 1829, that gentlemen wore elegant
+drab cloth opera manteaux lined with scarlet velvet, and confined at the
+collar with a gold chain! In another dress, the waistcoat is directed to
+be made of "a very beautiful white embroidered velvet;" "some young
+<i>men</i> have appeared at balls with blue dress gloves embroidered
+with white;" "the <i>system</i> of the cravat is to form the
+<i>organization</i> of linen on the breast," the very "march" of
+foppery; "cloaks of the gentlemen lined with plush silk of celestial
+blue;" "at balls our young exquisites sport pocket-handkerchiefs of fine
+lawn, with a hem as broad as their thumbs; the corners <i>only</i> are
+embroidered:" "shoes tied with a small <i>rosette</i>;" "a young
+gentleman now suffers his hair to grow, has it curled, and parted on the
+left side of the forehead," &amp;c. &amp;c.&mdash;This out-herods Herod.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+PICTURE OF LONDON.
+</h3>
+<p>
+A new edition of this very useful and attractive volume has just
+appeared, re-edited by Mr. Britton, who, by his extensive architectural
+knowledge, as well as by his popular style of imparting that knowledge,
+is calculated to produce a better "Picture of London" than any other
+writer within our acquaintance. The introduction is, of course, the most
+novel part of this edition, and as it enables Mr. Britton to embody much
+authentic information on the public works now in progress, we have
+abridged a few of these
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page171" name="page171"></a>[pg 171]</span>
+details, which will be found in a Supplement
+published with the present Number. The <i>Picture of London</i> was, we
+believe, first printed in 1806; and the extensive patronage which it has
+enjoyed during twenty-two years has been well deserved by its
+progressive completeness.
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>
+	THE SELECTOR;
+<br />
+AND
+<br />
+LITERARY NOTICES OF
+<br />
+<i>NEW WORKS.</i>
+</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+RANK AND TALENT.
+</h3>
+<center>
+<i>By the Author of Penelope, or Love's Labour Lost.</i>
+</center>
+<p>
+In our last volume we devoted nearly six of our columns to an outline of
+the predecessor of the present work, or the novel of <i>Penelope</i>. We
+there stated our opinion of the author's talents in a peculiar style of
+novel-writing&mdash;a sort of mixture of satire and fashion, without the
+starchness of the one, or the silly affectation of the other&mdash;abounding
+in well-drawn pictures of real life, free from caricature, and teeming
+with home-truths, in themselves of such plainness and ready application,
+as to make precept and example follow on with near approaches to
+probability and truth.
+</p>
+<p>
+The author's <i>forte</i> unquestionably lies in this species of
+writing, and his "<i>Rank and Talent</i>" will, we think, bear us out in
+this opinion. The story or canvass of the novel is simple, and well
+prepared for his sketches and finished portraits of character. They
+belong to fashionable and middle life, and the conceits and
+eccentricities, as well as the straightforward integrity of their
+stations are illustrated with peculiar force. Sound moral and knowledge
+of the world are occasionally introduced with great tact, for the author
+is no stranger to the inmost workings and recesses of the human heart;
+and he adapts these lessons, and dovetails them with the narrative, in a
+clever and agreeable style.
+</p>
+<p>
+The outline of the story may be briefly told. The Hon. Philip Martindale
+has an action brought against him, at the assizes, for the false
+imprisonment of one Richard Smith, as a poacher; although the object of
+the defendant was a beautiful girl residing with the defendant. Clara
+Rivolta is rudely cross-examined as a witness; whilst the plaintiff's
+case is conducted by Horatio Markham, an intelligent young barrister,
+whose parents reside in the town where the action is tried. The cousin
+of the defendant, Mr. John Martindale, an eccentric old gentleman who
+builds an abbey for his titled relative to occupy, whilst he himself
+lives in a cottage on the estate; seeks an acquaintance with Markham.
+These parties reside at Brigland, and Philip Martindale, a dissipated
+lover of the turf, who is dependent on his capricious cousin for his
+supplies; and Horatio Markham, the hero, are thus introduced. Then we
+have a country curate of the higher order, together with his loquacious
+<i>half</i>; which are excellent portraits.
+</p>
+<p>
+John Martindale is one of those eccentric beings&mdash;half-aristocrat, and
+half-liberal, which are more rare in society than they were fifty years
+since; and upon this curious compound turns the narrative. Clara Rivolta
+and her mother, Signora Rivolta, the wife of Colonel R. quit their
+native Italy, and visit Brigland, where old Martindale, on the
+discovery, acknowledges the Signora as the fruit of an early imprudence
+on the continent, and finally leaves them a large fortune. Clara is
+married to Markham, and Philip Martindale, afterwards Earl of
+Trimmerstone, marries a gay, giddy girl, who elopes with a perfumed
+puppy of the first fragrance.
+</p>
+<p>
+The round of the earl's dissipation is but a sorry picture of the
+prostitution of rank; but the connexion leads us into a succession of
+scenes of fashionable life, which are vividly drawn, as are two or three
+of their adjuncts,&mdash;a popular west-end preacher, an anti-nervous
+physician, the dandy already mentioned, a noble gambler, and a rich city
+knight and his aspiring family&mdash;all of which are to the life.
+</p>
+<p>
+Our extracts must be detached from the narrative; but they may serve to
+illustrate the felicitous vein in which the characters are drawn.
+</p>
+<p>
+The means by which Signora Rivolta is discovered by Martindale, is well
+managed. One morning after the old gentleman had been amusing his
+visiters with some Italian views, Mr. Denver, the curate, introduced to
+Mr. Martindale with great parade Colonel Rivolta, whom he described as
+having recently made his escape from the continent, where he was exposed
+to persecution, if not to death, on account of his political opinions.
+The reverend gentleman then proceeded to state, that the colonel had
+previously to his own arrival in England sent over his wife and
+daughter, whom he had committed to the care of Richard Smith; that with
+them he had also transmitted some property, which old Richard had
+invested for their use and benefit; that unfortunately the very first
+night of the colonel's arrival at
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page172" name="page172"></a>[pg 172]</span>
+Brigland, the cottage in which Richard
+Smith dwelt had been robbed by a gipsy; that in consequence of that
+event the poor old man had been so seriously alarmed, that he had been
+totally unable to attend to any thing, and that he had died, leaving
+this poor foreigner in a strange land not knowing how to proceed as to
+the recovery of his little property. After an interview, in which
+Martindale promises the colonel his assistance, the latter was rising to
+take leave, when his eye was arrested by a print which Mr. Martindale
+held in his hand, and which he had unrolled while he was talking. As
+soon as the colonel saw the picture, he recognised the scene which it
+represented, and uttered an ejaculation, indicative of surprise and
+pleasure. Mr. Martindale then, for the first time, observed the print,
+and noticed its subject; he also looked upon it with surprise, but not
+with pleasure; and then he asked the stranger if that scene were
+familiar to him, with very great emotion the colonel replied:&mdash;"That
+scene brings to my recollection the happiest day of my life."
+</p>
+<p>
+For a few seconds the party were totally silent; for the clergyman and
+the foreigner were struck dumb with astonishment at the altered looks of
+the old gentleman, and were surprised to see him crushing the picture
+in both hands. He then, as if with an effort of great resolution,
+exclaimed:&mdash;"And it brings to my recollection the most miserable day
+of my life."
+</p>
+<hr />
+<p>
+The agitation of the old gentleman abated, and he replied: "I thank you
+for your kindness, sir, but my sorrow arises from self-reproach. I have
+inflicted injuries which can never be redressed." He hesitated, as if
+wishing, but dreading to say more. Then changing the tone of his voice,
+as if he were about to speak on some totally different subject, he
+continued addressing himself to Colonel Rivolta:&mdash;"I presume, sir, you
+are a native of Genoa, or you are very familiar with that city." "I was
+born," replied the foreigner, "at Naples; but very early in life I was
+removed to Genoa, that I might be engaged in merchandize; for my
+patrimony was very small, and my relations would have despised me, had I
+endeavoured by any occupation to gain a livelihood in my native city."
+"Then you were not originally destined for the army?" "I was not; but
+after I had been some few years in Genoa, I began to grow weary of the
+pursuits of merchandize, and indeed to feel some of that pride of which
+I had accused my relations, and I thought that I should be satisfied
+with very little if I might be free from the occupation of the merchant;
+and while I was so thinking, I met by chance an old acquaintance who
+persuaded me to undertake the profession of arms, to which I was indeed
+not reluctant. And so I left my merchandise, and did not see Genoa again
+for nearly two years. It was then that I was so much interested in that
+scene which the picture portrays; for in a very small house which is in
+the same street, directly opposite to that palace, there lived an old
+woman, whose name was &mdash;&mdash;"
+</p>
+<p>
+The attention of the old gentleman had been powerfully arrested by the
+commencement of the Italian's narrative; and he listened very calmly
+till the narrator arrived at the point when he was about to mention the
+name of the old woman who lived opposite to the palace in question: then
+was Mr. Martindale again excited, and without waiting for the conclusion
+of the sentence, interrupted it by exclaiming: "Ah! what! do you know
+that old woman? Is she living? Where is she?&mdash;Stop&mdash;no&mdash;let me
+see&mdash;impossible!&mdash;Why I must be nearly seventy&mdash;yes&mdash;are you sure? Is
+not her name Bianchi?"
+</p>
+<p>
+To this hurried and confused mass of interrogation, the colonel replied
+that her name was Bianchi; but that she had died nearly twenty years
+ago, at a very advanced age, being at the time of her death nearly
+ninety years of age. Hearing this, the old gentleman assumed a great
+calmness and composure of manner, though he trembled as if in an ague;
+and turning to the astonished clergyman, who was pleasing himself with
+the anticipation of some catastrophe or anecdote which might form a fine
+subject for town-talk, he very deliberately said:&mdash;"Mr. Denver, I beg I
+may not intrude any longer on your valuable time. This gentleman, I
+find, can give me some account of an old acquaintance of mine. The
+inquiries may not be interesting to you. Make my best compliments to
+Mrs. Denver."
+</p>
+<p>
+When this good man was withdrawn, Mr. Martindale requested the stranger
+to be seated; and unmindful of the guests whom he had left to amuse
+themselves and each other, he commenced very deliberately to examine the
+foreigner concerning those matters which had so strongly excited his
+feelings.
+</p>
+<p>
+"You tell me," said Mr. Martindale, "that the old woman, Bianchi, has
+been dead nearly twenty years. Now, my good friend, can you inform me
+how long you were acquainted with this old woman before her death."
+"I knew her," replied the colonel, "only for about four years
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page173" name="page173"></a>[pg 173]</span>
+before
+she died." "And had you much intimacy with her, so as to hear her
+talk about former days." "Very often indeed," replied the foreigner,
+"did she talk about the past; for as her age was very great, and her
+memory was very good, it was great interest to hear her tell of ancient
+things; and she was a woman of most excellent understanding, and very
+benevolent in her disposition. Indeed, I can say that I loved the old
+woman much, very much indeed. I was sorry at her death." "But tell me,"
+said Mr. Martindale, impatiently, "did you ever hear her say any thing
+of an infant&mdash;an orphan that was committed to her care nearly forty
+years ago?" At this question, the eyes of the stranger brightened, and
+his face was overspread with a smile of delight, when he replied: "Oh
+yes, much indeed, much indeed! that orphan is my wife,"
+</p>
+<p>
+This rapidity of explanation was almost too much for the old gentleman's
+feelings. His limbs had been trembling with the agitation arising from
+thus reverting to days and events long passed; and he had entertained
+some hope from the language of the foreigner, that he might gain some
+intelligence concerning one that had been forgotten, but whose image was
+again revived in his memory. He had thought but lightly in the days of
+his youth of that which he then called folly, but more seriously in the
+days of his age of that same conduct which then he called vice. It would
+have been happiness to his soul, could an opportunity have been afforded
+him of making something like amends to the representatives of the
+injured, even though the injured had been long asleep in the grave. When
+all at once, therefore, the intelligence burst upon him, that one was
+living in whom he possessed an interest, and over whose destiny he
+should have watched, but whom he had neglected and forgotten, he felt
+his soul melt within him; and well it was for him that he found relief
+in tears. Surprised beyond measure was Colonel Rivolta, when he observed
+the effect produced on Mr. Martindale, and heard the old gentleman say
+with trembling voice:&mdash;"And that orphan, sir, is my daughter." He paused
+for a minute or two, and his companion was too much astonished and
+interested to interrupt him: recovering himself, he continued: "For many
+years after that child was born, I had not the means of making any other
+provision for it than placing it under the care of the old woman of whom
+we have been speaking. I gave her such compensation as my circumstances
+then allowed; and as the mother died soon after the birth of the infant,
+I thought myself freed from all farther responsibility when I had made
+provision for the infant. I endeavoured, indeed, to forget the event
+altogether; and as I wished to form a respectable connexion in marriage,
+I took especial care to conceal this transgression. However, various
+circumstances prevented me from time to time from entering into the
+married state; and having within the last twelve years come into the
+possession of larger property than I had ever anticipated, it occurred
+to me that there should be living at Genoa a child of mine, then indeed
+long past childhood. I wrote to Genoa, and had no answer; I went to
+Genoa, and could find no trace either of my child or of the old woman to
+whose care I had entrusted her; and I was grieved not so much for the
+loss of my child, as for the lack of an opportunity of making some
+amends for my crime. I am delighted to hear that she lives. To-morrow I
+will see her."
+</p>
+<p>
+Upon this interesting disclosure hinge the principal incidents. In the
+course of these are some admirable pleasantries; especially a
+horse-race, and the description of Trimmerstone, in vol. i.; and the
+clerical prig, and a slight sketch of the dangle Tippetson, in vol. ii.
+</p>
+<p>
+The Earl of Trimmerstone's portrait, after old Martindale's death is
+well drawn:
+</p>
+<p>
+The Earl of Trimmerstone was depressed in spirits; it is indeed very
+natural that he should be. The life which he had led, the companions
+with whom he had associated, the disappointments which he had
+experienced, his foolish marriage, the disgraceful conduct of his silly
+countess, the taunts and reproaches of his opulent relative, the
+weariness and disgust that he felt in having nothing to do, and the
+annoyance of an empty title, which merely mocked him with the epithet of
+right honourable, all these things combined to render him almost
+disgusted with, and weary of life. His solitude was soon invaded by a
+visit from the Rev. Marmaduke Sprout, rector of Trimmerstone, who was
+rather fanatical in his theology, and finical in attire and address. He
+could presently render himself agreeable to any person of exalted rank
+by his very courteous and conciliating demeanour; and he possessed a
+peculiar softness and gentleness of manner, with which indeed the Earl
+of Trimmerstone would, in his past days of cock-fighting, horse-racing,
+and boxing, have been thoroughly disgusted. But his lordship was quite
+an altered man. Formerly, the lowest pursuits under the name of sport or
+fancy had been agreeable to his lordship; and
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page174" name="page174"></a>[pg 174]</span>
+every species of religious sentiment he had regarded with the
+profoundest contempt and the most unmingled abhorrence. But now he was
+sick, and weary of all these things! and because one extreme was purely
+offensive and wearisome, he took it for granted that the opposite must
+be truly delightful and highly consistent, and so under the tuition of
+Mr. Sprout, he changed and reversed all his habits, good, bad, and
+indifferent. From staking thousands at a horse-race, he turned up his
+eyes at the grievous abomination of half-crown whist; and, indeed, had
+he been disposed to card-playing, he could not have indulged himself at
+Trimmerstone, for Mr. Sprout had banished almost all card-playing from
+the place, so that there was not a pack of cards in the parish, except
+two or three mutilated well-thumbed packs of quadrille-cards, which were
+still used by a knot of antiquated spinsters worthy of the good old days
+of Sacheverel and High Church. Quadrille-cards will not do for whist,
+for all the eights, nines, and tens are thrown out. Formerly, Lord
+Trimmerstone used to be proud of giving some of his acquaintance a
+sumptuous dinner; but now he had changed all that, and he only kept one
+female cook, who could just manage to make a comfortable and snug little
+dish or two for his lordship's own self, occasionally assisted by the
+Rev. Mr. Sprout. Formerly, his lordship had been disposed to be lively,
+and oftentimes facetious; but now he was prodigiously grave, and almost
+sulky. Formerly, his lordship never went to church; now he went twice
+every Sunday, and said Amen as loud as the clerk, and with much more
+solemnity, for the clerk did not turn up his eyes for fear of losing the
+place. Formerly, his lordship had been very candid; now he had become
+exceedingly censorious, and he seemed to measure his religion by the
+severity with which he reproved transgressors. His lordship several
+times attempted to make all the inhabitants of Trimmerstone go to church
+twice every Sunday, except his own cook. But in this his lordship could
+not succeed, and indeed it was well for him that he could not; for if
+he had, the church would have been so crowded that he could not have
+enjoyed a great, large, lined, stuffed, padded, carpeted pew for
+himself.
+</p>
+<p>
+In another portion of the MIRROR we have quoted half a dozen of the
+author's amenities just to show the reader that in depicting the follies
+of fashionable life, there is less fiddle-faddle&mdash;less <i>rank</i> than
+<i>talent</i>&mdash;and more sense than in many other chronicles of the ton.
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>
+	SPIRIT OF THE
+<br />
+Public Journals.
+</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+MAXIMS OF JOHN BULLISM.
+</h3>
+<p>
+When you travel in a stage-coach, make all the passengers, both inside
+and outside, fully acquainted with your name, business, and objects in
+travelling, before five minutes have elapsed. Among the rest, be sure
+you give them to think you are a man of property, and the personal
+friend of at least half-a-dozen nobles or members of parliament. If in
+trade, inform them you have something very handsome in the three per
+cents., and live on terms of perfect familiarity with the great Jew.
+</p>
+<p>
+Honesty is the best and most profitable policy in the long run, but
+there are a thousand exceptions to this rule in private practice.
+</p>
+<p>
+Do no charity by stealth; it is never repaid in this world to any
+advantage; do it openly, and there are chances of its returning cent per
+cent.
+</p>
+<p>
+You may keep a running horse, or two, though you are a magistrate sworn
+to put down gambling: you need not bet upon the race-course yourself.
+You may subscribe to Fishmongers' Hall, and go there without throwing
+the dice. You may share the profits of a <i>roulette</i> table, without
+venturing your luck. It is strange that vulgar understandings cannot
+discriminate in these matters!
+</p>
+<p>
+When you have made up your mind finally to do any thing, ask the advice
+of your friend about it. The act of consultation will please him, and
+you will be none the worse.
+</p>
+<p>
+Human happiness is more or less complete in a ratio with successful
+pecuniary accumulation.
+</p>
+<p>
+If you enter a drawing-room before dinner a little time too early, and
+find yourself <i>vis-à-vis</i> with an unlucky visiter as forlorn as
+yourself, do not utter a word. The chances are, nine out of ten, he will
+not speak first, that is, if he be a true Briton. Stare at him as hard
+as you can.
+</p>
+<p>
+If you meet a lady in society, old or young, married or single, who
+equals you in argument, or rises superior to the thousand and one
+automatons disgorged monthly from fashionable boarding-schools, report
+her a <i>bas bleu</i> to your male acquaintances, and warn her own sex
+to shun her.
+</p>
+<p>
+When you meet an inferior in a public street, it is your duty to cut
+him, if any one who knows you is in sight. If you cannot escape a
+recognition, do it with as little parade as possible&mdash;a movement of the
+lips is sufficient&mdash;and walk on at a
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page175" name="page175"></a>[pg 175]</span>
+quick rate. Who knows but the Lord
+Mayor, or Mr. Alderman Blowbladder, may observe you?
+</p>
+<p>
+A grain of impudence will fetch more in the market than twelve bushels
+of modesty.
+</p>
+<p>
+In the scale of dignities two Cheapside chaises make one Stanhope; two
+Stanhopes a cab; two cabs a landaulet and pair; and so on up to the
+state-coach; and as their numerical relation, so is the degree of
+respect they may justly exact.
+</p>
+<p>
+If you visit foreign parts, and meet a countryman who may be useful to
+you, do not hesitate to avail yourself of his services; but be sure
+never to acknowledge him should you meet in your native land, unless he
+receive some other introduction to you, and you have it on creditable
+evidence that he is a man of good property.
+</p>
+<p>
+Never allow reason weight in any thing you have resolved to be right
+that is opposed to it. Reason may be useful in mathematics, to men of
+genius, and to scholars; but it has little to do with every-day
+existence, with the Three per Cents, the national revenue, the Stock
+Exchange, or the India House.
+</p>
+<p>
+Never get acquainted with your next-door neighbour, unless you find he
+is in good pecuniary circumstances. If you meet on the highway, or touch
+elbows at your respective fore-doors, look at each other like two
+strange tom-cats, and pursue your way.
+</p>
+<p>
+Commiserate the fate of a Thurtell, a Probert, or a Corder, sent
+(ripened for heaven in a forty-eight hours' probation by a Newgate
+chaplain) out of the world their hellish acts have so sullied; but
+sympathise not with a Riego or a Canaris. Heroic vice was always
+spiriting; heroic virtue is phlegmatic. John Bull's constitution is only
+acted upon by strong excitement.
+</p>
+<p>
+When you dine with the Lord Mayor, or any of the Aldermen of Brobdignag,
+and they attempt to exhibit their skill at repartee, be sure decide the
+wealthiest to be the wittiest. It will insure you a good dinner another
+time, perhaps something more.
+</p>
+<p>
+In choosing a wife, prefer even Bristol ugliness to beauty, especially
+if there be a fortune. Beauty will change, intellect may be too much for
+you, but ugliness will be true to you as to itself; besides its
+advantage of preserving you from the effects of conjugal frailty.
+</p>
+<p>
+A judge's wig is a Delphic mystery, whether brains be in it or not. It
+is a of sublunary wisdom&mdash;an umbrella over an oracle.
+</p>
+<p>
+When you dine at a public dinner, always take your seat opposite a
+favourite dish. Carve it yourself, and select the choicest bits, then
+leave it to your right-hand neighbour to help the rest of the company.
+</p>
+<p>
+Always stick your napkin in your button-hole at the dinner table, if you
+admit such French superfluities at all. Eat with the sharp edge of your
+knife towards your mouth; forks won't take up gravy. Never wipe your
+lips when you take wine with a lady, and fill both her glass and your
+own until daylight is not visible through the crystal.
+</p>
+<p>
+When Mrs. Bull is obstreperous, go to the coffee-house and call for your
+glass. It is an excellent cure for her complaint, and you will get the
+latest news retailed in the most engaging manner, with the pleasure of
+knowing she is biting her lips at home in vexation.
+</p>
+<p>
+Never hold any intercourse with people of whom the world speaks ill.
+'Tis true they may be, and generally are, among the very best of
+mankind, but as they are not reputed to be so, what is that to you?
+</p>
+<p>
+Some persons cant about the wickedness of the times: believe them not;
+this is the most saintly of ages, the most pure of generations,
+considering its temptations.
+</p>
+<p>
+Vice at the east and west end of town, is different only in form; in
+substance it comes to the same thing, and in quality is equal to a
+grain.
+</p>
+<p>
+Never leave a dispute to be settled by arbitration; if you are rich,
+always appeal to law, especially if your opponent be poor. The lawyers
+will manage for you long before the case gets up to the Lords, and
+perhaps secure your rival <i>in banco regis</i> for expenses. In an
+arbitration, the case may be decided against you in a twinkling. It is a
+capital thing that justice and a long purse are sworn brothers; besides,
+moneyed men should have some advantage in society.
+</p>
+<p>
+So little is the value of an oath understood by any but the Bull family,
+that none but the postboys and the vulgar use oaths in foreign nations,
+America excepted; but that country being a chip of the old block,
+already rivals honest John; outdo him she must not.
+</p>
+<p>
+Lard your butter, wet your tobacco, pipe-clay your flour, sand your
+sugar, sloe-leaf your tea, coal-ash your pepper, deteriorate your drugs,
+water your liquors, alloy your gold and silver, plunder your lodgers,
+and, while none know it, who is the worse! Then to church, and thank God
+you are not as other men.
+</p>
+<p>
+Live and talk as if you were to live for ever. If you have accumulated
+tens
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page176" name="page176"></a>[pg 176]</span>
+of thousands, try and make them hundreds of thousands. Why should
+you retire and make way for the industry of others, while you are able
+to treasure up more.
+</p>
+<p>
+Give credit, take credit, live upon credit; if you are wealthy, your own
+money will be gathering interest at the same time. If you are poor, you
+have no other means to live by.
+</p>
+<p>
+In matters of business, let there be no favour. If you are dealing with
+your own father, give nothing to him. Screw the uttermost farthing, and,
+if need, sell him.
+</p>
+<p>
+Give only to receive.
+</p>
+<p>
+Men of genius are fools; the truly great men know how to make money, and
+money is power&mdash;the power of making more money. Your men of genius are
+at best but harlequins with empty pockets.&mdash;<i>New Monthly Magazine.</i>
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>
+	THE GATHERER.
+</h2>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.</p>
+<p class="i2" style="text-align: right;">      SHAKSPEARE.</p>
+</div></div>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+THE OPERA.
+</h3>
+<p>
+Swift, in his Journal to Stella, speaking of the Opera says, "In half an
+hour I was tired of their <i>fine stuff</i>."
+</p>
+<hr />
+<p>
+FAUSTINA and CUZZONI, two celebrated opera singers, were such bitter
+rivals, that neither of them would sing in the same room with the other.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+CATS.
+</h3>
+<p>
+Four learned cats are now exhibiting in Regent-street; but as we have
+not yet left our card with their feline excellencies, we cannot wink at
+their perfections.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+SHERWOOD AND ROBIN HOOD.
+</h3>
+<p>
+The officers of Sherwood Forest, famous for having been the
+head-quarters of Robin Hood in the 16th century, were a warden, his
+lieutenant and steward, a bow-bearer, and a ranger, four verderers,
+twelve regarders, four agisters, and twelve keepers or foresters, all
+under a chief forester; besides these there were several woodwards for
+every township within the forest, and one for every principal wood.
+</p>
+<h4>
+HALBERT H.
+</h4>
+<hr />
+<p>
+The late Duke of Norfolk passing down Piccadilly with Sheridan, as a
+gigantic wooden Highlander was just then fixing at the door of a
+tobacconist, asked, what was the reason of this usual location. "Ay, ay,
+I see it now," said the duke, "it is as much as to say, bargains here, a
+man may get the most for his farthing." "No," said Sheridan, "it seems
+quite the contrary, for if the Scotchman could have driven any thing in
+the way of bargain, he would have gone in."
+</p>
+<hr />
+<p>
+A Mrs. Tomlinson is mentioned in the papers as having, lately died,
+worth thirty thousand pounds, chiefly amassed by habits of extreme
+penury. She had, before this accumulation, separated from her husband,
+to whom she handsomely allowed five shillings a-week. This was observed
+to realize the often-repeated saying of Solomon&mdash;"A virtuous woman is a
+<i>crown</i> to her husband."
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+SUGAR MADE FROM RAGS.
+</h3>
+<p>
+The compiler of a Catechism of Chemistry up to the latest date, says,
+"It is a remarkable fact, that a pound of rags may be converted into
+more than a pound of sugar, merely by the action of sulphuric acid. When
+shreds of linen are triturated (stirred) in a glass mortar with
+sulphuric acid, they yield a gummy matter on evaporation; and if this
+matter be boiled for some time with dilute sulphuric acid, we obtain a
+crystallizable sugar."&mdash;Now is the time to look up all your old rags,
+&amp;c.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<p>
+A choral society, consisting of 160 members, has just been established
+at Breslau, for the cultivation of ancient music.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+JOHN OF GAUNT.
+</h3>
+<p>
+There is a curious tradition respecting the estate of Sutton Park, (the
+seat of Sir J. Burgoyne.) near Biggleswade, Bedfordshire, which states
+it formerly belonged to John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, who gave it to
+an ancestor of the present proprietor, named Roger Burgoyne, by the
+following laconic grant:&mdash;
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  I, John of Gaunt,</p>
+           <p>  Do give and do grant</p>
+           <p>  To Roger Burgoyne,</p>
+           <p>  And the heirs of his loin,</p>
+           <p>  Both Sutton and Potton,<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a></p>
+           <p>  Until the world's rotten.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+There is also a moated site in the park, called "John of Gaunt's Castle."
+</p>
+<h4>
+J.H.
+</h4>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>
+With the present Number is published a SUPPLEMENT, containing THREE
+ENGRAVINGS: 1. <i>The Death-Watch</i>. 2. <i>The Glow-Worm</i>. 3.
+<i>The Talipot Tree</i>, and a series of other curious and attractive
+Wonders of Nature&mdash;The First and Last Crime, a vivid and masterly
+sketch&mdash;Public Improvements now in progress in London&mdash;besides an
+unusual variety of Literary Novelties.
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>
+<i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD 143, Strand, (near Somerset
+House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and
+by all Newsmen and Booksellers</i>.
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a>
+<b>Footnote 1</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+<p>An account of the original <i>instigator</i> of the Crusades
+will be found in vol. viii. of the MIRROR, page 232.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a>
+<b>Footnote 2</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+<p>The Turks generally show some regard to real piety and valour.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a>
+<b>Footnote 3</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+<p>A neighbouring village.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13644 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #13644 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/13644)
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, No. 360, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, No. 360
+       Vol. XIII. No. 360, Saturday, March 14, 1829
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: October 5, 2004 [EBook #13644]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION
+
+VOL. XIII. NO. 360.] SATURDAY, MARCH 14, 1829. [PRICE 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Grand Entrance to Hyde Park.
+
+[Illustration: _Frieze_.]
+
+
+
+
+GRAND ENTRANCE TO HYDE PARK.
+
+The great Lord Burleigh says, "A realm gaineth more by one year's peace
+than by ten years' war;" and the architectural triumphs which are rising
+in every quarter of the metropolis are strong confirmation of this
+maxim.
+
+One of these triumphs is represented in the annexed engraving, viz. the
+grand entrance to Hyde Park, erected from the designs of Decimus Burton,
+Esq. It consists of a screen of handsome fluted Ionic columns, with
+three carriage entrance archways, two foot entrances, a lodge, &c. The
+extent of the whole frontage is about 107 feet. The central entrance
+has a bold projection: the entablature is supported by four columns;
+and the volutes of the capitals of the outside column on each side
+of the gateway are formed in an angular direction, so as to exhibit two
+complete faces to view. The two side gateways, in their elevations,
+present two insulated Ionic columns, flanked by antae. All these
+entrances are finished by a blocking, the sides of the central one being
+decorated with a beautiful frieze, representing a naval and military
+triumphal procession, which our artist has copied and represented in
+distinct engravings. This frieze was designed by Mr. Henning, jun., son
+of Mr. Henning, so well known for his admirable models of the Elgin
+marbles. It possesses great classical merit, and the model was exhibited
+last season in the sculpture-room of the Suffolk-street Gallery.
+
+The _gates_ were manufactured by Messrs. Bramah. They are of iron,
+bronzed, and fixed or hung to the piers by rings of gun-metal. The
+design consists of a beautiful arrangement of the Greek honeysuckle
+ornament; the parts being well defined, and the raffles of the leaves
+brought out in a most extraordinary manner. The hanging of the gates is
+also very ingenious.
+
+Mr. Soane's proposed entrances to Piccadilly and St. James's and Hyde
+Parks, are generally considered superior to those that have been
+adopted. The park entrances were to consist of two triumphal arches
+connected with each other by a colonnade and arches stretching across
+Piccadilly. The same ingenious architect likewise designed a new palace
+at the top of Constitution Hill, from which to the House of Lords the
+King should pass Buckingham House, Carlton House, a splendid Waterloo
+and Trafalgar monument, a fine triumphal arch, the Privy Council Office,
+Board of Trade, and the new law courts.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+LINES
+
+_On the origin of the application of the name of the "Fleur de
+Souvenance," (modern "Forget-me-not,") to the Myosotis Scorpiodis._
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+  A gallant knight and a lady bright
+    Walk'd by a crystal lake;
+  The twin'd oaks made a grateful shade
+    Above the fangled brake,
+  While the trembling leaves of aspen trees
+    A murmuring music make.
+
+  And as they spoke, round them echoes woke
+    To tales of love and glory;
+  The knight was brave, though of love the slave,
+    And the dame lov'd gallant story--
+  Proudly he told deeds gentle and bold,
+    Of warriors dead or hoary.
+
+  Like babe at rest on its mother's breast,
+    On that an island lay--
+  So still and fair reigned Nature there--
+    So bright the glist'ring spray,
+  You might have thought the scene had been wrought
+    By spell of faun or fay.
+
+  On the island's edge, midst tangled sedge,
+    Lay a wreath of wild flow'rs blue--
+  The broad flag-leaf was their sweet relief,
+    When the heat too fervid grew;
+  And the willow's shade a shelter made,
+    When stormy tempests blew.
+
+  And as they stood, the faithful flood
+    Gave back ev'ry line and trace
+  Of earth below and heaven above,
+    And their own forms gallant grace--
+  For forms more fair than that lovely pair
+    Ne'er shone on its liquid face.
+
+  "I would a flower from that bright bower
+    Some nymph would waft to me--
+  For in my eyes a dearer prize
+    Than glitt'ring gem 'twould be--
+  For its changeless blue seems emblem true
+    Of love's own constancy."
+
+  The maiden spake, and no more the lake
+    In slumb'ring stillness lay,
+  For from the side of his destin'd bride
+    The knight has pass'd away;
+  In vain the maid's soft words essay'd
+    His rash pursuit to stay.
+
+  He has reach'd the tower, and pluck'd the flower.
+    And turn'd from the verdant spot.
+  Ah, hapless knight! some Naiad bright
+    Woo'd thee to her coral grot;
+  And forbids that more to touch that shore
+    Shall ever be thy lot.
+
+  Vainly he tried to gain the side,
+    Where knelt his lady-love;
+  Flagg'd every limb, his eyes grew dim,
+    But still the spirit strove.
+  One effort more--he flings to shore
+    The flow'r so dear to prove.
+  'Tis past! 'tis past! that look his last,
+    That fond sad glance of love
+  The bubbling wave his farewell gave
+    In the moan, "Forget me not."
+
+D.A.H
+
+
+The above incident occurred in the time of Edward IV.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HAVER BREAD.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror._)
+
+
+In the MIRROR, No. 358, the article headed "Memorable Days," the writer,
+in that part of which the _Avver Bread_ is treated of, says it is
+made of oats leavened and kneaded into a large, thin, round cake, which
+is placed upon a girdle over the fire; adding, that he is totally at a
+loss for a definition of the word Avver; that he has sometimes thought
+avver, means oaten; which I think, correct, it being very likely a
+corruption of the French, avoine, oats; introduced among many others,
+into the Scottish language, during the great intimacy which formerly
+existed between France and Scotland; in which latter country a great
+many words were introduced from the former, which are still in use; such
+as gabart, a large boat, or lighter, from the French gabarre; bawbee,
+baspiece, a small copper coin; vennell, a lane, or narrow street, which
+still retains its original pronunciation and meaning. Enfiler la vennel;
+a common figurative expression for running away is still in use in
+France. Apropos of vennell, Dr. Stoddard, in a "Pedestrian Tour through
+the Land of Cakes," when a young man, says he could not trace its
+meaning in any language, (I speak from memory) also made the same
+observation where I was; being at that time on intimate terms with the
+doctor, I pointed out to him its derivation from the Latin into the
+French, and thence, probably, into the Scotch; the embryo L.L.D. stared,
+and seemed chagrined, at receiving such information from a
+
+CREOLE.
+
+P.S. In no part of Great Britain, I believe, is oaten bread so much used
+as in Scotland; from whence the term, "The Land of Cakes is derived." In
+some parts of France, _Pain d'avoine_ has been in use in my time.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EPITOME OF THE CRUSADES.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+The first Crusade[1] to the Holy Land was undertaken by numerous
+Christian princes, who gained Jerusalem after it had been in possession
+of the Saracens four hundred and nine years. Godfrey, of Boulogne, was
+then chosen king by his companions in arms; but he had not long enjoyed
+his new dignity, before he had occasion to march out against a great
+army of Turks and Saracens, whom he overthrew, and killed one hundred
+thousand of their men, besides taking much spoil. Shortly after this
+victory, a pestilence happened, of which multitudes died; and the
+contagion reaching Godfrey, the first Christian King of Jerusalem,
+he also expired, on the 18th of July, 1100, having scarcely reigned
+a full year.
+
+Godfrey's successors, the Baldwins, defeated the Turks in many
+engagements. In the reign of Baldwin III., however, the Christians lost
+Edessa, a circumstance which affected Pope Eugenius III. to such a
+degree, that he prevailed on Conrad III., Emperor of Germany, to relieve
+his brethren in Syria. In the year 1146, therefore, Conrad marched
+through Greece, and soon afterwards encountered the Turkish army, which
+he routed; he then proceeded to Iconium, the principal seat of the Turks
+in Lesser Asia; but, for want of provisions and health, was compelled
+to relinquish his design of taking that city, and to return home. Much
+about the same period, Lewis VIII., of France, made an expedition to
+the Holy Land, but was wholly unsuccessful in his attempts against the
+enemy. Notwithstanding these failures, King Baldwin, relying on his
+own strength, gained possession of Askalon, and defeated the Turks in
+numerous actions. Previous to his death, which was caused by poison,
+in 1163, he was the victorious sovereign of Jerusalem and the greatest
+part of Syria.
+
+During the reign of Baldwin IV., Saladin, Sultan of Egypt, invaded
+Palestine, and took several towns, notwithstanding the valour of
+the Christians. In the succeeding reign of King Guy, however, the
+Christians, still unfortunate, received a _decisive blow_, which
+tended to the decline of their independence in the Holy Land; for, among
+other places of importance, Saladin made a capture of Jerusalem, and
+took its king prisoner. When the conqueror entered the holy city, he
+profaned every sacred place, save the Temple of the Sepulchre, (which
+the Christians redeemed with an immense sum of money,) and drove the
+Latin Christians from their abodes, who were only allowed to carry what
+they could hastily collect on their backs, either to Tripoly, Antioch,
+or Tyre, the only three places which then remained in the Christians'
+possession. All the monuments were demolished, except those of our
+Saviour, King Godfrey, and Baldwin I.[2] The city was yielded to the
+captors on the 2nd of October, 1187, after the Christians had possessed
+it about eighty-nine years.
+
+These calamitous transactions in Palestine greatly alarmed all Europe,
+and several princes speedily resolved to oppose the career of the
+oppressors, and to leave no means untried of regaining the kingdom of
+Jerusalem. In furtherance of this design, the Emperor Frederic marched
+into Palestine with a powerful army, and defeated the Turks near
+Melitena; he afterwards met them near Comogena, where he also routed
+them, but was unhappily killed in the action. Some time after this,
+King Philip, of France, and Richard I., of England, engaged in a crusade
+for the relief of the Christians. Philip arrived first, and proceeded
+to Ptolemais, which King Guy, having obtained his liberty, was then
+besieging. King Richard, in his passage, was driven with his fleet upon
+the coast of Cyprus, but was not permitted to land; this so highly
+offended him, that he landed his whole army by force, and soon over-ran
+the island. He was at length opposed by the king of Cyprus, whom he took
+prisoner, and carried in chains to Ptolemais, where he was welcomed with
+great rejoicings by the besiegers, who stood in much need of assistance.
+It would he superfluous to relate here the particulars of the siege; let
+it suffice to say, that after a general assault had been given, a breach
+was made, so that the assailants were enabled to enter the city, which
+Saladin surrendered to them upon articles, on the 12th of July, 1191.
+King Richard here obtained the title of _Coeur de Lion_, for having
+taken down Duke Leopold's standard, that was first fixed in the breach,
+and placed his own in its stead.
+
+After the taking of Ptolemais, King Philip and many other princes
+returned home, leaving King Richard in Palestine to prosecute the war in
+concert with Guy, whom Richard, in a short time afterwards, persuaded to
+accept of the crown of Cyprus, in lieu of his pretences to Jerusalem.
+By these crafty means, Richard caused himself to be proclaimed King of
+Jerusalem; but while he was preparing to besiege that city, he received
+news that the French were about to invade England. He was therefore
+compelled to conclude a peace with Saladin, not very advantageous to
+Christendom, and to return to Europe. But meeting with bad weather, he
+was driven on the coast of Histria; and, while endeavouring to travel
+through the country in the habit of a templar, was taken prisoner
+by Duke Leopold, of Austria, who became his enemy at the siege of
+Ptolemais. The duke sold him for forty thousand pounds to the emperor,
+Henry VI., who soon afterwards had a hundred thousand pounds for his
+ransom.
+
+About the same period, Sultan Saladin, the most formidable enemy the
+Christians ever encountered, died; an event which caused Pope Celestine
+to prevail on the emperor, Henry VI., of Germany, to make a new
+expedition against the Turks, who were in consequence defeated; but
+the emperor's general, the Duke of Saxony, being killed, and the
+emperor himself dying soon afterwards, the Germans returned home
+without accomplishing the object of their expedition. They had no sooner
+departed than the Turks, in revenge, nearly drove the Christians from
+the Holy Land, and took all the strong towns which the Crusaders had
+gained, excepting Tyre and Ptolemais. In 1199, a fleet was fitted out
+at the instigation of Pope Innocent III. against the infidels. On this
+occasion, the Christians, notwithstanding their strenuous exertions,
+failed of taking Jerusalem, though several other important places were
+delivered to them.
+
+In the year 1228, Frederic, Emperor of Germany, set out from Brundusium
+to Palestine, took Jerusalem, which the enemy had left in a desolate
+condition, and caused himself to be proclaimed king. But, after this
+conquest, he was obliged to return to his own country, where his
+presence was required. The Turks immediately assembled a prodigious army
+for regaining the Holy City, which they ultimately took, putting the
+German garrison to the sword, in the year 1234; since which time, the
+Christian powers, weary of these useless expeditions, have made no
+considerable effort to possess it.
+
+The Christians were entirely driven from Palestine and Syria in the year
+1291, about one hundred and ninety-two years after the capture of
+Jerusalem by Godfrey of Boulogne.
+
+G.W.N.
+
+    [1] An account of the original _instigator_ of the Crusades
+        will be found in vol. viii. of the MIRROR, page 232.
+
+    [2] The Turks generally show some regard to real piety and valour.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SHAKSPEARE.--A FRAGMENT.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+  The empty passions of the angry world,
+  The loves of heroes, the despair of maids,
+  The rage of kings, of beggars and of slaves,
+  Shakspeare alone attun'd to song.--The rest essay'd.
+  Laureate of bards! thyself unsung
+  Would stamp us reckless.
+
+CYMBELINE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+REGAL TABLET.
+
+(_Continued from page 111._)
+
+
+EDWARD II. began his reign 7th July, 1307, ended 25th Jan. 1327.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Clement V.,           1305.
+John XXII.,           1316.
+
+_Emperor of the East._
+
+Andronicus II.,       1283.
+
+_Emperors of the West_.
+
+Albert I.,            1278.
+Henry VII.,           1308.
+Frederic III.,        1314.
+
+_France_.
+Philip IV.,           1285.
+Louis X.,             1314.
+Charles IV.           1322.
+
+_Scotland_.
+Robert Bruce,         1306.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EDWARD III. began his reign 25th Jan. 1327, ended 21st June, 1377.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+John XXII.,           1316.
+Benedict XII.,        1334.
+Clement VI.,          1342.
+Innocent VI.,         1352.
+Urban V.,             1362.
+Gregory XI.,          1370.
+
+_Emperors of the East_.
+
+Andronicus II.,       1283.
+Andronicus III.,      1332.
+John V.,              1341.
+John VI.,             1355.
+
+_Emperors of the West_.
+
+Frederic III.,        1314.
+Louis IV.,            1330.
+Edward Baliol,        1332.
+David II. (again),    1342.
+Charles IV.,          1347.
+Robert II.,           1370.
+
+_France_.
+
+Charles IV.,          1322.
+Philip VI.,           1328.
+John I.,              1355.
+Charles V.,           1364.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+Robert Bruce,         1306.
+David II.,            1330.
+Edward Baliol,        1332.
+David II. (again),    1342.
+Robert II.,           1370.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RICHARD II. began his reign 21st June, 1377, ended 29th Sept. 1399.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Gregory XI.,          1370.
+Urban VI.,            1378.
+Boniface IX.,         1389.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+John VI.,             1355.
+Emanuel II.,          1391.
+
+_Emperors of the West_.
+
+Charles IV.,          1347.
+Weneslaus,            1378.
+
+_France_.
+
+Charles V.,           1364.
+Charles VI.,          1380.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+Robert II.,           1370.
+Robert III.,          1390.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+(_House of Lancaster._)
+
+HENRY IV. began his reign 29th Sept. 1399, ended 20th March, 1413.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Boniface IX.,         1389.
+Innocent VII.,        1404.
+
+_Emperors of the West_.
+
+Weneslaus, 1378.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Gregory XII.          1406.
+Alexander V.          1409.
+John XXIII.           1410.
+
+_Emperor of the East_.
+
+Emanuel II.,          1391.
+
+_Emperors of the West_.
+
+Robert le Pet,        1400.
+Sigismund,            1410.
+
+_France_.
+
+Charles VI.,          1380.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+Robert III.,          1390.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HENRY V. began his reign 20th March, 1413, ended 31st August, 1422.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+John XXIII.           1410.
+Martin V.,            1417.
+
+_Emperor of the East_.
+
+Emanuel II.,          1391.
+
+_Emperor of the West_.
+
+Sigismund,            1410.
+
+_France_.
+
+Charles VI.,          1380.
+Charles VII.          1422.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+Robert III.,          1390.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HENRY VI. began his reign 31st August, 1422, ended 4th March, 1461.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Martin V.,            1417.
+Eugenius IV.          1431.
+Nicholas V.,          1447.
+Galixus III.          1455.
+Pius II.,             1458.
+
+_Emperors of the East_.
+
+Emanuel II.,          1391.
+John VII.,            1426.
+Constantine III.,
+  last emperor        1448.
+
+_Emperors of the West_.
+
+Sigismund,            1410.
+Albert II.,           1438.
+Frederic IV.,         1440.
+
+_France_.
+
+Charles VII.          1422.
+Louis XI.,            1440.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+Robert III.,          1390.
+James I.,             1424.
+James II.,            1437.
+James III.,           1440.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+(_House of York._)
+
+EDWARD IV. began his reign 4th March, 1461, ended 9th April, 1483.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Pius II.,             1458.
+Paul II.,             1464.
+Sixtus IV.,           1471.
+
+_Emperor of the West_.
+
+Frederic IV.,         1440.
+
+_France_.
+
+Louis XI.,            1440.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+James III.,           1440.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EDWARD V. began his reign 9th April, 1483, ended 22nd June, 1483.
+
+Contemporaries as the last reign.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RICHARD III. began his reign 22nd June, 1483, ended 22nd August, 1485.
+
+Contemporaries again, as before.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+(_Lancaster and York united._)
+
+HENRY VII. began his reign 22nd August, 1485, ended 22nd April, 1509.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Innocent VIII.,       1484.
+Alexander VI.         1492.
+Pius III.,            1593.
+Julius II.,           1503.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Frederic IV.,         1440.
+Maximilian I.         1493.
+
+_France._
+
+Charles VIII.         1485.
+Louis XII.,           1498.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+James III.,           1460.
+James IV.,            1489.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HENRY VIII. began his reign 22nd April, 1509, ended 28th Jan. 1547.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Julius II.,           1503.
+Leo X.,               1513.
+Adrian VI.,           1521.
+Clement VII.          1523.
+Paul III.,            1534.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Maximilian I.         1493.
+Charles V.,           1519.
+
+_France._
+
+Louis XII.,           1498.
+Francis I.,           1515.
+Henry II.,            1547.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+James IV.,            1489.
+James V.,             1514.
+Mary,                 1542.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EDWARD VI. began his reign 28th Jan. 1547, ended 6th July, 1553.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Paul III.,            1534.
+Julius III.,          1550.
+
+_Emperor of Germany._
+
+Charles V.,           1519.
+
+_France._
+
+Henry II.,            1547.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+Mary,                 1542.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MARY began her reign 6th July, 1553, ended 17th Nov. 1558.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Julius III.,          1550.
+Marcellus II.         1555.
+Paul IV.,             1555.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Charles V.,           1519.
+Ferdinand,            1556.
+
+And the other contemporary princes as in the last reign.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ELIZABETH began her reign 17th Nov. 1558, ended 24th March, 1603.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Paul IV.,             1555.
+Pius IV.,             1559.
+Pius V.,              1565.
+Gregory XIII.,        1572.
+Sixtus V.,            1585.
+Urban VII.,           1590.
+Gregory XIV.,         1590.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Ferdinand I.,         1556.
+Maximilian II.        1564.
+Rodolphus II.         1576.
+
+_France._
+
+Henry II.,            1547.
+Francis II.,          1559.
+Charles IX.,          1560.
+Henry III.,           1574.
+Henry IV.,            1589.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Innocent IX.          1501.
+Clement VIII.,        1592.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+Mary,                 1542.
+James VI.,            1567.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Union of the two crowns of England and Scotland._
+
+JAMES I. began his reign 24th March, 1603, ended 27th March, 1625.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Clement VIII.,        1592.
+Leo IX.,              1605.
+Paul III.,            1605.
+Gregory XV.           1621.
+Urban VIII.           1623.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Rodolphus II.         1576.
+Matthias I.,          1612.
+Ferdinand III.        1619.
+
+_France._
+
+Henry IV.,            1589.
+Louis XIII.,          1610.
+
+_Spain & Portugal._
+
+Philip III.,          1507.
+Philip IV.,           1620.
+
+_Denmark._
+
+Christian IV.         1588.
+
+_Sweden._
+
+Sigismund,            1592.
+Charles IX.,          1606.
+Gustavus II.          1611.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHARLES I. began his reign 27th March, 1625, beheaded 30th Jan. 1648.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Urban VIII.           1623.
+Innocent X.,          1644.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Ferdinand II.         1619.
+Ferdinand III.        1637.
+
+_France._
+
+Louis XIII.,          1610.
+Louis XIV.,           1643.
+
+_Spain & Portugal._
+
+Philip IV.,           1620.
+
+_Portugal only._
+
+John IV.,             1640.
+
+_Denmark._
+
+Christian IV.         1583.
+Frederic III.         1648.
+
+_Sweden._
+
+Gustavus II.          1611.
+Christiana,           1633.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Inter-regnum and Usurpation under
+
+OLIVER CROMWELL, from 30th Jan. 1648, to 29th May, 1660.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Innocent X.,          1644.
+Alexander VII.,       1655.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Ferdinand III.,       1637.
+Leopold I.,           1658.
+
+_France._
+
+Louis XIV.,           1643.
+
+_Spain._
+
+Philip IV.,           1620.
+
+_Portugal._
+
+John IV.,             1640.
+Alonzo VI.,           1656.
+
+_Denmark._
+
+Frederic III.         1646.
+
+_Sweden._
+
+Christiana,           1633.
+Charles X.,           1653.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_The remainder of this very useful Tablet, which has been compiled
+by a Correspondent, expressly for our pages, will be found in the
+Supplement published with the present No._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE ANECDOTE GALLERY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANECDOTES OF A DIANA MONKEY.
+
+_By Mrs. Bowdich._
+
+
+An old ship companion of mine was a native of the Gold Coast, and was of
+the Diana species. He had been purchased by the cook of the vessel in
+which I sailed from Africa, and was considered his exclusive property.
+Jack's place then was close to the cabooce; but as his education
+progressed, he was gradually allowed an increase of liberty, till at
+last he enjoyed the range of the whole ship, except the cabin. I had
+embarked with more than a mere womanly aversion to monkeys, it was
+absolute antipathy; and although I often laughed at Jack's freaks, still
+I kept out of his way, till a circumstance brought with it a closer
+acquaintance, and cured me of my dislike. Our latitude was three degrees
+south, and we only proceeded by occasional tornadoes, the intervals of
+which were filled up by dead calms and bright weather; when these
+occurred during the day, the helm was frequently lashed, and all the
+watch went below. On one of these occasions I was sitting alone on the
+deck, and reading intently, when, in an instant, something jumped upon
+my shoulders, twisted its tale round my neck, and screamed close to my
+ears. My immediate conviction that it was Jack scarcely relieved me: but
+there was no help; I dared not cry for assistance, because I was afraid
+of him, and dared not obey the next impulse, which was to thump him off,
+for the same reason, I therefore became civil from necessity, and from
+that moment Jack and I entered into an alliance. He gradually loosened
+his hold, looked at my face, examined my hands and rings with the most
+minute attention, and soon found the biscuit which lay by my side. When
+I liked him well enough to profit by his friendship, he became a
+constant source of amusement. Like all other nautical monkeys, he was
+fond of pulling off the men's caps as they slept, and throwing them into
+the sea; of knocking over the parrots' cages to drink the water as it
+trickled along the deck, regardless of the occasional gripe he received;
+of taking the dried herbs out of the tin mugs in which the men were
+making tea of them; of dexterously picking out the pieces of biscuit
+which were toasting between the bars of the grate; of stealing the
+carpenter's tools; in short, of teasing every thing and every body: but
+he was also a first-rate _equestrian_. Whenever the pigs were let
+out to take a run on deck, he took his station behind a cask, whence he
+leaped on the back of one of his steeds as it passed. Of course the
+speed was increased, and the nails he stuck in to keep himself on,
+produced a squeaking: but Jack was never thrown, and became so fond of
+the exercise, that he was obliged to be shut up whenever the pigs were
+at liberty. Confinement was the worst punishment he could receive, and
+whenever threatened with that, or any other, he would cling to me for
+protection. At night, when about to be sent to bed in an empty hencoop,
+he generally hid himself under my shawl, and at last never suffered any
+one but myself to put him to rest. He was particularly jealous of the
+other monkeys on board, who were all smaller than himself, and put two
+out of his way. The first feat of the kind was performed in my presence:
+he began by holding out his paw, and making a squeaking noise, which the
+other evidently considered as an invitation; the poor little thing
+crouched to him most humbly; but Jack seized him by the neck, hopped off
+to the side of the vessel, and threw him into the sea. We cast out a
+rope immediately, but the monkey was too frightened to cling to it, and
+we were going too fast to save him by any other means. Of course, Jack
+was flogged and scolded, at which he was very penitent; but the
+deceitful rogue, at the end of three days, sent another victim to the
+same destiny. But his spite against his own race was manifested at
+another time in a very original way. The men had been painting the
+ship's side with a streak of white, and upon being summoned to dinner,
+left their brushes and paint on deck. Unknown to Jack, I was seated
+behind the companion door, and saw the whole transaction; he called a
+little black monkey to him, who, like the others, immediately crouched
+to his superior, when he seized him by the nape of the neck with one
+paw, took the brush, dripping with paint, with the other, and covered
+him with white from head to foot. Both the man at the helm and myself
+burst into a laugh, upon which Jack dropped his victim, and scampered up
+the rigging. The unhappy little beast began licking himself, but I
+called the steward, who washed him so well with turpentine, that all
+injury was prevented; but during our bustle Jack was peeping with his
+black nose through the bars of the maintop, apparently enjoying the
+confusion. For three days he persisted in remaining aloft; no one could
+catch him, he darted with such rapidity from rope to rope; at length,
+impelled by hunger, he dropped unexpectedly from some height on my
+knees, as if for refuge, and as he had thus confided in me, I could not
+deliver him up to punishment.
+
+The only way in which I could control his tricks was by showing him to
+the panther on board, which excited his fears very strongly. I used to
+hold him up by his tail, and the instant he saw the panther he would
+become perfectly stiff, shut his eyes, and pretend to be dead. When I
+moved away, he would relax his limbs, and open one eye very cautiously;
+but if he caught a glimpse of the panther's cage, the eyes were quickly
+closed, and he resumed the rigidity of death. After four months' sojourn
+together, I quitted Jack off the Scilly Islands, and understood that I
+was very much regretted: he unceasingly watched for me in the morning,
+and searched for me in every direction, even venturing into the cabin;
+nor was he reconciled to my departure when my servants left the vessel
+at Gravesend.--_Mag. Natural History._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+COMPANION TO THE THEATRES.
+
+
+It must be owned that such a _little book_ as this has long been
+wanted; for of all writing, that relating to the stage is the most
+diffuse. It is scattered about in biography, criticism and anecdote, not
+unfrequently of great interest, but occupying so much "valuable" time,
+that to condense it, or to pick the wheat from the chaff, is no trifling
+task. So much for the amusement which our "Companion" may yield to the
+Londoner: his utility as a cicerone or guide will be more obvious to our
+country friends, who flock in thousands to see and hear comedy and
+tragedy at this play-going season. A young girl comes to town to see
+"the lions," and, with her "cousin," goes to the opera, where _one
+guinea_ is paid for their admission, or even more if they be
+_installed_. Two Londoners would buy their tickets during the day,
+and thus pay but 17_s_. Another party are dying to hear Braham
+sing, or Paton warble her nightingale notes among the canvass groves and
+hollyhock gardens of Drury Lane and Covent Garden; or to sup on the
+frowning woes of tragedy, the intrigues of an interlude dished up as an
+_entremet_, or a melodrama for a ragout; or the wit and waggery of
+a farce, sweet and soft-flowing like a _petit-verre_, to finish the
+repast. They go, and between the acts try to count the wax and gas, the
+feet, and foot lights till they are purblind; they return home and dream
+of Desdemona, sing themselves to sleep with the notes of the last song,
+are haunted with the odd physiognomy of Liston, and repeat the
+farce-laugh till the dream is broken. Next day it is mighty pleasant to
+read how many hundred people the theatre will hold, how many pounds they
+all paid to get there; and how the splendid pile of Drury Lane rose on
+the area of a cockpit: and how Garrick played Macbeth in a court suit,
+and John Kemble enacted the sufferings of Hamlet in _powdered_
+hair. Upon all these subjects the Companion is conversant, although he
+does not set up for Sir Oracle, or shake his head like Burleigh. In
+short, he tells of "many things," from the cart of Thespis and the Roman
+theatres, with their 6,000 singers and dancers, to the companies on the
+present stages.
+
+Thus, we have the Origin of the Drama--Rise of the Drama in
+England--Early English Theatres--Descriptions of all the London
+Theatres--and a pleasant chapter on the Italian Opera. The Appendix
+contains pithy chronologies of the dramatists and actors, bygone
+and contemporary--origin of all the varieties of the drama--the
+topography of the stage and scenery, costume--expenses of the
+theatres--masquerades--play-bills and editions of plays, and a host
+of theatrical customs. In truth, the book is as full as the tail of a
+fine lobster, and will doubtless repay the time and research which its
+preparation must have occupied. There is also a, frontispiece of the
+fronts of the twelve London Theatres.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ORNITHOLOGY.
+
+Mr. James Jennings has favoured us with a copy of his _Ornithologia;
+or the Birds_, a poem; with copious _Notes;_ &c. The latter
+portion is to us the most interesting, especially as it contains an
+immense body of valuable research into the history and economy of birds,
+in a pleasant, piquant, anecdotical style, without any of the quaintness
+or crabbedness of scientific technicality. Mr. Jennings's volume is
+therefore well adapted for presentation to young persons; whilst the
+knowledge which it displays, entitles it to a much higher stand than a
+mere book of amusement. To illustrate what we have said in its praise,
+the reader will find in the _Supplement_ to the present Number, two
+or three of the most attractive _Notes_ under "THE NATURALIST,"
+which likewise contains _Three Engravings_ of very curious subjects
+in other departments of Natural History.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONVERSATIONS ON GEOLOGY.
+
+We have already spoken in favourable terms of this volume. It consists
+of 15 conversations of a family circle, comprising a familiar explanation
+of the Huttonian and Wernerian systems; the Mosaic geology, as explained
+by Penn; and the late discoveries of Buckland, Humboldt, Macculloch, and
+others. By way of specimen, we take a portion of a conversation which
+introduces the very interesting subject of the _formation of coal_:
+
+_Edward_.--As the Huttonians evidently fail in proving coal to be
+produced by fusion, I hope the Wernerians may succeed better, for I
+should be sorry if so interesting a subject were left unexplained.
+
+_Mrs. R._--To understand their account, it will be requisite for
+you to recollect the process of the formation of bogs and marshes, as it
+is from these that Werner derives coal. What I told you, also, of the
+change produced on wood by being long exposed to moisture and kept from
+contact with the air, will be of use here, as wood, in all stages of
+change, is often found in coal-fields, in the same way as in peat-bogs.
+
+_Edward_. That is a very strong circumstance in favour of the
+alleged origin.
+
+_Mrs. R_. There are some facts, indeed, connected with this, which
+prove this origin beyond question, as you will admit, when I tell you
+that specimens of wood are often found partly converted into coal and
+partly unchanged, or petrified by some other mineral.
+
+_Edward_. This will, at least, be direct proof that wood may be
+converted into coal.
+
+_Mrs. R_. One instance of this kind is mentioned by Brand, in his
+"History of Newcastle," as having been brought from Iceland, by Sir
+Joseph Banks. Dr. Rennie, in his "Essay on Peat Moss," gives a still
+stronger example. In the parish of Kilsyth, he tells us, there was
+found, in a solid bed of sandstone, the trunk of a tree in an erect
+position, the indentations of the bark and marks of the branches being
+in many parts of it still obvious. It rose from a bed of coal below the
+sandstone, and the roots which reached the coal, as well as the bark for
+an inch thick round the trunk, were completely converted into coal,
+while the centre consisted of sandstone. This specimen I have myself
+seen in the parsonage garden of Kilsyth, and this description is most
+accurate. Sir George Mackenzie lately found a specimen precisely
+similar, in the face of a sandstone rock in Lothian, and I have seen
+numerous specimens of bamboos and reeds in the sandstone quarries of
+Glasgow, with the bark converted into coal, and the centre filled with
+sandstone.
+
+_Edward_.--But would not this prove that sandstone, also, was
+derived from wood?
+
+_Mrs. R._--No: it would only prove that the centre had been
+destroyed and removed; for the sandstone is not chemically composed of
+vegetable substances, but the coal is.
+
+_Edward_--Still, I cannot conceive by what process the conversion
+is effected.
+
+_Mrs. R._ By a natural process, evidently; being a continuation of
+that which converts mosses and marshes into peat. Nay, it is supposed
+not to stop at the formation of coal, but, by a continuation of the
+causes, the coal becomes jet, and even amber. The eminent chemist,
+Fourcroy, in proof of this, mentions a specimen in which one end was
+wood, little changed, and the other pure jet; and Chaptal tells us, that
+at Montpellier there are dug up whole cart-loads of trees converted into
+jet, though the original forms are so perfectly preserved that he could
+often detect the species; and, among others, he mentions birch and
+walnut. What is even more remarkable, he found a wooden pail and a
+wooden shovel converted into pure jet.
+
+_Edward._ Then I suppose, from all these details, that coal might
+be formed artificially, by imitating the natural process.
+
+_Mrs. R._ Mr. Hatchett made many ingenious and successful
+experiments with this design, and Dr. Macculloch has more recently
+succeeded in actually making coal. One of the strongest instances of the
+process, is the existence of a great quantity of wood only half
+converted into coal, at Bovey, near Exeter; this has been much discussed
+by the geologists; but there is a bed of coal found at Locle, on the
+continent, which is said to have been formed almost within the memory of
+man, though I have not yet seen any good account of it.
+
+Altogether, we have been much gratified with these Conversations. As a
+hint, _en passant_, we remind the editor of such an oversight as
+that at p. 350-1, "Order in which the _strata lies_ in the Paris
+basin."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE IDLER.
+
+There were many newspapers in the room, but there was nothing in them.
+There was a clock, but it did not seem to go; at least, so he thought,
+but after looking at it for a very long time he found it did go, but it
+went very slowly. Then he looked at his watch, and that went as slow as
+the clock. Then he took up the newspapers again one after the other very
+deliberately. He read the sporting intelligence and the fashionable
+news. But he did not read very attentively, as he afterwards discovered.
+Then he looked at the clock again, and was almost angry at the
+imperturbable monotony of its face. Then he took out his pocket-book to
+amuse himself by reading his memorandums, but they were very few, and
+very unintelligible. Then he rose up from his seat, and went to the
+window; and looked at the people in the street; he thought they looked
+very stupid, and wondered what they could all find to do with
+themselves. He looked at the carriages, and saw none with coronets,
+except now and then a hackney-coach. Then he began to pick his teeth,
+and that reminded him of eating; and then he rang the bell, which
+presently brought a waiter; and he took that opportunity of drawling out
+the word "waiter" in such lengthened tone, as if resolved to make one
+word last as long as possible.--_Rank and Talent_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF GIBEON.
+
+VERSES ILLUSTRATIVE OF MARTIN S JOSHUA.
+
+
+"For every battle of the warrior is with confused noise and garments
+rolled in blood but this with burning and fuel of fire."--ISAIAH ix. 5.
+
+
+  From Gilgal's camp went forth, at dead of night,
+    The host of Israel: with the rising sun
+  They stood arrayed against the Amorite,
+    Beneath the regal heights of Gibeon,
+  Glorious in morning's splendour! Lebanon,
+    Dim in the distance, reared its lofty head;
+  Light clouds o'erbung the vale of Ajalon,
+    And the Five Armies, by their monarchs led,
+  Not to mere mortal fight, but conflict far more dread.
+
+  How beautiful, at matin's early prime,
+    Valley, and mountain, and that city fair!
+  Magnificent, yet fearfully sublime,
+    In few brief hours the scene depicted there!
+  Below the battle raged, and high in air
+    The gathering clouds, with tempest in their womb,
+  A supernatural darkness seem'd to wear;
+    As heralding, by their portentous gloom,
+  Victory to Israel's host, her foes' impending doom!
+
+  Upon a jutting crag, below the height
+    Where stands the royal city in its pride,
+  The ark is rested! in the people's sight
+    The priests and Joshua standing by its side;
+  Awhile the chief the sea of battle eyed,
+    Which heaved beneath:--in accents undismayed,
+  "Sun, stand thou still on Gibeon!" he cried,
+    "And thou, O Moon, o'er Ajalon be stayed!"
+  And holiest records tell the mandate was obeyed.
+
+  Look on the horrid conflict; mark the stream
+    Of lurid and unnatural light that falls,
+  Like some wild meteors bright terrific gleam,
+    On Gibeon's steep and battlemented walls;
+  Her royal palace, and her pillared halls,
+    Seeming more gorgeous in its vivid blaze!
+  While o'er proud Lebanon the storm appals,
+    In jagged lines the arrowy lightning plays,
+  Soften'd to Israel's sight by intervening haze.
+
+  But o'er the Amoritish camp the cloud
+    Bursts in its fury! on the race abhorred
+  The parting heavens, as from a pitchy shroud.
+    Their desolating hail-storm's wrath out-poured,
+  More vengeful in its ire than Israel's sword!
+    Thus was deliverance unto Gibeon shown;
+  And by the fearful battle of the Lord,
+    The army of the Amorites o'erthrown,
+  And the almighty power of Israel's God made known.
+
+  Made known by marvels awfully sublime!
+    Yet far more glorious in the Christian's sight
+  Than these stern terrors of the olden time,
+    The gentler splendours of that peaceful night,
+  When opening clouds display'd, in vision bright,
+    The heavenly host to Bethlehem's shepherd train,
+  Shedding around them more than cloudless light!
+    "Glory to God on high!" their opening strain,
+  Its chorus, "Peace on earth!" its theme Messiah's reign!
+
+
+_Bernard Barton's New Year's Eve, &c._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MAKING ACQUAINTANCE.
+
+What could be more natural than for Mr. Jackson to say to Dr. Smith, "I
+am going to call on Markham?" And what could be more natural than for
+Dr. Smith to say, "I will go with you, and you may introduce me?" So
+then Markham's friend, Jackson, leaves his card, and Jackson's friend,
+Dr. Smith, leaves his card too.--_Rank and Talent._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GENTLEMEN'S FASHIONS.
+
+We read much of the luxurious effeminacy of the old Romans, their
+fantastically curled hair, their favourite robes, &c.; but what will
+posterity think of some of the modes of puppyism in our times, when they
+read in a chronicle of fashion, dated 1829, that gentlemen wore elegant
+drab cloth opera manteaux lined with scarlet velvet, and confined at the
+collar with a gold chain! In another dress, the waistcoat is directed to
+be made of "a very beautiful white embroidered velvet;" "some young
+_men_ have appeared at balls with blue dress gloves embroidered
+with white;" "the _system_ of the cravat is to form the
+_organization_ of linen on the breast," the very "march" of
+foppery; "cloaks of the gentlemen lined with plush silk of celestial
+blue;" "at balls our young exquisites sport pocket-handkerchiefs of fine
+lawn, with a hem as broad as their thumbs; the corners _only_ are
+embroidered:" "shoes tied with a small _rosette_;" "a young
+gentleman now suffers his hair to grow, has it curled, and parted on the
+left side of the forehead," &c. &c.--This out-herods Herod.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PICTURE OF LONDON.
+
+A new edition of this very useful and attractive volume has just
+appeared, re-edited by Mr. Britton, who, by his extensive architectural
+knowledge, as well as by his popular style of imparting that knowledge,
+is calculated to produce a better "Picture of London" than any other
+writer within our acquaintance. The introduction is, of course, the most
+novel part of this edition, and as it enables Mr. Britton to embody much
+authentic information on the public works now in progress, we have
+abridged a few of these details, which will be found in a Supplement
+published with the present Number. The _Picture of London_ was, we
+believe, first printed in 1806; and the extensive patronage which it
+has enjoyed during twenty-two years has been well deserved by its
+progressive completeness.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR;
+
+AND
+
+LITERARY NOTICES OF
+
+_NEW WORKS._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+RANK AND TALENT.
+
+_By the Author of Penelope, or Love's Labour Lost._
+
+
+In our last volume we devoted nearly six of our columns to an outline of
+the predecessor of the present work, or the novel of _Penelope_. We
+there stated our opinion of the author's talents in a peculiar style of
+novel-writing--a sort of mixture of satire and fashion, without the
+starchness of the one, or the silly affectation of the other--abounding
+in well-drawn pictures of real life, free from caricature, and teeming
+with home-truths, in themselves of such plainness and ready application,
+as to make precept and example follow on with near approaches to
+probability and truth.
+
+The author's _forte_ unquestionably lies in this species of
+writing, and his "_Rank and Talent_" will, we think, bear us out in
+this opinion. The story or canvass of the novel is simple, and well
+prepared for his sketches and finished portraits of character. They
+belong to fashionable and middle life, and the conceits and
+eccentricities, as well as the straightforward integrity of their
+stations are illustrated with peculiar force. Sound moral and knowledge
+of the world are occasionally introduced with great tact, for the author
+is no stranger to the inmost workings and recesses of the human heart;
+and he adapts these lessons, and dovetails them with the narrative, in a
+clever and agreeable style.
+
+The outline of the story may be briefly told. The Hon. Philip Martindale
+has an action brought against him, at the assizes, for the false
+imprisonment of one Richard Smith, as a poacher; although the object of
+the defendant was a beautiful girl residing with the defendant. Clara
+Rivolta is rudely cross-examined as a witness; whilst the plaintiff's
+case is conducted by Horatio Markham, an intelligent young barrister,
+whose parents reside in the town where the action is tried. The cousin
+of the defendant, Mr. John Martindale, an eccentric old gentleman who
+builds an abbey for his titled relative to occupy, whilst he himself
+lives in a cottage on the estate; seeks an acquaintance with Markham.
+These parties reside at Brigland, and Philip Martindale, a dissipated
+lover of the turf, who is dependent on his capricious cousin for his
+supplies; and Horatio Markham, the hero, are thus introduced. Then we
+have a country curate of the higher order, together with his loquacious
+_half_; which are excellent portraits.
+
+John Martindale is one of those eccentric beings--half-aristocrat, and
+half-liberal, which are more rare in society than they were fifty years
+since; and upon this curious compound turns the narrative. Clara Rivolta
+and her mother, Signora Rivolta, the wife of Colonel R. quit their
+native Italy, and visit Brigland, where old Martindale, on the
+discovery, acknowledges the Signora as the fruit of an early imprudence
+on the continent, and finally leaves them a large fortune. Clara is
+married to Markham, and Philip Martindale, afterwards Earl of
+Trimmerstone, marries a gay, giddy girl, who elopes with a perfumed
+puppy of the first fragrance.
+
+The round of the earl's dissipation is but a sorry picture of the
+prostitution of rank; but the connexion leads us into a succession of
+scenes of fashionable life, which are vividly drawn, as are two or three
+of their adjuncts,--a popular west-end preacher, an anti-nervous
+physician, the dandy already mentioned, a noble gambler, and a rich city
+knight and his aspiring family--all of which are to the life.
+
+Our extracts must be detached from the narrative; but they may serve to
+illustrate the felicitous vein in which the characters are drawn.
+
+The means by which Signora Rivolta is discovered by Martindale, is well
+managed. One morning after the old gentleman had been amusing his
+visiters with some Italian views, Mr. Denver, the curate, introduced to
+Mr. Martindale with great parade Colonel Rivolta, whom he described as
+having recently made his escape from the continent, where he was exposed
+to persecution, if not to death, on account of his political opinions.
+The reverend gentleman then proceeded to state, that the colonel had
+previously to his own arrival in England sent over his wife and
+daughter, whom he had committed to the care of Richard Smith; that with
+them he had also transmitted some property, which old Richard had
+invested for their use and benefit; that unfortunately the very first
+night of the colonel's arrival at Brigland, the cottage in which Richard
+Smith dwelt had been robbed by a gipsy; that in consequence of that
+event the poor old man had been so seriously alarmed, that he had been
+totally unable to attend to any thing, and that he had died, leaving
+this poor foreigner in a strange land not knowing how to proceed as
+to the recovery of his little property. After an interview, in which
+Martindale promises the colonel his assistance, the latter was rising to
+take leave, when his eye was arrested by a print which Mr. Martindale
+held in his hand, and which he had unrolled while he was talking. As
+soon as the colonel saw the picture, he recognised the scene which it
+represented, and uttered an ejaculation, indicative of surprise and
+pleasure. Mr. Martindale then, for the first time, observed the print,
+and noticed its subject; he also looked upon it with surprise, but not
+with pleasure; and then he asked the stranger if that scene were
+familiar to him, with very great emotion the colonel replied:--"That
+scene brings to my recollection the happiest day of my life."
+
+For a few seconds the party were totally silent; for the clergyman and
+the foreigner were struck dumb with astonishment at the altered looks of
+the old gentleman, and were surprised to see him crushing the picture
+in both hands. He then, as if with an effort of great resolution,
+exclaimed:--"And it brings to my recollection the most miserable day
+of my life."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The agitation of the old gentleman abated, and he replied: "I thank you
+for your kindness, sir, but my sorrow arises from self-reproach. I have
+inflicted injuries which can never be redressed." He hesitated, as if
+wishing, but dreading to say more. Then changing the tone of his voice,
+as if he were about to speak on some totally different subject, he
+continued addressing himself to Colonel Rivolta:--"I presume, sir, you
+are a native of Genoa, or you are very familiar with that city." "I was
+born," replied the foreigner, "at Naples; but very early in life I was
+removed to Genoa, that I might be engaged in merchandize; for my
+patrimony was very small, and my relations would have despised me, had I
+endeavoured by any occupation to gain a livelihood in my native city."
+"Then you were not originally destined for the army?" "I was not; but
+after I had been some few years in Genoa, I began to grow weary of the
+pursuits of merchandize, and indeed to feel some of that pride of which
+I had accused my relations, and I thought that I should be satisfied
+with very little if I might be free from the occupation of the merchant;
+and while I was so thinking, I met by chance an old acquaintance who
+persuaded me to undertake the profession of arms, to which I was indeed
+not reluctant. And so I left my merchandise, and did not see Genoa again
+for nearly two years. It was then that I was so much interested in that
+scene which the picture portrays; for in a very small house which is in
+the same street, directly opposite to that palace, there lived an old
+woman, whose name was ----"
+
+The attention of the old gentleman had been powerfully arrested by the
+commencement of the Italian's narrative; and he listened very calmly
+till the narrator arrived at the point when he was about to mention the
+name of the old woman who lived opposite to the palace in question: then
+was Mr. Martindale again excited, and without waiting for the conclusion
+of the sentence, interrupted it by exclaiming: "Ah! what! do you know
+that old woman? Is she living? Where is she?--Stop--no--let me
+see--impossible!--Why I must be nearly seventy--yes--are you sure? Is
+not her name Bianchi?"
+
+To this hurried and confused mass of interrogation, the colonel replied
+that her name was Bianchi; but that she had died nearly twenty years
+ago, at a very advanced age, being at the time of her death nearly
+ninety years of age. Hearing this, the old gentleman assumed a great
+calmness and composure of manner, though he trembled as if in an ague;
+and turning to the astonished clergyman, who was pleasing himself with
+the anticipation of some catastrophe or anecdote which might form a fine
+subject for town-talk, he very deliberately said:--"Mr. Denver, I beg I
+may not intrude any longer on your valuable time. This gentleman, I
+find, can give me some account of an old acquaintance of mine. The
+inquiries may not be interesting to you. Make my best compliments to
+Mrs. Denver."
+
+When this good man was withdrawn, Mr. Martindale requested the stranger
+to be seated; and unmindful of the guests whom he had left to amuse
+themselves and each other, he commenced very deliberately to examine the
+foreigner concerning those matters which had so strongly excited his
+feelings.
+
+"You tell me," said Mr. Martindale, "that the old woman, Bianchi, has
+been dead nearly twenty years. Now, my good friend, can you inform me
+how long you were acquainted with this old woman before her death."
+"I knew her," replied the colonel, "only for about four years before
+she died." "And had you much intimacy with her, so as to hear her
+talk about former days." "Very often indeed," replied the foreigner,
+"did she talk about the past; for as her age was very great, and her
+memory was very good, it was great interest to hear her tell of ancient
+things; and she was a woman of most excellent understanding, and very
+benevolent in her disposition. Indeed, I can say that I loved the old
+woman much, very much indeed. I was sorry at her death." "But tell me,"
+said Mr. Martindale, impatiently, "did you ever hear her say any thing
+of an infant--an orphan that was committed to her care nearly forty
+years ago?" At this question, the eyes of the stranger brightened, and
+his face was overspread with a smile of delight, when he replied: "Oh
+yes, much indeed, much indeed! that orphan is my wife,"
+
+This rapidity of explanation was almost too much for the old gentleman's
+feelings. His limbs had been trembling with the agitation arising from
+thus reverting to days and events long passed; and he had entertained
+some hope from the language of the foreigner, that he might gain some
+intelligence concerning one that had been forgotten, but whose image was
+again revived in his memory. He had thought but lightly in the days of
+his youth of that which he then called folly, but more seriously in the
+days of his age of that same conduct which then he called vice. It would
+have been happiness to his soul, could an opportunity have been afforded
+him of making something like amends to the representatives of the
+injured, even though the injured had been long asleep in the grave. When
+all at once, therefore, the intelligence burst upon him, that one was
+living in whom he possessed an interest, and over whose destiny he
+should have watched, but whom he had neglected and forgotten, he felt
+his soul melt within him; and well it was for him that he found relief
+in tears. Surprised beyond measure was Colonel Rivolta, when he observed
+the effect produced on Mr. Martindale, and heard the old gentleman say
+with trembling voice:--"And that orphan, sir, is my daughter." He paused
+for a minute or two, and his companion was too much astonished and
+interested to interrupt him: recovering himself, he continued: "For many
+years after that child was born, I had not the means of making any other
+provision for it than placing it under the care of the old woman of whom
+we have been speaking. I gave her such compensation as my circumstances
+then allowed; and as the mother died soon after the birth of the infant,
+I thought myself freed from all farther responsibility when I had made
+provision for the infant. I endeavoured, indeed, to forget the event
+altogether; and as I wished to form a respectable connexion in marriage,
+I took especial care to conceal this transgression. However, various
+circumstances prevented me from time to time from entering into the
+married state; and having within the last twelve years come into the
+possession of larger property than I had ever anticipated, it occurred
+to me that there should be living at Genoa a child of mine, then indeed
+long past childhood. I wrote to Genoa, and had no answer; I went to
+Genoa, and could find no trace either of my child or of the old woman to
+whose care I had entrusted her; and I was grieved not so much for the
+loss of my child, as for the lack of an opportunity of making some
+amends for my crime. I am delighted to hear that she lives. To-morrow I
+will see her."
+
+Upon this interesting disclosure hinge the principal incidents. In the
+course of these are some admirable pleasantries; especially a
+horse-race, and the description of Trimmerstone, in vol. i.; and the
+clerical prig, and a slight sketch of the dangle Tippetson, in vol. ii.
+
+The Earl of Trimmerstone's portrait, after old Martindale's death is
+well drawn:
+
+The Earl of Trimmerstone was depressed in spirits; it is indeed very
+natural that he should be. The life which he had led, the companions
+with whom he had associated, the disappointments which he had
+experienced, his foolish marriage, the disgraceful conduct of his silly
+countess, the taunts and reproaches of his opulent relative, the
+weariness and disgust that he felt in having nothing to do, and the
+annoyance of an empty title, which merely mocked him with the epithet of
+right honourable, all these things combined to render him almost
+disgusted with, and weary of life. His solitude was soon invaded by a
+visit from the Rev. Marmaduke Sprout, rector of Trimmerstone, who was
+rather fanatical in his theology, and finical in attire and address. He
+could presently render himself agreeable to any person of exalted rank
+by his very courteous and conciliating demeanour; and he possessed a
+peculiar softness and gentleness of manner, with which indeed the Earl
+of Trimmerstone would, in his past days of cock-fighting, horse-racing,
+and boxing, have been thoroughly disgusted. But his lordship was quite
+an altered man. Formerly, the lowest pursuits under the name of sport or
+fancy had been agreeable to his lordship; and every species of religious
+ sentiment he had regarded with the profoundest contempt and the most
+unmingled abhorrence. But now he was sick, and weary of all these things!
+and because one extreme was purely offensive and wearisome, he took
+it for granted that the opposite must be truly delightful and highly
+consistent, and so under the tuition of Mr. Sprout, he changed and
+reversed all his habits, good, bad, and indifferent. From staking
+thousands at a horse-race, he turned up his eyes at the grievous
+abomination of half-crown whist; and, indeed, had he been disposed to
+card-playing, he could not have indulged himself at Trimmerstone, for
+Mr. Sprout had banished almost all card-playing from the place, so
+that there was not a pack of cards in the parish, except two or three
+mutilated well-thumbed packs of quadrille-cards, which were still used
+by a knot of antiquated spinsters worthy of the good old days of
+Sacheverel and High Church. Quadrille-cards will not do for whist,
+for all the eights, nines, and tens are thrown out. Formerly, Lord
+Trimmerstone used to be proud of giving some of his acquaintance a
+sumptuous dinner; but now he had changed all that, and he only kept one
+female cook, who could just manage to make a comfortable and snug little
+dish or two for his lordship's own self, occasionally assisted by the
+Rev. Mr. Sprout. Formerly, his lordship had been disposed to be lively,
+and oftentimes facetious; but now he was prodigiously grave, and almost
+sulky. Formerly, his lordship never went to church; now he went twice
+every Sunday, and said Amen as loud as the clerk, and with much more
+solemnity, for the clerk did not turn up his eyes for fear of losing the
+place. Formerly, his lordship had been very candid; now he had become
+exceedingly censorious, and he seemed to measure his religion by the
+severity with which he reproved transgressors. His lordship several
+times attempted to make all the inhabitants of Trimmerstone go to church
+twice every Sunday, except his own cook. But in this his lordship could
+not succeed, and indeed it was well for him that he could not; for if
+he had, the church would have been so crowded that he could not have
+enjoyed a great, large, lined, stuffed, padded, carpeted pew for
+himself.
+
+In another portion of the MIRROR we have quoted half a dozen of the
+author's amenities just to show the reader that in depicting the follies
+of fashionable life, there is less fiddle-faddle--less _rank_ than
+_talent_--and more sense than in many other chronicles of the ton.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE
+
+Public Journals.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MAXIMS OF JOHN BULLISM.
+
+
+When you travel in a stage-coach, make all the passengers, both inside
+and outside, fully acquainted with your name, business, and objects in
+travelling, before five minutes have elapsed. Among the rest, be sure
+you give them to think you are a man of property, and the personal
+friend of at least half-a-dozen nobles or members of parliament. If in
+trade, inform them you have something very handsome in the three per
+cents., and live on terms of perfect familiarity with the great Jew.
+
+Honesty is the best and most profitable policy in the long run, but
+there are a thousand exceptions to this rule in private practice.
+
+Do no charity by stealth; it is never repaid in this world to any
+advantage; do it openly, and there are chances of its returning cent per
+cent.
+
+You may keep a running horse, or two, though you are a magistrate sworn
+to put down gambling: you need not bet upon the race-course yourself.
+You may subscribe to Fishmongers' Hall, and go there without throwing
+the dice. You may share the profits of a _roulette_ table, without
+venturing your luck. It is strange that vulgar understandings cannot
+discriminate in these matters!
+
+When you have made up your mind finally to do any thing, ask the advice
+of your friend about it. The act of consultation will please him, and
+you will be none the worse.
+
+Human happiness is more or less complete in a ratio with successful
+pecuniary accumulation.
+
+If you enter a drawing-room before dinner a little time too early, and
+find yourself _vis-à-vis_ with an unlucky visiter as forlorn as
+yourself, do not utter a word. The chances are, nine out of ten, he will
+not speak first, that is, if he be a true Briton. Stare at him as hard
+as you can.
+
+If you meet a lady in society, old or young, married or single, who
+equals you in argument, or rises superior to the thousand and one
+automatons disgorged monthly from fashionable boarding-schools, report
+her a _bas bleu_ to your male acquaintances, and warn her own sex
+to shun her.
+
+When you meet an inferior in a public street, it is your duty to cut
+him, if any one who knows you is in sight. If you cannot escape a
+recognition, do it with as little parade as possible--a movement of the
+lips is sufficient--and walk on at a quick rate. Who knows but the Lord
+Mayor, or Mr. Alderman Blowbladder, may observe you?
+
+A grain of impudence will fetch more in the market than twelve bushels
+of modesty.
+
+In the scale of dignities two Cheapside chaises make one Stanhope; two
+Stanhopes a cab; two cabs a landaulet and pair; and so on up to the
+state-coach; and as their numerical relation, so is the degree of
+respect they may justly exact.
+
+If you visit foreign parts, and meet a countryman who may be useful to
+you, do not hesitate to avail yourself of his services; but be sure
+never to acknowledge him should you meet in your native land, unless he
+receive some other introduction to you, and you have it on creditable
+evidence that he is a man of good property.
+
+Never allow reason weight in any thing you have resolved to be right
+that is opposed to it. Reason may be useful in mathematics, to men of
+genius, and to scholars; but it has little to do with every-day
+existence, with the Three per Cents, the national revenue, the Stock
+Exchange, or the India House.
+
+Never get acquainted with your next-door neighbour, unless you find he
+is in good pecuniary circumstances. If you meet on the highway, or touch
+elbows at your respective fore-doors, look at each other like two
+strange tom-cats, and pursue your way.
+
+Commiserate the fate of a Thurtell, a Probert, or a Corder, sent
+(ripened for heaven in a forty-eight hours' probation by a Newgate
+chaplain) out of the world their hellish acts have so sullied; but
+sympathise not with a Riego or a Canaris. Heroic vice was always
+spiriting; heroic virtue is phlegmatic. John Bull's constitution is only
+acted upon by strong excitement.
+
+When you dine with the Lord Mayor, or any of the Aldermen of Brobdignag,
+and they attempt to exhibit their skill at repartee, be sure decide the
+wealthiest to be the wittiest. It will insure you a good dinner another
+time, perhaps something more.
+
+In choosing a wife, prefer even Bristol ugliness to beauty, especially
+if there be a fortune. Beauty will change, intellect may be too much for
+you, but ugliness will be true to you as to itself; besides its
+advantage of preserving you from the effects of conjugal frailty.
+
+A judge's wig is a Delphic mystery, whether brains be in it or not. It
+is a of sublunary wisdom--an umbrella over an oracle.
+
+When you dine at a public dinner, always take your seat opposite a
+favourite dish. Carve it yourself, and select the choicest bits, then
+leave it to your right-hand neighbour to help the rest of the company.
+
+Always stick your napkin in your button-hole at the dinner table, if you
+admit such French superfluities at all. Eat with the sharp edge of your
+knife towards your mouth; forks won't take up gravy. Never wipe your
+lips when you take wine with a lady, and fill both her glass and your
+own until daylight is not visible through the crystal.
+
+When Mrs. Bull is obstreperous, go to the coffee-house and call for your
+glass. It is an excellent cure for her complaint, and you will get the
+latest news retailed in the most engaging manner, with the pleasure of
+knowing she is biting her lips at home in vexation.
+
+Never hold any intercourse with people of whom the world speaks ill.
+'Tis true they may be, and generally are, among the very best of
+mankind, but as they are not reputed to be so, what is that to you?
+
+Some persons cant about the wickedness of the times: believe them not;
+this is the most saintly of ages, the most pure of generations,
+considering its temptations.
+
+Vice at the east and west end of town, is different only in form; in
+substance it comes to the same thing, and in quality is equal to a
+grain.
+
+Never leave a dispute to be settled by arbitration; if you are rich,
+always appeal to law, especially if your opponent be poor. The lawyers
+will manage for you long before the case gets up to the Lords, and
+perhaps secure your rival _in banco regis_ for expenses. In an
+arbitration, the case may be decided against you in a twinkling. It is a
+capital thing that justice and a long purse are sworn brothers; besides,
+moneyed men should have some advantage in society.
+
+So little is the value of an oath understood by any but the Bull family,
+that none but the postboys and the vulgar use oaths in foreign nations,
+America excepted; but that country being a chip of the old block,
+already rivals honest John; outdo him she must not.
+
+Lard your butter, wet your tobacco, pipe-clay your flour, sand your
+sugar, sloe-leaf your tea, coal-ash your pepper, deteriorate your drugs,
+water your liquors, alloy your gold and silver, plunder your lodgers,
+and, while none know it, who is the worse! Then to church, and thank God
+you are not as other men.
+
+Live and talk as if you were to live for ever. If you have accumulated
+tens of thousands, try and make them hundreds of thousands. Why should
+you retire and make way for the industry of others, while you are able
+to treasure up more.
+
+Give credit, take credit, live upon credit; if you are wealthy, your own
+money will be gathering interest at the same time. If you are poor, you
+have no other means to live by.
+
+In matters of business, let there be no favour. If you are dealing with
+your own father, give nothing to him. Screw the uttermost farthing, and,
+if need, sell him.
+
+Give only to receive.
+
+Men of genius are fools; the truly great men know how to make money, and
+money is power--the power of making more money. Your men of genius are
+at best but harlequins with empty pockets.--_New Monthly Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+
+  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+      SHAKSPEARE.
+
+        *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE OPERA.
+
+Swift, in his Journal to Stella, speaking of the Opera says, "In half an
+hour I was tired of their _fine stuff_."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FAUSTINA and CUZZONI, two celebrated opera singers, were such bitter
+rivals, that neither of them would sing in the same room with the other.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CATS.
+
+Four learned cats are now exhibiting in Regent-street; but as we have
+not yet left our card with their feline excellencies, we cannot wink at
+their perfections.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SHERWOOD AND ROBIN HOOD.
+
+The officers of Sherwood Forest, famous for having been the
+head-quarters of Robin Hood in the 16th century, were a warden, his
+lieutenant and steward, a bow-bearer, and a ranger, four verderers,
+twelve regarders, four agisters, and twelve keepers or foresters, all
+under a chief forester; besides these there were several woodwards for
+every township within the forest, and one for every principal wood.
+
+HALBERT H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The late Duke of Norfolk passing down Piccadilly with Sheridan, as a
+gigantic wooden Highlander was just then fixing at the door of a
+tobacconist, asked, what was the reason of this usual location. "Ay, ay,
+I see it now," said the duke, "it is as much as to say, bargains here, a
+man may get the most for his farthing." "No," said Sheridan, "it seems
+quite the contrary, for if the Scotchman could have driven any thing in
+the way of bargain, he would have gone in."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A Mrs. Tomlinson is mentioned in the papers as having, lately died,
+worth thirty thousand pounds, chiefly amassed by habits of extreme
+penury. She had, before this accumulation, separated from her husband,
+to whom she handsomely allowed five shillings a-week. This was observed
+to realize the often-repeated saying of Solomon--"A virtuous woman is a
+_crown_ to her husband."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SUGAR MADE FROM RAGS.
+
+The compiler of a Catechism of Chemistry up to the latest date, says,
+"It is a remarkable fact, that a pound of rags may be converted into
+more than a pound of sugar, merely by the action of sulphuric acid. When
+shreds of linen are triturated (stirred) in a glass mortar with
+sulphuric acid, they yield a gummy matter on evaporation; and if this
+matter be boiled for some time with dilute sulphuric acid, we obtain a
+crystallizable sugar."--Now is the time to look up all your old rags,
+&c.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A choral society, consisting of 160 members, has just been established
+at Breslau, for the cultivation of ancient music.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+JOHN OF GAUNT.
+
+There is a curious tradition respecting the estate of Sutton Park, (the
+seat of Sir J. Burgoyne.) near Biggleswade, Bedfordshire, which states
+it formerly belonged to John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, who gave it to
+an ancestor of the present proprietor, named Roger Burgoyne, by the
+following laconic grant:--
+
+  I, John of Gaunt,
+  Do give and do grant
+  To Roger Burgoyne,
+  And the heirs of his loin,
+  Both Sutton and Potton,[3]
+  Until the world's rotten.
+
+
+There is also a moated site in the park, called "John of Gaunt's Castle."
+
+J.H.
+
+    [3] A neighbouring village.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+With the present Number is published a SUPPLEMENT, containing THREE
+ENGRAVINGS: 1. _The Death-Watch_. 2. _The Glow-Worm_. 3.
+_The Talipot Tree_, and a series of other curious and attractive
+Wonders of Nature--The First and Last Crime, a vivid and masterly
+sketch--Public Improvements now in progress in London--besides an
+unusual variety of Literary Novelties.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD 143, Strand, (near Somerset
+House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and
+by all Newsmen and Booksellers_.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, No. 360, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, ***
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+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
+<title>The Mirror of Literature, Issue 360.</title>
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+  .poem                {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;}
+  .poem .stanza        {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;}
+  .poem p              {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
+  .poem p.i2           {margin-left: 1em;}
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+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, No. 360, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, No. 360
+       Vol. XIII. No. 360, Saturday, March 14, 1829
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: October 5, 2004 [EBook #13644]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page161" name="page161"></a>[pg 161]</span>
+  <h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+  OF<br />
+  LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+  <hr class="full" />
+  <table width="100%" summary="Banner">
+    <tr>
+      <td align="left"><b>VOL. XIII. NO. 360.]</b></td>
+      <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, MARCH 14, 1829.</b></td>
+      <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+  <hr class="full" />
+<h2>
+Grand Entrance to Hyde Park.
+</h2>
+<div class="figure" style="width: 100%;">
+<a href="images/360-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/360-1.png"
+alt="Frieze." /></a>
+<center><i>Frieze.</i></center>
+</div>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page162" name="page162"></a>[pg 162]</span>
+</p>
+<h2>
+	GRAND ENTRANCE TO HYDE PARK.
+</h2>
+<p>
+The great Lord Burleigh says, "A realm gaineth more by one year's peace
+than by ten years' war;" and the architectural triumphs which are rising
+in every quarter of the metropolis are strong confirmation of this
+maxim.
+</p>
+<p>
+One of these triumphs is represented in the annexed engraving, viz. the
+grand entrance to Hyde Park, erected from the designs of Decimus Burton,
+Esq. It consists of a screen of handsome fluted Ionic columns, with
+three carriage entrance archways, two foot entrances, a lodge, &amp;c. The
+extent of the whole frontage is about 107 feet. The central entrance
+has a bold projection: the entablature is supported by four columns;
+and the volutes of the capitals of the outside column on each side
+of the gateway are formed in an angular direction, so as to exhibit two
+complete faces to view. The two side gateways, in their elevations,
+present two insulated Ionic columns, flanked by antae. All these
+entrances are finished by a blocking, the sides of the central one being
+decorated with a beautiful frieze, representing a naval and military
+triumphal procession, which our artist has copied and represented in
+distinct engravings. This frieze was designed by Mr. Henning, jun., son
+of Mr. Henning, so well known for his admirable models of the Elgin
+marbles. It possesses great classical merit, and the model was exhibited
+last season in the sculpture-room of the Suffolk-street Gallery.
+</p>
+<p>
+The <i>gates</i> were manufactured by Messrs. Bramah. They are of iron,
+bronzed, and fixed or hung to the piers by rings of gun-metal. The
+design consists of a beautiful arrangement of the Greek honeysuckle
+ornament; the parts being well defined, and the raffles of the leaves
+brought out in a most extraordinary manner. The hanging of the gates is
+also very ingenious.
+</p>
+<p>
+Mr. Soane's proposed entrances to Piccadilly and St. James's and Hyde
+Parks, are generally considered superior to those that have been
+adopted. The park entrances were to consist of two triumphal arches
+connected with each other by a colonnade and arches stretching across
+Piccadilly. The same ingenious architect likewise designed a new palace
+at the top of Constitution Hill, from which to the House of Lords the
+King should pass Buckingham House, Carlton House, a splendid Waterloo
+and Trafalgar monument, a fine triumphal arch, the Privy Council Office,
+Board of Trade, and the new law courts.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h2>
+	LINES
+</h2>
+<p>
+<i>On the origin of the application of the name of the "Fleur de
+Souvenance," (modern "Forget-me-not,") to the Myosotis Scorpiodis.</i>
+</p>
+<center>
+(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)
+</center>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  A gallant knight and a lady bright</p>
+<p class="i2">    Walk'd by a crystal lake;</p>
+           <p>  The twin'd oaks made a grateful shade</p>
+<p class="i2">    Above the fangled brake,</p>
+           <p>  While the trembling leaves of aspen trees</p>
+<p class="i2">    A murmuring music make.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  And as they spoke, round them echoes woke</p>
+<p class="i2">    To tales of love and glory;</p>
+           <p>  The knight was brave, though of love the slave,</p>
+<p class="i2">    And the dame lov'd gallant story&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  Proudly he told deeds gentle and bold,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Of warriors dead or hoary.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Like babe at rest on its mother's breast,</p>
+<p class="i2">    On that an island lay&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  So still and fair reigned Nature there&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">    So bright the glist'ring spray,</p>
+           <p>  You might have thought the scene had been wrought</p>
+<p class="i2">    By spell of faun or fay.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  On the island's edge, midst tangled sedge,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Lay a wreath of wild flow'rs blue&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  The broad flag-leaf was their sweet relief,</p>
+<p class="i2">    When the heat too fervid grew;</p>
+           <p>  And the willow's shade a shelter made,</p>
+<p class="i2">    When stormy tempests blew.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  And as they stood, the faithful flood</p>
+<p class="i2">    Gave back ev'ry line and trace</p>
+           <p>  Of earth below and heaven above,</p>
+<p class="i2">    And their own forms gallant grace&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  For forms more fair than that lovely pair</p>
+<p class="i2">    Ne'er shone on its liquid face.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "I would a flower from that bright bower</p>
+<p class="i2">    Some nymph would waft to me&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  For in my eyes a dearer prize</p>
+<p class="i2">    Than glitt'ring gem 'twould be&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  For its changeless blue seems emblem true</p>
+<p class="i2">    Of love's own constancy."</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  The maiden spake, and no more the lake</p>
+<p class="i2">    In slumb'ring stillness lay,</p>
+           <p>  For from the side of his destin'd bride</p>
+<p class="i2">    The knight has pass'd away;</p>
+           <p>  In vain the maid's soft words essay'd</p>
+<p class="i2">    His rash pursuit to stay.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  He has reach'd the tower, and pluck'd the flower.</p>
+<p class="i2">    And turn'd from the verdant spot.</p>
+           <p>  Ah, hapless knight! some Naiad bright</p>
+<p class="i2">    Woo'd thee to her coral grot;</p>
+           <p>  And forbids that more to touch that shore</p>
+<p class="i2">    Shall ever be thy lot.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Vainly he tried to gain the side,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Where knelt his lady-love;</p>
+           <p>  Flagg'd every limb, his eyes grew dim,</p>
+<p class="i2">    But still the spirit strove.</p>
+           <p>  One effort more&mdash;he flings to shore</p>
+<p class="i2">    The flow'r so dear to prove.</p>
+           <p>  'Tis past! 'tis past! that look his last,</p>
+<p class="i2">    That fond sad glance of love</p>
+           <p>  The bubbling wave his farewell gave</p>
+<p class="i2">    In the moan, "Forget me not."</p>
+</div></div>
+<h4>
+D.A.H
+</h4>
+<p>
+The above incident occurred in the time of Edward IV.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page163" name="page163"></a>[pg 163]</span>
+</p>
+<h2>
+	HAVER BREAD.
+</h2>
+<center>
+(<i>To the Editor of the Mirror.</i>)
+</center>
+<p>
+In the MIRROR, No. 358, the article headed "Memorable Days," the writer,
+in that part of which the <i>Avver Bread</i> is treated of, says it is
+made of oats leavened and kneaded into a large, thin, round cake, which
+is placed upon a girdle over the fire; adding, that he is totally at a
+loss for a definition of the word Avver; that he has sometimes thought
+avver, means oaten; which I think, correct, it being very likely a
+corruption of the French, avoine, oats; introduced among many others,
+into the Scottish language, during the great intimacy which formerly
+existed between France and Scotland; in which latter country a great
+many words were introduced from the former, which are still in use; such
+as gabart, a large boat, or lighter, from the French gabarre; bawbee,
+baspiece, a small copper coin; vennell, a lane, or narrow street, which
+still retains its original pronunciation and meaning. Enfiler la vennel;
+a common figurative expression for running away is still in use in
+France. Apropos of vennell, Dr. Stoddard, in a "Pedestrian Tour through
+the Land of Cakes," when a young man, says he could not trace its
+meaning in any language, (I speak from memory) also made the same
+observation where I was; being at that time on intimate terms with the
+doctor, I pointed out to him its derivation from the Latin into the
+French, and thence, probably, into the Scotch; the embryo L.L.D. stared,
+and seemed chagrined, at receiving such information from a
+</p>
+<h4>
+CREOLE.
+</h4>
+<p>
+P.S. In no part of Great Britain, I believe, is oaten bread so much used
+as in Scotland; from whence the term, "The Land of Cakes is derived." In
+some parts of France, <i>Pain d'avoine</i> has been in use in my time.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+EPITOME OF THE CRUSADES.
+</h3>
+<center>
+(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)
+</center>
+<p>
+The first Crusade<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> to the Holy Land was undertaken by numerous
+Christian princes, who gained Jerusalem after it had been in possession
+of the Saracens four hundred and nine years. Godfrey, of Boulogne, was
+then chosen king by his companions in arms; but he had not long enjoyed
+his new dignity, before he had occasion to march out against a great
+army of Turks and Saracens, whom he overthrew, and killed one hundred
+thousand of their men, besides taking much spoil. Shortly after this
+victory, a pestilence happened, of which multitudes died; and the
+contagion reaching Godfrey, the first Christian King of Jerusalem,
+he also expired, on the 18th of July, 1100, having scarcely reigned
+a full year.
+</p>
+<p>
+Godfrey's successors, the Baldwins, defeated the Turks in many
+engagements. In the reign of Baldwin III., however, the Christians lost
+Edessa, a circumstance which affected Pope Eugenius III. to such a
+degree, that he prevailed on Conrad III., Emperor of Germany, to relieve
+his brethren in Syria. In the year 1146, therefore, Conrad marched
+through Greece, and soon afterwards encountered the Turkish army, which
+he routed; he then proceeded to Iconium, the principal seat of the Turks
+in Lesser Asia; but, for want of provisions and health, was compelled
+to relinquish his design of taking that city, and to return home. Much
+about the same period, Lewis VIII., of France, made an expedition to
+the Holy Land, but was wholly unsuccessful in his attempts against the
+enemy. Notwithstanding these failures, King Baldwin, relying on his
+own strength, gained possession of Askalon, and defeated the Turks in
+numerous actions. Previous to his death, which was caused by poison,
+in 1163, he was the victorious sovereign of Jerusalem and the greatest
+part of Syria.
+</p>
+<p>
+During the reign of Baldwin IV., Saladin, Sultan of Egypt, invaded
+Palestine, and took several towns, notwithstanding the valour of
+the Christians. In the succeeding reign of King Guy, however, the
+Christians, still unfortunate, received a <i>decisive blow</i>, which
+tended to the decline of their independence in the Holy Land; for, among
+other places of importance, Saladin made a capture of Jerusalem, and
+took its king prisoner. When the conqueror entered the holy city, he
+profaned every sacred place, save the Temple of the Sepulchre, (which
+the Christians redeemed with an immense sum of money,) and drove the
+Latin Christians from their abodes, who were only allowed to carry what
+they could hastily collect on their backs, either to Tripoly, Antioch,
+or Tyre, the only three places which then remained in the Christians'
+possession. All the monuments were demolished, except those of our
+Saviour, King Godfrey, and Baldwin I.<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> The city was yielded to the
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page164" name="page164"></a>[pg 164]</span>
+captors on the 2nd of October, 1187, after the Christians had possessed
+it about eighty-nine years.
+</p>
+<p>
+These calamitous transactions in Palestine greatly alarmed all Europe,
+and several princes speedily resolved to oppose the career of the
+oppressors, and to leave no means untried of regaining the kingdom of
+Jerusalem. In furtherance of this design, the Emperor Frederic marched
+into Palestine with a powerful army, and defeated the Turks near
+Melitena; he afterwards met them near Comogena, where he also routed
+them, but was unhappily killed in the action. Some time after this,
+King Philip, of France, and Richard I., of England, engaged in a crusade
+for the relief of the Christians. Philip arrived first, and proceeded
+to Ptolemais, which King Guy, having obtained his liberty, was then
+besieging. King Richard, in his passage, was driven with his fleet upon
+the coast of Cyprus, but was not permitted to land; this so highly
+offended him, that he landed his whole army by force, and soon over-ran
+the island. He was at length opposed by the king of Cyprus, whom he took
+prisoner, and carried in chains to Ptolemais, where he was welcomed with
+great rejoicings by the besiegers, who stood in much need of assistance.
+It would he superfluous to relate here the particulars of the siege; let
+it suffice to say, that after a general assault had been given, a breach
+was made, so that the assailants were enabled to enter the city, which
+Saladin surrendered to them upon articles, on the 12th of July, 1191.
+King Richard here obtained the title of <i>Coeur de Lion</i>, for having
+taken down Duke Leopold's standard, that was first fixed in the breach,
+and placed his own in its stead.
+</p>
+<p>
+After the taking of Ptolemais, King Philip and many other princes
+returned home, leaving King Richard in Palestine to prosecute the war in
+concert with Guy, whom Richard, in a short time afterwards, persuaded to
+accept of the crown of Cyprus, in lieu of his pretences to Jerusalem.
+By these crafty means, Richard caused himself to be proclaimed King of
+Jerusalem; but while he was preparing to besiege that city, he received
+news that the French were about to invade England. He was therefore
+compelled to conclude a peace with Saladin, not very advantageous to
+Christendom, and to return to Europe. But meeting with bad weather, he
+was driven on the coast of Histria; and, while endeavouring to travel
+through the country in the habit of a templar, was taken prisoner
+by Duke Leopold, of Austria, who became his enemy at the siege of
+Ptolemais. The duke sold him for forty thousand pounds to the emperor,
+Henry VI., who soon afterwards had a hundred thousand pounds for his
+ransom.
+</p>
+<p>
+About the same period, Sultan Saladin, the most formidable enemy the
+Christians ever encountered, died; an event which caused Pope Celestine
+to prevail on the emperor, Henry VI., of Germany, to make a new
+expedition against the Turks, who were in consequence defeated; but
+the emperor's general, the Duke of Saxony, being killed, and the
+emperor himself dying soon afterwards, the Germans returned home
+without accomplishing the object of their expedition. They had no sooner
+departed than the Turks, in revenge, nearly drove the Christians from
+the Holy Land, and took all the strong towns which the Crusaders had
+gained, excepting Tyre and Ptolemais. In 1199, a fleet was fitted out
+at the instigation of Pope Innocent III. against the infidels. On this
+occasion, the Christians, notwithstanding their strenuous exertions,
+failed of taking Jerusalem, though several other important places were
+delivered to them.
+</p>
+<p>
+In the year 1228, Frederic, Emperor of Germany, set out from Brundusium
+to Palestine, took Jerusalem, which the enemy had left in a desolate
+condition, and caused himself to be proclaimed king. But, after this
+conquest, he was obliged to return to his own country, where his
+presence was required. The Turks immediately assembled a prodigious army
+for regaining the Holy City, which they ultimately took, putting the
+German garrison to the sword, in the year 1234; since which time, the
+Christian powers, weary of these useless expeditions, have made no
+considerable effort to possess it.
+</p>
+<p>
+The Christians were entirely driven from Palestine and Syria in the year
+1291, about one hundred and ninety-two years after the capture of
+Jerusalem by Godfrey of Boulogne.
+</p>
+<h4>
+G.W.N.
+</h4>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+SHAKSPEARE.&mdash;A FRAGMENT.
+</h3>
+<center>
+(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)
+</center>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  The empty passions of the angry world,</p>
+           <p>  The loves of heroes, the despair of maids,</p>
+           <p>  The rage of kings, of beggars and of slaves,</p>
+           <p>  Shakspeare alone attun'd to song.&mdash;The rest essay'd.</p>
+           <p>  Laureate of bards! thyself unsung</p>
+           <p>  Would stamp us reckless.</p>
+</div></div>
+<h4>
+CYMBELINE.
+</h4>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page165" name="page165"></a>[pg 165]</span>
+</p>
+<h2>
+	RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.
+</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+REGAL TABLET.
+</h3>
+<center>
+(<i>Continued from page 111.</i>)
+</center>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<center>
+EDWARD II.<br /> began his reign 7th July, 1307, ended 25th Jan. 1327.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Clement V.,           1305.<br />
+John XXII.,           1316.<br />
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of the East.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Andronicus II.,       1283.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Albert I.,            1278.<br />
+Henry VII.,           1308.<br />
+Frederic III.,        1314.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France</i>.
+Philip IV.,           1285.<br />
+Louis X.,             1314.<br />
+Charles IV.           1322.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland</i>.
+Robert Bruce,         1306.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+EDWARD III.<br /> began his reign 25th Jan. 1327, ended 21st June, 1377.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+John XXII.,           1316.<br />
+Benedict XII.,        1334.<br />
+Clement VI.,          1342.<br />
+Innocent VI.,         1352.<br />
+Urban V.,             1362.<br />
+Gregory XI.,          1370.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Andronicus II.,       1283.<br />
+Andronicus III.,      1332.<br />
+John V.,              1341.<br />
+John VI.,             1355.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Frederic III.,        1314.<br />
+Louis IV.,            1330.<br />
+Edward Baliol,        1332.<br />
+David II. (again),    1342.<br />
+Charles IV.,          1347.<br />
+Robert II.,           1370.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Charles IV.,          1322.<br />
+Philip VI.,           1328.<br />
+John I.,              1355.<br />
+Charles V.,           1364.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Robert Bruce,         1306.<br />
+David II.,            1330.<br />
+Edward Baliol,        1332.<br />
+David II. (again),    1342.<br />
+Robert II.,           1370.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+RICHARD II.<br /> began his reign 21st June, 1377, ended 29th Sept. 1399.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Gregory XI.,          1370.<br />
+Urban VI.,            1378.<br />
+Boniface IX.,         1389.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+John VI.,             1355.<br />
+Emanuel II.,          1391.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Charles IV.,          1347.<br />
+Weneslaus,            1378.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Charles V.,           1364.<br />
+Charles VI.,          1380.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Robert II.,           1370.<br />
+Robert III.,          1390.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+(<i>House of Lancaster.</i>)
+</center>
+<br />
+<center>
+HENRY IV.<br /> began his reign 29th Sept. 1399, ended 20th March, 1413.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Boniface IX.,         1389.<br />
+Innocent VII.,        1404.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Weneslaus, 1378.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Popes</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Gregory XII.          1406.<br />
+Alexander V.          1409.<br />
+John XXIII.           1410.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of the East</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Emanuel II.,          1391.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Robert le Pet,        1400.<br />
+Sigismund,            1410.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Charles VI.,          1380.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Robert III.,          1390.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+HENRY V.<br /> began his reign 20th March, 1413, ended 31st August, 1422.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+John XXIII.           1410.<br />
+Martin V.,            1417.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of the East</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Emanuel II.,          1391.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of the West</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Sigismund,            1410.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Charles VI.,          1380.<br />
+Charles VII.          1422.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Robert III.,          1390.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+HENRY VI.<br /> began his reign 31st August, 1422, ended 4th March, 1461.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Martin V.,            1417.<br />
+Eugenius IV.          1431.<br />
+Nicholas V.,          1447.<br />
+Galixus III.          1455.<br />
+Pius II.,             1458.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Emanuel II.,          1391.<br />
+John VII.,            1426.<br />
+Constantine III.,
+last emperor        1448.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Sigismund,            1410.<br />
+Albert II.,           1438.<br />
+Frederic IV.,         1440.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Charles VII.          1422.<br />
+Louis XI.,            1440.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Robert III.,          1390.<br />
+James I.,             1424.<br />
+James II.,            1437.<br />
+James III.,           1440.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+(<i>House of York.</i>)
+</center>
+<br />
+<center>
+EDWARD IV.<br /> began his reign 4th March, 1461, ended 9th April, 1483.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Pius II.,             1458.<br />
+Paul II.,             1464.<br />
+Sixtus IV.,           1471.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of the West</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Frederic IV.,         1440.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Louis XI.,            1440.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+James III.,           1440.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+EDWARD V.<br /> began his reign 9th April, 1483, ended 22nd June, 1483.
+</center>
+<br />
+<center>
+Contemporaries as the last reign.
+</center>
+<hr />
+<center>
+RICHARD III.<br /> began his reign 22nd June, 1483, ended 22nd August, 1485.
+</center>
+<br />
+<center>
+Contemporaries again, as before.
+</center>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page166" name="page166"></a>[pg 166]</span>
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+(<i>Lancaster and York united.</i>)
+</center>
+<br />
+<center>
+HENRY VII.<br /> began his reign 22nd August, 1485, ended 22nd April, 1509.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Innocent VIII.,       1484.<br />
+Alexander VI.         1492.<br />
+Pius III.,            1593.<br />
+Julius II.,           1503.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of Germany.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Frederic IV.,         1440.<br />
+Maximilian I.         1493.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Charles VIII.         1485.<br />
+Louis XII.,           1498.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+James III.,           1460.<br />
+James IV.,            1489.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+HENRY VIII.<br /> began his reign 22nd April, 1509, ended 28th Jan. 1547.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Julius II.,           1503.<br />
+Leo X.,               1513.<br />
+Adrian VI.,           1521.<br />
+Clement VII.          1523.<br />
+Paul III.,            1534.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of Germany.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Maximilian I.         1493.<br />
+Charles V.,           1519.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Louis XII.,           1498.<br />
+Francis I.,           1515.<br />
+Henry II.,            1547.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+James IV.,            1489.<br />
+James V.,             1514.<br />
+Mary,                 1542.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+EDWARD VI.<br /> began his reign 28th Jan. 1547, ended 6th July, 1553.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Paul III.,            1534.<br />
+Julius III.,          1550.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of Germany.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Charles V.,           1519.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Henry II.,            1547.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Mary,                 1542.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+MARY<br /> began her reign 6th July, 1553, ended 17th Nov. 1558.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Julius III.,          1550.<br />
+Marcellus II.         1555.<br />
+Paul IV.,             1555.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of Germany.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Charles V.,           1519.<br />
+Ferdinand,            1556.
+</p>
+<center>
+And the other contemporary princes as in the last reign.
+</center>
+<hr />
+<center>
+ELIZABETH<br /> began her reign 17th Nov. 1558, ended 24th March, 1603.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Paul IV.,             1555.<br />
+Pius IV.,             1559.<br />
+Pius V.,              1565.<br />
+Gregory XIII.,        1572.<br />
+Sixtus V.,            1585.<br />
+Urban VII.,           1590.<br />
+Gregory XIV.,         1590.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of Germany.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Ferdinand I.,         1556.<br />
+Maximilian II.        1564.<br />
+Rodolphus II.         1576.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Henry II.,            1547.<br />
+Francis II.,          1559.<br />
+Charles IX.,          1560.<br />
+Henry III.,           1574.<br />
+Henry IV.,            1589.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Innocent IX.          1501.<br />
+Clement VIII.,        1592.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Mary,                 1542.<br />
+James VI.,            1567.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+<i>Union of the two crowns of England and Scotland.</i>
+</center>
+<br />
+<center>
+JAMES I.<br /> began his reign 24th March, 1603, ended 27th March, 1625.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Clement VIII.,        1592.<br />
+Leo IX.,              1605.<br />
+Paul III.,            1605.<br />
+Gregory XV.           1621.<br />
+Urban VIII.           1623.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of Germany.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Rodolphus II.         1576.<br />
+Matthias I.,          1612.<br />
+Ferdinand III.        1619.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Henry IV.,            1589.<br />
+Louis XIII.,          1610.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Spain &amp; Portugal.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Philip III.,          1507.<br />
+Philip IV.,           1620.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Denmark.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Christian IV.         1588.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Sweden.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Sigismund,            1592.<br />
+Charles IX.,          1606.<br />
+Gustavus II.          1611.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+CHARLES I.<br /> began his reign 27th March, 1625, beheaded 30th Jan. 1648.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Urban VIII.           1623.<br />
+Innocent X.,          1644.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of Germany.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Ferdinand II.         1619.<br />
+Ferdinand III.        1637.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Louis XIII.,          1610.<br />
+Louis XIV.,           1643.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Spain &amp; Portugal.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Philip IV.,           1620.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Portugal only.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+John IV.,             1640.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Denmark.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Christian IV.         1583.<br />
+Frederic III.         1648.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Sweden.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Gustavus II.          1611.<br />
+Christiana,           1633.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<center>
+The Inter-regnum and Usurpation under
+</center>
+<br />
+<center>
+OLIVER CROMWELL,<br /> from 30th Jan. 1648, to 29th May, 1660.
+</center>
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Innocent X.,          1644.<br />
+Alexander VII.,       1655.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of Germany.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Ferdinand III.,       1637.<br />
+Leopold I.,           1658.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Louis XIV.,           1643.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Spain.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Philip IV.,           1620.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Portugal.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+John IV.,             1640.<br />
+Alonzo VI.,           1656.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Denmark.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Frederic III.         1646.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Sweden.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Christiana,           1633.<br />
+Charles X.,           1653.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<p>
+<sup>*</sup><small>*</small><sup>*</sup> <i>The remainder of this very useful Tablet, which has been
+compiled by a Correspondent, expressly for our pages, will be found in
+the Supplement published with the present No.</i>
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page167" name="page167"></a>[pg 167]</span>
+</p>
+<h2>
+	THE ANECDOTE GALLERY.
+</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+ANECDOTES OF A DIANA MONKEY.
+</h3>
+<center>
+<i>By Mrs. Bowdich.</i>
+</center>
+<p>
+An old ship companion of mine was a native of the Gold Coast, and was of
+the Diana species. He had been purchased by the cook of the vessel in
+which I sailed from Africa, and was considered his exclusive property.
+Jack's place then was close to the cabooce; but as his education
+progressed, he was gradually allowed an increase of liberty, till at
+last he enjoyed the range of the whole ship, except the cabin. I had
+embarked with more than a mere womanly aversion to monkeys, it was
+absolute antipathy; and although I often laughed at Jack's freaks, still
+I kept out of his way, till a circumstance brought with it a closer
+acquaintance, and cured me of my dislike. Our latitude was three degrees
+south, and we only proceeded by occasional tornadoes, the intervals of
+which were filled up by dead calms and bright weather; when these
+occurred during the day, the helm was frequently lashed, and all the
+watch went below. On one of these occasions I was sitting alone on the
+deck, and reading intently, when, in an instant, something jumped upon
+my shoulders, twisted its tale round my neck, and screamed close to my
+ears. My immediate conviction that it was Jack scarcely relieved me: but
+there was no help; I dared not cry for assistance, because I was afraid
+of him, and dared not obey the next impulse, which was to thump him off,
+for the same reason, I therefore became civil from necessity, and from
+that moment Jack and I entered into an alliance. He gradually loosened
+his hold, looked at my face, examined my hands and rings with the most
+minute attention, and soon found the biscuit which lay by my side. When
+I liked him well enough to profit by his friendship, he became a
+constant source of amusement. Like all other nautical monkeys, he was
+fond of pulling off the men's caps as they slept, and throwing them into
+the sea; of knocking over the parrots' cages to drink the water as it
+trickled along the deck, regardless of the occasional gripe he received;
+of taking the dried herbs out of the tin mugs in which the men were
+making tea of them; of dexterously picking out the pieces of biscuit
+which were toasting between the bars of the grate; of stealing the
+carpenter's tools; in short, of teasing every thing and every body: but
+he was also a first-rate <i>equestrian</i>. Whenever the pigs were let
+out to take a run on deck, he took his station behind a cask, whence he
+leaped on the back of one of his steeds as it passed. Of course the
+speed was increased, and the nails he stuck in to keep himself on,
+produced a squeaking: but Jack was never thrown, and became so fond of
+the exercise, that he was obliged to be shut up whenever the pigs were
+at liberty. Confinement was the worst punishment he could receive, and
+whenever threatened with that, or any other, he would cling to me for
+protection. At night, when about to be sent to bed in an empty hencoop,
+he generally hid himself under my shawl, and at last never suffered any
+one but myself to put him to rest. He was particularly jealous of the
+other monkeys on board, who were all smaller than himself, and put two
+out of his way. The first feat of the kind was performed in my presence:
+he began by holding out his paw, and making a squeaking noise, which the
+other evidently considered as an invitation; the poor little thing
+crouched to him most humbly; but Jack seized him by the neck, hopped off
+to the side of the vessel, and threw him into the sea. We cast out a
+rope immediately, but the monkey was too frightened to cling to it, and
+we were going too fast to save him by any other means. Of course, Jack
+was flogged and scolded, at which he was very penitent; but the
+deceitful rogue, at the end of three days, sent another victim to the
+same destiny. But his spite against his own race was manifested at
+another time in a very original way. The men had been painting the
+ship's side with a streak of white, and upon being summoned to dinner,
+left their brushes and paint on deck. Unknown to Jack, I was seated
+behind the companion door, and saw the whole transaction; he called a
+little black monkey to him, who, like the others, immediately crouched
+to his superior, when he seized him by the nape of the neck with one
+paw, took the brush, dripping with paint, with the other, and covered
+him with white from head to foot. Both the man at the helm and myself
+burst into a laugh, upon which Jack dropped his victim, and scampered up
+the rigging. The unhappy little beast began licking himself, but I
+called the steward, who washed him so well with turpentine, that all
+injury was prevented; but during our bustle Jack was peeping with his
+black nose through the bars of the maintop, apparently enjoying the
+confusion. For three days he persisted in remaining aloft; no one could
+catch him, he darted with such rapidity from rope to rope; at length,
+impelled by hunger, he dropped unexpectedly from some height on my
+knees, as if for refuge, and as he had
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page168" name="page168"></a>[pg 168]</span>
+thus confided in me, I could not
+deliver him up to punishment.
+</p>
+<p>
+The only way in which I could control his tricks was by showing him to
+the panther on board, which excited his fears very strongly. I used to
+hold him up by his tail, and the instant he saw the panther he would
+become perfectly stiff, shut his eyes, and pretend to be dead. When I
+moved away, he would relax his limbs, and open one eye very cautiously;
+but if he caught a glimpse of the panther's cage, the eyes were quickly
+closed, and he resumed the rigidity of death. After four months' sojourn
+together, I quitted Jack off the Scilly Islands, and understood that I
+was very much regretted: he unceasingly watched for me in the morning,
+and searched for me in every direction, even venturing into the cabin;
+nor was he reconciled to my departure when my servants left the vessel
+at Gravesend.&mdash;<i>Mag. Natural History.</i>
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>
+	NOTES OF A READER.
+</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+COMPANION TO THE THEATRES.
+</h3>
+<p>
+It must be owned that such a <i>little book</i> as this has long been
+wanted; for of all writing, that relating to the stage is the most
+diffuse. It is scattered about in biography, criticism and anecdote, not
+unfrequently of great interest, but occupying so much "valuable" time,
+that to condense it, or to pick the wheat from the chaff, is no trifling
+task. So much for the amusement which our "Companion" may yield to the
+Londoner: his utility as a cicerone or guide will be more obvious to our
+country friends, who flock in thousands to see and hear comedy and
+tragedy at this play-going season. A young girl comes to town to see
+"the lions," and, with her "cousin," goes to the opera, where <i>one
+guinea</i> is paid for their admission, or even more if they be
+<i>installed</i>. Two Londoners would buy their tickets during the day,
+and thus pay but 17<i>s</i>. Another party are dying to hear Braham
+sing, or Paton warble her nightingale notes among the canvass groves and
+hollyhock gardens of Drury Lane and Covent Garden; or to sup on the
+frowning woes of tragedy, the intrigues of an interlude dished up as an
+<i>entremet</i>, or a melodrama for a ragout; or the wit and waggery of
+a farce, sweet and soft-flowing like a <i>petit-verre</i>, to finish the
+repast. They go, and between the acts try to count the wax and gas, the
+feet, and foot lights till they are purblind; they return home and dream
+of Desdemona, sing themselves to sleep with the notes of the last song,
+are haunted with the odd physiognomy of Liston, and repeat the
+farce-laugh till the dream is broken. Next day it is mighty pleasant to
+read how many hundred people the theatre will hold, how many pounds they
+all paid to get there; and how the splendid pile of Drury Lane rose on
+the area of a cockpit: and how Garrick played Macbeth in a court suit,
+and John Kemble enacted the sufferings of Hamlet in <i>powdered</i>
+hair. Upon all these subjects the Companion is conversant, although he
+does not set up for Sir Oracle, or shake his head like Burleigh. In
+short, he tells of "many things," from the cart of Thespis and the Roman
+theatres, with their 6,000 singers and dancers, to the companies on the
+present stages.
+</p>
+<p>
+Thus, we have the Origin of the Drama&mdash;Rise of the Drama in
+England&mdash;Early English Theatres&mdash;Descriptions of all the London
+Theatres&mdash;and a pleasant chapter on the Italian Opera. The Appendix
+contains pithy chronologies of the dramatists and actors, bygone and
+contemporary&mdash;origin of all the varieties of the drama&mdash;the topography
+of the stage and scenery, costume&mdash;expenses of the
+theatres&mdash;masquerades&mdash;play-bills and editions of plays, and a host of
+theatrical customs. In truth, the book is as full as the tail of a fine
+lobster, and will doubtless repay the time and research which its
+preparation must have occupied. There is also a, frontispiece of the
+fronts of the twelve London Theatres.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+ORNITHOLOGY.
+</h3>
+<p>
+Mr. James Jennings has favoured us with a copy of his <i>Ornithologia;
+or the Birds</i>, a poem; with copious <i>Notes;</i> &amp;c. The latter
+portion is to us the most interesting, especially as it contains an
+immense body of valuable research into the history and economy of birds,
+in a pleasant, piquant, anecdotical style, without any of the quaintness
+or crabbedness of scientific technicality. Mr. Jennings's volume is
+therefore well adapted for presentation to young persons; whilst the
+knowledge which it displays, entitles it to a much higher stand than a
+mere book of amusement. To illustrate what we have said in its praise,
+the reader will find in the <i>Supplement</i> to the present Number, two
+or three of the most attractive <i>Notes</i> under "THE NATURALIST,"
+which likewise contains <i>Three Engravings</i> of very curious subjects
+in other departments of Natural History.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+CONVERSATIONS ON GEOLOGY.
+</h3>
+<p>
+We have already spoken in favourable terms of this volume. It consists
+of 15 conversations of a family circle,
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page169" name="page169"></a>[pg 169]</span>
+comprising a familiar explanation
+of the Huttonian and Wernerian systems; the Mosaic geology, as explained
+by Penn; and the late discoveries of Buckland, Humboldt, Macculloch, and
+others. By way of specimen, we take a portion of a conversation which
+introduces the very interesting subject of the <i>formation of coal</i>:
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Edward</i>.&mdash;As the Huttonians evidently fail in proving coal to be
+produced by fusion, I hope the Wernerians may succeed better, for I
+should be sorry if so interesting a subject were left unexplained.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Mrs. R.</i>&mdash;To understand their account, it will be requisite for
+you to recollect the process of the formation of bogs and marshes, as it
+is from these that Werner derives coal. What I told you, also, of the
+change produced on wood by being long exposed to moisture and kept from
+contact with the air, will be of use here, as wood, in all stages of
+change, is often found in coal-fields, in the same way as in peat-bogs.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Edward</i>. That is a very strong circumstance in favour of the
+alleged origin.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Mrs. R</i>. There are some facts, indeed, connected with this, which
+prove this origin beyond question, as you will admit, when I tell you
+that specimens of wood are often found partly converted into coal and
+partly unchanged, or petrified by some other mineral.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Edward</i>. This will, at least, be direct proof that wood may be
+converted into coal.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Mrs. R</i>. One instance of this kind is mentioned by Brand, in his
+"History of Newcastle," as having been brought from Iceland, by Sir
+Joseph Banks. Dr. Rennie, in his "Essay on Peat Moss," gives a still
+stronger example. In the parish of Kilsyth, he tells us, there was
+found, in a solid bed of sandstone, the trunk of a tree in an erect
+position, the indentations of the bark and marks of the branches being
+in many parts of it still obvious. It rose from a bed of coal below the
+sandstone, and the roots which reached the coal, as well as the bark for
+an inch thick round the trunk, were completely converted into coal,
+while the centre consisted of sandstone. This specimen I have myself
+seen in the parsonage garden of Kilsyth, and this description is most
+accurate. Sir George Mackenzie lately found a specimen precisely
+similar, in the face of a sandstone rock in Lothian, and I have seen
+numerous specimens of bamboos and reeds in the sandstone quarries of
+Glasgow, with the bark converted into coal, and the centre filled with
+sandstone.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Edward</i>.&mdash;But would not this prove that sandstone, also, was
+derived from wood?
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Mrs. R.</i>&mdash;No: it would only prove that the centre had been
+destroyed and removed; for the sandstone is not chemically composed of
+vegetable substances, but the coal is.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Edward</i>&mdash;Still, I cannot conceive by what process the conversion
+is effected.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Mrs. R.</i> By a natural process, evidently; being a continuation of
+that which converts mosses and marshes into peat. Nay, it is supposed
+not to stop at the formation of coal, but, by a continuation of the
+causes, the coal becomes jet, and even amber. The eminent chemist,
+Fourcroy, in proof of this, mentions a specimen in which one end was
+wood, little changed, and the other pure jet; and Chaptal tells us, that
+at Montpellier there are dug up whole cart-loads of trees converted into
+jet, though the original forms are so perfectly preserved that he could
+often detect the species; and, among others, he mentions birch and
+walnut. What is even more remarkable, he found a wooden pail and a
+wooden shovel converted into pure jet.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Edward.</i> Then I suppose, from all these details, that coal might
+be formed artificially, by imitating the natural process.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Mrs. R.</i> Mr. Hatchett made many ingenious and successful
+experiments with this design, and Dr. Macculloch has more recently
+succeeded in actually making coal. One of the strongest instances of the
+process, is the existence of a great quantity of wood only half
+converted into coal, at Bovey, near Exeter; this has been much discussed
+by the geologists; but there is a bed of coal found at Locle, on the
+continent, which is said to have been formed almost within the memory of
+man, though I have not yet seen any good account of it.
+</p>
+<p>
+Altogether, we have been much gratified with these Conversations. As a
+hint, <i>en passant</i>, we remind the editor of such an oversight as
+that at p. 350-1, "Order in which the <i>strata lies</i> in the Paris
+basin."
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+THE IDLER.
+</h3>
+<p>
+There were many newspapers in the room, but there was nothing in them.
+There was a clock, but it did not seem to go; at least, so he thought,
+but after looking at it for a very long time he found it did go, but it
+went very slowly. Then he looked at his watch, and that went as slow as
+the clock. Then he took up the newspapers again one after the other very
+deliberately. He read the sporting intelligence and the fashionable
+news. But he did not read very attentively, as he afterwards discovered.
+Then he looked at the clock
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page170" name="page170"></a>[pg 170]</span>
+again, and was almost angry at the
+imperturbable monotony of its face. Then he took out his pocket-book to
+amuse himself by reading his memorandums, but they were very few, and
+very unintelligible. Then he rose up from his seat, and went to the
+window; and looked at the people in the street; he thought they looked
+very stupid, and wondered what they could all find to do with
+themselves. He looked at the carriages, and saw none with coronets,
+except now and then a hackney-coach. Then he began to pick his teeth,
+and that reminded him of eating; and then he rang the bell, which
+presently brought a waiter; and he took that opportunity of drawling out
+the word "waiter" in such lengthened tone, as if resolved to make one
+word last as long as possible.&mdash;<i>Rank and Talent</i>.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+THE BATTLE OF GIBEON.
+</h3>
+<center>
+VERSES ILLUSTRATIVE OF MARTIN S JOSHUA.
+</center>
+<p>
+"For every battle of the warrior is with confused noise and garments
+rolled in blood but this with burning and fuel of fire."&mdash;ISAIAH ix. 5.
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  From Gilgal's camp went forth, at dead of night,</p>
+<p class="i2">    The host of Israel: with the rising sun</p>
+           <p>  They stood arrayed against the Amorite,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Beneath the regal heights of Gibeon,</p>
+           <p>  Glorious in morning's splendour! Lebanon,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Dim in the distance, reared its lofty head;</p>
+           <p>  Light clouds o'erbung the vale of Ajalon,</p>
+<p class="i2">    And the Five Armies, by their monarchs led,</p>
+           <p>  Not to mere mortal fight, but conflict far more dread.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  How beautiful, at matin's early prime,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Valley, and mountain, and that city fair!</p>
+           <p>  Magnificent, yet fearfully sublime,</p>
+<p class="i2">    In few brief hours the scene depicted there!</p>
+           <p>  Below the battle raged, and high in air</p>
+<p class="i2">    The gathering clouds, with tempest in their womb,</p>
+           <p>  A supernatural darkness seem'd to wear;</p>
+<p class="i2">    As heralding, by their portentous gloom,</p>
+           <p>  Victory to Israel's host, her foes' impending doom!</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Upon a jutting crag, below the height</p>
+<p class="i2">    Where stands the royal city in its pride,</p>
+           <p>  The ark is rested! in the people's sight</p>
+<p class="i2">    The priests and Joshua standing by its side;</p>
+           <p>  Awhile the chief the sea of battle eyed,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Which heaved beneath:&mdash;in accents undismayed,</p>
+           <p>  "Sun, stand thou still on Gibeon!" he cried,</p>
+<p class="i2">    "And thou, O Moon, o'er Ajalon be stayed!"</p>
+           <p>  And holiest records tell the mandate was obeyed.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Look on the horrid conflict; mark the stream</p>
+<p class="i2">    Of lurid and unnatural light that falls,</p>
+           <p>  Like some wild meteors bright terrific gleam,</p>
+<p class="i2">    On Gibeon's steep and battlemented walls;</p>
+           <p>  Her royal palace, and her pillared halls,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Seeming more gorgeous in its vivid blaze!</p>
+           <p>  While o'er proud Lebanon the storm appals,</p>
+<p class="i2">    In jagged lines the arrowy lightning plays,</p>
+           <p>  Soften'd to Israel's sight by intervening haze.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  But o'er the Amoritish camp the cloud</p>
+<p class="i2">    Bursts in its fury! on the race abhorred</p>
+           <p>  The parting heavens, as from a pitchy shroud.</p>
+<p class="i2">    Their desolating hail-storm's wrath out-poured,</p>
+           <p>  More vengeful in its ire than Israel's sword!</p>
+<p class="i2">    Thus was deliverance unto Gibeon shown;</p>
+           <p>  And by the fearful battle of the Lord,</p>
+<p class="i2">    The army of the Amorites o'erthrown,</p>
+           <p>  And the almighty power of Israel's God made known.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Made known by marvels awfully sublime!</p>
+<p class="i2">    Yet far more glorious in the Christian's sight</p>
+           <p>  Than these stern terrors of the olden time,</p>
+<p class="i2">    The gentler splendours of that peaceful night,</p>
+           <p>  When opening clouds display'd, in vision bright,</p>
+<p class="i2">    The heavenly host to Bethlehem's shepherd train,</p>
+           <p>  Shedding around them more than cloudless light!</p>
+<p class="i2">    "Glory to God on high!" their opening strain,</p>
+           <p>  Its chorus, "Peace on earth!" its theme Messiah's reign!</p>
+</div></div>
+<h4>
+<i>Bernard Barton's New Year's Eve, &amp;c.</i>
+</h4>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+MAKING ACQUAINTANCE.
+</h3>
+<p>
+What could be more natural than for Mr. Jackson to say to Dr. Smith, "I
+am going to call on Markham?" And what could be more natural than for
+Dr. Smith to say, "I will go with you, and you may introduce me?" So
+then Markham's friend, Jackson, leaves his card, and Jackson's friend,
+Dr. Smith, leaves his card too.&mdash;<i>Rank and Talent.</i>
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+GENTLEMEN'S FASHIONS.
+</h3>
+<p>
+We read much of the luxurious effeminacy of the old Romans, their
+fantastically curled hair, their favourite robes, &amp;c.; but what will
+posterity think of some of the modes of puppyism in our times, when they
+read in a chronicle of fashion, dated 1829, that gentlemen wore elegant
+drab cloth opera manteaux lined with scarlet velvet, and confined at the
+collar with a gold chain! In another dress, the waistcoat is directed to
+be made of "a very beautiful white embroidered velvet;" "some young
+<i>men</i> have appeared at balls with blue dress gloves embroidered
+with white;" "the <i>system</i> of the cravat is to form the
+<i>organization</i> of linen on the breast," the very "march" of
+foppery; "cloaks of the gentlemen lined with plush silk of celestial
+blue;" "at balls our young exquisites sport pocket-handkerchiefs of fine
+lawn, with a hem as broad as their thumbs; the corners <i>only</i> are
+embroidered:" "shoes tied with a small <i>rosette</i>;" "a young
+gentleman now suffers his hair to grow, has it curled, and parted on the
+left side of the forehead," &amp;c. &amp;c.&mdash;This out-herods Herod.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+PICTURE OF LONDON.
+</h3>
+<p>
+A new edition of this very useful and attractive volume has just
+appeared, re-edited by Mr. Britton, who, by his extensive architectural
+knowledge, as well as by his popular style of imparting that knowledge,
+is calculated to produce a better "Picture of London" than any other
+writer within our acquaintance. The introduction is, of course, the most
+novel part of this edition, and as it enables Mr. Britton to embody much
+authentic information on the public works now in progress, we have
+abridged a few of these
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page171" name="page171"></a>[pg 171]</span>
+details, which will be found in a Supplement
+published with the present Number. The <i>Picture of London</i> was, we
+believe, first printed in 1806; and the extensive patronage which it has
+enjoyed during twenty-two years has been well deserved by its
+progressive completeness.
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>
+	THE SELECTOR;
+<br />
+AND
+<br />
+LITERARY NOTICES OF
+<br />
+<i>NEW WORKS.</i>
+</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+RANK AND TALENT.
+</h3>
+<center>
+<i>By the Author of Penelope, or Love's Labour Lost.</i>
+</center>
+<p>
+In our last volume we devoted nearly six of our columns to an outline of
+the predecessor of the present work, or the novel of <i>Penelope</i>. We
+there stated our opinion of the author's talents in a peculiar style of
+novel-writing&mdash;a sort of mixture of satire and fashion, without the
+starchness of the one, or the silly affectation of the other&mdash;abounding
+in well-drawn pictures of real life, free from caricature, and teeming
+with home-truths, in themselves of such plainness and ready application,
+as to make precept and example follow on with near approaches to
+probability and truth.
+</p>
+<p>
+The author's <i>forte</i> unquestionably lies in this species of
+writing, and his "<i>Rank and Talent</i>" will, we think, bear us out in
+this opinion. The story or canvass of the novel is simple, and well
+prepared for his sketches and finished portraits of character. They
+belong to fashionable and middle life, and the conceits and
+eccentricities, as well as the straightforward integrity of their
+stations are illustrated with peculiar force. Sound moral and knowledge
+of the world are occasionally introduced with great tact, for the author
+is no stranger to the inmost workings and recesses of the human heart;
+and he adapts these lessons, and dovetails them with the narrative, in a
+clever and agreeable style.
+</p>
+<p>
+The outline of the story may be briefly told. The Hon. Philip Martindale
+has an action brought against him, at the assizes, for the false
+imprisonment of one Richard Smith, as a poacher; although the object of
+the defendant was a beautiful girl residing with the defendant. Clara
+Rivolta is rudely cross-examined as a witness; whilst the plaintiff's
+case is conducted by Horatio Markham, an intelligent young barrister,
+whose parents reside in the town where the action is tried. The cousin
+of the defendant, Mr. John Martindale, an eccentric old gentleman who
+builds an abbey for his titled relative to occupy, whilst he himself
+lives in a cottage on the estate; seeks an acquaintance with Markham.
+These parties reside at Brigland, and Philip Martindale, a dissipated
+lover of the turf, who is dependent on his capricious cousin for his
+supplies; and Horatio Markham, the hero, are thus introduced. Then we
+have a country curate of the higher order, together with his loquacious
+<i>half</i>; which are excellent portraits.
+</p>
+<p>
+John Martindale is one of those eccentric beings&mdash;half-aristocrat, and
+half-liberal, which are more rare in society than they were fifty years
+since; and upon this curious compound turns the narrative. Clara Rivolta
+and her mother, Signora Rivolta, the wife of Colonel R. quit their
+native Italy, and visit Brigland, where old Martindale, on the
+discovery, acknowledges the Signora as the fruit of an early imprudence
+on the continent, and finally leaves them a large fortune. Clara is
+married to Markham, and Philip Martindale, afterwards Earl of
+Trimmerstone, marries a gay, giddy girl, who elopes with a perfumed
+puppy of the first fragrance.
+</p>
+<p>
+The round of the earl's dissipation is but a sorry picture of the
+prostitution of rank; but the connexion leads us into a succession of
+scenes of fashionable life, which are vividly drawn, as are two or three
+of their adjuncts,&mdash;a popular west-end preacher, an anti-nervous
+physician, the dandy already mentioned, a noble gambler, and a rich city
+knight and his aspiring family&mdash;all of which are to the life.
+</p>
+<p>
+Our extracts must be detached from the narrative; but they may serve to
+illustrate the felicitous vein in which the characters are drawn.
+</p>
+<p>
+The means by which Signora Rivolta is discovered by Martindale, is well
+managed. One morning after the old gentleman had been amusing his
+visiters with some Italian views, Mr. Denver, the curate, introduced to
+Mr. Martindale with great parade Colonel Rivolta, whom he described as
+having recently made his escape from the continent, where he was exposed
+to persecution, if not to death, on account of his political opinions.
+The reverend gentleman then proceeded to state, that the colonel had
+previously to his own arrival in England sent over his wife and
+daughter, whom he had committed to the care of Richard Smith; that with
+them he had also transmitted some property, which old Richard had
+invested for their use and benefit; that unfortunately the very first
+night of the colonel's arrival at
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page172" name="page172"></a>[pg 172]</span>
+Brigland, the cottage in which Richard
+Smith dwelt had been robbed by a gipsy; that in consequence of that
+event the poor old man had been so seriously alarmed, that he had been
+totally unable to attend to any thing, and that he had died, leaving
+this poor foreigner in a strange land not knowing how to proceed as to
+the recovery of his little property. After an interview, in which
+Martindale promises the colonel his assistance, the latter was rising to
+take leave, when his eye was arrested by a print which Mr. Martindale
+held in his hand, and which he had unrolled while he was talking. As
+soon as the colonel saw the picture, he recognised the scene which it
+represented, and uttered an ejaculation, indicative of surprise and
+pleasure. Mr. Martindale then, for the first time, observed the print,
+and noticed its subject; he also looked upon it with surprise, but not
+with pleasure; and then he asked the stranger if that scene were
+familiar to him, with very great emotion the colonel replied:&mdash;"That
+scene brings to my recollection the happiest day of my life."
+</p>
+<p>
+For a few seconds the party were totally silent; for the clergyman and
+the foreigner were struck dumb with astonishment at the altered looks of
+the old gentleman, and were surprised to see him crushing the picture
+in both hands. He then, as if with an effort of great resolution,
+exclaimed:&mdash;"And it brings to my recollection the most miserable day
+of my life."
+</p>
+<hr />
+<p>
+The agitation of the old gentleman abated, and he replied: "I thank you
+for your kindness, sir, but my sorrow arises from self-reproach. I have
+inflicted injuries which can never be redressed." He hesitated, as if
+wishing, but dreading to say more. Then changing the tone of his voice,
+as if he were about to speak on some totally different subject, he
+continued addressing himself to Colonel Rivolta:&mdash;"I presume, sir, you
+are a native of Genoa, or you are very familiar with that city." "I was
+born," replied the foreigner, "at Naples; but very early in life I was
+removed to Genoa, that I might be engaged in merchandize; for my
+patrimony was very small, and my relations would have despised me, had I
+endeavoured by any occupation to gain a livelihood in my native city."
+"Then you were not originally destined for the army?" "I was not; but
+after I had been some few years in Genoa, I began to grow weary of the
+pursuits of merchandize, and indeed to feel some of that pride of which
+I had accused my relations, and I thought that I should be satisfied
+with very little if I might be free from the occupation of the merchant;
+and while I was so thinking, I met by chance an old acquaintance who
+persuaded me to undertake the profession of arms, to which I was indeed
+not reluctant. And so I left my merchandise, and did not see Genoa again
+for nearly two years. It was then that I was so much interested in that
+scene which the picture portrays; for in a very small house which is in
+the same street, directly opposite to that palace, there lived an old
+woman, whose name was &mdash;&mdash;"
+</p>
+<p>
+The attention of the old gentleman had been powerfully arrested by the
+commencement of the Italian's narrative; and he listened very calmly
+till the narrator arrived at the point when he was about to mention the
+name of the old woman who lived opposite to the palace in question: then
+was Mr. Martindale again excited, and without waiting for the conclusion
+of the sentence, interrupted it by exclaiming: "Ah! what! do you know
+that old woman? Is she living? Where is she?&mdash;Stop&mdash;no&mdash;let me
+see&mdash;impossible!&mdash;Why I must be nearly seventy&mdash;yes&mdash;are you sure? Is
+not her name Bianchi?"
+</p>
+<p>
+To this hurried and confused mass of interrogation, the colonel replied
+that her name was Bianchi; but that she had died nearly twenty years
+ago, at a very advanced age, being at the time of her death nearly
+ninety years of age. Hearing this, the old gentleman assumed a great
+calmness and composure of manner, though he trembled as if in an ague;
+and turning to the astonished clergyman, who was pleasing himself with
+the anticipation of some catastrophe or anecdote which might form a fine
+subject for town-talk, he very deliberately said:&mdash;"Mr. Denver, I beg I
+may not intrude any longer on your valuable time. This gentleman, I
+find, can give me some account of an old acquaintance of mine. The
+inquiries may not be interesting to you. Make my best compliments to
+Mrs. Denver."
+</p>
+<p>
+When this good man was withdrawn, Mr. Martindale requested the stranger
+to be seated; and unmindful of the guests whom he had left to amuse
+themselves and each other, he commenced very deliberately to examine the
+foreigner concerning those matters which had so strongly excited his
+feelings.
+</p>
+<p>
+"You tell me," said Mr. Martindale, "that the old woman, Bianchi, has
+been dead nearly twenty years. Now, my good friend, can you inform me
+how long you were acquainted with this old woman before her death."
+"I knew her," replied the colonel, "only for about four years
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page173" name="page173"></a>[pg 173]</span>
+before
+she died." "And had you much intimacy with her, so as to hear her
+talk about former days." "Very often indeed," replied the foreigner,
+"did she talk about the past; for as her age was very great, and her
+memory was very good, it was great interest to hear her tell of ancient
+things; and she was a woman of most excellent understanding, and very
+benevolent in her disposition. Indeed, I can say that I loved the old
+woman much, very much indeed. I was sorry at her death." "But tell me,"
+said Mr. Martindale, impatiently, "did you ever hear her say any thing
+of an infant&mdash;an orphan that was committed to her care nearly forty
+years ago?" At this question, the eyes of the stranger brightened, and
+his face was overspread with a smile of delight, when he replied: "Oh
+yes, much indeed, much indeed! that orphan is my wife,"
+</p>
+<p>
+This rapidity of explanation was almost too much for the old gentleman's
+feelings. His limbs had been trembling with the agitation arising from
+thus reverting to days and events long passed; and he had entertained
+some hope from the language of the foreigner, that he might gain some
+intelligence concerning one that had been forgotten, but whose image was
+again revived in his memory. He had thought but lightly in the days of
+his youth of that which he then called folly, but more seriously in the
+days of his age of that same conduct which then he called vice. It would
+have been happiness to his soul, could an opportunity have been afforded
+him of making something like amends to the representatives of the
+injured, even though the injured had been long asleep in the grave. When
+all at once, therefore, the intelligence burst upon him, that one was
+living in whom he possessed an interest, and over whose destiny he
+should have watched, but whom he had neglected and forgotten, he felt
+his soul melt within him; and well it was for him that he found relief
+in tears. Surprised beyond measure was Colonel Rivolta, when he observed
+the effect produced on Mr. Martindale, and heard the old gentleman say
+with trembling voice:&mdash;"And that orphan, sir, is my daughter." He paused
+for a minute or two, and his companion was too much astonished and
+interested to interrupt him: recovering himself, he continued: "For many
+years after that child was born, I had not the means of making any other
+provision for it than placing it under the care of the old woman of whom
+we have been speaking. I gave her such compensation as my circumstances
+then allowed; and as the mother died soon after the birth of the infant,
+I thought myself freed from all farther responsibility when I had made
+provision for the infant. I endeavoured, indeed, to forget the event
+altogether; and as I wished to form a respectable connexion in marriage,
+I took especial care to conceal this transgression. However, various
+circumstances prevented me from time to time from entering into the
+married state; and having within the last twelve years come into the
+possession of larger property than I had ever anticipated, it occurred
+to me that there should be living at Genoa a child of mine, then indeed
+long past childhood. I wrote to Genoa, and had no answer; I went to
+Genoa, and could find no trace either of my child or of the old woman to
+whose care I had entrusted her; and I was grieved not so much for the
+loss of my child, as for the lack of an opportunity of making some
+amends for my crime. I am delighted to hear that she lives. To-morrow I
+will see her."
+</p>
+<p>
+Upon this interesting disclosure hinge the principal incidents. In the
+course of these are some admirable pleasantries; especially a
+horse-race, and the description of Trimmerstone, in vol. i.; and the
+clerical prig, and a slight sketch of the dangle Tippetson, in vol. ii.
+</p>
+<p>
+The Earl of Trimmerstone's portrait, after old Martindale's death is
+well drawn:
+</p>
+<p>
+The Earl of Trimmerstone was depressed in spirits; it is indeed very
+natural that he should be. The life which he had led, the companions
+with whom he had associated, the disappointments which he had
+experienced, his foolish marriage, the disgraceful conduct of his silly
+countess, the taunts and reproaches of his opulent relative, the
+weariness and disgust that he felt in having nothing to do, and the
+annoyance of an empty title, which merely mocked him with the epithet of
+right honourable, all these things combined to render him almost
+disgusted with, and weary of life. His solitude was soon invaded by a
+visit from the Rev. Marmaduke Sprout, rector of Trimmerstone, who was
+rather fanatical in his theology, and finical in attire and address. He
+could presently render himself agreeable to any person of exalted rank
+by his very courteous and conciliating demeanour; and he possessed a
+peculiar softness and gentleness of manner, with which indeed the Earl
+of Trimmerstone would, in his past days of cock-fighting, horse-racing,
+and boxing, have been thoroughly disgusted. But his lordship was quite
+an altered man. Formerly, the lowest pursuits under the name of sport or
+fancy had been agreeable to his lordship; and
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page174" name="page174"></a>[pg 174]</span>
+every species of religious sentiment he had regarded with the
+profoundest contempt and the most unmingled abhorrence. But now he was
+sick, and weary of all these things! and because one extreme was purely
+offensive and wearisome, he took it for granted that the opposite must
+be truly delightful and highly consistent, and so under the tuition of
+Mr. Sprout, he changed and reversed all his habits, good, bad, and
+indifferent. From staking thousands at a horse-race, he turned up his
+eyes at the grievous abomination of half-crown whist; and, indeed, had
+he been disposed to card-playing, he could not have indulged himself at
+Trimmerstone, for Mr. Sprout had banished almost all card-playing from
+the place, so that there was not a pack of cards in the parish, except
+two or three mutilated well-thumbed packs of quadrille-cards, which were
+still used by a knot of antiquated spinsters worthy of the good old days
+of Sacheverel and High Church. Quadrille-cards will not do for whist,
+for all the eights, nines, and tens are thrown out. Formerly, Lord
+Trimmerstone used to be proud of giving some of his acquaintance a
+sumptuous dinner; but now he had changed all that, and he only kept one
+female cook, who could just manage to make a comfortable and snug little
+dish or two for his lordship's own self, occasionally assisted by the
+Rev. Mr. Sprout. Formerly, his lordship had been disposed to be lively,
+and oftentimes facetious; but now he was prodigiously grave, and almost
+sulky. Formerly, his lordship never went to church; now he went twice
+every Sunday, and said Amen as loud as the clerk, and with much more
+solemnity, for the clerk did not turn up his eyes for fear of losing the
+place. Formerly, his lordship had been very candid; now he had become
+exceedingly censorious, and he seemed to measure his religion by the
+severity with which he reproved transgressors. His lordship several
+times attempted to make all the inhabitants of Trimmerstone go to church
+twice every Sunday, except his own cook. But in this his lordship could
+not succeed, and indeed it was well for him that he could not; for if
+he had, the church would have been so crowded that he could not have
+enjoyed a great, large, lined, stuffed, padded, carpeted pew for
+himself.
+</p>
+<p>
+In another portion of the MIRROR we have quoted half a dozen of the
+author's amenities just to show the reader that in depicting the follies
+of fashionable life, there is less fiddle-faddle&mdash;less <i>rank</i> than
+<i>talent</i>&mdash;and more sense than in many other chronicles of the ton.
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>
+	SPIRIT OF THE
+<br />
+Public Journals.
+</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+MAXIMS OF JOHN BULLISM.
+</h3>
+<p>
+When you travel in a stage-coach, make all the passengers, both inside
+and outside, fully acquainted with your name, business, and objects in
+travelling, before five minutes have elapsed. Among the rest, be sure
+you give them to think you are a man of property, and the personal
+friend of at least half-a-dozen nobles or members of parliament. If in
+trade, inform them you have something very handsome in the three per
+cents., and live on terms of perfect familiarity with the great Jew.
+</p>
+<p>
+Honesty is the best and most profitable policy in the long run, but
+there are a thousand exceptions to this rule in private practice.
+</p>
+<p>
+Do no charity by stealth; it is never repaid in this world to any
+advantage; do it openly, and there are chances of its returning cent per
+cent.
+</p>
+<p>
+You may keep a running horse, or two, though you are a magistrate sworn
+to put down gambling: you need not bet upon the race-course yourself.
+You may subscribe to Fishmongers' Hall, and go there without throwing
+the dice. You may share the profits of a <i>roulette</i> table, without
+venturing your luck. It is strange that vulgar understandings cannot
+discriminate in these matters!
+</p>
+<p>
+When you have made up your mind finally to do any thing, ask the advice
+of your friend about it. The act of consultation will please him, and
+you will be none the worse.
+</p>
+<p>
+Human happiness is more or less complete in a ratio with successful
+pecuniary accumulation.
+</p>
+<p>
+If you enter a drawing-room before dinner a little time too early, and
+find yourself <i>vis-à-vis</i> with an unlucky visiter as forlorn as
+yourself, do not utter a word. The chances are, nine out of ten, he will
+not speak first, that is, if he be a true Briton. Stare at him as hard
+as you can.
+</p>
+<p>
+If you meet a lady in society, old or young, married or single, who
+equals you in argument, or rises superior to the thousand and one
+automatons disgorged monthly from fashionable boarding-schools, report
+her a <i>bas bleu</i> to your male acquaintances, and warn her own sex
+to shun her.
+</p>
+<p>
+When you meet an inferior in a public street, it is your duty to cut
+him, if any one who knows you is in sight. If you cannot escape a
+recognition, do it with as little parade as possible&mdash;a movement of the
+lips is sufficient&mdash;and walk on at a
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page175" name="page175"></a>[pg 175]</span>
+quick rate. Who knows but the Lord
+Mayor, or Mr. Alderman Blowbladder, may observe you?
+</p>
+<p>
+A grain of impudence will fetch more in the market than twelve bushels
+of modesty.
+</p>
+<p>
+In the scale of dignities two Cheapside chaises make one Stanhope; two
+Stanhopes a cab; two cabs a landaulet and pair; and so on up to the
+state-coach; and as their numerical relation, so is the degree of
+respect they may justly exact.
+</p>
+<p>
+If you visit foreign parts, and meet a countryman who may be useful to
+you, do not hesitate to avail yourself of his services; but be sure
+never to acknowledge him should you meet in your native land, unless he
+receive some other introduction to you, and you have it on creditable
+evidence that he is a man of good property.
+</p>
+<p>
+Never allow reason weight in any thing you have resolved to be right
+that is opposed to it. Reason may be useful in mathematics, to men of
+genius, and to scholars; but it has little to do with every-day
+existence, with the Three per Cents, the national revenue, the Stock
+Exchange, or the India House.
+</p>
+<p>
+Never get acquainted with your next-door neighbour, unless you find he
+is in good pecuniary circumstances. If you meet on the highway, or touch
+elbows at your respective fore-doors, look at each other like two
+strange tom-cats, and pursue your way.
+</p>
+<p>
+Commiserate the fate of a Thurtell, a Probert, or a Corder, sent
+(ripened for heaven in a forty-eight hours' probation by a Newgate
+chaplain) out of the world their hellish acts have so sullied; but
+sympathise not with a Riego or a Canaris. Heroic vice was always
+spiriting; heroic virtue is phlegmatic. John Bull's constitution is only
+acted upon by strong excitement.
+</p>
+<p>
+When you dine with the Lord Mayor, or any of the Aldermen of Brobdignag,
+and they attempt to exhibit their skill at repartee, be sure decide the
+wealthiest to be the wittiest. It will insure you a good dinner another
+time, perhaps something more.
+</p>
+<p>
+In choosing a wife, prefer even Bristol ugliness to beauty, especially
+if there be a fortune. Beauty will change, intellect may be too much for
+you, but ugliness will be true to you as to itself; besides its
+advantage of preserving you from the effects of conjugal frailty.
+</p>
+<p>
+A judge's wig is a Delphic mystery, whether brains be in it or not. It
+is a of sublunary wisdom&mdash;an umbrella over an oracle.
+</p>
+<p>
+When you dine at a public dinner, always take your seat opposite a
+favourite dish. Carve it yourself, and select the choicest bits, then
+leave it to your right-hand neighbour to help the rest of the company.
+</p>
+<p>
+Always stick your napkin in your button-hole at the dinner table, if you
+admit such French superfluities at all. Eat with the sharp edge of your
+knife towards your mouth; forks won't take up gravy. Never wipe your
+lips when you take wine with a lady, and fill both her glass and your
+own until daylight is not visible through the crystal.
+</p>
+<p>
+When Mrs. Bull is obstreperous, go to the coffee-house and call for your
+glass. It is an excellent cure for her complaint, and you will get the
+latest news retailed in the most engaging manner, with the pleasure of
+knowing she is biting her lips at home in vexation.
+</p>
+<p>
+Never hold any intercourse with people of whom the world speaks ill.
+'Tis true they may be, and generally are, among the very best of
+mankind, but as they are not reputed to be so, what is that to you?
+</p>
+<p>
+Some persons cant about the wickedness of the times: believe them not;
+this is the most saintly of ages, the most pure of generations,
+considering its temptations.
+</p>
+<p>
+Vice at the east and west end of town, is different only in form; in
+substance it comes to the same thing, and in quality is equal to a
+grain.
+</p>
+<p>
+Never leave a dispute to be settled by arbitration; if you are rich,
+always appeal to law, especially if your opponent be poor. The lawyers
+will manage for you long before the case gets up to the Lords, and
+perhaps secure your rival <i>in banco regis</i> for expenses. In an
+arbitration, the case may be decided against you in a twinkling. It is a
+capital thing that justice and a long purse are sworn brothers; besides,
+moneyed men should have some advantage in society.
+</p>
+<p>
+So little is the value of an oath understood by any but the Bull family,
+that none but the postboys and the vulgar use oaths in foreign nations,
+America excepted; but that country being a chip of the old block,
+already rivals honest John; outdo him she must not.
+</p>
+<p>
+Lard your butter, wet your tobacco, pipe-clay your flour, sand your
+sugar, sloe-leaf your tea, coal-ash your pepper, deteriorate your drugs,
+water your liquors, alloy your gold and silver, plunder your lodgers,
+and, while none know it, who is the worse! Then to church, and thank God
+you are not as other men.
+</p>
+<p>
+Live and talk as if you were to live for ever. If you have accumulated
+tens
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page176" name="page176"></a>[pg 176]</span>
+of thousands, try and make them hundreds of thousands. Why should
+you retire and make way for the industry of others, while you are able
+to treasure up more.
+</p>
+<p>
+Give credit, take credit, live upon credit; if you are wealthy, your own
+money will be gathering interest at the same time. If you are poor, you
+have no other means to live by.
+</p>
+<p>
+In matters of business, let there be no favour. If you are dealing with
+your own father, give nothing to him. Screw the uttermost farthing, and,
+if need, sell him.
+</p>
+<p>
+Give only to receive.
+</p>
+<p>
+Men of genius are fools; the truly great men know how to make money, and
+money is power&mdash;the power of making more money. Your men of genius are
+at best but harlequins with empty pockets.&mdash;<i>New Monthly Magazine.</i>
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>
+	THE GATHERER.
+</h2>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.</p>
+<p class="i2" style="text-align: right;">      SHAKSPEARE.</p>
+</div></div>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+THE OPERA.
+</h3>
+<p>
+Swift, in his Journal to Stella, speaking of the Opera says, "In half an
+hour I was tired of their <i>fine stuff</i>."
+</p>
+<hr />
+<p>
+FAUSTINA and CUZZONI, two celebrated opera singers, were such bitter
+rivals, that neither of them would sing in the same room with the other.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+CATS.
+</h3>
+<p>
+Four learned cats are now exhibiting in Regent-street; but as we have
+not yet left our card with their feline excellencies, we cannot wink at
+their perfections.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+SHERWOOD AND ROBIN HOOD.
+</h3>
+<p>
+The officers of Sherwood Forest, famous for having been the
+head-quarters of Robin Hood in the 16th century, were a warden, his
+lieutenant and steward, a bow-bearer, and a ranger, four verderers,
+twelve regarders, four agisters, and twelve keepers or foresters, all
+under a chief forester; besides these there were several woodwards for
+every township within the forest, and one for every principal wood.
+</p>
+<h4>
+HALBERT H.
+</h4>
+<hr />
+<p>
+The late Duke of Norfolk passing down Piccadilly with Sheridan, as a
+gigantic wooden Highlander was just then fixing at the door of a
+tobacconist, asked, what was the reason of this usual location. "Ay, ay,
+I see it now," said the duke, "it is as much as to say, bargains here, a
+man may get the most for his farthing." "No," said Sheridan, "it seems
+quite the contrary, for if the Scotchman could have driven any thing in
+the way of bargain, he would have gone in."
+</p>
+<hr />
+<p>
+A Mrs. Tomlinson is mentioned in the papers as having, lately died,
+worth thirty thousand pounds, chiefly amassed by habits of extreme
+penury. She had, before this accumulation, separated from her husband,
+to whom she handsomely allowed five shillings a-week. This was observed
+to realize the often-repeated saying of Solomon&mdash;"A virtuous woman is a
+<i>crown</i> to her husband."
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+SUGAR MADE FROM RAGS.
+</h3>
+<p>
+The compiler of a Catechism of Chemistry up to the latest date, says,
+"It is a remarkable fact, that a pound of rags may be converted into
+more than a pound of sugar, merely by the action of sulphuric acid. When
+shreds of linen are triturated (stirred) in a glass mortar with
+sulphuric acid, they yield a gummy matter on evaporation; and if this
+matter be boiled for some time with dilute sulphuric acid, we obtain a
+crystallizable sugar."&mdash;Now is the time to look up all your old rags,
+&amp;c.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<p>
+A choral society, consisting of 160 members, has just been established
+at Breslau, for the cultivation of ancient music.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+JOHN OF GAUNT.
+</h3>
+<p>
+There is a curious tradition respecting the estate of Sutton Park, (the
+seat of Sir J. Burgoyne.) near Biggleswade, Bedfordshire, which states
+it formerly belonged to John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, who gave it to
+an ancestor of the present proprietor, named Roger Burgoyne, by the
+following laconic grant:&mdash;
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  I, John of Gaunt,</p>
+           <p>  Do give and do grant</p>
+           <p>  To Roger Burgoyne,</p>
+           <p>  And the heirs of his loin,</p>
+           <p>  Both Sutton and Potton,<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a></p>
+           <p>  Until the world's rotten.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+There is also a moated site in the park, called "John of Gaunt's Castle."
+</p>
+<h4>
+J.H.
+</h4>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>
+With the present Number is published a SUPPLEMENT, containing THREE
+ENGRAVINGS: 1. <i>The Death-Watch</i>. 2. <i>The Glow-Worm</i>. 3.
+<i>The Talipot Tree</i>, and a series of other curious and attractive
+Wonders of Nature&mdash;The First and Last Crime, a vivid and masterly
+sketch&mdash;Public Improvements now in progress in London&mdash;besides an
+unusual variety of Literary Novelties.
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>
+<i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD 143, Strand, (near Somerset
+House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and
+by all Newsmen and Booksellers</i>.
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a>
+<b>Footnote 1</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+<p>An account of the original <i>instigator</i> of the Crusades
+will be found in vol. viii. of the MIRROR, page 232.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a>
+<b>Footnote 2</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+<p>The Turks generally show some regard to real piety and valour.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a>
+<b>Footnote 3</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+<p>A neighbouring village.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, No. 360, by Various
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, No. 360, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, No. 360
+       Vol. XIII. No. 360, Saturday, March 14, 1829
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: October 5, 2004 [EBook #13644]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION
+
+VOL. XIII. NO. 360.] SATURDAY, MARCH 14, 1829. [PRICE 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Grand Entrance to Hyde Park.
+
+[Illustration: _Frieze_.]
+
+
+
+
+GRAND ENTRANCE TO HYDE PARK.
+
+The great Lord Burleigh says, "A realm gaineth more by one year's peace
+than by ten years' war;" and the architectural triumphs which are rising
+in every quarter of the metropolis are strong confirmation of this
+maxim.
+
+One of these triumphs is represented in the annexed engraving, viz. the
+grand entrance to Hyde Park, erected from the designs of Decimus Burton,
+Esq. It consists of a screen of handsome fluted Ionic columns, with
+three carriage entrance archways, two foot entrances, a lodge, &c. The
+extent of the whole frontage is about 107 feet. The central entrance
+has a bold projection: the entablature is supported by four columns;
+and the volutes of the capitals of the outside column on each side
+of the gateway are formed in an angular direction, so as to exhibit two
+complete faces to view. The two side gateways, in their elevations,
+present two insulated Ionic columns, flanked by antae. All these
+entrances are finished by a blocking, the sides of the central one being
+decorated with a beautiful frieze, representing a naval and military
+triumphal procession, which our artist has copied and represented in
+distinct engravings. This frieze was designed by Mr. Henning, jun., son
+of Mr. Henning, so well known for his admirable models of the Elgin
+marbles. It possesses great classical merit, and the model was exhibited
+last season in the sculpture-room of the Suffolk-street Gallery.
+
+The _gates_ were manufactured by Messrs. Bramah. They are of iron,
+bronzed, and fixed or hung to the piers by rings of gun-metal. The
+design consists of a beautiful arrangement of the Greek honeysuckle
+ornament; the parts being well defined, and the raffles of the leaves
+brought out in a most extraordinary manner. The hanging of the gates is
+also very ingenious.
+
+Mr. Soane's proposed entrances to Piccadilly and St. James's and Hyde
+Parks, are generally considered superior to those that have been
+adopted. The park entrances were to consist of two triumphal arches
+connected with each other by a colonnade and arches stretching across
+Piccadilly. The same ingenious architect likewise designed a new palace
+at the top of Constitution Hill, from which to the House of Lords the
+King should pass Buckingham House, Carlton House, a splendid Waterloo
+and Trafalgar monument, a fine triumphal arch, the Privy Council Office,
+Board of Trade, and the new law courts.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+LINES
+
+_On the origin of the application of the name of the "Fleur de
+Souvenance," (modern "Forget-me-not,") to the Myosotis Scorpiodis._
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+  A gallant knight and a lady bright
+    Walk'd by a crystal lake;
+  The twin'd oaks made a grateful shade
+    Above the fangled brake,
+  While the trembling leaves of aspen trees
+    A murmuring music make.
+
+  And as they spoke, round them echoes woke
+    To tales of love and glory;
+  The knight was brave, though of love the slave,
+    And the dame lov'd gallant story--
+  Proudly he told deeds gentle and bold,
+    Of warriors dead or hoary.
+
+  Like babe at rest on its mother's breast,
+    On that an island lay--
+  So still and fair reigned Nature there--
+    So bright the glist'ring spray,
+  You might have thought the scene had been wrought
+    By spell of faun or fay.
+
+  On the island's edge, midst tangled sedge,
+    Lay a wreath of wild flow'rs blue--
+  The broad flag-leaf was their sweet relief,
+    When the heat too fervid grew;
+  And the willow's shade a shelter made,
+    When stormy tempests blew.
+
+  And as they stood, the faithful flood
+    Gave back ev'ry line and trace
+  Of earth below and heaven above,
+    And their own forms gallant grace--
+  For forms more fair than that lovely pair
+    Ne'er shone on its liquid face.
+
+  "I would a flower from that bright bower
+    Some nymph would waft to me--
+  For in my eyes a dearer prize
+    Than glitt'ring gem 'twould be--
+  For its changeless blue seems emblem true
+    Of love's own constancy."
+
+  The maiden spake, and no more the lake
+    In slumb'ring stillness lay,
+  For from the side of his destin'd bride
+    The knight has pass'd away;
+  In vain the maid's soft words essay'd
+    His rash pursuit to stay.
+
+  He has reach'd the tower, and pluck'd the flower.
+    And turn'd from the verdant spot.
+  Ah, hapless knight! some Naiad bright
+    Woo'd thee to her coral grot;
+  And forbids that more to touch that shore
+    Shall ever be thy lot.
+
+  Vainly he tried to gain the side,
+    Where knelt his lady-love;
+  Flagg'd every limb, his eyes grew dim,
+    But still the spirit strove.
+  One effort more--he flings to shore
+    The flow'r so dear to prove.
+  'Tis past! 'tis past! that look his last,
+    That fond sad glance of love
+  The bubbling wave his farewell gave
+    In the moan, "Forget me not."
+
+D.A.H
+
+
+The above incident occurred in the time of Edward IV.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HAVER BREAD.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror._)
+
+
+In the MIRROR, No. 358, the article headed "Memorable Days," the writer,
+in that part of which the _Avver Bread_ is treated of, says it is
+made of oats leavened and kneaded into a large, thin, round cake, which
+is placed upon a girdle over the fire; adding, that he is totally at a
+loss for a definition of the word Avver; that he has sometimes thought
+avver, means oaten; which I think, correct, it being very likely a
+corruption of the French, avoine, oats; introduced among many others,
+into the Scottish language, during the great intimacy which formerly
+existed between France and Scotland; in which latter country a great
+many words were introduced from the former, which are still in use; such
+as gabart, a large boat, or lighter, from the French gabarre; bawbee,
+baspiece, a small copper coin; vennell, a lane, or narrow street, which
+still retains its original pronunciation and meaning. Enfiler la vennel;
+a common figurative expression for running away is still in use in
+France. Apropos of vennell, Dr. Stoddard, in a "Pedestrian Tour through
+the Land of Cakes," when a young man, says he could not trace its
+meaning in any language, (I speak from memory) also made the same
+observation where I was; being at that time on intimate terms with the
+doctor, I pointed out to him its derivation from the Latin into the
+French, and thence, probably, into the Scotch; the embryo L.L.D. stared,
+and seemed chagrined, at receiving such information from a
+
+CREOLE.
+
+P.S. In no part of Great Britain, I believe, is oaten bread so much used
+as in Scotland; from whence the term, "The Land of Cakes is derived." In
+some parts of France, _Pain d'avoine_ has been in use in my time.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EPITOME OF THE CRUSADES.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+The first Crusade[1] to the Holy Land was undertaken by numerous
+Christian princes, who gained Jerusalem after it had been in possession
+of the Saracens four hundred and nine years. Godfrey, of Boulogne, was
+then chosen king by his companions in arms; but he had not long enjoyed
+his new dignity, before he had occasion to march out against a great
+army of Turks and Saracens, whom he overthrew, and killed one hundred
+thousand of their men, besides taking much spoil. Shortly after this
+victory, a pestilence happened, of which multitudes died; and the
+contagion reaching Godfrey, the first Christian King of Jerusalem,
+he also expired, on the 18th of July, 1100, having scarcely reigned
+a full year.
+
+Godfrey's successors, the Baldwins, defeated the Turks in many
+engagements. In the reign of Baldwin III., however, the Christians lost
+Edessa, a circumstance which affected Pope Eugenius III. to such a
+degree, that he prevailed on Conrad III., Emperor of Germany, to relieve
+his brethren in Syria. In the year 1146, therefore, Conrad marched
+through Greece, and soon afterwards encountered the Turkish army, which
+he routed; he then proceeded to Iconium, the principal seat of the Turks
+in Lesser Asia; but, for want of provisions and health, was compelled
+to relinquish his design of taking that city, and to return home. Much
+about the same period, Lewis VIII., of France, made an expedition to
+the Holy Land, but was wholly unsuccessful in his attempts against the
+enemy. Notwithstanding these failures, King Baldwin, relying on his
+own strength, gained possession of Askalon, and defeated the Turks in
+numerous actions. Previous to his death, which was caused by poison,
+in 1163, he was the victorious sovereign of Jerusalem and the greatest
+part of Syria.
+
+During the reign of Baldwin IV., Saladin, Sultan of Egypt, invaded
+Palestine, and took several towns, notwithstanding the valour of
+the Christians. In the succeeding reign of King Guy, however, the
+Christians, still unfortunate, received a _decisive blow_, which
+tended to the decline of their independence in the Holy Land; for, among
+other places of importance, Saladin made a capture of Jerusalem, and
+took its king prisoner. When the conqueror entered the holy city, he
+profaned every sacred place, save the Temple of the Sepulchre, (which
+the Christians redeemed with an immense sum of money,) and drove the
+Latin Christians from their abodes, who were only allowed to carry what
+they could hastily collect on their backs, either to Tripoly, Antioch,
+or Tyre, the only three places which then remained in the Christians'
+possession. All the monuments were demolished, except those of our
+Saviour, King Godfrey, and Baldwin I.[2] The city was yielded to the
+captors on the 2nd of October, 1187, after the Christians had possessed
+it about eighty-nine years.
+
+These calamitous transactions in Palestine greatly alarmed all Europe,
+and several princes speedily resolved to oppose the career of the
+oppressors, and to leave no means untried of regaining the kingdom of
+Jerusalem. In furtherance of this design, the Emperor Frederic marched
+into Palestine with a powerful army, and defeated the Turks near
+Melitena; he afterwards met them near Comogena, where he also routed
+them, but was unhappily killed in the action. Some time after this,
+King Philip, of France, and Richard I., of England, engaged in a crusade
+for the relief of the Christians. Philip arrived first, and proceeded
+to Ptolemais, which King Guy, having obtained his liberty, was then
+besieging. King Richard, in his passage, was driven with his fleet upon
+the coast of Cyprus, but was not permitted to land; this so highly
+offended him, that he landed his whole army by force, and soon over-ran
+the island. He was at length opposed by the king of Cyprus, whom he took
+prisoner, and carried in chains to Ptolemais, where he was welcomed with
+great rejoicings by the besiegers, who stood in much need of assistance.
+It would he superfluous to relate here the particulars of the siege; let
+it suffice to say, that after a general assault had been given, a breach
+was made, so that the assailants were enabled to enter the city, which
+Saladin surrendered to them upon articles, on the 12th of July, 1191.
+King Richard here obtained the title of _Coeur de Lion_, for having
+taken down Duke Leopold's standard, that was first fixed in the breach,
+and placed his own in its stead.
+
+After the taking of Ptolemais, King Philip and many other princes
+returned home, leaving King Richard in Palestine to prosecute the war in
+concert with Guy, whom Richard, in a short time afterwards, persuaded to
+accept of the crown of Cyprus, in lieu of his pretences to Jerusalem.
+By these crafty means, Richard caused himself to be proclaimed King of
+Jerusalem; but while he was preparing to besiege that city, he received
+news that the French were about to invade England. He was therefore
+compelled to conclude a peace with Saladin, not very advantageous to
+Christendom, and to return to Europe. But meeting with bad weather, he
+was driven on the coast of Histria; and, while endeavouring to travel
+through the country in the habit of a templar, was taken prisoner
+by Duke Leopold, of Austria, who became his enemy at the siege of
+Ptolemais. The duke sold him for forty thousand pounds to the emperor,
+Henry VI., who soon afterwards had a hundred thousand pounds for his
+ransom.
+
+About the same period, Sultan Saladin, the most formidable enemy the
+Christians ever encountered, died; an event which caused Pope Celestine
+to prevail on the emperor, Henry VI., of Germany, to make a new
+expedition against the Turks, who were in consequence defeated; but
+the emperor's general, the Duke of Saxony, being killed, and the
+emperor himself dying soon afterwards, the Germans returned home
+without accomplishing the object of their expedition. They had no sooner
+departed than the Turks, in revenge, nearly drove the Christians from
+the Holy Land, and took all the strong towns which the Crusaders had
+gained, excepting Tyre and Ptolemais. In 1199, a fleet was fitted out
+at the instigation of Pope Innocent III. against the infidels. On this
+occasion, the Christians, notwithstanding their strenuous exertions,
+failed of taking Jerusalem, though several other important places were
+delivered to them.
+
+In the year 1228, Frederic, Emperor of Germany, set out from Brundusium
+to Palestine, took Jerusalem, which the enemy had left in a desolate
+condition, and caused himself to be proclaimed king. But, after this
+conquest, he was obliged to return to his own country, where his
+presence was required. The Turks immediately assembled a prodigious army
+for regaining the Holy City, which they ultimately took, putting the
+German garrison to the sword, in the year 1234; since which time, the
+Christian powers, weary of these useless expeditions, have made no
+considerable effort to possess it.
+
+The Christians were entirely driven from Palestine and Syria in the year
+1291, about one hundred and ninety-two years after the capture of
+Jerusalem by Godfrey of Boulogne.
+
+G.W.N.
+
+    [1] An account of the original _instigator_ of the Crusades
+        will be found in vol. viii. of the MIRROR, page 232.
+
+    [2] The Turks generally show some regard to real piety and valour.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SHAKSPEARE.--A FRAGMENT.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+  The empty passions of the angry world,
+  The loves of heroes, the despair of maids,
+  The rage of kings, of beggars and of slaves,
+  Shakspeare alone attun'd to song.--The rest essay'd.
+  Laureate of bards! thyself unsung
+  Would stamp us reckless.
+
+CYMBELINE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+REGAL TABLET.
+
+(_Continued from page 111._)
+
+
+EDWARD II. began his reign 7th July, 1307, ended 25th Jan. 1327.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Clement V.,           1305.
+John XXII.,           1316.
+
+_Emperor of the East._
+
+Andronicus II.,       1283.
+
+_Emperors of the West_.
+
+Albert I.,            1278.
+Henry VII.,           1308.
+Frederic III.,        1314.
+
+_France_.
+Philip IV.,           1285.
+Louis X.,             1314.
+Charles IV.           1322.
+
+_Scotland_.
+Robert Bruce,         1306.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EDWARD III. began his reign 25th Jan. 1327, ended 21st June, 1377.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+John XXII.,           1316.
+Benedict XII.,        1334.
+Clement VI.,          1342.
+Innocent VI.,         1352.
+Urban V.,             1362.
+Gregory XI.,          1370.
+
+_Emperors of the East_.
+
+Andronicus II.,       1283.
+Andronicus III.,      1332.
+John V.,              1341.
+John VI.,             1355.
+
+_Emperors of the West_.
+
+Frederic III.,        1314.
+Louis IV.,            1330.
+Edward Baliol,        1332.
+David II. (again),    1342.
+Charles IV.,          1347.
+Robert II.,           1370.
+
+_France_.
+
+Charles IV.,          1322.
+Philip VI.,           1328.
+John I.,              1355.
+Charles V.,           1364.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+Robert Bruce,         1306.
+David II.,            1330.
+Edward Baliol,        1332.
+David II. (again),    1342.
+Robert II.,           1370.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RICHARD II. began his reign 21st June, 1377, ended 29th Sept. 1399.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Gregory XI.,          1370.
+Urban VI.,            1378.
+Boniface IX.,         1389.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+John VI.,             1355.
+Emanuel II.,          1391.
+
+_Emperors of the West_.
+
+Charles IV.,          1347.
+Weneslaus,            1378.
+
+_France_.
+
+Charles V.,           1364.
+Charles VI.,          1380.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+Robert II.,           1370.
+Robert III.,          1390.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+(_House of Lancaster._)
+
+HENRY IV. began his reign 29th Sept. 1399, ended 20th March, 1413.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Boniface IX.,         1389.
+Innocent VII.,        1404.
+
+_Emperors of the West_.
+
+Weneslaus, 1378.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Gregory XII.          1406.
+Alexander V.          1409.
+John XXIII.           1410.
+
+_Emperor of the East_.
+
+Emanuel II.,          1391.
+
+_Emperors of the West_.
+
+Robert le Pet,        1400.
+Sigismund,            1410.
+
+_France_.
+
+Charles VI.,          1380.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+Robert III.,          1390.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HENRY V. began his reign 20th March, 1413, ended 31st August, 1422.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+John XXIII.           1410.
+Martin V.,            1417.
+
+_Emperor of the East_.
+
+Emanuel II.,          1391.
+
+_Emperor of the West_.
+
+Sigismund,            1410.
+
+_France_.
+
+Charles VI.,          1380.
+Charles VII.          1422.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+Robert III.,          1390.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HENRY VI. began his reign 31st August, 1422, ended 4th March, 1461.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Martin V.,            1417.
+Eugenius IV.          1431.
+Nicholas V.,          1447.
+Galixus III.          1455.
+Pius II.,             1458.
+
+_Emperors of the East_.
+
+Emanuel II.,          1391.
+John VII.,            1426.
+Constantine III.,
+  last emperor        1448.
+
+_Emperors of the West_.
+
+Sigismund,            1410.
+Albert II.,           1438.
+Frederic IV.,         1440.
+
+_France_.
+
+Charles VII.          1422.
+Louis XI.,            1440.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+Robert III.,          1390.
+James I.,             1424.
+James II.,            1437.
+James III.,           1440.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+(_House of York._)
+
+EDWARD IV. began his reign 4th March, 1461, ended 9th April, 1483.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Pius II.,             1458.
+Paul II.,             1464.
+Sixtus IV.,           1471.
+
+_Emperor of the West_.
+
+Frederic IV.,         1440.
+
+_France_.
+
+Louis XI.,            1440.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+James III.,           1440.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EDWARD V. began his reign 9th April, 1483, ended 22nd June, 1483.
+
+Contemporaries as the last reign.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RICHARD III. began his reign 22nd June, 1483, ended 22nd August, 1485.
+
+Contemporaries again, as before.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+(_Lancaster and York united._)
+
+HENRY VII. began his reign 22nd August, 1485, ended 22nd April, 1509.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Innocent VIII.,       1484.
+Alexander VI.         1492.
+Pius III.,            1593.
+Julius II.,           1503.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Frederic IV.,         1440.
+Maximilian I.         1493.
+
+_France._
+
+Charles VIII.         1485.
+Louis XII.,           1498.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+James III.,           1460.
+James IV.,            1489.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HENRY VIII. began his reign 22nd April, 1509, ended 28th Jan. 1547.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Julius II.,           1503.
+Leo X.,               1513.
+Adrian VI.,           1521.
+Clement VII.          1523.
+Paul III.,            1534.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Maximilian I.         1493.
+Charles V.,           1519.
+
+_France._
+
+Louis XII.,           1498.
+Francis I.,           1515.
+Henry II.,            1547.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+James IV.,            1489.
+James V.,             1514.
+Mary,                 1542.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EDWARD VI. began his reign 28th Jan. 1547, ended 6th July, 1553.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Paul III.,            1534.
+Julius III.,          1550.
+
+_Emperor of Germany._
+
+Charles V.,           1519.
+
+_France._
+
+Henry II.,            1547.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+Mary,                 1542.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MARY began her reign 6th July, 1553, ended 17th Nov. 1558.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Julius III.,          1550.
+Marcellus II.         1555.
+Paul IV.,             1555.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Charles V.,           1519.
+Ferdinand,            1556.
+
+And the other contemporary princes as in the last reign.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ELIZABETH began her reign 17th Nov. 1558, ended 24th March, 1603.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Paul IV.,             1555.
+Pius IV.,             1559.
+Pius V.,              1565.
+Gregory XIII.,        1572.
+Sixtus V.,            1585.
+Urban VII.,           1590.
+Gregory XIV.,         1590.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Ferdinand I.,         1556.
+Maximilian II.        1564.
+Rodolphus II.         1576.
+
+_France._
+
+Henry II.,            1547.
+Francis II.,          1559.
+Charles IX.,          1560.
+Henry III.,           1574.
+Henry IV.,            1589.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Innocent IX.          1501.
+Clement VIII.,        1592.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+Mary,                 1542.
+James VI.,            1567.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Union of the two crowns of England and Scotland._
+
+JAMES I. began his reign 24th March, 1603, ended 27th March, 1625.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Clement VIII.,        1592.
+Leo IX.,              1605.
+Paul III.,            1605.
+Gregory XV.           1621.
+Urban VIII.           1623.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Rodolphus II.         1576.
+Matthias I.,          1612.
+Ferdinand III.        1619.
+
+_France._
+
+Henry IV.,            1589.
+Louis XIII.,          1610.
+
+_Spain & Portugal._
+
+Philip III.,          1507.
+Philip IV.,           1620.
+
+_Denmark._
+
+Christian IV.         1588.
+
+_Sweden._
+
+Sigismund,            1592.
+Charles IX.,          1606.
+Gustavus II.          1611.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHARLES I. began his reign 27th March, 1625, beheaded 30th Jan. 1648.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Urban VIII.           1623.
+Innocent X.,          1644.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Ferdinand II.         1619.
+Ferdinand III.        1637.
+
+_France._
+
+Louis XIII.,          1610.
+Louis XIV.,           1643.
+
+_Spain & Portugal._
+
+Philip IV.,           1620.
+
+_Portugal only._
+
+John IV.,             1640.
+
+_Denmark._
+
+Christian IV.         1583.
+Frederic III.         1648.
+
+_Sweden._
+
+Gustavus II.          1611.
+Christiana,           1633.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Inter-regnum and Usurpation under
+
+OLIVER CROMWELL, from 30th Jan. 1648, to 29th May, 1660.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Innocent X.,          1644.
+Alexander VII.,       1655.
+
+_Emperors of Germany._
+
+Ferdinand III.,       1637.
+Leopold I.,           1658.
+
+_France._
+
+Louis XIV.,           1643.
+
+_Spain._
+
+Philip IV.,           1620.
+
+_Portugal._
+
+John IV.,             1640.
+Alonzo VI.,           1656.
+
+_Denmark._
+
+Frederic III.         1646.
+
+_Sweden._
+
+Christiana,           1633.
+Charles X.,           1653.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_The remainder of this very useful Tablet, which has been compiled
+by a Correspondent, expressly for our pages, will be found in the
+Supplement published with the present No._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE ANECDOTE GALLERY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANECDOTES OF A DIANA MONKEY.
+
+_By Mrs. Bowdich._
+
+
+An old ship companion of mine was a native of the Gold Coast, and was of
+the Diana species. He had been purchased by the cook of the vessel in
+which I sailed from Africa, and was considered his exclusive property.
+Jack's place then was close to the cabooce; but as his education
+progressed, he was gradually allowed an increase of liberty, till at
+last he enjoyed the range of the whole ship, except the cabin. I had
+embarked with more than a mere womanly aversion to monkeys, it was
+absolute antipathy; and although I often laughed at Jack's freaks, still
+I kept out of his way, till a circumstance brought with it a closer
+acquaintance, and cured me of my dislike. Our latitude was three degrees
+south, and we only proceeded by occasional tornadoes, the intervals of
+which were filled up by dead calms and bright weather; when these
+occurred during the day, the helm was frequently lashed, and all the
+watch went below. On one of these occasions I was sitting alone on the
+deck, and reading intently, when, in an instant, something jumped upon
+my shoulders, twisted its tale round my neck, and screamed close to my
+ears. My immediate conviction that it was Jack scarcely relieved me: but
+there was no help; I dared not cry for assistance, because I was afraid
+of him, and dared not obey the next impulse, which was to thump him off,
+for the same reason, I therefore became civil from necessity, and from
+that moment Jack and I entered into an alliance. He gradually loosened
+his hold, looked at my face, examined my hands and rings with the most
+minute attention, and soon found the biscuit which lay by my side. When
+I liked him well enough to profit by his friendship, he became a
+constant source of amusement. Like all other nautical monkeys, he was
+fond of pulling off the men's caps as they slept, and throwing them into
+the sea; of knocking over the parrots' cages to drink the water as it
+trickled along the deck, regardless of the occasional gripe he received;
+of taking the dried herbs out of the tin mugs in which the men were
+making tea of them; of dexterously picking out the pieces of biscuit
+which were toasting between the bars of the grate; of stealing the
+carpenter's tools; in short, of teasing every thing and every body: but
+he was also a first-rate _equestrian_. Whenever the pigs were let
+out to take a run on deck, he took his station behind a cask, whence he
+leaped on the back of one of his steeds as it passed. Of course the
+speed was increased, and the nails he stuck in to keep himself on,
+produced a squeaking: but Jack was never thrown, and became so fond of
+the exercise, that he was obliged to be shut up whenever the pigs were
+at liberty. Confinement was the worst punishment he could receive, and
+whenever threatened with that, or any other, he would cling to me for
+protection. At night, when about to be sent to bed in an empty hencoop,
+he generally hid himself under my shawl, and at last never suffered any
+one but myself to put him to rest. He was particularly jealous of the
+other monkeys on board, who were all smaller than himself, and put two
+out of his way. The first feat of the kind was performed in my presence:
+he began by holding out his paw, and making a squeaking noise, which the
+other evidently considered as an invitation; the poor little thing
+crouched to him most humbly; but Jack seized him by the neck, hopped off
+to the side of the vessel, and threw him into the sea. We cast out a
+rope immediately, but the monkey was too frightened to cling to it, and
+we were going too fast to save him by any other means. Of course, Jack
+was flogged and scolded, at which he was very penitent; but the
+deceitful rogue, at the end of three days, sent another victim to the
+same destiny. But his spite against his own race was manifested at
+another time in a very original way. The men had been painting the
+ship's side with a streak of white, and upon being summoned to dinner,
+left their brushes and paint on deck. Unknown to Jack, I was seated
+behind the companion door, and saw the whole transaction; he called a
+little black monkey to him, who, like the others, immediately crouched
+to his superior, when he seized him by the nape of the neck with one
+paw, took the brush, dripping with paint, with the other, and covered
+him with white from head to foot. Both the man at the helm and myself
+burst into a laugh, upon which Jack dropped his victim, and scampered up
+the rigging. The unhappy little beast began licking himself, but I
+called the steward, who washed him so well with turpentine, that all
+injury was prevented; but during our bustle Jack was peeping with his
+black nose through the bars of the maintop, apparently enjoying the
+confusion. For three days he persisted in remaining aloft; no one could
+catch him, he darted with such rapidity from rope to rope; at length,
+impelled by hunger, he dropped unexpectedly from some height on my
+knees, as if for refuge, and as he had thus confided in me, I could not
+deliver him up to punishment.
+
+The only way in which I could control his tricks was by showing him to
+the panther on board, which excited his fears very strongly. I used to
+hold him up by his tail, and the instant he saw the panther he would
+become perfectly stiff, shut his eyes, and pretend to be dead. When I
+moved away, he would relax his limbs, and open one eye very cautiously;
+but if he caught a glimpse of the panther's cage, the eyes were quickly
+closed, and he resumed the rigidity of death. After four months' sojourn
+together, I quitted Jack off the Scilly Islands, and understood that I
+was very much regretted: he unceasingly watched for me in the morning,
+and searched for me in every direction, even venturing into the cabin;
+nor was he reconciled to my departure when my servants left the vessel
+at Gravesend.--_Mag. Natural History._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+COMPANION TO THE THEATRES.
+
+
+It must be owned that such a _little book_ as this has long been
+wanted; for of all writing, that relating to the stage is the most
+diffuse. It is scattered about in biography, criticism and anecdote, not
+unfrequently of great interest, but occupying so much "valuable" time,
+that to condense it, or to pick the wheat from the chaff, is no trifling
+task. So much for the amusement which our "Companion" may yield to the
+Londoner: his utility as a cicerone or guide will be more obvious to our
+country friends, who flock in thousands to see and hear comedy and
+tragedy at this play-going season. A young girl comes to town to see
+"the lions," and, with her "cousin," goes to the opera, where _one
+guinea_ is paid for their admission, or even more if they be
+_installed_. Two Londoners would buy their tickets during the day,
+and thus pay but 17_s_. Another party are dying to hear Braham
+sing, or Paton warble her nightingale notes among the canvass groves and
+hollyhock gardens of Drury Lane and Covent Garden; or to sup on the
+frowning woes of tragedy, the intrigues of an interlude dished up as an
+_entremet_, or a melodrama for a ragout; or the wit and waggery of
+a farce, sweet and soft-flowing like a _petit-verre_, to finish the
+repast. They go, and between the acts try to count the wax and gas, the
+feet, and foot lights till they are purblind; they return home and dream
+of Desdemona, sing themselves to sleep with the notes of the last song,
+are haunted with the odd physiognomy of Liston, and repeat the
+farce-laugh till the dream is broken. Next day it is mighty pleasant to
+read how many hundred people the theatre will hold, how many pounds they
+all paid to get there; and how the splendid pile of Drury Lane rose on
+the area of a cockpit: and how Garrick played Macbeth in a court suit,
+and John Kemble enacted the sufferings of Hamlet in _powdered_
+hair. Upon all these subjects the Companion is conversant, although he
+does not set up for Sir Oracle, or shake his head like Burleigh. In
+short, he tells of "many things," from the cart of Thespis and the Roman
+theatres, with their 6,000 singers and dancers, to the companies on the
+present stages.
+
+Thus, we have the Origin of the Drama--Rise of the Drama in
+England--Early English Theatres--Descriptions of all the London
+Theatres--and a pleasant chapter on the Italian Opera. The Appendix
+contains pithy chronologies of the dramatists and actors, bygone
+and contemporary--origin of all the varieties of the drama--the
+topography of the stage and scenery, costume--expenses of the
+theatres--masquerades--play-bills and editions of plays, and a host
+of theatrical customs. In truth, the book is as full as the tail of a
+fine lobster, and will doubtless repay the time and research which its
+preparation must have occupied. There is also a, frontispiece of the
+fronts of the twelve London Theatres.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ORNITHOLOGY.
+
+Mr. James Jennings has favoured us with a copy of his _Ornithologia;
+or the Birds_, a poem; with copious _Notes;_ &c. The latter
+portion is to us the most interesting, especially as it contains an
+immense body of valuable research into the history and economy of birds,
+in a pleasant, piquant, anecdotical style, without any of the quaintness
+or crabbedness of scientific technicality. Mr. Jennings's volume is
+therefore well adapted for presentation to young persons; whilst the
+knowledge which it displays, entitles it to a much higher stand than a
+mere book of amusement. To illustrate what we have said in its praise,
+the reader will find in the _Supplement_ to the present Number, two
+or three of the most attractive _Notes_ under "THE NATURALIST,"
+which likewise contains _Three Engravings_ of very curious subjects
+in other departments of Natural History.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONVERSATIONS ON GEOLOGY.
+
+We have already spoken in favourable terms of this volume. It consists
+of 15 conversations of a family circle, comprising a familiar explanation
+of the Huttonian and Wernerian systems; the Mosaic geology, as explained
+by Penn; and the late discoveries of Buckland, Humboldt, Macculloch, and
+others. By way of specimen, we take a portion of a conversation which
+introduces the very interesting subject of the _formation of coal_:
+
+_Edward_.--As the Huttonians evidently fail in proving coal to be
+produced by fusion, I hope the Wernerians may succeed better, for I
+should be sorry if so interesting a subject were left unexplained.
+
+_Mrs. R._--To understand their account, it will be requisite for
+you to recollect the process of the formation of bogs and marshes, as it
+is from these that Werner derives coal. What I told you, also, of the
+change produced on wood by being long exposed to moisture and kept from
+contact with the air, will be of use here, as wood, in all stages of
+change, is often found in coal-fields, in the same way as in peat-bogs.
+
+_Edward_. That is a very strong circumstance in favour of the
+alleged origin.
+
+_Mrs. R_. There are some facts, indeed, connected with this, which
+prove this origin beyond question, as you will admit, when I tell you
+that specimens of wood are often found partly converted into coal and
+partly unchanged, or petrified by some other mineral.
+
+_Edward_. This will, at least, be direct proof that wood may be
+converted into coal.
+
+_Mrs. R_. One instance of this kind is mentioned by Brand, in his
+"History of Newcastle," as having been brought from Iceland, by Sir
+Joseph Banks. Dr. Rennie, in his "Essay on Peat Moss," gives a still
+stronger example. In the parish of Kilsyth, he tells us, there was
+found, in a solid bed of sandstone, the trunk of a tree in an erect
+position, the indentations of the bark and marks of the branches being
+in many parts of it still obvious. It rose from a bed of coal below the
+sandstone, and the roots which reached the coal, as well as the bark for
+an inch thick round the trunk, were completely converted into coal,
+while the centre consisted of sandstone. This specimen I have myself
+seen in the parsonage garden of Kilsyth, and this description is most
+accurate. Sir George Mackenzie lately found a specimen precisely
+similar, in the face of a sandstone rock in Lothian, and I have seen
+numerous specimens of bamboos and reeds in the sandstone quarries of
+Glasgow, with the bark converted into coal, and the centre filled with
+sandstone.
+
+_Edward_.--But would not this prove that sandstone, also, was
+derived from wood?
+
+_Mrs. R._--No: it would only prove that the centre had been
+destroyed and removed; for the sandstone is not chemically composed of
+vegetable substances, but the coal is.
+
+_Edward_--Still, I cannot conceive by what process the conversion
+is effected.
+
+_Mrs. R._ By a natural process, evidently; being a continuation of
+that which converts mosses and marshes into peat. Nay, it is supposed
+not to stop at the formation of coal, but, by a continuation of the
+causes, the coal becomes jet, and even amber. The eminent chemist,
+Fourcroy, in proof of this, mentions a specimen in which one end was
+wood, little changed, and the other pure jet; and Chaptal tells us, that
+at Montpellier there are dug up whole cart-loads of trees converted into
+jet, though the original forms are so perfectly preserved that he could
+often detect the species; and, among others, he mentions birch and
+walnut. What is even more remarkable, he found a wooden pail and a
+wooden shovel converted into pure jet.
+
+_Edward._ Then I suppose, from all these details, that coal might
+be formed artificially, by imitating the natural process.
+
+_Mrs. R._ Mr. Hatchett made many ingenious and successful
+experiments with this design, and Dr. Macculloch has more recently
+succeeded in actually making coal. One of the strongest instances of the
+process, is the existence of a great quantity of wood only half
+converted into coal, at Bovey, near Exeter; this has been much discussed
+by the geologists; but there is a bed of coal found at Locle, on the
+continent, which is said to have been formed almost within the memory of
+man, though I have not yet seen any good account of it.
+
+Altogether, we have been much gratified with these Conversations. As a
+hint, _en passant_, we remind the editor of such an oversight as
+that at p. 350-1, "Order in which the _strata lies_ in the Paris
+basin."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE IDLER.
+
+There were many newspapers in the room, but there was nothing in them.
+There was a clock, but it did not seem to go; at least, so he thought,
+but after looking at it for a very long time he found it did go, but it
+went very slowly. Then he looked at his watch, and that went as slow as
+the clock. Then he took up the newspapers again one after the other very
+deliberately. He read the sporting intelligence and the fashionable
+news. But he did not read very attentively, as he afterwards discovered.
+Then he looked at the clock again, and was almost angry at the
+imperturbable monotony of its face. Then he took out his pocket-book to
+amuse himself by reading his memorandums, but they were very few, and
+very unintelligible. Then he rose up from his seat, and went to the
+window; and looked at the people in the street; he thought they looked
+very stupid, and wondered what they could all find to do with
+themselves. He looked at the carriages, and saw none with coronets,
+except now and then a hackney-coach. Then he began to pick his teeth,
+and that reminded him of eating; and then he rang the bell, which
+presently brought a waiter; and he took that opportunity of drawling out
+the word "waiter" in such lengthened tone, as if resolved to make one
+word last as long as possible.--_Rank and Talent_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF GIBEON.
+
+VERSES ILLUSTRATIVE OF MARTIN S JOSHUA.
+
+
+"For every battle of the warrior is with confused noise and garments
+rolled in blood but this with burning and fuel of fire."--ISAIAH ix. 5.
+
+
+  From Gilgal's camp went forth, at dead of night,
+    The host of Israel: with the rising sun
+  They stood arrayed against the Amorite,
+    Beneath the regal heights of Gibeon,
+  Glorious in morning's splendour! Lebanon,
+    Dim in the distance, reared its lofty head;
+  Light clouds o'erbung the vale of Ajalon,
+    And the Five Armies, by their monarchs led,
+  Not to mere mortal fight, but conflict far more dread.
+
+  How beautiful, at matin's early prime,
+    Valley, and mountain, and that city fair!
+  Magnificent, yet fearfully sublime,
+    In few brief hours the scene depicted there!
+  Below the battle raged, and high in air
+    The gathering clouds, with tempest in their womb,
+  A supernatural darkness seem'd to wear;
+    As heralding, by their portentous gloom,
+  Victory to Israel's host, her foes' impending doom!
+
+  Upon a jutting crag, below the height
+    Where stands the royal city in its pride,
+  The ark is rested! in the people's sight
+    The priests and Joshua standing by its side;
+  Awhile the chief the sea of battle eyed,
+    Which heaved beneath:--in accents undismayed,
+  "Sun, stand thou still on Gibeon!" he cried,
+    "And thou, O Moon, o'er Ajalon be stayed!"
+  And holiest records tell the mandate was obeyed.
+
+  Look on the horrid conflict; mark the stream
+    Of lurid and unnatural light that falls,
+  Like some wild meteors bright terrific gleam,
+    On Gibeon's steep and battlemented walls;
+  Her royal palace, and her pillared halls,
+    Seeming more gorgeous in its vivid blaze!
+  While o'er proud Lebanon the storm appals,
+    In jagged lines the arrowy lightning plays,
+  Soften'd to Israel's sight by intervening haze.
+
+  But o'er the Amoritish camp the cloud
+    Bursts in its fury! on the race abhorred
+  The parting heavens, as from a pitchy shroud.
+    Their desolating hail-storm's wrath out-poured,
+  More vengeful in its ire than Israel's sword!
+    Thus was deliverance unto Gibeon shown;
+  And by the fearful battle of the Lord,
+    The army of the Amorites o'erthrown,
+  And the almighty power of Israel's God made known.
+
+  Made known by marvels awfully sublime!
+    Yet far more glorious in the Christian's sight
+  Than these stern terrors of the olden time,
+    The gentler splendours of that peaceful night,
+  When opening clouds display'd, in vision bright,
+    The heavenly host to Bethlehem's shepherd train,
+  Shedding around them more than cloudless light!
+    "Glory to God on high!" their opening strain,
+  Its chorus, "Peace on earth!" its theme Messiah's reign!
+
+
+_Bernard Barton's New Year's Eve, &c._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MAKING ACQUAINTANCE.
+
+What could be more natural than for Mr. Jackson to say to Dr. Smith, "I
+am going to call on Markham?" And what could be more natural than for
+Dr. Smith to say, "I will go with you, and you may introduce me?" So
+then Markham's friend, Jackson, leaves his card, and Jackson's friend,
+Dr. Smith, leaves his card too.--_Rank and Talent._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GENTLEMEN'S FASHIONS.
+
+We read much of the luxurious effeminacy of the old Romans, their
+fantastically curled hair, their favourite robes, &c.; but what will
+posterity think of some of the modes of puppyism in our times, when they
+read in a chronicle of fashion, dated 1829, that gentlemen wore elegant
+drab cloth opera manteaux lined with scarlet velvet, and confined at the
+collar with a gold chain! In another dress, the waistcoat is directed to
+be made of "a very beautiful white embroidered velvet;" "some young
+_men_ have appeared at balls with blue dress gloves embroidered
+with white;" "the _system_ of the cravat is to form the
+_organization_ of linen on the breast," the very "march" of
+foppery; "cloaks of the gentlemen lined with plush silk of celestial
+blue;" "at balls our young exquisites sport pocket-handkerchiefs of fine
+lawn, with a hem as broad as their thumbs; the corners _only_ are
+embroidered:" "shoes tied with a small _rosette_;" "a young
+gentleman now suffers his hair to grow, has it curled, and parted on the
+left side of the forehead," &c. &c.--This out-herods Herod.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PICTURE OF LONDON.
+
+A new edition of this very useful and attractive volume has just
+appeared, re-edited by Mr. Britton, who, by his extensive architectural
+knowledge, as well as by his popular style of imparting that knowledge,
+is calculated to produce a better "Picture of London" than any other
+writer within our acquaintance. The introduction is, of course, the most
+novel part of this edition, and as it enables Mr. Britton to embody much
+authentic information on the public works now in progress, we have
+abridged a few of these details, which will be found in a Supplement
+published with the present Number. The _Picture of London_ was, we
+believe, first printed in 1806; and the extensive patronage which it
+has enjoyed during twenty-two years has been well deserved by its
+progressive completeness.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR;
+
+AND
+
+LITERARY NOTICES OF
+
+_NEW WORKS._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+RANK AND TALENT.
+
+_By the Author of Penelope, or Love's Labour Lost._
+
+
+In our last volume we devoted nearly six of our columns to an outline of
+the predecessor of the present work, or the novel of _Penelope_. We
+there stated our opinion of the author's talents in a peculiar style of
+novel-writing--a sort of mixture of satire and fashion, without the
+starchness of the one, or the silly affectation of the other--abounding
+in well-drawn pictures of real life, free from caricature, and teeming
+with home-truths, in themselves of such plainness and ready application,
+as to make precept and example follow on with near approaches to
+probability and truth.
+
+The author's _forte_ unquestionably lies in this species of
+writing, and his "_Rank and Talent_" will, we think, bear us out in
+this opinion. The story or canvass of the novel is simple, and well
+prepared for his sketches and finished portraits of character. They
+belong to fashionable and middle life, and the conceits and
+eccentricities, as well as the straightforward integrity of their
+stations are illustrated with peculiar force. Sound moral and knowledge
+of the world are occasionally introduced with great tact, for the author
+is no stranger to the inmost workings and recesses of the human heart;
+and he adapts these lessons, and dovetails them with the narrative, in a
+clever and agreeable style.
+
+The outline of the story may be briefly told. The Hon. Philip Martindale
+has an action brought against him, at the assizes, for the false
+imprisonment of one Richard Smith, as a poacher; although the object of
+the defendant was a beautiful girl residing with the defendant. Clara
+Rivolta is rudely cross-examined as a witness; whilst the plaintiff's
+case is conducted by Horatio Markham, an intelligent young barrister,
+whose parents reside in the town where the action is tried. The cousin
+of the defendant, Mr. John Martindale, an eccentric old gentleman who
+builds an abbey for his titled relative to occupy, whilst he himself
+lives in a cottage on the estate; seeks an acquaintance with Markham.
+These parties reside at Brigland, and Philip Martindale, a dissipated
+lover of the turf, who is dependent on his capricious cousin for his
+supplies; and Horatio Markham, the hero, are thus introduced. Then we
+have a country curate of the higher order, together with his loquacious
+_half_; which are excellent portraits.
+
+John Martindale is one of those eccentric beings--half-aristocrat, and
+half-liberal, which are more rare in society than they were fifty years
+since; and upon this curious compound turns the narrative. Clara Rivolta
+and her mother, Signora Rivolta, the wife of Colonel R. quit their
+native Italy, and visit Brigland, where old Martindale, on the
+discovery, acknowledges the Signora as the fruit of an early imprudence
+on the continent, and finally leaves them a large fortune. Clara is
+married to Markham, and Philip Martindale, afterwards Earl of
+Trimmerstone, marries a gay, giddy girl, who elopes with a perfumed
+puppy of the first fragrance.
+
+The round of the earl's dissipation is but a sorry picture of the
+prostitution of rank; but the connexion leads us into a succession of
+scenes of fashionable life, which are vividly drawn, as are two or three
+of their adjuncts,--a popular west-end preacher, an anti-nervous
+physician, the dandy already mentioned, a noble gambler, and a rich city
+knight and his aspiring family--all of which are to the life.
+
+Our extracts must be detached from the narrative; but they may serve to
+illustrate the felicitous vein in which the characters are drawn.
+
+The means by which Signora Rivolta is discovered by Martindale, is well
+managed. One morning after the old gentleman had been amusing his
+visiters with some Italian views, Mr. Denver, the curate, introduced to
+Mr. Martindale with great parade Colonel Rivolta, whom he described as
+having recently made his escape from the continent, where he was exposed
+to persecution, if not to death, on account of his political opinions.
+The reverend gentleman then proceeded to state, that the colonel had
+previously to his own arrival in England sent over his wife and
+daughter, whom he had committed to the care of Richard Smith; that with
+them he had also transmitted some property, which old Richard had
+invested for their use and benefit; that unfortunately the very first
+night of the colonel's arrival at Brigland, the cottage in which Richard
+Smith dwelt had been robbed by a gipsy; that in consequence of that
+event the poor old man had been so seriously alarmed, that he had been
+totally unable to attend to any thing, and that he had died, leaving
+this poor foreigner in a strange land not knowing how to proceed as
+to the recovery of his little property. After an interview, in which
+Martindale promises the colonel his assistance, the latter was rising to
+take leave, when his eye was arrested by a print which Mr. Martindale
+held in his hand, and which he had unrolled while he was talking. As
+soon as the colonel saw the picture, he recognised the scene which it
+represented, and uttered an ejaculation, indicative of surprise and
+pleasure. Mr. Martindale then, for the first time, observed the print,
+and noticed its subject; he also looked upon it with surprise, but not
+with pleasure; and then he asked the stranger if that scene were
+familiar to him, with very great emotion the colonel replied:--"That
+scene brings to my recollection the happiest day of my life."
+
+For a few seconds the party were totally silent; for the clergyman and
+the foreigner were struck dumb with astonishment at the altered looks of
+the old gentleman, and were surprised to see him crushing the picture
+in both hands. He then, as if with an effort of great resolution,
+exclaimed:--"And it brings to my recollection the most miserable day
+of my life."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The agitation of the old gentleman abated, and he replied: "I thank you
+for your kindness, sir, but my sorrow arises from self-reproach. I have
+inflicted injuries which can never be redressed." He hesitated, as if
+wishing, but dreading to say more. Then changing the tone of his voice,
+as if he were about to speak on some totally different subject, he
+continued addressing himself to Colonel Rivolta:--"I presume, sir, you
+are a native of Genoa, or you are very familiar with that city." "I was
+born," replied the foreigner, "at Naples; but very early in life I was
+removed to Genoa, that I might be engaged in merchandize; for my
+patrimony was very small, and my relations would have despised me, had I
+endeavoured by any occupation to gain a livelihood in my native city."
+"Then you were not originally destined for the army?" "I was not; but
+after I had been some few years in Genoa, I began to grow weary of the
+pursuits of merchandize, and indeed to feel some of that pride of which
+I had accused my relations, and I thought that I should be satisfied
+with very little if I might be free from the occupation of the merchant;
+and while I was so thinking, I met by chance an old acquaintance who
+persuaded me to undertake the profession of arms, to which I was indeed
+not reluctant. And so I left my merchandise, and did not see Genoa again
+for nearly two years. It was then that I was so much interested in that
+scene which the picture portrays; for in a very small house which is in
+the same street, directly opposite to that palace, there lived an old
+woman, whose name was ----"
+
+The attention of the old gentleman had been powerfully arrested by the
+commencement of the Italian's narrative; and he listened very calmly
+till the narrator arrived at the point when he was about to mention the
+name of the old woman who lived opposite to the palace in question: then
+was Mr. Martindale again excited, and without waiting for the conclusion
+of the sentence, interrupted it by exclaiming: "Ah! what! do you know
+that old woman? Is she living? Where is she?--Stop--no--let me
+see--impossible!--Why I must be nearly seventy--yes--are you sure? Is
+not her name Bianchi?"
+
+To this hurried and confused mass of interrogation, the colonel replied
+that her name was Bianchi; but that she had died nearly twenty years
+ago, at a very advanced age, being at the time of her death nearly
+ninety years of age. Hearing this, the old gentleman assumed a great
+calmness and composure of manner, though he trembled as if in an ague;
+and turning to the astonished clergyman, who was pleasing himself with
+the anticipation of some catastrophe or anecdote which might form a fine
+subject for town-talk, he very deliberately said:--"Mr. Denver, I beg I
+may not intrude any longer on your valuable time. This gentleman, I
+find, can give me some account of an old acquaintance of mine. The
+inquiries may not be interesting to you. Make my best compliments to
+Mrs. Denver."
+
+When this good man was withdrawn, Mr. Martindale requested the stranger
+to be seated; and unmindful of the guests whom he had left to amuse
+themselves and each other, he commenced very deliberately to examine the
+foreigner concerning those matters which had so strongly excited his
+feelings.
+
+"You tell me," said Mr. Martindale, "that the old woman, Bianchi, has
+been dead nearly twenty years. Now, my good friend, can you inform me
+how long you were acquainted with this old woman before her death."
+"I knew her," replied the colonel, "only for about four years before
+she died." "And had you much intimacy with her, so as to hear her
+talk about former days." "Very often indeed," replied the foreigner,
+"did she talk about the past; for as her age was very great, and her
+memory was very good, it was great interest to hear her tell of ancient
+things; and she was a woman of most excellent understanding, and very
+benevolent in her disposition. Indeed, I can say that I loved the old
+woman much, very much indeed. I was sorry at her death." "But tell me,"
+said Mr. Martindale, impatiently, "did you ever hear her say any thing
+of an infant--an orphan that was committed to her care nearly forty
+years ago?" At this question, the eyes of the stranger brightened, and
+his face was overspread with a smile of delight, when he replied: "Oh
+yes, much indeed, much indeed! that orphan is my wife,"
+
+This rapidity of explanation was almost too much for the old gentleman's
+feelings. His limbs had been trembling with the agitation arising from
+thus reverting to days and events long passed; and he had entertained
+some hope from the language of the foreigner, that he might gain some
+intelligence concerning one that had been forgotten, but whose image was
+again revived in his memory. He had thought but lightly in the days of
+his youth of that which he then called folly, but more seriously in the
+days of his age of that same conduct which then he called vice. It would
+have been happiness to his soul, could an opportunity have been afforded
+him of making something like amends to the representatives of the
+injured, even though the injured had been long asleep in the grave. When
+all at once, therefore, the intelligence burst upon him, that one was
+living in whom he possessed an interest, and over whose destiny he
+should have watched, but whom he had neglected and forgotten, he felt
+his soul melt within him; and well it was for him that he found relief
+in tears. Surprised beyond measure was Colonel Rivolta, when he observed
+the effect produced on Mr. Martindale, and heard the old gentleman say
+with trembling voice:--"And that orphan, sir, is my daughter." He paused
+for a minute or two, and his companion was too much astonished and
+interested to interrupt him: recovering himself, he continued: "For many
+years after that child was born, I had not the means of making any other
+provision for it than placing it under the care of the old woman of whom
+we have been speaking. I gave her such compensation as my circumstances
+then allowed; and as the mother died soon after the birth of the infant,
+I thought myself freed from all farther responsibility when I had made
+provision for the infant. I endeavoured, indeed, to forget the event
+altogether; and as I wished to form a respectable connexion in marriage,
+I took especial care to conceal this transgression. However, various
+circumstances prevented me from time to time from entering into the
+married state; and having within the last twelve years come into the
+possession of larger property than I had ever anticipated, it occurred
+to me that there should be living at Genoa a child of mine, then indeed
+long past childhood. I wrote to Genoa, and had no answer; I went to
+Genoa, and could find no trace either of my child or of the old woman to
+whose care I had entrusted her; and I was grieved not so much for the
+loss of my child, as for the lack of an opportunity of making some
+amends for my crime. I am delighted to hear that she lives. To-morrow I
+will see her."
+
+Upon this interesting disclosure hinge the principal incidents. In the
+course of these are some admirable pleasantries; especially a
+horse-race, and the description of Trimmerstone, in vol. i.; and the
+clerical prig, and a slight sketch of the dangle Tippetson, in vol. ii.
+
+The Earl of Trimmerstone's portrait, after old Martindale's death is
+well drawn:
+
+The Earl of Trimmerstone was depressed in spirits; it is indeed very
+natural that he should be. The life which he had led, the companions
+with whom he had associated, the disappointments which he had
+experienced, his foolish marriage, the disgraceful conduct of his silly
+countess, the taunts and reproaches of his opulent relative, the
+weariness and disgust that he felt in having nothing to do, and the
+annoyance of an empty title, which merely mocked him with the epithet of
+right honourable, all these things combined to render him almost
+disgusted with, and weary of life. His solitude was soon invaded by a
+visit from the Rev. Marmaduke Sprout, rector of Trimmerstone, who was
+rather fanatical in his theology, and finical in attire and address. He
+could presently render himself agreeable to any person of exalted rank
+by his very courteous and conciliating demeanour; and he possessed a
+peculiar softness and gentleness of manner, with which indeed the Earl
+of Trimmerstone would, in his past days of cock-fighting, horse-racing,
+and boxing, have been thoroughly disgusted. But his lordship was quite
+an altered man. Formerly, the lowest pursuits under the name of sport or
+fancy had been agreeable to his lordship; and every species of religious
+ sentiment he had regarded with the profoundest contempt and the most
+unmingled abhorrence. But now he was sick, and weary of all these things!
+and because one extreme was purely offensive and wearisome, he took
+it for granted that the opposite must be truly delightful and highly
+consistent, and so under the tuition of Mr. Sprout, he changed and
+reversed all his habits, good, bad, and indifferent. From staking
+thousands at a horse-race, he turned up his eyes at the grievous
+abomination of half-crown whist; and, indeed, had he been disposed to
+card-playing, he could not have indulged himself at Trimmerstone, for
+Mr. Sprout had banished almost all card-playing from the place, so
+that there was not a pack of cards in the parish, except two or three
+mutilated well-thumbed packs of quadrille-cards, which were still used
+by a knot of antiquated spinsters worthy of the good old days of
+Sacheverel and High Church. Quadrille-cards will not do for whist,
+for all the eights, nines, and tens are thrown out. Formerly, Lord
+Trimmerstone used to be proud of giving some of his acquaintance a
+sumptuous dinner; but now he had changed all that, and he only kept one
+female cook, who could just manage to make a comfortable and snug little
+dish or two for his lordship's own self, occasionally assisted by the
+Rev. Mr. Sprout. Formerly, his lordship had been disposed to be lively,
+and oftentimes facetious; but now he was prodigiously grave, and almost
+sulky. Formerly, his lordship never went to church; now he went twice
+every Sunday, and said Amen as loud as the clerk, and with much more
+solemnity, for the clerk did not turn up his eyes for fear of losing the
+place. Formerly, his lordship had been very candid; now he had become
+exceedingly censorious, and he seemed to measure his religion by the
+severity with which he reproved transgressors. His lordship several
+times attempted to make all the inhabitants of Trimmerstone go to church
+twice every Sunday, except his own cook. But in this his lordship could
+not succeed, and indeed it was well for him that he could not; for if
+he had, the church would have been so crowded that he could not have
+enjoyed a great, large, lined, stuffed, padded, carpeted pew for
+himself.
+
+In another portion of the MIRROR we have quoted half a dozen of the
+author's amenities just to show the reader that in depicting the follies
+of fashionable life, there is less fiddle-faddle--less _rank_ than
+_talent_--and more sense than in many other chronicles of the ton.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE
+
+Public Journals.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MAXIMS OF JOHN BULLISM.
+
+
+When you travel in a stage-coach, make all the passengers, both inside
+and outside, fully acquainted with your name, business, and objects in
+travelling, before five minutes have elapsed. Among the rest, be sure
+you give them to think you are a man of property, and the personal
+friend of at least half-a-dozen nobles or members of parliament. If in
+trade, inform them you have something very handsome in the three per
+cents., and live on terms of perfect familiarity with the great Jew.
+
+Honesty is the best and most profitable policy in the long run, but
+there are a thousand exceptions to this rule in private practice.
+
+Do no charity by stealth; it is never repaid in this world to any
+advantage; do it openly, and there are chances of its returning cent per
+cent.
+
+You may keep a running horse, or two, though you are a magistrate sworn
+to put down gambling: you need not bet upon the race-course yourself.
+You may subscribe to Fishmongers' Hall, and go there without throwing
+the dice. You may share the profits of a _roulette_ table, without
+venturing your luck. It is strange that vulgar understandings cannot
+discriminate in these matters!
+
+When you have made up your mind finally to do any thing, ask the advice
+of your friend about it. The act of consultation will please him, and
+you will be none the worse.
+
+Human happiness is more or less complete in a ratio with successful
+pecuniary accumulation.
+
+If you enter a drawing-room before dinner a little time too early, and
+find yourself _vis-a-vis_ with an unlucky visiter as forlorn as
+yourself, do not utter a word. The chances are, nine out of ten, he will
+not speak first, that is, if he be a true Briton. Stare at him as hard
+as you can.
+
+If you meet a lady in society, old or young, married or single, who
+equals you in argument, or rises superior to the thousand and one
+automatons disgorged monthly from fashionable boarding-schools, report
+her a _bas bleu_ to your male acquaintances, and warn her own sex
+to shun her.
+
+When you meet an inferior in a public street, it is your duty to cut
+him, if any one who knows you is in sight. If you cannot escape a
+recognition, do it with as little parade as possible--a movement of the
+lips is sufficient--and walk on at a quick rate. Who knows but the Lord
+Mayor, or Mr. Alderman Blowbladder, may observe you?
+
+A grain of impudence will fetch more in the market than twelve bushels
+of modesty.
+
+In the scale of dignities two Cheapside chaises make one Stanhope; two
+Stanhopes a cab; two cabs a landaulet and pair; and so on up to the
+state-coach; and as their numerical relation, so is the degree of
+respect they may justly exact.
+
+If you visit foreign parts, and meet a countryman who may be useful to
+you, do not hesitate to avail yourself of his services; but be sure
+never to acknowledge him should you meet in your native land, unless he
+receive some other introduction to you, and you have it on creditable
+evidence that he is a man of good property.
+
+Never allow reason weight in any thing you have resolved to be right
+that is opposed to it. Reason may be useful in mathematics, to men of
+genius, and to scholars; but it has little to do with every-day
+existence, with the Three per Cents, the national revenue, the Stock
+Exchange, or the India House.
+
+Never get acquainted with your next-door neighbour, unless you find he
+is in good pecuniary circumstances. If you meet on the highway, or touch
+elbows at your respective fore-doors, look at each other like two
+strange tom-cats, and pursue your way.
+
+Commiserate the fate of a Thurtell, a Probert, or a Corder, sent
+(ripened for heaven in a forty-eight hours' probation by a Newgate
+chaplain) out of the world their hellish acts have so sullied; but
+sympathise not with a Riego or a Canaris. Heroic vice was always
+spiriting; heroic virtue is phlegmatic. John Bull's constitution is only
+acted upon by strong excitement.
+
+When you dine with the Lord Mayor, or any of the Aldermen of Brobdignag,
+and they attempt to exhibit their skill at repartee, be sure decide the
+wealthiest to be the wittiest. It will insure you a good dinner another
+time, perhaps something more.
+
+In choosing a wife, prefer even Bristol ugliness to beauty, especially
+if there be a fortune. Beauty will change, intellect may be too much for
+you, but ugliness will be true to you as to itself; besides its
+advantage of preserving you from the effects of conjugal frailty.
+
+A judge's wig is a Delphic mystery, whether brains be in it or not. It
+is a of sublunary wisdom--an umbrella over an oracle.
+
+When you dine at a public dinner, always take your seat opposite a
+favourite dish. Carve it yourself, and select the choicest bits, then
+leave it to your right-hand neighbour to help the rest of the company.
+
+Always stick your napkin in your button-hole at the dinner table, if you
+admit such French superfluities at all. Eat with the sharp edge of your
+knife towards your mouth; forks won't take up gravy. Never wipe your
+lips when you take wine with a lady, and fill both her glass and your
+own until daylight is not visible through the crystal.
+
+When Mrs. Bull is obstreperous, go to the coffee-house and call for your
+glass. It is an excellent cure for her complaint, and you will get the
+latest news retailed in the most engaging manner, with the pleasure of
+knowing she is biting her lips at home in vexation.
+
+Never hold any intercourse with people of whom the world speaks ill.
+'Tis true they may be, and generally are, among the very best of
+mankind, but as they are not reputed to be so, what is that to you?
+
+Some persons cant about the wickedness of the times: believe them not;
+this is the most saintly of ages, the most pure of generations,
+considering its temptations.
+
+Vice at the east and west end of town, is different only in form; in
+substance it comes to the same thing, and in quality is equal to a
+grain.
+
+Never leave a dispute to be settled by arbitration; if you are rich,
+always appeal to law, especially if your opponent be poor. The lawyers
+will manage for you long before the case gets up to the Lords, and
+perhaps secure your rival _in banco regis_ for expenses. In an
+arbitration, the case may be decided against you in a twinkling. It is a
+capital thing that justice and a long purse are sworn brothers; besides,
+moneyed men should have some advantage in society.
+
+So little is the value of an oath understood by any but the Bull family,
+that none but the postboys and the vulgar use oaths in foreign nations,
+America excepted; but that country being a chip of the old block,
+already rivals honest John; outdo him she must not.
+
+Lard your butter, wet your tobacco, pipe-clay your flour, sand your
+sugar, sloe-leaf your tea, coal-ash your pepper, deteriorate your drugs,
+water your liquors, alloy your gold and silver, plunder your lodgers,
+and, while none know it, who is the worse! Then to church, and thank God
+you are not as other men.
+
+Live and talk as if you were to live for ever. If you have accumulated
+tens of thousands, try and make them hundreds of thousands. Why should
+you retire and make way for the industry of others, while you are able
+to treasure up more.
+
+Give credit, take credit, live upon credit; if you are wealthy, your own
+money will be gathering interest at the same time. If you are poor, you
+have no other means to live by.
+
+In matters of business, let there be no favour. If you are dealing with
+your own father, give nothing to him. Screw the uttermost farthing, and,
+if need, sell him.
+
+Give only to receive.
+
+Men of genius are fools; the truly great men know how to make money, and
+money is power--the power of making more money. Your men of genius are
+at best but harlequins with empty pockets.--_New Monthly Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+
+  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+      SHAKSPEARE.
+
+        *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE OPERA.
+
+Swift, in his Journal to Stella, speaking of the Opera says, "In half an
+hour I was tired of their _fine stuff_."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FAUSTINA and CUZZONI, two celebrated opera singers, were such bitter
+rivals, that neither of them would sing in the same room with the other.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CATS.
+
+Four learned cats are now exhibiting in Regent-street; but as we have
+not yet left our card with their feline excellencies, we cannot wink at
+their perfections.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SHERWOOD AND ROBIN HOOD.
+
+The officers of Sherwood Forest, famous for having been the
+head-quarters of Robin Hood in the 16th century, were a warden, his
+lieutenant and steward, a bow-bearer, and a ranger, four verderers,
+twelve regarders, four agisters, and twelve keepers or foresters, all
+under a chief forester; besides these there were several woodwards for
+every township within the forest, and one for every principal wood.
+
+HALBERT H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The late Duke of Norfolk passing down Piccadilly with Sheridan, as a
+gigantic wooden Highlander was just then fixing at the door of a
+tobacconist, asked, what was the reason of this usual location. "Ay, ay,
+I see it now," said the duke, "it is as much as to say, bargains here, a
+man may get the most for his farthing." "No," said Sheridan, "it seems
+quite the contrary, for if the Scotchman could have driven any thing in
+the way of bargain, he would have gone in."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A Mrs. Tomlinson is mentioned in the papers as having, lately died,
+worth thirty thousand pounds, chiefly amassed by habits of extreme
+penury. She had, before this accumulation, separated from her husband,
+to whom she handsomely allowed five shillings a-week. This was observed
+to realize the often-repeated saying of Solomon--"A virtuous woman is a
+_crown_ to her husband."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SUGAR MADE FROM RAGS.
+
+The compiler of a Catechism of Chemistry up to the latest date, says,
+"It is a remarkable fact, that a pound of rags may be converted into
+more than a pound of sugar, merely by the action of sulphuric acid. When
+shreds of linen are triturated (stirred) in a glass mortar with
+sulphuric acid, they yield a gummy matter on evaporation; and if this
+matter be boiled for some time with dilute sulphuric acid, we obtain a
+crystallizable sugar."--Now is the time to look up all your old rags,
+&c.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A choral society, consisting of 160 members, has just been established
+at Breslau, for the cultivation of ancient music.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+JOHN OF GAUNT.
+
+There is a curious tradition respecting the estate of Sutton Park, (the
+seat of Sir J. Burgoyne.) near Biggleswade, Bedfordshire, which states
+it formerly belonged to John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, who gave it to
+an ancestor of the present proprietor, named Roger Burgoyne, by the
+following laconic grant:--
+
+  I, John of Gaunt,
+  Do give and do grant
+  To Roger Burgoyne,
+  And the heirs of his loin,
+  Both Sutton and Potton,[3]
+  Until the world's rotten.
+
+
+There is also a moated site in the park, called "John of Gaunt's Castle."
+
+J.H.
+
+    [3] A neighbouring village.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+With the present Number is published a SUPPLEMENT, containing THREE
+ENGRAVINGS: 1. _The Death-Watch_. 2. _The Glow-Worm_. 3.
+_The Talipot Tree_, and a series of other curious and attractive
+Wonders of Nature--The First and Last Crime, a vivid and masterly
+sketch--Public Improvements now in progress in London--besides an
+unusual variety of Literary Novelties.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD 143, Strand, (near Somerset
+House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and
+by all Newsmen and Booksellers_.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, No. 360, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, ***
+
+***** This file should be named 13644.txt or 13644.zip *****
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