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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of International Weekly Miscellany, Vol. I,
+No. 6, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: International Weekly Miscellany, Vol. I, No. 6
+       Of Literature, Art, And Science, New York, August 5, 1850
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: October 6, 2004 [EBook #13643]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INTERNATIONAL WEEKLY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Joshua Hutchinson, William Flis, the PG Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team, and Cornell University
+
+
+
+
+
+INTERNATIONAL WEEKLY MISCELLANY
+
+Of Literature, Art, and Science.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Vol. I. NEW YORK, AUGUST 5, 1850. No. 6.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+GERMAN CRITICISM ON ENGLISH FEMALE ROMANCE WRITERS.
+
+We translate the following for the _International_ from a letter dated
+London, June 15, to the _Cologne Gazette_.
+
+"Among the most remarkable writers of romances in England, three women
+are entitled to be reckoned in the first rank, namely, Miss Jewsbury,
+Miss Bronte, and Mrs. Gaskell. Miss Jewsbury issued her first work
+about four years since, a novel, in three volumes, under the title of
+'Zoe,' and since then she has published the 'Half Sisters.' Both these
+works are excellent in manner as well as ideas, and show that their
+author is a woman of profound thought and deep feeling. Both are
+drawn from country life and the middle class, a sphere in which Miss
+Jewsbury is at home. The tendency of the first is speculative, and
+is based on religion; that of the second is social, relating to the
+position of woman.
+
+"Miss Jewsbury is still young, for an authoress. She counts only some
+thirty years, and many productions may be confidently expected from
+her hand, though perhaps none will excel those already published,
+for, after gaining a certain climax, no one excels himself. Her
+usual residence is Manchester; it is but seldom that she visits the
+metropolis; she is now here. She has lively and pleasing manners, a
+slight person, fine features, a beautiful, dreamy, light brown eye.
+She is attractive without being beautiful, retiring, altogether
+without pretensions, and in conversation is neither brilliant nor very
+intellectual,--a still, thoughtful, modest character.
+
+"Miss Bronte was long involved in a mysterious obscurity, from which
+she first emerged into the light as an actually existing being, at her
+present visit to London. Two years ago there appeared a romance, 'Jane
+Eyre,' by 'Currer Bell,' which threw all England into astonishment.
+Everybody was tormenting himself to discover the real author, for
+there was no such person as Currer Bell, and no one could tell
+whether the book was written by a man or woman, because the hues of
+the romance now indicated a male and now female hand, without any
+possibility of supposing that the whole originated with a single
+pencil. The public attributed it now to one, now to another, and the
+book passed to a second edition without the solution of the riddle.
+At last there came out a second romance, 'Shirley,' by the same
+author, which was devoured with equal avidity, although it could
+not be compared to the former in value; and still the incognito was
+preserved. Finally, late in the autumn of last year the report was
+spread about that the image of Jane Eyre had been discovered in London
+in the person of a pale young lady, with gray eyes, who had been
+recognized as the long-sought authoress. Still she remained invisible.
+And again, in June 1850, it is said that Currer Bell, Jane Eyre, Miss
+Bronte,--for all three names mean the same person,--is in London,
+though to all inquiries concerning the where and how a satisfactory
+answer is still wanting. She is now indeed here, but not for the
+curious public; she will not serve society as a lioness, will not be
+gazed and gaped at. She is a simple child of the country, brought up
+in the little parsonage of her father, in the North of England, and
+must first accustom her eye to the gleaming diadem with which fame
+seeks to deck her brow, before she can feel herself at home in her own
+sunshine.
+
+"Our third lady, Mrs. Gaskell, belongs also to the country, and is
+the wife of a Unitarian clergyman. In this capacity she has probably
+had occasion to know a great deal of the poorer classes, to her honor
+be it said. Her book, 'Mary Barton,' conducts us into the factory
+workman's narrow dwelling, and depicts his joys and sorrows, his
+aims and efforts, his wants and his misery, with a power of truth
+that irresistibly lays hold upon the heart. The scene of the story
+alternates from there to the city mansion of the factory owner,
+where, along with luxury and splendor we find little love and little
+happiness, and where sympathy with the condition of the workman is
+wanting only because it is not known, and because no one understands
+why or how the workman suffers. The book, is at once very beautiful,
+very instructive, and written, in a spirit of conciliation."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MARGARET FULLER, MARCHESA D'OSSOLI.
+
+Sarah Margaret Fuller, by marriage Marchioness of Ossoli, was born
+in Cambridge, Massachusetts, about the year 1807. Her father, Mr.
+Timothy Fuller, was a lawyer, and from 1817 to 1825 he represented
+the Middlesex district in Congress. At the close of his last term as
+a legislator he purchased a farm near Cambridge, and determined to
+abandon his profession for the more congenial one of agriculture; but
+he died soon after, leaving a widow and six children, of whom Margaret
+was the eldest.
+
+At a very early age she exhibited unusual abilities, and was
+particularly distinguished for an extraordinary facility in acquiring
+languages. Her father, proud of the displays of her intelligence,
+prematurely stimulated it to a degree that was ultimately injurious to
+her physical constitution. At eight years of age he was accustomed to
+require of her the composition of a number of Latin verses every day,
+while her studies in philosophy, history, general science and current
+literature were pressed to the limit of her capacities. When he first
+went to Washington he was accustomed to speak of her as one "better
+skilled in Greek and Latin than half of the professors;" and alluding
+in one of her essays, to her attachment to foreign literature, she
+herself observes that in childhood she had well-nigh forgotten her
+English while constantly reading in other tongues.
+
+Soon after the death of her father, she applied herself to teaching
+as a vocation, first in Boston, then in Providence, and afterward
+in Boston again, while her "Conversations" were for several seasons
+attended by classes of women, some of them married, and many of them
+of the most eminent positions in society. These conversations are
+described by Dr. Orestes A. Brownson, as "in the highest degree
+brilliant, instructive, and inspiring," and our own recollections of
+them confirm to us the justice of the applause with which they are
+now referred to. She made her first appearance as an author, in a
+translation of Eckermann's Conversations with Goethe, published in
+Boston in 1839. When Mr. Emerson, in the following year, established
+_The Dial_, she became one of the principal contributors to that
+remarkable periodical, in which she wrote many of the most striking
+papers on literature, art, and society. In the summer of 1843 she made
+a journey to the Sault St. Marie, and in the next spring published
+in Boston reminiscences of her tour, under the title of Summer on the
+Lakes. _The Dial_ having been discontinued, she came to reside in New
+York, where she had charge of the literary department of the New York
+_Tribune_, which acquired a great accession of reputation from her
+critical essays. Here in 1845 she published Woman in the Nineteenth
+Century; and in 1846, Papers on Literature and Art, in two volumes,
+consisting of essays and reviews, reprinted, with one exception, from
+periodicals.
+
+In the summer of 1845, she accompanied the family of a friend to
+Europe, visiting England, Scotland, and France, and passing through
+Italy to Rome, where they spent the ensuing winter. The next spring
+she proceeded with her friends to the north of Italy, and there
+stopped, spending most of the summer at Florence, and returning at
+the approach of winter to Rome, where she was soon after married to
+Giovanni, Marquis d'Ossoli, who made her acquaintance during her first
+winter in that city. They resided in the Roman States until the last
+summer, after the surrender of Rome to the French army, when they
+deemed it expedient to go to Florence, both having taken an active
+part in the Republican movement. They left Florence in June, and
+at Leghorn embarked in the ship Elizabeth for New York. The passage
+commenced auspiciously, but at Gibraltar the master of the ship died
+of smallpox, and they were detained at the quarantine there some time
+in consequence of this misfortune, but finally set sail again on the
+8th of June, and arrived on our coast during the terrible storm of
+the 18th and 19th ult., when, in the midst of darkness, rain, and a
+terrific gale, the ship was hurled on the breakers of Fire Island,
+near Long Island, and in a few hours was broken in pieces. Margaret
+Fuller d'Ossoli, the Marquis d'Ossoli, and their son, two years of
+age, with an Italian girl, and Mr. Horace Sumner of Boston, besides
+several of the crew, lost their lives. We reprint a sketch of the
+works and genius of Margaret Fuller, written several years ago by the
+late Edgar A. Poe.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Miss Fuller was at one time editor, or one of the editors of the
+'The Dial,' to which she contributed many of the most forcible and
+certainly some of the most peculiar papers. She is known, too, by
+'Summer on the Lakes,' a remarkable assemblage of sketches, issued
+in 1844, by Little & Brown, of Boston. More lately she published
+'Woman in the Nineteenth Century,' a work which has occasioned much
+discussion, having had the good fortune to be warmly abused and
+chivalrously defended. For '_The New York Tribune_,' she has furnished
+a great variety of matter, chiefly notices of new books, etc., etc.,
+her articles being designated by an asterisk. Two of the best of them
+were a review of Professor Longfellow's late magnificent edition
+of his own works, (with a portrait,) and an appeal to the public
+in behalf of her friend Harro Harring. The review did her infinite
+credit; it was frank, candid, independent--in even ludicrous contrast
+to the usual mere glorifications of the day, giving honor _only_ where
+honor was due, yet evincing the most thorough capacity to appreciate
+and the most sincere intention to place in the fairest light the real
+and idiosyncratic merits of the poet. In my opinion it is one of the
+very few reviews of Longfellow's poems, ever published in America,
+of which the critics have not had abundant reason to be ashamed. Mr.
+Longfellow is entitled to a certain and very distinguished rank among
+the poets of his country, but that country is disgraced by the evident
+toadyism which would award to his social position and influence, to
+his fine paper and large type, to his morocco binding and gilt edges,
+to his flattering portrait of himself, and to the illustrations of his
+poems by Huntingdon, that amount of indiscriminate approbation which
+neither could nor would have been given to the poems themselves. The
+defense of Harro Harring, or rather the philippic against those who
+were doing him wrong, was one of the most eloquent and well-_put_
+articles I have ever yet seen in a newspaper.
+
+"'Woman in the Nineteenth Century' is a book which few women in the
+country could have written, and no woman in the country would
+have published, with the exception of Miss Fuller. In the way of
+independence, of unmitigated radicalism, it is one of the 'Curiosities
+of American Literature,' and Doctor Griswold should include it in
+his book. I need scarcely say that the essay is nervous, forcible,
+suggestive, brilliant, and to a certain extent scholar-like--for
+all that Miss Fuller produces is entitled to these epithets--but I
+must say that the conclusions reached are only in part my own. Not
+that they are bold, by any means--too novel, too startling or too
+dangerous in their consequences, but that in their attainment too many
+premises have been distorted, and too many analogical inferences left
+altogether out of sight. I mean to say that the intention of the Deity
+as regards sexual differences--an intention which can be distinctly
+comprehended only by throwing the exterior (more sensitive) portions
+of the mental retina _casually_ over the wide field of universal
+_analogy_--I mean to say that this _intention_ has not been
+sufficiently considered. Miss Fuller has erred, too, through her own
+excessive objectiveness. She judges _woman_ by the heart and intellect
+of Miss Fuller, but there are not more than one or two dozen Miss
+Fullers on the whole face of the earth. Holding these opinions in
+regard to 'Woman in the Nineteenth Century,' I still feel myself
+called upon to disavow the silly, condemnatory criticism of the
+work which appeared in one of the earlier numbers of "_The Broadway
+Journal_." That article was _not_ written by myself, and _was_ written
+by my associate, Mr. Briggs.
+
+"The most favorable estimate of Miss Fuller's genius (for high genius
+she unquestionably possesses) is to be obtained, perhaps, from her
+contributions to 'The Dial,' and from her 'Summer on the Lakes.' Many
+of the _descriptions_ in this volume are unrivaled for _graphicality_,
+(why is there not such a word?) for the force with which they convey
+the true by the novel or unexpected, by the introduction of touches
+which other artists would be sure to omit as irrelevant to the
+subject. This faculty, too, springs from her subjectiveness, which
+leads her to paint a scene less by its features than by its effects.
+
+"Here, for example, is a portion of her account of Niagara:--
+
+    "'Daily these proportions widened and towered more and more
+    upon my sight, and I got at last a proper foreground for these
+    sublime distances. Before coming away, I think I really saw
+    the full wonder of the scene. After a while it _so drew me
+    into itself as to inspire an undefined dread, such as I never
+    knew before, such as may be felt when death is about to usher
+    us into a new existence_. The perpetual trampling of the
+    waters seized my senses. _I felt that no other sound, however
+    near, could be heard, and would start and look behind me for a
+    foe_. I realised the identity of that mood of nature in which
+    these waters were poured down with such absorbing force, with
+    that in which the Indian was shaped on the same soil. For
+    continually upon my mind came, unsought and unwelcome, _images
+    such as had never haunted it before, of naked savages stealing
+    behind me with uplifted tomahawks_. Again and again this
+    illusion recurred, and even _after I had thought it over, and
+    tried to shake it off, I could not help starting and looking
+    behind me_. What I liked best was to sit on Table Rock close
+    to the great fall; _there all power of observing details, all
+    separate consciousness was quite lost_.'
+
+"The truthfulness of the passages italicized will be felt by all; the
+feelings described are, perhaps, experienced by every (imaginative)
+person who visits the fall; but most persons, through predominant
+subjectiveness, would scarcely be conscious of the feelings, or, at
+best, would never think of employing them in an attempt to convey to
+others an impression of the scene. Hence so many desperate failures to
+convey it on the part of ordinary tourists. Mr. William W. Lord, to be
+sure, in his poem 'Niagara,' is sufficiently objective; he describes
+not the fall, but very properly, the effect of the fall upon _him_.
+He says that it made him think of his _own_ greatness, of his _own_
+superiority, and so forth, and so forth; and it is only when we
+come to think that the thought of Mr. Lord's greatness is quite
+idiosyncratic confined exclusively to Mr. Lord, that we are in
+condition to understand how, in spite of his objectiveness he has
+failed to convey an idea of anything beyond one Mr. William W. Lord.
+
+"From the essay entitled 'Philip Van Artevelde, I copy a paragraph
+which will serve at once to exemplify Miss Fuller's more earnest
+(declamatory) style, and to show the tenor of her prospective
+speculations:--
+
+    "'At Chicago I read again 'Philip Van Artevelde,' and certain
+    passages in it will always be in my mind associated with the
+    deep sound of the lake, as heard in the night. I used to read
+    a short time at night, and then open the blind to look out.
+    The moon would be full upon the lake, and the calm breath,
+    pure light, and the deep voice, harmonized well with the
+    thought of the Flemish hero. When will this country have
+    such a man? It is what she needs--no thin Idealist, no coarse
+    Realist, but a man whose eye reads the heavens while his
+    feet step firmly on the ground, and his hands are strong and
+    dexterous in the use of human instruments. A man, religious,
+    virtuous, and--sagacious; a man of universal sympathies, but
+    self-possessed; a man who knows the region of emotion, though
+    he is not its slave; a man to whom this world is no mere
+    spectacle or fleeting shadow, but a great, solemn game, to be
+    played with good heed, for its stakes are of eternal value,
+    yet who, if his own play be true, heeds not what he loses by
+    the falsehood of others. A man who lives from the past, yet
+    knows that its honey can but moderately avail him; whose
+    comprehensive eye scans the present, neither infatuated by its
+    golden lures nor chilled by its many ventures; who possesses
+    prescience, as the wise man must, but not so far as to be
+    driven mad to-day by the gift which discerns to-morrow. When
+    there is such a man for America, the thought which urges her
+    on will be expressed."
+
+"From what I have quoted, a _general_ conception of the prose style
+of the authoress may be gathered. Her manner, however, is infinitely
+varied. It is always forcible--but I am not sure that it is always
+anything else, unless I say picturesque. It rather indicates than
+evinces scholarship. Perhaps only the scholastic, or, more properly,
+those accustomed to look narrowly at the structure of phrases, would
+be willing to acquit her of ignorance of grammar--would be willing
+to attribute her slovenliness to disregard of the shell in anxiety
+for the kernel; or to waywardness, or to affectation, or to blind
+reverence to Carlyle--would be able to detect, in her strange and
+continual inaccuracies, a capacity for the accurate.
+
+    "'I cannot sympathize with such an apprehension; the spectacle
+    is _capable to_ swallow _up_ all such objects."
+
+    "It is fearful, too, to know, as you look, that whatever has
+    been swallowed by the cataract, is _like_ to rise suddenly to
+    light."
+
+    "I took our _mutual_ friends to see her."
+
+    "It was always obvious that they had nothing in common
+    _between them_."
+
+    "The Indian cannot be looked at truly _except_ by a poetic
+    eye."
+
+    "McKenny's Tour to the Lakes gives some facts not to be met
+    _with_ elsewhere."
+
+    "There is that mixture of culture and rudeness in the aspect
+    of things _as_ gives a feeling of freedom," etc., etc.
+
+"These are merely a few, a very few instances, taken at random from
+among a multitude of _willful_ murders committed by Miss Fuller on
+the American of President Polk. She uses, too, the word 'ignore,' a
+vulgarity adopted only of late days (and to no good purpose, since
+there is no necessity for it) from the barbarisms of the law, and
+makes no scruple of giving the Yankee interpretation to the verbs
+'witness' and 'realize,' to say nothing of 'use,' as in the sentence,
+'I used to read a short time at night.' It will not do to say in
+defense of such words, that in such senses they may be found in
+certain dictionaries--in that of Bolles', for instance;--_some_ kind
+of 'authority' may be found for _any_ kind of vulgarity under the sun.
+
+"In spite of these things, however and of her frequent unjustifiable
+Carlyleisms, (such as that of writing sentences which are no
+sentences, since, to be parsed, reference must be had to sentences
+preceding,) the style of Miss Fuller is one of the very best with
+which I am acquainted. In general effect, I know no style which
+surpasses it. It is singularly piquant, vivid, terse, bold,
+luminous--leaving details out of sight, it is everything that a style
+need be.
+
+"I believe that Miss Fuller has written much poetry, although she has
+published little. That little is tainted with the affectation of the
+_transcendentalists_, (I used this term, of course, in the sense which
+the public of late days seem resolved to give it,) but is brimful of
+the poetic _sentiment_. Here, for example, is something in Coleridge's
+manner, of which the author of 'Genevieve' might have had no reason to
+be ashamed:--
+
+  A maiden sat beneath a tree;
+  Tear-bedewed her pale cheeks be,
+  And she sighed heavily.
+
+  From forth the wood into the _light_
+  A hunter strides with carol _light_
+  And a glance so bold and bright.
+
+  He careless stopped and eyed the maid;
+  'Why weepest thou?' he gently said;
+  'I love thee well, be not afraid.'
+
+  He takes her hand and leads her on--
+  She should have waited there alone,
+  For he was not her chosen one.
+
+  He _leans_ her head upon his breast--
+  She knew 'twas not her home of rest,
+  But, ah! she had been sore distrest.
+
+  The sacred stars looked sadly down;
+  The parting moon appeared to frown,
+  To see thus dimmed the diamond crown.
+
+  Then from the thicket starts a deer--
+  The huntsman seizing _on_ his spear
+  Cries, 'Maiden, wait thou for me here.'
+
+  She sees him vanish into night--
+  She starts from sleep in deep affright,
+  For it was not her own true knight.
+
+  Though but in dream Gunhilda failed--
+  Though but a fancied ill assailed--
+  Though she but fancied fault bewailed--
+
+  Yet thought of day makes dream of night;
+  She is not worthy of the knight;
+  The inmost altar burns not bright.
+
+  If loneliness thou canst not bear--
+  Cannot the dragon's venom dare--
+  Of the pure meed thou shouldst despair.
+
+  Now sadder that lone maiden sighs;
+  Far bitterer tears profane her eyes;
+  Crushed in the dust her heart's flower lies.'
+
+"To show the evident carelessness with which this poem was
+constructed, I have italicized an identical rhyme (of about the same
+force in versification as an identical proposition in logic) and two
+grammatical improprieties. _To lean_ is a neuter verb, and 'seizing
+_on_' is not properly to be called a pleonasm, merely because it
+is--nothing at all. The concluding line is difficult of pronunciation
+through excess of consonants. I should have preferred, indeed, the
+ante-penultimate tristich as the _finale_ of the poem.
+
+"The supposition that the book of an author is a thing apart from the
+author's self, is, I think, ill-founded. The soul is a cipher, in the
+sense of a cryptograph; and the shorter a cryptograph is, the more
+difficulty there is in its comprehension--at a certain point of
+brevity it would bid defiance to an army of Champollions. And thus
+he who has written very little, may in that little either conceal his
+spirit or convey quite an erroneous idea of it--of his acquirements,
+talents, temper, manner, tenor and depth (or shallowness) of
+thought--in a word of his character, of himself. But this is
+impossible with him who has written much. Of such a person we get,
+from his books, not merely a just, but the most just representation.
+Bulwer, the individual, personal man, in a green velvet waistcoat and
+amber gloves, is not by any means the veritable Sir Edward Lytton,
+who is discoverable only in 'Ernest Maltravers,' where his soul is
+deliberately and nakedly set forth. And who would ever know Dickens by
+looking at him or talking with him, or doing anything with him except
+reading his 'Curiosity Shop?' What poet, in especial, but must feel
+at least the better portion of himself more fairly represented in even
+his commonest sonnet, (earnestly written,) than in his most elaborate
+or most intimate personalities?
+
+"I put all this as a general proposition, to which Miss Fuller affords
+a marked exception--to this extent, that her personal character and
+her printed book are merely one and the same thing. We get access
+to her soul _as_ directly from the one as from the other--no _more_
+readily from this than from that--easily from either. Her acts are
+bookish, and her books are less thoughts than acts. Her literary and
+her conversational manner are identical. Here is a passage from her
+'Summer on the Lakes:'--
+
+    "'The rapids enchanted me far beyond what I expected; they
+    are so swift that they cease to _seem_ so--you can think
+    only of their _beauty_. The fountain beyond the Moss Islands
+    I discovered for myself, and thought it for some time an
+    _accidental_ beauty which it would not do to _leave_, lest
+    I might never see it again. After I found it _permanent_, I
+    returned many times to watch the play of its crest. In the
+    little waterfall, beyond, Nature seems, as she often does, to
+    have made a _study_ for some larger design. She delights in
+    this--a sketch within a sketch--a dream within _a dream_.
+    Wherever we see it, the lines of the great buttress in the
+    fragment of stone, the hues of the waterfall, copied in the
+    flowers that _star_ its bordering mosses, we are _delighted_;
+    for all the lineaments become _fluent_, and we mould the scene
+    in congenial thought with its _genius_.'
+
+"Now all this is precisely as Miss Fuller would _speak_ it. She is
+perpetually saying just such things in just such words. To get the
+_conversational_ woman in the mind's eye, all that is needed is to
+imagine her reciting the paragraph just quoted: but first let us have
+the _personal_ woman. She is of the medium height; nothing remarkable
+about the figure; a profusion of lustrous light hair; eyes a bluish
+gray, full of fire; capacious forehead; the mouth when in repose
+indicates profound sensibility, capacity for affection, for love--when
+moved by a slight smile, it becomes even beautiful in the intensity
+of this expression; but the upper lip, as if impelled by the action
+of involuntary muscles, habitually uplifts itself, conveying the
+impression of a sneer. Imagine, now, a person of this description
+looking at you one moment earnestly in the face, at the next seeming
+to look only within her own spirit or at the wall; moving nervously
+every now and then in her chair; speaking in a high key, but
+musically, deliberately, (not hurriedly or loudly,) with a delicious
+distinctness of enunciation--speaking, I say, the paragraph in
+question, and emphasizing the words which I have italicized, not by
+impulsion of the breath, (as is usual) but by drawing them out as long
+as possible, nearly closing her eyes, the while--imagine all this, and
+we have both the woman and the authoress before us."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[FROM THE NEW YORK TRIBUNE.]
+
+ON THE DEATH OF S. MARGARET FULLER.
+
+BY G.F.R. JAMES
+
+  High hopes and bright thine early path bedecked,
+    And aspirations beautiful, though wild,
+  A heart too strong, a powerful will unchecked,
+    A dream that earth-things could be undefiled.
+
+  But soon, around thee, grew a golden chain,
+    That bound the woman to more human things,
+  And taught with joy--and, it may be, with pain--
+    That there are limits e'en to Spirits' wings.
+
+  Husband and child--the loving and beloved--
+    Won, from the vast of thought, a mortal part,
+  The empassioned wife and mother, yielding, proved
+    Mind has, itself, a master--in the heart.
+
+  In distant lands enhaloed by old fame
+    Thou found'st the only chain the spirit knew,
+  But, captive, led'st thy captors from the shame
+    Of ancient freedom, to the pride of new.
+
+  And loved hearts clung around thee on the deck,
+    Welling with sunny hopes 'neath sunny skies;
+  The wide horizon round thee had no speck;
+    E'en Doubt herself could see no cloud arise.
+
+  The loved ones clung around thee, when the sail,
+    O'er wide Atlantic billows, onward bore
+  Thy freight of joys, and the expanding gale
+    Pressed the glad bark toward thy native shore.
+
+  The loved ones clung around thee still, when all
+    Was darkness, tempest, terror, and dismay--
+  More closely clung around thee, when the pall
+    Of fate was falling o'er the mortal clay.
+
+  With them to live--with them, with them to die--
+    Sublime of human love intense and fine!
+  Was thy last prayer unto the Deity,
+    And it was granted thee by love divine.
+
+  In the same billow--in the same dark grave--
+    Mother, and child, and husband find their rest.
+  The dream is ended; and the solemn wave
+    Gives back the gifted to her country's breast.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+An Illustration of the high prices paid to fortunate artists in these
+times may be found in the fact that Alboni, the famous contralto
+singer, has been engaged to sing at Madrid, at the enormous rate of
+$400 dollars per day, while Roger, the tenor, who used to sing at the
+Comic Opera at Paris, and who was transplanted to the Grand Opera to
+assist in the production of Meyerbeer's "Prophet," has been engaged
+to sing with her at the more moderate salary of $8000 a month. This
+is almost equal to the extravagant sum guaranteed to Jenny Lind for
+performing in this country. It would be a curious inquiry why singers
+and dancers are always paid so much more exorbitantly than painters,
+sculptors or musical composers, especially as the pleasure they
+confer is of a merely evanescent character, while the works of the
+latter remain a perpetual source of delight and refinement to all
+generations.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FRASER'S MAGAZINE UPON THE POETS AND POETRY OF AMERICA.
+
+The last number of _Fraser's Magazine_ has a long article upon THE
+POETS AND POETRY OF AMERICA, in which the subject is treated with more
+than the customary civility of English criticism upon this subject. We
+are half inclined, indeed, to believe the article was written "above
+Bleecker," or by an inhabitant of that quarter now in London. Omitting
+the illustrative extracts, we copy the greater portion of the review,
+in which most of those who are admitted to be poets are characterized.
+
+"When Halleck said of New York--
+
+            Our fourteen wards
+  Contain some seven-and-thirty-bards,
+
+he rather understated than exaggerated the fact. Mr. Griswold, besides
+the ninety regular poets in his collection, gives an appendix of about
+seventy fugitive pieces by as many authors; and bitter complaints
+have been made against him in various quarters for not including
+some seventy, or a hundred and seventy more, 'who,' it is said, and
+probably with truth, 'have as good a right to be there as many of
+those admitted.' Still it is possible to pick out a few of general
+reputation, whom literati from all parts of the Union would agree
+in sustaining as specimens of distinguished American poets, though
+they would differ in assigning their relative position. Thus, if the
+Republic had to choose a laureate, Boston would probably deposit a
+nearly unanimous vote for Longfellow; the suffrages of New York might
+he divided between Bryant and Halleck; and the southern cities would
+doubtless give a large majority for Poe. But these gentlemen, and
+some three or four more, would be acknowledged by all as occupying
+the first rank. Perhaps, on the whole, the preponderance of native
+authority justifies us in heading the list with Bryant, who, at any
+rate, has the additional title of seniority in authorship, if not in
+actual years.
+
+"William Cullen Bryant is, as we learn from Mr. Griswold, about
+fifty-five years old, and was born in Massachusetts, though his
+literary career is chiefly associated with New York, of which he is
+a resident. With a precocity extraordinary, even in a country where
+precocity is the rule instead of the exception, he began to write _and
+publish_ at the age of thirteen, and has, therefore, been full forty
+years before the American public, and that not in the capacity of
+poet alone--having for more than half that period edited the _Evening
+Post_, one of the ablest and most respectable papers in the United
+States, and the oldest organ, we believe, of the Democratic party in
+New York. He has been called, and with justice, a poet of nature.
+The prairie solitude, the summer evening landscape, the night wind of
+autumn, the water-bird flitting homeward through the twilight--such
+are the favorite subjects of inspiration. _Thanatopsis_, one of
+his most admired pieces, was written at the age of _eighteen_, and
+exhibits a finish of style, no less than a maturity of thought, very
+remarkable for so youthful a production. Mr. Bryant's poems have
+been for some years pretty well known on this side the water,--better
+known, at any rate, than any other transatlantic verses; on which
+account, being somewhat limited for space, we forbear to make any
+extracts from them.
+
+"FITZ-GREENE HALLECK is also a New-Englander by birth and a New Yorker
+by adoption. He is Bryant's contemporary and friend, but the spirit
+and style of his versification are very different; and so, it is
+said, are his political affinities. While Bryant is a bulwark of
+the Democracy, Halleck is reported to be not only an admirer of the
+obsolete Federalists, but an avowed Monarchist. To be sure, this is
+only his private reputation: no trace of such a feeling is observable
+in his writings, which show throughout a sturdy vein of republicanism,
+social and political. In truth, the party classification of American
+literary men is apt to puzzle the uninitiated. Thus Washington Irving
+is said to belong to the Democrats; but it would be hard to find in
+his writings anything countenancing their claim upon him. His sketches
+of English society are a panegyric of old institutions; and the fourth
+book of his _Knickerbocker_ is throughout a palpable satire on the
+administration of Thomas Jefferson, the great apostle of Democracy.
+Perhaps, however, he may since have changed his views. Willis, too,
+the 'Free Penciler,' who has been half his life prating about lords
+and ladies, and great people, and has become a sort of Jenkins to
+the fashionable life of New York; he also is one of the Democratic
+party. Peradventure he may vote the 'Locofoco ticket' in the hope
+of propitiating _the boys_ (as the _canaille_ of American cities are
+properly called), and saving his printing-office from the fate of the
+Italian Opera House in Astor Place. But what shall we say of Cooper,
+who, by his anti-democratic opinions, has made himself one of the most
+unpopular men in his country, and whose recent political novels rival
+the writings of Judge Haliburton in the virulence as well as the
+cleverness of their satire upon Republican institutions? He, too, is
+a Democrat. To us, who are not behind the curtain, these things are
+a mystery incapable of explanation. To return to our present subject.
+Halleck made his _début_ in the poetical world by some satirical
+pieces called _The Croakers_, which created as much sensation at their
+appearance as the anonymous _Salmagundi_ which commenced Irving's
+literary career. These were succeeded by _Fanny_, a poem in the
+_Don Juan_ metre. _Fanny_ has no particular plot or story, but is a
+satirical review of all the celebrities, literary, fashionable, and
+political, of New York at that day (1821). And the satire was probably
+very good at the time and in the place; but, unfortunately for the
+extent and permanence of its reputation, most of these celebrities are
+utterly unknown, not merely beyond the limits of the Union, but beyond
+those of New York. Among all the personages enumerated we can find
+but two names that an European reader would be likely to know anything
+about,--Clinton and Van Buren. Nay, more, in the rapid growth and
+change of things American, the present generation of New Yorkers are
+likely to lose sight of the lions of their immediate progenitors; and
+unless some Manhattanese scholiast should write a commentary on the
+poem in time, its allusions, and with them most of its wit, will be
+in danger of perishing entirely. What we _can_ judge of in _Fanny_ are
+one or two graceful lyrics interspersed in it, though even these are
+marred by untimely comicality and local allusions. The nominal hero,
+while wandering about at night after the wreck of his fortunes, hears
+a band playing outside a public place of entertainment. It must have
+been a better band than that which now, from the Museum opposite the
+Astor House, drives to frenzy the hapless stranger.... In Halleck's
+subsequent productions the influence of Campbell is more perceptible
+than that of Byron, and with manifest advantage. It may be said of his
+compositions, as it can be affirmed of few American verses, that they
+have a real innate harmony, something not dependent on the number of
+syllables in each line, or capable of being dissected out into feet,
+but growing in them, as it were, and created by the fine ear of the
+writer. Their sentiments, too, are exalted and ennobling; eminently
+genial and honest, they stamp the author for a good man and
+true,--Nature's aristocracy.... For some unexplained reason Halleck
+has not written, or at least not published, anything new for several
+years, though continually solicited to do so; for he is a great
+favorite with his countrymen, especially with the New Yorkers. His
+time, however, has been by no means passed in idleness. Fashionable
+as writing is in America, it is not considered desirable or, indeed,
+altogether reputable, that the poet should be _only_ a poet. Halleck
+has been in business most of his life; and was lately head-clerk
+of the wealthy merchant, John Jacob Astor, who left him a handsome
+annuity. This was increased by Mr. Astor's son and heir, a man of
+well-known liberality; so that between the two there is a chance
+of the poet's being enabled to 'meditate the tuneful Muse' for the
+remainder of his days free from all distractions of business.
+
+"LONGFELLOW, the pet poet of Boston, is a much younger man than either
+Bryant or Halleck, and has made his reputation only within the last
+twelve years, during which time he has been one of the most noted
+lions of American Athens. The city of Boston, as every one knows who
+has been there, or who has met with any book or man emanating from
+it, claims to be the literary metropolis of the United States, and
+assumes the slightly-pretending _soubriquet_ just quoted. The American
+Athenians have their thinking and writing done for them by a coterie
+whose distinctive characteristics are Socinianism in theology, a
+prćter-Puritan prudery in ethics, a German tendency in metaphysics,
+and throughout all a firm persuasion that Boston is the fountain-head
+of art, scholarship, and literature for the western world, and
+particularly that New York is a Nazareth in such things, out of which
+can come nothing good. For the Bostonians, who certainly cultivate
+literature with more general devotion, if not always with more
+individual success than the New Yorkers, can never forgive their
+commercial neighbors for possessing by birth the two most eminent
+prose-writers of the country--Irving and Cooper; and by adoption, two
+of the leading poets--Bryant and Halleck. Nor are the good people of
+the 'Empire State' slow to resent these exhibitions of small jealousy;
+but, on the contrary, as the way of the world is, they are apt to
+retort by greater absurdities. So shy are they of appearing to be
+guided by the dicta of their eastern friends, that to this day there
+is scarcely man or woman on Manhattan Island who will confess a
+liking for Tennyson, Mrs. Barrett Browning, or Robert Browning, simply
+because these poets were taken up and patronized (metaphorically
+speaking, of course,) by the 'Mutual Admiration Society' of Boston.
+
+"The immediate influences of this _camaraderie_ are highly flattering
+and apparently beneficial to the subject of them, but its ultimate
+effects are most injurious to the proper development of his powers.
+When the merest trifles that a man throws off are inordinately
+praised, he soon becomes content with producing the merest trifles.
+Longfellow has grown unaccustomed to do himself justice. Half his
+volumes are filled up with translations; graceful and accurate,
+indeed; but translations, and often from originals of very moderate
+merit. His last original poem, _Evangeline_, is a sort of pastoral
+in hexameters. The resuscitation of this classical metre had a queer
+effect upon the American quidnuncs. Some of the _critics_ evidently
+believed it to be a bran-new metre invented for the nonce by the
+author, a delusion which they of the 'Mutual Admiration' rather winked
+at; and the parodists who endeavored to ridicule the new measure were
+evidently not quite sure whether seven feet or nine made a hexameter.
+It is really to be regretted that Longfellow has been cajoled into
+playing these tricks with himself, for his earlier pieces were works
+of much promise, and, had they been worthily followed out, might
+have entitled him to a high place among the poets of the language....
+Longfellow's poetry, whenever he really lays himself out to write
+poetry, has a definite idea and purpose in it--no small merit
+now-a-days. His versification is generally harmonious, and he displays
+a fair command of metre. Sometimes he takes a fancy to an obsolete
+or out-of-the-way stanza; one of his longest and best poems, _The
+Skeleton in Armor_, is exactly in the measure of Drayton's fine
+ballad on Agincourt. His chief fault is an over-fondness for simile
+and metaphor. He seems to think indispensable the introduction into
+everything he writes of a certain (or sometimes a very uncertain)
+number of these figures. Accordingly his poems are crowded with
+comparisons, sometimes very pretty and pleasing, at others so
+far-fetched that the string of tortured images which lead off Alfred
+de Musset's bizarre _Ode to the Moon_ can hardly equal them. This
+_making figures_ (whether from any connection with the calculating
+habits of the people or not) is a terrible propensity of American
+writers, whether of prose or verse. Their orators are especial sinners
+in this respect. We have seen speeches stuck as full of metaphors
+(more or less mixed) as Burton's _Anatomy_ is of quotations.
+
+"Such persons as know from experience that literary people are not
+always in private life what their writings would betoken, that
+Miss Bunions do not precisely resemble March violets, and mourners
+upon paper may be laughers over mahogany--such persons will not be
+surprised to hear that the Longfellow is a very jolly fellow, a lover
+of fun and good dinners, and of an amiability and personal popularity
+that have aided not a little the popularity of his writings in
+verse and prose--for he writes prose too, prettier, quainter, more
+figurative, and more poetic if anything, than his poetry. He is also a
+professor at Harvard College, near Boston.
+
+"EDGAR A. POE, like Longfellow and most of the other American poets,
+wrote prose as well as poetry, having produced a number of wild,
+grotesque, and powerfully-imagined tales; unlike most of them he was
+a literary man _pur sang_. He depended for support entirely on his
+writings, and his career was more like the precarious existence of
+an author in the time of Johnson and Savage than the decent life of
+an author in our own day. He was a Southerner by birth, acquired a
+liberal education, and what the French call 'expansive' tastes, was
+adopted by a rich relative, quarreled with him, married 'for love,'
+and lived by editing magazines in Richmond, Philadelphia, and New
+York; by delivering lectures (the never-failing last resort of the
+American literary adventurer); by the occasional subscriptions of
+compassionate acquaintances or admiring friends--any way he could--for
+eighteen or nineteen years: lost his wife, involved himself in endless
+difficulties, and finally died in what should have been the prime of
+his life, about six months ago. His enemies attributed his untimely
+death to intemperance; his writings would rather lead to the belief
+that he was an habitual taker of opium. If it make a man a poet to be
+
+  Dowered with the hate of hate, the scorn of scorn,
+  The love of love,
+
+Poe was certainly a poet. Virulently and ceaselessly abused by his
+enemies (who included a large portion of the press), he was worshiped
+to infatuation by his friends. The severity of his editorial
+criticisms, and the erratic course of his life, fully account for the
+former circumstance; the latter is probably to be attributed, in part
+at least, to pity for his mishaps.
+
+"If Longfellow's poetry is best designated as quaint, Poe's may most
+properly be characterized as fantastic. The best of it reminds one
+of Tennyson, not by any direct imitation of particular passages, but
+by its general air and tone. But he was very far from possessing
+Tennyson's fine ear for melody. His skill in versification, sometimes
+striking enough, was evidently artificial; he overstudied metrical
+expression and overrated its value so as sometimes to write, what
+were little better than nonsense-verses, for the rhythm. He had an
+incurable propensity for refrains, and when he had once caught a
+harmonious cadence, appeared to think it could not be too often
+repeated. Poe's name is usually mentioned in connection with _The
+Raven_, a poem which he published about five years ago. It had an
+immense run, and gave rise to innumerable parodies--those tests of
+notoriety if not of merit. And certainly it is not without a peculiar
+and fantastic excellence in the execution, while the conception is
+highly striking and poetic. This much notice seems due to a poem which
+created such a sensation in the author's country. To us it seems by
+no means the best of Poe's productions; we much prefer, for instance,
+this touching allegory, which was originally embodied in one of his
+wildest tales, _The Haunted Palace_. In the very same volume with this
+are some verses that Poe wrote when a boy, and some that a boy might
+be ashamed of writing. Indeed the secret of rejection seems to be
+little known to Transatlantic bards. The rigidness of self-criticism
+which led Tennyson to ignore and annihilate, so far as in him lay,
+full one half of his earlier productions, would hardly be understood
+by them. This is particularly unlucky in the case of Poe, whose rhymes
+sometimes run fairly away with him, till no purpose or meaning is
+traceable amid a jingle of uncommon and fine-sounding words....
+
+"Though Poe was a Southerner, his poetry has nothing in it suggestive
+of his peculiar locality. It is somewhat remarkable that the
+slave-holding, which has tried almost all other means of excusing or
+justifying itself before the world, did not think of 'keeping a poet,'
+and engaging the destitute author from its own territory to sing the
+praises of 'the patriarchal institution.' And it would have been
+a fair provocation that the Abolitionists had their poet already.
+Indeed several of the northern poets have touched upon this subject;
+Longfellow, in particular, has published a series of spirited
+and touching anti-slavery poems; but the man who has made it his
+_specialité_ is JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER, a Quaker, literary editor of
+the _National Era_, an Abolition and ultra-Radical paper, which, in
+manful despite of Judge Lynch, is published at Washington, between the
+slave-pens and the capitol. His verses are certainly obnoxious to the
+jurisdiction of that notorious popular potentate, being unquestionably
+'inflammatory, incendiary, and insurrectionary,' as the Southern
+formula goes, in a very high degree. He makes passionate appeals to
+the Puritan spirit of New England, and calls on her sons to utter
+their voice,
+
+  ... From all her wild green mountains,
+    From valleys where her slumbering fathers lie,
+  From her blue rivers and her welling fountains,
+        And clear cold sky--
+  From her rough coast, and isles, which hungry Ocean
+    Gnaws with his surges--from the fisher's skiff,
+  With white sails swaying to the billow's motion
+        Round rock and cliff--
+  From the free fireside of her unbought farmer,
+    From her free laborer at his loom and wheel.
+  From the brown smithy where, beneath the hammer,
+        Rings the red steel--
+  From each and all, if God hath not forsaken
+    Our land and left us to an evil choice;--
+
+"and protest against the shocking anomaly of slavery in a free
+country. At times, when deploring the death of some fellow laborer in
+the cause, he falls into a somewhat subdued strain, though even then
+there is more of spirit and fire in his verses than one naturally
+expects from a follower of George Fox; but on such occasions he
+displays a more careful and harmonious versification than is his
+wont. There is no scarcity of these elegies in his little volume,
+the _Abolitionists_, even when they escape the attentions of the
+high legal functionary already alluded to, not being apparently a
+long-lived class.
+
+"_Toujours perdrix_ palls in poetry as in cookery; we grow tired after
+awhile of invectives against governors of slave-states and mercenary
+persons, and dirges for untimely perished Abolitionists. The wish
+suggests itself that Whittier would not always
+
+    'Give up to a party what is meant for mankind,'
+
+but sometimes turn his powers in another direction. Accordingly, it is
+a great relief to find him occasionally trying his hand on the early
+legends of New England and Canada, which do not suffer such ballads as
+_St. John_....
+
+"Whittier is less known than several other Western bards to the
+English reader, and we think him entitled to stand higher on the
+American Parnassus than most of his countrymen would place him. His
+faults--harshness and want of polish--are evident; but there is
+more life, and spirit, and soul in his verses, than in those of
+eight-ninths of Mr. Griswold's immortal ninety.
+
+"From political verse (for the anti-slavery agitation must be
+considered quite as much a political as a moral warfare) the
+transition is natural to satire and humorous poetry. Here we find no
+lack of matter, but a grievous short-coming in quality. The Americans
+are no contemptible humorists in prose, but their fun cannot be set
+to verse. They are very fond of writing parodies, yet we have scarcely
+ever seen a good parody of American origin. And their satire is
+generally more distinguished for personality and buffoonery than
+wit. Halleck's _Fanny_ looks as if it might be good, did we only know
+something of the people satirized in it. The reputed comic poet of the
+country at present is OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, a physician. Whether
+it was owing to the disappointment caused by hearing too much in his
+praise beforehand we will not pretend to say, but it certainly did
+seem to us that Dr. Holmes' efforts in this line must originally
+have been intended to act upon his patients emetically. After a
+conscientious perusal of the doctor, the most readable, and about the
+only presentable thing we can find in him, is the bit of seriocomic
+entitled _The Last Leaf_.
+
+"But within the last three years there has arisen in the United States
+a satirist of genuine excellence, who, however, besides being but
+moderately appreciated by his countrymen, seems himself in a great
+measure to have mistaken his real forte. JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL, one of
+the Boston coterie, has for some time been publishing verses, which
+are by the coterie duly glorified, but which are in no respect
+distinguishable from the ordinary level of American poetry, except
+that they combine an extraordinary pretension to originality, with a
+more than usually palpable imitation of English models. Indeed, the
+failure was so manifest, that the American literati seem, in this
+one case, to have rebelled against Boston dictation, and there is
+sufficient internal evidence that such of them as do duty for critics
+handled Mr. Lowell pretty severely. Violently piqued at this, and
+simultaneously conceiving a disgust for the Mexican war, he was
+impelled by both feelings to take the field as a satirist: to the
+former we owe the _Fable for Critics_; to the latter, the _Biglow
+Papers_. It was a happy move, for he has the rare faculty of writing
+_clever doggerel_. Take out the best of _Ingoldsby_, Campbell's rare
+piece of fun _The Friars of Dijon_, and perhaps a little of Walsh's
+_Aristophanes_, and there is no contemporary verse of the class with
+which Lowell's may not fearlessly stand a comparison; for, observe, we
+are not speaking of mock heroics like Bon Gaultier's, which are only
+a species of parody, but of real doggerel, the Rabelaisque of poetry.
+The _Fable_ is somewhat on the Ingoldsby model,--that is to say, a
+good part of its fun consists in queer rhymes, double, treble,
+or poly-syllabic; and it has even Barham's fault--an occasional
+over-consciousness of effort, and calling on the reader to admire, as
+if the _tour de force_ could not speak for itself. But _Ingoldsby's_
+rhymes will not give us a just idea of the _Fable_ until we superadd
+Hook's puns; for the fabulist has a pleasant knack of making
+puns--outrageous and unhesitating ones--exactly of the kind to set
+off the general style of his verse. The sternest critic could hardly
+help relaxing over such a bundle of them as are contained in Apollo's
+lament over the 'treeification' of his Daphne.... The _Fable_ is a
+sort of review in verse of American poets. Much of the Boston leaven
+runs through it; the wise men of the East are all glorified intensely,
+while Bryant and Halleck are studiously depreciated. But though thus
+freely exercising his own critical powers in verse, the author is most
+bitter against all critics in prose, and gives us a ludicrous picture
+of one--
+
+  A terrible fellow to meet in society,
+  Not the toast that he buttered was ever so dry at tea.
+
+And this gentleman is finely shown up for his condemnatory
+predilections and inability to discern or appreciate beauties. The
+cream of the joke against him is, that being sent by Apollo to
+choose a lily in a flower-garden, he brings back a thistle as all he
+could find. The picture is a humorous one, but we are at a loss to
+conjecture who can have sat for it in America, where the tendency
+is all the other way, reviewers being apt to apply the butter of
+adulation with the knife of profusion to every man, woman, or child
+who rushes into print. Some of his complaints, too, against the critic
+sound very odd; as, for instance, that
+
+  His lore was engraft, something foreign that grew in him.
+
+Surely the very meaning of _learning_ is that it is something which
+a man learns--_acquires_ from other sources--does not originate in
+himself. But it is a favorite practice with Mr. Lowell's set to rail
+against dry learning and pedants, while at the same time there are no
+men more fond of showing off cheap learning than themselves: Lowell
+himself never loses an opportunity of bringing in a bit of Greek or
+Latin. Our readers must have known such persons--for, unfortunately,
+the United States has no monopoly of them--men who delight in quoting
+Latin before ladies, talking Penny-Magazine science in the hearing of
+clodhoppers, and preaching of high art to youths who have never had
+the chance of seeing any art at all. _Then_ you will hear them say
+nothing about pedantry. But let a man be present who knows more Greek
+than they do, or who has a higher standard of poetry or painting or
+music, and wo be to him! Him they will persecute to the uttermost.
+What is to be done with such men but to treat them _ŕ la_ Shandon,
+'Give them Burton's _Anatomy_, and leave them to their own abominable
+devices?'
+
+"The _Biglow Papers_ are imaginary epistles from a New England farmer,
+and contain some of the best specimens extant of the 'Yankee,' or New
+England dialect,--better than Haliburton's, for Sam Slick sometimes
+mixes Southern, Western, and even English vulgarities with his Yankee.
+Mr. Biglow's remarks treat chiefly of the Mexican war, and subjects
+immediately connected with it, such as slavery, truckling of
+Northerners to the south, &c. The theme is treated in various ways
+with uniform bitterness. Now he sketches a 'Pious Editors Creed,'
+almost too daring in its Scriptural allusions, but terribly severe
+upon the venal fraternity. At another time he sets one of Calhoun's
+pro-slavery speeches to music. The remarks of the great Nullifier form
+the air of the song, and the incidental remarks of honorable senators
+on the same side make up a rich chorus, their names supplying happy
+tags to the rhymes. But best of all are the letters of his friend the
+returned volunteer, Mr. Birdofredom Sawin, who draws a sad picture
+of the private soldier's life in Mexico. He had gone out with hopes
+of making his fortune. But he was sadly disappointed and equally so
+in his expectations of glory, which 'never got so low down as the
+privates.'
+
+"But it is time to bring this notice to a close not, however, that
+we have by any means exhausted the subject. For have we not already
+stated that there are, at the lowest calculation, ninety American
+poets, spreading all over the alphabet, from Allston, who is
+unfortunately dead, to Willis, who is fortunately living, and writing
+_Court Journals_ for the 'Upper Ten Thousand,' as he has named the
+quasi-aristocracy of New York? And the lady-poets--the poetesses, what
+shall we say of them? Truly it would be ungallant to say anything ill
+of them, and invidious to single out a few among so many; therefore,
+it will be best for us to say--nothing at all about any of them."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+ORIGINAL POETRY.
+
+
+A RETROSPECT.
+
+BY HERMANN.
+
+
+  On this rustic footbridge sitting,
+    I have passed delightful eyes,
+  Moonbeams round about me flitting
+    Through the overhanging leaves.
+
+  With me often came another,
+    When the west wore hues of gold,
+  And 'twas neither sister--brother--
+    One the heart may dearer hold.
+
+  She was fair and lightly moulded,
+    Azure eyed and full of grace;
+  Gentler form was never folded
+    In a lover's warm embrace.
+
+  Oh those hours of sacred converse,
+    Their communion now is o'er
+  And our straying feet shall traverse
+    Those remembered paths no more.
+
+  Hours they were of love and gladness,
+    Fraught with holy vows of truth:
+  Not a single thought of sadness
+    Shadowing o'er the hopes of youth.
+
+  I am sitting sad and lonely
+    Where she often sat with me,
+  And the voice I hear is only
+    Of the silvery streamlet's glee.
+
+  Where is she, whose gentle fingers,
+    Oft were wreathed amidst my hair?
+  Still methinks their pressure lingers,
+    But, ah no! they are not there.
+
+  They are whiter now than ever,
+    In a light I know not of,
+  Sweeping o'er the chords of silver
+    To a song of joy and love.
+
+  Though so lonely I am sitting,
+    This sweet thought of joy may bring,
+  That she still is round me flitting,
+    On an angel's tireless wing.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE AUTHOR OF "ION."
+
+
+"Mr. Talfourd is now a Justice, and we find in the London journals an
+account of a visit to his residence by a deputation from his native
+town, to present to him a silver candelabrum, subscribed for by a
+large number of the inhabitants of the borough, of all parties. The
+base of the candelabrum is a tripod, on which stands a group of three
+female figures; representing Law, Justice, and Poetry, the two former
+modeled from Flaxman's sculpture on Lord Mansfield's monument in
+Westminster Abbey, the latter from a drawing of the Greek Antique,
+bearing a scroll inscribed with the word "Ion" in Greek characters.
+The arms of Mr. Talfourd and of the borough of Reading are engraved on
+the base. The testimonial was presented to the Justice in the presence
+of his family, including the venerable Mrs. Talfourd, his mother,
+and a large circle of private friends. In answer to the gentleman who
+presented the testimonial, Mr. Talfourd replied:
+
+"If I felt that the circumstances of this hour, and the eloquent
+kindness which has enriched it, appealed for a response only to
+personal qualities, I should be too conscious of the poverty of such
+materials for an answer to attempt one; but the associations they
+suggest expand into wider circles than self impels, and while they
+teach me that this occasion is not for the indulgence of vanity,
+but for the cultivation of humble thankfulness, they impart a nobler
+significance to your splendid gift and to your delightful praise. They
+remind me that my intellectual being has, from its first development,
+been nurtured by the partiality of those whom, living and dead, you
+virtually represent to-day; they concentrate the wide-spread instances
+of that peculiar felicity in my lot whereby I have been privileged to
+find aid, comfort, inspiration, and allowance in that local community
+amidst which my life began; and they invite me, from that position
+which once bounded my furthest horizon of personal hope, to live along
+the line of past existence; to recognize the same influence everywhere
+pervading it: and to perceive how its struggles have been assisted;
+its errors softened down or vailed, and its successes enhanced, by the
+constant presence of home-born regards. Embracing in a rapid glance
+the events of many years, I call to mind how at an early age--earlier
+than is generally safe or happy for youths--the incidents of life,
+supplying an unusual stimulus to ordinary powers, gave vividness to
+those dreams of human excellence and progress which, at some time,
+visit all; how by the weakness which precluded them from assuming
+those independent shapes which require the plastic force of higher
+powers, they became associated with the scenes among which they were
+cherished, and clove to them with earnest grasp; and how the fervid
+expressions which that combination prompted, were accepted by generous
+friends as indicating faculties 'beyond the reaches of my soul,'
+and induced them to encourage me by genial prophecies which, with
+unwearied purpose, they endeavored to fulfill. I renew that golden
+season when such vague aspirations were at once cherished and
+directed by the Christian wisdom of the venerated master of Reading
+School--who, during his fifty years of authority, made the name of
+our town a household word to successive generations of scholars,
+who honored him in all parts of the world, and all departments of
+society--whose long life was one embodied charity--and who gave
+steadiness and object to those impulses in me which else might have
+ended, as they began, in dreams. I remember, when pausing on the
+slippery threshold of active life, and looking abroad on the desolate
+future, how the earnestness of my friends gave me courage, and
+emboldened me, with no patrons but themselves, to enter the profession
+of my choice by its most dim and laborious avenue, and to brace myself
+for four years of arduous pupilage; how they crowded with pleasures
+the intervals of holiday I annually enjoyed among them during that
+period, and another of equal length passed in a special pleader's
+anxieties and toils; how they greeted with praise, sweeter than
+the applause of multitudes to him who wins it, the slender literary
+effusions by which I supplied the deficiency of professional income;
+and how, when I dared the hazard of the bar, they provided for me
+opportunities such as riper scholars and other advocates wait long
+for, by confiding important matters to my untried hands; how they
+encircled my first tremulous efforts by an atmosphere of affectionate
+interest, roused my faint heart to exertion, absorbed the fever that
+hung upon its beatings, and strengthened my first perceptions of
+capacity to make my thoughts and impressions intelligible, on the
+instant, to the minds of courts and juries. The impulse thus given to
+my professional success at Reading, and in the sessions of Berkshire
+during twelve years, gradually extended its influence through my
+circuit, until it raised me to a position among its members beyond
+my deserts and equal to my wishes. Another opening of fortune
+soon dawned on me; in the maturity of life I aspired to a seat
+in parliament--rather let me say, to _that_ seat which only I
+coveted--and then, almost without solicitation, from many surviving
+patrons of my childhood, and from the sons of others who inherited the
+kindness of their fathers, I received an honor more precious to me as
+the token of concentrated regards than as the means of advancement;
+yet greatly heightened in practical importance by the testimony
+it implied from the best of all witnesses. That honor, three times
+renewed, was attended by passages of excitement which look dizzy even
+in the distance--with much on my part requiring allowance, and much
+allowance rendered by those to whom my utmost services were due; with
+the painful consciousness of wide difference of opinion between some
+of my oldest friends and myself, and with painful contests which those
+differences rendered inevitable, yet cheered by attachments which
+the vivid lights struck out in the conflict of contending passions
+exhibited in scatheless strength, until I received that appointment
+which dissolved the parliamentary connection, and with it annihilated
+all the opposition of feeling which had sometimes saddened it, and
+invested the close of my life with the old regard, as unclouded by
+controversy as when it illumined its opening. And now the expressions
+of your sympathy await me, when, by the gracious providence of God,
+I have been permitted to enter on a course of less fervid action, of
+serener thought, of plainer duty. For me political animosities are
+forever hushed and absorbed in one desire, which I share with you
+all, for the happiness and honor of our country, and the peaceful
+advancement of our species; and all the feverish excitements and
+perils of advocacy, its ardent partisanship with various interests,
+anxieties, and passions, are displaced by the office of seeking to
+discover truth and to maintain justice. I am no longer incited to
+aspire to public favor, even under your auspices: my course is marked
+right onward--to be steadily trodden, whether its duties may accord
+with the prevalent feeling of the hour, or may oppose the temporary
+injustice of its generous errors: but it is not forbidden me to prize
+the esteem of those who have known me longest and best, and to indulge
+the hope that I may retain it to the last. To encourage me in the
+aim still to deserve that esteem, I shall look on this gift of those
+numbers of my townsmen whose regards have just found such cordial
+expression. I shall cherish it as a memorial of earliest hopes
+that gleam out from the depth of years; as a memorial of a thousand
+incentives to virtuous endeavor, of sacred trusts, of delighted
+solaces; as a memorial of affections which have invested a being,
+frail, sensitive, and weak, with strength not its own, and under God,
+have insured for it an honorable destiny; as a memorial of this hour,
+when, in the presence of those who are nearest and dearest to me on
+earth, my course has been pictured in the light of those friendships
+which have gladdened it--an hour of which the memory and the influence
+will not pass away, but, I fondly trust, will incite those who will
+bear my name after me, and to whose charge this gift will be confided
+when I shall cease to behold it, better to deserve, though they cannot
+more dearly appreciate, such a succession of kindnesses as that to
+which the crowning grace is now added, and for which, with my whole
+heart, I thank you."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Cultivate and exercise a serene faith, and you shall acquire wonderful
+power and insight; its results are sure and illimitable, moulding and
+moving to its purposes equally spirit, mind, and matter. It is the
+power-endowing essential of all action.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+RECENT DEATHS.
+
+
+Under this head we have rarely to present so many articles as are
+demanded by the foreign journals received during the week, and by the
+melancholy disaster which caused the death of the MARCHESA D'OSSOLI,
+with her husband, and Mr. SUMNER. Of MARGARET FULLER D'OSSOLI a sketch
+is given in the preceding pages, and we reserve for our next number
+an article upon the history of Sir ROBERT PEEL. The death of this
+illustrious person has caused a profound sensation not only in Great
+Britain, but throughout Europe. In the House of Lords, most eloquent
+and impressive speeches upon the exalted character of the deceased,
+and the irreparable loss of the country, were delivered by the Marquis
+of Lansdowne, Lord Stanley, Lord Brougham, the Duke of Wellington,
+and the Duke of Cleveland, and in the House of Commons, by Lord John
+Russell, and Messrs. Hume, Gladstone, Goulburn, Herries, Napier,
+Inglis and Somervile. The House, in testimony of its grief, adjourned
+without business, an act without precedent, except in case of death
+in the royal family. A noble tribute of respect was also paid by the
+French Assembly to the memory of Sir Robert Peel. The President, M.
+Dupin, pronounced an affecting eulogy upon the deceased, which was
+received with the liveliest sympathy by the Chamber, and was ordered
+to be recorded in its journal. A compliment like this is totally
+unprecedented in France, and the death of no other foreigner in the
+world could have elicited it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOYER, EX-PRESIDENT OF HAYTI.
+
+Jean Pierre Boyer, a mulatto, distinguished in affairs, and for his
+abilities and justice, was born at Port-au-Prince, on the 6th of
+February, 1776. His father, by some said to have been of mixed blood,
+was a tailor and shopkeeper, of fair reputation and some property, and
+his mother a negress from Congo in Africa, who had been a slave in
+the neighborhood. He joined the French Commissioners, Santhonax and
+Polverel, in whose company, after the arrival of the English, he
+withdrew to Jacqemel. Here he attached himself to Rigaud, set out
+with him to France, and was captured on his passage by the Americans,
+during the war between France and the United States. Being released
+at the end of the war, he proceeded to Paris, where he remained until
+the organization of Le Clerc's expedition against St. Domingo. This
+expedition he with many other persons of color joined; but on the
+death of Le Clerc he attached himself to the party of Petion, with
+whom he acted during the remainder of that chieftain's life, which
+terminated on the 29th of March, 1818. Under Petion he rose from
+the post of aid-de-camp and private secretary to be general of
+the arrondissement of Port-au-Prince; and Petion named him for
+the succession in the Presidency, to which he was inducted without
+opposition. When the revolution broke out in the northern part of the
+island, in 1820, Boyer was invited by the insurgents to place himself
+at their head; and on the death of Christophe, the northern and
+southern parts of the island were united under his administration
+into one government, under the style of the Republic of Hayti. In
+the following year the Spanish inhabitants of the eastern part of the
+island voluntarily placed themselves under the government of Boyer,
+who thus became, chiefly by the force of character, without much
+positive effort, the undisputed master of all St. Domingo.
+
+It is not questionable that the productions and general prosperity of
+the island decreased under Boyer's administration. The blacks needed
+the stringent policy of some such tyrant as Christophe. And the
+popularity of Boyer was greatly lessened by his approval or direct
+negotiation of a treaty with France, by which he agreed to pay to
+that country an indemnity of 150,000,000 of francs, in five annual
+instalments. The French Government recognized the independence of
+Hayti, but it was impossible for Boyer to meet his engagements. He
+however conducted the administration with industry, discretion, and
+repose, for fifteen years, when a long-slumbering opposition, for
+his presumed preference of the mulatto to the black population in the
+dispensations of government favor, began to exhibit itself openly.
+When this feeling was manifested in the second chamber of the
+Legislature, in 1843, the promptness and decision with which he
+attempted to suppress it, induced an insurrection among the troops,
+and he was compelled to fly, with about thirty followers, to Jamaica.
+He afterward proceeded to London, and finally to Paris, where he lived
+quietly in the Rue de Madeline, enjoying the respect of many eminent
+men, and surrounded by attached followers who shared his exile, until
+the 10th of July. On the 12th he was buried with appropriate funeral
+honors.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE.
+
+The death of the Duke of Cambridge, brother of the late William IV.,
+occurred the 8th of July, and was quite sudden. He was the seventh
+son of George III., was born in 1774, received his earliest education
+at Kew, and finished his studies at Gottingen. He entered the army,
+and experiencing much active service, was promoted, until in 1813 he
+attained the distinction of Field Marshal. He soon afterward became
+Governor-General of Hanover, and continued to fill that post until
+the accession of the Duke of Cumberland, in 1839. His subsequent life
+presented few features of much interest. His name was to be found as
+a patron and a contributor to many most valuable institutions, and
+he took delight in presiding at benevolent festivals and anniversary
+dinners, when, though without the slightest pretension to eloquence,
+the frankness and _bonhommie_ of his manners, and his simple
+straight-forward earnestness of speech, used to make him an universal
+favorite. He took but little part in the active strife of parties. He
+died in his seventy-seventh year, leaving one son, Prince George of
+Cambridge, and two daughters.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GEORGE W. ERVING.
+
+This distinguished public man died in New York, on the 22d ult. A
+correspondent of the _Evening Post_ gives the following account of his
+history:
+
+"The journals furnish us with a brief notice of the death of the
+venerable George W. Erving, who was for so many years, dating from the
+foundation of our government, connected with the diplomatic history of
+the country, as an able, successful and distinguished negotiator. The
+career of this gentleman has been so marked, and is so instructive,
+that it becomes not less a labor of love than an act of public duty,
+with the press, to make it the occasion of comment. At the breaking
+out of our revolution, the father of the subject of this imperfect
+sketch was an eminent loyalist of Massachusetts, residing in Boston,
+connected by affinity with the Shirleys, the Winslows, the Bowdons,
+and Winthrops of that State. Like many other men of wealth, at that
+day, he joined the royal cause, forsook his country and went to
+England. There his son, George William, who had always been a sickly
+delicate child, reared with difficulty, was educated, and finally
+graduated at Oxford, where he was a classmate of Copley, now Lord
+Lyndhurst. Following this, on the attainment of his majority, and
+during the lifetime of his father, notwithstanding the most powerful
+and seductive efforts to attach him to the side of Great Britain,
+the more persevering from the great wealth, and the intellectual
+attainments of the young American--notwithstanding the importunities
+of misjudging friends and relatives, the incitements found in ties of
+consanguinity with some, and his intimate personal associations with
+many of the young nobility at that aristocratic seat of learning, and
+notwithstanding the blandishments of fashionable society--the love of
+country and the holy inspirations of patriotism, triumphed over all
+the arts that power could control, and those allurements usually so
+potent where youth is endowed with great wealth. The young patriot
+promptly, cheerfully, sacrificed all, for his country--turned his back
+upon the unnatural stepmother, and came back, to share the good or
+evil fortunes of his native land.
+
+"Such facts as these should not be lost sight of at the present
+day--such an example it is well to refer to now, in the day of our
+prosperity. And we would ask--in no ill-natured or censorious spirit,
+but rather that the lessons of history should not be forgotten--how
+many young men of these days under like circumstances, would make
+a similar sacrifice upon the altar of their country? The solemn and
+impressive event which has produced this notice seems to render this
+question not entirely inappropriate; for years should not dim in the
+minds of the rising generation the memory of those pure and strong
+men, who, in the early trials of their country, rose equal to the
+occasion. When, at a later period, political parties began to develop
+themselves, Mr. Erving, then a resident of Boston, identified himself
+with the great republican party, and became actively instrumental in
+securing the election of Thomas Jefferson to the Presidency. From
+that time forward until the day of his death, he never faltered in his
+political faith.
+
+"Few men have been, for so long a period, so intimately connected with
+the diplomatic history of our country. He received his first public
+appointment, as Consul and Commissioner of Claims at London, nearly
+half a century since. This appointment was conferred upon him without
+his solicitation, and was at first declined. Subsequent reflection,
+however, induced him to waive all private and personal considerations,
+and he accepted the post assigned to him. The manner in which he
+discharged the duties of that trust, impressed the government with the
+expediency of securing his services in more important negotiations,
+and he was sent as Commissioner and Charge d'Affaires to Denmark. His
+mission to the court of that country was, at that period, a highly
+important one. The negotiations he had to conduct there, required
+great tact and ability.
+
+"While at Copenhagen, he secured, in an eminent degree, the esteem
+and confidence of the Danish authorities, and brought to a successful
+solution the questions then arising out of the interests committed to
+him. In consequence, the government was enabled to avail itself of
+his experience at the Court of Berlin, where events seemed to require
+the exercise of great diplomatic ability. He was afterward appointed
+to Madrid, where, by his highly honorable personal character, and
+captivating manners, he obtained great influence, even at that most
+proud and distrustful court, and conducted, with consummate skill and
+marked success, the important and delicate negotiations then pending
+between the United States and Spain. He remained at Madrid for many
+years, where he attained the reputation of being one of the most able
+and accomplished diplomatists that the United States had ever sent
+abroad. Upon his final retirement from this post, and, in fact, from
+all public employment, the administration of General Jackson sought
+to secure his services in the mission to Constantinople, but the
+proffered appointment was declined.
+
+"There are many interesting incidents in his public and diplomatic
+career, which a more extended notice would enable us to detail.
+Indeed, we hope that so instructive a life as that of Mr. Erving
+may hereafter find a fit historian. That historian may not have
+to chronicle victories won upon the battle field, but the civic
+achievement he will have to record, if not so dazzling as the former,
+will, at least, be as replete with evidences of public usefulness.
+
+"The latter years of his life were passed in Europe, chiefly in Paris.
+The public agitations consequent upon the last French revolution,
+need of quiet at his advanced age, and the presentiment of approaching
+dissolution, induced him to return home. Indeed it was meet that he
+should close his mortal career in that country which he had so long
+and faithfully served, and whose welfare and happiness had been the
+constant object of his every earthly aspiration."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DR. JOHN BURNS.
+
+Among those who perished in the wreck of the _Orion_, was Dr. John
+Burns, Professor of Surgery in the University of Glasgow, aged about
+eighty years. Dr. Burns held a distinguished place in the medical
+world, for at least half a century, as an author and a teacher. He was
+a son of the Rev. Dr. John Burns, for more than sixty years minister
+of the Barony parish of Glasgow, who died about fourteen years ago,
+at the age of ninety. He was originally intended to be a manufacturer,
+and in his time the necessary training for this business included
+a practical application to the loom. A disease of the knee-joint
+unfitted him for becoming a weaver, and he turned his attention to
+the medical profession, winch the neighboring university afforded him
+easy and ample means of studying. He early entered into business as
+a general practitioner, but his ambition led him very soon to be an
+instructor. In 1800, he published _Dissertations on Inflammation_,
+which raised his name to a high position in the literature of his
+profession. In 1807, he published a kindred volume on Hemorrhage.
+In the mean time he had turned his attention to lecturing, and
+he continued to give, for many years, lectures on midwifery. His
+observations and experience on this subject he offered to the world
+in _The Principles of Midwifery_, a work which has run through
+twelve editions, and been translated into several of the continental
+languages. It is very elaborate and valuable, and as each succeeding
+edition presented the result of the author's increasing experience, it
+became a standard in every medical library. Its chief defect is a want
+of clearness in the arrangement, and sometimes in the language. In
+1815, the crown instituted a Professorship of Surgery in the Glasgow
+University, and the Duke of Montrose, its chancellor, appointed to
+it Mr. Burns, a choice which the voice of the profession generally
+approved. The value of the professorship might average 500l. yearly.
+
+As a professor, Dr. Burns was highly popular. He had a cheerful and
+attractive manner, and was fond of bringing in anecdotes more or less
+applicable, but always enlivening. His language was plain and clear,
+but not always correct or elegant. In personal appearance, he was
+of the middle size, of an anxious and careworn, but gentlemanly
+and intelligent, expression of countenance. In 1830, he published
+_Principles of Surgery_, first volume, which was followed by another.
+This work is confused, both in style and arrangement, and has been
+very little read, but it did credit to his zeal and industry, for he
+had now acquired fame and fortune, and had long had at his command
+the most extensive practice in the west of Scotland. John Burns,
+the younger, had written and published a work on the evidences and
+principles of Christianity, which was extensively read, and went
+through many editions. His name was not at first on the title-page,
+but that it was the production of a medical man was obvious. He gave
+a copy to his father, who shortly after said, "Ah, John, I wish _you_
+could have written such a book!" Dr. Burns has many friends in the
+United States, who were once his pupils. One of the most eminent of
+them is Professor Pattison of the Medical Department of the New York
+University, in this city.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HORACE SUMNER.
+
+This gentleman, one of the victims of the lamentable wreck of the
+Elizabeth, was the youngest son of the late Charles P. Sumner, of
+Boston, for many years Sheriff of Suffolk county, and the brother of
+George Sumner, Esq., of Boston, who is well known for his legal and
+literary eminence throughout the country. He was about twenty-four
+years of ago, and has been abroad for nearly a year, traveling in the
+south of Europe for the benefit of his health. The past winter was
+spent by him chiefly in Florence, where he was on terms of familiar
+intimacy with the Marquis and Marchioness d'Ossoli, and was induced
+to take passage in the same vessel with them for his return to his
+native land. He was a young man of singular modesty of deportment,
+of an original turn of mind, and greatly endeared to his friends
+by the sweetness of his disposition and the purity of his
+character.--_Tribune_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE FINE ARTS.
+
+
+POWERS'S STATUE OF CALHOUN.--An unfortunate fatality appears to wait
+upon the works of Hiram Powers. It is but a few weeks since his "Eve"
+was lost on the coast of Spain, and it is still uncertain here whether
+that exquisite statue is preserved without such injury as materially
+to affect its value. And his masterpiece in history--perhaps his
+masterpiece in all departments--the statue of Calhoun, which has been
+so anxiously looked-for ever since the death of the great senator, was
+buried under the waves in which Madame d'Ossoli and Horace Sumner were
+lost, on the morning of the 19th, near Fire Island. At the time this
+sheet is sent to press we are uncertain as to the recovery of the
+statue, but we hope for the sake of art and for the satisfaction of
+all the parties interested, that it will still reach its destination.
+It is insured in Charleston, and Mr. Kellogg, the friend and agent
+of Mr. Powers, has been at the scene of the misfortune, with all
+necessary means for its preservation, if that be possible.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HORACE VERNET, the great painter, has returned to Paris from St.
+Petersburgh. Offensive reports were current respecting his journey: he
+had been paid, it was alleged, in most princely style by the Emperor,
+for his masterly efforts in translating to canvas the principal
+incidents of the Hungarian and Polish wars. He came back, it was
+declared, loaded and content, with a hundred thousand dollars and a
+kiss--an actual kiss--from his Imperial Majesty. M. Vernet has deemed
+it necessary to publish a letter, correcting what was erroneous in
+these reports. He says:--"In repairing to Russia I was actuated by
+only one desire, and had but a single object, and that was, to thank
+His Majesty, the Emperor, for the honors with which he had already
+loaded me, and for the proofs of his munificence which I had
+previously received. I intended to bring back, and in fact have
+brought back from the journey, nothing but the satisfaction of having
+performed an entirely disinterested duty of respectful gratitude." It
+is true, however, that he lent his powers to illustrate the triumph of
+despotism, and if he brought back no gold the matter is not all helped
+by that fact.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+AUTHORS AND BOOKS.
+
+
+THE REV. JAMES H. PERKINS, of Cincinnati, whose suicide during a fit
+of madness, several months ago, will be generally recollected for
+the many expressions of profound regret which it occasioned, we are
+pleased to learn, is to be the subject of a biography by the Rev. W.H.
+Channing. Mr. Perkins was a man of the finest capacities, and of large
+and genial scholarship. He wrote much, in several departments, and
+almost always well. His historical works, relating chiefly to the
+western States, have been little read in this part of the Union;
+but his contributions to the North American Review and the Christian
+Examiner, and his tales, sketches, essays, and poems, printed under
+various signatures, have entitled him to a desirable reputation as
+a man of letters. These are all to be collected and edited by Mr.
+Channing.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Mrs. ESLING, better known as Miss Catherine H. Waterman, under which
+name she wrote the popular and beautiful lyric, "Brother, Come Home!"
+has in press a collection of her writings, under the title of _The
+Broken Bracelet and other Poems_, to be published by Lindsay &
+Blackiston of Philadelphia.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+M. ROSSEEUW ST. HILAIRE, of Paris, is proceeding with his great work
+on the History of Spain with all the rapidity consistent with the
+nature of the subject and the elaborate studies it requires. The work
+was commenced ten years ago, and has since been the main occupation of
+its author. The fifth volume has just been published, and receives the
+applause of the most competent critics. It includes the time from 1336
+to 1492, which comes down to the very eve of the great discovery of
+Columbus, and includes that most brilliant period, in respect of which
+the history of Prescott has hitherto stood alone, namely, the reign of
+Ferdinand and Isabella. M. St. Hilaire has had access to many sources
+of information not accessible to any former writer, and is said
+to have availed himself of them with all the success that could be
+anticipated from his rare faculty of historical analysis and the
+beautiful transparency of his style.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE REV. ROBERT ARMITAGE, a rector in Shropshire, is the author of
+"Dr. Hookwell," and "Dr. Johnson, his Religious Life and his Death."
+In this last work, the _Quarterly Review_ observes, "Johnson's name is
+made the peg on which to hang up--or rather the line on which to hang
+out--much hackneyed sentimentality, and some borrowed learning, with
+an awful and overpowering quantity of twaddle and rigmarole." The
+writer concludes his reviewal: "We are sorry to have had to make such
+an exposure of a man, who, apart from the morbid excess of vanity
+which has evidently led him into this scrape, may be, for aught we
+know, worthy and amiable. His exposure, however, is on his own
+head: he has ostentatiously and pertinaciously forced his ignorance,
+conceit, and effrontery on public notice." We quite agree with the
+_Quarterly_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+JOHN MILLS--"John St. Hugh Mills," it was written then--was familiarly
+known in the printing offices of Ann street in this city a dozen
+years ago; he assisted General Morris in editing the Mirror, and wrote
+paragraphs of foreign gossip for other journals. A good-natured aunt
+died in England, leaving him a few thousand a year, and he returned
+to spend his income upon a stud and pack and printing office, sending
+from the latter two or three volumes of pleasant-enough mediocrity
+every season. His last work, with the imprint of Colburn, is called
+"Our Country."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Mr. PRESCOTT, the historian, who is now in England, has received the
+degree of Doctor of Civil Law from the University of Oxford. Two or
+three years ago he was elected into the Institute of France.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DR. MAGINN's "Homeric Ballads," which gave so much attraction
+during several years to _Fraser's Magazine_, have been collected and
+republished in a small octavo.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Mr. KENDALL, of the _Picayune_, has sailed once more for Paris, to
+superintend there the completion of his great work on the late war
+in Mexico upon which he has been engaged for the last two years. The
+highest talent has been employed in the embellishment of this book,
+and the care and expense incurred may be estimated from the fact that
+sixty men, coloring and preparing the plates, can finish only one
+hundred and twenty copies in a month. The original sketches were
+taken by a German, Carl Nebel, who accompanied Mr. Kendall in Mexico,
+and drew his battle scenes at the very time of their occurrence. He
+has engaged in the prosecution of the whole enterprise with as much
+zeal and interest as Mr. Kendall himself, and has spared no pains to
+procure the assistance of the most skillful operatives. The book is
+folio in size, and will be published early in the fall. The letter
+press has long been finished, and only waiting for the completion of
+the plates. These are twelve, and their subjects are Palo Alto, the
+Capture of Monterey, Buena Vista: the Landing at Vera Cruz, Cerro
+Gordo, Contreras, Cherubusco, Molino del Rey, two views of the
+Storming of Chapultepec, and Gen. Scott's entrance into the city of
+Mexico. The lithographs are said to be unsurpassed in felicity of
+design, perfection of coloring, and in the animation and expression
+of all the figures and groups. No such finished specimens of colored
+lithography were ever exhibited in this country. The plates will have
+unusual value, not only on account of their intrinsic superiority,
+but because of their rare historical merit, since they are exact
+delineations of the topography of the scenes they represent and
+faithful representations in every particular of the military positions
+and movements at the moment chosen for illustration.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MRS. TROLLOPPE is as busy as she has ever been since the failure of
+her shop at Cincinnati--trading in fiction, with the capital won
+by her first adventure in this way, "The Domestic Manners of the
+Americans." Her last novel, which is just out, has in its title the
+odor of her customary vulgarity; it is called "Petticoat Government."
+Her son, Mr. A. Trolloppe, his just given the world a new book also,
+"La Vendee" a historical romance which is well spoken of.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE REV. DR. WILLIAM R. WILLIAMS, it will gratify the friends of
+literature and religion to learn, has consented to give to the press
+several works upon which he has for some time been engaged. They
+will be published by Gould, Kendall & Lincoln, of Boston. In the next
+number of _The International_ we shall write more largely of this
+subject.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Dr. BUCKLAND, the Dean of Westminster--the eloquent and the learned
+writer of the remarkable "Bridgewater Treatise" is bereft of reason,
+and is now an inmate of an asylum near Oxford.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Dr. WAYLAND's "Tractate on Education," in which he proposes a thorough
+reform in the modes of college instruction, has, we are glad to see,
+had its desired effect. The Providence _Journal_ states that the
+entire subscription to the fund of Brown University has reached
+$110,000, which is within $15,000 of the sum originally proposed.
+The subscription having advanced so far, and with good assurances of
+further aid, the committee have reported to the President, that the
+success of the plan, so far as the money is concerned, may be regarded
+as assured, and that consequently it will be safe to go on with the
+new organization as rapidly as may he deemed advisable. Of the sum
+raised, about $96,000 have come from Providence. A meeting of the
+Corporation of the University will soon be called, when the entire
+plan will be decided upon, and carried into effect as rapidly as so
+important a change can be made with prudence.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR JAMES EMERSON TENNANT has in the press of Mr. Murray a work
+which will probably be read with much interest in this country,
+upon Christianity in Ceylon, its introduction and progress under the
+Portuguese, the Dutch, the British, and the American missions, with a
+Historical View of the Brahminical and Buddhist superstitions.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHARLES EAMES, formerly one of the editors of the Washington _Union_,
+and more recently United States Commissioner to the Sandwich Islands,
+is to be the orator of the societies of Columbia College, at the
+commencement, on the evening of the 6th of October. Bayard Taylor will
+be the poet for the same occasion.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHATEAUBRIAND'S MEMOIRS.--The eleventh and last volume has just been
+published at Paris in the book form, and will soon be completed in
+the _feuilletons_. An additional volume is however to be brought out,
+under the title of "Supplement to the Memoirs."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE THIRD AND FOURTH SERIES of Southey's Common-Place Book are in
+preparation, and they will be reprinted by the Harpers. The third
+contains Analytical Readings, and the fourth, Original Memoranda.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WASHINGTON IRVING's Life of General Washington, in one octavo volume,
+is announced by Murray. It will appear simultaneously from the press
+of Putnam.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MRS. JAMESON has in press Legends of the Monastic Orders, as
+illustrated in art.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Dr. ACHILLI is the subject of an article in the July number of the
+_Dublin Review_--the leading Roman Catholic journal in the English
+language. Of course the history of the missionary is not presented in
+very flattering colors.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[FROM HOUSEHOLD WORDS.]
+
+THE SERF OF POBEREZE.
+
+
+The materials for the following tale were furnished to the writer
+while traveling last year near the spot on which the events it
+narrates took place. It is intended to convey a notion of some of the
+phases of Polish, or rather Russian serfdom (for, as truly explained
+by one of the characters in a succeeding page, it is Russian), and of
+the catastrophes it has occasioned, not only in Catherine's time,
+but occasionally at the present. The Polish nobles--themselves in
+slavery--earnestly desire the emancipation of their serfs, which
+Russian domination forbids.
+
+The small town of Pobereze stands at the foot of a stony mountain,
+watered by numerous springs in the district of Podolia, in Poland. It
+consists of a mass of miserable Cabins, with a Catholic chapel and two
+Greek churches in the midst, the latter distinguished by their gilded
+towers. On one side of the market-place stands the only inn, and on
+the opposite side are several shops, from whose doors and windows
+look out several dirtily dressed Jews. At a little distance, on a hill
+covered with vines and fruit-trees, stands the Palace, which does not,
+perhaps, exactly merit such an appellation, but who would dare to call
+otherwise the dwelling of the lord of the domain?
+
+On the morning when our tale opens, there had issued from this palace
+the common enough command to the superintendent of the estate, to
+furnish the master with a couple of strong boys, for service in the
+stables, and a young girl to be employed in the wardrobe. Accordingly,
+a number of the best-looking young peasants of Olgogrod assembled
+in the avenue leading to the palace. Some were accompanied by their
+sorrowful and weeping parents, in all of whose hearts, however, rose
+the faint whispered hope, "Perhaps it will not be _my_ child they will
+choose!"
+
+Being brought into the court-yard of the palace, the Count Roszynski,
+with the several members of his family, had come out to pass in review
+his growing subjects. He was a small and insignificant-looking man,
+about fifty years of age, with deep-set eyes and overhanging brows.
+His wife, who was nearly of the same age, was immensely stout, with
+a vulgar face and a loud, disagreeable voice. She made herself
+ridiculous in endeavoring to imitate the manners and bearing of the
+aristocracy, into whose sphere she and her husband were determined
+to force themselves, in spite of the humbleness of their origin. The
+father of the "Right-Honorable" Count Roszynski was a valet, who,
+having been a great favorite with his master, amassed sufficient money
+to enable his son, who inherited it, to purchase the extensive estate
+of Olgogrod, and with it the sole proprietorship of 1600 human beings.
+Over them he had complete control; and, when maddened by oppression,
+if they dared resent, woe unto them! They could be thrust into a
+noisome dungeon, and chained by one hand from the light of day for
+years, until their very existence was forgotten by all except the
+jailor who brought daily their pitcher of water and morsel of dry
+bread.
+
+Some of the old peasants say that Sava, father of the young peasant
+girl, who stands by the side of an old woman, at the head of her
+companions in the court-yard, is immured in one of these subterranean
+jails. Sava was always about the Count, who, it was said, had brought
+him from some distant land, with his little motherless child. Sava
+placed her under the care of an old man and woman, who had the charge
+of the bees in a forest near the palace, where he came occasionally to
+visit her. But once, six long months passed, and he did not come! In
+vain Anielka wept, in vain she cried, "Where is my father?" No father
+appeared. At last it was said that Sava had been sent to a long
+distance with a large sum of money, and had been killed by robbers.
+In the ninth year of one's life the most poignant grief is quickly
+effaced, and after six months Anielka ceased to grieve. The old people
+were very kind to her, and loved her as if sue were their own child.
+That Anielka might be chosen to serve in the palace never entered
+their head, for who would be so barbarous as to take the child away
+from an old woman of seventy and her aged husband?
+
+To-day was the first time in her life that she had been so far from
+home. She looked curiously on all she saw,--particularly on a young
+lady about her own age, beautifully dressed, and a youth of eighteen,
+who had apparently just returned from a ride on horse-back, as he held
+a whip in his hand, whilst walking up and down examining the boys who
+were placed in a row before him. He chose two amongst them, and the
+boys were led away to the stables.
+
+"And I choose this young girl," said Constantia Roszynski, indicating
+Anielka; "she is the prettiest of them all. I do not like ugly faces
+about me."
+
+When Constantia returned to the drawing-room, she gave orders for
+Anielka to be taken to her apartments, and placed under the tutelage
+of Mademoiselle Dufour, a French maid, recently arrived from the first
+milliner's shop in Odessa. Poor girl! when they separated her from her
+adopted mother, and began leading her toward the palace, she rushed,
+with a shriek of agony, from them, and grasped her old protectress
+tightly in her arms! They were torn violently asunder, and the Count
+Roszynski quietly asked, "Is it her daughter, or her grand-daughter?"
+
+"Neither, my lord,--only an adopted, child."
+
+"But who will lead the old woman home, as she is blind?"
+
+"I will, my lord," replied one of his servants, bowing to the ground;
+"I will let her, walk by the side of my horse, and when she is in
+her cabin she will have her old husband,--they must take care of each
+other."
+
+So saying, he moved away with the rest of the peasants and domestics.
+But the poor old woman had to be dragged along by two men; for in the
+midst of her shrieks and tears she had fallen to the ground, almost
+without life.
+
+And Anielka? They did not allow her to weep long. She had now to
+sit all day in the corner of a room to sew. She was expected to do
+everything well from the first; and if she did not, she was kept
+without food or cruelly punished. Morning and evening she had to
+help Mdlle. Dufour to dress and undress her mistress. But Constantia,
+although she looked with hauteur on everybody beneath her, and
+expected to be slavishly obeyed, was tolerably kind to the poor
+orphan. Her true torment began, when, on laving her young lady's
+room, she had to assist Mdlle. Dufour. Notwithstanding that she tried
+sincerely to do her best, she was never able to satisfy her, or to
+draw from her naught but harsh reproaches.
+
+Thus two months passed.
+
+One day Mdlle. Dufour went very early to confession, and Anielka was
+seized with an eager longing to gaze once more in peace and freedom
+on the beautiful blue sky and green trees, as she used to do when the
+first rays of the rising sun streamed in at the window of the little
+forest cabin. She ran into the garden. Enchanted by the sight of so
+many beautiful flowers, she went farther and farther along the smooth
+and winding walks. till she entered the forest. She who had been, so
+long away from her beloved trees, roamed where they were thickest.
+Here she gazes boldly around. She sees no one! She is alone! A little
+farther on she meets with a rivulet which flows through the forest.
+Here she remembers that she has not yet prayed. She kneels down, and
+with hands clasped and eyes upturned she begins to sing in a sweet
+voice the Hymn to the virgin.
+
+As she went on she sang louder and with increased fervor. Her breast
+heaved with emotion, her eyes shone with unusual brilliancy; but when
+the hymn was finished she lowered her head, tears began to fall over
+her cheeks, until at last she sobbed aloud. She might have remained
+long in this condition, had not some one come behind her, saying,
+"Do not cry, my poor girl; it is better to sing than to weep." The
+intruder raised her head, wiped her eyes with his handkerchief, and
+kissed her on the forehead.
+
+It was the Count's son, Leon!
+
+"You must not cry," he continued; "be calm, and when the filipony
+(peddlers) come, buy yourself a pretty handkerchief." He then gave
+her a ruble and walked away. Anielka, after concealing the coin in her
+corset, ran quickly back to the palace.
+
+Fortunately, Mdlle. Dufour had not yet returned, and Anielka seated
+herself in her accustomed corner. She often took out the ruble to,
+gaze fondly upon it, and set to work to make a little purse, which,
+having fastened to a ribbon, she hung round her neck. She did not
+dream of spending it, for it would have deeply grieved her to part
+with the gift of the only person in the whole house who had looked
+kindly on her.
+
+From this time Anielka remained always in her young mistress's room;
+she was better dressed, and Mdlle. Dufour ceased to persecute her. To
+what did she owe this sudden change? Perhaps to a remonstrance from
+Leon. Constantia ordered Anielka to sit beside her whilst taking her
+lessons from her music masters, and on her going to the drawing-room,
+she was left in her apartments alone. Being thus more kindly treated.
+Anielka lost by degrees her timidity; and when her young mistress,
+whilst occupied over some embroidery, would tell her to sing, she
+did so boldly and with a steady voice. A greater favor awaited her.
+Constantia, when unoccupied, began teaching Anielka to read in Polish;
+and Mdlle. Dufour thought it politic to follow the example of her
+mistress, and began to teach her French.
+
+Meanwhile, a new kind of torment commenced. Having easily learnt the
+two languages, Anielka acquired an irresistible passion for reading.
+Books had for her the charm of the forbidden fruit, for she could only
+read by stealth at night, or when her mistress went visiting in the
+neighborhood. The kindness hitherto shown her for a time, began to
+relax. Leon had set off on a tour, accompanied by his old tutor, and a
+bosom friend, as young, as gay, and as thoughtless as himself.
+
+So passed the two years of Leon's absence. When he returned, Anielka
+was seventeen, and had become tall and handsome. No one who had
+not seen her during this time, would have recognized her. Of this
+number was Leon. In the midst of perpetual gayety and change, it
+was not possible he could have remembered a poor peasant girl; but
+in Anielka's memory he had remained as a superior being, as her
+benefactor, as the only one who had spoken kindly to her, when poor,
+neglected, forlorn! When in some French romance she met with a young
+man of twenty, of a noble character and handsome appearance, she
+bestowed on him the name of Leon. The recollection of the kiss be had
+given her ever brought a burning blush to her cheek, and made her sigh
+deeply.
+
+One day Leon came to his sister's room. Anielka was there, seated in
+a corner at work. Leon himself had considerably changed; from a boy he
+had grown into a man. "I suppose, Constantia," he said, "you have
+been told what a, good boy I am, and with what docility I shall submit
+myself to the matrimonial yoke, which the Count and Countess have
+provided for me?" and he began whistling, and danced some steps of the
+Mazurka.
+
+"Perhaps you will be refused," said Constantia coldly.
+
+"Refused! Oh, no. The old Prince has already given his consent, and
+as for his daughter, she is desperately in love with me. Look at these
+moustachios; could anything be more irresistible?" and he glanced in
+the glass and twirled them round his fingers; then continuing in a
+graver tone, he said, "To tell the sober truth, I cannot say that
+I reciprocate. My intended is not at all to my taste. She is nearly
+thirty, and so thin, that whenever I look at her, I am reminded of
+my old tutor's anatomical sketches. But, thanks to her Parisian
+dress-maker, she makes up a tolerably good figure, and looks well in
+a Cachemere. Of all things, you know, I wished for a wife with an
+imposing appearance, and I don't care about love. I find it's not
+fashionable, and only exists in the exalted imagination of poets."
+
+"Surely people are in love with one another sometimes," said the
+sister.
+
+"Sometimes," repeated Anielka, inaudibly. The dialogue had painfully
+affected her, and she knew not why. Her heart beat quickly, and her
+face was flushed, and made her look more lovely than ever.
+
+"Perhaps. Of course we profess to adore every pretty woman," Leon
+added abruptly. "But, my dear sister, what a charming ladies' maid you
+have!" He approached the corner, where Anielka sat, and bent on her a
+coarse familiar smile. Anielka, although a serf, was displeased, and
+returned it with a glance full of dignity. But when her eyes rested
+on the youth's handsome face, a feeling, which had been gradually and
+silently growing in her young and inexperienced heart, predominated
+over her pride and displeasure. She wished ardently to recall herself
+to Leon's memory, and half unconsciously raised her hand to the little
+purse which always hung round her neck. She took from it the rouble he
+had given her.
+
+"See!" shouted Leon, "what a droll girl; how proud she is of her
+riches! Why, girl, you are a woman of fortune, mistress of a whole
+rouble!"
+
+"I hope she came by it honestly," said the old Countess, who at this
+moment entered.
+
+At this insinuation, shame and indignation kept Anielka, for a time,
+silent. She replaced the money quickly in its purse, with the bitter
+thought that the few happy moments which had been so indelibly stamped
+upon her memory, had been utterly forgotten by Leon. To clear herself,
+she at last stammered out, seeing they all looked at her inquiringly,
+"Do you not remember, M. Leon, that you gave me this coin two years
+ago in the garden"?"
+
+"How odd!" exclaimed Leon, laughing, "do you expect me to remember
+all the pretty girls to whom I have given money? But I suppose you are
+right, or you would not have treasured up this unfortunate rouble as
+if it were a holy relic. You should not be a miser, child; money is
+made to be spent."
+
+"Pray put an end to these jokes," said Constantia impatiently; "I like
+this girl, and I will not have her teased. She understands my ways
+better than any one, and often puts me in a good humor with her
+beautiful voice."
+
+"Sing something for me pretty damsel," said Leon, "and I will give you
+another rouble, a new and shining one."
+
+"Sing instantly," said Constantia imperiously.
+
+At this command Anielka could no longer stifle her grief; she covered
+her face with her hands, and wept violently.
+
+"Why do you cry?" asked her mistress impatiently; "I cannot bear it; I
+desire you to do as you are bid."
+
+It might have been from the constant habit of slavish obedience, or a
+strong feeling of pride, but Anielka instantly ceased weeping. There
+was a moment's pause, during which the old Countess went grumbling out
+of the room. Anielka chose the Hymn to the Virgin she had warbled in
+the garden, and as she sung, she prayed fervently;--she prayed for
+peace, for deliverance from the acute emotions which had been aroused
+within her. Her earnestness gave an intensity of expression to the
+melody, which affected her listeners. They were silent for some
+moments after its conclusion. Leon walked up and down with his arms
+folded on his breast. Was it agitated with pity for the accomplished
+young slave? or by any other tender emotion? What followed will show.
+
+"My dear Constantia," he said, suddenly stopping before his sister and
+kissing her hand, "will you do me a favor?"
+
+Constantia looked inquiringly in her brother's face without speaking.
+
+"Give me this girl"
+
+"Impossible!"
+
+"I am quite in earnest," continued Leon, "I wish to offer her to my
+future wife. In the Prince her father's private chapel they are much
+in want of a solo soprano."
+
+"I shall not give her to you," said Constantia."
+
+"Not as a free gift, but in exchange. I will give you instead a
+charming young negro--so black. The women in St. Petersburgh and in
+Paris raved about him: but I was inexorable: I half refused him to my
+princess."
+
+"No, no," replied Constantia; "I shall be lonely without this girl, I
+am so used to her."
+
+"Nonsense! you can get peasant girls by the dozen; but a black
+page, with teeth whiter than ivory, and purer than pearls; a perfect
+original in his way; you surely cannot withstand. You will kill half
+the province with envy. A negro servant is the most fashionable thing
+going, and yours will be the first imported into the province."
+
+This argument was irresistible. "Well," replied Constantia, "when do
+you think of taking her?"
+
+"Immediately; to-day at five o'clock," said Leon; and he went merrily
+out of the room.
+
+This then was the result of his cogitation--of Anielka's Hymn to the
+Virgin. Constantia ordered Anielka to prepare herself for the journey,
+with as little emotion as if she had exchanged away a lap-dog, or
+parted with parrot.
+
+She obeyed in silence. Her heart was full. She went into the garden
+that she might relieve herself by weeping unseen. With one hand
+supporting her burning head, and the other pressed tightly against her
+heart, to stifle her sobs, she wandered on mechanically till she found
+herself by the side of the river. She felt quickly for her purse,
+intending to throw the rouble into the water, but as quickly thrust it
+back again, for she could not bear to part with the treasure. She felt
+as if without it she would be still more an orphan. Weeping bitterly,
+she leaned against the tree which had once before witnessed her tears.
+
+By degrees the stormy passion within her gave place to calm
+reflection. This day she was to go away; she was to dwell beneath
+another roof, to serve another mistress. Humiliation! always
+humiliation! But at least it would be some change in her life. As she
+thought of this, she returned hastily to the palace that she might
+not, on the last day of her servitude, incur the anger of her young
+mistress.
+
+Scarcely was Anielka attired in her prettiest dress, when Constantia
+came to her with a little box, from which she took several gay-colored
+ribbons, and decked her in them herself, that the serf might do her
+credit in the new family. And when Anielka, bending down to her feet,
+thanked her, Constantia, with marvelous condescension, kissed her on
+her forehead. Even Leon cast an admiring glance upon her. His servant
+soon after came to conduct her to the carriage, and showing her where
+to seat herself, they rolled off quickly toward Radapol.
+
+For the first time in her life Anielka rode in a carriage. Her head
+turned quite giddy, she could not look at the trees and fields as they
+flew past her; but by degrees she became more accustomed to it, and
+the fresh air enlivening her spirits, she performed the rest of the
+journey in a tolerably happy state of mind. At last they arrived in
+the spacious court-yard before the Palace of Radapol, the dwelling
+of a once rich and powerful Polish family, now partly in ruin. It was
+evident, even to Anielka, that the marriage was one for money on the
+one side, and for rank on the other.
+
+Among other renovations at the castle, occasioned by the approaching
+marriage, the owner of it, Prince Pelazia, had obtained singers
+for the chapel, and had engaged Signer Justiniani, an Italian, as
+chapel-master. Immediately on Leon's arrival, Anielka was presented
+to him. He made her sing a scale, and pronounced her voice to be
+excellent.
+
+Anielka found that, in Radapol, she was treated with a little more
+consideration than at Olgogrod, although she had often to submit to
+the caprices of her new mistress, and she found less time to read. But
+to console herself, she gave all her attention to singing, which she
+practiced several hours a day. Her naturally great capacity, under
+the guidance of the Italian, began to develop itself steadily. Besides
+sacred, he taught her operatic music. On one occasion Anielka sung
+an aria in so impassioned and masterly style, that the enraptured
+Justiniani clapped his hands for joy, skipped about the room, and not
+finding words enough to praise her, exclaimed several times, "Prima
+Donna! Prima Donna!"
+
+But the lessons were interrupted. The Princess's wedding-day was
+fixed upon, after which event she and Leon were to go to Florence, and
+Anielka was to accompany them. Alas! feelings which gave her poignant
+misery still clung to her. She despised herself for her weakness; but
+she loved Leon. The sentiment was too deeply implanted in her bosom to
+be eradicated; too strong to be resisted. It was the first love of a
+young and guileless heart, and had grown in silence and despair.
+
+Anielka was most anxious to know something of her adopted parents.
+Once, after the old prince had heard her singing, he asked her with
+great kindness about her home. She replied, that she was an orphan,
+and had been taken by force from those who had so kindly supplied the
+place of parents, Her apparent attachment to the old bee-keeper and
+his wife so pleased the prince, that he said, "You are a good child.
+Anielka, and to-morrow I will send you to visit them. You shall take
+them some presents."
+
+Anielka, overpowered with gratitude, threw herself at the feet of the
+prince. She dreamed all night of the happiness that was in store for
+her, and the joy of the poor, forsaken, old people; and when the next
+morning she set off, she could scarcely restrain her impatience. At
+last they approached the cabin; she saw the forest, with its tall
+trees, and the meadows covered with flowers. She leaped from the
+carriage, that she might be nearer these trees and flowers, every
+one of which she seemed to recognize. The weather was beautiful. She
+breathed with avidity the pure air which, in imagination, brought to
+her the kisses and caresses of her poor father! Her foster-father was,
+doubtless, occupied with his bees; but his wife?
+
+Anielka opened the door of the cabin; all was silent and deserted. The
+arm-chair on which the poor old woman used to sit, was overturned in a
+corner. Anielka was chilled by a fearful presentiment. She went with a
+slow step toward the bee-hives; there she saw a little boy tending the
+bees, whilst the old man was stretched on the ground beside him. The
+rays of the sun, falling on his pale and sickly face, showed that he
+was very ill. Anielka stooped down over him, and said, "It is I, it is
+Anielka, your own Anielka, who always loves you."
+
+The old man raised his head, gazed upon her with a ghastly smile, and
+took off his cap.
+
+"And my good old mother, where is she?" Anielka asked.
+
+"She is dead!" answered the old man, and falling back he began
+laughing idiotically. Anielka wept. She gazed earnestly on the worn
+frame, the pale and wrinkled cheeks, it which scarcely a sign of
+life could be perceived; it seemed to her that he had suddenly fallen
+asleep, and not wishing to disturb him, she went to the carriage for
+the presents. When she returned, she took his hand. It was cold. The
+poor old bee-keeper had breathed his last!
+
+Anielka was carried almost senseless back to the carriage, which
+quickly returned with her to the castle. There she revived a little;
+but the recollection that she was now quite alone in the world, almost
+drove her to despair.
+
+Her master's wedding and the journey to Florence were a dream to
+her. Though the strange sights of a strange city slowly restored her
+perceptions, they did not her cheerfulness. She felt as if she could
+no longer endure the misery of her life; she prayed to die.
+
+"Why are you so unhappy?" said the Count Leon kindly to her, one day.
+
+To have explained the cause of her wretchedness would have been death
+indeed.
+
+"I am going to give you a treat," continued Leon. "A celebrated singer
+is to appear to-night in the theater. I will send you to hear her, and
+afterward you shall sing to me what you remember of her performances."
+
+Anielka went. It was a new era in her existence. Herself, by this
+time, an artist, she could forget her griefs, and enter with her
+whole soul into the beauties of the art she now heard practiced in
+perfection for the first time. To music a chord responded in her
+breast which vibrated powerfully. During the performances she was
+at one moment pale and trembling, tears rushing into her eyes; at
+another, she was ready to throw herself at the feet of the cantatrice,
+in an ecstacy of admiration. "Prima donna,"--by that name the public
+called on her to receive their applause, and it was the same, thought
+Anielka, that Justiniani had bestowed upon her. Could she also be a
+prima donna? What a glorious destiny! To be able to communicate one's
+own emotions to masses of entranced listeners; to awaken in them, by
+the power of the voice, grief, love, terror.
+
+Strange thoughts continued to haunt her on her return home. She was
+unable to sleep. She formed desperate plans. At last she resolved to
+throw off the yoke of servitude, and the still more painful slavery of
+feelings which her pride disdained. Having learnt the address of the
+prima donna, she went early one morning to her house.
+
+On entering she said, in French, almost incoherently, so great was her
+agitation--"Madam, I am a poor serf belonging to a Polish family who
+have lately arrived in Florence. I have escaped from them; protect,
+shelter me. They say I can sing."
+
+The Signora Teresina, a warm-hearted, passionate Italian, was
+interested by her artless earnestness. She said, "Poor child! you must
+have suffered much,"--she took Anielka's hand in hers. "You say you
+can sing; let me hear you." Anielka seated herself on an ottoman. She
+clasped her hands over her knees, and tears fell into her lap. With
+plaintive pathos, and perfect truth of intonation, she prayed in
+song. The Hymn to the Virgin seemed to Teresina to be offered up by
+inspiration.
+
+The Signora was astonished. "Where," she asked, in wonder, "were you
+taught?"
+
+Anielka narrated her history, and when she had finished, the prima
+donna spoke so kindly to her that she felt as if she had known her for
+years. Anielka was Teresina's guest that day and the next. After the
+Opera, on the third day, the prima donna made her sit beside her, and
+said:--
+
+"I think you are a very good girl, and you shall stay with me always."
+
+The girl was almost beside herself with joy.
+
+"We will never part. Do you consent, Anielka?"
+
+"Do not call me Anielka. Give me instead some Italian name."
+
+"Well, then, be Giovanna. The dearest friend I ever had but whom I
+have lost--was named Giovanna," said the prima donna.
+
+"Then, I will be another Giovanna to you."
+
+Teresina then said, "I hesitated to receive you at first, for your
+sake as well as mine; it you are safe now. I learn that your master
+and mistress, after searching vainly for you, have returned to
+Poland."
+
+From this time Anielka commenced an entirely new life. She took
+lessons in singing every day from the Signora. and got an engagement
+to appear in inferior characters at the theater. She had now her own
+income, and her own servant--she, who till then had been obliged to
+serve herself. She acquired the Italian language rapidly, and soon
+passed for a native of the country.
+
+So passed three years. New and varied impressions failed, however,
+to blot out the old ones. Anielka arrived at great perfection in her
+singing, and even began to surpass the prima donna, who was losing
+her voice from weakness of the chest. This sad discovery changed the
+cheerful temper of Teresina. She ceased to sing in public; for she
+could not endure to excite pity, where she had formerly commanded
+admiration.
+
+She determined to retire. "You," she said to Anielka, "shall now
+assert your claim to the first rank in the vocal art. You will
+maintain it. You surpass me. Often, on hearing you sing, I have
+scarcely been able to stifle a feeling of jealousy."
+
+Anielka placed her hand on Teresina's shoulder, and kissed her.
+
+"Yes," continued Teresina, regardless of everything but the bright
+future she was shaping for her friend. "We will go to Vienna--there
+you will be understood and appreciated. You shall sing at the
+Italian Opera, and I will be by your side--unknown, no longer sought,
+worshiped--but will glory in your triumphs. They will be a repetition
+of my own; for have I not taught you? Will they not be the result of
+my work!"
+
+Though Anielka's ambition was fired, her heart was softened, and she
+wept violently.
+
+Five months had scarcely elapsed, when a _furore_ was created in
+Vienna by the first appearance, at the Italian Opera, of the Signora
+Giovanna. Her enormous salary at once afforded her the means of even
+extravagant expenditure. Her haughty treatment of male admirers only
+attracted new ones; but in the midst of her triumphs she thought often
+of the time when the poor orphan of Pobereze was cared for by nobody.
+This remembrance made her receive the flatteries of the crowd with
+an ironical smile; their fine speeches fell coldly on her ear, their
+eloquent looks made no impression on her heart: _that_, no change
+could alter, no temptation win.
+
+In the flood of unexpected success a new misfortune overwhelmed her.
+Since their arrival at Vienna, Teresina's health rapidly declined, and
+in the sixth month of Anielka's operatic reign she expired, leaving
+all her wealth, which was considerable, to her friend.
+
+Once more Anielka was alone in the world. Despite all the honors and
+blandishments of her position, the old feeling of desolateness came
+upon her. The new shock destroyed her health. She was unable to appear
+on the stage. To sing was a painful effort; she grew indifferent to
+what passed around her. Her greatest consolation was in succoring the
+poor and friendless, and her generosity was most conspicuous to all
+young orphan girls without fortune. She had never ceased to love her
+native land, and seldom appeared in society, unless it was to meet her
+countrymen. If ever she sang, it was in Polish.
+
+A year had elapsed since the death of the Signora Teresina, when
+the Count Selka, a rich noble of Volkynia, at that time in Vienna,
+solicited her presence at a party. It was impossible to refuse the
+Count and his lady, from whom she had received great kindness.
+She went. When in their saloons, filled with all the fashion and
+aristocracy in Vienna, the name of Giovanna was announced, a general
+murmur was heard. She entered, pale and languid, and proceeded between
+the two rows made for her by the admiring assembly, to the seat of
+honor beside the mistress of the house.
+
+Shortly after, the Count Selka led her to the piano. She sat down
+before it, and thinking what she should sing, glanced round upon the
+assembly. She could not help feeling that the admiration which beamed
+from the faces around her was the work of her own merit, for had she
+neglected the great gift of nature--her voice, she could not have
+excited it. With a blushing cheek, and eyes sparkling with honest
+pride, she struck the piano with a firm hand, and from her seemingly
+weak and delicate chest poured forth a touching Polish melody, with a
+voice pure, sonorous, and plaintive. Tears were in many eyes, and the
+beating of every heart was quickened.
+
+The song was finished, but the wondering silence was unbroken.
+Giovanna leaned exhausted on the arm of the chair, and cast down
+her eyes. On again raising them, she perceived a gentleman who gazed
+fixedly at her, as if he still listened to echoes which had not
+yet died within him. The master of the house, to dissipate his
+thoughtfulness, led him toward Giovanna. "Let me present to you,
+Signora," he said, "a countryman, the Count Leon Roszynski."
+
+The lady trembled; she silently bowed, fixed her eyes on the ground,
+and dared not raise them. Pleading indisposition, which was fully
+justified by her pallid features, she soon after withdrew.
+
+When on the following day Giovanna'a servant announced the Counts
+Selka and Roszynski, a peculiar smile played on her lips, and when
+they entered, she received the latter with the cold and formal
+politeness of a stranger. Controlling the feelings of her heart,
+she schooled her features to an expression of indifference. It was
+manifest from Leon's manner, that without the remotest recognition, an
+indefinable presentiment regarding her possessed him. The Counts had
+called to know if Giovanna had recovered from her indisposition. Leon
+begged to be permitted to call again.
+
+Where was his wife? why did he never mention her? Giovanna continually
+asked herself these questions when they had departed.
+
+A few nights after, the Count Leon arrived sad and thoughtful. He
+prevailed on Giovanna to sing one of her Polish melodies; which she
+told him had been taught, when a child, by her muse. Roszynski, unable
+to restrain the expression of an intense admiration he had long felt,
+frantically seized her hand, and exclaimed, "I love you!"
+
+She withdrew it from his grasp, remained silent for a few minutes,
+and then said slowly, distinctly, and ironically, "But I do not love
+_you_, Count Roszynski."
+
+Leon rose from his seat. He pressed his hands to his brow, and was
+silent. Giovanna remained calm and tranquil. "It is a penalty from
+Heaven," continued Leon, as if speaking to himself, "for not having
+fulfilled my duty as a husband toward one whom I chose voluntarily,
+but without reflection. I wronged her, and am punished."
+
+Giovanna turned her eyes upon him. Leon continued, "Young, and with
+a heart untouched, I married a princess about ten years older than
+myself, of eccentric habits and bad temper. She treated me as an
+inferior. She dissipated the fortune hoarded up with so much care by
+my parents, and yet was ashamed on account of my origin to be called
+by my name. Happily for me, she was fond of visiting and amusements.
+Otherwise, to escape from her, I might have become a gambler, or
+worse; but, to avoid meeting her, I remained at home--for there she
+seldom was. At first from ennui, but afterward from real delight in
+the occupation, I gave myself up to study. Reading formed my mind and
+heart. I became a changed being. Some months ago my father died, my
+sister went to Lithuania, whilst my mother, in her old age, and with
+her ideas, was quite incapable of understanding my sorrow. So when my
+wife went to the baths for the benefit of her ruined health, I came
+here in the hope of meeting with some of my former friends--I saw
+you--"
+
+Giovanna blushed like one detected; but speedily recovering herself,
+asked with calm pleasantry, "Surely you do not number _me_ among your
+former friends?"
+
+"I know not. I have been bewildered. It is strange; but from the
+moment that I saw you at Count Selka's, a powerful instinct of love
+overcame me; not a new feeling; but as if some latent, long-hid,
+undeveloped sentiment had suddenly burst forth into an uncontrollable
+passion. I love, I adore you. I--"
+
+The Prima Donna interrupted him--not with speech, but with a look
+which awed, which chilled him. Pride, scorn, irony sat in her smile.
+Satire darted from her eyes. After a pause, she repeated slowly and
+pointedly, "Love _me_, Count Roszynski?"
+
+"Such is my destiny," he replied. "Nor, despite your scorn, will I
+struggle against it. I feel it is my fate ever to love you; I fear it
+is my fate never to be loved by you. It is dreadful."
+
+Giovanna witnessed the Count's emotion with sadness. "To have," she
+said mournfully, "one's first, pure, ardent, passionate affection
+unrequited, scorned, made a jest of, is indeed a bitterness, almost
+equal to that of death."
+
+She made a strong effort to conceal her emotion. Indeed she controlled
+it so well as to speak the rest with a sort of gayety.
+
+"You have at least been candid, Count Roszynski; I will imitate you
+by telling a little history that occurred in your country. There was
+a poor girl born and bred a serf to her wealthy lord and master. When
+scarcely fifteen years old, she was torn from a state of happy rustic
+freedom--the freedom of humility and content--to be one of the courtly
+slaves of the Palace. Those who did not laugh at her, scolded her.
+One kind word was vouchsafed to her, and that came from the lord's
+son. She nursed it and treasured it; till, from long concealing and
+restraining her feelings, she at last found that gratitude had changed
+into a sincere affection. But what does a man of the world care for
+the love of a serf? It does not even flatter his vanity. The young
+nobleman did not understand the source of her tears and her grief, and
+he made a present of her, as he would have done of some animal, to his
+betrothed."
+
+Leon, agitated and somewhat enlightened, would have interrupted her;
+but Giovanna said, "Allow me to finish my tale. Providence did not
+abandon this poor orphan, but permitted her to rise to distinction by
+the talent with which she was endowed by nature. The wretched serf
+of Pobereze became a celebrated Italian cantatrice. _Then_ her former
+lord meeting her in society, and seeing her admired and courted by all
+the world, without knowing who she really was, was afflicted, as if by
+the dictates of Heaven, with a love for this same girl,--with a guilty
+love"--
+
+And Giovanna rose, as she said this, to remove herself further from
+her admirer.
+
+"No, no!" he replied earnestly; "with a pure and holy passion."
+
+"Impossible!" returned Giovanna. "Are you not married?"
+
+Roszynski vehemently tore a letter from his vest, and handed it to
+Giovanna. It was sealed with black, for it announced the death of his
+wife at the baths. It had only arrived that morning.
+
+"You have lost no time," said the cantatrice, endeavoring to conceal
+her feelings under an iron mask of reproach.
+
+There was a pause. Each dared not speak. The Count knew--but without
+actually and practically believing what seemed incredible--that
+Anielka and Giovanna were the same person--_his slave_. That terrible
+relationship checked him. Anielka, too, had played her part to the end
+of endurance. The long cherished tenderness, the faithful love of her
+life could not longer be wholly mastered. Hitherto they had spoken in
+Italian. She now said, in Polish,
+
+"You have a right, my Lord Roszynski, to that poor Anielka who escaped
+from the service of your wife in Florence; you can force her back to
+your palace, to its meanest work; but"--
+
+"Have mercy on me!" cried Leon.
+
+"But," continued the serf of Pobereze, firmly, "you cannot force me to
+love you."
+
+"Do not mock--do not torture me more; you are sufficiently revenged.
+I will not offend you by importunity. You must indeed hate me! But
+remember that we Poles wished to give freedom to our serfs; and for
+that very reason our country was invaded and dismembered by despotic
+powers. We must therefore continue to suffer slavery as it exists in
+Russia; but, soul and body, we are averse to it; and when our country
+once more becomes free, be assured no shadow of slavery will remain in
+the land. Curse then our enemies, and pity us that we stand in such
+a desperate position between Russian bayonets and Siberia, and the
+hatred of our serfs."
+
+So saying, and without waiting for a reply, Leon rushed from the room.
+The door was closed. Giovanna listened to the sounds of his rapid
+footsteps till they died in the street. She would have followed, but
+dared not. She ran to the window. Roszynski's carriage was rolling
+rapidly away, and she exclaimed vainly, "I love you, Leon; I loved you
+always!"
+
+Her tortures were unendurable. To relieve them she hastened to her
+desk, and wrote these words:
+
+"Dearest Leon, forgive me; let the past be forever forgotten. Return
+to your Anielka. She always has been, ever will be, yours!"
+
+She dispatched the missive. Was it too late, or would it bring him
+back? In the latter hope she retired to her chamber, to execute a
+little project.
+
+Leon was in despair. He saw he had been premature in so soon declaring
+his passion after the news of his wife's death, and vowed he would
+not see Anielka again for several months. To calm his agitation, he
+had ridden some miles into the country. When he returned to his hotel
+after some hours, he found her note. With the wild delight it had
+darted into his soul, he flew back to her.
+
+On regaining her saloon a new and terrible vicissitude seemed
+to sport with his passion--she was nowhere to be seen. Had the
+Italian cantatrice fled? Again he was in despair-stupefied with
+disappointment. As he stood uncertain how to act, in the midst of
+the floor, he heard, as from a distance, an Ave Maria poured forth
+in tones he half recognized. The sounds brought back to him a host
+of recollections: a weeping serf--the garden of his own palace. In a
+state of new rapture he followed the voice. He traced it to an inner
+chamber, and he there beheld the lovely singer kneeling in the costume
+of a Polish serf. She rose, greeted Leon with a touching smile, and
+stepped forward with serious bashfulness. Leon extended his arms; she
+sank into them; and in that fond embrace all past wrongs and sorrows
+were forgotten! Anielka drew from her bosom a little purse, and took
+from it a piece of silver, It was the rouble. Now, Leon did not smile
+at it. He comprehended the sacredness of this little gift, and some
+tears of repentance fell on Anielka's hand.
+
+A few months after, Leon wrote to the steward of Olgogrod to prepare
+everything splendidly for the reception of his second wife. He
+concluded his letter with these words:
+
+"I understand that in the dungeon beneath my palace there are some
+unfortunate men, who were imprisoned during my father's lifetime. Let
+them be instantly liberated. This is my first act of gratitude to God,
+who has so infinitely blessed me!"
+
+Anielka longed ardently to behold her native land. They left Vienna
+immediately after the wedding, although it was in the middle of
+January.
+
+It was already quite dark when the carriage, with its four horses,
+stopped in front of the portico of the palace of Olgogrod. Whilst the
+footman was opening the door on one side, a beggar soliciting alms
+appeared at the other, where Anielka was seated. Happy to perform a
+good action as she crossed the threshold of her new home, she gave him
+some money; but the man, instead of thanking her, returned her bounty
+with a savage laugh, at the same time scowling at her in the fiercest
+manner from beneath his thick and shaggy brows. The strangeness
+of this circumstance sensibly affected Anielka, and clouded her
+happiness. Leon soothed and reassured her. In the arms of her beloved
+husband she forgot all but the happiness of being the idol of his
+affections.
+
+Fatigue and excitement made the night most welcome. All was dark and
+silent around the palace, and some hours of the night had passed,
+when suddenly flames burst forth from several parts of the building at
+once. The palace was enveloped in fire; it raged furiously. The flames
+mounted higher and higher; the windows cracked with a fearful sound,
+and the smoke penetrated into the most remote apartments.
+
+A single figure of a man was seen stealing over the snow, which lay
+like a winding-sheet on the solitary waste; his cautious steps were
+heard on the frozen snow as it crisped beneath his tread. It was the
+beggar who had accosted Anielka. On a rising ground he turned to gaze
+on the terrible scene.
+
+"No more unfortunate creatures will now be doomed to pass their lives
+in your dungeons," he exclaimed. "What was _my_ crime? Reminding my
+master of the lowness of his birth. For this they tore me from my only
+child--my darling little Anielka; they had no pity even for her orphan
+state; let them perish all!"
+
+Suddenly a young and beautiful creature rushes wildly to one of the
+principal windows: she makes a violent effort to escape. For a moment
+her lovely form, clothed in white, shines in terrible relief against
+the background of blazing curtains and walls of fire, and as instantly
+sinks back into the blazing element. Behind her is another figure,
+vainly endeavoring to aid her--he perishes also: neither of them are
+ever seen again!
+
+This appalling tragedy horrified even the perpetrator of the crime. He
+rushed from the place, and as he heard the crash of the falling walls,
+he closed his ears with his hands, and darted on faster and faster.
+
+The next day some peasants discovered the body of a man frozen
+to death, lying on a heap of snow--it was that of the wretched
+incendiary. Providence, mindful of his long, of his cruel imprisonment
+and sufferings, spared him the anguish of knowing that the mistress of
+the palace he had destroyed, and who perished in the flames, was his
+own beloved daughter--the Serf of Pobereze!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A TRUE POET never takes a "poetic license."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FROM THE DUBLIN UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.
+
+THE MYSTERIOUS COMPACT.
+
+IN TWO PARTS.--PART I.
+
+
+In the latter years of the last century, two youths, Ferdinand Von
+Hallberg and Edward Von Wensleben were receiving their education in
+the military academy of Mariensheim. Among their schoolfellows they
+were called Orestes and Pylades, or Damon and Pythias, on account
+of their tender friendship, which constantly recalled to their
+schoolfellows' minds the history of these ancient worthies. Both were
+sons of officers who had long served the state with honor, both were
+destined for their father's profession, both accomplished and endowed
+by nature with no mean talents. But fortune had not been so impartial
+in the distribution of her favors--Hallberg's father lived on a small
+pension, by means of which he defrayed the expenses of his son's
+schooling at the cost of the government; while Wensleben's parents
+willingly paid the handsomest salary in order to insure to their
+only child the best education which the establishment afforded.
+This disparity in circumstances at first produced a species of proud
+reserve, amounting to coldness, in Ferdinand's deportment, which
+yielded by degrees to the cordial affection that Edward manifested
+toward him on every occasion. Two years older than Edward, of a
+thoughtful and almost melancholy turn of mind, Ferdinand soon gained
+a considerable influence over his weaker friend, who clung to him with
+almost girlish dependence.
+
+Their companionship had now lasted with satisfaction and happiness to
+both, for several years, and the youths had formed for themselves the
+most delightful plans--how they were never to separate, how they were
+to enter the service in the same regiment, and if a war broke out,
+how they were to fight side by side, and conquer or die together. But
+destiny, or rather Providence--whose plans are usually opposed to the
+designs of mortals--had ordained otherwise.
+
+Earlier than was expected, Hallberg's father found an opportunity to
+have his son appointed to an infantry regiment, and he was ordered
+immediately to join the staff in a small provincial town, in an
+out-of-the-way mountainous district. This announcement fell like a
+thunderbolt on the two friends; but Ferdinand considered himself by
+far the more unhappy, since it was ordained that he should be the one
+to sever the happy bond that bound them, and to inflict a deep wound
+on his loved companion. His schoolfellows vainly endeavored to console
+him by calling his attention to his new commission, and the preference
+which had been shown him above so many others. He only thought of the
+approaching separation; he only saw his friend's grief, and passed the
+few remaining days that were allowed him at the academy by Edward's
+side, who husbanded every moment of his Ferdinand's society with
+jealous care, and could not bear to lose sight of him for an instant.
+In one of their most melancholy hours, excited by sorrow and youthful
+enthusiasm, they bound themselves by a mysterious vow, namely, that
+the one whom God should think fit to call first from this world,
+should bind himself (if conformable to the Divine will) to give some
+sign of his remembrance and affection to the survivor.
+
+The place where this vow was made was a solitary spot in the garden,
+by a monument of gray marble, overshadowed by dark firs, which the
+former director of the institution had caused to be erected to the
+memory of his son, whose premature death was recorded on the stone.
+
+Here the friends met at night, and by the fitful light of the moon
+they pledged themselves to the rash and fanciful contract, and
+confirmed and consecrated it the next morning by a religious ceremony.
+After this they were able to look the approaching separation in the
+face more manfully, and Edward strove hard to quell the melancholy
+feeling which had lately arisen in his mind on account of the constant
+foreboding that Ferdinand expressed of his own early death. "No,"
+thought Edward, "his pensive turn of mind and his wild imagination
+cause him to reproach himself without a cause for my sorrow and his
+own departure. Oh, no, Ferdinand will not die early--he will not die
+before me. Providence will not leave me alone in the world."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The lonely Edward strove hard to console himself, for after
+Ferdinand's departure, the house, the world itself, seemed a desert;
+and absorbed by his own memories, he now recalled to mind many a dark
+speech which had fallen from his absent friend, particularly in the
+latter days of their intercourse, and which betokened but too plainly
+a presentiment of early death. But time and youth exercised, even
+over these sorrows, their irresistible influence. Edward's spirits
+gradually recovered their tone, and as the traveler always has the
+advantage over the one who remains behind, in respect of new objects
+to occupy his mind, so was Ferdinand even sooner calmed and cheered,
+and by degrees he became engrossed by his new duties and new
+acquaintances, not to the exclusion, indeed, of his friend's memory,
+but greatly to the alienation of his own sorrow. It was natural, in
+such circumstances, that the young officer should console himself
+sooner than poor Edward. The country in which Hallberg found
+himself was wild and mountainous, but possessed all the charms and
+peculiarities of "far off" districts--simple, hospitable manners,
+old-fashioned customs, many tales and legends which arise from
+the credulity of the mountaineers, who invariably lean toward the
+marvelous, and love to people the wild solitudes with invisible
+beings.
+
+Ferdinand had soon, without seeking for it, made acquaintance with
+several respectable families in the town; and as it generally
+happens in such cases, he had become quite domesticated in the best
+country-houses in the neighborhood; and the well-mannered, handsome,
+and agreeable youth was welcomed everywhere. The simple, patriarchal
+life in these old mansions and castles--the cordiality of the people,
+the wild, picturesque scenery, nay, the very legends themselves, were
+entirely to Hallberg's taste. He adapted himself easily to his new
+mode of life, but his heart remained tranquil. This could not last.
+Before half a year had passed, the battalion to which he belonged was
+ordered to another station, and he had to part with many friends. The
+first letter which he wrote after this change bore the impression
+of impatience at the breaking up of a happy time. Edward found this
+natural enough; but he was surprised in the following letters to
+detect signs of a disturbed and desultory state of mind, wholly
+foreign to his friend's nature. The riddle was soon solved.
+Ferdinand's heart was touched for the first time, and perhaps because
+the impression had been made late, it was all the deeper. Unfavorable
+circumstances opposed themselves to his hopes: the young lady was
+of an ancient family, rich, and betrothed since her childhood to a
+relation, who was expected shortly to arrive in order to claim her
+promised hand. Notwithstanding this engagement, Ferdinand and the
+young girl had become sincerely attached to each other, and had
+both resolved to dare everything with the hope of being united. They
+pledged their troth in secret; the darkest mystery enveloped not only
+their plans, but their affections; and as secrecy was necessary to
+the advancement of their projects, Ferdinand entreated his friend to
+forgive him if he did not intrust his whole secret to a sheet of paper
+that had at least sixty miles to travel, and which must pass through
+so many hands. It was impossible from his letter to guess the name of
+the person or the place in question. "You know that I love," he wrote,
+"therefore you know that the object of my secret passion is worthy
+of any sacrifice; for you know your friend too well to believe him
+capable of any blind infatuation, and this must suffice for the
+present. No one must suspect what we are to each other; no one here or
+round the neighborhood must have the slightest clew to our plans. An
+awful personage will soon make his appearance among us. His violent
+temper, his inveterate obstinacy, (according to all that one hears of
+him,) are well calculated to confirm in _her_ a well-founded aversion.
+But family arrangements and legal contracts exist, the fulfillment
+of which the opposing party are bent on enforcing. The struggle will
+be hard--perhaps unsuccessful; notwithstanding, I will strain every
+nerve. Should I fail, you must console yourself, my dear Edward,
+with the thought, that it will be no misfortune to your friend to
+be deprived of an existence rendered miserable by the failure of his
+dearest hopes, and separation from his dearest friend. Then may all
+the happiness which Heaven has denied me be vouchsafed to you and her,
+so that my spirit may look down contentedly from the realms of light,
+and bless and protect you both."
+
+Such was the usual tenor of the letters which Edward received during
+that period, His heart was full of anxiety--he read danger and
+distress in the mysterious communications of Ferdinand; and every
+argument that affection and good sense could suggest did he make use
+of, in his replies, to turn his friend from this path of peril which
+threatened to end in a deep abyss. He tried persuasion, and urged him
+to desist for the sake of their long-tried affection--but when did
+passion ever listen to the expostulations of friendship?
+
+Ferdinand only saw one aim in life--the possession of the beloved
+one. All else faded from before his eyes, and even his correspondence
+slackened, for his time was much taken up in secret excursions,
+arrangements of all kinds, and communications with all manner of
+persons; in fact every action of his present life tended to the
+furtherance of his plan.
+
+All of a sudden his letters ceased. Many posts passed without a sign
+of life. Edward was a prey to the greatest anxiety; he thought his
+friend had staked and lost. He imagined an elopement, a clandestine
+marriage, a duel with a rival, and all these casualties were the more
+painful to conjecture, since his entire ignorance of the real state
+of things gave his fancy full range to conjure up all sorts of
+misfortunes. At length, after many more posts had come in without a
+line to pacify Edward's fears, without a word in reply to his earnest
+entreaties for some news, he determined on taking a step which he had
+meditated before, and only relinquished out of consideration for his
+friend's wishes. He wrote to the officer commanding the regiment,
+and made inquiries respecting the health and abode of Lieutenant Von
+Hallberg, whose friends in the capital had remained for nearly two
+months without news of him, he who had hitherto proved a regular and
+frequent correspondent.
+
+Another fortnight dragged heavily on, and at length the announcement
+came in an official form. Lieutenant Von Hallberg had been invited
+to the castle of a nobleman whom he was in the custom of visiting, in
+order to be present at the wedding of a lady; that he was indisposed
+at the time, that he grew worse, and on the third morning had been
+found dead in his bed, having expired during the night from an attack
+of apoplexy.
+
+Edward could not finish the letter--it fell from his trembling hand.
+To see his worst fears realized so suddenly, overwhelmed him at first.
+His youth withstood the bodily illness which would have assailed a
+weaker constitution, and perhaps mitigated the anguish of his grief.
+He was not dangerously ill, but they feared many days for his reason;
+and it required all the kind solicitude of the director of the
+college, combined with the most skillful medical aid, to stem the
+torrent of his sorrow, and to turn it gradually into a calmer channel,
+until by degrees the mourner recovered both health and reason. His
+youthful spirits, however, had received a blow from which they
+never rebounded, and one thought lay heavy on his mind, which he was
+unwilling to share with any other person, and which, on that account,
+grew more and more painful. It was the memory of that holy promise
+which had been mutually contracted, that the survivor was to receive
+some token of his friend's remembrance of him after death. Now two
+months had already passed since Ferdinand's earthly career had been
+arrested, his spirit was free, why no sign? In the moment of death
+Edward had had no intimation, no message from the passing spirit, and
+this apparent neglect, so to speak, was another deep wound in Edward's
+breast. Do the affections cease with life? Was it contrary to the will
+of the Almighty that the mourner should taste this consolation? Did
+individuality lose itself in death, and with it memory? Or did one
+stroke destroy spirit and body? These anxious doubts, which have
+before now agitated many who reflect on such subjects, exercised their
+power over Edward's mind with an intensity that none can imagine save
+one whose position is in any degree similar.
+
+Time gradually deadened the intensity of his affliction. The violent
+paroxysms of grief subsided into a deep but calm regret. It was as
+if a mist had spread itself over every object which presented itself
+before him, robbing them indeed of half their charms, yet leaving them
+visible, and in their real relation to himself. During this mental
+change the autumn arrived, and with it the long-expected commission.
+It did not indeed occasion the joy which it might have done in former
+days, when it would have led to a meeting with Ferdinand, or at
+all events to a better chance of meeting, but it released him from
+the thraldom of college, and it opened to him a welcome sphere of
+activity. Now it so happened that his appointment led him accidentally
+into the very neighborhood where Ferdinand had formerly resided, only
+with this difference, that Edward's squadron was quartered in the
+lowlands, about a short day's journey from the town and woodland
+environs in question.
+
+He proceeded to his quarters, and found an agreeable occupation in the
+exercise of his new duties.
+
+He had no wish to make acquaintances, yet he did not refuse the
+invitations that were pressed upon him, lest he should he accused of
+eccentricity and rudeness; and so be found himself soon entangled in
+all sorts of engagements with the neighboring gentry and nobility. If
+these so-called gayeties gave him no particular pleasure, at least for
+the time they diverted his thoughts; and with this view he accepted
+an invitation (for the new-year and carnival were near at hand) to
+a great shooting-match which was to be held in the mountains--a spot
+which it was possible to reach in one day, with favorable weather
+and the roads in good state. The day was appointed, the air tolerably
+clear; a mild frost had made the roads safe and even, and Edward had
+every expectation of being able to reach Blumenberg in his sledge
+before night, as on the following morning the match was to take place.
+But as soon as he got near the mountains, where the sun retires so
+early to rest, snow-clouds drove from all quarters, a cutting wind
+came roaring through the ravines, and a heavy fall of snow began.
+Twice the driver lost his way, and daylight was gone before he had
+well recovered it; darkness came on sooner than in other places,
+walled in as they were by dark mountains, with dark clouds above their
+heads. It was out of the question to dream of reaching Blumenberg that
+night; but in this hospitable land, where every householder welcomes
+the passing traveler, Edward was under no anxiety as to shelter.
+He only wished, before the night quite set in, to reach some
+country-house or castle; and now that the storm had abated in some
+degree, that the heavens were a little clearer, and that a few
+stars peeped out, a large valley opened before them, whose bold
+outline Edward could distinguish, even in the uncertain light. The
+well-defined roofs of a neat village were perceptible, and behind
+these, half-way up the mountain that crowned the plain, Edward thought
+he could discern a large building which glimmered with more than one
+light. The road led straight into the village. Edward stopped and
+inquired.
+
+That building was indeed a castle: the village belonged to it, and
+both were the property of the Baron Friedenberg. "Friedenberg!"
+repeated Edward: the name sounded familiar to him, yet he could not
+call to mind when and where he had heard it. He inquired if the family
+were at home, hired a guide, and arrived at length by a rugged path
+which wound itself round steep rocks, to the summit of them, and
+finally to the castle, which was perched there like an eagle's nest.
+The tinkling of the bells on Edward's sledge attracted the attention
+of the inmates; the door was opened with prompt hospitality; servants
+appeared with torches; Edward was assisted to emerge from under the
+frozen apron of his carriage, out of his heavy pelisse, stiff with
+hoar-frost, and up a comfortable staircase into a long saloon of
+simple construction, where a genial warmth appeared to welcome him
+from a huge stove in the corner. The servants here placed two large
+burning candles in massive silver sconces, and went out to announce
+the stranger.
+
+The fitting-up of the room, or rather saloon, was perfectly simple.
+Family portraits, in heavy frames, hung round the walls, diversified
+by some maps. Magnificent stags' horns were arranged between; and
+the taste of the master of the house was easily detected in the
+hunting-knives, powder-flasks, carbines, smoking-bags, and sportsmen's
+pouches, which were arranged, not without taste, as trophies of the
+chase. The ceiling was supported by large beams, dingy with smoke
+and age; and on the sides of the room were long benches, covered and
+padded with dark cloth, and studded with large brass nails; while
+round the dinner-table were placed several arm-chairs, also of
+ancient date. All bore the aspect of the good old times, of a simple,
+patriarchal life with affluence. Edward felt as if there were a
+kind welcome in the inanimate objects which surrounded him, when the
+inner-door opened, and the master of the house entered, preceded by a
+servant, and welcomed his guest with courteous cordiality.
+
+Some apologies which Edward offered on account of his intrusion, were
+silenced in a moment.
+
+"Come, now, Lieutenant," said the Baron, "I must introduce you to my
+family. You are not such a stranger to us, as you fancy."
+
+With these words he took Edward by the arm, and, lighted by the
+servant, they passed through several lofty rooms, which were very
+handsomely furnished, although in an old-fashioned style, with faded
+Flemish carpets, large chandeliers, and high-backed chairs: everything
+in keeping with what the youth had already seen in the castle. Here
+were the ladies of the house. At the other end of the room, by the
+side of an immense stove, ornamented with a large shield of the family
+arms, richly emblazoned, and crowned by a gigantic Turk, in a most
+comfortable attitude of repose sat the lady of the house, an elderly
+matron of tolerable circumference, in a gown of dark red satin, with
+a black mantle and a snow-white cap. She appeared to be playing cards
+with the chaplain, who sat opposite to her at the table, and the Baron
+Friedenberg to have made the third hand at ombre, till he was called
+away to welcome his guest. On the other side of the room were two
+young ladies, an elder person, who might be a governess, and a couple
+of children, very much engrossed by a game at lotto.
+
+As Edward entered, the ladies rose to greet him, a chair was placed
+for him near the mistress of the house, and very soon a cup of
+chocolate and a bottle of tokay were served on a rich silver salver,
+to restore the traveler after the cold and discomfort of his drive:
+in fact it was easy for him to feel that these "far away" people were
+by no means displeased at his arrival. An agreeable conversation
+soon began among all parties. His travels, the shooting-match, the
+neighborhood, agriculture, all afforded subjects, and in a quarter
+of an hour Edward felt as if he had long been domesticated with these
+simple but truly well-informed people.
+
+Two hours flew swiftly by, and then a bell sounded for supper; the
+servants returned with lights, announced that the supper was on the
+table, and lighted the company into the dining-room--the same into
+which Edward had first been ushered. Here, in the background, some
+other characters appeared on the scene--the agent, a couple of his
+subalterns, and the physician. The guests ranged themselves round the
+table. Edward's place was between the Baron and his wife. The chaplain
+said a short grace, when the Baroness, with an uneasy look, glanced at
+her husband over Edward's shoulder, and said, in a low whisper--
+
+"My love, we are thirteen--that will never do."
+
+The Baron smiled, beckoned to the youngest of the clerks, and
+whispered to him. The youth bowed, and withdrew. The servant took the
+cover away, and served his supper in the next room.
+
+"My wife," said Friedenberg, "is superstitious, as all mountaineers
+are. She thinks it unlucky to dine thirteen. It certainly has happened
+twice (whether from chance or not who can tell?) that we have had to
+mourn the death of an acquaintance who had, a short time before, made
+the thirteenth at our table."
+
+"This idea is not confined to the mountains. I know many people in the
+capital who think with the Baroness," said Edward. "Although in a town
+such ideas, which belong more especially to the olden time, are more
+likely to be lost in the whirl and bustle which usually silences
+everything that is not essentially matter of fact."
+
+"Ah, yes, Lieutenant," replied the Baron, smiling good-humoredly,
+"we keep up old customs better in the mountains. You see that by our
+furniture. People in the capital would call this sadly old-fashioned."
+
+"That which is really good and beautiful can never appear out of
+date," rejoined Edward courteously; "and here, if I mistake not,
+presides a spirit that is ever striving after both. I must confess,
+Baron, that when I first entered your house, it was this very aspect
+of the olden time that enchanted me beyond measure."
+
+"That is always the effect which simplicity has on every unspoiled
+mind," answered Friedenberg: "but townspeople have seldom a taste for
+such things."
+
+"I was partly educated on my father's estate," said Edward, "which was
+situated in the Highlands; and it appears to me as if, when I entered
+your house, I were visiting a neighbor of my father's, for the general
+aspect is quite the same here as with us."
+
+"Yes," said the chaplain, "mountainous districts have all a family
+likeness: the same necessities, the same struggles with nature, the
+same seclusion, all produce the same way of life among mountaineers."
+
+"On that account the prejudice against the number thirteen was
+especially familiar to me," replied Edward. "We also dislike it;
+and we retain a consideration for many supernatural, or at
+least inexplicable things, which I have met with again in this
+neighborhood."
+
+"Yes, here, almost more than anywhere else," continued the chaplain,
+"I think we excel all other mountaineers in the number and variety of
+our legends and ghost stories. I assure you that there is not a cave
+or a church, or, above all, a castle, for miles round about, of which
+we could not relate something supernatural."
+
+The Baroness, who perceived the turn which the conversation was likely
+to take, thought it better to send the children to bed; and when they
+were gone, the priest continued, "Even here, in this castle--"
+
+"Here!" inquired Edward, "in this very castle?"
+
+"Yes, yes! Lieutenant," interposed the Baron, "this house has the
+reputation of being haunted; and the most extraordinary thing is, that
+the matter cannot be denied by the skeptical, or accounted for by the
+reasonable."
+
+"And yet," said Edward, "the castle looks so cheerful, so habitable."
+
+"Yes, this part which we live in," answered the Baron; "but it
+consists of only a few apartments sufficient for my family and these
+gentlemen; the other portion of the building is half in ruins, and
+dates from the period when men established themselves on the mountains
+for greater safety."
+
+"There are some who maintain," said the physician, "that a part of the
+walls of the stern tower itself are of Roman origin; but that would
+surely be difficult to prove."
+
+"But, gentlemen," observed the Baroness, "you are losing yourselves in
+learned descriptions as to the erection of the castle, and our guest
+is kept in ignorance of what he is anxious to hear."
+
+"Indeed, madam," replied the chaplain, "this is not entirely foreign
+to the subject, since in the most ancient part of the building lies
+the chamber in question."
+
+"Where apparitions have been seen?" inquired Edward, eagerly.
+
+"Not exactly," replied the Baroness; "there is nothing fearful to be
+seen."
+
+"Come, let us tell him at once," interrupted the Baron. "The fact is,
+that every guest who sleeps for the first time in this room (and it
+has fallen to the lot of many, in turn, to do so,) is visited by some
+important, significant dream or vision, or whatever I ought to call
+it, in which some future event is prefigured to him, or some past
+mystery cleared up, which he had vainly striven to comprehend before."
+
+"Then," interposed Edward, "it must be something like what is known
+in the Highlands, under the name of second sight, a privilege, as some
+consider it, which several persons and several families enjoy."
+
+"Just so," said the physician, "the cases are very similar; yet the
+most mysterious part of this affair is, that it does not appear to
+originate with the individual, or his organization, or his sympathy
+with beings of the invisible world; no, the individual has nothing to
+say to it--the locality does it all. Every one who sleeps there has
+his mysterious dream, and the result proves its truth."
+
+"At least, in most instances," continued the Baron, "when we have had
+an opportunity of hearing the cases confirmed. I remember once, in
+particular. You may recollect, Lieutenant, that when you first came
+in, I had the honor of telling you you were not quite a stranger to
+me."
+
+"Certainly, Baron; and I have been wishing for a long time to ask an
+explanation of these words."
+
+"We have often heard your name mentioned by a particular friend of
+yours--one who could never pronounce it without emotion."
+
+"Ah!" cried Edward, who now saw clearly why the Baron's name had
+sounded familiar to him also--"ah! you speak of my friend Hallberg;
+truly do you say, we were indeed dear to each other."
+
+"Were!" echoed the Baron, in a faltering tone, as he observed the
+sudden change in Edward's voice and countenance; "can the blooming,
+vigorous youth be--"
+
+"Dead!" exclaimed Edward; and the Baron deeply regretted that he had
+touched so tender a chord, as he saw the young officer's eyes fill
+with tears, and a dark cloud pass over his animated features.
+
+"Forgive me," he continued, while he leaned forward and pressed
+his companion's hand; "I grieve that a thoughtless word should have
+awakened such deep sorrow. I had no idea of his death; we all loved
+the handsome young man, and by his description of you were already
+much interested in you before we had ever seen you."
+
+The conversation now turned entirely on Hallberg. Edward related the
+particulars of his death. Every one present had something to say in
+his praise; and although this sudden allusion to his dearest friend
+had agitated Edward in no slight degree, yet it was a consolation to
+him to listen to the tribute these worthy people paid to the memory of
+Ferdinand, and to see how genuine was their regret at the tidings of
+his early death. The time passed swiftly away in conversation of much
+interest, and the whole company were surprised to hear ten o'clock
+strike, an unusually late hour for this quiet, regular family. The
+chaplain read prayers, in which Edward devoutly joined, and then
+he kissed the matron's hand, and felt almost as if he were in his
+father's house. The Baron offered to show his guest to his room, and
+the servant preceded them with lights. The way led past the staircase,
+and then on one side into a long gallery, which communicated with
+another wing of the castle.
+
+The high-vaulted ceilings, the curious carving on the ponderous
+doorways, the pointed gothic windows, through many broken panes of
+which a sharp nightwind whistled, proved to Edward that he was in the
+old part of the castle, and that the famous chamber could not be far
+off.
+
+"Would it be possible for me to be quartered there," he began, rather
+timidly; "I should like it of all things."
+
+"Really!" inquired the Baron, rather surprised; "have not our ghost
+stories alarmed you?"
+
+"On the contrary," was the reply, "they have excited the most earnest
+wish--"
+
+"Then, if that be the case," said the Baron, "we will return. The room
+was already prepared for you, being the most comfortable and the best
+in the whole wing; only I fancied, after our conversation--"
+
+"Oh, certainly not," exclaimed Edward; "I could only long for such
+dreams."
+
+During this discourse they had arrived at the door of the famous room.
+They went in. They found themselves in a lofty and spacious apartment,
+so large that the two candles which the servant carried only shed a
+glimmering twilight over it, which did not penetrate to the furthest
+corner. A high-canopied bed, hung with costly but old-fashioned
+damask, of dark green, in which were swelling pillows of snowy
+whiteness, tied with green bows, and a silk coverlet of the same
+color, looked very inviting to the tired traveler. Sofa and chairs
+of faded needlework, a carved oak commode and table, a looking-glass
+in heavy framework, a prie-dieu and crucifix above it, constituted
+the furniture of the room, where, above all things, cleanliness and
+comfort preponderated, while a good deal of silver plate was spread
+out on the toilet-table.
+
+Edward looked round. "A beautiful room!" he said. "Answer me one
+question, Baron, if you please. Did he ever sleep here?"
+
+"Certainly," replied Friedenberg; "it was his usual room when he
+was here, and he had a most curious dream in that bed, which, as he
+assured us, made a great impression on him."
+
+"And what was it?" inquired Edward.
+
+"He never told us, for, as you well know, he was reserved by nature;
+but we gathered from some words that he let slip, that an early and
+sudden death was foretold. Alas! your narrative has confirmed the
+truth of the prediction."
+
+"Wonderful! He always had a similar foreboding, and many a time has
+he grieved me by alluding to it," said Edward; "yet it never made
+him gloomy or discontented. He went on his way firmly and calmly, and
+looked forward with joy, I might almost say, to another life."
+
+"He was a superior man," answered the Baron. "whose memory will ever
+be dear to us. But now I will detain you no longer. Good night. Here
+is the bell"--he showed him the cord in between the curtains--"and
+your servant sleeps in the next room."
+
+"Oh, you are too careful of me," said Edward, smiling; "I am used to
+sleep by myself."
+
+"Still," replied the Baron, "every precaution should be taken. Now
+once more good night."
+
+He shook him by the hand, and, followed by the servant, left the room.
+
+Thus Edward found himself alone, in the large, mysterious-looking,
+haunted room, where his deceased friend had so often reposed; where
+he also was expected to see a vision. The awe which the place itself
+inspired, combined with the sad and yet tender recollection of the
+departed Ferdinand, produced a state of mental excitement which was
+not favorable to his night's rest. He had already undressed with the
+aid of his servant (whom he had then dismissed,) and had been in
+bed some time, having extinguished the candles. No sleep visited his
+eyelids; and the thought recurred which had so often troubled him,
+why he had never received the promised token from Ferdinand, whether
+his friend's spirit were among the blest--whether his silence (so to
+speak) proceeded from unwillingness or incapacity to communicate with
+the living. A mingled train of reflections agitated his mind; his
+brain grew heated; his pulse beat faster and faster. The castle clock
+tolled eleven--half-past eleven. He counted the strokes: and at
+that moment the moon rose above the dark margin of the rocks which
+surrounded the castle, and shed her full light into Edward's room.
+Every object stood out in relief from the darkness. Edward gazed, and
+thought, and speculated. It seemed to him as if something moved in the
+furthest corner of the room. The movement was evident--it assumed a
+form--the form of a man, which appeared to advance, or rather to float
+forward. Here Edward lost all sense of surrounding objects, and found
+himself once more sitting at the foot of the monument in the garden
+of the academy, where he had contracted the bond with his friend.
+As formerly, the moon streamed through the dark branches of the
+fir-trees, and shed its pale cold light on the cold white marble of
+the monument. Then the floating form which had appeared in the room of
+the castle became clearer, more substantial, more earthly-looking; it
+issued from behind the tombstone, and stood in the full moonlight. It
+was Ferdinand, in the uniform of his regiment, earnest and pale, but
+with a kind smile on his features.
+
+"Ferdinand, Ferdinand!" cried Edward, overcome by joy and surprise,
+and he strove to embrace the well-loved form, but it waved him aside
+with a melancholy look.
+
+"Ah! you are dead," continued the speaker; "and why then do I see you
+just as you looked when living?"
+
+"Edward," answered the apparition, in a voice that sounded as if it
+came from afar, "I am dead, but my spirit has no peace."
+
+"You are not with the blest?" cried Edward, in a voice of terror.
+
+"God is merciful," it replied; "but we are frail and sinful creatures;
+inquire no more, but pray for me."
+
+"With all my heart," cried Edward, in a tone of anguish, while he
+gazed with affection on the familiar features; "but speak, what can I
+do for thee?"
+
+"An unholy tie still binds me to earth. I have sinned. I was cut off
+in the midst of my sinful projects. This ring burns." He slipped a
+small gold ring from his left hand. "Only when every token of this
+unholy compact is destroyed, and when I recover the ring which I
+exchanged for this, only then can my spirit be at rest. Oh, Edward,
+dear Edward, bring me back my ring!"
+
+"With joy--but where, where am I to seek it?"
+
+"Emily Varnier will give it thee herself; our engagement was contrary
+to holy duties, to prior engagements, to earlier vows. God denied
+his blessing to the guilty project, and my course was arrested in a
+fearful manner. Pray for me, Edward, and bring me back the ring, my
+ring," continued the voice, in a mournful tone of appeal.
+
+Then the features of the deceased smiled sadly but tenderly; then all
+appeared to float once more before Edward's eyes--the form was lost
+in mist, the monument, the fir-grove, the moonlight, disappeared; a
+long, gloomy, breathless pause followed. Edward lay, half sleeping,
+half benumbed, in a confused manner; portions of the dream returned
+to him--some images, some sounds--above all, the petition for the
+restitution of the ring. But an indescribable power bound his limbs,
+closed his eyelids, and silenced his voice; mental consciousness alone
+was left him, yet his mind was a prey to terror.
+
+At length these painful sensations subsided--his nerves became more
+braced, his breath came more freely, a pleasing languor crept over his
+limbs, and he fell into a peaceful sleep. When he awoke it was already
+broad daylight; his sleep toward the end of the night had been
+quiet and refreshing. He felt strong and well, but as soon as the
+recollection of his dream returned, a deep melancholy took possession
+of him, and he felt the traces of tears which grief had wrung from
+him on his eyelashes. But what had the vision been? A mere dream
+engendered by the conversation of the evening, and his affection for
+Hallberg's memory, or was it at length the fulfillment of the compact?
+
+There, out of that dark corner, had the form risen up, and moved
+toward him. But might it not have been the effect of light and shade
+produced by the moonbeams, and the dark branches of a large tree close
+to the window, when agitated by the high wind? Perhaps he had seen
+this, and then fallen asleep, and all combined, had woven itself into
+a dream. But the name of Emily Varnier! Edward did not remember ever
+to have heard it; certainly it had never been mentioned in Ferdinand's
+letters. Could it be the name of his love, of the object of that
+ardent and unfortunate passion? Could the vision be one of truth? He
+was meditating, lost in thought, when there was a knock at his door,
+and the servant entered. Edward rose hastily, and sprang out of
+bed. As he did so, he heard something fall with a ringing sound;
+the servant stooped and picked up a gold ring, plain gold, like a
+wedding-ring. Edward shuddered: he snatched it from the servant's
+hand, and the color forsook his cheeks as he read the two words
+"Emily Varnier" engraved inside the hoop. He stood there like one
+thunderstruck, as pale as a corpse, with the proof in his hand that
+he had not merely dreamed, but had actually spoken with the spirit
+of his friend. A servant of the household came in to ask whether the
+Lieutenant wished to breakfast in his room, or down stairs with the
+family. Edward would willingly have remained alone with the thoughts
+that pressed heavily on him, but a secret dread lest his absence
+should be remarked, and considered as a proof of fear, after all
+that had passed on the subject of the haunted room, determined him
+to accept the proposal. He dressed hastily, and arranged his hair
+carefully, but the paleness of his face, and the traces of tears in
+his eyes, were not to be concealed, and he entered the saloon, where
+the family were already assembled at the breakfast-table, with the
+chaplain and the doctor.
+
+The Baron rose to greet him: one glance at the young officer's face
+was sufficient; he pressed his hand in silence, and led him to a
+place by the side of the Baroness. An animated discussion now began
+concerning the weather, which was completely changed; a strong south
+wind had risen in the night, so there was now a thaw. The snow was all
+melted--the torrents were flowing once more, and the roads impassable.
+
+"How can you possibly reach Blumenberg, to-day?" the Baron inquired of
+his guest.
+
+"That will be well nigh impossible," said the doctor. "I am just
+come from a patient at the next village, and I was nearly an hour
+performing the same distance in a carriage that is usually traversed
+on foot in a quarter of an hour."
+
+Edward had not given a thought this morning to the shooting-match. Now
+that it had occurred to him to remember it, he felt little regret at
+being detained from a scene of noisy festivity which, far from being
+desirable, appeared to him actually distasteful in his present frame
+of mind. Yet he was troubled by the thought of intruding too long
+on the hospitality of his new friends; and he said, in a hesitating
+manner--
+
+"Yes! but I must try how far--"
+
+"That you shall not do," interrupted the Baron. "The road is always
+bad: and in a thaw it is always dangerous. It would go against
+my conscience to allow you to risk it. Remain with us: we have no
+shooting-match or ball to offer you, but--"
+
+"I shall not certainly regret either," cried Edward, eagerly.
+
+"Well, then, remain with us, Lieutenant," said the matron, laying
+her hand on his arm, with a kind, maternal gesture. "You are heartily
+welcome; and the longer you stay with us, the better shall we be
+pleased."
+
+The youth bowed, and raised the lady's hand to his lips, and said--
+
+"If you will allow me--if you feel certain that I am not intruding--I
+will accept your kind offer with joy. I never care much for a ball,
+at any time, and to-day in particular"--. He stopped short, and then
+added, "In such bad weather as this, the small amusement--"
+
+"Would be dearly bought." interposed the Baron. "Come, I am delighted;
+you will remain with us."
+
+He shook Edward warmly by the hand.
+
+"You know you are with old friends."
+
+"And, beside," said the doctor, with disinterested solicitude, "it
+would be imprudent, for M. de Wensleben does not look very well. Had
+you a good night, sir?"
+
+"Very good," replied Edward.
+
+"Without much dreaming?" continued the other, pertinaciously.
+
+"Dreaming! oh, nothing wonderful," answered the officer.
+
+"Hem!" said the doctor, shaking his head, portentiously. "No one
+yet--"
+
+"Were I to relate my dream," replied Edward, "you would understand it
+no more than I did. Confused images--"
+
+The Baroness, who saw the youth's unwillingness to enlarge upon the
+subject, here observed--
+
+"That some of the visions had been of no great importance--those which
+she had heard related, at least."
+
+The chaplain led the conversation from dreams, themselves, to their
+origin, on which subject he and the doctor could not agree; and Edward
+and his visions were left in peace at last. But when every one had
+departed, each to his daily occupation, Edward followed the Baron into
+his library.
+
+"I answered in that manner," he said, "to get rid of the doctor
+and his questioning. To you I will confess the truth. Your room has
+exercised its mysterious influence over me."
+
+"Indeed!" said the baron, eagerly.
+
+"I have seen and spoken with my Ferdinand, for the first time since
+his death. I will trust to your kindness--your sympathy--not to
+require of me a description of this exciting vision. But I have a
+question to put to you."
+
+"Which I will answer in all candor, if it be possible."
+
+"Do you know the name of Emily Varnier?"
+
+"Varnier!--certainly not."
+
+"Is there no one in this neighborhood who bears that name?"
+
+"No one: it sounds like a foreign name."
+
+"In the bed in which I slept I found this ring," said Edward, while he
+produced it; "and the apparition of my friend pronounced that name."
+
+"Wonderful! As I tell you, I know no one so called--this is the
+first time I ever heard the name. But it is entirely unaccountable
+to me, how the ring should have come into that bed. You see, M. von
+Wensleben, what I told you is true. There is something very peculiar
+about that room: the moment you entered, I saw that the spell had been
+working on you also, but I did not wish to forestall or force your
+confidence."
+
+"I felt the delicacy, as I do now the kindness, of your intentions.
+Those who are as sad as I am can alone tell the value of tenderness
+and sympathy."
+
+Edward remained this day and the following at the castle, and felt
+quite at home with its worthy inmates. He slept twice in the
+haunted room. He went away, and came back often; was always welcomed
+cordially, and always quartered in the same apartment. But, in spite
+of all this, he had no clew, he had no means of lifting the vail of
+mystery which hung round the fate of Ferdinand Hallberg and of Emily
+Varnier.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FROM PUNCH.
+
+OUR "IN MEMORIAM."
+
+  Not in the splendor of a ruinous glory
+  Emblazoned, glitters our lost Statesman's name:
+  The great deeds that have earned him deathless fame
+  Will cost us merely thanks. Their inventory
+  Of peaceful heroism will be a story,
+  Of wise assertion of a rightful claim,
+  And Commerce freed by sagely daring aim.
+  Famine averted; Revolution glory
+  Disarmed; and the exhausted Commonweal
+  Recruited; these are things that England long
+  Will couple with the name of ROBERT PEEL,
+  Of whom the worst his enemies can say
+  Is, that he left the error of his way
+  When Conscience told him he was in the wrong.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FROM THE SOUTHERN LITERARY MESSENGER.
+
+TO W.J.R., WITH A MS.
+
+  A little common weed, a simple shell,
+    From the waste margent of a classic sea;
+  A flower that grew where some great empire fell,
+    Worthless themselves, are rich to Memory.
+  And thus these lines are precious, for the hand
+    That penned their music crumbles into mould;
+    And the hot brain that shaped them now is cold
+  In its own ashes, like a blackened brand.--
+  But where the fiery soul that wove the spell;
+    Weeping with trailing wings beside his tomb?
+  Or stretched and tortured on the racks of Hell
+    Dark-scowling at the ministers of doom?--
+  Peace! this is but a dream, there cannot be
+  More suffering for him in Eternity!
+
+R.H. STODDARD
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FROM THE KNICKERBOCKER MAGAZINE.
+
+THE ACTUAL.
+
+  Away! no more shall shadows entertain;
+    No more shall fancy paint and dreams delude;
+  No more shall these illusions of the brain
+    Divert me with their pleasing interlude;
+  Forever are ye banished, idle joys;
+  Welcome, stern labor-life--this is no world for toys!
+
+  Blessed labor-life! victorious only he
+    Who in its lists doth valiantly contend;
+  For labor in itself is victory;
+    Yield never to repose; but let the end
+  Of Life's great battle be--the end of life:
+  A glorious immortality shall crown the strife.
+
+R.B.X.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of International Weekly Miscellany, Vol.
+I, No. 6, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INTERNATIONAL WEEKLY ***
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of International Weekly Miscellany, Vol. I,
+No. 6, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: International Weekly Miscellany, Vol. I, No. 6
+       Of Literature, Art, And Science, New York, August 5, 1850
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: October 6, 2004 [EBook #13643]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INTERNATIONAL WEEKLY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Joshua Hutchinson, William Flis, the PG Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team, and Cornell University
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+
+    <h1>INTERNATIONAL WEEKLY MISCELLANY<br />
+     Of Literature, Art, and Science.</h1>
+    <hr class="full" />
+
+    <table width="100%"
+           summary="Volume, Number, and Date">
+        <tr>
+            <td align="left"><b>Vol. I.</b></td>
+
+            <td align="center"><b>NEW YORK, August 5,
+            1850.</b></td>
+
+            <td align="right"><b>No. 6.</b></td>
+        </tr>
+    </table>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page161"
+       id="page161"></a>[pg 161]</span>
+
+    <h2>GERMAN CRITICISM ON ENGLISH FEMALE ROMANCE WRITERS.</h2>
+
+    <p>We translate the following for the <i>International</i> from
+    a letter dated London, June 15, to the <i>Cologne
+    Gazette</i>.</p>
+
+    <p>"Among the most remarkable writers of romances in England,
+    three women are entitled to be reckoned in the first rank,
+    namely, Miss Jewsbury, Miss Bronte, and Mrs. Gaskell. Miss
+    Jewsbury issued her first work about four years since, a novel,
+    in three volumes, under the title of 'Zoe,' and since then she
+    has published the 'Half Sisters.' Both these works are
+    excellent in manner as well as ideas, and show that their
+    author is a woman of profound thought and deep feeling. Both
+    are drawn from country life and the middle class, a sphere in
+    which Miss Jewsbury is at home. The tendency of the first is
+    speculative, and is based on religion; that of the second is
+    social, relating to the position of woman.</p>
+
+    <p>"Miss Jewsbury is still young, for an authoress. She counts
+    only some thirty years, and many productions may be confidently
+    expected from her hand, though perhaps none will excel those
+    already published, for, after gaining a certain climax, no one
+    excels himself. Her usual residence is Manchester; it is but
+    seldom that she visits the metropolis; she is now here. She has
+    lively and pleasing manners, a slight person, fine features, a
+    beautiful, dreamy, light brown eye. She is attractive without
+    being beautiful, retiring, altogether without pretensions, and
+    in conversation is neither brilliant nor very
+    intellectual,&mdash;a still, thoughtful, modest character.</p>
+
+    <p>"Miss Bronte was long involved in a mysterious obscurity,
+    from which she first emerged into the light as an actually
+    existing being, at her present visit to London. Two years ago
+    there appeared a romance, 'Jane Eyre,' by 'Currer Bell,' which
+    threw all England into astonishment. Everybody was tormenting
+    himself to discover the real author, for there was no such
+    person as Currer Bell, and no one could tell whether the book
+    was written by a man or woman, because the hues of the romance
+    now indicated a male and now female hand, without any
+    possibility of supposing that the whole originated with a
+    single pencil. The public attributed it now to one, now to
+    another, and the book passed to a second edition without the
+    solution of the riddle. At last there came out a second
+    romance, 'Shirley,' by the same author, which was devoured with
+    equal avidity, although it could not be compared to the former
+    in value; and still the incognito was preserved. Finally, late
+    in the autumn of last year the report was spread about that the
+    image of Jane Eyre had been discovered in London in the person
+    of a pale young lady, with gray eyes, who had been recognized
+    as the long-sought authoress. Still she remained invisible. And
+    again, in June 1850, it is said that Currer Bell, Jane Eyre,
+    Miss Bronte,&mdash;for all three names mean the same
+    person,&mdash;is in London, though to all inquiries concerning
+    the where and how a satisfactory answer is still wanting. She
+    is now indeed here, but not for the curious public; she will
+    not serve society as a lioness, will not be gazed and gaped at.
+    She is a simple child of the country, brought up in the little
+    parsonage of her father, in the North of England, and must
+    first accustom her eye to the gleaming diadem with which fame
+    seeks to deck her brow, before she can feel herself at home in
+    her own sunshine.</p>
+
+    <p>"Our third lady, Mrs. Gaskell, belongs also to the country,
+    and is the wife of a Unitarian clergyman. In this capacity she
+    has probably had occasion to know a great deal of the poorer
+    classes, to her honor be it said. Her book, 'Mary Barton,'
+    conducts us into the factory workman's narrow dwelling, and
+    depicts his joys and sorrows, his aims and efforts, his wants
+    and his misery, with a power of truth that irresistibly lays
+    hold upon the heart. The scene of the story alternates from
+    there to the city mansion of the factory owner, where, along
+    with luxury and splendor we find little love and little
+    happiness, and where sympathy with the condition of the workman
+    is wanting only because it is not known, and because no one
+    understands why or how the workman suffers. The book, is at
+    once very beautiful, very instructive, and written, in a spirit
+    of conciliation."</p>
+    <hr />
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page162"
+       id="page162"></a>[pg 162]</span>
+
+    <h2>MARGARET FULLER, MARCHESA D'OSSOLI.</h2>
+
+    <p>Sarah Margaret Fuller, by marriage Marchioness of Ossoli,
+    was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, about the year 1807. Her
+    father, Mr. Timothy Fuller, was a lawyer, and from 1817 to 1825
+    he represented the Middlesex district in Congress. At the close
+    of his last term as a legislator he purchased a farm near
+    Cambridge, and determined to abandon his profession for the
+    more congenial one of agriculture; but he died soon after,
+    leaving a widow and six children, of whom Margaret was the
+    eldest.</p>
+
+    <p>At a very early age she exhibited unusual abilities, and was
+    particularly distinguished for an extraordinary facility in
+    acquiring languages. Her father, proud of the displays of her
+    intelligence, prematurely stimulated it to a degree that was
+    ultimately injurious to her physical constitution. At eight
+    years of age he was accustomed to require of her the
+    composition of a number of Latin verses every day, while her
+    studies in philosophy, history, general science and current
+    literature were pressed to the limit of her capacities. When he
+    first went to Washington he was accustomed to speak of her as
+    one "better skilled in Greek and Latin than half of the
+    professors;" and alluding in one of her essays, to her
+    attachment to foreign literature, she herself observes that in
+    childhood she had well-nigh forgotten her English while
+    constantly reading in other tongues.</p>
+
+    <p>Soon after the death of her father, she applied herself to
+    teaching as a vocation, first in Boston, then in Providence,
+    and afterward in Boston again, while her "Conversations" were
+    for several seasons attended by classes of women, some of them
+    married, and many of them of the most eminent positions in
+    society. These conversations are described by Dr. Orestes A.
+    Brownson, as "in the highest degree brilliant, instructive, and
+    inspiring," and our own recollections of them confirm to us the
+    justice of the applause with which they are now referred to.
+    She made her first appearance as an author, in a translation of
+    Eckermann's Conversations with Goethe, published in Boston in
+    1839. When Mr. Emerson, in the following year, established
+    <i>The Dial</i>, she became one of the principal contributors
+    to that remarkable periodical, in which she wrote many of the
+    most striking papers on literature, art, and society. In the
+    summer of 1843 she made a journey to the Sault St. Marie, and
+    in the next spring published in Boston reminiscences of her
+    tour, under the title of Summer on the Lakes. <i>The Dial</i>
+    having been discontinued, she came to reside in New York, where
+    she had charge of the literary department of the New York
+    <i>Tribune</i>, which acquired a great accession of reputation
+    from her critical essays. Here in 1845 she published Woman in
+    the Nineteenth Century; and in 1846, Papers on Literature and
+    Art, in two volumes, consisting of essays and reviews,
+    reprinted, with one exception, from periodicals.</p>
+
+    <p>In the summer of 1845, she accompanied the family of a
+    friend to Europe, visiting England, Scotland, and France, and
+    passing through Italy to Rome, where they spent the ensuing
+    winter. The next spring she proceeded with her friends to the
+    north of Italy, and there stopped, spending most of the summer
+    at Florence, and returning at the approach of winter to Rome,
+    where she was soon after married to Giovanni, Marquis d'Ossoli,
+    who made her acquaintance during her first winter in that city.
+    They resided in the Roman States until the last summer, after
+    the surrender of Rome to the French army, when they deemed it
+    expedient to go to Florence, both having taken an active part
+    in the Republican movement. They left Florence in June, and at
+    Leghorn embarked in the ship Elizabeth for New York. The
+    passage commenced auspiciously, but at Gibraltar the master of
+    the ship died of smallpox, and they were detained at the
+    quarantine there some time in consequence of this misfortune,
+    but finally set sail again on the 8th of June, and arrived on
+    our coast during the terrible storm of the 18th and 19th ult.,
+    when, in the midst of darkness, rain, and a terrific gale, the
+    ship was hurled on the breakers of Fire Island, near Long
+    Island, and in a few hours was broken in pieces. Margaret
+    Fuller d'Ossoli, the Marquis d'Ossoli, and their son, two years
+    of age, with an Italian girl, and Mr. Horace Sumner of Boston,
+    besides several of the crew, lost their lives. We reprint a
+    sketch of the works and genius of Margaret Fuller, written
+    several years ago by the late Edgar A. Poe.</p>
+    <hr class="short" />
+
+    <p>"Miss Fuller was at one time editor, or one of the editors
+    of the 'The Dial,' to which she contributed many of the most
+    forcible and certainly some of the most peculiar papers. She is
+    known, too, by 'Summer on the Lakes,' a remarkable assemblage
+    of sketches, issued in 1844, by Little &amp; Brown, of Boston.
+    More lately she published 'Woman in the Nineteenth Century,' a
+    work which has occasioned much discussion, having had the good
+    fortune to be warmly abused and chivalrously defended. For
+    '<i>The New York Tribune</i>,' she has furnished a great
+    variety of matter, chiefly notices of new books, etc., etc.,
+    her articles being designated by an asterisk. Two of the best
+    of them were a review of Professor Longfellow's late
+    magnificent edition of his own works, (with a portrait,) and an
+    appeal to the public in behalf of her friend Harro Harring. The
+    review did her infinite credit; it was frank, candid,
+    independent&mdash;in even ludicrous contrast to the usual mere
+    glorifications of the day, giving honor <i>only</i> where honor
+    was due, yet evincing the most thorough capacity to appreciate
+    and the most sincere intention to place in the fairest light
+    the real and idiosyncratic merits of the poet. In my opinion it
+    is one of the very few reviews of Longfellow's poems, ever
+    published in America, of which the critics have not had
+    abundant reason to be ashamed. Mr. Longfellow is entitled to a
+    certain and very distinguished rank among the poets of his
+    country, but that country is disgraced by the evident toadyism
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page163"
+       id="page163"></a>[pg 163]</span> which would award to his
+       social position and influence, to his fine paper and large
+       type, to his morocco binding and gilt edges, to his
+       flattering portrait of himself, and to the illustrations of
+       his poems by Huntingdon, that amount of indiscriminate
+       approbation which neither could nor would have been given to
+       the poems themselves. The defense of Harro Harring, or
+       rather the philippic against those who were doing him wrong,
+       was one of the most eloquent and well-<i>put</i> articles I
+       have ever yet seen in a newspaper.</p>
+
+    <p>"'Woman in the Nineteenth Century' is a book which few women
+    in the country could have written, and no woman in the country
+    would have published, with the exception of Miss Fuller. In the
+    way of independence, of unmitigated radicalism, it is one of
+    the 'Curiosities of American Literature,' and Doctor Griswold
+    should include it in his book. I need scarcely say that the
+    essay is nervous, forcible, suggestive, brilliant, and to a
+    certain extent scholar-like&mdash;for all that Miss Fuller
+    produces is entitled to these epithets&mdash;but I must say
+    that the conclusions reached are only in part my own. Not that
+    they are bold, by any means&mdash;too novel, too startling or
+    too dangerous in their consequences, but that in their
+    attainment too many premises have been distorted, and too many
+    analogical inferences left altogether out of sight. I mean to
+    say that the intention of the Deity as regards sexual
+    differences&mdash;an intention which can be distinctly
+    comprehended only by throwing the exterior (more sensitive)
+    portions of the mental retina <i>casually</i> over the wide
+    field of universal <i>analogy</i>&mdash;I mean to say that this
+    <i>intention</i> has not been sufficiently considered. Miss
+    Fuller has erred, too, through her own excessive objectiveness.
+    She judges <i>woman</i> by the heart and intellect of Miss
+    Fuller, but there are not more than one or two dozen Miss
+    Fullers on the whole face of the earth. Holding these opinions
+    in regard to 'Woman in the Nineteenth Century,' I still feel
+    myself called upon to disavow the silly, condemnatory criticism
+    of the work which appeared in one of the earlier numbers of
+    "<i>The Broadway Journal</i>." That article was <i>not</i>
+    written by myself, and <i>was</i> written by my associate, Mr.
+    Briggs.</p>
+
+    <p>"The most favorable estimate of Miss Fuller's genius (for
+    high genius she unquestionably possesses) is to be obtained,
+    perhaps, from her contributions to 'The Dial,' and from her
+    'Summer on the Lakes.' Many of the <i>descriptions</i> in this
+    volume are unrivaled for <i>graphicality</i>, (why is there not
+    such a word?) for the force with which they convey the true by
+    the novel or unexpected, by the introduction of touches which
+    other artists would be sure to omit as irrelevant to the
+    subject. This faculty, too, springs from her subjectiveness,
+    which leads her to paint a scene less by its features than by
+    its effects.</p>
+
+    <p>"Here, for example, is a portion of her account of
+    Niagara:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"'Daily these proportions widened and towered more and
+        more upon my sight, and I got at last a proper foreground
+        for these sublime distances. Before coming away, I think I
+        really saw the full wonder of the scene. After a while it
+        <i>so drew me into itself as to inspire an undefined dread,
+        such as I never knew before, such as may be felt when death
+        is about to usher us into a new existence</i>. The
+        perpetual trampling of the waters seized my senses. <i>I
+        felt that no other sound, however near, could be heard, and
+        would start and look behind me for a foe</i>. I realised
+        the identity of that mood of nature in which these waters
+        were poured down with such absorbing force, with that in
+        which the Indian was shaped on the same soil. For
+        continually upon my mind came, unsought and unwelcome,
+        <i>images such as had never haunted it before, of naked
+        savages stealing behind me with uplifted tomahawks</i>.
+        Again and again this illusion recurred, and even <i>after I
+        had thought it over, and tried to shake it off, I could not
+        help starting and looking behind me</i>. What I liked best
+        was to sit on Table Rock close to the great fall; <i>there
+        all power of observing details, all separate consciousness
+        was quite lost</i>.'</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>"The truthfulness of the passages italicized will be felt by
+    all; the feelings described are, perhaps, experienced by every
+    (imaginative) person who visits the fall; but most persons,
+    through predominant subjectiveness, would scarcely be conscious
+    of the feelings, or, at best, would never think of employing
+    them in an attempt to convey to others an impression of the
+    scene. Hence so many desperate failures to convey it on the
+    part of ordinary tourists. Mr. William W. Lord, to be sure, in
+    his poem 'Niagara,' is sufficiently objective; he describes not
+    the fall, but very properly, the effect of the fall upon
+    <i>him</i>. He says that it made him think of his <i>own</i>
+    greatness, of his <i>own</i> superiority, and so forth, and so
+    forth; and it is only when we come to think that the thought of
+    Mr. Lord's greatness is quite idiosyncratic confined
+    exclusively to Mr. Lord, that we are in condition to understand
+    how, in spite of his objectiveness he has failed to convey an
+    idea of anything beyond one Mr. William W. Lord.</p>
+
+    <p>"From the essay entitled 'Philip Van Artevelde, I copy a
+    paragraph which will serve at once to exemplify Miss Fuller's
+    more earnest (declamatory) style, and to show the tenor of her
+    prospective speculations:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"'At Chicago I read again 'Philip Van Artevelde,' and
+        certain passages in it will always be in my mind associated
+        with the deep sound of the lake, as heard in the night. I
+        used to read a short time at night, and then open the blind
+        to look out. The moon would be full upon the lake, and the
+        calm breath, pure light, and the deep voice, harmonized
+        well with the thought of the Flemish hero. When will this
+        country have such a man? It is what she needs&mdash;no thin
+        Idealist, no coarse Realist, but a man whose eye reads the
+        heavens while his feet step firmly on the ground, and his
+        hands are strong and dexterous in the use of human
+        instruments. A man, religious, virtuous,
+        and&mdash;sagacious; a man of universal sympathies, but
+        self-possessed; a man who knows the region of emotion,
+        though he is not its slave; a man to whom this world is no
+        mere spectacle or fleeting shadow, but a great, solemn
+        game, to be played with good heed, for its stakes are of
+        eternal value, yet who, if his own play be true, heeds not
+        what he loses by the falsehood of others. A man who lives
+        from the past, yet knows that its honey can but moderately
+        avail him; whose comprehensive eye scans the present,
+        neither infatuated by its golden lures nor chilled by its
+        many ventures; who possesses prescience, as the wise man
+        must, but not so far as to be driven mad to-day by the gift
+        which discerns to-morrow. When there is such a man for
+        America, the thought which urges her on will be
+        expressed."</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>"From what I have quoted, a <i>general</i> conception of the
+    prose style of the authoress may be gathered. Her manner,
+    however, is infinitely varied. It is always forcible&mdash;but
+    I am not sure that it is always anything else, unless I say
+    picturesque. It rather indicates than evinces scholarship.
+    Perhaps only the scholastic, or, more properly, those
+    accustomed to look narrowly at the structure of phrases, would
+    be willing to acquit her of ignorance of grammar&mdash;would be
+    willing to attribute her slovenliness to disregard of the shell
+    in anxiety for the kernel; or to waywardness, or to
+    affectation, or to blind reverence to Carlyle&mdash;would be
+    able to detect, in her strange and continual inaccuracies, a
+    capacity for the accurate.</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"'I cannot sympathize with such an apprehension; the
+        spectacle is <i>capable to</i> swallow <i>up</i> all such
+        objects."</p>
+
+        <p>"It is fearful, too, to know, as you look, that whatever
+        has been swallowed by the cataract, is <i>like</i> to rise
+        suddenly to light."</p>
+
+        <p>"I took our <i>mutual</i> friends to see
+        her."</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page164"
+           id="page164"></a>[pg 164]</span>
+
+        <p>"It was always obvious that they had nothing in common
+        <i>between them</i>."</p>
+
+        <p>"The Indian cannot be looked at truly <i>except</i> by a
+        poetic eye."</p>
+
+        <p>"McKenny's Tour to the Lakes gives some facts not to be
+        met <i>with</i> elsewhere."</p>
+
+        <p>"There is that mixture of culture and rudeness in the
+        aspect of things <i>as</i> gives a feeling of freedom,"
+        etc., etc.</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>"These are merely a few, a very few instances, taken at
+    random from among a multitude of <i>willful</i> murders
+    committed by Miss Fuller on the American of President Polk. She
+    uses, too, the word 'ignore,' a vulgarity adopted only of late
+    days (and to no good purpose, since there is no necessity for
+    it) from the barbarisms of the law, and makes no scruple of
+    giving the Yankee interpretation to the verbs 'witness' and
+    'realize,' to say nothing of 'use,' as in the sentence, 'I used
+    to read a short time at night.' It will not do to say in
+    defense of such words, that in such senses they may be found in
+    certain dictionaries&mdash;in that of Bolles', for
+    instance;&mdash;<i>some</i> kind of 'authority' may be found
+    for <i>any</i> kind of vulgarity under the sun.</p>
+
+    <p>"In spite of these things, however and of her frequent
+    unjustifiable Carlyleisms, (such as that of writing sentences
+    which are no sentences, since, to be parsed, reference must be
+    had to sentences preceding,) the style of Miss Fuller is one of
+    the very best with which I am acquainted. In general effect, I
+    know no style which surpasses it. It is singularly piquant,
+    vivid, terse, bold, luminous&mdash;leaving details out of
+    sight, it is everything that a style need be.</p>
+
+    <p>"I believe that Miss Fuller has written much poetry,
+    although she has published little. That little is tainted with
+    the affectation of the <i>transcendentalists</i>, (I used this
+    term, of course, in the sense which the public of late days
+    seem resolved to give it,) but is brimful of the poetic
+    <i>sentiment</i>. Here, for example, is something in
+    Coleridge's manner, of which the author of 'Genevieve' might
+    have had no reason to be ashamed:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>A maiden sat beneath a tree;</p>
+
+            <p>Tear-bedewed her pale cheeks be,</p>
+
+            <p>And she sighed heavily.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>From forth the wood into the <i>light</i></p>
+
+            <p>A hunter strides with carol <i>light</i></p>
+
+            <p>And a glance so bold and bright.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>He careless stopped and eyed the maid;</p>
+
+            <p>'Why weepest thou?' he gently said;</p>
+
+            <p>'I love thee well, be not afraid.'</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>He takes her hand and leads her on&mdash;</p>
+
+            <p>She should have waited there alone,</p>
+
+            <p>For he was not her chosen one.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>He <i>leans</i> her head upon his breast&mdash;</p>
+
+            <p>She knew 'twas not her home of rest,</p>
+
+            <p>But, ah! she had been sore distrest.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>The sacred stars looked sadly down;</p>
+
+            <p>The parting moon appeared to frown,</p>
+
+            <p>To see thus dimmed the diamond crown.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>Then from the thicket starts a deer&mdash;</p>
+
+            <p>The huntsman seizing <i>on</i> his spear</p>
+
+            <p>Cries, 'Maiden, wait thou for me here.'</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>She sees him vanish into night&mdash;</p>
+
+            <p>She starts from sleep in deep affright,</p>
+
+            <p>For it was not her own true knight.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>Though but in dream Gunhilda failed&mdash;</p>
+
+            <p>Though but a fancied ill assailed&mdash;</p>
+
+            <p>Though she but fancied fault bewailed&mdash;</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>Yet thought of day makes dream of night;</p>
+
+            <p>She is not worthy of the knight;</p>
+
+            <p>The inmost altar burns not bright.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>If loneliness thou canst not bear&mdash;</p>
+
+            <p>Cannot the dragon's venom dare&mdash;</p>
+
+            <p>Of the pure meed thou shouldst despair.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>Now sadder that lone maiden sighs;</p>
+
+            <p>Far bitterer tears profane her eyes;</p>
+
+            <p>Crushed in the dust her heart's flower lies.'</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>"To show the evident carelessness with which this poem was
+    constructed, I have italicized an identical rhyme (of about the
+    same force in versification as an identical proposition in
+    logic) and two grammatical improprieties. <i>To lean</i> is a
+    neuter verb, and 'seizing <i>on</i>' is not properly to be
+    called a pleonasm, merely because it is&mdash;nothing at all.
+    The concluding line is difficult of pronunciation through
+    excess of consonants. I should have preferred, indeed, the
+    ante-penultimate tristich as the <i>finale</i> of the poem.</p>
+
+    <p>"The supposition that the book of an author is a thing apart
+    from the author's self, is, I think, ill-founded. The soul is a
+    cipher, in the sense of a cryptograph; and the shorter a
+    cryptograph is, the more difficulty there is in its
+    comprehension&mdash;at a certain point of brevity it would bid
+    defiance to an army of Champollions. And thus he who has
+    written very little, may in that little either conceal his
+    spirit or convey quite an erroneous idea of it&mdash;of his
+    acquirements, talents, temper, manner, tenor and depth (or
+    shallowness) of thought&mdash;in a word of his character, of
+    himself. But this is impossible with him who has written much.
+    Of such a person we get, from his books, not merely a just, but
+    the most just representation. Bulwer, the individual, personal
+    man, in a green velvet waistcoat and amber gloves, is not by
+    any means the veritable Sir Edward Lytton, who is discoverable
+    only in 'Ernest Maltravers,' where his soul is deliberately and
+    nakedly set forth. And who would ever know Dickens by looking
+    at him or talking with him, or doing anything with him except
+    reading his 'Curiosity Shop?' What poet, in especial, but must
+    feel at least the better portion of himself more fairly
+    represented in even his commonest sonnet, (earnestly written,)
+    than in his most elaborate or most intimate personalities?</p>
+
+    <p>"I put all this as a general proposition, to which Miss
+    Fuller affords a marked exception&mdash;to this extent, that
+    her personal character and her printed book are merely one and
+    the same thing. We get access to her soul <i>as</i> directly
+    from the one as from the other&mdash;no <i>more</i> readily
+    from this than from that&mdash;easily from either. Her acts are
+    bookish, and her books are less thoughts than acts. Her
+    literary and her conversational manner are identical. Here is a
+    passage from her 'Summer on the Lakes:'&mdash;</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>"'The rapids enchanted me far beyond what I expected;
+        they are so swift that they cease to <i>seem</i>
+        so&mdash;you can think only of their <i>beauty</i>. The
+        fountain beyond the Moss Islands I discovered for myself,
+        and thought it for some time an <i>accidental</i> beauty
+        which it would not do to <i>leave</i>, lest I might never
+        see it again. After I found it <i>permanent</i>, I returned
+        many times to watch the play of its crest. In the little
+        waterfall, beyond, Nature seems, as she often does, to have
+        made a <i>study</i> for some larger design. She delights in
+        this&mdash;a sketch within a sketch&mdash;a dream within
+        <i>a dream</i>. Wherever we see it, the lines of the great
+        buttress in the fragment of stone, the hues of the
+        waterfall, copied in the flowers that <i>star</i> its
+        bordering mosses, we are <i>delighted</i>; for all the
+        lineaments become <i>fluent</i>, and we mould the scene in
+        congenial thought with its <i>genius</i>.'</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>"Now all this is precisely as Miss Fuller would <i>speak</i>
+    it. She is perpetually saying just such things in just such
+    words. To get the <i>conversational</i> woman in the mind's
+    eye, all that is needed is to imagine her reciting the
+    paragraph just quoted: but first let us have the
+    <i>personal</i> woman. She is of the medium height; nothing
+    remarkable about the figure; a profusion of lustrous light
+    hair; eyes a bluish gray, full of fire; capacious forehead; the
+    mouth when in repose indicates profound sensibility, capacity
+    for affection, for love&mdash;when moved by a slight smile, it
+    becomes even beautiful in the intensity of this expression; but
+    the upper lip, as if impelled by the action of involuntary
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page165"
+       id="page165"></a>[pg 165]</span> muscles, habitually uplifts
+       itself, conveying the impression of a sneer. Imagine, now, a
+       person of this description looking at you one moment
+       earnestly in the face, at the next seeming to look only
+       within her own spirit or at the wall; moving nervously every
+       now and then in her chair; speaking in a high key, but
+       musically, deliberately, (not hurriedly or loudly,) with a
+       delicious distinctness of enunciation&mdash;speaking, I say,
+       the paragraph in question, and emphasizing the words which I
+       have italicized, not by impulsion of the breath, (as is
+       usual) but by drawing them out as long as possible, nearly
+       closing her eyes, the while&mdash;imagine all this, and we
+       have both the woman and the authoress before us."</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h4>[From the New York Tribune.]</h4>
+
+    <h3>ON THE DEATH OF S. MARGARET FULLER.</h3>
+
+    <h4>BY G.F.R. JAMES</h4>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>High hopes and bright thine early path bedecked,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">And aspirations beautiful, though
+            wild,</p>
+
+            <p>A heart too strong, a powerful will unchecked,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">A dream that earth-things could be
+            undefiled.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>But soon, around thee, grew a golden chain,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">That bound the woman to more human
+            things,</p>
+
+            <p>And taught with joy&mdash;and, it may be, with
+            pain&mdash;</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">That there are limits e'en to Spirits'
+            wings.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>Husband and child&mdash;the loving and
+            beloved&mdash;</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Won, from the vast of thought, a mortal
+            part,</p>
+
+            <p>The empassioned wife and mother, yielding,
+            proved</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Mind has, itself, a master&mdash;in the
+            heart.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>In distant lands enhaloed by old fame</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Thou found'st the only chain the spirit
+            knew,</p>
+
+            <p>But, captive, led'st thy captors from the shame</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Of ancient freedom, to the pride of
+            new.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>And loved hearts clung around thee on the deck,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Welling with sunny hopes 'neath sunny
+            skies;</p>
+
+            <p>The wide horizon round thee had no speck;</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">E'en Doubt herself could see no cloud
+            arise.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>The loved ones clung around thee, when the sail,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">O'er wide Atlantic billows, onward
+            bore</p>
+
+            <p>Thy freight of joys, and the expanding gale</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Pressed the glad bark toward thy native
+            shore.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>The loved ones clung around thee still, when all</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Was darkness, tempest, terror, and
+            dismay&mdash;</p>
+
+            <p>More closely clung around thee, when the pall</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Of fate was falling o'er the mortal
+            clay.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>With them to live&mdash;with them, with them to
+            die&mdash;</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Sublime of human love intense and
+            fine!</p>
+
+            <p>Was thy last prayer unto the Deity,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">And it was granted thee by love
+            divine.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>In the same billow&mdash;in the same dark
+            grave&mdash;</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Mother, and child, and husband find their
+            rest.</p>
+
+            <p>The dream is ended; and the solemn wave</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Gives back the gifted to her country's
+            breast.</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>An Illustration of the high prices paid to fortunate artists
+    in these times may be found in the fact that Alboni, the famous
+    contralto singer, has been engaged to sing at Madrid, at the
+    enormous rate of $400 dollars per day, while Roger, the tenor,
+    who used to sing at the Comic Opera at Paris, and who was
+    transplanted to the Grand Opera to assist in the production of
+    Meyerbeer's "Prophet," has been engaged to sing with her at the
+    more moderate salary of $8000 a month. This is almost equal to
+    the extravagant sum guaranteed to Jenny Lind for performing in
+    this country. It would be a curious inquiry why singers and
+    dancers are always paid so much more exorbitantly than
+    painters, sculptors or musical composers, especially as the
+    pleasure they confer is of a merely evanescent character, while
+    the works of the latter remain a perpetual source of delight
+    and refinement to all generations.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h2>FRASER'S MAGAZINE UPON THE POETS AND POETRY OF
+    AMERICA.</h2>
+
+    <p>The last number of <i>Fraser's Magazine</i> has a long
+    article upon THE POETS AND POETRY OF AMERICA, in which the
+    subject is treated with more than the customary civility of
+    English criticism upon this subject. We are half inclined,
+    indeed, to believe the article was written "above Bleecker," or
+    by an inhabitant of that quarter now in London. Omitting the
+    illustrative extracts, we copy the greater portion of the
+    review, in which most of those who are admitted to be poets are
+    characterized.</p>
+
+    <p>"When Halleck said of New York&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p class="i10">Our fourteen wards</p>
+
+            <p>Contain some seven-and-thirty-bards,</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>he rather understated than exaggerated the fact. Mr.
+    Griswold, besides the ninety regular poets in his collection,
+    gives an appendix of about seventy fugitive pieces by as many
+    authors; and bitter complaints have been made against him in
+    various quarters for not including some seventy, or a hundred
+    and seventy more, 'who,' it is said, and probably with truth,
+    'have as good a right to be there as many of those admitted.'
+    Still it is possible to pick out a few of general reputation,
+    whom literati from all parts of the Union would agree in
+    sustaining as specimens of distinguished American poets, though
+    they would differ in assigning their relative position. Thus,
+    if the Republic had to choose a laureate, Boston would probably
+    deposit a nearly unanimous vote for Longfellow; the suffrages
+    of New York might he divided between Bryant and Halleck; and
+    the southern cities would doubtless give a large majority for
+    Poe. But these gentlemen, and some three or four more, would be
+    acknowledged by all as occupying the first rank. Perhaps, on
+    the whole, the preponderance of native authority justifies us
+    in heading the list with Bryant, who, at any rate, has the
+    additional title of seniority in authorship, if not in actual
+    years.</p>
+
+    <p>"William Cullen Bryant is, as we learn from Mr. Griswold,
+    about fifty-five years old, and was born in Massachusetts,
+    though his literary career is chiefly associated with New York,
+    of which he is a resident. With a precocity extraordinary, even
+    in a country where precocity is the rule instead of the
+    exception, he began to write <i>and publish</i> at the age of
+    thirteen, and has, therefore, been full forty years before the
+    American public, and that not in the capacity of poet
+    alone&mdash;having for more than half that period edited the
+    <i>Evening Post</i>, one of the ablest and most respectable
+    papers in the United States, and the oldest organ, we believe,
+    of the Democratic party in New York. He has been called, and
+    with justice, a poet of nature. The prairie solitude, the
+    summer evening landscape, the night wind of autumn, the
+    water-bird flitting homeward through the twilight&mdash;such
+    are the favorite subjects of inspiration.
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page166"
+       id="page166"></a>[pg 166]</span> <i>Thanatopsis</i>, one of
+       his most admired pieces, was written at the age of
+       <i>eighteen</i>, and exhibits a finish of style, no less
+       than a maturity of thought, very remarkable for so youthful
+       a production. Mr. Bryant's poems have been for some years
+       pretty well known on this side the water,&mdash;better
+       known, at any rate, than any other transatlantic verses; on
+       which account, being somewhat limited for space, we forbear
+       to make any extracts from them.</p>
+
+    <p>"FITZ-GREENE HALLECK is also a New-Englander by birth and a
+    New Yorker by adoption. He is Bryant's contemporary and friend,
+    but the spirit and style of his versification are very
+    different; and so, it is said, are his political affinities.
+    While Bryant is a bulwark of the Democracy, Halleck is reported
+    to be not only an admirer of the obsolete Federalists, but an
+    avowed Monarchist. To be sure, this is only his private
+    reputation: no trace of such a feeling is observable in his
+    writings, which show throughout a sturdy vein of republicanism,
+    social and political. In truth, the party classification of
+    American literary men is apt to puzzle the uninitiated. Thus
+    Washington Irving is said to belong to the Democrats; but it
+    would be hard to find in his writings anything countenancing
+    their claim upon him. His sketches of English society are a
+    panegyric of old institutions; and the fourth book of his
+    <i>Knickerbocker</i> is throughout a palpable satire on the
+    administration of Thomas Jefferson, the great apostle of
+    Democracy. Perhaps, however, he may since have changed his
+    views. Willis, too, the 'Free Penciler,' who has been half his
+    life prating about lords and ladies, and great people, and has
+    become a sort of Jenkins to the fashionable life of New York;
+    he also is one of the Democratic party. Peradventure he may
+    vote the 'Locofoco ticket' in the hope of propitiating <i>the
+    boys</i> (as the <i>canaille</i> of American cities are
+    properly called), and saving his printing-office from the fate
+    of the Italian Opera House in Astor Place. But what shall we
+    say of Cooper, who, by his anti-democratic opinions, has made
+    himself one of the most unpopular men in his country, and whose
+    recent political novels rival the writings of Judge Haliburton
+    in the virulence as well as the cleverness of their satire upon
+    Republican institutions? He, too, is a Democrat. To us, who are
+    not behind the curtain, these things are a mystery incapable of
+    explanation. To return to our present subject. Halleck made his
+    <i>début</i> in the poetical world by some satirical pieces
+    called <i>The Croakers</i>, which created as much sensation at
+    their appearance as the anonymous <i>Salmagundi</i> which
+    commenced Irving's literary career. These were succeeded by
+    <i>Fanny</i>, a poem in the <i>Don Juan</i> metre. <i>Fanny</i>
+    has no particular plot or story, but is a satirical review of
+    all the celebrities, literary, fashionable, and political, of
+    New York at that day (1821). And the satire was probably very
+    good at the time and in the place; but, unfortunately for the
+    extent and permanence of its reputation, most of these
+    celebrities are utterly unknown, not merely beyond the limits
+    of the Union, but beyond those of New York. Among all the
+    personages enumerated we can find but two names that an
+    European reader would be likely to know anything
+    about,&mdash;Clinton and Van Buren. Nay, more, in the rapid
+    growth and change of things American, the present generation of
+    New Yorkers are likely to lose sight of the lions of their
+    immediate progenitors; and unless some Manhattanese scholiast
+    should write a commentary on the poem in time, its allusions,
+    and with them most of its wit, will be in danger of perishing
+    entirely. What we <i>can</i> judge of in <i>Fanny</i> are one
+    or two graceful lyrics interspersed in it, though even these
+    are marred by untimely comicality and local allusions. The
+    nominal hero, while wandering about at night after the wreck of
+    his fortunes, hears a band playing outside a public place of
+    entertainment. It must have been a better band than that which
+    now, from the Museum opposite the Astor House, drives to frenzy
+    the hapless stranger.... In Halleck's subsequent productions
+    the influence of Campbell is more perceptible than that of
+    Byron, and with manifest advantage. It may be said of his
+    compositions, as it can be affirmed of few American verses,
+    that they have a real innate harmony, something not dependent
+    on the number of syllables in each line, or capable of being
+    dissected out into feet, but growing in them, as it were, and
+    created by the fine ear of the writer. Their sentiments, too,
+    are exalted and ennobling; eminently genial and honest, they
+    stamp the author for a good man and true,&mdash;Nature's
+    aristocracy.... For some unexplained reason Halleck has not
+    written, or at least not published, anything new for several
+    years, though continually solicited to do so; for he is a great
+    favorite with his countrymen, especially with the New Yorkers.
+    His time, however, has been by no means passed in idleness.
+    Fashionable as writing is in America, it is not considered
+    desirable or, indeed, altogether reputable, that the poet
+    should be <i>only</i> a poet. Halleck has been in business most
+    of his life; and was lately head-clerk of the wealthy merchant,
+    John Jacob Astor, who left him a handsome annuity. This was
+    increased by Mr. Astor's son and heir, a man of well-known
+    liberality; so that between the two there is a chance of the
+    poet's being enabled to 'meditate the tuneful Muse' for the
+    remainder of his days free from all distractions of
+    business.</p>
+
+    <p>"LONGFELLOW, the pet poet of Boston, is a much younger man
+    than either Bryant or Halleck, and has made his reputation only
+    within the last twelve years, during which time he has been one
+    of the most noted lions of American Athens. The city of Boston,
+    as every one knows who has been there, or who has met with any
+    book or man emanating from it, claims to be the literary
+    metropolis of the United States, and assumes the
+    slightly-pretending <span class="pagenum"><a name="page167"
+       id="page167"></a>[pg 167]</span> <i>soubriquet</i> just
+       quoted. The American Athenians have their thinking and
+       writing done for them by a coterie whose distinctive
+       characteristics are Socinianism in theology, a
+       prćter-Puritan prudery in ethics, a German tendency in
+       metaphysics, and throughout all a firm persuasion that
+       Boston is the fountain-head of art, scholarship, and
+       literature for the western world, and particularly that New
+       York is a Nazareth in such things, out of which can come
+       nothing good. For the Bostonians, who certainly cultivate
+       literature with more general devotion, if not always with
+       more individual success than the New Yorkers, can never
+       forgive their commercial neighbors for possessing by birth
+       the two most eminent prose-writers of the
+       country&mdash;Irving and Cooper; and by adoption, two of the
+       leading poets&mdash;Bryant and Halleck. Nor are the good
+       people of the 'Empire State' slow to resent these
+       exhibitions of small jealousy; but, on the contrary, as the
+       way of the world is, they are apt to retort by greater
+       absurdities. So shy are they of appearing to be guided by
+       the dicta of their eastern friends, that to this day there
+       is scarcely man or woman on Manhattan Island who will
+       confess a liking for Tennyson, Mrs. Barrett Browning, or
+       Robert Browning, simply because these poets were taken up
+       and patronized (metaphorically speaking, of course,) by the
+       'Mutual Admiration Society' of Boston.</p>
+
+    <p>"The immediate influences of this <i>camaraderie</i> are
+    highly flattering and apparently beneficial to the subject of
+    them, but its ultimate effects are most injurious to the proper
+    development of his powers. When the merest trifles that a man
+    throws off are inordinately praised, he soon becomes content
+    with producing the merest trifles. Longfellow has grown
+    unaccustomed to do himself justice. Half his volumes are filled
+    up with translations; graceful and accurate, indeed; but
+    translations, and often from originals of very moderate merit.
+    His last original poem, <i>Evangeline</i>, is a sort of
+    pastoral in hexameters. The resuscitation of this classical
+    metre had a queer effect upon the American quidnuncs. Some of
+    the <i>critics</i> evidently believed it to be a bran-new metre
+    invented for the nonce by the author, a delusion which they of
+    the 'Mutual Admiration' rather winked at; and the parodists who
+    endeavored to ridicule the new measure were evidently not quite
+    sure whether seven feet or nine made a hexameter. It is really
+    to be regretted that Longfellow has been cajoled into playing
+    these tricks with himself, for his earlier pieces were works of
+    much promise, and, had they been worthily followed out, might
+    have entitled him to a high place among the poets of the
+    language.... Longfellow's poetry, whenever he really lays
+    himself out to write poetry, has a definite idea and purpose in
+    it&mdash;no small merit now-a-days. His versification is
+    generally harmonious, and he displays a fair command of metre.
+    Sometimes he takes a fancy to an obsolete or out-of-the-way
+    stanza; one of his longest and best poems, <i>The Skeleton in
+    Armor</i>, is exactly in the measure of Drayton's fine ballad
+    on Agincourt. His chief fault is an over-fondness for simile
+    and metaphor. He seems to think indispensable the introduction
+    into everything he writes of a certain (or sometimes a very
+    uncertain) number of these figures. Accordingly his poems are
+    crowded with comparisons, sometimes very pretty and pleasing,
+    at others so far-fetched that the string of tortured images
+    which lead off Alfred de Musset's bizarre <i>Ode to the
+    Moon</i> can hardly equal them. This <i>making figures</i>
+    (whether from any connection with the calculating habits of the
+    people or not) is a terrible propensity of American writers,
+    whether of prose or verse. Their orators are especial sinners
+    in this respect. We have seen speeches stuck as full of
+    metaphors (more or less mixed) as Burton's <i>Anatomy</i> is of
+    quotations.</p>
+
+    <p>"Such persons as know from experience that literary people
+    are not always in private life what their writings would
+    betoken, that Miss Bunions do not precisely resemble March
+    violets, and mourners upon paper may be laughers over
+    mahogany&mdash;such persons will not be surprised to hear that
+    the Longfellow is a very jolly fellow, a lover of fun and good
+    dinners, and of an amiability and personal popularity that have
+    aided not a little the popularity of his writings in verse and
+    prose&mdash;for he writes prose too, prettier, quainter, more
+    figurative, and more poetic if anything, than his poetry. He is
+    also a professor at Harvard College, near Boston.</p>
+
+    <p>"EDGAR A. POE, like Longfellow and most of the other
+    American poets, wrote prose as well as poetry, having produced
+    a number of wild, grotesque, and powerfully-imagined tales;
+    unlike most of them he was a literary man <i>pur sang</i>. He
+    depended for support entirely on his writings, and his career
+    was more like the precarious existence of an author in the time
+    of Johnson and Savage than the decent life of an author in our
+    own day. He was a Southerner by birth, acquired a liberal
+    education, and what the French call 'expansive' tastes, was
+    adopted by a rich relative, quarreled with him, married 'for
+    love,' and lived by editing magazines in Richmond,
+    Philadelphia, and New York; by delivering lectures (the
+    never-failing last resort of the American literary adventurer);
+    by the occasional subscriptions of compassionate acquaintances
+    or admiring friends&mdash;any way he could&mdash;for eighteen
+    or nineteen years: lost his wife, involved himself in endless
+    difficulties, and finally died in what should have been the
+    prime of his life, about six months ago. His enemies attributed
+    his untimely death to intemperance; his writings would rather
+    lead to the belief that he was an habitual taker of opium. If
+    it make a man a poet to be</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>Dowered with the hate of hate, the scorn of
+            scorn,</p>
+
+            <p>The love of love,</p>
+        </div>
+    </div><span class="pagenum"><a name="page168"
+       id="page168"></a>[pg 168]</span>
+
+    <p>Poe was certainly a poet. Virulently and ceaselessly abused
+    by his enemies (who included a large portion of the press), he
+    was worshiped to infatuation by his friends. The severity of
+    his editorial criticisms, and the erratic course of his life,
+    fully account for the former circumstance; the latter is
+    probably to be attributed, in part at least, to pity for his
+    mishaps.</p>
+
+    <p>"If Longfellow's poetry is best designated as quaint, Poe's
+    may most properly be characterized as fantastic. The best of it
+    reminds one of Tennyson, not by any direct imitation of
+    particular passages, but by its general air and tone. But he
+    was very far from possessing Tennyson's fine ear for melody.
+    His skill in versification, sometimes striking enough, was
+    evidently artificial; he overstudied metrical expression and
+    overrated its value so as sometimes to write, what were little
+    better than nonsense-verses, for the rhythm. He had an
+    incurable propensity for refrains, and when he had once caught
+    a harmonious cadence, appeared to think it could not be too
+    often repeated. Poe's name is usually mentioned in connection
+    with <i>The Raven</i>, a poem which he published about five
+    years ago. It had an immense run, and gave rise to innumerable
+    parodies&mdash;those tests of notoriety if not of merit. And
+    certainly it is not without a peculiar and fantastic excellence
+    in the execution, while the conception is highly striking and
+    poetic. This much notice seems due to a poem which created such
+    a sensation in the author's country. To us it seems by no means
+    the best of Poe's productions; we much prefer, for instance,
+    this touching allegory, which was originally embodied in one of
+    his wildest tales, <i>The Haunted Palace</i>. In the very same
+    volume with this are some verses that Poe wrote when a boy, and
+    some that a boy might be ashamed of writing. Indeed the secret
+    of rejection seems to be little known to Transatlantic bards.
+    The rigidness of self-criticism which led Tennyson to ignore
+    and annihilate, so far as in him lay, full one half of his
+    earlier productions, would hardly be understood by them. This
+    is particularly unlucky in the case of Poe, whose rhymes
+    sometimes run fairly away with him, till no purpose or meaning
+    is traceable amid a jingle of uncommon and fine-sounding
+    words....</p>
+
+    <p>"Though Poe was a Southerner, his poetry has nothing in it
+    suggestive of his peculiar locality. It is somewhat remarkable
+    that the slave-holding, which has tried almost all other means
+    of excusing or justifying itself before the world, did not
+    think of 'keeping a poet,' and engaging the destitute author
+    from its own territory to sing the praises of 'the patriarchal
+    institution.' And it would have been a fair provocation that
+    the Abolitionists had their poet already. Indeed several of the
+    northern poets have touched upon this subject; Longfellow, in
+    particular, has published a series of spirited and touching
+    anti-slavery poems; but the man who has made it his
+    <i>specialité</i> is JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER, a Quaker,
+    literary editor of the <i>National Era</i>, an Abolition and
+    ultra-Radical paper, which, in manful despite of Judge Lynch,
+    is published at Washington, between the slave-pens and the
+    capitol. His verses are certainly obnoxious to the jurisdiction
+    of that notorious popular potentate, being unquestionably
+    'inflammatory, incendiary, and insurrectionary,' as the
+    Southern formula goes, in a very high degree. He makes
+    passionate appeals to the Puritan spirit of New England, and
+    calls on her sons to utter their voice,</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>... From all her wild green mountains,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">From valleys where her slumbering fathers
+            lie,</p>
+
+            <p>From her blue rivers and her welling fountains,</p>
+
+            <p class="i6">And clear cold sky&mdash;</p>
+
+            <p>From her rough coast, and isles, which hungry
+            Ocean</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Gnaws with his surges&mdash;from the
+            fisher's skiff,</p>
+
+            <p>With white sails swaying to the billow's motion</p>
+
+            <p class="i6">Round rock and cliff&mdash;</p>
+
+            <p>From the free fireside of her unbought farmer,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">From her free laborer at his loom and
+            wheel.</p>
+
+            <p>From the brown smithy where, beneath the hammer,</p>
+
+            <p class="i6">Rings the red steel&mdash;</p>
+
+            <p>From each and all, if God hath not forsaken</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Our land and left us to an evil
+            choice;&mdash;</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>"and protest against the shocking anomaly of slavery in a
+    free country. At times, when deploring the death of some fellow
+    laborer in the cause, he falls into a somewhat subdued strain,
+    though even then there is more of spirit and fire in his verses
+    than one naturally expects from a follower of George Fox; but
+    on such occasions he displays a more careful and harmonious
+    versification than is his wont. There is no scarcity of these
+    elegies in his little volume, the <i>Abolitionists</i>, even
+    when they escape the attentions of the high legal functionary
+    already alluded to, not being apparently a long-lived
+    class.</p>
+
+    <p>"<i>Toujours perdrix</i> palls in poetry as in cookery; we
+    grow tired after awhile of invectives against governors of
+    slave-states and mercenary persons, and dirges for untimely
+    perished Abolitionists. The wish suggests itself that Whittier
+    would not always</p>
+
+    <blockquote>
+        <p>'Give up to a party what is meant for mankind,'</p>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>but sometimes turn his powers in another direction.
+    Accordingly, it is a great relief to find him occasionally
+    trying his hand on the early legends of New England and Canada,
+    which do not suffer such ballads as <i>St. John</i>....</p>
+
+    <p>"Whittier is less known than several other Western bards to
+    the English reader, and we think him entitled to stand higher
+    on the American Parnassus than most of his countrymen would
+    place him. His faults&mdash;harshness and want of
+    polish&mdash;are evident; but there is more life, and spirit,
+    and soul in his verses, than in those of eight-ninths of Mr.
+    Griswold's immortal ninety.</p>
+
+    <p>"From political verse (for the anti-slavery agitation must
+    be considered quite as much a political as a moral warfare) the
+    transition is natural to satire and humorous poetry. Here we
+    find no lack of matter, but a grievous short-coming in quality.
+    The Americans are no contemptible humorists in prose, but their
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page169"
+       id="page169"></a>[pg 169]</span> fun cannot be set to verse.
+       They are very fond of writing parodies, yet we have scarcely
+       ever seen a good parody of American origin. And their satire
+       is generally more distinguished for personality and
+       buffoonery than wit. Halleck's <i>Fanny</i> looks as if it
+       might be good, did we only know something of the people
+       satirized in it. The reputed comic poet of the country at
+       present is OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, a physician. Whether it
+       was owing to the disappointment caused by hearing too much
+       in his praise beforehand we will not pretend to say, but it
+       certainly did seem to us that Dr. Holmes' efforts in this
+       line must originally have been intended to act upon his
+       patients emetically. After a conscientious perusal of the
+       doctor, the most readable, and about the only presentable
+       thing we can find in him, is the bit of seriocomic entitled
+       <i>The Last Leaf</i>.</p>
+
+    <p>"But within the last three years there has arisen in the
+    United States a satirist of genuine excellence, who, however,
+    besides being but moderately appreciated by his countrymen,
+    seems himself in a great measure to have mistaken his real
+    forte. JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL, one of the Boston coterie, has for
+    some time been publishing verses, which are by the coterie duly
+    glorified, but which are in no respect distinguishable from the
+    ordinary level of American poetry, except that they combine an
+    extraordinary pretension to originality, with a more than
+    usually palpable imitation of English models. Indeed, the
+    failure was so manifest, that the American literati seem, in
+    this one case, to have rebelled against Boston dictation, and
+    there is sufficient internal evidence that such of them as do
+    duty for critics handled Mr. Lowell pretty severely. Violently
+    piqued at this, and simultaneously conceiving a disgust for the
+    Mexican war, he was impelled by both feelings to take the field
+    as a satirist: to the former we owe the <i>Fable for
+    Critics</i>; to the latter, the <i>Biglow Papers</i>. It was a
+    happy move, for he has the rare faculty of writing <i>clever
+    doggerel</i>. Take out the best of <i>Ingoldsby</i>, Campbell's
+    rare piece of fun <i>The Friars of Dijon</i>, and perhaps a
+    little of Walsh's <i>Aristophanes</i>, and there is no
+    contemporary verse of the class with which Lowell's may not
+    fearlessly stand a comparison; for, observe, we are not
+    speaking of mock heroics like Bon Gaultier's, which are only a
+    species of parody, but of real doggerel, the Rabelaisque of
+    poetry. The <i>Fable</i> is somewhat on the Ingoldsby
+    model,&mdash;that is to say, a good part of its fun consists in
+    queer rhymes, double, treble, or poly-syllabic; and it has even
+    Barham's fault&mdash;an occasional over-consciousness of
+    effort, and calling on the reader to admire, as if the <i>tour
+    de force</i> could not speak for itself. But <i>Ingoldsby's</i>
+    rhymes will not give us a just idea of the <i>Fable</i> until
+    we superadd Hook's puns; for the fabulist has a pleasant knack
+    of making puns&mdash;outrageous and unhesitating
+    ones&mdash;exactly of the kind to set off the general style of
+    his verse. The sternest critic could hardly help relaxing over
+    such a bundle of them as are contained in Apollo's lament over
+    the 'treeification' of his Daphne.... The <i>Fable</i> is a
+    sort of review in verse of American poets. Much of the Boston
+    leaven runs through it; the wise men of the East are all
+    glorified intensely, while Bryant and Halleck are studiously
+    depreciated. But though thus freely exercising his own critical
+    powers in verse, the author is most bitter against all critics
+    in prose, and gives us a ludicrous picture of one&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>A terrible fellow to meet in society,</p>
+
+            <p>Not the toast that he buttered was ever so dry at
+            tea.</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>And this gentleman is finely shown up for his condemnatory
+    predilections and inability to discern or appreciate beauties.
+    The cream of the joke against him is, that being sent by Apollo
+    to choose a lily in a flower-garden, he brings back a thistle
+    as all he could find. The picture is a humorous one, but we are
+    at a loss to conjecture who can have sat for it in America,
+    where the tendency is all the other way, reviewers being apt to
+    apply the butter of adulation with the knife of profusion to
+    every man, woman, or child who rushes into print. Some of his
+    complaints, too, against the critic sound very odd; as, for
+    instance, that</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>His lore was engraft, something foreign that grew in
+            him.</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p>Surely the very meaning of <i>learning</i> is that it is
+    something which a man learns&mdash;<i>acquires</i> from other
+    sources&mdash;does not originate in himself. But it is a
+    favorite practice with Mr. Lowell's set to rail against dry
+    learning and pedants, while at the same time there are no men
+    more fond of showing off cheap learning than themselves: Lowell
+    himself never loses an opportunity of bringing in a bit of
+    Greek or Latin. Our readers must have known such
+    persons&mdash;for, unfortunately, the United States has no
+    monopoly of them&mdash;men who delight in quoting Latin before
+    ladies, talking Penny-Magazine science in the hearing of
+    clodhoppers, and preaching of high art to youths who have never
+    had the chance of seeing any art at all. <i>Then</i> you will
+    hear them say nothing about pedantry. But let a man be present
+    who knows more Greek than they do, or who has a higher standard
+    of poetry or painting or music, and wo be to him! Him they will
+    persecute to the uttermost. What is to be done with such men
+    but to treat them <i>ŕ la</i> Shandon, 'Give them Burton's
+    <i>Anatomy</i>, and leave them to their own abominable
+    devices?'</p>
+
+    <p>"The <i>Biglow Papers</i> are imaginary epistles from a New
+    England farmer, and contain some of the best specimens extant
+    of the 'Yankee,' or New England dialect,&mdash;better than
+    Haliburton's, for Sam Slick sometimes mixes Southern, Western,
+    and even English vulgarities with his Yankee. Mr. Biglow's
+    remarks treat chiefly of the Mexican war, and subjects
+    immediately connected with it, such as slavery, truckling of
+    Northerners to the south, &amp;c. The theme is treated in
+    various ways with uniform bitterness. Now
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page170"
+       id="page170"></a>[pg 170]</span> he sketches a 'Pious
+       Editors Creed,' almost too daring in its Scriptural
+       allusions, but terribly severe upon the venal fraternity. At
+       another time he sets one of Calhoun's pro-slavery speeches
+       to music. The remarks of the great Nullifier form the air of
+       the song, and the incidental remarks of honorable senators
+       on the same side make up a rich chorus, their names
+       supplying happy tags to the rhymes. But best of all are the
+       letters of his friend the returned volunteer, Mr.
+       Birdofredom Sawin, who draws a sad picture of the private
+       soldier's life in Mexico. He had gone out with hopes of
+       making his fortune. But he was sadly disappointed and
+       equally so in his expectations of glory, which 'never got so
+       low down as the privates.'</p>
+
+    <p>"But it is time to bring this notice to a close not,
+    however, that we have by any means exhausted the subject. For
+    have we not already stated that there are, at the lowest
+    calculation, ninety American poets, spreading all over the
+    alphabet, from Allston, who is unfortunately dead, to Willis,
+    who is fortunately living, and writing <i>Court Journals</i>
+    for the 'Upper Ten Thousand,' as he has named the
+    quasi-aristocracy of New York? And the lady-poets&mdash;the
+    poetesses, what shall we say of them? Truly it would be
+    ungallant to say anything ill of them, and invidious to single
+    out a few among so many; therefore, it will be best for us to
+    say&mdash;nothing at all about any of them."</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h2>Original Poetry.</h2>
+
+    <h3>A RETROSPECT.</h3>
+
+    <h4>BY HERMANN.</h4>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>On this rustic footbridge sitting,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">I have passed delightful eyes,</p>
+
+            <p>Moonbeams round about me flitting</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Through the overhanging leaves.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>With me often came another,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">When the west wore hues of gold,</p>
+
+            <p>And 'twas neither sister&mdash;brother&mdash;</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">One the heart may dearer hold.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>She was fair and lightly moulded,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Azure eyed and full of grace;</p>
+
+            <p>Gentler form was never folded</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">In a lover's warm embrace.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>Oh those hours of sacred converse,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Their communion now is o'er</p>
+
+            <p>And our straying feet shall traverse</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Those remembered paths no more.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>Hours they were of love and gladness,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Fraught with holy vows of truth:</p>
+
+            <p>Not a single thought of sadness</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Shadowing o'er the hopes of youth.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>I am sitting sad and lonely</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Where she often sat with me,</p>
+
+            <p>And the voice I hear is only</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Of the silvery streamlet's glee.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>Where is she, whose gentle fingers,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Oft were wreathed amidst my hair?</p>
+
+            <p>Still methinks their pressure lingers,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">But, ah no! they are not there.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>They are whiter now than ever,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">In a light I know not of,</p>
+
+            <p>Sweeping o'er the chords of silver</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">To a song of joy and love.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>Though so lonely I am sitting,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">This sweet thought of joy may bring,</p>
+
+            <p>That she still is round me flitting,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">On an angel's tireless wing.</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>THE AUTHOR OF "ION."</h3>
+
+    <p>"Mr. Talfourd is now a Justice, and we find in the London
+    journals an account of a visit to his residence by a deputation
+    from his native town, to present to him a silver candelabrum,
+    subscribed for by a large number of the inhabitants of the
+    borough, of all parties. The base of the candelabrum is a
+    tripod, on which stands a group of three female figures;
+    representing Law, Justice, and Poetry, the two former modeled
+    from Flaxman's sculpture on Lord Mansfield's monument in
+    Westminster Abbey, the latter from a drawing of the Greek
+    Antique, bearing a scroll inscribed with the word "Ion" in
+    Greek characters. The arms of Mr. Talfourd and of the borough
+    of Reading are engraved on the base. The testimonial was
+    presented to the Justice in the presence of his family,
+    including the venerable Mrs. Talfourd, his mother, and a large
+    circle of private friends. In answer to the gentleman who
+    presented the testimonial, Mr. Talfourd replied:</p>
+
+    <p>"If I felt that the circumstances of this hour, and the
+    eloquent kindness which has enriched it, appealed for a
+    response only to personal qualities, I should be too conscious
+    of the poverty of such materials for an answer to attempt one;
+    but the associations they suggest expand into wider circles
+    than self impels, and while they teach me that this occasion is
+    not for the indulgence of vanity, but for the cultivation of
+    humble thankfulness, they impart a nobler significance to your
+    splendid gift and to your delightful praise. They remind me
+    that my intellectual being has, from its first development,
+    been nurtured by the partiality of those whom, living and dead,
+    you virtually represent to-day; they concentrate the
+    wide-spread instances of that peculiar felicity in my lot
+    whereby I have been privileged to find aid, comfort,
+    inspiration, and allowance in that local community amidst which
+    my life began; and they invite me, from that position which
+    once bounded my furthest horizon of personal hope, to live
+    along the line of past existence; to recognize the same
+    influence everywhere pervading it: and to perceive how its
+    struggles have been assisted; its errors softened down or
+    vailed, and its successes enhanced, by the constant presence of
+    home-born regards. Embracing in a rapid glance the events of
+    many years, I call to mind how at an early age&mdash;earlier
+    than is generally safe or happy for youths&mdash;the incidents
+    of life, supplying an unusual stimulus to ordinary powers, gave
+    vividness to those dreams of human excellence and progress
+    which, at some time, visit all; how by the weakness which
+    precluded them from assuming those independent shapes which
+    require the plastic force of higher powers, they became
+    associated with the scenes among which they were cherished, and
+    clove to them with earnest grasp; and how the fervid
+    expressions which that combination prompted, were accepted by
+    generous friends as indicating faculties 'beyond the reaches of
+    my soul,' and <span class="pagenum"><a name="page171"
+       id="page171"></a>[pg 171]</span> induced them to encourage
+       me by genial prophecies which, with unwearied purpose, they
+       endeavored to fulfill. I renew that golden season when such
+       vague aspirations were at once cherished and directed by the
+       Christian wisdom of the venerated master of Reading
+       School&mdash;who, during his fifty years of authority, made
+       the name of our town a household word to successive
+       generations of scholars, who honored him in all parts of the
+       world, and all departments of society&mdash;whose long life
+       was one embodied charity&mdash;and who gave steadiness and
+       object to those impulses in me which else might have ended,
+       as they began, in dreams. I remember, when pausing on the
+       slippery threshold of active life, and looking abroad on the
+       desolate future, how the earnestness of my friends gave me
+       courage, and emboldened me, with no patrons but themselves,
+       to enter the profession of my choice by its most dim and
+       laborious avenue, and to brace myself for four years of
+       arduous pupilage; how they crowded with pleasures the
+       intervals of holiday I annually enjoyed among them during
+       that period, and another of equal length passed in a special
+       pleader's anxieties and toils; how they greeted with praise,
+       sweeter than the applause of multitudes to him who wins it,
+       the slender literary effusions by which I supplied the
+       deficiency of professional income; and how, when I dared the
+       hazard of the bar, they provided for me opportunities such
+       as riper scholars and other advocates wait long for, by
+       confiding important matters to my untried hands; how they
+       encircled my first tremulous efforts by an atmosphere of
+       affectionate interest, roused my faint heart to exertion,
+       absorbed the fever that hung upon its beatings, and
+       strengthened my first perceptions of capacity to make my
+       thoughts and impressions intelligible, on the instant, to
+       the minds of courts and juries. The impulse thus given to my
+       professional success at Reading, and in the sessions of
+       Berkshire during twelve years, gradually extended its
+       influence through my circuit, until it raised me to a
+       position among its members beyond my deserts and equal to my
+       wishes. Another opening of fortune soon dawned on me; in the
+       maturity of life I aspired to a seat in
+       parliament&mdash;rather let me say, to <i>that</i> seat
+       which only I coveted&mdash;and then, almost without
+       solicitation, from many surviving patrons of my childhood,
+       and from the sons of others who inherited the kindness of
+       their fathers, I received an honor more precious to me as
+       the token of concentrated regards than as the means of
+       advancement; yet greatly heightened in practical importance
+       by the testimony it implied from the best of all witnesses.
+       That honor, three times renewed, was attended by passages of
+       excitement which look dizzy even in the distance&mdash;with
+       much on my part requiring allowance, and much allowance
+       rendered by those to whom my utmost services were due; with
+       the painful consciousness of wide difference of opinion
+       between some of my oldest friends and myself, and with
+       painful contests which those differences rendered
+       inevitable, yet cheered by attachments which the vivid
+       lights struck out in the conflict of contending passions
+       exhibited in scatheless strength, until I received that
+       appointment which dissolved the parliamentary connection,
+       and with it annihilated all the opposition of feeling which
+       had sometimes saddened it, and invested the close of my life
+       with the old regard, as unclouded by controversy as when it
+       illumined its opening. And now the expressions of your
+       sympathy await me, when, by the gracious providence of God,
+       I have been permitted to enter on a course of less fervid
+       action, of serener thought, of plainer duty. For me
+       political animosities are forever hushed and absorbed in one
+       desire, which I share with you all, for the happiness and
+       honor of our country, and the peaceful advancement of our
+       species; and all the feverish excitements and perils of
+       advocacy, its ardent partisanship with various interests,
+       anxieties, and passions, are displaced by the office of
+       seeking to discover truth and to maintain justice. I am no
+       longer incited to aspire to public favor, even under your
+       auspices: my course is marked right onward&mdash;to be
+       steadily trodden, whether its duties may accord with the
+       prevalent feeling of the hour, or may oppose the temporary
+       injustice of its generous errors: but it is not forbidden me
+       to prize the esteem of those who have known me longest and
+       best, and to indulge the hope that I may retain it to the
+       last. To encourage me in the aim still to deserve that
+       esteem, I shall look on this gift of those numbers of my
+       townsmen whose regards have just found such cordial
+       expression. I shall cherish it as a memorial of earliest
+       hopes that gleam out from the depth of years; as a memorial
+       of a thousand incentives to virtuous endeavor, of sacred
+       trusts, of delighted solaces; as a memorial of affections
+       which have invested a being, frail, sensitive, and weak,
+       with strength not its own, and under God, have insured for
+       it an honorable destiny; as a memorial of this hour, when,
+       in the presence of those who are nearest and dearest to me
+       on earth, my course has been pictured in the light of those
+       friendships which have gladdened it&mdash;an hour of which
+       the memory and the influence will not pass away, but, I
+       fondly trust, will incite those who will bear my name after
+       me, and to whose charge this gift will be confided when I
+       shall cease to behold it, better to deserve, though they
+       cannot more dearly appreciate, such a succession of
+       kindnesses as that to which the crowning grace is now added,
+       and for which, with my whole heart, I thank you."</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>Cultivate and exercise a serene faith, and you shall acquire
+    wonderful power and insight; its results are sure and
+    illimitable, moulding and moving to its purposes equally
+    spirit, mind, and matter. It is the power-endowing essential of
+    all action.</p>
+    <hr />
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page172"
+       id="page172"></a>[pg 172]</span>
+
+    <h2>Recent Deaths.</h2>
+
+    <p>Under this head we have rarely to present so many articles
+    as are demanded by the foreign journals received during the
+    week, and by the melancholy disaster which caused the death of
+    the MARCHESA D'OSSOLI, with her husband, and Mr. SUMNER. Of
+    MARGARET FULLER D'OSSOLI a sketch is given in the preceding
+    pages, and we reserve for our next number an article upon the
+    history of Sir ROBERT PEEL. The death of this illustrious
+    person has caused a profound sensation not only in Great
+    Britain, but throughout Europe. In the House of Lords, most
+    eloquent and impressive speeches upon the exalted character of
+    the deceased, and the irreparable loss of the country, were
+    delivered by the Marquis of Lansdowne, Lord Stanley, Lord
+    Brougham, the Duke of Wellington, and the Duke of Cleveland,
+    and in the House of Commons, by Lord John Russell, and Messrs.
+    Hume, Gladstone, Goulburn, Herries, Napier, Inglis and
+    Somervile. The House, in testimony of its grief, adjourned
+    without business, an act without precedent, except in case of
+    death in the royal family. A noble tribute of respect was also
+    paid by the French Assembly to the memory of Sir Robert Peel.
+    The President, M. Dupin, pronounced an affecting eulogy upon
+    the deceased, which was received with the liveliest sympathy by
+    the Chamber, and was ordered to be recorded in its journal. A
+    compliment like this is totally unprecedented in France, and
+    the death of no other foreigner in the world could have
+    elicited it.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>BOYER, EX-PRESIDENT OF HAYTI.</h3>
+
+    <p>Jean Pierre Boyer, a mulatto, distinguished in affairs, and
+    for his abilities and justice, was born at Port-au-Prince, on
+    the 6th of February, 1776. His father, by some said to have
+    been of mixed blood, was a tailor and shopkeeper, of fair
+    reputation and some property, and his mother a negress from
+    Congo in Africa, who had been a slave in the neighborhood. He
+    joined the French Commissioners, Santhonax and Polverel, in
+    whose company, after the arrival of the English, he withdrew to
+    Jacqemel. Here he attached himself to Rigaud, set out with him
+    to France, and was captured on his passage by the Americans,
+    during the war between France and the United States. Being
+    released at the end of the war, he proceeded to Paris, where he
+    remained until the organization of Le Clerc's expedition
+    against St. Domingo. This expedition he with many other persons
+    of color joined; but on the death of Le Clerc he attached
+    himself to the party of Petion, with whom he acted during the
+    remainder of that chieftain's life, which terminated on the
+    29th of March, 1818. Under Petion he rose from the post of
+    aid-de-camp and private secretary to be general of the
+    arrondissement of Port-au-Prince; and Petion named him for the
+    succession in the Presidency, to which he was inducted without
+    opposition. When the revolution broke out in the northern part
+    of the island, in 1820, Boyer was invited by the insurgents to
+    place himself at their head; and on the death of Christophe,
+    the northern and southern parts of the island were united under
+    his administration into one government, under the style of the
+    Republic of Hayti. In the following year the Spanish
+    inhabitants of the eastern part of the island voluntarily
+    placed themselves under the government of Boyer, who thus
+    became, chiefly by the force of character, without much
+    positive effort, the undisputed master of all St. Domingo.</p>
+
+    <p>It is not questionable that the productions and general
+    prosperity of the island decreased under Boyer's
+    administration. The blacks needed the stringent policy of some
+    such tyrant as Christophe. And the popularity of Boyer was
+    greatly lessened by his approval or direct negotiation of a
+    treaty with France, by which he agreed to pay to that country
+    an indemnity of 150,000,000 of francs, in five annual
+    instalments. The French Government recognized the independence
+    of Hayti, but it was impossible for Boyer to meet his
+    engagements. He however conducted the administration with
+    industry, discretion, and repose, for fifteen years, when a
+    long-slumbering opposition, for his presumed preference of the
+    mulatto to the black population in the dispensations of
+    government favor, began to exhibit itself openly. When this
+    feeling was manifested in the second chamber of the
+    Legislature, in 1843, the promptness and decision with which he
+    attempted to suppress it, induced an insurrection among the
+    troops, and he was compelled to fly, with about thirty
+    followers, to Jamaica. He afterward proceeded to London, and
+    finally to Paris, where he lived quietly in the Rue de
+    Madeline, enjoying the respect of many eminent men, and
+    surrounded by attached followers who shared his exile, until
+    the 10th of July. On the 12th he was buried with appropriate
+    funeral honors.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>THE DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE.</h3>
+
+    <p>The death of the Duke of Cambridge, brother of the late
+    William IV., occurred the 8th of July, and was quite sudden. He
+    was the seventh son of George III., was born in 1774, received
+    his earliest education at Kew, and finished his studies at
+    Gottingen. He entered the army, and experiencing much active
+    service, was promoted, until in 1813 he attained the
+    distinction of Field Marshal. He soon afterward became
+    Governor-General of Hanover, and continued to fill that post
+    until the accession of the Duke of Cumberland, in 1839. His
+    subsequent life presented few features of much interest. His
+    name was to be found as a patron and a contributor to many most
+    valuable institutions, and he took delight in presiding at
+    benevolent festivals and anniversary dinners, when, though
+    without the slightest pretension to
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page173"
+       id="page173"></a>[pg 173]</span> eloquence, the frankness
+       and <i>bonhommie</i> of his manners, and his simple
+       straight-forward earnestness of speech, used to make him an
+       universal favorite. He took but little part in the active
+       strife of parties. He died in his seventy-seventh year,
+       leaving one son, Prince George of Cambridge, and two
+       daughters.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>GEORGE W. ERVING.</h3>
+
+    <p>This distinguished public man died in New York, on the 22d
+    ult. A correspondent of the <i>Evening Post</i> gives the
+    following account of his history:</p>
+
+    <p>"The journals furnish us with a brief notice of the death of
+    the venerable George W. Erving, who was for so many years,
+    dating from the foundation of our government, connected with
+    the diplomatic history of the country, as an able, successful
+    and distinguished negotiator. The career of this gentleman has
+    been so marked, and is so instructive, that it becomes not less
+    a labor of love than an act of public duty, with the press, to
+    make it the occasion of comment. At the breaking out of our
+    revolution, the father of the subject of this imperfect sketch
+    was an eminent loyalist of Massachusetts, residing in Boston,
+    connected by affinity with the Shirleys, the Winslows, the
+    Bowdons, and Winthrops of that State. Like many other men of
+    wealth, at that day, he joined the royal cause, forsook his
+    country and went to England. There his son, George William, who
+    had always been a sickly delicate child, reared with
+    difficulty, was educated, and finally graduated at Oxford,
+    where he was a classmate of Copley, now Lord Lyndhurst.
+    Following this, on the attainment of his majority, and during
+    the lifetime of his father, notwithstanding the most powerful
+    and seductive efforts to attach him to the side of Great
+    Britain, the more persevering from the great wealth, and the
+    intellectual attainments of the young
+    American&mdash;notwithstanding the importunities of misjudging
+    friends and relatives, the incitements found in ties of
+    consanguinity with some, and his intimate personal associations
+    with many of the young nobility at that aristocratic seat of
+    learning, and notwithstanding the blandishments of fashionable
+    society&mdash;the love of country and the holy inspirations of
+    patriotism, triumphed over all the arts that power could
+    control, and those allurements usually so potent where youth is
+    endowed with great wealth. The young patriot promptly,
+    cheerfully, sacrificed all, for his country&mdash;turned his
+    back upon the unnatural stepmother, and came back, to share the
+    good or evil fortunes of his native land.</p>
+
+    <p>"Such facts as these should not be lost sight of at the
+    present day&mdash;such an example it is well to refer to now,
+    in the day of our prosperity. And we would ask&mdash;in no
+    ill-natured or censorious spirit, but rather that the lessons
+    of history should not be forgotten&mdash;how many young men of
+    these days under like circumstances, would make a similar
+    sacrifice upon the altar of their country? The solemn and
+    impressive event which has produced this notice seems to render
+    this question not entirely inappropriate; for years should not
+    dim in the minds of the rising generation the memory of those
+    pure and strong men, who, in the early trials of their country,
+    rose equal to the occasion. When, at a later period, political
+    parties began to develop themselves, Mr. Erving, then a
+    resident of Boston, identified himself with the great
+    republican party, and became actively instrumental in securing
+    the election of Thomas Jefferson to the Presidency. From that
+    time forward until the day of his death, he never faltered in
+    his political faith.</p>
+
+    <p>"Few men have been, for so long a period, so intimately
+    connected with the diplomatic history of our country. He
+    received his first public appointment, as Consul and
+    Commissioner of Claims at London, nearly half a century since.
+    This appointment was conferred upon him without his
+    solicitation, and was at first declined. Subsequent reflection,
+    however, induced him to waive all private and personal
+    considerations, and he accepted the post assigned to him. The
+    manner in which he discharged the duties of that trust,
+    impressed the government with the expediency of securing his
+    services in more important negotiations, and he was sent as
+    Commissioner and Charge d'Affaires to Denmark. His mission to
+    the court of that country was, at that period, a highly
+    important one. The negotiations he had to conduct there,
+    required great tact and ability.</p>
+
+    <p>"While at Copenhagen, he secured, in an eminent degree, the
+    esteem and confidence of the Danish authorities, and brought to
+    a successful solution the questions then arising out of the
+    interests committed to him. In consequence, the government was
+    enabled to avail itself of his experience at the Court of
+    Berlin, where events seemed to require the exercise of great
+    diplomatic ability. He was afterward appointed to Madrid,
+    where, by his highly honorable personal character, and
+    captivating manners, he obtained great influence, even at that
+    most proud and distrustful court, and conducted, with
+    consummate skill and marked success, the important and delicate
+    negotiations then pending between the United States and Spain.
+    He remained at Madrid for many years, where he attained the
+    reputation of being one of the most able and accomplished
+    diplomatists that the United States had ever sent abroad. Upon
+    his final retirement from this post, and, in fact, from all
+    public employment, the administration of General Jackson sought
+    to secure his services in the mission to Constantinople, but
+    the proffered appointment was declined.</p>
+
+    <p>"There are many interesting incidents in his public and
+    diplomatic career, which a more extended notice would enable us
+    to detail. Indeed, we hope that so instructive a life as that
+    of Mr. Erving may hereafter find a fit historian. That
+    historian may not have to chronicle victories won upon the
+    battle <span class="pagenum"><a name="page174"
+       id="page174"></a>[pg 174]</span> field, but the civic
+       achievement he will have to record, if not so dazzling as
+       the former, will, at least, be as replete with evidences of
+       public usefulness.</p>
+
+    <p>"The latter years of his life were passed in Europe, chiefly
+    in Paris. The public agitations consequent upon the last French
+    revolution, need of quiet at his advanced age, and the
+    presentiment of approaching dissolution, induced him to return
+    home. Indeed it was meet that he should close his mortal career
+    in that country which he had so long and faithfully served, and
+    whose welfare and happiness had been the constant object of his
+    every earthly aspiration."</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>DR. JOHN BURNS.</h3>
+
+    <p>Among those who perished in the wreck of the <i>Orion</i>,
+    was Dr. John Burns, Professor of Surgery in the University of
+    Glasgow, aged about eighty years. Dr. Burns held a
+    distinguished place in the medical world, for at least half a
+    century, as an author and a teacher. He was a son of the Rev.
+    Dr. John Burns, for more than sixty years minister of the
+    Barony parish of Glasgow, who died about fourteen years ago, at
+    the age of ninety. He was originally intended to be a
+    manufacturer, and in his time the necessary training for this
+    business included a practical application to the loom. A
+    disease of the knee-joint unfitted him for becoming a weaver,
+    and he turned his attention to the medical profession, winch
+    the neighboring university afforded him easy and ample means of
+    studying. He early entered into business as a general
+    practitioner, but his ambition led him very soon to be an
+    instructor. In 1800, he published <i>Dissertations on
+    Inflammation</i>, which raised his name to a high position in
+    the literature of his profession. In 1807, he published a
+    kindred volume on Hemorrhage. In the mean time he had turned
+    his attention to lecturing, and he continued to give, for many
+    years, lectures on midwifery. His observations and experience
+    on this subject he offered to the world in <i>The Principles of
+    Midwifery</i>, a work which has run through twelve editions,
+    and been translated into several of the continental languages.
+    It is very elaborate and valuable, and as each succeeding
+    edition presented the result of the author's increasing
+    experience, it became a standard in every medical library. Its
+    chief defect is a want of clearness in the arrangement, and
+    sometimes in the language. In 1815, the crown instituted a
+    Professorship of Surgery in the Glasgow University, and the
+    Duke of Montrose, its chancellor, appointed to it Mr. Burns, a
+    choice which the voice of the profession generally approved.
+    The value of the professorship might average 500<i>l.</i>
+    yearly.</p>
+
+    <p>As a professor, Dr. Burns was highly popular. He had a
+    cheerful and attractive manner, and was fond of bringing in
+    anecdotes more or less applicable, but always enlivening. His
+    language was plain and clear, but not always correct or
+    elegant. In personal appearance, he was of the middle size, of
+    an anxious and careworn, but gentlemanly and intelligent,
+    expression of countenance. In 1830, he published <i>Principles
+    of Surgery</i>, first volume, which was followed by another.
+    This work is confused, both in style and arrangement, and has
+    been very little read, but it did credit to his zeal and
+    industry, for he had now acquired fame and fortune, and had
+    long had at his command the most extensive practice in the west
+    of Scotland. John Burns, the younger, had written and published
+    a work on the evidences and principles of Christianity, which
+    was extensively read, and went through many editions. His name
+    was not at first on the title-page, but that it was the
+    production of a medical man was obvious. He gave a copy to his
+    father, who shortly after said, "Ah, John, I wish <i>you</i>
+    could have written such a book!" Dr. Burns has many friends in
+    the United States, who were once his pupils. One of the most
+    eminent of them is Professor Pattison of the Medical Department
+    of the New York University, in this city.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h3>HORACE SUMNER.</h3>
+
+    <p>This gentleman, one of the victims of the lamentable wreck
+    of the Elizabeth, was the youngest son of the late Charles P.
+    Sumner, of Boston, for many years Sheriff of Suffolk county,
+    and the brother of George Sumner, Esq., of Boston, who is well
+    known for his legal and literary eminence throughout the
+    country. He was about twenty-four years of ago, and has been
+    abroad for nearly a year, traveling in the south of Europe for
+    the benefit of his health. The past winter was spent by him
+    chiefly in Florence, where he was on terms of familiar intimacy
+    with the Marquis and Marchioness d'Ossoli, and was induced to
+    take passage in the same vessel with them for his return to his
+    native land. He was a young man of singular modesty of
+    deportment, of an original turn of mind, and greatly endeared
+    to his friends by the sweetness of his disposition and the
+    purity of his character.&mdash;<i>Tribune</i>.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h2>The Fine Arts.</h2>
+
+    <p>POWERS'S STATUE OF CALHOUN.&mdash;An unfortunate fatality
+    appears to wait upon the works of Hiram Powers. It is but a few
+    weeks since his "Eve" was lost on the coast of Spain, and it is
+    still uncertain here whether that exquisite statue is preserved
+    without such injury as materially to affect its value. And his
+    masterpiece in history&mdash;perhaps his masterpiece in all
+    departments&mdash;the statue of Calhoun, which has been so
+    anxiously looked-for ever since the death of the great senator,
+    was buried under the waves in which Madame d'Ossoli and Horace
+    Sumner were lost, on the morning of the 19th, near Fire Island.
+    At the time this sheet is sent to press we are uncertain as to
+    the recovery of <span class="pagenum"><a name="page175"
+       id="page175"></a>[pg 175]</span> the statue, but we hope for
+       the sake of art and for the satisfaction of all the parties
+       interested, that it will still reach its destination. It is
+       insured in Charleston, and Mr. Kellogg, the friend and agent
+       of Mr. Powers, has been at the scene of the misfortune, with
+       all necessary means for its preservation, if that be
+       possible.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>HORACE VERNET, the great painter, has returned to Paris from
+    St. Petersburgh. Offensive reports were current respecting his
+    journey: he had been paid, it was alleged, in most princely
+    style by the Emperor, for his masterly efforts in translating
+    to canvas the principal incidents of the Hungarian and Polish
+    wars. He came back, it was declared, loaded and content, with a
+    hundred thousand dollars and a kiss&mdash;an actual
+    kiss&mdash;from his Imperial Majesty. M. Vernet has deemed it
+    necessary to publish a letter, correcting what was erroneous in
+    these reports. He says:&mdash;"In repairing to Russia I was
+    actuated by only one desire, and had but a single object, and
+    that was, to thank His Majesty, the Emperor, for the honors
+    with which he had already loaded me, and for the proofs of his
+    munificence which I had previously received. I intended to
+    bring back, and in fact have brought back from the journey,
+    nothing but the satisfaction of having performed an entirely
+    disinterested duty of respectful gratitude." It is true,
+    however, that he lent his powers to illustrate the triumph of
+    despotism, and if he brought back no gold the matter is not all
+    helped by that fact.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h2>Authors and Books.</h2>
+
+    <p>THE REV. JAMES H. PERKINS, of Cincinnati, whose suicide
+    during a fit of madness, several months ago, will be generally
+    recollected for the many expressions of profound regret which
+    it occasioned, we are pleased to learn, is to be the subject of
+    a biography by the Rev. W.H. Channing. Mr. Perkins was a man of
+    the finest capacities, and of large and genial scholarship. He
+    wrote much, in several departments, and almost always well. His
+    historical works, relating chiefly to the western States, have
+    been little read in this part of the Union; but his
+    contributions to the North American Review and the Christian
+    Examiner, and his tales, sketches, essays, and poems, printed
+    under various signatures, have entitled him to a desirable
+    reputation as a man of letters. These are all to be collected
+    and edited by Mr. Channing.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>Mrs. ESLING, better known as Miss Catherine H. Waterman,
+    under which name she wrote the popular and beautiful lyric,
+    "Brother, Come Home!" has in press a collection of her
+    writings, under the title of <i>The Broken Bracelet and other
+    Poems</i>, to be published by Lindsay &amp; Blackiston of
+    Philadelphia.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>M. ROSSEEUW ST. HILAIRE, of Paris, is proceeding with his
+    great work on the History of Spain with all the rapidity
+    consistent with the nature of the subject and the elaborate
+    studies it requires. The work was commenced ten years ago, and
+    has since been the main occupation of its author. The fifth
+    volume has just been published, and receives the applause of
+    the most competent critics. It includes the time from 1336 to
+    1492, which comes down to the very eve of the great discovery
+    of Columbus, and includes that most brilliant period, in
+    respect of which the history of Prescott has hitherto stood
+    alone, namely, the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella. M. St.
+    Hilaire has had access to many sources of information not
+    accessible to any former writer, and is said to have availed
+    himself of them with all the success that could be anticipated
+    from his rare faculty of historical analysis and the beautiful
+    transparency of his style.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>THE REV. ROBERT ARMITAGE, a rector in Shropshire, is the
+    author of "Dr. Hookwell," and "Dr. Johnson, his Religious Life
+    and his Death." In this last work, the <i>Quarterly Review</i>
+    observes, "Johnson's name is made the peg on which to hang
+    up&mdash;or rather the line on which to hang out&mdash;much
+    hackneyed sentimentality, and some borrowed learning, with an
+    awful and overpowering quantity of twaddle and rigmarole." The
+    writer concludes his reviewal: "We are sorry to have had to
+    make such an exposure of a man, who, apart from the morbid
+    excess of vanity which has evidently led him into this scrape,
+    may be, for aught we know, worthy and amiable. His exposure,
+    however, is on his own head: he has ostentatiously and
+    pertinaciously forced his ignorance, conceit, and effrontery on
+    public notice." We quite agree with the <i>Quarterly</i>.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>JOHN MILLS&mdash;"John St. Hugh Mills," it was written
+    then&mdash;was familiarly known in the printing offices of Ann
+    street in this city a dozen years ago; he assisted General
+    Morris in editing the Mirror, and wrote paragraphs of foreign
+    gossip for other journals. A good-natured aunt died in England,
+    leaving him a few thousand a year, and he returned to spend his
+    income upon a stud and pack and printing office, sending from
+    the latter two or three volumes of pleasant-enough mediocrity
+    every season. His last work, with the imprint of Colburn, is
+    called "Our Country."</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>Mr. PRESCOTT, the historian, who is now in England, has
+    received the degree of Doctor of Civil Law from the University
+    of Oxford. Two or three years ago he was elected into the
+    Institute of France.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>DR. MAGINN's "Homeric Ballads," which gave so much
+    attraction during several years to <i>Fraser's Magazine</i>,
+    have been collected and republished in a small octavo.</p>
+    <hr />
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page176"
+       id="page176"></a>[pg 176]</span>
+
+    <p>Mr. KENDALL, of the <i>Picayune</i>, has sailed once more
+    for Paris, to superintend there the completion of his great
+    work on the late war in Mexico upon which he has been engaged
+    for the last two years. The highest talent has been employed in
+    the embellishment of this book, and the care and expense
+    incurred may be estimated from the fact that sixty men,
+    coloring and preparing the plates, can finish only one hundred
+    and twenty copies in a month. The original sketches were taken
+    by a German, Carl Nebel, who accompanied Mr. Kendall in Mexico,
+    and drew his battle scenes at the very time of their
+    occurrence. He has engaged in the prosecution of the whole
+    enterprise with as much zeal and interest as Mr. Kendall
+    himself, and has spared no pains to procure the assistance of
+    the most skillful operatives. The book is folio in size, and
+    will be published early in the fall. The letter press has long
+    been finished, and only waiting for the completion of the
+    plates. These are twelve, and their subjects are Palo Alto, the
+    Capture of Monterey, Buena Vista: the Landing at Vera Cruz,
+    Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Cherubusco, Molino del Rey, two views
+    of the Storming of Chapultepec, and Gen. Scott's entrance into
+    the city of Mexico. The lithographs are said to be unsurpassed
+    in felicity of design, perfection of coloring, and in the
+    animation and expression of all the figures and groups. No such
+    finished specimens of colored lithography were ever exhibited
+    in this country. The plates will have unusual value, not only
+    on account of their intrinsic superiority, but because of their
+    rare historical merit, since they are exact delineations of the
+    topography of the scenes they represent and faithful
+    representations in every particular of the military positions
+    and movements at the moment chosen for illustration.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>MRS. TROLLOPPE is as busy as she has ever been since the
+    failure of her shop at Cincinnati&mdash;trading in fiction,
+    with the capital won by her first adventure in this way, "The
+    Domestic Manners of the Americans." Her last novel, which is
+    just out, has in its title the odor of her customary vulgarity;
+    it is called "Petticoat Government." Her son, Mr. A. Trolloppe,
+    his just given the world a new book also, "La Vendee" a
+    historical romance which is well spoken of.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>THE REV. DR. WILLIAM R. WILLIAMS, it will gratify the
+    friends of literature and religion to learn, has consented to
+    give to the press several works upon which he has for some time
+    been engaged. They will be published by Gould, Kendall &amp;
+    Lincoln, of Boston. In the next number of <i>The
+    International</i> we shall write more largely of this
+    subject.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>Dr. BUCKLAND, the Dean of Westminster&mdash;the eloquent and
+    the learned writer of the remarkable "Bridgewater Treatise" is
+    bereft of reason, and is now an inmate of an asylum near
+    Oxford.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>Dr. WAYLAND's "Tractate on Education," in which he proposes
+    a thorough reform in the modes of college instruction, has, we
+    are glad to see, had its desired effect. The Providence
+    <i>Journal</i> states that the entire subscription to the fund
+    of Brown University has reached $110,000, which is within
+    $15,000 of the sum originally proposed. The subscription having
+    advanced so far, and with good assurances of further aid, the
+    committee have reported to the President, that the success of
+    the plan, so far as the money is concerned, may be regarded as
+    assured, and that consequently it will be safe to go on with
+    the new organization as rapidly as may he deemed advisable. Of
+    the sum raised, about $96,000 have come from Providence. A
+    meeting of the Corporation of the University will soon be
+    called, when the entire plan will be decided upon, and carried
+    into effect as rapidly as so important a change can be made
+    with prudence.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>SIR JAMES EMERSON TENNANT has in the press of Mr. Murray a
+    work which will probably be read with much interest in this
+    country, upon Christianity in Ceylon, its introduction and
+    progress under the Portuguese, the Dutch, the British, and the
+    American missions, with a Historical View of the Brahminical
+    and Buddhist superstitions.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>CHARLES EAMES, formerly one of the editors of the Washington
+    <i>Union</i>, and more recently United States Commissioner to
+    the Sandwich Islands, is to be the orator of the societies of
+    Columbia College, at the commencement, on the evening of the
+    6th of October. Bayard Taylor will be the poet for the same
+    occasion.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>CHATEAUBRIAND'S MEMOIRS.&mdash;The eleventh and last volume
+    has just been published at Paris in the book form, and will
+    soon be completed in the <i>feuilletons</i>. An additional
+    volume is however to be brought out, under the title of
+    "Supplement to the Memoirs."</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>THE THIRD AND FOURTH SERIES of Southey's Common-Place Book
+    are in preparation, and they will be reprinted by the Harpers.
+    The third contains Analytical Readings, and the fourth,
+    Original Memoranda.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>WASHINGTON IRVING's Life of General Washington, in one
+    octavo volume, is announced by Murray. It will appear
+    simultaneously from the press of Putnam.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>MRS. JAMESON has in press Legends of the Monastic Orders, as
+    illustrated in art.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>Dr. ACHILLI is the subject of an article in the July number
+    of the <i>Dublin Review</i>&mdash;the leading Roman Catholic
+    journal in the English language. Of course the history of the
+    missionary is not presented in very flattering colors.</p>
+    <hr />
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page177"
+       id="page177"></a>[pg 177]</span>
+
+    <h4>[From Household Words.]</h4>
+
+    <h2>THE SERF OF POBEREZE.</h2>
+
+    <p>The materials for the following tale were furnished to the
+    writer while traveling last year near the spot on which the
+    events it narrates took place. It is intended to convey a
+    notion of some of the phases of Polish, or rather Russian
+    serfdom (for, as truly explained by one of the characters in a
+    succeeding page, it is Russian), and of the catastrophes it has
+    occasioned, not only in Catherine's time, but occasionally at
+    the present. The Polish nobles&mdash;themselves in
+    slavery&mdash;earnestly desire the emancipation of their serfs,
+    which Russian domination forbids.</p>
+
+    <p>The small town of Pobereze stands at the foot of a stony
+    mountain, watered by numerous springs in the district of
+    Podolia, in Poland. It consists of a mass of miserable Cabins,
+    with a Catholic chapel and two Greek churches in the midst, the
+    latter distinguished by their gilded towers. On one side of the
+    market-place stands the only inn, and on the opposite side are
+    several shops, from whose doors and windows look out several
+    dirtily dressed Jews. At a little distance, on a hill covered
+    with vines and fruit-trees, stands the Palace, which does not,
+    perhaps, exactly merit such an appellation, but who would dare
+    to call otherwise the dwelling of the lord of the domain?</p>
+
+    <p>On the morning when our tale opens, there had issued from
+    this palace the common enough command to the superintendent of
+    the estate, to furnish the master with a couple of strong boys,
+    for service in the stables, and a young girl to be employed in
+    the wardrobe. Accordingly, a number of the best-looking young
+    peasants of Olgogrod assembled in the avenue leading to the
+    palace. Some were accompanied by their sorrowful and weeping
+    parents, in all of whose hearts, however, rose the faint
+    whispered hope, "Perhaps it will not be <i>my</i> child they
+    will choose!"</p>
+
+    <p>Being brought into the court-yard of the palace, the Count
+    Roszynski, with the several members of his family, had come out
+    to pass in review his growing subjects. He was a small and
+    insignificant-looking man, about fifty years of age, with
+    deep-set eyes and overhanging brows. His wife, who was nearly
+    of the same age, was immensely stout, with a vulgar face and a
+    loud, disagreeable voice. She made herself ridiculous in
+    endeavoring to imitate the manners and bearing of the
+    aristocracy, into whose sphere she and her husband were
+    determined to force themselves, in spite of the humbleness of
+    their origin. The father of the "Right-Honorable" Count
+    Roszynski was a valet, who, having been a great favorite with
+    his master, amassed sufficient money to enable his son, who
+    inherited it, to purchase the extensive estate of Olgogrod, and
+    with it the sole proprietorship of 1600 human beings. Over them
+    he had complete control; and, when maddened by oppression, if
+    they dared resent, woe unto them! They could be thrust into a
+    noisome dungeon, and chained by one hand from the light of day
+    for years, until their very existence was forgotten by all
+    except the jailor who brought daily their pitcher of water and
+    morsel of dry bread.</p>
+
+    <p>Some of the old peasants say that Sava, father of the young
+    peasant girl, who stands by the side of an old woman, at the
+    head of her companions in the court-yard, is immured in one of
+    these subterranean jails. Sava was always about the Count, who,
+    it was said, had brought him from some distant land, with his
+    little motherless child. Sava placed her under the care of an
+    old man and woman, who had the charge of the bees in a forest
+    near the palace, where he came occasionally to visit her. But
+    once, six long months passed, and he did not come! In vain
+    Anielka wept, in vain she cried, "Where is my father?" No
+    father appeared. At last it was said that Sava had been sent to
+    a long distance with a large sum of money, and had been killed
+    by robbers. In the ninth year of one's life the most poignant
+    grief is quickly effaced, and after six months Anielka ceased
+    to grieve. The old people were very kind to her, and loved her
+    as if sue were their own child. That Anielka might be chosen to
+    serve in the palace never entered their head, for who would be
+    so barbarous as to take the child away from an old woman of
+    seventy and her aged husband?</p>
+
+    <p>To-day was the first time in her life that she had been so
+    far from home. She looked curiously on all she
+    saw,&mdash;particularly on a young lady about her own age,
+    beautifully dressed, and a youth of eighteen, who had
+    apparently just returned from a ride on horse-back, as he held
+    a whip in his hand, whilst walking up and down examining the
+    boys who were placed in a row before him. He chose two amongst
+    them, and the boys were led away to the stables.</p>
+
+    <p>"And I choose this young girl," said Constantia Roszynski,
+    indicating Anielka; "she is the prettiest of them all. I do not
+    like ugly faces about me."</p>
+
+    <p>When Constantia returned to the drawing-room, she gave
+    orders for Anielka to be taken to her apartments, and placed
+    under the tutelage of Mademoiselle Dufour, a French maid,
+    recently arrived from the first milliner's shop in Odessa. Poor
+    girl! when they separated her from her adopted mother, and
+    began leading her toward the palace, she rushed, with a shriek
+    of agony, from them, and grasped her old protectress tightly in
+    her arms! They were torn violently asunder, and the Count
+    Roszynski quietly asked, "Is it her daughter, or her
+    grand-daughter?"</p>
+
+    <p>"Neither, my lord,&mdash;only an adopted, child."</p>
+
+    <p>"But who will lead the old woman home, as she is blind?"</p>
+
+    <p>"I will, my lord," replied one of his servants, bowing to
+    the ground; "I will let her, walk by the side of my horse, and
+    when she <span class="pagenum"><a name="page178"
+       id="page178"></a>[pg 178]</span> is in her cabin she will
+       have her old husband,&mdash;they must take care of each
+       other."</p>
+
+    <p>So saying, he moved away with the rest of the peasants and
+    domestics. But the poor old woman had to be dragged along by
+    two men; for in the midst of her shrieks and tears she had
+    fallen to the ground, almost without life.</p>
+
+    <p>And Anielka? They did not allow her to weep long. She had
+    now to sit all day in the corner of a room to sew. She was
+    expected to do everything well from the first; and if she did
+    not, she was kept without food or cruelly punished. Morning and
+    evening she had to help Mdlle. Dufour to dress and undress her
+    mistress. But Constantia, although she looked with hauteur on
+    everybody beneath her, and expected to be slavishly obeyed, was
+    tolerably kind to the poor orphan. Her true torment began,
+    when, on laving her young lady's room, she had to assist Mdlle.
+    Dufour. Notwithstanding that she tried sincerely to do her
+    best, she was never able to satisfy her, or to draw from her
+    naught but harsh reproaches.</p>
+
+    <p>Thus two months passed.</p>
+
+    <p>One day Mdlle. Dufour went very early to confession, and
+    Anielka was seized with an eager longing to gaze once more in
+    peace and freedom on the beautiful blue sky and green trees, as
+    she used to do when the first rays of the rising sun streamed
+    in at the window of the little forest cabin. She ran into the
+    garden. Enchanted by the sight of so many beautiful flowers,
+    she went farther and farther along the smooth and winding
+    walks. till she entered the forest. She who had been, so long
+    away from her beloved trees, roamed where they were thickest.
+    Here she gazes boldly around. She sees no one! She is alone! A
+    little farther on she meets with a rivulet which flows through
+    the forest. Here she remembers that she has not yet prayed. She
+    kneels down, and with hands clasped and eyes upturned she
+    begins to sing in a sweet voice the Hymn to the virgin.</p>
+
+    <p>As she went on she sang louder and with increased fervor.
+    Her breast heaved with emotion, her eyes shone with unusual
+    brilliancy; but when the hymn was finished she lowered her
+    head, tears began to fall over her cheeks, until at last she
+    sobbed aloud. She might have remained long in this condition,
+    had not some one come behind her, saying, "Do not cry, my poor
+    girl; it is better to sing than to weep." The intruder raised
+    her head, wiped her eyes with his handkerchief, and kissed her
+    on the forehead.</p>
+
+    <p>It was the Count's son, Leon!</p>
+
+    <p>"You must not cry," he continued; "be calm, and when the
+    filipony (peddlers) come, buy yourself a pretty handkerchief."
+    He then gave her a ruble and walked away. Anielka, after
+    concealing the coin in her corset, ran quickly back to the
+    palace.</p>
+
+    <p>Fortunately, Mdlle. Dufour had not yet returned, and Anielka
+    seated herself in her accustomed corner. She often took out the
+    ruble to, gaze fondly upon it, and set to work to make a little
+    purse, which, having fastened to a ribbon, she hung round her
+    neck. She did not dream of spending it, for it would have
+    deeply grieved her to part with the gift of the only person in
+    the whole house who had looked kindly on her.</p>
+
+    <p>From this time Anielka remained always in her young
+    mistress's room; she was better dressed, and Mdlle. Dufour
+    ceased to persecute her. To what did she owe this sudden
+    change? Perhaps to a remonstrance from Leon. Constantia ordered
+    Anielka to sit beside her whilst taking her lessons from her
+    music masters, and on her going to the drawing-room, she was
+    left in her apartments alone. Being thus more kindly treated.
+    Anielka lost by degrees her timidity; and when her young
+    mistress, whilst occupied over some embroidery, would tell her
+    to sing, she did so boldly and with a steady voice. A greater
+    favor awaited her. Constantia, when unoccupied, began teaching
+    Anielka to read in Polish; and Mdlle. Dufour thought it politic
+    to follow the example of her mistress, and began to teach her
+    French.</p>
+
+    <p>Meanwhile, a new kind of torment commenced. Having easily
+    learnt the two languages, Anielka acquired an irresistible
+    passion for reading. Books had for her the charm of the
+    forbidden fruit, for she could only read by stealth at night,
+    or when her mistress went visiting in the neighborhood. The
+    kindness hitherto shown her for a time, began to relax. Leon
+    had set off on a tour, accompanied by his old tutor, and a
+    bosom friend, as young, as gay, and as thoughtless as
+    himself.</p>
+
+    <p>So passed the two years of Leon's absence. When he returned,
+    Anielka was seventeen, and had become tall and handsome. No one
+    who had not seen her during this time, would have recognized
+    her. Of this number was Leon. In the midst of perpetual gayety
+    and change, it was not possible he could have remembered a poor
+    peasant girl; but in Anielka's memory he had remained as a
+    superior being, as her benefactor, as the only one who had
+    spoken kindly to her, when poor, neglected, forlorn! When in
+    some French romance she met with a young man of twenty, of a
+    noble character and handsome appearance, she bestowed on him
+    the name of Leon. The recollection of the kiss be had given her
+    ever brought a burning blush to her cheek, and made her sigh
+    deeply.</p>
+
+    <p>One day Leon came to his sister's room. Anielka was there,
+    seated in a corner at work. Leon himself had considerably
+    changed; from a boy he had grown into a man. "I suppose,
+    Constantia," he said, "you have been told what a, good boy I
+    am, and with what docility I shall submit myself to the
+    matrimonial yoke, which the Count and Countess have provided
+    for me?" and he began whistling, and danced some steps of the
+    Mazurka.</p>
+
+    <p>"Perhaps you will be refused," said Constantia
+    coldly.</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page179"
+       id="page179"></a>[pg 179]</span>
+
+    <p>"Refused! Oh, no. The old Prince has already given his
+    consent, and as for his daughter, she is desperately in love
+    with me. Look at these moustachios; could anything be more
+    irresistible?" and he glanced in the glass and twirled them
+    round his fingers; then continuing in a graver tone, he said,
+    "To tell the sober truth, I cannot say that I reciprocate. My
+    intended is not at all to my taste. She is nearly thirty, and
+    so thin, that whenever I look at her, I am reminded of my old
+    tutor's anatomical sketches. But, thanks to her Parisian
+    dress-maker, she makes up a tolerably good figure, and looks
+    well in a Cachemere. Of all things, you know, I wished for a
+    wife with an imposing appearance, and I don't care about love.
+    I find it's not fashionable, and only exists in the exalted
+    imagination of poets."</p>
+
+    <p>"Surely people are in love with one another sometimes," said
+    the sister.</p>
+
+    <p>"Sometimes," repeated Anielka, inaudibly. The dialogue had
+    painfully affected her, and she knew not why. Her heart beat
+    quickly, and her face was flushed, and made her look more
+    lovely than ever.</p>
+
+    <p>"Perhaps. Of course we profess to adore every pretty woman,"
+    Leon added abruptly. "But, my dear sister, what a charming
+    ladies' maid you have!" He approached the corner, where Anielka
+    sat, and bent on her a coarse familiar smile. Anielka, although
+    a serf, was displeased, and returned it with a glance full of
+    dignity. But when her eyes rested on the youth's handsome face,
+    a feeling, which had been gradually and silently growing in her
+    young and inexperienced heart, predominated over her pride and
+    displeasure. She wished ardently to recall herself to Leon's
+    memory, and half unconsciously raised her hand to the little
+    purse which always hung round her neck. She took from it the
+    rouble he had given her.</p>
+
+    <p>"See!" shouted Leon, "what a droll girl; how proud she is of
+    her riches! Why, girl, you are a woman of fortune, mistress of
+    a whole rouble!"</p>
+
+    <p>"I hope she came by it honestly," said the old Countess, who
+    at this moment entered.</p>
+
+    <p>At this insinuation, shame and indignation kept Anielka, for
+    a time, silent. She replaced the money quickly in its purse,
+    with the bitter thought that the few happy moments which had
+    been so indelibly stamped upon her memory, had been utterly
+    forgotten by Leon. To clear herself, she at last stammered out,
+    seeing they all looked at her inquiringly, "Do you not
+    remember, M. Leon, that you gave me this coin two years ago in
+    the garden"?"</p>
+
+    <p>"How odd!" exclaimed Leon, laughing, "do you expect me to
+    remember all the pretty girls to whom I have given money? But I
+    suppose you are right, or you would not have treasured up this
+    unfortunate rouble as if it were a holy relic. You should not
+    be a miser, child; money is made to be spent."</p>
+
+    <p>"Pray put an end to these jokes," said Constantia
+    impatiently; "I like this girl, and I will not have her teased.
+    She understands my ways better than any one, and often puts me
+    in a good humor with her beautiful voice."</p>
+
+    <p>"Sing something for me pretty damsel," said Leon, "and I
+    will give you another rouble, a new and shining one."</p>
+
+    <p>"Sing instantly," said Constantia imperiously.</p>
+
+    <p>At this command Anielka could no longer stifle her grief;
+    she covered her face with her hands, and wept violently.</p>
+
+    <p>"Why do you cry?" asked her mistress impatiently; "I cannot
+    bear it; I desire you to do as you are bid."</p>
+
+    <p>It might have been from the constant habit of slavish
+    obedience, or a strong feeling of pride, but Anielka instantly
+    ceased weeping. There was a moment's pause, during which the
+    old Countess went grumbling out of the room. Anielka chose the
+    Hymn to the Virgin she had warbled in the garden, and as she
+    sung, she prayed fervently;&mdash;she prayed for peace, for
+    deliverance from the acute emotions which had been aroused
+    within her. Her earnestness gave an intensity of expression to
+    the melody, which affected her listeners. They were silent for
+    some moments after its conclusion. Leon walked up and down with
+    his arms folded on his breast. Was it agitated with pity for
+    the accomplished young slave? or by any other tender emotion?
+    What followed will show.</p>
+
+    <p>"My dear Constantia," he said, suddenly stopping before his
+    sister and kissing her hand, "will you do me a favor?"</p>
+
+    <p>Constantia looked inquiringly in her brother's face without
+    speaking.</p>
+
+    <p>"Give me this girl"</p>
+
+    <p>"Impossible!"</p>
+
+    <p>"I am quite in earnest," continued Leon, "I wish to offer
+    her to my future wife. In the Prince her father's private
+    chapel they are much in want of a solo soprano."</p>
+
+    <p>"I shall not give her to you," said Constantia."</p>
+
+    <p>"Not as a free gift, but in exchange. I will give you
+    instead a charming young negro&mdash;so black. The women in St.
+    Petersburgh and in Paris raved about him: but I was inexorable:
+    I half refused him to my princess."</p>
+
+    <p>"No, no," replied Constantia; "I shall be lonely without
+    this girl, I am so used to her."</p>
+
+    <p>"Nonsense! you can get peasant girls by the dozen; but a
+    black page, with teeth whiter than ivory, and purer than
+    pearls; a perfect original in his way; you surely cannot
+    withstand. You will kill half the province with envy. A negro
+    servant is the most fashionable thing going, and yours will be
+    the first imported into the province."</p>
+
+    <p>This argument was irresistible. "Well," replied Constantia,
+    "when do you think of taking her?"</p>
+
+    <p>"Immediately; to-day at five o'clock," said
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page180"
+       id="page180"></a>[pg 180]</span> Leon; and he went merrily
+       out of the room.</p>
+
+    <p>This then was the result of his cogitation&mdash;of
+    Anielka's Hymn to the Virgin. Constantia ordered Anielka to
+    prepare herself for the journey, with as little emotion as if
+    she had exchanged away a lap-dog, or parted with parrot.</p>
+
+    <p>She obeyed in silence. Her heart was full. She went into the
+    garden that she might relieve herself by weeping unseen. With
+    one hand supporting her burning head, and the other pressed
+    tightly against her heart, to stifle her sobs, she wandered on
+    mechanically till she found herself by the side of the river.
+    She felt quickly for her purse, intending to throw the rouble
+    into the water, but as quickly thrust it back again, for she
+    could not bear to part with the treasure. She felt as if
+    without it she would be still more an orphan. Weeping bitterly,
+    she leaned against the tree which had once before witnessed her
+    tears.</p>
+
+    <p>By degrees the stormy passion within her gave place to calm
+    reflection. This day she was to go away; she was to dwell
+    beneath another roof, to serve another mistress. Humiliation!
+    always humiliation! But at least it would be some change in her
+    life. As she thought of this, she returned hastily to the
+    palace that she might not, on the last day of her servitude,
+    incur the anger of her young mistress.</p>
+
+    <p>Scarcely was Anielka attired in her prettiest dress, when
+    Constantia came to her with a little box, from which she took
+    several gay-colored ribbons, and decked her in them herself,
+    that the serf might do her credit in the new family. And when
+    Anielka, bending down to her feet, thanked her, Constantia,
+    with marvelous condescension, kissed her on her forehead. Even
+    Leon cast an admiring glance upon her. His servant soon after
+    came to conduct her to the carriage, and showing her where to
+    seat herself, they rolled off quickly toward Radapol.</p>
+
+    <p>For the first time in her life Anielka rode in a carriage.
+    Her head turned quite giddy, she could not look at the trees
+    and fields as they flew past her; but by degrees she became
+    more accustomed to it, and the fresh air enlivening her
+    spirits, she performed the rest of the journey in a tolerably
+    happy state of mind. At last they arrived in the spacious
+    court-yard before the Palace of Radapol, the dwelling of a once
+    rich and powerful Polish family, now partly in ruin. It was
+    evident, even to Anielka, that the marriage was one for money
+    on the one side, and for rank on the other.</p>
+
+    <p>Among other renovations at the castle, occasioned by the
+    approaching marriage, the owner of it, Prince Pelazia, had
+    obtained singers for the chapel, and had engaged Signer
+    Justiniani, an Italian, as chapel-master. Immediately on Leon's
+    arrival, Anielka was presented to him. He made her sing a
+    scale, and pronounced her voice to be excellent.</p>
+
+    <p>Anielka found that, in Radapol, she was treated with a
+    little more consideration than at Olgogrod, although she had
+    often to submit to the caprices of her new mistress, and she
+    found less time to read. But to console herself, she gave all
+    her attention to singing, which she practiced several hours a
+    day. Her naturally great capacity, under the guidance of the
+    Italian, began to develop itself steadily. Besides sacred, he
+    taught her operatic music. On one occasion Anielka sung an aria
+    in so impassioned and masterly style, that the enraptured
+    Justiniani clapped his hands for joy, skipped about the room,
+    and not finding words enough to praise her, exclaimed several
+    times, "Prima Donna! Prima Donna!"</p>
+
+    <p>But the lessons were interrupted. The Princess's wedding-day
+    was fixed upon, after which event she and Leon were to go to
+    Florence, and Anielka was to accompany them. Alas! feelings
+    which gave her poignant misery still clung to her. She despised
+    herself for her weakness; but she loved Leon. The sentiment was
+    too deeply implanted in her bosom to be eradicated; too strong
+    to be resisted. It was the first love of a young and guileless
+    heart, and had grown in silence and despair.</p>
+
+    <p>Anielka was most anxious to know something of her adopted
+    parents. Once, after the old prince had heard her singing, he
+    asked her with great kindness about her home. She replied, that
+    she was an orphan, and had been taken by force from those who
+    had so kindly supplied the place of parents, Her apparent
+    attachment to the old bee-keeper and his wife so pleased the
+    prince, that he said, "You are a good child. Anielka, and
+    to-morrow I will send you to visit them. You shall take them
+    some presents."</p>
+
+    <p>Anielka, overpowered with gratitude, threw herself at the
+    feet of the prince. She dreamed all night of the happiness that
+    was in store for her, and the joy of the poor, forsaken, old
+    people; and when the next morning she set off, she could
+    scarcely restrain her impatience. At last they approached the
+    cabin; she saw the forest, with its tall trees, and the meadows
+    covered with flowers. She leaped from the carriage, that she
+    might be nearer these trees and flowers, every one of which she
+    seemed to recognize. The weather was beautiful. She breathed
+    with avidity the pure air which, in imagination, brought to her
+    the kisses and caresses of her poor father! Her foster-father
+    was, doubtless, occupied with his bees; but his wife?</p>
+
+    <p>Anielka opened the door of the cabin; all was silent and
+    deserted. The arm-chair on which the poor old woman used to
+    sit, was overturned in a corner. Anielka was chilled by a
+    fearful presentiment. She went with a slow step toward the
+    bee-hives; there she saw a little boy tending the bees, whilst
+    the old man was stretched on the ground beside him. The rays of
+    the sun, falling on his pale and sickly face, showed that he
+    was very ill. Anielka stooped down over him, and said, "It is
+    I, it is Anielka, your own Anielka, who always loves
+    you."</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page181"
+       id="page181"></a>[pg 181]</span>
+
+    <p>The old man raised his head, gazed upon her with a ghastly
+    smile, and took off his cap.</p>
+
+    <p>"And my good old mother, where is she?" Anielka asked.</p>
+
+    <p>"She is dead!" answered the old man, and falling back he
+    began laughing idiotically. Anielka wept. She gazed earnestly
+    on the worn frame, the pale and wrinkled cheeks, it which
+    scarcely a sign of life could be perceived; it seemed to her
+    that he had suddenly fallen asleep, and not wishing to disturb
+    him, she went to the carriage for the presents. When she
+    returned, she took his hand. It was cold. The poor old
+    bee-keeper had breathed his last!</p>
+
+    <p>Anielka was carried almost senseless back to the carriage,
+    which quickly returned with her to the castle. There she
+    revived a little; but the recollection that she was now quite
+    alone in the world, almost drove her to despair.</p>
+
+    <p>Her master's wedding and the journey to Florence were a
+    dream to her. Though the strange sights of a strange city
+    slowly restored her perceptions, they did not her cheerfulness.
+    She felt as if she could no longer endure the misery of her
+    life; she prayed to die.</p>
+
+    <p>"Why are you so unhappy?" said the Count Leon kindly to her,
+    one day.</p>
+
+    <p>To have explained the cause of her wretchedness would have
+    been death indeed.</p>
+
+    <p>"I am going to give you a treat," continued Leon. "A
+    celebrated singer is to appear to-night in the theater. I will
+    send you to hear her, and afterward you shall sing to me what
+    you remember of her performances."</p>
+
+    <p>Anielka went. It was a new era in her existence. Herself, by
+    this time, an artist, she could forget her griefs, and enter
+    with her whole soul into the beauties of the art she now heard
+    practiced in perfection for the first time. To music a chord
+    responded in her breast which vibrated powerfully. During the
+    performances she was at one moment pale and trembling, tears
+    rushing into her eyes; at another, she was ready to throw
+    herself at the feet of the cantatrice, in an ecstacy of
+    admiration. "Prima donna,"&mdash;by that name the public called
+    on her to receive their applause, and it was the same, thought
+    Anielka, that Justiniani had bestowed upon her. Could she also
+    be a prima donna? What a glorious destiny! To be able to
+    communicate one's own emotions to masses of entranced
+    listeners; to awaken in them, by the power of the voice, grief,
+    love, terror.</p>
+
+    <p>Strange thoughts continued to haunt her on her return home.
+    She was unable to sleep. She formed desperate plans. At last
+    she resolved to throw off the yoke of servitude, and the still
+    more painful slavery of feelings which her pride disdained.
+    Having learnt the address of the prima donna, she went early
+    one morning to her house.</p>
+
+    <p>On entering she said, in French, almost incoherently, so
+    great was her agitation&mdash;"Madam, I am a poor serf
+    belonging to a Polish family who have lately arrived in
+    Florence. I have escaped from them; protect, shelter me. They
+    say I can sing."</p>
+
+    <p>The Signora Teresina, a warm-hearted, passionate Italian,
+    was interested by her artless earnestness. She said, "Poor
+    child! you must have suffered much,"&mdash;she took Anielka's
+    hand in hers. "You say you can sing; let me hear you." Anielka
+    seated herself on an ottoman. She clasped her hands over her
+    knees, and tears fell into her lap. With plaintive pathos, and
+    perfect truth of intonation, she prayed in song. The Hymn to
+    the Virgin seemed to Teresina to be offered up by
+    inspiration.</p>
+
+    <p>The Signora was astonished. "Where," she asked, in wonder,
+    "were you taught?"</p>
+
+    <p>Anielka narrated her history, and when she had finished, the
+    prima donna spoke so kindly to her that she felt as if she had
+    known her for years. Anielka was Teresina's guest that day and
+    the next. After the Opera, on the third day, the prima donna
+    made her sit beside her, and said:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <p>"I think you are a very good girl, and you shall stay with
+    me always."</p>
+
+    <p>The girl was almost beside herself with joy.</p>
+
+    <p>"We will never part. Do you consent, Anielka?"</p>
+
+    <p>"Do not call me Anielka. Give me instead some Italian
+    name."</p>
+
+    <p>"Well, then, be Giovanna. The dearest friend I ever had but
+    whom I have lost&mdash;was named Giovanna," said the prima
+    donna.</p>
+
+    <p>"Then, I will be another Giovanna to you."</p>
+
+    <p>Teresina then said, "I hesitated to receive you at first,
+    for your sake as well as mine; it you are safe now. I learn
+    that your master and mistress, after searching vainly for you,
+    have returned to Poland."</p>
+
+    <p>From this time Anielka commenced an entirely new life. She
+    took lessons in singing every day from the Signora. and got an
+    engagement to appear in inferior characters at the theater. She
+    had now her own income, and her own servant&mdash;she, who till
+    then had been obliged to serve herself. She acquired the
+    Italian language rapidly, and soon passed for a native of the
+    country.</p>
+
+    <p>So passed three years. New and varied impressions failed,
+    however, to blot out the old ones. Anielka arrived at great
+    perfection in her singing, and even began to surpass the prima
+    donna, who was losing her voice from weakness of the chest.
+    This sad discovery changed the cheerful temper of Teresina. She
+    ceased to sing in public; for she could not endure to excite
+    pity, where she had formerly commanded admiration.</p>
+
+    <p>She determined to retire. "You," she said to Anielka, "shall
+    now assert your claim to the first rank in the vocal art. You
+    will maintain it. You surpass me. Often, on hearing you sing, I
+    have scarcely been able to stifle a feeling of jealousy."</p>
+
+    <p>Anielka placed her hand on Teresina's shoulder, and kissed
+    her.</p>
+
+    <p>"Yes," continued Teresina, regardless of everything but the
+    bright future she was <span class="pagenum"><a name="page182"
+       id="page182"></a>[pg 182]</span> shaping for her friend. "We
+       will go to Vienna&mdash;there you will be understood and
+       appreciated. You shall sing at the Italian Opera, and I will
+       be by your side&mdash;unknown, no longer sought,
+       worshiped&mdash;but will glory in your triumphs. They will
+       be a repetition of my own; for have I not taught you? Will
+       they not be the result of my work!"</p>
+
+    <p>Though Anielka's ambition was fired, her heart was softened,
+    and she wept violently.</p>
+
+    <p>Five months had scarcely elapsed, when a <i>furore</i> was
+    created in Vienna by the first appearance, at the Italian
+    Opera, of the Signora Giovanna. Her enormous salary at once
+    afforded her the means of even extravagant expenditure. Her
+    haughty treatment of male admirers only attracted new ones; but
+    in the midst of her triumphs she thought often of the time when
+    the poor orphan of Pobereze was cared for by nobody. This
+    remembrance made her receive the flatteries of the crowd with
+    an ironical smile; their fine speeches fell coldly on her ear,
+    their eloquent looks made no impression on her heart:
+    <i>that</i>, no change could alter, no temptation win.</p>
+
+    <p>In the flood of unexpected success a new misfortune
+    overwhelmed her. Since their arrival at Vienna, Teresina's
+    health rapidly declined, and in the sixth month of Anielka's
+    operatic reign she expired, leaving all her wealth, which was
+    considerable, to her friend.</p>
+
+    <p>Once more Anielka was alone in the world. Despite all the
+    honors and blandishments of her position, the old feeling of
+    desolateness came upon her. The new shock destroyed her health.
+    She was unable to appear on the stage. To sing was a painful
+    effort; she grew indifferent to what passed around her. Her
+    greatest consolation was in succoring the poor and friendless,
+    and her generosity was most conspicuous to all young orphan
+    girls without fortune. She had never ceased to love her native
+    land, and seldom appeared in society, unless it was to meet her
+    countrymen. If ever she sang, it was in Polish.</p>
+
+    <p>A year had elapsed since the death of the Signora Teresina,
+    when the Count Selka, a rich noble of Volkynia, at that time in
+    Vienna, solicited her presence at a party. It was impossible to
+    refuse the Count and his lady, from whom she had received great
+    kindness. She went. When in their saloons, filled with all the
+    fashion and aristocracy in Vienna, the name of Giovanna was
+    announced, a general murmur was heard. She entered, pale and
+    languid, and proceeded between the two rows made for her by the
+    admiring assembly, to the seat of honor beside the mistress of
+    the house.</p>
+
+    <p>Shortly after, the Count Selka led her to the piano. She sat
+    down before it, and thinking what she should sing, glanced
+    round upon the assembly. She could not help feeling that the
+    admiration which beamed from the faces around her was the work
+    of her own merit, for had she neglected the great gift of
+    nature&mdash;her voice, she could not have excited it. With a
+    blushing cheek, and eyes sparkling with honest pride, she
+    struck the piano with a firm hand, and from her seemingly weak
+    and delicate chest poured forth a touching Polish melody, with
+    a voice pure, sonorous, and plaintive. Tears were in many eyes,
+    and the beating of every heart was quickened.</p>
+
+    <p>The song was finished, but the wondering silence was
+    unbroken. Giovanna leaned exhausted on the arm of the chair,
+    and cast down her eyes. On again raising them, she perceived a
+    gentleman who gazed fixedly at her, as if he still listened to
+    echoes which had not yet died within him. The master of the
+    house, to dissipate his thoughtfulness, led him toward
+    Giovanna. "Let me present to you, Signora," he said, "a
+    countryman, the Count Leon Roszynski."</p>
+
+    <p>The lady trembled; she silently bowed, fixed her eyes on the
+    ground, and dared not raise them. Pleading indisposition, which
+    was fully justified by her pallid features, she soon after
+    withdrew.</p>
+
+    <p>When on the following day Giovanna'a servant announced the
+    Counts Selka and Roszynski, a peculiar smile played on her
+    lips, and when they entered, she received the latter with the
+    cold and formal politeness of a stranger. Controlling the
+    feelings of her heart, she schooled her features to an
+    expression of indifference. It was manifest from Leon's manner,
+    that without the remotest recognition, an indefinable
+    presentiment regarding her possessed him. The Counts had called
+    to know if Giovanna had recovered from her indisposition. Leon
+    begged to be permitted to call again.</p>
+
+    <p>Where was his wife? why did he never mention her? Giovanna
+    continually asked herself these questions when they had
+    departed.</p>
+
+    <p>A few nights after, the Count Leon arrived sad and
+    thoughtful. He prevailed on Giovanna to sing one of her Polish
+    melodies; which she told him had been taught, when a child, by
+    her muse. Roszynski, unable to restrain the expression of an
+    intense admiration he had long felt, frantically seized her
+    hand, and exclaimed, "I love you!"</p>
+
+    <p>She withdrew it from his grasp, remained silent for a few
+    minutes, and then said slowly, distinctly, and ironically, "But
+    I do not love <i>you</i>, Count Roszynski."</p>
+
+    <p>Leon rose from his seat. He pressed his hands to his brow,
+    and was silent. Giovanna remained calm and tranquil. "It is a
+    penalty from Heaven," continued Leon, as if speaking to
+    himself, "for not having fulfilled my duty as a husband toward
+    one whom I chose voluntarily, but without reflection. I wronged
+    her, and am punished."</p>
+
+    <p>Giovanna turned her eyes upon him. Leon continued, "Young,
+    and with a heart untouched, I married a princess about ten
+    years older than myself, of eccentric habits and bad temper.
+    She treated me as an inferior. She dissipated the fortune
+    hoarded up with so much care by my parents, and yet was
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page183"
+       id="page183"></a>[pg 183]</span> ashamed on account of my
+       origin to be called by my name. Happily for me, she was fond
+       of visiting and amusements. Otherwise, to escape from her, I
+       might have become a gambler, or worse; but, to avoid meeting
+       her, I remained at home&mdash;for there she seldom was. At
+       first from ennui, but afterward from real delight in the
+       occupation, I gave myself up to study. Reading formed my
+       mind and heart. I became a changed being. Some months ago my
+       father died, my sister went to Lithuania, whilst my mother,
+       in her old age, and with her ideas, was quite incapable of
+       understanding my sorrow. So when my wife went to the baths
+       for the benefit of her ruined health, I came here in the
+       hope of meeting with some of my former friends&mdash;I saw
+       you&mdash;"</p>
+
+    <p>Giovanna blushed like one detected; but speedily recovering
+    herself, asked with calm pleasantry, "Surely you do not number
+    <i>me</i> among your former friends?"</p>
+
+    <p>"I know not. I have been bewildered. It is strange; but from
+    the moment that I saw you at Count Selka's, a powerful instinct
+    of love overcame me; not a new feeling; but as if some latent,
+    long-hid, undeveloped sentiment had suddenly burst forth into
+    an uncontrollable passion. I love, I adore you. I&mdash;"</p>
+
+    <p>The Prima Donna interrupted him&mdash;not with speech, but
+    with a look which awed, which chilled him. Pride, scorn, irony
+    sat in her smile. Satire darted from her eyes. After a pause,
+    she repeated slowly and pointedly, "Love <i>me</i>, Count
+    Roszynski?"</p>
+
+    <p>"Such is my destiny," he replied. "Nor, despite your scorn,
+    will I struggle against it. I feel it is my fate ever to love
+    you; I fear it is my fate never to be loved by you. It is
+    dreadful."</p>
+
+    <p>Giovanna witnessed the Count's emotion with sadness. "To
+    have," she said mournfully, "one's first, pure, ardent,
+    passionate affection unrequited, scorned, made a jest of, is
+    indeed a bitterness, almost equal to that of death."</p>
+
+    <p>She made a strong effort to conceal her emotion. Indeed she
+    controlled it so well as to speak the rest with a sort of
+    gayety.</p>
+
+    <p>"You have at least been candid, Count Roszynski; I will
+    imitate you by telling a little history that occurred in your
+    country. There was a poor girl born and bred a serf to her
+    wealthy lord and master. When scarcely fifteen years old, she
+    was torn from a state of happy rustic freedom&mdash;the freedom
+    of humility and content&mdash;to be one of the courtly slaves
+    of the Palace. Those who did not laugh at her, scolded her. One
+    kind word was vouchsafed to her, and that came from the lord's
+    son. She nursed it and treasured it; till, from long concealing
+    and restraining her feelings, she at last found that gratitude
+    had changed into a sincere affection. But what does a man of
+    the world care for the love of a serf? It does not even flatter
+    his vanity. The young nobleman did not understand the source of
+    her tears and her grief, and he made a present of her, as he
+    would have done of some animal, to his betrothed."</p>
+
+    <p>Leon, agitated and somewhat enlightened, would have
+    interrupted her; but Giovanna said, "Allow me to finish my
+    tale. Providence did not abandon this poor orphan, but
+    permitted her to rise to distinction by the talent with which
+    she was endowed by nature. The wretched serf of Pobereze became
+    a celebrated Italian cantatrice. <i>Then</i> her former lord
+    meeting her in society, and seeing her admired and courted by
+    all the world, without knowing who she really was, was
+    afflicted, as if by the dictates of Heaven, with a love for
+    this same girl,&mdash;with a guilty love"&mdash;</p>
+
+    <p>And Giovanna rose, as she said this, to remove herself
+    further from her admirer.</p>
+
+    <p>"No, no!" he replied earnestly; "with a pure and holy
+    passion."</p>
+
+    <p>"Impossible!" returned Giovanna. "Are you not married?"</p>
+
+    <p>Roszynski vehemently tore a letter from his vest, and handed
+    it to Giovanna. It was sealed with black, for it announced the
+    death of his wife at the baths. It had only arrived that
+    morning.</p>
+
+    <p>"You have lost no time," said the cantatrice, endeavoring to
+    conceal her feelings under an iron mask of reproach.</p>
+
+    <p>There was a pause. Each dared not speak. The Count
+    knew&mdash;but without actually and practically believing what
+    seemed incredible&mdash;that Anielka and Giovanna were the same
+    person&mdash;<i>his slave</i>. That terrible relationship
+    checked him. Anielka, too, had played her part to the end of
+    endurance. The long cherished tenderness, the faithful love of
+    her life could not longer be wholly mastered. Hitherto they had
+    spoken in Italian. She now said, in Polish,</p>
+
+    <p>"You have a right, my Lord Roszynski, to that poor Anielka
+    who escaped from the service of your wife in Florence; you can
+    force her back to your palace, to its meanest work;
+    but"&mdash;</p>
+
+    <p>"Have mercy on me!" cried Leon.</p>
+
+    <p>"But," continued the serf of Pobereze, firmly, "you cannot
+    force me to love you."</p>
+
+    <p>"Do not mock&mdash;do not torture me more; you are
+    sufficiently revenged. I will not offend you by importunity.
+    You must indeed hate me! But remember that we Poles wished to
+    give freedom to our serfs; and for that very reason our country
+    was invaded and dismembered by despotic powers. We must
+    therefore continue to suffer slavery as it exists in Russia;
+    but, soul and body, we are averse to it; and when our country
+    once more becomes free, be assured no shadow of slavery will
+    remain in the land. Curse then our enemies, and pity us that we
+    stand in such a desperate position between Russian bayonets and
+    Siberia, and the hatred of our serfs."</p>
+
+    <p>So saying, and without waiting for a reply, Leon rushed from
+    the room. The door was closed. Giovanna listened to the sounds
+    of <span class="pagenum"><a name="page184"
+       id="page184"></a>[pg 184]</span> his rapid footsteps till
+       they died in the street. She would have followed, but dared
+       not. She ran to the window. Roszynski's carriage was rolling
+       rapidly away, and she exclaimed vainly, "I love you, Leon; I
+       loved you always!"</p>
+
+    <p>Her tortures were unendurable. To relieve them she hastened
+    to her desk, and wrote these words:</p>
+
+    <p>"Dearest Leon, forgive me; let the past be forever
+    forgotten. Return to your Anielka. She always has been, ever
+    will be, yours!"</p>
+
+    <p>She dispatched the missive. Was it too late, or would it
+    bring him back? In the latter hope she retired to her chamber,
+    to execute a little project.</p>
+
+    <p>Leon was in despair. He saw he had been premature in so soon
+    declaring his passion after the news of his wife's death, and
+    vowed he would not see Anielka again for several months. To
+    calm his agitation, he had ridden some miles into the country.
+    When he returned to his hotel after some hours, he found her
+    note. With the wild delight it had darted into his soul, he
+    flew back to her.</p>
+
+    <p>On regaining her saloon a new and terrible vicissitude
+    seemed to sport with his passion&mdash;she was nowhere to be
+    seen. Had the Italian cantatrice fled? Again he was in
+    despair-stupefied with disappointment. As he stood uncertain
+    how to act, in the midst of the floor, he heard, as from a
+    distance, an Ave Maria poured forth in tones he half
+    recognized. The sounds brought back to him a host of
+    recollections: a weeping serf&mdash;the garden of his own
+    palace. In a state of new rapture he followed the voice. He
+    traced it to an inner chamber, and he there beheld the lovely
+    singer kneeling in the costume of a Polish serf. She rose,
+    greeted Leon with a touching smile, and stepped forward with
+    serious bashfulness. Leon extended his arms; she sank into
+    them; and in that fond embrace all past wrongs and sorrows were
+    forgotten! Anielka drew from her bosom a little purse, and took
+    from it a piece of silver, It was the rouble. Now, Leon did not
+    smile at it. He comprehended the sacredness of this little
+    gift, and some tears of repentance fell on Anielka's hand.</p>
+
+    <p>A few months after, Leon wrote to the steward of Olgogrod to
+    prepare everything splendidly for the reception of his second
+    wife. He concluded his letter with these words:</p>
+
+    <p>"I understand that in the dungeon beneath my palace there
+    are some unfortunate men, who were imprisoned during my
+    father's lifetime. Let them be instantly liberated. This is my
+    first act of gratitude to God, who has so infinitely blessed
+    me!"</p>
+
+    <p>Anielka longed ardently to behold her native land. They left
+    Vienna immediately after the wedding, although it was in the
+    middle of January.</p>
+
+    <p>It was already quite dark when the carriage, with its four
+    horses, stopped in front of the portico of the palace of
+    Olgogrod. Whilst the footman was opening the door on one side,
+    a beggar soliciting alms appeared at the other, where Anielka
+    was seated. Happy to perform a good action as she crossed the
+    threshold of her new home, she gave him some money; but the
+    man, instead of thanking her, returned her bounty with a savage
+    laugh, at the same time scowling at her in the fiercest manner
+    from beneath his thick and shaggy brows. The strangeness of
+    this circumstance sensibly affected Anielka, and clouded her
+    happiness. Leon soothed and reassured her. In the arms of her
+    beloved husband she forgot all but the happiness of being the
+    idol of his affections.</p>
+
+    <p>Fatigue and excitement made the night most welcome. All was
+    dark and silent around the palace, and some hours of the night
+    had passed, when suddenly flames burst forth from several parts
+    of the building at once. The palace was enveloped in fire; it
+    raged furiously. The flames mounted higher and higher; the
+    windows cracked with a fearful sound, and the smoke penetrated
+    into the most remote apartments.</p>
+
+    <p>A single figure of a man was seen stealing over the snow,
+    which lay like a winding-sheet on the solitary waste; his
+    cautious steps were heard on the frozen snow as it crisped
+    beneath his tread. It was the beggar who had accosted Anielka.
+    On a rising ground he turned to gaze on the terrible scene.</p>
+
+    <p>"No more unfortunate creatures will now be doomed to pass
+    their lives in your dungeons," he exclaimed. "What was
+    <i>my</i> crime? Reminding my master of the lowness of his
+    birth. For this they tore me from my only child&mdash;my
+    darling little Anielka; they had no pity even for her orphan
+    state; let them perish all!"</p>
+
+    <p>Suddenly a young and beautiful creature rushes wildly to one
+    of the principal windows: she makes a violent effort to escape.
+    For a moment her lovely form, clothed in white, shines in
+    terrible relief against the background of blazing curtains and
+    walls of fire, and as instantly sinks back into the blazing
+    element. Behind her is another figure, vainly endeavoring to
+    aid her&mdash;he perishes also: neither of them are ever seen
+    again!</p>
+
+    <p>This appalling tragedy horrified even the perpetrator of the
+    crime. He rushed from the place, and as he heard the crash of
+    the falling walls, he closed his ears with his hands, and
+    darted on faster and faster.</p>
+
+    <p>The next day some peasants discovered the body of a man
+    frozen to death, lying on a heap of snow&mdash;it was that of
+    the wretched incendiary. Providence, mindful of his long, of
+    his cruel imprisonment and sufferings, spared him the anguish
+    of knowing that the mistress of the palace he had destroyed,
+    and who perished in the flames, was his own beloved
+    daughter&mdash;the Serf of Pobereze!</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <p>A TRUE POET never takes a "poetic license."</p>
+    <hr />
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page185"
+       id="page185"></a>[pg 185]</span>
+
+    <h4>From the Dublin University Magazine.</h4>
+
+    <h2>THE MYSTERIOUS COMPACT.</h2>
+
+    <h3>IN TWO PARTS.&mdash;PART I.</h3>
+
+    <p>In the latter years of the last century, two youths,
+    Ferdinand Von Hallberg and Edward Von Wensleben were receiving
+    their education in the military academy of Mariensheim. Among
+    their schoolfellows they were called Orestes and Pylades, or
+    Damon and Pythias, on account of their tender friendship, which
+    constantly recalled to their schoolfellows' minds the history
+    of these ancient worthies. Both were sons of officers who had
+    long served the state with honor, both were destined for their
+    father's profession, both accomplished and endowed by nature
+    with no mean talents. But fortune had not been so impartial in
+    the distribution of her favors&mdash;Hallberg's father lived on
+    a small pension, by means of which he defrayed the expenses of
+    his son's schooling at the cost of the government; while
+    Wensleben's parents willingly paid the handsomest salary in
+    order to insure to their only child the best education which
+    the establishment afforded. This disparity in circumstances at
+    first produced a species of proud reserve, amounting to
+    coldness, in Ferdinand's deportment, which yielded by degrees
+    to the cordial affection that Edward manifested toward him on
+    every occasion. Two years older than Edward, of a thoughtful
+    and almost melancholy turn of mind, Ferdinand soon gained a
+    considerable influence over his weaker friend, who clung to him
+    with almost girlish dependence.</p>
+
+    <p>Their companionship had now lasted with satisfaction and
+    happiness to both, for several years, and the youths had formed
+    for themselves the most delightful plans&mdash;how they were
+    never to separate, how they were to enter the service in the
+    same regiment, and if a war broke out, how they were to fight
+    side by side, and conquer or die together. But destiny, or
+    rather Providence&mdash;whose plans are usually opposed to the
+    designs of mortals&mdash;had ordained otherwise.</p>
+
+    <p>Earlier than was expected, Hallberg's father found an
+    opportunity to have his son appointed to an infantry regiment,
+    and he was ordered immediately to join the staff in a small
+    provincial town, in an out-of-the-way mountainous district.
+    This announcement fell like a thunderbolt on the two friends;
+    but Ferdinand considered himself by far the more unhappy, since
+    it was ordained that he should be the one to sever the happy
+    bond that bound them, and to inflict a deep wound on his loved
+    companion. His schoolfellows vainly endeavored to console him
+    by calling his attention to his new commission, and the
+    preference which had been shown him above so many others. He
+    only thought of the approaching separation; he only saw his
+    friend's grief, and passed the few remaining days that were
+    allowed him at the academy by Edward's side, who husbanded
+    every moment of his Ferdinand's society with jealous care, and
+    could not bear to lose sight of him for an instant. In one of
+    their most melancholy hours, excited by sorrow and youthful
+    enthusiasm, they bound themselves by a mysterious vow, namely,
+    that the one whom God should think fit to call first from this
+    world, should bind himself (if conformable to the Divine will)
+    to give some sign of his remembrance and affection to the
+    survivor.</p>
+
+    <p>The place where this vow was made was a solitary spot in the
+    garden, by a monument of gray marble, overshadowed by dark
+    firs, which the former director of the institution had caused
+    to be erected to the memory of his son, whose premature death
+    was recorded on the stone.</p>
+
+    <p>Here the friends met at night, and by the fitful light of
+    the moon they pledged themselves to the rash and fanciful
+    contract, and confirmed and consecrated it the next morning by
+    a religious ceremony. After this they were able to look the
+    approaching separation in the face more manfully, and Edward
+    strove hard to quell the melancholy feeling which had lately
+    arisen in his mind on account of the constant foreboding that
+    Ferdinand expressed of his own early death. "No," thought
+    Edward, "his pensive turn of mind and his wild imagination
+    cause him to reproach himself without a cause for my sorrow and
+    his own departure. Oh, no, Ferdinand will not die
+    early&mdash;he will not die before me. Providence will not
+    leave me alone in the world."</p>
+    <hr class="short" />
+
+    <p>The lonely Edward strove hard to console himself, for after
+    Ferdinand's departure, the house, the world itself, seemed a
+    desert; and absorbed by his own memories, he now recalled to
+    mind many a dark speech which had fallen from his absent
+    friend, particularly in the latter days of their intercourse,
+    and which betokened but too plainly a presentiment of early
+    death. But time and youth exercised, even over these sorrows,
+    their irresistible influence. Edward's spirits gradually
+    recovered their tone, and as the traveler always has the
+    advantage over the one who remains behind, in respect of new
+    objects to occupy his mind, so was Ferdinand even sooner calmed
+    and cheered, and by degrees he became engrossed by his new
+    duties and new acquaintances, not to the exclusion, indeed, of
+    his friend's memory, but greatly to the alienation of his own
+    sorrow. It was natural, in such circumstances, that the young
+    officer should console himself sooner than poor Edward. The
+    country in which Hallberg found himself was wild and
+    mountainous, but possessed all the charms and peculiarities of
+    "far off" districts&mdash;simple, hospitable manners,
+    old-fashioned customs, many tales and legends which arise from
+    the credulity of the mountaineers, who invariably lean toward
+    the marvelous, and love to people the wild solitudes with
+    invisible beings.</p>
+
+    <p>Ferdinand had soon, without seeking for
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page186"
+       id="page186"></a>[pg 186]</span> it, made acquaintance with
+       several respectable families in the town; and as it
+       generally happens in such cases, he had become quite
+       domesticated in the best country-houses in the neighborhood;
+       and the well-mannered, handsome, and agreeable youth was
+       welcomed everywhere. The simple, patriarchal life in these
+       old mansions and castles&mdash;the cordiality of the people,
+       the wild, picturesque scenery, nay, the very legends
+       themselves, were entirely to Hallberg's taste. He adapted
+       himself easily to his new mode of life, but his heart
+       remained tranquil. This could not last. Before half a year
+       had passed, the battalion to which he belonged was ordered
+       to another station, and he had to part with many friends.
+       The first letter which he wrote after this change bore the
+       impression of impatience at the breaking up of a happy time.
+       Edward found this natural enough; but he was surprised in
+       the following letters to detect signs of a disturbed and
+       desultory state of mind, wholly foreign to his friend's
+       nature. The riddle was soon solved. Ferdinand's heart was
+       touched for the first time, and perhaps because the
+       impression had been made late, it was all the deeper.
+       Unfavorable circumstances opposed themselves to his hopes:
+       the young lady was of an ancient family, rich, and betrothed
+       since her childhood to a relation, who was expected shortly
+       to arrive in order to claim her promised hand.
+       Notwithstanding this engagement, Ferdinand and the young
+       girl had become sincerely attached to each other, and had
+       both resolved to dare everything with the hope of being
+       united. They pledged their troth in secret; the darkest
+       mystery enveloped not only their plans, but their
+       affections; and as secrecy was necessary to the advancement
+       of their projects, Ferdinand entreated his friend to forgive
+       him if he did not intrust his whole secret to a sheet of
+       paper that had at least sixty miles to travel, and which
+       must pass through so many hands. It was impossible from his
+       letter to guess the name of the person or the place in
+       question. "You know that I love," he wrote, "therefore you
+       know that the object of my secret passion is worthy of any
+       sacrifice; for you know your friend too well to believe him
+       capable of any blind infatuation, and this must suffice for
+       the present. No one must suspect what we are to each other;
+       no one here or round the neighborhood must have the
+       slightest clew to our plans. An awful personage will soon
+       make his appearance among us. His violent temper, his
+       inveterate obstinacy, (according to all that one hears of
+       him,) are well calculated to confirm in <i>her</i> a
+       well-founded aversion. But family arrangements and legal
+       contracts exist, the fulfillment of which the opposing party
+       are bent on enforcing. The struggle will be
+       hard&mdash;perhaps unsuccessful; notwithstanding, I will
+       strain every nerve. Should I fail, you must console
+       yourself, my dear Edward, with the thought, that it will be
+       no misfortune to your friend to be deprived of an existence
+       rendered miserable by the failure of his dearest hopes, and
+       separation from his dearest friend. Then may all the
+       happiness which Heaven has denied me be vouchsafed to you
+       and her, so that my spirit may look down contentedly from
+       the realms of light, and bless and protect you both."</p>
+
+    <p>Such was the usual tenor of the letters which Edward
+    received during that period, His heart was full of
+    anxiety&mdash;he read danger and distress in the mysterious
+    communications of Ferdinand; and every argument that affection
+    and good sense could suggest did he make use of, in his
+    replies, to turn his friend from this path of peril which
+    threatened to end in a deep abyss. He tried persuasion, and
+    urged him to desist for the sake of their long-tried
+    affection&mdash;but when did passion ever listen to the
+    expostulations of friendship?</p>
+
+    <p>Ferdinand only saw one aim in life&mdash;the possession of
+    the beloved one. All else faded from before his eyes, and even
+    his correspondence slackened, for his time was much taken up in
+    secret excursions, arrangements of all kinds, and
+    communications with all manner of persons; in fact every action
+    of his present life tended to the furtherance of his plan.</p>
+
+    <p>All of a sudden his letters ceased. Many posts passed
+    without a sign of life. Edward was a prey to the greatest
+    anxiety; he thought his friend had staked and lost. He imagined
+    an elopement, a clandestine marriage, a duel with a rival, and
+    all these casualties were the more painful to conjecture, since
+    his entire ignorance of the real state of things gave his fancy
+    full range to conjure up all sorts of misfortunes. At length,
+    after many more posts had come in without a line to pacify
+    Edward's fears, without a word in reply to his earnest
+    entreaties for some news, he determined on taking a step which
+    he had meditated before, and only relinquished out of
+    consideration for his friend's wishes. He wrote to the officer
+    commanding the regiment, and made inquiries respecting the
+    health and abode of Lieutenant Von Hallberg, whose friends in
+    the capital had remained for nearly two months without news of
+    him, he who had hitherto proved a regular and frequent
+    correspondent.</p>
+
+    <p>Another fortnight dragged heavily on, and at length the
+    announcement came in an official form. Lieutenant Von Hallberg
+    had been invited to the castle of a nobleman whom he was in the
+    custom of visiting, in order to be present at the wedding of a
+    lady; that he was indisposed at the time, that he grew worse,
+    and on the third morning had been found dead in his bed, having
+    expired during the night from an attack of apoplexy.</p>
+
+    <p>Edward could not finish the letter&mdash;it fell from his
+    trembling hand. To see his worst fears realized so suddenly,
+    overwhelmed him at first. His youth withstood the bodily
+    illness <span class="pagenum"><a name="page187"
+       id="page187"></a>[pg 187]</span> which would have assailed a
+       weaker constitution, and perhaps mitigated the anguish of
+       his grief. He was not dangerously ill, but they feared many
+       days for his reason; and it required all the kind solicitude
+       of the director of the college, combined with the most
+       skillful medical aid, to stem the torrent of his sorrow, and
+       to turn it gradually into a calmer channel, until by degrees
+       the mourner recovered both health and reason. His youthful
+       spirits, however, had received a blow from which they never
+       rebounded, and one thought lay heavy on his mind, which he
+       was unwilling to share with any other person, and which, on
+       that account, grew more and more painful. It was the memory
+       of that holy promise which had been mutually contracted,
+       that the survivor was to receive some token of his friend's
+       remembrance of him after death. Now two months had already
+       passed since Ferdinand's earthly career had been arrested,
+       his spirit was free, why no sign? In the moment of death
+       Edward had had no intimation, no message from the passing
+       spirit, and this apparent neglect, so to speak, was another
+       deep wound in Edward's breast. Do the affections cease with
+       life? Was it contrary to the will of the Almighty that the
+       mourner should taste this consolation? Did individuality
+       lose itself in death, and with it memory? Or did one stroke
+       destroy spirit and body? These anxious doubts, which have
+       before now agitated many who reflect on such subjects,
+       exercised their power over Edward's mind with an intensity
+       that none can imagine save one whose position is in any
+       degree similar.</p>
+
+    <p>Time gradually deadened the intensity of his affliction. The
+    violent paroxysms of grief subsided into a deep but calm
+    regret. It was as if a mist had spread itself over every object
+    which presented itself before him, robbing them indeed of half
+    their charms, yet leaving them visible, and in their real
+    relation to himself. During this mental change the autumn
+    arrived, and with it the long-expected commission. It did not
+    indeed occasion the joy which it might have done in former
+    days, when it would have led to a meeting with Ferdinand, or at
+    all events to a better chance of meeting, but it released him
+    from the thraldom of college, and it opened to him a welcome
+    sphere of activity. Now it so happened that his appointment led
+    him accidentally into the very neighborhood where Ferdinand had
+    formerly resided, only with this difference, that Edward's
+    squadron was quartered in the lowlands, about a short day's
+    journey from the town and woodland environs in question.</p>
+
+    <p>He proceeded to his quarters, and found an agreeable
+    occupation in the exercise of his new duties.</p>
+
+    <p>He had no wish to make acquaintances, yet he did not refuse
+    the invitations that were pressed upon him, lest he should he
+    accused of eccentricity and rudeness; and so be found himself
+    soon entangled in all sorts of engagements with the neighboring
+    gentry and nobility. If these so-called gayeties gave him no
+    particular pleasure, at least for the time they diverted his
+    thoughts; and with this view he accepted an invitation (for the
+    new-year and carnival were near at hand) to a great
+    shooting-match which was to be held in the mountains&mdash;a
+    spot which it was possible to reach in one day, with favorable
+    weather and the roads in good state. The day was appointed, the
+    air tolerably clear; a mild frost had made the roads safe and
+    even, and Edward had every expectation of being able to reach
+    Blumenberg in his sledge before night, as on the following
+    morning the match was to take place. But as soon as he got near
+    the mountains, where the sun retires so early to rest,
+    snow-clouds drove from all quarters, a cutting wind came
+    roaring through the ravines, and a heavy fall of snow began.
+    Twice the driver lost his way, and daylight was gone before he
+    had well recovered it; darkness came on sooner than in other
+    places, walled in as they were by dark mountains, with dark
+    clouds above their heads. It was out of the question to dream
+    of reaching Blumenberg that night; but in this hospitable land,
+    where every householder welcomes the passing traveler, Edward
+    was under no anxiety as to shelter. He only wished, before the
+    night quite set in, to reach some country-house or castle; and
+    now that the storm had abated in some degree, that the heavens
+    were a little clearer, and that a few stars peeped out, a large
+    valley opened before them, whose bold outline Edward could
+    distinguish, even in the uncertain light. The well-defined
+    roofs of a neat village were perceptible, and behind these,
+    half-way up the mountain that crowned the plain, Edward thought
+    he could discern a large building which glimmered with more
+    than one light. The road led straight into the village. Edward
+    stopped and inquired.</p>
+
+    <p>That building was indeed a castle: the village belonged to
+    it, and both were the property of the Baron Friedenberg.
+    "Friedenberg!" repeated Edward: the name sounded familiar to
+    him, yet he could not call to mind when and where he had heard
+    it. He inquired if the family were at home, hired a guide, and
+    arrived at length by a rugged path which wound itself round
+    steep rocks, to the summit of them, and finally to the castle,
+    which was perched there like an eagle's nest. The tinkling of
+    the bells on Edward's sledge attracted the attention of the
+    inmates; the door was opened with prompt hospitality; servants
+    appeared with torches; Edward was assisted to emerge from under
+    the frozen apron of his carriage, out of his heavy pelisse,
+    stiff with hoar-frost, and up a comfortable staircase into a
+    long saloon of simple construction, where a genial warmth
+    appeared to welcome him from a huge stove in the corner. The
+    servants here placed two large burning candles in massive
+    silver sconces, and went out to announce the
+    stranger.</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page188"
+       id="page188"></a>[pg 188]</span>
+
+    <p>The fitting-up of the room, or rather saloon, was perfectly
+    simple. Family portraits, in heavy frames, hung round the
+    walls, diversified by some maps. Magnificent stags' horns were
+    arranged between; and the taste of the master of the house was
+    easily detected in the hunting-knives, powder-flasks, carbines,
+    smoking-bags, and sportsmen's pouches, which were arranged, not
+    without taste, as trophies of the chase. The ceiling was
+    supported by large beams, dingy with smoke and age; and on the
+    sides of the room were long benches, covered and padded with
+    dark cloth, and studded with large brass nails; while round the
+    dinner-table were placed several arm-chairs, also of ancient
+    date. All bore the aspect of the good old times, of a simple,
+    patriarchal life with affluence. Edward felt as if there were a
+    kind welcome in the inanimate objects which surrounded him,
+    when the inner-door opened, and the master of the house
+    entered, preceded by a servant, and welcomed his guest with
+    courteous cordiality.</p>
+
+    <p>Some apologies which Edward offered on account of his
+    intrusion, were silenced in a moment.</p>
+
+    <p>"Come, now, Lieutenant," said the Baron, "I must introduce
+    you to my family. You are not such a stranger to us, as you
+    fancy."</p>
+
+    <p>With these words he took Edward by the arm, and, lighted by
+    the servant, they passed through several lofty rooms, which
+    were very handsomely furnished, although in an old-fashioned
+    style, with faded Flemish carpets, large chandeliers, and
+    high-backed chairs: everything in keeping with what the youth
+    had already seen in the castle. Here were the ladies of the
+    house. At the other end of the room, by the side of an immense
+    stove, ornamented with a large shield of the family arms,
+    richly emblazoned, and crowned by a gigantic Turk, in a most
+    comfortable attitude of repose sat the lady of the house, an
+    elderly matron of tolerable circumference, in a gown of dark
+    red satin, with a black mantle and a snow-white cap. She
+    appeared to be playing cards with the chaplain, who sat
+    opposite to her at the table, and the Baron Friedenberg to have
+    made the third hand at ombre, till he was called away to
+    welcome his guest. On the other side of the room were two young
+    ladies, an elder person, who might be a governess, and a couple
+    of children, very much engrossed by a game at lotto.</p>
+
+    <p>As Edward entered, the ladies rose to greet him, a chair was
+    placed for him near the mistress of the house, and very soon a
+    cup of chocolate and a bottle of tokay were served on a rich
+    silver salver, to restore the traveler after the cold and
+    discomfort of his drive: in fact it was easy for him to feel
+    that these "far away" people were by no means displeased at his
+    arrival. An agreeable conversation soon began among all
+    parties. His travels, the shooting-match, the neighborhood,
+    agriculture, all afforded subjects, and in a quarter of an hour
+    Edward felt as if he had long been domesticated with these
+    simple but truly well-informed people.</p>
+
+    <p>Two hours flew swiftly by, and then a bell sounded for
+    supper; the servants returned with lights, announced that the
+    supper was on the table, and lighted the company into the
+    dining-room&mdash;the same into which Edward had first been
+    ushered. Here, in the background, some other characters
+    appeared on the scene&mdash;the agent, a couple of his
+    subalterns, and the physician. The guests ranged themselves
+    round the table. Edward's place was between the Baron and his
+    wife. The chaplain said a short grace, when the Baroness, with
+    an uneasy look, glanced at her husband over Edward's shoulder,
+    and said, in a low whisper&mdash;</p>
+
+    <p>"My love, we are thirteen&mdash;that will never do."</p>
+
+    <p>The Baron smiled, beckoned to the youngest of the clerks,
+    and whispered to him. The youth bowed, and withdrew. The
+    servant took the cover away, and served his supper in the next
+    room.</p>
+
+    <p>"My wife," said Friedenberg, "is superstitious, as all
+    mountaineers are. She thinks it unlucky to dine thirteen. It
+    certainly has happened twice (whether from chance or not who
+    can tell?) that we have had to mourn the death of an
+    acquaintance who had, a short time before, made the thirteenth
+    at our table."</p>
+
+    <p>"This idea is not confined to the mountains. I know many
+    people in the capital who think with the Baroness," said
+    Edward. "Although in a town such ideas, which belong more
+    especially to the olden time, are more likely to be lost in the
+    whirl and bustle which usually silences everything that is not
+    essentially matter of fact."</p>
+
+    <p>"Ah, yes, Lieutenant," replied the Baron, smiling
+    good-humoredly, "we keep up old customs better in the
+    mountains. You see that by our furniture. People in the capital
+    would call this sadly old-fashioned."</p>
+
+    <p>"That which is really good and beautiful can never appear
+    out of date," rejoined Edward courteously; "and here, if I
+    mistake not, presides a spirit that is ever striving after
+    both. I must confess, Baron, that when I first entered your
+    house, it was this very aspect of the olden time that enchanted
+    me beyond measure."</p>
+
+    <p>"That is always the effect which simplicity has on every
+    unspoiled mind," answered Friedenberg: "but townspeople have
+    seldom a taste for such things."</p>
+
+    <p>"I was partly educated on my father's estate," said Edward,
+    "which was situated in the Highlands; and it appears to me as
+    if, when I entered your house, I were visiting a neighbor of my
+    father's, for the general aspect is quite the same here as with
+    us."</p>
+
+    <p>"Yes," said the chaplain, "mountainous districts have all a
+    family likeness: the same necessities, the same struggles with
+    nature, the same seclusion, all produce the same way of life
+    among mountaineers."</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page189"
+       id="page189"></a>[pg 189]</span>
+
+    <p>"On that account the prejudice against the number thirteen
+    was especially familiar to me," replied Edward. "We also
+    dislike it; and we retain a consideration for many
+    supernatural, or at least inexplicable things, which I have met
+    with again in this neighborhood."</p>
+
+    <p>"Yes, here, almost more than anywhere else," continued the
+    chaplain, "I think we excel all other mountaineers in the
+    number and variety of our legends and ghost stories. I assure
+    you that there is not a cave or a church, or, above all, a
+    castle, for miles round about, of which we could not relate
+    something supernatural."</p>
+
+    <p>The Baroness, who perceived the turn which the conversation
+    was likely to take, thought it better to send the children to
+    bed; and when they were gone, the priest continued, "Even here,
+    in this castle&mdash;"</p>
+
+    <p>"Here!" inquired Edward, "in this very castle?"</p>
+
+    <p>"Yes, yes! Lieutenant," interposed the Baron, "this house
+    has the reputation of being haunted; and the most extraordinary
+    thing is, that the matter cannot be denied by the skeptical, or
+    accounted for by the reasonable."</p>
+
+    <p>"And yet," said Edward, "the castle looks so cheerful, so
+    habitable."</p>
+
+    <p>"Yes, this part which we live in," answered the Baron; "but
+    it consists of only a few apartments sufficient for my family
+    and these gentlemen; the other portion of the building is half
+    in ruins, and dates from the period when men established
+    themselves on the mountains for greater safety."</p>
+
+    <p>"There are some who maintain," said the physician, "that a
+    part of the walls of the stern tower itself are of Roman
+    origin; but that would surely be difficult to prove."</p>
+
+    <p>"But, gentlemen," observed the Baroness, "you are losing
+    yourselves in learned descriptions as to the erection of the
+    castle, and our guest is kept in ignorance of what he is
+    anxious to hear."</p>
+
+    <p>"Indeed, madam," replied the chaplain, "this is not entirely
+    foreign to the subject, since in the most ancient part of the
+    building lies the chamber in question."</p>
+
+    <p>"Where apparitions have been seen?" inquired Edward,
+    eagerly.</p>
+
+    <p>"Not exactly," replied the Baroness; "there is nothing
+    fearful to be seen."</p>
+
+    <p>"Come, let us tell him at once," interrupted the Baron. "The
+    fact is, that every guest who sleeps for the first time in this
+    room (and it has fallen to the lot of many, in turn, to do so,)
+    is visited by some important, significant dream or vision, or
+    whatever I ought to call it, in which some future event is
+    prefigured to him, or some past mystery cleared up, which he
+    had vainly striven to comprehend before."</p>
+
+    <p>"Then," interposed Edward, "it must be something like what
+    is known in the Highlands, under the name of second sight, a
+    privilege, as some consider it, which several persons and
+    several families enjoy."</p>
+
+    <p>"Just so," said the physician, "the cases are very similar;
+    yet the most mysterious part of this affair is, that it does
+    not appear to originate with the individual, or his
+    organization, or his sympathy with beings of the invisible
+    world; no, the individual has nothing to say to it&mdash;the
+    locality does it all. Every one who sleeps there has his
+    mysterious dream, and the result proves its truth."</p>
+
+    <p>"At least, in most instances," continued the Baron, "when we
+    have had an opportunity of hearing the cases confirmed. I
+    remember once, in particular. You may recollect, Lieutenant,
+    that when you first came in, I had the honor of telling you you
+    were not quite a stranger to me."</p>
+
+    <p>"Certainly, Baron; and I have been wishing for a long time
+    to ask an explanation of these words."</p>
+
+    <p>"We have often heard your name mentioned by a particular
+    friend of yours&mdash;one who could never pronounce it without
+    emotion."</p>
+
+    <p>"Ah!" cried Edward, who now saw clearly why the Baron's name
+    had sounded familiar to him also&mdash;"ah! you speak of my
+    friend Hallberg; truly do you say, we were indeed dear to each
+    other."</p>
+
+    <p>"Were!" echoed the Baron, in a faltering tone, as he
+    observed the sudden change in Edward's voice and countenance;
+    "can the blooming, vigorous youth be&mdash;"</p>
+
+    <p>"Dead!" exclaimed Edward; and the Baron deeply regretted
+    that he had touched so tender a chord, as he saw the young
+    officer's eyes fill with tears, and a dark cloud pass over his
+    animated features.</p>
+
+    <p>"Forgive me," he continued, while he leaned forward and
+    pressed his companion's hand; "I grieve that a thoughtless word
+    should have awakened such deep sorrow. I had no idea of his
+    death; we all loved the handsome young man, and by his
+    description of you were already much interested in you before
+    we had ever seen you."</p>
+
+    <p>The conversation now turned entirely on Hallberg. Edward
+    related the particulars of his death. Every one present had
+    something to say in his praise; and although this sudden
+    allusion to his dearest friend had agitated Edward in no slight
+    degree, yet it was a consolation to him to listen to the
+    tribute these worthy people paid to the memory of Ferdinand,
+    and to see how genuine was their regret at the tidings of his
+    early death. The time passed swiftly away in conversation of
+    much interest, and the whole company were surprised to hear ten
+    o'clock strike, an unusually late hour for this quiet, regular
+    family. The chaplain read prayers, in which Edward devoutly
+    joined, and then he kissed the matron's hand, and felt almost
+    as if he were in his father's house. The Baron offered to show
+    his guest to his room, and the servant preceded them with
+    lights. The way led past the staircase, and then on one side
+    into a long gallery, which communicated with another wing of
+    the castle.</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page190"
+       id="page190"></a>[pg 190]</span>
+
+    <p>The high-vaulted ceilings, the curious carving on the
+    ponderous doorways, the pointed gothic windows, through many
+    broken panes of which a sharp nightwind whistled, proved to
+    Edward that he was in the old part of the castle, and that the
+    famous chamber could not be far off.</p>
+
+    <p>"Would it be possible for me to be quartered there," he
+    began, rather timidly; "I should like it of all things."</p>
+
+    <p>"Really!" inquired the Baron, rather surprised; "have not
+    our ghost stories alarmed you?"</p>
+
+    <p>"On the contrary," was the reply, "they have excited the
+    most earnest wish&mdash;"</p>
+
+    <p>"Then, if that be the case," said the Baron, "we will
+    return. The room was already prepared for you, being the most
+    comfortable and the best in the whole wing; only I fancied,
+    after our conversation&mdash;"</p>
+
+    <p>"Oh, certainly not," exclaimed Edward; "I could only long
+    for such dreams."</p>
+
+    <p>During this discourse they had arrived at the door of the
+    famous room. They went in. They found themselves in a lofty and
+    spacious apartment, so large that the two candles which the
+    servant carried only shed a glimmering twilight over it, which
+    did not penetrate to the furthest corner. A high-canopied bed,
+    hung with costly but old-fashioned damask, of dark green, in
+    which were swelling pillows of snowy whiteness, tied with green
+    bows, and a silk coverlet of the same color, looked very
+    inviting to the tired traveler. Sofa and chairs of faded
+    needlework, a carved oak commode and table, a looking-glass in
+    heavy framework, a prie-dieu and crucifix above it, constituted
+    the furniture of the room, where, above all things, cleanliness
+    and comfort preponderated, while a good deal of silver plate
+    was spread out on the toilet-table.</p>
+
+    <p>Edward looked round. "A beautiful room!" he said. "Answer me
+    one question, Baron, if you please. Did he ever sleep
+    here?"</p>
+
+    <p>"Certainly," replied Friedenberg; "it was his usual room
+    when he was here, and he had a most curious dream in that bed,
+    which, as he assured us, made a great impression on him."</p>
+
+    <p>"And what was it?" inquired Edward.</p>
+
+    <p>"He never told us, for, as you well know, he was reserved by
+    nature; but we gathered from some words that he let slip, that
+    an early and sudden death was foretold. Alas! your narrative
+    has confirmed the truth of the prediction."</p>
+
+    <p>"Wonderful! He always had a similar foreboding, and many a
+    time has he grieved me by alluding to it," said Edward; "yet it
+    never made him gloomy or discontented. He went on his way
+    firmly and calmly, and looked forward with joy, I might almost
+    say, to another life."</p>
+
+    <p>"He was a superior man," answered the Baron. "whose memory
+    will ever be dear to us. But now I will detain you no longer.
+    Good night. Here is the bell"&mdash;he showed him the cord in
+    between the curtains&mdash;"and your servant sleeps in the next
+    room."</p>
+
+    <p>"Oh, you are too careful of me," said Edward, smiling; "I am
+    used to sleep by myself."</p>
+
+    <p>"Still," replied the Baron, "every precaution should be
+    taken. Now once more good night."</p>
+
+    <p>He shook him by the hand, and, followed by the servant, left
+    the room.</p>
+
+    <p>Thus Edward found himself alone, in the large,
+    mysterious-looking, haunted room, where his deceased friend had
+    so often reposed; where he also was expected to see a vision.
+    The awe which the place itself inspired, combined with the sad
+    and yet tender recollection of the departed Ferdinand, produced
+    a state of mental excitement which was not favorable to his
+    night's rest. He had already undressed with the aid of his
+    servant (whom he had then dismissed,) and had been in bed some
+    time, having extinguished the candles. No sleep visited his
+    eyelids; and the thought recurred which had so often troubled
+    him, why he had never received the promised token from
+    Ferdinand, whether his friend's spirit were among the
+    blest&mdash;whether his silence (so to speak) proceeded from
+    unwillingness or incapacity to communicate with the living. A
+    mingled train of reflections agitated his mind; his brain grew
+    heated; his pulse beat faster and faster. The castle clock
+    tolled eleven&mdash;half-past eleven. He counted the strokes:
+    and at that moment the moon rose above the dark margin of the
+    rocks which surrounded the castle, and shed her full light into
+    Edward's room. Every object stood out in relief from the
+    darkness. Edward gazed, and thought, and speculated. It seemed
+    to him as if something moved in the furthest corner of the
+    room. The movement was evident&mdash;it assumed a
+    form&mdash;the form of a man, which appeared to advance, or
+    rather to float forward. Here Edward lost all sense of
+    surrounding objects, and found himself once more sitting at the
+    foot of the monument in the garden of the academy, where he had
+    contracted the bond with his friend. As formerly, the moon
+    streamed through the dark branches of the fir-trees, and shed
+    its pale cold light on the cold white marble of the monument.
+    Then the floating form which had appeared in the room of the
+    castle became clearer, more substantial, more earthly-looking;
+    it issued from behind the tombstone, and stood in the full
+    moonlight. It was Ferdinand, in the uniform of his regiment,
+    earnest and pale, but with a kind smile on his features.</p>
+
+    <p>"Ferdinand, Ferdinand!" cried Edward, overcome by joy and
+    surprise, and he strove to embrace the well-loved form, but it
+    waved him aside with a melancholy look.</p>
+
+    <p>"Ah! you are dead," continued the speaker; "and why then do
+    I see you just as you looked when
+    living?"</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page191"
+       id="page191"></a>[pg 191]</span>
+
+    <p>"Edward," answered the apparition, in a voice that sounded
+    as if it came from afar, "I am dead, but my spirit has no
+    peace."</p>
+
+    <p>"You are not with the blest?" cried Edward, in a voice of
+    terror.</p>
+
+    <p>"God is merciful," it replied; "but we are frail and sinful
+    creatures; inquire no more, but pray for me."</p>
+
+    <p>"With all my heart," cried Edward, in a tone of anguish,
+    while he gazed with affection on the familiar features; "but
+    speak, what can I do for thee?"</p>
+
+    <p>"An unholy tie still binds me to earth. I have sinned. I was
+    cut off in the midst of my sinful projects. This ring burns."
+    He slipped a small gold ring from his left hand. "Only when
+    every token of this unholy compact is destroyed, and when I
+    recover the ring which I exchanged for this, only then can my
+    spirit be at rest. Oh, Edward, dear Edward, bring me back my
+    ring!"</p>
+
+    <p>"With joy&mdash;but where, where am I to seek it?"</p>
+
+    <p>"Emily Varnier will give it thee herself; our engagement was
+    contrary to holy duties, to prior engagements, to earlier vows.
+    God denied his blessing to the guilty project, and my course
+    was arrested in a fearful manner. Pray for me, Edward, and
+    bring me back the ring, my ring," continued the voice, in a
+    mournful tone of appeal.</p>
+
+    <p>Then the features of the deceased smiled sadly but tenderly;
+    then all appeared to float once more before Edward's
+    eyes&mdash;the form was lost in mist, the monument, the
+    fir-grove, the moonlight, disappeared; a long, gloomy,
+    breathless pause followed. Edward lay, half sleeping, half
+    benumbed, in a confused manner; portions of the dream returned
+    to him&mdash;some images, some sounds&mdash;above all, the
+    petition for the restitution of the ring. But an indescribable
+    power bound his limbs, closed his eyelids, and silenced his
+    voice; mental consciousness alone was left him, yet his mind
+    was a prey to terror.</p>
+
+    <p>At length these painful sensations subsided&mdash;his nerves
+    became more braced, his breath came more freely, a pleasing
+    languor crept over his limbs, and he fell into a peaceful
+    sleep. When he awoke it was already broad daylight; his sleep
+    toward the end of the night had been quiet and refreshing. He
+    felt strong and well, but as soon as the recollection of his
+    dream returned, a deep melancholy took possession of him, and
+    he felt the traces of tears which grief had wrung from him on
+    his eyelashes. But what had the vision been? A mere dream
+    engendered by the conversation of the evening, and his
+    affection for Hallberg's memory, or was it at length the
+    fulfillment of the compact?</p>
+
+    <p>There, out of that dark corner, had the form risen up, and
+    moved toward him. But might it not have been the effect of
+    light and shade produced by the moonbeams, and the dark
+    branches of a large tree close to the window, when agitated by
+    the high wind? Perhaps he had seen this, and then fallen
+    asleep, and all combined, had woven itself into a dream. But
+    the name of Emily Varnier! Edward did not remember ever to have
+    heard it; certainly it had never been mentioned in Ferdinand's
+    letters. Could it be the name of his love, of the object of
+    that ardent and unfortunate passion? Could the vision be one of
+    truth? He was meditating, lost in thought, when there was a
+    knock at his door, and the servant entered. Edward rose
+    hastily, and sprang out of bed. As he did so, he heard
+    something fall with a ringing sound; the servant stooped and
+    picked up a gold ring, plain gold, like a wedding-ring. Edward
+    shuddered: he snatched it from the servant's hand, and the
+    color forsook his cheeks as he read the two words "Emily
+    Varnier" engraved inside the hoop. He stood there like one
+    thunderstruck, as pale as a corpse, with the proof in his hand
+    that he had not merely dreamed, but had actually spoken with
+    the spirit of his friend. A servant of the household came in to
+    ask whether the Lieutenant wished to breakfast in his room, or
+    down stairs with the family. Edward would willingly have
+    remained alone with the thoughts that pressed heavily on him,
+    but a secret dread lest his absence should be remarked, and
+    considered as a proof of fear, after all that had passed on the
+    subject of the haunted room, determined him to accept the
+    proposal. He dressed hastily, and arranged his hair carefully,
+    but the paleness of his face, and the traces of tears in his
+    eyes, were not to be concealed, and he entered the saloon,
+    where the family were already assembled at the breakfast-table,
+    with the chaplain and the doctor.</p>
+
+    <p>The Baron rose to greet him: one glance at the young
+    officer's face was sufficient; he pressed his hand in silence,
+    and led him to a place by the side of the Baroness. An animated
+    discussion now began concerning the weather, which was
+    completely changed; a strong south wind had risen in the night,
+    so there was now a thaw. The snow was all melted&mdash;the
+    torrents were flowing once more, and the roads impassable.</p>
+
+    <p>"How can you possibly reach Blumenberg, to-day?" the Baron
+    inquired of his guest.</p>
+
+    <p>"That will be well nigh impossible," said the doctor. "I am
+    just come from a patient at the next village, and I was nearly
+    an hour performing the same distance in a carriage that is
+    usually traversed on foot in a quarter of an hour."</p>
+
+    <p>Edward had not given a thought this morning to the
+    shooting-match. Now that it had occurred to him to remember it,
+    he felt little regret at being detained from a scene of noisy
+    festivity which, far from being desirable, appeared to him
+    actually distasteful in his present frame of mind. Yet he was
+    troubled by the thought of intruding too long on the
+    hospitality of his new friends; and he said, in a hesitating
+    manner&mdash;</p>
+
+    <p>"Yes! but I must try how far&mdash;"</p>
+
+    <p>"That you shall not do," interrupted the
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="page192"
+       id="page192"></a>[pg 192]</span> Baron. "The road is always
+       bad: and in a thaw it is always dangerous. It would go
+       against my conscience to allow you to risk it. Remain with
+       us: we have no shooting-match or ball to offer you,
+       but&mdash;"</p>
+
+    <p>"I shall not certainly regret either," cried Edward,
+    eagerly.</p>
+
+    <p>"Well, then, remain with us, Lieutenant," said the matron,
+    laying her hand on his arm, with a kind, maternal gesture. "You
+    are heartily welcome; and the longer you stay with us, the
+    better shall we be pleased."</p>
+
+    <p>The youth bowed, and raised the lady's hand to his lips, and
+    said&mdash;</p>
+
+    <p>"If you will allow me&mdash;if you feel certain that I am
+    not intruding&mdash;I will accept your kind offer with joy. I
+    never care much for a ball, at any time, and to-day in
+    particular"&mdash;. He stopped short, and then added, "In such
+    bad weather as this, the small amusement&mdash;"</p>
+
+    <p>"Would be dearly bought." interposed the Baron. "Come, I am
+    delighted; you will remain with us."</p>
+
+    <p>He shook Edward warmly by the hand.</p>
+
+    <p>"You know you are with old friends."</p>
+
+    <p>"And, beside," said the doctor, with disinterested
+    solicitude, "it would be imprudent, for M. de Wensleben does
+    not look very well. Had you a good night, sir?"</p>
+
+    <p>"Very good," replied Edward.</p>
+
+    <p>"Without much dreaming?" continued the other,
+    pertinaciously.</p>
+
+    <p>"Dreaming! oh, nothing wonderful," answered the officer.</p>
+
+    <p>"Hem!" said the doctor, shaking his head, portentiously. "No
+    one yet&mdash;"</p>
+
+    <p>"Were I to relate my dream," replied Edward, "you would
+    understand it no more than I did. Confused images&mdash;"</p>
+
+    <p>The Baroness, who saw the youth's unwillingness to enlarge
+    upon the subject, here observed&mdash;</p>
+
+    <p>"That some of the visions had been of no great
+    importance&mdash;those which she had heard related, at
+    least."</p>
+
+    <p>The chaplain led the conversation from dreams, themselves,
+    to their origin, on which subject he and the doctor could not
+    agree; and Edward and his visions were left in peace at last.
+    But when every one had departed, each to his daily occupation,
+    Edward followed the Baron into his library.</p>
+
+    <p>"I answered in that manner," he said, "to get rid of the
+    doctor and his questioning. To you I will confess the truth.
+    Your room has exercised its mysterious influence over me."</p>
+
+    <p>"Indeed!" said the baron, eagerly.</p>
+
+    <p>"I have seen and spoken with my Ferdinand, for the first
+    time since his death. I will trust to your kindness&mdash;your
+    sympathy&mdash;not to require of me a description of this
+    exciting vision. But I have a question to put to you."</p>
+
+    <p>"Which I will answer in all candor, if it be possible."</p>
+
+    <p>"Do you know the name of Emily Varnier?"</p>
+
+    <p>"Varnier!&mdash;certainly not."</p>
+
+    <p>"Is there no one in this neighborhood who bears that
+    name?"</p>
+
+    <p>"No one: it sounds like a foreign name."</p>
+
+    <p>"In the bed in which I slept I found this ring," said
+    Edward, while he produced it; "and the apparition of my friend
+    pronounced that name."</p>
+
+    <p>"Wonderful! As I tell you, I know no one so
+    called&mdash;this is the first time I ever heard the name. But
+    it is entirely unaccountable to me, how the ring should have
+    come into that bed. You see, M. von Wensleben, what I told you
+    is true. There is something very peculiar about that room: the
+    moment you entered, I saw that the spell had been working on
+    you also, but I did not wish to forestall or force your
+    confidence."</p>
+
+    <p>"I felt the delicacy, as I do now the kindness, of your
+    intentions. Those who are as sad as I am can alone tell the
+    value of tenderness and sympathy."</p>
+
+    <p>Edward remained this day and the following at the castle,
+    and felt quite at home with its worthy inmates. He slept twice
+    in the haunted room. He went away, and came back often; was
+    always welcomed cordially, and always quartered in the same
+    apartment. But, in spite of all this, he had no clew, he had no
+    means of lifting the vail of mystery which hung round the fate
+    of Ferdinand Hallberg and of Emily Varnier.</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h4>From Punch.</h4>
+
+    <h3>OUR "IN MEMORIAM."</h3>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>Not in the splendor of a ruinous glory</p>
+
+            <p>Emblazoned, glitters our lost Statesman's name:</p>
+
+            <p>The great deeds that have earned him deathless
+            fame</p>
+
+            <p>Will cost us merely thanks. Their inventory</p>
+
+            <p>Of peaceful heroism will be a story,</p>
+
+            <p>Of wise assertion of a rightful claim,</p>
+
+            <p>And Commerce freed by sagely daring aim.</p>
+
+            <p>Famine averted; Revolution glory</p>
+
+            <p>Disarmed; and the exhausted Commonweal</p>
+
+            <p>Recruited; these are things that England long</p>
+
+            <p>Will couple with the name of ROBERT PEEL,</p>
+
+            <p>Of whom the worst his enemies can say</p>
+
+            <p>Is, that he left the error of his way</p>
+
+            <p>When Conscience told him he was in the wrong.</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h4>From the Southern Literary Messenger.</h4>
+
+    <h3>TO W.J.R., WITH A MS.</h3>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>A little common weed, a simple shell,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">From the waste margent of a classic
+            sea;</p>
+
+            <p>A flower that grew where some great empire fell,</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Worthless themselves, are rich to
+            Memory.</p>
+
+            <p>And thus these lines are precious, for the hand</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">That penned their music crumbles into
+            mould;</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">And the hot brain that shaped them now is
+            cold</p>
+
+            <p>In its own ashes, like a blackened brand.&mdash;</p>
+
+            <p>But where the fiery soul that wove the spell;</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Weeping with trailing wings beside his
+            tomb?</p>
+
+            <p>Or stretched and tortured on the racks of Hell</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Dark-scowling at the ministers of
+            doom?&mdash;</p>
+
+            <p>Peace! this is but a dream, there cannot be</p>
+
+            <p>More suffering for him in Eternity!</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p class="author">R.H. STODDARD</p>
+    <hr />
+
+    <h4>From the Knickerbocker Magazine.</h4>
+
+    <h3>THE ACTUAL.</h3>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>Away! no more shall shadows entertain;</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">No more shall fancy paint and dreams
+            delude;</p>
+
+            <p>No more shall these illusions of the brain</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Divert me with their pleasing
+            interlude;</p>
+
+            <p>Forever are ye banished, idle joys;</p>
+
+            <p>Welcome, stern labor-life&mdash;this is no world for
+            toys!</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stanza">
+            <p>Blessed labor-life! victorious only he</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Who in its lists doth valiantly
+            contend;</p>
+
+            <p>For labor in itself is victory;</p>
+
+            <p class="i2">Yield never to repose; but let the
+            end</p>
+
+            <p>Of Life's great battle be&mdash;the end of life:</p>
+
+            <p>A glorious immortality shall crown the strife.</p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <p class="author">R.B.X.</p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of International Weekly Miscellany, Vol.
+I, No. 6, by Various
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+</pre>
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+</body>
+</html>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of International Weekly Miscellany, Vol. I,
+No. 6, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: International Weekly Miscellany, Vol. I, No. 6
+       Of Literature, Art, And Science, New York, August 5, 1850
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: October 6, 2004 [EBook #13643]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INTERNATIONAL WEEKLY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Joshua Hutchinson, William Flis, the PG Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team, and Cornell University
+
+
+
+
+
+INTERNATIONAL WEEKLY MISCELLANY
+
+Of Literature, Art, and Science.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Vol. I. NEW YORK, AUGUST 5, 1850. No. 6.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+GERMAN CRITICISM ON ENGLISH FEMALE ROMANCE WRITERS.
+
+We translate the following for the _International_ from a letter dated
+London, June 15, to the _Cologne Gazette_.
+
+"Among the most remarkable writers of romances in England, three women
+are entitled to be reckoned in the first rank, namely, Miss Jewsbury,
+Miss Bronte, and Mrs. Gaskell. Miss Jewsbury issued her first work
+about four years since, a novel, in three volumes, under the title of
+'Zoe,' and since then she has published the 'Half Sisters.' Both these
+works are excellent in manner as well as ideas, and show that their
+author is a woman of profound thought and deep feeling. Both are
+drawn from country life and the middle class, a sphere in which Miss
+Jewsbury is at home. The tendency of the first is speculative, and
+is based on religion; that of the second is social, relating to the
+position of woman.
+
+"Miss Jewsbury is still young, for an authoress. She counts only some
+thirty years, and many productions may be confidently expected from
+her hand, though perhaps none will excel those already published,
+for, after gaining a certain climax, no one excels himself. Her
+usual residence is Manchester; it is but seldom that she visits the
+metropolis; she is now here. She has lively and pleasing manners, a
+slight person, fine features, a beautiful, dreamy, light brown eye.
+She is attractive without being beautiful, retiring, altogether
+without pretensions, and in conversation is neither brilliant nor very
+intellectual,--a still, thoughtful, modest character.
+
+"Miss Bronte was long involved in a mysterious obscurity, from which
+she first emerged into the light as an actually existing being, at her
+present visit to London. Two years ago there appeared a romance, 'Jane
+Eyre,' by 'Currer Bell,' which threw all England into astonishment.
+Everybody was tormenting himself to discover the real author, for
+there was no such person as Currer Bell, and no one could tell
+whether the book was written by a man or woman, because the hues of
+the romance now indicated a male and now female hand, without any
+possibility of supposing that the whole originated with a single
+pencil. The public attributed it now to one, now to another, and the
+book passed to a second edition without the solution of the riddle.
+At last there came out a second romance, 'Shirley,' by the same
+author, which was devoured with equal avidity, although it could
+not be compared to the former in value; and still the incognito was
+preserved. Finally, late in the autumn of last year the report was
+spread about that the image of Jane Eyre had been discovered in London
+in the person of a pale young lady, with gray eyes, who had been
+recognized as the long-sought authoress. Still she remained invisible.
+And again, in June 1850, it is said that Currer Bell, Jane Eyre, Miss
+Bronte,--for all three names mean the same person,--is in London,
+though to all inquiries concerning the where and how a satisfactory
+answer is still wanting. She is now indeed here, but not for the
+curious public; she will not serve society as a lioness, will not be
+gazed and gaped at. She is a simple child of the country, brought up
+in the little parsonage of her father, in the North of England, and
+must first accustom her eye to the gleaming diadem with which fame
+seeks to deck her brow, before she can feel herself at home in her own
+sunshine.
+
+"Our third lady, Mrs. Gaskell, belongs also to the country, and is
+the wife of a Unitarian clergyman. In this capacity she has probably
+had occasion to know a great deal of the poorer classes, to her honor
+be it said. Her book, 'Mary Barton,' conducts us into the factory
+workman's narrow dwelling, and depicts his joys and sorrows, his
+aims and efforts, his wants and his misery, with a power of truth
+that irresistibly lays hold upon the heart. The scene of the story
+alternates from there to the city mansion of the factory owner,
+where, along with luxury and splendor we find little love and little
+happiness, and where sympathy with the condition of the workman is
+wanting only because it is not known, and because no one understands
+why or how the workman suffers. The book, is at once very beautiful,
+very instructive, and written, in a spirit of conciliation."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MARGARET FULLER, MARCHESA D'OSSOLI.
+
+Sarah Margaret Fuller, by marriage Marchioness of Ossoli, was born
+in Cambridge, Massachusetts, about the year 1807. Her father, Mr.
+Timothy Fuller, was a lawyer, and from 1817 to 1825 he represented
+the Middlesex district in Congress. At the close of his last term as
+a legislator he purchased a farm near Cambridge, and determined to
+abandon his profession for the more congenial one of agriculture; but
+he died soon after, leaving a widow and six children, of whom Margaret
+was the eldest.
+
+At a very early age she exhibited unusual abilities, and was
+particularly distinguished for an extraordinary facility in acquiring
+languages. Her father, proud of the displays of her intelligence,
+prematurely stimulated it to a degree that was ultimately injurious to
+her physical constitution. At eight years of age he was accustomed to
+require of her the composition of a number of Latin verses every day,
+while her studies in philosophy, history, general science and current
+literature were pressed to the limit of her capacities. When he first
+went to Washington he was accustomed to speak of her as one "better
+skilled in Greek and Latin than half of the professors;" and alluding
+in one of her essays, to her attachment to foreign literature, she
+herself observes that in childhood she had well-nigh forgotten her
+English while constantly reading in other tongues.
+
+Soon after the death of her father, she applied herself to teaching
+as a vocation, first in Boston, then in Providence, and afterward
+in Boston again, while her "Conversations" were for several seasons
+attended by classes of women, some of them married, and many of them
+of the most eminent positions in society. These conversations are
+described by Dr. Orestes A. Brownson, as "in the highest degree
+brilliant, instructive, and inspiring," and our own recollections of
+them confirm to us the justice of the applause with which they are
+now referred to. She made her first appearance as an author, in a
+translation of Eckermann's Conversations with Goethe, published in
+Boston in 1839. When Mr. Emerson, in the following year, established
+_The Dial_, she became one of the principal contributors to that
+remarkable periodical, in which she wrote many of the most striking
+papers on literature, art, and society. In the summer of 1843 she made
+a journey to the Sault St. Marie, and in the next spring published
+in Boston reminiscences of her tour, under the title of Summer on the
+Lakes. _The Dial_ having been discontinued, she came to reside in New
+York, where she had charge of the literary department of the New York
+_Tribune_, which acquired a great accession of reputation from her
+critical essays. Here in 1845 she published Woman in the Nineteenth
+Century; and in 1846, Papers on Literature and Art, in two volumes,
+consisting of essays and reviews, reprinted, with one exception, from
+periodicals.
+
+In the summer of 1845, she accompanied the family of a friend to
+Europe, visiting England, Scotland, and France, and passing through
+Italy to Rome, where they spent the ensuing winter. The next spring
+she proceeded with her friends to the north of Italy, and there
+stopped, spending most of the summer at Florence, and returning at
+the approach of winter to Rome, where she was soon after married to
+Giovanni, Marquis d'Ossoli, who made her acquaintance during her first
+winter in that city. They resided in the Roman States until the last
+summer, after the surrender of Rome to the French army, when they
+deemed it expedient to go to Florence, both having taken an active
+part in the Republican movement. They left Florence in June, and
+at Leghorn embarked in the ship Elizabeth for New York. The passage
+commenced auspiciously, but at Gibraltar the master of the ship died
+of smallpox, and they were detained at the quarantine there some time
+in consequence of this misfortune, but finally set sail again on the
+8th of June, and arrived on our coast during the terrible storm of
+the 18th and 19th ult., when, in the midst of darkness, rain, and a
+terrific gale, the ship was hurled on the breakers of Fire Island,
+near Long Island, and in a few hours was broken in pieces. Margaret
+Fuller d'Ossoli, the Marquis d'Ossoli, and their son, two years of
+age, with an Italian girl, and Mr. Horace Sumner of Boston, besides
+several of the crew, lost their lives. We reprint a sketch of the
+works and genius of Margaret Fuller, written several years ago by the
+late Edgar A. Poe.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Miss Fuller was at one time editor, or one of the editors of the
+'The Dial,' to which she contributed many of the most forcible and
+certainly some of the most peculiar papers. She is known, too, by
+'Summer on the Lakes,' a remarkable assemblage of sketches, issued
+in 1844, by Little & Brown, of Boston. More lately she published
+'Woman in the Nineteenth Century,' a work which has occasioned much
+discussion, having had the good fortune to be warmly abused and
+chivalrously defended. For '_The New York Tribune_,' she has furnished
+a great variety of matter, chiefly notices of new books, etc., etc.,
+her articles being designated by an asterisk. Two of the best of them
+were a review of Professor Longfellow's late magnificent edition
+of his own works, (with a portrait,) and an appeal to the public
+in behalf of her friend Harro Harring. The review did her infinite
+credit; it was frank, candid, independent--in even ludicrous contrast
+to the usual mere glorifications of the day, giving honor _only_ where
+honor was due, yet evincing the most thorough capacity to appreciate
+and the most sincere intention to place in the fairest light the real
+and idiosyncratic merits of the poet. In my opinion it is one of the
+very few reviews of Longfellow's poems, ever published in America,
+of which the critics have not had abundant reason to be ashamed. Mr.
+Longfellow is entitled to a certain and very distinguished rank among
+the poets of his country, but that country is disgraced by the evident
+toadyism which would award to his social position and influence, to
+his fine paper and large type, to his morocco binding and gilt edges,
+to his flattering portrait of himself, and to the illustrations of his
+poems by Huntingdon, that amount of indiscriminate approbation which
+neither could nor would have been given to the poems themselves. The
+defense of Harro Harring, or rather the philippic against those who
+were doing him wrong, was one of the most eloquent and well-_put_
+articles I have ever yet seen in a newspaper.
+
+"'Woman in the Nineteenth Century' is a book which few women in the
+country could have written, and no woman in the country would
+have published, with the exception of Miss Fuller. In the way of
+independence, of unmitigated radicalism, it is one of the 'Curiosities
+of American Literature,' and Doctor Griswold should include it in
+his book. I need scarcely say that the essay is nervous, forcible,
+suggestive, brilliant, and to a certain extent scholar-like--for
+all that Miss Fuller produces is entitled to these epithets--but I
+must say that the conclusions reached are only in part my own. Not
+that they are bold, by any means--too novel, too startling or too
+dangerous in their consequences, but that in their attainment too many
+premises have been distorted, and too many analogical inferences left
+altogether out of sight. I mean to say that the intention of the Deity
+as regards sexual differences--an intention which can be distinctly
+comprehended only by throwing the exterior (more sensitive) portions
+of the mental retina _casually_ over the wide field of universal
+_analogy_--I mean to say that this _intention_ has not been
+sufficiently considered. Miss Fuller has erred, too, through her own
+excessive objectiveness. She judges _woman_ by the heart and intellect
+of Miss Fuller, but there are not more than one or two dozen Miss
+Fullers on the whole face of the earth. Holding these opinions in
+regard to 'Woman in the Nineteenth Century,' I still feel myself
+called upon to disavow the silly, condemnatory criticism of the
+work which appeared in one of the earlier numbers of "_The Broadway
+Journal_." That article was _not_ written by myself, and _was_ written
+by my associate, Mr. Briggs.
+
+"The most favorable estimate of Miss Fuller's genius (for high genius
+she unquestionably possesses) is to be obtained, perhaps, from her
+contributions to 'The Dial,' and from her 'Summer on the Lakes.' Many
+of the _descriptions_ in this volume are unrivaled for _graphicality_,
+(why is there not such a word?) for the force with which they convey
+the true by the novel or unexpected, by the introduction of touches
+which other artists would be sure to omit as irrelevant to the
+subject. This faculty, too, springs from her subjectiveness, which
+leads her to paint a scene less by its features than by its effects.
+
+"Here, for example, is a portion of her account of Niagara:--
+
+    "'Daily these proportions widened and towered more and more
+    upon my sight, and I got at last a proper foreground for these
+    sublime distances. Before coming away, I think I really saw
+    the full wonder of the scene. After a while it _so drew me
+    into itself as to inspire an undefined dread, such as I never
+    knew before, such as may be felt when death is about to usher
+    us into a new existence_. The perpetual trampling of the
+    waters seized my senses. _I felt that no other sound, however
+    near, could be heard, and would start and look behind me for a
+    foe_. I realised the identity of that mood of nature in which
+    these waters were poured down with such absorbing force, with
+    that in which the Indian was shaped on the same soil. For
+    continually upon my mind came, unsought and unwelcome, _images
+    such as had never haunted it before, of naked savages stealing
+    behind me with uplifted tomahawks_. Again and again this
+    illusion recurred, and even _after I had thought it over, and
+    tried to shake it off, I could not help starting and looking
+    behind me_. What I liked best was to sit on Table Rock close
+    to the great fall; _there all power of observing details, all
+    separate consciousness was quite lost_.'
+
+"The truthfulness of the passages italicized will be felt by all; the
+feelings described are, perhaps, experienced by every (imaginative)
+person who visits the fall; but most persons, through predominant
+subjectiveness, would scarcely be conscious of the feelings, or, at
+best, would never think of employing them in an attempt to convey to
+others an impression of the scene. Hence so many desperate failures to
+convey it on the part of ordinary tourists. Mr. William W. Lord, to be
+sure, in his poem 'Niagara,' is sufficiently objective; he describes
+not the fall, but very properly, the effect of the fall upon _him_.
+He says that it made him think of his _own_ greatness, of his _own_
+superiority, and so forth, and so forth; and it is only when we
+come to think that the thought of Mr. Lord's greatness is quite
+idiosyncratic confined exclusively to Mr. Lord, that we are in
+condition to understand how, in spite of his objectiveness he has
+failed to convey an idea of anything beyond one Mr. William W. Lord.
+
+"From the essay entitled 'Philip Van Artevelde, I copy a paragraph
+which will serve at once to exemplify Miss Fuller's more earnest
+(declamatory) style, and to show the tenor of her prospective
+speculations:--
+
+    "'At Chicago I read again 'Philip Van Artevelde,' and certain
+    passages in it will always be in my mind associated with the
+    deep sound of the lake, as heard in the night. I used to read
+    a short time at night, and then open the blind to look out.
+    The moon would be full upon the lake, and the calm breath,
+    pure light, and the deep voice, harmonized well with the
+    thought of the Flemish hero. When will this country have
+    such a man? It is what she needs--no thin Idealist, no coarse
+    Realist, but a man whose eye reads the heavens while his
+    feet step firmly on the ground, and his hands are strong and
+    dexterous in the use of human instruments. A man, religious,
+    virtuous, and--sagacious; a man of universal sympathies, but
+    self-possessed; a man who knows the region of emotion, though
+    he is not its slave; a man to whom this world is no mere
+    spectacle or fleeting shadow, but a great, solemn game, to be
+    played with good heed, for its stakes are of eternal value,
+    yet who, if his own play be true, heeds not what he loses by
+    the falsehood of others. A man who lives from the past, yet
+    knows that its honey can but moderately avail him; whose
+    comprehensive eye scans the present, neither infatuated by its
+    golden lures nor chilled by its many ventures; who possesses
+    prescience, as the wise man must, but not so far as to be
+    driven mad to-day by the gift which discerns to-morrow. When
+    there is such a man for America, the thought which urges her
+    on will be expressed."
+
+"From what I have quoted, a _general_ conception of the prose style
+of the authoress may be gathered. Her manner, however, is infinitely
+varied. It is always forcible--but I am not sure that it is always
+anything else, unless I say picturesque. It rather indicates than
+evinces scholarship. Perhaps only the scholastic, or, more properly,
+those accustomed to look narrowly at the structure of phrases, would
+be willing to acquit her of ignorance of grammar--would be willing
+to attribute her slovenliness to disregard of the shell in anxiety
+for the kernel; or to waywardness, or to affectation, or to blind
+reverence to Carlyle--would be able to detect, in her strange and
+continual inaccuracies, a capacity for the accurate.
+
+    "'I cannot sympathize with such an apprehension; the spectacle
+    is _capable to_ swallow _up_ all such objects."
+
+    "It is fearful, too, to know, as you look, that whatever has
+    been swallowed by the cataract, is _like_ to rise suddenly to
+    light."
+
+    "I took our _mutual_ friends to see her."
+
+    "It was always obvious that they had nothing in common
+    _between them_."
+
+    "The Indian cannot be looked at truly _except_ by a poetic
+    eye."
+
+    "McKenny's Tour to the Lakes gives some facts not to be met
+    _with_ elsewhere."
+
+    "There is that mixture of culture and rudeness in the aspect
+    of things _as_ gives a feeling of freedom," etc., etc.
+
+"These are merely a few, a very few instances, taken at random from
+among a multitude of _willful_ murders committed by Miss Fuller on
+the American of President Polk. She uses, too, the word 'ignore,' a
+vulgarity adopted only of late days (and to no good purpose, since
+there is no necessity for it) from the barbarisms of the law, and
+makes no scruple of giving the Yankee interpretation to the verbs
+'witness' and 'realize,' to say nothing of 'use,' as in the sentence,
+'I used to read a short time at night.' It will not do to say in
+defense of such words, that in such senses they may be found in
+certain dictionaries--in that of Bolles', for instance;--_some_ kind
+of 'authority' may be found for _any_ kind of vulgarity under the sun.
+
+"In spite of these things, however and of her frequent unjustifiable
+Carlyleisms, (such as that of writing sentences which are no
+sentences, since, to be parsed, reference must be had to sentences
+preceding,) the style of Miss Fuller is one of the very best with
+which I am acquainted. In general effect, I know no style which
+surpasses it. It is singularly piquant, vivid, terse, bold,
+luminous--leaving details out of sight, it is everything that a style
+need be.
+
+"I believe that Miss Fuller has written much poetry, although she has
+published little. That little is tainted with the affectation of the
+_transcendentalists_, (I used this term, of course, in the sense which
+the public of late days seem resolved to give it,) but is brimful of
+the poetic _sentiment_. Here, for example, is something in Coleridge's
+manner, of which the author of 'Genevieve' might have had no reason to
+be ashamed:--
+
+  A maiden sat beneath a tree;
+  Tear-bedewed her pale cheeks be,
+  And she sighed heavily.
+
+  From forth the wood into the _light_
+  A hunter strides with carol _light_
+  And a glance so bold and bright.
+
+  He careless stopped and eyed the maid;
+  'Why weepest thou?' he gently said;
+  'I love thee well, be not afraid.'
+
+  He takes her hand and leads her on--
+  She should have waited there alone,
+  For he was not her chosen one.
+
+  He _leans_ her head upon his breast--
+  She knew 'twas not her home of rest,
+  But, ah! she had been sore distrest.
+
+  The sacred stars looked sadly down;
+  The parting moon appeared to frown,
+  To see thus dimmed the diamond crown.
+
+  Then from the thicket starts a deer--
+  The huntsman seizing _on_ his spear
+  Cries, 'Maiden, wait thou for me here.'
+
+  She sees him vanish into night--
+  She starts from sleep in deep affright,
+  For it was not her own true knight.
+
+  Though but in dream Gunhilda failed--
+  Though but a fancied ill assailed--
+  Though she but fancied fault bewailed--
+
+  Yet thought of day makes dream of night;
+  She is not worthy of the knight;
+  The inmost altar burns not bright.
+
+  If loneliness thou canst not bear--
+  Cannot the dragon's venom dare--
+  Of the pure meed thou shouldst despair.
+
+  Now sadder that lone maiden sighs;
+  Far bitterer tears profane her eyes;
+  Crushed in the dust her heart's flower lies.'
+
+"To show the evident carelessness with which this poem was
+constructed, I have italicized an identical rhyme (of about the same
+force in versification as an identical proposition in logic) and two
+grammatical improprieties. _To lean_ is a neuter verb, and 'seizing
+_on_' is not properly to be called a pleonasm, merely because it
+is--nothing at all. The concluding line is difficult of pronunciation
+through excess of consonants. I should have preferred, indeed, the
+ante-penultimate tristich as the _finale_ of the poem.
+
+"The supposition that the book of an author is a thing apart from the
+author's self, is, I think, ill-founded. The soul is a cipher, in the
+sense of a cryptograph; and the shorter a cryptograph is, the more
+difficulty there is in its comprehension--at a certain point of
+brevity it would bid defiance to an army of Champollions. And thus
+he who has written very little, may in that little either conceal his
+spirit or convey quite an erroneous idea of it--of his acquirements,
+talents, temper, manner, tenor and depth (or shallowness) of
+thought--in a word of his character, of himself. But this is
+impossible with him who has written much. Of such a person we get,
+from his books, not merely a just, but the most just representation.
+Bulwer, the individual, personal man, in a green velvet waistcoat and
+amber gloves, is not by any means the veritable Sir Edward Lytton,
+who is discoverable only in 'Ernest Maltravers,' where his soul is
+deliberately and nakedly set forth. And who would ever know Dickens by
+looking at him or talking with him, or doing anything with him except
+reading his 'Curiosity Shop?' What poet, in especial, but must feel
+at least the better portion of himself more fairly represented in even
+his commonest sonnet, (earnestly written,) than in his most elaborate
+or most intimate personalities?
+
+"I put all this as a general proposition, to which Miss Fuller affords
+a marked exception--to this extent, that her personal character and
+her printed book are merely one and the same thing. We get access
+to her soul _as_ directly from the one as from the other--no _more_
+readily from this than from that--easily from either. Her acts are
+bookish, and her books are less thoughts than acts. Her literary and
+her conversational manner are identical. Here is a passage from her
+'Summer on the Lakes:'--
+
+    "'The rapids enchanted me far beyond what I expected; they
+    are so swift that they cease to _seem_ so--you can think
+    only of their _beauty_. The fountain beyond the Moss Islands
+    I discovered for myself, and thought it for some time an
+    _accidental_ beauty which it would not do to _leave_, lest
+    I might never see it again. After I found it _permanent_, I
+    returned many times to watch the play of its crest. In the
+    little waterfall, beyond, Nature seems, as she often does, to
+    have made a _study_ for some larger design. She delights in
+    this--a sketch within a sketch--a dream within _a dream_.
+    Wherever we see it, the lines of the great buttress in the
+    fragment of stone, the hues of the waterfall, copied in the
+    flowers that _star_ its bordering mosses, we are _delighted_;
+    for all the lineaments become _fluent_, and we mould the scene
+    in congenial thought with its _genius_.'
+
+"Now all this is precisely as Miss Fuller would _speak_ it. She is
+perpetually saying just such things in just such words. To get the
+_conversational_ woman in the mind's eye, all that is needed is to
+imagine her reciting the paragraph just quoted: but first let us have
+the _personal_ woman. She is of the medium height; nothing remarkable
+about the figure; a profusion of lustrous light hair; eyes a bluish
+gray, full of fire; capacious forehead; the mouth when in repose
+indicates profound sensibility, capacity for affection, for love--when
+moved by a slight smile, it becomes even beautiful in the intensity
+of this expression; but the upper lip, as if impelled by the action
+of involuntary muscles, habitually uplifts itself, conveying the
+impression of a sneer. Imagine, now, a person of this description
+looking at you one moment earnestly in the face, at the next seeming
+to look only within her own spirit or at the wall; moving nervously
+every now and then in her chair; speaking in a high key, but
+musically, deliberately, (not hurriedly or loudly,) with a delicious
+distinctness of enunciation--speaking, I say, the paragraph in
+question, and emphasizing the words which I have italicized, not by
+impulsion of the breath, (as is usual) but by drawing them out as long
+as possible, nearly closing her eyes, the while--imagine all this, and
+we have both the woman and the authoress before us."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[FROM THE NEW YORK TRIBUNE.]
+
+ON THE DEATH OF S. MARGARET FULLER.
+
+BY G.F.R. JAMES
+
+  High hopes and bright thine early path bedecked,
+    And aspirations beautiful, though wild,
+  A heart too strong, a powerful will unchecked,
+    A dream that earth-things could be undefiled.
+
+  But soon, around thee, grew a golden chain,
+    That bound the woman to more human things,
+  And taught with joy--and, it may be, with pain--
+    That there are limits e'en to Spirits' wings.
+
+  Husband and child--the loving and beloved--
+    Won, from the vast of thought, a mortal part,
+  The empassioned wife and mother, yielding, proved
+    Mind has, itself, a master--in the heart.
+
+  In distant lands enhaloed by old fame
+    Thou found'st the only chain the spirit knew,
+  But, captive, led'st thy captors from the shame
+    Of ancient freedom, to the pride of new.
+
+  And loved hearts clung around thee on the deck,
+    Welling with sunny hopes 'neath sunny skies;
+  The wide horizon round thee had no speck;
+    E'en Doubt herself could see no cloud arise.
+
+  The loved ones clung around thee, when the sail,
+    O'er wide Atlantic billows, onward bore
+  Thy freight of joys, and the expanding gale
+    Pressed the glad bark toward thy native shore.
+
+  The loved ones clung around thee still, when all
+    Was darkness, tempest, terror, and dismay--
+  More closely clung around thee, when the pall
+    Of fate was falling o'er the mortal clay.
+
+  With them to live--with them, with them to die--
+    Sublime of human love intense and fine!
+  Was thy last prayer unto the Deity,
+    And it was granted thee by love divine.
+
+  In the same billow--in the same dark grave--
+    Mother, and child, and husband find their rest.
+  The dream is ended; and the solemn wave
+    Gives back the gifted to her country's breast.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+An Illustration of the high prices paid to fortunate artists in these
+times may be found in the fact that Alboni, the famous contralto
+singer, has been engaged to sing at Madrid, at the enormous rate of
+$400 dollars per day, while Roger, the tenor, who used to sing at the
+Comic Opera at Paris, and who was transplanted to the Grand Opera to
+assist in the production of Meyerbeer's "Prophet," has been engaged
+to sing with her at the more moderate salary of $8000 a month. This
+is almost equal to the extravagant sum guaranteed to Jenny Lind for
+performing in this country. It would be a curious inquiry why singers
+and dancers are always paid so much more exorbitantly than painters,
+sculptors or musical composers, especially as the pleasure they
+confer is of a merely evanescent character, while the works of the
+latter remain a perpetual source of delight and refinement to all
+generations.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FRASER'S MAGAZINE UPON THE POETS AND POETRY OF AMERICA.
+
+The last number of _Fraser's Magazine_ has a long article upon THE
+POETS AND POETRY OF AMERICA, in which the subject is treated with more
+than the customary civility of English criticism upon this subject. We
+are half inclined, indeed, to believe the article was written "above
+Bleecker," or by an inhabitant of that quarter now in London. Omitting
+the illustrative extracts, we copy the greater portion of the review,
+in which most of those who are admitted to be poets are characterized.
+
+"When Halleck said of New York--
+
+            Our fourteen wards
+  Contain some seven-and-thirty-bards,
+
+he rather understated than exaggerated the fact. Mr. Griswold, besides
+the ninety regular poets in his collection, gives an appendix of about
+seventy fugitive pieces by as many authors; and bitter complaints
+have been made against him in various quarters for not including
+some seventy, or a hundred and seventy more, 'who,' it is said, and
+probably with truth, 'have as good a right to be there as many of
+those admitted.' Still it is possible to pick out a few of general
+reputation, whom literati from all parts of the Union would agree
+in sustaining as specimens of distinguished American poets, though
+they would differ in assigning their relative position. Thus, if the
+Republic had to choose a laureate, Boston would probably deposit a
+nearly unanimous vote for Longfellow; the suffrages of New York might
+he divided between Bryant and Halleck; and the southern cities would
+doubtless give a large majority for Poe. But these gentlemen, and
+some three or four more, would be acknowledged by all as occupying
+the first rank. Perhaps, on the whole, the preponderance of native
+authority justifies us in heading the list with Bryant, who, at any
+rate, has the additional title of seniority in authorship, if not in
+actual years.
+
+"William Cullen Bryant is, as we learn from Mr. Griswold, about
+fifty-five years old, and was born in Massachusetts, though his
+literary career is chiefly associated with New York, of which he is
+a resident. With a precocity extraordinary, even in a country where
+precocity is the rule instead of the exception, he began to write _and
+publish_ at the age of thirteen, and has, therefore, been full forty
+years before the American public, and that not in the capacity of
+poet alone--having for more than half that period edited the _Evening
+Post_, one of the ablest and most respectable papers in the United
+States, and the oldest organ, we believe, of the Democratic party in
+New York. He has been called, and with justice, a poet of nature.
+The prairie solitude, the summer evening landscape, the night wind of
+autumn, the water-bird flitting homeward through the twilight--such
+are the favorite subjects of inspiration. _Thanatopsis_, one of
+his most admired pieces, was written at the age of _eighteen_, and
+exhibits a finish of style, no less than a maturity of thought, very
+remarkable for so youthful a production. Mr. Bryant's poems have
+been for some years pretty well known on this side the water,--better
+known, at any rate, than any other transatlantic verses; on which
+account, being somewhat limited for space, we forbear to make any
+extracts from them.
+
+"FITZ-GREENE HALLECK is also a New-Englander by birth and a New Yorker
+by adoption. He is Bryant's contemporary and friend, but the spirit
+and style of his versification are very different; and so, it is
+said, are his political affinities. While Bryant is a bulwark of
+the Democracy, Halleck is reported to be not only an admirer of the
+obsolete Federalists, but an avowed Monarchist. To be sure, this is
+only his private reputation: no trace of such a feeling is observable
+in his writings, which show throughout a sturdy vein of republicanism,
+social and political. In truth, the party classification of American
+literary men is apt to puzzle the uninitiated. Thus Washington Irving
+is said to belong to the Democrats; but it would be hard to find in
+his writings anything countenancing their claim upon him. His sketches
+of English society are a panegyric of old institutions; and the fourth
+book of his _Knickerbocker_ is throughout a palpable satire on the
+administration of Thomas Jefferson, the great apostle of Democracy.
+Perhaps, however, he may since have changed his views. Willis, too,
+the 'Free Penciler,' who has been half his life prating about lords
+and ladies, and great people, and has become a sort of Jenkins to
+the fashionable life of New York; he also is one of the Democratic
+party. Peradventure he may vote the 'Locofoco ticket' in the hope
+of propitiating _the boys_ (as the _canaille_ of American cities are
+properly called), and saving his printing-office from the fate of the
+Italian Opera House in Astor Place. But what shall we say of Cooper,
+who, by his anti-democratic opinions, has made himself one of the most
+unpopular men in his country, and whose recent political novels rival
+the writings of Judge Haliburton in the virulence as well as the
+cleverness of their satire upon Republican institutions? He, too, is
+a Democrat. To us, who are not behind the curtain, these things are
+a mystery incapable of explanation. To return to our present subject.
+Halleck made his _debut_ in the poetical world by some satirical
+pieces called _The Croakers_, which created as much sensation at their
+appearance as the anonymous _Salmagundi_ which commenced Irving's
+literary career. These were succeeded by _Fanny_, a poem in the
+_Don Juan_ metre. _Fanny_ has no particular plot or story, but is a
+satirical review of all the celebrities, literary, fashionable, and
+political, of New York at that day (1821). And the satire was probably
+very good at the time and in the place; but, unfortunately for the
+extent and permanence of its reputation, most of these celebrities are
+utterly unknown, not merely beyond the limits of the Union, but beyond
+those of New York. Among all the personages enumerated we can find
+but two names that an European reader would be likely to know anything
+about,--Clinton and Van Buren. Nay, more, in the rapid growth and
+change of things American, the present generation of New Yorkers are
+likely to lose sight of the lions of their immediate progenitors; and
+unless some Manhattanese scholiast should write a commentary on the
+poem in time, its allusions, and with them most of its wit, will be
+in danger of perishing entirely. What we _can_ judge of in _Fanny_ are
+one or two graceful lyrics interspersed in it, though even these are
+marred by untimely comicality and local allusions. The nominal hero,
+while wandering about at night after the wreck of his fortunes, hears
+a band playing outside a public place of entertainment. It must have
+been a better band than that which now, from the Museum opposite the
+Astor House, drives to frenzy the hapless stranger.... In Halleck's
+subsequent productions the influence of Campbell is more perceptible
+than that of Byron, and with manifest advantage. It may be said of his
+compositions, as it can be affirmed of few American verses, that they
+have a real innate harmony, something not dependent on the number of
+syllables in each line, or capable of being dissected out into feet,
+but growing in them, as it were, and created by the fine ear of the
+writer. Their sentiments, too, are exalted and ennobling; eminently
+genial and honest, they stamp the author for a good man and
+true,--Nature's aristocracy.... For some unexplained reason Halleck
+has not written, or at least not published, anything new for several
+years, though continually solicited to do so; for he is a great
+favorite with his countrymen, especially with the New Yorkers. His
+time, however, has been by no means passed in idleness. Fashionable
+as writing is in America, it is not considered desirable or, indeed,
+altogether reputable, that the poet should be _only_ a poet. Halleck
+has been in business most of his life; and was lately head-clerk
+of the wealthy merchant, John Jacob Astor, who left him a handsome
+annuity. This was increased by Mr. Astor's son and heir, a man of
+well-known liberality; so that between the two there is a chance
+of the poet's being enabled to 'meditate the tuneful Muse' for the
+remainder of his days free from all distractions of business.
+
+"LONGFELLOW, the pet poet of Boston, is a much younger man than either
+Bryant or Halleck, and has made his reputation only within the last
+twelve years, during which time he has been one of the most noted
+lions of American Athens. The city of Boston, as every one knows who
+has been there, or who has met with any book or man emanating from
+it, claims to be the literary metropolis of the United States, and
+assumes the slightly-pretending _soubriquet_ just quoted. The American
+Athenians have their thinking and writing done for them by a coterie
+whose distinctive characteristics are Socinianism in theology, a
+praeter-Puritan prudery in ethics, a German tendency in metaphysics,
+and throughout all a firm persuasion that Boston is the fountain-head
+of art, scholarship, and literature for the western world, and
+particularly that New York is a Nazareth in such things, out of which
+can come nothing good. For the Bostonians, who certainly cultivate
+literature with more general devotion, if not always with more
+individual success than the New Yorkers, can never forgive their
+commercial neighbors for possessing by birth the two most eminent
+prose-writers of the country--Irving and Cooper; and by adoption, two
+of the leading poets--Bryant and Halleck. Nor are the good people of
+the 'Empire State' slow to resent these exhibitions of small jealousy;
+but, on the contrary, as the way of the world is, they are apt to
+retort by greater absurdities. So shy are they of appearing to be
+guided by the dicta of their eastern friends, that to this day there
+is scarcely man or woman on Manhattan Island who will confess a
+liking for Tennyson, Mrs. Barrett Browning, or Robert Browning, simply
+because these poets were taken up and patronized (metaphorically
+speaking, of course,) by the 'Mutual Admiration Society' of Boston.
+
+"The immediate influences of this _camaraderie_ are highly flattering
+and apparently beneficial to the subject of them, but its ultimate
+effects are most injurious to the proper development of his powers.
+When the merest trifles that a man throws off are inordinately
+praised, he soon becomes content with producing the merest trifles.
+Longfellow has grown unaccustomed to do himself justice. Half his
+volumes are filled up with translations; graceful and accurate,
+indeed; but translations, and often from originals of very moderate
+merit. His last original poem, _Evangeline_, is a sort of pastoral
+in hexameters. The resuscitation of this classical metre had a queer
+effect upon the American quidnuncs. Some of the _critics_ evidently
+believed it to be a bran-new metre invented for the nonce by the
+author, a delusion which they of the 'Mutual Admiration' rather winked
+at; and the parodists who endeavored to ridicule the new measure were
+evidently not quite sure whether seven feet or nine made a hexameter.
+It is really to be regretted that Longfellow has been cajoled into
+playing these tricks with himself, for his earlier pieces were works
+of much promise, and, had they been worthily followed out, might
+have entitled him to a high place among the poets of the language....
+Longfellow's poetry, whenever he really lays himself out to write
+poetry, has a definite idea and purpose in it--no small merit
+now-a-days. His versification is generally harmonious, and he displays
+a fair command of metre. Sometimes he takes a fancy to an obsolete
+or out-of-the-way stanza; one of his longest and best poems, _The
+Skeleton in Armor_, is exactly in the measure of Drayton's fine
+ballad on Agincourt. His chief fault is an over-fondness for simile
+and metaphor. He seems to think indispensable the introduction into
+everything he writes of a certain (or sometimes a very uncertain)
+number of these figures. Accordingly his poems are crowded with
+comparisons, sometimes very pretty and pleasing, at others so
+far-fetched that the string of tortured images which lead off Alfred
+de Musset's bizarre _Ode to the Moon_ can hardly equal them. This
+_making figures_ (whether from any connection with the calculating
+habits of the people or not) is a terrible propensity of American
+writers, whether of prose or verse. Their orators are especial sinners
+in this respect. We have seen speeches stuck as full of metaphors
+(more or less mixed) as Burton's _Anatomy_ is of quotations.
+
+"Such persons as know from experience that literary people are not
+always in private life what their writings would betoken, that
+Miss Bunions do not precisely resemble March violets, and mourners
+upon paper may be laughers over mahogany--such persons will not be
+surprised to hear that the Longfellow is a very jolly fellow, a lover
+of fun and good dinners, and of an amiability and personal popularity
+that have aided not a little the popularity of his writings in
+verse and prose--for he writes prose too, prettier, quainter, more
+figurative, and more poetic if anything, than his poetry. He is also a
+professor at Harvard College, near Boston.
+
+"EDGAR A. POE, like Longfellow and most of the other American poets,
+wrote prose as well as poetry, having produced a number of wild,
+grotesque, and powerfully-imagined tales; unlike most of them he was
+a literary man _pur sang_. He depended for support entirely on his
+writings, and his career was more like the precarious existence of
+an author in the time of Johnson and Savage than the decent life of
+an author in our own day. He was a Southerner by birth, acquired a
+liberal education, and what the French call 'expansive' tastes, was
+adopted by a rich relative, quarreled with him, married 'for love,'
+and lived by editing magazines in Richmond, Philadelphia, and New
+York; by delivering lectures (the never-failing last resort of the
+American literary adventurer); by the occasional subscriptions of
+compassionate acquaintances or admiring friends--any way he could--for
+eighteen or nineteen years: lost his wife, involved himself in endless
+difficulties, and finally died in what should have been the prime of
+his life, about six months ago. His enemies attributed his untimely
+death to intemperance; his writings would rather lead to the belief
+that he was an habitual taker of opium. If it make a man a poet to be
+
+  Dowered with the hate of hate, the scorn of scorn,
+  The love of love,
+
+Poe was certainly a poet. Virulently and ceaselessly abused by his
+enemies (who included a large portion of the press), he was worshiped
+to infatuation by his friends. The severity of his editorial
+criticisms, and the erratic course of his life, fully account for the
+former circumstance; the latter is probably to be attributed, in part
+at least, to pity for his mishaps.
+
+"If Longfellow's poetry is best designated as quaint, Poe's may most
+properly be characterized as fantastic. The best of it reminds one
+of Tennyson, not by any direct imitation of particular passages, but
+by its general air and tone. But he was very far from possessing
+Tennyson's fine ear for melody. His skill in versification, sometimes
+striking enough, was evidently artificial; he overstudied metrical
+expression and overrated its value so as sometimes to write, what
+were little better than nonsense-verses, for the rhythm. He had an
+incurable propensity for refrains, and when he had once caught a
+harmonious cadence, appeared to think it could not be too often
+repeated. Poe's name is usually mentioned in connection with _The
+Raven_, a poem which he published about five years ago. It had an
+immense run, and gave rise to innumerable parodies--those tests of
+notoriety if not of merit. And certainly it is not without a peculiar
+and fantastic excellence in the execution, while the conception is
+highly striking and poetic. This much notice seems due to a poem which
+created such a sensation in the author's country. To us it seems by
+no means the best of Poe's productions; we much prefer, for instance,
+this touching allegory, which was originally embodied in one of his
+wildest tales, _The Haunted Palace_. In the very same volume with this
+are some verses that Poe wrote when a boy, and some that a boy might
+be ashamed of writing. Indeed the secret of rejection seems to be
+little known to Transatlantic bards. The rigidness of self-criticism
+which led Tennyson to ignore and annihilate, so far as in him lay,
+full one half of his earlier productions, would hardly be understood
+by them. This is particularly unlucky in the case of Poe, whose rhymes
+sometimes run fairly away with him, till no purpose or meaning is
+traceable amid a jingle of uncommon and fine-sounding words....
+
+"Though Poe was a Southerner, his poetry has nothing in it suggestive
+of his peculiar locality. It is somewhat remarkable that the
+slave-holding, which has tried almost all other means of excusing or
+justifying itself before the world, did not think of 'keeping a poet,'
+and engaging the destitute author from its own territory to sing the
+praises of 'the patriarchal institution.' And it would have been
+a fair provocation that the Abolitionists had their poet already.
+Indeed several of the northern poets have touched upon this subject;
+Longfellow, in particular, has published a series of spirited
+and touching anti-slavery poems; but the man who has made it his
+_specialite_ is JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER, a Quaker, literary editor of
+the _National Era_, an Abolition and ultra-Radical paper, which, in
+manful despite of Judge Lynch, is published at Washington, between the
+slave-pens and the capitol. His verses are certainly obnoxious to the
+jurisdiction of that notorious popular potentate, being unquestionably
+'inflammatory, incendiary, and insurrectionary,' as the Southern
+formula goes, in a very high degree. He makes passionate appeals to
+the Puritan spirit of New England, and calls on her sons to utter
+their voice,
+
+  ... From all her wild green mountains,
+    From valleys where her slumbering fathers lie,
+  From her blue rivers and her welling fountains,
+        And clear cold sky--
+  From her rough coast, and isles, which hungry Ocean
+    Gnaws with his surges--from the fisher's skiff,
+  With white sails swaying to the billow's motion
+        Round rock and cliff--
+  From the free fireside of her unbought farmer,
+    From her free laborer at his loom and wheel.
+  From the brown smithy where, beneath the hammer,
+        Rings the red steel--
+  From each and all, if God hath not forsaken
+    Our land and left us to an evil choice;--
+
+"and protest against the shocking anomaly of slavery in a free
+country. At times, when deploring the death of some fellow laborer in
+the cause, he falls into a somewhat subdued strain, though even then
+there is more of spirit and fire in his verses than one naturally
+expects from a follower of George Fox; but on such occasions he
+displays a more careful and harmonious versification than is his
+wont. There is no scarcity of these elegies in his little volume,
+the _Abolitionists_, even when they escape the attentions of the
+high legal functionary already alluded to, not being apparently a
+long-lived class.
+
+"_Toujours perdrix_ palls in poetry as in cookery; we grow tired after
+awhile of invectives against governors of slave-states and mercenary
+persons, and dirges for untimely perished Abolitionists. The wish
+suggests itself that Whittier would not always
+
+    'Give up to a party what is meant for mankind,'
+
+but sometimes turn his powers in another direction. Accordingly, it is
+a great relief to find him occasionally trying his hand on the early
+legends of New England and Canada, which do not suffer such ballads as
+_St. John_....
+
+"Whittier is less known than several other Western bards to the
+English reader, and we think him entitled to stand higher on the
+American Parnassus than most of his countrymen would place him. His
+faults--harshness and want of polish--are evident; but there is
+more life, and spirit, and soul in his verses, than in those of
+eight-ninths of Mr. Griswold's immortal ninety.
+
+"From political verse (for the anti-slavery agitation must be
+considered quite as much a political as a moral warfare) the
+transition is natural to satire and humorous poetry. Here we find no
+lack of matter, but a grievous short-coming in quality. The Americans
+are no contemptible humorists in prose, but their fun cannot be set
+to verse. They are very fond of writing parodies, yet we have scarcely
+ever seen a good parody of American origin. And their satire is
+generally more distinguished for personality and buffoonery than
+wit. Halleck's _Fanny_ looks as if it might be good, did we only know
+something of the people satirized in it. The reputed comic poet of the
+country at present is OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, a physician. Whether
+it was owing to the disappointment caused by hearing too much in his
+praise beforehand we will not pretend to say, but it certainly did
+seem to us that Dr. Holmes' efforts in this line must originally
+have been intended to act upon his patients emetically. After a
+conscientious perusal of the doctor, the most readable, and about the
+only presentable thing we can find in him, is the bit of seriocomic
+entitled _The Last Leaf_.
+
+"But within the last three years there has arisen in the United States
+a satirist of genuine excellence, who, however, besides being but
+moderately appreciated by his countrymen, seems himself in a great
+measure to have mistaken his real forte. JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL, one of
+the Boston coterie, has for some time been publishing verses, which
+are by the coterie duly glorified, but which are in no respect
+distinguishable from the ordinary level of American poetry, except
+that they combine an extraordinary pretension to originality, with a
+more than usually palpable imitation of English models. Indeed, the
+failure was so manifest, that the American literati seem, in this
+one case, to have rebelled against Boston dictation, and there is
+sufficient internal evidence that such of them as do duty for critics
+handled Mr. Lowell pretty severely. Violently piqued at this, and
+simultaneously conceiving a disgust for the Mexican war, he was
+impelled by both feelings to take the field as a satirist: to the
+former we owe the _Fable for Critics_; to the latter, the _Biglow
+Papers_. It was a happy move, for he has the rare faculty of writing
+_clever doggerel_. Take out the best of _Ingoldsby_, Campbell's rare
+piece of fun _The Friars of Dijon_, and perhaps a little of Walsh's
+_Aristophanes_, and there is no contemporary verse of the class with
+which Lowell's may not fearlessly stand a comparison; for, observe, we
+are not speaking of mock heroics like Bon Gaultier's, which are only
+a species of parody, but of real doggerel, the Rabelaisque of poetry.
+The _Fable_ is somewhat on the Ingoldsby model,--that is to say, a
+good part of its fun consists in queer rhymes, double, treble,
+or poly-syllabic; and it has even Barham's fault--an occasional
+over-consciousness of effort, and calling on the reader to admire, as
+if the _tour de force_ could not speak for itself. But _Ingoldsby's_
+rhymes will not give us a just idea of the _Fable_ until we superadd
+Hook's puns; for the fabulist has a pleasant knack of making
+puns--outrageous and unhesitating ones--exactly of the kind to set
+off the general style of his verse. The sternest critic could hardly
+help relaxing over such a bundle of them as are contained in Apollo's
+lament over the 'treeification' of his Daphne.... The _Fable_ is a
+sort of review in verse of American poets. Much of the Boston leaven
+runs through it; the wise men of the East are all glorified intensely,
+while Bryant and Halleck are studiously depreciated. But though thus
+freely exercising his own critical powers in verse, the author is most
+bitter against all critics in prose, and gives us a ludicrous picture
+of one--
+
+  A terrible fellow to meet in society,
+  Not the toast that he buttered was ever so dry at tea.
+
+And this gentleman is finely shown up for his condemnatory
+predilections and inability to discern or appreciate beauties. The
+cream of the joke against him is, that being sent by Apollo to
+choose a lily in a flower-garden, he brings back a thistle as all he
+could find. The picture is a humorous one, but we are at a loss to
+conjecture who can have sat for it in America, where the tendency
+is all the other way, reviewers being apt to apply the butter of
+adulation with the knife of profusion to every man, woman, or child
+who rushes into print. Some of his complaints, too, against the critic
+sound very odd; as, for instance, that
+
+  His lore was engraft, something foreign that grew in him.
+
+Surely the very meaning of _learning_ is that it is something which
+a man learns--_acquires_ from other sources--does not originate in
+himself. But it is a favorite practice with Mr. Lowell's set to rail
+against dry learning and pedants, while at the same time there are no
+men more fond of showing off cheap learning than themselves: Lowell
+himself never loses an opportunity of bringing in a bit of Greek or
+Latin. Our readers must have known such persons--for, unfortunately,
+the United States has no monopoly of them--men who delight in quoting
+Latin before ladies, talking Penny-Magazine science in the hearing of
+clodhoppers, and preaching of high art to youths who have never had
+the chance of seeing any art at all. _Then_ you will hear them say
+nothing about pedantry. But let a man be present who knows more Greek
+than they do, or who has a higher standard of poetry or painting or
+music, and wo be to him! Him they will persecute to the uttermost.
+What is to be done with such men but to treat them _a la_ Shandon,
+'Give them Burton's _Anatomy_, and leave them to their own abominable
+devices?'
+
+"The _Biglow Papers_ are imaginary epistles from a New England farmer,
+and contain some of the best specimens extant of the 'Yankee,' or New
+England dialect,--better than Haliburton's, for Sam Slick sometimes
+mixes Southern, Western, and even English vulgarities with his Yankee.
+Mr. Biglow's remarks treat chiefly of the Mexican war, and subjects
+immediately connected with it, such as slavery, truckling of
+Northerners to the south, &c. The theme is treated in various ways
+with uniform bitterness. Now he sketches a 'Pious Editors Creed,'
+almost too daring in its Scriptural allusions, but terribly severe
+upon the venal fraternity. At another time he sets one of Calhoun's
+pro-slavery speeches to music. The remarks of the great Nullifier form
+the air of the song, and the incidental remarks of honorable senators
+on the same side make up a rich chorus, their names supplying happy
+tags to the rhymes. But best of all are the letters of his friend the
+returned volunteer, Mr. Birdofredom Sawin, who draws a sad picture
+of the private soldier's life in Mexico. He had gone out with hopes
+of making his fortune. But he was sadly disappointed and equally so
+in his expectations of glory, which 'never got so low down as the
+privates.'
+
+"But it is time to bring this notice to a close not, however, that
+we have by any means exhausted the subject. For have we not already
+stated that there are, at the lowest calculation, ninety American
+poets, spreading all over the alphabet, from Allston, who is
+unfortunately dead, to Willis, who is fortunately living, and writing
+_Court Journals_ for the 'Upper Ten Thousand,' as he has named the
+quasi-aristocracy of New York? And the lady-poets--the poetesses, what
+shall we say of them? Truly it would be ungallant to say anything ill
+of them, and invidious to single out a few among so many; therefore,
+it will be best for us to say--nothing at all about any of them."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+ORIGINAL POETRY.
+
+
+A RETROSPECT.
+
+BY HERMANN.
+
+
+  On this rustic footbridge sitting,
+    I have passed delightful eyes,
+  Moonbeams round about me flitting
+    Through the overhanging leaves.
+
+  With me often came another,
+    When the west wore hues of gold,
+  And 'twas neither sister--brother--
+    One the heart may dearer hold.
+
+  She was fair and lightly moulded,
+    Azure eyed and full of grace;
+  Gentler form was never folded
+    In a lover's warm embrace.
+
+  Oh those hours of sacred converse,
+    Their communion now is o'er
+  And our straying feet shall traverse
+    Those remembered paths no more.
+
+  Hours they were of love and gladness,
+    Fraught with holy vows of truth:
+  Not a single thought of sadness
+    Shadowing o'er the hopes of youth.
+
+  I am sitting sad and lonely
+    Where she often sat with me,
+  And the voice I hear is only
+    Of the silvery streamlet's glee.
+
+  Where is she, whose gentle fingers,
+    Oft were wreathed amidst my hair?
+  Still methinks their pressure lingers,
+    But, ah no! they are not there.
+
+  They are whiter now than ever,
+    In a light I know not of,
+  Sweeping o'er the chords of silver
+    To a song of joy and love.
+
+  Though so lonely I am sitting,
+    This sweet thought of joy may bring,
+  That she still is round me flitting,
+    On an angel's tireless wing.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE AUTHOR OF "ION."
+
+
+"Mr. Talfourd is now a Justice, and we find in the London journals an
+account of a visit to his residence by a deputation from his native
+town, to present to him a silver candelabrum, subscribed for by a
+large number of the inhabitants of the borough, of all parties. The
+base of the candelabrum is a tripod, on which stands a group of three
+female figures; representing Law, Justice, and Poetry, the two former
+modeled from Flaxman's sculpture on Lord Mansfield's monument in
+Westminster Abbey, the latter from a drawing of the Greek Antique,
+bearing a scroll inscribed with the word "Ion" in Greek characters.
+The arms of Mr. Talfourd and of the borough of Reading are engraved on
+the base. The testimonial was presented to the Justice in the presence
+of his family, including the venerable Mrs. Talfourd, his mother,
+and a large circle of private friends. In answer to the gentleman who
+presented the testimonial, Mr. Talfourd replied:
+
+"If I felt that the circumstances of this hour, and the eloquent
+kindness which has enriched it, appealed for a response only to
+personal qualities, I should be too conscious of the poverty of such
+materials for an answer to attempt one; but the associations they
+suggest expand into wider circles than self impels, and while they
+teach me that this occasion is not for the indulgence of vanity,
+but for the cultivation of humble thankfulness, they impart a nobler
+significance to your splendid gift and to your delightful praise. They
+remind me that my intellectual being has, from its first development,
+been nurtured by the partiality of those whom, living and dead, you
+virtually represent to-day; they concentrate the wide-spread instances
+of that peculiar felicity in my lot whereby I have been privileged to
+find aid, comfort, inspiration, and allowance in that local community
+amidst which my life began; and they invite me, from that position
+which once bounded my furthest horizon of personal hope, to live along
+the line of past existence; to recognize the same influence everywhere
+pervading it: and to perceive how its struggles have been assisted;
+its errors softened down or vailed, and its successes enhanced, by the
+constant presence of home-born regards. Embracing in a rapid glance
+the events of many years, I call to mind how at an early age--earlier
+than is generally safe or happy for youths--the incidents of life,
+supplying an unusual stimulus to ordinary powers, gave vividness to
+those dreams of human excellence and progress which, at some time,
+visit all; how by the weakness which precluded them from assuming
+those independent shapes which require the plastic force of higher
+powers, they became associated with the scenes among which they were
+cherished, and clove to them with earnest grasp; and how the fervid
+expressions which that combination prompted, were accepted by generous
+friends as indicating faculties 'beyond the reaches of my soul,'
+and induced them to encourage me by genial prophecies which, with
+unwearied purpose, they endeavored to fulfill. I renew that golden
+season when such vague aspirations were at once cherished and
+directed by the Christian wisdom of the venerated master of Reading
+School--who, during his fifty years of authority, made the name of
+our town a household word to successive generations of scholars,
+who honored him in all parts of the world, and all departments of
+society--whose long life was one embodied charity--and who gave
+steadiness and object to those impulses in me which else might have
+ended, as they began, in dreams. I remember, when pausing on the
+slippery threshold of active life, and looking abroad on the desolate
+future, how the earnestness of my friends gave me courage, and
+emboldened me, with no patrons but themselves, to enter the profession
+of my choice by its most dim and laborious avenue, and to brace myself
+for four years of arduous pupilage; how they crowded with pleasures
+the intervals of holiday I annually enjoyed among them during that
+period, and another of equal length passed in a special pleader's
+anxieties and toils; how they greeted with praise, sweeter than
+the applause of multitudes to him who wins it, the slender literary
+effusions by which I supplied the deficiency of professional income;
+and how, when I dared the hazard of the bar, they provided for me
+opportunities such as riper scholars and other advocates wait long
+for, by confiding important matters to my untried hands; how they
+encircled my first tremulous efforts by an atmosphere of affectionate
+interest, roused my faint heart to exertion, absorbed the fever that
+hung upon its beatings, and strengthened my first perceptions of
+capacity to make my thoughts and impressions intelligible, on the
+instant, to the minds of courts and juries. The impulse thus given to
+my professional success at Reading, and in the sessions of Berkshire
+during twelve years, gradually extended its influence through my
+circuit, until it raised me to a position among its members beyond
+my deserts and equal to my wishes. Another opening of fortune
+soon dawned on me; in the maturity of life I aspired to a seat
+in parliament--rather let me say, to _that_ seat which only I
+coveted--and then, almost without solicitation, from many surviving
+patrons of my childhood, and from the sons of others who inherited the
+kindness of their fathers, I received an honor more precious to me as
+the token of concentrated regards than as the means of advancement;
+yet greatly heightened in practical importance by the testimony
+it implied from the best of all witnesses. That honor, three times
+renewed, was attended by passages of excitement which look dizzy even
+in the distance--with much on my part requiring allowance, and much
+allowance rendered by those to whom my utmost services were due; with
+the painful consciousness of wide difference of opinion between some
+of my oldest friends and myself, and with painful contests which those
+differences rendered inevitable, yet cheered by attachments which
+the vivid lights struck out in the conflict of contending passions
+exhibited in scatheless strength, until I received that appointment
+which dissolved the parliamentary connection, and with it annihilated
+all the opposition of feeling which had sometimes saddened it, and
+invested the close of my life with the old regard, as unclouded by
+controversy as when it illumined its opening. And now the expressions
+of your sympathy await me, when, by the gracious providence of God,
+I have been permitted to enter on a course of less fervid action, of
+serener thought, of plainer duty. For me political animosities are
+forever hushed and absorbed in one desire, which I share with you
+all, for the happiness and honor of our country, and the peaceful
+advancement of our species; and all the feverish excitements and
+perils of advocacy, its ardent partisanship with various interests,
+anxieties, and passions, are displaced by the office of seeking to
+discover truth and to maintain justice. I am no longer incited to
+aspire to public favor, even under your auspices: my course is marked
+right onward--to be steadily trodden, whether its duties may accord
+with the prevalent feeling of the hour, or may oppose the temporary
+injustice of its generous errors: but it is not forbidden me to prize
+the esteem of those who have known me longest and best, and to indulge
+the hope that I may retain it to the last. To encourage me in the
+aim still to deserve that esteem, I shall look on this gift of those
+numbers of my townsmen whose regards have just found such cordial
+expression. I shall cherish it as a memorial of earliest hopes
+that gleam out from the depth of years; as a memorial of a thousand
+incentives to virtuous endeavor, of sacred trusts, of delighted
+solaces; as a memorial of affections which have invested a being,
+frail, sensitive, and weak, with strength not its own, and under God,
+have insured for it an honorable destiny; as a memorial of this hour,
+when, in the presence of those who are nearest and dearest to me on
+earth, my course has been pictured in the light of those friendships
+which have gladdened it--an hour of which the memory and the influence
+will not pass away, but, I fondly trust, will incite those who will
+bear my name after me, and to whose charge this gift will be confided
+when I shall cease to behold it, better to deserve, though they cannot
+more dearly appreciate, such a succession of kindnesses as that to
+which the crowning grace is now added, and for which, with my whole
+heart, I thank you."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Cultivate and exercise a serene faith, and you shall acquire wonderful
+power and insight; its results are sure and illimitable, moulding and
+moving to its purposes equally spirit, mind, and matter. It is the
+power-endowing essential of all action.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+RECENT DEATHS.
+
+
+Under this head we have rarely to present so many articles as are
+demanded by the foreign journals received during the week, and by the
+melancholy disaster which caused the death of the MARCHESA D'OSSOLI,
+with her husband, and Mr. SUMNER. Of MARGARET FULLER D'OSSOLI a sketch
+is given in the preceding pages, and we reserve for our next number
+an article upon the history of Sir ROBERT PEEL. The death of this
+illustrious person has caused a profound sensation not only in Great
+Britain, but throughout Europe. In the House of Lords, most eloquent
+and impressive speeches upon the exalted character of the deceased,
+and the irreparable loss of the country, were delivered by the Marquis
+of Lansdowne, Lord Stanley, Lord Brougham, the Duke of Wellington,
+and the Duke of Cleveland, and in the House of Commons, by Lord John
+Russell, and Messrs. Hume, Gladstone, Goulburn, Herries, Napier,
+Inglis and Somervile. The House, in testimony of its grief, adjourned
+without business, an act without precedent, except in case of death
+in the royal family. A noble tribute of respect was also paid by the
+French Assembly to the memory of Sir Robert Peel. The President, M.
+Dupin, pronounced an affecting eulogy upon the deceased, which was
+received with the liveliest sympathy by the Chamber, and was ordered
+to be recorded in its journal. A compliment like this is totally
+unprecedented in France, and the death of no other foreigner in the
+world could have elicited it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOYER, EX-PRESIDENT OF HAYTI.
+
+Jean Pierre Boyer, a mulatto, distinguished in affairs, and for his
+abilities and justice, was born at Port-au-Prince, on the 6th of
+February, 1776. His father, by some said to have been of mixed blood,
+was a tailor and shopkeeper, of fair reputation and some property, and
+his mother a negress from Congo in Africa, who had been a slave in
+the neighborhood. He joined the French Commissioners, Santhonax and
+Polverel, in whose company, after the arrival of the English, he
+withdrew to Jacqemel. Here he attached himself to Rigaud, set out
+with him to France, and was captured on his passage by the Americans,
+during the war between France and the United States. Being released
+at the end of the war, he proceeded to Paris, where he remained until
+the organization of Le Clerc's expedition against St. Domingo. This
+expedition he with many other persons of color joined; but on the
+death of Le Clerc he attached himself to the party of Petion, with
+whom he acted during the remainder of that chieftain's life, which
+terminated on the 29th of March, 1818. Under Petion he rose from
+the post of aid-de-camp and private secretary to be general of
+the arrondissement of Port-au-Prince; and Petion named him for
+the succession in the Presidency, to which he was inducted without
+opposition. When the revolution broke out in the northern part of the
+island, in 1820, Boyer was invited by the insurgents to place himself
+at their head; and on the death of Christophe, the northern and
+southern parts of the island were united under his administration
+into one government, under the style of the Republic of Hayti. In
+the following year the Spanish inhabitants of the eastern part of the
+island voluntarily placed themselves under the government of Boyer,
+who thus became, chiefly by the force of character, without much
+positive effort, the undisputed master of all St. Domingo.
+
+It is not questionable that the productions and general prosperity of
+the island decreased under Boyer's administration. The blacks needed
+the stringent policy of some such tyrant as Christophe. And the
+popularity of Boyer was greatly lessened by his approval or direct
+negotiation of a treaty with France, by which he agreed to pay to
+that country an indemnity of 150,000,000 of francs, in five annual
+instalments. The French Government recognized the independence of
+Hayti, but it was impossible for Boyer to meet his engagements. He
+however conducted the administration with industry, discretion, and
+repose, for fifteen years, when a long-slumbering opposition, for
+his presumed preference of the mulatto to the black population in the
+dispensations of government favor, began to exhibit itself openly.
+When this feeling was manifested in the second chamber of the
+Legislature, in 1843, the promptness and decision with which he
+attempted to suppress it, induced an insurrection among the troops,
+and he was compelled to fly, with about thirty followers, to Jamaica.
+He afterward proceeded to London, and finally to Paris, where he lived
+quietly in the Rue de Madeline, enjoying the respect of many eminent
+men, and surrounded by attached followers who shared his exile, until
+the 10th of July. On the 12th he was buried with appropriate funeral
+honors.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE.
+
+The death of the Duke of Cambridge, brother of the late William IV.,
+occurred the 8th of July, and was quite sudden. He was the seventh
+son of George III., was born in 1774, received his earliest education
+at Kew, and finished his studies at Gottingen. He entered the army,
+and experiencing much active service, was promoted, until in 1813 he
+attained the distinction of Field Marshal. He soon afterward became
+Governor-General of Hanover, and continued to fill that post until
+the accession of the Duke of Cumberland, in 1839. His subsequent life
+presented few features of much interest. His name was to be found as
+a patron and a contributor to many most valuable institutions, and
+he took delight in presiding at benevolent festivals and anniversary
+dinners, when, though without the slightest pretension to eloquence,
+the frankness and _bonhommie_ of his manners, and his simple
+straight-forward earnestness of speech, used to make him an universal
+favorite. He took but little part in the active strife of parties. He
+died in his seventy-seventh year, leaving one son, Prince George of
+Cambridge, and two daughters.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GEORGE W. ERVING.
+
+This distinguished public man died in New York, on the 22d ult. A
+correspondent of the _Evening Post_ gives the following account of his
+history:
+
+"The journals furnish us with a brief notice of the death of the
+venerable George W. Erving, who was for so many years, dating from the
+foundation of our government, connected with the diplomatic history of
+the country, as an able, successful and distinguished negotiator. The
+career of this gentleman has been so marked, and is so instructive,
+that it becomes not less a labor of love than an act of public duty,
+with the press, to make it the occasion of comment. At the breaking
+out of our revolution, the father of the subject of this imperfect
+sketch was an eminent loyalist of Massachusetts, residing in Boston,
+connected by affinity with the Shirleys, the Winslows, the Bowdons,
+and Winthrops of that State. Like many other men of wealth, at that
+day, he joined the royal cause, forsook his country and went to
+England. There his son, George William, who had always been a sickly
+delicate child, reared with difficulty, was educated, and finally
+graduated at Oxford, where he was a classmate of Copley, now Lord
+Lyndhurst. Following this, on the attainment of his majority, and
+during the lifetime of his father, notwithstanding the most powerful
+and seductive efforts to attach him to the side of Great Britain,
+the more persevering from the great wealth, and the intellectual
+attainments of the young American--notwithstanding the importunities
+of misjudging friends and relatives, the incitements found in ties of
+consanguinity with some, and his intimate personal associations with
+many of the young nobility at that aristocratic seat of learning, and
+notwithstanding the blandishments of fashionable society--the love of
+country and the holy inspirations of patriotism, triumphed over all
+the arts that power could control, and those allurements usually so
+potent where youth is endowed with great wealth. The young patriot
+promptly, cheerfully, sacrificed all, for his country--turned his back
+upon the unnatural stepmother, and came back, to share the good or
+evil fortunes of his native land.
+
+"Such facts as these should not be lost sight of at the present
+day--such an example it is well to refer to now, in the day of our
+prosperity. And we would ask--in no ill-natured or censorious spirit,
+but rather that the lessons of history should not be forgotten--how
+many young men of these days under like circumstances, would make
+a similar sacrifice upon the altar of their country? The solemn and
+impressive event which has produced this notice seems to render this
+question not entirely inappropriate; for years should not dim in the
+minds of the rising generation the memory of those pure and strong
+men, who, in the early trials of their country, rose equal to the
+occasion. When, at a later period, political parties began to develop
+themselves, Mr. Erving, then a resident of Boston, identified himself
+with the great republican party, and became actively instrumental in
+securing the election of Thomas Jefferson to the Presidency. From
+that time forward until the day of his death, he never faltered in his
+political faith.
+
+"Few men have been, for so long a period, so intimately connected with
+the diplomatic history of our country. He received his first public
+appointment, as Consul and Commissioner of Claims at London, nearly
+half a century since. This appointment was conferred upon him without
+his solicitation, and was at first declined. Subsequent reflection,
+however, induced him to waive all private and personal considerations,
+and he accepted the post assigned to him. The manner in which he
+discharged the duties of that trust, impressed the government with the
+expediency of securing his services in more important negotiations,
+and he was sent as Commissioner and Charge d'Affaires to Denmark. His
+mission to the court of that country was, at that period, a highly
+important one. The negotiations he had to conduct there, required
+great tact and ability.
+
+"While at Copenhagen, he secured, in an eminent degree, the esteem
+and confidence of the Danish authorities, and brought to a successful
+solution the questions then arising out of the interests committed to
+him. In consequence, the government was enabled to avail itself of
+his experience at the Court of Berlin, where events seemed to require
+the exercise of great diplomatic ability. He was afterward appointed
+to Madrid, where, by his highly honorable personal character, and
+captivating manners, he obtained great influence, even at that most
+proud and distrustful court, and conducted, with consummate skill and
+marked success, the important and delicate negotiations then pending
+between the United States and Spain. He remained at Madrid for many
+years, where he attained the reputation of being one of the most able
+and accomplished diplomatists that the United States had ever sent
+abroad. Upon his final retirement from this post, and, in fact, from
+all public employment, the administration of General Jackson sought
+to secure his services in the mission to Constantinople, but the
+proffered appointment was declined.
+
+"There are many interesting incidents in his public and diplomatic
+career, which a more extended notice would enable us to detail.
+Indeed, we hope that so instructive a life as that of Mr. Erving
+may hereafter find a fit historian. That historian may not have
+to chronicle victories won upon the battle field, but the civic
+achievement he will have to record, if not so dazzling as the former,
+will, at least, be as replete with evidences of public usefulness.
+
+"The latter years of his life were passed in Europe, chiefly in Paris.
+The public agitations consequent upon the last French revolution,
+need of quiet at his advanced age, and the presentiment of approaching
+dissolution, induced him to return home. Indeed it was meet that he
+should close his mortal career in that country which he had so long
+and faithfully served, and whose welfare and happiness had been the
+constant object of his every earthly aspiration."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DR. JOHN BURNS.
+
+Among those who perished in the wreck of the _Orion_, was Dr. John
+Burns, Professor of Surgery in the University of Glasgow, aged about
+eighty years. Dr. Burns held a distinguished place in the medical
+world, for at least half a century, as an author and a teacher. He was
+a son of the Rev. Dr. John Burns, for more than sixty years minister
+of the Barony parish of Glasgow, who died about fourteen years ago,
+at the age of ninety. He was originally intended to be a manufacturer,
+and in his time the necessary training for this business included
+a practical application to the loom. A disease of the knee-joint
+unfitted him for becoming a weaver, and he turned his attention to
+the medical profession, winch the neighboring university afforded him
+easy and ample means of studying. He early entered into business as
+a general practitioner, but his ambition led him very soon to be an
+instructor. In 1800, he published _Dissertations on Inflammation_,
+which raised his name to a high position in the literature of his
+profession. In 1807, he published a kindred volume on Hemorrhage.
+In the mean time he had turned his attention to lecturing, and
+he continued to give, for many years, lectures on midwifery. His
+observations and experience on this subject he offered to the world
+in _The Principles of Midwifery_, a work which has run through
+twelve editions, and been translated into several of the continental
+languages. It is very elaborate and valuable, and as each succeeding
+edition presented the result of the author's increasing experience, it
+became a standard in every medical library. Its chief defect is a want
+of clearness in the arrangement, and sometimes in the language. In
+1815, the crown instituted a Professorship of Surgery in the Glasgow
+University, and the Duke of Montrose, its chancellor, appointed to
+it Mr. Burns, a choice which the voice of the profession generally
+approved. The value of the professorship might average 500l. yearly.
+
+As a professor, Dr. Burns was highly popular. He had a cheerful and
+attractive manner, and was fond of bringing in anecdotes more or less
+applicable, but always enlivening. His language was plain and clear,
+but not always correct or elegant. In personal appearance, he was
+of the middle size, of an anxious and careworn, but gentlemanly
+and intelligent, expression of countenance. In 1830, he published
+_Principles of Surgery_, first volume, which was followed by another.
+This work is confused, both in style and arrangement, and has been
+very little read, but it did credit to his zeal and industry, for he
+had now acquired fame and fortune, and had long had at his command
+the most extensive practice in the west of Scotland. John Burns,
+the younger, had written and published a work on the evidences and
+principles of Christianity, which was extensively read, and went
+through many editions. His name was not at first on the title-page,
+but that it was the production of a medical man was obvious. He gave
+a copy to his father, who shortly after said, "Ah, John, I wish _you_
+could have written such a book!" Dr. Burns has many friends in the
+United States, who were once his pupils. One of the most eminent of
+them is Professor Pattison of the Medical Department of the New York
+University, in this city.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HORACE SUMNER.
+
+This gentleman, one of the victims of the lamentable wreck of the
+Elizabeth, was the youngest son of the late Charles P. Sumner, of
+Boston, for many years Sheriff of Suffolk county, and the brother of
+George Sumner, Esq., of Boston, who is well known for his legal and
+literary eminence throughout the country. He was about twenty-four
+years of ago, and has been abroad for nearly a year, traveling in the
+south of Europe for the benefit of his health. The past winter was
+spent by him chiefly in Florence, where he was on terms of familiar
+intimacy with the Marquis and Marchioness d'Ossoli, and was induced
+to take passage in the same vessel with them for his return to his
+native land. He was a young man of singular modesty of deportment,
+of an original turn of mind, and greatly endeared to his friends
+by the sweetness of his disposition and the purity of his
+character.--_Tribune_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE FINE ARTS.
+
+
+POWERS'S STATUE OF CALHOUN.--An unfortunate fatality appears to wait
+upon the works of Hiram Powers. It is but a few weeks since his "Eve"
+was lost on the coast of Spain, and it is still uncertain here whether
+that exquisite statue is preserved without such injury as materially
+to affect its value. And his masterpiece in history--perhaps his
+masterpiece in all departments--the statue of Calhoun, which has been
+so anxiously looked-for ever since the death of the great senator, was
+buried under the waves in which Madame d'Ossoli and Horace Sumner were
+lost, on the morning of the 19th, near Fire Island. At the time this
+sheet is sent to press we are uncertain as to the recovery of the
+statue, but we hope for the sake of art and for the satisfaction of
+all the parties interested, that it will still reach its destination.
+It is insured in Charleston, and Mr. Kellogg, the friend and agent
+of Mr. Powers, has been at the scene of the misfortune, with all
+necessary means for its preservation, if that be possible.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HORACE VERNET, the great painter, has returned to Paris from St.
+Petersburgh. Offensive reports were current respecting his journey: he
+had been paid, it was alleged, in most princely style by the Emperor,
+for his masterly efforts in translating to canvas the principal
+incidents of the Hungarian and Polish wars. He came back, it was
+declared, loaded and content, with a hundred thousand dollars and a
+kiss--an actual kiss--from his Imperial Majesty. M. Vernet has deemed
+it necessary to publish a letter, correcting what was erroneous in
+these reports. He says:--"In repairing to Russia I was actuated by
+only one desire, and had but a single object, and that was, to thank
+His Majesty, the Emperor, for the honors with which he had already
+loaded me, and for the proofs of his munificence which I had
+previously received. I intended to bring back, and in fact have
+brought back from the journey, nothing but the satisfaction of having
+performed an entirely disinterested duty of respectful gratitude." It
+is true, however, that he lent his powers to illustrate the triumph of
+despotism, and if he brought back no gold the matter is not all helped
+by that fact.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+AUTHORS AND BOOKS.
+
+
+THE REV. JAMES H. PERKINS, of Cincinnati, whose suicide during a fit
+of madness, several months ago, will be generally recollected for
+the many expressions of profound regret which it occasioned, we are
+pleased to learn, is to be the subject of a biography by the Rev. W.H.
+Channing. Mr. Perkins was a man of the finest capacities, and of large
+and genial scholarship. He wrote much, in several departments, and
+almost always well. His historical works, relating chiefly to the
+western States, have been little read in this part of the Union;
+but his contributions to the North American Review and the Christian
+Examiner, and his tales, sketches, essays, and poems, printed under
+various signatures, have entitled him to a desirable reputation as
+a man of letters. These are all to be collected and edited by Mr.
+Channing.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Mrs. ESLING, better known as Miss Catherine H. Waterman, under which
+name she wrote the popular and beautiful lyric, "Brother, Come Home!"
+has in press a collection of her writings, under the title of _The
+Broken Bracelet and other Poems_, to be published by Lindsay &
+Blackiston of Philadelphia.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+M. ROSSEEUW ST. HILAIRE, of Paris, is proceeding with his great work
+on the History of Spain with all the rapidity consistent with the
+nature of the subject and the elaborate studies it requires. The work
+was commenced ten years ago, and has since been the main occupation of
+its author. The fifth volume has just been published, and receives the
+applause of the most competent critics. It includes the time from 1336
+to 1492, which comes down to the very eve of the great discovery of
+Columbus, and includes that most brilliant period, in respect of which
+the history of Prescott has hitherto stood alone, namely, the reign of
+Ferdinand and Isabella. M. St. Hilaire has had access to many sources
+of information not accessible to any former writer, and is said
+to have availed himself of them with all the success that could be
+anticipated from his rare faculty of historical analysis and the
+beautiful transparency of his style.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE REV. ROBERT ARMITAGE, a rector in Shropshire, is the author of
+"Dr. Hookwell," and "Dr. Johnson, his Religious Life and his Death."
+In this last work, the _Quarterly Review_ observes, "Johnson's name is
+made the peg on which to hang up--or rather the line on which to hang
+out--much hackneyed sentimentality, and some borrowed learning, with
+an awful and overpowering quantity of twaddle and rigmarole." The
+writer concludes his reviewal: "We are sorry to have had to make such
+an exposure of a man, who, apart from the morbid excess of vanity
+which has evidently led him into this scrape, may be, for aught we
+know, worthy and amiable. His exposure, however, is on his own
+head: he has ostentatiously and pertinaciously forced his ignorance,
+conceit, and effrontery on public notice." We quite agree with the
+_Quarterly_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+JOHN MILLS--"John St. Hugh Mills," it was written then--was familiarly
+known in the printing offices of Ann street in this city a dozen
+years ago; he assisted General Morris in editing the Mirror, and wrote
+paragraphs of foreign gossip for other journals. A good-natured aunt
+died in England, leaving him a few thousand a year, and he returned
+to spend his income upon a stud and pack and printing office, sending
+from the latter two or three volumes of pleasant-enough mediocrity
+every season. His last work, with the imprint of Colburn, is called
+"Our Country."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Mr. PRESCOTT, the historian, who is now in England, has received the
+degree of Doctor of Civil Law from the University of Oxford. Two or
+three years ago he was elected into the Institute of France.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DR. MAGINN's "Homeric Ballads," which gave so much attraction
+during several years to _Fraser's Magazine_, have been collected and
+republished in a small octavo.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Mr. KENDALL, of the _Picayune_, has sailed once more for Paris, to
+superintend there the completion of his great work on the late war
+in Mexico upon which he has been engaged for the last two years. The
+highest talent has been employed in the embellishment of this book,
+and the care and expense incurred may be estimated from the fact that
+sixty men, coloring and preparing the plates, can finish only one
+hundred and twenty copies in a month. The original sketches were
+taken by a German, Carl Nebel, who accompanied Mr. Kendall in Mexico,
+and drew his battle scenes at the very time of their occurrence. He
+has engaged in the prosecution of the whole enterprise with as much
+zeal and interest as Mr. Kendall himself, and has spared no pains to
+procure the assistance of the most skillful operatives. The book is
+folio in size, and will be published early in the fall. The letter
+press has long been finished, and only waiting for the completion of
+the plates. These are twelve, and their subjects are Palo Alto, the
+Capture of Monterey, Buena Vista: the Landing at Vera Cruz, Cerro
+Gordo, Contreras, Cherubusco, Molino del Rey, two views of the
+Storming of Chapultepec, and Gen. Scott's entrance into the city of
+Mexico. The lithographs are said to be unsurpassed in felicity of
+design, perfection of coloring, and in the animation and expression
+of all the figures and groups. No such finished specimens of colored
+lithography were ever exhibited in this country. The plates will have
+unusual value, not only on account of their intrinsic superiority,
+but because of their rare historical merit, since they are exact
+delineations of the topography of the scenes they represent and
+faithful representations in every particular of the military positions
+and movements at the moment chosen for illustration.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MRS. TROLLOPPE is as busy as she has ever been since the failure of
+her shop at Cincinnati--trading in fiction, with the capital won
+by her first adventure in this way, "The Domestic Manners of the
+Americans." Her last novel, which is just out, has in its title the
+odor of her customary vulgarity; it is called "Petticoat Government."
+Her son, Mr. A. Trolloppe, his just given the world a new book also,
+"La Vendee" a historical romance which is well spoken of.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE REV. DR. WILLIAM R. WILLIAMS, it will gratify the friends of
+literature and religion to learn, has consented to give to the press
+several works upon which he has for some time been engaged. They
+will be published by Gould, Kendall & Lincoln, of Boston. In the next
+number of _The International_ we shall write more largely of this
+subject.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Dr. BUCKLAND, the Dean of Westminster--the eloquent and the learned
+writer of the remarkable "Bridgewater Treatise" is bereft of reason,
+and is now an inmate of an asylum near Oxford.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Dr. WAYLAND's "Tractate on Education," in which he proposes a thorough
+reform in the modes of college instruction, has, we are glad to see,
+had its desired effect. The Providence _Journal_ states that the
+entire subscription to the fund of Brown University has reached
+$110,000, which is within $15,000 of the sum originally proposed.
+The subscription having advanced so far, and with good assurances of
+further aid, the committee have reported to the President, that the
+success of the plan, so far as the money is concerned, may be regarded
+as assured, and that consequently it will be safe to go on with the
+new organization as rapidly as may he deemed advisable. Of the sum
+raised, about $96,000 have come from Providence. A meeting of the
+Corporation of the University will soon be called, when the entire
+plan will be decided upon, and carried into effect as rapidly as so
+important a change can be made with prudence.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR JAMES EMERSON TENNANT has in the press of Mr. Murray a work
+which will probably be read with much interest in this country,
+upon Christianity in Ceylon, its introduction and progress under the
+Portuguese, the Dutch, the British, and the American missions, with a
+Historical View of the Brahminical and Buddhist superstitions.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHARLES EAMES, formerly one of the editors of the Washington _Union_,
+and more recently United States Commissioner to the Sandwich Islands,
+is to be the orator of the societies of Columbia College, at the
+commencement, on the evening of the 6th of October. Bayard Taylor will
+be the poet for the same occasion.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHATEAUBRIAND'S MEMOIRS.--The eleventh and last volume has just been
+published at Paris in the book form, and will soon be completed in
+the _feuilletons_. An additional volume is however to be brought out,
+under the title of "Supplement to the Memoirs."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE THIRD AND FOURTH SERIES of Southey's Common-Place Book are in
+preparation, and they will be reprinted by the Harpers. The third
+contains Analytical Readings, and the fourth, Original Memoranda.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WASHINGTON IRVING's Life of General Washington, in one octavo volume,
+is announced by Murray. It will appear simultaneously from the press
+of Putnam.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MRS. JAMESON has in press Legends of the Monastic Orders, as
+illustrated in art.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Dr. ACHILLI is the subject of an article in the July number of the
+_Dublin Review_--the leading Roman Catholic journal in the English
+language. Of course the history of the missionary is not presented in
+very flattering colors.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[FROM HOUSEHOLD WORDS.]
+
+THE SERF OF POBEREZE.
+
+
+The materials for the following tale were furnished to the writer
+while traveling last year near the spot on which the events it
+narrates took place. It is intended to convey a notion of some of the
+phases of Polish, or rather Russian serfdom (for, as truly explained
+by one of the characters in a succeeding page, it is Russian), and of
+the catastrophes it has occasioned, not only in Catherine's time,
+but occasionally at the present. The Polish nobles--themselves in
+slavery--earnestly desire the emancipation of their serfs, which
+Russian domination forbids.
+
+The small town of Pobereze stands at the foot of a stony mountain,
+watered by numerous springs in the district of Podolia, in Poland. It
+consists of a mass of miserable Cabins, with a Catholic chapel and two
+Greek churches in the midst, the latter distinguished by their gilded
+towers. On one side of the market-place stands the only inn, and on
+the opposite side are several shops, from whose doors and windows
+look out several dirtily dressed Jews. At a little distance, on a hill
+covered with vines and fruit-trees, stands the Palace, which does not,
+perhaps, exactly merit such an appellation, but who would dare to call
+otherwise the dwelling of the lord of the domain?
+
+On the morning when our tale opens, there had issued from this palace
+the common enough command to the superintendent of the estate, to
+furnish the master with a couple of strong boys, for service in the
+stables, and a young girl to be employed in the wardrobe. Accordingly,
+a number of the best-looking young peasants of Olgogrod assembled
+in the avenue leading to the palace. Some were accompanied by their
+sorrowful and weeping parents, in all of whose hearts, however, rose
+the faint whispered hope, "Perhaps it will not be _my_ child they will
+choose!"
+
+Being brought into the court-yard of the palace, the Count Roszynski,
+with the several members of his family, had come out to pass in review
+his growing subjects. He was a small and insignificant-looking man,
+about fifty years of age, with deep-set eyes and overhanging brows.
+His wife, who was nearly of the same age, was immensely stout, with
+a vulgar face and a loud, disagreeable voice. She made herself
+ridiculous in endeavoring to imitate the manners and bearing of the
+aristocracy, into whose sphere she and her husband were determined
+to force themselves, in spite of the humbleness of their origin. The
+father of the "Right-Honorable" Count Roszynski was a valet, who,
+having been a great favorite with his master, amassed sufficient money
+to enable his son, who inherited it, to purchase the extensive estate
+of Olgogrod, and with it the sole proprietorship of 1600 human beings.
+Over them he had complete control; and, when maddened by oppression,
+if they dared resent, woe unto them! They could be thrust into a
+noisome dungeon, and chained by one hand from the light of day for
+years, until their very existence was forgotten by all except the
+jailor who brought daily their pitcher of water and morsel of dry
+bread.
+
+Some of the old peasants say that Sava, father of the young peasant
+girl, who stands by the side of an old woman, at the head of her
+companions in the court-yard, is immured in one of these subterranean
+jails. Sava was always about the Count, who, it was said, had brought
+him from some distant land, with his little motherless child. Sava
+placed her under the care of an old man and woman, who had the charge
+of the bees in a forest near the palace, where he came occasionally to
+visit her. But once, six long months passed, and he did not come! In
+vain Anielka wept, in vain she cried, "Where is my father?" No father
+appeared. At last it was said that Sava had been sent to a long
+distance with a large sum of money, and had been killed by robbers.
+In the ninth year of one's life the most poignant grief is quickly
+effaced, and after six months Anielka ceased to grieve. The old people
+were very kind to her, and loved her as if sue were their own child.
+That Anielka might be chosen to serve in the palace never entered
+their head, for who would be so barbarous as to take the child away
+from an old woman of seventy and her aged husband?
+
+To-day was the first time in her life that she had been so far from
+home. She looked curiously on all she saw,--particularly on a young
+lady about her own age, beautifully dressed, and a youth of eighteen,
+who had apparently just returned from a ride on horse-back, as he held
+a whip in his hand, whilst walking up and down examining the boys who
+were placed in a row before him. He chose two amongst them, and the
+boys were led away to the stables.
+
+"And I choose this young girl," said Constantia Roszynski, indicating
+Anielka; "she is the prettiest of them all. I do not like ugly faces
+about me."
+
+When Constantia returned to the drawing-room, she gave orders for
+Anielka to be taken to her apartments, and placed under the tutelage
+of Mademoiselle Dufour, a French maid, recently arrived from the first
+milliner's shop in Odessa. Poor girl! when they separated her from her
+adopted mother, and began leading her toward the palace, she rushed,
+with a shriek of agony, from them, and grasped her old protectress
+tightly in her arms! They were torn violently asunder, and the Count
+Roszynski quietly asked, "Is it her daughter, or her grand-daughter?"
+
+"Neither, my lord,--only an adopted, child."
+
+"But who will lead the old woman home, as she is blind?"
+
+"I will, my lord," replied one of his servants, bowing to the ground;
+"I will let her, walk by the side of my horse, and when she is in
+her cabin she will have her old husband,--they must take care of each
+other."
+
+So saying, he moved away with the rest of the peasants and domestics.
+But the poor old woman had to be dragged along by two men; for in the
+midst of her shrieks and tears she had fallen to the ground, almost
+without life.
+
+And Anielka? They did not allow her to weep long. She had now to
+sit all day in the corner of a room to sew. She was expected to do
+everything well from the first; and if she did not, she was kept
+without food or cruelly punished. Morning and evening she had to
+help Mdlle. Dufour to dress and undress her mistress. But Constantia,
+although she looked with hauteur on everybody beneath her, and
+expected to be slavishly obeyed, was tolerably kind to the poor
+orphan. Her true torment began, when, on laving her young lady's
+room, she had to assist Mdlle. Dufour. Notwithstanding that she tried
+sincerely to do her best, she was never able to satisfy her, or to
+draw from her naught but harsh reproaches.
+
+Thus two months passed.
+
+One day Mdlle. Dufour went very early to confession, and Anielka was
+seized with an eager longing to gaze once more in peace and freedom
+on the beautiful blue sky and green trees, as she used to do when the
+first rays of the rising sun streamed in at the window of the little
+forest cabin. She ran into the garden. Enchanted by the sight of so
+many beautiful flowers, she went farther and farther along the smooth
+and winding walks. till she entered the forest. She who had been, so
+long away from her beloved trees, roamed where they were thickest.
+Here she gazes boldly around. She sees no one! She is alone! A little
+farther on she meets with a rivulet which flows through the forest.
+Here she remembers that she has not yet prayed. She kneels down, and
+with hands clasped and eyes upturned she begins to sing in a sweet
+voice the Hymn to the virgin.
+
+As she went on she sang louder and with increased fervor. Her breast
+heaved with emotion, her eyes shone with unusual brilliancy; but when
+the hymn was finished she lowered her head, tears began to fall over
+her cheeks, until at last she sobbed aloud. She might have remained
+long in this condition, had not some one come behind her, saying,
+"Do not cry, my poor girl; it is better to sing than to weep." The
+intruder raised her head, wiped her eyes with his handkerchief, and
+kissed her on the forehead.
+
+It was the Count's son, Leon!
+
+"You must not cry," he continued; "be calm, and when the filipony
+(peddlers) come, buy yourself a pretty handkerchief." He then gave
+her a ruble and walked away. Anielka, after concealing the coin in her
+corset, ran quickly back to the palace.
+
+Fortunately, Mdlle. Dufour had not yet returned, and Anielka seated
+herself in her accustomed corner. She often took out the ruble to,
+gaze fondly upon it, and set to work to make a little purse, which,
+having fastened to a ribbon, she hung round her neck. She did not
+dream of spending it, for it would have deeply grieved her to part
+with the gift of the only person in the whole house who had looked
+kindly on her.
+
+From this time Anielka remained always in her young mistress's room;
+she was better dressed, and Mdlle. Dufour ceased to persecute her. To
+what did she owe this sudden change? Perhaps to a remonstrance from
+Leon. Constantia ordered Anielka to sit beside her whilst taking her
+lessons from her music masters, and on her going to the drawing-room,
+she was left in her apartments alone. Being thus more kindly treated.
+Anielka lost by degrees her timidity; and when her young mistress,
+whilst occupied over some embroidery, would tell her to sing, she
+did so boldly and with a steady voice. A greater favor awaited her.
+Constantia, when unoccupied, began teaching Anielka to read in Polish;
+and Mdlle. Dufour thought it politic to follow the example of her
+mistress, and began to teach her French.
+
+Meanwhile, a new kind of torment commenced. Having easily learnt the
+two languages, Anielka acquired an irresistible passion for reading.
+Books had for her the charm of the forbidden fruit, for she could only
+read by stealth at night, or when her mistress went visiting in the
+neighborhood. The kindness hitherto shown her for a time, began to
+relax. Leon had set off on a tour, accompanied by his old tutor, and a
+bosom friend, as young, as gay, and as thoughtless as himself.
+
+So passed the two years of Leon's absence. When he returned, Anielka
+was seventeen, and had become tall and handsome. No one who had
+not seen her during this time, would have recognized her. Of this
+number was Leon. In the midst of perpetual gayety and change, it
+was not possible he could have remembered a poor peasant girl; but
+in Anielka's memory he had remained as a superior being, as her
+benefactor, as the only one who had spoken kindly to her, when poor,
+neglected, forlorn! When in some French romance she met with a young
+man of twenty, of a noble character and handsome appearance, she
+bestowed on him the name of Leon. The recollection of the kiss be had
+given her ever brought a burning blush to her cheek, and made her sigh
+deeply.
+
+One day Leon came to his sister's room. Anielka was there, seated in
+a corner at work. Leon himself had considerably changed; from a boy he
+had grown into a man. "I suppose, Constantia," he said, "you have
+been told what a, good boy I am, and with what docility I shall submit
+myself to the matrimonial yoke, which the Count and Countess have
+provided for me?" and he began whistling, and danced some steps of the
+Mazurka.
+
+"Perhaps you will be refused," said Constantia coldly.
+
+"Refused! Oh, no. The old Prince has already given his consent, and
+as for his daughter, she is desperately in love with me. Look at these
+moustachios; could anything be more irresistible?" and he glanced in
+the glass and twirled them round his fingers; then continuing in a
+graver tone, he said, "To tell the sober truth, I cannot say that
+I reciprocate. My intended is not at all to my taste. She is nearly
+thirty, and so thin, that whenever I look at her, I am reminded of
+my old tutor's anatomical sketches. But, thanks to her Parisian
+dress-maker, she makes up a tolerably good figure, and looks well in
+a Cachemere. Of all things, you know, I wished for a wife with an
+imposing appearance, and I don't care about love. I find it's not
+fashionable, and only exists in the exalted imagination of poets."
+
+"Surely people are in love with one another sometimes," said the
+sister.
+
+"Sometimes," repeated Anielka, inaudibly. The dialogue had painfully
+affected her, and she knew not why. Her heart beat quickly, and her
+face was flushed, and made her look more lovely than ever.
+
+"Perhaps. Of course we profess to adore every pretty woman," Leon
+added abruptly. "But, my dear sister, what a charming ladies' maid you
+have!" He approached the corner, where Anielka sat, and bent on her a
+coarse familiar smile. Anielka, although a serf, was displeased, and
+returned it with a glance full of dignity. But when her eyes rested
+on the youth's handsome face, a feeling, which had been gradually and
+silently growing in her young and inexperienced heart, predominated
+over her pride and displeasure. She wished ardently to recall herself
+to Leon's memory, and half unconsciously raised her hand to the little
+purse which always hung round her neck. She took from it the rouble he
+had given her.
+
+"See!" shouted Leon, "what a droll girl; how proud she is of her
+riches! Why, girl, you are a woman of fortune, mistress of a whole
+rouble!"
+
+"I hope she came by it honestly," said the old Countess, who at this
+moment entered.
+
+At this insinuation, shame and indignation kept Anielka, for a time,
+silent. She replaced the money quickly in its purse, with the bitter
+thought that the few happy moments which had been so indelibly stamped
+upon her memory, had been utterly forgotten by Leon. To clear herself,
+she at last stammered out, seeing they all looked at her inquiringly,
+"Do you not remember, M. Leon, that you gave me this coin two years
+ago in the garden"?"
+
+"How odd!" exclaimed Leon, laughing, "do you expect me to remember
+all the pretty girls to whom I have given money? But I suppose you are
+right, or you would not have treasured up this unfortunate rouble as
+if it were a holy relic. You should not be a miser, child; money is
+made to be spent."
+
+"Pray put an end to these jokes," said Constantia impatiently; "I like
+this girl, and I will not have her teased. She understands my ways
+better than any one, and often puts me in a good humor with her
+beautiful voice."
+
+"Sing something for me pretty damsel," said Leon, "and I will give you
+another rouble, a new and shining one."
+
+"Sing instantly," said Constantia imperiously.
+
+At this command Anielka could no longer stifle her grief; she covered
+her face with her hands, and wept violently.
+
+"Why do you cry?" asked her mistress impatiently; "I cannot bear it; I
+desire you to do as you are bid."
+
+It might have been from the constant habit of slavish obedience, or a
+strong feeling of pride, but Anielka instantly ceased weeping. There
+was a moment's pause, during which the old Countess went grumbling out
+of the room. Anielka chose the Hymn to the Virgin she had warbled in
+the garden, and as she sung, she prayed fervently;--she prayed for
+peace, for deliverance from the acute emotions which had been aroused
+within her. Her earnestness gave an intensity of expression to the
+melody, which affected her listeners. They were silent for some
+moments after its conclusion. Leon walked up and down with his arms
+folded on his breast. Was it agitated with pity for the accomplished
+young slave? or by any other tender emotion? What followed will show.
+
+"My dear Constantia," he said, suddenly stopping before his sister and
+kissing her hand, "will you do me a favor?"
+
+Constantia looked inquiringly in her brother's face without speaking.
+
+"Give me this girl"
+
+"Impossible!"
+
+"I am quite in earnest," continued Leon, "I wish to offer her to my
+future wife. In the Prince her father's private chapel they are much
+in want of a solo soprano."
+
+"I shall not give her to you," said Constantia."
+
+"Not as a free gift, but in exchange. I will give you instead a
+charming young negro--so black. The women in St. Petersburgh and in
+Paris raved about him: but I was inexorable: I half refused him to my
+princess."
+
+"No, no," replied Constantia; "I shall be lonely without this girl, I
+am so used to her."
+
+"Nonsense! you can get peasant girls by the dozen; but a black
+page, with teeth whiter than ivory, and purer than pearls; a perfect
+original in his way; you surely cannot withstand. You will kill half
+the province with envy. A negro servant is the most fashionable thing
+going, and yours will be the first imported into the province."
+
+This argument was irresistible. "Well," replied Constantia, "when do
+you think of taking her?"
+
+"Immediately; to-day at five o'clock," said Leon; and he went merrily
+out of the room.
+
+This then was the result of his cogitation--of Anielka's Hymn to the
+Virgin. Constantia ordered Anielka to prepare herself for the journey,
+with as little emotion as if she had exchanged away a lap-dog, or
+parted with parrot.
+
+She obeyed in silence. Her heart was full. She went into the garden
+that she might relieve herself by weeping unseen. With one hand
+supporting her burning head, and the other pressed tightly against her
+heart, to stifle her sobs, she wandered on mechanically till she found
+herself by the side of the river. She felt quickly for her purse,
+intending to throw the rouble into the water, but as quickly thrust it
+back again, for she could not bear to part with the treasure. She felt
+as if without it she would be still more an orphan. Weeping bitterly,
+she leaned against the tree which had once before witnessed her tears.
+
+By degrees the stormy passion within her gave place to calm
+reflection. This day she was to go away; she was to dwell beneath
+another roof, to serve another mistress. Humiliation! always
+humiliation! But at least it would be some change in her life. As she
+thought of this, she returned hastily to the palace that she might
+not, on the last day of her servitude, incur the anger of her young
+mistress.
+
+Scarcely was Anielka attired in her prettiest dress, when Constantia
+came to her with a little box, from which she took several gay-colored
+ribbons, and decked her in them herself, that the serf might do her
+credit in the new family. And when Anielka, bending down to her feet,
+thanked her, Constantia, with marvelous condescension, kissed her on
+her forehead. Even Leon cast an admiring glance upon her. His servant
+soon after came to conduct her to the carriage, and showing her where
+to seat herself, they rolled off quickly toward Radapol.
+
+For the first time in her life Anielka rode in a carriage. Her head
+turned quite giddy, she could not look at the trees and fields as they
+flew past her; but by degrees she became more accustomed to it, and
+the fresh air enlivening her spirits, she performed the rest of the
+journey in a tolerably happy state of mind. At last they arrived in
+the spacious court-yard before the Palace of Radapol, the dwelling
+of a once rich and powerful Polish family, now partly in ruin. It was
+evident, even to Anielka, that the marriage was one for money on the
+one side, and for rank on the other.
+
+Among other renovations at the castle, occasioned by the approaching
+marriage, the owner of it, Prince Pelazia, had obtained singers
+for the chapel, and had engaged Signer Justiniani, an Italian, as
+chapel-master. Immediately on Leon's arrival, Anielka was presented
+to him. He made her sing a scale, and pronounced her voice to be
+excellent.
+
+Anielka found that, in Radapol, she was treated with a little more
+consideration than at Olgogrod, although she had often to submit to
+the caprices of her new mistress, and she found less time to read. But
+to console herself, she gave all her attention to singing, which she
+practiced several hours a day. Her naturally great capacity, under
+the guidance of the Italian, began to develop itself steadily. Besides
+sacred, he taught her operatic music. On one occasion Anielka sung
+an aria in so impassioned and masterly style, that the enraptured
+Justiniani clapped his hands for joy, skipped about the room, and not
+finding words enough to praise her, exclaimed several times, "Prima
+Donna! Prima Donna!"
+
+But the lessons were interrupted. The Princess's wedding-day was
+fixed upon, after which event she and Leon were to go to Florence, and
+Anielka was to accompany them. Alas! feelings which gave her poignant
+misery still clung to her. She despised herself for her weakness; but
+she loved Leon. The sentiment was too deeply implanted in her bosom to
+be eradicated; too strong to be resisted. It was the first love of a
+young and guileless heart, and had grown in silence and despair.
+
+Anielka was most anxious to know something of her adopted parents.
+Once, after the old prince had heard her singing, he asked her with
+great kindness about her home. She replied, that she was an orphan,
+and had been taken by force from those who had so kindly supplied the
+place of parents, Her apparent attachment to the old bee-keeper and
+his wife so pleased the prince, that he said, "You are a good child.
+Anielka, and to-morrow I will send you to visit them. You shall take
+them some presents."
+
+Anielka, overpowered with gratitude, threw herself at the feet of the
+prince. She dreamed all night of the happiness that was in store for
+her, and the joy of the poor, forsaken, old people; and when the next
+morning she set off, she could scarcely restrain her impatience. At
+last they approached the cabin; she saw the forest, with its tall
+trees, and the meadows covered with flowers. She leaped from the
+carriage, that she might be nearer these trees and flowers, every
+one of which she seemed to recognize. The weather was beautiful. She
+breathed with avidity the pure air which, in imagination, brought to
+her the kisses and caresses of her poor father! Her foster-father was,
+doubtless, occupied with his bees; but his wife?
+
+Anielka opened the door of the cabin; all was silent and deserted. The
+arm-chair on which the poor old woman used to sit, was overturned in a
+corner. Anielka was chilled by a fearful presentiment. She went with a
+slow step toward the bee-hives; there she saw a little boy tending the
+bees, whilst the old man was stretched on the ground beside him. The
+rays of the sun, falling on his pale and sickly face, showed that he
+was very ill. Anielka stooped down over him, and said, "It is I, it is
+Anielka, your own Anielka, who always loves you."
+
+The old man raised his head, gazed upon her with a ghastly smile, and
+took off his cap.
+
+"And my good old mother, where is she?" Anielka asked.
+
+"She is dead!" answered the old man, and falling back he began
+laughing idiotically. Anielka wept. She gazed earnestly on the worn
+frame, the pale and wrinkled cheeks, it which scarcely a sign of
+life could be perceived; it seemed to her that he had suddenly fallen
+asleep, and not wishing to disturb him, she went to the carriage for
+the presents. When she returned, she took his hand. It was cold. The
+poor old bee-keeper had breathed his last!
+
+Anielka was carried almost senseless back to the carriage, which
+quickly returned with her to the castle. There she revived a little;
+but the recollection that she was now quite alone in the world, almost
+drove her to despair.
+
+Her master's wedding and the journey to Florence were a dream to
+her. Though the strange sights of a strange city slowly restored her
+perceptions, they did not her cheerfulness. She felt as if she could
+no longer endure the misery of her life; she prayed to die.
+
+"Why are you so unhappy?" said the Count Leon kindly to her, one day.
+
+To have explained the cause of her wretchedness would have been death
+indeed.
+
+"I am going to give you a treat," continued Leon. "A celebrated singer
+is to appear to-night in the theater. I will send you to hear her, and
+afterward you shall sing to me what you remember of her performances."
+
+Anielka went. It was a new era in her existence. Herself, by this
+time, an artist, she could forget her griefs, and enter with her
+whole soul into the beauties of the art she now heard practiced in
+perfection for the first time. To music a chord responded in her
+breast which vibrated powerfully. During the performances she was
+at one moment pale and trembling, tears rushing into her eyes; at
+another, she was ready to throw herself at the feet of the cantatrice,
+in an ecstacy of admiration. "Prima donna,"--by that name the public
+called on her to receive their applause, and it was the same, thought
+Anielka, that Justiniani had bestowed upon her. Could she also be a
+prima donna? What a glorious destiny! To be able to communicate one's
+own emotions to masses of entranced listeners; to awaken in them, by
+the power of the voice, grief, love, terror.
+
+Strange thoughts continued to haunt her on her return home. She was
+unable to sleep. She formed desperate plans. At last she resolved to
+throw off the yoke of servitude, and the still more painful slavery of
+feelings which her pride disdained. Having learnt the address of the
+prima donna, she went early one morning to her house.
+
+On entering she said, in French, almost incoherently, so great was her
+agitation--"Madam, I am a poor serf belonging to a Polish family who
+have lately arrived in Florence. I have escaped from them; protect,
+shelter me. They say I can sing."
+
+The Signora Teresina, a warm-hearted, passionate Italian, was
+interested by her artless earnestness. She said, "Poor child! you must
+have suffered much,"--she took Anielka's hand in hers. "You say you
+can sing; let me hear you." Anielka seated herself on an ottoman. She
+clasped her hands over her knees, and tears fell into her lap. With
+plaintive pathos, and perfect truth of intonation, she prayed in
+song. The Hymn to the Virgin seemed to Teresina to be offered up by
+inspiration.
+
+The Signora was astonished. "Where," she asked, in wonder, "were you
+taught?"
+
+Anielka narrated her history, and when she had finished, the prima
+donna spoke so kindly to her that she felt as if she had known her for
+years. Anielka was Teresina's guest that day and the next. After the
+Opera, on the third day, the prima donna made her sit beside her, and
+said:--
+
+"I think you are a very good girl, and you shall stay with me always."
+
+The girl was almost beside herself with joy.
+
+"We will never part. Do you consent, Anielka?"
+
+"Do not call me Anielka. Give me instead some Italian name."
+
+"Well, then, be Giovanna. The dearest friend I ever had but whom I
+have lost--was named Giovanna," said the prima donna.
+
+"Then, I will be another Giovanna to you."
+
+Teresina then said, "I hesitated to receive you at first, for your
+sake as well as mine; it you are safe now. I learn that your master
+and mistress, after searching vainly for you, have returned to
+Poland."
+
+From this time Anielka commenced an entirely new life. She took
+lessons in singing every day from the Signora. and got an engagement
+to appear in inferior characters at the theater. She had now her own
+income, and her own servant--she, who till then had been obliged to
+serve herself. She acquired the Italian language rapidly, and soon
+passed for a native of the country.
+
+So passed three years. New and varied impressions failed, however,
+to blot out the old ones. Anielka arrived at great perfection in her
+singing, and even began to surpass the prima donna, who was losing
+her voice from weakness of the chest. This sad discovery changed the
+cheerful temper of Teresina. She ceased to sing in public; for she
+could not endure to excite pity, where she had formerly commanded
+admiration.
+
+She determined to retire. "You," she said to Anielka, "shall now
+assert your claim to the first rank in the vocal art. You will
+maintain it. You surpass me. Often, on hearing you sing, I have
+scarcely been able to stifle a feeling of jealousy."
+
+Anielka placed her hand on Teresina's shoulder, and kissed her.
+
+"Yes," continued Teresina, regardless of everything but the bright
+future she was shaping for her friend. "We will go to Vienna--there
+you will be understood and appreciated. You shall sing at the
+Italian Opera, and I will be by your side--unknown, no longer sought,
+worshiped--but will glory in your triumphs. They will be a repetition
+of my own; for have I not taught you? Will they not be the result of
+my work!"
+
+Though Anielka's ambition was fired, her heart was softened, and she
+wept violently.
+
+Five months had scarcely elapsed, when a _furore_ was created in
+Vienna by the first appearance, at the Italian Opera, of the Signora
+Giovanna. Her enormous salary at once afforded her the means of even
+extravagant expenditure. Her haughty treatment of male admirers only
+attracted new ones; but in the midst of her triumphs she thought often
+of the time when the poor orphan of Pobereze was cared for by nobody.
+This remembrance made her receive the flatteries of the crowd with
+an ironical smile; their fine speeches fell coldly on her ear, their
+eloquent looks made no impression on her heart: _that_, no change
+could alter, no temptation win.
+
+In the flood of unexpected success a new misfortune overwhelmed her.
+Since their arrival at Vienna, Teresina's health rapidly declined, and
+in the sixth month of Anielka's operatic reign she expired, leaving
+all her wealth, which was considerable, to her friend.
+
+Once more Anielka was alone in the world. Despite all the honors and
+blandishments of her position, the old feeling of desolateness came
+upon her. The new shock destroyed her health. She was unable to appear
+on the stage. To sing was a painful effort; she grew indifferent to
+what passed around her. Her greatest consolation was in succoring the
+poor and friendless, and her generosity was most conspicuous to all
+young orphan girls without fortune. She had never ceased to love her
+native land, and seldom appeared in society, unless it was to meet her
+countrymen. If ever she sang, it was in Polish.
+
+A year had elapsed since the death of the Signora Teresina, when
+the Count Selka, a rich noble of Volkynia, at that time in Vienna,
+solicited her presence at a party. It was impossible to refuse the
+Count and his lady, from whom she had received great kindness.
+She went. When in their saloons, filled with all the fashion and
+aristocracy in Vienna, the name of Giovanna was announced, a general
+murmur was heard. She entered, pale and languid, and proceeded between
+the two rows made for her by the admiring assembly, to the seat of
+honor beside the mistress of the house.
+
+Shortly after, the Count Selka led her to the piano. She sat down
+before it, and thinking what she should sing, glanced round upon the
+assembly. She could not help feeling that the admiration which beamed
+from the faces around her was the work of her own merit, for had she
+neglected the great gift of nature--her voice, she could not have
+excited it. With a blushing cheek, and eyes sparkling with honest
+pride, she struck the piano with a firm hand, and from her seemingly
+weak and delicate chest poured forth a touching Polish melody, with a
+voice pure, sonorous, and plaintive. Tears were in many eyes, and the
+beating of every heart was quickened.
+
+The song was finished, but the wondering silence was unbroken.
+Giovanna leaned exhausted on the arm of the chair, and cast down
+her eyes. On again raising them, she perceived a gentleman who gazed
+fixedly at her, as if he still listened to echoes which had not
+yet died within him. The master of the house, to dissipate his
+thoughtfulness, led him toward Giovanna. "Let me present to you,
+Signora," he said, "a countryman, the Count Leon Roszynski."
+
+The lady trembled; she silently bowed, fixed her eyes on the ground,
+and dared not raise them. Pleading indisposition, which was fully
+justified by her pallid features, she soon after withdrew.
+
+When on the following day Giovanna'a servant announced the Counts
+Selka and Roszynski, a peculiar smile played on her lips, and when
+they entered, she received the latter with the cold and formal
+politeness of a stranger. Controlling the feelings of her heart,
+she schooled her features to an expression of indifference. It was
+manifest from Leon's manner, that without the remotest recognition, an
+indefinable presentiment regarding her possessed him. The Counts had
+called to know if Giovanna had recovered from her indisposition. Leon
+begged to be permitted to call again.
+
+Where was his wife? why did he never mention her? Giovanna continually
+asked herself these questions when they had departed.
+
+A few nights after, the Count Leon arrived sad and thoughtful. He
+prevailed on Giovanna to sing one of her Polish melodies; which she
+told him had been taught, when a child, by her muse. Roszynski, unable
+to restrain the expression of an intense admiration he had long felt,
+frantically seized her hand, and exclaimed, "I love you!"
+
+She withdrew it from his grasp, remained silent for a few minutes,
+and then said slowly, distinctly, and ironically, "But I do not love
+_you_, Count Roszynski."
+
+Leon rose from his seat. He pressed his hands to his brow, and was
+silent. Giovanna remained calm and tranquil. "It is a penalty from
+Heaven," continued Leon, as if speaking to himself, "for not having
+fulfilled my duty as a husband toward one whom I chose voluntarily,
+but without reflection. I wronged her, and am punished."
+
+Giovanna turned her eyes upon him. Leon continued, "Young, and with
+a heart untouched, I married a princess about ten years older than
+myself, of eccentric habits and bad temper. She treated me as an
+inferior. She dissipated the fortune hoarded up with so much care by
+my parents, and yet was ashamed on account of my origin to be called
+by my name. Happily for me, she was fond of visiting and amusements.
+Otherwise, to escape from her, I might have become a gambler, or
+worse; but, to avoid meeting her, I remained at home--for there she
+seldom was. At first from ennui, but afterward from real delight in
+the occupation, I gave myself up to study. Reading formed my mind and
+heart. I became a changed being. Some months ago my father died, my
+sister went to Lithuania, whilst my mother, in her old age, and with
+her ideas, was quite incapable of understanding my sorrow. So when my
+wife went to the baths for the benefit of her ruined health, I came
+here in the hope of meeting with some of my former friends--I saw
+you--"
+
+Giovanna blushed like one detected; but speedily recovering herself,
+asked with calm pleasantry, "Surely you do not number _me_ among your
+former friends?"
+
+"I know not. I have been bewildered. It is strange; but from the
+moment that I saw you at Count Selka's, a powerful instinct of love
+overcame me; not a new feeling; but as if some latent, long-hid,
+undeveloped sentiment had suddenly burst forth into an uncontrollable
+passion. I love, I adore you. I--"
+
+The Prima Donna interrupted him--not with speech, but with a look
+which awed, which chilled him. Pride, scorn, irony sat in her smile.
+Satire darted from her eyes. After a pause, she repeated slowly and
+pointedly, "Love _me_, Count Roszynski?"
+
+"Such is my destiny," he replied. "Nor, despite your scorn, will I
+struggle against it. I feel it is my fate ever to love you; I fear it
+is my fate never to be loved by you. It is dreadful."
+
+Giovanna witnessed the Count's emotion with sadness. "To have," she
+said mournfully, "one's first, pure, ardent, passionate affection
+unrequited, scorned, made a jest of, is indeed a bitterness, almost
+equal to that of death."
+
+She made a strong effort to conceal her emotion. Indeed she controlled
+it so well as to speak the rest with a sort of gayety.
+
+"You have at least been candid, Count Roszynski; I will imitate you
+by telling a little history that occurred in your country. There was
+a poor girl born and bred a serf to her wealthy lord and master. When
+scarcely fifteen years old, she was torn from a state of happy rustic
+freedom--the freedom of humility and content--to be one of the courtly
+slaves of the Palace. Those who did not laugh at her, scolded her.
+One kind word was vouchsafed to her, and that came from the lord's
+son. She nursed it and treasured it; till, from long concealing and
+restraining her feelings, she at last found that gratitude had changed
+into a sincere affection. But what does a man of the world care for
+the love of a serf? It does not even flatter his vanity. The young
+nobleman did not understand the source of her tears and her grief, and
+he made a present of her, as he would have done of some animal, to his
+betrothed."
+
+Leon, agitated and somewhat enlightened, would have interrupted her;
+but Giovanna said, "Allow me to finish my tale. Providence did not
+abandon this poor orphan, but permitted her to rise to distinction by
+the talent with which she was endowed by nature. The wretched serf
+of Pobereze became a celebrated Italian cantatrice. _Then_ her former
+lord meeting her in society, and seeing her admired and courted by all
+the world, without knowing who she really was, was afflicted, as if by
+the dictates of Heaven, with a love for this same girl,--with a guilty
+love"--
+
+And Giovanna rose, as she said this, to remove herself further from
+her admirer.
+
+"No, no!" he replied earnestly; "with a pure and holy passion."
+
+"Impossible!" returned Giovanna. "Are you not married?"
+
+Roszynski vehemently tore a letter from his vest, and handed it to
+Giovanna. It was sealed with black, for it announced the death of his
+wife at the baths. It had only arrived that morning.
+
+"You have lost no time," said the cantatrice, endeavoring to conceal
+her feelings under an iron mask of reproach.
+
+There was a pause. Each dared not speak. The Count knew--but without
+actually and practically believing what seemed incredible--that
+Anielka and Giovanna were the same person--_his slave_. That terrible
+relationship checked him. Anielka, too, had played her part to the end
+of endurance. The long cherished tenderness, the faithful love of her
+life could not longer be wholly mastered. Hitherto they had spoken in
+Italian. She now said, in Polish,
+
+"You have a right, my Lord Roszynski, to that poor Anielka who escaped
+from the service of your wife in Florence; you can force her back to
+your palace, to its meanest work; but"--
+
+"Have mercy on me!" cried Leon.
+
+"But," continued the serf of Pobereze, firmly, "you cannot force me to
+love you."
+
+"Do not mock--do not torture me more; you are sufficiently revenged.
+I will not offend you by importunity. You must indeed hate me! But
+remember that we Poles wished to give freedom to our serfs; and for
+that very reason our country was invaded and dismembered by despotic
+powers. We must therefore continue to suffer slavery as it exists in
+Russia; but, soul and body, we are averse to it; and when our country
+once more becomes free, be assured no shadow of slavery will remain in
+the land. Curse then our enemies, and pity us that we stand in such
+a desperate position between Russian bayonets and Siberia, and the
+hatred of our serfs."
+
+So saying, and without waiting for a reply, Leon rushed from the room.
+The door was closed. Giovanna listened to the sounds of his rapid
+footsteps till they died in the street. She would have followed, but
+dared not. She ran to the window. Roszynski's carriage was rolling
+rapidly away, and she exclaimed vainly, "I love you, Leon; I loved you
+always!"
+
+Her tortures were unendurable. To relieve them she hastened to her
+desk, and wrote these words:
+
+"Dearest Leon, forgive me; let the past be forever forgotten. Return
+to your Anielka. She always has been, ever will be, yours!"
+
+She dispatched the missive. Was it too late, or would it bring him
+back? In the latter hope she retired to her chamber, to execute a
+little project.
+
+Leon was in despair. He saw he had been premature in so soon declaring
+his passion after the news of his wife's death, and vowed he would
+not see Anielka again for several months. To calm his agitation, he
+had ridden some miles into the country. When he returned to his hotel
+after some hours, he found her note. With the wild delight it had
+darted into his soul, he flew back to her.
+
+On regaining her saloon a new and terrible vicissitude seemed
+to sport with his passion--she was nowhere to be seen. Had the
+Italian cantatrice fled? Again he was in despair-stupefied with
+disappointment. As he stood uncertain how to act, in the midst of
+the floor, he heard, as from a distance, an Ave Maria poured forth
+in tones he half recognized. The sounds brought back to him a host
+of recollections: a weeping serf--the garden of his own palace. In a
+state of new rapture he followed the voice. He traced it to an inner
+chamber, and he there beheld the lovely singer kneeling in the costume
+of a Polish serf. She rose, greeted Leon with a touching smile, and
+stepped forward with serious bashfulness. Leon extended his arms; she
+sank into them; and in that fond embrace all past wrongs and sorrows
+were forgotten! Anielka drew from her bosom a little purse, and took
+from it a piece of silver, It was the rouble. Now, Leon did not smile
+at it. He comprehended the sacredness of this little gift, and some
+tears of repentance fell on Anielka's hand.
+
+A few months after, Leon wrote to the steward of Olgogrod to prepare
+everything splendidly for the reception of his second wife. He
+concluded his letter with these words:
+
+"I understand that in the dungeon beneath my palace there are some
+unfortunate men, who were imprisoned during my father's lifetime. Let
+them be instantly liberated. This is my first act of gratitude to God,
+who has so infinitely blessed me!"
+
+Anielka longed ardently to behold her native land. They left Vienna
+immediately after the wedding, although it was in the middle of
+January.
+
+It was already quite dark when the carriage, with its four horses,
+stopped in front of the portico of the palace of Olgogrod. Whilst the
+footman was opening the door on one side, a beggar soliciting alms
+appeared at the other, where Anielka was seated. Happy to perform a
+good action as she crossed the threshold of her new home, she gave him
+some money; but the man, instead of thanking her, returned her bounty
+with a savage laugh, at the same time scowling at her in the fiercest
+manner from beneath his thick and shaggy brows. The strangeness
+of this circumstance sensibly affected Anielka, and clouded her
+happiness. Leon soothed and reassured her. In the arms of her beloved
+husband she forgot all but the happiness of being the idol of his
+affections.
+
+Fatigue and excitement made the night most welcome. All was dark and
+silent around the palace, and some hours of the night had passed,
+when suddenly flames burst forth from several parts of the building at
+once. The palace was enveloped in fire; it raged furiously. The flames
+mounted higher and higher; the windows cracked with a fearful sound,
+and the smoke penetrated into the most remote apartments.
+
+A single figure of a man was seen stealing over the snow, which lay
+like a winding-sheet on the solitary waste; his cautious steps were
+heard on the frozen snow as it crisped beneath his tread. It was the
+beggar who had accosted Anielka. On a rising ground he turned to gaze
+on the terrible scene.
+
+"No more unfortunate creatures will now be doomed to pass their lives
+in your dungeons," he exclaimed. "What was _my_ crime? Reminding my
+master of the lowness of his birth. For this they tore me from my only
+child--my darling little Anielka; they had no pity even for her orphan
+state; let them perish all!"
+
+Suddenly a young and beautiful creature rushes wildly to one of the
+principal windows: she makes a violent effort to escape. For a moment
+her lovely form, clothed in white, shines in terrible relief against
+the background of blazing curtains and walls of fire, and as instantly
+sinks back into the blazing element. Behind her is another figure,
+vainly endeavoring to aid her--he perishes also: neither of them are
+ever seen again!
+
+This appalling tragedy horrified even the perpetrator of the crime. He
+rushed from the place, and as he heard the crash of the falling walls,
+he closed his ears with his hands, and darted on faster and faster.
+
+The next day some peasants discovered the body of a man frozen
+to death, lying on a heap of snow--it was that of the wretched
+incendiary. Providence, mindful of his long, of his cruel imprisonment
+and sufferings, spared him the anguish of knowing that the mistress of
+the palace he had destroyed, and who perished in the flames, was his
+own beloved daughter--the Serf of Pobereze!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A TRUE POET never takes a "poetic license."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FROM THE DUBLIN UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.
+
+THE MYSTERIOUS COMPACT.
+
+IN TWO PARTS.--PART I.
+
+
+In the latter years of the last century, two youths, Ferdinand Von
+Hallberg and Edward Von Wensleben were receiving their education in
+the military academy of Mariensheim. Among their schoolfellows they
+were called Orestes and Pylades, or Damon and Pythias, on account
+of their tender friendship, which constantly recalled to their
+schoolfellows' minds the history of these ancient worthies. Both were
+sons of officers who had long served the state with honor, both were
+destined for their father's profession, both accomplished and endowed
+by nature with no mean talents. But fortune had not been so impartial
+in the distribution of her favors--Hallberg's father lived on a small
+pension, by means of which he defrayed the expenses of his son's
+schooling at the cost of the government; while Wensleben's parents
+willingly paid the handsomest salary in order to insure to their
+only child the best education which the establishment afforded.
+This disparity in circumstances at first produced a species of proud
+reserve, amounting to coldness, in Ferdinand's deportment, which
+yielded by degrees to the cordial affection that Edward manifested
+toward him on every occasion. Two years older than Edward, of a
+thoughtful and almost melancholy turn of mind, Ferdinand soon gained
+a considerable influence over his weaker friend, who clung to him with
+almost girlish dependence.
+
+Their companionship had now lasted with satisfaction and happiness to
+both, for several years, and the youths had formed for themselves the
+most delightful plans--how they were never to separate, how they were
+to enter the service in the same regiment, and if a war broke out,
+how they were to fight side by side, and conquer or die together. But
+destiny, or rather Providence--whose plans are usually opposed to the
+designs of mortals--had ordained otherwise.
+
+Earlier than was expected, Hallberg's father found an opportunity to
+have his son appointed to an infantry regiment, and he was ordered
+immediately to join the staff in a small provincial town, in an
+out-of-the-way mountainous district. This announcement fell like a
+thunderbolt on the two friends; but Ferdinand considered himself by
+far the more unhappy, since it was ordained that he should be the one
+to sever the happy bond that bound them, and to inflict a deep wound
+on his loved companion. His schoolfellows vainly endeavored to console
+him by calling his attention to his new commission, and the preference
+which had been shown him above so many others. He only thought of the
+approaching separation; he only saw his friend's grief, and passed the
+few remaining days that were allowed him at the academy by Edward's
+side, who husbanded every moment of his Ferdinand's society with
+jealous care, and could not bear to lose sight of him for an instant.
+In one of their most melancholy hours, excited by sorrow and youthful
+enthusiasm, they bound themselves by a mysterious vow, namely, that
+the one whom God should think fit to call first from this world,
+should bind himself (if conformable to the Divine will) to give some
+sign of his remembrance and affection to the survivor.
+
+The place where this vow was made was a solitary spot in the garden,
+by a monument of gray marble, overshadowed by dark firs, which the
+former director of the institution had caused to be erected to the
+memory of his son, whose premature death was recorded on the stone.
+
+Here the friends met at night, and by the fitful light of the moon
+they pledged themselves to the rash and fanciful contract, and
+confirmed and consecrated it the next morning by a religious ceremony.
+After this they were able to look the approaching separation in the
+face more manfully, and Edward strove hard to quell the melancholy
+feeling which had lately arisen in his mind on account of the constant
+foreboding that Ferdinand expressed of his own early death. "No,"
+thought Edward, "his pensive turn of mind and his wild imagination
+cause him to reproach himself without a cause for my sorrow and his
+own departure. Oh, no, Ferdinand will not die early--he will not die
+before me. Providence will not leave me alone in the world."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The lonely Edward strove hard to console himself, for after
+Ferdinand's departure, the house, the world itself, seemed a desert;
+and absorbed by his own memories, he now recalled to mind many a dark
+speech which had fallen from his absent friend, particularly in the
+latter days of their intercourse, and which betokened but too plainly
+a presentiment of early death. But time and youth exercised, even
+over these sorrows, their irresistible influence. Edward's spirits
+gradually recovered their tone, and as the traveler always has the
+advantage over the one who remains behind, in respect of new objects
+to occupy his mind, so was Ferdinand even sooner calmed and cheered,
+and by degrees he became engrossed by his new duties and new
+acquaintances, not to the exclusion, indeed, of his friend's memory,
+but greatly to the alienation of his own sorrow. It was natural, in
+such circumstances, that the young officer should console himself
+sooner than poor Edward. The country in which Hallberg found
+himself was wild and mountainous, but possessed all the charms and
+peculiarities of "far off" districts--simple, hospitable manners,
+old-fashioned customs, many tales and legends which arise from
+the credulity of the mountaineers, who invariably lean toward the
+marvelous, and love to people the wild solitudes with invisible
+beings.
+
+Ferdinand had soon, without seeking for it, made acquaintance with
+several respectable families in the town; and as it generally
+happens in such cases, he had become quite domesticated in the best
+country-houses in the neighborhood; and the well-mannered, handsome,
+and agreeable youth was welcomed everywhere. The simple, patriarchal
+life in these old mansions and castles--the cordiality of the people,
+the wild, picturesque scenery, nay, the very legends themselves, were
+entirely to Hallberg's taste. He adapted himself easily to his new
+mode of life, but his heart remained tranquil. This could not last.
+Before half a year had passed, the battalion to which he belonged was
+ordered to another station, and he had to part with many friends. The
+first letter which he wrote after this change bore the impression
+of impatience at the breaking up of a happy time. Edward found this
+natural enough; but he was surprised in the following letters to
+detect signs of a disturbed and desultory state of mind, wholly
+foreign to his friend's nature. The riddle was soon solved.
+Ferdinand's heart was touched for the first time, and perhaps because
+the impression had been made late, it was all the deeper. Unfavorable
+circumstances opposed themselves to his hopes: the young lady was
+of an ancient family, rich, and betrothed since her childhood to a
+relation, who was expected shortly to arrive in order to claim her
+promised hand. Notwithstanding this engagement, Ferdinand and the
+young girl had become sincerely attached to each other, and had
+both resolved to dare everything with the hope of being united. They
+pledged their troth in secret; the darkest mystery enveloped not only
+their plans, but their affections; and as secrecy was necessary to
+the advancement of their projects, Ferdinand entreated his friend to
+forgive him if he did not intrust his whole secret to a sheet of paper
+that had at least sixty miles to travel, and which must pass through
+so many hands. It was impossible from his letter to guess the name of
+the person or the place in question. "You know that I love," he wrote,
+"therefore you know that the object of my secret passion is worthy
+of any sacrifice; for you know your friend too well to believe him
+capable of any blind infatuation, and this must suffice for the
+present. No one must suspect what we are to each other; no one here or
+round the neighborhood must have the slightest clew to our plans. An
+awful personage will soon make his appearance among us. His violent
+temper, his inveterate obstinacy, (according to all that one hears of
+him,) are well calculated to confirm in _her_ a well-founded aversion.
+But family arrangements and legal contracts exist, the fulfillment
+of which the opposing party are bent on enforcing. The struggle will
+be hard--perhaps unsuccessful; notwithstanding, I will strain every
+nerve. Should I fail, you must console yourself, my dear Edward,
+with the thought, that it will be no misfortune to your friend to
+be deprived of an existence rendered miserable by the failure of his
+dearest hopes, and separation from his dearest friend. Then may all
+the happiness which Heaven has denied me be vouchsafed to you and her,
+so that my spirit may look down contentedly from the realms of light,
+and bless and protect you both."
+
+Such was the usual tenor of the letters which Edward received during
+that period, His heart was full of anxiety--he read danger and
+distress in the mysterious communications of Ferdinand; and every
+argument that affection and good sense could suggest did he make use
+of, in his replies, to turn his friend from this path of peril which
+threatened to end in a deep abyss. He tried persuasion, and urged him
+to desist for the sake of their long-tried affection--but when did
+passion ever listen to the expostulations of friendship?
+
+Ferdinand only saw one aim in life--the possession of the beloved
+one. All else faded from before his eyes, and even his correspondence
+slackened, for his time was much taken up in secret excursions,
+arrangements of all kinds, and communications with all manner of
+persons; in fact every action of his present life tended to the
+furtherance of his plan.
+
+All of a sudden his letters ceased. Many posts passed without a sign
+of life. Edward was a prey to the greatest anxiety; he thought his
+friend had staked and lost. He imagined an elopement, a clandestine
+marriage, a duel with a rival, and all these casualties were the more
+painful to conjecture, since his entire ignorance of the real state
+of things gave his fancy full range to conjure up all sorts of
+misfortunes. At length, after many more posts had come in without a
+line to pacify Edward's fears, without a word in reply to his earnest
+entreaties for some news, he determined on taking a step which he had
+meditated before, and only relinquished out of consideration for his
+friend's wishes. He wrote to the officer commanding the regiment,
+and made inquiries respecting the health and abode of Lieutenant Von
+Hallberg, whose friends in the capital had remained for nearly two
+months without news of him, he who had hitherto proved a regular and
+frequent correspondent.
+
+Another fortnight dragged heavily on, and at length the announcement
+came in an official form. Lieutenant Von Hallberg had been invited
+to the castle of a nobleman whom he was in the custom of visiting, in
+order to be present at the wedding of a lady; that he was indisposed
+at the time, that he grew worse, and on the third morning had been
+found dead in his bed, having expired during the night from an attack
+of apoplexy.
+
+Edward could not finish the letter--it fell from his trembling hand.
+To see his worst fears realized so suddenly, overwhelmed him at first.
+His youth withstood the bodily illness which would have assailed a
+weaker constitution, and perhaps mitigated the anguish of his grief.
+He was not dangerously ill, but they feared many days for his reason;
+and it required all the kind solicitude of the director of the
+college, combined with the most skillful medical aid, to stem the
+torrent of his sorrow, and to turn it gradually into a calmer channel,
+until by degrees the mourner recovered both health and reason. His
+youthful spirits, however, had received a blow from which they
+never rebounded, and one thought lay heavy on his mind, which he was
+unwilling to share with any other person, and which, on that account,
+grew more and more painful. It was the memory of that holy promise
+which had been mutually contracted, that the survivor was to receive
+some token of his friend's remembrance of him after death. Now two
+months had already passed since Ferdinand's earthly career had been
+arrested, his spirit was free, why no sign? In the moment of death
+Edward had had no intimation, no message from the passing spirit, and
+this apparent neglect, so to speak, was another deep wound in Edward's
+breast. Do the affections cease with life? Was it contrary to the will
+of the Almighty that the mourner should taste this consolation? Did
+individuality lose itself in death, and with it memory? Or did one
+stroke destroy spirit and body? These anxious doubts, which have
+before now agitated many who reflect on such subjects, exercised their
+power over Edward's mind with an intensity that none can imagine save
+one whose position is in any degree similar.
+
+Time gradually deadened the intensity of his affliction. The violent
+paroxysms of grief subsided into a deep but calm regret. It was as
+if a mist had spread itself over every object which presented itself
+before him, robbing them indeed of half their charms, yet leaving them
+visible, and in their real relation to himself. During this mental
+change the autumn arrived, and with it the long-expected commission.
+It did not indeed occasion the joy which it might have done in former
+days, when it would have led to a meeting with Ferdinand, or at
+all events to a better chance of meeting, but it released him from
+the thraldom of college, and it opened to him a welcome sphere of
+activity. Now it so happened that his appointment led him accidentally
+into the very neighborhood where Ferdinand had formerly resided, only
+with this difference, that Edward's squadron was quartered in the
+lowlands, about a short day's journey from the town and woodland
+environs in question.
+
+He proceeded to his quarters, and found an agreeable occupation in the
+exercise of his new duties.
+
+He had no wish to make acquaintances, yet he did not refuse the
+invitations that were pressed upon him, lest he should he accused of
+eccentricity and rudeness; and so be found himself soon entangled in
+all sorts of engagements with the neighboring gentry and nobility. If
+these so-called gayeties gave him no particular pleasure, at least for
+the time they diverted his thoughts; and with this view he accepted
+an invitation (for the new-year and carnival were near at hand) to
+a great shooting-match which was to be held in the mountains--a spot
+which it was possible to reach in one day, with favorable weather
+and the roads in good state. The day was appointed, the air tolerably
+clear; a mild frost had made the roads safe and even, and Edward had
+every expectation of being able to reach Blumenberg in his sledge
+before night, as on the following morning the match was to take place.
+But as soon as he got near the mountains, where the sun retires so
+early to rest, snow-clouds drove from all quarters, a cutting wind
+came roaring through the ravines, and a heavy fall of snow began.
+Twice the driver lost his way, and daylight was gone before he had
+well recovered it; darkness came on sooner than in other places,
+walled in as they were by dark mountains, with dark clouds above their
+heads. It was out of the question to dream of reaching Blumenberg that
+night; but in this hospitable land, where every householder welcomes
+the passing traveler, Edward was under no anxiety as to shelter.
+He only wished, before the night quite set in, to reach some
+country-house or castle; and now that the storm had abated in some
+degree, that the heavens were a little clearer, and that a few
+stars peeped out, a large valley opened before them, whose bold
+outline Edward could distinguish, even in the uncertain light. The
+well-defined roofs of a neat village were perceptible, and behind
+these, half-way up the mountain that crowned the plain, Edward thought
+he could discern a large building which glimmered with more than one
+light. The road led straight into the village. Edward stopped and
+inquired.
+
+That building was indeed a castle: the village belonged to it, and
+both were the property of the Baron Friedenberg. "Friedenberg!"
+repeated Edward: the name sounded familiar to him, yet he could not
+call to mind when and where he had heard it. He inquired if the family
+were at home, hired a guide, and arrived at length by a rugged path
+which wound itself round steep rocks, to the summit of them, and
+finally to the castle, which was perched there like an eagle's nest.
+The tinkling of the bells on Edward's sledge attracted the attention
+of the inmates; the door was opened with prompt hospitality; servants
+appeared with torches; Edward was assisted to emerge from under the
+frozen apron of his carriage, out of his heavy pelisse, stiff with
+hoar-frost, and up a comfortable staircase into a long saloon of
+simple construction, where a genial warmth appeared to welcome him
+from a huge stove in the corner. The servants here placed two large
+burning candles in massive silver sconces, and went out to announce
+the stranger.
+
+The fitting-up of the room, or rather saloon, was perfectly simple.
+Family portraits, in heavy frames, hung round the walls, diversified
+by some maps. Magnificent stags' horns were arranged between; and
+the taste of the master of the house was easily detected in the
+hunting-knives, powder-flasks, carbines, smoking-bags, and sportsmen's
+pouches, which were arranged, not without taste, as trophies of the
+chase. The ceiling was supported by large beams, dingy with smoke
+and age; and on the sides of the room were long benches, covered and
+padded with dark cloth, and studded with large brass nails; while
+round the dinner-table were placed several arm-chairs, also of
+ancient date. All bore the aspect of the good old times, of a simple,
+patriarchal life with affluence. Edward felt as if there were a
+kind welcome in the inanimate objects which surrounded him, when the
+inner-door opened, and the master of the house entered, preceded by a
+servant, and welcomed his guest with courteous cordiality.
+
+Some apologies which Edward offered on account of his intrusion, were
+silenced in a moment.
+
+"Come, now, Lieutenant," said the Baron, "I must introduce you to my
+family. You are not such a stranger to us, as you fancy."
+
+With these words he took Edward by the arm, and, lighted by the
+servant, they passed through several lofty rooms, which were very
+handsomely furnished, although in an old-fashioned style, with faded
+Flemish carpets, large chandeliers, and high-backed chairs: everything
+in keeping with what the youth had already seen in the castle. Here
+were the ladies of the house. At the other end of the room, by the
+side of an immense stove, ornamented with a large shield of the family
+arms, richly emblazoned, and crowned by a gigantic Turk, in a most
+comfortable attitude of repose sat the lady of the house, an elderly
+matron of tolerable circumference, in a gown of dark red satin, with
+a black mantle and a snow-white cap. She appeared to be playing cards
+with the chaplain, who sat opposite to her at the table, and the Baron
+Friedenberg to have made the third hand at ombre, till he was called
+away to welcome his guest. On the other side of the room were two
+young ladies, an elder person, who might be a governess, and a couple
+of children, very much engrossed by a game at lotto.
+
+As Edward entered, the ladies rose to greet him, a chair was placed
+for him near the mistress of the house, and very soon a cup of
+chocolate and a bottle of tokay were served on a rich silver salver,
+to restore the traveler after the cold and discomfort of his drive:
+in fact it was easy for him to feel that these "far away" people were
+by no means displeased at his arrival. An agreeable conversation
+soon began among all parties. His travels, the shooting-match, the
+neighborhood, agriculture, all afforded subjects, and in a quarter
+of an hour Edward felt as if he had long been domesticated with these
+simple but truly well-informed people.
+
+Two hours flew swiftly by, and then a bell sounded for supper; the
+servants returned with lights, announced that the supper was on the
+table, and lighted the company into the dining-room--the same into
+which Edward had first been ushered. Here, in the background, some
+other characters appeared on the scene--the agent, a couple of his
+subalterns, and the physician. The guests ranged themselves round the
+table. Edward's place was between the Baron and his wife. The chaplain
+said a short grace, when the Baroness, with an uneasy look, glanced at
+her husband over Edward's shoulder, and said, in a low whisper--
+
+"My love, we are thirteen--that will never do."
+
+The Baron smiled, beckoned to the youngest of the clerks, and
+whispered to him. The youth bowed, and withdrew. The servant took the
+cover away, and served his supper in the next room.
+
+"My wife," said Friedenberg, "is superstitious, as all mountaineers
+are. She thinks it unlucky to dine thirteen. It certainly has happened
+twice (whether from chance or not who can tell?) that we have had to
+mourn the death of an acquaintance who had, a short time before, made
+the thirteenth at our table."
+
+"This idea is not confined to the mountains. I know many people in the
+capital who think with the Baroness," said Edward. "Although in a town
+such ideas, which belong more especially to the olden time, are more
+likely to be lost in the whirl and bustle which usually silences
+everything that is not essentially matter of fact."
+
+"Ah, yes, Lieutenant," replied the Baron, smiling good-humoredly,
+"we keep up old customs better in the mountains. You see that by our
+furniture. People in the capital would call this sadly old-fashioned."
+
+"That which is really good and beautiful can never appear out of
+date," rejoined Edward courteously; "and here, if I mistake not,
+presides a spirit that is ever striving after both. I must confess,
+Baron, that when I first entered your house, it was this very aspect
+of the olden time that enchanted me beyond measure."
+
+"That is always the effect which simplicity has on every unspoiled
+mind," answered Friedenberg: "but townspeople have seldom a taste for
+such things."
+
+"I was partly educated on my father's estate," said Edward, "which was
+situated in the Highlands; and it appears to me as if, when I entered
+your house, I were visiting a neighbor of my father's, for the general
+aspect is quite the same here as with us."
+
+"Yes," said the chaplain, "mountainous districts have all a family
+likeness: the same necessities, the same struggles with nature, the
+same seclusion, all produce the same way of life among mountaineers."
+
+"On that account the prejudice against the number thirteen was
+especially familiar to me," replied Edward. "We also dislike it;
+and we retain a consideration for many supernatural, or at
+least inexplicable things, which I have met with again in this
+neighborhood."
+
+"Yes, here, almost more than anywhere else," continued the chaplain,
+"I think we excel all other mountaineers in the number and variety of
+our legends and ghost stories. I assure you that there is not a cave
+or a church, or, above all, a castle, for miles round about, of which
+we could not relate something supernatural."
+
+The Baroness, who perceived the turn which the conversation was likely
+to take, thought it better to send the children to bed; and when they
+were gone, the priest continued, "Even here, in this castle--"
+
+"Here!" inquired Edward, "in this very castle?"
+
+"Yes, yes! Lieutenant," interposed the Baron, "this house has the
+reputation of being haunted; and the most extraordinary thing is, that
+the matter cannot be denied by the skeptical, or accounted for by the
+reasonable."
+
+"And yet," said Edward, "the castle looks so cheerful, so habitable."
+
+"Yes, this part which we live in," answered the Baron; "but it
+consists of only a few apartments sufficient for my family and these
+gentlemen; the other portion of the building is half in ruins, and
+dates from the period when men established themselves on the mountains
+for greater safety."
+
+"There are some who maintain," said the physician, "that a part of the
+walls of the stern tower itself are of Roman origin; but that would
+surely be difficult to prove."
+
+"But, gentlemen," observed the Baroness, "you are losing yourselves in
+learned descriptions as to the erection of the castle, and our guest
+is kept in ignorance of what he is anxious to hear."
+
+"Indeed, madam," replied the chaplain, "this is not entirely foreign
+to the subject, since in the most ancient part of the building lies
+the chamber in question."
+
+"Where apparitions have been seen?" inquired Edward, eagerly.
+
+"Not exactly," replied the Baroness; "there is nothing fearful to be
+seen."
+
+"Come, let us tell him at once," interrupted the Baron. "The fact is,
+that every guest who sleeps for the first time in this room (and it
+has fallen to the lot of many, in turn, to do so,) is visited by some
+important, significant dream or vision, or whatever I ought to call
+it, in which some future event is prefigured to him, or some past
+mystery cleared up, which he had vainly striven to comprehend before."
+
+"Then," interposed Edward, "it must be something like what is known
+in the Highlands, under the name of second sight, a privilege, as some
+consider it, which several persons and several families enjoy."
+
+"Just so," said the physician, "the cases are very similar; yet the
+most mysterious part of this affair is, that it does not appear to
+originate with the individual, or his organization, or his sympathy
+with beings of the invisible world; no, the individual has nothing to
+say to it--the locality does it all. Every one who sleeps there has
+his mysterious dream, and the result proves its truth."
+
+"At least, in most instances," continued the Baron, "when we have had
+an opportunity of hearing the cases confirmed. I remember once, in
+particular. You may recollect, Lieutenant, that when you first came
+in, I had the honor of telling you you were not quite a stranger to
+me."
+
+"Certainly, Baron; and I have been wishing for a long time to ask an
+explanation of these words."
+
+"We have often heard your name mentioned by a particular friend of
+yours--one who could never pronounce it without emotion."
+
+"Ah!" cried Edward, who now saw clearly why the Baron's name had
+sounded familiar to him also--"ah! you speak of my friend Hallberg;
+truly do you say, we were indeed dear to each other."
+
+"Were!" echoed the Baron, in a faltering tone, as he observed the
+sudden change in Edward's voice and countenance; "can the blooming,
+vigorous youth be--"
+
+"Dead!" exclaimed Edward; and the Baron deeply regretted that he had
+touched so tender a chord, as he saw the young officer's eyes fill
+with tears, and a dark cloud pass over his animated features.
+
+"Forgive me," he continued, while he leaned forward and pressed
+his companion's hand; "I grieve that a thoughtless word should have
+awakened such deep sorrow. I had no idea of his death; we all loved
+the handsome young man, and by his description of you were already
+much interested in you before we had ever seen you."
+
+The conversation now turned entirely on Hallberg. Edward related the
+particulars of his death. Every one present had something to say in
+his praise; and although this sudden allusion to his dearest friend
+had agitated Edward in no slight degree, yet it was a consolation to
+him to listen to the tribute these worthy people paid to the memory of
+Ferdinand, and to see how genuine was their regret at the tidings of
+his early death. The time passed swiftly away in conversation of much
+interest, and the whole company were surprised to hear ten o'clock
+strike, an unusually late hour for this quiet, regular family. The
+chaplain read prayers, in which Edward devoutly joined, and then
+he kissed the matron's hand, and felt almost as if he were in his
+father's house. The Baron offered to show his guest to his room, and
+the servant preceded them with lights. The way led past the staircase,
+and then on one side into a long gallery, which communicated with
+another wing of the castle.
+
+The high-vaulted ceilings, the curious carving on the ponderous
+doorways, the pointed gothic windows, through many broken panes of
+which a sharp nightwind whistled, proved to Edward that he was in the
+old part of the castle, and that the famous chamber could not be far
+off.
+
+"Would it be possible for me to be quartered there," he began, rather
+timidly; "I should like it of all things."
+
+"Really!" inquired the Baron, rather surprised; "have not our ghost
+stories alarmed you?"
+
+"On the contrary," was the reply, "they have excited the most earnest
+wish--"
+
+"Then, if that be the case," said the Baron, "we will return. The room
+was already prepared for you, being the most comfortable and the best
+in the whole wing; only I fancied, after our conversation--"
+
+"Oh, certainly not," exclaimed Edward; "I could only long for such
+dreams."
+
+During this discourse they had arrived at the door of the famous room.
+They went in. They found themselves in a lofty and spacious apartment,
+so large that the two candles which the servant carried only shed a
+glimmering twilight over it, which did not penetrate to the furthest
+corner. A high-canopied bed, hung with costly but old-fashioned
+damask, of dark green, in which were swelling pillows of snowy
+whiteness, tied with green bows, and a silk coverlet of the same
+color, looked very inviting to the tired traveler. Sofa and chairs
+of faded needlework, a carved oak commode and table, a looking-glass
+in heavy framework, a prie-dieu and crucifix above it, constituted
+the furniture of the room, where, above all things, cleanliness and
+comfort preponderated, while a good deal of silver plate was spread
+out on the toilet-table.
+
+Edward looked round. "A beautiful room!" he said. "Answer me one
+question, Baron, if you please. Did he ever sleep here?"
+
+"Certainly," replied Friedenberg; "it was his usual room when he
+was here, and he had a most curious dream in that bed, which, as he
+assured us, made a great impression on him."
+
+"And what was it?" inquired Edward.
+
+"He never told us, for, as you well know, he was reserved by nature;
+but we gathered from some words that he let slip, that an early and
+sudden death was foretold. Alas! your narrative has confirmed the
+truth of the prediction."
+
+"Wonderful! He always had a similar foreboding, and many a time has
+he grieved me by alluding to it," said Edward; "yet it never made
+him gloomy or discontented. He went on his way firmly and calmly, and
+looked forward with joy, I might almost say, to another life."
+
+"He was a superior man," answered the Baron. "whose memory will ever
+be dear to us. But now I will detain you no longer. Good night. Here
+is the bell"--he showed him the cord in between the curtains--"and
+your servant sleeps in the next room."
+
+"Oh, you are too careful of me," said Edward, smiling; "I am used to
+sleep by myself."
+
+"Still," replied the Baron, "every precaution should be taken. Now
+once more good night."
+
+He shook him by the hand, and, followed by the servant, left the room.
+
+Thus Edward found himself alone, in the large, mysterious-looking,
+haunted room, where his deceased friend had so often reposed; where
+he also was expected to see a vision. The awe which the place itself
+inspired, combined with the sad and yet tender recollection of the
+departed Ferdinand, produced a state of mental excitement which was
+not favorable to his night's rest. He had already undressed with the
+aid of his servant (whom he had then dismissed,) and had been in
+bed some time, having extinguished the candles. No sleep visited his
+eyelids; and the thought recurred which had so often troubled him,
+why he had never received the promised token from Ferdinand, whether
+his friend's spirit were among the blest--whether his silence (so to
+speak) proceeded from unwillingness or incapacity to communicate with
+the living. A mingled train of reflections agitated his mind; his
+brain grew heated; his pulse beat faster and faster. The castle clock
+tolled eleven--half-past eleven. He counted the strokes: and at
+that moment the moon rose above the dark margin of the rocks which
+surrounded the castle, and shed her full light into Edward's room.
+Every object stood out in relief from the darkness. Edward gazed, and
+thought, and speculated. It seemed to him as if something moved in the
+furthest corner of the room. The movement was evident--it assumed a
+form--the form of a man, which appeared to advance, or rather to float
+forward. Here Edward lost all sense of surrounding objects, and found
+himself once more sitting at the foot of the monument in the garden
+of the academy, where he had contracted the bond with his friend.
+As formerly, the moon streamed through the dark branches of the
+fir-trees, and shed its pale cold light on the cold white marble of
+the monument. Then the floating form which had appeared in the room of
+the castle became clearer, more substantial, more earthly-looking; it
+issued from behind the tombstone, and stood in the full moonlight. It
+was Ferdinand, in the uniform of his regiment, earnest and pale, but
+with a kind smile on his features.
+
+"Ferdinand, Ferdinand!" cried Edward, overcome by joy and surprise,
+and he strove to embrace the well-loved form, but it waved him aside
+with a melancholy look.
+
+"Ah! you are dead," continued the speaker; "and why then do I see you
+just as you looked when living?"
+
+"Edward," answered the apparition, in a voice that sounded as if it
+came from afar, "I am dead, but my spirit has no peace."
+
+"You are not with the blest?" cried Edward, in a voice of terror.
+
+"God is merciful," it replied; "but we are frail and sinful creatures;
+inquire no more, but pray for me."
+
+"With all my heart," cried Edward, in a tone of anguish, while he
+gazed with affection on the familiar features; "but speak, what can I
+do for thee?"
+
+"An unholy tie still binds me to earth. I have sinned. I was cut off
+in the midst of my sinful projects. This ring burns." He slipped a
+small gold ring from his left hand. "Only when every token of this
+unholy compact is destroyed, and when I recover the ring which I
+exchanged for this, only then can my spirit be at rest. Oh, Edward,
+dear Edward, bring me back my ring!"
+
+"With joy--but where, where am I to seek it?"
+
+"Emily Varnier will give it thee herself; our engagement was contrary
+to holy duties, to prior engagements, to earlier vows. God denied
+his blessing to the guilty project, and my course was arrested in a
+fearful manner. Pray for me, Edward, and bring me back the ring, my
+ring," continued the voice, in a mournful tone of appeal.
+
+Then the features of the deceased smiled sadly but tenderly; then all
+appeared to float once more before Edward's eyes--the form was lost
+in mist, the monument, the fir-grove, the moonlight, disappeared; a
+long, gloomy, breathless pause followed. Edward lay, half sleeping,
+half benumbed, in a confused manner; portions of the dream returned
+to him--some images, some sounds--above all, the petition for the
+restitution of the ring. But an indescribable power bound his limbs,
+closed his eyelids, and silenced his voice; mental consciousness alone
+was left him, yet his mind was a prey to terror.
+
+At length these painful sensations subsided--his nerves became more
+braced, his breath came more freely, a pleasing languor crept over his
+limbs, and he fell into a peaceful sleep. When he awoke it was already
+broad daylight; his sleep toward the end of the night had been
+quiet and refreshing. He felt strong and well, but as soon as the
+recollection of his dream returned, a deep melancholy took possession
+of him, and he felt the traces of tears which grief had wrung from
+him on his eyelashes. But what had the vision been? A mere dream
+engendered by the conversation of the evening, and his affection for
+Hallberg's memory, or was it at length the fulfillment of the compact?
+
+There, out of that dark corner, had the form risen up, and moved
+toward him. But might it not have been the effect of light and shade
+produced by the moonbeams, and the dark branches of a large tree close
+to the window, when agitated by the high wind? Perhaps he had seen
+this, and then fallen asleep, and all combined, had woven itself into
+a dream. But the name of Emily Varnier! Edward did not remember ever
+to have heard it; certainly it had never been mentioned in Ferdinand's
+letters. Could it be the name of his love, of the object of that
+ardent and unfortunate passion? Could the vision be one of truth? He
+was meditating, lost in thought, when there was a knock at his door,
+and the servant entered. Edward rose hastily, and sprang out of
+bed. As he did so, he heard something fall with a ringing sound;
+the servant stooped and picked up a gold ring, plain gold, like a
+wedding-ring. Edward shuddered: he snatched it from the servant's
+hand, and the color forsook his cheeks as he read the two words
+"Emily Varnier" engraved inside the hoop. He stood there like one
+thunderstruck, as pale as a corpse, with the proof in his hand that
+he had not merely dreamed, but had actually spoken with the spirit
+of his friend. A servant of the household came in to ask whether the
+Lieutenant wished to breakfast in his room, or down stairs with the
+family. Edward would willingly have remained alone with the thoughts
+that pressed heavily on him, but a secret dread lest his absence
+should be remarked, and considered as a proof of fear, after all
+that had passed on the subject of the haunted room, determined him
+to accept the proposal. He dressed hastily, and arranged his hair
+carefully, but the paleness of his face, and the traces of tears in
+his eyes, were not to be concealed, and he entered the saloon, where
+the family were already assembled at the breakfast-table, with the
+chaplain and the doctor.
+
+The Baron rose to greet him: one glance at the young officer's face
+was sufficient; he pressed his hand in silence, and led him to a
+place by the side of the Baroness. An animated discussion now began
+concerning the weather, which was completely changed; a strong south
+wind had risen in the night, so there was now a thaw. The snow was all
+melted--the torrents were flowing once more, and the roads impassable.
+
+"How can you possibly reach Blumenberg, to-day?" the Baron inquired of
+his guest.
+
+"That will be well nigh impossible," said the doctor. "I am just
+come from a patient at the next village, and I was nearly an hour
+performing the same distance in a carriage that is usually traversed
+on foot in a quarter of an hour."
+
+Edward had not given a thought this morning to the shooting-match. Now
+that it had occurred to him to remember it, he felt little regret at
+being detained from a scene of noisy festivity which, far from being
+desirable, appeared to him actually distasteful in his present frame
+of mind. Yet he was troubled by the thought of intruding too long
+on the hospitality of his new friends; and he said, in a hesitating
+manner--
+
+"Yes! but I must try how far--"
+
+"That you shall not do," interrupted the Baron. "The road is always
+bad: and in a thaw it is always dangerous. It would go against
+my conscience to allow you to risk it. Remain with us: we have no
+shooting-match or ball to offer you, but--"
+
+"I shall not certainly regret either," cried Edward, eagerly.
+
+"Well, then, remain with us, Lieutenant," said the matron, laying
+her hand on his arm, with a kind, maternal gesture. "You are heartily
+welcome; and the longer you stay with us, the better shall we be
+pleased."
+
+The youth bowed, and raised the lady's hand to his lips, and said--
+
+"If you will allow me--if you feel certain that I am not intruding--I
+will accept your kind offer with joy. I never care much for a ball,
+at any time, and to-day in particular"--. He stopped short, and then
+added, "In such bad weather as this, the small amusement--"
+
+"Would be dearly bought." interposed the Baron. "Come, I am delighted;
+you will remain with us."
+
+He shook Edward warmly by the hand.
+
+"You know you are with old friends."
+
+"And, beside," said the doctor, with disinterested solicitude, "it
+would be imprudent, for M. de Wensleben does not look very well. Had
+you a good night, sir?"
+
+"Very good," replied Edward.
+
+"Without much dreaming?" continued the other, pertinaciously.
+
+"Dreaming! oh, nothing wonderful," answered the officer.
+
+"Hem!" said the doctor, shaking his head, portentiously. "No one
+yet--"
+
+"Were I to relate my dream," replied Edward, "you would understand it
+no more than I did. Confused images--"
+
+The Baroness, who saw the youth's unwillingness to enlarge upon the
+subject, here observed--
+
+"That some of the visions had been of no great importance--those which
+she had heard related, at least."
+
+The chaplain led the conversation from dreams, themselves, to their
+origin, on which subject he and the doctor could not agree; and Edward
+and his visions were left in peace at last. But when every one had
+departed, each to his daily occupation, Edward followed the Baron into
+his library.
+
+"I answered in that manner," he said, "to get rid of the doctor
+and his questioning. To you I will confess the truth. Your room has
+exercised its mysterious influence over me."
+
+"Indeed!" said the baron, eagerly.
+
+"I have seen and spoken with my Ferdinand, for the first time since
+his death. I will trust to your kindness--your sympathy--not to
+require of me a description of this exciting vision. But I have a
+question to put to you."
+
+"Which I will answer in all candor, if it be possible."
+
+"Do you know the name of Emily Varnier?"
+
+"Varnier!--certainly not."
+
+"Is there no one in this neighborhood who bears that name?"
+
+"No one: it sounds like a foreign name."
+
+"In the bed in which I slept I found this ring," said Edward, while he
+produced it; "and the apparition of my friend pronounced that name."
+
+"Wonderful! As I tell you, I know no one so called--this is the
+first time I ever heard the name. But it is entirely unaccountable
+to me, how the ring should have come into that bed. You see, M. von
+Wensleben, what I told you is true. There is something very peculiar
+about that room: the moment you entered, I saw that the spell had been
+working on you also, but I did not wish to forestall or force your
+confidence."
+
+"I felt the delicacy, as I do now the kindness, of your intentions.
+Those who are as sad as I am can alone tell the value of tenderness
+and sympathy."
+
+Edward remained this day and the following at the castle, and felt
+quite at home with its worthy inmates. He slept twice in the
+haunted room. He went away, and came back often; was always welcomed
+cordially, and always quartered in the same apartment. But, in spite
+of all this, he had no clew, he had no means of lifting the vail of
+mystery which hung round the fate of Ferdinand Hallberg and of Emily
+Varnier.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FROM PUNCH.
+
+OUR "IN MEMORIAM."
+
+  Not in the splendor of a ruinous glory
+  Emblazoned, glitters our lost Statesman's name:
+  The great deeds that have earned him deathless fame
+  Will cost us merely thanks. Their inventory
+  Of peaceful heroism will be a story,
+  Of wise assertion of a rightful claim,
+  And Commerce freed by sagely daring aim.
+  Famine averted; Revolution glory
+  Disarmed; and the exhausted Commonweal
+  Recruited; these are things that England long
+  Will couple with the name of ROBERT PEEL,
+  Of whom the worst his enemies can say
+  Is, that he left the error of his way
+  When Conscience told him he was in the wrong.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FROM THE SOUTHERN LITERARY MESSENGER.
+
+TO W.J.R., WITH A MS.
+
+  A little common weed, a simple shell,
+    From the waste margent of a classic sea;
+  A flower that grew where some great empire fell,
+    Worthless themselves, are rich to Memory.
+  And thus these lines are precious, for the hand
+    That penned their music crumbles into mould;
+    And the hot brain that shaped them now is cold
+  In its own ashes, like a blackened brand.--
+  But where the fiery soul that wove the spell;
+    Weeping with trailing wings beside his tomb?
+  Or stretched and tortured on the racks of Hell
+    Dark-scowling at the ministers of doom?--
+  Peace! this is but a dream, there cannot be
+  More suffering for him in Eternity!
+
+R.H. STODDARD
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FROM THE KNICKERBOCKER MAGAZINE.
+
+THE ACTUAL.
+
+  Away! no more shall shadows entertain;
+    No more shall fancy paint and dreams delude;
+  No more shall these illusions of the brain
+    Divert me with their pleasing interlude;
+  Forever are ye banished, idle joys;
+  Welcome, stern labor-life--this is no world for toys!
+
+  Blessed labor-life! victorious only he
+    Who in its lists doth valiantly contend;
+  For labor in itself is victory;
+    Yield never to repose; but let the end
+  Of Life's great battle be--the end of life:
+  A glorious immortality shall crown the strife.
+
+R.B.X.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of International Weekly Miscellany, Vol.
+I, No. 6, by Various
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