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diff --git a/13638-h/13638-h.htm b/13638-h/13638-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9c13796 --- /dev/null +++ b/13638-h/13638-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,3052 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta name="generator" content= +"HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st March 2004), see www.w3.org" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content= +"text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> +<title>Notes And Queries, Issue 19.</title> + +<style type="text/css"> + + /*<![CDATA[*/ + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.adverts {width: 100%; height: 5px; color: black;} + html>body hr.adverts {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.short {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.short {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + + + .note, .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; + font-size: 0.9em;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; + text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 6em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 8em;} + .poem p.i10 {margin-left: 10em;} + .poem .caesura {vertical-align: -200%;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; + font-size: 8pt;} + + p.author {text-align: right;} + --> + /*]]>*/ +</style> +</head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13638 ***</div> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page289" name= +"page289"></a>{289}</span> +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left" width="25%"><b>No. 19.</b></td> +<td align="center" width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, MARCH 9, 1850</b></td> +<td align="right" width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS</h2> +<table summary="Contents" align="center"> +<tr> +<td align="left">Our Progress</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page289">289</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">NOTES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Captivity of the Queen of Bruce, by W.B. Rye</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page290">290</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">A Note on Robert Herrick, by J. Milner Barry</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page291">291</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">The Meaning of Lærig, by S.W. Singer</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page292">292</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Folk-Lore—St. Valentine in +Norwich—Cook-eels—Old Charms—Superstitions in +North of England—Decking Churches with Yew—Strewing +Chaff before Houses</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page293">293</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Folk-lore of Wales—Cron Annwn—Cyoerath +or Gwrach-y-rhybin</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page294">294</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">William Basse and his Poems, by Rev. T. +Corser</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page295">295</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">John Stowe</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page297">297</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Transposition of Letters—Pet +Names—Jack—Pisan—Mary and Polly</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page298">298</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Parallel Passages</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page299">299</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Inedited Poem by Burns, by Rev. J.R. Wreford</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page300">300</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Lacedæmonian Black Broth</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page300">300</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Ten Queries on Poets and Poetry, by E.F. Rimhault, +LL.D.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page303">303</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Bishop Cosin's Consecration of Churches</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page303">303</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Portraits of Luther, Erasmus, and Ulric von +Hutten</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page303">303</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Queries concerning Chaucer</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page303">303</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Letter attributed to Sir Robert Walpole</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page304">304</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Queries concerning Bishops of Ossory, by Rev. I. +Graves</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page305">305</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Burton's Anatomy of (Religious) Melancholy</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page305">305</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Queries:—Master of +Methuen—Female Captive—Parliamentary +Writs—Portraits in British Museum</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page305">305</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">College Salting, by C.H. Cooper, &c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page306">306</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Queries answered. No. 5., by Bolton Corney</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page307">307</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Replies to Minor Queries:—Old Auster +Tenement—Tureen</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page307">307</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">M. de Gournay—The Mirror, from the Latin of +Owen—Journeyman—Balloons</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page308">308</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes wanted</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page309">309</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page309">309</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Advertisements</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page309">309</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>OUR PROGRESS</h2> +<p>Although very unwilling to encroach upon the enlarged space +which we have this week afforded to our numerous and increasing +contributors, we may be permitted to refer to the fact of our +having felt it due to them to find such additional space by giving +an extra half-sheet, as a proof at once of the growing interest in +our Journal, and of its extended utility.</p> +<p>We trust too that the step which we have thus taken will be +received as a pledge of our intention to meet all the requirements +which may arise from our Journal becoming more generally known, and +consequently, as we are justified by our past experience in saying, +being made greater use of, as a medium of intercommunication +between all classes of students and men of letters.</p> +<p>Our last and present Number furnish proofs of its utility in a +way which when it was originally projected could scarcely have been +contemplated. We allude to its being made the channel through which +intending editors may announce the works on which they are engaged, +and invite the co-operation of their literary brethren. Nor is the +readiness with which such co-operation is likely to be afforded, +the only good result to be obtained by such an announcement. For +such an intimation is calculated not only to prevent the +unpleasantness likely to arise from a collision of +interests—but also to prevent a literary man either setting +to himself an unprofitable task or wasting his time and research +upon ground which is already occupied.</p> +<p>One word more. When we commenced our labours we were warned by +more than one friendly voice, that, although we should probably +find no lack of Queries, we should oftentimes be "straited for a +Reply." This, however, as our readers will admit, has not been the +case; for though, as Shakspeare says, with that truth and wisdom +for which he is proverbial—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"The ample proposition that Hope makes,</p> +<p>In all designs begun on earth below,</p> +<p>Fails in its promis'd largeness,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>the observation in our Introduction, that "those who are best +informed are generally most ready to communicate knowledge, and to +confess ignorance, to feel the value of such a work as we are +attempting, and to understand that if it is to be well done +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page290" id= +"page290"></a>{290}</span> they must help to do it," has, thanks to +the kind assistance of our friends, grown, from a mere statement of +opinion, to the dignity of a prediction. We undertook our task in +faith and hope, determined to do our best to realize the intentions +we had proposed to ourselves, and encouraged by the feeling that if +we did so labour, our exertions would not be in vain, +for—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"What poor duty cannot do,</p> +<p>Noble respect takes it in might not merit."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>And the success with which our efforts have been crowned shows +we were justified in so doing. And so, gentle reader, to the +banquet of dainty delights which is here spread before you!</p> +<hr /> +<h3>CAPTIVITY OF THE QUEEN OF BRUCE IN ENGLAND.</h3> +<p>I perceive, in one of the recent interesting communications made +to the "NOTES AND QUERIES," by the Rev. Lambert B. Larking, that he +has given, from a wardrobe roll in the Surrenden collection, a +couple of extracts, which show that Bruce's Queen was in 1314 in +the custody of the Abbess of Barking. To that gentleman our thanks +are due for the selection of documents which had escaped the +careful researches of Lysons, and which at once throw light on the +personal history of a royal captive, and illustrate the annals of a +venerable Abbey. I am glad to be able to answer the concluding +query as to the exact date when the unfortunate lady, (Bruce's +second wife,) left that Abbey, and to furnish a few additional +particulars relative to her eight years' imprisonment in England. +History relates that in less than three months after the crown had +been placed upon the head of Bruce by the heroic Countess of +Buchan, sister of the Earl of Fife (29th March, 1306), he was +attacked and defeated at Methven, near Perth, by the English, under +Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke. After this signal discomfiture, +the king fled into the mountains, accompanied by a few faithful +followers: his Queen, daughter, and several other ladies, for +awhile shared his misfortunes and dangers; but they at length took +refuge at the Castle of Kildrummie, from whence they retreated, in +the hope of greater security, to the sanctuary of St. Duthae, at +Tain, in Ross-shire. The Earl of Ross, it is said, violated the +sanctuary, and delivered the party up to the English, who (as sings +Chaucer's contemporary, Barbour, in his not very <i>barbarous</i> +Scottish dialect) straightway proceeded to</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>—"put the laydis in presoune,</p> +<p>Sum in till castell, sum in dongeoun."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Among the captives were three ecclesiastics, who had taken a +prominent part at the king's coronation—the Bishops of +Glasgow and St. Andrews and the Abbot of Scone, arrayed in most +uncanonical costume.<a id="footnotetag1" name= +"footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> Peter +Langtoft pathetically bewails their misfortune:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"The Bisshop of Saynt Andrew, and the Abbot of</p> +<p class="i4">Scone,</p> +<p class="i2">The Bisshop of Glascow, thise were taken sone;</p> +<p class="i2">Fettred on hackneis, to Inlond ere thei sent,</p> +<p class="i2">On sere stedis it seis, to prison mad present."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>An instrument in Norman French, printed in Rymer's great +collection (<i>Foedera</i>, vol. i. part ii. p. 994, new ed.), +directs the manner in which the prisoners were to be treated. As +this document is curious, I will give that portion which refers +particularly to Bruce's wife, the "Countess of Carrick:"—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A.D. 1306. (34 Edw. 1.) Fait a remembrer, qi, quant la Femme le +Conte de Carrik sera venue au Roi, ele soit envee a +<i>Brustewik</i> [on Humber], & qe ele eit tieu mesnee, & +sa sustenance ordenee en la manere desouz escrite: cest +asavoir,</p> +<p>"Qe ele eit deux femmes du pays oversqe li; cest asaver, une +damoisele & une femme por sa chambre, qi soient bien d'age +& nyent gayes, & qi eles soient de bon & meur port; les +queles soient entendantz, a li por li servir:</p> +<p>"Et deux vadletz, qi soient ausint bien d'age, & avisez, de +queux l'un soit un des vadletz le Conte de Ulvestier [the Earl of +Ulster, her father], cest asaver Johan de Benteley, ou autre qil +mettra en lieu de li, & l'autre acun du pays, qi soit por +trencher devant li:</p> +<p>"Et ausant eit ele un garzon a pee, por demorer en sa chambre, +tiel qi soit sobre, & ne mie riotous, por son lit faire, & +por autres choses qe covendront por sa chambre:</p> +<p>"Et, estre ce, ordenez est qeele eit un Vadlet de mestier, qe +soit de bon port, & avisez, por port ses cleifs, por panetrie, +& botellerie, & un cu:</p> +<p>"Et ele deit ausint aver trois leveriers, por aver son deduyt en +la garrene illueques, & en les pares, quant ele voudra:</p> +<p>"Et qe ele eit de la veneison, & du peisson es pescheries, +selene ce qe master li sera:</p> +<p>"Et qe ele gisse en la plus bele maison du manoir a sa volunte: +Et, qe ele voit guyer es pares, r'aillois entor le manoir, a se +volunte."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>These orders are apparently not more severe than was necessary +for the safe custody of the Queen; and, considering the date of +their issue, they seem to be lenient, considerate, and indulgent. +Not so, however, with the unfortunate Countess of Buchan, who was +condemned to be encaged in a turret of Berwick Castle ("en une +<i>kage</i> de fort latiz, de fuist & barrez, & bien +efforcez de ferrement;" <i>i.e.</i> of strong lattice-work of wood, +barred, and well strengthened with iron<a id="footnotetag2" name= +"footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a>), where +she remained immured seven years. Bruce's <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page291" id="page291"></a>{291}</span> daughter, +Marjory, and his sister Mary, were likewise to be encaged, the +former in the Tower of London, the latter in Roxburghe Castle. The +young Earl of Mar, "L'enfant qi est heir de Mar," Bruce's nephew, +was to be sent to Bristol Castle, to be carefully guarded, "qil ne +puisse eshcaper en nule manere," but not to be +<i>fettered</i>—"mais q'il soit hors de fers, <i>tant come il +est de si tendre age</i>."</p> +<p>In 1308 (1 Edw. 2.), the Bailiff of Brustwick is commanded to +deliver up his prisoner, to be removed elsewhere, but to what place +it does not appear. A writ of the 6th Feb. 1312, directs her to be +conveyed to Windsor Castle, "cum familia sua." In October of the +same year, she was removed to "Shaston" (Shaftesbury), and +subsequently to the Abbey of Barking, where she remained till +March, 1314, when she was sent to Rochester Castle, as appears by +the following writ (Rymer, vol. ii. part i. p. 244.):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"(7 Edw. 2.) <i>De ducendo Elizabetham uxorem Roberti de Brus, +usque ad Castrum Rossense.</i></p> +<p>"Mandatum est Vicecomitibus London quod Elizabetham. Uxorem +Roberti de Brus, quæ cum Abbatissà de Berkyngg' stetit +per aliquot tempus, de mandato Regis, ab cadem Abbatissà +sine dilatione recipiant, eam usque Ross' duci sub salvâ +custodia faciant, Henrico de Cobeham, Constabulario Castri Regis +ibidem per Indenturam, indè faciendam inter ipsos, +liberandam; et hoc nullatenus omittant.</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">"Teste Rege, apud Westm. xii. die Martii,</p> +<p class="i10">"Per ipsum Regem.</p> +</div> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p>"Et mandatum est præfatæ Abbatissæ, quod +præfatam Elizabetham, quam nuper, de mandato Regis, admisit +in domo suâ de Berkyng' quousque Rex aliud inde +ordinâsset, moraturam, sine dilatione deliberet +præfatis Vicecomitibus, ducendam pront eis per Regem plenius +est injunctum, et hoc nullatenus omittat.</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">"Teste Rege ut supra,</p> +<p class="i6">"Per ipsum Regem.</p> +</div> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p>"Et mandatum est dicto Henrico, Constabulario Castri Regis +prædicti, quod ipsam Elizabetham de prædictis +Vicecomitibus, per Indenturam hujus modi, recipiat, et ci cameram, +infra dictum Castrum competentem pro mora suâ assignari:</p> +<p>"Et viginti solidos, de exitibus Ballivæ suæ, ei per +singulas septimanas, quamdiu ibidem moram fecerit, pro expensis +suis, liberari faciat:</p> +<p>"Eamque, infra Castrum prædictum, et infra Prioratum +Sancti Andreæ ibidem, opportunis temporibus spatiari sub +salva custodia (ita quod securus sit de corpore suo), +permittat:</p> +<p>"Et Rex ei de prædictis viginti solidis, +præfatæ Elizabethæ singulis septimanis +liberandis, debitam allocationem, in compoto suo ad Scaccarium +Regis, fieri faciet.</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">"Teste ut supra,</p> +<p class="i4">"Per ipsum Regem."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>But the day of deliverance was close at hand: the battle of +Bannockburn, so fatal to the English, was fought on the 24th June; +and on the 2nd of October the Constable of Rochester Castle is +commanded to conduct the wife, sister, and daughter of Robert Bruce +to Carlisle (<i>usque Karliolum</i>), where an exchange of +prisoners was made. Old Hector Boece, who, if Erasmus can be +trusted, "knew not to lie," informs us, that "King Robertis wife, +quhilk was hald in viii. yeris afore in Ingland, was interchangeit +with ane duk of Ingland"<a id="footnotetag3" name= +"footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> [Humphrey +de Bohun, Earl of Hereford]. And the aforesaid Barbour celebrates +their restoration in the following lines:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Quhill at the last they tretyt sua,</p> +<p>That he<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href= +"#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a> till Inglond hame suld ga,</p> +<p>For owtyn paying of ransoune, fre;</p> +<p>And that for him suld changyt be</p> +<p>Byschap Robert<a id="footnotetag5" name= +"footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a> that blynd +was mad;</p> +<p>And the Queyne, that thai takyn had</p> +<p>In presoune, as befor said I;</p> +<p>And hyr douchtre dame Marjory.</p> +<p>The Erle was changyt for thir thre."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">W.B. RYE.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name= +"footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag1">(return)</a> +<p><i>Loricati</i>, (in their coats of mail.)—<i>Matthew of +Westminster.</i></p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2" name= +"footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag2">(return)</a> +<p>See the order at length in Rymer, <i>ut sup.</i></p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote3" name= +"footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag3">(return)</a> +<p>Bellenden's translation.</p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote4" name= +"footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag4">(return)</a> +<p>The Earl of Hereford.</p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote5" name= +"footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag5">(return)</a> +<p>Wishcart, Bishop of Gloucester, before alluded to.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<h3>A NOTE ON ROBERT HERICK, AUTHOR OF "HESPERIDES."</h3> +<p>In the summer of 1844, I visited Dean Prior in company with my +brother, in order to ascertain if we could add any new fact to the +scanty accounts of the <i>Life of Herrick</i> recorded by his +biographers. The events of his life have been related by Dr. Drake, +(<i>Literary Hours</i>, vol. iii., 1st edit. 1798.—3rd edit. +1804), by Mr. Campbell, by Dr. Nott (<i>Select Poems from the +Hesperides</i>, &c. Bristol, 1810,) by a writer in the +<i>Quarterly Review</i>, vol. iv. 1810, by Mr. Wilmott in his +elegantly written <i>Lives of Sacred Poets</i>, vol. i., 1834, and +in the memoirs prefixed to the recent editions of <i>Herrick's +Poems</i> published by Clarke (1844), and Pickering (1846). On +examining any of these biographies, it will be found that the year +and place of Herrick's death have not been ascertained. This was +the point which I therefore particularly wished to inquire +into.</p> +<p>Dean Prior is a village about six or seven miles from Totnes: +the church, with the exception of the tower, had been recently +rebuilt. The monuments and inscribed stones were carefully removed +when the old fabric was taken down, and restored as nearly as could +be to corresponding situations in the new building. I sought in +vain, amongst these, for the name of Herrick. On making inquiry of +the old sexton who accompanied us, he said at first in a very +decided tone, "Oh, he died in Lunnun," but afterwards corrected +himself, and said that Herrick died at Dean Prior, and that an old +tombstone in <span class="pagenum"><a name="page292" id= +"page292"></a>{292}</span> the churchyard, at the right hand side +of the walk leading to the south side of the church, which was +removed several years ago, was supposed to have covered the remains +of the former vicar of Dean Prior.</p> +<p>Being baffled in our search after "tombstone information," we +called at the vicarage, which stands close by the church, and the +vicar most courteously accorded us permission to search the +registers of the marriages, births, and burials, which were in his +custody. The portion of the dilapidated volume devoted to the +burials is headed thus:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Dean Prior</p> +<p>"The names of all those y't have been buried in y'e same parish +from y'e year of our Lord God 1561, and so forwards."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>After some careful search we were gratified by discovering the +following entry:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Robert Herrick Vicker was buried y'e 15th day October, +1674."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I fancy I met with a selection from <i>Herrick's Poems</i> +edited by <i>Mr. Singer</i>, several years ago, comprised in a +small neat volume. Can any of your readers inform me whether there +is such a book? I possess Mr. Singer's valuable editions of +<i>Cavendish</i>, <i>More</i>, and <i>Hall's Satires</i>, and would +wish to place this volume on the same shelf.</p> +<p class="author">J. MILNER BARRY.</p> +<p>Totnes, Feb. 21. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>WHAT IS THE MEANING OF "LÆRIG?"</h3> +<p>This <i>query</i>, evidently addressed to our Anglo-Saxon +scholars by the distinguished philologist to whom we are all so +much indebted, not having been hitherto replied to, perhaps the +journal of "NOTES AND QUERIES" is the most fitting vehicle for this +suggestive note:—</p> +<p>TO DR. JACOB GRIMM.</p> +<p>Allow me, though an entire stranger to you, to thank you for the +pleasure I have derived, in common with all ethnological students, +from your very valuable labours, and especially from the +<i>Geschichte der Deutschen Sprache</i>. At the same time I +venture, with much diffidence, to offer a reply to your question +which occur in that work at p. 663.:—"Was heisst +<i>lærig</i>?"</p> +<p>Lye says, "Hæc vox occurrit apid Cædm. At +interpretatio ejus minime liquet." In the Supplement to his +Dictionary it is explained "docilis, tyro!" Mr. Thorpe, in his +<i>Analecta A.-S.</i> (1st edit. Gloss), says, "The meaning of this +word is uncertain: it occurs again in <i>Cædmon</i>;" and in +his translation of <i>Cædmon</i> he thus renders the +passage:—"Ofer linde lærig=over the linden shields." +Here then <i>lærig</i>, evidently an adjective, is rendered +by the substantive <i>shields</i>; and <i>linde</i>, evidently a +substantive, is rendered by the adjective <i>linden</i>. In two +other passages, Mr. Thorpe more correctly translates +<i>lindum</i>=bucklers.</p> +<p><i>Lind</i>, which Lye explained by the Latin <i>labarium</i>, +<i>vexillum</i>, that excellent scholar, the late lamented Mr. +Price, was the first, I believe, to show frequently signified <i>a +shield</i>; which was, probably for lightness, made of the wood of +the <i>lime tree</i>, and covered with skin, or leather of various +colours. Thus we have "sealwe linde" and "hwite linde" in +<i>Cædm.</i>, "geolwe linde" in <i>Beowulf</i>.</p> +<p>All this is superfluous to you, sir, I know—"<i>Retournons +à nos moutons</i>," as Maistre Pierre Pathelin says.</p> +<p>The sense required in the passage in <i>Brythnoth</i> seems to +me to be:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"bærst bordes lærig=the empty (hollow concave) +shields</p> +<p>"and seo byrne sang=and the armour (<i>lorica</i>) +resounded."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>And in <i>Cædmon</i>:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"ofer linde lærig=over the empty (hollow concave) +shield."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>In Judith, <i>Th. Anal.</i> 137, 53. we have a similar +epithet:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"hwealfum lindum=vaulted (arched concave) shields."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>We should remember that Somner has <i>ge-lær</i>, void, +empty, <i>vacuus</i>; and Lye, with a reference to the Herbarium, +<i>lær-nesse</i>, vacuitas. In the <i>Teuthonista</i> we have +<i>lær</i>, vacuus, <i>concavus</i>. In <i>Heiland</i>, 3, 4. +"<i>larea</i> stodun thar stenuatu sehsi=<i>empty</i> stood there +stone-vats six." I need not call to your mind the O.H.G. +<i>lári</i>.</p> +<p>I think, therefore, we cannot doubt that what is intended to be +expressed by the A.-S. <i>lærig</i> is <i>empty</i>, +<i>hollow</i>, <i>concave</i>. But if we wanted further +confirmation, <i>leer</i>, <i>leery</i>, <i>leary</i> are still in +use in Devonshire, Dorsetshire, and perhaps elsewhere, for +<i>empty</i>, <i>hollow</i>, as the provincial Glossaries will +show. Skinner has the word <i>leer</i>, vacuus, and says, +"foeliciter alludit Gr. [Greek: lagaros], laxus, vacuus." In +<i>Layamon</i> we have (244, 16.), "the put wæs +<i>i-lær</i>." I have found but one instance in Middle +English, and that is in the curious old <i>Phrase-Book</i> compiled +by William Horman, Head Master of Eton School in the reign of Henry +VIII:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"'At a soden shyfte <i>leere</i> barellis, tyed together, with +boardis above, make passage over a streme.' Tumultuario opere, +<i>inanes</i> cuppæ colligatæ et tabulatis +instratæ fluminis transitu perhibent."—<i>Hormanni +Vulgaria</i>, Lond. 1519, f. 272 b.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Instances of the word are not frequent, possibly because we had +another word for empty (<i>toom</i>) in common with the Danes; but +perhaps there was no necessity for dwelling upon it in the sense of +<i>empty</i>; it was only its application as an epithet to a +<i>concave</i> or <i>hollow shield</i> that your question could +have had in view.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page293" id= +"page293"></a>{293}</span> +<p>Once more thanking you most heartily for the pleasure and profit +I have derived from the <i>Deutsche Grammatik</i>, and all your +other important labours, I am, sir, your grateful and obliged +servant,</p> +<p class="author">S.W. SINGER.</p> +<p>Mickleham, Nov. 23. 1849.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> +<h4>ST. VALENTINE IN NORWICH—COOK-EELS, &c. &c.</h4> +<p>The day appropriated to St. Valentine is kept with some +peculiarity in the city of Norwich. Although "Valentines," as +generally understood, that is to say billets sent by means of the +post, are as numerously employed here as in other places, yet the +<i>custom</i> consists not in the transmission of a missive +overflowing with hearts and darts, or poetical posies, but in +something far more substantial, elegant and costly—to wit, a +goodly present of value unrestricted in use or expense. Though this +custom is openly adopted among relatives and others whose +friendship is reciprocated, yet the secret mode of placing a friend +in possession of an offering is followed largely,—and this it +is curious to remark, not on the <i>day</i> of the saint, when it +might be supposed that the appropriateness of the gift would be +duly ratified, the virtue of the season being in full vigour, but +on the <i>eve</i> of St. Valentine, when it is fair to presume his +charms are not properly matured. The mode adopted among all classes +is that of placing the presents on the door-sill of the house of +the favoured person, and intimating what is done by a run-a-way +knock or ring as the giver pleases.</p> +<p>So universal is this custom in this ancient city, that it may be +stated with truth some thousands of pounds are annually expended in +the purchase of Valentine presents. At the time of writing +(February 2.) the shops almost generally exhibit displays of +articles calculated for the approaching period, unexampled in +brilliancy, taste and costliness, and including nearly every item +suitable to the drawing room, the parlour, or the boudoir. The +local papers contain numerous advertising announcements of +"Valentines;" the walls are occupied with printed placards of a +similar character, and the city crier, by means of a loud bell and +an equally sonorous voice, proclaims the particular advantages in +the Valentine department of rival emporiums. All these preparations +increase as the avator of St. Valentine approaches. At length the +saint and his eve arrives—passes—and the custom, +apparently expanding with age, is placed in abeyance until the next +year. I am inclined to believe that this mode of keeping St. +Valentine is confined to this city and the county of Norfolk.</p> +<p>As regards priority of occurrence this year, I should have first +mentioned, that on Shrove Tuesday a custom commences of eating a +small bun called +cocque'els—cook-eels—coquilles—(the name being +spelt indifferently) which is continued through the season of Lent. +Forby, in his <i>Vocabulary of East Anglia</i>, calls this +production "a sort of cross bun," but no cross is placed upon it, +though its composition is not dissimilar. My inquiries, and, I may +add, my reading, have not led me to the origin of either of the +customs now detailed (with the exception of a few unsatisfactory +words given by Forby on cook-eels), and I should be glad to find +these brief notices leading by your means to more extended +information on both subjects, not only as regards this part of the +country, but others also.</p> +<p class="author">JOHN WODDERSPOON.</p> +<p>Norwich.</p> +<p><i>Old Charms.</i>—I think that, if you are anxious to +accumulate as much as you can of the Folk Lore of England, no set +of men are more likely to help you than the clergy, particularly +the younger part, viz., curates, to whom the stories they hear +among their flock have the gloss of novelty. I send you a specimen +of old charms, &c. that have come under my notice in the +south-eastern counties.</p> +<p>No. 1. is a dialogue between the Parson and the old +Dame:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>P.</i> Well, Dame Grey, I hear you have a charm to cure the +toothache. Come, just let me hear it; I should be so much pleased +to know it.</p> +<p>"<i>Dame</i>. Oh, your reverence, it's not worth telling."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>(Here a long talk—Parson coaxing the Dame to tell +him—old lady very shy, partly suspecting he is quizzing her, +partly that no charms are proper things, partly willing to know +what he thinks about it.) At last it ends by her saying—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Well, your reverence, you have been very kind to me, and I'll +tell you: it's just a verse from Scripture as I says over those as +have the toothache:—</p> +<p>"'And Jesus said unto Peter, What aileth thee? and Peter +answered, Lord, I have toothache. And the Lord healed him.'"</p> +<p>"<i>P.</i> Well, but Dame Grey, I think I know my Bible, and I +don't find any such verse in it."</p> +<p>"<i>Dame</i>. Yes, your reverence, that is just the charm. +<i>It's in the Bible</i>, but <i>you can't find it</i>!"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>No. 2. To avert sickness from a family, hang up a sickle, or +iron implement, at the bed head.</p> +<p>No. 3. Should a death happen in a house at night, and there be a +hive or hives of bees in the garden, go out and wake them up at +once, otherwise the whole hive or swarm will die.</p> +<p>I hope your Folk Lore is not confined to the fading memorials of +a past age. The present superstitions are really much more +interesting and valuable to be gathered together; and I am sure +your pages would be very well employed in recording these for a +future generation. I would <span class="pagenum"><a name="page294" +id="page294"></a>{294}</span> suggest, in all humility, that it +would be really useful, for the rulers of our Church and State, to +know how far such a superstition as the following prevails among +the peasantry:</p> +<p>That, if a dying person sees "glory," or a bright light, at or +near the time of their dissolution, such a vision is a sure sign of +their salvation, whatever may have been their former life, or their +repentance.</p> +<p class="author">D. Sholbus.</p> +<p><i>Superstitions in North of England.</i>—I find some +curious popular superstitions prevalent in the north of England +some three centuries ago recorded in the <i>Proceedings before the +Special Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes appointed by Queen +Elizabeth</i>. Thus:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Anthony Haggen presented for medicioning children with miniting +a hammer as a smythe of kynde."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Again</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"John Watson presented for burying a quick dogg and a quick +cowe."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>And</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Agnes, the wyf of John Wyse, als Winkam John Wyse, presented to +be a medicioner for the waffc of an yll wynde, and for the +fayryes."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Some of your readers may perhaps explain what these were. It is +clear that they were superstitious practices of sufficient +prevalence and influence on the popular mind to call for the +interference of the queen's commissioners.</p> +<p class="author">A.B.</p> +<p><i>Decking Churches with Yew on Easter Day.</i>—In the +village of Berkely near Frome, Somerset, and on the borders of +Wiltshire, the church is decorated on Easter Sunday with yew, +evidently as an emblem of the Resurrection. Flowers in churches on +that day are common, but I believe the use of yew to be +unusual.</p> +<p class="author">W. Durrant Cooper.</p> +<p><i>Strewing Straw or Chaff.</i>—The custom mentioned by +your correspondent "B." (p. 245.) as prevailing in Gloucestershire, +is not peculiar to that county. In Kent, it is commonly practised +by the rustics. The publican, all the world over, decorates his +sign-board with a foaming can and pipes, to proclaim the +entertainment to be found within. On the same principle, these +rustics hang up <i>their</i> sign-board,—as one of them, with +whom I was once remonstrating, most graphically explained to me. +When they knew of a house where the master deems a little wholesome +discipline necessary to ensure the obedience of love, considering +it a pity that the world should be ignorant of his manly virtues, +they strew "well threshed" chaff or straw before his door, as an +emblematical sign-board, to proclaim that the sweet fare and "good +entertainment" of a "well threshed" article may be found within. +The custom, at all events, has one good tendency, it shames the +tyrant into restraint, when he knows that his cowardly practices +are patent to the world.</p> +<p class="author">Lambert B. Larking.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>FOLK LORE OF WALES.</h3> +<p>No. 1. <i>Cron Annwn</i>.—When a storm sounds over the +mountains, the Welsh peasant will tell you that his ear discerns +the howl of the <i>Cron Annwn</i> mingling with that of the wind, +yet as clearly distinct from it as is the atmosphere in a +diving-bell from that of the surrounding waters. These dogs of +Annwn, or "couriers of the air," are spirit hounds, who hunt the +souls of the dead; or, as occasionally said, they foretell, by +their expectant cries, the approaching death of some man of evil +deeds. Few have ever pretended to see them; for few, we presume, +would linger until they dawned on the sight; but they are described +by Taliesin, and in the <i>Mabinogion</i>, as being of a clear +shining white, with red ears; colouring which confirms the author +of the <i>Mythology of the Ancient Druids</i> in the idea that +these dogs were "a mystical transformation of the Druids with their +white robes and red tiaras." Popular superstition, however, which +must always attribute ugliness to an object of fear, deems that +they are either jet black, with eyes and teeth of fire, or of a +deep red, and dripping all over with gore. "The nearer," says the +Rev. Edmund Jones, "they are to a man, the <i>less</i> their voice +is, and the farther the louder, sometimes swelling like the voice +of a great hound, or a blood-hound."</p> +<p>They are <i>sometimes</i> accompanied by a female fiend, called +<i>Malt y nos</i>—Mathilda or Malen of the night, a somewhat +ubiquitous character, with whom we meet under a complication of +names and forms.</p> +<p>Jones of Brecon, who tells us that the cry of the Cron Annwn is +as familiar to the inhabitants of Ystrad Fellte and Pont +Neath-vaughan [in Glamorganshire] as the watchman's rattle in the +purlieus of Covent Garden—for he lived in the days when +watchmen and their rattles were yet among the things of this +world—considers that to these dogs, and not to a Greek myth, +may be referred the hounds, <i>Fury</i>, <i>Silver</i>, +<i>Tyrant</i>, &c., with which Prospero hunts his enemies +"soundly," in the <i>Tempest</i>. And they must recall to the minds +of our readers the <i>wisk</i>, <i>wisked</i>, or <i>Yesk</i> +hounds of Devon, which are described in the <i>Athenæum</i> +for March 27. 1847, as well as the <i>Maisne Hellequin</i> of +Normandy and Bretagne.</p> +<p>There has been much discussion respecting the signification of +the word <i>Annwn</i>, which has been increased by the very +frequent mistake of writing it <i>Anwn</i>, which means, +<i>unknown</i>, <i>strange</i>, and is applied to the people who +dwell in the antipodes of the speaker; while <i>Annwn</i> is an +adaptation of <i>annwfn</i>, a <i>bottomless</i> or <i>immeasurable +pit</i>, <i>voidless</i> <span class="pagenum"><a name="page295" +id="page295"></a>{295}</span> <i>space</i>, and also Hell. Thus we +find, that when <i>Pwyl</i>, or <i>Reason</i>, drives these dogs +off their track, the owner comes up, and, reproving him, declares +that he is a crowned king, lord of Annwn and Pendaran, <i>i.e.</i> +chief of thunder. (See <i>Myth. Ant. Druids</i>, p. 418.)</p> +<p>This Prince of Darkness is supposed to be the spouse of +Andraste, now corrupted into Andras, and equivalent with <i>Malt y +nos</i>, the Diana or Hecate of the ancient Britons.</p> +<p>These dogs sometimes appear singly, on which occasions they sit +by the side of a stream, howling in so unearthly a manner, that the +hapless man who finds one in his path usually loses his senses. +This seems to have a connection with the "Manthe Doog" of the Isle +of Man; but the tradition is not, we suspect, genuine.</p> +<p class="author">Seleucus.</p> +<p>No. 2. <i>Cyoeraeth or Gwrach-y-rhybin.</i>—Another +instance of the grand, though gloomy superstitions of the Cymry, is +that of the <i>Cyoeraeth</i>, or hag of the mist, an awful being +who is supposed to reside in the mountain fog, through which her +supernatural shriek is frequently heard. She is believed to be the +very personification of ugliness, with torn and dishevelled hair, +long black teeth, lank and withered arms and claws, and a most +cadaverous appearance; to this some add, wings of a leathery and +bat-like substance.</p> +<p>The name <i>Cy-oer-aeth</i>, the last two syllables of which +signify <i>cold-grief</i>, is most descriptive of the sad wail +which she utters, and which will, it is said, literally freeze the +veins of those who hear it; she is <i>rarely</i> seen, but is heard +at a cross-road, or beside a stream—in the latter case she +splashes the water with her hands—uttering her lamentation, +as if in allusion to the relatives of those about to die. Thus, if +a man hears her cry <i>fy nqwsaig, fy nqwsaig</i>, &c., his +wife will surely die, and he will be heard to mourn in the same +strain ere long; and so on with other cases. The cadence of this +cry can never be properly caught by any one who has not heard, if +not a Cyoeraeth, at least a native of Wales, repeat the strain. +When merely an inarticulate scream is heard, it is probable that +the hearer himself is the one whose death is fore-mourned.</p> +<p>Sometimes she is supposed to come like the Irish <i>banshee</i>, +in a dark mist, to the windows of those who have been long ill; +when flapping her wings against the pane, she repeats their names +with the same prolonged emphasis; and then it is thought that they +must die.</p> +<p>It is this hag who forms the torrent beds which seam the +mountain side; for she gathers great stones in her cloak to make +her ballast, when she flies upon the storm; and when about to +retire to her mountain cave, she lets them drop progressively as +she moves onwards, when they fall with such an unearthly weight +that they lay open the rocky sides of the mountain.</p> +<p>In some parts of South Wales this hag of the mists either loses +her sway, or divides it with a more dignified personage, who, in +the form of an old man, and under the name of <i>Brenhin Llwyd</i>, +the <i>grey king</i>, sits ever silent in the mist.</p> +<p>Any one who has witnessed the gathering and downward rolling of +a genuine mountain fog must fully appreciate the spirit in which +men first peopled the cloud with such supernatural beings a those +above described; or with those which dimly, yet constantly, pervade +the much-admired <i>Legend of Montrose</i>.</p> +<p class="author">Seleucus.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>WILLIAM BASSE AND HIS POEMS.</h3> +<p>I regret that I am unable to offer any information in answer to +"Mr. P. Collier's" inquiry (No. 13. p. 200.) respecting the +existence of a perfect or imperfect copy of a poem by William Basse +on the Death of Prince Henry, printed at Oxford by Joseph Barnes, +1613, and am only aware of such a poem from the slight mention of +it by Sir Harris Nicolas in his beautiful edition of Walton's +<i>Complete Angler</i>, p. 422. But as the possessor of the 4to. +MS. volume of poems by Basse, called <i>Polyhymnia</i>, formerly +belonging to Mr. Heber, I feel greatly interested in endeavouring +to obtain some further biographical particulars of Basse,—of +whom, although personally known to Isaac Walton, the author of one +or two printed volumes of poems, and of the excellent old songs of +"the Hunter in his Career" and "Tom of Bedlam," and worthy of +having his verses on Shakspeare inserted among his collected poems, +yet the notices we at present possess are exceedingly slight. We +learn from Anth. Wood, in his <i>Ath. Oxon.</i>, vol. iv. p. 222., +that Basse was a native of Moreton, near Thame in Oxfordshire, and +was for some time a retainer of Sir Richard Wenman, Knt., +afterwards Viscount Wenman, in the peerage of Ireland. He seems +also to have been attached to the noble family of Norreys of Ricot +in Oxfordshire, which is not far from Thame; and addressed some +verses to Francis Lord Norreys, Earl of Berkshire, from which I +quote one or two stanzas, and in the last of which there is an +allusion to the [plainness of the] author's personal +appearance:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"O true nobilitie, and rightly grac'd</p> +<p>With all the jewels that on thee depend,</p> +<p>Where goodnesse doth with greatnesse live embrac'd,</p> +<p>And outward stiles, on inward worth attend.</p> +<p>Where ample lands, in ample hands are plac'd</p> +<p>And ancient deeds, with ancient coats descend:</p> +<p class="i2">Where noble bloud combin'd with noble spirit</p> +<p class="i2">Forefathers fames, doth with their formes +inherit.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Where ancestors examples are perus'd</p> +<p>Not in large tomes, or costly tombs alone,</p> +<p>But in their heires: and being dayly us'd</p> +<p>Are (like their robes) more honourable growne,</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page296" id= +"page296"></a>{296}</span> +<p>Where Loyalty with Piety is infus'd,</p> +<p>And publique rights are cherish'd w'th their owne;</p> +<p class="i2">Where worth still finds respect, good friend, good +word,</p> +<p class="i2">Desart, reward. And such is <i>Ricot's</i> Lord.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"But what make I (vaine voyce) in midst of all</p> +<p>The Quires that have already sung the fame</p> +<p>Of this great House, and those that henceforth shall</p> +<p>(As that will last) for ever sing the same.</p> +<p>But, if on me, my garland instly fall,</p> +<p>I justly owe my musique to this name.</p> +<p class="i2">For he unlawfully usurps the Bayes</p> +<p class="i2">That has not sung in noble <i>Norrey's</i> +prayse.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"In playne (my honour'd Lord) I was not borne,</p> +<p>Audacious vowes, or forraigne legs to use,</p> +<p>Nature denyed my outside to adorne,</p> +<p>And I, of art to learne outsides refuse.</p> +<p>Yet haveing of them both, enough to scorne</p> +<p>Silence, & vulgar prayse, this humble muse</p> +<p class="i2">And her meane favourite; at yo'r comand</p> +<p class="i2">Chose in this kinde, to kisse your noble hand."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>His Polyhymnia is dedicated to the sister of this person, the +Lady Bridget, Countess of Lindsey, and Baroness of Eresbie and of +Ricot. Besides the "Anglers' Song" made at Walton's request, and +the before-mentioned two songs, which are given at length in the +Appendix to the <i>Complete Angler</i>, p. 420., Sir H. Nicolas's +edit., besides these, and the verses "on William Shakespeare, who +died in April, 1616," sometimes called "Basse his Elegie on +Shakespeare," which appear in the edition of Shakespeare's Poems of +1640, 8vo., and are reprinted in Malone's edition of his Plays, +vol. i. p. 470.: another poem by William Basse will be found in the +collection entitled <i>Annalia Dubrensia, upon the Yearely +Celebration of Mr. Robert Dover's Olympick Games upon Cotswold +Hills</i>, 4to. 1636. This consists of ten stanzas, of eight lines +each, "To the noble and fayre Assemblies, the harmonious concourse +of Muses, and their Ioviall entertainer, my right generous Friend, +Master Robert Dover, upon Cotswold." Basse was also, as Mr. Collier +remarks, the author of a poem, which I have never seen, called +<i>Sword and Buckler, or Serving Man's Defence</i>, in six-line +stanzas, 4to. Lond., imprinted in 1602. A copy of this was sold in +Steevens's sale, No. 767., and is now among "Malone's Collection of +Early Poetry" in the Bodleian Library at Oxford. And, according to +Ritson, he wrote another work, published in the same year, viz. +<i>Three Pastorall Elegies of Anander, Anytor and Muridella</i>, +entered to Joseph Barnes, 28 May, 1692, of which I am not aware +that any copy is now in existence. These, with the addition of +<i>Great Brittaines Sunnes-set, bewailed with a Shower of +Teares</i>, at Oxford, printed by Joseph Barnes, 1613, the fragment +of which is in the possession of Mr. Collier, appear, as far as I +can yet ascertain, to be the only known publications of William +Basse, with his name attached to them in full. Other works, +however, have been attributed to him from the similarity of the +initials,—but most of them probably without much foundation; +viz. 1. <i>Scacchia Ludus: Chesse-play</i>: a poetical translation +of Vida's poem at the end of <i>Ludus Sacchiæ, +Chesse-Play</i>, by W.B. 4to. Lond. 1597; by Ritson. 2. <i>A Helpe +to Discourse; or a Miscelany of Merriment</i>, by W.B. and E.P. 2nd +edit. 8vo. Lond. 1620; by Mr. Malone. And 3. <i>That which seemes +Best is Worst, exprest in a Paraphrastical Transcript of Iuuenals +tenth Satyre. Together with the Tragicall Narration of Virginius +Death interserted</i>, by W.B. small 8vo. Lond.; imprinted by Felix +Kyngston, 1617, by Mr. Octavius Gilchrist, who however rather leans +to the opinion of William Barkstead being the author, from the +circumstance of his having, as early as 1607, paraphrased, much in +a similar way, the interesting tale of Myrrha, the mother of +Adonis, from the 10th Book of the Metamorphoses. (See +<i>Restitutu</i>, vol. i. p. 41.)</p> +<p>Cole, in his MS. Collectanea for <i>Athenæ +Cantabrigiensis</i>, says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Mr. Knight, jun. shewed me a MS. written by William Basse, and +corrected by him, in 4to., called +<i>Polyhymnia</i>.—Dedication. To the Right Noble and +vertuous Lady, the Lady Bridget, Countess of Lindsey, and Baroness +of Eresbie and Ricot, in verse, with Verses to the Right Hon. +Francis Lord Norreys, Earl of Berkshire (in his days). To the Right +Hon. the Lady Aungier (then wife of Sir Thos. Wenman) upon her +coming out of Ireland and return thither. To the Right Hon. the +lady Viscountess Falkland, upon her going into Ireland, two +Sonnets. The Youth in the Boat. Acrostics of the truly noble, +vertuous, and learned Lady, the Lady Agnes Wenman; of the Lady +Penelope Dynham; of Mrs. Jane Wenman. Verses on the Chapel of +Wadham College consecration, St. Peter's Day, 1613; on Caversham or +Causham House; of Witham House, Oxfordshire, the house of a noble +Knight, and favourer of my Muse; and Elegy on a Bullfinch, 1648; of +the Four Mile Course of Bayaides Green, six times run over, by two +famous Irish footmen, Patrick Dorning and William +O'Farrell.—It contains about 40 leaves, much corrected, and +at the end is 'L'Envoy':—</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"'Go, sweet Polymnia, thanks for all your cost</p> +<p>And love to me; wherein no love is lost.</p> +<p>As you have taught me various verse to use,</p> +<p>I have to right you to be a Christian Muse.'"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I have been thus particular in transcribing this passage from +Cole, because this copy, mentioned as being in the possession of +Mr. Knight, jun. (quere, where is it now?), varies from mine, +obtained from Mr. Heber's Collection, and was no doubt the one +prepared and corrected for the press by Basse. The following poems, +mentioned by Cole, are not in my copy:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"To the Right Hon. the Lady Aungier (then wife of Sir Thos. +Wenman) upon her coming out of Ireland, <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page297" id="page297"></a>{297}</span> and +return thither. Acrostics of the truly noble, vertuous, and learned +Lady, the Lady Agnes Wenman; of the Lady Penelope Dynham; of Mrs. +Jane Wenman. Verses on the Chapel of Wadham College consecration, +St. Peter's Day, 1613; and on Caversham or Causham House."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>My copy, however, contains the following poems, not mentioned in +the other:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Of a Great Floud; of the Raine-bowe; of Pen and Pensill, upon a +fayre and vertuous Ladye's Picture; and the Spirituall Race."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The MS. contains 52 leaves, beautifully written without any +corrections, and is in the original binding. It was procured by Mr. +Heber from Hanwell, the Bookseller in Oxford, who had probably +purchased it on the taking down of Ricot, the old seat of the +Norreys family, and the dispersion of its contents. It has the +autograph of Francis Lord Norreys on the fly-leaf, and was no doubt +a presentation copy to him from Basse. The poetry of this work does +not rise above mediocrity, and is not equal in thought or vigour to +the Epitaph on Shakspeare. The chief portion of the volume is +occupied with the singular tale of "The Youth in the Boat," which +is divided into two parts; the first, containing (with the +introduction) 59 verses of four lines each, and the second 163, +exclusive of the "Morall," which occupies 11 more.</p> +<p>We know that it was Basse's intention to have published these +poems, from some lines addressed by Dr. Ralph Bathurst "To Mr. W. +Basse upon the intended publication of his poems, January 13. +1651," which are given in Warton's <i>Life and Literary Remains of +Dean Bathurst</i>, 8vo. 1761, p. 288. In these lines the Dean +compares Basse, who was still living, "to an aged oak," and +says:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Though thy grey Muse grew up with elder times,</p> +<p>And our deceased Grandsires lisp'd thy rhymes,</p> +<p>Yet we can sing thee too."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>From these lines, therefore, written nearly 50 years after the +publication of his former works in 1602, when we may reasonably +suppose he could not have been under 20, it is certain that Basse +was then well stricken in years; and the probability is, that he +died very shortly afterwards, and that this was the reason of the +non-publication of his poems. It is possible that a search into the +registers at Thame or that neighbourhood, or in the court at +Oxford, might settle this point, and also furnish some further +information concerning his family and connections. Cole mentions +that a person of both his names was admitted a sizar in Emanuel +College, Cambridge, in 1629, of Suffolk, and took his degree of +B.A. in 1632 and M.A. in 1636. But this was too modern a date for +our poet, and might possibly be his son.</p> +<p>I have been informed that in Winchester College library, in a +4to. volume, there are some poems by Mr. William Basse; but the +title of the volume I have not been able to obtain.</p> +<p>Mr. Collier concludes his remarks, with a supposition that Basse +"was a musical composer, as well as writer of verses." I believe +Mr. C. to be right in this notion, from a passage which I find in +the commencement of the 2nd Part of "The Youth in the Boat," where, +alluding to "sweete Calliope," he remarks:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"A Muse to whom in former dayes</p> +<p class="i2">I was extremely bound,</p> +<p>When I did sing in <i>Musiques</i> prayse,</p> +<p class="i2">And <i>Voyces</i> heau'nly sound."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>And from the circumstance also of one of the Ballads in the +Roxburghe Collection, "Wit's never good till 'tis bought," being +sung to the tune of "Basse's Carreere." Mr. Collier has reprinted +this in his elegant <i>Book of Roxburghe Ballads</i>, 4to. 1847, p. +264., and says:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The tune to which is sung, 'Basse's Carreere,' means of course, +the tune mentioned in Walton's <i>Angler</i>, 'The Hunter in his +Career,' composed, as he states by William Basse."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I have a distant recollection of having seen other pieces in +some of our early musical works, composed by Basse. Sir Harris +Nicolas, also, in the "Life of Walton," prefixed to his edition of +<i>The Complete Angler</i>, p. cxx., says:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"He (Walton) appears to have been fond of poetry and music.... +and was intimate with <i>Basse, an eminent composer</i>, in whose +science he took great interest."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I fear that these notices of William Basse, thus collected +together from scattered sources, will not afford much information +to Mr. Collier, beyond what he is already possessed of; but they +may possibly interest others, who may not be quite so conversant +with our early writers as that gentleman is known to be. I shall +feel much gratified and obliged if he or any other of your +correspondents will add any further notices or communications +respecting one who may possibly have been personally known to +Shakspeare, but whose name, at all events, will be handed down to +posterity in connection with that of our immortal bard.</p> +<p class="author">THOMAS CORSER,</p> +<p>Stand Rectory, Feb. 22. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>JOHN STOWE.</h3> +<p>In the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, vol. vii., new series, p. +48., is a clever notice of the life and works of the venerable John +Stowe. It says:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The biographers have affirmed that he quitted his trade; but +there is nothing to authorize that assertion in what he says +himself upon the subject."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>In the preface to an edition of the <i>Summarie for the Year</i> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page298" id= +"page298"></a>{298}</span> 1575, now in my possession, Stowe +says:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"It is nowe x yeres, since I (seeing the confuse order of our +late englishe Chronicles, and the ignorant handling of aunciet +affaires) leaning myne own peculiar gains, coscerated my selfe to +the searche of our famous antiquities."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Stowe was born in 1525; he was then 40 years of age when he gave +up his "peculiar gains," and devoted himself entirely to +antiquarian labours. There had already appeared his edition of +<i>Chaucer</i> in 1561, also the commencement of the +<i>Summaries</i>; but his greater works, the <i>Annals, Survey of +London</i>, &c., were not published till several years +after.</p> +<p>In his old age he was reduced to poverty, or rather to actual +beggary; for shortly before his death, when fourscore years old, he +was permitted, by royal letters patent, to become a mendicant. This +curious document is printed in Mr. Bolton Corney's <i>Curiosities +of Literature Illustrated</i>, and sets forth, that</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Whereas our louing Subject, John Stowe, this fine & forty +yeers hath to his great charge, & with neglect of his ordinary +meanes of maintenance (for the generall good as well of posteritie, +as of the present age) compiled and published diuerse necessary +bookes & Chronicles; and therefore we, in recompense of these +his painfull laboures, & for the encouragement to the like, +haue in our royall inclination ben pleased to graunt our Letters +Patents &c. &c.; thereby authorizing him and his deputies +to collect amongst our louing subjects, theyr voluntary +contributions & kinde gratuities."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The whole preface to this edition of the <i>Summarie</i> is +curious, and is followed by a List of "Authors out of whom this +Summary is collected."</p> +<p>In Hearne's <i>Robert of Gloster</i>, preface, p. lxi., allusion +is made to these <i>Summaries</i>. He says:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"I have not yet met with a copy of this <i>Summary</i> in which +we have an account of his authors."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>After a panegyric on Stowe's incredible industry he +says:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Sir Roger Lestrange, talking some years before his death with a +very ingenious and learned Gentleman about our Historians, was +pleased to say, <i>that it was always a wonder to him, that the +very best that had penn'd our History in English should be a poor +Taylour, honest John Stowe</i>. Sir Roger said a <i>Taylour</i>, +because Stowe, as is reported, was bred a cap-maker. The trade of +Cap-making was then much in fashion, Hats being not at that time +much in request."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">J.E.N.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>TRANSPOSITION OF LETTERS.</h3> +<p>The only reason, I imagine, which can be given for the +transposition of letters spoken of by Mr. Williams (No. 12. p. +184.), is that it was done on "phonetic" principles—for the +sake of euphony:—the new way was felt or fancied to be easier +to the organs of speech, or (which is nearly the same) pleasanter +to those of hearing. Such alterations have at all times been +made,—as is well known to those versed in the earlier stages +of the language,—and often most arbitrarily. It is needless +to say that "provincial and vulgar" usage throws much light on the +changes in the forms of words; and perhaps a little attention to +the manner in which words are altered by the peasantry would +illustrate the point in question more than a learned comment.</p> +<p>No form of verbal corruption is more frequent throughout the +rural districts of England than that produced by the transposition +of letters, especially of consonants: such words as <i>world</i>, +<i>wasp</i>, <i>great</i>, are, as every one knows, still +ordinarily (though less frequently than a dozen years ago) +pronounced <i>wordle</i>, <i>waps</i>, <i>gurt</i>. So with names +of places: thus Cholsey (Berks.) is called Chosley.</p> +<p>The dropping of a letter is to be accounted for in a like +manner. Probably the word was first <i>pronounced</i> short, and +when the ear became accustomed to the shortened sound, the +superfluous (or rather unpronounced) letter would be dropped in +writing. In proper names, to which your correspondent particularly +refers, we observe this going on extensively in the present day. +Thus, in Caermarthen and Caernarvon, though the <i>e</i> is +etymologically of importance, it is now very generally +omitted—and that by "those in authority:" in the Ordnance +Maps, Parliamentary "Blue Books," and Poor-law documents, those +towns are always spelled Carnarvon, Carmarthen. A still more +striking instance is that of a well-known village on the Thames, +opposite Runnimede. Awhile back it was commonly spelled +Wyrardisbury; now it appears on the time-tables of the +South-Western Railway (and perhaps elsewhere) Wraysbury, which very +nearly represents the local pronunciation.</p> +<p>It is, perhaps, worth while to remark that letters are sometimes +added as well as dropped by the peasantry. Thus the Cockley, a +little tributary of Wordsworth's <i>Duddon</i>, is by the natives +of Donnerdale invariably called Cocklety beck; whether for the sake +of euphony, your readers may decide.</p> +<p>And now, Sir, you will perhaps permit me to put a query. Tom +Brown, in his <i>Dialogues</i>, p. 44. ed. 1704., has a well-known +line:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Why was not he a rascal</p> +<p>Who refused to suffer the Children of Israel to go</p> +<p>into the Wilderness with their wives and families</p> +<p>to eat the Paschal?"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>which he says he found on some "very ancient hangings in a +country ale-house." I have never doubted that he was himself the +author; but having heard it positively ascribed to a very different +person, I should be glad to know whether <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page299" id="page299"></a>{299}</span> any of +your readers have met with it in an earlier writer; and if so, to +whom is it to be ascribed?</p> +<p class="author">J.T.</p> +<p><i>Pet-Names—"Jack."</i>—Perhaps one of your many +readers, erudite in etymologies, will kindly explain how "Jack" +came to be used as the <i>diminutive</i> for John. Dr. Kennedy, in +his recent interesting disquisition on pet-names (No. 16. p. 242.), +supposes that Jaques was (by confusion) transmuted into "Jack;" a +"metamorphosis," almost as violent as the celebrated one effected, +some two centuries ago, by Sir John Harrington. "Poor John," from +being so long "Jack among his familiars," has been most scurvily +treated, being employed to form sundry very derogatory compounds, +such as, Jackass, Jackpudding, Jack-a-dandy, Jackanapes, +Jack-a-lent, Jack o' oaks (knave of clubs), Jack-o' th' Lantern, +&c. &c. Might not "Jack" have been derived from John, +somewhat after the following +fashion:—Johan—Joan—Jan—Janchen or +Jankin.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Ho! jolly Jenkin,</p> +<p>I spy a knave in drinkin."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Jankin = little John. Jank—Jak. This etymology has, I +confess, a very great resemblance to the Millerian mode of educing +Cucumber from Jeremiah King; but it is the most plausible which +occurs at present to</p> +<p class="author">L. Kennaquhair.</p> +<p><i>John—Pisan.</i>—I will thank you to inform your +correspondent "C." (No. 15 p. 234.), that we must look to the East +for the "original word" of John. In the Waldensian MSS. of the +Gospels of the 12th Century, we find Ioanes, showing its derivation +from the Greek <i>Iohannaes</i>. The word Pisan occurs in the 33rd +vol. of the <i>Archæologia</i>, p. 131.</p> +<p>I have considered it was a contraction for <i>pavoisine</i>, a +small shield; and I believe this was the late Dr. Meyrick's +opinion.</p> +<p class="author">B.W. Feb. 25.</p> +<p>Sir,—If the signature to the article in No. 16., "on Pet +Names," had not been Scottish, I should have been less surprised at +the author's passing over the name of <i>Jock</i>, universally used +in Scotland for <i>John</i>. The termination <i>ick</i> or +<i>ck</i> is often employed, as marking a diminutive object, or +object of endearment. May not the English term <i>Jack</i>, if not +directly borrowed from the Scottish <i>Jock</i>, have been formed +<i>through</i> the primary +<i>Jock</i>—John—Jock—Jack?</p> +<p class="author">EMDEE.</p> +<p><i>Origin of the Change of "Mary" into "Polly"</i> (No. 14. p. +215.).—This change, like many others in diminutives, is +progressive. By a natural affinity between the liquids <i>r</i> and +<i>l</i>, <i>Mary</i> becomes <i>Molly</i>, as <i>Sarah</i>, +<i>Sally</i>, <i>Dorothea</i>, <i>Dora</i>, <i>Dolly</i>, &c. +It is not so easy to trace the affinity between the <i>initials</i> +M. and P., though the case is not singular; thus, <i>Margaret</i>, +Madge, Meggy, Meg, <i>Peggy</i>, <i>Peg</i>—<i>Martha</i>, +Matty, <i>Patty</i>—and <i>Mary</i>, Molly, <i>Polly</i> and +<i>Poll</i>; in which last abbreviation not one single letter of +the original word remains: the natural affinity between the two +letters, as <i>medials</i>, is evident, as in the following +examples, all of which, with one exception, are Latin derivatives: +<i>empty</i>, <i>peremptory</i>, <i>sumptuous</i>, +<i>presumptuous</i>, <i>exemption</i>, <i>redemption</i>, and +<i>sempstress</i> and again, in the words <i>tempt</i>, +<i>attempt</i>, <i>contempt</i>, <i>exempt</i>, <i>prompt</i>, +<i>accompt</i>, <i>comptroller</i> (vid. Walker's <i>Prin. of Eng. +Pron.</i> pp. 42, 43.); in all which instances however, the +<i>p</i> is mute, so that "Mary" is avenged for its being the +accomplice in the desecration of her gentle name into "Polly." Many +names of the other sex lose their initials in the diminutive; +as,</p> +<pre> +<i>R</i>ichard <i>D</i>ick +<i>R</i>obert <i>B</i>ob +<i>W</i>illiam <i>B</i>ill +<i>E</i>dward <i>N</i>ed +<i>C</i>hristopher <i>K</i>it +<i>R</i>oger <i>H</i>odge, +</pre> +<p>and probably many others; but I have no list before me, and +these are all that occur.</p> +<p class="author">Philologos. Deanery of Gloucester, Shrove +Tuesday, 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>PARALLEL PASSAGES OR PLAGIARISMS IN CHILDE HAROLD.</h3> +<p>Permit me to add two further plagiarisms or parallel passages on +the subject of <i>Childe Harold</i> to those already contributed by +your valuable correspondent "Melanion."</p> +<p>Mrs. Radcliffe (who I am informed was never out of England) is +describing in her <i>Mysteries of Udolpho</i>, Chap. xvi. the +appearance of Venice. "Its terraces, crowded with airy, yet +majestic fabrics touched as they now were with the splendour of the +setting sun, appeared as if they had been <i>called up from the +Ocean by the wand of an enchanter</i>."</p> +<p>In the 1st stanza of the 4th canto of <i>Childe Harold</i> we +have the well known lines—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"I stood in Venice on the bridge of sighs,</p> +<p>A palace and a prison on each hand:</p> +<p>I saw from out the wave her structures rise</p> +<p>As from the stroke of the enchanter's wand."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>In one of his letters Lord Byron tells us of his fondness for +the above novel.</p> +<p>Again in Kirke White's <i>Christiad</i>—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"The lyre which I in early days have strung,</p> +<p>And now my spirits faint, and I have hung</p> +<p>The shell that solaced me in saddest hour</p> +<p>On the dark cypress—"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>May be compared with the last stanza but one of the 4th +canto.</p> +<p class="author">T.R.M.</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page300" id= +"page300"></a>{300}</span> +<h3>INEDITED LINES BY ROBERT BURNS.</h3> +<p>The following lines by Robert Burns have never appeared in any +collection of his works. They were given to me some time ago at +Chatham Barracks by Lieut. Colonel Fergusson, R.M., formerly of +Dumfriesshire, by whom they were copied from the <i>tumbler</i> +upon which they were originally written.</p> +<p>Shortly before the death of Alan Cunningham I sent these verses +to him, as well as two Epigrams of Burns, "On Howlet Face," and "On +the Mayor of Carlisle's impounding his Horse," which were not +included in his edition of Burns' works. In a letter which I +received from Alan Cunningham, and which now lies before me, he +says:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The pieces you were so good as to send me are by Burns, and the +Epigrams are old acquaintances of mine. I know not how I came to +omit them. I shall print them in the next edition, and say it was +you who reminded me of them."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I believe that one or both of the Epigrams were printed in the +8vo. edition of the works in one volume, but my name is not +mentioned as the contributor, which I regret; for, as an +enthusiastic admirer of Burns, and a collector for many years of +his fugitive pieces, it would have been gratifying to me to have +been thus noticed. Perhaps Cunningham did not superintend that +edition.</p> +<p>The verses I now send you, and which may, perhaps, be worth +preserving in your valuable miscellany, originated thus:—On +occasion of a social meeting at Brownhill inn, in the parish of +Closeburn, near Dumfries, which was, according to Alan Cunningham, +"a favourite resting-place of Burns," the poet, who was one of the +party, was not a little delighted by the unexpected appearance of +his friend William Stewart. He seized a tumbler, and in the fulness +of his heart, wrote the following lines on it with a diamond. The +tumbler is carefully preserved, and was shown some years since by a +relative of Mr. Stewart, at his cottage at Closeburn, to Colonel +Fergusson, who transcribed the lines, and gave them to me with the +assurance that they had never been printed.</p> +<p>The first verse is an adaptation of a well known Jacobite +lyric.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"You're welcome Willie Stewart!</p> +<p class="i2">You're welcome Willie Stewart!</p> +<p>There's no a flower that blooms in May</p> +<p class="i2">That's half so welcome as thou art!</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Come bumper high, express your joy!</p> +<p class="i2">The bowl—ye maun renew it—</p> +<p>The <i>tappit-hen</i>—gae fetch her ben,</p> +<p class="i2">To welcome Willie Stewart!</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>May faes be strong—may friends be slack—</p> +<p class="i2">May he ilk action rue it—</p> +<p>May woman on him turn her back</p> +<p class="i2">Wad wrang thee Willie Stewart!"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">J. Reynell Wreford.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>LACEDÆMONIAN BLACK BROTH.</h3> +<p>Your correspondent "R.O." having inquired after the author of +the conjecture that the Lacedæmonian Black Broth was composed +wholly, or in part, of coffee, such an idea appearing to me to have +arisen principally from a presumed identity of colour between the +two, and to have no foundation in fact, I have endeavoured to +combat it, in the first instance by raising the question, whether +it was black or not?</p> +<p>This has brought us to the main point, what the [Greek: zomos +melas] really was. And here "R.O." appears to rest content upon the +probablity of coffee having been an ingredient. Permit me to assign +some additional reasons for entertaining a different opinion.</p> +<p>We read nothing in native writers of anything like coffee in +Greece, indigenous or imported; and how in the world was it to get +into Laconia, inhabited, as it is well known to have been, by a +race of men the least prone of any to change their customs, and the +least accessible to strangers. Lycurgus, we are told, forbade his +people to be sailors, or to contend at sea<a id="footnotetag6" +name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a>, so +that they had no means of importing it themselves; and what foreign +merchant would sell it to them, who had only iron money to pay +withal, and dealt, moreover, as much as possible by way of +barter?<a id="footnotetag7" name="footnotetag7"></a><a href= +"#footnote7"><sup>7</sup></a></p> +<p>But it may be said they cultivated the plant themselves; that +is, in other words, that the Helots raised it for them. If so, how +happens it that all mention of the berry is omitted in the +catalogue of their monthly contributions to the Phiditia, which are +said to have consisted of meal, wine, cheese, figs, and a very +little money?<a id="footnotetag8" name="footnotetag8"></a><a href= +"#footnote8"><sup>8</sup></a> and when the king of Pontus<a id= +"footnotetag9" name="footnotetag9"></a><a href= +"#footnote9"><sup>9</sup></a> indulged in the expensive fancy of +buying to himself (not hiring, let it be recollected) a cook, to +make that famous broth which Dionysius found so detestable, how +came he not at the same time to think of buying a pound of coffee +also? Moreover, if we consider its universal popularity at present, +it is hardly to be supposed that, in ancient times, coffee would +have suited no palate except that of a Lacedæmonian.</p> +<p>With respect to the colour of the broth, I am reminded of my own +reference to <i>Pollux</i>, lib. vi. who is represented by your +correspondent to say that the [Greek: melas zomos] was also called +[Greek: aimatia], a word which Messrs. Scott and Liddell interpret +to <span class="pagenum"><a name="page301" id= +"page301"></a>{301}</span> denote "blood broth," and go on to +state, upon the authority of Manso, that blood was a principal +ingredient in this celebrated Lacedæmonian dish. Certainly, +if the case were really so, the German writer would have succeeded +in preparing for us a most disagreeable and warlike kind of food; +but my astonishment has not been small, upon turning to the +passage, to find that "R.O.'s" authorities had misled him, and that +<i>Pollux</i> really says nothing of the kind. His words (I quote +from the edition 2 vols. folio, Amst. 1706) are these,</p> +<p>[Greek: "O de melas kaloumenos zomos Lakonikon men hos epi to +poly to edesma. esti de hae kaloumenae haimatia. to de thrion hode +eskeuazon, k.t.l."]</p> +<p>The general subject of the section is the different kinds of +flesh used by man for food, and incidentally the good things which +may be made from these; which leads the writer to mention by name +many kinds of broth, amongst which he says towards the end, is that +called [Greek: melas zomos] which might be considered almost as a +Lacedæmonian dish; adding further, that there was a something +called hæmatia (and this might have been a black pudding or +sausage for anything that appears to the contrary); also the +thrium, which was prepared in a manner he proceeds to describe. Now +the three parts of the sentence which has been given above in the +original do, to the best of my judgment, clearly refer to three +different species of food; and I would appeal to the candid opinion +of any competent Greek scholar, whether, according to the idiom of +that language, the second part of it is so expressed, as to connect +it with, and make it explanatory of, the first. We want, for this +purpose, a relative, either with or without [Greek: esti]; and the +change of gender in hæmatia seems perfectly unaccountable if +it is intended to have any reference to [Greek: zomos].</p> +<p>It may not be unimportant to add that the significant silence of +Meursius, (an author surely not to be lightly thought of) who in +his <i>Miscellanea Laconica</i> says nothing of blood broth at the +Phiditia, implies that he understood the passage of Pollux as +intended to convey the meaning expressed above.</p> +<p>Another lexicographer, Hesychius, informs us that [Greek: Bapha] +was the Lacedæmonian term for [Greek: zomos]; and this, +perhaps, was the genuine appellation for that which other Greeks +expressed by a periphrasis, either in contempt or dislike, or +because its colour was really dark, the juices of the meat being +thoroughly extracted into it. That it was nutritive and powerful +may be inferred from what Plutarch mentions, that the older men +were content to give up the meat to the younger ones, and live upon +the broth only<a id="footnotetag10" name= +"footnotetag10"></a><a href="#footnote10"><sup>10</sup></a>, which, +had it been very poor, they would not have done.</p> +<p>When these remarks were commenced, it was for the purpose of +showing, by means of a passage not generally referred to, what the +ancients conceived the "black broth" to be, and that consequently, +all idea of coffee entering into its composition was untenable. How +far this has been accomplished the reader must decide: but I cannot +quit the subject without expressing my sincere persuasion, founded +upon a view of the authorities referred to, that the account given +by Athenæus is substantially correct. Pig meat would be much +in use with a people not disposed to take the trouble of preparing +any other: the animal was fit for nothing but food; and the refuse +of their little farms would be sufficient for his keep. +Athenæus also, in another passage, supplies us with a +confirmation of the notion that <i>the stock</i> was made from +<i>pig</i>, and this is stronger because it occurs incidentally. It +is found in a quotation from Matron, the maker of parodies, who, +alluding to some person or other who had not got on very well at a +Lacedæmonian feast, explains the cause of his failure to have +been, that the black broth, and boiled odds and ends of pig meat, +had beaten him;</p> +<p>"[Greek: Damna min zomos te melas akrokolia t' hephtha.]"<a id= +"footnotetag11" name="footnotetag11"></a><a href= +"#footnote11"><sup>11</sup></a></p> +<p>That their cookery was not of a very recondite nature, is +evident from what is mentioned by Plutarch, that the public meals +were instituted at first in order to prevent their being in the +hands of artistes and cooks<a id="footnotetag12" name= +"footnotetag12"></a><a href="#footnote12"><sup>12</sup></a>, while +to these every one sent a stated portion of provisions, so that +there would neither be change nor variety in them. Cooks again were +sent out of Sparta, if they could do more than dress meat<a id= +"footnotetag13" name="footnotetag13"></a><a href= +"#footnote13"><sup>13</sup></a>; while the only seasoning allowed +to them was salt and vinegar<a id="footnotetag14" name= +"footnotetag14"></a><a href="#footnote14"><sup>14</sup></a>; for +which reason, perhaps, Meursius considers the composition of the +[Greek: zomos melas] to have been pork gravy seasoned with vinegar +and salt<a id="footnotetag15" name="footnotetag15"></a><a href= +"#footnote15"><sup>15</sup></a>, since there seemed to have been +nothing else of which it could possibly have been made.</p> +<p>For MR. TREVELYAN's suggestion of the cuttlefish, I am greatly +obliged to him; but this was an Athenian dish, and too good for the +severity of Spartan manners. It is impossible not to smile at the +idea of the distress which Cineparius must have felt, had he +happened to witness the performances of any persons thus swallowing +ink bottles by wholesale.</p> +<p>The passages which have been already quoted, <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page302" id="page302"></a>{302}</span> either by +R.O. or myself, will probably give Mr. T. sufficient information of +the principal ones in which the "black broth" is mentioned.</p> +<p class="author">W.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote6" name= +"footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag6">(return)</a> +<p><i>Xen. de Rep. Lac.</i></p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote7" name= +"footnote7"></a><b>Footnote 7:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag7">(return)</a> +<p>"Emi singula non pecuniâ sed compensatione mercium, jussit +(Lycurgus)."—<i>Justin</i>. iii. 2.</p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote8" name= +"footnote8"></a><b>Footnote 8:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag8">(return)</a> +<p><i>Plut. in Lyc.</i></p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote9" name= +"footnote9"></a><b>Footnote 9:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag9">(return)</a> +<p><i>Plut. in Lyc.</i> The word is [Greek: priasthai], the cook +probably a slave and Helot. There seems some confusion between this +story, and that of Dionysius tyrant of Syracuse, noticed in the +beginning of the <i>Inst. Lacon.</i>, and by Cicero in the +<i>Tusculan Questions</i>, v. 34. The Syracusan table was +celebrated.]</p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote10" name= +"footnote10"></a><b>Footnote 10:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag10">(return)</a> +<p><i>Plut. in Lyc.</i></p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote11" name= +"footnote11"></a><b>Footnote 11:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag11">(return)</a> +<p><i>Ath. Deip.</i> iv. 13. l. 93.</p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote12" name= +"footnote12"></a><b>Footnote 12:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag12">(return)</a> +<p><i>Plut. in Lyc.</i> "[Greek: En chersi daemiourgon kai +mageiron.]"</p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote13" name= +"footnote13"></a><b>Footnote 13:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag13">(return)</a> +<p>"[Greek: Edei de opsopoious en Lakedaimoni einai kreos monou ho +de para touto epizamenos exelauneto taes +Spartaes]."—<i>Æl. Var. Hist.</i> xiv. 7.</p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote14" name= +"footnote14"></a><b>Footnote 14:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag14">(return)</a> +<p>"[Greek: Hoi Lakones hoxos men kai halas dontes to mageiro, ta +loipa keleuoysin en to hiereio xaetein]."—<i>Plut. de tuenda +Sanitate.</i></p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote15" name= +"footnote15"></a><b>Footnote 15:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag15">(return)</a> +<p><i>Meursii Misc. Lacon</i>. lib. i. cap. 8.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>QUERIES.</h2> +<h3>TEN QUERIES CONCERNING POETS AND POETRY.</h3> +<p>1. In a curious poetical tract, entitled <i>A Whip for an Ape, +or Martin displaied</i>; no date, but printed in the reign of +Elizabeth, occurs the following stanza:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And ye grave men that answere Martin's mowes,</p> +<p>He mockes the more, and you in vain loose times.</p> +<p>Leave Apes to Dogges to baite, their skins to Crowes,</p> +<p>And let old LANAM lashe him with his rimes."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Was this <i>old Lanam</i>, the same person as Robert Laneham, +who wrote "a Narrative of Queen Elizabeth's Visit to Kenilworth +Castle in 1575"? I do not find his name in Ritson's +<i>Bibliographica Poetica</i>.</p> +<p>2. In Spence's <i>Anecdotes of Books and Men</i> (Singer's edit. +p. 22.), a poet named Bagnall is mentioned as the author of the +once famous poem <i>The Counter Scuffle</i>. Edmund Gayton, the +author of <i>Pleasant Notes upon Don Quixote</i>, wrote a tract, in +verse, entitled <i>Will Bagnall's Ghost</i>. Who was Will Bagnall? +He appears to have been a well-known person, and one of the wits of +the days of Charles the First, but I cannot learn anything of his +biography.</p> +<p>3. In the <i>Common-place Book</i> of Justinian Paget, a lawyer +of James the First's time preserved among the Harleian MSS. in the +British Museum, is the following sonnet:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"My love and I for kisses play'd;</p> +<p class="i2">Shee would keepe stakes, I was content;</p> +<p>But when I wonn she would be pay'd,</p> +<p class="i2">This made me aske her what she ment;</p> +<p>Nay, since I see (quoth she), you wrangle in vaine,</p> +<p class="i2">Take your owne kisses, give me mine againe."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The initials at the end, "W.S.", probably stand for William +Stroud or Strode, whose name is given at length to some other +rhymes in the same MS. I should be glad to know if this quaint +little conceit has been printed before, and if so, in what +collection.</p> +<p>4. What is the earliest printed copy of the beautiful old song +"My Mind to me a Kingdom is?" It is to be found in a rare tract by +Nicholas Breton, entitled <i>The Court and Country, or A Briefe +Discourse betweene the Courtier and Country-man</i>, 4to. 1618. +Query, is Breton its author?</p> +<p>5. Mr. Edward Farr, in his <i>Select Poetry, chiefly Devotional, +of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth</i> (vol. i, p. xix.), calls +Nicholas Breton, <i>Sir Nicholas</i>. Is there any authority for +Breton's knighthood?</p> +<p>6. Can John Davies, the author of <i>Sir Martin Mar-people</i>, +1590, be identified with John Davies of Hereford, or Sir John +Davies, the author of <i>Nosce Teipsum</i>, 1599?</p> +<p>7. In whose possession is the copy of Marlow and Chapman's +<i>Hero and Leander</i>, 1629, sold in Heber's sale (Part iv., No. +1415)? Has the Rev. Alex. Dyce made use of the MS. notes, and the +Latin Epitaph on Sir Roger Manwood, by Marlow, contained in this +copy?</p> +<p>8. Has any recent evidence been discovered as to the authorship +of <i>The Complaynt of Scotland</i>? Is Sir David Lindsay, or +Wedderburn, the author of this very interesting work?</p> +<p>9. In the Rev. J.E. Tyler's <i>Henry of Monmouth</i> (vol. ii +Appendix, p. 417.), is a ballad on <i>The Battle of Agincourt</i>, +beginning as follows:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Fair stood the wind for France,</p> +<p>When we our sails advance;</p> +<p>Nor now to prove our chance,</p> +<p class="i4">Longer will tarry;</p> +<p>But, putting to the main,</p> +<p>At Kaux, the mouth of Seine,</p> +<p>With all his martial train,</p> +<p class="i4">Landed King Harry."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The author of this old ballad, the learned editor says, was +<i>Michael Drayton</i>; but I have not been able to find it in any +edition of his works which I have consulted. Can Mr. Tyler have +confounded it with Drayton's <i>Poem</i> on the same subject? Any +information on this point will be very acceptable.</p> +<p>10. On the fly-leaf of an Old Music Book which I lately +purchased is the following little poem. I do not remember to have +seen it in print, but some of your correspondents may correct +me.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"TO THE LORD BACON WHEN FALLING FROM FAVOUR.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Dazel'd thus with height of place,</p> +<p class="i2">Whilst our hopes our wits beguile;</p> +<p>No man marks the narrow space</p> +<p class="i2">'Twixt a prison and a smile.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Then since fortune's favours fade,</p> +<p class="i2">You that in her arms do sleep,</p> +<p>Learn to swim and not to wade,</p> +<p class="i2">For the hearts of kings are deep.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"But if greatness be so blind,</p> +<p class="i2">As to burst in towers of air;</p> +<p>Let it be with goodness lin'd,</p> +<p class="i2">That at least the fall be fair.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Then, though dark'ned you shall say,</p> +<p class="i2">When friends fail and princes frown;</p> +<p>Virtue is the roughest way,</p> +<p class="i2">But proves at night a bed of down."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>It is in the hand-writing of "Johs. Rasbrick vic. de Kirkton," +but whether he was the author, or only the transcriber, is +uncertain.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page303" id= +"page303"></a>{303}</span> +<h3>BISHOP COSIN'S FORM OF CONSECRATION OF CHURCHES.</h3> +<p>We learn from Wilkins (<i>Concilia</i>, tom. iv. p. 566, ed. +Lond. 1737), also from Cardwell (<i>Synodal</i>. pp. 668. 677. 820. +ed. Oxon. 1842), and from some other writers, that the care of +drawing up a Form of Consecration of Churches, Chapels, and +Burial-places, was committed to Bishop Cosin by the Convocation of +1661; which form, when complete, is stated to have been put into +the hands of Robert, Bishop of Oxon, Humphrey, Bishop of Sarum, +Robert, Bishop of Lincoln, and John, Bishop of Coventry and +Lichfield, for revision.</p> +<p>I should feel much obliged if (when you can find space) you +would kindly put the query to your correspondents—"What has +become of this Form?"</p> +<p>There is at Durham a Form of Consecration of Churches, said to +be in the hand-writing of Basire; at the end of which the following +notes are written:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"This forme was used at the consecration of Christ's Church, +neare Tinmouth, by the Right Rev. Father in God, John, Lord Bishop +of Duresme, on Sunday, the 5th of July, 1668.</p> +<p>"Hæc forma Consecrationis consonant cum formâ +Reverendi in Christo Patris Lanceloti Andewes, edit. anno 1659.</p> +<p>"Deest Anathema, Signaculum in antiquis dedicationibus.</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Deest mentio (Nuptiarum.</p> +<p class="i8">(Purificationis Mulierum."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>As this, however, can hardly be the missing Form of Consecration +of Churches, &c., which Cosin himself seems to have drawn up +for the Convocation of 1661, but which appears to have been no more +heard of from the time when it was referred to the four bishops for +revision, the question still remains to be answered—What has +become of that Form? Can the MS. by any chance have found its way +into the Library of Peterhouse, Cambridge, or into the Chapter +Library at Peterborough—or is any other unpublished MS. of +Bishop Cosin's known to exist in either of these, or in any other +library?</p> +<p class="author">J. Sansom.</p> +<p>8. Park Place, Oxford, Feb. 18, 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>PORTRAITS OF LUTHER, ERASMUS, AND ULRIC VON HUTTEN.</h3> +<p>I am very much indebted to "S.W.S." for the information which he +has supplied (No. 15. p. 232.) relative to ancient wood-cut +representations of Luther and Erasmus. As he has mentioned Ulric +von Hutten also (for whom I have an especial veneration, on account +of his having published Valla's famous <i>Declamatio</i> so early +as 1517), perhaps he would have the kindness to state which is +supposed to be the best wood-cut likeness of this resolute ("Jacta +est alea") man. "S.W.S." speaks of a portrait of him which belongs +to the year 1523. I have before me another, which forms the +title-page of the <i>Huttenica</i>, issued "ex Ebernburgo," in +1521. This was, I believe, his place of refuge from the +consequences which resulted from his annexation of marginal notes +to Pope Leo's Bull of the preceding year. In the remarkable +wood-cut with which "[Greek: OYTIS, NEMO]" commences, the object of +which is not immediately apparent, it would seem that "VL." implied +a play upon the initial letters of <i>U</i>lysses and +<i>U</i>lricus. This syllable is put over the head of a person +whose neck looks as if it were already the worse from unfortunate +proximity to the terrible rock wielded by Polyphemus. I should be +glad that "S.W.S." could see some manuscript verses in German, +whcih are at the end of my copy of De Hutten's <i>Conquestio ad +Germanos</i>. They appear to have been written by the author in +1520; and at the conclusion, he has added, "Vale ingrata +patria."</p> +<p class="author">R.G.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>QUESTIONS CONCERNING CHAUCER.</h3> +<p><i>Lollius.</i>—Who was the Lollius spoken of by Chaucer +in the following passages?</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"As write mine authour <i>Lolius</i>."</p> +<p><i>Troilus and Cresseide</i>, b. i.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"The Whichecote as telleth <i>Lollius</i>."</p> +<p>Ib. b. v.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And eke he Lollius."—<i>House of Fame</i>, b. iii.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Trophee.</i>—Who or what was "Trophee?" "Saith Trophee" +occurs in the <i>Monkes Tale</i>. I believe some MSS. read "for +Trophee;" but "saith Trophee" would appear to be the correct +rendering; for Lydgate, in the Prologue to his Translation of +Boccaccio's <i>Fall of Princes</i>, when enumerating the writings +of his "maister Chaucer," tells us, that</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"In youth he made a translacion</p> +<p>Of a boke which is called <i>Trophe</i></p> +<p>In Lumbarde tonge, as men may rede and se,</p> +<p>And in our vulgar, long or that he deyde,</p> +<p>Gave it the name of Troylous and Cressyde."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Corinna.</i>—Chaucer says somewhere, "I follow Statius +first, and then Corinna." Was Corinna in mistake put for +<i>Colonna</i>? The</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Guido eke the Colempnis,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>whom Chaucer numbers with "great Omer" and others as bearing up +the fame of Troy (<i>House of Fame</i>, b. iii.).</p> +<p><i>Friday Weather.</i>—The following meteorological +proverb is frequently repeated in Devonshire, to denote the +variability of the weather on Friday:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Fridays in the week</p> +<p>are never <i>aleek</i>."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>"Aleek" for "alike," a common Devonianism. <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page304" id="page304"></a>{304}</span> Thus +Peter Pindar describes a turbulent crowd of people as being</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"<i>Leek</i> bullocks sting'd by apple-drones."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Is this bit of weather-wisdom current in other parts of the +kingdom? I am induced to ask the question, because Chaucer seems to +have embodied the proverb in some well-known lines, +viz.:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Right as the Friday, sothly for to tell,</p> +<p>Now shineth it, and now it raineth fast,</p> +<p>Right so can gery Venus overcast</p> +<p>The hertes of hire folk, right as hire day</p> +<p>Is gerfull, right so changeth she aray.</p> +<p><i>Selde is the Friday all the weke ylike</i>."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>The Knighte's Tale</i>, line 1536.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>Tyndale.</i>—Can any of your readers inform me whether +the translation of the "<i>Enchiridion Militis Christiani +Erasmi</i>," which Tyndale completed in 1522, was ever printed?</p> +<p class="author">J.M.B.</p> +<p>Totnes, Feb. 21. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>LETTER ATTRIBUTED TO SIR ROBERT WALPOLE.</h3> +<p>In Banks's <i>Dormant Peerage</i>, vol. iii. p. 61., under the +account of <i>Pulteney, Earl of Bath</i>, is the following +extraordinary letter, said to be from Sir Robert Walpole to King +George II., which is introduced as serving to show the discernment +of Walpole, as well as the disposition of the persons by whom he +was opposed, but evidently to expose the vanity and weakness of Mr. +Pulteney, by exhibiting the scheme which was to entrap him into the +acceptance of a peerage, and so destroy his popularity. It is dated +Jan. 24. 1741, but from <i>no place</i>, and has but little +appearance of authenticity.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Most sacred,</p> +<p>"The violence of the fit of the stone, which has tormented me +for some days, is now so far abated, that, although it will not +permit me to have the honour to wait on your majesty, yet is kind +enough to enable me so far to obey your orders, as to write my +sentiments concerning that troublesome man, Mr. Pulteney; and to +point out (what I conceive to be) the most effectual method to make +him perfectly quiet. Your majesty well knows how by the dint of his +eloquence he has so captivated the mob, and attained an unbounded +popularity, that the most manifest wrong appears to be right, when +adopted and urged by him. Hence it is, that he has become not only +troublesome but dangerous. The inconsiderate multitude think that +he has not one object but public good in view; although, if they +would reflect a little, they would soon perceive that spleen +against those your majesty has honoured with your confidence has +greater weight with him than patriotism. Since, let any measure be +proposed, however salutary, if he thinks it comes from me, it is +sufficient for him to oppose it. Thus, sir, you see the affairs of +the most momentous concern are subject to the caprice of that +popular man; and he has nothing to do but call it a ministerial +project, and bellow out the word <i>favourite</i>, to have an +hundred pens drawn against it, and a thousand mouths open to +contradict it. Under these circumstances, he bears up against the +ministry (and, let me add, against your majesty itself); and every +useful scheme must be either abandoned, or if it is carried in +either house, the public are made to believe it is done by a +corrupted majority. Since these things are thus circumstanced, it +is become necessary for the public tranquility that he should be +made quiet; and the only method to do that effectually is to +destroy his popularity, and ruin the good belief the people have in +him.</p> +<p>"In order to do this, he must be invited to court; your majesty +must condescend to speak to him in the most favourable and +distinguished manner; you must make him believe that he is the only +person upon whose opinion you can rely, and to whom your people +look up for useful measures. As he has already several times +refused to take the lead in the administration, unless it was +totally modelled to his fancy, your majesty should close in with +his advice, and give him leave to arrange the administration as he +pleases, and put whom he chooses into office (there can be no +danger in that as you can dismiss him when you think fit); and when +he has got thus far (to which his extreme self-love and the high +opinion he entertains of his own importance, will easily conduce), +it will be necessary that your majesty should seem to have a great +regard for his health; signifying to him that your affairs will be +ruined if he should die; that you want to have him constantly near +you, to have his sage advice; and that therefore, as he is much +disordered in body, and something infirm, it will be necessary for +his preservation for him to quit the House of Commons, where +malevolent tempers will be continually fretting him, and where, +indeed, his presence will be needless, as no step will be taken but +according to his advice; and that he will let you give him a +distinguishing mark of your approbation, by creating him a peer. +This he may be brought to, for, if I know anything of mankind, he +has a love of honour and money; and, notwithstanding his great +haughtiness and seeming contempt for honour, he may be won if it be +done with dexterity. For, as the poet Fenton says, 'Flattery is an +oil that softens the thoughtless fool.'</p> +<p>"If your majesty can once bring him to accept of a coronet, all +will be over with him; the changing multitude will cease to have +any confidence in him; and when you see that, your majesty may turn +your back to him, dismiss him from his post, turn out his meddling +partizans, and restore things to quiet; the bee will have lost his +sting, and become an idle drone whose buzzing nobody heeds.</p> +<p>"Your majesty will pardon me for the freedom with which I have +given my sentiments and advice; which I should not have done, had +not your majesty commanded it, and had I not been certain that your +peace is much disturbed by the contrivance of that turbulent man. I +shall only add that I will dispose several whom I know to wish him +well to solicit for his establishment in power, that you may seem +to yield to their entreaties, and the finesse be less liable to be +discovered.</p> +<p>"I hope to have the honour to attend your majesty <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page305" id="page305"></a>{305}</span> in a few +days; which I will do privately, that my public presence may give +him no umbrage.</p> +<p>(Signed) ROBERT WALPOLE</p> +<p>"(Dated) 24. January, 1741."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>As it seems incredible that Walpole could have written such a +letter; and the editor does not say where it is taken from, or +where the original is, I beg to ask any of your readers whether +they have ever seen the letter elsewhere, or attributed by any +other writer to Walpole? The editor adds, "accordingly, the scheme +took place very soon after, and Mr. Pulteney was in 1742 dignified +with the titles before mentioned, <i>i.e.</i> Earl of Bath, +&c."</p> +<p class="author">G.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BISHOPS OF OSSORY.</h3> +<p>Acting on "R.R.'s" excellent suggestion (No. 16. p. 243. +<i>antè</i>), I beg to solicit from all collectors, who may +chance to see these lines, information relative to the <i>Bishops +of Ossory</i>. I am at present engaged on a work which will +comprise that portion of Harris's edition of Sir James Ware's +<i>Bishops of Ireland</i> bearing on the see of Ossory. The +following names are those concerning whom, especially, information, +either original or by reference to rare printed books, will be most +thankfully acknowledged:—</p> +<table summary="" align="center"> +<tr> +<td align="left">John Parry</td> +<td align="left">Succ. 1672</td> +<td align="right">Ob. 1677.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Benjamin Parry</td> +<td align="left">Succ. 1677</td> +<td align="right">Ob. 1678.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Michael Ward</td> +<td align="left">Succ. 1678</td> +<td align="right">Trans. 1679.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Thomas Otway</td> +<td align="left">Succ. 1679</td> +<td align="right">Ob. 1692.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">John Hartstong</td> +<td align="left">Succ. 1693</td> +<td align="right">Trans. 1713.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Sir Thos. Vesey, Bart.</td> +<td align="left">Succ. 1714</td> +<td align="right">Ob. 1730.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Edw. Tennison</td> +<td align="left">Succ. 1731</td> +<td align="right">Ob. 1735.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Charles Este</td> +<td align="left">Succ. 1736</td> +<td align="right">Trans. 1740.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Anthony Dopping</td> +<td align="left">Succ. 1740</td> +<td align="right">Ob. 1743.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Michael Cox</td> +<td align="left">Succ. 1743</td> +<td align="right">Trans. 1755.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Edward Maurice</td> +<td align="left">Succ. 1755</td> +<td align="right">Ob. 1756.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Richard Pococke</td> +<td align="left">Succ. 1756</td> +<td align="right">Trans. 1765.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Charles Dodgson</td> +<td align="left">Succ. 1765</td> +<td align="right">Trans. 1775.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">William Newcome</td> +<td align="left">Succ. 1775</td> +<td align="right">Trans. 1779.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Sir John Hotham, Bt.</td> +<td align="left">Succ. 1779</td> +<td align="right">Trans. 1782.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Hon. W. Beresford</td> +<td align="left">Succ. 1782</td> +<td align="right">Trans. 1795.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Thos. L. O'Beirne</td> +<td align="left">Succ. 1795</td> +<td align="right">Trans. 1798.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Hugh Hamilton</td> +<td align="left">Succ. 1799</td> +<td align="right">Ob. 1805.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">John Kearney</td> +<td align="left">Succ. 1806</td> +<td align="right">Ob. 1813.</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p>I may state, that I have access to that most excellent work +<i>Fasti Ecclesiæ Hiberniæ</i>, by Archdeacon Cotton, +who has collected many particulars respecting the above-named +prelates.</p> +<p class="author">JAMES GRAVES.</p> +<p>Kilkenny, Feb. 21. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<p><i>Burton's Anatomy of (Religious) Melancholy.</i>—In +compliance with the very useful suggestion of "R.R." (No. 16. p. +243.), I venture to express my intention of reprinting the latter +part of Burton's "Anatomy of Melancholy," (viz. that relating to +<i>Religious Melancholy</i>), and at the same time to intimate my +hope that any of your readers who may have it in their power to +render me any assistance, will kindly aid me in the work.</p> +<p class="author">M.D.</p> +<p>Oxford, Feb. 23.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>Master of Methuen—Ruthven and Gowrie +Families.</i>—Colonel Stepney Cowell is desirous of inquiring +who was the Master of Methuen, who fell at the Battle of Pinkey, +and whose name appears in the battle roll as killed?</p> +<p>Was he married, and did he leave a daughter? He is presumed to +have been the son of Lord Methuen by Margaret Tudor, sister of +Henry VIII.</p> +<p>Who was the wife of Patrick Ruthven, youngest son of William, +first Earl of Gowrie, and where was he married? Any notices of the +Gowrie and Ruthven family will be acceptable.</p> +<p>Brooke's Club, St. James's Street, Feb. 18. 1850.</p> +<p>"<i>The Female Captive: a Narrative of Facts which happened in +Barbary in the Year 1756. Written by herself."</i> 2 vols. 12 mo. +Lond. 1769.—Sir William Musgrave has written this note in the +copy which is now in the library of the British Museum:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"This is a true story. The lady's maiden name was Marsh. She +married Mr. Crisp, as related in the narrative; but he, having +failed in business, went to India, when she remained with her +father, then Agent Victualler, at Chatham, during which she wrote +and published these little volumes. On her husband's success in +India, she went thither to him.</p> +<p>"The book, having, as it is said, been bought up by the lady's +friends, is become very scarce."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Can any of your readers furnish a further account of this +lady?</p> +<p><i>Parliamentary Writs.</i>—It is stated in Duncumb's +<i>History of Herefordshire</i>, 1. 154. that "the writs, +indentures, and returns, from 17 Edw. IV. to 1 Edw. VI., are all +lost throughout England, except one imperfect bundle, 33rd Hen. +VIII." This book was published in 1803. Have the researches since +that time in the Record Offices supplied this hiatus; and if so, in +which department of it are these documents to be found?</p> +<p class="author">W.H.C.</p> +<p>Temple.</p> +<p><i>Portraits in the British Museum.</i>—I have often +wished to inquire, but knew not where till your publication met my +notice, as to the portraits in the British Museum, which are at +present hung so high above beasts and birds, and everything else, +that it requires better eyes than most people possess to discern +their features. I should suppose <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page306" id="page306"></a>{306}</span> that if they were not +originals and of value, they would not have been lodged in the +Museum, and if they are, why not appropriate a room to them, where +they might be seen to advantage, by those who take pleasure in such +representations of the celebrated persons of former days? Any +information on this subject will be gratefully received.</p> +<p class="author">L.O.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>REPLIES.</h2> +<h3>COLLEGE SALTING.</h3> +<p>In reply to the query of the Rev. Dr. Maitland (No. 17. p. +261.), I would remark, that <i>Salting</i> was the ceremony of +initiating a freshman into the company of senior students or +sophisters. This appears very clearly from a passage in the <i>Life +of Anthony a Wood</i> (ed. 1771, pp. 45-50.). Anthony a Wood was +matriculated in the University of Oxford, 26th May, 1647, and on +the 18th of October "he was entered into the Buttery-Book of Merton +College." At various periods, from All Saints till Candlemas, +"there were Fires of Charcole made in the Common hall."</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"At all these Fires every Night, which began to be made a little +after five of the clock, the Senior Under-Graduats would bring into +the hall the Juniors or Freshmen between that time and six of the +clock, and there make them sit down on a Forme in the middle of the +Hall, joyning to the Declaiming Desk: which done, every one in +Order was to speake some pretty Apothegme, or make a Jest or Bull, +or speake some eloquent Nonsense, to make the Company laugh: But if +any of the Freshmen came off dull or not cleverly, some of the +forward or pragmatical Seniors would <i>Tuck</i> them, that is, set +the nail of their Thumb to their chin, just under the Lipp, and by +the help of their other Fingers under the Chin, they would give him +a chuck, which sometimes would produce Blood. On Candlemas day, or +before (according as Shrove Tuesday fell out), every Freshman had +warning given him to provide his Speech, to be spoken in the +publick Hall before the Under-Graduats and Servants on +Shrove-Tuesday night that followed, being alwaies the time for the +observation of that Ceremony. According to the said Summons A. Wood +provided a Speech as the other Freshmen did.</p> +<p>"Shrove Tuesday Feb. 15, the Fire being made in the Common hall +before 5 of the Clock at night, the Fellowes would go to Supper +before six, and making an end sooner than at other times, they left +the Hall to the Libertie of the Undergraduats, but with an +Admonition from one of the Fellowes (who was the Principall of the +Undergraduats and Postmasters) that all things should be carried in +good Order. While they were at Supper in the Hall, the Cook (Will. +Noble) was making the lesser of the brass pots full of Cawdle at +the Freshmens Charge; which, after the Hall was free from the +Fellows, was brought up and set before the Fire in the said Hall. +Afterwards every Freshman, according to seniority, was to pluck off +his Gowne and Band, and if possible to make himself look like a +Scoundrell. This done, they were conducted each after the other to +the high Table, and there made to stand on a Forme placed thereon; +from whence they were to speak their Speech with an audible voice +to the Company: which, if well done, the person that spoke it was +to have a Cup of Cawdle and no <i>salted Drinke</i>; if +indifferently, some Cawdle and some <i>salted Drinke</i>; but if +dull, nothing was given to him but <i>salted Drinke</i> or +<i>salt</i> put in College Bere, with Tucks to book. Afterwards +when they were to be admitted into the Fraternity, the Senior Cook +was to administer to them an Oath over an old Shoe, part of which +runs thus: <i>Item tu jurabis, quot penniless bench non visitabis, +&c.</i>: the rest is forgotten, and none there are that now +remembers it. After which spoken with gravity, the Freshman kist +the Shoe, put on his Gowne and Band, and took his place among the +Seniors."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Mr. Wood gives part of his speech, which is ridiculous enough. +It appears that it was so satisfactory that he had cawdle and sack +without and salted drink. He concludes thus:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"This was the way and custome that had been used in the College, +time out of mind, to initiate the Freshmen; but between that time +and the restoration of K. Ch. 2. it was disused, and now such a +thing is absolutely forgotten."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The editors in a note intimate that it was probable the custom +was not peculiar to Merton College, and that it was perhaps once +general, as striking traces of it might be found in many societies +in Oxford, and in some a very near resemblance of it had been kept +up until within a few years of that time (1772).</p> +<p class="author">C.H. COOPER.</p> +<p>Cambridge, Feb. 23. 1850.</p> +<p>"E.V.," after quoting the passage given by Mr. Cooper from +Anthony Wood, proceeds:—</p> +<p>It is clear from Owen's epigram that there was some kind of +<i>salting</i> at Oxford as well as at Cambridge; is it not at +least probable that they were both identical with the custom +described by old Anthony, and that the charge made in the college +book was for <i>the cawdle</i> mentioned above, as provided at the +freshman's expense; the whole ceremony going under the name of +"salting," from the salt and water potion, which was the most +important constituent of it? If this be so, it agrees with Dr. +Maitland's idea, that "this 'salting' was some entertainment given +by the newcomer, from and after which he ceases to be fresh;" or, +as Wood expresses it, "he took his place among the seniors."</p> +<p>The "tucks" he speaks of could have been no very agreeable +addition to the salted beer; for, as he himself explains it, a few +lines above, "to tuck" consisted in "setting the nail of the thumb +to their chin, just under the lip, and by the help of their other +fingers under the chin, they would give him a mark, which sometimes +would produce blood."</p> +<p>Before I leave Anthony Wood, let me mention <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page307" id="page307"></a>{307}</span> that I +find him making use of the word "bull" in the sense of a laughable +speech ("to make a jest, or <i>bull</i>, or speake some eloquent +nonsense," p. 34.), and of the now vulgar expression "to go to +pot." When recounting the particulars of the parliamentary +visitation of the University in 1648, he tells us, that had it not +been for the intercession of his mother to Sir Nathan Brent, "he +had infallible <i>gone to the pot</i>." If Dr. Maitland or any of +your readers can give the history of these expressions, and can +produce earlier instances of their use, they would greatly oblige +me.</p> +<p>P.S. I ought to mention, that "Penniless Bench" was a seat for +loungers, under a wooden canopy, at the east end of old Carfax +Church: it seems to have been notorious as "the idle corner" of +Oxford.</p> +<p class="author">E.V.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>QUERIES ANSWERED, NO. 5.</h3> +<p>A comparative statement of the number of those who ask +questions, and those who furnish replies, would be a novel +contribution to the statistics of literature. I do note mean to +undertake it, but shall so far assume an excess on the side of the +former class, as to attempt a triad of replies to recent queries +without fear of the censures which attach to monopoly.</p> +<p>To facilitate reference to the queries, I take them in the order +of publication:—</p> +<p>1. "What is the earliest known instance of the use of a +<i>beaver hat</i> in England?"—T. Hudson Turner, p. 100.</p> +<p>The following instance from Chaucer (<i>Canterbury tales</i>, +1775, 8°. v. 272.), if not the earliest, is precise and +instructive:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"A marchant was ther with a forked berd,</p> +<p>In mottelee, and highe on hors he sat,</p> +<p>And on his hed a Flaundrish <i>bever hat</i>."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>2. "Has <i>Cosmopoli</i> been ever appropriated to any known +locality?"—John Jebb, p. 213.</p> +<p>Cosmopolis has been used for London, and for Paris (G. Peignot, +<i>Répertoire de bibliographies spéciales</i>, Paris, +1810. 8°. pp. 116, 132.) It may also, in accordance with its +etymology, be used for Amsterdam, or Berlin, or Calcutta, etc. As +an imprint, it takes the dative case. The <i>Interpretationes +paradoxæ quatuor evangeliorum</i> of Sandius, were printed at +Amsterdam. (M. Weiss, <i>Biographie universelle</i>, Paris, 1811 +28. 8°. xl. 312.)</p> +<p>3. References to "any works or treatises supplying information +on the history of the Arabic numerals" are requested by "E.N." p. +230.</p> +<p>To the well chosen works enumberated by the querist, I shall add +the titles of two valuable publications in my own collection:</p> +<p>DICTIONNAIRE RAISONNÉ DE DIPLOMATIQUE—par dom de +Vaines. <i>Paris</i>, 1774. 8°. 2 vol.</p> +<p>ELÉMENTS DE PALÉOGRAPHIE, par M. Natalis de +Wailly. <i>Paris</i>, Imprimerie royale, 1838. 4°. 2 vol.</p> +<p>The former work is a convenient epitome of the <i>Nouveau +traité de diplomatique</i>. The latter is a new compilation, +undertaken with the sanction of M. Guizot. Its appearance was thus +hailed by the learned Daunou: "Cet ouvrage nous semble +recommandable par l'exactitude des recherches, par la distribution +méthodique des matières et par +l'élégante précision du style." (<i>Journal +des savants</i>, Paris, 1838. 4°. p. 328.)</p> +<p>A query should always be worded with care, and put in a +<i>quotable</i> shape. The observance of this plain rule would +economise space, save the time which might otherwise be occupied in +useless research, and tend to produce more pertinency of reply. The +first and second of the above queries may serve as models.</p> +<p class="author">Bolton Corney.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>Old Auster Tenement</i> (No. 14. p. 217.).—I think that +I am in a condition to throw some light on the meaning of this +expression, noticed in a former Number by "W.P.P." The tenements +held in villenage of the lord of a manor, at least where they +consisted of a messuage or dwelling-house, are often called +<i>astra</i> in our older books and court-rolls. If the tenement +was an ancient one, it was <i>vetus</i> or <i>antiquum astrum</i>; +if a tenure of recent creation (or a new-take, as it is called in +some manors), it was <i>novum astrum</i>. The villenage tenant of +it was an <i>astrarius</i>. "W.P.P." may satisfy himself of these +facts by referring to the printed <i>Plautorum Abbrevietis</i>, fo. +282.; to Fleta, <i>Comment. Juris. Anglicani</i>, ed. 1685, p. +217.; and to Ducange, Spelman, and Cowel, under the words "Astrum," +"Astrarius," and "Astre." In the very locality to which "W.P.P." +refers, he will find that the word "Auster" is "Astrum" in the +oldest court-rolls, and that the term is not confined to North +Curry, but is very prevalent in the eastern half of Somerset. At +the present day, an <i>auster</i> tenement is a species of +copyhold, with all the incidents to that tenure. It is noticed in +the Journal of the Archæological Institute, in a recent +critique on Dr. Evans's Leicestershire words, and is very familar +to legal practitioners of any experience in the district alluded +to.</p> +<p class="author">E. Smirke.</p> +<p><i>Tureen</i> (No. 16. p. 246.).—There is properly no such +word. It is a corruption of the French <i>terrine</i>, an earthen +vessel in which soup is served. It is in Bailey's Dictionary. I +take this opportunity of suggesting whether that the word +"<i>swinging</i>," applied by Goldsmith to his tureen, should be +rather spelt <i>swingeing</i>; though the former is the more usual +way: a <i>swinging</i> dish and a <i>swingeing</i> are different +things, and Goldsmith meant the latter.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page308" id= +"page308"></a>{308}</span> +<p><i>Burning the Dead.</i>—"T." will find some information +on this subject in Sir Thomas Browne's <i>Hydriotaphia</i>, chap. +i., which appears to favour his view except in the following +extract:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The same practice extended also far west, and besides +Heruleans, Getes and Thracians, was in use with most of the +Celtæ, Sarmatians, Germans, Gauls, Danes, Swedes, Norwegians; +not to omit some use thereof among <i>Carthaginians</i>, and +<i>Americans</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The Carthaginians most probably received the custom from their +ancestors the Phoenicians, but where did the Americans get it?</p> +<p class="author">Henry St. Chad.</p> +<p>Corpus Christi Hall, Maidstone, Feb. 8. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Burning the Dead.</i>—Your correspondent "T." (No. 14. +p. 216.) can hardly have overlooked the case of Dido, in his +inquiry "whether the practice of burning the dead has ever been in +vogue amongst any people, excepting the inhabitants of Europe and +Asia?" According to all classical authorities, Dido was founder and +queen of Carthage in <i>Africa</i>, and was burned at Carthage on a +funeral pile.</p> +<p>If it be said that Dido's corpse underwent burning in conformity +with the custom of her native country Tyre, and not because it +obtained in the land of her adoption, then the question arises, +whether burning the dead was not one of the customs which the +Tyrian colony of Dido imported into Africa, and became permanently +established at Carthage. It is very certain that the Carthaginians +had human sacrifices by fire, and that they burned their children +in the furnace to Saturn.</p> +<p class="author">A.G.</p> +<p>Ecclesfield, Feb. 8. 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MISCELLANIES.</h2> +<p><i>M. de Gournay.</i>—The author of the axioms <i>Laissez +faire, laissez passer</i>, which are the sum and substance of the +free trade principles of political economy, and perhaps the +pithiest and completest exposition of the doctrine of a particular +school ever made, was Jean Claude Marie Vincent de Gournay, who was +born at St. Malo in 1712, and died at Paris in 1759. In early life +he was engaged in trade, and subsequently became Honorary +Councillor of the Grand Council, and Honorary Intendant of +Commerce. He translated, in 1742, Josiah Child's <i>Considerations +on Commerce and on the Interest on Money</i>, and Culpepper's +treatise <i>Against Usury</i>. He also wrote a good deal on +questions of political economy. He was, in fact, with Dr. Quesnay, +the chief of the French economists of the last century; but he was +more liberal than Quesnay in his doctrines; indeed he is (far more +than Adam Smith) the virtual founder of the modern school of +political economy; and yet, perhaps, of all the economists he is +the least known!</p> +<p>The great Turgot was a friend and ardent admirer of M. de +Gournay; and on his death wrote a pompous <i>Eloge</i> on him.</p> +<p class="author">A Man in a Garret.</p> +<p><i>Cupid Crying.</i>—"Our readers will remember that some +time since (<i>antè</i>, p. 108.) we copied into our +columns, from the 'Notes and Queries,' an epigram of great elegance +on the subject of 'Cupid Crying;' the contributor of which was +desirous of finding through that medium, especially established for +such discoveries, the original text and the name of its author. +Subsequently, a correspondent of our own [<i>antè</i>, p. +132.] volunteered a translation by himself, in default of the +original. The correspondent of the 'Notes and Queries' has now +stumbled on what he sought, and is desirous that we should transmit +it to the author of the volunteer version, with his thanks. This we +take the present means of doing. Under the signature of 'Rufus,' he +writes as follows:—'In a MS. book, long missing, I find the +following copy, with a reference to <i>Car. Illust. Poet. Ital.</i> +vol. i. 229, wherein it is ascribed to Antonio Tebaldeo—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"<i>De Cupidine.</i></p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Cur natum cædit Venus? Arcum perdidit. Arcum</p> +<p class="i2">Nunc quis habet? Tusco Flavia nata solo.</p> +<p>Qui factum? Petit hæc, dedit hic; nam lumine +formæ</p> +<p class="i2">Deceptus, matri se dare crediderat."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>"Since printing this communication from 'Rufus' we have received +the same original (with the variation of a single +word—<i>quid</i> for <i>cur</i> in the opening of the +epigram) from a German correspondent at Augsburgh. 'You will find +it,' he says, 'in the <i>Anthologia Latina Burmanniana</i>, iii. +236, or in the new edition of this <i>Latin Anthology</i>, by Henry +Meyer, Lipsiæ, 1835, tom. ii. page 139, No. 1566. The author +of the epigram is doubtful, but the diction appears rather too +quaint for a good ancient writer. Maffei ascribes it to Brenzoni, +who lived in the sixteenth century; others give it to Ant. +Tebaldeo, of Ferrara.' Our readers will perceive that the +translator has taken some liberties with his text. 'Lumine +formæ deceptus,' for instance, is not translated by 'she +smiled.' But it may be questioned if the suggestion is not even +more delicate and graceful in the translator's version than in the +original."—<i>The Athenæum</i>.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>THE MIRROR.</h3> +<p>(<i>From the Latin of Owen.</i>)</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Bella, your image just returns your smile—</p> +<p class="i2">You weep, and tears its lovely cheek bedew—</p> +<p>You sleep, and its bright eyes are closed the while—</p> +<p class="i2">You rise, the faithful mimic rises too.—</p> +<p>Bella, what art such likeness could increase</p> +<p>If glass could talk, or woman hold her peace?</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">Rufus.</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page309" id= +"page309"></a>{309}</span> +<p><i>Journeyman.</i>—Three or four years since, a paragraph +went the round of the press, deriving the English word "journeyman" +from the custom of travelling among work-men in Germany. This +derivation is very doubtful. Is it not a relic of Norman rule, from +the French <i>journée</i>, signifying a day-man? In support +of this it may be observed, that the German name for the word in +question if <i>Tagelöhner</i>, or day-worker. It is also well +known, that down to a comparatively recent period, artisans and +free labourers were paid daily.</p> +<p class="author">Gomer.</p> +<p><i>Balloons.</i>—In one of your early numbers you mention +the <i>History of Ringwood</i>, &c. Many years since I sent to +a periodical (I cannot recollect which) a circumstance connected +with that town, which I never heard or read of anywhere, and which, +as it is rather of importance, I forward to you in hopes that some +of your correspondents may be able to throw some light upon it. +When my father was in the Artillery Ground at the ascension of +Lunardi's balloon, he remarked to several persons present, "This is +no novelty to <i>me</i>; I remember well, when I was at school in +Ringwood [about the year 1757], an apothecary in that town that +used to let off <i>balloons</i> (he had no other name, I suppose, +to give them) on a smaller scale, but exactly corresponding with +what he then saw, <i>many</i> a time."</p> +<p>I had several letters addressed to me, requesting further +explanation, which, as my father was dead, I was unable to give. It +is highly improbable that any persons now living may have it in +their power to corroborate the fact, but some of their relations or +descendants may. I suppose they must have been +<i>fire-balloons</i>, and these of the rudest construction; and my +father, being a boy at the time, would have given perhaps little +valuable information, except as to the name of the apothecary, +which, however, I never heard him mention.</p> +<p class="author">B.G.</p> +<p>Feb. 6. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> +<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h4> +<p>(<i>In continuation of Lists in former Nos.</i>)</p> +<p><i>Odd Volumes and Plates.</i></p> +<p>Engravings From Cotman's Norfolk Brasses.<br /> +Sir John Curson. 1471. Belaugh.<br /> +Lady Joan Plays. 1385. Ingham.<br /> +Lady Ela Stapleton. 1425. Ingham.<br /> +Southey's History of the Peninsular War. 8vo. Vol. III<br /> +London Magazine. 1762 and 1769.<br /> +Cuvier's Animal Kingdom. By Griffith. 1830. Part XXIV.<br /> +Chaucer's Poetical Works. Edinburgh. 1782. 12mo. (BELL'S<br /> +POETS.) Vol XIV.<br /> +Anti-Jacobin Review. Vols LI. and LII.<br /> +Du Cange Glossarium. (Sig. Oij, Oiij, or pages 213-220.,<br /> +LIG-LIM, in Vl. IV.)</p> +<p>Letters stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," +186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> +<p><i>Although we have enlarged the present Number to 24 pages +instead of 16, and omitted our usual</i> "Notes on Books, &c." +<i>we are compelled to omit as many</i> "Notes, Queries, <i>and</i> +Replies" <i>as would occupy at least 24 pages more. Under these +circumstances we have first to ask the indulgence of our +Correspondents for such omissions, and secondly, to request them to +condense their future communications in to as brief a space as the +nature of them will conveniently admit.</i></p> +<p>Notes and Queries <i>may be procured of any Bookseller or +Newsman if previously ordered. Gentlemen residing in the country +who may find a difficulty in procuring it through any bookseller in +the neighbourhood, may be supplied regularly with the</i> stamped +<i>edition, by giving their orders direct to the publisher</i>, Mr. +George Bell, 186. Fleet Street, <i>accompanied by a Post Office +order for a quarter (4s. 4d.); a half year (8s. 8d.), or one year +(17s. 4d.).</i></p> +<p>Notes and Queries <i>may also be procured in Monthly Parts at +the end of each month. 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One object of the present work is +to furnish new contributions to the History of our National +Folk-Lore; and especially some of the more striking Illustrations +of the subject to be found in the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other +Continental Antiquaries.</p> +<p>Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable +Customs and Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are +earnestly solicited, and will be thankfully acknowledged by the +Editor. They may be addressed to the care of Mr. Bell, Office of +"NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Vols. I and II. 8vo., price 28<i>s.</i> cloth.</p> +<p>THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND; from the TIME of the CONQUEST. By EDWARD +FOSS, F.S.A.</p> +<p>"A work in which a subject of great historical importance is +treated with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in +which Mr. Foss has brought to light many points previously unknown, +corrected many errors, and shown such ample knowledge of his +subject as to conduct it successfully through all the intricacies +of a difficult investigation, and such taste and judgment as will +enable him to quit, when occasion requires, the dry details of a +professional inquiry, and to impart to his work, as he proceeds, +the grace and dignity of a philosophical history."—<i>Gent. +Mag.</i></p> +<p>LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN AND LONGMANS.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Next week, 1 vol. 8vo., with etched Frontispiece, by Wehnert, +and Eight Engravings, price 15<i>s.</i></p> +<p>SABRINÆ COROLLA: a Volume of Classical Translations with +original Compositions contributed by Gentlemen educated at +Shrewsbury School.</p> +<p>Among the Contributors are the Head Masters of Shrewsbury, +Stamford, Repton, Uppingham, and Birmingham Schools; Andrew Lawson, +Esq., late M.P.; the Rev. R. Shilleto, Cambridge; the Rev. T.S. +Evans, Rugby; J. Riddell, Esq., Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford; +the Rev. E.M. Cope, H.J. Hodgson, Esq., H.A.J. Munro, Esq., W.G. +Clark, Esq., Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge, and many other +distinguished Scholars from both Universities.</p> +<p>The Work is edited by three of the principal Contributors.</p> +<p>Folio, price 30<i>s.</i></p> +<p>THE CHORAL RESPONSES AND LITANIES OF THE UNITED CHURCH OF +ENGLAND AND IRELAND. Collected from Authentic Sources. By the REV. +JOHN HEBB, A.M., Rector of Peterstow.</p> +<p>The present Work contains a full collection of the harmonized +compositions of ancient date, including nine sets of pieces and +responses, and fifteen litanies, with a few of the more ancient +Psalm Chants. They are given in full score, and in their proper +cliffs. In the upper part, however, the treble is substituted for +the "cantus" or "medius" cliff: and the whole work is so arranged +as to suit the library of the musical student, and to be fit for +use in the Choir.</p> +<p>MEMOIRS OF MUSICK. By the Hon. ROGER NORTH, Attorney-General to +James I. Now first printed from the original MS. and edited with +copious Notes, by EDWARD F. RIMBAULT, LL.D., F.S.A., &c. +&c. Quarto; with a Portrait; handsomely printed in 4to.; +half-bound in morocco, 15<i>s.</i></p> +<p>This interesting MS., so frequently alluded to by Dr. Burney in +the course of his "History of Music," has been kindly placed at the +disposal of the Council of the Musical Antiquarian Society, by +George Townshend Smith, Esq., Organist of Hereford Cathedral. But +the Council, not feeling authorised to commence a series of +literary publications, yet impressed with the value of the work, +have suggested its independent publication to their Secretary, Dr. +Rimbault, under whose editorial care it accordingly appears.</p> +<p>It abounds with interesting Musical Anecdotes; the Greek Fables +respecting the origin of Music; the rise and progress of Musical +Instruments; the early Musical Drama; the origin of our present +fashionable Concerts; the first performance of the Beggar's Opera, +&c.</p> +<p>A limited number having been printed, few copies remain for +sale: unsold copies will shortly be raised in price to 1<i>l.</i> +11<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page311" id= +"page311"></a>{311}</span> +<p>No. III., for March 1850, of JOHN MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, +OLD AND NEW, On sale at 43. 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Croker, 10 vols. +fcap. 8vo. cloth, 50 plates, 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i> 1835.</p> +<p>BROOKES' (RALPH, York Herald) CATALOGUE of the Succession of the +Kings, Princes, Dukes, Earls, &c. of this Realm, since the +Norman Conquest. Folio, calf, neat, numerous Engravings of Arms; a +good clean copy. 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 1619.</p> +<p>BROWN (TOM) THE WORKS OF, Serious and Comical, in Prose and +Verse, with his Remains, the Life and Character of Mr. Brown, by +Dr. J. Drake and a Key to the Whole, 4 vols, small 8vo. calf, neat, +plates, a good, clean copy. 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 1720.</p> +<p>BRUNET, MANUEL DU LIBRAIRE ET DE L'AMATEUR DES LIVRES. 4 vols. +8vo., half calf, very neat, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Paris, 1814.</p> +<p>BUCHANAN'S (WM.) HISTORICAL AND GENEALOGICAL ESSAY UPON THE +FAMILY AND SURNAME OF BUCHANAN, with a Brief Inquiry into the +Genealogy and Present State of Ancient Scottish Surnames, and more +particularly of the Highland Clans. Small 4to., front., calf, neat, +scarce. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Glasgow, 1723.</p> +<p>BUCKINGHAM'S ORIENTAL HERALD AND COLONIAL REVIEW, comprising a +Mass of Valuable Writings on the Colonies and their Government. +Complete in 23 vols. 8vo. Half calf, very neat, 1<i>l.</i>, +10<i>s.</i> 1824-1829.</p> +<p>BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.—BRYANT'S MAP OF THE COUNTY OF +BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, elegantly Coloured and Mounted, and enclosed in a +4to. case; handsomely bound in russia, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> +1824.</p> +<p>BUCKLAND'S RELIQULÆ DILUVIANÆ; or Observations on +the Organic Remains contained in Caves, Fissures, and Diluvial +Gravel, and of other Geological Phenomena, 4to., fine plates, some +coloured, scarce, 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i> 1824.</p> +<p>BUCKLER'S ENDOWED GRAMMAR SCHOOLS, from Original Drawings with +Letterpress Descriptions. 4to., half bound morocco, edges uncut, 60 +fine plates, proofs on India paper. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> +1827.</p> +<p>BURKE'S (J.R.) BEAUTIES OF THE COURT OF GEORGE IV. AND WILLIAM +IV., being the Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Females, with +Memoirs. Imp. 8vo., 36 fine plates. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> +1831.</p> +<p>BURTON'S (T.) CROMWELLIAN DIARY, from 1656 to 1659, published +from the Manuscript, with an Introduction, containing an Account of +the Parliament of 1654, edited and illustrated with Notes. By J.T. +Rutt. 4 vols. 8vo., front., neatly bound in half calf, gilt. +16<i>s.</i> 1828.</p> +<p>BYRON'S (LORD) LETTERS AND JOURNALS, with Notices of his Life, +by Thomas Moore, 3 vols. 8vo., illustrated with 44 Engravings by +the Findens, from Designs by Turner, Stanfield, &c., elegantly +half bound morocco, marbled edges, in the best style, by Hayday, +1<i>l.</i> 8<i>s.</i> 1833.</p> +<p>CARTER'S (MATT.) HONOR REDIVIVUS, or the Analysis of Honor and +Armory, reprinted with many Useful and Necessary Additions. Small +8vo., best edition, elegantly bound in russia, extra, marble edges, +fine front., and engraved title, with numerous other engravings, a +very choice copy, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 1673.</p> +<p>CICERONIS OPERA OMNIA QUÆ EXTANT IN LECTIONES A LAMBINI. 4 +vols., in 2., thick folio; calf, very neat. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> +Coloniæ, 1616.</p> +<p>CICERO'S WORKS, consisting of his Letters to his Familiars and +Friends by Melmoth. Two Last Pleadings Against Verres, by Kelsal, +Epistles to Atticus, Essay on Old Age, Essay on Friendship, with +Middleton's Life of Cicero. 3 thick vols. royal 8vo., half calf, +new, and very neat. 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 1816.</p> +<p>CLARENDON'S (EDWARD EARL OF) HISTORY OF THE REBELLION AND CIVIL +WARS IN ENGLAND, begun in the year 1641, 3 vols. folio, calf, very +neat, port, 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i> Oxford, 1702.</p> +<p>COPPER-PLATE MAGAZINE.—A Monthly Treasure for the Admirers +of the Imitative Arts, 4to., half bound, uncut, embellished with +125 fine portraits of Eminent English Authors, and celebrated Views +of Scenes from Ancient and Modern History, and Men, Antiquities, +Public Buildings, and Gentlemen's Seats. 18<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> +1778.</p> +<p>DE REAL (M.) LA SCIENCE DU GOUVERNEMENT, Ouvrage de Morale, de +Droit, et de Politique, qui contient les principes du commandment +et de l'obéissance. 8 vols. 4to. French calf, gilt., +15<i>s.</i> Aix-la-Chapelle.</p> +<p>DISSERTATION SUR LES STATUES Appartenantes à la Fable de +Nôbe. Imp. 4to. 18 fine Plates. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> +Florence, 1779.</p> +<p>DOW'S HISTORY OF HINDOSTAN, from the Earliest Times to the Death +of Akbar, translated from the Persian of Mahommed Casim Perishta, +of Delhi, with a Dissertation on the Brahmins. 3 vols, 4to. Map and +Plates. Calf, gilt, very neat. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 1770-72.</p> +<p>DUBOIS (J.P.L.), VIES DES GOUVERNEURS GENERAUX, avec +L'Abrège de L'Histoire des Establissements Hollandois, aux +Indes Orientales. 4to. Calf, neat, illustrated with nearly 30 +Vignette Portraits of Governors of Batavia, and 34 maps and Plans, +finely executed; a very scarce Work. 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> La +Laye, 1763.</p> +<p>DUNLOP'S (J.) HISTORY OF FICTION, being a Critical Account of +the most Celebrated Prose Works of Fiction, from the Earliest Greek +Romances to the Novels of the Present Day. 3 vols. crown 8vo. Calf, +gilt, marble edges. 15<i>s.</i> 1815.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page312" id= +"page312"></a>{312}</span> +<p>EDEN'S (THE HONORABLE MISS) PORTRAITS OF THE PRINCES AND PEOPLE +OF INDIA. Drawn on Stone by L. Dickenson, Folio. Half-bound +morocco. 24 fine Engravings. 1<i>l.</i> 5<i>s.</i></p> +<p>FOY'S GENERAL HISTORY OF THE WARS IN THE PENINSULA UNDER +NAPOLEON, to which is prefixed a View of the Political and Military +State of the four Belligerent Powers. Published by the Countess +Foy. 2 vols. 8vo., half calf, extra, marble edges, fine portrait, +10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 1827.</p> +<p>FREEMASONS' (THE) QUARTERLY REVIEW, from its commencement in +1834, to the Year 1847, inclusive. 14 vols. 8vo. Newly and +elegantly half bound, purple calf, backs emblematically tooled, +only 3<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> 1834-47.</p> +<p>GALLERY OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN PORTRAITS, with Memoirs by +various distinguished Writers. 7 vols. imp. 8vo., cloth, uncut, top +edges gilt. 168 fine Portraits. An early copy. 3<i>l.</i> +13<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Knight, 1833-7.</p> +<p>GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.—The Journal of the Royal +Geographical Society, from its Commencement in 1833 to 1843. 12 +vols. 8vo. Half calf, gilt, maps, charts, and plans. 3<i>l.</i> +3<i>s.</i> 1833-43.</p> +<p>HALL'S (Mrs. S.C.) MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S EVE, a Fairy Tale of Love. +8vo., bound in richly gilt cloth, elegantly printed, and +illustrated by numerous very beautiful engravings, from designs by +Maclise, Stanfield, Chreswich, Ward, Frost, Paton, Topham, Kenny +Meadows, Fairbolt, Franklin, and other celebrated artists. +14<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i> 1848.</p> +<p>HARLEIAN (THE) COLLECTION OF VOYAGES AND TRAVELS, consisting of +Authentic English Writers which have not been collected before. 2 +vols. folio. Many Plates. Calf, very neat. 18<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> +1745.</p> +<p>HISTOIRE GENEALOGIQUE DE LA MAISON DE BEAUVAU JUSTIFIEE PAR +TILTRES HISTOIRES ET AUTRES BONNES PREUVES, PAR SCEVOLE ET LOUYS DE +SAINCTE MARKE. Folio, calf, neat. Engravings of arms, and a long +MS. note by Sir Egerton Brydges. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>s.</i> Paris, +1626.</p> +<p>LA LANDE (M. DE) DES CANEUX DE NAVIGATION, et Specialement du +Canal de Languedoc, large folio; numerous plates, half bound, +uncut. 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Paris, 1778.</p> +<p>LOUTHERBOURG'S (J. DE) ROMANTIC AND PICTURESQUE SCENERY OF +ENGLAND AND WALES, with Historical and Descriptive Accounts in +French and English of the several Places of which Views are given. +Large folio. 18 Engravings, beautifully coloured in imitation of +Water Colour drawings. 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i> 1805.</p> +<p>MACKINTOSH (SIR JAMES) MEMOIRS OF THE LIFE OF. Edited by Robert +James Mackintosh, Esq. 2 vols. 8vo.; fine port., calf, gilt, very +neat. 16<i>s.</i> 1836.</p> +<p>MARKHAM'S (F.) BOOK OF HONOUR, or Five Decades of Epistles of +Honour. Folio; half calf, very neat, and curious. 10<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i> 1625.</p> +<p>MILLE'S (T.) NOBILITAS POLITICA VEL CIVILIS PERSONAS SCILICET +DISTINGUENDI ET AB ORIGINE INTER GENTES EX PRINCIPUM GRATIA +NOBILITANDI FORMA. Folio, half calf, neat, fine plates by Hollar. +12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 1608.</p> +<p>MORGAN'S (SYLVANUS) ARMILOGIA SIVE ARS CHROMOCRITICA—The +Language of Arms by the Colours and Metals. Small 4to. Numerous +plates of arms. Calf, neat. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 1666.</p> +<p>NICOLAS' (SIR N. HARRIS) HISTORY OF THE BATTLE OF AGINCOURT, AND +OF THE EXPEDITION OF HENRY THE FIFTH INTO FRANCE, to which is added +the Roll of the Men at Arms in the English Army. 8vo.; first +edition, scarce; coloured Frontispiece of Banners borne at the +Battle of Agincourt. 15<i>s.</i> 1827.</p> +<p>NICOLAS' (SIR N. HARRIS) TESTMENTA VETUSTA, being Illustrations +from Wills of Ancient Manners, Customs, Dresses, &c., from the +Reign of Henry the Second to the Accession of Queen Elizabeth. 2 +vols. royal 8vo., front, &c. 15<i>s.</i> 1826.</p> +<p>NISBET'S ESSAY ON THE ANCIENT AND MODERN USE OF ARMORIES, +showing their Origin, the Method of Composing them, with an Index +explaining Terms of Blazon. Small 4to., calf, neat, plates. +10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 1718.</p> +<p>NOTTINGHAM:—DICKINSON'S (W.) Antiquities, Historical, +Architectural, Chorographical and Itinerary in Nottinghamshire and +the adjacent Counties, containing the History of Southwell. 4to., +half calf, gilt, map, 23 plates, and tables of pedigrees. +12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 1801.</p> +<p>OCKLEY'S (SIMON) HISTORY OF THE SARACENS, illustrating the +Religion, Rites, Customs, and Manner of Living of that Warlike +People. 2 vols. royal 8vo., large and thick paper, old calf, gilt. +12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 1718.</p> +<p>This copy appears to have belonged to the Author's family; a +note states it to be "Mary Ockley's Book."</p> +<p>SHAKESPEARE ALBUM; a Series of One Hundred and Seventy +Illustrations from the Plates to Boydell's Edition of Shakespeare, +as published to the Edition edited by Valpy. Fcap. 8vo., cloth, +gilt, 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; or elegantly bound in morocco, gilt +edges, richly tooled back and sides. 16<i>s.</i> 1834.</p> +<p>But a very small number of copies were printed for sale in this +form.</p> +<p>TAYLOR (WM., of Norwich), MEMOIRS OF THE LIFE AND WRITINGS OF, +containing his correspondence of many Years with R. Southey, Esq. +Edited by J. W. Roberts, Esq. 2 thick vols. 8vo., fine port. +10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 1843.</p> +<p>Valuable material in aid of the literary history of the +nineteenth century.</p> +<p>THIERRY'S (A.) HISTORY OF THE CONQUEST OF ENGLAND BY THE +NORMANS, with its Causes from the Earliest Period, and its +Consequences to the Present Time. 3 vols. 8vo., half calf, very +neat. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 1825.</p> +<p>WALSH (R.) WHITELAW, &c., HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN, +from the Earliest Accounts to the Present Time, its Annals, +Antiquities, Ecclesiastical History, and Charters, with +Biographical Notices of its Eminent Men. 2 vols. 4to. Half-calf, +gilt. Map, and numerous fine Plates. 15<i>s.</i> 1818.</p> +<p>WELLESLEY (RICHARD, MARQUIS OF), MEMOIRS AND CORRESPONDENCE OF, +comprising numerous Letters and Documents now first published from +Original MSS. By R. R. Pearce, Esq. 3 vols. 8vo., half calf, full +gilt, new, and neat, fine portrait. 16<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> +1845.</p> +<p>WHITE'S (GILBERT) NATURAL HISTORY OF SELBORNE, with the +Naturalist's Calendar, and Notes by Capt. Brown. 12mo. Very neatly +bound, calf, extra marble edges, numerous Engravings. 4<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i> 1845.</p> +<p>WILBERFORCE (WILLIAM), THE LIFE AND CORRESPONDENCE OF, edited +and arranged by his Sons, the Rev. R. T. Wilberforce and the Rev. +Sam. Wilberforce. 5 vols. crown 8vo. Portraits, &c. Half calf, +neat, full gilt. 1<i>l.</i> 4<i>s.</i> 1838.</p> +<p>WILLIAM III., LETTERS ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE REIGN OF, from 1696 to +1708, addressed to the Duke of Shrewsbury, by James Vernon, Esq., +Secretary of State, now first published from the Originals, edited +by G.P.R. James, Esq. 3 vols. 8vo. New half calf, full gilt, very +handsome copy, fine portrait. 16<i>s.</i> 1841.</p> +<hr /> +<p>John Miller, 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8. New Street Square, at +No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City +of London; and published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, +in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, +Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, +March 9. 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13638 ***</div> +</body> +</html> |