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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/13544-0.txt b/13544-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6952b99 --- /dev/null +++ b/13544-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1920 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13544 *** + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 18.] SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {273} + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- + +Unpublished Letter of Horace Walpole, by S. Hall. 273 +Lady Arabella Stuard, by R. Cole. 274 +The Name Martel, by W. Robson. 275 + +QUERIES:-- +Query as to Junius, by J. Sudlow, Esq. 275 +New Edition of Dr. Owen's Works. 276 +Minor Queries:--MS. Book of Hours--Bess of Hardwick--Cæsar's + Wife--Minar's Books of Antiquities--Proverb + against Physicians--Compendyous Olde + Treatyse--Topography of Foreign Printing Presses--Cromwell's + Estates--Depinges. 276 + +REPLIES:-- +Origin of Jew's-harp, by E.F. Rimbault, LL.D. 277 +Ælfric's Colloquy, by S.W. Singer. 278 +Reheting and Rehetours. 278 +Arabic Numerals. 279 +Fraternity of Christian Doctrine, Chaucer's Night + Charm, by Rev. D. Rock. 281 +Replies to Minor Queries:--By Hook or by Crook, Pokership, + &c.--Golden Frog--Madoc--Twysden + MSS.--Royal Genealogies--Astle's MSS.--Dr. Hugh + Todd's MSS.--Sir W. Ryder--Scole Inn--Killegrew + Family--Pavoise of the Black Prince--Welsh + Ambassador--Phoenix. by Lactantius--Catsup--Buckingham + Motto--Devices of Anglo-Saxons--Purteninæ--Pandoxare, &c. 281 + +MISCELLANIES:-- +Use of Monosyllables--To endeavour oneself--Evelyn's + Sculptura--William Baxter--Derivation of "Avon"--Warton + and Heinsius, &c. 285 + +NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, &c. +Books and Odd Volumes wanted. 287 +Notices to Correspondents. 287 +Advertisements. 288 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES + +UNPUBLISHED LETTER OF HORACE WALPOLE + +I have the pleasure of inclosing to you (I believe) an unpublished +letter of Horace Walpole's. It was found among the papers of the late +William Parsons, one of the Della Cruscan poets. That it is genuine I +have no doubt. The handwriting is precisely similar to a note sent with +a copy of the _Mysterious Mother_ to Mr. Parsons, in which Horace +Walpole writes, "he is unwilling to part with a copy without protesting +against his own want of judgment in selecting so disgusting a subject; +the absurdity of which he believes makes many faults of which he is +sensible in the execution overlooked." It is also guaranteed by its +date,--"Paris, July 28. 1771." By reference to his correspondence with +Sir H. Mann (vol. ii. p. 163.), we find a letter dated July 6, 1771, in +which he writes, "I am not gone; I do go to-morrow;" and in his _General +Correspondence_, vol. v. p. 303., writing to John Chute, his letter is +dated from Amiens, July 9. 1771, beginning, "I am got no farther yet;" +and he returned to Arlington Street, September 6. 1771, having arrived +at Paris on the 10th of July, and quitted it on the 2nd of September. I +notice the dates, as they indicate the rate of travelling in some degree +at that period. The Query is, to whom was it addressed? There is nothing +on the original to indicate the person. The letter is of no great +importance, except as it shows that Walpole, under certain conditions of +being, was more earnest and sincere than perhaps was in his nature, or +was generally his wont. + +SPENCER HALL. + +Athenæum, Feb. 25. 1850. + +"Paris, July 28. 1771. + +"Dear S'r. + +"I have received no letter from my brother, and consequently have no +answer to make to him. I shall only say that after entering into a +solemn engagement with me, that we should dispose of the places +alternately, I can scarce think him serious, when he tells you he has +made an _entirely_ new arrangement for ALL the places, expects I shoud +concur in it; and after that, is so good as to promise he will dispose +of no more without consulting me. If He is so absolutely master of all, +my concurrence is not necessary, _and I will give none_. If he chuses to +dispose of the places without me, That matter with others _more +important_, must be regulated in another manner,--and it is time they +shoud, when no agreement is kept with me, and I find objections made +which, upon the fullest discussion and after allowance of the force of +my arguments and right, had been given up twenty years ago. + +"With regard to your letter, S'r, some parts of it are, I protest, +totally unintelligible to me. Others, which I think I do understand, +require a much fuller answer than I have time to give now, as the post +goes out to-morrow morning. That answer will contain matter not at all +fit for the Post, and which I am sure you woud not wish shoud be handled +there; for which reason I shall defer it, till I can give my answer at +length into your own hands. It will, I believe, surprize both you and my +brother; and show how unkindly I have been {274} treated after doing +everything to accommodate both. As to the conditions which you say, S'r, +you intend to exact from my brother, you will undoubtedly state them to +him himself; and cannot expect I should meddle with them or be party to +them. Neither you nor he can imagine that I am quite so tame an idiot as +to enter into bonds for persons of _his_ recommendation. If the office +is _his_, he must be answerable for it, and for all the persons he +employs in it. I protest against every thing that is not my own act--a +consequence he perhaps did not foresee, when he chose, contrary to his +agreement with me, to engross the whole disposition. I have always known +clearly what is my own right and on what founded; and have acted +strictly according to my right, and am ready to justify every step of my +conduct. I have sufficiently shown my disposition to peace, and appeal +to you yourself, S'r, and to my brother, whether either can charge me +with the least encroachment beyond my right; and whether I have not +acquiesced in every single step that either has desired of me. Your +letter, S'r, and that you quote of my brother, have shown how necessary +it is for me to take the measure I am determined to take. I would have +done any thing to oblige either you or my brother, but I am not to be +threatened out of my right in any shape. I know when it is proper to +yield and when to take my stand. I refused to accept the place for my +own life when it was offered to me: when I declined _that_, it is not +probable that I would hold the place to the wrong of anybody else; it +will and _must_ be seen who claims any part or prerogatives of the place +unjustly; my honour demands to have this ascertained, and I will add, +that when I scorned a favour, I am not likely to be intimidated by a +menace. + +"I say all this coolly and deliberately, and my actions will be +conformable. I do not forget my obligations to you, dear S'r, or to your +dead brother, whose memory will ever be most dear to me. Unkind +expressions shall not alter the affection I have for you and your +family, nor am I so unreasonable, so unjust, or so absurd as not to +approve your doing every thing you think right for your own interest and +security and for those of your family. What I have to say hereafter will +prove that these not only are but _ever have been_ my sentiments. I +shall then appeal to your own truth whether it is just in you to have +used some expressions in your letter, but as I mean to act with the +utmost circumspection and without a grain of resentment to _anybody_, I +shall say no more till I have had full time to weigh every word I shall +use, and every step I mean to take. In the meantime I am, + +"Dear S'r, + +"Yr obliged humble serv't, + +"HOR. WALPOLE. + +"P.S. My refusal of the patent for my life has shown what value I set +upon it; but _I will_ have justice, especially for my character, which +no consideration upon earth shall prevent my seeking. It must and shall +be known whether I enjoy the place to the wrong of any man living. You +have my free consent, S'r, to show this letter to whom you please; I +have nothing to conceal, and am ready to submit my conduct to the whole +world." + + * * * * * + +LADY ARABELLA STUART. + +As a pendant to Mr. P. Cunningham's "New Facts about Lady Arabella +Stuart" (No. 1. p. 10.). I send you a copy of Bishop James' Account and +Quietus in respect of 300l., placed in his hands "for the expences of +dyett and other chardges of the Ladye Arabella Seymour comytted to his +safe kepinge." The original document is in my possession. + +ROBT. COLE. +Feb. 11, 1850. + + "_The Accompte of the Lorde Byshopp of Durham for cccli, + receaved for the chardge of the Ladye Arbella Seymour._ + + "The Declaration of the Accompte of the Reverende Father in God + Will'm James Lorde Bysshoppe of Duresme for the some of Three + hundreth poundes imprested to him out of the Receipte of the + Kinges ma^ts Exchequer at Westmynster for the expences of dyett + and other chardges of the Ladye Arbella Seymour comytted to his + safe kepinge w^th an inteneon to have caryed into the + Bysshoprycke of Duresme there to have remayned under his chardge + duringe the Kynges ma^ts pleasure, viz^t betweene the xiiij^th + of Marche 1610 in the viij^th year of his highnes raigne and the + last daye of the same moneth as followeth. + + "_Readye money receaved, viz. of_ + + "The Threasorer and vnder threr. of Th'exchequer in Mychas terme + in the viijth yeare of the Kinges ma'ts raigne by t'handes of + Thomas Wattson Esquire one of the Tell'rs for the chardges of + himselfe and his servaunts in his yorney w'th the saide Ladye + Arbella Seymour by pvie Seale dated the xiij of March 1610 and + Lves of the Lordes of the Councell ..._cccli_. whereof + + "_Expences of dyett and other chardges of the Ladye Arabella + Seymour & others attendinge upon her, viz_. + + "_Expences of dyett_ + + "At Highgate for sixe dayes begonne the xvth daye of Marche 1610 + and ended the xxjst of the same moneth on w'ch daye her + Ladyshippe remoued to Barnett. xviij_li._ vs. lijd. + + "At Barnett for xj^en dayes begonne the xxjst of Marche 1610 at + Supper and ended the firste of Aprill 1611 at breakefaste beinge + that daye remoued to Eastbarnett. lxxj_li._ vs. viijd. + + "_Chardges of y^e Stable, viz_. + + "Chardges of the Stable for the xvij dayes aboue-menconed, viz. + at Highgate for vj dayes ix_li._ xvijs. xd. and at Barnett for + xj dayes with vs. for dressinge one of the lytter horses + xxviij_li._ xijs. xjd., in all the some of xxxviij_li._ xs. ixd. + {275} + + "_Lodginge and other necessaries, viz._ + + "Lodginge of some of the retinewe of the Lady Arbella and the + sayde Lorde Bysshoppe, viz. Highgate xxs. and at Barnett viijs., + in all xxviijs. + + "Fyer lightes and other nessces with the lodginge of the saide + Lorde Bysshoppe and some of his servauntes at Highgate and + Barnett during the xvij dayes aforesaide. xj_li._ xjs. + + "Rydinge and postinge chardges, viz. for posthorses from Lambeth + to Highgate xxxiiijs. iiijd. and from thence to Barnett + xxxiiijs. ixd. Mr. Beeston and others for there chardges three + several tymes to Barnett from London and from Highgate xljs. + iiijd. the servauntes of the Lorde Bysshoppe of Durham sent at + several tymes in the Lordes of the Councell and for other + busynesses concerning this servyce xlvs. vjd. and to Sr. James + Crofes Knight for the chardges of himselfe his men and horses + from Monday to Wednesday night attendinge at London for this + service xlijs. vijd., in all ix_li._ xviijs. vjd. + + "Rewardes to sondrye psons, viz. to messengers sent from the + Courte duringe the stay of the Lorde Bysshoppe at Highgate and + Barnett xxxixs. vjd. Dyverse psons whoe tooke paynes at those + twoe places vij_li._ xijs., vjd., given in the Yune for glasses + broken and in rewardes to the meaner servauntes at Barnett + xxxs., given to such an attended about the posthorses vijs. vjd. + and in rewarde to one of the Tellors Clerkes whoe told and + delivered the ccc_li._ and came to Durham House for the + acquittance xxs., in all xij_li._, ixs. vjd. + + "Money payde by the saide Lorde Bysshoppe pte of the ccc_li._ by + him receaved to Nicholas Paye gen. whoe hath for the same yelded + his accompte to the Kinges ma'tie. c_li._.--cclxiij_li._ viijs. + viijd. + + "Aud soe remayneth the some of xxxvj_li._ xjs. iiijd. + + "Whiche some the saide Lorde Bysshoppe of Durham hath payde into + the Kinges m'ts receipte of Th'excheq'r the vij'th daye of + Februarie in the nynth yere of his highnes raigne as by the + tallie thereof remayninge may appeare. And soe here Quyte. + + "EX p FRA GOFTON + + "Auditorem." + + * * * * * + +THE NAME MARTEL. + +I must confess that the article in No. 6. p. 86., which deprived Charles +Martel of his long-possessed distinction of "the hammerer" gave me but +little satisfaction. It was one of those old associations that one does +not like to have destroyed. I could not, however, contradict your +correspondents; and remained that very uncomfortable person, "a man +convinced against his will." On turning over my Ménagiana, yesterday, I +stumbled upon the name "Martel," and, as the passage combines both your +elements (being a good note, and producing a query) I beg leave to offer +it to you. + + "Dans le ll'me siècle les procès se faisaìent aux vassaux par + leurs Pairs, c'est-à -dire, par leurs convassaux, et toute sorte + de procès se font encore présentement en Angleterre à toutes + sortes d'accusés par leurs Pairs, c'est-à -dire, par des + personnes de leur même état et de leur même condition, à la + réserve des Bourreaux et des Bouchers, qui, à cause de leur + cruauté ne sont point juges. _Géoffroi Martel_, Comte d'Anjou, + fit faire ainsi le procès à Guérin de Craon, qu'il avait fait + foi et hommage de la Baronnie de Craon à Conan, duc de Bretange. + Géoffroi fit assembler ses Barons, qui, selon l'ancienne forme + observée en matière féodale, firent le procès à Guérin, son + vassal, et le condamnèrent, quoiqu'il fùt absent.--Et il est à + remarquer à ce propos, que le Pape Innocent III., qui + favourisait Jean _sans-Terre_, parcequ'en 1213 il avait soûmis + son royaume d'Angleterre au Saint Siége au devoir de mille marcs + d'argent par an, ayant allegué aus Ambassadeurs de Philippe + Auguste que Jean _sans-Terre_ avait été condammé absent, et que + les loix défendent de condamner les accusés sans les ouïr; ils + lui réspondirent que l'usage du Royaume de France était de + condamner les absents, aussi bien que les présents, lorqu'ils + avaient été deuëment cités en jugement. Chez les Romains il + n'était par permis de condamner les absents: _Non licet civem + inauditum damnare._" + +Now, Sir, this passage shows "_Martel_," as a name, like that of +"sans-Terre," bestowed for some quality or circumstances attached to the +bearer;--and I should like to ask your correspondents if they know how +this Comte d'Anjou, became entitled to it? He appears, from the date, to +be the same Geoffrey who is the ancestor of our Plantagenets, as the +Comte d'Anjou, contemporary with William the Conqueror, was named Fulk. +If it can be proved that this Count received this addition from his +martial prowess, I shall be strongly tempted to return to my creed +regarding Charles Martel. + +W. ROBSON. + + * * * * * + +QUERIES AS TO JUNIUS. + +Amongst the letters attributed to Junius, and, in the opinion of Dr. +Good, most certainly his production, is one signed "ATTICUS," under date +of the 19th Aug. 1768, which contains an allusion to the private affairs +of the writer, by no means unimportant. It is as follows:-- + + "The greatest part of my property having been invested in the + funds, I could not help paying some attention to rumours or + events by which my fortune might be affected: yet I never lay in + wait to take advantage of a sudden fluctuation, much less would + I make myself a bubble to bulls and bears, or a dupe to the + pernicious arts practised in the Alley. I thought a prudent man, + who had any thing to lose, and really meant to do the best for + himself and his family, ought to consider the state of things at + large, of the prospect before him, and the probability of public + events. _A letter which appeared some days ago in the Public + Advertizer_ revived many serious reflections of this sort in my + mind, because it seemed to be written with candour and judgment. + _The effect of those reflections was, that I did not hesitate to + alter the situation of my property._ + + "I owe my thanks to that writer that I am safely {276} _landed_ + from a troubled ocean of fear and anxiety on which I think I + will venture my fortune and my happiness again," &c. &c. + +There is no reason to question the truth of these sentiments. The letter +is believed to be the first which appeared signed "ATTICUS," and was +written many months before the author became known as Junius, and before +any necessity had arisen for the exercise of that habitual caution which +he afterwards evinced in the mention of any circumstance at all likely +to lead to his detection. Would it not, therefore, be worth while to +ascertain the date of the letter in the _Public Advertizer_ which +influenced him, and then to search the names of the transferrors of +stock between that time and the 19th August? Many of the contributors to +the "Notes and Queries" have influence sufficient to obtain permission +from the proper authority for such a search. It is observable, that as +the amount _transferred_ formed the _greatest part_ of his property, it +would be somewhat considerable, and might not be sold in the aggregate, +but pass in various sums to several purchasers. + +JNO. SUDLOW. +Manchester. + + +_Junius and Sir G. Jackson._--I find no one has answered my question +about Sir George Jackson (No. 11. p. 172.). I will therefore put +another. I possess an unpublished letter by Junius to Woodfall, which +once belonged to Sir George Jackson. My Query is, "Is it likely he could +have obtained it from Junius, if he was neither Junius himself nor a +party concerned?" The manner in which Burke evades the question as to +himself being the author of _Junius_ makes me think two or three were +concerned in these _Letters_. + +P. + + * * * * * + +NEW EDITION OF REV. DR. OWEN'S WORKS. + +I gladly avail myself of the hint thrown out by "R.R." (in No. 17.) to +state that as I am engaged in editing a reprint of the works of the Rev. +Dr. Owen, and as I am exceedingly anxious to ensure accuracy in the +quotations from and references to the Fathers, any suggestions which may +be furnished by those of your learned correspondents who may be +conversant with the works in question, will be very acceptable. I should +wish much to obtain _original editions_ of the leading works, such as +that _On the Person of Christ_; _On the Work of the Spirit_; _On the +Death of Death, in the Death of Christ_. Have any of your correspondents +ever taken the trouble of collating the Greek and Latin quotations with +the authors quoted from, and examined the references made to the Fathers +and other ancient writers? Any communication addressed to the editor of +the works of Owen at Messrs. Johnstone and Hunter, Publishers, +Edinburgh, will be promptly forwarded to me. + +J.G. +Dunnichen, Forfarshire. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_MS. Book of Hours._--In the sale catalogue of the library of John +Bridges, of Lincoln's Inn, February, 1725, is entered Lot 4311:-- + + "Missale quondam Henrici VII., regis Angliæ, ut ex ipsius + autographo in codicis initio patet, pulcherrime illuminatum, et + inconibus fere 80 exornatum. In pergameno, et ornatissime + compact." + +It appears, from Wanley's _Diary_ (MS. Lansd. 772.), that this volume, +which he calls a _Primer_, was purchased for the Earl of Oxford (for +31l. 10s., as I learn from a priced copy of the catalogue), and was +highly valued. To judge from the above description, it must have been a +very beautiful book; and as it does not seem to be at present among the +Harleian collection of MSS. in the British Museum, I should be glad to +learn into whose hands it has fallen. It is _not_ the celebrated volume +of _Hours_ known under the name of the _Bedford Missal_, since that was +purchased by Lord Harley of Lady Worseley, and is now in the possession +of the Rev. Mr. Tobin;--nor is it the book of _Hours_ in the library of +the Duke of Devonshire (described by Dr. Dibbin in the _Bibl. +Decameron_, vol. i. p. 155.), which contains the autograph notes of +Henry VII.;--nor is it the similar volume formerly in the libraries of +George Wilkinson, of Tottenham Green (sold in 1836), and the Rev. Will. +Maskell, and now MS. Add. 17,012. in the British Museum, in which are +seen the autographs of Henry VII. and his Queen, Henry VIII., Catherine +of Aragon, and others;--nor is it the beautiful volume of _Hours_ +executed for René d'Anjou, and subsequently presented to Henry VII. by +his chaplain George Strangeways, Archdeacon of Coventry (now in the +British Museum, MS. Eg. 1070.);--nor, lastly, is it the book of _Hours_ +in the collection of George III. (No. 9.), which contains the autograph +writing of Henry VIII. + +F.M. +B.M., Feb. 19. 1850. + + +_Bess of Hardwick._--Elizabeth, or Bess of Hardwick, celebrated for her +distaste for celibacy, makes a considerable figure in the histories of +the Cavendish family, who in some degree owed their greatness to her +judicious purchases and careful management of their Derbyshire estates. + +It appears, from the _Derbyshire Visitations_, that she was one of the +daughters of John Hardwick, of Hardwick co. Derby, by his wife +Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Leake, of Hasland co. Derby, and that John +Hardwick died 19 Hen. VIII. + +Can any of your readers inform me of the pedigree of this John +Hardwick?--what arms, crest, motto and quarterings he made use of?--what +persons now living are descended from him?--and what became of his +estates? + +I presume that your typographical arrangements {277} do not admit of the +insertion of a regular pedigree; but the descents may be stated as in +Burke and similar Books. + +GULES + + +_Cæsar's Wife._.--"NASO" wishes to know where the proverbial saying, +"Cæsar's wife must not even be suspected," first occurs. + +_Minar's Books of Antiquities._--Can any one conversant with the works +of Cardinal Nicolas de Cusa inform me what author he quotes as "Minar in +his Books of Antiquities," in what language, and where existing? _De +Doctâ Ignorantiâ_, I. i. cap. 7. + +A.N. + + +_Proverb against Physicians._--"M.D." wishes to be informed of the +earliest writer who mentions the proverb "Ubi tres Medici, duo Athei." + + +_Compendyous Olde Treatyse._--In Ames's _Typographical Antiquities_, +vol. i. p. 405. (ed. Herbert), is described a work, printed by Rycharde +Banckes, some time between 1525 and 1545, entitled, "A compendyous olde +treatyse shewynge howe that we ought to have the Scripture in Englyshe, +with the Auctours." 12mo. 18 leaves. This copy belonged to Herbert +himself, and was probably obtained at the sale of Thomas Granger, in +1732. Any information as to its wherabout at present, or the existence +of any other copy of the above tract, would confer a fabour on the +inquirer. + +F.M. + + +_The Topography of Foreign Printing Presses._--I have often been at a +loss to discover the locality of names which designate the places where +books have been printed at Foreign presses; and "when found" to "make a +note of it." I was therefore pleased to find in No. 16. p. 251., by the +reply of "R.G." to Mr. Jebb, that "_Cosmopolis_ was certainly +Amsterdam," and that "Coloniæ" signifies "Amstelædami." And I will take +the liberty of suggesting that it would be an acceptable service +rendered to young students, if your learned correspondents would +occasionally communicate in the pages of your work, the modern names, +&c. of such places as are not easily gathered from the books themselves. + +P.H.F. + + +_Cromwell's Estates._--In Carlyle's edition of _Cromwell's Letters and +Speeches_, there is a note (p. 75. vol. iv. of the 3rd ed. 1850) +containing a list of the estates which the Protector owned at the time +of his death, as follows; there being, besides Newhall, specified as "in +Essex," five, viz.-- + +"Dalby, +Broughton, +Burleigh, +Oakham, and +Egleton." + +of which the editor has ascertained the localities; and six, viz.-- + + £ s. d +"Gower, valued at 479 0 0 per an. +Chepstall valued at 549 7 3 +Magore valued at 448 0 0 +Sydenham valued at 3121 9 6 +Woolaston valued at 664 16 6 +Chaulton valued at 500 0 0," + +of which, he say, "he knows nothing." + +It would surely be a proper, and, one might hope, an attainable object +of inquiry, to search out these unplaced estates of the great Protector, +and give them a local habitation in modern knowledge. This is precisely +one of the kind of queries which your publication seems best fitted to +aid; and I therefore submit it, in the hope of some discoveries, to your +correspondents. + +V. +Belgravia, Feb. 18, 1850. + + +_What are Depinges?_--In the orders made in 1574 for regulating the +fishery at Yarmouth, the Dutch settlers there are "To provide themselves +with twine and _depinges_ in foreign places." What are Depinges? + +J.S.B. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES + +ORIGIN OF THE JEWS-HARP. + +The "Jews-harp," or "Jews-trump," is said by several authors to derive +its name from the nation of the Jews, and is vulgarly believed to be one +of their instruments of music. Dr. Littleton renders Jews-trump by +_Sistrum Judaicum_. But no such musical intrument is spoken of by any of +the old authors that treat of the Jewish music. In fact, the Jews-harp +is a mere boy's plaything, and incapable of in itself of being joined +either with a voice or any other instrument; and its present orthography +is nothing more than a corruption of the French _Jeu-trompe_, literally, +a toy trumpet. It is called _jeu-trompe_ by Bacon, _Jew-trump_ by +Beaumont and Fletcher, and _Jews-harp_ by Hackluyt. In a rare +black-letter volume, entitled _Newes from Scotland_, 1591, there is a +curious story of one Geilles Duncan, a noted performer on the +"Jews-harp," whose performance seems not only to have met with the +approval of a numerous audience of witches, but to have been repeated in +the presence of royalty, and by command of no less a personage than the +"Scottish Solomon," king James VI. Agnes Sampson being brought before +the king's majesty and his council, confessed that + + "Upon the night of All-hallow-even last, shee was accompanied as + well with the persons aforesaid, as also with a great many other + witches, to the number of two-hundredth; and that all they + together went to sea, each one in a riddle or sive, and went + into the same very substantially, with flaggons of wine, making + merrie, and drinking by the way, in the same riddle or sives, to + the Kirk of North Barrick in Lowthian; and that after {278} they + had landed, tooke handes on the lande and daunced this reill or + short daunce, singing all with one voice, + + "'Commer goe ye before, commer goe ye: + Gif ye will not goe before, commer let me.' + + "At which time, she confessed that this Geilles Duncan (a + servant girl) did goe before them, playing this reill or daunce + uppon a small _trumpe_ called a _Jews-trumpe_, until they entred + into the Kirk of North Barrick. These confessions made the King + in a wonderfull admiration, and sent for the said Geilles + Duncan, who upon the like _trumpe_ did play the saide daunce + before the Kinge's Majestie; who in respect of the strangenes of + these matters tooke great delight to be present at their + examinations." + +It may be as well to mention that in the Belgic or Low Dutch, from +whence come many of our toys, a _tromp_ is a rattle for children. +Another etymon for _Jews-harp_ is _Jaws-harp_, because the place where +it is played upon is between the jaws. To those who wish to learn more +upon the subject, I beg to refer them to Pegge's _Anonymiana_; Dauncy's +_Ancient Scottish Melodies_; and to my edition of Chettle's _Kind-Harts +Dream_ printed by the Percy Society. + +Edward F. Rimbault. + + [We are indebted also to Trebor, E.W.D., J.F.M., and F.P. for + replies to this Query. They will perceive that Dr. Rimbault had + anticipated the substance of their several communications.] + + * * * * * + +ÆLFRIC'S COLLOQUY. + +I must trouble you and some of your readers with a few words, in reply +to the doubt of "C.W.G." (No. 16. p. 248.) respecting the word _sprote_. +I do not think the point, and the Capital letter to _saliu_ in the Latin +text, conclusive, as nothing of the kind occurs in the A.-S. version, +where the reading is clearly, "_swa hwylce swa_, on watere swymmath +sprote." I have seen the Cottonian MS., which, as Mr. Hampson observes, +is very distinctly written, both in the Saxon and Latin portions; so +much so in the latter, as to make it a matter of surprise that the +doubtful word _saliu_ should ever have been taken for _salu_, or +_casidilia_ for _calidilia_. The omission of the words _sprote_ and +_saliu_, in the St. John's MS., would only be evidence of a more +cautious scribe, who would not copy what he did not understand. + +Your correspondent's notion, "that the name of some fish, having been +first interlined, was afterwards inserted at random in the text, and +mis-spelt by a transcriber who did know its meaning," appears to me very +improbable; and the very form of the words (_sprote_, _saliu_, supposing +them substantives), which have not plural terminations, would, in my +mind, render his supposition untenable. For, be it recollected, that +throughout the answers of the Fiscere, the fish are always named in the +_plural_; and it is not to be supposed that there would be an exception +in favour of _sprote_, whether intended for _sprat_ or _salmon_. Indeed, +had the former been a river fish, Hulvet and Palsgrave would have +countenanced the supposition; but then we must have had it in the plural +form, _sprottas_. As for the suggestion of _sprod_ and _salar_, I cannot +think it a happy one; salmon (_leaxus_) had been already mentioned; and +_sprods_ will be found to be a very confined local name for what, in +other places, are called _scurfes_ or _scurves_, and which we, in our +ignorance, designate as salmon trout. In the very scanty A.-S. +ichthyologic nomenclature we possess, there is nothing to lead us to +imagine that our Anglo-Saxon ancestors had any corresponding word for a +salmon trout. I must be excused, therefore, for still clinging to my own +explanation of _sprote_, until something more _specious_ and _ingenious_ +shall be advanced, but in full confidence, at the same time, that some +future discovery will elucidate its truth. + +S.W. Singer. + +Feb. 19. 1850. + + * * * * * + +REHETING AND REHETOURS. + +As Dr. Todd's query (no. 10. p. 155.) respecting the meaning of the +words "Reheting" and "Rehetour," used by our early English writers, has +not hitherto been answered, I beg to send him a conjectural explanation, +which, if not conclusive, is certainly probable. + +In the royal household of France, there was formerly an officer whose +duty it was to superintend the roasting of the King's meat; he was +called the _Hâteur_, apparently in the sense of his "hastening" or +"expediting" that all-important operation. The Fr. _Hâter_, "to hasten +or urge forward," would produce the noun-substantive _Hâteur_; and also +the similar word _Hâtier_, the French name for the roast-jack. If we +consider _Rehâteur_ to be the reduplicate of _Hâteur_, we have only to +make an allowable permutation of vowels, and the result will be the +expressive old English word "Rehetour," an appropriate name for the +royal turnspit. Wycliffe uses it, I think, in the sense of a superfluous +servant, one whose duties, like the Hâteur's, were very light indeed. He +compares the founding of new Orders in an overburthened +Church-establishment to the making of new offices in a household already +crowded with useless (and consequently idle and vicious) servants. The +multitude of fat friars and burly monks charged upon the community were +"the newe rehetours that ete mennes mete," &c. + +The term, thus implying an useless "do-nothing," would soon become one +of the myriad of choice epithets in the vulgar vocabulary, as in the +instances from Dunbar and Kennedy. + +In a better sense, a verb would be derived, easily; "to rehâte," or +"rehete," i.e. "to provide, {279} entertain, or refresh with meat," and +thence, "to feast with words," as used by Chaucer and the old +Romancists. + +Mr. Halliwell's authorities for rendering the participle "Rehating" by +"Burning, or smarting," are not given; but if such a meaning existed, it +may have a ready explanation by reference to the Hâuteur's fireside +labour, though suggestive of unskilfulness or carelessness on his part. + +John Westby Gibson. + +5. Queen Square, Aldersgate Street, Feb. 8. 1850. + + +In answer to Dr. Todd's inquiries, I would say, first of all, the +"rehatours" of Douglas and the other Scots are beside his question, and +a totally different word. Feelings cherished in the mind will recur from +time to time; and those malevolent persons, who thus retain them, were +said to _re-hate_, as they are now said to re-sent. + +But the verb really in question is, _per se_, a perfectly plain one, to +re-heat. The difficulty is as to its use. The primary use, of course, is +to _heat again_. The nearest secondary use is "to cherish, cheer, or +comfort, to refocillate;" which is too plain to require more words. +Another secondary meaning is "to re-vive or to re-kindle" in its +metaphoric sense. This may be said well, as of life, health, or hope; or +ill, as of war, hatred, grief; or indifferently, as of love. What +difficulty Mr. Tyrwhitt could find in "the revival of Troilus's bitter +grief" being called "the reheating of his sore sighs," I cannot imagine. +Even literal heat is not wanting to sighs, and is often ascribed to them +by poets: and lovers' sighs are warm in every sense. I think Tyrwhitt +has thrown upon this passage the only darkness that involves it. + +Now comes the more difficult point, which alone concerns Dr. Todd in his +highly interesting labours upon Wycliffe. And the method which, until +better advised, I should be inclined to follow with those passages, is +to take the word nearly, though not exactly, in what seems to have been +its most usual sense; not indeed for comforters or cherishers, but for +those who promote comfort and convenience, viz., ministers or servants. +It does not at all follow, because he is blaming the introduction of +these persons as expensive, superfluous, and otherwise evil, that he +describes them by a word expressive of evil. As a ministering angel +would be a reheting angel, so I take a rehetor here to be simply a +minister, one who waits upon your occasions and serves you. + +A.N. + + * * * * * + +ARABIC NUMERALS. + +The history of the Arabic numerals, as they are generally called, is so +mixed up with that of the use of the decimal scale, that they form, in +fact, but a single inquiry. The mere history of the bare forms of +symbols has, doubtless, its use: but then it is only in the character of +_matériel_ for a philosophical discussion of the question--a discussion +into which the natural progress of the human mind and the urgency of +social wants must enter largely. + +It might at first sight appear, from the cognate character of the Hebrew +and Arabic languages, that the idea of using a single symbol for each +number, might originate with either--with one as likely as with the +other. But on reflection it will readily appear that the question rather +resolves itself into one respecting the "hand-cursive" of the Jews and +Saracens, than into one respecting the constitution of the languages. Of +the Jewish we know nothing, or next to nothing, at the period in +question; whilst the Arabic is as well known as even our own present +style of calligraphy. It deserves to be more carefully inquired into +than has yet been done, whether the invention of contracting the written +compound symbols of the digital numbers into single symbols did not +really originate amongst the Jews rather than the Saracens; and even +whether the Arabs themselves did not obtain them from the "Jew +merchants" of the earlier ages of our era. One thing is tolerably +certain:--that the Jew merchant would, as a matter of precaution, keep +all his accounts in some secret notation, or in cipher. Whether this +should be a modified form of the Hebrew notation, or of the Latin, must +in a great degree depend upon the amount of literary acquirement common +amongst that people at the time. + +Assuming that the Jews, as a literate people, were upon a par with their +Christian contemporaries, and that their knowledge was mainly confined +to mere commercial notation, an anonymous writer has shown how the +modifications of form could be naturally made, in vol. ii. of the _Bath +and Bristol Magazine_, pp. 393-412.; the motto being _valent quanti +valet_, as well as the title professing it to be wholly "conjectural." +Some of the speculations in it may, however, deserve further +considerations than they have yet received.[1] + +The contraction of the compound symbols for the first nine digits into +single "figures," enabled the computer to dispense with the manual +labour of the _abacus_, whilst in his graphic notation he retained its +essential principle of _place_. It seems to be almost invariably +forgotten by writers on {280} the subject, what, without _this +principle_, no improvement in mere notation would have been of material +use in arithmetic; and on the other hand that the main difference +between the arithmetic of the _abacus_ and the arithmetic of the +_slate_, consists in the inevitable consequences of the denotation of +the single digits by single symbols. + +The _abacus_, however, in its ordinary form, is essentially a decimal +instrument: but its form was also varied for commercial purposes, +perhaps in different ways. I never heard of the existence of one in any +collection: but there is preserved in the British Museum a picture of +one. This was printed by Mr. Halliwell in his _Rara Mathematica_--not a +fac-simile, but a rule and type representation of it, ciphers being used +by him for the circles in the original. Mr. Halliwell gives it without +note or remark; and evidently had not divined its meaning. This was +done, however, soon after in a review of Mr. Halliwell's book in the +_Philosophical Magazine_. I am not able at this moment to refer to +either, so as to give exact dates: but is was somewhere from 1838 to +1840. + +Perhaps, however, I am giving "E.V." information that may be irrelevant +to his purpose; though it may of some use to another class of inquirers. +I proceed, therefore, to one or two notices that seem to have a more +direct bearing on his object: + +1. Chasles' _Aperçu Historique sur l'Origine et le Développement de +Méthodes en Géométrie_; passim, but especially in note xii.: 4to., +Bruxelles, 1837. + +2. Chasles' several notices in _Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Acad. +des Sciences._ All subsequent to the "Aperçu." + +His _Catalogue des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque de Ville de Chartres_ +should also be consulted, if accessible to "E.V." Copies of it, however, +are very rare in the country, as it was privately printed and never +published. If, however, your correspondent have any serious inquiry in +view which should render his consultation of it desirable, I can put it +in his power to do so personally through you. + +3. Libri, several notices in the same series of papers. + +4. Libri, _Histoire des Sciences Mathématiques en Italie_. Several +places. Bactulica. Paris, 1838-1841. 4 tomes. 8vo. + +5. Peacock (Dean of Ely), "Arithmetic," in the _Encyclopædia +Metropolitana_. This is now, I believe to be had either separately, or +in the volume devoted to pure "Mathematics." + +6. De Morgan, _Penny Cyclopædia_ in loc., and occasionally elsewhere in +the work. + +7. Leslie's _Philosophy of Arithmetic_. + +8. Humboldt, in a paper which is translated in the _Journal of the Royal +Institution_, vol. xxix. + +I believe a good many other references might be made, with little +trouble, to foreign Mémoires; and (perhaps still more to your +correspondent's apparent purpose) to some amongst the Mémoires that +relate to inscriptions and topography, rather that amongst those +relating directly to science or literature. However, the two parts of +the subject cannot be effectively studied separately from each other; +and I am not without a hope that these straggling notes may be of some +use to "E.V." + +Under the view of inscriptions it occurs to my memory that in two or +three places on the church of St. Brelade in Jersey, there are marked +four vertical straight lines, which are interpreted by the natives to +signify the Arabic numerals 1111; as the date MCXI of the building of +the church. The church is evidently a very ancient one, and it is agreed +to be the oldest in the island, and the island historians assign it to +the early part of the 12th century. For these symbols being coeval with +the building I do not vouch: as (though it is difficult to say what may +constitute antiquity in the look of four parallel lines) I confess that +to my eye they had "as modern a look" as four such lines could well +have. The sudden illness of one of my party during our visit (1847), +however, precluded my examining that beautiful spot and its interesting +little church with the care I should have wished. + +I may be allowed to suggest the necessity of some degree of caution in +discussing this question: especially not to assume that any Arabic +numerals which appear in ecclesiastical inscriptions are coeval with the +dates they express; but rather inquire whether, from the condition of +the stone bearing the inscription, these numbers may not have been put +there at a later period, during repairs and alterations of the building +itself. It is for many reasons improbable, rather than otherwise, that +the Arabic numerals should have been freely used (if used at all) on +_ecclesiastical structures_ till long after the Reformation: indeed they +are not so even yet. + +But more. Even where there is authentic evidence of such symbols being +used in ecclesiastical inscriptions, the forms of them will tell +nothing. For generally in such cases an antique form of symbol would be +assumed, if it were the alteration of a "learned clerk;" or the +arabesque taste of the carver of the inscription would be displayed in +grotesque forms. We would rather look for genuine than coeval symbols of +this kind upon tombs and monuments, and the altar, than upon the +building itself; and these will furnish collateral proofs of the +genuineness of the entire inscriptions rather than any other class of +architectural remains. The evidence of the inscriptions on "Balks and +beams" in old manorial dwellings is especially to be suspected. + +T.S.D. + +Shooter's Hill, Feb 11, 1850. + + [Footnote 1: In vol. iii. of the same work is another paper by + the same author, entitled, "Conjectures respecting the Origin of + Alphabetic writing," pp. 365-384. Reference to these papers is + principally made, not on the ground of any assumed merit, but + because _all_ that has been written on any given subject ought, + if possible, to be brought before the minds of those engaged in + the prosecution of the inquiry.] + + +_Arabic Numerals._--If you think the following {281} title will do for +your correspondent "E.V." (No. 15. p. 230.), please to communicate it to +him: + + "Mannert, K., de Numerorum, quos arabicos voc., vera origine + pythagorico; e. Fig. aen. 8vo. Nürnberg, 1801." + +Oscar Heun. + +Cambridge, Feb. 11. 1850. + + +_Arabic Numerals_ (No. 15. p. 230.).--Your correspondent should consult +Peacock's "History of Arithmetic" in the _Encyclopædia Metropolitana_; +and, if he can get them, the notes to Chasles' _Aperçu Historique des +Méthodes en Géométric_, and various papers of Mr. Chasles, published in +the _Comptes Rendus_ of the French Institute. He may perhaps find some +information in De Morgan's _Arithmetical Books_, particularly at p. 14. + +M. + + * * * * * + +THE FRATERNITY OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE--CHAUCER'S NIGHT CHARM. + +In a little work by Costanzi, entitled _Le Istituzioni di Pieta che si +esercitano in Roma_, &c., and published A.D. 1825, in Rome, where the +schools under the management of that brotherhood are in great favour, +"C.F.S." will find much to interest him on the subject, though not +exactly in the order in which he has put his queries (No. 14. p. 214.), +nor to their full extent. + +Mr. Thoms, to whom English mediæval literature is so much beholden, asks +very earnestly for some information about "the white Paternoster" and +"seynte Petres soster," (No. 15. p. 229.). Perhaps the following guesses +may not be without use. First, then, about the "white Paternoster:" + +Henry Parker, a Carmelite friar of Doncaster, who wrote his admirable +_Compendiouse Treatyse, or Dialogue of Dives and Pauper_, during the +reign of Edward IV., speaking against superstitions, and especially +"craftes and conjurations with holy prayers," says: + + "They that use holy wordes of the gospel, Pater noster, Ave, or + Crede, or holy prayers in theyr wytchecraftes, for charmes or + conjurations--they make a full hye sacrifice to the fende. It + hath oft ben knowen, that wytches, with sayenge of their Pater + noster and droppynge of the holy candell in a man's steppes that + they hated, hath done his fete rotton of. Dr. What should the + Pater noster, and the holy candell do therto? Pau. Ryght nought. + But for the wytche worshyppeth the fende so highly with the holy + prayers, and with the holy candell, and used suche holy thinges + in despyte of God therefore is the fende redy to do the wytche's + wylle and to fulfyll thinges that they done it for. 'The Fyrst + Command,' cap. XXXV. Fol. 52. Imprynted by T. Berthelet, 1536. + 12mo." + +That the Pater noster used sometimes to be said with the wicked design +of working ill to individuals, and by those who were deemed witches, is +clear form the above extract: may not, then, this "wytche's" Pater +noster be the "white" Pater noster, against which the night-spell in +Chaucer was employed? "Wyche" may easily be imagined to have glided into +"white." + +"Seynte Petres soster," I suspect has a reference to St. Petronilla's +legend. St. Petronilla, among our forefathers, was called St. Pernell, +and _The Golden Lengend_ imprinted 1527, by Wynkyn de Word, tells us, +fol. cxxxi. b., that she "was doughter of saynt peter thappostle, whiche +was ryght fayre and bewteous, and by the wyll of her fader she was vexed +with fevers and akes." For a long while she lay bed-ridden. From the +name of this saint, who went through so many years of her life in +sickness, perhaps was borrowed the word "pernell," to mean a person in a +sickly weak state of health, in which sense, Sir Thomas More (_Works_, +London, 1557, p. 893) employs it, while bantering Tindal. St. Peter's +daughter (St. Pernell) came to be looked upon, in this country, as the +symbol of bad health under all its forms. Now, if we suppose that the +poet mistook, and wrote "soster" instead of "doughter," we immediately +understand the drift of the latter part of the spell, which was, not +only to drive away witchcraft, but guard all the folks in that house +from sickness of every kind. + +Daniel Rock. + +Buckland, Faringdon. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_By Hook or by Crook--Pokership--Gib Cat--Emerod._--I regret that very +pressing business has hitherto prevented me from supplying an omission +in my communication relating to the probable derivation of "By Hook or +by Crook;" namely, my authority for saying there was evidence of the +usage I referred to in forest customs. I now beg to supply that +omission, by referring to the numerous claims for fuel wood made by +divers persons at the justice seats held in the reigns of Charles I. and +Charles II. for the New Forest, and which will be found at the Tower and +Chapter House. Among others of these claims, I would mention that made +by the tenant of land in Barnford, No. 112., who claims to have had the +privilege, from _time immemorial_, of going into the king's wood to take +the _dead branches_ off the trees therein, "with a cart, a horse, a +_Hook and a Crook_, and a sail cloth." Verily this necessity for a sail +cloth seems to point very distinctly to his being obliged to collect his +fire-wood "by Hook or by Crook." May I add, that I do not think that any +of the notes I have seen hitherto, with reference to this subject, +invalidate the supposition of the origin being forestal; all that they +{282} appear to me to prove is, that the saying is of long standing. + +With reference to the query regarding the word Pokership (No. 12. p. +185.), I would observe, that the word is correctly copied from the +grant, and that it was so spelt in all the previous grants that I have +been able to refer to. As to the meaning of the word, I am of the +opinion that it is intended to express the office of keeping the hogs in +the forest, i.e. Porcarius. Pokership was probably spelt in early times +Pawkership, from Pawn, I apprehend; subsequently it was either spelt or +pronounced Paukership or Pokership. In corroboration of this view, I +would mention, that on referring to the Pipe Roll, 6 John, county of +_Hereford_, the following will be found:--"Hubert de Burgo, Et i libæ +const. Parcario de heford, xxxs. vd." If, however, Parkership be deemed +the more correct reading, still it does not of necessity apply to the +custody of a park; it might have denoted the pound-keeper, for, in +matters relating to manors, _parcus_ means a pound. + +With respect to the query about Gib Cat, you will find the subject +treated on largely in the _Etymologicon_--I may say, exhausted. + +By the bye, there can be no doubt that Emerod means Emerald; formerly +Emerald would be spelt Emeraud, and the transition is natural to +Emerode--Emerod. With regard to the supposed size being an objection to +this reading, it will be found that anciently the _matrix_ of the +Emerald, which is _tinged_ green, went by the name of the more valuable +jewel. + +T.R.F. + +Spring Gardens, Feb. 1850. + + +_Golden Frog_ (No. 14. p. 214.).--Sir John Poley's frog may have been a +device alluding to his name; I imagine that Poley is an appelative of +frogs. I find in Halliwell's _Dict. of Archaic Words_, "_Polly_wig," and +in Jamieson's _Scottish Dictionary_, "_Pow_lick," both meaning +_tadpole_, and both _diminutive_ forms; and Rowley _Poley_ is closely +(though not very logically) connected with the _frog_ who would a-wooing +go. The word has probably the same root as _poole_, _puddle_, &c. + +R.R. + + +_Madoc._--In addition to what is stated (No. 4. p. 56.) on this subject, +may be noted, that in the MS. Add. 14,957. British Museum, fol. 149., is +a letter from Dr. David Samwell to the Gwyneddigion Society, dated 23rd +March, 1791, in which he states, that the result of an interview, held +by himself and William Owen with General Bowles, "places the existence +of a race of Welsh Indians beyond all matter of doubt." This race is +identified with _Padongas_ on the Missouri, who are said to be of a +different complexion from the other Indian races, and to have books, +which they were not able to read. Is this information to be depended on +or not? + +F.M. + + +_MSS. of Sir Roger Twysden_ (No. 5. p. 76.).--Twysden's MSS. were +purchased by Sir Thomas Sebright, in or before the year 1715, and in the +Sebright sale at Leigh and Sotheby's, in 1807, appear to be two of the +MSS. inquired after by the Rev. L.B. Larking, namely, Lot 1224., "Vita +et Epistolæ Sancti Thomæ, Archiepiscopi Cant." (purchased by Heber, and, +at his sale in 1836, resold [Lot 323.] to Sir Thomas Phillipps), and Lot +1225., "Epistolæ Beati Anselmi, Archieposcopi Cant.", purchased by +Dardis; but what became of it afterwards I know not. + +F.M. + + +_Royal Genealogies_ (No. 6. p. 92.).--The inquirer will find, probably, +what he requires, in a work by J.F. Dambergen, entitled, "Sechzig +genaealogische auch chronologische und statistische Tabellen, zu +Fürstentafel und Fürstenbuch der Europäischen Staatengeschichte," fol. +Regensburg, 1831, in which the descents are brought down to a recent +period. + +F.M. + + +_Astle's MSS._ (No. 15. p. 230.).--After the death of Astle, in 1803, +his collection of MSS. was purchased, pursuant to his will, for the sum +of 500l., by the Marquess of Buckingham, and they remained at Stowe till +the spring of last year, when they passed, with the rest of that noble +collection, into the hands of the Earl of Ashburnham, for the sum of +8000l.;--a loss to the public much to be regretted. + +F.M. + + +_Dr. Hugh Todd's MSS_. (No. 16. p. 246.).--The first of the five MSS. +mentioned by Mr. Walbran, namely, the Chartulary of Fountains Abbey, is +at present in University College, Oxford, and perhaps some of the other +MSS. may be there also. A catalogue of the MSS. of this College has been +printed, compiled by the Rev. H.O. Coxe, of the Bodleian Library; but I +have not been able to consult a copy of it in London. + +F.M. + + +_Sir William Ryder_ (No. 12. p. 186.),--"H.F." is informed that Sir +William Ryder, Lord Mayor of London in 1660, lived at Bethnal Green, +received the honour of knighthood, 12th March, 1660 or 1661; died 30th +August, 1669; and was buried 9th September following at St. Andrew +Undershaft, London. He had two sons, one of whom was Thomas Ryder, who +was an equerry to King James II., and lord of the manor of Bilsington, +in Kent. He performed some service at the coronation of Queen Anne; and +his son, Sir Barnham Ryder, was knighted at the coronation of her +successor. The other son of Sir William Ryder was William Ryder, +gentleman. Sir William Ryder had five daughters:--1. Elizabeth, who +married Richard, son of Sir Thomas Midleton, of Chirk Castle in +Denbighshire, knight. 2. Priscilla, the wife of Richard Baylie, son of +Dr. Baylie, Dean of {283} Sarum. 3. Mary. 4. Anne. 5. Martha.--_Harl. +MSS._ 5801, 5802. + +F.E. + + +_Scole Inn._--In answer to the query (No. 16. p. 245.) respecting the +Sign and House at Scole Inn, I beg to refer to vol. ii. p. 142., of the +_History of Norfolk_, published by Crouse and Booth of Norwich, in 1781, +in 10 vols. 8vo. + +I beg to state that I have impressions of two large prints, one of the +"House," and the other of the "Sign." They were published in +1740.--"Joshua Kirby," del., "John Fossey," sculpt. + +I have also a smaller print of the "Sign" taken from the opposite +side--from the larger one--apparently by the same parties, but the names +of the drawer and engraver are cut off. + +I think the Sign was not take down till after 1795, as I have a +recollection of having passed _under it_ when a boy, in going from +Norwich to Ipswich. + +The sign was large and handsome, and extended across the road. + +In _Kirby's Print_, it is stated to have cost Mr. James Peck, who was a +merchant at Norwich, 1057l. + +The prints are not very scarce, and may be got at many of the +printsellers in London. + +J.B. + + +About twenty years ago I have seen hanging up on the wall of the +principal entry of this inn, a print of its original front, comprising +the various figure, coats of arms, &c. which adorned it: in this account +the founder Peck was called a citizen of Norwich, and the traveller was +puzzled by this piece of information. "It is called Scole Inn, because +it is at about the same distance from Norwich, Ipswich, and Bury." + +M. Prendergast. + +7. Serjeant's Inn. Fleet Street, Feb. 19. 1850. + + +_Killigrew Family and Scole Inn Sign_ (No. 15. p. 231.).--Doubtless +there are pedigrees of the Killigrew family in the _Visitations of +Cornwall_, which would answer Mr. Lower's questions. Many notices of +them also occur in Gilbert's _History of Cornwall_, and Wood's _Athenæ +Oxon._, Bliss. ed., and both those works have good indexes. + +There is a folded engraving of Scole Inn Sign (No. 16. p. 245.) in +Armstrong's _History of Norfolk_, vol. ii. p. 144., but I never could +learn when or why the sign was removed. The couchant stag in the centre +was the Cornwallis crest. + +Braybrooke. + +Audley End. + + +_Pavoise of the Black Prince_ (No. 12. p. 183).--It is very probably +that the _Pavoise_ which "Bolton" mentions as hanging in his time at the +tomb of Edward the Black Prince, was no part of the original collection. + +"A quilted coat-armour, with _half-sleeves tabard fashion_," reads oddly +as part of this prince's costume; but we know that sometimes "Coming +events cast their shadows before." + +T.W. + + +_Welsh Ambassador._--The following use of the word "Welsh" _in +metaphor_, may perhaps serve as a clue to, or illustration of, G.'s +query (No. 15. p. 230.): + + _Andrew_. "In tough _Welsh_ parsley, which in our vulgar tongue, + is Strong hempen altars."--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Elder + Brother_, Act. 1. ad fin. + +Petit André + +Pleissis-les-Tours, Fevrier, 1850. + + +_Phoenix--by Lactantius._--"Seleucus" is informed, in answer to his +query in No. 13. p. 203., that he will find the Latin poem of the +_Phoenix_, in hexameters _and pentameters_, in that scarce little +volume, edited by Pithaeus, and published at Paris in 1590 (see Brunet), +_Epigrammata et Poematia Vetera, &c._ (of which I am happy to say I +possess a most beautiful copy), where it is headed "Phoenix, Incerti +Auctoris;" and again at the end of the edition of _Claudian_ by P. +Burmann Secundus Amsterdam, 1760), with the following title,--_Lactantia +Elegia, de Phoenice; vulgo Claudiano ad scripta, &c._, where also +another correspondent, "R.G." (in No. 15. p. 235.), will find much +information as to who was the author of the poem. + +C.J.C. + +Feb. 9. 1850. + + +_Catsup_ (no. 8. p. 125.).--"Catsup" is to be found thus spelt in Todd's +_Johnson's Dictionary_ (London, 1818). He describes it as a kind of +Indian pickles imitated by pickled mushrooms; and quotes these two lines +of Swift: + + "And for our home-bred British cheer, + Botargo, catsup, and cavier." + +An eminnet Sanscrit scholar informs me that "kuck-hup" is the +Hindostanee word for Turtle; it is to be met in the Vocabulary attached +to Gilchrist's _East Indian Guide_ (8vo. London, 1820). May not the name +of the sauce take its origin from the use of it in preparing the turtle +for the table? In the _Cuisinier Royal, par Viart_, p. 75., it is +mentioned among the "petites sauces," as ket-chop, "ou Soyac;" and the +receipt for making it ends with "servez le avec le poisson." (Published +at Paris, 1840.) + +C.I.R. + + +_The Buckingham Motto_ (No. 9. p. 138., and No. 16. p. 252.).--On +examining the original manuscript the true reading of this motto appears +to me to be, + + Sovente me sovene, + Harre Bokynghame. + +I should translate it, "souvent me souvenez;" an Anglo-French paraphrase +of "sis memor mei;" or, "Ne m'oubliez pas." I have great doubt {284} +whether the original MS. can be safely assumed to be an _autograph_. + +S. + + [Our correspondent "P." writes, "It surprises me your OEdipi + should be so wide of the mark in this motto. It is simply, 'Oft + remember me.'"] + + +_Devices of the Standards of the Anglo-Saxons_ (No. 14. p. 216.).--The +arms, i.e. the standards of the successive rulers of Britain, may be +found in Sir Winston Churchill's curious work, _Divi Britannici_, which +gives (as your correspondent supposes) the White Horse for Kent, the +White Dragon for Wessex, and the Raven for the Danes. + +C. + + +_Prutenicæ_ (No. 14. p. 215.).--The work to which your correspondent +alludes is, I presume, _Prutenicæ Tabulæ Cælestium Motuum, autore Erasmo +Reinholdo_: Tubingæ, 1562. This work is dedicated to Albert, Duke of +_Prussia_. In the dedication is the following passage: + + "Ego has tubulas _Prutenicas_ dici volui, ut sciret posteritas + tuâ liberalitate, Princeps Alberte, nos adjutos esse, et tibi + gratiam ab iis, quibus profuturæ sunt deberi." + +Reinhold therefore called them Prutenie, _i.e. Prussian_ tables, in +compliment to the reigning duke. _Pruteni_ is an ancient name of the +Prussians. Albert (grandson of Albert the Achilles, Margrave of +Brandenburg) was in 1511 elected Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, +who then held Prussia. He continued the war which his order had for some +time carried on with his uncle, Sigismund I., King of Poland. But he +subsequently embraced the doctrines of Luther, deserted his order, +became reconciled to Sigismund, and for his reward East Prussia was now +first raised into a duchy as a fief of Poland, and made hereditary in +his family. This Albert was the founder of the University of Konigsberg. +(See Puffendorff, Frederick the Great, and Robertson.) + +_Pandoxare_ (No. 13. p. 202., No. 15. p. 234.).--There is, or till very +lately was, an officer of Trinity College, Cambridge, called the +Pandoxator. He had the oversight of the college brewhouse, and formerly +of the college bakehouse also. See Monk's _Life of Bentley_, 2nd ed. i. +210. In Dr. Bentley's time the office seems to have been held by a +senior fellow. Of late years junior fellows have held the situation. + +C.H. Cooper. + +Cambridge, Feb. 11. 1850. + + +_Gazetteer of Portugal._--In answer to the inquiry of "Northman" (No. +16. p. 246.), P.C.S.S. has to state, that he believes that the most +recent, as it is unquestionably the most copious, work on the topography +of Portugal is the _Diccionario Geografico de Portugal_, published at +Lisbon in 1817, in seventeen volumes, 8vo. + +P.C.S.S. + + +_Dog Latin_ (No. 15, p. 230.).--Many things low and vulgar are marked +with the prefix "dog"; as _dog-rose_, _dog-trick_, _dog-hole_, as also +_dog-gerel_. When the great mortar was set up in St. James's Park, some +one asked "Why the carriage was ornamented with dog's heads?" "To +justify the Latin inscription," said Jekyl. + +C. + + +_Epigram_ (No. 15. p. 233.).--Surely not by Kenrick, if written, as it +seems, about 1721. Kenrick was not heard of for near thirty years later. + +C. + + +_Pallace, Meaning of_ (No. 15. p. 233.).--Put out of all doubt by the +following article in Phillips's _World of Words_. "_Pallacia_, in old +records, 'Pales or paled fences.'" + +C. + + +_Meaning of Pallace_ (No. 13. p. 202., and No. 15. p. 233.).--Bishop +Horsley seems to throw some light on this point by his note on the 9th +verse of the 45th Psalm. The learned prelate says + + "'Out of the ivory palaces whereby they have made thee + glad,'--rather, from 'cabinets of Armenian ivory they have + pleasured thee.' From _cabinets_ or _wardrobes_, in which the + perfumes, or the garments were kept." + +This meaning of the word, derived from the Hebrew, corroborates the +sense given to it in Mr. Halliwell's _Dictionary of Archaic, &c. Words_, +viz, a _storehouse_. + +Alfred Gatty. + +Ecclesfield, Feb. 9. + + +_Ælian._--The querist (No. 15. p. 232.) is informed that Ælian's +Treatise _De Animalium Naturâ_ has been translated into Latin as well as +his other works, by Conrad Gessner, fol. Zurich, 1556; but, it does not +appear that an English translation of it has hitherto been published. + +A.W. + +Brighton. + + +_Why Dr. Dee quitted Manchester._--A correspondent (No. 14. p. 216.) of +yours wishes to know the reason why Dr. Dee resigned his wardenship and +left Manchester. I would refer him to the interesting "Life of Dee," by +Dr. Cooke Taylor, in his _Romantic Biography of the Age of Elizabeth_, +who writes: + + "But in his days mathematics were identified with magic, and + Dee's learned labours only served to strengthen the imputations + cast upon his character by the Fellows of his College in + Manchester. He was so annoyed by these reports that he presented + a petition to King James, requesting to have his conduct + judicially investigated; but the monarch, on the mere report + that Dee was a conjuror, refused to show him the slightest + favor. Indignant at the injurious treatment he continued to + receive, he quitted Manchester with his family in the month of + November, 1604: it is uncertain whether he renounced his + wardenship at the same time, but he seems to have received no + more of its revenues; for, during the remainder of his life, + {285} which was passed at Mortlake, he suffered severely from + the pressure of poverty." + +He died in 1608. Dr. Taylor, I suppose, writes on the authority of Dee's +MSS. and Journal, edited by Dr. Isaac Casaubon. + +W.M.K. + + +_Viridis Vallis_ (no. 14. p. 213.).--This is the monastery of +_Groenendael_, situated in the forest of Soignies, near Brussels. In the +_Bibliothèque des Ducs de Bourgoyne_ are preserved several manuscript +volumes relative to its history. (See Marchal's _Catalogue_, vol. ii. p. +84.) Sir Thomas Phillipps has also a Chartulary of this monastery among +his manuscripts. + +F.M. + + +_Recent Novel._--I beg to inform "Adolphus" that the Novel of which he +is in search (No. 15. p. 231.) is _Le Morne au Diable_, by Eugène Sue; +the hero of which is the Duke of Monmouth, who is supposed to have +escaped to Martinique. + +J.S. + + * * * * * + +MISCELLANIES. + +_Use of Monosyllables._--In Beaumont and Fletcher's _Boadicea_, Act 3. +Sc. 1. (Edinbugh, 1812), I meet with the following lines in Caratach's +Apostrophe to "Divine Andate," and which seem to corroborate Mr. C. +FORBES'S theory (No. 16. p. 228.) on the employment of monosyllables by +Shakspeare, when he wished to express violent and overwhelming emotion: +at least they appear to be used much in the same way by the celebrated +dramatists whom I quote: + + "Give us this day good hearts, good enemies, + Good blows on both sides, wounds that fear or flight + Can claim no share in; steel us both with anger, + And warlike executions fit thy viewing. + Let Rome put on her best strength, and thy Britain, + Thy little Britain, but as great in fortune, + Meet her as strong as she, as proud, as daring! + And then look on, thou red-eyed God; who does best, + Reward with honour; who despair makes fly, + Unarm for ever, and brand with infamy!" + +C.I.R. + +Feb. 16. + + +_To endeavour oneself_ (No. 8. p. 125.).--"G.P." thinks that the verb +"endeavour" takes a middle voice form in the collect for the second +Sunday after Easter, in the preface to the Confirmation Service, and in +the Form of Ordering of Priests: but in these instances is it any thing +more than the verb neuter, implying that we should endeavour ourselves +to follow, &c.? + +In Shepherd's _Elucidation of the Book of Common Prayer_ (2 vols. 8vo. +Lord. 1817), under the head of the Confirmation Office, it is stated +relative to the persons to be confirmed (vol. ii. p. 312.), "that they +solemnly engage evermore to endeavour faithfully to perform their part +of that covenant." + +C.I.R. + + +_Evelyn's Sculptura._--In a copy of Evelyn's _Sculptura_, 3rd edit., +with Memoir of the Author's Life, 8vo. London, 1759, I find the +following memorandum, in pencil, prefixed to the Memoirs: + + "By Dr. Warton of Winchester, as he himself informed me in + 1785." + +An autograph resembling "J. Chelmar" is on the fly-leaf. As I do not see +this Memoir ascribed to Dr. Warton in any list, to which I have access, +of his writings, perhaps the Memoir is not generally, or at all, known +to be by him, and I therefore send the memorandum to you to be winnowed +in your literary threshing-floor, by those who have better means and +more leisure to ascertain its value. + +J.M. + +Oxford, Feb. 5. + + +_William Baxter._--I do not know whether William Baxter is authority for +anything. When you see a word quoted from one of the languages or +dialects which the moderns call Celtic, that word will very commonly be +found not to exist. When at a loss, quote Celtic. If W. Baxter says (see +No. 13. p. 195.) that _buarth papan_ means the sun's ox-stall, or, in +other words, that _papan_ means the sun, I should wish to know where +else such a name for that luminary, for or any thing else, may be met +with? I have not found any such thing. + +A.N. + + +_Derivation of the word "Avon."_--Among the many proofs of the +prevalence of the Gaelic roots in existing names at both ends of the +island, it may be mentioned that there are ten rivers named _Avon_ in +Britain, and _Avon_ is simply the Gaelic word for a river. + +J.U.G. Gutch. + + +_Warton and Heinsius._--A late critic thinks he has discovered that Mr. +Thomas Warton, a contemporary of Mr. Wise, and fellow of the same +college, an antiquary and scholar of whom England may be proud, knew +little of Latin, and less of Greek, because, forsooth, he did not notice +Milton's false quantities, which Heinsius did! As well might it be +argued, that the critic is an immoral man, because he did not notice the +delinquencies of Heinsius in a moral point of view; the said Heinsius +being obliged to resign his secretaryship to the city of Amsterdam in +consequence of a prosecution by a young woman for breach of promise of +marriage, under the faith of which she had lived with him, and borne him +two children. The sentence of _misdaadigheyd_ was pronounced against +him, and confirmed, on appeal, by the supreme court of Holland, in 1662. +So much for the unpatriotic puff of the learned foreigner, to {286} the +disparagement of one of the greatest ornaments of English literature. As +one "note" naturally produces another, I hope your sense of justice, Mr. +Editor, will admit this, in order to counter-balance the effect of the +former one; appearing, as it did, in a periodical of considerable +circulation, which, I am glad to hear, is soon to be very much improved. + +J.I. + + +_Queen's Bagnio_ (No. 13. p. 196.).--The Queen's Bagnio in Long Acre was +on the south side, nearly opposite to the door of Long Acre Chapel. The +Duke's bath I have always heard was in Old Belton Street, now Endell +Street; the fourth house from Castle Street on the west side. It has +been new fronted not long since; but at the time that I frequented the +baths there--the exterior had pilasters, and a handsome cornice in the +style of Inigo Jones,--all being built in dark red brick. Within there +was a large plunging bath, paved and lined with marble, the walls being +covered by small tiles of blue and white, in the Dutch fashion. The +supply of water was from a well on the premises. + +There were several apartments for warm-bathing, having the baths and +pavements of marble, and to several of these were attached +dressing-rooms. + +The house is now, I believe, occupied by a carpenter; but the baths +remained, though in a dilapidated condition, a short-time since, and +probably are there still. + +T.W. + + +_A Flemish Account._--In illustration of a query in your first number on +the origin of the expression "a Flemish Account," unless you think it +too late for insertion, I send the following extract from an old volume +in the Cathedral Library at Salisbury. It is entitled, "The Accurate +Accomptant or London Merchant, &c.; by Thomas Brown, Accomptant: +composed for the Use and Benefit of the poor Blew-Coat children educated +in Christ's Hospital, &c. London, printed by William Godbid, sen. 1669. +fol." + +The book consists almost entirely of examples of the best methods of +keeping accounts, from which I select the following instance: + + "London, August 10th, 1668. + + "To Roger Pace, Factor, &c., for 10 Pieces cont. 746 Ells Fl. at + 10 _S._ Flem. per Ell. is 373 l. Flem. Exchange at 35 _S_ makes + Sterling Money 213 l. 2s. 10 d." + +The above extract strongly confirms the explanations of the expressions +given by your correspondents "Q.Q." and "Mr. Bolton Corney," in No. 5. +p. 74., as it proves both the necessity and early practice of accurately +distinguishing in commercial dealings between English and Flemish +methods of reckoning. + +E.A.D. + + [The following is a curious illustration of the use of the + phrase. + + "A person resident in London is said to have had most of + Caxton's publications. He sent them to Amsterdam for inspection, + and, on writing for them, was informed that they had been + destroyed by accident. 'I am very much afraid,' says Herbert, + 'my kind friend received but _a Flemish account_ of his + Caxtons.'"--_Typ. Antiq._, p. 1773.] + + +_La Mer des Histoires._--I find I have a note on that handsome old +French work, _La Mer des Histoires_, which is commonly attributed to +Johannes de Columna, Archbishop of Messina; but upon which Francis +Douce, while taking notice of its being a translation of the _Rudimentum +Noviciorum_ ascribed to Mochartus, observes that it is a different work +from the _Mare Historiarum_ of Johannes de Columna. Douce also informs +us, that there were several works passing under this title. Columna is +mentioned by Genebrard as the author of a book, _Cujus titulus est Mater +Historiarum_. Query? What is known of the work, which is really +Columna's? + +John Sansom. + + * * * * * + +On Passages in Milton + + "And every shepherd _tells his tale_ + Under the hawthorn in the dale." + + Milton's _L'Allegro_. + +I used to suppose the _tale told_ was a love tale. Now I take it to mean +that each shepherd _tells the tale_, that is, counts the number of his +sheep. Is there any doubt on this point? + +Milton (_Paradise Lost_, b. v.), speaks of "silent night with this her +_solemn_ bird;" that is, the nightingale. Most readers take "_solemn_" +to mean "_pensive_;" but I cannot doubt that Milton (who carries +Latinism to excess) used it to express _habitual_, _customary_, +_familiar_, as in its Latin form _sollemnis_. + +B.H.K. + + * * * * * + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +The lovers of accurate and painstaking topography, the students of +genealogical history, and, though last not least, those who like to see +the writings of Shakspeare, illustrated in a congenial spirit, will read +with pleasure the announcement, in our advertising columns, that the +fellow-townsmen of Joseph Hunter, the Historian of "Hallamshire" and +"The Deanery of Doncaster," and the Illustrator of the Life and Writings +of Shakspeare, have opened a Subscription for the purpose of placing a +full-length portrait of that gentleman in the Cutlers' Hall, Sheffield. + +When we announced Mr. Archer's projected work, entitled _Vestiges of Old +London, a Series of finished Etchings from Original Drawings, with +Descriptions, Historical Associations, and other References_, we spoke +of it as one likely, we thought, to prove of especial interest. The +appearance of the first Number justifies to the fullest our +anticipation. The pictorial representations are replete {287} with +variety, and the literary illustrations full of a pleasant gossipping +anecdotical character. The first plate shows us _The Old Bulk Shop at +Temple Bar_, occupied by successive generations of fishmongers, and +doubtless well remembered by most of our readers; although no trace of +it any longer exists. _The House of John Dryden_, in Fetter Lane, so +designated on the authority of the late Mr. Upcott, forms the second +plate; and is followed by _The Altar of Diana_, discovered in Foster +Lane, Cheapside, in December, 1830. _The Drapers' Almshouses, Crutched +Friars_, is the next illustration, which again is contrasted by a plate +of _Roman Vestiges_, full of interest to those who like to investigate +the Roman occupation of our metropolis; and this first part concludes +with a view of _The Old Chapel of St. Bartholomew, Kingsland_. The work +is executed in a style to delight London antiquaries, and charm those +who delight to illustrate Pennant. + +The approaching _Exhibition of Works of Ancient and Mediæval Art_ at the +rooms of the Society of Arts in the Adelphi, promises to be one of the +most interesting displays of the kind ever exhibited in this or any +other city. The possessors of objects of beauty and rarity have vied +with each other in placing at the disposal of the Committee their +choicest specimens; and the inhabitants and visitors of the metropolis +will shortly have an opportunity of judging how numerous are the relics +of "barbaric pomp and gold" which are still left to us, and how much of +beauty of design, and "skill in workmanship" were displayed by the +"hard-handed" men of the good old times, to justify the enthusiasm of +the antiquary, and gratify the man of taste. + +We have received, but at a moment too late to notice as it deserves, the +Catalogue of very choice Books, and Books printed on vellum, the +property of the late Mr. Rodd, which are to be sold by Messrs. Sotheby, +at their rooms in Wellington Street, on Monday next. As a specimen, +perhaps the most remarkable of this collection, we may point out the set +of the Works of Thomas Aquinas, in 17 folio volumes, bound in 21, and +which is well described as + + "A magnificent set of Books, presenting one of the finest + specimens, and at the same time the most extensive work, ever + printed upon vellum. This copy was presented by Pope Pius V. to + Philip II., king of Spain, and was deposited in the library of + the Escurial, whence it was taken during the occupation of Spain + by Bonaparte. The only other copy known is in the National + Library, Paris. It is the best edition of this author's works." + +We have received the following Catalogues: + + "John Petheram's Catalogue of Old and New Books on Sale for Cash + only at 94. High Holborn. Part CVIII. No. 2. for 1850." + +a Catalogue containing some excellent books, which reached us last week, +and was omitted from our last list by accident. + + "Catalogue of Miscellaneous English and Foreign Books in all + Classes of Literature, selected from the Stock of Nattali and + Bond, 23. Bedford Street, Covent Garden." + + "Bibliotheca Salisburiensis. A Catalogue of Old and New Books on + sale by J. Hearn, corner of the Poultry Cross, Salisbury." + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE + +(_In continuation of Lists in former Nos._) + +Life of Colonel Birch. + +Odd Volumes. + +Goldsmith's Miscellaneous Works. (Cairn's Edition.) 12mo. Edinburgh. +1804. Vol. III. + +British Painters, Sculptors, and Architects. Family Library. 1830. Vol. +IV. + +Orbis Phaeton, sive de Universis Vitus Linguæ. Pars prima, A to K. Mons. +1629. + +Political Magazine for 1780. Vol. IX. for 1785. Vol. XII. for 1787. + +Hudibras. 18mo. 1716. Vol. I. + +Valpy's Delphin Classics. 63 and 64. In the original Boards. + +Inchbald's British Theater. 12mo. 1808. Vol. IX. + +Chevallier's Epistles of the Apostolic Fathers. + +Historical Romances. 7 Vols., or Vol. I. Constable, 1822. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +_We have again had to indulge in the expensive luxury of a further +reprint; and we have therefore the pleasure of announcing that our_ +Second _Monthly Part, which has been out of print, may now be had by +such of our friends as want to complete their sets._ + +_We are again under the necessity of omitting many communications, +including_ Notes, Queries, _and_ Replies, _which are in type; but we +hope, by enlarging next week's paper to_ 24 _pages, instead of_ 16, _to +find room for inserting many interesting papers which we have been +hitherto compelled to omit for want of room._ + +_To correspondents inquiring as to the mode of procuring_ "Notes and +Queries," _we have once more to explain, that every bookseller and +newsman will supply it regularly_, if ordered; _and that gentlemen +residing in the country, who may find a difficulty in getting it through +any bookseller in their neighbourhood, may be supplied regularly with +the_ stamped _edition, by giving their orders direct to the publisher_, +Mr. George Bell, 186. _Fleet Street, accompanied by a Post Office order, +for a quarter, 4s. 4d.; a half year, 8s. 8d.; or one year, 17s. 4d._ + +A.J.V. _will find an answer to his query respecting_ Angels' Visits, +_&c. in No. 7. p. 102.; and respecting the Hudibrastic couplet, in No. +12. p. 179_. + +M.X. (Bridport). _The work_ well bound _will only fetch about seven or +eight pounds in a sale room, and may be purchased for about ten._ + +Errata. No. 9. p. 133. col. 1. l. 51., for "Silent" read "Select;" l. +54., for "imposing" read "composing;" and col. 2. l. 43. after "that" +insert "Simpson's." No. 17. p. 263. col. 1. l. 49., for "Respublicæ" +read "Respublica." + + * * * * * {288} + +Exceedingly Choice and Rare Books, and Books printed upon Vellum, the +property of the late eminent bookseller, Mr. Thos. Rodd. + +MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and Co., (auctioneers of literary property and +works illustrative of the fine arts,) will SELL by AUCTION in pursuance +of the will of the deceased, at their House, 3. Wellington Street, +Strand, on Monday, March 4. at 1 precisely, a very choice selection of +fine and RARE BOOKS, and Books printed upon Vellum, the property of the +late eminent bookseller, Mr. Thomas Rodd, of Great Newport Street, +London; including among the more valuable books, Aquinatis Opera Omnia, +21 vols., Romæ, 1570, a magnificent set of books, printed on vellum, +presented by Pope Pius V. to Philip II, King of Spain; Homer Opera +Græce, editio princeps, fine copy, Florentiæ, 1488; Valerius Maximus, +printed on vellum, Moguntiæ, 1471; Vivaldus de Veritate Contritionis, +printed on vellum, unique, 1503; Lancelot du Lac, Chevalier de la Table +Ronde, beautiful copy; Ciceronis Epistolæ ad Familiares, Venetiis, +Johannes de Spira, 1409; Sancti Hieronymi Epistolæ, printed on vellum, +Moguntiæ, 1470; a magnificent volume; Pentateuchus Hebraicus et +Chaldaicus, printed on vellum, a beautiful copy, Sabionnettæ, 1557; many +beautiful Horae, printed on vellum; Enchiridion Ecclesiæ Sarum, printed +on vellum, extremely rare and interesting, Paris. T. Kerver, 1528; La +Collection des Ouvrages, imprimées par Ordre de M. Le Compte d'Artois, +64 vols., printed on vellum, Paris Didot. To be viewed three days prior, +and catalogues had at the place of sale. + + * * * * * + +Preparing for immediate Publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo. + +THE FOLK-LORE of ENGLAND. By William J. Thoms, F.S.A., Secretary of the +Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and Legends of +all Nations." &c. One object of the present work is to furnish new +contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; and especially +some of the more striking Illustrations of the subject to be found in +the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries. + +Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and +Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms &c. are earnestly solicited, and +will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed to +the care of Mr. Bell, Office of "Notes and Queries," 186. 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BY George Herbert. + +Also, by the same Author, + +Price 2s. cloth, 7s. morocco (Hayday), + +A PRIEST TO THE TEMPLE; or, THE COUNTRY PARSON: his character, and Rule +of Holy Life, &c. + +London: George Bell, Fleet Street. Leicester: J.S. Crossley. + + * * * * * + +THE PHILOLOGICAL MUSEUM. Edited by Hare and Thirlwall. 2 thick vols. +8vo. cloth, 14s. E. STIBBS, having purchased the remaining copies of +this esteemed Work, now offers it at the above reduced price, and +respectfully suggests the necessity of early application, as it is +entirely out of print, and but few copies remain for sale. + +331. Strand, opposite Somerset House. + + * * * * * + +REV. JOSEPH HUNTER, F.S.A. Public Portrait. The Friends and Admirers of +the learned and respected Historian of "Hallamshire" and the "Deanery of +Doncaster" having resolved to place a full-length Portrait of him in the +Cutlers' Hall, Sheffield, his native town (vide "Gentleman's Magazine," +Feb. 1850), the Committee beg respectfully to announce that +Subscriptions of One Guinea, in furtherance of their object, will be +received by Thomas Berks, Esq., Mayor, Treasurer; and Mr. Henry Jackson, +Secretary of the Committee, Sheffield. + + * * * * * + +Just published, and may be had postage free, on a remittance of two +stamps. + +A CATALOGUE OF ENGLISH and FOREIGN BOOKS, in all Classes of Literature. +Selected from the STOCK of NATTALI and BOND (successors to the late M.A. +Nattali), 23. Bedford Street, Covent Garden. + + * * * * * + +Now ready. + +STIBB'S CATALOGUE OF MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS, Part III., containing a very +extensive collection of Books relating to America, also a few choice and +rare old books beautifully bound in morocco; it may be had gratis, and +post free, on application. Also, nearly ready, STIBB'S GENERAL +CATALOGUE, which will be forwarded gratis on receipt of Eight stamps for +the Postage. + +331. Strand, opposite Somerset House, + + * * * * * + +Just published, price 3s. 6d. 12mo. cloth, 7s. calf or morocco. + +THE ENGLISH GENTLEMAN: his Principles, his Feelings, his Manners, his +Pursuits. + +"We like him so well as to wish heartily we might meet many +such."--_Theologian._ + +"The object of the first of the four essays is to form the principles of +a gentleman on a Christian standard. In the other three subjects, of +feelings, manners, and pursuits, the views, though strict, are of a more +worldly kind."--_Spectator._ + +George Bell, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +8vo. cloth. 7s. 6d. + +ORIGINAL LETTERS OF JOHN LOCKE, ALGERNON SIDNEY, AND LORD SHAFTESBURY. +With an Analytical Sketch of the Writings and Opinions of Locke and +other Metaphysicains. By T. Forster, M.B. F.L.S., M.A.S., Corresponding +Member of the Acad. of Natural Science at Philadelphia, &c. + +London: George Bell, Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +In 8vo. price 7s. 6d. cloth. + +HISTORY OF THE PARISH AND TOWN OF BAMPTON, with the District and Hamlets +belonging to it. By the Rev. J.A. Giles, D.C.L., late Fellow of Christ's +Ch. Coll. Oxford, Author of "History of the Ancient Britons," &c. + +London: George Bell, Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8 New Street Square, at No. 5 New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186 Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, March 2. 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 18. Saturday, +March 2, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13544 *** diff --git a/13544-h/13544-h.htm b/13544-h/13544-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a97577 --- /dev/null +++ b/13544-h/13544-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1888 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta name="generator" content= +"HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st March 2004), see www.w3.org" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content= +"text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> +<title>Notes And Queries, Issue 18.</title> + +<style type="text/css"> + + /*<![CDATA[*/ + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.adverts {width: 100%; height: 5px; color: black;} + html>body hr.adverts {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.short {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.short {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + + + .note, .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; + font-size: 0.9em;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; + text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 6em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 8em;} + .poem p.i10 {margin-left: 10em;} + .poem .caesura {vertical-align: -200%;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; + font-size: 8pt;} + + p.author {text-align: right;} + --> + /*]]>*/ +</style> +</head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13544 ***</div> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page273" name= +"page273"></a>{273}</span> +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left" width="25%"><b>No. 18.</b></td> +<td align="center" width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1850</b></td> +<td align="right" width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> +<table summary="Contents" align="center"> +<tr> +<td align="left">NOTES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Unpublished Letter of Horace Walpole, by S. +Hall</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page273">273</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Lady Arabella Stuard, by R. Cole</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page274">274</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">The Name Martel, by W. Robson</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page275">275</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Query as to Junius, by J. Sudlow, Esq.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page275">275</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">New Edition of Dr. Owen's Works</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page276">276</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Queries:—MS. Book of Hours—Bess +of Hardwick—Cæsar's Wife—Minar's Books of +Antiquities—Proverb against Physicians—Compendyous Olde +Treatyse—Topography of Foreign Printing +Presses—Cromwell's Estates—Depinges</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page276">276</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Origin of Jew's-harp, by E.F. Rimbault, LL.D.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page277">277</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Ælfric's Colloquy, by S.W. Singer</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page278">278</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Reheting and Rehetours</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page278">278</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Arabic Numerals</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page279">279</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Fraternity of Christian Doctrine, Chaucer's Night +Charm, by Rev. D. Rock</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page281">281</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Replies to Minor Queries:—By Hook or by +Crook, Pokership, &c.—Golden +Frog—Madoc—Twysden MSS.—Royal +Genealogies—Astle's MSS.—Dr. Hugh Todd's MSS.—Sir +W. Ryder—Scole Inn—Killegrew Family—Pavoise of +the Black Prince—Welsh Ambassador—Phoenix. by +Lactantius—Catsup—Buckingham Motto—Devices of +Anglo-Saxons—Purteninæ—Pandoxare, &c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page281">281</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Use of Monosyllables—To endeavour +oneself—Evelyn's Sculptura—William +Baxter—Derivation of "Avon"—Warton and Heinsius, +&c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page285">285</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, &c.</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes wanted</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page287">287</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page287">287</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Advertisements</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page288">288</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>NOTES</h2> +<h3>UNPUBLISHED LETTER OF HORACE WALPOLE</h3> +<p>I have the pleasure of inclosing to you (I believe) an +unpublished letter of Horace Walpole's. It was found among the +papers of the late William Parsons, one of the Della Cruscan poets. +That it is genuine I have no doubt. The handwriting is precisely +similar to a note sent with a copy of the <i>Mysterious Mother</i> +to Mr. Parsons, in which Horace Walpole writes, "he is unwilling to +part with a copy without protesting against his own want of +judgment in selecting so disgusting a subject; the absurdity of +which he believes makes many faults of which he is sensible in the +execution overlooked." It is also guaranteed by its +date,—"Paris, July 28. 1771." By reference to his +correspondence with Sir H. Mann (vol. ii. p. 163.), we find a +letter dated July 6, 1771, in which he writes, "I am not gone; I do +go to-morrow;" and in his <i>General Correspondence</i>, vol. v. p. +303., writing to John Chute, his letter is dated from Amiens, July +9. 1771, beginning, "I am got no farther yet;" and he returned to +Arlington Street, September 6. 1771, having arrived at Paris on the +10th of July, and quitted it on the 2nd of September. I notice the +dates, as they indicate the rate of travelling in some degree at +that period. The Query is, to whom was it addressed? There is +nothing on the original to indicate the person. The letter is of no +great importance, except as it shows that Walpole, under certain +conditions of being, was more earnest and sincere than perhaps was +in his nature, or was generally his wont.</p> +<p class="author">SPENCER HALL.</p> +<p>Athenæum, Feb. 25. 1850.</p> +<p>"Paris, July 28. 1771.</p> +<p>"Dear S'r.</p> +<p>"I have received no letter from my brother, and consequently +have no answer to make to him. I shall only say that after entering +into a solemn engagement with me, that we should dispose of the +places alternately, I can scarce think him serious, when he tells +you he has made an <i>entirely</i> new arrangement for ALL the +places, expects I shoud concur in it; and after that, is so good as +to promise he will dispose of no more without consulting me. If He +is so absolutely master of all, my concurrence is not necessary, +<i>and I will give none</i>. If he chuses to dispose of the places +without me, That matter with others <i>more important</i>, must be +regulated in another manner,—and it is time they shoud, when +no agreement is kept with me, and I find objections made which, +upon the fullest discussion and after allowance of the force of my +arguments and right, had been given up twenty years ago.</p> +<p>"With regard to your letter, S'r, some parts of it are, I +protest, totally unintelligible to me. Others, which I think I do +understand, require a much fuller answer than I have time to give +now, as the post goes out to-morrow morning. That answer will +contain matter not at all fit for the Post, and which I am sure you +woud not wish shoud be handled there; for which reason I shall +defer it, till I can give my answer at length into your own hands. +It will, I believe, surprize both you and my brother; and show how +unkindly I have been <span class="pagenum"><a name="page274" id= +"page274"></a>{274}</span> treated after doing everything to +accommodate both. As to the conditions which you say, S'r, you +intend to exact from my brother, you will undoubtedly state them to +him himself; and cannot expect I should meddle with them or be +party to them. Neither you nor he can imagine that I am quite so +tame an idiot as to enter into bonds for persons of <i>his</i> +recommendation. If the office is <i>his</i>, he must be answerable +for it, and for all the persons he employs in it. I protest against +every thing that is not my own act—a consequence he perhaps +did not foresee, when he chose, contrary to his agreement with me, +to engross the whole disposition. I have always known clearly what +is my own right and on what founded; and have acted strictly +according to my right, and am ready to justify every step of my +conduct. I have sufficiently shown my disposition to peace, and +appeal to you yourself, S'r, and to my brother, whether either can +charge me with the least encroachment beyond my right; and whether +I have not acquiesced in every single step that either has desired +of me. Your letter, S'r, and that you quote of my brother, have +shown how necessary it is for me to take the measure I am +determined to take. I would have done any thing to oblige either +you or my brother, but I am not to be threatened out of my right in +any shape. I know when it is proper to yield and when to take my +stand. I refused to accept the place for my own life when it was +offered to me: when I declined <i>that</i>, it is not probable that +I would hold the place to the wrong of anybody else; it will and +<i>must</i> be seen who claims any part or prerogatives of the +place unjustly; my honour demands to have this ascertained, and I +will add, that when I scorned a favour, I am not likely to be +intimidated by a menace.</p> +<p>"I say all this coolly and deliberately, and my actions will be +conformable. I do not forget my obligations to you, dear S'r, or to +your dead brother, whose memory will ever be most dear to me. +Unkind expressions shall not alter the affection I have for you and +your family, nor am I so unreasonable, so unjust, or so absurd as +not to approve your doing every thing you think right for your own +interest and security and for those of your family. What I have to +say hereafter will prove that these not only are but <i>ever have +been</i> my sentiments. I shall then appeal to your own truth +whether it is just in you to have used some expressions in your +letter, but as I mean to act with the utmost circumspection and +without a grain of resentment to <i>anybody</i>, I shall say no +more till I have had full time to weigh every word I shall use, and +every step I mean to take. In the meantime I am,</p> +<p>"Dear S'r,</p> +<p>"Yr obliged humble serv't,</p> +<p>"HOR. WALPOLE.</p> +<p>"P.S. My refusal of the patent for my life has shown what value +I set upon it; but <i>I will</i> have justice, especially for my +character, which no consideration upon earth shall prevent my +seeking. It must and shall be known whether I enjoy the place to +the wrong of any man living. You have my free consent, S'r, to show +this letter to whom you please; I have nothing to conceal, and am +ready to submit my conduct to the whole world."</p> +<hr /> +<h3>LADY ARABELLA STUART.</h3> +<p>As a pendant to Mr. P. Cunningham's "New Facts about Lady +Arabella Stuart" (No. 1. p. 10.). I send you a copy of Bishop +James' Account and Quietus in respect of 300<i>l.</i>, placed in +his hands "for the expences of dyett and other chardges of the +Ladye Arabella Seymour comytted to his safe kepinge." The original +document is in my possession.</p> +<p class="author">ROBT. COLE. Feb. 11, 1850.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>The Accompte of the Lorde Byshopp of Durham for cccli, +receaved for the chardge of the Ladye Arbella Seymour.</i></p> +<p>"The Declaration of the Accompte of the Reverende Father in God +Will'm James Lorde Bysshoppe of Duresme for the some of Three +hundreth poundes imprested to him out of the Receipte of the Kinges +ma^ts Exchequer at Westmynster for the expences of dyett and other +chardges of the Ladye Arbella Seymour comytted to his safe kepinge +w^th an inteneon to have caryed into the Bysshoprycke of Duresme +there to have remayned under his chardge duringe the Kynges ma^ts +pleasure, viz^t betweene the xiiij^th of Marche 1610 in the viij^th +year of his highnes raigne and the last daye of the same moneth as +followeth.</p> +<p>"<i>Readye money receaved, viz. of</i></p> +<p>"The Threasorer and vnder threr. of Th'exchequer in Mychas terme +in the viijth yeare of the Kinges ma'ts raigne by t'handes of +Thomas Wattson Esquire one of the Tell'rs for the chardges of +himselfe and his servaunts in his yorney w'th the saide Ladye +Arbella Seymour by pvie Seale dated the xiij of March 1610 and Lves +of the Lordes of the Councell ...<i>cccli</i>. whereof</p> +<p>"<i>Expences of dyett and other chardges of the Ladye Arabella +Seymour & others attendinge upon her, viz</i>.</p> +<p>"<i>Expences of dyett</i></p> +<p>"At Highgate for sixe dayes begonne the xvth daye of Marche 1610 +and ended the xxjst of the same moneth on w'ch daye her Ladyshippe +remoued to Barnett. xviij<i>li.</i> v<i>s.</i> lij<i>d.</i></p> +<p>"At Barnett for xj^en dayes begonne the xxjst of Marche 1610 at +Supper and ended the firste of Aprill 1611 at breakefaste beinge +that daye remoued to Eastbarnett. lxxj<i>li.</i> v<i>s.</i> +viij<i>d.</i></p> +<p>"<i>Chardges of y^e Stable, viz</i>.</p> +<p>"Chardges of the Stable for the xvij dayes aboue-menconed, viz. +at Highgate for vj dayes ix<i>li.</i> xvij<i>s.</i> x<i>d.</i> and +at Barnett for xj dayes with v<i>s.</i> for dressinge one of the +lytter horses xxviij<i>li.</i> xij<i>s.</i> xj<i>d.</i>, in all the +some of xxxviij<i>li.</i> x<i>s.</i> ix<i>d.</i></p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page275" id= +"page275"></a>{275}</span> +<p>"<i>Lodginge and other necessaries, viz.</i></p> +<p>"Lodginge of some of the retinewe of the Lady Arbella and the +sayde Lorde Bysshoppe, viz. Highgate xxs. and at Barnett +viij<i>s.</i>, in all xxviij<i>s.</i></p> +<p>"Fyer lightes and other nessces with the lodginge of the saide +Lorde Bysshoppe and some of his servauntes at Highgate and Barnett +during the xvij dayes aforesaide. xj<i>li.</i> xj<i>s.</i></p> +<p>"Rydinge and postinge chardges, viz. for posthorses from Lambeth +to Highgate xxxiiij<i>s.</i> iiij<i>d.</i> and from thence to +Barnett xxxiiij<i>s.</i> ix<i>d.</i> Mr. Beeston and others for +there chardges three several tymes to Barnett from London and from +Highgate xlj<i>s.</i> iiij<i>d.</i> the servauntes of the Lorde +Bysshoppe of Durham sent at several tymes in the Lordes of the +Councell and for other busynesses concerning this servyce +xlv<i>s.</i> vj<i>d.</i> and to Sr. James Crofes Knight for the +chardges of himselfe his men and horses from Monday to Wednesday +night attendinge at London for this service xlij<i>s.</i> +vij<i>d.</i>, in all ix<i>li.</i> xviij<i>s.</i> vj<i>d.</i></p> +<p>"Rewardes to sondrye psons, viz. to messengers sent from the +Courte duringe the stay of the Lorde Bysshoppe at Highgate and +Barnett xxxix<i>s.</i> vj<i>d.</i> Dyverse psons whoe tooke paynes +at those twoe places vij<i>li.</i> xij<i>s.</i>, vj<i>d.</i>, given +in the Yune for glasses broken and in rewardes to the meaner +servauntes at Barnett xxx<i>s.</i>, given to such an attended about +the posthorses vij<i>s.</i> vj<i>d.</i> and in rewarde to one of +the Tellors Clerkes whoe told and delivered the ccc<i>li.</i> and +came to Durham House for the acquittance xx<i>s.</i>, in all +xij<i>li.</i>, ix<i>s.</i> vj<i>d.</i></p> +<p>"Money payde by the saide Lorde Bysshoppe pte of the +ccc<i>li.</i> by him receaved to Nicholas Paye gen. whoe hath for +the same yelded his accompte to the Kinges ma'tie. +c<i>li.</i>.—cclxiij<i>li.</i> viij<i>s.</i> +viij<i>d.</i></p> +<p>"Aud soe remayneth the some of xxxvj<i>li.</i> xj<i>s.</i> +iiij<i>d.</i></p> +<p>"Whiche some the saide Lorde Bysshoppe of Durham hath payde into +the Kinges m'ts receipte of Th'excheq'r the vij'th daye of +Februarie in the nynth yere of his highnes raigne as by the tallie +thereof remayninge may appeare. And soe here Quyte.</p> +<p>"EX p FRA GOFTON</p> +<p>"Auditorem."</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<h3>THE NAME MARTEL.</h3> +<p>I must confess that the article in No. 6. p. 86., which deprived +Charles Martel of his long-possessed distinction of "the hammerer" +gave me but little satisfaction. It was one of those old +associations that one does not like to have destroyed. I could not, +however, contradict your correspondents; and remained that very +uncomfortable person, "a man convinced against his will." On +turning over my Ménagiana, yesterday, I stumbled upon the +name "Martel," and, as the passage combines both your elements +(being a good note, and producing a query) I beg leave to offer it +to you.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Dans le ll'me siècle les procès se +faisaìent aux vassaux par leurs Pairs, c'est-à-dire, +par leurs convassaux, et toute sorte de procès se font +encore présentement en Angleterre à toutes sortes +d'accusés par leurs Pairs, c'est-à-dire, par des +personnes de leur même état et de leur même +condition, à la réserve des Bourreaux et des +Bouchers, qui, à cause de leur cruauté ne sont point +juges. <i>Géoffroi Martel</i>, Comte d'Anjou, fit faire +ainsi le procès à Guérin de Craon, qu'il avait +fait foi et hommage de la Baronnie de Craon à Conan, duc de +Bretange. Géoffroi fit assembler ses Barons, qui, selon +l'ancienne forme observée en matière féodale, +firent le procès à Guérin, son vassal, et le +condamnèrent, quoiqu'il fùt absent.—Et il est +à remarquer à ce propos, que le Pape Innocent III., +qui favourisait Jean <i>sans-Terre</i>, parcequ'en 1213 il avait +soûmis son royaume d'Angleterre au Saint Siége au +devoir de mille marcs d'argent par an, ayant allegué aus +Ambassadeurs de Philippe Auguste que Jean <i>sans-Terre</i> avait +été condammé absent, et que les loix +défendent de condamner les accusés sans les +ouïr; ils lui réspondirent que l'usage du Royaume de +France était de condamner les absents, aussi bien que les +présents, lorqu'ils avaient été deuëment +cités en jugement. Chez les Romains il n'était par +permis de condamner les absents: <i>Non licet civem inauditum +damnare.</i>"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Now, Sir, this passage shows "<i>Martel</i>," as a name, like +that of "sans-Terre," bestowed for some quality or circumstances +attached to the bearer;—and I should like to ask your +correspondents if they know how this Comte d'Anjou, became entitled +to it? He appears, from the date, to be the same Geoffrey who is +the ancestor of our Plantagenets, as the Comte d'Anjou, +contemporary with William the Conqueror, was named Fulk. If it can +be proved that this Count received this addition from his martial +prowess, I shall be strongly tempted to return to my creed +regarding Charles Martel.</p> +<p class="author">W. ROBSON.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>QUERIES AS TO JUNIUS.</h3> +<p>Amongst the letters attributed to Junius, and, in the opinion of +Dr. Good, most certainly his production, is one signed "ATTICUS," +under date of the 19th Aug. 1768, which contains an allusion to the +private affairs of the writer, by no means unimportant. It is as +follows:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The greatest part of my property having been invested in the +funds, I could not help paying some attention to rumours or events +by which my fortune might be affected: yet I never lay in wait to +take advantage of a sudden fluctuation, much less would I make +myself a bubble to bulls and bears, or a dupe to the pernicious +arts practised in the Alley. I thought a prudent man, who had any +thing to lose, and really meant to do the best for himself and his +family, ought to consider the state of things at large, of the +prospect before him, and the probability of public events. <i>A +letter which appeared some days ago in the Public Advertizer</i> +revived many serious reflections of this sort in my mind, because +it seemed to be written with candour and judgment. <i>The effect of +those reflections was, that I did not hesitate to alter the +situation of my property.</i></p> +<p>"I owe my thanks to that writer that I am safely <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page276" id="page276"></a>{276}</span> +<i>landed</i> from a troubled ocean of fear and anxiety on which I +think I will venture my fortune and my happiness again," &c. +&c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>There is no reason to question the truth of these sentiments. +The letter is believed to be the first which appeared signed +"ATTICUS," and was written many months before the author became +known as Junius, and before any necessity had arisen for the +exercise of that habitual caution which he afterwards evinced in +the mention of any circumstance at all likely to lead to his +detection. Would it not, therefore, be worth while to ascertain the +date of the letter in the <i>Public Advertizer</i> which influenced +him, and then to search the names of the transferrors of stock +between that time and the 19th August? Many of the contributors to +the "Notes and Queries" have influence sufficient to obtain +permission from the proper authority for such a search. It is +observable, that as the amount <i>transferred</i> formed the +<i>greatest part</i> of his property, it would be somewhat +considerable, and might not be sold in the aggregate, but pass in +various sums to several purchasers.</p> +<p class="author">JNO. SUDLOW. Manchester.</p> +<p><i>Junius and Sir G. Jackson.</i>—I find no one has +answered my question about Sir George Jackson (No. 11. p. 172.). I +will therefore put another. I possess an unpublished letter by +Junius to Woodfall, which once belonged to Sir George Jackson. My +Query is, "Is it likely he could have obtained it from Junius, if +he was neither Junius himself nor a party concerned?" The manner in +which Burke evades the question as to himself being the author of +<i>Junius</i> makes me think two or three were concerned in these +<i>Letters</i>.</p> +<p class="author">P.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NEW EDITION OF REV. DR. OWEN'S WORKS.</h3> +<p>I gladly avail myself of the hint thrown out by "R.R." (in No. +17.) to state that as I am engaged in editing a reprint of the +works of the Rev. Dr. Owen, and as I am exceedingly anxious to +ensure accuracy in the quotations from and references to the +Fathers, any suggestions which may be furnished by those of your +learned correspondents who may be conversant with the works in +question, will be very acceptable. I should wish much to obtain +<i>original editions</i> of the leading works, such as that <i>On +the Person of Christ</i>; <i>On the Work of the Spirit</i>; <i>On +the Death of Death, in the Death of Christ</i>. Have any of your +correspondents ever taken the trouble of collating the Greek and +Latin quotations with the authors quoted from, and examined the +references made to the Fathers and other ancient writers? Any +communication addressed to the editor of the works of Owen at +Messrs. Johnstone and Hunter, Publishers, Edinburgh, will be +promptly forwarded to me.</p> +<p class="author">J.G. Dunnichen, Forfarshire.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>MS. Book of Hours.</i>—In the sale catalogue of the +library of John Bridges, of Lincoln's Inn, February, 1725, is +entered Lot 4311:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Missale quondam Henrici VII., regis Angliæ, ut ex ipsius +autographo in codicis initio patet, pulcherrime illuminatum, et +inconibus fere 80 exornatum. In pergameno, et ornatissime +compact."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>It appears, from Wanley's <i>Diary</i> (MS. Lansd. 772.), that +this volume, which he calls a <i>Primer</i>, was purchased for the +Earl of Oxford (for 31<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i>, as I learn from a +priced copy of the catalogue), and was highly valued. To judge from +the above description, it must have been a very beautiful book; and +as it does not seem to be at present among the Harleian collection +of MSS. in the British Museum, I should be glad to learn into whose +hands it has fallen. It is <i>not</i> the celebrated volume of +<i>Hours</i> known under the name of the <i>Bedford Missal</i>, +since that was purchased by Lord Harley of Lady Worseley, and is +now in the possession of the Rev. Mr. Tobin;—nor is it the +book of <i>Hours</i> in the library of the Duke of Devonshire +(described by Dr. Dibbin in the <i>Bibl. Decameron</i>, vol. i. p. +155.), which contains the autograph notes of Henry VII.;—nor +is it the similar volume formerly in the libraries of George +Wilkinson, of Tottenham Green (sold in 1836), and the Rev. Will. +Maskell, and now MS. Add. 17,012. in the British Museum, in which +are seen the autographs of Henry VII. and his Queen, Henry VIII., +Catherine of Aragon, and others;—nor is it the beautiful +volume of <i>Hours</i> executed for René d'Anjou, and +subsequently presented to Henry VII. by his chaplain George +Strangeways, Archdeacon of Coventry (now in the British Museum, MS. +Eg. 1070.);—nor, lastly, is it the book of <i>Hours</i> in +the collection of George III. (No. 9.), which contains the +autograph writing of Henry VIII.</p> +<p class="author">F.M. B.M., Feb. 19. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Bess of Hardwick.</i>—Elizabeth, or Bess of Hardwick, +celebrated for her distaste for celibacy, makes a considerable +figure in the histories of the Cavendish family, who in some degree +owed their greatness to her judicious purchases and careful +management of their Derbyshire estates.</p> +<p>It appears, from the <i>Derbyshire Visitations</i>, that she was +one of the daughters of John Hardwick, of Hardwick co. Derby, by +his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Leake, of Hasland co. Derby, +and that John Hardwick died 19 Hen. VIII.</p> +<p>Can any of your readers inform me of the pedigree of this John +Hardwick?—what arms, crest, motto and quarterings he made use +of?—what persons now living are descended from him?—and +what became of his estates?</p> +<p>I presume that your typographical arrangements <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page277" id="page277"></a>{277}</span> do not +admit of the insertion of a regular pedigree; but the descents may +be stated as in Burke and similar Books.</p> +<p class="author">GULES</p> +<p><i>Cæsar's Wife.</i>.—"NASO" wishes to know where +the proverbial saying, "Cæsar's wife must not even be +suspected," first occurs.</p> +<p><i>Minar's Books of Antiquities.</i>—Can any one +conversant with the works of Cardinal Nicolas de Cusa inform me +what author he quotes as "Minar in his Books of Antiquities," in +what language, and where existing? <i>De Doctâ +Ignorantiâ</i>, I. i. cap. 7.</p> +<p class="author">A.N.</p> +<p><i>Proverb against Physicians.</i>—"M.D." wishes to be +informed of the earliest writer who mentions the proverb "Ubi tres +Medici, duo Athei."</p> +<p><i>Compendyous Olde Treatyse.</i>—In Ames's +<i>Typographical Antiquities</i>, vol. i. p. 405. (ed. Herbert), is +described a work, printed by Rycharde Banckes, some time between +1525 and 1545, entitled, "A compendyous olde treatyse shewynge howe +that we ought to have the Scripture in Englyshe, with the +Auctours." 12mo. 18 leaves. This copy belonged to Herbert himself, +and was probably obtained at the sale of Thomas Granger, in 1732. +Any information as to its wherabout at present, or the existence of +any other copy of the above tract, would confer a fabour on the +inquirer.</p> +<p class="author">F.M.</p> +<p><i>The Topography of Foreign Printing Presses.</i>—I have +often been at a loss to discover the locality of names which +designate the places where books have been printed at Foreign +presses; and "when found" to "make a note of it." I was therefore +pleased to find in No. 16. p. 251., by the reply of "R.G." to Mr. +Jebb, that "<i>Cosmopolis</i> was certainly Amsterdam," and that +"Coloniæ" signifies "Amstelædami." And I will take the +liberty of suggesting that it would be an acceptable service +rendered to young students, if your learned correspondents would +occasionally communicate in the pages of your work, the modern +names, &c. of such places as are not easily gathered from the +books themselves.</p> +<p class="author">P.H.F.</p> +<p><i>Cromwell's Estates.</i>—In Carlyle's edition of +<i>Cromwell's Letters and Speeches</i>, there is a note (p. 75. +vol. iv. of the 3rd ed. 1850) containing a list of the estates +which the Protector owned at the time of his death, as follows; +there being, besides Newhall, specified as "in Essex," five, +viz.—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Dalby,</p> +<p>Broughton,</p> +<p>Burleigh,</p> +<p>Oakham, and</p> +<p>Egleton."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>of which the editor has ascertained the localities; and six, +viz.—</p> +<table summary="Estates" align="center"> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td align="right">£</td> +<td align="right">s.</td> +<td align="right">d</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Gower, valued at</td> +<td align="right">479</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +<td align="right">0 per an.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Chepstall valued at</td> +<td align="right">549</td> +<td align="right">7</td> +<td align="right">3</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Magore valued at</td> +<td align="right">448</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Sydenham valued at</td> +<td align="right">3121</td> +<td align="right">9</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Woolaston valued at</td> +<td align="right">664</td> +<td align="right">16</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Chaulton valued at</td> +<td align="right">500</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p>of which, he say, "he knows nothing."</p> +<p>It would surely be a proper, and, one might hope, an attainable +object of inquiry, to search out these unplaced estates of the +great Protector, and give them a local habitation in modern +knowledge. This is precisely one of the kind of queries which your +publication seems best fitted to aid; and I therefore submit it, in +the hope of some discoveries, to your correspondents.</p> +<p class="author">V. Belgravia, Feb. 18, 1850.</p> +<p><i>What are Depinges?</i>—In the orders made in 1574 for +regulating the fishery at Yarmouth, the Dutch settlers there are +"To provide themselves with twine and <i>depinges</i> in foreign +places." What are Depinges?</p> +<p class="author">J.S.B.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>REPLIES</h2> +<h3>ORIGIN OF THE JEWS-HARP.</h3> +<p>The "Jews-harp," or "Jews-trump," is said by several authors to +derive its name from the nation of the Jews, and is vulgarly +believed to be one of their instruments of music. Dr. Littleton +renders Jews-trump by <i>Sistrum Judaicum</i>. But no such musical +intrument is spoken of by any of the old authors that treat of the +Jewish music. In fact, the Jews-harp is a mere boy's plaything, and +incapable of in itself of being joined either with a voice or any +other instrument; and its present orthography is nothing more than +a corruption of the French <i>Jeu-trompe</i>, literally, a toy +trumpet. It is called <i>jeu-trompe</i> by Bacon, <i>Jew-trump</i> +by Beaumont and Fletcher, and <i>Jews-harp</i> by Hackluyt. In a +rare black-letter volume, entitled <i>Newes from Scotland</i>, +1591, there is a curious story of one Geilles Duncan, a noted +performer on the "Jews-harp," whose performance seems not only to +have met with the approval of a numerous audience of witches, but +to have been repeated in the presence of royalty, and by command of +no less a personage than the "Scottish Solomon," king James VI. +Agnes Sampson being brought before the king's majesty and his +council, confessed that</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Upon the night of All-hallow-even last, shee was accompanied as +well with the persons aforesaid, as also with a great many other +witches, to the number of two-hundredth; and that all they together +went to sea, each one in a riddle or sive, and went into the same +very substantially, with flaggons of wine, making merrie, and +drinking by the way, in the same riddle or sives, to the Kirk of +North Barrick in Lowthian; and that after <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page278" id="page278"></a>{278}</span> they had +landed, tooke handes on the lande and daunced this reill or short +daunce, singing all with one voice,</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"'Commer goe ye before, commer goe ye:</p> +<p class="i2">Gif ye will not goe before, commer let me.'</p> +</div> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p>"At which time, she confessed that this Geilles Duncan (a +servant girl) did goe before them, playing this reill or daunce +uppon a small <i>trumpe</i> called a <i>Jews-trumpe</i>, until they +entred into the Kirk of North Barrick. These confessions made the +King in a wonderfull admiration, and sent for the said Geilles +Duncan, who upon the like <i>trumpe</i> did play the saide daunce +before the Kinge's Majestie; who in respect of the strangenes of +these matters tooke great delight to be present at their +examinations."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>It may be as well to mention that in the Belgic or Low Dutch, +from whence come many of our toys, a <i>tromp</i> is a rattle for +children. Another etymon for <i>Jews-harp</i> is <i>Jaws-harp</i>, +because the place where it is played upon is between the jaws. To +those who wish to learn more upon the subject, I beg to refer them +to Pegge's <i>Anonymiana</i>; Dauncy's <i>Ancient Scottish +Melodies</i>; and to my edition of Chettle's <i>Kind-Harts +Dream</i> printed by the Percy Society.</p> +<p class="author">Edward F. Rimbault.</p> +<p class="note">[We are indebted also to Trebor, E.W.D., J.F.M., +and F.P. for replies to this Query. They will perceive that Dr. +Rimbault had anticipated the substance of their several +communications.]</p> +<hr /> +<h3>ÆLFRIC'S COLLOQUY.</h3> +<p>I must trouble you and some of your readers with a few words, in +reply to the doubt of "C.W.G." (No. 16. p. 248.) respecting the +word <i>sprote</i>. I do not think the point, and the Capital +letter to <i>saliu</i> in the Latin text, conclusive, as nothing of +the kind occurs in the A.-S. version, where the reading is clearly, +"<i>swa hwylce swa</i>, on watere swymmath sprote." I have seen the +Cottonian MS., which, as Mr. Hampson observes, is very distinctly +written, both in the Saxon and Latin portions; so much so in the +latter, as to make it a matter of surprise that the doubtful word +<i>saliu</i> should ever have been taken for <i>salu</i>, or +<i>casidilia</i> for <i>calidilia</i>. The omission of the words +<i>sprote</i> and <i>saliu</i>, in the St. John's MS., would only +be evidence of a more cautious scribe, who would not copy what he +did not understand.</p> +<p>Your correspondent's notion, "that the name of some fish, having +been first interlined, was afterwards inserted at random in the +text, and mis-spelt by a transcriber who did know its meaning," +appears to me very improbable; and the very form of the words +(<i>sprote</i>, <i>saliu</i>, supposing them substantives), which +have not plural terminations, would, in my mind, render his +supposition untenable. For, be it recollected, that throughout the +answers of the Fiscere, the fish are always named in the +<i>plural</i>; and it is not to be supposed that there would be an +exception in favour of <i>sprote</i>, whether intended for +<i>sprat</i> or <i>salmon</i>. Indeed, had the former been a river +fish, Hulvet and Palsgrave would have countenanced the supposition; +but then we must have had it in the plural form, <i>sprottas</i>. +As for the suggestion of <i>sprod</i> and <i>salar</i>, I cannot +think it a happy one; salmon (<i>leaxus</i>) had been already +mentioned; and <i>sprods</i> will be found to be a very confined +local name for what, in other places, are called <i>scurfes</i> or +<i>scurves</i>, and which we, in our ignorance, designate as salmon +trout. In the very scanty A.-S. ichthyologic nomenclature we +possess, there is nothing to lead us to imagine that our +Anglo-Saxon ancestors had any corresponding word for a salmon +trout. I must be excused, therefore, for still clinging to my own +explanation of <i>sprote</i>, until something more <i>specious</i> +and <i>ingenious</i> shall be advanced, but in full confidence, at +the same time, that some future discovery will elucidate its +truth.</p> +<p class="author">S.W. Singer.</p> +<p>Feb. 19. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>REHETING AND REHETOURS.</h3> +<p>As Dr. Todd's query (no. 10. p. 155.) respecting the meaning of +the words "Reheting" and "Rehetour," used by our early English +writers, has not hitherto been answered, I beg to send him a +conjectural explanation, which, if not conclusive, is certainly +probable.</p> +<p>In the royal household of France, there was formerly an officer +whose duty it was to superintend the roasting of the King's meat; +he was called the <i>Hâteur</i>, apparently in the sense of +his "hastening" or "expediting" that all-important operation. The +Fr. <i>Hâter</i>, "to hasten or urge forward," would produce +the noun-substantive <i>Hâteur</i>; and also the similar word +<i>Hâtier</i>, the French name for the roast-jack. If we +consider <i>Rehâteur</i> to be the reduplicate of +<i>Hâteur</i>, we have only to make an allowable permutation +of vowels, and the result will be the expressive old English word +"Rehetour," an appropriate name for the royal turnspit. Wycliffe +uses it, I think, in the sense of a superfluous servant, one whose +duties, like the Hâteur's, were very light indeed. He +compares the founding of new Orders in an overburthened +Church-establishment to the making of new offices in a household +already crowded with useless (and consequently idle and vicious) +servants. The multitude of fat friars and burly monks charged upon +the community were "the newe rehetours that ete mennes mete," +&c.</p> +<p>The term, thus implying an useless "do-nothing," would soon +become one of the myriad of choice epithets in the vulgar +vocabulary, as in the instances from Dunbar and Kennedy.</p> +<p>In a better sense, a verb would be derived, easily; "to +rehâte," or "rehete," <i>i.e.</i> "to provide, <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page279" id="page279"></a>{279}</span> +entertain, or refresh with meat," and thence, "to feast with +words," as used by Chaucer and the old Romancists.</p> +<p>Mr. Halliwell's authorities for rendering the participle +"Rehating" by "Burning, or smarting," are not given; but if such a +meaning existed, it may have a ready explanation by reference to +the Hâuteur's fireside labour, though suggestive of +unskilfulness or carelessness on his part.</p> +<p class="author">John Westby Gibson.</p> +<p>5. Queen Square, Aldersgate Street, Feb. 8. 1850.</p> +<p>In answer to Dr. Todd's inquiries, I would say, first of all, +the "rehatours" of Douglas and the other Scots are beside his +question, and a totally different word. Feelings cherished in the +mind will recur from time to time; and those malevolent persons, +who thus retain them, were said to <i>re-hate</i>, as they are now +said to re-sent.</p> +<p>But the verb really in question is, <i>per se</i>, a perfectly +plain one, to re-heat. The difficulty is as to its use. The primary +use, of course, is to <i>heat again</i>. The nearest secondary use +is "to cherish, cheer, or comfort, to refocillate;" which is too +plain to require more words. Another secondary meaning is "to +re-vive or to re-kindle" in its metaphoric sense. This may be said +well, as of life, health, or hope; or ill, as of war, hatred, +grief; or indifferently, as of love. What difficulty Mr. Tyrwhitt +could find in "the revival of Troilus's bitter grief" being called +"the reheating of his sore sighs," I cannot imagine. Even literal +heat is not wanting to sighs, and is often ascribed to them by +poets: and lovers' sighs are warm in every sense. I think Tyrwhitt +has thrown upon this passage the only darkness that involves +it.</p> +<p>Now comes the more difficult point, which alone concerns Dr. +Todd in his highly interesting labours upon Wycliffe. And the +method which, until better advised, I should be inclined to follow +with those passages, is to take the word nearly, though not +exactly, in what seems to have been its most usual sense; not +indeed for comforters or cherishers, but for those who promote +comfort and convenience, viz., ministers or servants. It does not +at all follow, because he is blaming the introduction of these +persons as expensive, superfluous, and otherwise evil, that he +describes them by a word expressive of evil. As a ministering angel +would be a reheting angel, so I take a rehetor here to be simply a +minister, one who waits upon your occasions and serves you.</p> +<p class="author">A.N.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>ARABIC NUMERALS.</h3> +<p>The history of the Arabic numerals, as they are generally +called, is so mixed up with that of the use of the decimal scale, +that they form, in fact, but a single inquiry. The mere history of +the bare forms of symbols has, doubtless, its use: but then it is +only in the character of <i>matériel</i> for a philosophical +discussion of the question—a discussion into which the +natural progress of the human mind and the urgency of social wants +must enter largely.</p> +<p>It might at first sight appear, from the cognate character of +the Hebrew and Arabic languages, that the idea of using a single +symbol for each number, might originate with either—with one +as likely as with the other. But on reflection it will readily +appear that the question rather resolves itself into one respecting +the "hand-cursive" of the Jews and Saracens, than into one +respecting the constitution of the languages. Of the Jewish we know +nothing, or next to nothing, at the period in question; whilst the +Arabic is as well known as even our own present style of +calligraphy. It deserves to be more carefully inquired into than +has yet been done, whether the invention of contracting the written +compound symbols of the digital numbers into single symbols did not +really originate amongst the Jews rather than the Saracens; and +even whether the Arabs themselves did not obtain them from the "Jew +merchants" of the earlier ages of our era. One thing is tolerably +certain:—that the Jew merchant would, as a matter of +precaution, keep all his accounts in some secret notation, or in +cipher. Whether this should be a modified form of the Hebrew +notation, or of the Latin, must in a great degree depend upon the +amount of literary acquirement common amongst that people at the +time.</p> +<p>Assuming that the Jews, as a literate people, were upon a par +with their Christian contemporaries, and that their knowledge was +mainly confined to mere commercial notation, an anonymous writer +has shown how the modifications of form could be naturally made, in +vol. ii. of the <i>Bath and Bristol Magazine</i>, pp. 393-412.; the +motto being <i>valent quanti valet</i>, as well as the title +professing it to be wholly "conjectural." Some of the speculations +in it may, however, deserve further considerations than they have +yet received.<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href= +"#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a></p> +<p>The contraction of the compound symbols for the first nine +digits into single "figures," enabled the computer to dispense with +the manual labour of the <i>abacus</i>, whilst in his graphic +notation he retained its essential principle of <i>place</i>. It +seems to be almost invariably forgotten by writers on <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page280" id="page280"></a>{280}</span> the +subject, what, without <i>this principle</i>, no improvement in +mere notation would have been of material use in arithmetic; and on +the other hand that the main difference between the arithmetic of +the <i>abacus</i> and the arithmetic of the <i>slate</i>, consists +in the inevitable consequences of the denotation of the single +digits by single symbols.</p> +<p>The <i>abacus</i>, however, in its ordinary form, is essentially +a decimal instrument: but its form was also varied for commercial +purposes, perhaps in different ways. I never heard of the existence +of one in any collection: but there is preserved in the British +Museum a picture of one. This was printed by Mr. Halliwell in his +<i>Rara Mathematica</i>—not a fac-simile, but a rule and type +representation of it, ciphers being used by him for the circles in +the original. Mr. Halliwell gives it without note or remark; and +evidently had not divined its meaning. This was done, however, soon +after in a review of Mr. Halliwell's book in the <i>Philosophical +Magazine</i>. I am not able at this moment to refer to either, so +as to give exact dates: but is was somewhere from 1838 to 1840.</p> +<p>Perhaps, however, I am giving "E.V." information that may be +irrelevant to his purpose; though it may of some use to another +class of inquirers. I proceed, therefore, to one or two notices +that seem to have a more direct bearing on his object:</p> +<p>1. Chasles' <i>Aperçu Historique sur l'Origine et le +Développement de Méthodes en +Géométrie</i>; passim, but especially in note xii.: +4to., Bruxelles, 1837.</p> +<p>2. Chasles' several notices in <i>Comptes Rendus des +Séances de l'Acad. des Sciences.</i> All subsequent to the +"Aperçu."</p> +<p>His <i>Catalogue des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque de +Ville de Chartres</i> should also be consulted, if accessible to +"E.V." Copies of it, however, are very rare in the country, as it +was privately printed and never published. If, however, your +correspondent have any serious inquiry in view which should render +his consultation of it desirable, I can put it in his power to do +so personally through you.</p> +<p>3. Libri, several notices in the same series of papers.</p> +<p>4. Libri, <i>Histoire des Sciences Mathématiques en +Italie</i>. Several places. Bactulica. Paris, 1838-1841. 4 tomes. +8vo.</p> +<p>5. Peacock (Dean of Ely), "Arithmetic," in the +<i>Encyclopædia Metropolitana</i>. This is now, I believe to +be had either separately, or in the volume devoted to pure +"Mathematics."</p> +<p>6. De Morgan, <i>Penny Cyclopædia</i> in loc., and +occasionally elsewhere in the work.</p> +<p>7. Leslie's <i>Philosophy of Arithmetic</i>.</p> +<p>8. Humboldt, in a paper which is translated in the <i>Journal of +the Royal Institution</i>, vol. xxix.</p> +<p>I believe a good many other references might be made, with +little trouble, to foreign Mémoires; and (perhaps still more +to your correspondent's apparent purpose) to some amongst the +Mémoires that relate to inscriptions and topography, rather +that amongst those relating directly to science or literature. +However, the two parts of the subject cannot be effectively studied +separately from each other; and I am not without a hope that these +straggling notes may be of some use to "E.V."</p> +<p>Under the view of inscriptions it occurs to my memory that in +two or three places on the church of St. Brelade in Jersey, there +are marked four vertical straight lines, which are interpreted by +the natives to signify the Arabic numerals 1111; as the date MCXI +of the building of the church. The church is evidently a very +ancient one, and it is agreed to be the oldest in the island, and +the island historians assign it to the early part of the 12th +century. For these symbols being coeval with the building I do not +vouch: as (though it is difficult to say what may constitute +antiquity in the look of four parallel lines) I confess that to my +eye they had "as modern a look" as four such lines could well have. +The sudden illness of one of my party during our visit (1847), +however, precluded my examining that beautiful spot and its +interesting little church with the care I should have wished.</p> +<p>I may be allowed to suggest the necessity of some degree of +caution in discussing this question: especially not to assume that +any Arabic numerals which appear in ecclesiastical inscriptions are +coeval with the dates they express; but rather inquire whether, +from the condition of the stone bearing the inscription, these +numbers may not have been put there at a later period, during +repairs and alterations of the building itself. It is for many +reasons improbable, rather than otherwise, that the Arabic numerals +should have been freely used (if used at all) on <i>ecclesiastical +structures</i> till long after the Reformation: indeed they are not +so even yet.</p> +<p>But more. Even where there is authentic evidence of such symbols +being used in ecclesiastical inscriptions, the forms of them will +tell nothing. For generally in such cases an antique form of symbol +would be assumed, if it were the alteration of a "learned clerk;" +or the arabesque taste of the carver of the inscription would be +displayed in grotesque forms. We would rather look for genuine than +coeval symbols of this kind upon tombs and monuments, and the +altar, than upon the building itself; and these will furnish +collateral proofs of the genuineness of the entire inscriptions +rather than any other class of architectural remains. The evidence +of the inscriptions on "Balks and beams" in old manorial dwellings +is especially to be suspected.</p> +<p class="author">T.S.D.</p> +<p>Shooter's Hill, Feb 11, 1850.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name= +"footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag1">(return)</a> +<p>In vol. iii. of the same work is another paper by the same +author, entitled, "Conjectures respecting the Origin of Alphabetic +writing," pp. 365-384. Reference to these papers is principally +made, not on the ground of any assumed merit, but because +<i>all</i> that has been written on any given subject ought, if +possible, to be brought before the minds of those engaged in the +prosecution of the inquiry./p></p> +</blockquote> +<p><i>Arabic Numerals.</i>—If you think the following +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page281" id= +"page281"></a>{281}</span> title will do for your correspondent +"E.V." (No. 15. p. 230.), please to communicate it to him:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Mannert, K., de Numerorum, quos arabicos voc., vera origine +pythagorico; e. Fig. aen. 8vo. Nürnberg, 1801."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">Oscar Heun.</p> +<p>Cambridge, Feb. 11. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Arabic Numerals</i> (No. 15. p. 230.).—Your +correspondent should consult Peacock's "History of Arithmetic" in +the <i>Encyclopædia Metropolitana</i>; and, if he can get +them, the notes to Chasles' <i>Aperçu Historique des +Méthodes en Géométric</i>, and various papers +of Mr. Chasles, published in the <i>Comptes Rendus</i> of the +French Institute. He may perhaps find some information in De +Morgan's <i>Arithmetical Books</i>, particularly at p. 14.</p> +<p class="author">M.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>THE FRATERNITY OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE—CHAUCER'S NIGHT +CHARM.</h3> +<p>In a little work by Costanzi, entitled <i>Le Istituzioni di +Pieta che si esercitano in Roma</i>, &c., and published A.D. +1825, in Rome, where the schools under the management of that +brotherhood are in great favour, "C.F.S." will find much to +interest him on the subject, though not exactly in the order in +which he has put his queries (No. 14. p. 214.), nor to their full +extent.</p> +<p>Mr. Thoms, to whom English mediæval literature is so much +beholden, asks very earnestly for some information about "the white +Paternoster" and "seynte Petres soster," (No. 15. p. 229.). Perhaps +the following guesses may not be without use. First, then, about +the "white Paternoster:"</p> +<p>Henry Parker, a Carmelite friar of Doncaster, who wrote his +admirable <i>Compendiouse Treatyse, or Dialogue of Dives and +Pauper</i>, during the reign of Edward IV., speaking against +superstitions, and especially "craftes and conjurations with holy +prayers," says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"They that use holy wordes of the gospel, Pater noster, Ave, or +Crede, or holy prayers in theyr wytchecraftes, for charmes or +conjurations—they make a full hye sacrifice to the fende. It +hath oft ben knowen, that wytches, with sayenge of their Pater +noster and droppynge of the holy candell in a man's steppes that +they hated, hath done his fete rotton of. Dr. What should the Pater +noster, and the holy candell do therto? Pau. Ryght nought. But for +the wytche worshyppeth the fende so highly with the holy prayers, +and with the holy candell, and used suche holy thinges in despyte +of God therefore is the fende redy to do the wytche's wylle and to +fulfyll thinges that they done it for. 'The Fyrst Command,' cap. +XXXV. Fol. 52. Imprynted by T. Berthelet, 1536. 12mo."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>That the Pater noster used sometimes to be said with the wicked +design of working ill to individuals, and by those who were deemed +witches, is clear form the above extract: may not, then, this +"wytche's" Pater noster be the "white" Pater noster, against which +the night-spell in Chaucer was employed? "Wyche" may easily be +imagined to have glided into "white."</p> +<p>"Seynte Petres soster," I suspect has a reference to St. +Petronilla's legend. St. Petronilla, among our forefathers, was +called St. Pernell, and <i>The Golden Lengend</i> imprinted 1527, +by Wynkyn de Word, tells us, fol. cxxxi. b., that she "was doughter +of saynt peter thappostle, whiche was ryght fayre and bewteous, and +by the wyll of her fader she was vexed with fevers and akes." For a +long while she lay bed-ridden. From the name of this saint, who +went through so many years of her life in sickness, perhaps was +borrowed the word "pernell," to mean a person in a sickly weak +state of health, in which sense, Sir Thomas More (<i>Works</i>, +London, 1557, p. 893) employs it, while bantering Tindal. St. +Peter's daughter (St. Pernell) came to be looked upon, in this +country, as the symbol of bad health under all its forms. Now, if +we suppose that the poet mistook, and wrote "soster" instead of +"doughter," we immediately understand the drift of the latter part +of the spell, which was, not only to drive away witchcraft, but +guard all the folks in that house from sickness of every kind.</p> +<p class="author">Daniel Rock.</p> +<p>Buckland, Faringdon.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>By Hook or by Crook—Pokership—Gib +Cat—Emerod.</i>—I regret that very pressing business +has hitherto prevented me from supplying an omission in my +communication relating to the probable derivation of "By Hook or by +Crook;" namely, my authority for saying there was evidence of the +usage I referred to in forest customs. I now beg to supply that +omission, by referring to the numerous claims for fuel wood made by +divers persons at the justice seats held in the reigns of Charles +I. and Charles II. for the New Forest, and which will be found at +the Tower and Chapter House. Among others of these claims, I would +mention that made by the tenant of land in Barnford, No. 112., who +claims to have had the privilege, from <i>time immemorial</i>, of +going into the king's wood to take the <i>dead branches</i> off the +trees therein, "with a cart, a horse, a <i>Hook and a Crook</i>, +and a sail cloth." Verily this necessity for a sail cloth seems to +point very distinctly to his being obliged to collect his fire-wood +"by Hook or by Crook." May I add, that I do not think that any of +the notes I have seen hitherto, with reference to this subject, +invalidate the supposition of the origin being forestal; all that +they <span class="pagenum"><a name="page282" id= +"page282"></a>{282}</span> appear to me to prove is, that the +saying is of long standing.</p> +<p>With reference to the query regarding the word Pokership (No. +12. p. 185.), I would observe, that the word is correctly copied +from the grant, and that it was so spelt in all the previous grants +that I have been able to refer to. As to the meaning of the word, I +am of the opinion that it is intended to express the office of +keeping the hogs in the forest, <i>i.e.</i> Porcarius. Pokership +was probably spelt in early times Pawkership, from Pawn, I +apprehend; subsequently it was either spelt or pronounced +Paukership or Pokership. In corroboration of this view, I would +mention, that on referring to the Pipe Roll, 6 John, county of +<i>Hereford</i>, the following will be found:—"Hubert de +Burgo, Et i libæ const. Parcario de heford, xxxs. vd." If, +however, Parkership be deemed the more correct reading, still it +does not of necessity apply to the custody of a park; it might have +denoted the pound-keeper, for, in matters relating to manors, +<i>parcus</i> means a pound.</p> +<p>With respect to the query about Gib Cat, you will find the +subject treated on largely in the <i>Etymologicon</i>—I may +say, exhausted.</p> +<p>By the bye, there can be no doubt that Emerod means Emerald; +formerly Emerald would be spelt Emeraud, and the transition is +natural to Emerode—Emerod. With regard to the supposed size +being an objection to this reading, it will be found that anciently +the <i>matrix</i> of the Emerald, which is <i>tinged</i> green, +went by the name of the more valuable jewel.</p> +<p class="author">T.R.F.</p> +<p>Spring Gardens, Feb. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Golden Frog</i> (No. 14. p. 214.).—Sir John Poley's +frog may have been a device alluding to his name; I imagine that +Poley is an appelative of frogs. I find in Halliwell's <i>Dict. of +Archaic Words</i>, "<i>Polly</i>wig," and in Jamieson's <i>Scottish +Dictionary</i>, "<i>Pow</i>lick," both meaning <i>tadpole</i>, and +both <i>diminutive</i> forms; and Rowley <i>Poley</i> is closely +(though not very logically) connected with the <i>frog</i> who +would a-wooing go. The word has probably the same root as +<i>poole</i>, <i>puddle</i>, &c.</p> +<p class="author">R.R.</p> +<p><i>Madoc.</i>—In addition to what is stated (No. 4. p. +56.) on this subject, may be noted, that in the MS. Add. 14,957. +British Museum, fol. 149., is a letter from Dr. David Samwell to +the Gwyneddigion Society, dated 23rd March, 1791, in which he +states, that the result of an interview, held by himself and +William Owen with General Bowles, "places the existence of a race +of Welsh Indians beyond all matter of doubt." This race is +identified with <i>Padongas</i> on the Missouri, who are said to be +of a different complexion from the other Indian races, and to have +books, which they were not able to read. Is this information to be +depended on or not?</p> +<p class="author">F.M.</p> +<p><i>MSS. of Sir Roger Twysden</i> (No. 5. p. +76.).—Twysden's MSS. were purchased by Sir Thomas Sebright, +in or before the year 1715, and in the Sebright sale at Leigh and +Sotheby's, in 1807, appear to be two of the MSS. inquired after by +the Rev. L.B. Larking, namely, Lot 1224., "Vita et Epistolæ +Sancti Thomæ, Archiepiscopi Cant." (purchased by Heber, and, +at his sale in 1836, resold [Lot 323.] to Sir Thomas Phillipps), +and Lot 1225., "Epistolæ Beati Anselmi, Archieposcopi Cant.", +purchased by Dardis; but what became of it afterwards I know +not.</p> +<p class="author">F.M.</p> +<p><i>Royal Genealogies</i> (No. 6. p. 92.).—The inquirer +will find, probably, what he requires, in a work by J.F. Dambergen, +entitled, "Sechzig genaealogische auch chronologische und +statistische Tabellen, zu Fürstentafel und Fürstenbuch +der Europäischen Staatengeschichte," fol. Regensburg, 1831, in +which the descents are brought down to a recent period.</p> +<p class="author">F.M.</p> +<p><i>Astle's MSS.</i> (No. 15. p. 230.).—After the death of +Astle, in 1803, his collection of MSS. was purchased, pursuant to +his will, for the sum of 500<i>l.</i>, by the Marquess of +Buckingham, and they remained at Stowe till the spring of last +year, when they passed, with the rest of that noble collection, +into the hands of the Earl of Ashburnham, for the sum of +8000<i>l.</i>;—a loss to the public much to be regretted.</p> +<p class="author">F.M.</p> +<p><i>Dr. Hugh Todd's MSS</i>. (No. 16. p. 246.).—The first +of the five MSS. mentioned by Mr. Walbran, namely, the Chartulary +of Fountains Abbey, is at present in University College, Oxford, +and perhaps some of the other MSS. may be there also. A catalogue +of the MSS. of this College has been printed, compiled by the Rev. +H.O. Coxe, of the Bodleian Library; but I have not been able to +consult a copy of it in London.</p> +<p class="author">F.M.</p> +<p><i>Sir William Ryder</i> (No. 12. p. 186.),—"H.F." is +informed that Sir William Ryder, Lord Mayor of London in 1660, +lived at Bethnal Green, received the honour of knighthood, 12th +March, 1660 or 1661; died 30th August, 1669; and was buried 9th +September following at St. Andrew Undershaft, London. He had two +sons, one of whom was Thomas Ryder, who was an equerry to King +James II., and lord of the manor of Bilsington, in Kent. He +performed some service at the coronation of Queen Anne; and his +son, Sir Barnham Ryder, was knighted at the coronation of her +successor. The other son of Sir William Ryder was William Ryder, +gentleman. Sir William Ryder had five daughters:—1. +Elizabeth, who married Richard, son of Sir Thomas Midleton, of +Chirk Castle in Denbighshire, knight. 2. Priscilla, the wife of +Richard Baylie, son of Dr. Baylie, Dean of <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page283" id="page283"></a>{283}</span> Sarum. 3. +Mary. 4. Anne. 5. Martha.—<i>Harl. MSS.</i> 5801, 5802.</p> +<p class="author">F.E.</p> +<p><i>Scole Inn.</i>—In answer to the query (No. 16. p. 245.) +respecting the Sign and House at Scole Inn, I beg to refer to vol. +ii. p. 142., of the <i>History of Norfolk</i>, published by Crouse +and Booth of Norwich, in 1781, in 10 vols. 8vo.</p> +<p>I beg to state that I have impressions of two large prints, one +of the "House," and the other of the "Sign." They were published in +1740.—"Joshua Kirby," del., "John Fossey," sculpt.</p> +<p>I have also a smaller print of the "Sign" taken from the +opposite side—from the larger one—apparently by the +same parties, but the names of the drawer and engraver are cut +off.</p> +<p>I think the Sign was not take down till after 1795, as I have a +recollection of having passed <i>under it</i> when a boy, in going +from Norwich to Ipswich.</p> +<p>The sign was large and handsome, and extended across the +road.</p> +<p>In <i>Kirby's Print</i>, it is stated to have cost Mr. James +Peck, who was a merchant at Norwich, 1057<i>l.</i></p> +<p>The prints are not very scarce, and may be got at many of the +printsellers in London.</p> +<p class="author">J.B.</p> +<p>About twenty years ago I have seen hanging up on the wall of the +principal entry of this inn, a print of its original front, +comprising the various figure, coats of arms, &c. which adorned +it: in this account the founder Peck was called a citizen of +Norwich, and the traveller was puzzled by this piece of +information. "It is called Scole Inn, because it is at about the +same distance from Norwich, Ipswich, and Bury."</p> +<p class="author">M. Prendergast.</p> +<p>7. Serjeant's Inn. Fleet Street, Feb. 19. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Killigrew Family and Scole Inn Sign</i> (No. 15. p. +231.).—Doubtless there are pedigrees of the Killigrew family +in the <i>Visitations of Cornwall</i>, which would answer Mr. +Lower's questions. Many notices of them also occur in Gilbert's +<i>History of Cornwall</i>, and Wood's <i>Athenæ Oxon.</i>, +Bliss. ed., and both those works have good indexes.</p> +<p>There is a folded engraving of Scole Inn Sign (No. 16. p. 245.) +in Armstrong's <i>History of Norfolk</i>, vol. ii. p. 144., but I +never could learn when or why the sign was removed. The couchant +stag in the centre was the Cornwallis crest.</p> +<p class="author">Braybrooke.</p> +<p>Audley End.</p> +<p><i>Pavoise of the Black Prince</i> (No. 12. p. 183).—It is +very probably that the <i>Pavoise</i> which "Bolton" mentions as +hanging in his time at the tomb of Edward the Black Prince, was no +part of the original collection.</p> +<p>"A quilted coat-armour, with <i>half-sleeves tabard +fashion</i>," reads oddly as part of this prince's costume; but we +know that sometimes "Coming events cast their shadows before."</p> +<p class="author">T.W.</p> +<p><i>Welsh Ambassador.</i>—The following use of the word +"Welsh" <i>in metaphor</i>, may perhaps serve as a clue to, or +illustration of, G.'s query (No. 15. p. 230.):</p> +<blockquote> +<p><i>Andrew</i>. "In tough <i>Welsh</i> parsley, which in our +vulgar tongue, is Strong hempen altars."—Beaumont and +Fletcher, <i>Elder Brother</i>, Act. 1. ad fin.</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">Petit André</p> +<p>Pleissis-les-Tours, Fevrier, 1850.</p> +<p><i>Phoenix—by Lactantius.</i>—"Seleucus" is +informed, in answer to his query in No. 13. p. 203., that he will +find the Latin poem of the <i>Phoenix</i>, in hexameters <i>and +pentameters</i>, in that scarce little volume, edited by Pithaeus, +and published at Paris in 1590 (see Brunet), <i>Epigrammata et +Poematia Vetera, &c.</i> (of which I am happy to say I possess +a most beautiful copy), where it is headed "Phoenix, Incerti +Auctoris;" and again at the end of the edition of <i>Claudian</i> +by P. Burmann Secundus Amsterdam, 1760), with the following +title,—<i>Lactantia Elegia, de Phoenice; vulgo Claudiano ad +scripta, &c.</i>, where also another correspondent, "R.G." (in +No. 15. p. 235.), will find much information as to who was the +author of the poem.</p> +<p class="author">C.J.C.</p> +<p>Feb. 9. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Catsup</i> (no. 8. p. 125.).—"Catsup" is to be found +thus spelt in Todd's <i>Johnson's Dictionary</i> (London, 1818). He +describes it as a kind of Indian pickles imitated by pickled +mushrooms; and quotes these two lines of Swift:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And for our home-bred British cheer,</p> +<p>Botargo, catsup, and cavier."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>An eminnet Sanscrit scholar informs me that "kuck-hup" is the +Hindostanee word for Turtle; it is to be met in the Vocabulary +attached to Gilchrist's <i>East Indian Guide</i> (8vo. London, +1820). May not the name of the sauce take its origin from the use +of it in preparing the turtle for the table? In the <i>Cuisinier +Royal, par Viart</i>, p. 75., it is mentioned among the "petites +sauces," as ket-chop, "ou Soyac;" and the receipt for making it +ends with "servez le avec le poisson." (Published at Paris, +1840.)</p> +<p class="author">C.I.R.</p> +<p><i>The Buckingham Motto</i> (No. 9. p. 138., and No. 16. p. +252.).—On examining the original manuscript the true reading +of this motto appears to me to be,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Sovente me sovene,</p> +<p>Harre Bokynghame.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I should translate it, "souvent me souvenez;" an Anglo-French +paraphrase of "sis memor mei;" or, "Ne m'oubliez pas." I have great +doubt <span class="pagenum"><a name="page284" id= +"page284"></a>{284}</span> whether the original MS. can be safely +assumed to be an <i>autograph</i>.</p> +<p class="author">S.</p> +<p class="note">[Our correspondent "P." writes, "It surprises me +your OEdipi should be so wide of the mark in this motto. It is +simply, 'Oft remember me.'"]</p> +<p><i>Devices of the Standards of the Anglo-Saxons</i> (No. 14. p. +216.).—The arms, <i>i.e.</i> the standards of the successive +rulers of Britain, may be found in Sir Winston Churchill's curious +work, <i>Divi Britannici</i>, which gives (as your correspondent +supposes) the White Horse for Kent, the White Dragon for Wessex, +and the Raven for the Danes.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>Prutenicæ</i> (No. 14. p. 215.).—The work to +which your correspondent alludes is, I presume, <i>Prutenicæ +Tabulæ Cælestium Motuum, autore Erasmo Reinholdo</i>: +Tubingæ, 1562. This work is dedicated to Albert, Duke of +<i>Prussia</i>. In the dedication is the following passage:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Ego has tubulas <i>Prutenicas</i> dici volui, ut sciret +posteritas tuâ liberalitate, Princeps Alberte, nos adjutos +esse, et tibi gratiam ab iis, quibus profuturæ sunt +deberi."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Reinhold therefore called them Prutenie, <i>i.e. Prussian</i> +tables, in compliment to the reigning duke. <i>Pruteni</i> is an +ancient name of the Prussians. Albert (grandson of Albert the +Achilles, Margrave of Brandenburg) was in 1511 elected Grand Master +of the Teutonic Knights, who then held Prussia. He continued the +war which his order had for some time carried on with his uncle, +Sigismund I., King of Poland. But he subsequently embraced the +doctrines of Luther, deserted his order, became reconciled to +Sigismund, and for his reward East Prussia was now first raised +into a duchy as a fief of Poland, and made hereditary in his +family. This Albert was the founder of the University of +Konigsberg. (See Puffendorff, Frederick the Great, and +Robertson.)</p> +<p><i>Pandoxare</i> (No. 13. p. 202., No. 15. p. 234.).—There +is, or till very lately was, an officer of Trinity College, +Cambridge, called the Pandoxator. He had the oversight of the +college brewhouse, and formerly of the college bakehouse also. See +Monk's <i>Life of Bentley</i>, 2nd ed. i. 210. In Dr. Bentley's +time the office seems to have been held by a senior fellow. Of late +years junior fellows have held the situation.</p> +<p class="author">C.H. Cooper.</p> +<p>Cambridge, Feb. 11. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Gazetteer of Portugal.</i>—In answer to the inquiry of +"Northman" (No. 16. p. 246.), P.C.S.S. has to state, that he +believes that the most recent, as it is unquestionably the most +copious, work on the topography of Portugal is the <i>Diccionario +Geografico de Portugal</i>, published at Lisbon in 1817, in +seventeen volumes, 8vo.</p> +<p class="author">P.C.S.S.</p> +<p><i>Dog Latin</i> (No. 15, p. 230.).—Many things low and +vulgar are marked with the prefix "dog"; as <i>dog-rose</i>, +<i>dog-trick</i>, <i>dog-hole</i>, as also <i>dog-gerel</i>. When +the great mortar was set up in St. James's Park, some one asked +"Why the carriage was ornamented with dog's heads?" "To justify the +Latin inscription," said Jekyl.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>Epigram</i> (No. 15. p. 233.).—Surely not by Kenrick, +if written, as it seems, about 1721. Kenrick was not heard of for +near thirty years later.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>Pallace, Meaning of</i> (No. 15. p. 233.).—Put out of +all doubt by the following article in Phillips's <i>World of +Words</i>. "<i>Pallacia</i>, in old records, 'Pales or paled +fences.'"</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>Meaning of Pallace</i> (No. 13. p. 202., and No. 15. p. +233.).—Bishop Horsley seems to throw some light on this point +by his note on the 9th verse of the 45th Psalm. The learned prelate +says</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"'Out of the ivory palaces whereby they have made thee +glad,'—rather, from 'cabinets of Armenian ivory they have +pleasured thee.' From <i>cabinets</i> or <i>wardrobes</i>, in which +the perfumes, or the garments were kept."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This meaning of the word, derived from the Hebrew, corroborates +the sense given to it in Mr. Halliwell's <i>Dictionary of Archaic, +&c. Words</i>, viz, a <i>storehouse</i>.</p> +<p class="author">Alfred Gatty.</p> +<p>Ecclesfield, Feb. 9.</p> +<p><i>Ælian.</i>—The querist (No. 15. p. 232.) is +informed that Ælian's Treatise <i>De Animalium +Naturâ</i> has been translated into Latin as well as his +other works, by Conrad Gessner, fol. Zurich, 1556; but, it does not +appear that an English translation of it has hitherto been +published.</p> +<p class="author">A.W.</p> +<p>Brighton.</p> +<p><i>Why Dr. Dee quitted Manchester.</i>—A correspondent +(No. 14. p. 216.) of yours wishes to know the reason why Dr. Dee +resigned his wardenship and left Manchester. I would refer him to +the interesting "Life of Dee," by Dr. Cooke Taylor, in his +<i>Romantic Biography of the Age of Elizabeth</i>, who writes:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"But in his days mathematics were identified with magic, and +Dee's learned labours only served to strengthen the imputations +cast upon his character by the Fellows of his College in +Manchester. He was so annoyed by these reports that he presented a +petition to King James, requesting to have his conduct judicially +investigated; but the monarch, on the mere report that Dee was a +conjuror, refused to show him the slightest favor. Indignant at the +injurious treatment he continued to receive, he quitted Manchester +with his family in the month of November, 1604: it is uncertain +whether he renounced his wardenship at the same time, but he seems +to have received no more of its revenues; for, during the remainder +of his life, <span class="pagenum"><a name="page285" id= +"page285"></a>{285}</span> which was passed at Mortlake, he +suffered severely from the pressure of poverty."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>He died in 1608. Dr. Taylor, I suppose, writes on the authority +of Dee's MSS. and Journal, edited by Dr. Isaac Casaubon.</p> +<p class="author">W.M.K.</p> +<p><i>Viridis Vallis</i> (no. 14. p. 213.).—This is the +monastery of <i>Groenendael</i>, situated in the forest of +Soignies, near Brussels. In the <i>Bibliothèque des Ducs de +Bourgoyne</i> are preserved several manuscript volumes relative to +its history. (See Marchal's <i>Catalogue</i>, vol. ii. p. 84.) Sir +Thomas Phillipps has also a Chartulary of this monastery among his +manuscripts.</p> +<p class="author">F.M.</p> +<p><i>Recent Novel.</i>—I beg to inform "Adolphus" that the +Novel of which he is in search (No. 15. p. 231.) is <i>Le Morne au +Diable</i>, by Eugène Sue; the hero of which is the Duke of +Monmouth, who is supposed to have escaped to Martinique.</p> +<p class="author">J.S.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MISCELLANIES.</h3> +<p><i>Use of Monosyllables.</i>—In Beaumont and Fletcher's +<i>Boadicea</i>, Act 3. Sc. 1. (Edinbugh, 1812), I meet with the +following lines in Caratach's Apostrophe to "Divine Andate," and +which seem to corroborate Mr. C. FORBES'S theory (No. 16. p. 228.) +on the employment of monosyllables by Shakspeare, when he wished to +express violent and overwhelming emotion: at least they appear to +be used much in the same way by the celebrated dramatists whom I +quote:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Give us this day good hearts, good enemies,</p> +<p>Good blows on both sides, wounds that fear or flight</p> +<p>Can claim no share in; steel us both with anger,</p> +<p>And warlike executions fit thy viewing.</p> +<p>Let Rome put on her best strength, and thy Britain,</p> +<p>Thy little Britain, but as great in fortune,</p> +<p>Meet her as strong as she, as proud, as daring!</p> +<p>And then look on, thou red-eyed God; who does best,</p> +<p>Reward with honour; who despair makes fly,</p> +<p>Unarm for ever, and brand with infamy!"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">C.I.R.</p> +<p>Feb. 16.</p> +<p><i>To endeavour oneself</i> (No. 8. p. 125.).—"G.P." +thinks that the verb "endeavour" takes a middle voice form in the +collect for the second Sunday after Easter, in the preface to the +Confirmation Service, and in the Form of Ordering of Priests: but +in these instances is it any thing more than the verb neuter, +implying that we should endeavour ourselves to follow, &c.?</p> +<p>In Shepherd's <i>Elucidation of the Book of Common Prayer</i> (2 +vols. 8vo. Lord. 1817), under the head of the Confirmation Office, +it is stated relative to the persons to be confirmed (vol. ii. p. +312.), "that they solemnly engage evermore to endeavour faithfully +to perform their part of that covenant."</p> +<p class="author">C.I.R.</p> +<p><i>Evelyn's Sculptura.</i>—In a copy of Evelyn's +<i>Sculptura</i>, 3rd edit., with Memoir of the Author's Life, 8vo. +London, 1759, I find the following memorandum, in pencil, prefixed +to the Memoirs:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"By Dr. Warton of Winchester, as he himself informed me in +1785."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>An autograph resembling "J. Chelmar" is on the fly-leaf. As I do +not see this Memoir ascribed to Dr. Warton in any list, to which I +have access, of his writings, perhaps the Memoir is not generally, +or at all, known to be by him, and I therefore send the memorandum +to you to be winnowed in your literary threshing-floor, by those +who have better means and more leisure to ascertain its value.</p> +<p class="author">J.M.</p> +<p>Oxford, Feb. 5.</p> +<p><i>William Baxter.</i>—I do not know whether William +Baxter is authority for anything. When you see a word quoted from +one of the languages or dialects which the moderns call Celtic, +that word will very commonly be found not to exist. When at a loss, +quote Celtic. If W. Baxter says (see No. 13. p. 195.) that +<i>buarth papan</i> means the sun's ox-stall, or, in other words, +that <i>papan</i> means the sun, I should wish to know where else +such a name for that luminary, for or any thing else, may be met +with? I have not found any such thing.</p> +<p class="author">A.N.</p> +<p><i>Derivation of the word "Avon."</i>—Among the many +proofs of the prevalence of the Gaelic roots in existing names at +both ends of the island, it may be mentioned that there are ten +rivers named <i>Avon</i> in Britain, and <i>Avon</i> is simply the +Gaelic word for a river.</p> +<p class="author">J.U.G. Gutch.</p> +<p><i>Warton and Heinsius.</i>—A late critic thinks he has +discovered that Mr. Thomas Warton, a contemporary of Mr. Wise, and +fellow of the same college, an antiquary and scholar of whom +England may be proud, knew little of Latin, and less of Greek, +because, forsooth, he did not notice Milton's false quantities, +which Heinsius did! As well might it be argued, that the critic is +an immoral man, because he did not notice the delinquencies of +Heinsius in a moral point of view; the said Heinsius being obliged +to resign his secretaryship to the city of Amsterdam in consequence +of a prosecution by a young woman for breach of promise of +marriage, under the faith of which she had lived with him, and +borne him two children. The sentence of <i>misdaadigheyd</i> was +pronounced against him, and confirmed, on appeal, by the supreme +court of Holland, in 1662. So much for the unpatriotic puff of the +learned foreigner, to <span class="pagenum"><a name="page286" id= +"page286"></a>{286}</span> the disparagement of one of the greatest +ornaments of English literature. As one "note" naturally produces +another, I hope your sense of justice, Mr. Editor, will admit this, +in order to counter-balance the effect of the former one; +appearing, as it did, in a periodical of considerable circulation, +which, I am glad to hear, is soon to be very much improved.</p> +<p class="author">J.I.</p> +<p><i>Queen's Bagnio</i> (No. 13. p. 196.).—The Queen's +Bagnio in Long Acre was on the south side, nearly opposite to the +door of Long Acre Chapel. The Duke's bath I have always heard was +in Old Belton Street, now Endell Street; the fourth house from +Castle Street on the west side. It has been new fronted not long +since; but at the time that I frequented the baths there—the +exterior had pilasters, and a handsome cornice in the style of +Inigo Jones,—all being built in dark red brick. Within there +was a large plunging bath, paved and lined with marble, the walls +being covered by small tiles of blue and white, in the Dutch +fashion. The supply of water was from a well on the premises.</p> +<p>There were several apartments for warm-bathing, having the baths +and pavements of marble, and to several of these were attached +dressing-rooms.</p> +<p>The house is now, I believe, occupied by a carpenter; but the +baths remained, though in a dilapidated condition, a short-time +since, and probably are there still.</p> +<p class="author">T.W.</p> +<p><i>A Flemish Account.</i>—In illustration of a query in +your first number on the origin of the expression "a Flemish +Account," unless you think it too late for insertion, I send the +following extract from an old volume in the Cathedral Library at +Salisbury. It is entitled, "The Accurate Accomptant or London +Merchant, &c.; by Thomas Brown, Accomptant: composed for the +Use and Benefit of the poor Blew-Coat children educated in Christ's +Hospital, &c. London, printed by William Godbid, sen. 1669. +fol."</p> +<p>The book consists almost entirely of examples of the best +methods of keeping accounts, from which I select the following +instance:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"London, August 10th, 1668.</p> +<p>"To Roger Pace, Factor, &c., for 10 Pieces cont. 746 Ells +Fl. at 10 <i>S.</i> Flem. per Ell. is 373 <i>l.</i> Flem. Exchange +at 35 <i>S</i> makes Sterling Money 213 <i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i> 10 +<i>d.</i>"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The above extract strongly confirms the explanations of the +expressions given by your correspondents "Q.Q." and "Mr. Bolton +Corney," in No. 5. p. 74., as it proves both the necessity and +early practice of accurately distinguishing in commercial dealings +between English and Flemish methods of reckoning.</p> +<p class="author">E.A.D.</p> +<p class="note">[The following is a curious illustration of the use +of the phrase.</p> +<p class="note">"A person resident in London is said to have had +most of Caxton's publications. He sent them to Amsterdam for +inspection, and, on writing for them, was informed that they had +been destroyed by accident. 'I am very much afraid,' says Herbert, +'my kind friend received but <i>a Flemish account</i> of his +Caxtons.'"—<i>Typ. Antiq.</i>, p. 1773.]</p> +<p><i>La Mer des Histoires.</i>—I find I have a note on that +handsome old French work, <i>La Mer des Histoires</i>, which is +commonly attributed to Johannes de Columna, Archbishop of Messina; +but upon which Francis Douce, while taking notice of its being a +translation of the <i>Rudimentum Noviciorum</i> ascribed to +Mochartus, observes that it is a different work from the <i>Mare +Historiarum</i> of Johannes de Columna. Douce also informs us, that +there were several works passing under this title. Columna is +mentioned by Genebrard as the author of a book, <i>Cujus titulus +est Mater Historiarum</i>. Query? What is known of the work, which +is really Columna's?</p> +<p class="author">John Sansom.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>On Passages in Milton</h3> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And every shepherd <i>tells his tale</i></p> +<p>Under the hawthorn in the dale."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Milton's <i>L'Allegro</i>.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I used to suppose the <i>tale told</i> was a love tale. Now I +take it to mean that each shepherd <i>tells the tale</i>, that is, +counts the number of his sheep. Is there any doubt on this +point?</p> +<p>Milton (<i>Paradise Lost</i>, b. v.), speaks of "silent night +with this her <i>solemn</i> bird;" that is, the nightingale. Most +readers take "<i>solemn</i>" to mean "<i>pensive</i>;" but I cannot +doubt that Milton (who carries Latinism to excess) used it to +express <i>habitual</i>, <i>customary</i>, <i>familiar</i>, as in +its Latin form <i>sollemnis</i>.</p> +<p class="author">B.H.K.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> +<p>The lovers of accurate and painstaking topography, the students +of genealogical history, and, though last not least, those who like +to see the writings of Shakspeare, illustrated in a congenial +spirit, will read with pleasure the announcement, in our +advertising columns, that the fellow-townsmen of Joseph Hunter, the +Historian of "Hallamshire" and "The Deanery of Doncaster," and the +Illustrator of the Life and Writings of Shakspeare, have opened a +Subscription for the purpose of placing a full-length portrait of +that gentleman in the Cutlers' Hall, Sheffield.</p> +<p>When we announced Mr. Archer's projected work, entitled +<i>Vestiges of Old London, a Series of finished Etchings from +Original Drawings, with Descriptions, Historical Associations, and +other References</i>, we spoke of it as one likely, we thought, to +prove of especial interest. The appearance of the first Number +justifies to the fullest our anticipation. The pictorial +representations are replete <span class="pagenum"><a name="page287" +id="page287"></a>{287}</span> with variety, and the literary +illustrations full of a pleasant gossipping anecdotical character. +The first plate shows us <i>The Old Bulk Shop at Temple Bar</i>, +occupied by successive generations of fishmongers, and doubtless +well remembered by most of our readers; although no trace of it any +longer exists. <i>The House of John Dryden</i>, in Fetter Lane, so +designated on the authority of the late Mr. Upcott, forms the +second plate; and is followed by <i>The Altar of Diana</i>, +discovered in Foster Lane, Cheapside, in December, 1830. <i>The +Drapers' Almshouses, Crutched Friars</i>, is the next illustration, +which again is contrasted by a plate of <i>Roman Vestiges</i>, full +of interest to those who like to investigate the Roman occupation +of our metropolis; and this first part concludes with a view of +<i>The Old Chapel of St. Bartholomew, Kingsland</i>. The work is +executed in a style to delight London antiquaries, and charm those +who delight to illustrate Pennant.</p> +<p>The approaching <i>Exhibition of Works of Ancient and +Mediæval Art</i> at the rooms of the Society of Arts in the +Adelphi, promises to be one of the most interesting displays of the +kind ever exhibited in this or any other city. The possessors of +objects of beauty and rarity have vied with each other in placing +at the disposal of the Committee their choicest specimens; and the +inhabitants and visitors of the metropolis will shortly have an +opportunity of judging how numerous are the relics of "barbaric +pomp and gold" which are still left to us, and how much of beauty +of design, and "skill in workmanship" were displayed by the +"hard-handed" men of the good old times, to justify the enthusiasm +of the antiquary, and gratify the man of taste.</p> +<p>We have received, but at a moment too late to notice as it +deserves, the Catalogue of very choice Books, and Books printed on +vellum, the property of the late Mr. Rodd, which are to be sold by +Messrs. Sotheby, at their rooms in Wellington Street, on Monday +next. As a specimen, perhaps the most remarkable of this +collection, we may point out the set of the Works of Thomas +Aquinas, in 17 folio volumes, bound in 21, and which is well +described as</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A magnificent set of Books, presenting one of the finest +specimens, and at the same time the most extensive work, ever +printed upon vellum. This copy was presented by Pope Pius V. to +Philip II., king of Spain, and was deposited in the library of the +Escurial, whence it was taken during the occupation of Spain by +Bonaparte. The only other copy known is in the National Library, +Paris. It is the best edition of this author's works."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>We have received the following Catalogues:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"John Petheram's Catalogue of Old and New Books on Sale for Cash +only at 94. High Holborn. Part CVIII. No. 2. for 1850."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>a Catalogue containing some excellent books, which reached us +last week, and was omitted from our last list by accident.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Catalogue of Miscellaneous English and Foreign Books in all +Classes of Literature, selected from the Stock of Nattali and Bond, +23. Bedford Street, Covent Garden."</p> +<p>"Bibliotheca Salisburiensis. A Catalogue of Old and New Books on +sale by J. Hearn, corner of the Poultry Cross, Salisbury."</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> +<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE</h4> +<p>(<i>In continuation of Lists in former Nos.</i>)</p> +<p>Life of Colonel Birch.</p> +<h4>Odd Volumes.</h4> +<p>Goldsmith's Miscellaneous Works. (Cairn's Edition.) 12mo. +Edinburgh. 1804. Vol. III.</p> +<p>British Painters, Sculptors, and Architects. Family Library. +1830. Vol. IV.</p> +<p>Orbis Phaeton, sive de Universis Vitus Linguæ. Pars prima, +A to K. Mons. 1629.</p> +<p>Political Magazine for 1780. Vol. IX. for 1785. Vol. XII. for +1787.</p> +<p>Hudibras. 18mo. 1716. Vol. I.</p> +<p>Valpy's Delphin Classics. 63 and 64. In the original Boards.</p> +<p>Inchbald's British Theater. 12mo. 1808. Vol. IX.</p> +<p>Chevallier's Epistles of the Apostolic Fathers.</p> +<p>Historical Romances. 7 Vols., or Vol. I. Constable, 1822.</p> +<p>Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," +186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> +<p><i>We have again had to indulge in the expensive luxury of a +further reprint; and we have therefore the pleasure of announcing +that our</i> Second <i>Monthly Part, which has been out of print, +may now be had by such of our friends as want to complete their +sets.</i></p> +<p><i>We are again under the necessity of omitting many +communications, including</i> Notes, Queries, <i>and</i> Replies, +<i>which are in type; but we hope, by enlarging next week's paper +to</i> 24 <i>pages, instead of</i> 16, <i>to find room for +inserting many interesting papers which we have been hitherto +compelled to omit for want of room.</i></p> +<p><i>To correspondents inquiring as to the mode of procuring</i> +"Notes and Queries," <i>we have once more to explain, that every +bookseller and newsman will supply it regularly</i>, if ordered; +<i>and that gentlemen residing in the country, who may find a +difficulty in getting it through any bookseller in their +neighbourhood, may be supplied regularly with the</i> stamped +<i>edition, by giving their orders direct to the publisher</i>, Mr. +George Bell, 186. <i>Fleet Street, accompanied by a Post Office +order, for a quarter, 4s. 4d.; a half year, 8s. 8d.; or one year, +17s. 4d.</i></p> +<p>A.J.V. <i>will find an answer to his query respecting</i> +Angels' Visits, <i>&c. in No. 7. p. 102.; and respecting the +Hudibrastic couplet, in No. 12. p. 179</i>.</p> +<p>M.X. (Bridport). <i>The work</i> well bound <i>will only fetch +about seven or eight pounds in a sale room, and may be purchased +for about ten.</i></p> +<p>Errata. No. 9. p. 133. col. 1. l. 51., for "Silent" read +"Select;" l. 54., for "imposing" read "composing;" and col. 2. l. +43. after "that" insert "Simpson's." No. 17. p. 263. col. 1. l. +49., for "Respublicæ" read "Respublica."</p> +<hr class="adverts" /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page288" id= +"page288"></a>{288}</span> +<p>Exceedingly Choice and Rare Books, and Books printed upon +Vellum, the property of the late eminent bookseller, Mr. Thos. +Rodd.</p> +<p>MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and Co., (auctioneers of literary +property and works illustrative of the fine arts,) will SELL by +AUCTION in pursuance of the will of the deceased, at their House, +3. Wellington Street, Strand, on Monday, March 4. at 1 precisely, a +very choice selection of fine and RARE BOOKS, and Books printed +upon Vellum, the property of the late eminent bookseller, Mr. +Thomas Rodd, of Great Newport Street, London; including among the +more valuable books, Aquinatis Opera Omnia, 21 vols., Romæ, +1570, a magnificent set of books, printed on vellum, presented by +Pope Pius V. to Philip II, King of Spain; Homer Opera Græce, +editio princeps, fine copy, Florentiæ, 1488; Valerius +Maximus, printed on vellum, Moguntiæ, 1471; Vivaldus de +Veritate Contritionis, printed on vellum, unique, 1503; Lancelot du +Lac, Chevalier de la Table Ronde, beautiful copy; Ciceronis +Epistolæ ad Familiares, Venetiis, Johannes de Spira, 1409; +Sancti Hieronymi Epistolæ, printed on vellum, Moguntiæ, +1470; a magnificent volume; Pentateuchus Hebraicus et Chaldaicus, +printed on vellum, a beautiful copy, Sabionnettæ, 1557; many +beautiful Horae, printed on vellum; Enchiridion Ecclesiæ +Sarum, printed on vellum, extremely rare and interesting, Paris. T. +Kerver, 1528; La Collection des Ouvrages, imprimées par +Ordre de M. Le Compte d'Artois, 64 vols., printed on vellum, Paris +Didot. To be viewed three days prior, and catalogues had at the +place of sale.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Preparing for immediate Publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo.</p> +<p>THE FOLK-LORE of ENGLAND. By William J. Thoms, F.S.A., Secretary +of the Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and +Legends of all Nations." &c. One object of the present work is +to furnish new contributions to the History of our National +Folk-Lore; and especially some of the more striking Illustrations +of the subject to be found in the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other +Continental Antiquaries.</p> +<p>Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable +Customs and Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms &c. are +earnestly solicited, and will be thankfully acknowledged by the +Editor. They may be addressed to the care of Mr. Bell, Office of +"Notes and Queries," 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>TOPOGRAPHY, COUNTY AND FAMILY HISTORY, ETC.—John Gray +Bell, Bookseller, Dealer in Topographical Prints, Portraits, +Autographs, and Literary Curiosities, 10. and 11. Bedford Street, +Covent Garden, London, invites Collectors to examine his Assortment +of PRINTS on the above interesting subjects. Having gathered them +with the greatest care and research, at a vast expenditure of Time +and Capital, he flatters himself that his Collection is the most +extensive and best selected extant, and will be found well worthy +of attention.</p> +<p>John Gray Bell's Catalogues are published monthly, and +forwarded, free, by post. Parties desirous of possessing the recent +numbers can have them sent by enclosing their address.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Royal 32mo., cloth, 2<i>s.</i>; morocco (Hayday), 7<i>s.</i></p> +<p>SELDEN'S TABLE TALK.</p> +<p>Royal 32mo., price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth, 7<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i> morocco (Hayday).</p> +<p>THE TEMPLE, SACRED POEMS, and PRIVATE EJACULATIONS. BY George +Herbert.</p> +<p>Also, by the same Author,</p> +<p>Price 2<i>s.</i> cloth, 7<i>s.</i> morocco (Hayday),</p> +<p>A PRIEST TO THE TEMPLE; or, THE COUNTRY PARSON: his character, +and Rule of Holy Life, &c.</p> +<p>London: George Bell, Fleet Street. Leicester: J.S. Crossley.</p> +<hr /> +<p>THE PHILOLOGICAL MUSEUM. Edited by Hare and Thirlwall. 2 thick +vols. 8vo. cloth, 14<i>s.</i> E. STIBBS, having purchased the +remaining copies of this esteemed Work, now offers it at the above +reduced price, and respectfully suggests the necessity of early +application, as it is entirely out of print, and but few copies +remain for sale.</p> +<p>331. Strand, opposite Somerset House.</p> +<hr /> +<p>REV. JOSEPH HUNTER, F.S.A. Public Portrait. The Friends and +Admirers of the learned and respected Historian of "Hallamshire" +and the "Deanery of Doncaster" having resolved to place a +full-length Portrait of him in the Cutlers' Hall, Sheffield, his +native town (vide "Gentleman's Magazine," Feb. 1850), the Committee +beg respectfully to announce that Subscriptions of One Guinea, in +furtherance of their object, will be received by Thomas Berks, +Esq., Mayor, Treasurer; and Mr. Henry Jackson, Secretary of the +Committee, Sheffield.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Just published, and may be had postage free, on a remittance of +two stamps.</p> +<p>A CATALOGUE OF ENGLISH and FOREIGN BOOKS, in all Classes of +Literature. Selected from the STOCK of NATTALI and BOND (successors +to the late M.A. Nattali), 23. Bedford Street, Covent Garden.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Now ready.</p> +<p>STIBB'S CATALOGUE OF MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS, Part III., containing +a very extensive collection of Books relating to America, also a +few choice and rare old books beautifully bound in morocco; it may +be had gratis, and post free, on application. Also, nearly ready, +STIBB'S GENERAL CATALOGUE, which will be forwarded gratis on +receipt of Eight stamps for the Postage.</p> +<p>331. Strand, opposite Somerset House,</p> +<hr /> +<p>Just published, price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 12mo. cloth, +7<i>s.</i> calf or morocco.</p> +<p>THE ENGLISH GENTLEMAN: his Principles, his Feelings, his +Manners, his Pursuits.</p> +<p>"We like him so well as to wish heartily we might meet many +such."—<i>Theologian.</i></p> +<p>"The object of the first of the four essays is to form the +principles of a gentleman on a Christian standard. In the other +three subjects, of feelings, manners, and pursuits, the views, +though strict, are of a more worldly +kind."—<i>Spectator.</i></p> +<p>George Bell, 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>8vo. cloth. 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>ORIGINAL LETTERS OF JOHN LOCKE, ALGERNON SIDNEY, AND LORD +SHAFTESBURY. With an Analytical Sketch of the Writings and Opinions +of Locke and other Metaphysicains. By T. Forster, M.B. F.L.S., +M.A.S., Corresponding Member of the Acad. of Natural Science at +Philadelphia, &c.</p> +<p>London: George Bell, Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>In 8vo. price 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth.</p> +<p>HISTORY OF THE PARISH AND TOWN OF BAMPTON, with the District and +Hamlets belonging to it. By the Rev. J.A. Giles, D.C.L., late +Fellow of Christ's Ch. Coll. Oxford, Author of "History of the +Ancient Britons," &c.</p> +<p>London: George Bell, Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8 New Street Square, at No. +5 New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of +London; and published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in +the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, +Publisher, at No. 186 Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, March +2. 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13544 ***</div> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2395f53 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #13544 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/13544) diff --git a/old/13544-8.txt b/old/13544-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8102cce --- /dev/null +++ b/old/13544-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2312 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 18. Saturday, March 2, +1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 18. Saturday, March 2, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September 27, 2004 [EBook #13544] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 18. *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 18.] SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {273} + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- + +Unpublished Letter of Horace Walpole, by S. Hall. 273 +Lady Arabella Stuard, by R. Cole. 274 +The Name Martel, by W. Robson. 275 + +QUERIES:-- +Query as to Junius, by J. Sudlow, Esq. 275 +New Edition of Dr. Owen's Works. 276 +Minor Queries:--MS. Book of Hours--Bess of Hardwick--Cæsar's + Wife--Minar's Books of Antiquities--Proverb + against Physicians--Compendyous Olde + Treatyse--Topography of Foreign Printing Presses--Cromwell's + Estates--Depinges. 276 + +REPLIES:-- +Origin of Jew's-harp, by E.F. Rimbault, LL.D. 277 +Ælfric's Colloquy, by S.W. Singer. 278 +Reheting and Rehetours. 278 +Arabic Numerals. 279 +Fraternity of Christian Doctrine, Chaucer's Night + Charm, by Rev. D. Rock. 281 +Replies to Minor Queries:--By Hook or by Crook, Pokership, + &c.--Golden Frog--Madoc--Twysden + MSS.--Royal Genealogies--Astle's MSS.--Dr. Hugh + Todd's MSS.--Sir W. Ryder--Scole Inn--Killegrew + Family--Pavoise of the Black Prince--Welsh + Ambassador--Phoenix. by Lactantius--Catsup--Buckingham + Motto--Devices of Anglo-Saxons--Purteninæ--Pandoxare, &c. 281 + +MISCELLANIES:-- +Use of Monosyllables--To endeavour oneself--Evelyn's + Sculptura--William Baxter--Derivation of "Avon"--Warton + and Heinsius, &c. 285 + +NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, &c. +Books and Odd Volumes wanted. 287 +Notices to Correspondents. 287 +Advertisements. 288 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES + +UNPUBLISHED LETTER OF HORACE WALPOLE + +I have the pleasure of inclosing to you (I believe) an unpublished +letter of Horace Walpole's. It was found among the papers of the late +William Parsons, one of the Della Cruscan poets. That it is genuine I +have no doubt. The handwriting is precisely similar to a note sent with +a copy of the _Mysterious Mother_ to Mr. Parsons, in which Horace +Walpole writes, "he is unwilling to part with a copy without protesting +against his own want of judgment in selecting so disgusting a subject; +the absurdity of which he believes makes many faults of which he is +sensible in the execution overlooked." It is also guaranteed by its +date,--"Paris, July 28. 1771." By reference to his correspondence with +Sir H. Mann (vol. ii. p. 163.), we find a letter dated July 6, 1771, in +which he writes, "I am not gone; I do go to-morrow;" and in his _General +Correspondence_, vol. v. p. 303., writing to John Chute, his letter is +dated from Amiens, July 9. 1771, beginning, "I am got no farther yet;" +and he returned to Arlington Street, September 6. 1771, having arrived +at Paris on the 10th of July, and quitted it on the 2nd of September. I +notice the dates, as they indicate the rate of travelling in some degree +at that period. The Query is, to whom was it addressed? There is nothing +on the original to indicate the person. The letter is of no great +importance, except as it shows that Walpole, under certain conditions of +being, was more earnest and sincere than perhaps was in his nature, or +was generally his wont. + +SPENCER HALL. + +Athenæum, Feb. 25. 1850. + +"Paris, July 28. 1771. + +"Dear S'r. + +"I have received no letter from my brother, and consequently have no +answer to make to him. I shall only say that after entering into a +solemn engagement with me, that we should dispose of the places +alternately, I can scarce think him serious, when he tells you he has +made an _entirely_ new arrangement for ALL the places, expects I shoud +concur in it; and after that, is so good as to promise he will dispose +of no more without consulting me. If He is so absolutely master of all, +my concurrence is not necessary, _and I will give none_. If he chuses to +dispose of the places without me, That matter with others _more +important_, must be regulated in another manner,--and it is time they +shoud, when no agreement is kept with me, and I find objections made +which, upon the fullest discussion and after allowance of the force of +my arguments and right, had been given up twenty years ago. + +"With regard to your letter, S'r, some parts of it are, I protest, +totally unintelligible to me. Others, which I think I do understand, +require a much fuller answer than I have time to give now, as the post +goes out to-morrow morning. That answer will contain matter not at all +fit for the Post, and which I am sure you woud not wish shoud be handled +there; for which reason I shall defer it, till I can give my answer at +length into your own hands. It will, I believe, surprize both you and my +brother; and show how unkindly I have been {274} treated after doing +everything to accommodate both. As to the conditions which you say, S'r, +you intend to exact from my brother, you will undoubtedly state them to +him himself; and cannot expect I should meddle with them or be party to +them. Neither you nor he can imagine that I am quite so tame an idiot as +to enter into bonds for persons of _his_ recommendation. If the office +is _his_, he must be answerable for it, and for all the persons he +employs in it. I protest against every thing that is not my own act--a +consequence he perhaps did not foresee, when he chose, contrary to his +agreement with me, to engross the whole disposition. I have always known +clearly what is my own right and on what founded; and have acted +strictly according to my right, and am ready to justify every step of my +conduct. I have sufficiently shown my disposition to peace, and appeal +to you yourself, S'r, and to my brother, whether either can charge me +with the least encroachment beyond my right; and whether I have not +acquiesced in every single step that either has desired of me. Your +letter, S'r, and that you quote of my brother, have shown how necessary +it is for me to take the measure I am determined to take. I would have +done any thing to oblige either you or my brother, but I am not to be +threatened out of my right in any shape. I know when it is proper to +yield and when to take my stand. I refused to accept the place for my +own life when it was offered to me: when I declined _that_, it is not +probable that I would hold the place to the wrong of anybody else; it +will and _must_ be seen who claims any part or prerogatives of the place +unjustly; my honour demands to have this ascertained, and I will add, +that when I scorned a favour, I am not likely to be intimidated by a +menace. + +"I say all this coolly and deliberately, and my actions will be +conformable. I do not forget my obligations to you, dear S'r, or to your +dead brother, whose memory will ever be most dear to me. Unkind +expressions shall not alter the affection I have for you and your +family, nor am I so unreasonable, so unjust, or so absurd as not to +approve your doing every thing you think right for your own interest and +security and for those of your family. What I have to say hereafter will +prove that these not only are but _ever have been_ my sentiments. I +shall then appeal to your own truth whether it is just in you to have +used some expressions in your letter, but as I mean to act with the +utmost circumspection and without a grain of resentment to _anybody_, I +shall say no more till I have had full time to weigh every word I shall +use, and every step I mean to take. In the meantime I am, + +"Dear S'r, + +"Yr obliged humble serv't, + +"HOR. WALPOLE. + +"P.S. My refusal of the patent for my life has shown what value I set +upon it; but _I will_ have justice, especially for my character, which +no consideration upon earth shall prevent my seeking. It must and shall +be known whether I enjoy the place to the wrong of any man living. You +have my free consent, S'r, to show this letter to whom you please; I +have nothing to conceal, and am ready to submit my conduct to the whole +world." + + * * * * * + +LADY ARABELLA STUART. + +As a pendant to Mr. P. Cunningham's "New Facts about Lady Arabella +Stuart" (No. 1. p. 10.). I send you a copy of Bishop James' Account and +Quietus in respect of 300l., placed in his hands "for the expences of +dyett and other chardges of the Ladye Arabella Seymour comytted to his +safe kepinge." The original document is in my possession. + +ROBT. COLE. +Feb. 11, 1850. + + "_The Accompte of the Lorde Byshopp of Durham for cccli, + receaved for the chardge of the Ladye Arbella Seymour._ + + "The Declaration of the Accompte of the Reverende Father in God + Will'm James Lorde Bysshoppe of Duresme for the some of Three + hundreth poundes imprested to him out of the Receipte of the + Kinges ma^ts Exchequer at Westmynster for the expences of dyett + and other chardges of the Ladye Arbella Seymour comytted to his + safe kepinge w^th an inteneon to have caryed into the + Bysshoprycke of Duresme there to have remayned under his chardge + duringe the Kynges ma^ts pleasure, viz^t betweene the xiiij^th + of Marche 1610 in the viij^th year of his highnes raigne and the + last daye of the same moneth as followeth. + + "_Readye money receaved, viz. of_ + + "The Threasorer and vnder threr. of Th'exchequer in Mychas terme + in the viijth yeare of the Kinges ma'ts raigne by t'handes of + Thomas Wattson Esquire one of the Tell'rs for the chardges of + himselfe and his servaunts in his yorney w'th the saide Ladye + Arbella Seymour by pvie Seale dated the xiij of March 1610 and + Lves of the Lordes of the Councell ..._cccli_. whereof + + "_Expences of dyett and other chardges of the Ladye Arabella + Seymour & others attendinge upon her, viz_. + + "_Expences of dyett_ + + "At Highgate for sixe dayes begonne the xvth daye of Marche 1610 + and ended the xxjst of the same moneth on w'ch daye her + Ladyshippe remoued to Barnett. xviij_li._ vs. lijd. + + "At Barnett for xj^en dayes begonne the xxjst of Marche 1610 at + Supper and ended the firste of Aprill 1611 at breakefaste beinge + that daye remoued to Eastbarnett. lxxj_li._ vs. viijd. + + "_Chardges of y^e Stable, viz_. + + "Chardges of the Stable for the xvij dayes aboue-menconed, viz. + at Highgate for vj dayes ix_li._ xvijs. xd. and at Barnett for + xj dayes with vs. for dressinge one of the lytter horses + xxviij_li._ xijs. xjd., in all the some of xxxviij_li._ xs. ixd. + {275} + + "_Lodginge and other necessaries, viz._ + + "Lodginge of some of the retinewe of the Lady Arbella and the + sayde Lorde Bysshoppe, viz. Highgate xxs. and at Barnett viijs., + in all xxviijs. + + "Fyer lightes and other nessces with the lodginge of the saide + Lorde Bysshoppe and some of his servauntes at Highgate and + Barnett during the xvij dayes aforesaide. xj_li._ xjs. + + "Rydinge and postinge chardges, viz. for posthorses from Lambeth + to Highgate xxxiiijs. iiijd. and from thence to Barnett + xxxiiijs. ixd. Mr. Beeston and others for there chardges three + several tymes to Barnett from London and from Highgate xljs. + iiijd. the servauntes of the Lorde Bysshoppe of Durham sent at + several tymes in the Lordes of the Councell and for other + busynesses concerning this servyce xlvs. vjd. and to Sr. James + Crofes Knight for the chardges of himselfe his men and horses + from Monday to Wednesday night attendinge at London for this + service xlijs. vijd., in all ix_li._ xviijs. vjd. + + "Rewardes to sondrye psons, viz. to messengers sent from the + Courte duringe the stay of the Lorde Bysshoppe at Highgate and + Barnett xxxixs. vjd. Dyverse psons whoe tooke paynes at those + twoe places vij_li._ xijs., vjd., given in the Yune for glasses + broken and in rewardes to the meaner servauntes at Barnett + xxxs., given to such an attended about the posthorses vijs. vjd. + and in rewarde to one of the Tellors Clerkes whoe told and + delivered the ccc_li._ and came to Durham House for the + acquittance xxs., in all xij_li._, ixs. vjd. + + "Money payde by the saide Lorde Bysshoppe pte of the ccc_li._ by + him receaved to Nicholas Paye gen. whoe hath for the same yelded + his accompte to the Kinges ma'tie. c_li._.--cclxiij_li._ viijs. + viijd. + + "Aud soe remayneth the some of xxxvj_li._ xjs. iiijd. + + "Whiche some the saide Lorde Bysshoppe of Durham hath payde into + the Kinges m'ts receipte of Th'excheq'r the vij'th daye of + Februarie in the nynth yere of his highnes raigne as by the + tallie thereof remayninge may appeare. And soe here Quyte. + + "EX p FRA GOFTON + + "Auditorem." + + * * * * * + +THE NAME MARTEL. + +I must confess that the article in No. 6. p. 86., which deprived Charles +Martel of his long-possessed distinction of "the hammerer" gave me but +little satisfaction. It was one of those old associations that one does +not like to have destroyed. I could not, however, contradict your +correspondents; and remained that very uncomfortable person, "a man +convinced against his will." On turning over my Ménagiana, yesterday, I +stumbled upon the name "Martel," and, as the passage combines both your +elements (being a good note, and producing a query) I beg leave to offer +it to you. + + "Dans le ll'me siècle les procès se faisaìent aux vassaux par + leurs Pairs, c'est-à-dire, par leurs convassaux, et toute sorte + de procès se font encore présentement en Angleterre à toutes + sortes d'accusés par leurs Pairs, c'est-à-dire, par des + personnes de leur même état et de leur même condition, à la + réserve des Bourreaux et des Bouchers, qui, à cause de leur + cruauté ne sont point juges. _Géoffroi Martel_, Comte d'Anjou, + fit faire ainsi le procès à Guérin de Craon, qu'il avait fait + foi et hommage de la Baronnie de Craon à Conan, duc de Bretange. + Géoffroi fit assembler ses Barons, qui, selon l'ancienne forme + observée en matière féodale, firent le procès à Guérin, son + vassal, et le condamnèrent, quoiqu'il fùt absent.--Et il est à + remarquer à ce propos, que le Pape Innocent III., qui + favourisait Jean _sans-Terre_, parcequ'en 1213 il avait soûmis + son royaume d'Angleterre au Saint Siége au devoir de mille marcs + d'argent par an, ayant allegué aus Ambassadeurs de Philippe + Auguste que Jean _sans-Terre_ avait été condammé absent, et que + les loix défendent de condamner les accusés sans les ouïr; ils + lui réspondirent que l'usage du Royaume de France était de + condamner les absents, aussi bien que les présents, lorqu'ils + avaient été deuëment cités en jugement. Chez les Romains il + n'était par permis de condamner les absents: _Non licet civem + inauditum damnare._" + +Now, Sir, this passage shows "_Martel_," as a name, like that of +"sans-Terre," bestowed for some quality or circumstances attached to the +bearer;--and I should like to ask your correspondents if they know how +this Comte d'Anjou, became entitled to it? He appears, from the date, to +be the same Geoffrey who is the ancestor of our Plantagenets, as the +Comte d'Anjou, contemporary with William the Conqueror, was named Fulk. +If it can be proved that this Count received this addition from his +martial prowess, I shall be strongly tempted to return to my creed +regarding Charles Martel. + +W. ROBSON. + + * * * * * + +QUERIES AS TO JUNIUS. + +Amongst the letters attributed to Junius, and, in the opinion of Dr. +Good, most certainly his production, is one signed "ATTICUS," under date +of the 19th Aug. 1768, which contains an allusion to the private affairs +of the writer, by no means unimportant. It is as follows:-- + + "The greatest part of my property having been invested in the + funds, I could not help paying some attention to rumours or + events by which my fortune might be affected: yet I never lay in + wait to take advantage of a sudden fluctuation, much less would + I make myself a bubble to bulls and bears, or a dupe to the + pernicious arts practised in the Alley. I thought a prudent man, + who had any thing to lose, and really meant to do the best for + himself and his family, ought to consider the state of things at + large, of the prospect before him, and the probability of public + events. _A letter which appeared some days ago in the Public + Advertizer_ revived many serious reflections of this sort in my + mind, because it seemed to be written with candour and judgment. + _The effect of those reflections was, that I did not hesitate to + alter the situation of my property._ + + "I owe my thanks to that writer that I am safely {276} _landed_ + from a troubled ocean of fear and anxiety on which I think I + will venture my fortune and my happiness again," &c. &c. + +There is no reason to question the truth of these sentiments. The letter +is believed to be the first which appeared signed "ATTICUS," and was +written many months before the author became known as Junius, and before +any necessity had arisen for the exercise of that habitual caution which +he afterwards evinced in the mention of any circumstance at all likely +to lead to his detection. Would it not, therefore, be worth while to +ascertain the date of the letter in the _Public Advertizer_ which +influenced him, and then to search the names of the transferrors of +stock between that time and the 19th August? Many of the contributors to +the "Notes and Queries" have influence sufficient to obtain permission +from the proper authority for such a search. It is observable, that as +the amount _transferred_ formed the _greatest part_ of his property, it +would be somewhat considerable, and might not be sold in the aggregate, +but pass in various sums to several purchasers. + +JNO. SUDLOW. +Manchester. + + +_Junius and Sir G. Jackson._--I find no one has answered my question +about Sir George Jackson (No. 11. p. 172.). I will therefore put +another. I possess an unpublished letter by Junius to Woodfall, which +once belonged to Sir George Jackson. My Query is, "Is it likely he could +have obtained it from Junius, if he was neither Junius himself nor a +party concerned?" The manner in which Burke evades the question as to +himself being the author of _Junius_ makes me think two or three were +concerned in these _Letters_. + +P. + + * * * * * + +NEW EDITION OF REV. DR. OWEN'S WORKS. + +I gladly avail myself of the hint thrown out by "R.R." (in No. 17.) to +state that as I am engaged in editing a reprint of the works of the Rev. +Dr. Owen, and as I am exceedingly anxious to ensure accuracy in the +quotations from and references to the Fathers, any suggestions which may +be furnished by those of your learned correspondents who may be +conversant with the works in question, will be very acceptable. I should +wish much to obtain _original editions_ of the leading works, such as +that _On the Person of Christ_; _On the Work of the Spirit_; _On the +Death of Death, in the Death of Christ_. Have any of your correspondents +ever taken the trouble of collating the Greek and Latin quotations with +the authors quoted from, and examined the references made to the Fathers +and other ancient writers? Any communication addressed to the editor of +the works of Owen at Messrs. Johnstone and Hunter, Publishers, +Edinburgh, will be promptly forwarded to me. + +J.G. +Dunnichen, Forfarshire. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_MS. Book of Hours._--In the sale catalogue of the library of John +Bridges, of Lincoln's Inn, February, 1725, is entered Lot 4311:-- + + "Missale quondam Henrici VII., regis Angliæ, ut ex ipsius + autographo in codicis initio patet, pulcherrime illuminatum, et + inconibus fere 80 exornatum. In pergameno, et ornatissime + compact." + +It appears, from Wanley's _Diary_ (MS. Lansd. 772.), that this volume, +which he calls a _Primer_, was purchased for the Earl of Oxford (for +31l. 10s., as I learn from a priced copy of the catalogue), and was +highly valued. To judge from the above description, it must have been a +very beautiful book; and as it does not seem to be at present among the +Harleian collection of MSS. in the British Museum, I should be glad to +learn into whose hands it has fallen. It is _not_ the celebrated volume +of _Hours_ known under the name of the _Bedford Missal_, since that was +purchased by Lord Harley of Lady Worseley, and is now in the possession +of the Rev. Mr. Tobin;--nor is it the book of _Hours_ in the library of +the Duke of Devonshire (described by Dr. Dibbin in the _Bibl. +Decameron_, vol. i. p. 155.), which contains the autograph notes of +Henry VII.;--nor is it the similar volume formerly in the libraries of +George Wilkinson, of Tottenham Green (sold in 1836), and the Rev. Will. +Maskell, and now MS. Add. 17,012. in the British Museum, in which are +seen the autographs of Henry VII. and his Queen, Henry VIII., Catherine +of Aragon, and others;--nor is it the beautiful volume of _Hours_ +executed for René d'Anjou, and subsequently presented to Henry VII. by +his chaplain George Strangeways, Archdeacon of Coventry (now in the +British Museum, MS. Eg. 1070.);--nor, lastly, is it the book of _Hours_ +in the collection of George III. (No. 9.), which contains the autograph +writing of Henry VIII. + +F.M. +B.M., Feb. 19. 1850. + + +_Bess of Hardwick._--Elizabeth, or Bess of Hardwick, celebrated for her +distaste for celibacy, makes a considerable figure in the histories of +the Cavendish family, who in some degree owed their greatness to her +judicious purchases and careful management of their Derbyshire estates. + +It appears, from the _Derbyshire Visitations_, that she was one of the +daughters of John Hardwick, of Hardwick co. Derby, by his wife +Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Leake, of Hasland co. Derby, and that John +Hardwick died 19 Hen. VIII. + +Can any of your readers inform me of the pedigree of this John +Hardwick?--what arms, crest, motto and quarterings he made use of?--what +persons now living are descended from him?--and what became of his +estates? + +I presume that your typographical arrangements {277} do not admit of the +insertion of a regular pedigree; but the descents may be stated as in +Burke and similar Books. + +GULES + + +_Cæsar's Wife._.--"NASO" wishes to know where the proverbial saying, +"Cæsar's wife must not even be suspected," first occurs. + +_Minar's Books of Antiquities._--Can any one conversant with the works +of Cardinal Nicolas de Cusa inform me what author he quotes as "Minar in +his Books of Antiquities," in what language, and where existing? _De +Doctâ Ignorantiâ_, I. i. cap. 7. + +A.N. + + +_Proverb against Physicians._--"M.D." wishes to be informed of the +earliest writer who mentions the proverb "Ubi tres Medici, duo Athei." + + +_Compendyous Olde Treatyse._--In Ames's _Typographical Antiquities_, +vol. i. p. 405. (ed. Herbert), is described a work, printed by Rycharde +Banckes, some time between 1525 and 1545, entitled, "A compendyous olde +treatyse shewynge howe that we ought to have the Scripture in Englyshe, +with the Auctours." 12mo. 18 leaves. This copy belonged to Herbert +himself, and was probably obtained at the sale of Thomas Granger, in +1732. Any information as to its wherabout at present, or the existence +of any other copy of the above tract, would confer a fabour on the +inquirer. + +F.M. + + +_The Topography of Foreign Printing Presses._--I have often been at a +loss to discover the locality of names which designate the places where +books have been printed at Foreign presses; and "when found" to "make a +note of it." I was therefore pleased to find in No. 16. p. 251., by the +reply of "R.G." to Mr. Jebb, that "_Cosmopolis_ was certainly +Amsterdam," and that "Coloniæ" signifies "Amstelædami." And I will take +the liberty of suggesting that it would be an acceptable service +rendered to young students, if your learned correspondents would +occasionally communicate in the pages of your work, the modern names, +&c. of such places as are not easily gathered from the books themselves. + +P.H.F. + + +_Cromwell's Estates._--In Carlyle's edition of _Cromwell's Letters and +Speeches_, there is a note (p. 75. vol. iv. of the 3rd ed. 1850) +containing a list of the estates which the Protector owned at the time +of his death, as follows; there being, besides Newhall, specified as "in +Essex," five, viz.-- + +"Dalby, +Broughton, +Burleigh, +Oakham, and +Egleton." + +of which the editor has ascertained the localities; and six, viz.-- + + £ s. d +"Gower, valued at 479 0 0 per an. +Chepstall valued at 549 7 3 +Magore valued at 448 0 0 +Sydenham valued at 3121 9 6 +Woolaston valued at 664 16 6 +Chaulton valued at 500 0 0," + +of which, he say, "he knows nothing." + +It would surely be a proper, and, one might hope, an attainable object +of inquiry, to search out these unplaced estates of the great Protector, +and give them a local habitation in modern knowledge. This is precisely +one of the kind of queries which your publication seems best fitted to +aid; and I therefore submit it, in the hope of some discoveries, to your +correspondents. + +V. +Belgravia, Feb. 18, 1850. + + +_What are Depinges?_--In the orders made in 1574 for regulating the +fishery at Yarmouth, the Dutch settlers there are "To provide themselves +with twine and _depinges_ in foreign places." What are Depinges? + +J.S.B. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES + +ORIGIN OF THE JEWS-HARP. + +The "Jews-harp," or "Jews-trump," is said by several authors to derive +its name from the nation of the Jews, and is vulgarly believed to be one +of their instruments of music. Dr. Littleton renders Jews-trump by +_Sistrum Judaicum_. But no such musical intrument is spoken of by any of +the old authors that treat of the Jewish music. In fact, the Jews-harp +is a mere boy's plaything, and incapable of in itself of being joined +either with a voice or any other instrument; and its present orthography +is nothing more than a corruption of the French _Jeu-trompe_, literally, +a toy trumpet. It is called _jeu-trompe_ by Bacon, _Jew-trump_ by +Beaumont and Fletcher, and _Jews-harp_ by Hackluyt. In a rare +black-letter volume, entitled _Newes from Scotland_, 1591, there is a +curious story of one Geilles Duncan, a noted performer on the +"Jews-harp," whose performance seems not only to have met with the +approval of a numerous audience of witches, but to have been repeated in +the presence of royalty, and by command of no less a personage than the +"Scottish Solomon," king James VI. Agnes Sampson being brought before +the king's majesty and his council, confessed that + + "Upon the night of All-hallow-even last, shee was accompanied as + well with the persons aforesaid, as also with a great many other + witches, to the number of two-hundredth; and that all they + together went to sea, each one in a riddle or sive, and went + into the same very substantially, with flaggons of wine, making + merrie, and drinking by the way, in the same riddle or sives, to + the Kirk of North Barrick in Lowthian; and that after {278} they + had landed, tooke handes on the lande and daunced this reill or + short daunce, singing all with one voice, + + "'Commer goe ye before, commer goe ye: + Gif ye will not goe before, commer let me.' + + "At which time, she confessed that this Geilles Duncan (a + servant girl) did goe before them, playing this reill or daunce + uppon a small _trumpe_ called a _Jews-trumpe_, until they entred + into the Kirk of North Barrick. These confessions made the King + in a wonderfull admiration, and sent for the said Geilles + Duncan, who upon the like _trumpe_ did play the saide daunce + before the Kinge's Majestie; who in respect of the strangenes of + these matters tooke great delight to be present at their + examinations." + +It may be as well to mention that in the Belgic or Low Dutch, from +whence come many of our toys, a _tromp_ is a rattle for children. +Another etymon for _Jews-harp_ is _Jaws-harp_, because the place where +it is played upon is between the jaws. To those who wish to learn more +upon the subject, I beg to refer them to Pegge's _Anonymiana_; Dauncy's +_Ancient Scottish Melodies_; and to my edition of Chettle's _Kind-Harts +Dream_ printed by the Percy Society. + +Edward F. Rimbault. + + [We are indebted also to Trebor, E.W.D., J.F.M., and F.P. for + replies to this Query. They will perceive that Dr. Rimbault had + anticipated the substance of their several communications.] + + * * * * * + +ÆLFRIC'S COLLOQUY. + +I must trouble you and some of your readers with a few words, in reply +to the doubt of "C.W.G." (No. 16. p. 248.) respecting the word _sprote_. +I do not think the point, and the Capital letter to _saliu_ in the Latin +text, conclusive, as nothing of the kind occurs in the A.-S. version, +where the reading is clearly, "_swa hwylce swa_, on watere swymmath +sprote." I have seen the Cottonian MS., which, as Mr. Hampson observes, +is very distinctly written, both in the Saxon and Latin portions; so +much so in the latter, as to make it a matter of surprise that the +doubtful word _saliu_ should ever have been taken for _salu_, or +_casidilia_ for _calidilia_. The omission of the words _sprote_ and +_saliu_, in the St. John's MS., would only be evidence of a more +cautious scribe, who would not copy what he did not understand. + +Your correspondent's notion, "that the name of some fish, having been +first interlined, was afterwards inserted at random in the text, and +mis-spelt by a transcriber who did know its meaning," appears to me very +improbable; and the very form of the words (_sprote_, _saliu_, supposing +them substantives), which have not plural terminations, would, in my +mind, render his supposition untenable. For, be it recollected, that +throughout the answers of the Fiscere, the fish are always named in the +_plural_; and it is not to be supposed that there would be an exception +in favour of _sprote_, whether intended for _sprat_ or _salmon_. Indeed, +had the former been a river fish, Hulvet and Palsgrave would have +countenanced the supposition; but then we must have had it in the plural +form, _sprottas_. As for the suggestion of _sprod_ and _salar_, I cannot +think it a happy one; salmon (_leaxus_) had been already mentioned; and +_sprods_ will be found to be a very confined local name for what, in +other places, are called _scurfes_ or _scurves_, and which we, in our +ignorance, designate as salmon trout. In the very scanty A.-S. +ichthyologic nomenclature we possess, there is nothing to lead us to +imagine that our Anglo-Saxon ancestors had any corresponding word for a +salmon trout. I must be excused, therefore, for still clinging to my own +explanation of _sprote_, until something more _specious_ and _ingenious_ +shall be advanced, but in full confidence, at the same time, that some +future discovery will elucidate its truth. + +S.W. Singer. + +Feb. 19. 1850. + + * * * * * + +REHETING AND REHETOURS. + +As Dr. Todd's query (no. 10. p. 155.) respecting the meaning of the +words "Reheting" and "Rehetour," used by our early English writers, has +not hitherto been answered, I beg to send him a conjectural explanation, +which, if not conclusive, is certainly probable. + +In the royal household of France, there was formerly an officer whose +duty it was to superintend the roasting of the King's meat; he was +called the _Hâteur_, apparently in the sense of his "hastening" or +"expediting" that all-important operation. The Fr. _Hâter_, "to hasten +or urge forward," would produce the noun-substantive _Hâteur_; and also +the similar word _Hâtier_, the French name for the roast-jack. If we +consider _Rehâteur_ to be the reduplicate of _Hâteur_, we have only to +make an allowable permutation of vowels, and the result will be the +expressive old English word "Rehetour," an appropriate name for the +royal turnspit. Wycliffe uses it, I think, in the sense of a superfluous +servant, one whose duties, like the Hâteur's, were very light indeed. He +compares the founding of new Orders in an overburthened +Church-establishment to the making of new offices in a household already +crowded with useless (and consequently idle and vicious) servants. The +multitude of fat friars and burly monks charged upon the community were +"the newe rehetours that ete mennes mete," &c. + +The term, thus implying an useless "do-nothing," would soon become one +of the myriad of choice epithets in the vulgar vocabulary, as in the +instances from Dunbar and Kennedy. + +In a better sense, a verb would be derived, easily; "to rehâte," or +"rehete," i.e. "to provide, {279} entertain, or refresh with meat," and +thence, "to feast with words," as used by Chaucer and the old +Romancists. + +Mr. Halliwell's authorities for rendering the participle "Rehating" by +"Burning, or smarting," are not given; but if such a meaning existed, it +may have a ready explanation by reference to the Hâuteur's fireside +labour, though suggestive of unskilfulness or carelessness on his part. + +John Westby Gibson. + +5. Queen Square, Aldersgate Street, Feb. 8. 1850. + + +In answer to Dr. Todd's inquiries, I would say, first of all, the +"rehatours" of Douglas and the other Scots are beside his question, and +a totally different word. Feelings cherished in the mind will recur from +time to time; and those malevolent persons, who thus retain them, were +said to _re-hate_, as they are now said to re-sent. + +But the verb really in question is, _per se_, a perfectly plain one, to +re-heat. The difficulty is as to its use. The primary use, of course, is +to _heat again_. The nearest secondary use is "to cherish, cheer, or +comfort, to refocillate;" which is too plain to require more words. +Another secondary meaning is "to re-vive or to re-kindle" in its +metaphoric sense. This may be said well, as of life, health, or hope; or +ill, as of war, hatred, grief; or indifferently, as of love. What +difficulty Mr. Tyrwhitt could find in "the revival of Troilus's bitter +grief" being called "the reheating of his sore sighs," I cannot imagine. +Even literal heat is not wanting to sighs, and is often ascribed to them +by poets: and lovers' sighs are warm in every sense. I think Tyrwhitt +has thrown upon this passage the only darkness that involves it. + +Now comes the more difficult point, which alone concerns Dr. Todd in his +highly interesting labours upon Wycliffe. And the method which, until +better advised, I should be inclined to follow with those passages, is +to take the word nearly, though not exactly, in what seems to have been +its most usual sense; not indeed for comforters or cherishers, but for +those who promote comfort and convenience, viz., ministers or servants. +It does not at all follow, because he is blaming the introduction of +these persons as expensive, superfluous, and otherwise evil, that he +describes them by a word expressive of evil. As a ministering angel +would be a reheting angel, so I take a rehetor here to be simply a +minister, one who waits upon your occasions and serves you. + +A.N. + + * * * * * + +ARABIC NUMERALS. + +The history of the Arabic numerals, as they are generally called, is so +mixed up with that of the use of the decimal scale, that they form, in +fact, but a single inquiry. The mere history of the bare forms of +symbols has, doubtless, its use: but then it is only in the character of +_matériel_ for a philosophical discussion of the question--a discussion +into which the natural progress of the human mind and the urgency of +social wants must enter largely. + +It might at first sight appear, from the cognate character of the Hebrew +and Arabic languages, that the idea of using a single symbol for each +number, might originate with either--with one as likely as with the +other. But on reflection it will readily appear that the question rather +resolves itself into one respecting the "hand-cursive" of the Jews and +Saracens, than into one respecting the constitution of the languages. Of +the Jewish we know nothing, or next to nothing, at the period in +question; whilst the Arabic is as well known as even our own present +style of calligraphy. It deserves to be more carefully inquired into +than has yet been done, whether the invention of contracting the written +compound symbols of the digital numbers into single symbols did not +really originate amongst the Jews rather than the Saracens; and even +whether the Arabs themselves did not obtain them from the "Jew +merchants" of the earlier ages of our era. One thing is tolerably +certain:--that the Jew merchant would, as a matter of precaution, keep +all his accounts in some secret notation, or in cipher. Whether this +should be a modified form of the Hebrew notation, or of the Latin, must +in a great degree depend upon the amount of literary acquirement common +amongst that people at the time. + +Assuming that the Jews, as a literate people, were upon a par with their +Christian contemporaries, and that their knowledge was mainly confined +to mere commercial notation, an anonymous writer has shown how the +modifications of form could be naturally made, in vol. ii. of the _Bath +and Bristol Magazine_, pp. 393-412.; the motto being _valent quanti +valet_, as well as the title professing it to be wholly "conjectural." +Some of the speculations in it may, however, deserve further +considerations than they have yet received.[1] + +The contraction of the compound symbols for the first nine digits into +single "figures," enabled the computer to dispense with the manual +labour of the _abacus_, whilst in his graphic notation he retained its +essential principle of _place_. It seems to be almost invariably +forgotten by writers on {280} the subject, what, without _this +principle_, no improvement in mere notation would have been of material +use in arithmetic; and on the other hand that the main difference +between the arithmetic of the _abacus_ and the arithmetic of the +_slate_, consists in the inevitable consequences of the denotation of +the single digits by single symbols. + +The _abacus_, however, in its ordinary form, is essentially a decimal +instrument: but its form was also varied for commercial purposes, +perhaps in different ways. I never heard of the existence of one in any +collection: but there is preserved in the British Museum a picture of +one. This was printed by Mr. Halliwell in his _Rara Mathematica_--not a +fac-simile, but a rule and type representation of it, ciphers being used +by him for the circles in the original. Mr. Halliwell gives it without +note or remark; and evidently had not divined its meaning. This was +done, however, soon after in a review of Mr. Halliwell's book in the +_Philosophical Magazine_. I am not able at this moment to refer to +either, so as to give exact dates: but is was somewhere from 1838 to +1840. + +Perhaps, however, I am giving "E.V." information that may be irrelevant +to his purpose; though it may of some use to another class of inquirers. +I proceed, therefore, to one or two notices that seem to have a more +direct bearing on his object: + +1. Chasles' _Aperçu Historique sur l'Origine et le Développement de +Méthodes en Géométrie_; passim, but especially in note xii.: 4to., +Bruxelles, 1837. + +2. Chasles' several notices in _Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Acad. +des Sciences._ All subsequent to the "Aperçu." + +His _Catalogue des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque de Ville de Chartres_ +should also be consulted, if accessible to "E.V." Copies of it, however, +are very rare in the country, as it was privately printed and never +published. If, however, your correspondent have any serious inquiry in +view which should render his consultation of it desirable, I can put it +in his power to do so personally through you. + +3. Libri, several notices in the same series of papers. + +4. Libri, _Histoire des Sciences Mathématiques en Italie_. Several +places. Bactulica. Paris, 1838-1841. 4 tomes. 8vo. + +5. Peacock (Dean of Ely), "Arithmetic," in the _Encyclopædia +Metropolitana_. This is now, I believe to be had either separately, or +in the volume devoted to pure "Mathematics." + +6. De Morgan, _Penny Cyclopædia_ in loc., and occasionally elsewhere in +the work. + +7. Leslie's _Philosophy of Arithmetic_. + +8. Humboldt, in a paper which is translated in the _Journal of the Royal +Institution_, vol. xxix. + +I believe a good many other references might be made, with little +trouble, to foreign Mémoires; and (perhaps still more to your +correspondent's apparent purpose) to some amongst the Mémoires that +relate to inscriptions and topography, rather that amongst those +relating directly to science or literature. However, the two parts of +the subject cannot be effectively studied separately from each other; +and I am not without a hope that these straggling notes may be of some +use to "E.V." + +Under the view of inscriptions it occurs to my memory that in two or +three places on the church of St. Brelade in Jersey, there are marked +four vertical straight lines, which are interpreted by the natives to +signify the Arabic numerals 1111; as the date MCXI of the building of +the church. The church is evidently a very ancient one, and it is agreed +to be the oldest in the island, and the island historians assign it to +the early part of the 12th century. For these symbols being coeval with +the building I do not vouch: as (though it is difficult to say what may +constitute antiquity in the look of four parallel lines) I confess that +to my eye they had "as modern a look" as four such lines could well +have. The sudden illness of one of my party during our visit (1847), +however, precluded my examining that beautiful spot and its interesting +little church with the care I should have wished. + +I may be allowed to suggest the necessity of some degree of caution in +discussing this question: especially not to assume that any Arabic +numerals which appear in ecclesiastical inscriptions are coeval with the +dates they express; but rather inquire whether, from the condition of +the stone bearing the inscription, these numbers may not have been put +there at a later period, during repairs and alterations of the building +itself. It is for many reasons improbable, rather than otherwise, that +the Arabic numerals should have been freely used (if used at all) on +_ecclesiastical structures_ till long after the Reformation: indeed they +are not so even yet. + +But more. Even where there is authentic evidence of such symbols being +used in ecclesiastical inscriptions, the forms of them will tell +nothing. For generally in such cases an antique form of symbol would be +assumed, if it were the alteration of a "learned clerk;" or the +arabesque taste of the carver of the inscription would be displayed in +grotesque forms. We would rather look for genuine than coeval symbols of +this kind upon tombs and monuments, and the altar, than upon the +building itself; and these will furnish collateral proofs of the +genuineness of the entire inscriptions rather than any other class of +architectural remains. The evidence of the inscriptions on "Balks and +beams" in old manorial dwellings is especially to be suspected. + +T.S.D. + +Shooter's Hill, Feb 11, 1850. + + [Footnote 1: In vol. iii. of the same work is another paper by + the same author, entitled, "Conjectures respecting the Origin of + Alphabetic writing," pp. 365-384. Reference to these papers is + principally made, not on the ground of any assumed merit, but + because _all_ that has been written on any given subject ought, + if possible, to be brought before the minds of those engaged in + the prosecution of the inquiry.] + + +_Arabic Numerals._--If you think the following {281} title will do for +your correspondent "E.V." (No. 15. p. 230.), please to communicate it to +him: + + "Mannert, K., de Numerorum, quos arabicos voc., vera origine + pythagorico; e. Fig. aen. 8vo. Nürnberg, 1801." + +Oscar Heun. + +Cambridge, Feb. 11. 1850. + + +_Arabic Numerals_ (No. 15. p. 230.).--Your correspondent should consult +Peacock's "History of Arithmetic" in the _Encyclopædia Metropolitana_; +and, if he can get them, the notes to Chasles' _Aperçu Historique des +Méthodes en Géométric_, and various papers of Mr. Chasles, published in +the _Comptes Rendus_ of the French Institute. He may perhaps find some +information in De Morgan's _Arithmetical Books_, particularly at p. 14. + +M. + + * * * * * + +THE FRATERNITY OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE--CHAUCER'S NIGHT CHARM. + +In a little work by Costanzi, entitled _Le Istituzioni di Pieta che si +esercitano in Roma_, &c., and published A.D. 1825, in Rome, where the +schools under the management of that brotherhood are in great favour, +"C.F.S." will find much to interest him on the subject, though not +exactly in the order in which he has put his queries (No. 14. p. 214.), +nor to their full extent. + +Mr. Thoms, to whom English mediæval literature is so much beholden, asks +very earnestly for some information about "the white Paternoster" and +"seynte Petres soster," (No. 15. p. 229.). Perhaps the following guesses +may not be without use. First, then, about the "white Paternoster:" + +Henry Parker, a Carmelite friar of Doncaster, who wrote his admirable +_Compendiouse Treatyse, or Dialogue of Dives and Pauper_, during the +reign of Edward IV., speaking against superstitions, and especially +"craftes and conjurations with holy prayers," says: + + "They that use holy wordes of the gospel, Pater noster, Ave, or + Crede, or holy prayers in theyr wytchecraftes, for charmes or + conjurations--they make a full hye sacrifice to the fende. It + hath oft ben knowen, that wytches, with sayenge of their Pater + noster and droppynge of the holy candell in a man's steppes that + they hated, hath done his fete rotton of. Dr. What should the + Pater noster, and the holy candell do therto? Pau. Ryght nought. + But for the wytche worshyppeth the fende so highly with the holy + prayers, and with the holy candell, and used suche holy thinges + in despyte of God therefore is the fende redy to do the wytche's + wylle and to fulfyll thinges that they done it for. 'The Fyrst + Command,' cap. XXXV. Fol. 52. Imprynted by T. Berthelet, 1536. + 12mo." + +That the Pater noster used sometimes to be said with the wicked design +of working ill to individuals, and by those who were deemed witches, is +clear form the above extract: may not, then, this "wytche's" Pater +noster be the "white" Pater noster, against which the night-spell in +Chaucer was employed? "Wyche" may easily be imagined to have glided into +"white." + +"Seynte Petres soster," I suspect has a reference to St. Petronilla's +legend. St. Petronilla, among our forefathers, was called St. Pernell, +and _The Golden Lengend_ imprinted 1527, by Wynkyn de Word, tells us, +fol. cxxxi. b., that she "was doughter of saynt peter thappostle, whiche +was ryght fayre and bewteous, and by the wyll of her fader she was vexed +with fevers and akes." For a long while she lay bed-ridden. From the +name of this saint, who went through so many years of her life in +sickness, perhaps was borrowed the word "pernell," to mean a person in a +sickly weak state of health, in which sense, Sir Thomas More (_Works_, +London, 1557, p. 893) employs it, while bantering Tindal. St. Peter's +daughter (St. Pernell) came to be looked upon, in this country, as the +symbol of bad health under all its forms. Now, if we suppose that the +poet mistook, and wrote "soster" instead of "doughter," we immediately +understand the drift of the latter part of the spell, which was, not +only to drive away witchcraft, but guard all the folks in that house +from sickness of every kind. + +Daniel Rock. + +Buckland, Faringdon. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_By Hook or by Crook--Pokership--Gib Cat--Emerod._--I regret that very +pressing business has hitherto prevented me from supplying an omission +in my communication relating to the probable derivation of "By Hook or +by Crook;" namely, my authority for saying there was evidence of the +usage I referred to in forest customs. I now beg to supply that +omission, by referring to the numerous claims for fuel wood made by +divers persons at the justice seats held in the reigns of Charles I. and +Charles II. for the New Forest, and which will be found at the Tower and +Chapter House. Among others of these claims, I would mention that made +by the tenant of land in Barnford, No. 112., who claims to have had the +privilege, from _time immemorial_, of going into the king's wood to take +the _dead branches_ off the trees therein, "with a cart, a horse, a +_Hook and a Crook_, and a sail cloth." Verily this necessity for a sail +cloth seems to point very distinctly to his being obliged to collect his +fire-wood "by Hook or by Crook." May I add, that I do not think that any +of the notes I have seen hitherto, with reference to this subject, +invalidate the supposition of the origin being forestal; all that they +{282} appear to me to prove is, that the saying is of long standing. + +With reference to the query regarding the word Pokership (No. 12. p. +185.), I would observe, that the word is correctly copied from the +grant, and that it was so spelt in all the previous grants that I have +been able to refer to. As to the meaning of the word, I am of the +opinion that it is intended to express the office of keeping the hogs in +the forest, i.e. Porcarius. Pokership was probably spelt in early times +Pawkership, from Pawn, I apprehend; subsequently it was either spelt or +pronounced Paukership or Pokership. In corroboration of this view, I +would mention, that on referring to the Pipe Roll, 6 John, county of +_Hereford_, the following will be found:--"Hubert de Burgo, Et i libæ +const. Parcario de heford, xxxs. vd." If, however, Parkership be deemed +the more correct reading, still it does not of necessity apply to the +custody of a park; it might have denoted the pound-keeper, for, in +matters relating to manors, _parcus_ means a pound. + +With respect to the query about Gib Cat, you will find the subject +treated on largely in the _Etymologicon_--I may say, exhausted. + +By the bye, there can be no doubt that Emerod means Emerald; formerly +Emerald would be spelt Emeraud, and the transition is natural to +Emerode--Emerod. With regard to the supposed size being an objection to +this reading, it will be found that anciently the _matrix_ of the +Emerald, which is _tinged_ green, went by the name of the more valuable +jewel. + +T.R.F. + +Spring Gardens, Feb. 1850. + + +_Golden Frog_ (No. 14. p. 214.).--Sir John Poley's frog may have been a +device alluding to his name; I imagine that Poley is an appelative of +frogs. I find in Halliwell's _Dict. of Archaic Words_, "_Polly_wig," and +in Jamieson's _Scottish Dictionary_, "_Pow_lick," both meaning +_tadpole_, and both _diminutive_ forms; and Rowley _Poley_ is closely +(though not very logically) connected with the _frog_ who would a-wooing +go. The word has probably the same root as _poole_, _puddle_, &c. + +R.R. + + +_Madoc._--In addition to what is stated (No. 4. p. 56.) on this subject, +may be noted, that in the MS. Add. 14,957. British Museum, fol. 149., is +a letter from Dr. David Samwell to the Gwyneddigion Society, dated 23rd +March, 1791, in which he states, that the result of an interview, held +by himself and William Owen with General Bowles, "places the existence +of a race of Welsh Indians beyond all matter of doubt." This race is +identified with _Padongas_ on the Missouri, who are said to be of a +different complexion from the other Indian races, and to have books, +which they were not able to read. Is this information to be depended on +or not? + +F.M. + + +_MSS. of Sir Roger Twysden_ (No. 5. p. 76.).--Twysden's MSS. were +purchased by Sir Thomas Sebright, in or before the year 1715, and in the +Sebright sale at Leigh and Sotheby's, in 1807, appear to be two of the +MSS. inquired after by the Rev. L.B. Larking, namely, Lot 1224., "Vita +et Epistolæ Sancti Thomæ, Archiepiscopi Cant." (purchased by Heber, and, +at his sale in 1836, resold [Lot 323.] to Sir Thomas Phillipps), and Lot +1225., "Epistolæ Beati Anselmi, Archieposcopi Cant.", purchased by +Dardis; but what became of it afterwards I know not. + +F.M. + + +_Royal Genealogies_ (No. 6. p. 92.).--The inquirer will find, probably, +what he requires, in a work by J.F. Dambergen, entitled, "Sechzig +genaealogische auch chronologische und statistische Tabellen, zu +Fürstentafel und Fürstenbuch der Europäischen Staatengeschichte," fol. +Regensburg, 1831, in which the descents are brought down to a recent +period. + +F.M. + + +_Astle's MSS._ (No. 15. p. 230.).--After the death of Astle, in 1803, +his collection of MSS. was purchased, pursuant to his will, for the sum +of 500l., by the Marquess of Buckingham, and they remained at Stowe till +the spring of last year, when they passed, with the rest of that noble +collection, into the hands of the Earl of Ashburnham, for the sum of +8000l.;--a loss to the public much to be regretted. + +F.M. + + +_Dr. Hugh Todd's MSS_. (No. 16. p. 246.).--The first of the five MSS. +mentioned by Mr. Walbran, namely, the Chartulary of Fountains Abbey, is +at present in University College, Oxford, and perhaps some of the other +MSS. may be there also. A catalogue of the MSS. of this College has been +printed, compiled by the Rev. H.O. Coxe, of the Bodleian Library; but I +have not been able to consult a copy of it in London. + +F.M. + + +_Sir William Ryder_ (No. 12. p. 186.),--"H.F." is informed that Sir +William Ryder, Lord Mayor of London in 1660, lived at Bethnal Green, +received the honour of knighthood, 12th March, 1660 or 1661; died 30th +August, 1669; and was buried 9th September following at St. Andrew +Undershaft, London. He had two sons, one of whom was Thomas Ryder, who +was an equerry to King James II., and lord of the manor of Bilsington, +in Kent. He performed some service at the coronation of Queen Anne; and +his son, Sir Barnham Ryder, was knighted at the coronation of her +successor. The other son of Sir William Ryder was William Ryder, +gentleman. Sir William Ryder had five daughters:--1. Elizabeth, who +married Richard, son of Sir Thomas Midleton, of Chirk Castle in +Denbighshire, knight. 2. Priscilla, the wife of Richard Baylie, son of +Dr. Baylie, Dean of {283} Sarum. 3. Mary. 4. Anne. 5. Martha.--_Harl. +MSS._ 5801, 5802. + +F.E. + + +_Scole Inn._--In answer to the query (No. 16. p. 245.) respecting the +Sign and House at Scole Inn, I beg to refer to vol. ii. p. 142., of the +_History of Norfolk_, published by Crouse and Booth of Norwich, in 1781, +in 10 vols. 8vo. + +I beg to state that I have impressions of two large prints, one of the +"House," and the other of the "Sign." They were published in +1740.--"Joshua Kirby," del., "John Fossey," sculpt. + +I have also a smaller print of the "Sign" taken from the opposite +side--from the larger one--apparently by the same parties, but the names +of the drawer and engraver are cut off. + +I think the Sign was not take down till after 1795, as I have a +recollection of having passed _under it_ when a boy, in going from +Norwich to Ipswich. + +The sign was large and handsome, and extended across the road. + +In _Kirby's Print_, it is stated to have cost Mr. James Peck, who was a +merchant at Norwich, 1057l. + +The prints are not very scarce, and may be got at many of the +printsellers in London. + +J.B. + + +About twenty years ago I have seen hanging up on the wall of the +principal entry of this inn, a print of its original front, comprising +the various figure, coats of arms, &c. which adorned it: in this account +the founder Peck was called a citizen of Norwich, and the traveller was +puzzled by this piece of information. "It is called Scole Inn, because +it is at about the same distance from Norwich, Ipswich, and Bury." + +M. Prendergast. + +7. Serjeant's Inn. Fleet Street, Feb. 19. 1850. + + +_Killigrew Family and Scole Inn Sign_ (No. 15. p. 231.).--Doubtless +there are pedigrees of the Killigrew family in the _Visitations of +Cornwall_, which would answer Mr. Lower's questions. Many notices of +them also occur in Gilbert's _History of Cornwall_, and Wood's _Athenæ +Oxon._, Bliss. ed., and both those works have good indexes. + +There is a folded engraving of Scole Inn Sign (No. 16. p. 245.) in +Armstrong's _History of Norfolk_, vol. ii. p. 144., but I never could +learn when or why the sign was removed. The couchant stag in the centre +was the Cornwallis crest. + +Braybrooke. + +Audley End. + + +_Pavoise of the Black Prince_ (No. 12. p. 183).--It is very probably +that the _Pavoise_ which "Bolton" mentions as hanging in his time at the +tomb of Edward the Black Prince, was no part of the original collection. + +"A quilted coat-armour, with _half-sleeves tabard fashion_," reads oddly +as part of this prince's costume; but we know that sometimes "Coming +events cast their shadows before." + +T.W. + + +_Welsh Ambassador._--The following use of the word "Welsh" _in +metaphor_, may perhaps serve as a clue to, or illustration of, G.'s +query (No. 15. p. 230.): + + _Andrew_. "In tough _Welsh_ parsley, which in our vulgar tongue, + is Strong hempen altars."--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Elder + Brother_, Act. 1. ad fin. + +Petit André + +Pleissis-les-Tours, Fevrier, 1850. + + +_Phoenix--by Lactantius._--"Seleucus" is informed, in answer to his +query in No. 13. p. 203., that he will find the Latin poem of the +_Phoenix_, in hexameters _and pentameters_, in that scarce little +volume, edited by Pithaeus, and published at Paris in 1590 (see Brunet), +_Epigrammata et Poematia Vetera, &c._ (of which I am happy to say I +possess a most beautiful copy), where it is headed "Phoenix, Incerti +Auctoris;" and again at the end of the edition of _Claudian_ by P. +Burmann Secundus Amsterdam, 1760), with the following title,--_Lactantia +Elegia, de Phoenice; vulgo Claudiano ad scripta, &c._, where also +another correspondent, "R.G." (in No. 15. p. 235.), will find much +information as to who was the author of the poem. + +C.J.C. + +Feb. 9. 1850. + + +_Catsup_ (no. 8. p. 125.).--"Catsup" is to be found thus spelt in Todd's +_Johnson's Dictionary_ (London, 1818). He describes it as a kind of +Indian pickles imitated by pickled mushrooms; and quotes these two lines +of Swift: + + "And for our home-bred British cheer, + Botargo, catsup, and cavier." + +An eminnet Sanscrit scholar informs me that "kuck-hup" is the +Hindostanee word for Turtle; it is to be met in the Vocabulary attached +to Gilchrist's _East Indian Guide_ (8vo. London, 1820). May not the name +of the sauce take its origin from the use of it in preparing the turtle +for the table? In the _Cuisinier Royal, par Viart_, p. 75., it is +mentioned among the "petites sauces," as ket-chop, "ou Soyac;" and the +receipt for making it ends with "servez le avec le poisson." (Published +at Paris, 1840.) + +C.I.R. + + +_The Buckingham Motto_ (No. 9. p. 138., and No. 16. p. 252.).--On +examining the original manuscript the true reading of this motto appears +to me to be, + + Sovente me sovene, + Harre Bokynghame. + +I should translate it, "souvent me souvenez;" an Anglo-French paraphrase +of "sis memor mei;" or, "Ne m'oubliez pas." I have great doubt {284} +whether the original MS. can be safely assumed to be an _autograph_. + +S. + + [Our correspondent "P." writes, "It surprises me your OEdipi + should be so wide of the mark in this motto. It is simply, 'Oft + remember me.'"] + + +_Devices of the Standards of the Anglo-Saxons_ (No. 14. p. 216.).--The +arms, i.e. the standards of the successive rulers of Britain, may be +found in Sir Winston Churchill's curious work, _Divi Britannici_, which +gives (as your correspondent supposes) the White Horse for Kent, the +White Dragon for Wessex, and the Raven for the Danes. + +C. + + +_Prutenicæ_ (No. 14. p. 215.).--The work to which your correspondent +alludes is, I presume, _Prutenicæ Tabulæ Cælestium Motuum, autore Erasmo +Reinholdo_: Tubingæ, 1562. This work is dedicated to Albert, Duke of +_Prussia_. In the dedication is the following passage: + + "Ego has tubulas _Prutenicas_ dici volui, ut sciret posteritas + tuâ liberalitate, Princeps Alberte, nos adjutos esse, et tibi + gratiam ab iis, quibus profuturæ sunt deberi." + +Reinhold therefore called them Prutenie, _i.e. Prussian_ tables, in +compliment to the reigning duke. _Pruteni_ is an ancient name of the +Prussians. Albert (grandson of Albert the Achilles, Margrave of +Brandenburg) was in 1511 elected Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, +who then held Prussia. He continued the war which his order had for some +time carried on with his uncle, Sigismund I., King of Poland. But he +subsequently embraced the doctrines of Luther, deserted his order, +became reconciled to Sigismund, and for his reward East Prussia was now +first raised into a duchy as a fief of Poland, and made hereditary in +his family. This Albert was the founder of the University of Konigsberg. +(See Puffendorff, Frederick the Great, and Robertson.) + +_Pandoxare_ (No. 13. p. 202., No. 15. p. 234.).--There is, or till very +lately was, an officer of Trinity College, Cambridge, called the +Pandoxator. He had the oversight of the college brewhouse, and formerly +of the college bakehouse also. See Monk's _Life of Bentley_, 2nd ed. i. +210. In Dr. Bentley's time the office seems to have been held by a +senior fellow. Of late years junior fellows have held the situation. + +C.H. Cooper. + +Cambridge, Feb. 11. 1850. + + +_Gazetteer of Portugal._--In answer to the inquiry of "Northman" (No. +16. p. 246.), P.C.S.S. has to state, that he believes that the most +recent, as it is unquestionably the most copious, work on the topography +of Portugal is the _Diccionario Geografico de Portugal_, published at +Lisbon in 1817, in seventeen volumes, 8vo. + +P.C.S.S. + + +_Dog Latin_ (No. 15, p. 230.).--Many things low and vulgar are marked +with the prefix "dog"; as _dog-rose_, _dog-trick_, _dog-hole_, as also +_dog-gerel_. When the great mortar was set up in St. James's Park, some +one asked "Why the carriage was ornamented with dog's heads?" "To +justify the Latin inscription," said Jekyl. + +C. + + +_Epigram_ (No. 15. p. 233.).--Surely not by Kenrick, if written, as it +seems, about 1721. Kenrick was not heard of for near thirty years later. + +C. + + +_Pallace, Meaning of_ (No. 15. p. 233.).--Put out of all doubt by the +following article in Phillips's _World of Words_. "_Pallacia_, in old +records, 'Pales or paled fences.'" + +C. + + +_Meaning of Pallace_ (No. 13. p. 202., and No. 15. p. 233.).--Bishop +Horsley seems to throw some light on this point by his note on the 9th +verse of the 45th Psalm. The learned prelate says + + "'Out of the ivory palaces whereby they have made thee + glad,'--rather, from 'cabinets of Armenian ivory they have + pleasured thee.' From _cabinets_ or _wardrobes_, in which the + perfumes, or the garments were kept." + +This meaning of the word, derived from the Hebrew, corroborates the +sense given to it in Mr. Halliwell's _Dictionary of Archaic, &c. Words_, +viz, a _storehouse_. + +Alfred Gatty. + +Ecclesfield, Feb. 9. + + +_Ælian._--The querist (No. 15. p. 232.) is informed that Ælian's +Treatise _De Animalium Naturâ_ has been translated into Latin as well as +his other works, by Conrad Gessner, fol. Zurich, 1556; but, it does not +appear that an English translation of it has hitherto been published. + +A.W. + +Brighton. + + +_Why Dr. Dee quitted Manchester._--A correspondent (No. 14. p. 216.) of +yours wishes to know the reason why Dr. Dee resigned his wardenship and +left Manchester. I would refer him to the interesting "Life of Dee," by +Dr. Cooke Taylor, in his _Romantic Biography of the Age of Elizabeth_, +who writes: + + "But in his days mathematics were identified with magic, and + Dee's learned labours only served to strengthen the imputations + cast upon his character by the Fellows of his College in + Manchester. He was so annoyed by these reports that he presented + a petition to King James, requesting to have his conduct + judicially investigated; but the monarch, on the mere report + that Dee was a conjuror, refused to show him the slightest + favor. Indignant at the injurious treatment he continued to + receive, he quitted Manchester with his family in the month of + November, 1604: it is uncertain whether he renounced his + wardenship at the same time, but he seems to have received no + more of its revenues; for, during the remainder of his life, + {285} which was passed at Mortlake, he suffered severely from + the pressure of poverty." + +He died in 1608. Dr. Taylor, I suppose, writes on the authority of Dee's +MSS. and Journal, edited by Dr. Isaac Casaubon. + +W.M.K. + + +_Viridis Vallis_ (no. 14. p. 213.).--This is the monastery of +_Groenendael_, situated in the forest of Soignies, near Brussels. In the +_Bibliothèque des Ducs de Bourgoyne_ are preserved several manuscript +volumes relative to its history. (See Marchal's _Catalogue_, vol. ii. p. +84.) Sir Thomas Phillipps has also a Chartulary of this monastery among +his manuscripts. + +F.M. + + +_Recent Novel._--I beg to inform "Adolphus" that the Novel of which he +is in search (No. 15. p. 231.) is _Le Morne au Diable_, by Eugène Sue; +the hero of which is the Duke of Monmouth, who is supposed to have +escaped to Martinique. + +J.S. + + * * * * * + +MISCELLANIES. + +_Use of Monosyllables._--In Beaumont and Fletcher's _Boadicea_, Act 3. +Sc. 1. (Edinbugh, 1812), I meet with the following lines in Caratach's +Apostrophe to "Divine Andate," and which seem to corroborate Mr. C. +FORBES'S theory (No. 16. p. 228.) on the employment of monosyllables by +Shakspeare, when he wished to express violent and overwhelming emotion: +at least they appear to be used much in the same way by the celebrated +dramatists whom I quote: + + "Give us this day good hearts, good enemies, + Good blows on both sides, wounds that fear or flight + Can claim no share in; steel us both with anger, + And warlike executions fit thy viewing. + Let Rome put on her best strength, and thy Britain, + Thy little Britain, but as great in fortune, + Meet her as strong as she, as proud, as daring! + And then look on, thou red-eyed God; who does best, + Reward with honour; who despair makes fly, + Unarm for ever, and brand with infamy!" + +C.I.R. + +Feb. 16. + + +_To endeavour oneself_ (No. 8. p. 125.).--"G.P." thinks that the verb +"endeavour" takes a middle voice form in the collect for the second +Sunday after Easter, in the preface to the Confirmation Service, and in +the Form of Ordering of Priests: but in these instances is it any thing +more than the verb neuter, implying that we should endeavour ourselves +to follow, &c.? + +In Shepherd's _Elucidation of the Book of Common Prayer_ (2 vols. 8vo. +Lord. 1817), under the head of the Confirmation Office, it is stated +relative to the persons to be confirmed (vol. ii. p. 312.), "that they +solemnly engage evermore to endeavour faithfully to perform their part +of that covenant." + +C.I.R. + + +_Evelyn's Sculptura._--In a copy of Evelyn's _Sculptura_, 3rd edit., +with Memoir of the Author's Life, 8vo. London, 1759, I find the +following memorandum, in pencil, prefixed to the Memoirs: + + "By Dr. Warton of Winchester, as he himself informed me in + 1785." + +An autograph resembling "J. Chelmar" is on the fly-leaf. As I do not see +this Memoir ascribed to Dr. Warton in any list, to which I have access, +of his writings, perhaps the Memoir is not generally, or at all, known +to be by him, and I therefore send the memorandum to you to be winnowed +in your literary threshing-floor, by those who have better means and +more leisure to ascertain its value. + +J.M. + +Oxford, Feb. 5. + + +_William Baxter._--I do not know whether William Baxter is authority for +anything. When you see a word quoted from one of the languages or +dialects which the moderns call Celtic, that word will very commonly be +found not to exist. When at a loss, quote Celtic. If W. Baxter says (see +No. 13. p. 195.) that _buarth papan_ means the sun's ox-stall, or, in +other words, that _papan_ means the sun, I should wish to know where +else such a name for that luminary, for or any thing else, may be met +with? I have not found any such thing. + +A.N. + + +_Derivation of the word "Avon."_--Among the many proofs of the +prevalence of the Gaelic roots in existing names at both ends of the +island, it may be mentioned that there are ten rivers named _Avon_ in +Britain, and _Avon_ is simply the Gaelic word for a river. + +J.U.G. Gutch. + + +_Warton and Heinsius._--A late critic thinks he has discovered that Mr. +Thomas Warton, a contemporary of Mr. Wise, and fellow of the same +college, an antiquary and scholar of whom England may be proud, knew +little of Latin, and less of Greek, because, forsooth, he did not notice +Milton's false quantities, which Heinsius did! As well might it be +argued, that the critic is an immoral man, because he did not notice the +delinquencies of Heinsius in a moral point of view; the said Heinsius +being obliged to resign his secretaryship to the city of Amsterdam in +consequence of a prosecution by a young woman for breach of promise of +marriage, under the faith of which she had lived with him, and borne him +two children. The sentence of _misdaadigheyd_ was pronounced against +him, and confirmed, on appeal, by the supreme court of Holland, in 1662. +So much for the unpatriotic puff of the learned foreigner, to {286} the +disparagement of one of the greatest ornaments of English literature. As +one "note" naturally produces another, I hope your sense of justice, Mr. +Editor, will admit this, in order to counter-balance the effect of the +former one; appearing, as it did, in a periodical of considerable +circulation, which, I am glad to hear, is soon to be very much improved. + +J.I. + + +_Queen's Bagnio_ (No. 13. p. 196.).--The Queen's Bagnio in Long Acre was +on the south side, nearly opposite to the door of Long Acre Chapel. The +Duke's bath I have always heard was in Old Belton Street, now Endell +Street; the fourth house from Castle Street on the west side. It has +been new fronted not long since; but at the time that I frequented the +baths there--the exterior had pilasters, and a handsome cornice in the +style of Inigo Jones,--all being built in dark red brick. Within there +was a large plunging bath, paved and lined with marble, the walls being +covered by small tiles of blue and white, in the Dutch fashion. The +supply of water was from a well on the premises. + +There were several apartments for warm-bathing, having the baths and +pavements of marble, and to several of these were attached +dressing-rooms. + +The house is now, I believe, occupied by a carpenter; but the baths +remained, though in a dilapidated condition, a short-time since, and +probably are there still. + +T.W. + + +_A Flemish Account._--In illustration of a query in your first number on +the origin of the expression "a Flemish Account," unless you think it +too late for insertion, I send the following extract from an old volume +in the Cathedral Library at Salisbury. It is entitled, "The Accurate +Accomptant or London Merchant, &c.; by Thomas Brown, Accomptant: +composed for the Use and Benefit of the poor Blew-Coat children educated +in Christ's Hospital, &c. London, printed by William Godbid, sen. 1669. +fol." + +The book consists almost entirely of examples of the best methods of +keeping accounts, from which I select the following instance: + + "London, August 10th, 1668. + + "To Roger Pace, Factor, &c., for 10 Pieces cont. 746 Ells Fl. at + 10 _S._ Flem. per Ell. is 373 l. Flem. Exchange at 35 _S_ makes + Sterling Money 213 l. 2s. 10 d." + +The above extract strongly confirms the explanations of the expressions +given by your correspondents "Q.Q." and "Mr. Bolton Corney," in No. 5. +p. 74., as it proves both the necessity and early practice of accurately +distinguishing in commercial dealings between English and Flemish +methods of reckoning. + +E.A.D. + + [The following is a curious illustration of the use of the + phrase. + + "A person resident in London is said to have had most of + Caxton's publications. He sent them to Amsterdam for inspection, + and, on writing for them, was informed that they had been + destroyed by accident. 'I am very much afraid,' says Herbert, + 'my kind friend received but _a Flemish account_ of his + Caxtons.'"--_Typ. Antiq._, p. 1773.] + + +_La Mer des Histoires._--I find I have a note on that handsome old +French work, _La Mer des Histoires_, which is commonly attributed to +Johannes de Columna, Archbishop of Messina; but upon which Francis +Douce, while taking notice of its being a translation of the _Rudimentum +Noviciorum_ ascribed to Mochartus, observes that it is a different work +from the _Mare Historiarum_ of Johannes de Columna. Douce also informs +us, that there were several works passing under this title. Columna is +mentioned by Genebrard as the author of a book, _Cujus titulus est Mater +Historiarum_. Query? What is known of the work, which is really +Columna's? + +John Sansom. + + * * * * * + +On Passages in Milton + + "And every shepherd _tells his tale_ + Under the hawthorn in the dale." + + Milton's _L'Allegro_. + +I used to suppose the _tale told_ was a love tale. Now I take it to mean +that each shepherd _tells the tale_, that is, counts the number of his +sheep. Is there any doubt on this point? + +Milton (_Paradise Lost_, b. v.), speaks of "silent night with this her +_solemn_ bird;" that is, the nightingale. Most readers take "_solemn_" +to mean "_pensive_;" but I cannot doubt that Milton (who carries +Latinism to excess) used it to express _habitual_, _customary_, +_familiar_, as in its Latin form _sollemnis_. + +B.H.K. + + * * * * * + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +The lovers of accurate and painstaking topography, the students of +genealogical history, and, though last not least, those who like to see +the writings of Shakspeare, illustrated in a congenial spirit, will read +with pleasure the announcement, in our advertising columns, that the +fellow-townsmen of Joseph Hunter, the Historian of "Hallamshire" and +"The Deanery of Doncaster," and the Illustrator of the Life and Writings +of Shakspeare, have opened a Subscription for the purpose of placing a +full-length portrait of that gentleman in the Cutlers' Hall, Sheffield. + +When we announced Mr. Archer's projected work, entitled _Vestiges of Old +London, a Series of finished Etchings from Original Drawings, with +Descriptions, Historical Associations, and other References_, we spoke +of it as one likely, we thought, to prove of especial interest. The +appearance of the first Number justifies to the fullest our +anticipation. The pictorial representations are replete {287} with +variety, and the literary illustrations full of a pleasant gossipping +anecdotical character. The first plate shows us _The Old Bulk Shop at +Temple Bar_, occupied by successive generations of fishmongers, and +doubtless well remembered by most of our readers; although no trace of +it any longer exists. _The House of John Dryden_, in Fetter Lane, so +designated on the authority of the late Mr. Upcott, forms the second +plate; and is followed by _The Altar of Diana_, discovered in Foster +Lane, Cheapside, in December, 1830. _The Drapers' Almshouses, Crutched +Friars_, is the next illustration, which again is contrasted by a plate +of _Roman Vestiges_, full of interest to those who like to investigate +the Roman occupation of our metropolis; and this first part concludes +with a view of _The Old Chapel of St. Bartholomew, Kingsland_. The work +is executed in a style to delight London antiquaries, and charm those +who delight to illustrate Pennant. + +The approaching _Exhibition of Works of Ancient and Mediæval Art_ at the +rooms of the Society of Arts in the Adelphi, promises to be one of the +most interesting displays of the kind ever exhibited in this or any +other city. The possessors of objects of beauty and rarity have vied +with each other in placing at the disposal of the Committee their +choicest specimens; and the inhabitants and visitors of the metropolis +will shortly have an opportunity of judging how numerous are the relics +of "barbaric pomp and gold" which are still left to us, and how much of +beauty of design, and "skill in workmanship" were displayed by the +"hard-handed" men of the good old times, to justify the enthusiasm of +the antiquary, and gratify the man of taste. + +We have received, but at a moment too late to notice as it deserves, the +Catalogue of very choice Books, and Books printed on vellum, the +property of the late Mr. Rodd, which are to be sold by Messrs. Sotheby, +at their rooms in Wellington Street, on Monday next. As a specimen, +perhaps the most remarkable of this collection, we may point out the set +of the Works of Thomas Aquinas, in 17 folio volumes, bound in 21, and +which is well described as + + "A magnificent set of Books, presenting one of the finest + specimens, and at the same time the most extensive work, ever + printed upon vellum. This copy was presented by Pope Pius V. to + Philip II., king of Spain, and was deposited in the library of + the Escurial, whence it was taken during the occupation of Spain + by Bonaparte. The only other copy known is in the National + Library, Paris. It is the best edition of this author's works." + +We have received the following Catalogues: + + "John Petheram's Catalogue of Old and New Books on Sale for Cash + only at 94. High Holborn. Part CVIII. No. 2. for 1850." + +a Catalogue containing some excellent books, which reached us last week, +and was omitted from our last list by accident. + + "Catalogue of Miscellaneous English and Foreign Books in all + Classes of Literature, selected from the Stock of Nattali and + Bond, 23. Bedford Street, Covent Garden." + + "Bibliotheca Salisburiensis. A Catalogue of Old and New Books on + sale by J. Hearn, corner of the Poultry Cross, Salisbury." + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE + +(_In continuation of Lists in former Nos._) + +Life of Colonel Birch. + +Odd Volumes. + +Goldsmith's Miscellaneous Works. (Cairn's Edition.) 12mo. Edinburgh. +1804. Vol. III. + +British Painters, Sculptors, and Architects. Family Library. 1830. Vol. +IV. + +Orbis Phaeton, sive de Universis Vitus Linguæ. Pars prima, A to K. Mons. +1629. + +Political Magazine for 1780. Vol. IX. for 1785. Vol. XII. for 1787. + +Hudibras. 18mo. 1716. Vol. I. + +Valpy's Delphin Classics. 63 and 64. In the original Boards. + +Inchbald's British Theater. 12mo. 1808. Vol. IX. + +Chevallier's Epistles of the Apostolic Fathers. + +Historical Romances. 7 Vols., or Vol. I. Constable, 1822. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +_We have again had to indulge in the expensive luxury of a further +reprint; and we have therefore the pleasure of announcing that our_ +Second _Monthly Part, which has been out of print, may now be had by +such of our friends as want to complete their sets._ + +_We are again under the necessity of omitting many communications, +including_ Notes, Queries, _and_ Replies, _which are in type; but we +hope, by enlarging next week's paper to_ 24 _pages, instead of_ 16, _to +find room for inserting many interesting papers which we have been +hitherto compelled to omit for want of room._ + +_To correspondents inquiring as to the mode of procuring_ "Notes and +Queries," _we have once more to explain, that every bookseller and +newsman will supply it regularly_, if ordered; _and that gentlemen +residing in the country, who may find a difficulty in getting it through +any bookseller in their neighbourhood, may be supplied regularly with +the_ stamped _edition, by giving their orders direct to the publisher_, +Mr. George Bell, 186. _Fleet Street, accompanied by a Post Office order, +for a quarter, 4s. 4d.; a half year, 8s. 8d.; or one year, 17s. 4d._ + +A.J.V. _will find an answer to his query respecting_ Angels' Visits, +_&c. in No. 7. p. 102.; and respecting the Hudibrastic couplet, in No. +12. p. 179_. + +M.X. (Bridport). _The work_ well bound _will only fetch about seven or +eight pounds in a sale room, and may be purchased for about ten._ + +Errata. No. 9. p. 133. col. 1. l. 51., for "Silent" read "Select;" l. +54., for "imposing" read "composing;" and col. 2. l. 43. after "that" +insert "Simpson's." No. 17. p. 263. col. 1. l. 49., for "Respublicæ" +read "Respublica." + + * * * * * {288} + +Exceedingly Choice and Rare Books, and Books printed upon Vellum, the +property of the late eminent bookseller, Mr. Thos. Rodd. + +MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and Co., (auctioneers of literary property and +works illustrative of the fine arts,) will SELL by AUCTION in pursuance +of the will of the deceased, at their House, 3. Wellington Street, +Strand, on Monday, March 4. at 1 precisely, a very choice selection of +fine and RARE BOOKS, and Books printed upon Vellum, the property of the +late eminent bookseller, Mr. Thomas Rodd, of Great Newport Street, +London; including among the more valuable books, Aquinatis Opera Omnia, +21 vols., Romæ, 1570, a magnificent set of books, printed on vellum, +presented by Pope Pius V. to Philip II, King of Spain; Homer Opera +Græce, editio princeps, fine copy, Florentiæ, 1488; Valerius Maximus, +printed on vellum, Moguntiæ, 1471; Vivaldus de Veritate Contritionis, +printed on vellum, unique, 1503; Lancelot du Lac, Chevalier de la Table +Ronde, beautiful copy; Ciceronis Epistolæ ad Familiares, Venetiis, +Johannes de Spira, 1409; Sancti Hieronymi Epistolæ, printed on vellum, +Moguntiæ, 1470; a magnificent volume; Pentateuchus Hebraicus et +Chaldaicus, printed on vellum, a beautiful copy, Sabionnettæ, 1557; many +beautiful Horae, printed on vellum; Enchiridion Ecclesiæ Sarum, printed +on vellum, extremely rare and interesting, Paris. T. Kerver, 1528; La +Collection des Ouvrages, imprimées par Ordre de M. Le Compte d'Artois, +64 vols., printed on vellum, Paris Didot. To be viewed three days prior, +and catalogues had at the place of sale. + + * * * * * + +Preparing for immediate Publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo. + +THE FOLK-LORE of ENGLAND. By William J. Thoms, F.S.A., Secretary of the +Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and Legends of +all Nations." &c. One object of the present work is to furnish new +contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; and especially +some of the more striking Illustrations of the subject to be found in +the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries. + +Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and +Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms &c. are earnestly solicited, and +will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed to +the care of Mr. Bell, Office of "Notes and Queries," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +TOPOGRAPHY, COUNTY AND FAMILY HISTORY, ETC.--John Gray Bell, Bookseller, +Dealer in Topographical Prints, Portraits, Autographs, and Literary +Curiosities, 10. and 11. Bedford Street, Covent Garden, London, invites +Collectors to examine his Assortment of PRINTS on the above interesting +subjects. Having gathered them with the greatest care and research, at a +vast expenditure of Time and Capital, he flatters himself that his +Collection is the most extensive and best selected extant, and will be +found well worthy of attention. + +John Gray Bell's Catalogues are published monthly, and forwarded, free, +by post. Parties desirous of possessing the recent numbers can have them +sent by enclosing their address. + + * * * * * + +Royal 32mo., cloth, 2s.; morocco (Hayday), 7s. + +SELDEN'S TABLE TALK. + +Royal 32mo., price 2s. 6d. cloth, 7s. 6d. morocco (Hayday). + +THE TEMPLE, SACRED POEMS, and PRIVATE EJACULATIONS. BY George Herbert. + +Also, by the same Author, + +Price 2s. cloth, 7s. morocco (Hayday), + +A PRIEST TO THE TEMPLE; or, THE COUNTRY PARSON: his character, and Rule +of Holy Life, &c. + +London: George Bell, Fleet Street. Leicester: J.S. Crossley. + + * * * * * + +THE PHILOLOGICAL MUSEUM. Edited by Hare and Thirlwall. 2 thick vols. +8vo. cloth, 14s. E. STIBBS, having purchased the remaining copies of +this esteemed Work, now offers it at the above reduced price, and +respectfully suggests the necessity of early application, as it is +entirely out of print, and but few copies remain for sale. + +331. Strand, opposite Somerset House. + + * * * * * + +REV. JOSEPH HUNTER, F.S.A. Public Portrait. The Friends and Admirers of +the learned and respected Historian of "Hallamshire" and the "Deanery of +Doncaster" having resolved to place a full-length Portrait of him in the +Cutlers' Hall, Sheffield, his native town (vide "Gentleman's Magazine," +Feb. 1850), the Committee beg respectfully to announce that +Subscriptions of One Guinea, in furtherance of their object, will be +received by Thomas Berks, Esq., Mayor, Treasurer; and Mr. Henry Jackson, +Secretary of the Committee, Sheffield. + + * * * * * + +Just published, and may be had postage free, on a remittance of two +stamps. + +A CATALOGUE OF ENGLISH and FOREIGN BOOKS, in all Classes of Literature. +Selected from the STOCK of NATTALI and BOND (successors to the late M.A. +Nattali), 23. Bedford Street, Covent Garden. + + * * * * * + +Now ready. + +STIBB'S CATALOGUE OF MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS, Part III., containing a very +extensive collection of Books relating to America, also a few choice and +rare old books beautifully bound in morocco; it may be had gratis, and +post free, on application. Also, nearly ready, STIBB'S GENERAL +CATALOGUE, which will be forwarded gratis on receipt of Eight stamps for +the Postage. + +331. Strand, opposite Somerset House, + + * * * * * + +Just published, price 3s. 6d. 12mo. cloth, 7s. calf or morocco. + +THE ENGLISH GENTLEMAN: his Principles, his Feelings, his Manners, his +Pursuits. + +"We like him so well as to wish heartily we might meet many +such."--_Theologian._ + +"The object of the first of the four essays is to form the principles of +a gentleman on a Christian standard. In the other three subjects, of +feelings, manners, and pursuits, the views, though strict, are of a more +worldly kind."--_Spectator._ + +George Bell, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +8vo. cloth. 7s. 6d. + +ORIGINAL LETTERS OF JOHN LOCKE, ALGERNON SIDNEY, AND LORD SHAFTESBURY. +With an Analytical Sketch of the Writings and Opinions of Locke and +other Metaphysicains. By T. Forster, M.B. F.L.S., M.A.S., Corresponding +Member of the Acad. of Natural Science at Philadelphia, &c. + +London: George Bell, Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +In 8vo. price 7s. 6d. cloth. + +HISTORY OF THE PARISH AND TOWN OF BAMPTON, with the District and Hamlets +belonging to it. By the Rev. J.A. Giles, D.C.L., late Fellow of Christ's +Ch. Coll. Oxford, Author of "History of the Ancient Britons," &c. + +London: George Bell, Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8 New Street Square, at No. 5 New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186 Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, March 2. 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 18. Saturday, +March 2, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 18. *** + +***** This file should be named 13544-8.txt or 13544-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/5/4/13544/ + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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Saturday, March 2, +1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 18. Saturday, March 2, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September 27, 2004 [EBook #13544] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 18. *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals + + + + + + +</pre> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page273" name= +"page273"></a>{273}</span> +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left" width="25%"><b>No. 18.</b></td> +<td align="center" width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1850</b></td> +<td align="right" width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> +<table summary="Contents" align="center"> +<tr> +<td align="left">NOTES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Unpublished Letter of Horace Walpole, by S. +Hall</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page273">273</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Lady Arabella Stuard, by R. Cole</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page274">274</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">The Name Martel, by W. Robson</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page275">275</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Query as to Junius, by J. Sudlow, Esq.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page275">275</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">New Edition of Dr. Owen's Works</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page276">276</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Queries:—MS. Book of Hours—Bess +of Hardwick—Cæsar's Wife—Minar's Books of +Antiquities—Proverb against Physicians—Compendyous Olde +Treatyse—Topography of Foreign Printing +Presses—Cromwell's Estates—Depinges</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page276">276</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Origin of Jew's-harp, by E.F. Rimbault, LL.D.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page277">277</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Ælfric's Colloquy, by S.W. Singer</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page278">278</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Reheting and Rehetours</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page278">278</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Arabic Numerals</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page279">279</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Fraternity of Christian Doctrine, Chaucer's Night +Charm, by Rev. D. Rock</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page281">281</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Replies to Minor Queries:—By Hook or by +Crook, Pokership, &c.—Golden +Frog—Madoc—Twysden MSS.—Royal +Genealogies—Astle's MSS.—Dr. Hugh Todd's MSS.—Sir +W. Ryder—Scole Inn—Killegrew Family—Pavoise of +the Black Prince—Welsh Ambassador—Phoenix. by +Lactantius—Catsup—Buckingham Motto—Devices of +Anglo-Saxons—Purteninæ—Pandoxare, &c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page281">281</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Use of Monosyllables—To endeavour +oneself—Evelyn's Sculptura—William +Baxter—Derivation of "Avon"—Warton and Heinsius, +&c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page285">285</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, &c.</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes wanted</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page287">287</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page287">287</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Advertisements</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page288">288</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>NOTES</h2> +<h3>UNPUBLISHED LETTER OF HORACE WALPOLE</h3> +<p>I have the pleasure of inclosing to you (I believe) an +unpublished letter of Horace Walpole's. It was found among the +papers of the late William Parsons, one of the Della Cruscan poets. +That it is genuine I have no doubt. The handwriting is precisely +similar to a note sent with a copy of the <i>Mysterious Mother</i> +to Mr. Parsons, in which Horace Walpole writes, "he is unwilling to +part with a copy without protesting against his own want of +judgment in selecting so disgusting a subject; the absurdity of +which he believes makes many faults of which he is sensible in the +execution overlooked." It is also guaranteed by its +date,—"Paris, July 28. 1771." By reference to his +correspondence with Sir H. Mann (vol. ii. p. 163.), we find a +letter dated July 6, 1771, in which he writes, "I am not gone; I do +go to-morrow;" and in his <i>General Correspondence</i>, vol. v. p. +303., writing to John Chute, his letter is dated from Amiens, July +9. 1771, beginning, "I am got no farther yet;" and he returned to +Arlington Street, September 6. 1771, having arrived at Paris on the +10th of July, and quitted it on the 2nd of September. I notice the +dates, as they indicate the rate of travelling in some degree at +that period. The Query is, to whom was it addressed? There is +nothing on the original to indicate the person. The letter is of no +great importance, except as it shows that Walpole, under certain +conditions of being, was more earnest and sincere than perhaps was +in his nature, or was generally his wont.</p> +<p class="author">SPENCER HALL.</p> +<p>Athenæum, Feb. 25. 1850.</p> +<p>"Paris, July 28. 1771.</p> +<p>"Dear S'r.</p> +<p>"I have received no letter from my brother, and consequently +have no answer to make to him. I shall only say that after entering +into a solemn engagement with me, that we should dispose of the +places alternately, I can scarce think him serious, when he tells +you he has made an <i>entirely</i> new arrangement for ALL the +places, expects I shoud concur in it; and after that, is so good as +to promise he will dispose of no more without consulting me. If He +is so absolutely master of all, my concurrence is not necessary, +<i>and I will give none</i>. If he chuses to dispose of the places +without me, That matter with others <i>more important</i>, must be +regulated in another manner,—and it is time they shoud, when +no agreement is kept with me, and I find objections made which, +upon the fullest discussion and after allowance of the force of my +arguments and right, had been given up twenty years ago.</p> +<p>"With regard to your letter, S'r, some parts of it are, I +protest, totally unintelligible to me. Others, which I think I do +understand, require a much fuller answer than I have time to give +now, as the post goes out to-morrow morning. That answer will +contain matter not at all fit for the Post, and which I am sure you +woud not wish shoud be handled there; for which reason I shall +defer it, till I can give my answer at length into your own hands. +It will, I believe, surprize both you and my brother; and show how +unkindly I have been <span class="pagenum"><a name="page274" id= +"page274"></a>{274}</span> treated after doing everything to +accommodate both. As to the conditions which you say, S'r, you +intend to exact from my brother, you will undoubtedly state them to +him himself; and cannot expect I should meddle with them or be +party to them. Neither you nor he can imagine that I am quite so +tame an idiot as to enter into bonds for persons of <i>his</i> +recommendation. If the office is <i>his</i>, he must be answerable +for it, and for all the persons he employs in it. I protest against +every thing that is not my own act—a consequence he perhaps +did not foresee, when he chose, contrary to his agreement with me, +to engross the whole disposition. I have always known clearly what +is my own right and on what founded; and have acted strictly +according to my right, and am ready to justify every step of my +conduct. I have sufficiently shown my disposition to peace, and +appeal to you yourself, S'r, and to my brother, whether either can +charge me with the least encroachment beyond my right; and whether +I have not acquiesced in every single step that either has desired +of me. Your letter, S'r, and that you quote of my brother, have +shown how necessary it is for me to take the measure I am +determined to take. I would have done any thing to oblige either +you or my brother, but I am not to be threatened out of my right in +any shape. I know when it is proper to yield and when to take my +stand. I refused to accept the place for my own life when it was +offered to me: when I declined <i>that</i>, it is not probable that +I would hold the place to the wrong of anybody else; it will and +<i>must</i> be seen who claims any part or prerogatives of the +place unjustly; my honour demands to have this ascertained, and I +will add, that when I scorned a favour, I am not likely to be +intimidated by a menace.</p> +<p>"I say all this coolly and deliberately, and my actions will be +conformable. I do not forget my obligations to you, dear S'r, or to +your dead brother, whose memory will ever be most dear to me. +Unkind expressions shall not alter the affection I have for you and +your family, nor am I so unreasonable, so unjust, or so absurd as +not to approve your doing every thing you think right for your own +interest and security and for those of your family. What I have to +say hereafter will prove that these not only are but <i>ever have +been</i> my sentiments. I shall then appeal to your own truth +whether it is just in you to have used some expressions in your +letter, but as I mean to act with the utmost circumspection and +without a grain of resentment to <i>anybody</i>, I shall say no +more till I have had full time to weigh every word I shall use, and +every step I mean to take. In the meantime I am,</p> +<p>"Dear S'r,</p> +<p>"Yr obliged humble serv't,</p> +<p>"HOR. WALPOLE.</p> +<p>"P.S. My refusal of the patent for my life has shown what value +I set upon it; but <i>I will</i> have justice, especially for my +character, which no consideration upon earth shall prevent my +seeking. It must and shall be known whether I enjoy the place to +the wrong of any man living. You have my free consent, S'r, to show +this letter to whom you please; I have nothing to conceal, and am +ready to submit my conduct to the whole world."</p> +<hr /> +<h3>LADY ARABELLA STUART.</h3> +<p>As a pendant to Mr. P. Cunningham's "New Facts about Lady +Arabella Stuart" (No. 1. p. 10.). I send you a copy of Bishop +James' Account and Quietus in respect of 300<i>l.</i>, placed in +his hands "for the expences of dyett and other chardges of the +Ladye Arabella Seymour comytted to his safe kepinge." The original +document is in my possession.</p> +<p class="author">ROBT. COLE. Feb. 11, 1850.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>The Accompte of the Lorde Byshopp of Durham for cccli, +receaved for the chardge of the Ladye Arbella Seymour.</i></p> +<p>"The Declaration of the Accompte of the Reverende Father in God +Will'm James Lorde Bysshoppe of Duresme for the some of Three +hundreth poundes imprested to him out of the Receipte of the Kinges +ma^ts Exchequer at Westmynster for the expences of dyett and other +chardges of the Ladye Arbella Seymour comytted to his safe kepinge +w^th an inteneon to have caryed into the Bysshoprycke of Duresme +there to have remayned under his chardge duringe the Kynges ma^ts +pleasure, viz^t betweene the xiiij^th of Marche 1610 in the viij^th +year of his highnes raigne and the last daye of the same moneth as +followeth.</p> +<p>"<i>Readye money receaved, viz. of</i></p> +<p>"The Threasorer and vnder threr. of Th'exchequer in Mychas terme +in the viijth yeare of the Kinges ma'ts raigne by t'handes of +Thomas Wattson Esquire one of the Tell'rs for the chardges of +himselfe and his servaunts in his yorney w'th the saide Ladye +Arbella Seymour by pvie Seale dated the xiij of March 1610 and Lves +of the Lordes of the Councell ...<i>cccli</i>. whereof</p> +<p>"<i>Expences of dyett and other chardges of the Ladye Arabella +Seymour & others attendinge upon her, viz</i>.</p> +<p>"<i>Expences of dyett</i></p> +<p>"At Highgate for sixe dayes begonne the xvth daye of Marche 1610 +and ended the xxjst of the same moneth on w'ch daye her Ladyshippe +remoued to Barnett. xviij<i>li.</i> v<i>s.</i> lij<i>d.</i></p> +<p>"At Barnett for xj^en dayes begonne the xxjst of Marche 1610 at +Supper and ended the firste of Aprill 1611 at breakefaste beinge +that daye remoued to Eastbarnett. lxxj<i>li.</i> v<i>s.</i> +viij<i>d.</i></p> +<p>"<i>Chardges of y^e Stable, viz</i>.</p> +<p>"Chardges of the Stable for the xvij dayes aboue-menconed, viz. +at Highgate for vj dayes ix<i>li.</i> xvij<i>s.</i> x<i>d.</i> and +at Barnett for xj dayes with v<i>s.</i> for dressinge one of the +lytter horses xxviij<i>li.</i> xij<i>s.</i> xj<i>d.</i>, in all the +some of xxxviij<i>li.</i> x<i>s.</i> ix<i>d.</i></p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page275" id= +"page275"></a>{275}</span> +<p>"<i>Lodginge and other necessaries, viz.</i></p> +<p>"Lodginge of some of the retinewe of the Lady Arbella and the +sayde Lorde Bysshoppe, viz. Highgate xxs. and at Barnett +viij<i>s.</i>, in all xxviij<i>s.</i></p> +<p>"Fyer lightes and other nessces with the lodginge of the saide +Lorde Bysshoppe and some of his servauntes at Highgate and Barnett +during the xvij dayes aforesaide. xj<i>li.</i> xj<i>s.</i></p> +<p>"Rydinge and postinge chardges, viz. for posthorses from Lambeth +to Highgate xxxiiij<i>s.</i> iiij<i>d.</i> and from thence to +Barnett xxxiiij<i>s.</i> ix<i>d.</i> Mr. Beeston and others for +there chardges three several tymes to Barnett from London and from +Highgate xlj<i>s.</i> iiij<i>d.</i> the servauntes of the Lorde +Bysshoppe of Durham sent at several tymes in the Lordes of the +Councell and for other busynesses concerning this servyce +xlv<i>s.</i> vj<i>d.</i> and to Sr. James Crofes Knight for the +chardges of himselfe his men and horses from Monday to Wednesday +night attendinge at London for this service xlij<i>s.</i> +vij<i>d.</i>, in all ix<i>li.</i> xviij<i>s.</i> vj<i>d.</i></p> +<p>"Rewardes to sondrye psons, viz. to messengers sent from the +Courte duringe the stay of the Lorde Bysshoppe at Highgate and +Barnett xxxix<i>s.</i> vj<i>d.</i> Dyverse psons whoe tooke paynes +at those twoe places vij<i>li.</i> xij<i>s.</i>, vj<i>d.</i>, given +in the Yune for glasses broken and in rewardes to the meaner +servauntes at Barnett xxx<i>s.</i>, given to such an attended about +the posthorses vij<i>s.</i> vj<i>d.</i> and in rewarde to one of +the Tellors Clerkes whoe told and delivered the ccc<i>li.</i> and +came to Durham House for the acquittance xx<i>s.</i>, in all +xij<i>li.</i>, ix<i>s.</i> vj<i>d.</i></p> +<p>"Money payde by the saide Lorde Bysshoppe pte of the +ccc<i>li.</i> by him receaved to Nicholas Paye gen. whoe hath for +the same yelded his accompte to the Kinges ma'tie. +c<i>li.</i>.—cclxiij<i>li.</i> viij<i>s.</i> +viij<i>d.</i></p> +<p>"Aud soe remayneth the some of xxxvj<i>li.</i> xj<i>s.</i> +iiij<i>d.</i></p> +<p>"Whiche some the saide Lorde Bysshoppe of Durham hath payde into +the Kinges m'ts receipte of Th'excheq'r the vij'th daye of +Februarie in the nynth yere of his highnes raigne as by the tallie +thereof remayninge may appeare. And soe here Quyte.</p> +<p>"EX p FRA GOFTON</p> +<p>"Auditorem."</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<h3>THE NAME MARTEL.</h3> +<p>I must confess that the article in No. 6. p. 86., which deprived +Charles Martel of his long-possessed distinction of "the hammerer" +gave me but little satisfaction. It was one of those old +associations that one does not like to have destroyed. I could not, +however, contradict your correspondents; and remained that very +uncomfortable person, "a man convinced against his will." On +turning over my Ménagiana, yesterday, I stumbled upon the +name "Martel," and, as the passage combines both your elements +(being a good note, and producing a query) I beg leave to offer it +to you.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Dans le ll'me siècle les procès se +faisaìent aux vassaux par leurs Pairs, c'est-à-dire, +par leurs convassaux, et toute sorte de procès se font +encore présentement en Angleterre à toutes sortes +d'accusés par leurs Pairs, c'est-à-dire, par des +personnes de leur même état et de leur même +condition, à la réserve des Bourreaux et des +Bouchers, qui, à cause de leur cruauté ne sont point +juges. <i>Géoffroi Martel</i>, Comte d'Anjou, fit faire +ainsi le procès à Guérin de Craon, qu'il avait +fait foi et hommage de la Baronnie de Craon à Conan, duc de +Bretange. Géoffroi fit assembler ses Barons, qui, selon +l'ancienne forme observée en matière féodale, +firent le procès à Guérin, son vassal, et le +condamnèrent, quoiqu'il fùt absent.—Et il est +à remarquer à ce propos, que le Pape Innocent III., +qui favourisait Jean <i>sans-Terre</i>, parcequ'en 1213 il avait +soûmis son royaume d'Angleterre au Saint Siége au +devoir de mille marcs d'argent par an, ayant allegué aus +Ambassadeurs de Philippe Auguste que Jean <i>sans-Terre</i> avait +été condammé absent, et que les loix +défendent de condamner les accusés sans les +ouïr; ils lui réspondirent que l'usage du Royaume de +France était de condamner les absents, aussi bien que les +présents, lorqu'ils avaient été deuëment +cités en jugement. Chez les Romains il n'était par +permis de condamner les absents: <i>Non licet civem inauditum +damnare.</i>"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Now, Sir, this passage shows "<i>Martel</i>," as a name, like +that of "sans-Terre," bestowed for some quality or circumstances +attached to the bearer;—and I should like to ask your +correspondents if they know how this Comte d'Anjou, became entitled +to it? He appears, from the date, to be the same Geoffrey who is +the ancestor of our Plantagenets, as the Comte d'Anjou, +contemporary with William the Conqueror, was named Fulk. If it can +be proved that this Count received this addition from his martial +prowess, I shall be strongly tempted to return to my creed +regarding Charles Martel.</p> +<p class="author">W. ROBSON.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>QUERIES AS TO JUNIUS.</h3> +<p>Amongst the letters attributed to Junius, and, in the opinion of +Dr. Good, most certainly his production, is one signed "ATTICUS," +under date of the 19th Aug. 1768, which contains an allusion to the +private affairs of the writer, by no means unimportant. It is as +follows:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The greatest part of my property having been invested in the +funds, I could not help paying some attention to rumours or events +by which my fortune might be affected: yet I never lay in wait to +take advantage of a sudden fluctuation, much less would I make +myself a bubble to bulls and bears, or a dupe to the pernicious +arts practised in the Alley. I thought a prudent man, who had any +thing to lose, and really meant to do the best for himself and his +family, ought to consider the state of things at large, of the +prospect before him, and the probability of public events. <i>A +letter which appeared some days ago in the Public Advertizer</i> +revived many serious reflections of this sort in my mind, because +it seemed to be written with candour and judgment. <i>The effect of +those reflections was, that I did not hesitate to alter the +situation of my property.</i></p> +<p>"I owe my thanks to that writer that I am safely <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page276" id="page276"></a>{276}</span> +<i>landed</i> from a troubled ocean of fear and anxiety on which I +think I will venture my fortune and my happiness again," &c. +&c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>There is no reason to question the truth of these sentiments. +The letter is believed to be the first which appeared signed +"ATTICUS," and was written many months before the author became +known as Junius, and before any necessity had arisen for the +exercise of that habitual caution which he afterwards evinced in +the mention of any circumstance at all likely to lead to his +detection. Would it not, therefore, be worth while to ascertain the +date of the letter in the <i>Public Advertizer</i> which influenced +him, and then to search the names of the transferrors of stock +between that time and the 19th August? Many of the contributors to +the "Notes and Queries" have influence sufficient to obtain +permission from the proper authority for such a search. It is +observable, that as the amount <i>transferred</i> formed the +<i>greatest part</i> of his property, it would be somewhat +considerable, and might not be sold in the aggregate, but pass in +various sums to several purchasers.</p> +<p class="author">JNO. SUDLOW. Manchester.</p> +<p><i>Junius and Sir G. Jackson.</i>—I find no one has +answered my question about Sir George Jackson (No. 11. p. 172.). I +will therefore put another. I possess an unpublished letter by +Junius to Woodfall, which once belonged to Sir George Jackson. My +Query is, "Is it likely he could have obtained it from Junius, if +he was neither Junius himself nor a party concerned?" The manner in +which Burke evades the question as to himself being the author of +<i>Junius</i> makes me think two or three were concerned in these +<i>Letters</i>.</p> +<p class="author">P.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NEW EDITION OF REV. DR. OWEN'S WORKS.</h3> +<p>I gladly avail myself of the hint thrown out by "R.R." (in No. +17.) to state that as I am engaged in editing a reprint of the +works of the Rev. Dr. Owen, and as I am exceedingly anxious to +ensure accuracy in the quotations from and references to the +Fathers, any suggestions which may be furnished by those of your +learned correspondents who may be conversant with the works in +question, will be very acceptable. I should wish much to obtain +<i>original editions</i> of the leading works, such as that <i>On +the Person of Christ</i>; <i>On the Work of the Spirit</i>; <i>On +the Death of Death, in the Death of Christ</i>. Have any of your +correspondents ever taken the trouble of collating the Greek and +Latin quotations with the authors quoted from, and examined the +references made to the Fathers and other ancient writers? Any +communication addressed to the editor of the works of Owen at +Messrs. Johnstone and Hunter, Publishers, Edinburgh, will be +promptly forwarded to me.</p> +<p class="author">J.G. Dunnichen, Forfarshire.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>MS. Book of Hours.</i>—In the sale catalogue of the +library of John Bridges, of Lincoln's Inn, February, 1725, is +entered Lot 4311:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Missale quondam Henrici VII., regis Angliæ, ut ex ipsius +autographo in codicis initio patet, pulcherrime illuminatum, et +inconibus fere 80 exornatum. In pergameno, et ornatissime +compact."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>It appears, from Wanley's <i>Diary</i> (MS. Lansd. 772.), that +this volume, which he calls a <i>Primer</i>, was purchased for the +Earl of Oxford (for 31<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i>, as I learn from a +priced copy of the catalogue), and was highly valued. To judge from +the above description, it must have been a very beautiful book; and +as it does not seem to be at present among the Harleian collection +of MSS. in the British Museum, I should be glad to learn into whose +hands it has fallen. It is <i>not</i> the celebrated volume of +<i>Hours</i> known under the name of the <i>Bedford Missal</i>, +since that was purchased by Lord Harley of Lady Worseley, and is +now in the possession of the Rev. Mr. Tobin;—nor is it the +book of <i>Hours</i> in the library of the Duke of Devonshire +(described by Dr. Dibbin in the <i>Bibl. Decameron</i>, vol. i. p. +155.), which contains the autograph notes of Henry VII.;—nor +is it the similar volume formerly in the libraries of George +Wilkinson, of Tottenham Green (sold in 1836), and the Rev. Will. +Maskell, and now MS. Add. 17,012. in the British Museum, in which +are seen the autographs of Henry VII. and his Queen, Henry VIII., +Catherine of Aragon, and others;—nor is it the beautiful +volume of <i>Hours</i> executed for René d'Anjou, and +subsequently presented to Henry VII. by his chaplain George +Strangeways, Archdeacon of Coventry (now in the British Museum, MS. +Eg. 1070.);—nor, lastly, is it the book of <i>Hours</i> in +the collection of George III. (No. 9.), which contains the +autograph writing of Henry VIII.</p> +<p class="author">F.M. B.M., Feb. 19. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Bess of Hardwick.</i>—Elizabeth, or Bess of Hardwick, +celebrated for her distaste for celibacy, makes a considerable +figure in the histories of the Cavendish family, who in some degree +owed their greatness to her judicious purchases and careful +management of their Derbyshire estates.</p> +<p>It appears, from the <i>Derbyshire Visitations</i>, that she was +one of the daughters of John Hardwick, of Hardwick co. Derby, by +his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Leake, of Hasland co. Derby, +and that John Hardwick died 19 Hen. VIII.</p> +<p>Can any of your readers inform me of the pedigree of this John +Hardwick?—what arms, crest, motto and quarterings he made use +of?—what persons now living are descended from him?—and +what became of his estates?</p> +<p>I presume that your typographical arrangements <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page277" id="page277"></a>{277}</span> do not +admit of the insertion of a regular pedigree; but the descents may +be stated as in Burke and similar Books.</p> +<p class="author">GULES</p> +<p><i>Cæsar's Wife.</i>.—"NASO" wishes to know where +the proverbial saying, "Cæsar's wife must not even be +suspected," first occurs.</p> +<p><i>Minar's Books of Antiquities.</i>—Can any one +conversant with the works of Cardinal Nicolas de Cusa inform me +what author he quotes as "Minar in his Books of Antiquities," in +what language, and where existing? <i>De Doctâ +Ignorantiâ</i>, I. i. cap. 7.</p> +<p class="author">A.N.</p> +<p><i>Proverb against Physicians.</i>—"M.D." wishes to be +informed of the earliest writer who mentions the proverb "Ubi tres +Medici, duo Athei."</p> +<p><i>Compendyous Olde Treatyse.</i>—In Ames's +<i>Typographical Antiquities</i>, vol. i. p. 405. (ed. Herbert), is +described a work, printed by Rycharde Banckes, some time between +1525 and 1545, entitled, "A compendyous olde treatyse shewynge howe +that we ought to have the Scripture in Englyshe, with the +Auctours." 12mo. 18 leaves. This copy belonged to Herbert himself, +and was probably obtained at the sale of Thomas Granger, in 1732. +Any information as to its wherabout at present, or the existence of +any other copy of the above tract, would confer a fabour on the +inquirer.</p> +<p class="author">F.M.</p> +<p><i>The Topography of Foreign Printing Presses.</i>—I have +often been at a loss to discover the locality of names which +designate the places where books have been printed at Foreign +presses; and "when found" to "make a note of it." I was therefore +pleased to find in No. 16. p. 251., by the reply of "R.G." to Mr. +Jebb, that "<i>Cosmopolis</i> was certainly Amsterdam," and that +"Coloniæ" signifies "Amstelædami." And I will take the +liberty of suggesting that it would be an acceptable service +rendered to young students, if your learned correspondents would +occasionally communicate in the pages of your work, the modern +names, &c. of such places as are not easily gathered from the +books themselves.</p> +<p class="author">P.H.F.</p> +<p><i>Cromwell's Estates.</i>—In Carlyle's edition of +<i>Cromwell's Letters and Speeches</i>, there is a note (p. 75. +vol. iv. of the 3rd ed. 1850) containing a list of the estates +which the Protector owned at the time of his death, as follows; +there being, besides Newhall, specified as "in Essex," five, +viz.—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Dalby,</p> +<p>Broughton,</p> +<p>Burleigh,</p> +<p>Oakham, and</p> +<p>Egleton."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>of which the editor has ascertained the localities; and six, +viz.—</p> +<table summary="Estates" align="center"> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td align="right">£</td> +<td align="right">s.</td> +<td align="right">d</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Gower, valued at</td> +<td align="right">479</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +<td align="right">0 per an.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Chepstall valued at</td> +<td align="right">549</td> +<td align="right">7</td> +<td align="right">3</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Magore valued at</td> +<td align="right">448</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Sydenham valued at</td> +<td align="right">3121</td> +<td align="right">9</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Woolaston valued at</td> +<td align="right">664</td> +<td align="right">16</td> +<td align="right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Chaulton valued at</td> +<td align="right">500</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +<td align="right">0</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p>of which, he say, "he knows nothing."</p> +<p>It would surely be a proper, and, one might hope, an attainable +object of inquiry, to search out these unplaced estates of the +great Protector, and give them a local habitation in modern +knowledge. This is precisely one of the kind of queries which your +publication seems best fitted to aid; and I therefore submit it, in +the hope of some discoveries, to your correspondents.</p> +<p class="author">V. Belgravia, Feb. 18, 1850.</p> +<p><i>What are Depinges?</i>—In the orders made in 1574 for +regulating the fishery at Yarmouth, the Dutch settlers there are +"To provide themselves with twine and <i>depinges</i> in foreign +places." What are Depinges?</p> +<p class="author">J.S.B.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>REPLIES</h2> +<h3>ORIGIN OF THE JEWS-HARP.</h3> +<p>The "Jews-harp," or "Jews-trump," is said by several authors to +derive its name from the nation of the Jews, and is vulgarly +believed to be one of their instruments of music. Dr. Littleton +renders Jews-trump by <i>Sistrum Judaicum</i>. But no such musical +intrument is spoken of by any of the old authors that treat of the +Jewish music. In fact, the Jews-harp is a mere boy's plaything, and +incapable of in itself of being joined either with a voice or any +other instrument; and its present orthography is nothing more than +a corruption of the French <i>Jeu-trompe</i>, literally, a toy +trumpet. It is called <i>jeu-trompe</i> by Bacon, <i>Jew-trump</i> +by Beaumont and Fletcher, and <i>Jews-harp</i> by Hackluyt. In a +rare black-letter volume, entitled <i>Newes from Scotland</i>, +1591, there is a curious story of one Geilles Duncan, a noted +performer on the "Jews-harp," whose performance seems not only to +have met with the approval of a numerous audience of witches, but +to have been repeated in the presence of royalty, and by command of +no less a personage than the "Scottish Solomon," king James VI. +Agnes Sampson being brought before the king's majesty and his +council, confessed that</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Upon the night of All-hallow-even last, shee was accompanied as +well with the persons aforesaid, as also with a great many other +witches, to the number of two-hundredth; and that all they together +went to sea, each one in a riddle or sive, and went into the same +very substantially, with flaggons of wine, making merrie, and +drinking by the way, in the same riddle or sives, to the Kirk of +North Barrick in Lowthian; and that after <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page278" id="page278"></a>{278}</span> they had +landed, tooke handes on the lande and daunced this reill or short +daunce, singing all with one voice,</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"'Commer goe ye before, commer goe ye:</p> +<p class="i2">Gif ye will not goe before, commer let me.'</p> +</div> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p>"At which time, she confessed that this Geilles Duncan (a +servant girl) did goe before them, playing this reill or daunce +uppon a small <i>trumpe</i> called a <i>Jews-trumpe</i>, until they +entred into the Kirk of North Barrick. These confessions made the +King in a wonderfull admiration, and sent for the said Geilles +Duncan, who upon the like <i>trumpe</i> did play the saide daunce +before the Kinge's Majestie; who in respect of the strangenes of +these matters tooke great delight to be present at their +examinations."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>It may be as well to mention that in the Belgic or Low Dutch, +from whence come many of our toys, a <i>tromp</i> is a rattle for +children. Another etymon for <i>Jews-harp</i> is <i>Jaws-harp</i>, +because the place where it is played upon is between the jaws. To +those who wish to learn more upon the subject, I beg to refer them +to Pegge's <i>Anonymiana</i>; Dauncy's <i>Ancient Scottish +Melodies</i>; and to my edition of Chettle's <i>Kind-Harts +Dream</i> printed by the Percy Society.</p> +<p class="author">Edward F. Rimbault.</p> +<p class="note">[We are indebted also to Trebor, E.W.D., J.F.M., +and F.P. for replies to this Query. They will perceive that Dr. +Rimbault had anticipated the substance of their several +communications.]</p> +<hr /> +<h3>ÆLFRIC'S COLLOQUY.</h3> +<p>I must trouble you and some of your readers with a few words, in +reply to the doubt of "C.W.G." (No. 16. p. 248.) respecting the +word <i>sprote</i>. I do not think the point, and the Capital +letter to <i>saliu</i> in the Latin text, conclusive, as nothing of +the kind occurs in the A.-S. version, where the reading is clearly, +"<i>swa hwylce swa</i>, on watere swymmath sprote." I have seen the +Cottonian MS., which, as Mr. Hampson observes, is very distinctly +written, both in the Saxon and Latin portions; so much so in the +latter, as to make it a matter of surprise that the doubtful word +<i>saliu</i> should ever have been taken for <i>salu</i>, or +<i>casidilia</i> for <i>calidilia</i>. The omission of the words +<i>sprote</i> and <i>saliu</i>, in the St. John's MS., would only +be evidence of a more cautious scribe, who would not copy what he +did not understand.</p> +<p>Your correspondent's notion, "that the name of some fish, having +been first interlined, was afterwards inserted at random in the +text, and mis-spelt by a transcriber who did know its meaning," +appears to me very improbable; and the very form of the words +(<i>sprote</i>, <i>saliu</i>, supposing them substantives), which +have not plural terminations, would, in my mind, render his +supposition untenable. For, be it recollected, that throughout the +answers of the Fiscere, the fish are always named in the +<i>plural</i>; and it is not to be supposed that there would be an +exception in favour of <i>sprote</i>, whether intended for +<i>sprat</i> or <i>salmon</i>. Indeed, had the former been a river +fish, Hulvet and Palsgrave would have countenanced the supposition; +but then we must have had it in the plural form, <i>sprottas</i>. +As for the suggestion of <i>sprod</i> and <i>salar</i>, I cannot +think it a happy one; salmon (<i>leaxus</i>) had been already +mentioned; and <i>sprods</i> will be found to be a very confined +local name for what, in other places, are called <i>scurfes</i> or +<i>scurves</i>, and which we, in our ignorance, designate as salmon +trout. In the very scanty A.-S. ichthyologic nomenclature we +possess, there is nothing to lead us to imagine that our +Anglo-Saxon ancestors had any corresponding word for a salmon +trout. I must be excused, therefore, for still clinging to my own +explanation of <i>sprote</i>, until something more <i>specious</i> +and <i>ingenious</i> shall be advanced, but in full confidence, at +the same time, that some future discovery will elucidate its +truth.</p> +<p class="author">S.W. Singer.</p> +<p>Feb. 19. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>REHETING AND REHETOURS.</h3> +<p>As Dr. Todd's query (no. 10. p. 155.) respecting the meaning of +the words "Reheting" and "Rehetour," used by our early English +writers, has not hitherto been answered, I beg to send him a +conjectural explanation, which, if not conclusive, is certainly +probable.</p> +<p>In the royal household of France, there was formerly an officer +whose duty it was to superintend the roasting of the King's meat; +he was called the <i>Hâteur</i>, apparently in the sense of +his "hastening" or "expediting" that all-important operation. The +Fr. <i>Hâter</i>, "to hasten or urge forward," would produce +the noun-substantive <i>Hâteur</i>; and also the similar word +<i>Hâtier</i>, the French name for the roast-jack. If we +consider <i>Rehâteur</i> to be the reduplicate of +<i>Hâteur</i>, we have only to make an allowable permutation +of vowels, and the result will be the expressive old English word +"Rehetour," an appropriate name for the royal turnspit. Wycliffe +uses it, I think, in the sense of a superfluous servant, one whose +duties, like the Hâteur's, were very light indeed. He +compares the founding of new Orders in an overburthened +Church-establishment to the making of new offices in a household +already crowded with useless (and consequently idle and vicious) +servants. The multitude of fat friars and burly monks charged upon +the community were "the newe rehetours that ete mennes mete," +&c.</p> +<p>The term, thus implying an useless "do-nothing," would soon +become one of the myriad of choice epithets in the vulgar +vocabulary, as in the instances from Dunbar and Kennedy.</p> +<p>In a better sense, a verb would be derived, easily; "to +rehâte," or "rehete," <i>i.e.</i> "to provide, <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page279" id="page279"></a>{279}</span> +entertain, or refresh with meat," and thence, "to feast with +words," as used by Chaucer and the old Romancists.</p> +<p>Mr. Halliwell's authorities for rendering the participle +"Rehating" by "Burning, or smarting," are not given; but if such a +meaning existed, it may have a ready explanation by reference to +the Hâuteur's fireside labour, though suggestive of +unskilfulness or carelessness on his part.</p> +<p class="author">John Westby Gibson.</p> +<p>5. Queen Square, Aldersgate Street, Feb. 8. 1850.</p> +<p>In answer to Dr. Todd's inquiries, I would say, first of all, +the "rehatours" of Douglas and the other Scots are beside his +question, and a totally different word. Feelings cherished in the +mind will recur from time to time; and those malevolent persons, +who thus retain them, were said to <i>re-hate</i>, as they are now +said to re-sent.</p> +<p>But the verb really in question is, <i>per se</i>, a perfectly +plain one, to re-heat. The difficulty is as to its use. The primary +use, of course, is to <i>heat again</i>. The nearest secondary use +is "to cherish, cheer, or comfort, to refocillate;" which is too +plain to require more words. Another secondary meaning is "to +re-vive or to re-kindle" in its metaphoric sense. This may be said +well, as of life, health, or hope; or ill, as of war, hatred, +grief; or indifferently, as of love. What difficulty Mr. Tyrwhitt +could find in "the revival of Troilus's bitter grief" being called +"the reheating of his sore sighs," I cannot imagine. Even literal +heat is not wanting to sighs, and is often ascribed to them by +poets: and lovers' sighs are warm in every sense. I think Tyrwhitt +has thrown upon this passage the only darkness that involves +it.</p> +<p>Now comes the more difficult point, which alone concerns Dr. +Todd in his highly interesting labours upon Wycliffe. And the +method which, until better advised, I should be inclined to follow +with those passages, is to take the word nearly, though not +exactly, in what seems to have been its most usual sense; not +indeed for comforters or cherishers, but for those who promote +comfort and convenience, viz., ministers or servants. It does not +at all follow, because he is blaming the introduction of these +persons as expensive, superfluous, and otherwise evil, that he +describes them by a word expressive of evil. As a ministering angel +would be a reheting angel, so I take a rehetor here to be simply a +minister, one who waits upon your occasions and serves you.</p> +<p class="author">A.N.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>ARABIC NUMERALS.</h3> +<p>The history of the Arabic numerals, as they are generally +called, is so mixed up with that of the use of the decimal scale, +that they form, in fact, but a single inquiry. The mere history of +the bare forms of symbols has, doubtless, its use: but then it is +only in the character of <i>matériel</i> for a philosophical +discussion of the question—a discussion into which the +natural progress of the human mind and the urgency of social wants +must enter largely.</p> +<p>It might at first sight appear, from the cognate character of +the Hebrew and Arabic languages, that the idea of using a single +symbol for each number, might originate with either—with one +as likely as with the other. But on reflection it will readily +appear that the question rather resolves itself into one respecting +the "hand-cursive" of the Jews and Saracens, than into one +respecting the constitution of the languages. Of the Jewish we know +nothing, or next to nothing, at the period in question; whilst the +Arabic is as well known as even our own present style of +calligraphy. It deserves to be more carefully inquired into than +has yet been done, whether the invention of contracting the written +compound symbols of the digital numbers into single symbols did not +really originate amongst the Jews rather than the Saracens; and +even whether the Arabs themselves did not obtain them from the "Jew +merchants" of the earlier ages of our era. One thing is tolerably +certain:—that the Jew merchant would, as a matter of +precaution, keep all his accounts in some secret notation, or in +cipher. Whether this should be a modified form of the Hebrew +notation, or of the Latin, must in a great degree depend upon the +amount of literary acquirement common amongst that people at the +time.</p> +<p>Assuming that the Jews, as a literate people, were upon a par +with their Christian contemporaries, and that their knowledge was +mainly confined to mere commercial notation, an anonymous writer +has shown how the modifications of form could be naturally made, in +vol. ii. of the <i>Bath and Bristol Magazine</i>, pp. 393-412.; the +motto being <i>valent quanti valet</i>, as well as the title +professing it to be wholly "conjectural." Some of the speculations +in it may, however, deserve further considerations than they have +yet received.<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href= +"#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a></p> +<p>The contraction of the compound symbols for the first nine +digits into single "figures," enabled the computer to dispense with +the manual labour of the <i>abacus</i>, whilst in his graphic +notation he retained its essential principle of <i>place</i>. It +seems to be almost invariably forgotten by writers on <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page280" id="page280"></a>{280}</span> the +subject, what, without <i>this principle</i>, no improvement in +mere notation would have been of material use in arithmetic; and on +the other hand that the main difference between the arithmetic of +the <i>abacus</i> and the arithmetic of the <i>slate</i>, consists +in the inevitable consequences of the denotation of the single +digits by single symbols.</p> +<p>The <i>abacus</i>, however, in its ordinary form, is essentially +a decimal instrument: but its form was also varied for commercial +purposes, perhaps in different ways. I never heard of the existence +of one in any collection: but there is preserved in the British +Museum a picture of one. This was printed by Mr. Halliwell in his +<i>Rara Mathematica</i>—not a fac-simile, but a rule and type +representation of it, ciphers being used by him for the circles in +the original. Mr. Halliwell gives it without note or remark; and +evidently had not divined its meaning. This was done, however, soon +after in a review of Mr. Halliwell's book in the <i>Philosophical +Magazine</i>. I am not able at this moment to refer to either, so +as to give exact dates: but is was somewhere from 1838 to 1840.</p> +<p>Perhaps, however, I am giving "E.V." information that may be +irrelevant to his purpose; though it may of some use to another +class of inquirers. I proceed, therefore, to one or two notices +that seem to have a more direct bearing on his object:</p> +<p>1. Chasles' <i>Aperçu Historique sur l'Origine et le +Développement de Méthodes en +Géométrie</i>; passim, but especially in note xii.: +4to., Bruxelles, 1837.</p> +<p>2. Chasles' several notices in <i>Comptes Rendus des +Séances de l'Acad. des Sciences.</i> All subsequent to the +"Aperçu."</p> +<p>His <i>Catalogue des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque de +Ville de Chartres</i> should also be consulted, if accessible to +"E.V." Copies of it, however, are very rare in the country, as it +was privately printed and never published. If, however, your +correspondent have any serious inquiry in view which should render +his consultation of it desirable, I can put it in his power to do +so personally through you.</p> +<p>3. Libri, several notices in the same series of papers.</p> +<p>4. Libri, <i>Histoire des Sciences Mathématiques en +Italie</i>. Several places. Bactulica. Paris, 1838-1841. 4 tomes. +8vo.</p> +<p>5. Peacock (Dean of Ely), "Arithmetic," in the +<i>Encyclopædia Metropolitana</i>. This is now, I believe to +be had either separately, or in the volume devoted to pure +"Mathematics."</p> +<p>6. De Morgan, <i>Penny Cyclopædia</i> in loc., and +occasionally elsewhere in the work.</p> +<p>7. Leslie's <i>Philosophy of Arithmetic</i>.</p> +<p>8. Humboldt, in a paper which is translated in the <i>Journal of +the Royal Institution</i>, vol. xxix.</p> +<p>I believe a good many other references might be made, with +little trouble, to foreign Mémoires; and (perhaps still more +to your correspondent's apparent purpose) to some amongst the +Mémoires that relate to inscriptions and topography, rather +that amongst those relating directly to science or literature. +However, the two parts of the subject cannot be effectively studied +separately from each other; and I am not without a hope that these +straggling notes may be of some use to "E.V."</p> +<p>Under the view of inscriptions it occurs to my memory that in +two or three places on the church of St. Brelade in Jersey, there +are marked four vertical straight lines, which are interpreted by +the natives to signify the Arabic numerals 1111; as the date MCXI +of the building of the church. The church is evidently a very +ancient one, and it is agreed to be the oldest in the island, and +the island historians assign it to the early part of the 12th +century. For these symbols being coeval with the building I do not +vouch: as (though it is difficult to say what may constitute +antiquity in the look of four parallel lines) I confess that to my +eye they had "as modern a look" as four such lines could well have. +The sudden illness of one of my party during our visit (1847), +however, precluded my examining that beautiful spot and its +interesting little church with the care I should have wished.</p> +<p>I may be allowed to suggest the necessity of some degree of +caution in discussing this question: especially not to assume that +any Arabic numerals which appear in ecclesiastical inscriptions are +coeval with the dates they express; but rather inquire whether, +from the condition of the stone bearing the inscription, these +numbers may not have been put there at a later period, during +repairs and alterations of the building itself. It is for many +reasons improbable, rather than otherwise, that the Arabic numerals +should have been freely used (if used at all) on <i>ecclesiastical +structures</i> till long after the Reformation: indeed they are not +so even yet.</p> +<p>But more. Even where there is authentic evidence of such symbols +being used in ecclesiastical inscriptions, the forms of them will +tell nothing. For generally in such cases an antique form of symbol +would be assumed, if it were the alteration of a "learned clerk;" +or the arabesque taste of the carver of the inscription would be +displayed in grotesque forms. We would rather look for genuine than +coeval symbols of this kind upon tombs and monuments, and the +altar, than upon the building itself; and these will furnish +collateral proofs of the genuineness of the entire inscriptions +rather than any other class of architectural remains. The evidence +of the inscriptions on "Balks and beams" in old manorial dwellings +is especially to be suspected.</p> +<p class="author">T.S.D.</p> +<p>Shooter's Hill, Feb 11, 1850.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name= +"footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag1">(return)</a> +<p>In vol. iii. of the same work is another paper by the same +author, entitled, "Conjectures respecting the Origin of Alphabetic +writing," pp. 365-384. Reference to these papers is principally +made, not on the ground of any assumed merit, but because +<i>all</i> that has been written on any given subject ought, if +possible, to be brought before the minds of those engaged in the +prosecution of the inquiry./p></p> +</blockquote> +<p><i>Arabic Numerals.</i>—If you think the following +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page281" id= +"page281"></a>{281}</span> title will do for your correspondent +"E.V." (No. 15. p. 230.), please to communicate it to him:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Mannert, K., de Numerorum, quos arabicos voc., vera origine +pythagorico; e. Fig. aen. 8vo. Nürnberg, 1801."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">Oscar Heun.</p> +<p>Cambridge, Feb. 11. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Arabic Numerals</i> (No. 15. p. 230.).—Your +correspondent should consult Peacock's "History of Arithmetic" in +the <i>Encyclopædia Metropolitana</i>; and, if he can get +them, the notes to Chasles' <i>Aperçu Historique des +Méthodes en Géométric</i>, and various papers +of Mr. Chasles, published in the <i>Comptes Rendus</i> of the +French Institute. He may perhaps find some information in De +Morgan's <i>Arithmetical Books</i>, particularly at p. 14.</p> +<p class="author">M.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>THE FRATERNITY OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE—CHAUCER'S NIGHT +CHARM.</h3> +<p>In a little work by Costanzi, entitled <i>Le Istituzioni di +Pieta che si esercitano in Roma</i>, &c., and published A.D. +1825, in Rome, where the schools under the management of that +brotherhood are in great favour, "C.F.S." will find much to +interest him on the subject, though not exactly in the order in +which he has put his queries (No. 14. p. 214.), nor to their full +extent.</p> +<p>Mr. Thoms, to whom English mediæval literature is so much +beholden, asks very earnestly for some information about "the white +Paternoster" and "seynte Petres soster," (No. 15. p. 229.). Perhaps +the following guesses may not be without use. First, then, about +the "white Paternoster:"</p> +<p>Henry Parker, a Carmelite friar of Doncaster, who wrote his +admirable <i>Compendiouse Treatyse, or Dialogue of Dives and +Pauper</i>, during the reign of Edward IV., speaking against +superstitions, and especially "craftes and conjurations with holy +prayers," says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"They that use holy wordes of the gospel, Pater noster, Ave, or +Crede, or holy prayers in theyr wytchecraftes, for charmes or +conjurations—they make a full hye sacrifice to the fende. It +hath oft ben knowen, that wytches, with sayenge of their Pater +noster and droppynge of the holy candell in a man's steppes that +they hated, hath done his fete rotton of. Dr. What should the Pater +noster, and the holy candell do therto? Pau. Ryght nought. But for +the wytche worshyppeth the fende so highly with the holy prayers, +and with the holy candell, and used suche holy thinges in despyte +of God therefore is the fende redy to do the wytche's wylle and to +fulfyll thinges that they done it for. 'The Fyrst Command,' cap. +XXXV. Fol. 52. Imprynted by T. Berthelet, 1536. 12mo."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>That the Pater noster used sometimes to be said with the wicked +design of working ill to individuals, and by those who were deemed +witches, is clear form the above extract: may not, then, this +"wytche's" Pater noster be the "white" Pater noster, against which +the night-spell in Chaucer was employed? "Wyche" may easily be +imagined to have glided into "white."</p> +<p>"Seynte Petres soster," I suspect has a reference to St. +Petronilla's legend. St. Petronilla, among our forefathers, was +called St. Pernell, and <i>The Golden Lengend</i> imprinted 1527, +by Wynkyn de Word, tells us, fol. cxxxi. b., that she "was doughter +of saynt peter thappostle, whiche was ryght fayre and bewteous, and +by the wyll of her fader she was vexed with fevers and akes." For a +long while she lay bed-ridden. From the name of this saint, who +went through so many years of her life in sickness, perhaps was +borrowed the word "pernell," to mean a person in a sickly weak +state of health, in which sense, Sir Thomas More (<i>Works</i>, +London, 1557, p. 893) employs it, while bantering Tindal. St. +Peter's daughter (St. Pernell) came to be looked upon, in this +country, as the symbol of bad health under all its forms. Now, if +we suppose that the poet mistook, and wrote "soster" instead of +"doughter," we immediately understand the drift of the latter part +of the spell, which was, not only to drive away witchcraft, but +guard all the folks in that house from sickness of every kind.</p> +<p class="author">Daniel Rock.</p> +<p>Buckland, Faringdon.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>By Hook or by Crook—Pokership—Gib +Cat—Emerod.</i>—I regret that very pressing business +has hitherto prevented me from supplying an omission in my +communication relating to the probable derivation of "By Hook or by +Crook;" namely, my authority for saying there was evidence of the +usage I referred to in forest customs. I now beg to supply that +omission, by referring to the numerous claims for fuel wood made by +divers persons at the justice seats held in the reigns of Charles +I. and Charles II. for the New Forest, and which will be found at +the Tower and Chapter House. Among others of these claims, I would +mention that made by the tenant of land in Barnford, No. 112., who +claims to have had the privilege, from <i>time immemorial</i>, of +going into the king's wood to take the <i>dead branches</i> off the +trees therein, "with a cart, a horse, a <i>Hook and a Crook</i>, +and a sail cloth." Verily this necessity for a sail cloth seems to +point very distinctly to his being obliged to collect his fire-wood +"by Hook or by Crook." May I add, that I do not think that any of +the notes I have seen hitherto, with reference to this subject, +invalidate the supposition of the origin being forestal; all that +they <span class="pagenum"><a name="page282" id= +"page282"></a>{282}</span> appear to me to prove is, that the +saying is of long standing.</p> +<p>With reference to the query regarding the word Pokership (No. +12. p. 185.), I would observe, that the word is correctly copied +from the grant, and that it was so spelt in all the previous grants +that I have been able to refer to. As to the meaning of the word, I +am of the opinion that it is intended to express the office of +keeping the hogs in the forest, <i>i.e.</i> Porcarius. Pokership +was probably spelt in early times Pawkership, from Pawn, I +apprehend; subsequently it was either spelt or pronounced +Paukership or Pokership. In corroboration of this view, I would +mention, that on referring to the Pipe Roll, 6 John, county of +<i>Hereford</i>, the following will be found:—"Hubert de +Burgo, Et i libæ const. Parcario de heford, xxxs. vd." If, +however, Parkership be deemed the more correct reading, still it +does not of necessity apply to the custody of a park; it might have +denoted the pound-keeper, for, in matters relating to manors, +<i>parcus</i> means a pound.</p> +<p>With respect to the query about Gib Cat, you will find the +subject treated on largely in the <i>Etymologicon</i>—I may +say, exhausted.</p> +<p>By the bye, there can be no doubt that Emerod means Emerald; +formerly Emerald would be spelt Emeraud, and the transition is +natural to Emerode—Emerod. With regard to the supposed size +being an objection to this reading, it will be found that anciently +the <i>matrix</i> of the Emerald, which is <i>tinged</i> green, +went by the name of the more valuable jewel.</p> +<p class="author">T.R.F.</p> +<p>Spring Gardens, Feb. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Golden Frog</i> (No. 14. p. 214.).—Sir John Poley's +frog may have been a device alluding to his name; I imagine that +Poley is an appelative of frogs. I find in Halliwell's <i>Dict. of +Archaic Words</i>, "<i>Polly</i>wig," and in Jamieson's <i>Scottish +Dictionary</i>, "<i>Pow</i>lick," both meaning <i>tadpole</i>, and +both <i>diminutive</i> forms; and Rowley <i>Poley</i> is closely +(though not very logically) connected with the <i>frog</i> who +would a-wooing go. The word has probably the same root as +<i>poole</i>, <i>puddle</i>, &c.</p> +<p class="author">R.R.</p> +<p><i>Madoc.</i>—In addition to what is stated (No. 4. p. +56.) on this subject, may be noted, that in the MS. Add. 14,957. +British Museum, fol. 149., is a letter from Dr. David Samwell to +the Gwyneddigion Society, dated 23rd March, 1791, in which he +states, that the result of an interview, held by himself and +William Owen with General Bowles, "places the existence of a race +of Welsh Indians beyond all matter of doubt." This race is +identified with <i>Padongas</i> on the Missouri, who are said to be +of a different complexion from the other Indian races, and to have +books, which they were not able to read. Is this information to be +depended on or not?</p> +<p class="author">F.M.</p> +<p><i>MSS. of Sir Roger Twysden</i> (No. 5. p. +76.).—Twysden's MSS. were purchased by Sir Thomas Sebright, +in or before the year 1715, and in the Sebright sale at Leigh and +Sotheby's, in 1807, appear to be two of the MSS. inquired after by +the Rev. L.B. Larking, namely, Lot 1224., "Vita et Epistolæ +Sancti Thomæ, Archiepiscopi Cant." (purchased by Heber, and, +at his sale in 1836, resold [Lot 323.] to Sir Thomas Phillipps), +and Lot 1225., "Epistolæ Beati Anselmi, Archieposcopi Cant.", +purchased by Dardis; but what became of it afterwards I know +not.</p> +<p class="author">F.M.</p> +<p><i>Royal Genealogies</i> (No. 6. p. 92.).—The inquirer +will find, probably, what he requires, in a work by J.F. Dambergen, +entitled, "Sechzig genaealogische auch chronologische und +statistische Tabellen, zu Fürstentafel und Fürstenbuch +der Europäischen Staatengeschichte," fol. Regensburg, 1831, in +which the descents are brought down to a recent period.</p> +<p class="author">F.M.</p> +<p><i>Astle's MSS.</i> (No. 15. p. 230.).—After the death of +Astle, in 1803, his collection of MSS. was purchased, pursuant to +his will, for the sum of 500<i>l.</i>, by the Marquess of +Buckingham, and they remained at Stowe till the spring of last +year, when they passed, with the rest of that noble collection, +into the hands of the Earl of Ashburnham, for the sum of +8000<i>l.</i>;—a loss to the public much to be regretted.</p> +<p class="author">F.M.</p> +<p><i>Dr. Hugh Todd's MSS</i>. (No. 16. p. 246.).—The first +of the five MSS. mentioned by Mr. Walbran, namely, the Chartulary +of Fountains Abbey, is at present in University College, Oxford, +and perhaps some of the other MSS. may be there also. A catalogue +of the MSS. of this College has been printed, compiled by the Rev. +H.O. Coxe, of the Bodleian Library; but I have not been able to +consult a copy of it in London.</p> +<p class="author">F.M.</p> +<p><i>Sir William Ryder</i> (No. 12. p. 186.),—"H.F." is +informed that Sir William Ryder, Lord Mayor of London in 1660, +lived at Bethnal Green, received the honour of knighthood, 12th +March, 1660 or 1661; died 30th August, 1669; and was buried 9th +September following at St. Andrew Undershaft, London. He had two +sons, one of whom was Thomas Ryder, who was an equerry to King +James II., and lord of the manor of Bilsington, in Kent. He +performed some service at the coronation of Queen Anne; and his +son, Sir Barnham Ryder, was knighted at the coronation of her +successor. The other son of Sir William Ryder was William Ryder, +gentleman. Sir William Ryder had five daughters:—1. +Elizabeth, who married Richard, son of Sir Thomas Midleton, of +Chirk Castle in Denbighshire, knight. 2. Priscilla, the wife of +Richard Baylie, son of Dr. Baylie, Dean of <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page283" id="page283"></a>{283}</span> Sarum. 3. +Mary. 4. Anne. 5. Martha.—<i>Harl. MSS.</i> 5801, 5802.</p> +<p class="author">F.E.</p> +<p><i>Scole Inn.</i>—In answer to the query (No. 16. p. 245.) +respecting the Sign and House at Scole Inn, I beg to refer to vol. +ii. p. 142., of the <i>History of Norfolk</i>, published by Crouse +and Booth of Norwich, in 1781, in 10 vols. 8vo.</p> +<p>I beg to state that I have impressions of two large prints, one +of the "House," and the other of the "Sign." They were published in +1740.—"Joshua Kirby," del., "John Fossey," sculpt.</p> +<p>I have also a smaller print of the "Sign" taken from the +opposite side—from the larger one—apparently by the +same parties, but the names of the drawer and engraver are cut +off.</p> +<p>I think the Sign was not take down till after 1795, as I have a +recollection of having passed <i>under it</i> when a boy, in going +from Norwich to Ipswich.</p> +<p>The sign was large and handsome, and extended across the +road.</p> +<p>In <i>Kirby's Print</i>, it is stated to have cost Mr. James +Peck, who was a merchant at Norwich, 1057<i>l.</i></p> +<p>The prints are not very scarce, and may be got at many of the +printsellers in London.</p> +<p class="author">J.B.</p> +<p>About twenty years ago I have seen hanging up on the wall of the +principal entry of this inn, a print of its original front, +comprising the various figure, coats of arms, &c. which adorned +it: in this account the founder Peck was called a citizen of +Norwich, and the traveller was puzzled by this piece of +information. "It is called Scole Inn, because it is at about the +same distance from Norwich, Ipswich, and Bury."</p> +<p class="author">M. Prendergast.</p> +<p>7. Serjeant's Inn. Fleet Street, Feb. 19. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Killigrew Family and Scole Inn Sign</i> (No. 15. p. +231.).—Doubtless there are pedigrees of the Killigrew family +in the <i>Visitations of Cornwall</i>, which would answer Mr. +Lower's questions. Many notices of them also occur in Gilbert's +<i>History of Cornwall</i>, and Wood's <i>Athenæ Oxon.</i>, +Bliss. ed., and both those works have good indexes.</p> +<p>There is a folded engraving of Scole Inn Sign (No. 16. p. 245.) +in Armstrong's <i>History of Norfolk</i>, vol. ii. p. 144., but I +never could learn when or why the sign was removed. The couchant +stag in the centre was the Cornwallis crest.</p> +<p class="author">Braybrooke.</p> +<p>Audley End.</p> +<p><i>Pavoise of the Black Prince</i> (No. 12. p. 183).—It is +very probably that the <i>Pavoise</i> which "Bolton" mentions as +hanging in his time at the tomb of Edward the Black Prince, was no +part of the original collection.</p> +<p>"A quilted coat-armour, with <i>half-sleeves tabard +fashion</i>," reads oddly as part of this prince's costume; but we +know that sometimes "Coming events cast their shadows before."</p> +<p class="author">T.W.</p> +<p><i>Welsh Ambassador.</i>—The following use of the word +"Welsh" <i>in metaphor</i>, may perhaps serve as a clue to, or +illustration of, G.'s query (No. 15. p. 230.):</p> +<blockquote> +<p><i>Andrew</i>. "In tough <i>Welsh</i> parsley, which in our +vulgar tongue, is Strong hempen altars."—Beaumont and +Fletcher, <i>Elder Brother</i>, Act. 1. ad fin.</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">Petit André</p> +<p>Pleissis-les-Tours, Fevrier, 1850.</p> +<p><i>Phoenix—by Lactantius.</i>—"Seleucus" is +informed, in answer to his query in No. 13. p. 203., that he will +find the Latin poem of the <i>Phoenix</i>, in hexameters <i>and +pentameters</i>, in that scarce little volume, edited by Pithaeus, +and published at Paris in 1590 (see Brunet), <i>Epigrammata et +Poematia Vetera, &c.</i> (of which I am happy to say I possess +a most beautiful copy), where it is headed "Phoenix, Incerti +Auctoris;" and again at the end of the edition of <i>Claudian</i> +by P. Burmann Secundus Amsterdam, 1760), with the following +title,—<i>Lactantia Elegia, de Phoenice; vulgo Claudiano ad +scripta, &c.</i>, where also another correspondent, "R.G." (in +No. 15. p. 235.), will find much information as to who was the +author of the poem.</p> +<p class="author">C.J.C.</p> +<p>Feb. 9. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Catsup</i> (no. 8. p. 125.).—"Catsup" is to be found +thus spelt in Todd's <i>Johnson's Dictionary</i> (London, 1818). He +describes it as a kind of Indian pickles imitated by pickled +mushrooms; and quotes these two lines of Swift:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And for our home-bred British cheer,</p> +<p>Botargo, catsup, and cavier."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>An eminnet Sanscrit scholar informs me that "kuck-hup" is the +Hindostanee word for Turtle; it is to be met in the Vocabulary +attached to Gilchrist's <i>East Indian Guide</i> (8vo. London, +1820). May not the name of the sauce take its origin from the use +of it in preparing the turtle for the table? In the <i>Cuisinier +Royal, par Viart</i>, p. 75., it is mentioned among the "petites +sauces," as ket-chop, "ou Soyac;" and the receipt for making it +ends with "servez le avec le poisson." (Published at Paris, +1840.)</p> +<p class="author">C.I.R.</p> +<p><i>The Buckingham Motto</i> (No. 9. p. 138., and No. 16. p. +252.).—On examining the original manuscript the true reading +of this motto appears to me to be,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Sovente me sovene,</p> +<p>Harre Bokynghame.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I should translate it, "souvent me souvenez;" an Anglo-French +paraphrase of "sis memor mei;" or, "Ne m'oubliez pas." I have great +doubt <span class="pagenum"><a name="page284" id= +"page284"></a>{284}</span> whether the original MS. can be safely +assumed to be an <i>autograph</i>.</p> +<p class="author">S.</p> +<p class="note">[Our correspondent "P." writes, "It surprises me +your OEdipi should be so wide of the mark in this motto. It is +simply, 'Oft remember me.'"]</p> +<p><i>Devices of the Standards of the Anglo-Saxons</i> (No. 14. p. +216.).—The arms, <i>i.e.</i> the standards of the successive +rulers of Britain, may be found in Sir Winston Churchill's curious +work, <i>Divi Britannici</i>, which gives (as your correspondent +supposes) the White Horse for Kent, the White Dragon for Wessex, +and the Raven for the Danes.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>Prutenicæ</i> (No. 14. p. 215.).—The work to +which your correspondent alludes is, I presume, <i>Prutenicæ +Tabulæ Cælestium Motuum, autore Erasmo Reinholdo</i>: +Tubingæ, 1562. This work is dedicated to Albert, Duke of +<i>Prussia</i>. In the dedication is the following passage:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Ego has tubulas <i>Prutenicas</i> dici volui, ut sciret +posteritas tuâ liberalitate, Princeps Alberte, nos adjutos +esse, et tibi gratiam ab iis, quibus profuturæ sunt +deberi."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Reinhold therefore called them Prutenie, <i>i.e. Prussian</i> +tables, in compliment to the reigning duke. <i>Pruteni</i> is an +ancient name of the Prussians. Albert (grandson of Albert the +Achilles, Margrave of Brandenburg) was in 1511 elected Grand Master +of the Teutonic Knights, who then held Prussia. He continued the +war which his order had for some time carried on with his uncle, +Sigismund I., King of Poland. But he subsequently embraced the +doctrines of Luther, deserted his order, became reconciled to +Sigismund, and for his reward East Prussia was now first raised +into a duchy as a fief of Poland, and made hereditary in his +family. This Albert was the founder of the University of +Konigsberg. (See Puffendorff, Frederick the Great, and +Robertson.)</p> +<p><i>Pandoxare</i> (No. 13. p. 202., No. 15. p. 234.).—There +is, or till very lately was, an officer of Trinity College, +Cambridge, called the Pandoxator. He had the oversight of the +college brewhouse, and formerly of the college bakehouse also. See +Monk's <i>Life of Bentley</i>, 2nd ed. i. 210. In Dr. Bentley's +time the office seems to have been held by a senior fellow. Of late +years junior fellows have held the situation.</p> +<p class="author">C.H. Cooper.</p> +<p>Cambridge, Feb. 11. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Gazetteer of Portugal.</i>—In answer to the inquiry of +"Northman" (No. 16. p. 246.), P.C.S.S. has to state, that he +believes that the most recent, as it is unquestionably the most +copious, work on the topography of Portugal is the <i>Diccionario +Geografico de Portugal</i>, published at Lisbon in 1817, in +seventeen volumes, 8vo.</p> +<p class="author">P.C.S.S.</p> +<p><i>Dog Latin</i> (No. 15, p. 230.).—Many things low and +vulgar are marked with the prefix "dog"; as <i>dog-rose</i>, +<i>dog-trick</i>, <i>dog-hole</i>, as also <i>dog-gerel</i>. When +the great mortar was set up in St. James's Park, some one asked +"Why the carriage was ornamented with dog's heads?" "To justify the +Latin inscription," said Jekyl.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>Epigram</i> (No. 15. p. 233.).—Surely not by Kenrick, +if written, as it seems, about 1721. Kenrick was not heard of for +near thirty years later.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>Pallace, Meaning of</i> (No. 15. p. 233.).—Put out of +all doubt by the following article in Phillips's <i>World of +Words</i>. "<i>Pallacia</i>, in old records, 'Pales or paled +fences.'"</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>Meaning of Pallace</i> (No. 13. p. 202., and No. 15. p. +233.).—Bishop Horsley seems to throw some light on this point +by his note on the 9th verse of the 45th Psalm. The learned prelate +says</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"'Out of the ivory palaces whereby they have made thee +glad,'—rather, from 'cabinets of Armenian ivory they have +pleasured thee.' From <i>cabinets</i> or <i>wardrobes</i>, in which +the perfumes, or the garments were kept."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This meaning of the word, derived from the Hebrew, corroborates +the sense given to it in Mr. Halliwell's <i>Dictionary of Archaic, +&c. Words</i>, viz, a <i>storehouse</i>.</p> +<p class="author">Alfred Gatty.</p> +<p>Ecclesfield, Feb. 9.</p> +<p><i>Ælian.</i>—The querist (No. 15. p. 232.) is +informed that Ælian's Treatise <i>De Animalium +Naturâ</i> has been translated into Latin as well as his +other works, by Conrad Gessner, fol. Zurich, 1556; but, it does not +appear that an English translation of it has hitherto been +published.</p> +<p class="author">A.W.</p> +<p>Brighton.</p> +<p><i>Why Dr. Dee quitted Manchester.</i>—A correspondent +(No. 14. p. 216.) of yours wishes to know the reason why Dr. Dee +resigned his wardenship and left Manchester. I would refer him to +the interesting "Life of Dee," by Dr. Cooke Taylor, in his +<i>Romantic Biography of the Age of Elizabeth</i>, who writes:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"But in his days mathematics were identified with magic, and +Dee's learned labours only served to strengthen the imputations +cast upon his character by the Fellows of his College in +Manchester. He was so annoyed by these reports that he presented a +petition to King James, requesting to have his conduct judicially +investigated; but the monarch, on the mere report that Dee was a +conjuror, refused to show him the slightest favor. Indignant at the +injurious treatment he continued to receive, he quitted Manchester +with his family in the month of November, 1604: it is uncertain +whether he renounced his wardenship at the same time, but he seems +to have received no more of its revenues; for, during the remainder +of his life, <span class="pagenum"><a name="page285" id= +"page285"></a>{285}</span> which was passed at Mortlake, he +suffered severely from the pressure of poverty."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>He died in 1608. Dr. Taylor, I suppose, writes on the authority +of Dee's MSS. and Journal, edited by Dr. Isaac Casaubon.</p> +<p class="author">W.M.K.</p> +<p><i>Viridis Vallis</i> (no. 14. p. 213.).—This is the +monastery of <i>Groenendael</i>, situated in the forest of +Soignies, near Brussels. In the <i>Bibliothèque des Ducs de +Bourgoyne</i> are preserved several manuscript volumes relative to +its history. (See Marchal's <i>Catalogue</i>, vol. ii. p. 84.) Sir +Thomas Phillipps has also a Chartulary of this monastery among his +manuscripts.</p> +<p class="author">F.M.</p> +<p><i>Recent Novel.</i>—I beg to inform "Adolphus" that the +Novel of which he is in search (No. 15. p. 231.) is <i>Le Morne au +Diable</i>, by Eugène Sue; the hero of which is the Duke of +Monmouth, who is supposed to have escaped to Martinique.</p> +<p class="author">J.S.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MISCELLANIES.</h3> +<p><i>Use of Monosyllables.</i>—In Beaumont and Fletcher's +<i>Boadicea</i>, Act 3. Sc. 1. (Edinbugh, 1812), I meet with the +following lines in Caratach's Apostrophe to "Divine Andate," and +which seem to corroborate Mr. C. FORBES'S theory (No. 16. p. 228.) +on the employment of monosyllables by Shakspeare, when he wished to +express violent and overwhelming emotion: at least they appear to +be used much in the same way by the celebrated dramatists whom I +quote:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Give us this day good hearts, good enemies,</p> +<p>Good blows on both sides, wounds that fear or flight</p> +<p>Can claim no share in; steel us both with anger,</p> +<p>And warlike executions fit thy viewing.</p> +<p>Let Rome put on her best strength, and thy Britain,</p> +<p>Thy little Britain, but as great in fortune,</p> +<p>Meet her as strong as she, as proud, as daring!</p> +<p>And then look on, thou red-eyed God; who does best,</p> +<p>Reward with honour; who despair makes fly,</p> +<p>Unarm for ever, and brand with infamy!"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">C.I.R.</p> +<p>Feb. 16.</p> +<p><i>To endeavour oneself</i> (No. 8. p. 125.).—"G.P." +thinks that the verb "endeavour" takes a middle voice form in the +collect for the second Sunday after Easter, in the preface to the +Confirmation Service, and in the Form of Ordering of Priests: but +in these instances is it any thing more than the verb neuter, +implying that we should endeavour ourselves to follow, &c.?</p> +<p>In Shepherd's <i>Elucidation of the Book of Common Prayer</i> (2 +vols. 8vo. Lord. 1817), under the head of the Confirmation Office, +it is stated relative to the persons to be confirmed (vol. ii. p. +312.), "that they solemnly engage evermore to endeavour faithfully +to perform their part of that covenant."</p> +<p class="author">C.I.R.</p> +<p><i>Evelyn's Sculptura.</i>—In a copy of Evelyn's +<i>Sculptura</i>, 3rd edit., with Memoir of the Author's Life, 8vo. +London, 1759, I find the following memorandum, in pencil, prefixed +to the Memoirs:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"By Dr. Warton of Winchester, as he himself informed me in +1785."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>An autograph resembling "J. Chelmar" is on the fly-leaf. As I do +not see this Memoir ascribed to Dr. Warton in any list, to which I +have access, of his writings, perhaps the Memoir is not generally, +or at all, known to be by him, and I therefore send the memorandum +to you to be winnowed in your literary threshing-floor, by those +who have better means and more leisure to ascertain its value.</p> +<p class="author">J.M.</p> +<p>Oxford, Feb. 5.</p> +<p><i>William Baxter.</i>—I do not know whether William +Baxter is authority for anything. When you see a word quoted from +one of the languages or dialects which the moderns call Celtic, +that word will very commonly be found not to exist. When at a loss, +quote Celtic. If W. Baxter says (see No. 13. p. 195.) that +<i>buarth papan</i> means the sun's ox-stall, or, in other words, +that <i>papan</i> means the sun, I should wish to know where else +such a name for that luminary, for or any thing else, may be met +with? I have not found any such thing.</p> +<p class="author">A.N.</p> +<p><i>Derivation of the word "Avon."</i>—Among the many +proofs of the prevalence of the Gaelic roots in existing names at +both ends of the island, it may be mentioned that there are ten +rivers named <i>Avon</i> in Britain, and <i>Avon</i> is simply the +Gaelic word for a river.</p> +<p class="author">J.U.G. Gutch.</p> +<p><i>Warton and Heinsius.</i>—A late critic thinks he has +discovered that Mr. Thomas Warton, a contemporary of Mr. Wise, and +fellow of the same college, an antiquary and scholar of whom +England may be proud, knew little of Latin, and less of Greek, +because, forsooth, he did not notice Milton's false quantities, +which Heinsius did! As well might it be argued, that the critic is +an immoral man, because he did not notice the delinquencies of +Heinsius in a moral point of view; the said Heinsius being obliged +to resign his secretaryship to the city of Amsterdam in consequence +of a prosecution by a young woman for breach of promise of +marriage, under the faith of which she had lived with him, and +borne him two children. The sentence of <i>misdaadigheyd</i> was +pronounced against him, and confirmed, on appeal, by the supreme +court of Holland, in 1662. So much for the unpatriotic puff of the +learned foreigner, to <span class="pagenum"><a name="page286" id= +"page286"></a>{286}</span> the disparagement of one of the greatest +ornaments of English literature. As one "note" naturally produces +another, I hope your sense of justice, Mr. Editor, will admit this, +in order to counter-balance the effect of the former one; +appearing, as it did, in a periodical of considerable circulation, +which, I am glad to hear, is soon to be very much improved.</p> +<p class="author">J.I.</p> +<p><i>Queen's Bagnio</i> (No. 13. p. 196.).—The Queen's +Bagnio in Long Acre was on the south side, nearly opposite to the +door of Long Acre Chapel. The Duke's bath I have always heard was +in Old Belton Street, now Endell Street; the fourth house from +Castle Street on the west side. It has been new fronted not long +since; but at the time that I frequented the baths there—the +exterior had pilasters, and a handsome cornice in the style of +Inigo Jones,—all being built in dark red brick. Within there +was a large plunging bath, paved and lined with marble, the walls +being covered by small tiles of blue and white, in the Dutch +fashion. The supply of water was from a well on the premises.</p> +<p>There were several apartments for warm-bathing, having the baths +and pavements of marble, and to several of these were attached +dressing-rooms.</p> +<p>The house is now, I believe, occupied by a carpenter; but the +baths remained, though in a dilapidated condition, a short-time +since, and probably are there still.</p> +<p class="author">T.W.</p> +<p><i>A Flemish Account.</i>—In illustration of a query in +your first number on the origin of the expression "a Flemish +Account," unless you think it too late for insertion, I send the +following extract from an old volume in the Cathedral Library at +Salisbury. It is entitled, "The Accurate Accomptant or London +Merchant, &c.; by Thomas Brown, Accomptant: composed for the +Use and Benefit of the poor Blew-Coat children educated in Christ's +Hospital, &c. London, printed by William Godbid, sen. 1669. +fol."</p> +<p>The book consists almost entirely of examples of the best +methods of keeping accounts, from which I select the following +instance:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"London, August 10th, 1668.</p> +<p>"To Roger Pace, Factor, &c., for 10 Pieces cont. 746 Ells +Fl. at 10 <i>S.</i> Flem. per Ell. is 373 <i>l.</i> Flem. Exchange +at 35 <i>S</i> makes Sterling Money 213 <i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i> 10 +<i>d.</i>"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The above extract strongly confirms the explanations of the +expressions given by your correspondents "Q.Q." and "Mr. Bolton +Corney," in No. 5. p. 74., as it proves both the necessity and +early practice of accurately distinguishing in commercial dealings +between English and Flemish methods of reckoning.</p> +<p class="author">E.A.D.</p> +<p class="note">[The following is a curious illustration of the use +of the phrase.</p> +<p class="note">"A person resident in London is said to have had +most of Caxton's publications. He sent them to Amsterdam for +inspection, and, on writing for them, was informed that they had +been destroyed by accident. 'I am very much afraid,' says Herbert, +'my kind friend received but <i>a Flemish account</i> of his +Caxtons.'"—<i>Typ. Antiq.</i>, p. 1773.]</p> +<p><i>La Mer des Histoires.</i>—I find I have a note on that +handsome old French work, <i>La Mer des Histoires</i>, which is +commonly attributed to Johannes de Columna, Archbishop of Messina; +but upon which Francis Douce, while taking notice of its being a +translation of the <i>Rudimentum Noviciorum</i> ascribed to +Mochartus, observes that it is a different work from the <i>Mare +Historiarum</i> of Johannes de Columna. Douce also informs us, that +there were several works passing under this title. Columna is +mentioned by Genebrard as the author of a book, <i>Cujus titulus +est Mater Historiarum</i>. Query? What is known of the work, which +is really Columna's?</p> +<p class="author">John Sansom.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>On Passages in Milton</h3> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And every shepherd <i>tells his tale</i></p> +<p>Under the hawthorn in the dale."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Milton's <i>L'Allegro</i>.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I used to suppose the <i>tale told</i> was a love tale. Now I +take it to mean that each shepherd <i>tells the tale</i>, that is, +counts the number of his sheep. Is there any doubt on this +point?</p> +<p>Milton (<i>Paradise Lost</i>, b. v.), speaks of "silent night +with this her <i>solemn</i> bird;" that is, the nightingale. Most +readers take "<i>solemn</i>" to mean "<i>pensive</i>;" but I cannot +doubt that Milton (who carries Latinism to excess) used it to +express <i>habitual</i>, <i>customary</i>, <i>familiar</i>, as in +its Latin form <i>sollemnis</i>.</p> +<p class="author">B.H.K.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> +<p>The lovers of accurate and painstaking topography, the students +of genealogical history, and, though last not least, those who like +to see the writings of Shakspeare, illustrated in a congenial +spirit, will read with pleasure the announcement, in our +advertising columns, that the fellow-townsmen of Joseph Hunter, the +Historian of "Hallamshire" and "The Deanery of Doncaster," and the +Illustrator of the Life and Writings of Shakspeare, have opened a +Subscription for the purpose of placing a full-length portrait of +that gentleman in the Cutlers' Hall, Sheffield.</p> +<p>When we announced Mr. Archer's projected work, entitled +<i>Vestiges of Old London, a Series of finished Etchings from +Original Drawings, with Descriptions, Historical Associations, and +other References</i>, we spoke of it as one likely, we thought, to +prove of especial interest. The appearance of the first Number +justifies to the fullest our anticipation. The pictorial +representations are replete <span class="pagenum"><a name="page287" +id="page287"></a>{287}</span> with variety, and the literary +illustrations full of a pleasant gossipping anecdotical character. +The first plate shows us <i>The Old Bulk Shop at Temple Bar</i>, +occupied by successive generations of fishmongers, and doubtless +well remembered by most of our readers; although no trace of it any +longer exists. <i>The House of John Dryden</i>, in Fetter Lane, so +designated on the authority of the late Mr. Upcott, forms the +second plate; and is followed by <i>The Altar of Diana</i>, +discovered in Foster Lane, Cheapside, in December, 1830. <i>The +Drapers' Almshouses, Crutched Friars</i>, is the next illustration, +which again is contrasted by a plate of <i>Roman Vestiges</i>, full +of interest to those who like to investigate the Roman occupation +of our metropolis; and this first part concludes with a view of +<i>The Old Chapel of St. Bartholomew, Kingsland</i>. The work is +executed in a style to delight London antiquaries, and charm those +who delight to illustrate Pennant.</p> +<p>The approaching <i>Exhibition of Works of Ancient and +Mediæval Art</i> at the rooms of the Society of Arts in the +Adelphi, promises to be one of the most interesting displays of the +kind ever exhibited in this or any other city. The possessors of +objects of beauty and rarity have vied with each other in placing +at the disposal of the Committee their choicest specimens; and the +inhabitants and visitors of the metropolis will shortly have an +opportunity of judging how numerous are the relics of "barbaric +pomp and gold" which are still left to us, and how much of beauty +of design, and "skill in workmanship" were displayed by the +"hard-handed" men of the good old times, to justify the enthusiasm +of the antiquary, and gratify the man of taste.</p> +<p>We have received, but at a moment too late to notice as it +deserves, the Catalogue of very choice Books, and Books printed on +vellum, the property of the late Mr. Rodd, which are to be sold by +Messrs. Sotheby, at their rooms in Wellington Street, on Monday +next. As a specimen, perhaps the most remarkable of this +collection, we may point out the set of the Works of Thomas +Aquinas, in 17 folio volumes, bound in 21, and which is well +described as</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A magnificent set of Books, presenting one of the finest +specimens, and at the same time the most extensive work, ever +printed upon vellum. This copy was presented by Pope Pius V. to +Philip II., king of Spain, and was deposited in the library of the +Escurial, whence it was taken during the occupation of Spain by +Bonaparte. The only other copy known is in the National Library, +Paris. It is the best edition of this author's works."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>We have received the following Catalogues:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"John Petheram's Catalogue of Old and New Books on Sale for Cash +only at 94. High Holborn. Part CVIII. No. 2. for 1850."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>a Catalogue containing some excellent books, which reached us +last week, and was omitted from our last list by accident.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Catalogue of Miscellaneous English and Foreign Books in all +Classes of Literature, selected from the Stock of Nattali and Bond, +23. Bedford Street, Covent Garden."</p> +<p>"Bibliotheca Salisburiensis. A Catalogue of Old and New Books on +sale by J. Hearn, corner of the Poultry Cross, Salisbury."</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> +<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE</h4> +<p>(<i>In continuation of Lists in former Nos.</i>)</p> +<p>Life of Colonel Birch.</p> +<h4>Odd Volumes.</h4> +<p>Goldsmith's Miscellaneous Works. (Cairn's Edition.) 12mo. +Edinburgh. 1804. Vol. III.</p> +<p>British Painters, Sculptors, and Architects. Family Library. +1830. Vol. IV.</p> +<p>Orbis Phaeton, sive de Universis Vitus Linguæ. Pars prima, +A to K. Mons. 1629.</p> +<p>Political Magazine for 1780. Vol. IX. for 1785. Vol. XII. for +1787.</p> +<p>Hudibras. 18mo. 1716. Vol. I.</p> +<p>Valpy's Delphin Classics. 63 and 64. In the original Boards.</p> +<p>Inchbald's British Theater. 12mo. 1808. Vol. IX.</p> +<p>Chevallier's Epistles of the Apostolic Fathers.</p> +<p>Historical Romances. 7 Vols., or Vol. I. Constable, 1822.</p> +<p>Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," +186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> +<p><i>We have again had to indulge in the expensive luxury of a +further reprint; and we have therefore the pleasure of announcing +that our</i> Second <i>Monthly Part, which has been out of print, +may now be had by such of our friends as want to complete their +sets.</i></p> +<p><i>We are again under the necessity of omitting many +communications, including</i> Notes, Queries, <i>and</i> Replies, +<i>which are in type; but we hope, by enlarging next week's paper +to</i> 24 <i>pages, instead of</i> 16, <i>to find room for +inserting many interesting papers which we have been hitherto +compelled to omit for want of room.</i></p> +<p><i>To correspondents inquiring as to the mode of procuring</i> +"Notes and Queries," <i>we have once more to explain, that every +bookseller and newsman will supply it regularly</i>, if ordered; +<i>and that gentlemen residing in the country, who may find a +difficulty in getting it through any bookseller in their +neighbourhood, may be supplied regularly with the</i> stamped +<i>edition, by giving their orders direct to the publisher</i>, Mr. +George Bell, 186. <i>Fleet Street, accompanied by a Post Office +order, for a quarter, 4s. 4d.; a half year, 8s. 8d.; or one year, +17s. 4d.</i></p> +<p>A.J.V. <i>will find an answer to his query respecting</i> +Angels' Visits, <i>&c. in No. 7. p. 102.; and respecting the +Hudibrastic couplet, in No. 12. p. 179</i>.</p> +<p>M.X. (Bridport). <i>The work</i> well bound <i>will only fetch +about seven or eight pounds in a sale room, and may be purchased +for about ten.</i></p> +<p>Errata. No. 9. p. 133. col. 1. l. 51., for "Silent" read +"Select;" l. 54., for "imposing" read "composing;" and col. 2. l. +43. after "that" insert "Simpson's." No. 17. p. 263. col. 1. l. +49., for "Respublicæ" read "Respublica."</p> +<hr class="adverts" /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page288" id= +"page288"></a>{288}</span> +<p>Exceedingly Choice and Rare Books, and Books printed upon +Vellum, the property of the late eminent bookseller, Mr. Thos. +Rodd.</p> +<p>MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and Co., (auctioneers of literary +property and works illustrative of the fine arts,) will SELL by +AUCTION in pursuance of the will of the deceased, at their House, +3. Wellington Street, Strand, on Monday, March 4. at 1 precisely, a +very choice selection of fine and RARE BOOKS, and Books printed +upon Vellum, the property of the late eminent bookseller, Mr. +Thomas Rodd, of Great Newport Street, London; including among the +more valuable books, Aquinatis Opera Omnia, 21 vols., Romæ, +1570, a magnificent set of books, printed on vellum, presented by +Pope Pius V. to Philip II, King of Spain; Homer Opera Græce, +editio princeps, fine copy, Florentiæ, 1488; Valerius +Maximus, printed on vellum, Moguntiæ, 1471; Vivaldus de +Veritate Contritionis, printed on vellum, unique, 1503; Lancelot du +Lac, Chevalier de la Table Ronde, beautiful copy; Ciceronis +Epistolæ ad Familiares, Venetiis, Johannes de Spira, 1409; +Sancti Hieronymi Epistolæ, printed on vellum, Moguntiæ, +1470; a magnificent volume; Pentateuchus Hebraicus et Chaldaicus, +printed on vellum, a beautiful copy, Sabionnettæ, 1557; many +beautiful Horae, printed on vellum; Enchiridion Ecclesiæ +Sarum, printed on vellum, extremely rare and interesting, Paris. T. +Kerver, 1528; La Collection des Ouvrages, imprimées par +Ordre de M. Le Compte d'Artois, 64 vols., printed on vellum, Paris +Didot. To be viewed three days prior, and catalogues had at the +place of sale.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Preparing for immediate Publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo.</p> +<p>THE FOLK-LORE of ENGLAND. By William J. Thoms, F.S.A., Secretary +of the Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and +Legends of all Nations." &c. One object of the present work is +to furnish new contributions to the History of our National +Folk-Lore; and especially some of the more striking Illustrations +of the subject to be found in the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other +Continental Antiquaries.</p> +<p>Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable +Customs and Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms &c. are +earnestly solicited, and will be thankfully acknowledged by the +Editor. They may be addressed to the care of Mr. Bell, Office of +"Notes and Queries," 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>TOPOGRAPHY, COUNTY AND FAMILY HISTORY, ETC.—John Gray +Bell, Bookseller, Dealer in Topographical Prints, Portraits, +Autographs, and Literary Curiosities, 10. and 11. Bedford Street, +Covent Garden, London, invites Collectors to examine his Assortment +of PRINTS on the above interesting subjects. Having gathered them +with the greatest care and research, at a vast expenditure of Time +and Capital, he flatters himself that his Collection is the most +extensive and best selected extant, and will be found well worthy +of attention.</p> +<p>John Gray Bell's Catalogues are published monthly, and +forwarded, free, by post. Parties desirous of possessing the recent +numbers can have them sent by enclosing their address.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Royal 32mo., cloth, 2<i>s.</i>; morocco (Hayday), 7<i>s.</i></p> +<p>SELDEN'S TABLE TALK.</p> +<p>Royal 32mo., price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth, 7<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i> morocco (Hayday).</p> +<p>THE TEMPLE, SACRED POEMS, and PRIVATE EJACULATIONS. BY George +Herbert.</p> +<p>Also, by the same Author,</p> +<p>Price 2<i>s.</i> cloth, 7<i>s.</i> morocco (Hayday),</p> +<p>A PRIEST TO THE TEMPLE; or, THE COUNTRY PARSON: his character, +and Rule of Holy Life, &c.</p> +<p>London: George Bell, Fleet Street. Leicester: J.S. Crossley.</p> +<hr /> +<p>THE PHILOLOGICAL MUSEUM. Edited by Hare and Thirlwall. 2 thick +vols. 8vo. cloth, 14<i>s.</i> E. STIBBS, having purchased the +remaining copies of this esteemed Work, now offers it at the above +reduced price, and respectfully suggests the necessity of early +application, as it is entirely out of print, and but few copies +remain for sale.</p> +<p>331. Strand, opposite Somerset House.</p> +<hr /> +<p>REV. JOSEPH HUNTER, F.S.A. Public Portrait. The Friends and +Admirers of the learned and respected Historian of "Hallamshire" +and the "Deanery of Doncaster" having resolved to place a +full-length Portrait of him in the Cutlers' Hall, Sheffield, his +native town (vide "Gentleman's Magazine," Feb. 1850), the Committee +beg respectfully to announce that Subscriptions of One Guinea, in +furtherance of their object, will be received by Thomas Berks, +Esq., Mayor, Treasurer; and Mr. Henry Jackson, Secretary of the +Committee, Sheffield.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Just published, and may be had postage free, on a remittance of +two stamps.</p> +<p>A CATALOGUE OF ENGLISH and FOREIGN BOOKS, in all Classes of +Literature. Selected from the STOCK of NATTALI and BOND (successors +to the late M.A. Nattali), 23. Bedford Street, Covent Garden.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Now ready.</p> +<p>STIBB'S CATALOGUE OF MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS, Part III., containing +a very extensive collection of Books relating to America, also a +few choice and rare old books beautifully bound in morocco; it may +be had gratis, and post free, on application. Also, nearly ready, +STIBB'S GENERAL CATALOGUE, which will be forwarded gratis on +receipt of Eight stamps for the Postage.</p> +<p>331. Strand, opposite Somerset House,</p> +<hr /> +<p>Just published, price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 12mo. cloth, +7<i>s.</i> calf or morocco.</p> +<p>THE ENGLISH GENTLEMAN: his Principles, his Feelings, his +Manners, his Pursuits.</p> +<p>"We like him so well as to wish heartily we might meet many +such."—<i>Theologian.</i></p> +<p>"The object of the first of the four essays is to form the +principles of a gentleman on a Christian standard. In the other +three subjects, of feelings, manners, and pursuits, the views, +though strict, are of a more worldly +kind."—<i>Spectator.</i></p> +<p>George Bell, 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>8vo. cloth. 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>ORIGINAL LETTERS OF JOHN LOCKE, ALGERNON SIDNEY, AND LORD +SHAFTESBURY. With an Analytical Sketch of the Writings and Opinions +of Locke and other Metaphysicains. By T. Forster, M.B. F.L.S., +M.A.S., Corresponding Member of the Acad. of Natural Science at +Philadelphia, &c.</p> +<p>London: George Bell, Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>In 8vo. price 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth.</p> +<p>HISTORY OF THE PARISH AND TOWN OF BAMPTON, with the District and +Hamlets belonging to it. By the Rev. J.A. Giles, D.C.L., late +Fellow of Christ's Ch. Coll. Oxford, Author of "History of the +Ancient Britons," &c.</p> +<p>London: George Bell, Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8 New Street Square, at No. +5 New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of +London; and published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in +the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, +Publisher, at No. 186 Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, March +2. 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 18. Saturday, +March 2, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 18. *** + +***** This file should be named 13544-h.htm or 13544-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/5/4/13544/ + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 18. Saturday, March 2, 1850 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September 27, 2004 [EBook #13544] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 18. *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 18.] SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {273} + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- + +Unpublished Letter of Horace Walpole, by S. Hall. 273 +Lady Arabella Stuard, by R. Cole. 274 +The Name Martel, by W. Robson. 275 + +QUERIES:-- +Query as to Junius, by J. Sudlow, Esq. 275 +New Edition of Dr. Owen's Works. 276 +Minor Queries:--MS. Book of Hours--Bess of Hardwick--Caesar's + Wife--Minar's Books of Antiquities--Proverb + against Physicians--Compendyous Olde + Treatyse--Topography of Foreign Printing Presses--Cromwell's + Estates--Depinges. 276 + +REPLIES:-- +Origin of Jew's-harp, by E.F. Rimbault, LL.D. 277 +AElfric's Colloquy, by S.W. Singer. 278 +Reheting and Rehetours. 278 +Arabic Numerals. 279 +Fraternity of Christian Doctrine, Chaucer's Night + Charm, by Rev. D. Rock. 281 +Replies to Minor Queries:--By Hook or by Crook, Pokership, + &c.--Golden Frog--Madoc--Twysden + MSS.--Royal Genealogies--Astle's MSS.--Dr. Hugh + Todd's MSS.--Sir W. Ryder--Scole Inn--Killegrew + Family--Pavoise of the Black Prince--Welsh + Ambassador--Phoenix. by Lactantius--Catsup--Buckingham + Motto--Devices of Anglo-Saxons--Purteninae--Pandoxare, &c. 281 + +MISCELLANIES:-- +Use of Monosyllables--To endeavour oneself--Evelyn's + Sculptura--William Baxter--Derivation of "Avon"--Warton + and Heinsius, &c. 285 + +NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, &c. +Books and Odd Volumes wanted. 287 +Notices to Correspondents. 287 +Advertisements. 288 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES + +UNPUBLISHED LETTER OF HORACE WALPOLE + +I have the pleasure of inclosing to you (I believe) an unpublished +letter of Horace Walpole's. It was found among the papers of the late +William Parsons, one of the Della Cruscan poets. That it is genuine I +have no doubt. The handwriting is precisely similar to a note sent with +a copy of the _Mysterious Mother_ to Mr. Parsons, in which Horace +Walpole writes, "he is unwilling to part with a copy without protesting +against his own want of judgment in selecting so disgusting a subject; +the absurdity of which he believes makes many faults of which he is +sensible in the execution overlooked." It is also guaranteed by its +date,--"Paris, July 28. 1771." By reference to his correspondence with +Sir H. Mann (vol. ii. p. 163.), we find a letter dated July 6, 1771, in +which he writes, "I am not gone; I do go to-morrow;" and in his _General +Correspondence_, vol. v. p. 303., writing to John Chute, his letter is +dated from Amiens, July 9. 1771, beginning, "I am got no farther yet;" +and he returned to Arlington Street, September 6. 1771, having arrived +at Paris on the 10th of July, and quitted it on the 2nd of September. I +notice the dates, as they indicate the rate of travelling in some degree +at that period. The Query is, to whom was it addressed? There is nothing +on the original to indicate the person. The letter is of no great +importance, except as it shows that Walpole, under certain conditions of +being, was more earnest and sincere than perhaps was in his nature, or +was generally his wont. + +SPENCER HALL. + +Athenaeum, Feb. 25. 1850. + +"Paris, July 28. 1771. + +"Dear S'r. + +"I have received no letter from my brother, and consequently have no +answer to make to him. I shall only say that after entering into a +solemn engagement with me, that we should dispose of the places +alternately, I can scarce think him serious, when he tells you he has +made an _entirely_ new arrangement for ALL the places, expects I shoud +concur in it; and after that, is so good as to promise he will dispose +of no more without consulting me. If He is so absolutely master of all, +my concurrence is not necessary, _and I will give none_. If he chuses to +dispose of the places without me, That matter with others _more +important_, must be regulated in another manner,--and it is time they +shoud, when no agreement is kept with me, and I find objections made +which, upon the fullest discussion and after allowance of the force of +my arguments and right, had been given up twenty years ago. + +"With regard to your letter, S'r, some parts of it are, I protest, +totally unintelligible to me. Others, which I think I do understand, +require a much fuller answer than I have time to give now, as the post +goes out to-morrow morning. That answer will contain matter not at all +fit for the Post, and which I am sure you woud not wish shoud be handled +there; for which reason I shall defer it, till I can give my answer at +length into your own hands. It will, I believe, surprize both you and my +brother; and show how unkindly I have been {274} treated after doing +everything to accommodate both. As to the conditions which you say, S'r, +you intend to exact from my brother, you will undoubtedly state them to +him himself; and cannot expect I should meddle with them or be party to +them. Neither you nor he can imagine that I am quite so tame an idiot as +to enter into bonds for persons of _his_ recommendation. If the office +is _his_, he must be answerable for it, and for all the persons he +employs in it. I protest against every thing that is not my own act--a +consequence he perhaps did not foresee, when he chose, contrary to his +agreement with me, to engross the whole disposition. I have always known +clearly what is my own right and on what founded; and have acted +strictly according to my right, and am ready to justify every step of my +conduct. I have sufficiently shown my disposition to peace, and appeal +to you yourself, S'r, and to my brother, whether either can charge me +with the least encroachment beyond my right; and whether I have not +acquiesced in every single step that either has desired of me. Your +letter, S'r, and that you quote of my brother, have shown how necessary +it is for me to take the measure I am determined to take. I would have +done any thing to oblige either you or my brother, but I am not to be +threatened out of my right in any shape. I know when it is proper to +yield and when to take my stand. I refused to accept the place for my +own life when it was offered to me: when I declined _that_, it is not +probable that I would hold the place to the wrong of anybody else; it +will and _must_ be seen who claims any part or prerogatives of the place +unjustly; my honour demands to have this ascertained, and I will add, +that when I scorned a favour, I am not likely to be intimidated by a +menace. + +"I say all this coolly and deliberately, and my actions will be +conformable. I do not forget my obligations to you, dear S'r, or to your +dead brother, whose memory will ever be most dear to me. Unkind +expressions shall not alter the affection I have for you and your +family, nor am I so unreasonable, so unjust, or so absurd as not to +approve your doing every thing you think right for your own interest and +security and for those of your family. What I have to say hereafter will +prove that these not only are but _ever have been_ my sentiments. I +shall then appeal to your own truth whether it is just in you to have +used some expressions in your letter, but as I mean to act with the +utmost circumspection and without a grain of resentment to _anybody_, I +shall say no more till I have had full time to weigh every word I shall +use, and every step I mean to take. In the meantime I am, + +"Dear S'r, + +"Yr obliged humble serv't, + +"HOR. WALPOLE. + +"P.S. My refusal of the patent for my life has shown what value I set +upon it; but _I will_ have justice, especially for my character, which +no consideration upon earth shall prevent my seeking. It must and shall +be known whether I enjoy the place to the wrong of any man living. You +have my free consent, S'r, to show this letter to whom you please; I +have nothing to conceal, and am ready to submit my conduct to the whole +world." + + * * * * * + +LADY ARABELLA STUART. + +As a pendant to Mr. P. Cunningham's "New Facts about Lady Arabella +Stuart" (No. 1. p. 10.). I send you a copy of Bishop James' Account and +Quietus in respect of 300l., placed in his hands "for the expences of +dyett and other chardges of the Ladye Arabella Seymour comytted to his +safe kepinge." The original document is in my possession. + +ROBT. COLE. +Feb. 11, 1850. + + "_The Accompte of the Lorde Byshopp of Durham for cccli, + receaved for the chardge of the Ladye Arbella Seymour._ + + "The Declaration of the Accompte of the Reverende Father in God + Will'm James Lorde Bysshoppe of Duresme for the some of Three + hundreth poundes imprested to him out of the Receipte of the + Kinges ma^ts Exchequer at Westmynster for the expences of dyett + and other chardges of the Ladye Arbella Seymour comytted to his + safe kepinge w^th an inteneon to have caryed into the + Bysshoprycke of Duresme there to have remayned under his chardge + duringe the Kynges ma^ts pleasure, viz^t betweene the xiiij^th + of Marche 1610 in the viij^th year of his highnes raigne and the + last daye of the same moneth as followeth. + + "_Readye money receaved, viz. of_ + + "The Threasorer and vnder threr. of Th'exchequer in Mychas terme + in the viijth yeare of the Kinges ma'ts raigne by t'handes of + Thomas Wattson Esquire one of the Tell'rs for the chardges of + himselfe and his servaunts in his yorney w'th the saide Ladye + Arbella Seymour by pvie Seale dated the xiij of March 1610 and + Lves of the Lordes of the Councell ..._cccli_. whereof + + "_Expences of dyett and other chardges of the Ladye Arabella + Seymour & others attendinge upon her, viz_. + + "_Expences of dyett_ + + "At Highgate for sixe dayes begonne the xvth daye of Marche 1610 + and ended the xxjst of the same moneth on w'ch daye her + Ladyshippe remoued to Barnett. xviij_li._ vs. lijd. + + "At Barnett for xj^en dayes begonne the xxjst of Marche 1610 at + Supper and ended the firste of Aprill 1611 at breakefaste beinge + that daye remoued to Eastbarnett. lxxj_li._ vs. viijd. + + "_Chardges of y^e Stable, viz_. + + "Chardges of the Stable for the xvij dayes aboue-menconed, viz. + at Highgate for vj dayes ix_li._ xvijs. xd. and at Barnett for + xj dayes with vs. for dressinge one of the lytter horses + xxviij_li._ xijs. xjd., in all the some of xxxviij_li._ xs. ixd. + {275} + + "_Lodginge and other necessaries, viz._ + + "Lodginge of some of the retinewe of the Lady Arbella and the + sayde Lorde Bysshoppe, viz. Highgate xxs. and at Barnett viijs., + in all xxviijs. + + "Fyer lightes and other nessces with the lodginge of the saide + Lorde Bysshoppe and some of his servauntes at Highgate and + Barnett during the xvij dayes aforesaide. xj_li._ xjs. + + "Rydinge and postinge chardges, viz. for posthorses from Lambeth + to Highgate xxxiiijs. iiijd. and from thence to Barnett + xxxiiijs. ixd. Mr. Beeston and others for there chardges three + several tymes to Barnett from London and from Highgate xljs. + iiijd. the servauntes of the Lorde Bysshoppe of Durham sent at + several tymes in the Lordes of the Councell and for other + busynesses concerning this servyce xlvs. vjd. and to Sr. James + Crofes Knight for the chardges of himselfe his men and horses + from Monday to Wednesday night attendinge at London for this + service xlijs. vijd., in all ix_li._ xviijs. vjd. + + "Rewardes to sondrye psons, viz. to messengers sent from the + Courte duringe the stay of the Lorde Bysshoppe at Highgate and + Barnett xxxixs. vjd. Dyverse psons whoe tooke paynes at those + twoe places vij_li._ xijs., vjd., given in the Yune for glasses + broken and in rewardes to the meaner servauntes at Barnett + xxxs., given to such an attended about the posthorses vijs. vjd. + and in rewarde to one of the Tellors Clerkes whoe told and + delivered the ccc_li._ and came to Durham House for the + acquittance xxs., in all xij_li._, ixs. vjd. + + "Money payde by the saide Lorde Bysshoppe pte of the ccc_li._ by + him receaved to Nicholas Paye gen. whoe hath for the same yelded + his accompte to the Kinges ma'tie. c_li._.--cclxiij_li._ viijs. + viijd. + + "Aud soe remayneth the some of xxxvj_li._ xjs. iiijd. + + "Whiche some the saide Lorde Bysshoppe of Durham hath payde into + the Kinges m'ts receipte of Th'excheq'r the vij'th daye of + Februarie in the nynth yere of his highnes raigne as by the + tallie thereof remayninge may appeare. And soe here Quyte. + + "EX p FRA GOFTON + + "Auditorem." + + * * * * * + +THE NAME MARTEL. + +I must confess that the article in No. 6. p. 86., which deprived Charles +Martel of his long-possessed distinction of "the hammerer" gave me but +little satisfaction. It was one of those old associations that one does +not like to have destroyed. I could not, however, contradict your +correspondents; and remained that very uncomfortable person, "a man +convinced against his will." On turning over my Menagiana, yesterday, I +stumbled upon the name "Martel," and, as the passage combines both your +elements (being a good note, and producing a query) I beg leave to offer +it to you. + + "Dans le ll'me siecle les proces se faisaient aux vassaux par + leurs Pairs, c'est-a-dire, par leurs convassaux, et toute sorte + de proces se font encore presentement en Angleterre a toutes + sortes d'accuses par leurs Pairs, c'est-a-dire, par des + personnes de leur meme etat et de leur meme condition, a la + reserve des Bourreaux et des Bouchers, qui, a cause de leur + cruaute ne sont point juges. _Geoffroi Martel_, Comte d'Anjou, + fit faire ainsi le proces a Guerin de Craon, qu'il avait fait + foi et hommage de la Baronnie de Craon a Conan, duc de Bretange. + Geoffroi fit assembler ses Barons, qui, selon l'ancienne forme + observee en matiere feodale, firent le proces a Guerin, son + vassal, et le condamnerent, quoiqu'il fut absent.--Et il est a + remarquer a ce propos, que le Pape Innocent III., qui + favourisait Jean _sans-Terre_, parcequ'en 1213 il avait soumis + son royaume d'Angleterre au Saint Siege au devoir de mille marcs + d'argent par an, ayant allegue aus Ambassadeurs de Philippe + Auguste que Jean _sans-Terre_ avait ete condamme absent, et que + les loix defendent de condamner les accuses sans les ouir; ils + lui respondirent que l'usage du Royaume de France etait de + condamner les absents, aussi bien que les presents, lorqu'ils + avaient ete deuement cites en jugement. Chez les Romains il + n'etait par permis de condamner les absents: _Non licet civem + inauditum damnare._" + +Now, Sir, this passage shows "_Martel_," as a name, like that of +"sans-Terre," bestowed for some quality or circumstances attached to the +bearer;--and I should like to ask your correspondents if they know how +this Comte d'Anjou, became entitled to it? He appears, from the date, to +be the same Geoffrey who is the ancestor of our Plantagenets, as the +Comte d'Anjou, contemporary with William the Conqueror, was named Fulk. +If it can be proved that this Count received this addition from his +martial prowess, I shall be strongly tempted to return to my creed +regarding Charles Martel. + +W. ROBSON. + + * * * * * + +QUERIES AS TO JUNIUS. + +Amongst the letters attributed to Junius, and, in the opinion of Dr. +Good, most certainly his production, is one signed "ATTICUS," under date +of the 19th Aug. 1768, which contains an allusion to the private affairs +of the writer, by no means unimportant. It is as follows:-- + + "The greatest part of my property having been invested in the + funds, I could not help paying some attention to rumours or + events by which my fortune might be affected: yet I never lay in + wait to take advantage of a sudden fluctuation, much less would + I make myself a bubble to bulls and bears, or a dupe to the + pernicious arts practised in the Alley. I thought a prudent man, + who had any thing to lose, and really meant to do the best for + himself and his family, ought to consider the state of things at + large, of the prospect before him, and the probability of public + events. _A letter which appeared some days ago in the Public + Advertizer_ revived many serious reflections of this sort in my + mind, because it seemed to be written with candour and judgment. + _The effect of those reflections was, that I did not hesitate to + alter the situation of my property._ + + "I owe my thanks to that writer that I am safely {276} _landed_ + from a troubled ocean of fear and anxiety on which I think I + will venture my fortune and my happiness again," &c. &c. + +There is no reason to question the truth of these sentiments. The letter +is believed to be the first which appeared signed "ATTICUS," and was +written many months before the author became known as Junius, and before +any necessity had arisen for the exercise of that habitual caution which +he afterwards evinced in the mention of any circumstance at all likely +to lead to his detection. Would it not, therefore, be worth while to +ascertain the date of the letter in the _Public Advertizer_ which +influenced him, and then to search the names of the transferrors of +stock between that time and the 19th August? Many of the contributors to +the "Notes and Queries" have influence sufficient to obtain permission +from the proper authority for such a search. It is observable, that as +the amount _transferred_ formed the _greatest part_ of his property, it +would be somewhat considerable, and might not be sold in the aggregate, +but pass in various sums to several purchasers. + +JNO. SUDLOW. +Manchester. + + +_Junius and Sir G. Jackson._--I find no one has answered my question +about Sir George Jackson (No. 11. p. 172.). I will therefore put +another. I possess an unpublished letter by Junius to Woodfall, which +once belonged to Sir George Jackson. My Query is, "Is it likely he could +have obtained it from Junius, if he was neither Junius himself nor a +party concerned?" The manner in which Burke evades the question as to +himself being the author of _Junius_ makes me think two or three were +concerned in these _Letters_. + +P. + + * * * * * + +NEW EDITION OF REV. DR. OWEN'S WORKS. + +I gladly avail myself of the hint thrown out by "R.R." (in No. 17.) to +state that as I am engaged in editing a reprint of the works of the Rev. +Dr. Owen, and as I am exceedingly anxious to ensure accuracy in the +quotations from and references to the Fathers, any suggestions which may +be furnished by those of your learned correspondents who may be +conversant with the works in question, will be very acceptable. I should +wish much to obtain _original editions_ of the leading works, such as +that _On the Person of Christ_; _On the Work of the Spirit_; _On the +Death of Death, in the Death of Christ_. Have any of your correspondents +ever taken the trouble of collating the Greek and Latin quotations with +the authors quoted from, and examined the references made to the Fathers +and other ancient writers? Any communication addressed to the editor of +the works of Owen at Messrs. Johnstone and Hunter, Publishers, +Edinburgh, will be promptly forwarded to me. + +J.G. +Dunnichen, Forfarshire. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_MS. Book of Hours._--In the sale catalogue of the library of John +Bridges, of Lincoln's Inn, February, 1725, is entered Lot 4311:-- + + "Missale quondam Henrici VII., regis Angliae, ut ex ipsius + autographo in codicis initio patet, pulcherrime illuminatum, et + inconibus fere 80 exornatum. In pergameno, et ornatissime + compact." + +It appears, from Wanley's _Diary_ (MS. Lansd. 772.), that this volume, +which he calls a _Primer_, was purchased for the Earl of Oxford (for +31l. 10s., as I learn from a priced copy of the catalogue), and was +highly valued. To judge from the above description, it must have been a +very beautiful book; and as it does not seem to be at present among the +Harleian collection of MSS. in the British Museum, I should be glad to +learn into whose hands it has fallen. It is _not_ the celebrated volume +of _Hours_ known under the name of the _Bedford Missal_, since that was +purchased by Lord Harley of Lady Worseley, and is now in the possession +of the Rev. Mr. Tobin;--nor is it the book of _Hours_ in the library of +the Duke of Devonshire (described by Dr. Dibbin in the _Bibl. +Decameron_, vol. i. p. 155.), which contains the autograph notes of +Henry VII.;--nor is it the similar volume formerly in the libraries of +George Wilkinson, of Tottenham Green (sold in 1836), and the Rev. Will. +Maskell, and now MS. Add. 17,012. in the British Museum, in which are +seen the autographs of Henry VII. and his Queen, Henry VIII., Catherine +of Aragon, and others;--nor is it the beautiful volume of _Hours_ +executed for Rene d'Anjou, and subsequently presented to Henry VII. by +his chaplain George Strangeways, Archdeacon of Coventry (now in the +British Museum, MS. Eg. 1070.);--nor, lastly, is it the book of _Hours_ +in the collection of George III. (No. 9.), which contains the autograph +writing of Henry VIII. + +F.M. +B.M., Feb. 19. 1850. + + +_Bess of Hardwick._--Elizabeth, or Bess of Hardwick, celebrated for her +distaste for celibacy, makes a considerable figure in the histories of +the Cavendish family, who in some degree owed their greatness to her +judicious purchases and careful management of their Derbyshire estates. + +It appears, from the _Derbyshire Visitations_, that she was one of the +daughters of John Hardwick, of Hardwick co. Derby, by his wife +Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Leake, of Hasland co. Derby, and that John +Hardwick died 19 Hen. VIII. + +Can any of your readers inform me of the pedigree of this John +Hardwick?--what arms, crest, motto and quarterings he made use of?--what +persons now living are descended from him?--and what became of his +estates? + +I presume that your typographical arrangements {277} do not admit of the +insertion of a regular pedigree; but the descents may be stated as in +Burke and similar Books. + +GULES + + +_Caesar's Wife._.--"NASO" wishes to know where the proverbial saying, +"Caesar's wife must not even be suspected," first occurs. + +_Minar's Books of Antiquities._--Can any one conversant with the works +of Cardinal Nicolas de Cusa inform me what author he quotes as "Minar in +his Books of Antiquities," in what language, and where existing? _De +Docta Ignorantia_, I. i. cap. 7. + +A.N. + + +_Proverb against Physicians._--"M.D." wishes to be informed of the +earliest writer who mentions the proverb "Ubi tres Medici, duo Athei." + + +_Compendyous Olde Treatyse._--In Ames's _Typographical Antiquities_, +vol. i. p. 405. (ed. Herbert), is described a work, printed by Rycharde +Banckes, some time between 1525 and 1545, entitled, "A compendyous olde +treatyse shewynge howe that we ought to have the Scripture in Englyshe, +with the Auctours." 12mo. 18 leaves. This copy belonged to Herbert +himself, and was probably obtained at the sale of Thomas Granger, in +1732. Any information as to its wherabout at present, or the existence +of any other copy of the above tract, would confer a fabour on the +inquirer. + +F.M. + + +_The Topography of Foreign Printing Presses._--I have often been at a +loss to discover the locality of names which designate the places where +books have been printed at Foreign presses; and "when found" to "make a +note of it." I was therefore pleased to find in No. 16. p. 251., by the +reply of "R.G." to Mr. Jebb, that "_Cosmopolis_ was certainly +Amsterdam," and that "Coloniae" signifies "Amstelaedami." And I will take +the liberty of suggesting that it would be an acceptable service +rendered to young students, if your learned correspondents would +occasionally communicate in the pages of your work, the modern names, +&c. of such places as are not easily gathered from the books themselves. + +P.H.F. + + +_Cromwell's Estates._--In Carlyle's edition of _Cromwell's Letters and +Speeches_, there is a note (p. 75. vol. iv. of the 3rd ed. 1850) +containing a list of the estates which the Protector owned at the time +of his death, as follows; there being, besides Newhall, specified as "in +Essex," five, viz.-- + +"Dalby, +Broughton, +Burleigh, +Oakham, and +Egleton." + +of which the editor has ascertained the localities; and six, viz.-- + + L s. d +"Gower, valued at 479 0 0 per an. +Chepstall valued at 549 7 3 +Magore valued at 448 0 0 +Sydenham valued at 3121 9 6 +Woolaston valued at 664 16 6 +Chaulton valued at 500 0 0," + +of which, he say, "he knows nothing." + +It would surely be a proper, and, one might hope, an attainable object +of inquiry, to search out these unplaced estates of the great Protector, +and give them a local habitation in modern knowledge. This is precisely +one of the kind of queries which your publication seems best fitted to +aid; and I therefore submit it, in the hope of some discoveries, to your +correspondents. + +V. +Belgravia, Feb. 18, 1850. + + +_What are Depinges?_--In the orders made in 1574 for regulating the +fishery at Yarmouth, the Dutch settlers there are "To provide themselves +with twine and _depinges_ in foreign places." What are Depinges? + +J.S.B. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES + +ORIGIN OF THE JEWS-HARP. + +The "Jews-harp," or "Jews-trump," is said by several authors to derive +its name from the nation of the Jews, and is vulgarly believed to be one +of their instruments of music. Dr. Littleton renders Jews-trump by +_Sistrum Judaicum_. But no such musical intrument is spoken of by any of +the old authors that treat of the Jewish music. In fact, the Jews-harp +is a mere boy's plaything, and incapable of in itself of being joined +either with a voice or any other instrument; and its present orthography +is nothing more than a corruption of the French _Jeu-trompe_, literally, +a toy trumpet. It is called _jeu-trompe_ by Bacon, _Jew-trump_ by +Beaumont and Fletcher, and _Jews-harp_ by Hackluyt. In a rare +black-letter volume, entitled _Newes from Scotland_, 1591, there is a +curious story of one Geilles Duncan, a noted performer on the +"Jews-harp," whose performance seems not only to have met with the +approval of a numerous audience of witches, but to have been repeated in +the presence of royalty, and by command of no less a personage than the +"Scottish Solomon," king James VI. Agnes Sampson being brought before +the king's majesty and his council, confessed that + + "Upon the night of All-hallow-even last, shee was accompanied as + well with the persons aforesaid, as also with a great many other + witches, to the number of two-hundredth; and that all they + together went to sea, each one in a riddle or sive, and went + into the same very substantially, with flaggons of wine, making + merrie, and drinking by the way, in the same riddle or sives, to + the Kirk of North Barrick in Lowthian; and that after {278} they + had landed, tooke handes on the lande and daunced this reill or + short daunce, singing all with one voice, + + "'Commer goe ye before, commer goe ye: + Gif ye will not goe before, commer let me.' + + "At which time, she confessed that this Geilles Duncan (a + servant girl) did goe before them, playing this reill or daunce + uppon a small _trumpe_ called a _Jews-trumpe_, until they entred + into the Kirk of North Barrick. These confessions made the King + in a wonderfull admiration, and sent for the said Geilles + Duncan, who upon the like _trumpe_ did play the saide daunce + before the Kinge's Majestie; who in respect of the strangenes of + these matters tooke great delight to be present at their + examinations." + +It may be as well to mention that in the Belgic or Low Dutch, from +whence come many of our toys, a _tromp_ is a rattle for children. +Another etymon for _Jews-harp_ is _Jaws-harp_, because the place where +it is played upon is between the jaws. To those who wish to learn more +upon the subject, I beg to refer them to Pegge's _Anonymiana_; Dauncy's +_Ancient Scottish Melodies_; and to my edition of Chettle's _Kind-Harts +Dream_ printed by the Percy Society. + +Edward F. Rimbault. + + [We are indebted also to Trebor, E.W.D., J.F.M., and F.P. for + replies to this Query. They will perceive that Dr. Rimbault had + anticipated the substance of their several communications.] + + * * * * * + +AELFRIC'S COLLOQUY. + +I must trouble you and some of your readers with a few words, in reply +to the doubt of "C.W.G." (No. 16. p. 248.) respecting the word _sprote_. +I do not think the point, and the Capital letter to _saliu_ in the Latin +text, conclusive, as nothing of the kind occurs in the A.-S. version, +where the reading is clearly, "_swa hwylce swa_, on watere swymmath +sprote." I have seen the Cottonian MS., which, as Mr. Hampson observes, +is very distinctly written, both in the Saxon and Latin portions; so +much so in the latter, as to make it a matter of surprise that the +doubtful word _saliu_ should ever have been taken for _salu_, or +_casidilia_ for _calidilia_. The omission of the words _sprote_ and +_saliu_, in the St. John's MS., would only be evidence of a more +cautious scribe, who would not copy what he did not understand. + +Your correspondent's notion, "that the name of some fish, having been +first interlined, was afterwards inserted at random in the text, and +mis-spelt by a transcriber who did know its meaning," appears to me very +improbable; and the very form of the words (_sprote_, _saliu_, supposing +them substantives), which have not plural terminations, would, in my +mind, render his supposition untenable. For, be it recollected, that +throughout the answers of the Fiscere, the fish are always named in the +_plural_; and it is not to be supposed that there would be an exception +in favour of _sprote_, whether intended for _sprat_ or _salmon_. Indeed, +had the former been a river fish, Hulvet and Palsgrave would have +countenanced the supposition; but then we must have had it in the plural +form, _sprottas_. As for the suggestion of _sprod_ and _salar_, I cannot +think it a happy one; salmon (_leaxus_) had been already mentioned; and +_sprods_ will be found to be a very confined local name for what, in +other places, are called _scurfes_ or _scurves_, and which we, in our +ignorance, designate as salmon trout. In the very scanty A.-S. +ichthyologic nomenclature we possess, there is nothing to lead us to +imagine that our Anglo-Saxon ancestors had any corresponding word for a +salmon trout. I must be excused, therefore, for still clinging to my own +explanation of _sprote_, until something more _specious_ and _ingenious_ +shall be advanced, but in full confidence, at the same time, that some +future discovery will elucidate its truth. + +S.W. Singer. + +Feb. 19. 1850. + + * * * * * + +REHETING AND REHETOURS. + +As Dr. Todd's query (no. 10. p. 155.) respecting the meaning of the +words "Reheting" and "Rehetour," used by our early English writers, has +not hitherto been answered, I beg to send him a conjectural explanation, +which, if not conclusive, is certainly probable. + +In the royal household of France, there was formerly an officer whose +duty it was to superintend the roasting of the King's meat; he was +called the _Hateur_, apparently in the sense of his "hastening" or +"expediting" that all-important operation. The Fr. _Hater_, "to hasten +or urge forward," would produce the noun-substantive _Hateur_; and also +the similar word _Hatier_, the French name for the roast-jack. If we +consider _Rehateur_ to be the reduplicate of _Hateur_, we have only to +make an allowable permutation of vowels, and the result will be the +expressive old English word "Rehetour," an appropriate name for the +royal turnspit. Wycliffe uses it, I think, in the sense of a superfluous +servant, one whose duties, like the Hateur's, were very light indeed. He +compares the founding of new Orders in an overburthened +Church-establishment to the making of new offices in a household already +crowded with useless (and consequently idle and vicious) servants. The +multitude of fat friars and burly monks charged upon the community were +"the newe rehetours that ete mennes mete," &c. + +The term, thus implying an useless "do-nothing," would soon become one +of the myriad of choice epithets in the vulgar vocabulary, as in the +instances from Dunbar and Kennedy. + +In a better sense, a verb would be derived, easily; "to rehate," or +"rehete," i.e. "to provide, {279} entertain, or refresh with meat," and +thence, "to feast with words," as used by Chaucer and the old +Romancists. + +Mr. Halliwell's authorities for rendering the participle "Rehating" by +"Burning, or smarting," are not given; but if such a meaning existed, it +may have a ready explanation by reference to the Hauteur's fireside +labour, though suggestive of unskilfulness or carelessness on his part. + +John Westby Gibson. + +5. Queen Square, Aldersgate Street, Feb. 8. 1850. + + +In answer to Dr. Todd's inquiries, I would say, first of all, the +"rehatours" of Douglas and the other Scots are beside his question, and +a totally different word. Feelings cherished in the mind will recur from +time to time; and those malevolent persons, who thus retain them, were +said to _re-hate_, as they are now said to re-sent. + +But the verb really in question is, _per se_, a perfectly plain one, to +re-heat. The difficulty is as to its use. The primary use, of course, is +to _heat again_. The nearest secondary use is "to cherish, cheer, or +comfort, to refocillate;" which is too plain to require more words. +Another secondary meaning is "to re-vive or to re-kindle" in its +metaphoric sense. This may be said well, as of life, health, or hope; or +ill, as of war, hatred, grief; or indifferently, as of love. What +difficulty Mr. Tyrwhitt could find in "the revival of Troilus's bitter +grief" being called "the reheating of his sore sighs," I cannot imagine. +Even literal heat is not wanting to sighs, and is often ascribed to them +by poets: and lovers' sighs are warm in every sense. I think Tyrwhitt +has thrown upon this passage the only darkness that involves it. + +Now comes the more difficult point, which alone concerns Dr. Todd in his +highly interesting labours upon Wycliffe. And the method which, until +better advised, I should be inclined to follow with those passages, is +to take the word nearly, though not exactly, in what seems to have been +its most usual sense; not indeed for comforters or cherishers, but for +those who promote comfort and convenience, viz., ministers or servants. +It does not at all follow, because he is blaming the introduction of +these persons as expensive, superfluous, and otherwise evil, that he +describes them by a word expressive of evil. As a ministering angel +would be a reheting angel, so I take a rehetor here to be simply a +minister, one who waits upon your occasions and serves you. + +A.N. + + * * * * * + +ARABIC NUMERALS. + +The history of the Arabic numerals, as they are generally called, is so +mixed up with that of the use of the decimal scale, that they form, in +fact, but a single inquiry. The mere history of the bare forms of +symbols has, doubtless, its use: but then it is only in the character of +_materiel_ for a philosophical discussion of the question--a discussion +into which the natural progress of the human mind and the urgency of +social wants must enter largely. + +It might at first sight appear, from the cognate character of the Hebrew +and Arabic languages, that the idea of using a single symbol for each +number, might originate with either--with one as likely as with the +other. But on reflection it will readily appear that the question rather +resolves itself into one respecting the "hand-cursive" of the Jews and +Saracens, than into one respecting the constitution of the languages. Of +the Jewish we know nothing, or next to nothing, at the period in +question; whilst the Arabic is as well known as even our own present +style of calligraphy. It deserves to be more carefully inquired into +than has yet been done, whether the invention of contracting the written +compound symbols of the digital numbers into single symbols did not +really originate amongst the Jews rather than the Saracens; and even +whether the Arabs themselves did not obtain them from the "Jew +merchants" of the earlier ages of our era. One thing is tolerably +certain:--that the Jew merchant would, as a matter of precaution, keep +all his accounts in some secret notation, or in cipher. Whether this +should be a modified form of the Hebrew notation, or of the Latin, must +in a great degree depend upon the amount of literary acquirement common +amongst that people at the time. + +Assuming that the Jews, as a literate people, were upon a par with their +Christian contemporaries, and that their knowledge was mainly confined +to mere commercial notation, an anonymous writer has shown how the +modifications of form could be naturally made, in vol. ii. of the _Bath +and Bristol Magazine_, pp. 393-412.; the motto being _valent quanti +valet_, as well as the title professing it to be wholly "conjectural." +Some of the speculations in it may, however, deserve further +considerations than they have yet received.[1] + +The contraction of the compound symbols for the first nine digits into +single "figures," enabled the computer to dispense with the manual +labour of the _abacus_, whilst in his graphic notation he retained its +essential principle of _place_. It seems to be almost invariably +forgotten by writers on {280} the subject, what, without _this +principle_, no improvement in mere notation would have been of material +use in arithmetic; and on the other hand that the main difference +between the arithmetic of the _abacus_ and the arithmetic of the +_slate_, consists in the inevitable consequences of the denotation of +the single digits by single symbols. + +The _abacus_, however, in its ordinary form, is essentially a decimal +instrument: but its form was also varied for commercial purposes, +perhaps in different ways. I never heard of the existence of one in any +collection: but there is preserved in the British Museum a picture of +one. This was printed by Mr. Halliwell in his _Rara Mathematica_--not a +fac-simile, but a rule and type representation of it, ciphers being used +by him for the circles in the original. Mr. Halliwell gives it without +note or remark; and evidently had not divined its meaning. This was +done, however, soon after in a review of Mr. Halliwell's book in the +_Philosophical Magazine_. I am not able at this moment to refer to +either, so as to give exact dates: but is was somewhere from 1838 to +1840. + +Perhaps, however, I am giving "E.V." information that may be irrelevant +to his purpose; though it may of some use to another class of inquirers. +I proceed, therefore, to one or two notices that seem to have a more +direct bearing on his object: + +1. Chasles' _Apercu Historique sur l'Origine et le Developpement de +Methodes en Geometrie_; passim, but especially in note xii.: 4to., +Bruxelles, 1837. + +2. Chasles' several notices in _Comptes Rendus des Seances de l'Acad. +des Sciences._ All subsequent to the "Apercu." + +His _Catalogue des Manuscrits de la Bibliotheque de Ville de Chartres_ +should also be consulted, if accessible to "E.V." Copies of it, however, +are very rare in the country, as it was privately printed and never +published. If, however, your correspondent have any serious inquiry in +view which should render his consultation of it desirable, I can put it +in his power to do so personally through you. + +3. Libri, several notices in the same series of papers. + +4. Libri, _Histoire des Sciences Mathematiques en Italie_. Several +places. Bactulica. Paris, 1838-1841. 4 tomes. 8vo. + +5. Peacock (Dean of Ely), "Arithmetic," in the _Encyclopaedia +Metropolitana_. This is now, I believe to be had either separately, or +in the volume devoted to pure "Mathematics." + +6. De Morgan, _Penny Cyclopaedia_ in loc., and occasionally elsewhere in +the work. + +7. Leslie's _Philosophy of Arithmetic_. + +8. Humboldt, in a paper which is translated in the _Journal of the Royal +Institution_, vol. xxix. + +I believe a good many other references might be made, with little +trouble, to foreign Memoires; and (perhaps still more to your +correspondent's apparent purpose) to some amongst the Memoires that +relate to inscriptions and topography, rather that amongst those +relating directly to science or literature. However, the two parts of +the subject cannot be effectively studied separately from each other; +and I am not without a hope that these straggling notes may be of some +use to "E.V." + +Under the view of inscriptions it occurs to my memory that in two or +three places on the church of St. Brelade in Jersey, there are marked +four vertical straight lines, which are interpreted by the natives to +signify the Arabic numerals 1111; as the date MCXI of the building of +the church. The church is evidently a very ancient one, and it is agreed +to be the oldest in the island, and the island historians assign it to +the early part of the 12th century. For these symbols being coeval with +the building I do not vouch: as (though it is difficult to say what may +constitute antiquity in the look of four parallel lines) I confess that +to my eye they had "as modern a look" as four such lines could well +have. The sudden illness of one of my party during our visit (1847), +however, precluded my examining that beautiful spot and its interesting +little church with the care I should have wished. + +I may be allowed to suggest the necessity of some degree of caution in +discussing this question: especially not to assume that any Arabic +numerals which appear in ecclesiastical inscriptions are coeval with the +dates they express; but rather inquire whether, from the condition of +the stone bearing the inscription, these numbers may not have been put +there at a later period, during repairs and alterations of the building +itself. It is for many reasons improbable, rather than otherwise, that +the Arabic numerals should have been freely used (if used at all) on +_ecclesiastical structures_ till long after the Reformation: indeed they +are not so even yet. + +But more. Even where there is authentic evidence of such symbols being +used in ecclesiastical inscriptions, the forms of them will tell +nothing. For generally in such cases an antique form of symbol would be +assumed, if it were the alteration of a "learned clerk;" or the +arabesque taste of the carver of the inscription would be displayed in +grotesque forms. We would rather look for genuine than coeval symbols of +this kind upon tombs and monuments, and the altar, than upon the +building itself; and these will furnish collateral proofs of the +genuineness of the entire inscriptions rather than any other class of +architectural remains. The evidence of the inscriptions on "Balks and +beams" in old manorial dwellings is especially to be suspected. + +T.S.D. + +Shooter's Hill, Feb 11, 1850. + + [Footnote 1: In vol. iii. of the same work is another paper by + the same author, entitled, "Conjectures respecting the Origin of + Alphabetic writing," pp. 365-384. Reference to these papers is + principally made, not on the ground of any assumed merit, but + because _all_ that has been written on any given subject ought, + if possible, to be brought before the minds of those engaged in + the prosecution of the inquiry.] + + +_Arabic Numerals._--If you think the following {281} title will do for +your correspondent "E.V." (No. 15. p. 230.), please to communicate it to +him: + + "Mannert, K., de Numerorum, quos arabicos voc., vera origine + pythagorico; e. Fig. aen. 8vo. Nuernberg, 1801." + +Oscar Heun. + +Cambridge, Feb. 11. 1850. + + +_Arabic Numerals_ (No. 15. p. 230.).--Your correspondent should consult +Peacock's "History of Arithmetic" in the _Encyclopaedia Metropolitana_; +and, if he can get them, the notes to Chasles' _Apercu Historique des +Methodes en Geometric_, and various papers of Mr. Chasles, published in +the _Comptes Rendus_ of the French Institute. He may perhaps find some +information in De Morgan's _Arithmetical Books_, particularly at p. 14. + +M. + + * * * * * + +THE FRATERNITY OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE--CHAUCER'S NIGHT CHARM. + +In a little work by Costanzi, entitled _Le Istituzioni di Pieta che si +esercitano in Roma_, &c., and published A.D. 1825, in Rome, where the +schools under the management of that brotherhood are in great favour, +"C.F.S." will find much to interest him on the subject, though not +exactly in the order in which he has put his queries (No. 14. p. 214.), +nor to their full extent. + +Mr. Thoms, to whom English mediaeval literature is so much beholden, asks +very earnestly for some information about "the white Paternoster" and +"seynte Petres soster," (No. 15. p. 229.). Perhaps the following guesses +may not be without use. First, then, about the "white Paternoster:" + +Henry Parker, a Carmelite friar of Doncaster, who wrote his admirable +_Compendiouse Treatyse, or Dialogue of Dives and Pauper_, during the +reign of Edward IV., speaking against superstitions, and especially +"craftes and conjurations with holy prayers," says: + + "They that use holy wordes of the gospel, Pater noster, Ave, or + Crede, or holy prayers in theyr wytchecraftes, for charmes or + conjurations--they make a full hye sacrifice to the fende. It + hath oft ben knowen, that wytches, with sayenge of their Pater + noster and droppynge of the holy candell in a man's steppes that + they hated, hath done his fete rotton of. Dr. What should the + Pater noster, and the holy candell do therto? Pau. Ryght nought. + But for the wytche worshyppeth the fende so highly with the holy + prayers, and with the holy candell, and used suche holy thinges + in despyte of God therefore is the fende redy to do the wytche's + wylle and to fulfyll thinges that they done it for. 'The Fyrst + Command,' cap. XXXV. Fol. 52. Imprynted by T. Berthelet, 1536. + 12mo." + +That the Pater noster used sometimes to be said with the wicked design +of working ill to individuals, and by those who were deemed witches, is +clear form the above extract: may not, then, this "wytche's" Pater +noster be the "white" Pater noster, against which the night-spell in +Chaucer was employed? "Wyche" may easily be imagined to have glided into +"white." + +"Seynte Petres soster," I suspect has a reference to St. Petronilla's +legend. St. Petronilla, among our forefathers, was called St. Pernell, +and _The Golden Lengend_ imprinted 1527, by Wynkyn de Word, tells us, +fol. cxxxi. b., that she "was doughter of saynt peter thappostle, whiche +was ryght fayre and bewteous, and by the wyll of her fader she was vexed +with fevers and akes." For a long while she lay bed-ridden. From the +name of this saint, who went through so many years of her life in +sickness, perhaps was borrowed the word "pernell," to mean a person in a +sickly weak state of health, in which sense, Sir Thomas More (_Works_, +London, 1557, p. 893) employs it, while bantering Tindal. St. Peter's +daughter (St. Pernell) came to be looked upon, in this country, as the +symbol of bad health under all its forms. Now, if we suppose that the +poet mistook, and wrote "soster" instead of "doughter," we immediately +understand the drift of the latter part of the spell, which was, not +only to drive away witchcraft, but guard all the folks in that house +from sickness of every kind. + +Daniel Rock. + +Buckland, Faringdon. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_By Hook or by Crook--Pokership--Gib Cat--Emerod._--I regret that very +pressing business has hitherto prevented me from supplying an omission +in my communication relating to the probable derivation of "By Hook or +by Crook;" namely, my authority for saying there was evidence of the +usage I referred to in forest customs. I now beg to supply that +omission, by referring to the numerous claims for fuel wood made by +divers persons at the justice seats held in the reigns of Charles I. and +Charles II. for the New Forest, and which will be found at the Tower and +Chapter House. Among others of these claims, I would mention that made +by the tenant of land in Barnford, No. 112., who claims to have had the +privilege, from _time immemorial_, of going into the king's wood to take +the _dead branches_ off the trees therein, "with a cart, a horse, a +_Hook and a Crook_, and a sail cloth." Verily this necessity for a sail +cloth seems to point very distinctly to his being obliged to collect his +fire-wood "by Hook or by Crook." May I add, that I do not think that any +of the notes I have seen hitherto, with reference to this subject, +invalidate the supposition of the origin being forestal; all that they +{282} appear to me to prove is, that the saying is of long standing. + +With reference to the query regarding the word Pokership (No. 12. p. +185.), I would observe, that the word is correctly copied from the +grant, and that it was so spelt in all the previous grants that I have +been able to refer to. As to the meaning of the word, I am of the +opinion that it is intended to express the office of keeping the hogs in +the forest, i.e. Porcarius. Pokership was probably spelt in early times +Pawkership, from Pawn, I apprehend; subsequently it was either spelt or +pronounced Paukership or Pokership. In corroboration of this view, I +would mention, that on referring to the Pipe Roll, 6 John, county of +_Hereford_, the following will be found:--"Hubert de Burgo, Et i libae +const. Parcario de heford, xxxs. vd." If, however, Parkership be deemed +the more correct reading, still it does not of necessity apply to the +custody of a park; it might have denoted the pound-keeper, for, in +matters relating to manors, _parcus_ means a pound. + +With respect to the query about Gib Cat, you will find the subject +treated on largely in the _Etymologicon_--I may say, exhausted. + +By the bye, there can be no doubt that Emerod means Emerald; formerly +Emerald would be spelt Emeraud, and the transition is natural to +Emerode--Emerod. With regard to the supposed size being an objection to +this reading, it will be found that anciently the _matrix_ of the +Emerald, which is _tinged_ green, went by the name of the more valuable +jewel. + +T.R.F. + +Spring Gardens, Feb. 1850. + + +_Golden Frog_ (No. 14. p. 214.).--Sir John Poley's frog may have been a +device alluding to his name; I imagine that Poley is an appelative of +frogs. I find in Halliwell's _Dict. of Archaic Words_, "_Polly_wig," and +in Jamieson's _Scottish Dictionary_, "_Pow_lick," both meaning +_tadpole_, and both _diminutive_ forms; and Rowley _Poley_ is closely +(though not very logically) connected with the _frog_ who would a-wooing +go. The word has probably the same root as _poole_, _puddle_, &c. + +R.R. + + +_Madoc._--In addition to what is stated (No. 4. p. 56.) on this subject, +may be noted, that in the MS. Add. 14,957. British Museum, fol. 149., is +a letter from Dr. David Samwell to the Gwyneddigion Society, dated 23rd +March, 1791, in which he states, that the result of an interview, held +by himself and William Owen with General Bowles, "places the existence +of a race of Welsh Indians beyond all matter of doubt." This race is +identified with _Padongas_ on the Missouri, who are said to be of a +different complexion from the other Indian races, and to have books, +which they were not able to read. Is this information to be depended on +or not? + +F.M. + + +_MSS. of Sir Roger Twysden_ (No. 5. p. 76.).--Twysden's MSS. were +purchased by Sir Thomas Sebright, in or before the year 1715, and in the +Sebright sale at Leigh and Sotheby's, in 1807, appear to be two of the +MSS. inquired after by the Rev. L.B. Larking, namely, Lot 1224., "Vita +et Epistolae Sancti Thomae, Archiepiscopi Cant." (purchased by Heber, and, +at his sale in 1836, resold [Lot 323.] to Sir Thomas Phillipps), and Lot +1225., "Epistolae Beati Anselmi, Archieposcopi Cant.", purchased by +Dardis; but what became of it afterwards I know not. + +F.M. + + +_Royal Genealogies_ (No. 6. p. 92.).--The inquirer will find, probably, +what he requires, in a work by J.F. Dambergen, entitled, "Sechzig +genaealogische auch chronologische und statistische Tabellen, zu +Fuerstentafel und Fuerstenbuch der Europaeischen Staatengeschichte," fol. +Regensburg, 1831, in which the descents are brought down to a recent +period. + +F.M. + + +_Astle's MSS._ (No. 15. p. 230.).--After the death of Astle, in 1803, +his collection of MSS. was purchased, pursuant to his will, for the sum +of 500l., by the Marquess of Buckingham, and they remained at Stowe till +the spring of last year, when they passed, with the rest of that noble +collection, into the hands of the Earl of Ashburnham, for the sum of +8000l.;--a loss to the public much to be regretted. + +F.M. + + +_Dr. Hugh Todd's MSS_. (No. 16. p. 246.).--The first of the five MSS. +mentioned by Mr. Walbran, namely, the Chartulary of Fountains Abbey, is +at present in University College, Oxford, and perhaps some of the other +MSS. may be there also. A catalogue of the MSS. of this College has been +printed, compiled by the Rev. H.O. Coxe, of the Bodleian Library; but I +have not been able to consult a copy of it in London. + +F.M. + + +_Sir William Ryder_ (No. 12. p. 186.),--"H.F." is informed that Sir +William Ryder, Lord Mayor of London in 1660, lived at Bethnal Green, +received the honour of knighthood, 12th March, 1660 or 1661; died 30th +August, 1669; and was buried 9th September following at St. Andrew +Undershaft, London. He had two sons, one of whom was Thomas Ryder, who +was an equerry to King James II., and lord of the manor of Bilsington, +in Kent. He performed some service at the coronation of Queen Anne; and +his son, Sir Barnham Ryder, was knighted at the coronation of her +successor. The other son of Sir William Ryder was William Ryder, +gentleman. Sir William Ryder had five daughters:--1. Elizabeth, who +married Richard, son of Sir Thomas Midleton, of Chirk Castle in +Denbighshire, knight. 2. Priscilla, the wife of Richard Baylie, son of +Dr. Baylie, Dean of {283} Sarum. 3. Mary. 4. Anne. 5. Martha.--_Harl. +MSS._ 5801, 5802. + +F.E. + + +_Scole Inn._--In answer to the query (No. 16. p. 245.) respecting the +Sign and House at Scole Inn, I beg to refer to vol. ii. p. 142., of the +_History of Norfolk_, published by Crouse and Booth of Norwich, in 1781, +in 10 vols. 8vo. + +I beg to state that I have impressions of two large prints, one of the +"House," and the other of the "Sign." They were published in +1740.--"Joshua Kirby," del., "John Fossey," sculpt. + +I have also a smaller print of the "Sign" taken from the opposite +side--from the larger one--apparently by the same parties, but the names +of the drawer and engraver are cut off. + +I think the Sign was not take down till after 1795, as I have a +recollection of having passed _under it_ when a boy, in going from +Norwich to Ipswich. + +The sign was large and handsome, and extended across the road. + +In _Kirby's Print_, it is stated to have cost Mr. James Peck, who was a +merchant at Norwich, 1057l. + +The prints are not very scarce, and may be got at many of the +printsellers in London. + +J.B. + + +About twenty years ago I have seen hanging up on the wall of the +principal entry of this inn, a print of its original front, comprising +the various figure, coats of arms, &c. which adorned it: in this account +the founder Peck was called a citizen of Norwich, and the traveller was +puzzled by this piece of information. "It is called Scole Inn, because +it is at about the same distance from Norwich, Ipswich, and Bury." + +M. Prendergast. + +7. Serjeant's Inn. Fleet Street, Feb. 19. 1850. + + +_Killigrew Family and Scole Inn Sign_ (No. 15. p. 231.).--Doubtless +there are pedigrees of the Killigrew family in the _Visitations of +Cornwall_, which would answer Mr. Lower's questions. Many notices of +them also occur in Gilbert's _History of Cornwall_, and Wood's _Athenae +Oxon._, Bliss. ed., and both those works have good indexes. + +There is a folded engraving of Scole Inn Sign (No. 16. p. 245.) in +Armstrong's _History of Norfolk_, vol. ii. p. 144., but I never could +learn when or why the sign was removed. The couchant stag in the centre +was the Cornwallis crest. + +Braybrooke. + +Audley End. + + +_Pavoise of the Black Prince_ (No. 12. p. 183).--It is very probably +that the _Pavoise_ which "Bolton" mentions as hanging in his time at the +tomb of Edward the Black Prince, was no part of the original collection. + +"A quilted coat-armour, with _half-sleeves tabard fashion_," reads oddly +as part of this prince's costume; but we know that sometimes "Coming +events cast their shadows before." + +T.W. + + +_Welsh Ambassador._--The following use of the word "Welsh" _in +metaphor_, may perhaps serve as a clue to, or illustration of, G.'s +query (No. 15. p. 230.): + + _Andrew_. "In tough _Welsh_ parsley, which in our vulgar tongue, + is Strong hempen altars."--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Elder + Brother_, Act. 1. ad fin. + +Petit Andre + +Pleissis-les-Tours, Fevrier, 1850. + + +_Phoenix--by Lactantius._--"Seleucus" is informed, in answer to his +query in No. 13. p. 203., that he will find the Latin poem of the +_Phoenix_, in hexameters _and pentameters_, in that scarce little +volume, edited by Pithaeus, and published at Paris in 1590 (see Brunet), +_Epigrammata et Poematia Vetera, &c._ (of which I am happy to say I +possess a most beautiful copy), where it is headed "Phoenix, Incerti +Auctoris;" and again at the end of the edition of _Claudian_ by P. +Burmann Secundus Amsterdam, 1760), with the following title,--_Lactantia +Elegia, de Phoenice; vulgo Claudiano ad scripta, &c._, where also +another correspondent, "R.G." (in No. 15. p. 235.), will find much +information as to who was the author of the poem. + +C.J.C. + +Feb. 9. 1850. + + +_Catsup_ (no. 8. p. 125.).--"Catsup" is to be found thus spelt in Todd's +_Johnson's Dictionary_ (London, 1818). He describes it as a kind of +Indian pickles imitated by pickled mushrooms; and quotes these two lines +of Swift: + + "And for our home-bred British cheer, + Botargo, catsup, and cavier." + +An eminnet Sanscrit scholar informs me that "kuck-hup" is the +Hindostanee word for Turtle; it is to be met in the Vocabulary attached +to Gilchrist's _East Indian Guide_ (8vo. London, 1820). May not the name +of the sauce take its origin from the use of it in preparing the turtle +for the table? In the _Cuisinier Royal, par Viart_, p. 75., it is +mentioned among the "petites sauces," as ket-chop, "ou Soyac;" and the +receipt for making it ends with "servez le avec le poisson." (Published +at Paris, 1840.) + +C.I.R. + + +_The Buckingham Motto_ (No. 9. p. 138., and No. 16. p. 252.).--On +examining the original manuscript the true reading of this motto appears +to me to be, + + Sovente me sovene, + Harre Bokynghame. + +I should translate it, "souvent me souvenez;" an Anglo-French paraphrase +of "sis memor mei;" or, "Ne m'oubliez pas." I have great doubt {284} +whether the original MS. can be safely assumed to be an _autograph_. + +S. + + [Our correspondent "P." writes, "It surprises me your OEdipi + should be so wide of the mark in this motto. It is simply, 'Oft + remember me.'"] + + +_Devices of the Standards of the Anglo-Saxons_ (No. 14. p. 216.).--The +arms, i.e. the standards of the successive rulers of Britain, may be +found in Sir Winston Churchill's curious work, _Divi Britannici_, which +gives (as your correspondent supposes) the White Horse for Kent, the +White Dragon for Wessex, and the Raven for the Danes. + +C. + + +_Prutenicae_ (No. 14. p. 215.).--The work to which your correspondent +alludes is, I presume, _Prutenicae Tabulae Caelestium Motuum, autore Erasmo +Reinholdo_: Tubingae, 1562. This work is dedicated to Albert, Duke of +_Prussia_. In the dedication is the following passage: + + "Ego has tubulas _Prutenicas_ dici volui, ut sciret posteritas + tua liberalitate, Princeps Alberte, nos adjutos esse, et tibi + gratiam ab iis, quibus profuturae sunt deberi." + +Reinhold therefore called them Prutenie, _i.e. Prussian_ tables, in +compliment to the reigning duke. _Pruteni_ is an ancient name of the +Prussians. Albert (grandson of Albert the Achilles, Margrave of +Brandenburg) was in 1511 elected Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, +who then held Prussia. He continued the war which his order had for some +time carried on with his uncle, Sigismund I., King of Poland. But he +subsequently embraced the doctrines of Luther, deserted his order, +became reconciled to Sigismund, and for his reward East Prussia was now +first raised into a duchy as a fief of Poland, and made hereditary in +his family. This Albert was the founder of the University of Konigsberg. +(See Puffendorff, Frederick the Great, and Robertson.) + +_Pandoxare_ (No. 13. p. 202., No. 15. p. 234.).--There is, or till very +lately was, an officer of Trinity College, Cambridge, called the +Pandoxator. He had the oversight of the college brewhouse, and formerly +of the college bakehouse also. See Monk's _Life of Bentley_, 2nd ed. i. +210. In Dr. Bentley's time the office seems to have been held by a +senior fellow. Of late years junior fellows have held the situation. + +C.H. Cooper. + +Cambridge, Feb. 11. 1850. + + +_Gazetteer of Portugal._--In answer to the inquiry of "Northman" (No. +16. p. 246.), P.C.S.S. has to state, that he believes that the most +recent, as it is unquestionably the most copious, work on the topography +of Portugal is the _Diccionario Geografico de Portugal_, published at +Lisbon in 1817, in seventeen volumes, 8vo. + +P.C.S.S. + + +_Dog Latin_ (No. 15, p. 230.).--Many things low and vulgar are marked +with the prefix "dog"; as _dog-rose_, _dog-trick_, _dog-hole_, as also +_dog-gerel_. When the great mortar was set up in St. James's Park, some +one asked "Why the carriage was ornamented with dog's heads?" "To +justify the Latin inscription," said Jekyl. + +C. + + +_Epigram_ (No. 15. p. 233.).--Surely not by Kenrick, if written, as it +seems, about 1721. Kenrick was not heard of for near thirty years later. + +C. + + +_Pallace, Meaning of_ (No. 15. p. 233.).--Put out of all doubt by the +following article in Phillips's _World of Words_. "_Pallacia_, in old +records, 'Pales or paled fences.'" + +C. + + +_Meaning of Pallace_ (No. 13. p. 202., and No. 15. p. 233.).--Bishop +Horsley seems to throw some light on this point by his note on the 9th +verse of the 45th Psalm. The learned prelate says + + "'Out of the ivory palaces whereby they have made thee + glad,'--rather, from 'cabinets of Armenian ivory they have + pleasured thee.' From _cabinets_ or _wardrobes_, in which the + perfumes, or the garments were kept." + +This meaning of the word, derived from the Hebrew, corroborates the +sense given to it in Mr. Halliwell's _Dictionary of Archaic, &c. Words_, +viz, a _storehouse_. + +Alfred Gatty. + +Ecclesfield, Feb. 9. + + +_AElian._--The querist (No. 15. p. 232.) is informed that AElian's +Treatise _De Animalium Natura_ has been translated into Latin as well as +his other works, by Conrad Gessner, fol. Zurich, 1556; but, it does not +appear that an English translation of it has hitherto been published. + +A.W. + +Brighton. + + +_Why Dr. Dee quitted Manchester._--A correspondent (No. 14. p. 216.) of +yours wishes to know the reason why Dr. Dee resigned his wardenship and +left Manchester. I would refer him to the interesting "Life of Dee," by +Dr. Cooke Taylor, in his _Romantic Biography of the Age of Elizabeth_, +who writes: + + "But in his days mathematics were identified with magic, and + Dee's learned labours only served to strengthen the imputations + cast upon his character by the Fellows of his College in + Manchester. He was so annoyed by these reports that he presented + a petition to King James, requesting to have his conduct + judicially investigated; but the monarch, on the mere report + that Dee was a conjuror, refused to show him the slightest + favor. Indignant at the injurious treatment he continued to + receive, he quitted Manchester with his family in the month of + November, 1604: it is uncertain whether he renounced his + wardenship at the same time, but he seems to have received no + more of its revenues; for, during the remainder of his life, + {285} which was passed at Mortlake, he suffered severely from + the pressure of poverty." + +He died in 1608. Dr. Taylor, I suppose, writes on the authority of Dee's +MSS. and Journal, edited by Dr. Isaac Casaubon. + +W.M.K. + + +_Viridis Vallis_ (no. 14. p. 213.).--This is the monastery of +_Groenendael_, situated in the forest of Soignies, near Brussels. In the +_Bibliotheque des Ducs de Bourgoyne_ are preserved several manuscript +volumes relative to its history. (See Marchal's _Catalogue_, vol. ii. p. +84.) Sir Thomas Phillipps has also a Chartulary of this monastery among +his manuscripts. + +F.M. + + +_Recent Novel._--I beg to inform "Adolphus" that the Novel of which he +is in search (No. 15. p. 231.) is _Le Morne au Diable_, by Eugene Sue; +the hero of which is the Duke of Monmouth, who is supposed to have +escaped to Martinique. + +J.S. + + * * * * * + +MISCELLANIES. + +_Use of Monosyllables._--In Beaumont and Fletcher's _Boadicea_, Act 3. +Sc. 1. (Edinbugh, 1812), I meet with the following lines in Caratach's +Apostrophe to "Divine Andate," and which seem to corroborate Mr. C. +FORBES'S theory (No. 16. p. 228.) on the employment of monosyllables by +Shakspeare, when he wished to express violent and overwhelming emotion: +at least they appear to be used much in the same way by the celebrated +dramatists whom I quote: + + "Give us this day good hearts, good enemies, + Good blows on both sides, wounds that fear or flight + Can claim no share in; steel us both with anger, + And warlike executions fit thy viewing. + Let Rome put on her best strength, and thy Britain, + Thy little Britain, but as great in fortune, + Meet her as strong as she, as proud, as daring! + And then look on, thou red-eyed God; who does best, + Reward with honour; who despair makes fly, + Unarm for ever, and brand with infamy!" + +C.I.R. + +Feb. 16. + + +_To endeavour oneself_ (No. 8. p. 125.).--"G.P." thinks that the verb +"endeavour" takes a middle voice form in the collect for the second +Sunday after Easter, in the preface to the Confirmation Service, and in +the Form of Ordering of Priests: but in these instances is it any thing +more than the verb neuter, implying that we should endeavour ourselves +to follow, &c.? + +In Shepherd's _Elucidation of the Book of Common Prayer_ (2 vols. 8vo. +Lord. 1817), under the head of the Confirmation Office, it is stated +relative to the persons to be confirmed (vol. ii. p. 312.), "that they +solemnly engage evermore to endeavour faithfully to perform their part +of that covenant." + +C.I.R. + + +_Evelyn's Sculptura._--In a copy of Evelyn's _Sculptura_, 3rd edit., +with Memoir of the Author's Life, 8vo. London, 1759, I find the +following memorandum, in pencil, prefixed to the Memoirs: + + "By Dr. Warton of Winchester, as he himself informed me in + 1785." + +An autograph resembling "J. Chelmar" is on the fly-leaf. As I do not see +this Memoir ascribed to Dr. Warton in any list, to which I have access, +of his writings, perhaps the Memoir is not generally, or at all, known +to be by him, and I therefore send the memorandum to you to be winnowed +in your literary threshing-floor, by those who have better means and +more leisure to ascertain its value. + +J.M. + +Oxford, Feb. 5. + + +_William Baxter._--I do not know whether William Baxter is authority for +anything. When you see a word quoted from one of the languages or +dialects which the moderns call Celtic, that word will very commonly be +found not to exist. When at a loss, quote Celtic. If W. Baxter says (see +No. 13. p. 195.) that _buarth papan_ means the sun's ox-stall, or, in +other words, that _papan_ means the sun, I should wish to know where +else such a name for that luminary, for or any thing else, may be met +with? I have not found any such thing. + +A.N. + + +_Derivation of the word "Avon."_--Among the many proofs of the +prevalence of the Gaelic roots in existing names at both ends of the +island, it may be mentioned that there are ten rivers named _Avon_ in +Britain, and _Avon_ is simply the Gaelic word for a river. + +J.U.G. Gutch. + + +_Warton and Heinsius._--A late critic thinks he has discovered that Mr. +Thomas Warton, a contemporary of Mr. Wise, and fellow of the same +college, an antiquary and scholar of whom England may be proud, knew +little of Latin, and less of Greek, because, forsooth, he did not notice +Milton's false quantities, which Heinsius did! As well might it be +argued, that the critic is an immoral man, because he did not notice the +delinquencies of Heinsius in a moral point of view; the said Heinsius +being obliged to resign his secretaryship to the city of Amsterdam in +consequence of a prosecution by a young woman for breach of promise of +marriage, under the faith of which she had lived with him, and borne him +two children. The sentence of _misdaadigheyd_ was pronounced against +him, and confirmed, on appeal, by the supreme court of Holland, in 1662. +So much for the unpatriotic puff of the learned foreigner, to {286} the +disparagement of one of the greatest ornaments of English literature. As +one "note" naturally produces another, I hope your sense of justice, Mr. +Editor, will admit this, in order to counter-balance the effect of the +former one; appearing, as it did, in a periodical of considerable +circulation, which, I am glad to hear, is soon to be very much improved. + +J.I. + + +_Queen's Bagnio_ (No. 13. p. 196.).--The Queen's Bagnio in Long Acre was +on the south side, nearly opposite to the door of Long Acre Chapel. The +Duke's bath I have always heard was in Old Belton Street, now Endell +Street; the fourth house from Castle Street on the west side. It has +been new fronted not long since; but at the time that I frequented the +baths there--the exterior had pilasters, and a handsome cornice in the +style of Inigo Jones,--all being built in dark red brick. Within there +was a large plunging bath, paved and lined with marble, the walls being +covered by small tiles of blue and white, in the Dutch fashion. The +supply of water was from a well on the premises. + +There were several apartments for warm-bathing, having the baths and +pavements of marble, and to several of these were attached +dressing-rooms. + +The house is now, I believe, occupied by a carpenter; but the baths +remained, though in a dilapidated condition, a short-time since, and +probably are there still. + +T.W. + + +_A Flemish Account._--In illustration of a query in your first number on +the origin of the expression "a Flemish Account," unless you think it +too late for insertion, I send the following extract from an old volume +in the Cathedral Library at Salisbury. It is entitled, "The Accurate +Accomptant or London Merchant, &c.; by Thomas Brown, Accomptant: +composed for the Use and Benefit of the poor Blew-Coat children educated +in Christ's Hospital, &c. London, printed by William Godbid, sen. 1669. +fol." + +The book consists almost entirely of examples of the best methods of +keeping accounts, from which I select the following instance: + + "London, August 10th, 1668. + + "To Roger Pace, Factor, &c., for 10 Pieces cont. 746 Ells Fl. at + 10 _S._ Flem. per Ell. is 373 l. Flem. Exchange at 35 _S_ makes + Sterling Money 213 l. 2s. 10 d." + +The above extract strongly confirms the explanations of the expressions +given by your correspondents "Q.Q." and "Mr. Bolton Corney," in No. 5. +p. 74., as it proves both the necessity and early practice of accurately +distinguishing in commercial dealings between English and Flemish +methods of reckoning. + +E.A.D. + + [The following is a curious illustration of the use of the + phrase. + + "A person resident in London is said to have had most of + Caxton's publications. He sent them to Amsterdam for inspection, + and, on writing for them, was informed that they had been + destroyed by accident. 'I am very much afraid,' says Herbert, + 'my kind friend received but _a Flemish account_ of his + Caxtons.'"--_Typ. Antiq._, p. 1773.] + + +_La Mer des Histoires._--I find I have a note on that handsome old +French work, _La Mer des Histoires_, which is commonly attributed to +Johannes de Columna, Archbishop of Messina; but upon which Francis +Douce, while taking notice of its being a translation of the _Rudimentum +Noviciorum_ ascribed to Mochartus, observes that it is a different work +from the _Mare Historiarum_ of Johannes de Columna. Douce also informs +us, that there were several works passing under this title. Columna is +mentioned by Genebrard as the author of a book, _Cujus titulus est Mater +Historiarum_. Query? What is known of the work, which is really +Columna's? + +John Sansom. + + * * * * * + +On Passages in Milton + + "And every shepherd _tells his tale_ + Under the hawthorn in the dale." + + Milton's _L'Allegro_. + +I used to suppose the _tale told_ was a love tale. Now I take it to mean +that each shepherd _tells the tale_, that is, counts the number of his +sheep. Is there any doubt on this point? + +Milton (_Paradise Lost_, b. v.), speaks of "silent night with this her +_solemn_ bird;" that is, the nightingale. Most readers take "_solemn_" +to mean "_pensive_;" but I cannot doubt that Milton (who carries +Latinism to excess) used it to express _habitual_, _customary_, +_familiar_, as in its Latin form _sollemnis_. + +B.H.K. + + * * * * * + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +The lovers of accurate and painstaking topography, the students of +genealogical history, and, though last not least, those who like to see +the writings of Shakspeare, illustrated in a congenial spirit, will read +with pleasure the announcement, in our advertising columns, that the +fellow-townsmen of Joseph Hunter, the Historian of "Hallamshire" and +"The Deanery of Doncaster," and the Illustrator of the Life and Writings +of Shakspeare, have opened a Subscription for the purpose of placing a +full-length portrait of that gentleman in the Cutlers' Hall, Sheffield. + +When we announced Mr. Archer's projected work, entitled _Vestiges of Old +London, a Series of finished Etchings from Original Drawings, with +Descriptions, Historical Associations, and other References_, we spoke +of it as one likely, we thought, to prove of especial interest. The +appearance of the first Number justifies to the fullest our +anticipation. The pictorial representations are replete {287} with +variety, and the literary illustrations full of a pleasant gossipping +anecdotical character. The first plate shows us _The Old Bulk Shop at +Temple Bar_, occupied by successive generations of fishmongers, and +doubtless well remembered by most of our readers; although no trace of +it any longer exists. _The House of John Dryden_, in Fetter Lane, so +designated on the authority of the late Mr. Upcott, forms the second +plate; and is followed by _The Altar of Diana_, discovered in Foster +Lane, Cheapside, in December, 1830. _The Drapers' Almshouses, Crutched +Friars_, is the next illustration, which again is contrasted by a plate +of _Roman Vestiges_, full of interest to those who like to investigate +the Roman occupation of our metropolis; and this first part concludes +with a view of _The Old Chapel of St. Bartholomew, Kingsland_. The work +is executed in a style to delight London antiquaries, and charm those +who delight to illustrate Pennant. + +The approaching _Exhibition of Works of Ancient and Mediaeval Art_ at the +rooms of the Society of Arts in the Adelphi, promises to be one of the +most interesting displays of the kind ever exhibited in this or any +other city. The possessors of objects of beauty and rarity have vied +with each other in placing at the disposal of the Committee their +choicest specimens; and the inhabitants and visitors of the metropolis +will shortly have an opportunity of judging how numerous are the relics +of "barbaric pomp and gold" which are still left to us, and how much of +beauty of design, and "skill in workmanship" were displayed by the +"hard-handed" men of the good old times, to justify the enthusiasm of +the antiquary, and gratify the man of taste. + +We have received, but at a moment too late to notice as it deserves, the +Catalogue of very choice Books, and Books printed on vellum, the +property of the late Mr. Rodd, which are to be sold by Messrs. Sotheby, +at their rooms in Wellington Street, on Monday next. As a specimen, +perhaps the most remarkable of this collection, we may point out the set +of the Works of Thomas Aquinas, in 17 folio volumes, bound in 21, and +which is well described as + + "A magnificent set of Books, presenting one of the finest + specimens, and at the same time the most extensive work, ever + printed upon vellum. This copy was presented by Pope Pius V. to + Philip II., king of Spain, and was deposited in the library of + the Escurial, whence it was taken during the occupation of Spain + by Bonaparte. The only other copy known is in the National + Library, Paris. It is the best edition of this author's works." + +We have received the following Catalogues: + + "John Petheram's Catalogue of Old and New Books on Sale for Cash + only at 94. High Holborn. Part CVIII. No. 2. for 1850." + +a Catalogue containing some excellent books, which reached us last week, +and was omitted from our last list by accident. + + "Catalogue of Miscellaneous English and Foreign Books in all + Classes of Literature, selected from the Stock of Nattali and + Bond, 23. Bedford Street, Covent Garden." + + "Bibliotheca Salisburiensis. A Catalogue of Old and New Books on + sale by J. Hearn, corner of the Poultry Cross, Salisbury." + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE + +(_In continuation of Lists in former Nos._) + +Life of Colonel Birch. + +Odd Volumes. + +Goldsmith's Miscellaneous Works. (Cairn's Edition.) 12mo. Edinburgh. +1804. Vol. III. + +British Painters, Sculptors, and Architects. Family Library. 1830. Vol. +IV. + +Orbis Phaeton, sive de Universis Vitus Linguae. Pars prima, A to K. Mons. +1629. + +Political Magazine for 1780. Vol. IX. for 1785. Vol. XII. for 1787. + +Hudibras. 18mo. 1716. Vol. I. + +Valpy's Delphin Classics. 63 and 64. In the original Boards. + +Inchbald's British Theater. 12mo. 1808. Vol. IX. + +Chevallier's Epistles of the Apostolic Fathers. + +Historical Romances. 7 Vols., or Vol. I. Constable, 1822. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +_We have again had to indulge in the expensive luxury of a further +reprint; and we have therefore the pleasure of announcing that our_ +Second _Monthly Part, which has been out of print, may now be had by +such of our friends as want to complete their sets._ + +_We are again under the necessity of omitting many communications, +including_ Notes, Queries, _and_ Replies, _which are in type; but we +hope, by enlarging next week's paper to_ 24 _pages, instead of_ 16, _to +find room for inserting many interesting papers which we have been +hitherto compelled to omit for want of room._ + +_To correspondents inquiring as to the mode of procuring_ "Notes and +Queries," _we have once more to explain, that every bookseller and +newsman will supply it regularly_, if ordered; _and that gentlemen +residing in the country, who may find a difficulty in getting it through +any bookseller in their neighbourhood, may be supplied regularly with +the_ stamped _edition, by giving their orders direct to the publisher_, +Mr. George Bell, 186. _Fleet Street, accompanied by a Post Office order, +for a quarter, 4s. 4d.; a half year, 8s. 8d.; or one year, 17s. 4d._ + +A.J.V. _will find an answer to his query respecting_ Angels' Visits, +_&c. in No. 7. p. 102.; and respecting the Hudibrastic couplet, in No. +12. p. 179_. + +M.X. (Bridport). _The work_ well bound _will only fetch about seven or +eight pounds in a sale room, and may be purchased for about ten._ + +Errata. No. 9. p. 133. col. 1. l. 51., for "Silent" read "Select;" l. +54., for "imposing" read "composing;" and col. 2. l. 43. after "that" +insert "Simpson's." No. 17. p. 263. col. 1. l. 49., for "Respublicae" +read "Respublica." + + * * * * * {288} + +Exceedingly Choice and Rare Books, and Books printed upon Vellum, the +property of the late eminent bookseller, Mr. Thos. Rodd. + +MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY and Co., (auctioneers of literary property and +works illustrative of the fine arts,) will SELL by AUCTION in pursuance +of the will of the deceased, at their House, 3. Wellington Street, +Strand, on Monday, March 4. at 1 precisely, a very choice selection of +fine and RARE BOOKS, and Books printed upon Vellum, the property of the +late eminent bookseller, Mr. Thomas Rodd, of Great Newport Street, +London; including among the more valuable books, Aquinatis Opera Omnia, +21 vols., Romae, 1570, a magnificent set of books, printed on vellum, +presented by Pope Pius V. to Philip II, King of Spain; Homer Opera +Graece, editio princeps, fine copy, Florentiae, 1488; Valerius Maximus, +printed on vellum, Moguntiae, 1471; Vivaldus de Veritate Contritionis, +printed on vellum, unique, 1503; Lancelot du Lac, Chevalier de la Table +Ronde, beautiful copy; Ciceronis Epistolae ad Familiares, Venetiis, +Johannes de Spira, 1409; Sancti Hieronymi Epistolae, printed on vellum, +Moguntiae, 1470; a magnificent volume; Pentateuchus Hebraicus et +Chaldaicus, printed on vellum, a beautiful copy, Sabionnettae, 1557; many +beautiful Horae, printed on vellum; Enchiridion Ecclesiae Sarum, printed +on vellum, extremely rare and interesting, Paris. T. Kerver, 1528; La +Collection des Ouvrages, imprimees par Ordre de M. Le Compte d'Artois, +64 vols., printed on vellum, Paris Didot. To be viewed three days prior, +and catalogues had at the place of sale. + + * * * * * + +Preparing for immediate Publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo. + +THE FOLK-LORE of ENGLAND. By William J. Thoms, F.S.A., Secretary of the +Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and Legends of +all Nations." &c. One object of the present work is to furnish new +contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; and especially +some of the more striking Illustrations of the subject to be found in +the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries. + +Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and +Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms &c. are earnestly solicited, and +will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed to +the care of Mr. Bell, Office of "Notes and Queries," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +TOPOGRAPHY, COUNTY AND FAMILY HISTORY, ETC.--John Gray Bell, Bookseller, +Dealer in Topographical Prints, Portraits, Autographs, and Literary +Curiosities, 10. and 11. Bedford Street, Covent Garden, London, invites +Collectors to examine his Assortment of PRINTS on the above interesting +subjects. Having gathered them with the greatest care and research, at a +vast expenditure of Time and Capital, he flatters himself that his +Collection is the most extensive and best selected extant, and will be +found well worthy of attention. + +John Gray Bell's Catalogues are published monthly, and forwarded, free, +by post. Parties desirous of possessing the recent numbers can have them +sent by enclosing their address. + + * * * * * + +Royal 32mo., cloth, 2s.; morocco (Hayday), 7s. + +SELDEN'S TABLE TALK. + +Royal 32mo., price 2s. 6d. cloth, 7s. 6d. morocco (Hayday). + +THE TEMPLE, SACRED POEMS, and PRIVATE EJACULATIONS. BY George Herbert. + +Also, by the same Author, + +Price 2s. cloth, 7s. morocco (Hayday), + +A PRIEST TO THE TEMPLE; or, THE COUNTRY PARSON: his character, and Rule +of Holy Life, &c. + +London: George Bell, Fleet Street. Leicester: J.S. Crossley. + + * * * * * + +THE PHILOLOGICAL MUSEUM. Edited by Hare and Thirlwall. 2 thick vols. +8vo. cloth, 14s. E. STIBBS, having purchased the remaining copies of +this esteemed Work, now offers it at the above reduced price, and +respectfully suggests the necessity of early application, as it is +entirely out of print, and but few copies remain for sale. + +331. Strand, opposite Somerset House. + + * * * * * + +REV. JOSEPH HUNTER, F.S.A. Public Portrait. The Friends and Admirers of +the learned and respected Historian of "Hallamshire" and the "Deanery of +Doncaster" having resolved to place a full-length Portrait of him in the +Cutlers' Hall, Sheffield, his native town (vide "Gentleman's Magazine," +Feb. 1850), the Committee beg respectfully to announce that +Subscriptions of One Guinea, in furtherance of their object, will be +received by Thomas Berks, Esq., Mayor, Treasurer; and Mr. Henry Jackson, +Secretary of the Committee, Sheffield. + + * * * * * + +Just published, and may be had postage free, on a remittance of two +stamps. + +A CATALOGUE OF ENGLISH and FOREIGN BOOKS, in all Classes of Literature. +Selected from the STOCK of NATTALI and BOND (successors to the late M.A. +Nattali), 23. Bedford Street, Covent Garden. + + * * * * * + +Now ready. + +STIBB'S CATALOGUE OF MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS, Part III., containing a very +extensive collection of Books relating to America, also a few choice and +rare old books beautifully bound in morocco; it may be had gratis, and +post free, on application. Also, nearly ready, STIBB'S GENERAL +CATALOGUE, which will be forwarded gratis on receipt of Eight stamps for +the Postage. + +331. Strand, opposite Somerset House, + + * * * * * + +Just published, price 3s. 6d. 12mo. cloth, 7s. calf or morocco. + +THE ENGLISH GENTLEMAN: his Principles, his Feelings, his Manners, his +Pursuits. + +"We like him so well as to wish heartily we might meet many +such."--_Theologian._ + +"The object of the first of the four essays is to form the principles of +a gentleman on a Christian standard. In the other three subjects, of +feelings, manners, and pursuits, the views, though strict, are of a more +worldly kind."--_Spectator._ + +George Bell, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +8vo. cloth. 7s. 6d. + +ORIGINAL LETTERS OF JOHN LOCKE, ALGERNON SIDNEY, AND LORD SHAFTESBURY. +With an Analytical Sketch of the Writings and Opinions of Locke and +other Metaphysicains. By T. Forster, M.B. F.L.S., M.A.S., Corresponding +Member of the Acad. of Natural Science at Philadelphia, &c. + +London: George Bell, Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +In 8vo. price 7s. 6d. cloth. + +HISTORY OF THE PARISH AND TOWN OF BAMPTON, with the District and Hamlets +belonging to it. By the Rev. J.A. Giles, D.C.L., late Fellow of Christ's +Ch. Coll. Oxford, Author of "History of the Ancient Britons," &c. + +London: George Bell, Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8 New Street Square, at No. 5 New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186 Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, March 2. 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 18. Saturday, +March 2, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 18. *** + +***** This file should be named 13544.txt or 13544.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/5/4/13544/ + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the PG Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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