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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/13513-0.txt b/13513-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fadad20 --- /dev/null +++ b/13513-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1667 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13513 *** + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 4.] SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 1849 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {49} + +CONTENTS. + +Our Progress and Prospects. 49 + +NOTES:-- +Luther and Erasmus, by John Bruce. 50 +Hallam's Middle Ages. 51 +Adversaria I.--Writers of Notes on Fly-leaves. 51 +Origin of Grog and Ancient Alms-Basins. 52 +Dyce v. Warburton and Collier. 53 +Food of the People, by J.T. Hammack. 54 +Bishop Barnaby. 55 +Trade Editions. 55 +Dibdin's Typograph Antiquities, by Rev. Dr. Maitland. 56 +Queries answered, II., by Bolton Corney. 56 +Madoc's Expedition to America. 57 + +QUERIES:-- +"Clouds" or Shrouds, in Shakspeare. 58 +Medal of Pretender, by B. Nightingale. 58 +Roger de Coverley. 59 +Landed and Commercial Policy of England. 59 +The Rev. Thomas Leman. 59 +Gothic Architecture. 59 +Katherine Pegg. 59 +Queries on Mediæval Geography. 60 +Myles Bloomfylde and William Bloomfield on Alchymy. 60 +Thynne's Collection of Chancellors. 60 +Cold Harbour. 60 +Statistics of the Roman Catholic Church. 61 +Incumbents of Church Livings. 61 +Curse of Scotland, by Edward Hawkins. 61 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- +Notes of Book-Sales, Catalogues, &c. 61 +Books and Odd Volumes wanted. 63 +Notices to Correspondents. 63 + + * * * * * + +OUR PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS. + +When we consulted our literary friends as to the form and manner in +which it would be most expedient to put forth our "NOTES AND QUERIES," +more than one suggested to us that our paper should appear only once a +month, or at all events not more frequently than once a fortnight, on +the ground that a difficulty would be experienced in procuring materials +for more frequent publication. We felt, however, that if such a medium +of Inter-communication, as we proposed to establish was, as we believed, +really wanted, frequency of publication was indispensable. Nothing but a +weekly publication would meet what we believed to be the requirements of +literary men. We determined, therefore, to publish a Number every +Saturday; and the result has so far justified our decision, that the +object of our now addressing our readers is to apologise to the many +friends whose communications we are again unavoidably compelled to +postpone; and to explain that we are preparing to carry out such further +improvements in our arrangements as will enable us to find earlier +admission for all the communications with which we are favoured. + +One other word. It has been suggested to us that in inviting Notes, +Comments, and Emendations upon the works of Macaulay, Hallam, and other +living authors, we may possibly run a risk of offending those eminent +men. We hope not. We are sure that this outght not to be the case. Had +we not recognised the merits of such works, and the influence they were +destined to exercise over men's minds, we should not have opened our +pages for the purpose of receiving, much less have invited, corrections +of the mistakes into which the most honest and the most able of literary +inquirers must sometimes fall. Only those who have meddled in historical +research can be aware of the extreme difficulty, the all but +impossibility, of ascertaining the exact or the whole truth, amidst the +numerous minute and often apparently contradictory facts which present +themselves to the notice of all inquirers. In this very number a +correspondent comments upon an inference drawn by Mr. Hallam from a +passage in Mabillon. In inserting such a communication we show the +respect we feel for Mr. Hallam, and our {50} sense of the services which +he has rendered to historical knowledge. Had we believed that if he has +fallen into a mistake in this instance, it had been not merely a +mistake, but a deliberate perversion of the truth, we should have +regarded both book and writer with indifference, not to say with +contempt. It is in the endeavour to furnish corrections of little +unavoidable slips in such good honest books--albeit imperfect as all +books must be--that we hope at once to render good service to our +national literature, and to show our sense of genius, learning, and +research which have combined to enrich it by the production of works of +such high character and last influence. + + * * * * * + + +NOTES + +LATIN EPIGRAM AGAINST LUTHER AND ERASMUS. + +Mr. Editor,--Your correspondent "Roterodamus" (pp. 27, 28) asks, I hope, +for the author of the epigram which he quotes, with a view to a life of +his great townsman, Erasmus. Such a book, written by some competent +hand, and in an enlarged and liberal spirit, would be a noble addition +to the literature of Europe. There is no civilised country that does not +feel an interest in the labours and in the fame of Erasmus. I am able to +answer your correspondents question, but it is entirely by chance. I +read the epigram which he quotes several years ago, in a book of a kind +which one would like to see better known in this country--a +typographical or bibliographical history of Douay. It is entitled, +"_Bibliographie Douaisienne, ou Catalogue Historique et Raisonné des +Livres imprimés à Douai depuis l'année 1563 jusqu'a nos jours, avec des +notes bibliographiques et littéraires; Par H.R. Duthilloeul. 8vo. Douai, +1842_." The 111th book noticed in the volume is entitled, "_Epigrammata +in Hæreticos. Authore Andrea Frusio, Societatis Jesu. Tres-petit in 8vo. +1596_." The book is stated to contain 251 epigrams, "aimed," says M. +Duthilloeul, "at the heretics and their doctrines. The author has but +one design, which is to render odious and ridiculous, the lives, +persons, and errors of the apostles of the Reformation." He quotes three +of the epigrams, the third being the one your correspondent has given +you. It has this title, "_De Lutheri et Erasmi differentia_," and is the +209th epigram in the book. + +I have never met with a copy of the work of Frusius, nor do I know any +thing of him as an author. The learned writer who pours out a store of +curious learning in the pages of _Gentleman's Magazine_ is more likely +than any body that I know to tell you something about him. + +Mons. Duthilloeul quotes another epigram from the same book upon the +_Encomium Moriæ_, but it is too long and too pointless for your pages. +He adds another thing which is more in your way, namely, that a former +possessor of the copy of the work then before him had expressed his +sense of the value of these "epigrammes dévotes" in the following +NOTE:-- + + "_Nollem carere hoe libello auro nequidem contra pensitato_." + +Perhaps some one who possesses or has access to the book would give us a +complete list of the persons who are the subjects of these defamatory +epigrams. And I may add, as you invite us to put our queries, Is not +Erasmus entitled to the distinction of being regarded as the author of +the work which the largest single edition has ever been printed and +sold? Mr. Hallam mentions that, "in the single year 1527, Colinæus +printed 24,000 copies of the _Colloquies_, all of which were sold." This +is the statement of Moreri. Bayle gives some additional information. +Quoting a letter of Erasmus as his authority, he says, that Colinæus, +who--like the Brussels and American reprinters of our day--was printing +the book at Paris from a Basle edition, entirely without the concurrence +of Erasmus, and without any view of his participation in the profit, +circulated a report that the book was about to be prohibited by the Holy +See. The curiosity of the public was excited. Every one longed to secure +a copy. The enormous edition--for the whole 24,000 was but one +impression--was published contemporaneously with the report. It was a +cheap and elegant book, and sold as fast as it could be handed over the +booksellers counter. As poor Erasmus had no pecuniary benefit {51} from +the edition, he ought to have the credit which arises from this proof of +his extraordinary popularity. The public, no doubt, enjoyed greatly his +calm but pungent exposure of the absurd practices which were rife around +them. That his humorous satire was felt by its objects, is obvious from +this epigram, as well as from a thousand other evidences. + +JOHN BRUCE. + + * * * * * + +HALLAMS MIDDLE AGES--ALLEGED IGNORANCE OF THE CLERGY. + +Sir,--When reading Hallam's _History of the Middle Ages_ a short time +ago I was startled by the following passage which occurs amongst other +evidences of the ignorance of the clergy during the period subsequent to +the dissolution of the Roman Empire. + + "Not one priest in a thousand in Spain about the age of + Charlemagne, could address a common letter of salutation to + another."--_Hallam's Middle Ages_, vol. iii. p. 332. + +And for this statement he refers to Mabillon, _De Re Diplomatica_, p. +52. + +On referring to Mabillon, I find that the passage runs as follows:-- + + "Christiani posthabitis scripturis sanctis, earumque + interpretibus, Arabum Chaldæorumque libris evolvendis + incumbentes, legem suam nesciebant, et linguam propriam non + advertebant latinam, ita ut ex omni Christi collegio vix + inveniretur unus in milleno hominum genere, qui salutatorias + fratri posset rationabiliter dirigere litteras." + +So that although Mabillon says that scarce one in a thousand could +address a _Latin_ letter to another, yet he by no means says that it was +on account of their general ignorance, but because they were addicting +themselves to other branches of learning. They were devoting all their +energies to Arabic and Chaldæan science, and in their pursuit of it +neglected other literature. A similar remark might be made of respecting +many distinguished members of the University to which I belong; yet who +would feel himself justified in inferring thence that Cambridge was sunk +in ignorance? + +CANTAB. + + * * * * * + +ADVERSARIA + + [In our Prospectus we spoke of NOTES AND QUERIES becoming + everybody's common-place book. The following very friendly + letter from an unknown correspondent, G.J.K., urges us to carry + out such an arrangement. + + "Sir,--I beg leave to forward you a contribution for your 'NOTES + AND QUERIES,' a periodical which is, I conceive, likely to do a + vast deal of good by bringing literary men of all shades of + opinion into closer juxtaposition than they have hitherto been. + + "I would, however, suggest that in future numbers a space might + be allotted for the reception of those articles (short of + course), which students and literary men in general, transfer to + their common-place books; such as notices of scarce or curious + books, biographical or historical curiosities, remarks on + ancient or obsolete customs, &c. &c. &c. Literary men are + constantly meeting with such in the course of their reading, and + how much better would it be if, instead of transferring them to + a MS. book to be seen only by themselves, or perhaps a friend or + two, they would forward them to a periodical, in which they + might be enshrined in imperishable pica; to say nothing of the + benefits such a course of proceeding would confer on those who + might not have had the same facilities of gaining the + information thus made public. + + "In pursuance of this suggestion, I have forwarded the inclosed + paper, and should be happy, from time to time, to contribute + such gleanings from old authors, &c. as I might think worth + preserving. + + "G.J.K." + +We readily comply with G.J.K.'s suggestion, and print, as the first of +the series, his interesting communication, entitled:] + +1. _Writers of Notes on Fly-leaves, &c._ + +The Barberini Library at Rome contains a vast number of books covered +with marginal notes by celebrated writers, such as Scaliger, Allatius, +Holstentius, David Haeschel, Barbadori, and above all, Tasso, who has +annotated with his own hand more than fifty volumes. Valery, in his +_Voyages en Italie_, states that a Latin version of Plato is not only +annotated by the hand of Tasso, but also by his father, Bernardo; a fact +which sufficiently proves how deeply the language and philosophy of the +Greek writers were studied in the family. The remarks upon the _Divina +Commedia_, which, despite the opinion of Serassi, appear to be +authentic, attest the profound study which, from his youth, Tasso had +made of the great poets, and the lively admiration he displayed for +their works. There is also in existence a copy of the Venice edition of +the _Divina Commedia_ (1477), with autograph notes by Bembo. + +Christina of Sweden had quite a mania for writing in her books. In the +library of the Roman College (at Rome) there are several books annotated +by her, amongst others a {52} Quintus Curtius, in which, as it would +appear, she criticises very freely the conduct of Alexander. "_He +reasons falsely in this case_," she writes on one page; and elsewhere, +"_I should have acted diametrically opposite; I should have pardoned_;" +and again, further on, "_I should have exercised clemency_;" an +assertion, however, we may be permitted to doubt, when we consider what +sort of clemency was exercised towards Monaldeschi. Upon the fly-leaf of +a Seneca (Elzevir), she has written, "_Adversus virtutem possunt +calamitates damna et injuriæ quod adversus solem nebulæ possunt_." The +library of the Convent of the Holy Cross of Jerusalem at Rome, possesses +a copy of the _Bibliotheca Hispanu_, in the first volume of which the +same princess has written on the subject of a book relating to her +conversion: [1] "_Chi l'ha scritta, non lo sa; chi lo sa, non l'ha mai +scritta_." + +Lemontey has published some very curious _Memoirs_, which had been +entirely written on the fly-leaves and margins of a missal by J. de +Coligny, who died in 1686. + +Racine, the French tragic poet, was also a great annotator of his books; +the Bibliothèque National at Paris possesses a Euripides and +Aristophanes from his library, the margins of which are covered with +notes in Greek, Latin, and French. + +The books which formerly belonged to La Monnoie are now recognizable by +the anagram of his name. _A Delio nomen_, and also by some very curious +notes on the fly-leaves and margins written in microscopic characters. + +G.J.K. + +[Footnote 1: Conversion de la Reina de Suecia in Roma (1656).] + + * * * * * + +ORIGIN OF WORD "GROG." + +Mr. Vaux writes as follows:--Admiral Vernon was the first to require his +men to drink their spirits mixed with water. In bad weather he was in +the habit of walking the deck in a rough _grogram_ cloak, and thence had +obtained the nickname of _Old Grog_ in the Service. This is, I believe, +the origin of the name _grog_, applied originally to _rum_ and _water_. +I find the same story repeated in a quaint little book, called Pulleyn's +_Etymological Compendium_. + + [A.S. has communicated a similar explanation; and we are obliged + to "An old LADY who reads for Pastime" for kindly furnishing us + with a reference to a newly published American work, _Lifts for + the Lazy_, where the origin of "Grog" is explained in the same + manner. + + The foregoing was already in type when we received the following + agreeable version of the same story.] + + * * * * * + +ORIGIN OF WORD "GROG"--ANCIENT ALMS-BASINS. + +Mr. Editor,--As a sailor's son I beg to answer your correspondent +LEGOUR'S query concerning the origin of the word "grog," so famous in +the lips of our gallant tars. Jack loves to give a pet nickname to his +favourite officers. The gallant Edward Vernon (a Westminster man by +birth) was not exempted from the general rule. His gallantry and ardent +devotion to his profession endeared him to the service, and some merry +wags of the crew, in an idle humour, dubbed him "Old Grogham." Whilst in +command of the West Indian station, and at the height of his popularity +on account of his reduction of Porto Bello with six men-of-war only, he +introduced the use of rum and water by the ship's company. When served +out, the new beverage proved most palatable, and speedily grew into such +favour, that it became as popular as the brave admiral himself, and in +honour of him was surnamed by acclamation "Grog." + +MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + +P.S.--There are two other alms-basins in St. Margaret's worthy of note, +besides those I mentioned in your last number. One has the inscription, +"Live well, die never; die well and live ever. A.D. 1644 W.G." The other +has the appropriate legend, "Hee that gives too the poore lends unto +thee LORD." A third bears the Tudor rose in the centre. In an Inventory +made about the early part of the 17th century, are mentioned "one Bason +given by Mr. Bridges, of brasse." (The donor was a butcher in the +parish.) "Item, one bason, given by Mr. Brugg, of brasse." On the second +basin are the arms and crest of the Brewers' Company. Perhaps Mr. Brugg +was a member of it. One Richard Bridges was a churchwarden, A.D. +1630-32. + +M.W. + +7. College Street. Nov. 17. + + * * * * * {53} + +DYCE VERSUS WARBURTON AND COLLIER--AND SHAKSPEARE'S MSS. + +In Mr. Dyce's _Remarks on Mr. J.P. Collier's and Mr. C. Knight's +Editions of Shakspeare_, pp. 115, 116, the following note occurs:-- + + "_King Henry IV., Part Second_, act iv. sc. iv. + + "As humorous as winter, and as sudden + As _flaws_ congealed in the spring of day." + + "Alluding," says Warburton, "to the opinion of some + philosophers, that the vapours being congealed in air by cold, + (which is most intense towards the morning,) and being + afterwards rarified and let loose by the warmth of the sun, + occasion those sudden and impetuous guests of wind which are + called flaws."--COLLIER. + + "An interpretation altogether wrong, as the epithet here applied + to 'flaws' might alone determine; '_congealed_ gusts of wind' + being nowhere mentioned among the phenomena of nature except in + Baron Munchausen's _Travels_. Edwards rightly explained 'flaws,' + in the present passage, 'small blades of ice.' I have myself + heard the word used to signify both _thin cakes of ice_ and the + _bursting of those cakes_."--DYCE. + +Mr. Dyce may perhaps have heard the world _floe_ (plural _floes_) +applied to _floating sheet-ice_, as it is to be found so applied +extensively in Captain Parry's _Journal of his Second Voyage_; but it +remains to be shown whether such a term existed in Shakspeare's time. I +think it did not, as after diligent search I have not met with it; and, +if it did, and then had the same meaning, _floating sheet-ice_, how +would it apply to the illustration of this passage? + +That the uniform meaning of _flaws_ in the poet's time was _sudden gust +of wind_, and figuratively sudden gusts of passion, or fitful and +impetuous action, is evident from the following passages:-- + + "Like a red morn, that ever yet betoken'd + Wreck to the seamen, tempest to the field, + Sorrow to shepherds, woe unto the birds, + _Gust_ and foul _flaws_ to herdsmen and to herds." + _Venus and Adonis._ + + "Like a great sea-mark standing every _flaw_." + _Coriolanus_, act v. sc. iii. + + "--patch a wall to expel the winter's _flaw_." + _Hamlet_, act v. sc. i. + + "Like to the glorious sun's transparent beams + Do calm the fury of this mad-bred _flaw_." + _3d Pt. Henry VI._, act iii. sc. i. + + "--these _flaws_ and starts (impostors to true + fear)." + _Macbeth_, act iv. sc. iv. + + "Falling in the _flaws_ of her own youth, hath + blistered her report." + _Meas. for Meas._, act ii. sc. iii. + +So far for the poet's acceptation of its meaning. + +Thus also Lord Surrey:-- + + "And toss'd with storms, with _flaws_, with wind, with weather." + +And Beaumont and Fletcher, in _The Pilgrim_:-- + + "What _flaws_, and whirles of weather, + Or rather storms, have been aloft these three days." + +Shakspeare followed the popular meteorology of his time, as will appear +from the following passage from a little ephemeris then very frequently +reprinted:-- + + "_De Repentinis Ventis_. + + "8. Typhon, Plinio, Vortex, aliis Turbo, et vibratus Ecnephias, + de _nube gelida_ (ut dictum est) abruptum aliquid sæpe numero + secum voluit, ruinamque suam illo pondere aggravat: quem + _repentinum flatum_ à nube prope terram et mare depulsum, + definuerunt quidam, ubi in gyros rotatur, et proxima (ut + monuimus) verrit, suáque vi sursum raptat."--MIZALDUS, + _Ephemeridis Æris Perpetuus: seu Rustica tempestatum + Astrologia_, 12º Lutet. 1584. + +I have sometimes thought that Shakspeare may have written:-- + + "As flaws cong_est_ed in the spring of day." + +It is an easy thing to have printed cong_eal_ed for that word, and +_congest_ occurs in _A Lover's Complaint_. Still I think change +unnecessary. + +Has the assertion made in _An Answer to Mr. Pope's Preface to +Shakspeare_, by a Strolling Player, 1729, respecting the destruction of +the poet's MSS. papers, been ever verified? If that account is +authentic, it will explain the singular dearth of all autograph remains +of one who must have written so much. As the pamphlet is not common, I +transcribe the essential passage:-- + + "How much it is to be lamented that _Two large Chests_ full of + this GREAT MAN'S _loose papers_ and _Manuscripts_ in the hands + of an ignorant _Baker of_ WARWICK (who married one of the + descendants from Shakspear), were carelessly scattered and + thrown about as Garret Lumber and Litter, to {54} the particular + knowledge of the late _Sir William Bishop_; till they were all + consum'd in the general Fire and Destruction of that Town." + +S.W.S. + +Mickleham, Nov. 14. 1849. + + [We cannot insert the interesting Query which our correspondent + has forwarded on the subject of the disappearance of + Shakespeare's MSS. without referring to the ingenious suggestion + upon that subject so skilfully brought forward by the Rev. + Joseph Hunter in his _New Illustrations of the Life, Studies, + and Writings of Shakspeare_, vol. i. p. 105.:--"That the entire + disappearance of all manuscripts of Shakspeare, so entire that + no writing of his remains except his name, and only one letter + ever addressed to him, is in some way connected with the + religious turn which his posterity took, in whose eyes there + would be much to be lamented in what they must, I fear, have + considered a prostitution of the noble talents which had been + given him."] + + * * * * * + +FOOD OF THE PEOPLE.--BILLS OF FARE IN 1683--HUMBLE PIE. + +The food of the people must always be regarded as an important element +in estimating the degree of civilization of a nation, and its position +in the social scale. Mr. Macaulay, in his masterly picture of the state +of England at the period of the accession of James II., has not failed +to notice this subject as illustrative of the condition of the working +classes of that day. He tells us that meat, viewed relatively with +wages, was "so dear that hundreds of thousands of families scarcely knew +the taste of it.... The great majority of the nation lived almost +entirely on rye, barley, and oats." (_Hist. Eng._ vol. i. p. 418., 4th +ed.) + +It is not uninteresting to inquire (and having found, it is worth making +a note of) what sort of fare appeared on the tables of the upper and +middle classes,--who, unlike their poorer neighbours, were in a +condition to gratify their gastronomic preferences in the choice and +variety of their viands,--with the view of determining whether the +extraordinary improvement which has taken place in the food of the +labouring population has been equally marked in that of the wealthier +orders. + +Pepys, who was unquestionably a lover of good living, and never tired of +recording his feastings off "brave venison pasty," or "turkey pye," has +given in his _Diary_ many curious notices of the most approved dishes of +his day. The following "Bills of fare" of the period referred to speak, +however, directly to the point; they are taken from a work entitled, +_The accomplisht Lady's Delight, in Preserving, Physick, Beautifying, +and Cookery_. London, printed for B. Harris, 1683. + + "_A Bill of fare for a Gentleman's House about Candlemas._ + + "1. A Pottage with a Hen. 2. A _Chatham_-pudding. 3. A Fricacie + of Chickens. 4. A leg of mutton with a Sallet. Garnish your + dishes with Barberries. + + "_Second Course._ 1. A chine of Muton. 2. A chine of Veal. 3. + Lark-pye. 4. A couple of Pullets, one larded. Garnished with + orange slices. + + "_Third Course._ 1. A dish of Woodcocks. 2. A couple of Rabbits. + 3. A dish of Asparagus. 4. A Westphalia Gammon. + + "_Last Course._ 1. Two orange tarts, one with herbs. 2. A Bacon + Tart. 3. An apple Tart. 4. A dish of Bon-chriteen pears. 5. A + dish of Pippins. 6. A dish of Pearmains. + + "_A Banquet for the same Season._ + + "1. A dish of Apricots. 2. A dish of marmalade of Pippins. 3. A + dish of preserved Cherries. 4. A whole red Quince. 5. A dish of + dryed sweet-meats. + + "_A Bill of Fare upon an extraordinary Occasion._ + + "1. A collar of brawn. 2. A couple of Pullets boyled. 3. A bisk + of Fish. 4. A dish of Carps. 5. A grand boyled Meat. 6. A grand + Sallet. 7. A venison pasty. 8. A roasted Turkey. 9. A fat pig. + 10. A powdered Goose. 11. A haunch of Venison roasted. 12. A + Neats-tongue and Udder roasted. 13. A Westphalia Ham boyled. 14. + A Joll of Salmon. 15. Mince pyes. 16. A Surloyn of roast beef. + 17. Cold baked Meats. 18. A dish of Custards. + + "_Second Course._ 1. Jellies of all sorts. 2. A dish of + Pheasants. 3. A Pike boyled. 4. An oyster pye. 5. A dish of + Plovers. 6. A dish of larks. 7. A Joll of Sturgeon. 8. A couple + of Lobsters. 9. A lamber pye. 10. A couple of Capons. 11. A dish + of Partridges. 12. A fricacy of Fowls. 13. A dish of Wild Ducks. + 14. A dish of cram'd chickens. 15. A dish of stewed oysters. 16. + A Marchpane. 17. A dish of Fruits. 18. An umble pye." + +The fare suggested for "Fish days" is no less various and abundant; +twelve dishes are enumerated for the first course, and sixteen for the +second. Looking at the character of these viands, some of which would +not discredit the genius of a Soyer or a Mrs. Glasse, {55} it seems +pretty evident that in the article of food the labouring classes have +been the greatest gainers since 1687. + +Few things are more suggestive of queries--as everybody knows from +experience--than the products of culinary art. I will not, however, +further trespass on space which may be devoted to a more dignified +topic, than by submitting the following. + +_Query._--Does the phrase "to eat humble pie," used to signify a forced +humiliation, owe its origin to the "umble pye" specified above? + +J.T. HAMMACK + + * * * * * + +BISHOP BARNABY. + +Mr. Editor,--Legour asks, why the people in Suffolk call a lady-bird +"Bishop Barnaby?" + +I give the following from the late Major Moor's _Suffolk Words_. + + "Bishop-Barney. The golden bug. See Barnabee. In Tasser's _Ten + Unwelcome Guests in the Dairy_, he enumerates 'the Bishop that + burneth' (pp. 142. 144.), in an ambiguous way, which his + commentator does not render at all clear. I never heard of this + calumniated insect being an unwelcome guest in the dairy; but + Bishop-Barney, or Burney, and Barnabee, or Burnabee, and + Bishop-that-burneth, seem, in the absence of explanation to be + nearly related--in sound at any rate. Under _Barnabee_ it will + be seen that _burning_ has some connection with the history of + this pretty insect." + + "Barnabee," writes the Major, "the golden-bug, or lady-bird; + also Bishop-Barney: which see. This pretty little, and very + useful insect, is tenderly regarded by our children. One + settling on a child is always sent away with this sad + valediction:-- + + "Gowden-bug, gowden-bug, fly away home, + Yar house is bahnt deown and yar children all gone." + +To which I add another nursery doggerel less sad:-- + + "Bishop, Bishop-Barnabee, + Tell me when your wedding be, + If it be to-morrow day + Take your wings and fly away." + +The Major adds, "It is sure to fly off on the third repetition." + +"Burnt down," continues the Major, "gives great scope to our country +euphonic twang, altogether inexpressible in type; _bahnt deeyown_ comes +as near to it as my skill in orthography will allow." + +Ray, in his _South and East Country Words_, has this:-- + + "Bishop, the little spotted beetle, commonly called the lady-cow + or lady-bird. I have heard this insect in other places called + golden-knop, and doubtless in other countries it hath other + names. (_E. W._ p. 70) Golden-bugs the common Suffolk name." + +J.G. +Southwold, Nov. 16. 1849. + + * * * * * + +TRADE EDITIONS--COTTLE'S LIFE OF COLERIDGE. + +Sir,--In the 2nd vol. of Mr. Collier's valuable and interesting +_Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers' Company_, p. 28, is the +following entry:-- + + "Thos. Dason. Licensed unto him the praise of follie; to print + not above xv° of any impression, with this condition, that any + of the Company may laie on with him, reasonablie at every + impression, as they think good, and that he shall gyve + reasonable knowledge before to them as often as he shall print + it." + +This is both curious and important information as being, in all +probability, the earliest recorded instance of a custom still kept up +amongst booksellers, and which now passes under the designation of a +"Trade edition;" the meaning of which being, that the copyright, instead +of being the exclusive property of one person, is divided into shares +and held by several. There are Trade editions of such voluminous authors +as Shakspeare, Gibbon, Hume, and Robertson, for instance; and Alison's +_Europe_, if published half a century back, might in all probability +have been added to the list. The difference between the ancient and the +modern usage appears to be this, that formerly when the type was set up +for an edition "any of the company may laie on, (these two last words +are still technically used by printers for supplying type with paper,) +reasonablie at every impression," &c.; in other words, may print as many +copies from the type "as they think good;" whereas now, the edition is +first printed, and then the allotment of the copies, and the actual cost +of them is made, according to the number of shares. + +If this is a "Note" worth registering, it is much at your service, +whilst for a "Query," I should be very glad to be informed, when a very +able review, the date of which I neglected {56} to make at the time, +appeared in the _Times_ newspaper, of the 2nd edition of Cottle's _Life +of Coleridge_. + +With many good wishes for the success of your register, + +I remain, &c. + +JOHN MILAND. + + * * * * * + +DIBDIN'S TYPOGRAPHICAL ANTIQUITIES. + +Sir,--I am very glad to have elicited the information contained in your +number just published respecting the copy of Borde's work in the Chetham +Library. As I have a great respect for Mr. Ames, I must remark that he +had no share in the blunder, and whenever a new edition of his work is +undertaken, it will be well to look rather curiously into the +enlargements of Dibdin. In the mean time this information naturally +leads to another Query--or rather, to more than one--namely, "_Had_ Mr. +Bindley's copy this unique imprint? and what became of it at the sale +of his books? or is it only one of the imaginary editions which give +bibliographers so much trouble?" Perhaps some one of your correspondents +may be able to give information. + +Yours, &c. + +S.R. MAITLAND. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES ANSWERED, NO. 2 + +MADOC THE SON OF OWEN GWYNED. + +The student who confines himself to a single question, may fairly expect +a prompt and precise answer. To ask for general information on a +particular subject, may be a less successful experiment. Who undertakes +extensive research except for an especial purpose? Who can so far +confide in his memory as to append his name to a list of authorities +without seeming to prove his own superficiality? I throw out these ideas +for consideration, just as they arise; but neither wish to repress the +curiosity of _querists_, nor to prescribe bounds to the communicative +disposition of _respondents_. + +Did Madoc, son of Owen Gwynedd, prince of Wales, discover America? +Stimulated by the importance of the question, and accustomed to admire +the spirit of maritime enterprise, at whatever period it may have been +called into action, I have sometimes reflected on this debatable +point--but can neither affirm nor deny it. + +I advise the _student_, as a preliminary step to the inquiry, to attempt +a collection of all the accessible evidence, historical and +ethnographic, and to place the materials which pertain to each class in +the order of time. The historical evidence exists, I believe +exclusively, in the works of the chroniclers and bards of Wales; and the +ethnographic evidence in the narratives of travellers in America. The +opinions of modern writers, the gifted author of _Madoc_ not excepted, +he is at liberty to consider as _hors-d'oeuere_--to be passed on, or +tasted, _à plaisir_. As an exemplification of this plan, I submit some +short extracts, with critical remarks:-- + + "Madoc another of Owen Gwyneth his sonnes left the land + [North-Wales] in contention betwixt his brethren, and prepared + certaine ships with men and munition, and sought adventures by + seas, sailing west, and leaving the coast of Ireland so far + north, that he came to a land unknowen, where he saw manie + strange things."--CARADOC OF LLANCARVAN, _continued--The + historie of Cambria_, 1584. 4º. p. 227. + + [The history of Caradoc ends with A.D. 1156. The continuation, + to the year 1270, is ascribed by Powel, the editor of the + volume, to the monks of Conway and Stratflur.] + + Carmina Meredith filii Rhesi [Meredydd ab Rhys] mentionem + facientia de Madoco filio Oweni Gwynedd, et de suâ navigatione + in terras incognitas. Vixit hic Meredith circiter annum Domini + 1477. + + Madoc wyf, mwyedic wedd, + Iawn genau, Owen Gwynedd; + Ni fynnum dir, fy enaid oedd, + Na da mawr, ond y moroedd. + + _The same in English._ + + Madoc I am the sonne of Owen Gwynedd + With stature large, and comely grace adorned; + No lands at home nor store of wealth me please, + My minde was whole to searche the ocean seas. + + "These verses I received of my learned friend M. William + Camden." _Richard Hakluyt_, 1589. + + [The eulogy of Meredydd ab Rhys is very indefinite, but deserves + notice on account of its early date. He "flourished," says W. + Owen, "between A.D. 1430 and 1460."] + + "This land must needs be some part of that countrie of which the + Spaniardes affirme themselves to be the first finders sith + Hannos time; ... Whereupon it is manifest, that that countrie + was long before by Brytaines discouered, afore either Columbus + or Americus Vespatius lead anie Spaniardes thither. Of the viage + and returne of this Madoc there be _manie fables fained_, as the + common people doo use in distance of place {57} and length of + time rather to augment than to diminish: but sure it is, that + there he was."--HUMFREY LHOYD, _Additions to the Historie of + Cambria_, p. 228. + + [Lhoyd, who translated the history of Caradoc, and made + considerable additions to it, died in 1568. He mentions the + second voyage of Madoc, but cites no authority.] + + "This Madoc arriving in that westerne countrie, unto the which + he came, in the year 1170, left most of his people there: and + returning backe for more of his owne nation, acquaintance and + freends, to inhabite that faire and large countrie: went thither + againe with ten sailes, as I find noted by Gutyn Owen. I am of + opinion that the land, wherevnto he came, was some part of + Mexico:" etc.--David Powel, S.T.P., note in _The historie of + Cambria_, 1584. 4°. p. 229. + + [The learned Powel relies on the authority of the poet Gutyn + Owen. "He wrote," says W. Owen, "between A.D. 1460 and + 1490"--three centuries after the event in question!] + + _Ethnographic evidence._ + + "They came [anno 1536] to part of the West Indies about Cape + Breton, shaping their course thence north-eastwards, vntill they + camme to the Island of Penguin," etc.--The voyage of master + Hore, in _The principall navigations_, etc. 1589. Fol. + + [Antiquaries consider the mention of _Cape Breton_ and _Penguin + Island_ as evidence. It cannot prove much, as the particulars + were not committed to writing till about half-a-century after + the voyage.] + + "There is also another kinde of foule in that countrey [between + the Gulf of Mexico and Cape Breton] ... they have white heads, + and therefore the country men call them _penguins_ (which + seemeth to be a Welsh nanme). And _they have also in use divers + other Welsh words, a matter worthy the noting_."--The relation + of David Ingram, 1568. in _The principall navigations_, etc. + 1589. Fol. + + [This narrative was compiled from answers to certain + _queries_--perhaps twenty years after the events related.] + + "Afterwards [anno 1669] they [The Doeg Indians] carried us to + their town, and entertained us civilly for four months; and I + did converse with them of many things in the British tongue, and + _did preach to them three times a week in the British tongue_," + etc. Rev. Morgan Jones, 1686.--_British Remains_, 1777. 8°. + + [The editor omits to state how he procured the manuscript. The + paper whence the above is extracted is either decisive of the + question at issue, or a forgery.] + +The _student_ may infer, even from these imperfect hints, that I +consider the subject which he proposes to himself as one which deserves +a strict investigation--provided the collections hereafter described +have ceased to be in existence. + + "With respect to this extraordinary occurence in the history of + Wales, I have collected a multitude of evidences, in conjunction + with Edward Williams, the bard, to prove that Madog must have + reached the American continent; for the descendants of him and + his followers exist there as a nation to this day; and the + present position of which is on the southern branches of the + Missouri river, under the appellations of Padoucas, White + Indians, Civilized Indians, and Welsh Indians."--_William Owen_, + F.A.S. 1803. + +The title prefixed to this paper would be a misnomer, if I did not add a +list of books which it may be desirable to consult:-- + + _On the Scandinavian discoveries._--Mémoires de la société + royale des antiquaires du Nord. 1836-1839. _Copenhague._ 8°. p. + 27.--Historia Vinlandiæ Antiquæ, seu partis Americæ + septentrionalis--per Thormodum Terfæum. _Haviniæ_, 1705. 8°. + 1715. 8°--Antiquitates Americanæ, sive scriptores + septentrionales rerum Ante-Columbianarum in America. _Hafniæ_, + 1837. 4°. + + _On the Welsh discoveries._--The historie of Cambria, now called + Wales--continued by David Powel. _London_, 1584. 4°. The + Myvyrian archaiology of Wales, _London_, 1801-7. 8°. 3 vol. + British remains, by the Rev. N. Owen, A.M. _London_, 1777. 8°. + The Cambrian biography, by William Owen, F.A.S. _London_, 1803. + 8°. Biblithèque Américaine, par H. Ternaux. _Paris_, 1837. 8°. + The principall navigations, voiages and discoveries of the + English nation--by Richard Hakluyt, M.A. _London_, 1589. fol. + +BOLTON CORNEY. + + * * * * * + +MADOC--HIS EXPEDITION TO AMERICA. + +Dr. Plott, in his account, and Lord Monboddo, _Origin and Progress of +Language_, refer to the _Travels of Herbert_ (17th century), lib. iii. +cap. ult., for a full history of this supposed discovery. They derived +it from Meredyth ap Rhys, Gatty Owen, and Cynfyn ap Gronow, A.D. +1478-80. See also _Atheneaum_, Aug. 19. 1848.--Professor Elton's address +at the meeting of the British Association, on this and the earlier +Icelandic discovery. + +The belief in the story has been lately renewed. See _Archæologia +Cambrens_, 4. 65., and _L'Acadie_, by Sir J.E. Alexander, 1849. I will +only observe that in Dr. Plott's account, Madoc was directed by the +_best compass_, and this in 1170! See M'Culloch's _Dictionary of +Commerce_. + +ANGLO-CAMBRIAN. + + * * * * * {58} + +MADOC'S EXPEDITION. + +A traveller informs us that Baron A. von Humboldt urges further search +after this expedition in the Welsh records. He thinks the passage is in +the _Examin Critique_. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES + +"CLOUDS" OR SHROUDS, IN SHAKESPEARE. + +I quite agree with your correspondent D.N.R., that there never has been +an editor of Shakespeare capable of doing him full justice. I will go +farther and say, that there never will be an editor capable of doing him +any thing like justice. I am the most "modern editor" of Shakespeare, +and I am the last to pretend that I am at all capable of doing him +justice: I should be ashamed of myself if I entertained a notion so +ridiculously presumptuous. What I intended was to do him all the justice +in my power, and that I accomplished, however imperfectly. It struck me +that the best mode of attempting to do him any justice was to take the +utmost pains to restore his text to the state in which he left it; and +give me leave, very humbly, to say that this is the chief recommendation +of the edition I superintended through the press, having collated every +line, syllable, and letter, with every known old copy. For this purpose +I saw, consulted and compared every quarto and every folio impression in +the British Museum, at Oxford, at Cambridge, in the libraries of the +Duke of Devonshire and Lord Ellesmere, and in several private +collections. If my edition have no other merit, I venture to assert that +it has this. It was a work of great labour, but it was a work also of +sincere love. It is my boast, and my only boast, that I have restored +the text of Shakespeare, as nearly as possible, to the integrity of the +old copies. + +When your correspondent complains, therefore, that in "Hen. IV. Part 2," +Act III. sc. 1., in the line, + + "With deafening clamours in the slippery clouds," + +the word _shrouds_ is not substituted by editors of Shakespeare for +"clouds," the answer is, that not a single old copy warrants the merely +fanciful emendation, and that it is not at all required by the sense of +the passage. In the 4to of 1600, and in the folio of 1623, the word is +"clouds;" and he must be a very bold editor (in my opinion little +capable of doing justice to any author), who would substitute his own +imaginary improvement, for what we have every reason to believe is the +genuine text. _Shrouds_ instead of "clouds" is a merely imaginary +improvement, supported by no authority, and (as, indeed, your +correspondent shows) without the merit of originality. I am for the text +of Shakespeare as he left it, and as we find it in the most authentic +representations of his mind and meaning. + +J. PAYNE COLLIER. + + * * * * * + +MEDAL OF THE PRETENDER. + +Sir,--Possibly some one of your literary correspondents, who may be +versed in the, what D'Israeli would call _Secret_ History of the +Jacobite Court, will endeavour to answer a "Query" relative to the +following rare medal:-- + + _Obv._ A ship of war bearing the French flag; on the shore a + figure in the dress of a Jesuit (supposed to represent Father + Petre) seated astride of a _Lobster_, holding in his arms the + young Prince of Wales, who has a little windmill on his head. + Legend: "Allons mon Prince, nous sommes en bon chemin." In the + exergue, "Jacc: Franç: Eduard, supposé. 20 Juin, 1688." + + _Rev._ A shield charged with a windmill, and surmounted by a + Jesuit's bonnet; two rows of Beads or Rosaries, for an order or + collar, within which we read "Honny soit qui _non_ y pense;" a + _Lobster_ is suspended from the collar as a badge. Legend: "Les + Armes et l'Ordre du pretendu Prince de Galles." + +The difficulty in the above medal is _the Lobster_, though doubtless it +had an allusion to some topic or scandal of the day; whoever can +elucidate it will render good service to Medallic History, for hitherto +it has baffled all commentators and collectors of medals. The windmill +(indicative of the poplar fable that the Prince was the son of a +miller), and the Roman Catholic symbols, are well understood. + +There is an engraving of this medal in Van Loon's _Histoire Metallique +des Pays Bas_. It is also imperfectly engraved in Edwards' _Medallic +History of England_, for the Jesuit is represented kneeling on the +shore, and Pinkerton, who furnished the text, calls it "a boy kneeling +on the shore." The medal is so rare that probably the artist could +obtain only a rubbed or mutilated impression to engrave from. My +description is from a {59} specimen, in my own collection, as fine as +the day it was minted. + +I may add that both Van Loon and Pinkerton have engraved the legend in +the collar erroneously, "honi soit qui _bon_ y pense;" it should be +"_non_." + +B. NIGHTINGALE. + + * * * * * + +ROGER DE COVERLEY. + +In the _Spectator's_ description of Sir Roger de Coverley it is said, +"that his great-grandfather was the inventor of that famous country +dance which is called after him." To the tune, as printed in Chappell's +_English Melodies_, is appended a note to the effect that it was called +after "Roger of Coverley" (Cowley, near Oxford). + +Can any one inform me-- + +I. Where any notice of that Roger is to be found? + +II. What is the etymon of "Cowley" (Temple Cowley and Church Cowley)? + +III. If any notice of the tune is to be met with earlier than 1695, when +it was printed by H. Playford in his _Dancing Master_? + +W. + + * * * * * + +HISTORY OF LANDED AND COMMERCIAL POLICY OF ENGLAND--HISTORY OF EDWARD +II. + +Who was the author of the two following works?--"Remarks upon the +History of the Landed and Commercial Policy of England, from the +Invasion of the Romans to the Accession of James I. 2 vols. London: +printed for E. Brooke, in Bell Yard, Temple Bar, MDCCLXXXV." + +"The History of the Life, Reign, and Death of Edward II, King of England +and Lord of Ireland, with the Rise and Fall of his great Favourites, +Gaveston and the Spencers. Written by E.F. in the year 1627, and printed +verbatim from the original. London: Printed by J.C. for Charles Harper, +at the Flower-de-Luce in Fleet St.; Samuel Crouch, at the Princes' Arms, +in Pope's head Alley in Cornhill; and Thomas Fox, at the Angel in +Westminster Hall, 1680. (a portrait of Ed. II.)" In the 1st vol. Harl. +Miscell. it is said that the above was found with the papers of the +first Lord Falkland, and is attributed to him. My copy has Faulconbridge +inserted in MS. over the F., and a book plate of Earl Verney, motto +"_Prodesse quam conspici_," with an escutcheon of pretence. + +ANGLO-CAMBRIAN + + * * * * * + +THE REVEREND THOMAS LEMAN. + +Mr. Editor,--Amongst the later authorities on subjects of British-Roman +antiquity, the Rev. Thomas Leman is constantly referred to, and in terms +of great commendation. + +Can you inform me whether that gentleman published any work or made an +avowed communication of any of his researches? His name is not found in +the Index to the _Archæologia_. + +Mr. Leman contributed largely to Mr. Hatcher's edition of _Richard of +Cirencester_; but it is one of the unsatisfactory circumstances of this +work that these contributions, and whatever may have been derived from +the late Bishop of Cloyne, are merely acknowledged in general terms, and +are not distinguished as they occur. + +I believe the MS. of the work was all in Mr. Hatcher's handwriting; some +of your readers may possibly have the means of knowing in what way he +used the materials thus given, or to what extent they were adapted or +annotated by himself. + +A.T. +Coleman Street, Nov. 13. + + * * * * * + +GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. + +Sir,--Will any of your readers favour me with an account of the origin, +as well as the date of introduction, of the term "_Gothic_," as applied +to the Pointed Styles of Ecclesiastical Architecture? + +This Query is, of course, intimately connected with the much-disputed +question of the origin of the Pointed Style itself. But yet I imagine +that the _application_ of the term "_Gothic_" may be found to be quite +distinct, in its origin, from the first rise of the Pointed Arch. The +invention of the Pointed Arch cannot, surely, be attributed to the +_Goths_; whence then the origin and the _meaning_ of the term _Gothic_? + +R. VINCENT. +Winchester, Nov. 12. + + * * * * * + +KATHERINE PEGG. + +Sir,--I think you may safely add Pepys's _Diary_ to the list of books in +illustration of which you are willing to receive both Queries and +Answers. There is not a passage in the _Diary_ that does not deserve to +be understood. {60} + +At vol. iv. p. 435. of the new edition is the following entry:-- + + "7 May, 1668. Here [at the King's Theatre] I did kiss the pretty + woman newly come, called Pegg, that was Sir Charles Sedley's + mistress, a mighty pretty woman, and seems (but is not) modest." + +On this Lord Braybrooke has the following note:-- + + "Pegg must have been Margaret Hughes, Prince Rupert's mistress, + who had probably before that time lived with Sir Charles + Sedley." + +And then follows some account of Mrs. Hughes. But, _query_, was the +"Pegg" of the _Diary_, Peg Hughes? was she not rather as I belived her +to have been, Katherine Pegg, by whom king Charles II. had a son, +Charles Fitz-Charles, created Earl of Plymouth, 29th July, 1675, died +1680? + +Katherine Pegg has escaped Lord Braybrooke. Can any of your +correspondents tell me who she was? + +PETER CUNNINGHAM + + * * * * * + +QUERIES IN MEDIÆVAL GEOGRAPHY. + +What are the modern names of "Watewich," "Portum Pusillum," "Mare de +Saham," "Perpessa," and "Northmuth?" They are not to be found in +Ferrario's _Lexicon_ (a geographical dictionary so defective that it has +not even the Latin name for Aix-la-Chapelle), nor in Baudrand's _Lexicon +Geographicum_ (a good dictionary for the mediæval Latin names in France, +but not so perfect as the _Index Geographicum_ attached to the volumes +of Bouquet), nor in Martiniere's _Grande Dictionnarie Geographique_, nor +in the Index to Wright's _Courthand_, a miserable and imperfect +compilation. + + [These Queries are addressed to our correspondents in a very + flattering review of "NOTES AND QUERIES" which appeared in the + _Morning Herald_ of the 16th of November, and we shall be very + glad to receive such answers to all or any of them as it may be + in the power of any of our friends to supply.] + + * * * * * + +MYLES BLOOMFYLDE AND WILLIAM BLOMEFIELD'S METRICAL WRITINGS ON ALCHYMY. + +Sir,--I have had intrusted to me a MS. metrical book on Alchymy, +"written by me Myles Bloomefylde, late of Bury Saynes Edmunde in ye +Countye of Suffolke, Physytione;" but I can find no account of the +author. Worton, Ritson, and Tanner, mention a "William Blomefield, born +at Bury. Bachelor in Physic and a Monk of Bury," who wrote _inter alia_ +a metrical work called _Bloomefield's Blossoms, or the Camp of +Philosophy_. + +Were there two metrical writers on alchymy of the name Bloomfield, temp. +Eliz. and connected with Bury? + +BURIENSIS. + + [The following Note by Park, which first appeared in the Edition + of Wharton published in 1840, iii., p. 83., coupled with the + fact that William Blomefield is described as a Bachelor of + Physic, would seem to show that there is but one writer, whose + proper name is not William, but Myles: "From Ashmole's _Notes on + Theatrum Chemicum_, 1652. p. 478., it seems doubtful whether his + name was not Myles."] + + * * * * * + +THYNNE'S COLLECTION OF CHANCELLORS. + +Mr. Editor,--Can any of your correspondents inform me who was the +"streict laced" gaoler of the records, alluded to in the following +passage in the _Collection of Chancellors of England_, by Francis +Thynne, inserted in Holinshed (ed. 1808) iv. 351. + + "John, Chancellor of England in the time of king Henrie the + second, but what he was or in what yeare of king Henrie he lived + I doo not know, and therefore leave it to _him that both can and + ought to give life_ to these persons whom he imprisoneth in the + east castell of London; not doubting but in time he will doo his + countrie good, and correct other men; though _now he be so + streict laced_, as that he will not procure anie furtherance of + other men's trauels." + +[Greek: S.] + + * * * * * + +COLD HARBOUR + +Mr. Editor,--In examining the Ordnance Survey of Kent, I was quite +surprised at the recurrence of the name "Cold Harbour;" and again, in +Wyld's Map of London in 1550. + +I believe the point has been explained before, but perhaps some of your +readers could give some information as to its origin. + +G.H.B. + +Nov. 8. 1849. + + [The Society of Antiquaries was a good deal occupied, we + scarcely know whether we may say interested, in the question + raised by our correspondent, during the last session: and + considerable {61} information upon the subject will be found in + the published _Proceedings_ of the Society, and in the last part + of the _Archæologia_. We should like to know whether there are + _Cold Harbours_ in _every_ county in England. Mr. Hartshorne + published a long list in his _Salopia Antiqua_. If our + correspondents can give us any addition to that list, they will + be acceptable. We are aware that there are several in Kent.] + + * * * * * + +STATISTICS OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. + +Mr. Editor,--If any reader of your valuable and much-needed periodical +can, through its medium, supply me with the title of some recent and +authentic work containing _Statistics_ of the Roman Catholic +Church--e.g. the number of its members, or reputed members, in the +different European States; the number and temporalities of its sees, +clergy, &c.--he will confer on me a great obligation; one which it will +be a pleasure to me to repay to some other "Querist," should it lie +within my power to supply any desired information, in my turn. Your +faithful servant, + +E.E. + + * * * * * + +INCUMBENTS OF CHURCH LIVINGS. + +Sir,--perhaps some of the readers of your useful publication could +inform me where I can find the _name_ and _birth-place_ of incumbents of +church livings prior to 1680, and the patrons of them. Your well-wisher, + +L. + + * * * * * + +THE CURSE OF SCOTLAND--WHY IS THE NINE OF DIAMONDS SO CALLED? + +I shall be obliged to any of your correspondents who will inform me why +the Nine of Diamonds is called the curse of Scotland. I have heard two +causes assigned. One, that the Duke of Cumberland, on the field after +the battle of Culloden, wrote upon the back of this card a very cruel +and inhuman order for the destruction of the persons and property of the +rebels. This cannot be true, for I have in my possession a print +entitled "Britons Association against the Pope's Bulls." In it the young +Pretender or prince is represented attempting to lead across the Tweed a +herd of bulls laden with curses, excommunications, indulgences, &c. &c. +&c. On the ground before them lies the Nine of Diamonds. This print is +dated Oct. 21. 1745, some months previous to the battle of Culloden. + +The other cause assigned is, that the nine lozenges with which the +saltire is charged in the armorial bearings of the Earl of Stair, are so +arranged as to resemble the nine of diamonds, which was called the curse +of Scotland, from the active part taken by that Earl in promoting the +Union, which was most unpopular in Scotland. I cannot positively deny +that the card in question owes its evil name to this cause, but I am not +aware that the Earl of Stair was so conspicuously active as to occasion +his being peculiarly selected as an object of popular aversion on that +account. He was indeed a commissioner for drawing up the articles of the +union, and he was sent ambassador to the court of Louis XIV. chiefly for +the purpose of watching the proceedings of the Jacobites; these +circumstances may have added to the odium which attached to his name +from the part which was taken by his predecessor, who was Secretary for +Scotland, and was charged with having exceeded his authority in ordering +the massacre of Glencoe. + +EDW. HAWKINS. + +Nov. 12. 1849 + + [We would add to Mr. Hawkins's Query, another, viz.: What is the + earliest known instance of the card in question being so + designated? For it is clear, if such was the case before the + Union, the second explanation is as little satisfactory as the + first.] + + * * * * * + +NOTES OF BOOK SALES--CATALOGUES, ETC. + +The collectors of British portraits--and there are doubtless many such +among our readers--will shortly have such an opportunity of enriching +their portfolios as rarely presents itself. Messrs. Sotheby and Co. +commence, on the 3rd of December, the sale of the second portion of the +important and valuable stock of prints belonging to the well-known and +eminent printsellers, Messrs. W. and G. Smith, whose shop in Lisle +Street, Leicester Square, has been for so many years the favourite +resort of all who were in search of the rare and curious in calcographic +art. Messrs. Sotheby describe the present Sale as "comprising one of the +most numerous and interesting collections of British Historical +Portraits ever offered for sale;" and the following Lots, which exhibit +specimens of the rarities it contains, justify their statement. + +33 ARCHIBALD EARL OF ARGYLL, by _Loggan, first state, before the +inscription round the oval_, VERY FINE AND RARE. + +56 SIR WM. ASHURST, _Lord Mayor of London, 1694, after Linton, by R. +White_, VERY FINE AND RARE. {62} + +59 SLINGSBY BETHELL, ONE OF THE SHERIFFS OF LONDON, &c. 1680, _whole +length, W. Sherwin sculpt., sold by S. Lee, at the Feathers in Lumbert +Street_, VERY FINE AND EXTREMELY RARE. + +130 SIR RICHARD RAINSFORD, _Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, +mezzotint after Claret, R. Tompson excudit_, MOST BRILLIANT AND VERY +RARE. + +160 JAMES THE FORTH, KING OF SCOTLAND, _holding a flower in his hand, +sold by Compton Holland_, EXTREMELY FINE AND VERY RARE. + +176 FREDERICK KING OF BOHEMIA, _half length, standing under an arch, +four Latin lines beneath, no engraver's name_, VERY FINE AND EXTREMELY +RARE. + +184 CHARLES LEWIS, COUNT PALATINE OF THE RHINE, son of the King of +Bohemia, on horseback, with a view of London beyond him; circles +containing the dates of the births of his brothers and sisters at the +top on the left, eight English lines beneath: _a most interesting and +rare print_, BRILLIANT IMPRESSION, AND IN THE MOST PERFECT CONDITION. + +328 SIR JOHN FENWICK, _of Fenwick Castle, in the Country of +Northumberland, executed in 1696, on suspicion of being engaged in a +plot to assassinate William III., after Wissing, by White_, VERY FINE +AND EXTREMELY RARE. + +244 THOMAS CARTWRIGHT, _Bishop of Chester, after Soust, by Becket_, VERY +FINE AND RARE. + +262 JOHN DOLBEN, BISHOP OF ROCHESTER, JOHN FELL, BISHOP OF OXFORD, AND +DR. RICHARD ALLESTRY, _called by Charles II_. CHIPLEY, CHOPLEY, CHEPLEY, +_from the picture in Christchurch Hall, by Sir P. Lely, D. Loggan +excudit_, BRILLIANT PROOF, AND EXTREMELY RARE. + +304 SIR HENRY CHAUNCEY, _the historian of Hertfordshire, by J. Suvage, +fine and rare_. + +365 GEORGE GORDAN, MARQUIS OF HUSTLEY, by _Sauvè_, FINE AND EXTREMELY +RARE. + +374 ROBERT SIDNEY, EARL OF LEICESTER, by _Simon Passe, sold by Sudbury +and Humble_, VERY FINE AND RARE. + +375 ROBERT BERTIE, EARL OF LINDSEY, after _Geldorp_, by _Voerst_, +BRILLIANT AND VERY RARE. + +558 ISAAC MILERS, by _Vertue, first state, before the alterations of the +arms and inscription, very fine and rare; and the same, in the ordinary +state_. + +661 THOMAS THYNN OF LONG LEATE, _murdered in Pall Mall 1682, after +Kneller, by White_, VERY FINE AND RARE. + +662 THOMAS THYNN, _mezzotint after Lely, sold by A. Browne_, VERY FINE +AND RARE. + +997 LOUISE DUCHESS OF PORTSMOUTH, _with her son as Cupid, after Gascar, +by Baudet_, VERY FINE AND EXTREMELY RARE, _from Mr. Ord's collection, at +the sale of which it produced 8£. 12s. 6d._ + +1000 LOUISE DUCHESS OF PORTSMOUTH, _reclining on a couch, oblong +mezzotint_, FINE PROOF BEFORE AND LETTERS, AND EXTREMELY RARE. + +1048 _Hobson and the Cambridge Carrier, Author of "Hobson's Choice," by +J. Payne, two states, very fine and rare_. + +1201 JOHN FREDERICK, Elector of Saxony, playing at chess with Ernest +Duke of Brunswick, at the moment when Charles V. sent the warrant for +his execution, A MOST CURIOUS AND INTERESTING HISTORICAL PRINT, AND +EXTREMELY RARE. + +1209 ERASMUS, _sitting with a book before him_, by F. HOGENBERG, _H. +COCK excudebat_, 1555, VERY FINE AND RARE, &C. + +We have also received:-- + + "A Catalogue of English and Foreign Theology, including some of + the rarest works of our early English Divines; nearly a complete + series of the Fathers of the Church; the various Councils and + most important Ecclesiastical Historians, Liturgical writers, + &c." issued by Leslie, of 58. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn, + which is one which will greatly interest all readers of the + peculiar class to whom it is more particularly addressed. + +The same may be said of the excellent "Catalogue of Old and New Books +(Part CIV)," just delivered by Petheramm of 94. High Holborn: which, in +addition to theological works, exhibits many valuable productions in +historical and general literature. + +Bernard Quarritch's "Catalogue of Foreign Books and Classics, selling at +16. Castle Street, Leicester Square," well deserves the attention of +philologists. It is rich, not only in works illustrative of the Oriental +languages and literature, but also in those of Germany and Scandinavia. +Indeed, it is one which should be looked into by all students of foreign +literature. + +Some curious articles, more especially in early Italian and French +literature, and on the subject of Alchymy, Astrology, Magic, &c., will +be found in a "Catalogue of Interesting and Rare Books on sale, by +George Bumstead, No. 205. High Holborn." + +William Nield, 46. Burlington Arcade is, we believe a new candidate for +the favours of the purchasers of old books. His first Catalogue contains +some curious Articles in the departments of Demonology and Witchcraft; a +few varieties belonging to the "Marprelate" class such as "Penri's +Exhortation;" and a fine collection of Classical Music. + +Lastly, let us mention what cannot but interest many reader of "NOTES +AND QUERIES," that Mr. Lumley, of 56. Chancery Lane, having purchased +the stock of Society of Antiquaries' publications has divided the +volumes of the Archælogia, and has just put forth a Catalogue of the +separate papers, which are for sale, and of which he says very truly, +"their value cannot be disputed," and they are "now for the first time +offered thus to the Public." + + * * * * * {63} + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +BURNEY'S TREATISE ON MUSIC (not his History). + +GRAY'S ELEGY (PROFESSOR YOUNG OF GLASGOW'S CRITISCISM OF). + +LIFE OF HON. ROBERT PRICE, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. London. +1734. + +FLORES BERNARDI. + +REGNORUM, PROVINCIARUM, CIVITATUMQUE NOMINA LATINA (CORONELLI, POTIUS +ALPHONSUS LASOR A VAREA). Fol. 2 Vols. Venet. 1716. Or the 2nd Vol. +only. + +BUDDEN'S DISCOURSE FOR PARENTS' HONOUR AND AUTHORITIE. 8vo. 1666. + +THE TWO WOLVES IN LAMB'S SKINS, OR OLD ELI'S LAMENTATION OVER HIS TWO +SONS. 8vo. 1716. + +AVERELL'S FOUR NOTABLE HISTORIES, ETC. 4to. 1590. + +NATURE, A POEM. Folio. 1736. + +BARNEFIELD'S PLOWMAN'S COMPLAINT. 4to. 1580. + +GILL'S INSTRUCTIONS FOR CHILDREN, in Verse. 1709. + +JERMIN'S FATHER'S INSTITUTION OF HIS CHILD. 1658. + +PASSIONAEL EPTE DAT LEVENT DER HELLIG N. Folio. Basil. MDXXII. + +Odd Volumes + +SOUTHEY'S COWPER. Vols. X. XII. XIII. XIV. + +CAIRN'S EDITION OF GOLDSMITH'S MISCELLANEOUS WORKS. Edinburgh. 1801. +Vol. III. + +SHAKSPEARE'S DRAMATIC WORKS.--The _Fourth_ Volume of WHITTINGHAM'S +Edition, in 7 vols. 24mo. Chiswick. 1814. + +COOPER'S (C.P.) ACCOUNT OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PUBLIC RECORDS. 8vo. +1832.--The First Volume of + +LIVY.--Vol. I. of Crevier's Edition. 6 vols. 4to. Paris. 1739. + +Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +_The matter is so generally understood with regard to the management of +periodical works, that it is hardly necessary for the Editor to say +that_ HE CANNOT UNDERTAKE TO RETURN MANUSCRIPTS; _but on one point he +wishes to offer a few words of explanation to his correspondents in +general, and particularly to those who do not enable him to communicate +with them except in print. They will see, on a very little reflection, +that it is plainly his interest to take all he can get, and make the +most, and the best of everything; and therefore he begs them to take for +granted that their communications are received, and appreciated, even if +the succeeding Number bears no proof of it. He is convinced that the +want of specific acknowledgment will only be felt by those who have no +idea of the labour and difficulty attendant on the hurried management of +such a work, and of the impossibility of sometimes giving an explanation +when there really is one which would quite satisfy the writer, for the +delay or non-insertion of his communication. Correspondents in such +cases have no reason, and if they understood an editor's position they +would feel that they have no right, to consider themselves undervalued; +but nothing short of personal experience in editorship would explain to +them the perplexities and evil consequences arising from an opposite +course_. + + * * * * * + +_Surely_ MELANION _is too hard upon our correspondents and too_ exigeant +_towards ourselves. He would place us in a singular position. He should +consider that we have not opened lists for all comers to tilt against +each other. We invite_ litterateurs _to a_ re-union, _in which they may +give and receive mutual help and aid; but, in order to do so, they must +tolerate each others' little peculiarities, and not espy offence in +them_. + +_The Index so kindly offered by_ MELANION _is declined with many +thanks_. + +_Answers to several outstanding Queries in our next_. + +COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVED.--_W.--A Subscriber--F.G.S.--Rev. L.B. +Larking.--J.J.S.--J. Britton.--T.G.--V.--S.W.S.--C.B.--R.J.S.-- +Melanion.--W.L.--C.A.H.--Anglo-Cambrian--T. De Sternberg.--Q.X.Z.-- +A.J.E.--Q.D.--F.F.B.--Scotus.--R.D.--P.--Cecil Moore.--A Hapless +Hunter.--E.--C.H.D.--Q.Q.--P.C.S.S.--J.R.P.--X.X.X.--G.J.K.--F.R.A_. + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED.--_We believe that this will prove one of +the most useful divisions of our weekly Sheet. Gentlemen who may be +unable to meet with any book or volume of which they are in want may, +upon furnishing name, date, size, &c., have it inserted in this List_ +free of cost. _Persons having such volumes to dispose of are requested +to send reports of price, &c., to Mr. Bell, our Publisher_. + +_We have received many complaints of a difficulty in procuring our +paper. Every Bookseller and Newsvendor will supply it_ if ordered, _and +gentlemen residing in the country may be supplied regularly with the +Stamped Edition by giving their orders direct to the publisher_, Mr. +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street, _accompanied by a Post Office order for +a quarter_ (4s. 4d.). _All communications should be addressed_ To the +Editor of "NOTES and QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Vols. I. and II. 8vo. Price 28s. cloth. + +THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND; from +the time of the Conquest. + +By Edward Foss, F.S.A. + +"It supplies what was much wanted--a regular and progressive account of +English legal institutions. The result is a correction of many errors, +an addition of much new information, and a better general view of our +strictly legal history than any other jurist, historian, or biographer +had heretofore attempted to give."--_Examiner._ + +LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + * * * * * {64} + +Just published, Part II., containing 10 Plates, 5s. Plain, 7s. 6d., +coloured, to be completed in three or four Parts. + +ANTIQUARIAN GLEANINGS in the NORTH of ENGLAND: being Examples of Antique +Furniture, Plate, Church Decorations, Objects of Historical Interest, +&c. Drawn and Etched by W.B. SCOTT. + +"A collection of Antiquarian Relics, chiefly in the Decorative branch of +Art, preserved in the Northern Counties, portrayed by a very competent +hand. Many of the objects possess considerable interest; such as the +chair of the Venerable Bede, Cromwell's sword and watch, and the +grace-cup of Thomas à Becket. All are drawn with that distinctness which +makes them available for the Antiquarian, for the Artist who is studying +Costume, and for the study of Decorative Art."--_Spectator._ + +8vo. cloth, price 12s., with a Coloured Plate of King Alfred's Jewel. + +THE LIFE and TIMES of ALFRED the GREAT. By the Rev. J.A. GILES, D.C.L., +late Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, Author of "The History of +the Ancient Britons," &c. + +"A useful volume, as collecting into one view all the facts that are +known respecting the Life of Alfred, exhibiting the various opinions on +disputed points, and containing a very fair, sensible summing up by the +biographer."--_Spectator._ + +Two vols., 8vo, 30s. + +HISTORY of the ANCIENT BRITONS, from the Earliest Period to the Invasion +of the Saxons Compiled from the Original Authorities. By the Rev. J.A. +GILES, D.C.L., late Fellow of C.C.C., Oxford. + +"The longer and more important passages are full and clear in matter, +always well presented, often in a masterly mode.... Dr. Giles is in +thorough possession of his materials and of his intention, which +produces the clearness that arises from mastery: and he exhibits the +same general _bon hommie_ and chronicler disposition for minute and +picturesque narrative which we noted in his life of Becket, with more of +a critical spirit."--_Spectator._ + +8vo. price 1s. 6d., with two Plates. + +A DESCRIPTION OF THE ROMAN THEATRE lately discovered at Verulam. By R. +GROVE LOWE, Esq. Read at the meeting of the St. Alban's Architectural +Society, April 12, 1848. + +8vo. sewed 1s. + +ON SOME ROMAN SEPULCHRAL REMAINS discovered in the Churchyard of St. +Stephen, near St. Alban's, Herts, A.D. 1848. Read at a meeting of the +St. Alban's Architectural Society, June 20, 1848. By MATTHEW HOLBECHE +BLOXAM. Published for the Society by GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; +WILLIAM LANGLEY, St. Alban's; and JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. + + * * * * * + +ARISTOTLE'S ETHICS. Literally translated into English. 8vo. bds. 5s.; +published at 10s. 6d. Oxford, 1846. + +ANCIENT GREECE. The History of the Manners and Customs of Ancient +Greece. By J.A. ST. JOHN, 3 vols. 8vo. boards, 15s.; published at 1l. +11s. 6d. 1842. + +TRAVELS IN THE MOREA. By W.M. LEAKE, F.R.S., with a Map and Plates. 3 +vols. 8vo. bds. 18s.; published at 2l. 5s. 1830. + +CALDERON DE LA BARCA, Las Comedias de. Por J.J. KEIL. Portrait, 4 vols, +royal 8vo. sewed, 1l. 5s. Leipsique, 1828. + +EDWARD STIBBS, 331. Strand, where also can be had on application his +Catalogues of Second Hand Books in all languages and subjects, viz. +Classics and Philology, Divinity, English and General Literature. + + * * * * * + +TRACTS FOR THE CHRISTIAN SEASONS. The First Part of a New Series of +Tracts for the Christian Seasons will be published on Saturday, December +1, containing a Tract for each Sunday in Advent. These Tracts illustrate +the Teaching of the Church, follow the order of the Christian Year, and +neither exceed nor fall short of the Teaching of the Prayer Book. + +The First Series is now complete in 4 vols. fcap. 8vo. and may be +ordered of all booksellers in the country. Oxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER; +and 337. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + +PICKERING'S LIBRARY EDITIONS. + +BUNYAN'S PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, 8vo. 10s. 6d. + +GEORGE HERBERT'S COMPLETE WORKS. 2 vols. 8vo. 21s. + +TAYLOR'S HOLY LIVING AND DYING. 2 vols. 8vo. 21s. + +The above Works are beautifully printed in large type, by Whittingham, +and are kept in appropriate bindings. + +WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS OF REFERENCE + +1. BIBLIOTHECA AUCTORUM CLASSICORUM. A complete Catalog of Classics. +8vo., 8s. + +2. BIBLIOTHECA ZOOLOGICA ET PALÆONTOLOGICA, 8vo. 1845. 12s. + +3. BIBLIOTHECA MEDICO-CHIRURGICA. 8vo. 1847. 7s. 6d. + +4. BIBLIOGRAPHIE BIOGRAPHIQUE. A reference to 27,000 works on Biography. +4to. boards. 2l. 10s. + +WILLIAMS and NORGATE will be happy to ANSWER ALL QUERIES respecting +German Books, and things relating thereunto, as far as their experience +and extensive works of reference enable them to do. + +WILLIAMS and NORGATE, 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186 Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, November 24, 1849. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 4, Saturday, +November 24, 1849, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13513 *** diff --git a/13513-h/13513-h.htm b/13513-h/13513-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..56a8b16 --- /dev/null +++ b/13513-h/13513-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1668 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta name="generator" content= +"HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st March 2004), see www.w3.org" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content= +"text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> +<title>Notes And Queries, Issue 4.</title> + +<style type="text/css"> + + /*<![CDATA[*/ + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.adverts {width: 100%; height: 5px; color: black;} + html>body hr.adverts {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.short {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.short {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + + + .note, .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; + font-size: 0.9em;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; + text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 6em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 8em;} + .poem p.i10 {margin-left: 10em;} + .poem .caesura {vertical-align: -200%;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; + font-size: 8pt;} + + p.author {text-align: right;} + --> + /*]]>*/ +</style> +</head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13513 ***</div> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page49" name="page49"></a>{49}</span> +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left" width="25%"><b>No. 4.</b></td> +<td align="center" width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 24, +1849</b></td> +<td align="right" width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> +<table summary="Contents" align="center"> +<tr> +<td align="left">Contents</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Our Progress and Prospects</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page49">49</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>NOTES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Luther and Erasmus, by John Bruce</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page50">50</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Hallam's Middle Ages</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page51">51</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Adversaria I.—Writers of Notes on +Fly-leaves</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page51">51</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Origin of Grog and Ancient Alms-Basins</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page52">52</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Dyce v. Warburton and Collier</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page53">53</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Food of the People, by J.T. Hammack</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page54">54</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Bishop Barnaby</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page55">55</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Trade Editions</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page55">55</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Dibdin's Typograph Antiquities, by Rev. Dr. +Maitland</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page56">56</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Queries answered, II., by Bolton Corney</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page56">56</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Madoc's Expedition to America</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page57">57</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">"Clouds" or Shrouds, in Shakspeare</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page58">58</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Medal of Pretender, by B. Nightingale</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page58">58</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Roger de Coverley</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page59">59</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Landed and Commercial Policy of England</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page59">59</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">The Rev. Thomas Leman</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page59">59</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Gothic Architecture</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page59">59</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Katherine Pegg</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page59">59</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Queries on Mediæval Geography</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page60">60</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Myles Bloomfylde and William Bloomfield on +Alchymy</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page60">60</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Thynne's Collection of Chancellors</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page60">60</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Cold Harbour</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page60">60</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Statistics of the Roman Catholic Church</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page61">61</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Incumbents of Church Livings</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page61">61</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Curse of Scotland, by Edward Hawkins</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page61">61</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes of Book-Sales, Catalogues, &c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page61">61</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes wanted</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page63">63</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page63">63</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>OUR PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS.</h2> +<p>When we consulted our literary friends as to the form and manner +in which it would be most expedient to put forth our "NOTES AND +QUERIES," more than one suggested to us that our paper should +appear only once a month, or at all events not more frequently than +once a fortnight, on the ground that a difficulty would be +experienced in procuring materials for more frequent publication. +We felt, however, that if such a medium of Inter-communication, as +we proposed to establish was, as we believed, really wanted, +frequency of publication was indispensable. Nothing but a weekly +publication would meet what we believed to be the requirements of +literary men. We determined, therefore, to publish a Number every +Saturday; and the result has so far justified our decision, that +the object of our now addressing our readers is to apologise to the +many friends whose communications we are again unavoidably +compelled to postpone; and to explain that we are preparing to +carry out such further improvements in our arrangements as will +enable us to find earlier admission for all the communications with +which we are favoured.</p> +<p>One other word. It has been suggested to us that in inviting +Notes, Comments, and Emendations upon the works of Macaulay, +Hallam, and other living authors, we may possibly run a risk of +offending those eminent men. We hope not. We are sure that this +outght not to be the case. Had we not recognised the merits of such +works, and the influence they were destined to exercise over men's +minds, we should not have opened our pages for the purpose of +receiving, much less have invited, corrections of the mistakes into +which the most honest and the most able of literary inquirers must +sometimes fall. Only those who have meddled in historical research +can be aware of the extreme difficulty, the all but impossibility, +of ascertaining the exact or the whole truth, amidst the numerous +minute and often apparently contradictory facts which present +themselves to the notice of all inquirers. In this very number a +correspondent comments upon an inference drawn by Mr. Hallam from a +passage in Mabillon. In inserting such a communication we show the +respect we feel for Mr. Hallam, and our <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page50" id="page50"></a>{50}</span> sense of the +services which he has rendered to historical knowledge. Had we +believed that if he has fallen into a mistake in this instance, it +had been not merely a mistake, but a deliberate perversion of the +truth, we should have regarded both book and writer with +indifference, not to say with contempt. It is in the endeavour to +furnish corrections of little unavoidable slips in such good honest +books—albeit imperfect as all books must be—that we +hope at once to render good service to our national literature, and +to show our sense of genius, learning, and research which have +combined to enrich it by the production of works of such high +character and last influence.</p> +<hr /> +<h2>NOTES</h2> +<h3>LATIN EPIGRAM AGAINST LUTHER AND ERASMUS.</h3> +<p>Mr. Editor,—Your correspondent "Roterodamus" (pp. 27, 28) +asks, I hope, for the author of the epigram which he quotes, with a +view to a life of his great townsman, Erasmus. Such a book, written +by some competent hand, and in an enlarged and liberal spirit, +would be a noble addition to the literature of Europe. There is no +civilised country that does not feel an interest in the labours and +in the fame of Erasmus. I am able to answer your correspondents +question, but it is entirely by chance. I read the epigram which he +quotes several years ago, in a book of a kind which one would like +to see better known in this country—a typographical or +bibliographical history of Douay. It is entitled, "<i>Bibliographie +Douaisienne, ou Catalogue Historique et Raisonné des Livres +imprimés à Douai depuis l'année 1563 jusqu'a +nos jours, avec des notes bibliographiques et littéraires; +Par H.R. Duthilloeul. 8vo. Douai, 1842</i>." The 111th book noticed +in the volume is entitled, "<i>Epigrammata in Hæreticos. +Authore Andrea Frusio, Societatis Jesu. Tres-petit in 8vo. +1596</i>." The book is stated to contain 251 epigrams, "aimed," +says M. Duthilloeul, "at the heretics and their doctrines. The +author has but one design, which is to render odious and +ridiculous, the lives, persons, and errors of the apostles of the +Reformation." He quotes three of the epigrams, the third being the +one your correspondent has given you. It has this title, "<i>De +Lutheri et Erasmi differentia</i>," and is the 209th epigram in the +book.</p> +<p>I have never met with a copy of the work of Frusius, nor do I +know any thing of him as an author. The learned writer who pours +out a store of curious learning in the pages of <i>Gentleman's +Magazine</i> is more likely than any body that I know to tell you +something about him.</p> +<p>Mons. Duthilloeul quotes another epigram from the same book upon +the <i>Encomium Moriæ</i>, but it is too long and too +pointless for your pages. He adds another thing which is more in +your way, namely, that a former possessor of the copy of the work +then before him had expressed his sense of the value of these +"epigrammes dévotes" in the following NOTE:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>Nollem carere hoe libello auro nequidem contra +pensitato</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Perhaps some one who possesses or has access to the book would +give us a complete list of the persons who are the subjects of +these defamatory epigrams. And I may add, as you invite us to put +our queries, Is not Erasmus entitled to the distinction of being +regarded as the author of the work which the largest single edition +has ever been printed and sold? Mr. Hallam mentions that, "in the +single year 1527, Colinæus printed 24,000 copies of the +<i>Colloquies</i>, all of which were sold." This is the statement +of Moreri. Bayle gives some additional information. Quoting a +letter of Erasmus as his authority, he says, that Colinæus, +who—like the Brussels and American reprinters of our +day—was printing the book at Paris from a Basle edition, +entirely without the concurrence of Erasmus, and without any view +of his participation in the profit, circulated a report that the +book was about to be prohibited by the Holy See. The curiosity of +the public was excited. Every one longed to secure a copy. The +enormous edition—for the whole 24,000 was but one +impression—was published contemporaneously with the report. +It was a cheap and elegant book, and sold as fast as it could be +handed over the booksellers counter. As poor Erasmus had no +pecuniary benefit <span class="pagenum"><a name="page51" id= +"page51"></a>{51}</span> from the edition, he ought to have the +credit which arises from this proof of his extraordinary +popularity. The public, no doubt, enjoyed greatly his calm but +pungent exposure of the absurd practices which were rife around +them. That his humorous satire was felt by its objects, is obvious +from this epigram, as well as from a thousand other evidences.</p> +<p class="author">JOHN BRUCE.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>HALLAMS MIDDLE AGES—ALLEGED IGNORANCE OF THE CLERGY.</h3> +<p>Sir,—When reading Hallam's <i>History of the Middle +Ages</i> a short time ago I was startled by the following passage +which occurs amongst other evidences of the ignorance of the clergy +during the period subsequent to the dissolution of the Roman +Empire.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Not one priest in a thousand in Spain about the age of +Charlemagne, could address a common letter of salutation to +another."—<i>Hallam's Middle Ages</i>, vol. iii. p. 332.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>And for this statement he refers to Mabillon, <i>De Re +Diplomatica</i>, p. 52.</p> +<p>On referring to Mabillon, I find that the passage runs as +follows:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Christiani posthabitis scripturis sanctis, earumque +interpretibus, Arabum Chaldæorumque libris evolvendis +incumbentes, legem suam nesciebant, et linguam propriam non +advertebant latinam, ita ut ex omni Christi collegio vix +inveniretur unus in milleno hominum genere, qui salutatorias fratri +posset rationabiliter dirigere litteras."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>So that although Mabillon says that scarce one in a thousand +could address a <i>Latin</i> letter to another, yet he by no means +says that it was on account of their general ignorance, but because +they were addicting themselves to other branches of learning. They +were devoting all their energies to Arabic and Chaldæan +science, and in their pursuit of it neglected other literature. A +similar remark might be made of respecting many distinguished +members of the University to which I belong; yet who would feel +himself justified in inferring thence that Cambridge was sunk in +ignorance?</p> +<p class="author">CANTAB.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>ADVERSARIA</h3> +<p class="note">[In our Prospectus we spoke of NOTES AND QUERIES +becoming everybody's common-place book. The following very friendly +letter from an unknown correspondent, G.J.K., urges us to carry out +such an arrangement.</p> +<p class="note">"Sir,—I beg leave to forward you a +contribution for your 'NOTES AND QUERIES,' a periodical which is, I +conceive, likely to do a vast deal of good by bringing literary men +of all shades of opinion into closer juxtaposition than they have +hitherto been.</p> +<p class="note">"I would, however, suggest that in future numbers a +space might be allotted for the reception of those articles (short +of course), which students and literary men in general, transfer to +their common-place books; such as notices of scarce or curious +books, biographical or historical curiosities, remarks on ancient +or obsolete customs, &c. &c. &c. Literary men are +constantly meeting with such in the course of their reading, and +how much better would it be if, instead of transferring them to a +MS. book to be seen only by themselves, or perhaps a friend or two, +they would forward them to a periodical, in which they might be +enshrined in imperishable pica; to say nothing of the benefits such +a course of proceeding would confer on those who might not have had +the same facilities of gaining the information thus made +public.</p> +<p class="note">"In pursuance of this suggestion, I have forwarded +the inclosed paper, and should be happy, from time to time, to +contribute such gleanings from old authors, &c. as I might +think worth preserving.</p> +<p class="note">"G.J.K."</p> +<p class="note">We readily comply with G.J.K.'s suggestion, and +print, as the first of the series, his interesting communication, +entitled:]</p> +<p>1. <i>Writers of Notes on Fly-leaves, &c.</i></p> +<p>The Barberini Library at Rome contains a vast number of books +covered with marginal notes by celebrated writers, such as +Scaliger, Allatius, Holstentius, David Haeschel, Barbadori, and +above all, Tasso, who has annotated with his own hand more than +fifty volumes. Valery, in his <i>Voyages en Italie</i>, states that +a Latin version of Plato is not only annotated by the hand of +Tasso, but also by his father, Bernardo; a fact which sufficiently +proves how deeply the language and philosophy of the Greek writers +were studied in the family. The remarks upon the <i>Divina +Commedia</i>, which, despite the opinion of Serassi, appear to be +authentic, attest the profound study which, from his youth, Tasso +had made of the great poets, and the lively admiration he displayed +for their works. There is also in existence a copy of the Venice +edition of the <i>Divina Commedia</i> (1477), with autograph notes +by Bembo.</p> +<p>Christina of Sweden had quite a mania for writing in her books. +In the library of the Roman College (at Rome) there are several +books annotated by her, amongst others a <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page52" id="page52"></a>{52}</span> Quintus +Curtius, in which, as it would appear, she criticises very freely +the conduct of Alexander. "<i>He reasons falsely in this case</i>," +she writes on one page; and elsewhere, "<i>I should have acted +diametrically opposite; I should have pardoned</i>;" and again, +further on, "<i>I should have exercised clemency</i>;" an +assertion, however, we may be permitted to doubt, when we consider +what sort of clemency was exercised towards Monaldeschi. Upon the +fly-leaf of a Seneca (Elzevir), she has written, "<i>Adversus +virtutem possunt calamitates damna et injuriæ quod adversus +solem nebulæ possunt</i>." The library of the Convent of the +Holy Cross of Jerusalem at Rome, possesses a copy of the +<i>Bibliotheca Hispanu</i>, in the first volume of which the same +princess has written on the subject of a book relating to her +conversion:<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href= +"#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> "<i>Chi l'ha scritta, non lo sa; chi +lo sa, non l'ha mai scritta</i>."</p> +<p>Lemontey has published some very curious <i>Memoirs</i>, which +had been entirely written on the fly-leaves and margins of a missal +by J. de Coligny, who died in 1686.</p> +<p>Racine, the French tragic poet, was also a great annotator of +his books; the Bibliothèque National at Paris possesses a +Euripides and Aristophanes from his library, the margins of which +are covered with notes in Greek, Latin, and French.</p> +<p>The books which formerly belonged to La Monnoie are now +recognizable by the anagram of his name. <i>A Delio nomen</i>, and +also by some very curious notes on the fly-leaves and margins +written in microscopic characters.</p> +<p>G.J.K.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name= +"footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag1">(return)</a> +<p>Conversion de la Reina de Suecia in Roma (1656).</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<h3>ORIGIN OF WORD "GROG."</h3> +<p>Mr. Vaux writes as follows:—Admiral Vernon was the first +to require his men to drink their spirits mixed with water. In bad +weather he was in the habit of walking the deck in a rough +<i>grogram</i> cloak, and thence had obtained the nickname of +<i>Old Grog</i> in the Service. This is, I believe, the origin of +the name <i>grog</i>, applied originally to <i>rum</i> and +<i>water</i>. I find the same story repeated in a quaint little +book, called Pulleyn's <i>Etymological Compendium</i>.</p> +<p class="note">[A.S. has communicated a similar explanation; and +we are obliged to "An old LADY who reads for Pastime" for kindly +furnishing us with a reference to a newly published American work, +<i>Lifts for the Lazy</i>, where the origin of "Grog" is explained +in the same manner.</p> +<p class="note">The foregoing was already in type when we received +the following agreeable version of the same story.]</p> +<hr /> +<h3>ORIGIN OF WORD "GROG"—ANCIENT ALMS-BASINS.</h3> +<p>Mr. Editor,—As a sailor's son I beg to answer your +correspondent LEGOUR'S query concerning the origin of the word +"grog," so famous in the lips of our gallant tars. Jack loves to +give a pet nickname to his favourite officers. The gallant Edward +Vernon (a Westminster man by birth) was not exempted from the +general rule. His gallantry and ardent devotion to his profession +endeared him to the service, and some merry wags of the crew, in an +idle humour, dubbed him "Old Grogham." Whilst in command of the +West Indian station, and at the height of his popularity on account +of his reduction of Porto Bello with six men-of-war only, he +introduced the use of rum and water by the ship's company. When +served out, the new beverage proved most palatable, and speedily +grew into such favour, that it became as popular as the brave +admiral himself, and in honour of him was surnamed by acclamation +"Grog."</p> +<p class="author">MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.</p> +<p>P.S.—There are two other alms-basins in St. Margaret's +worthy of note, besides those I mentioned in your last number. One +has the inscription, "Live well, die never; die well and live ever. +A.D. 1644 W.G." The other has the appropriate legend, "Hee that +gives too the poore lends unto thee LORD." A third bears the Tudor +rose in the centre. In an Inventory made about the early part of +the 17th century, are mentioned "one Bason given by Mr. Bridges, of +brasse." (The donor was a butcher in the parish.) "Item, one bason, +given by Mr. Brugg, of brasse." On the second basin are the arms +and crest of the Brewers' Company. Perhaps Mr. Brugg was a member +of it. One Richard Bridges was a churchwarden, A.D. 1630-32.</p> +<p class="author">M.W.</p> +<p>7. College Street. Nov. 17.</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page53" id="page53"></a>{53}</span> +<h3>DYCE VERSUS WARBURTON AND COLLIER—AND SHAKSPEARE'S +MSS.</h3> +<p>In Mr. Dyce's <i>Remarks on Mr. J.P. Collier's and Mr. C. +Knight's Editions of Shakspeare</i>, pp. 115, 116, the following +note occurs:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"<i>King Henry IV., Part Second</i>, act iv. sc. iv.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">"As humorous as winter, and as sudden</p> +<p class="i2">As <i>flaws</i> congealed in the spring of day."</p> +</div> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p>"Alluding," says Warburton, "to the opinion of some +philosophers, that the vapours being congealed in air by cold, +(which is most intense towards the morning,) and being afterwards +rarified and let loose by the warmth of the sun, occasion those +sudden and impetuous guests of wind which are called +flaws."—COLLIER.</p> +<p>"An interpretation altogether wrong, as the epithet here applied +to 'flaws' might alone determine; '<i>congealed</i> gusts of wind' +being nowhere mentioned among the phenomena of nature except in +Baron Munchausen's <i>Travels</i>. Edwards rightly explained +'flaws,' in the present passage, 'small blades of ice.' I have +myself heard the word used to signify both <i>thin cakes of ice</i> +and the <i>bursting of those cakes</i>."—DYCE.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Mr. Dyce may perhaps have heard the world <i>floe</i> (plural +<i>floes</i>) applied to <i>floating sheet-ice</i>, as it is to be +found so applied extensively in Captain Parry's <i>Journal of his +Second Voyage</i>; but it remains to be shown whether such a term +existed in Shakspeare's time. I think it did not, as after diligent +search I have not met with it; and, if it did, and then had the +same meaning, <i>floating sheet-ice</i>, how would it apply to the +illustration of this passage?</p> +<p>That the uniform meaning of <i>flaws</i> in the poet's time was +<i>sudden gust of wind</i>, and figuratively sudden gusts of +passion, or fitful and impetuous action, is evident from the +following passages:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Like a red morn, that ever yet betoken'd</p> +<p>Wreck to the seamen, tempest to the field,</p> +<p>Sorrow to shepherds, woe unto the birds,</p> +<p><i>Gust</i> and foul <i>flaws</i> to herdsmen and to herds."</p> +<p class="i2"><i>Venus and Adonis.</i></p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Like a great sea-mark standing every <i>flaw</i>."</p> +<p class="i2"><i>Coriolanus</i>, act v. sc. iii.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"—patch a wall to expel the winter's <i>flaw</i>."</p> +<p class="i2"><i>Hamlet</i>, act v. sc. i.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Like to the glorious sun's transparent beams</p> +<p>Do calm the fury of this mad-bred <i>flaw</i>."</p> +<p class="i2"><i>3d Pt. Henry VI.</i>, act iii. sc. i.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"—these <i>flaws</i> and starts (impostors to true</p> +<p>fear)."</p> +<p class="i2"><i>Macbeth</i>, act iv. sc. iv.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Falling in the <i>flaws</i> of her own youth, hath</p> +<p>blistered her report."</p> +<p class="i2"><i>Meas. for Meas.</i>, act ii. sc. iii.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>So far for the poet's acceptation of its meaning.</p> +<p>Thus also Lord Surrey:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"And toss'd with storms, with <i>flaws</i>, with wind, with +weather."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>And Beaumont and Fletcher, in <i>The Pilgrim</i>:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"What <i>flaws</i>, and whirles of weather,</p> +<p>Or rather storms, have been aloft these three days."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Shakspeare followed the popular meteorology of his time, as will +appear from the following passage from a little ephemeris then very +frequently reprinted:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>De Repentinis Ventis</i>.</p> +<p>"8. Typhon, Plinio, Vortex, aliis Turbo, et vibratus Ecnephias, +de <i>nube gelida</i> (ut dictum est) abruptum aliquid sæpe +numero secum voluit, ruinamque suam illo pondere aggravat: quem +<i>repentinum flatum</i> à nube prope terram et mare +depulsum, definuerunt quidam, ubi in gyros rotatur, et proxima (ut +monuimus) verrit, suáque vi sursum raptat."—MIZALDUS, +<i>Ephemeridis Æris Perpetuus: seu Rustica tempestatum +Astrologia</i>, 12º Lutet. 1584.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I have sometimes thought that Shakspeare may have +written:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"As flaws cong<i>est</i>ed in the spring of day."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>It is an easy thing to have printed cong<i>eal</i>ed for that +word, and <i>congest</i> occurs in <i>A Lover's Complaint</i>. +Still I think change unnecessary.</p> +<p>Has the assertion made in <i>An Answer to Mr. Pope's Preface to +Shakspeare</i>, by a Strolling Player, 1729, respecting the +destruction of the poet's MSS. papers, been ever verified? If that +account is authentic, it will explain the singular dearth of all +autograph remains of one who must have written so much. As the +pamphlet is not common, I transcribe the essential +passage:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"How much it is to be lamented that <i>Two large Chests</i> full +of this GREAT MAN'S <i>loose papers</i> and <i>Manuscripts</i> in +the hands of an ignorant <i>Baker of</i> WARWICK (who married one +of the descendants from Shakspear), were carelessly scattered and +thrown about as Garret Lumber and Litter, to <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page54" id="page54"></a>{54}</span> the +particular knowledge of the late <i>Sir William Bishop</i>; till +they were all consum'd in the general Fire and Destruction of that +Town."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">S.W.S.</p> +<p>Mickleham, Nov. 14. 1849.</p> +<p class="note">[We cannot insert the interesting Query which our +correspondent has forwarded on the subject of the disappearance of +Shakespeare's MSS. without referring to the ingenious suggestion +upon that subject so skilfully brought forward by the Rev. Joseph +Hunter in his <i>New Illustrations of the Life, Studies, and +Writings of Shakspeare</i>, vol. i. p. 105.:—"That the entire +disappearance of all manuscripts of Shakspeare, so entire that no +writing of his remains except his name, and only one letter ever +addressed to him, is in some way connected with the religious turn +which his posterity took, in whose eyes there would be much to be +lamented in what they must, I fear, have considered a prostitution +of the noble talents which had been given him."]</p> +<hr /> +<h3>FOOD OF THE PEOPLE.—BILLS OF FARE IN 1683—HUMBLE +PIE.</h3> +<p>The food of the people must always be regarded as an important +element in estimating the degree of civilization of a nation, and +its position in the social scale. Mr. Macaulay, in his masterly +picture of the state of England at the period of the accession of +James II., has not failed to notice this subject as illustrative of +the condition of the working classes of that day. He tells us that +meat, viewed relatively with wages, was "so dear that hundreds of +thousands of families scarcely knew the taste of it.... The great +majority of the nation lived almost entirely on rye, barley, and +oats." (<i>Hist. Eng.</i> vol. i. p. 418., 4th ed.)</p> +<p>It is not uninteresting to inquire (and having found, it is +worth making a note of) what sort of fare appeared on the tables of +the upper and middle classes,—who, unlike their poorer +neighbours, were in a condition to gratify their gastronomic +preferences in the choice and variety of their viands,—with +the view of determining whether the extraordinary improvement which +has taken place in the food of the labouring population has been +equally marked in that of the wealthier orders.</p> +<p>Pepys, who was unquestionably a lover of good living, and never +tired of recording his feastings off "brave venison pasty," or +"turkey pye," has given in his <i>Diary</i> many curious notices of +the most approved dishes of his day. The following "Bills of fare" +of the period referred to speak, however, directly to the point; +they are taken from a work entitled, <i>The accomplisht Lady's +Delight, in Preserving, Physick, Beautifying, and Cookery</i>. +London, printed for B. Harris, 1683.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>A Bill of fare for a Gentleman's House about +Candlemas.</i></p> +<p>"1. A Pottage with a Hen. 2. A <i>Chatham</i>-pudding. 3. A +Fricacie of Chickens. 4. A leg of mutton with a Sallet. Garnish +your dishes with Barberries.</p> +<p>"<i>Second Course.</i> 1. A chine of Muton. 2. A chine of Veal. +3. Lark-pye. 4. A couple of Pullets, one larded. Garnished with +orange slices.</p> +<p>"<i>Third Course.</i> 1. A dish of Woodcocks. 2. A couple of +Rabbits. 3. A dish of Asparagus. 4. A Westphalia Gammon.</p> +<p>"<i>Last Course.</i> 1. Two orange tarts, one with herbs. 2. A +Bacon Tart. 3. An apple Tart. 4. A dish of Bon-chriteen pears. 5. A +dish of Pippins. 6. A dish of Pearmains.</p> +<p>"<i>A Banquet for the same Season.</i></p> +<p>"1. A dish of Apricots. 2. A dish of marmalade of Pippins. 3. A +dish of preserved Cherries. 4. A whole red Quince. 5. A dish of +dryed sweet-meats.</p> +<p>"<i>A Bill of Fare upon an extraordinary Occasion.</i></p> +<p>"1. A collar of brawn. 2. A couple of Pullets boyled. 3. A bisk +of Fish. 4. A dish of Carps. 5. A grand boyled Meat. 6. A grand +Sallet. 7. A venison pasty. 8. A roasted Turkey. 9. A fat pig. 10. +A powdered Goose. 11. A haunch of Venison roasted. 12. A +Neats-tongue and Udder roasted. 13. A Westphalia Ham boyled. 14. A +Joll of Salmon. 15. Mince pyes. 16. A Surloyn of roast beef. 17. +Cold baked Meats. 18. A dish of Custards.</p> +<p>"<i>Second Course.</i> 1. Jellies of all sorts. 2. A dish of +Pheasants. 3. A Pike boyled. 4. An oyster pye. 5. A dish of +Plovers. 6. A dish of larks. 7. A Joll of Sturgeon. 8. A couple of +Lobsters. 9. A lamber pye. 10. A couple of Capons. 11. A dish of +Partridges. 12. A fricacy of Fowls. 13. A dish of Wild Ducks. 14. A +dish of cram'd chickens. 15. A dish of stewed oysters. 16. A +Marchpane. 17. A dish of Fruits. 18. An umble pye."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The fare suggested for "Fish days" is no less various and +abundant; twelve dishes are enumerated for the first course, and +sixteen for the second. Looking at the character of these viands, +some of which would not discredit the genius of a Soyer or a Mrs. +Glasse, <span class="pagenum"><a name="page55" id= +"page55"></a>{55}</span> it seems pretty evident that in the +article of food the labouring classes have been the greatest +gainers since 1687.</p> +<p>Few things are more suggestive of queries—as everybody +knows from experience—than the products of culinary art. I +will not, however, further trespass on space which may be devoted +to a more dignified topic, than by submitting the following.</p> +<p><i>Query.</i>—Does the phrase "to eat humble pie," used to +signify a forced humiliation, owe its origin to the "umble pye" +specified above?</p> +<p class="author">J.T. HAMMACK</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BISHOP BARNABY.</h3> +<p>Mr. Editor,—Legour asks, why the people in Suffolk call a +lady-bird "Bishop Barnaby?"</p> +<p>I give the following from the late Major Moor's <i>Suffolk +Words</i>.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Bishop-Barney. The golden bug. See Barnabee. In Tasser's <i>Ten +Unwelcome Guests in the Dairy</i>, he enumerates 'the Bishop that +burneth' (pp. 142. 144.), in an ambiguous way, which his +commentator does not render at all clear. I never heard of this +calumniated insect being an unwelcome guest in the dairy; but +Bishop-Barney, or Burney, and Barnabee, or Burnabee, and +Bishop-that-burneth, seem, in the absence of explanation to be +nearly related—in sound at any rate. Under <i>Barnabee</i> it +will be seen that <i>burning</i> has some connection with the +history of this pretty insect."</p> +<p>"Barnabee," writes the Major, "the golden-bug, or lady-bird; +also Bishop-Barney: which see. This pretty little, and very useful +insect, is tenderly regarded by our children. One settling on a +child is always sent away with this sad valediction:—</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Gowden-bug, gowden-bug, fly away home,</p> +<p>Yar house is bahnt deown and yar children all gone."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>To which I add another nursery doggerel less sad:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Bishop, Bishop-Barnabee,</p> +<p>Tell me when your wedding be,</p> +<p>If it be to-morrow day</p> +<p>Take your wings and fly away."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The Major adds, "It is sure to fly off on the third +repetition."</p> +<p>"Burnt down," continues the Major, "gives great scope to our +country euphonic twang, altogether inexpressible in type; <i>bahnt +deeyown</i> comes as near to it as my skill in orthography will +allow."</p> +<p>Ray, in his <i>South and East Country Words</i>, has +this:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Bishop, the little spotted beetle, commonly called the lady-cow +or lady-bird. I have heard this insect in other places called +golden-knop, and doubtless in other countries it hath other names. +(<i>E. W.</i> p. 70) Golden-bugs the common Suffolk name."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">J.G. Southwold, Nov. 16. 1849.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>TRADE EDITIONS—COTTLE'S LIFE OF COLERIDGE.</h3> +<p>Sir,—In the 2nd vol. of Mr. Collier's valuable and +interesting <i>Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers' +Company</i>, p. 28, is the following entry:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Thos. Dason. Licensed unto him the praise of follie; to print +not above xv° of any impression, with this condition, that any +of the Company may laie on with him, reasonablie at every +impression, as they think good, and that he shall gyve reasonable +knowledge before to them as often as he shall print it."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This is both curious and important information as being, in all +probability, the earliest recorded instance of a custom still kept +up amongst booksellers, and which now passes under the designation +of a "Trade edition;" the meaning of which being, that the +copyright, instead of being the exclusive property of one person, +is divided into shares and held by several. There are Trade +editions of such voluminous authors as Shakspeare, Gibbon, Hume, +and Robertson, for instance; and Alison's <i>Europe</i>, if +published half a century back, might in all probability have been +added to the list. The difference between the ancient and the +modern usage appears to be this, that formerly when the type was +set up for an edition "any of the company may laie on, (these two +last words are still technically used by printers for supplying +type with paper,) reasonablie at every impression," &c.; in +other words, may print as many copies from the type "as they think +good;" whereas now, the edition is first printed, and then the +allotment of the copies, and the actual cost of them is made, +according to the number of shares.</p> +<p>If this is a "Note" worth registering, it is much at your +service, whilst for a "Query," I should be very glad to be +informed, when a very able review, the date of which I neglected +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page56" id="page56"></a>{56}</span> +to make at the time, appeared in the <i>Times</i> newspaper, of the +2nd edition of Cottle's <i>Life of Coleridge</i>.</p> +<p>With many good wishes for the success of your register,</p> +<p>I remain, &c.</p> +<p class="author">JOHN MILAND.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>DIBDIN'S TYPOGRAPHICAL ANTIQUITIES.</h3> +<p>Sir,—I am very glad to have elicited the information +contained in your number just published respecting the copy of +Borde's work in the Chetham Library. As I have a great respect for +Mr. Ames, I must remark that he had no share in the blunder, and +whenever a new edition of his work is undertaken, it will be well +to look rather curiously into the enlargements of Dibdin. In the +mean time this information naturally leads to another +Query—or rather, to more than one—namely, "<i>Had</i> +Mr. Bindley's copy this unique imprint? and what became of it at +the sale of his books? or is it only one of the imaginary editions +which give bibliographers so much trouble?" Perhaps some one of +your correspondents may be able to give information.</p> +<p>Yours, &c.</p> +<p class="author">S.R. MAITLAND.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h3>QUERIES ANSWERED, NO. 2</h3> +<h3>MADOC THE SON OF OWEN GWYNED.</h3> +<p>The student who confines himself to a single question, may +fairly expect a prompt and precise answer. To ask for general +information on a particular subject, may be a less successful +experiment. Who undertakes extensive research except for an +especial purpose? Who can so far confide in his memory as to append +his name to a list of authorities without seeming to prove his own +superficiality? I throw out these ideas for consideration, just as +they arise; but neither wish to repress the curiosity of +<i>querists</i>, nor to prescribe bounds to the communicative +disposition of <i>respondents</i>.</p> +<p>Did Madoc, son of Owen Gwynedd, prince of Wales, discover +America? Stimulated by the importance of the question, and +accustomed to admire the spirit of maritime enterprise, at whatever +period it may have been called into action, I have sometimes +reflected on this debatable point—but can neither affirm nor +deny it.</p> +<p>I advise the <i>student</i>, as a preliminary step to the +inquiry, to attempt a collection of all the accessible evidence, +historical and ethnographic, and to place the materials which +pertain to each class in the order of time. The historical evidence +exists, I believe exclusively, in the works of the chroniclers and +bards of Wales; and the ethnographic evidence in the narratives of +travellers in America. The opinions of modern writers, the gifted +author of <i>Madoc</i> not excepted, he is at liberty to consider +as <i>hors-d'oeuere</i>—to be passed on, or tasted, +<i>à plaisir</i>. As an exemplification of this plan, I +submit some short extracts, with critical remarks:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Madoc another of Owen Gwyneth his sonnes left the land +[North-Wales] in contention betwixt his brethren, and prepared +certaine ships with men and munition, and sought adventures by +seas, sailing west, and leaving the coast of Ireland so far north, +that he came to a land unknowen, where he saw manie strange +things."—CARADOC OF LLANCARVAN, <i>continued—The +historie of Cambria</i>, 1584. 4º. p. 227.</p> +<p>[The history of Caradoc ends with A.D. 1156. The continuation, +to the year 1270, is ascribed by Powel, the editor of the volume, +to the monks of Conway and Stratflur.]</p> +<p>Carmina Meredith filii Rhesi [Meredydd ab Rhys] mentionem +facientia de Madoco filio Oweni Gwynedd, et de suâ +navigatione in terras incognitas. Vixit hic Meredith circiter annum +Domini 1477.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Madoc wyf, mwyedic wedd,</p> +<p>Iawn genau, Owen Gwynedd;</p> +<p>Ni fynnum dir, fy enaid oedd,</p> +<p>Na da mawr, ond y moroedd.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>The same in English.</i></p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Madoc I am the sonne of Owen Gwynedd</p> +<p>With stature large, and comely grace adorned;</p> +<p>No lands at home nor store of wealth me please,</p> +<p>My minde was whole to searche the ocean seas.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>"These verses I received of my learned friend M. William +Camden." <i>Richard Hakluyt</i>, 1589.</p> +<p>[The eulogy of Meredydd ab Rhys is very indefinite, but deserves +notice on account of its early date. He "flourished," says W. Owen, +"between A.D. 1430 and 1460."]</p> +<p>"This land must needs be some part of that countrie of which the +Spaniardes affirme themselves to be the first finders sith Hannos +time; ... Whereupon it is manifest, that that countrie was long +before by Brytaines discouered, afore either Columbus or Americus +Vespatius lead anie Spaniardes thither. Of the viage and returne of +this Madoc there be <i>manie fables fained</i>, as the common +people doo use in distance of place <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page57" id="page57"></a>{57}</span> and length of time rather to +augment than to diminish: but sure it is, that there he +was."—HUMFREY LHOYD, <i>Additions to the Historie of +Cambria</i>, p. 228.</p> +<p>[Lhoyd, who translated the history of Caradoc, and made +considerable additions to it, died in 1568. He mentions the second +voyage of Madoc, but cites no authority.]</p> +<p>"This Madoc arriving in that westerne countrie, unto the which +he came, in the year 1170, left most of his people there: and +returning backe for more of his owne nation, acquaintance and +freends, to inhabite that faire and large countrie: went thither +againe with ten sailes, as I find noted by Gutyn Owen. I am of +opinion that the land, wherevnto he came, was some part of Mexico:" +etc.—David Powel, S.T.P., note in <i>The historie of +Cambria</i>, 1584. 4°. p. 229.</p> +<p>[The learned Powel relies on the authority of the poet Gutyn +Owen. "He wrote," says W. Owen, "between A.D. 1460 and +1490"—three centuries after the event in question!]</p> +</blockquote> +<p><i>Ethnographic evidence.</i></p> +<blockquote> +<p>"They came [anno 1536] to part of the West Indies about Cape +Breton, shaping their course thence north-eastwards, vntill they +camme to the Island of Penguin," etc.—The voyage of master +Hore, in <i>The principall navigations</i>, etc. 1589. Fol.</p> +<p>[Antiquaries consider the mention of <i>Cape Breton</i> and +<i>Penguin Island</i> as evidence. It cannot prove much, as the +particulars were not committed to writing till about half-a-century +after the voyage.]</p> +<p>"There is also another kinde of foule in that countrey [between +the Gulf of Mexico and Cape Breton] ... they have white heads, and +therefore the country men call them <i>penguins</i> (which seemeth +to be a Welsh nanme). And <i>they have also in use divers other +Welsh words, a matter worthy the noting</i>."—The relation of +David Ingram, 1568. in <i>The principall navigations</i>, etc. +1589. Fol.</p> +<p>[This narrative was compiled from answers to certain +<i>queries</i>—perhaps twenty years after the events +related.]</p> +<p>"Afterwards [anno 1669] they [The Doeg Indians] carried us to +their town, and entertained us civilly for four months; and I did +converse with them of many things in the British tongue, and <i>did +preach to them three times a week in the British tongue</i>," etc. +Rev. Morgan Jones, 1686.—<i>British Remains</i>, 1777. +8°.</p> +<p>[The editor omits to state how he procured the manuscript. The +paper whence the above is extracted is either decisive of the +question at issue, or a forgery.]</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The <i>student</i> may infer, even from these imperfect hints, +that I consider the subject which he proposes to himself as one +which deserves a strict investigation—provided the +collections hereafter described have ceased to be in existence.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"With respect to this extraordinary occurence in the history of +Wales, I have collected a multitude of evidences, in conjunction +with Edward Williams, the bard, to prove that Madog must have +reached the American continent; for the descendants of him and his +followers exist there as a nation to this day; and the present +position of which is on the southern branches of the Missouri +river, under the appellations of Padoucas, White Indians, Civilized +Indians, and Welsh Indians."—<i>William Owen</i>, F.A.S. +1803.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The title prefixed to this paper would be a misnomer, if I did +not add a list of books which it may be desirable to +consult:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p><i>On the Scandinavian discoveries.</i>—Mémoires de +la société royale des antiquaires du Nord. 1836-1839. +<i>Copenhague.</i> 8°. p. 27.—Historia Vinlandiæ +Antiquæ, seu partis Americæ septentrionalis—per +Thormodum Terfæum. <i>Haviniæ</i>, 1705. 8°. 1715. +8°—Antiquitates Americanæ, sive scriptores +septentrionales rerum Ante-Columbianarum in America. +<i>Hafniæ</i>, 1837. 4°.</p> +<p><i>On the Welsh discoveries.</i>—The historie of Cambria, +now called Wales—continued by David Powel. <i>London</i>, +1584. 4°. The Myvyrian archaiology of Wales, <i>London</i>, +1801-7. 8°. 3 vol. British remains, by the Rev. N. Owen, A.M. +<i>London</i>, 1777. 8°. The Cambrian biography, by William +Owen, F.A.S. <i>London</i>, 1803. 8°. Biblithèque +Américaine, par H. Ternaux. <i>Paris</i>, 1837. 8°. The +principall navigations, voiages and discoveries of the English +nation—by Richard Hakluyt, M.A. <i>London</i>, 1589. fol.</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">BOLTON CORNEY.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MADOC—HIS EXPEDITION TO AMERICA.</h3> +<p>Dr. Plott, in his account, and Lord Monboddo, <i>Origin and +Progress of Language</i>, refer to the <i>Travels of Herbert</i> +(17th century), lib. iii. cap. ult., for a full history of this +supposed discovery. They derived it from Meredyth ap Rhys, Gatty +Owen, and Cynfyn ap Gronow, A.D. 1478-80. See also +<i>Atheneaum</i>, Aug. 19. 1848.—Professor Elton's address at +the meeting of the British Association, on this and the earlier +Icelandic discovery.</p> +<p>The belief in the story has been lately renewed. See +<i>Archæologia Cambrens</i>, 4. 65., and <i>L'Acadie</i>, by +Sir J.E. Alexander, 1849. I will only observe that in Dr. Plott's +account, Madoc was directed by the <i>best compass</i>, and this in +1170! See M'Culloch's <i>Dictionary of Commerce</i>.</p> +<p class="author">ANGLO-CAMBRIAN.</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page58" id="page58"></a>{58}</span> +<h3>MADOC'S EXPEDITION.</h3> +<p>A traveller informs us that Baron A. von Humboldt urges further +search after this expedition in the Welsh records. He thinks the +passage is in the <i>Examin Critique</i>.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>QUERIES</h2> +<h3>"CLOUDS" OR SHROUDS, IN SHAKESPEARE.</h3> +<p>I quite agree with your correspondent D.N.R., that there never +has been an editor of Shakespeare capable of doing him full +justice. I will go farther and say, that there never will be an +editor capable of doing him any thing like justice. I am the most +"modern editor" of Shakespeare, and I am the last to pretend that I +am at all capable of doing him justice: I should be ashamed of +myself if I entertained a notion so ridiculously presumptuous. What +I intended was to do him all the justice in my power, and that I +accomplished, however imperfectly. It struck me that the best mode +of attempting to do him any justice was to take the utmost pains to +restore his text to the state in which he left it; and give me +leave, very humbly, to say that this is the chief recommendation of +the edition I superintended through the press, having collated +every line, syllable, and letter, with every known old copy. For +this purpose I saw, consulted and compared every quarto and every +folio impression in the British Museum, at Oxford, at Cambridge, in +the libraries of the Duke of Devonshire and Lord Ellesmere, and in +several private collections. If my edition have no other merit, I +venture to assert that it has this. It was a work of great labour, +but it was a work also of sincere love. It is my boast, and my only +boast, that I have restored the text of Shakespeare, as nearly as +possible, to the integrity of the old copies.</p> +<p>When your correspondent complains, therefore, that in "Hen. IV. +Part 2," Act III. sc. 1., in the line,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"With deafening clamours in the slippery clouds,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>the word <i>shrouds</i> is not substituted by editors of +Shakespeare for "clouds," the answer is, that not a single old copy +warrants the merely fanciful emendation, and that it is not at all +required by the sense of the passage. In the 4to of 1600, and in +the folio of 1623, the word is "clouds;" and he must be a very bold +editor (in my opinion little capable of doing justice to any +author), who would substitute his own imaginary improvement, for +what we have every reason to believe is the genuine text. +<i>Shrouds</i> instead of "clouds" is a merely imaginary +improvement, supported by no authority, and (as, indeed, your +correspondent shows) without the merit of originality. I am for the +text of Shakespeare as he left it, and as we find it in the most +authentic representations of his mind and meaning.</p> +<p class="author">J. PAYNE COLLIER.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MEDAL OF THE PRETENDER.</h3> +<p>Sir,—Possibly some one of your literary correspondents, +who may be versed in the, what D'Israeli would call <i>Secret</i> +History of the Jacobite Court, will endeavour to answer a "Query" +relative to the following rare medal:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p><i>Obv.</i> A ship of war bearing the French flag; on the shore +a figure in the dress of a Jesuit (supposed to represent Father +Petre) seated astride of a <i>Lobster</i>, holding in his arms the +young Prince of Wales, who has a little windmill on his head. +Legend: "Allons mon Prince, nous sommes en bon chemin." In the +exergue, "Jacc: Franç: Eduard, supposé. 20 Juin, +1688."</p> +<p><i>Rev.</i> A shield charged with a windmill, and surmounted by +a Jesuit's bonnet; two rows of Beads or Rosaries, for an order or +collar, within which we read "Honny soit qui <i>non</i> y pense;" a +<i>Lobster</i> is suspended from the collar as a badge. Legend: +"Les Armes et l'Ordre du pretendu Prince de Galles."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The difficulty in the above medal is <i>the Lobster</i>, though +doubtless it had an allusion to some topic or scandal of the day; +whoever can elucidate it will render good service to Medallic +History, for hitherto it has baffled all commentators and +collectors of medals. The windmill (indicative of the poplar fable +that the Prince was the son of a miller), and the Roman Catholic +symbols, are well understood.</p> +<p>There is an engraving of this medal in Van Loon's <i>Histoire +Metallique des Pays Bas</i>. It is also imperfectly engraved in +Edwards' <i>Medallic History of England</i>, for the Jesuit is +represented kneeling on the shore, and Pinkerton, who furnished the +text, calls it "a boy kneeling on the shore." The medal is so rare +that probably the artist could obtain only a rubbed or mutilated +impression to engrave from. My description is from a <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page59" id="page59"></a>{59}</span> specimen, in +my own collection, as fine as the day it was minted.</p> +<p>I may add that both Van Loon and Pinkerton have engraved the +legend in the collar erroneously, "honi soit qui <i>bon</i> y +pense;" it should be "<i>non</i>."</p> +<p class="author">B. NIGHTINGALE.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>ROGER DE COVERLEY.</h3> +<p>In the <i>Spectator's</i> description of Sir Roger de Coverley +it is said, "that his great-grandfather was the inventor of that +famous country dance which is called after him." To the tune, as +printed in Chappell's <i>English Melodies</i>, is appended a note +to the effect that it was called after "Roger of Coverley" (Cowley, +near Oxford).</p> +<p>Can any one inform me—</p> +<p>I. Where any notice of that Roger is to be found?</p> +<p>II. What is the etymon of "Cowley" (Temple Cowley and Church +Cowley)?</p> +<p>III. If any notice of the tune is to be met with earlier than +1695, when it was printed by H. Playford in his <i>Dancing +Master</i>?</p> +<p class="author">W.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>HISTORY OF LANDED AND COMMERCIAL POLICY OF +ENGLAND—HISTORY OF EDWARD II.</h3> +<p>Who was the author of the two following works?—"Remarks +upon the History of the Landed and Commercial Policy of England, +from the Invasion of the Romans to the Accession of James I. 2 +vols. London: printed for E. Brooke, in Bell Yard, Temple Bar, +MDCCLXXXV."</p> +<p>"The History of the Life, Reign, and Death of Edward II, King of +England and Lord of Ireland, with the Rise and Fall of his great +Favourites, Gaveston and the Spencers. Written by E.F. in the year +1627, and printed verbatim from the original. London: Printed by +J.C. for Charles Harper, at the Flower-de-Luce in Fleet St.; Samuel +Crouch, at the Princes' Arms, in Pope's head Alley in Cornhill; and +Thomas Fox, at the Angel in Westminster Hall, 1680. (a portrait of +Ed. II.)" In the 1st vol. Harl. Miscell. it is said that the above +was found with the papers of the first Lord Falkland, and is +attributed to him. My copy has Faulconbridge inserted in MS. over +the F., and a book plate of Earl Verney, motto "<i>Prodesse quam +conspici</i>," with an escutcheon of pretence.</p> +<p class="author">ANGLO-CAMBRIAN</p> +<hr /> +<h3>THE REVEREND THOMAS LEMAN.</h3> +<p>Mr. Editor,—Amongst the later authorities on subjects of +British-Roman antiquity, the Rev. Thomas Leman is constantly +referred to, and in terms of great commendation.</p> +<p>Can you inform me whether that gentleman published any work or +made an avowed communication of any of his researches? His name is +not found in the Index to the <i>Archæologia</i>.</p> +<p>Mr. Leman contributed largely to Mr. Hatcher's edition of +<i>Richard of Cirencester</i>; but it is one of the unsatisfactory +circumstances of this work that these contributions, and whatever +may have been derived from the late Bishop of Cloyne, are merely +acknowledged in general terms, and are not distinguished as they +occur.</p> +<p>I believe the MS. of the work was all in Mr. Hatcher's +handwriting; some of your readers may possibly have the means of +knowing in what way he used the materials thus given, or to what +extent they were adapted or annotated by himself.</p> +<p class="author">A.T. Coleman Street, Nov. 13.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE.</h3> +<p>Sir,—Will any of your readers favour me with an account of +the origin, as well as the date of introduction, of the term +"<i>Gothic</i>," as applied to the Pointed Styles of Ecclesiastical +Architecture?</p> +<p>This Query is, of course, intimately connected with the +much-disputed question of the origin of the Pointed Style itself. +But yet I imagine that the <i>application</i> of the term +"<i>Gothic</i>" may be found to be quite distinct, in its origin, +from the first rise of the Pointed Arch. The invention of the +Pointed Arch cannot, surely, be attributed to the <i>Goths</i>; +whence then the origin and the <i>meaning</i> of the term +<i>Gothic</i>?</p> +<p class="author">R. VINCENT. Winchester, Nov. 12.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>KATHERINE PEGG.</h3> +<p>Sir,—I think you may safely add Pepys's <i>Diary</i> to +the list of books in illustration of which you are willing to +receive both Queries and Answers. There is not a passage in the +<i>Diary</i> that does not deserve to be understood.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page60" id="page60"></a>{60}</span> +<p>At vol. iv. p. 435. of the new edition is the following +entry:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"7 May, 1668. Here [at the King's Theatre] I did kiss the pretty +woman newly come, called Pegg, that was Sir Charles Sedley's +mistress, a mighty pretty woman, and seems (but is not) +modest."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>On this Lord Braybrooke has the following note:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Pegg must have been Margaret Hughes, Prince Rupert's mistress, +who had probably before that time lived with Sir Charles +Sedley."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>And then follows some account of Mrs. Hughes. But, <i>query</i>, +was the "Pegg" of the <i>Diary</i>, Peg Hughes? was she not rather +as I belived her to have been, Katherine Pegg, by whom king Charles +II. had a son, Charles Fitz-Charles, created Earl of Plymouth, 29th +July, 1675, died 1680?</p> +<p>Katherine Pegg has escaped Lord Braybrooke. Can any of your +correspondents tell me who she was?</p> +<p class="author">PETER CUNNINGHAM</p> +<hr /> +<h3>QUERIES IN MEDIÆVAL GEOGRAPHY.</h3> +<p>What are the modern names of "Watewich," "Portum Pusillum," +"Mare de Saham," "Perpessa," and "Northmuth?" They are not to be +found in Ferrario's <i>Lexicon</i> (a geographical dictionary so +defective that it has not even the Latin name for Aix-la-Chapelle), +nor in Baudrand's <i>Lexicon Geographicum</i> (a good dictionary +for the mediæval Latin names in France, but not so perfect as +the <i>Index Geographicum</i> attached to the volumes of Bouquet), +nor in Martiniere's <i>Grande Dictionnarie Geographique</i>, nor in +the Index to Wright's <i>Courthand</i>, a miserable and imperfect +compilation.</p> +<p class="note">[These Queries are addressed to our correspondents +in a very flattering review of "NOTES AND QUERIES" which appeared +in the <i>Morning Herald</i> of the 16th of November, and we shall +be very glad to receive such answers to all or any of them as it +may be in the power of any of our friends to supply.]</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MYLES BLOOMFYLDE AND WILLIAM BLOMEFIELD'S METRICAL WRITINGS ON +ALCHYMY.</h3> +<p>Sir,—I have had intrusted to me a MS. metrical book on +Alchymy, "written by me Myles Bloomefylde, late of Bury Saynes +Edmunde in ye Countye of Suffolke, Physytione;" but I can find no +account of the author. Worton, Ritson, and Tanner, mention a +"William Blomefield, born at Bury. Bachelor in Physic and a Monk of +Bury," who wrote <i>inter alia</i> a metrical work called +<i>Bloomefield's Blossoms, or the Camp of Philosophy</i>.</p> +<p>Were there two metrical writers on alchymy of the name +Bloomfield, temp. Eliz. and connected with Bury?</p> +<p class="author">BURIENSIS.</p> +<p class="note">[The following Note by Park, which first appeared +in the Edition of Wharton published in 1840, iii., p. 83., coupled +with the fact that William Blomefield is described as a Bachelor of +Physic, would seem to show that there is but one writer, whose +proper name is not William, but Myles: "From Ashmole's <i>Notes on +Theatrum Chemicum</i>, 1652. p. 478., it seems doubtful whether his +name was not Myles."]</p> +<hr /> +<h3>THYNNE'S COLLECTION OF CHANCELLORS.</h3> +<p>Mr. Editor,—Can any of your correspondents inform me who +was the "streict laced" gaoler of the records, alluded to in the +following passage in the <i>Collection of Chancellors of +England</i>, by Francis Thynne, inserted in Holinshed (ed. 1808) +iv. 351.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"John, Chancellor of England in the time of king Henrie the +second, but what he was or in what yeare of king Henrie he lived I +doo not know, and therefore leave it to <i>him that both can and +ought to give life</i> to these persons whom he imprisoneth in the +east castell of London; not doubting but in time he will doo his +countrie good, and correct other men; though <i>now he be so +streict laced</i>, as that he will not procure anie furtherance of +other men's trauels."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>[Greek: S.]</p> +<hr /> +<h3>COLD HARBOUR</h3> +<p>Mr. Editor,—In examining the Ordnance Survey of Kent, I +was quite surprised at the recurrence of the name "Cold Harbour;" +and again, in Wyld's Map of London in 1550.</p> +<p>I believe the point has been explained before, but perhaps some +of your readers could give some information as to its origin.</p> +<p class="author">G.H.B.</p> +<p>Nov. 8. 1849.</p> +<p class="note">[The Society of Antiquaries was a good deal +occupied, we scarcely know whether we may say interested, in the +question raised by our correspondent, during the last session: and +considerable <span class="pagenum"><a name="page61" id= +"page61"></a>{61}</span> information upon the subject will be found +in the published <i>Proceedings</i> of the Society, and in the last +part of the <i>Archæologia</i>. We should like to know +whether there are <i>Cold Harbours</i> in <i>every</i> county in +England. Mr. Hartshorne published a long list in his <i>Salopia +Antiqua</i>. If our correspondents can give us any addition to that +list, they will be acceptable. We are aware that there are several +in Kent.]</p> +<hr /> +<h3>STATISTICS OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.</h3> +<p>Mr. Editor,—If any reader of your valuable and much-needed +periodical can, through its medium, supply me with the title of +some recent and authentic work containing <i>Statistics</i> of the +Roman Catholic Church—<i>e.g.</i> the number of its members, +or reputed members, in the different European States; the number +and temporalities of its sees, clergy, &c.—he will confer +on me a great obligation; one which it will be a pleasure to me to +repay to some other "Querist," should it lie within my power to +supply any desired information, in my turn. Your faithful +servant,</p> +<p class="author">E.E.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>INCUMBENTS OF CHURCH LIVINGS.</h3> +<p>Sir,—perhaps some of the readers of your useful +publication could inform me where I can find the <i>name</i> and +<i>birth-place</i> of incumbents of church livings prior to 1680, +and the patrons of them. Your well-wisher,</p> +<p class="author">L.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>THE CURSE OF SCOTLAND—WHY IS THE NINE OF DIAMONDS SO +CALLED?</h3> +<p>I shall be obliged to any of your correspondents who will inform +me why the Nine of Diamonds is called the curse of Scotland. I have +heard two causes assigned. One, that the Duke of Cumberland, on the +field after the battle of Culloden, wrote upon the back of this +card a very cruel and inhuman order for the destruction of the +persons and property of the rebels. This cannot be true, for I have +in my possession a print entitled "Britons Association against the +Pope's Bulls." In it the young Pretender or prince is represented +attempting to lead across the Tweed a herd of bulls laden with +curses, excommunications, indulgences, &c. &c. &c. On +the ground before them lies the Nine of Diamonds. This print is +dated Oct. 21. 1745, some months previous to the battle of +Culloden.</p> +<p>The other cause assigned is, that the nine lozenges with which +the saltire is charged in the armorial bearings of the Earl of +Stair, are so arranged as to resemble the nine of diamonds, which +was called the curse of Scotland, from the active part taken by +that Earl in promoting the Union, which was most unpopular in +Scotland. I cannot positively deny that the card in question owes +its evil name to this cause, but I am not aware that the Earl of +Stair was so conspicuously active as to occasion his being +peculiarly selected as an object of popular aversion on that +account. He was indeed a commissioner for drawing up the articles +of the union, and he was sent ambassador to the court of Louis XIV. +chiefly for the purpose of watching the proceedings of the +Jacobites; these circumstances may have added to the odium which +attached to his name from the part which was taken by his +predecessor, who was Secretary for Scotland, and was charged with +having exceeded his authority in ordering the massacre of +Glencoe.</p> +<p class="author">EDW. HAWKINS.</p> +<p>Nov. 12. 1849</p> +<p class="note">[We would add to Mr. Hawkins's Query, another, +viz.: What is the earliest known instance of the card in question +being so designated? For it is clear, if such was the case before +the Union, the second explanation is as little satisfactory as the +first.]</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h3>NOTES OF BOOK SALES—CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> +<p>The collectors of British portraits—and there are +doubtless many such among our readers—will shortly have such +an opportunity of enriching their portfolios as rarely presents +itself. Messrs. Sotheby and Co. commence, on the 3rd of December, +the sale of the second portion of the important and valuable stock +of prints belonging to the well-known and eminent printsellers, +Messrs. W. and G. Smith, whose shop in Lisle Street, Leicester +Square, has been for so many years the favourite resort of all who +were in search of the rare and curious in calcographic art. Messrs. +Sotheby describe the present Sale as "comprising one of the most +numerous and interesting collections of British Historical +Portraits ever offered for sale;" and the following Lots, which +exhibit specimens of the rarities it contains, justify their +statement.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>33 ARCHIBALD EARL OF ARGYLL, by <i>Loggan, first state, before +the inscription round the oval</i>, VERY FINE AND RARE.</p> +<p>56 SIR WM. ASHURST, <i>Lord Mayor of London, 1694, after Linton, +by R. White</i>, VERY FINE AND RARE.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page62" id="page62"></a>{62}</span> +<p>59 SLINGSBY BETHELL, ONE OF THE SHERIFFS OF LONDON, &c. +1680, <i>whole length, W. Sherwin sculpt., sold by S. Lee, at the +Feathers in Lumbert Street</i>, VERY FINE AND EXTREMELY RARE.</p> +<p>130 SIR RICHARD RAINSFORD, <i>Lord Chief Justice of the King's +Bench, mezzotint after Claret, R. Tompson excudit</i>, MOST +BRILLIANT AND VERY RARE.</p> +<p>160 JAMES THE FORTH, KING OF SCOTLAND, <i>holding a flower in +his hand, sold by Compton Holland</i>, EXTREMELY FINE AND VERY +RARE.</p> +<p>176 FREDERICK KING OF BOHEMIA, <i>half length, standing under an +arch, four Latin lines beneath, no engraver's name</i>, VERY FINE +AND EXTREMELY RARE.</p> +<p>184 CHARLES LEWIS, COUNT PALATINE OF THE RHINE, son of the King +of Bohemia, on horseback, with a view of London beyond him; circles +containing the dates of the births of his brothers and sisters at +the top on the left, eight English lines beneath: <i>a most +interesting and rare print</i>, BRILLIANT IMPRESSION, AND IN THE +MOST PERFECT CONDITION.</p> +<p>328 SIR JOHN FENWICK, <i>of Fenwick Castle, in the Country of +Northumberland, executed in 1696, on suspicion of being engaged in +a plot to assassinate William III., after Wissing, by White</i>, +VERY FINE AND EXTREMELY RARE.</p> +<p>244 THOMAS CARTWRIGHT, <i>Bishop of Chester, after Soust, by +Becket</i>, VERY FINE AND RARE.</p> +<p>262 JOHN DOLBEN, BISHOP OF ROCHESTER, JOHN FELL, BISHOP OF +OXFORD, AND DR. RICHARD ALLESTRY, <i>called by Charles II</i>. +CHIPLEY, CHOPLEY, CHEPLEY, <i>from the picture in Christchurch +Hall, by Sir P. Lely, D. Loggan excudit</i>, BRILLIANT PROOF, AND +EXTREMELY RARE.</p> +<p>304 SIR HENRY CHAUNCEY, <i>the historian of Hertfordshire, by J. +Suvage, fine and rare</i>.</p> +<p>365 GEORGE GORDAN, MARQUIS OF HUSTLEY, by <i>Sauvè</i>, +FINE AND EXTREMELY RARE.</p> +<p>374 ROBERT SIDNEY, EARL OF LEICESTER, by <i>Simon Passe, sold by +Sudbury and Humble</i>, VERY FINE AND RARE.</p> +<p>375 ROBERT BERTIE, EARL OF LINDSEY, after <i>Geldorp</i>, by +<i>Voerst</i>, BRILLIANT AND VERY RARE.</p> +<p>558 ISAAC MILERS, by <i>Vertue, first state, before the +alterations of the arms and inscription, very fine and rare; and +the same, in the ordinary state</i>.</p> +<p>661 THOMAS THYNN OF LONG LEATE, <i>murdered in Pall Mall 1682, +after Kneller, by White</i>, VERY FINE AND RARE.</p> +<p>662 THOMAS THYNN, <i>mezzotint after Lely, sold by A. +Browne</i>, VERY FINE AND RARE.</p> +<p>997 LOUISE DUCHESS OF PORTSMOUTH, <i>with her son as Cupid, +after Gascar, by Baudet</i>, VERY FINE AND EXTREMELY RARE, <i>from +Mr. Ord's collection, at the sale of which it produced 8£. +12s. 6d.</i></p> +<p>1000 LOUISE DUCHESS OF PORTSMOUTH, <i>reclining on a couch, +oblong mezzotint</i>, FINE PROOF BEFORE AND LETTERS, AND EXTREMELY +RARE.</p> +<p>1048 <i>Hobson and the Cambridge Carrier, Author of "Hobson's +Choice," by J. Payne, two states, very fine and rare</i>.</p> +<p>1201 JOHN FREDERICK, Elector of Saxony, playing at chess with +Ernest Duke of Brunswick, at the moment when Charles V. sent the +warrant for his execution, A MOST CURIOUS AND INTERESTING +HISTORICAL PRINT, AND EXTREMELY RARE.</p> +<p>1209 ERASMUS, <i>sitting with a book before him</i>, by F. +HOGENBERG, <i>H. COCK excudebat</i>, 1555, VERY FINE AND RARE, +&C.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>We have also received:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A Catalogue of English and Foreign Theology, including some of +the rarest works of our early English Divines; nearly a complete +series of the Fathers of the Church; the various Councils and most +important Ecclesiastical Historians, Liturgical writers, &c." +issued by Leslie, of 58. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn, which +is one which will greatly interest all readers of the peculiar +class to whom it is more particularly addressed.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The same may be said of the excellent "Catalogue of Old and New +Books (Part CIV)," just delivered by Petheramm of 94. High Holborn: +which, in addition to theological works, exhibits many valuable +productions in historical and general literature.</p> +<p>Bernard Quarritch's "Catalogue of Foreign Books and Classics, +selling at 16. Castle Street, Leicester Square," well deserves the +attention of philologists. It is rich, not only in works +illustrative of the Oriental languages and literature, but also in +those of Germany and Scandinavia. Indeed, it is one which should be +looked into by all students of foreign literature.</p> +<p>Some curious articles, more especially in early Italian and +French literature, and on the subject of Alchymy, Astrology, Magic, +&c., will be found in a "Catalogue of Interesting and Rare +Books on sale, by George Bumstead, No. 205. High Holborn."</p> +<p>William Nield, 46. Burlington Arcade is, we believe a new +candidate for the favours of the purchasers of old books. His first +Catalogue contains some curious Articles in the departments of +Demonology and Witchcraft; a few varieties belonging to the +"Marprelate" class such as "Penri's Exhortation;" and a fine +collection of Classical Music.</p> +<p>Lastly, let us mention what cannot but interest many reader of +"NOTES AND QUERIES," that Mr. Lumley, of 56. Chancery Lane, having +purchased the stock of Society of Antiquaries' publications has +divided the volumes of the Archælogia, and has just put forth +a Catalogue of the separate papers, which are for sale, and of +which he says very truly, "their value cannot be disputed," and +they are "now for the first time offered thus to the Public."</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page63" id="page63"></a>{63}</span> +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> +<p>BURNEY'S TREATISE ON MUSIC (not his History).</p> +<p>GRAY'S ELEGY (PROFESSOR YOUNG OF GLASGOW'S CRITISCISM OF).</p> +<p>LIFE OF HON. ROBERT PRICE, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. +London. 1734.</p> +<p>FLORES BERNARDI.</p> +<p>REGNORUM, PROVINCIARUM, CIVITATUMQUE NOMINA LATINA (CORONELLI, +POTIUS ALPHONSUS LASOR A VAREA). Fol. 2 Vols. Venet. 1716. Or the +2nd Vol. only.</p> +<p>BUDDEN'S DISCOURSE FOR PARENTS' HONOUR AND AUTHORITIE. 8vo. +1666.</p> +<p>THE TWO WOLVES IN LAMB'S SKINS, OR OLD ELI'S LAMENTATION OVER +HIS TWO SONS. 8vo. 1716.</p> +<p>AVERELL'S FOUR NOTABLE HISTORIES, ETC. 4to. 1590.</p> +<p>NATURE, A POEM. Folio. 1736.</p> +<p>BARNEFIELD'S PLOWMAN'S COMPLAINT. 4to. 1580.</p> +<p>GILL'S INSTRUCTIONS FOR CHILDREN, in Verse. 1709.</p> +<p>JERMIN'S FATHER'S INSTITUTION OF HIS CHILD. 1658.</p> +<p>PASSIONAEL EPTE DAT LEVENT DER HELLIG N. Folio. Basil. +MDXXII.</p> +<h3>Odd Volumes</h3> +<p>SOUTHEY'S COWPER. Vols. X. XII. XIII. XIV.</p> +<p>CAIRN'S EDITION OF GOLDSMITH'S MISCELLANEOUS WORKS. Edinburgh. +1801. Vol. III.</p> +<p>SHAKSPEARE'S DRAMATIC WORKS.—The <i>Fourth</i> Volume of +WHITTINGHAM'S Edition, in 7 vols. 24mo. Chiswick. 1814.</p> +<p>COOPER'S (C.P.) ACCOUNT OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PUBLIC RECORDS. +8vo. 1832.—The First Volume of</p> +<p>LIVY.—Vol. I. of Crevier's Edition. 6 vols. 4to. Paris. +1739.</p> +<p>Letters stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," +186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> +<p><i>The matter is so generally understood with regard to the +management of periodical works, that it is hardly necessary for the +Editor to say that</i> HE CANNOT UNDERTAKE TO RETURN MANUSCRIPTS; +<i>but on one point he wishes to offer a few words of explanation +to his correspondents in general, and particularly to those who do +not enable him to communicate with them except in print. They will +see, on a very little reflection, that it is plainly his interest +to take all he can get, and make the most, and the best of +everything; and therefore he begs them to take for granted that +their communications are received, and appreciated, even if the +succeeding Number bears no proof of it. He is convinced that the +want of specific acknowledgment will only be felt by those who have +no idea of the labour and difficulty attendant on the hurried +management of such a work, and of the impossibility of sometimes +giving an explanation when there really is one which would quite +satisfy the writer, for the delay or non-insertion of his +communication. Correspondents in such cases have no reason, and if +they understood an editor's position they would feel that they have +no right, to consider themselves undervalued; but nothing short of +personal experience in editorship would explain to them the +perplexities and evil consequences arising from an opposite +course</i>.</p> +<hr /> +<p><i>Surely</i> MELANION <i>is too hard upon our correspondents +and too</i> exigeant <i>towards ourselves. He would place us in a +singular position. He should consider that we have not opened lists +for all comers to tilt against each other. We invite</i> +litterateurs <i>to a</i> re-union, <i>in which they may give and +receive mutual help and aid; but, in order to do so, they must +tolerate each others' little peculiarities, and not espy offence in +them</i>.</p> +<p><i>The Index so kindly offered by</i> MELANION <i>is declined +with many thanks</i>.</p> +<p><i>Answers to several outstanding Queries in our next</i>.</p> +<p>COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVED.—<i>W.—A +Subscriber—F.G.S.—Rev. L.B. +Larking.—J.J.S.—J. +Britton.—T.G.—V.—S.W.S.—C.B.—R.J.S.—Melanion.—W.L.—C.A.H.—Anglo-Cambrian—T. +De +Sternberg.—Q.X.Z.—A.J.E.—Q.D.—F.F.B.—Scotus.—R.D.—P.—Cecil +Moore.—A Hapless +Hunter.—E.—C.H.D.—Q.Q.—P.C.S.S.—J.R.P.—X.X.X.—G.J.K.—F.R.A</i>.</p> +<p>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED.—<i>We believe that this will +prove one of the most useful divisions of our weekly Sheet. +Gentlemen who may be unable to meet with any book or volume of +which they are in want may, upon furnishing name, date, size, +&c., have it inserted in this List</i> free of cost. <i>Persons +having such volumes to dispose of are requested to send reports of +price, &c., to Mr. Bell, our Publisher</i>.</p> +<p><i>We have received many complaints of a difficulty in procuring +our paper. Every Bookseller and Newsvendor will supply it</i> if +ordered, <i>and gentlemen residing in the country may be supplied +regularly with the Stamped Edition by giving their orders direct to +the publisher</i>, Mr. GEORGE BELL, 186. 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A reference to 27,000 works on +Biography. 4to. boards. 2<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i></p> +<p>WILLIAMS and NORGATE will be happy to ANSWER ALL QUERIES +respecting German Books, and things relating thereunto, as far as +their experience and extensive works of reference enable them to +do.</p> +<p>WILLIAMS and NORGATE, 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at +No. 5. New Street Square in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of +London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in +the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, +Publisher, at No. 186 Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, +November 24, 1849.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13513 ***</div> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0888da0 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #13513 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/13513) diff --git a/old/13513-8.txt b/old/13513-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9bc6c7e --- /dev/null +++ b/old/13513-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2059 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 4, Saturday, November +24, 1849, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 4, Saturday, November 24, 1849 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September 23, 2004 [EBook #13513] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 4, *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 4.] SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 1849 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {49} + +CONTENTS. + +Our Progress and Prospects. 49 + +NOTES:-- +Luther and Erasmus, by John Bruce. 50 +Hallam's Middle Ages. 51 +Adversaria I.--Writers of Notes on Fly-leaves. 51 +Origin of Grog and Ancient Alms-Basins. 52 +Dyce v. Warburton and Collier. 53 +Food of the People, by J.T. Hammack. 54 +Bishop Barnaby. 55 +Trade Editions. 55 +Dibdin's Typograph Antiquities, by Rev. Dr. Maitland. 56 +Queries answered, II., by Bolton Corney. 56 +Madoc's Expedition to America. 57 + +QUERIES:-- +"Clouds" or Shrouds, in Shakspeare. 58 +Medal of Pretender, by B. Nightingale. 58 +Roger de Coverley. 59 +Landed and Commercial Policy of England. 59 +The Rev. Thomas Leman. 59 +Gothic Architecture. 59 +Katherine Pegg. 59 +Queries on Mediæval Geography. 60 +Myles Bloomfylde and William Bloomfield on Alchymy. 60 +Thynne's Collection of Chancellors. 60 +Cold Harbour. 60 +Statistics of the Roman Catholic Church. 61 +Incumbents of Church Livings. 61 +Curse of Scotland, by Edward Hawkins. 61 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- +Notes of Book-Sales, Catalogues, &c. 61 +Books and Odd Volumes wanted. 63 +Notices to Correspondents. 63 + + * * * * * + +OUR PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS. + +When we consulted our literary friends as to the form and manner in +which it would be most expedient to put forth our "NOTES AND QUERIES," +more than one suggested to us that our paper should appear only once a +month, or at all events not more frequently than once a fortnight, on +the ground that a difficulty would be experienced in procuring materials +for more frequent publication. We felt, however, that if such a medium +of Inter-communication, as we proposed to establish was, as we believed, +really wanted, frequency of publication was indispensable. Nothing but a +weekly publication would meet what we believed to be the requirements of +literary men. We determined, therefore, to publish a Number every +Saturday; and the result has so far justified our decision, that the +object of our now addressing our readers is to apologise to the many +friends whose communications we are again unavoidably compelled to +postpone; and to explain that we are preparing to carry out such further +improvements in our arrangements as will enable us to find earlier +admission for all the communications with which we are favoured. + +One other word. It has been suggested to us that in inviting Notes, +Comments, and Emendations upon the works of Macaulay, Hallam, and other +living authors, we may possibly run a risk of offending those eminent +men. We hope not. We are sure that this outght not to be the case. Had +we not recognised the merits of such works, and the influence they were +destined to exercise over men's minds, we should not have opened our +pages for the purpose of receiving, much less have invited, corrections +of the mistakes into which the most honest and the most able of literary +inquirers must sometimes fall. Only those who have meddled in historical +research can be aware of the extreme difficulty, the all but +impossibility, of ascertaining the exact or the whole truth, amidst the +numerous minute and often apparently contradictory facts which present +themselves to the notice of all inquirers. In this very number a +correspondent comments upon an inference drawn by Mr. Hallam from a +passage in Mabillon. In inserting such a communication we show the +respect we feel for Mr. Hallam, and our {50} sense of the services which +he has rendered to historical knowledge. Had we believed that if he has +fallen into a mistake in this instance, it had been not merely a +mistake, but a deliberate perversion of the truth, we should have +regarded both book and writer with indifference, not to say with +contempt. It is in the endeavour to furnish corrections of little +unavoidable slips in such good honest books--albeit imperfect as all +books must be--that we hope at once to render good service to our +national literature, and to show our sense of genius, learning, and +research which have combined to enrich it by the production of works of +such high character and last influence. + + * * * * * + + +NOTES + +LATIN EPIGRAM AGAINST LUTHER AND ERASMUS. + +Mr. Editor,--Your correspondent "Roterodamus" (pp. 27, 28) asks, I hope, +for the author of the epigram which he quotes, with a view to a life of +his great townsman, Erasmus. Such a book, written by some competent +hand, and in an enlarged and liberal spirit, would be a noble addition +to the literature of Europe. There is no civilised country that does not +feel an interest in the labours and in the fame of Erasmus. I am able to +answer your correspondents question, but it is entirely by chance. I +read the epigram which he quotes several years ago, in a book of a kind +which one would like to see better known in this country--a +typographical or bibliographical history of Douay. It is entitled, +"_Bibliographie Douaisienne, ou Catalogue Historique et Raisonné des +Livres imprimés à Douai depuis l'année 1563 jusqu'a nos jours, avec des +notes bibliographiques et littéraires; Par H.R. Duthilloeul. 8vo. Douai, +1842_." The 111th book noticed in the volume is entitled, "_Epigrammata +in Hæreticos. Authore Andrea Frusio, Societatis Jesu. Tres-petit in 8vo. +1596_." The book is stated to contain 251 epigrams, "aimed," says M. +Duthilloeul, "at the heretics and their doctrines. The author has but +one design, which is to render odious and ridiculous, the lives, +persons, and errors of the apostles of the Reformation." He quotes three +of the epigrams, the third being the one your correspondent has given +you. It has this title, "_De Lutheri et Erasmi differentia_," and is the +209th epigram in the book. + +I have never met with a copy of the work of Frusius, nor do I know any +thing of him as an author. The learned writer who pours out a store of +curious learning in the pages of _Gentleman's Magazine_ is more likely +than any body that I know to tell you something about him. + +Mons. Duthilloeul quotes another epigram from the same book upon the +_Encomium Moriæ_, but it is too long and too pointless for your pages. +He adds another thing which is more in your way, namely, that a former +possessor of the copy of the work then before him had expressed his +sense of the value of these "epigrammes dévotes" in the following +NOTE:-- + + "_Nollem carere hoe libello auro nequidem contra pensitato_." + +Perhaps some one who possesses or has access to the book would give us a +complete list of the persons who are the subjects of these defamatory +epigrams. And I may add, as you invite us to put our queries, Is not +Erasmus entitled to the distinction of being regarded as the author of +the work which the largest single edition has ever been printed and +sold? Mr. Hallam mentions that, "in the single year 1527, Colinæus +printed 24,000 copies of the _Colloquies_, all of which were sold." This +is the statement of Moreri. Bayle gives some additional information. +Quoting a letter of Erasmus as his authority, he says, that Colinæus, +who--like the Brussels and American reprinters of our day--was printing +the book at Paris from a Basle edition, entirely without the concurrence +of Erasmus, and without any view of his participation in the profit, +circulated a report that the book was about to be prohibited by the Holy +See. The curiosity of the public was excited. Every one longed to secure +a copy. The enormous edition--for the whole 24,000 was but one +impression--was published contemporaneously with the report. It was a +cheap and elegant book, and sold as fast as it could be handed over the +booksellers counter. As poor Erasmus had no pecuniary benefit {51} from +the edition, he ought to have the credit which arises from this proof of +his extraordinary popularity. The public, no doubt, enjoyed greatly his +calm but pungent exposure of the absurd practices which were rife around +them. That his humorous satire was felt by its objects, is obvious from +this epigram, as well as from a thousand other evidences. + +JOHN BRUCE. + + * * * * * + +HALLAMS MIDDLE AGES--ALLEGED IGNORANCE OF THE CLERGY. + +Sir,--When reading Hallam's _History of the Middle Ages_ a short time +ago I was startled by the following passage which occurs amongst other +evidences of the ignorance of the clergy during the period subsequent to +the dissolution of the Roman Empire. + + "Not one priest in a thousand in Spain about the age of + Charlemagne, could address a common letter of salutation to + another."--_Hallam's Middle Ages_, vol. iii. p. 332. + +And for this statement he refers to Mabillon, _De Re Diplomatica_, p. +52. + +On referring to Mabillon, I find that the passage runs as follows:-- + + "Christiani posthabitis scripturis sanctis, earumque + interpretibus, Arabum Chaldæorumque libris evolvendis + incumbentes, legem suam nesciebant, et linguam propriam non + advertebant latinam, ita ut ex omni Christi collegio vix + inveniretur unus in milleno hominum genere, qui salutatorias + fratri posset rationabiliter dirigere litteras." + +So that although Mabillon says that scarce one in a thousand could +address a _Latin_ letter to another, yet he by no means says that it was +on account of their general ignorance, but because they were addicting +themselves to other branches of learning. They were devoting all their +energies to Arabic and Chaldæan science, and in their pursuit of it +neglected other literature. A similar remark might be made of respecting +many distinguished members of the University to which I belong; yet who +would feel himself justified in inferring thence that Cambridge was sunk +in ignorance? + +CANTAB. + + * * * * * + +ADVERSARIA + + [In our Prospectus we spoke of NOTES AND QUERIES becoming + everybody's common-place book. The following very friendly + letter from an unknown correspondent, G.J.K., urges us to carry + out such an arrangement. + + "Sir,--I beg leave to forward you a contribution for your 'NOTES + AND QUERIES,' a periodical which is, I conceive, likely to do a + vast deal of good by bringing literary men of all shades of + opinion into closer juxtaposition than they have hitherto been. + + "I would, however, suggest that in future numbers a space might + be allotted for the reception of those articles (short of + course), which students and literary men in general, transfer to + their common-place books; such as notices of scarce or curious + books, biographical or historical curiosities, remarks on + ancient or obsolete customs, &c. &c. &c. Literary men are + constantly meeting with such in the course of their reading, and + how much better would it be if, instead of transferring them to + a MS. book to be seen only by themselves, or perhaps a friend or + two, they would forward them to a periodical, in which they + might be enshrined in imperishable pica; to say nothing of the + benefits such a course of proceeding would confer on those who + might not have had the same facilities of gaining the + information thus made public. + + "In pursuance of this suggestion, I have forwarded the inclosed + paper, and should be happy, from time to time, to contribute + such gleanings from old authors, &c. as I might think worth + preserving. + + "G.J.K." + +We readily comply with G.J.K.'s suggestion, and print, as the first of +the series, his interesting communication, entitled:] + +1. _Writers of Notes on Fly-leaves, &c._ + +The Barberini Library at Rome contains a vast number of books covered +with marginal notes by celebrated writers, such as Scaliger, Allatius, +Holstentius, David Haeschel, Barbadori, and above all, Tasso, who has +annotated with his own hand more than fifty volumes. Valery, in his +_Voyages en Italie_, states that a Latin version of Plato is not only +annotated by the hand of Tasso, but also by his father, Bernardo; a fact +which sufficiently proves how deeply the language and philosophy of the +Greek writers were studied in the family. The remarks upon the _Divina +Commedia_, which, despite the opinion of Serassi, appear to be +authentic, attest the profound study which, from his youth, Tasso had +made of the great poets, and the lively admiration he displayed for +their works. There is also in existence a copy of the Venice edition of +the _Divina Commedia_ (1477), with autograph notes by Bembo. + +Christina of Sweden had quite a mania for writing in her books. In the +library of the Roman College (at Rome) there are several books annotated +by her, amongst others a {52} Quintus Curtius, in which, as it would +appear, she criticises very freely the conduct of Alexander. "_He +reasons falsely in this case_," she writes on one page; and elsewhere, +"_I should have acted diametrically opposite; I should have pardoned_;" +and again, further on, "_I should have exercised clemency_;" an +assertion, however, we may be permitted to doubt, when we consider what +sort of clemency was exercised towards Monaldeschi. Upon the fly-leaf of +a Seneca (Elzevir), she has written, "_Adversus virtutem possunt +calamitates damna et injuriæ quod adversus solem nebulæ possunt_." The +library of the Convent of the Holy Cross of Jerusalem at Rome, possesses +a copy of the _Bibliotheca Hispanu_, in the first volume of which the +same princess has written on the subject of a book relating to her +conversion: [1] "_Chi l'ha scritta, non lo sa; chi lo sa, non l'ha mai +scritta_." + +Lemontey has published some very curious _Memoirs_, which had been +entirely written on the fly-leaves and margins of a missal by J. de +Coligny, who died in 1686. + +Racine, the French tragic poet, was also a great annotator of his books; +the Bibliothèque National at Paris possesses a Euripides and +Aristophanes from his library, the margins of which are covered with +notes in Greek, Latin, and French. + +The books which formerly belonged to La Monnoie are now recognizable by +the anagram of his name. _A Delio nomen_, and also by some very curious +notes on the fly-leaves and margins written in microscopic characters. + +G.J.K. + +[Footnote 1: Conversion de la Reina de Suecia in Roma (1656).] + + * * * * * + +ORIGIN OF WORD "GROG." + +Mr. Vaux writes as follows:--Admiral Vernon was the first to require his +men to drink their spirits mixed with water. In bad weather he was in +the habit of walking the deck in a rough _grogram_ cloak, and thence had +obtained the nickname of _Old Grog_ in the Service. This is, I believe, +the origin of the name _grog_, applied originally to _rum_ and _water_. +I find the same story repeated in a quaint little book, called Pulleyn's +_Etymological Compendium_. + + [A.S. has communicated a similar explanation; and we are obliged + to "An old LADY who reads for Pastime" for kindly furnishing us + with a reference to a newly published American work, _Lifts for + the Lazy_, where the origin of "Grog" is explained in the same + manner. + + The foregoing was already in type when we received the following + agreeable version of the same story.] + + * * * * * + +ORIGIN OF WORD "GROG"--ANCIENT ALMS-BASINS. + +Mr. Editor,--As a sailor's son I beg to answer your correspondent +LEGOUR'S query concerning the origin of the word "grog," so famous in +the lips of our gallant tars. Jack loves to give a pet nickname to his +favourite officers. The gallant Edward Vernon (a Westminster man by +birth) was not exempted from the general rule. His gallantry and ardent +devotion to his profession endeared him to the service, and some merry +wags of the crew, in an idle humour, dubbed him "Old Grogham." Whilst in +command of the West Indian station, and at the height of his popularity +on account of his reduction of Porto Bello with six men-of-war only, he +introduced the use of rum and water by the ship's company. When served +out, the new beverage proved most palatable, and speedily grew into such +favour, that it became as popular as the brave admiral himself, and in +honour of him was surnamed by acclamation "Grog." + +MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + +P.S.--There are two other alms-basins in St. Margaret's worthy of note, +besides those I mentioned in your last number. One has the inscription, +"Live well, die never; die well and live ever. A.D. 1644 W.G." The other +has the appropriate legend, "Hee that gives too the poore lends unto +thee LORD." A third bears the Tudor rose in the centre. In an Inventory +made about the early part of the 17th century, are mentioned "one Bason +given by Mr. Bridges, of brasse." (The donor was a butcher in the +parish.) "Item, one bason, given by Mr. Brugg, of brasse." On the second +basin are the arms and crest of the Brewers' Company. Perhaps Mr. Brugg +was a member of it. One Richard Bridges was a churchwarden, A.D. +1630-32. + +M.W. + +7. College Street. Nov. 17. + + * * * * * {53} + +DYCE VERSUS WARBURTON AND COLLIER--AND SHAKSPEARE'S MSS. + +In Mr. Dyce's _Remarks on Mr. J.P. Collier's and Mr. C. Knight's +Editions of Shakspeare_, pp. 115, 116, the following note occurs:-- + + "_King Henry IV., Part Second_, act iv. sc. iv. + + "As humorous as winter, and as sudden + As _flaws_ congealed in the spring of day." + + "Alluding," says Warburton, "to the opinion of some + philosophers, that the vapours being congealed in air by cold, + (which is most intense towards the morning,) and being + afterwards rarified and let loose by the warmth of the sun, + occasion those sudden and impetuous guests of wind which are + called flaws."--COLLIER. + + "An interpretation altogether wrong, as the epithet here applied + to 'flaws' might alone determine; '_congealed_ gusts of wind' + being nowhere mentioned among the phenomena of nature except in + Baron Munchausen's _Travels_. Edwards rightly explained 'flaws,' + in the present passage, 'small blades of ice.' I have myself + heard the word used to signify both _thin cakes of ice_ and the + _bursting of those cakes_."--DYCE. + +Mr. Dyce may perhaps have heard the world _floe_ (plural _floes_) +applied to _floating sheet-ice_, as it is to be found so applied +extensively in Captain Parry's _Journal of his Second Voyage_; but it +remains to be shown whether such a term existed in Shakspeare's time. I +think it did not, as after diligent search I have not met with it; and, +if it did, and then had the same meaning, _floating sheet-ice_, how +would it apply to the illustration of this passage? + +That the uniform meaning of _flaws_ in the poet's time was _sudden gust +of wind_, and figuratively sudden gusts of passion, or fitful and +impetuous action, is evident from the following passages:-- + + "Like a red morn, that ever yet betoken'd + Wreck to the seamen, tempest to the field, + Sorrow to shepherds, woe unto the birds, + _Gust_ and foul _flaws_ to herdsmen and to herds." + _Venus and Adonis._ + + "Like a great sea-mark standing every _flaw_." + _Coriolanus_, act v. sc. iii. + + "--patch a wall to expel the winter's _flaw_." + _Hamlet_, act v. sc. i. + + "Like to the glorious sun's transparent beams + Do calm the fury of this mad-bred _flaw_." + _3d Pt. Henry VI._, act iii. sc. i. + + "--these _flaws_ and starts (impostors to true + fear)." + _Macbeth_, act iv. sc. iv. + + "Falling in the _flaws_ of her own youth, hath + blistered her report." + _Meas. for Meas._, act ii. sc. iii. + +So far for the poet's acceptation of its meaning. + +Thus also Lord Surrey:-- + + "And toss'd with storms, with _flaws_, with wind, with weather." + +And Beaumont and Fletcher, in _The Pilgrim_:-- + + "What _flaws_, and whirles of weather, + Or rather storms, have been aloft these three days." + +Shakspeare followed the popular meteorology of his time, as will appear +from the following passage from a little ephemeris then very frequently +reprinted:-- + + "_De Repentinis Ventis_. + + "8. Typhon, Plinio, Vortex, aliis Turbo, et vibratus Ecnephias, + de _nube gelida_ (ut dictum est) abruptum aliquid sæpe numero + secum voluit, ruinamque suam illo pondere aggravat: quem + _repentinum flatum_ à nube prope terram et mare depulsum, + definuerunt quidam, ubi in gyros rotatur, et proxima (ut + monuimus) verrit, suáque vi sursum raptat."--MIZALDUS, + _Ephemeridis Æris Perpetuus: seu Rustica tempestatum + Astrologia_, 12º Lutet. 1584. + +I have sometimes thought that Shakspeare may have written:-- + + "As flaws cong_est_ed in the spring of day." + +It is an easy thing to have printed cong_eal_ed for that word, and +_congest_ occurs in _A Lover's Complaint_. Still I think change +unnecessary. + +Has the assertion made in _An Answer to Mr. Pope's Preface to +Shakspeare_, by a Strolling Player, 1729, respecting the destruction of +the poet's MSS. papers, been ever verified? If that account is +authentic, it will explain the singular dearth of all autograph remains +of one who must have written so much. As the pamphlet is not common, I +transcribe the essential passage:-- + + "How much it is to be lamented that _Two large Chests_ full of + this GREAT MAN'S _loose papers_ and _Manuscripts_ in the hands + of an ignorant _Baker of_ WARWICK (who married one of the + descendants from Shakspear), were carelessly scattered and + thrown about as Garret Lumber and Litter, to {54} the particular + knowledge of the late _Sir William Bishop_; till they were all + consum'd in the general Fire and Destruction of that Town." + +S.W.S. + +Mickleham, Nov. 14. 1849. + + [We cannot insert the interesting Query which our correspondent + has forwarded on the subject of the disappearance of + Shakespeare's MSS. without referring to the ingenious suggestion + upon that subject so skilfully brought forward by the Rev. + Joseph Hunter in his _New Illustrations of the Life, Studies, + and Writings of Shakspeare_, vol. i. p. 105.:--"That the entire + disappearance of all manuscripts of Shakspeare, so entire that + no writing of his remains except his name, and only one letter + ever addressed to him, is in some way connected with the + religious turn which his posterity took, in whose eyes there + would be much to be lamented in what they must, I fear, have + considered a prostitution of the noble talents which had been + given him."] + + * * * * * + +FOOD OF THE PEOPLE.--BILLS OF FARE IN 1683--HUMBLE PIE. + +The food of the people must always be regarded as an important element +in estimating the degree of civilization of a nation, and its position +in the social scale. Mr. Macaulay, in his masterly picture of the state +of England at the period of the accession of James II., has not failed +to notice this subject as illustrative of the condition of the working +classes of that day. He tells us that meat, viewed relatively with +wages, was "so dear that hundreds of thousands of families scarcely knew +the taste of it.... The great majority of the nation lived almost +entirely on rye, barley, and oats." (_Hist. Eng._ vol. i. p. 418., 4th +ed.) + +It is not uninteresting to inquire (and having found, it is worth making +a note of) what sort of fare appeared on the tables of the upper and +middle classes,--who, unlike their poorer neighbours, were in a +condition to gratify their gastronomic preferences in the choice and +variety of their viands,--with the view of determining whether the +extraordinary improvement which has taken place in the food of the +labouring population has been equally marked in that of the wealthier +orders. + +Pepys, who was unquestionably a lover of good living, and never tired of +recording his feastings off "brave venison pasty," or "turkey pye," has +given in his _Diary_ many curious notices of the most approved dishes of +his day. The following "Bills of fare" of the period referred to speak, +however, directly to the point; they are taken from a work entitled, +_The accomplisht Lady's Delight, in Preserving, Physick, Beautifying, +and Cookery_. London, printed for B. Harris, 1683. + + "_A Bill of fare for a Gentleman's House about Candlemas._ + + "1. A Pottage with a Hen. 2. A _Chatham_-pudding. 3. A Fricacie + of Chickens. 4. A leg of mutton with a Sallet. Garnish your + dishes with Barberries. + + "_Second Course._ 1. A chine of Muton. 2. A chine of Veal. 3. + Lark-pye. 4. A couple of Pullets, one larded. Garnished with + orange slices. + + "_Third Course._ 1. A dish of Woodcocks. 2. A couple of Rabbits. + 3. A dish of Asparagus. 4. A Westphalia Gammon. + + "_Last Course._ 1. Two orange tarts, one with herbs. 2. A Bacon + Tart. 3. An apple Tart. 4. A dish of Bon-chriteen pears. 5. A + dish of Pippins. 6. A dish of Pearmains. + + "_A Banquet for the same Season._ + + "1. A dish of Apricots. 2. A dish of marmalade of Pippins. 3. A + dish of preserved Cherries. 4. A whole red Quince. 5. A dish of + dryed sweet-meats. + + "_A Bill of Fare upon an extraordinary Occasion._ + + "1. A collar of brawn. 2. A couple of Pullets boyled. 3. A bisk + of Fish. 4. A dish of Carps. 5. A grand boyled Meat. 6. A grand + Sallet. 7. A venison pasty. 8. A roasted Turkey. 9. A fat pig. + 10. A powdered Goose. 11. A haunch of Venison roasted. 12. A + Neats-tongue and Udder roasted. 13. A Westphalia Ham boyled. 14. + A Joll of Salmon. 15. Mince pyes. 16. A Surloyn of roast beef. + 17. Cold baked Meats. 18. A dish of Custards. + + "_Second Course._ 1. Jellies of all sorts. 2. A dish of + Pheasants. 3. A Pike boyled. 4. An oyster pye. 5. A dish of + Plovers. 6. A dish of larks. 7. A Joll of Sturgeon. 8. A couple + of Lobsters. 9. A lamber pye. 10. A couple of Capons. 11. A dish + of Partridges. 12. A fricacy of Fowls. 13. A dish of Wild Ducks. + 14. A dish of cram'd chickens. 15. A dish of stewed oysters. 16. + A Marchpane. 17. A dish of Fruits. 18. An umble pye." + +The fare suggested for "Fish days" is no less various and abundant; +twelve dishes are enumerated for the first course, and sixteen for the +second. Looking at the character of these viands, some of which would +not discredit the genius of a Soyer or a Mrs. Glasse, {55} it seems +pretty evident that in the article of food the labouring classes have +been the greatest gainers since 1687. + +Few things are more suggestive of queries--as everybody knows from +experience--than the products of culinary art. I will not, however, +further trespass on space which may be devoted to a more dignified +topic, than by submitting the following. + +_Query._--Does the phrase "to eat humble pie," used to signify a forced +humiliation, owe its origin to the "umble pye" specified above? + +J.T. HAMMACK + + * * * * * + +BISHOP BARNABY. + +Mr. Editor,--Legour asks, why the people in Suffolk call a lady-bird +"Bishop Barnaby?" + +I give the following from the late Major Moor's _Suffolk Words_. + + "Bishop-Barney. The golden bug. See Barnabee. In Tasser's _Ten + Unwelcome Guests in the Dairy_, he enumerates 'the Bishop that + burneth' (pp. 142. 144.), in an ambiguous way, which his + commentator does not render at all clear. I never heard of this + calumniated insect being an unwelcome guest in the dairy; but + Bishop-Barney, or Burney, and Barnabee, or Burnabee, and + Bishop-that-burneth, seem, in the absence of explanation to be + nearly related--in sound at any rate. Under _Barnabee_ it will + be seen that _burning_ has some connection with the history of + this pretty insect." + + "Barnabee," writes the Major, "the golden-bug, or lady-bird; + also Bishop-Barney: which see. This pretty little, and very + useful insect, is tenderly regarded by our children. One + settling on a child is always sent away with this sad + valediction:-- + + "Gowden-bug, gowden-bug, fly away home, + Yar house is bahnt deown and yar children all gone." + +To which I add another nursery doggerel less sad:-- + + "Bishop, Bishop-Barnabee, + Tell me when your wedding be, + If it be to-morrow day + Take your wings and fly away." + +The Major adds, "It is sure to fly off on the third repetition." + +"Burnt down," continues the Major, "gives great scope to our country +euphonic twang, altogether inexpressible in type; _bahnt deeyown_ comes +as near to it as my skill in orthography will allow." + +Ray, in his _South and East Country Words_, has this:-- + + "Bishop, the little spotted beetle, commonly called the lady-cow + or lady-bird. I have heard this insect in other places called + golden-knop, and doubtless in other countries it hath other + names. (_E. W._ p. 70) Golden-bugs the common Suffolk name." + +J.G. +Southwold, Nov. 16. 1849. + + * * * * * + +TRADE EDITIONS--COTTLE'S LIFE OF COLERIDGE. + +Sir,--In the 2nd vol. of Mr. Collier's valuable and interesting +_Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers' Company_, p. 28, is the +following entry:-- + + "Thos. Dason. Licensed unto him the praise of follie; to print + not above xv° of any impression, with this condition, that any + of the Company may laie on with him, reasonablie at every + impression, as they think good, and that he shall gyve + reasonable knowledge before to them as often as he shall print + it." + +This is both curious and important information as being, in all +probability, the earliest recorded instance of a custom still kept up +amongst booksellers, and which now passes under the designation of a +"Trade edition;" the meaning of which being, that the copyright, instead +of being the exclusive property of one person, is divided into shares +and held by several. There are Trade editions of such voluminous authors +as Shakspeare, Gibbon, Hume, and Robertson, for instance; and Alison's +_Europe_, if published half a century back, might in all probability +have been added to the list. The difference between the ancient and the +modern usage appears to be this, that formerly when the type was set up +for an edition "any of the company may laie on, (these two last words +are still technically used by printers for supplying type with paper,) +reasonablie at every impression," &c.; in other words, may print as many +copies from the type "as they think good;" whereas now, the edition is +first printed, and then the allotment of the copies, and the actual cost +of them is made, according to the number of shares. + +If this is a "Note" worth registering, it is much at your service, +whilst for a "Query," I should be very glad to be informed, when a very +able review, the date of which I neglected {56} to make at the time, +appeared in the _Times_ newspaper, of the 2nd edition of Cottle's _Life +of Coleridge_. + +With many good wishes for the success of your register, + +I remain, &c. + +JOHN MILAND. + + * * * * * + +DIBDIN'S TYPOGRAPHICAL ANTIQUITIES. + +Sir,--I am very glad to have elicited the information contained in your +number just published respecting the copy of Borde's work in the Chetham +Library. As I have a great respect for Mr. Ames, I must remark that he +had no share in the blunder, and whenever a new edition of his work is +undertaken, it will be well to look rather curiously into the +enlargements of Dibdin. In the mean time this information naturally +leads to another Query--or rather, to more than one--namely, "_Had_ Mr. +Bindley's copy this unique imprint? and what became of it at the sale +of his books? or is it only one of the imaginary editions which give +bibliographers so much trouble?" Perhaps some one of your correspondents +may be able to give information. + +Yours, &c. + +S.R. MAITLAND. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES ANSWERED, NO. 2 + +MADOC THE SON OF OWEN GWYNED. + +The student who confines himself to a single question, may fairly expect +a prompt and precise answer. To ask for general information on a +particular subject, may be a less successful experiment. Who undertakes +extensive research except for an especial purpose? Who can so far +confide in his memory as to append his name to a list of authorities +without seeming to prove his own superficiality? I throw out these ideas +for consideration, just as they arise; but neither wish to repress the +curiosity of _querists_, nor to prescribe bounds to the communicative +disposition of _respondents_. + +Did Madoc, son of Owen Gwynedd, prince of Wales, discover America? +Stimulated by the importance of the question, and accustomed to admire +the spirit of maritime enterprise, at whatever period it may have been +called into action, I have sometimes reflected on this debatable +point--but can neither affirm nor deny it. + +I advise the _student_, as a preliminary step to the inquiry, to attempt +a collection of all the accessible evidence, historical and +ethnographic, and to place the materials which pertain to each class in +the order of time. The historical evidence exists, I believe +exclusively, in the works of the chroniclers and bards of Wales; and the +ethnographic evidence in the narratives of travellers in America. The +opinions of modern writers, the gifted author of _Madoc_ not excepted, +he is at liberty to consider as _hors-d'oeuere_--to be passed on, or +tasted, _à plaisir_. As an exemplification of this plan, I submit some +short extracts, with critical remarks:-- + + "Madoc another of Owen Gwyneth his sonnes left the land + [North-Wales] in contention betwixt his brethren, and prepared + certaine ships with men and munition, and sought adventures by + seas, sailing west, and leaving the coast of Ireland so far + north, that he came to a land unknowen, where he saw manie + strange things."--CARADOC OF LLANCARVAN, _continued--The + historie of Cambria_, 1584. 4º. p. 227. + + [The history of Caradoc ends with A.D. 1156. The continuation, + to the year 1270, is ascribed by Powel, the editor of the + volume, to the monks of Conway and Stratflur.] + + Carmina Meredith filii Rhesi [Meredydd ab Rhys] mentionem + facientia de Madoco filio Oweni Gwynedd, et de suâ navigatione + in terras incognitas. Vixit hic Meredith circiter annum Domini + 1477. + + Madoc wyf, mwyedic wedd, + Iawn genau, Owen Gwynedd; + Ni fynnum dir, fy enaid oedd, + Na da mawr, ond y moroedd. + + _The same in English._ + + Madoc I am the sonne of Owen Gwynedd + With stature large, and comely grace adorned; + No lands at home nor store of wealth me please, + My minde was whole to searche the ocean seas. + + "These verses I received of my learned friend M. William + Camden." _Richard Hakluyt_, 1589. + + [The eulogy of Meredydd ab Rhys is very indefinite, but deserves + notice on account of its early date. He "flourished," says W. + Owen, "between A.D. 1430 and 1460."] + + "This land must needs be some part of that countrie of which the + Spaniardes affirme themselves to be the first finders sith + Hannos time; ... Whereupon it is manifest, that that countrie + was long before by Brytaines discouered, afore either Columbus + or Americus Vespatius lead anie Spaniardes thither. Of the viage + and returne of this Madoc there be _manie fables fained_, as the + common people doo use in distance of place {57} and length of + time rather to augment than to diminish: but sure it is, that + there he was."--HUMFREY LHOYD, _Additions to the Historie of + Cambria_, p. 228. + + [Lhoyd, who translated the history of Caradoc, and made + considerable additions to it, died in 1568. He mentions the + second voyage of Madoc, but cites no authority.] + + "This Madoc arriving in that westerne countrie, unto the which + he came, in the year 1170, left most of his people there: and + returning backe for more of his owne nation, acquaintance and + freends, to inhabite that faire and large countrie: went thither + againe with ten sailes, as I find noted by Gutyn Owen. I am of + opinion that the land, wherevnto he came, was some part of + Mexico:" etc.--David Powel, S.T.P., note in _The historie of + Cambria_, 1584. 4°. p. 229. + + [The learned Powel relies on the authority of the poet Gutyn + Owen. "He wrote," says W. Owen, "between A.D. 1460 and + 1490"--three centuries after the event in question!] + + _Ethnographic evidence._ + + "They came [anno 1536] to part of the West Indies about Cape + Breton, shaping their course thence north-eastwards, vntill they + camme to the Island of Penguin," etc.--The voyage of master + Hore, in _The principall navigations_, etc. 1589. Fol. + + [Antiquaries consider the mention of _Cape Breton_ and _Penguin + Island_ as evidence. It cannot prove much, as the particulars + were not committed to writing till about half-a-century after + the voyage.] + + "There is also another kinde of foule in that countrey [between + the Gulf of Mexico and Cape Breton] ... they have white heads, + and therefore the country men call them _penguins_ (which + seemeth to be a Welsh nanme). And _they have also in use divers + other Welsh words, a matter worthy the noting_."--The relation + of David Ingram, 1568. in _The principall navigations_, etc. + 1589. Fol. + + [This narrative was compiled from answers to certain + _queries_--perhaps twenty years after the events related.] + + "Afterwards [anno 1669] they [The Doeg Indians] carried us to + their town, and entertained us civilly for four months; and I + did converse with them of many things in the British tongue, and + _did preach to them three times a week in the British tongue_," + etc. Rev. Morgan Jones, 1686.--_British Remains_, 1777. 8°. + + [The editor omits to state how he procured the manuscript. The + paper whence the above is extracted is either decisive of the + question at issue, or a forgery.] + +The _student_ may infer, even from these imperfect hints, that I +consider the subject which he proposes to himself as one which deserves +a strict investigation--provided the collections hereafter described +have ceased to be in existence. + + "With respect to this extraordinary occurence in the history of + Wales, I have collected a multitude of evidences, in conjunction + with Edward Williams, the bard, to prove that Madog must have + reached the American continent; for the descendants of him and + his followers exist there as a nation to this day; and the + present position of which is on the southern branches of the + Missouri river, under the appellations of Padoucas, White + Indians, Civilized Indians, and Welsh Indians."--_William Owen_, + F.A.S. 1803. + +The title prefixed to this paper would be a misnomer, if I did not add a +list of books which it may be desirable to consult:-- + + _On the Scandinavian discoveries._--Mémoires de la société + royale des antiquaires du Nord. 1836-1839. _Copenhague._ 8°. p. + 27.--Historia Vinlandiæ Antiquæ, seu partis Americæ + septentrionalis--per Thormodum Terfæum. _Haviniæ_, 1705. 8°. + 1715. 8°--Antiquitates Americanæ, sive scriptores + septentrionales rerum Ante-Columbianarum in America. _Hafniæ_, + 1837. 4°. + + _On the Welsh discoveries._--The historie of Cambria, now called + Wales--continued by David Powel. _London_, 1584. 4°. The + Myvyrian archaiology of Wales, _London_, 1801-7. 8°. 3 vol. + British remains, by the Rev. N. Owen, A.M. _London_, 1777. 8°. + The Cambrian biography, by William Owen, F.A.S. _London_, 1803. + 8°. Biblithèque Américaine, par H. Ternaux. _Paris_, 1837. 8°. + The principall navigations, voiages and discoveries of the + English nation--by Richard Hakluyt, M.A. _London_, 1589. fol. + +BOLTON CORNEY. + + * * * * * + +MADOC--HIS EXPEDITION TO AMERICA. + +Dr. Plott, in his account, and Lord Monboddo, _Origin and Progress of +Language_, refer to the _Travels of Herbert_ (17th century), lib. iii. +cap. ult., for a full history of this supposed discovery. They derived +it from Meredyth ap Rhys, Gatty Owen, and Cynfyn ap Gronow, A.D. +1478-80. See also _Atheneaum_, Aug. 19. 1848.--Professor Elton's address +at the meeting of the British Association, on this and the earlier +Icelandic discovery. + +The belief in the story has been lately renewed. See _Archæologia +Cambrens_, 4. 65., and _L'Acadie_, by Sir J.E. Alexander, 1849. I will +only observe that in Dr. Plott's account, Madoc was directed by the +_best compass_, and this in 1170! See M'Culloch's _Dictionary of +Commerce_. + +ANGLO-CAMBRIAN. + + * * * * * {58} + +MADOC'S EXPEDITION. + +A traveller informs us that Baron A. von Humboldt urges further search +after this expedition in the Welsh records. He thinks the passage is in +the _Examin Critique_. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES + +"CLOUDS" OR SHROUDS, IN SHAKESPEARE. + +I quite agree with your correspondent D.N.R., that there never has been +an editor of Shakespeare capable of doing him full justice. I will go +farther and say, that there never will be an editor capable of doing him +any thing like justice. I am the most "modern editor" of Shakespeare, +and I am the last to pretend that I am at all capable of doing him +justice: I should be ashamed of myself if I entertained a notion so +ridiculously presumptuous. What I intended was to do him all the justice +in my power, and that I accomplished, however imperfectly. It struck me +that the best mode of attempting to do him any justice was to take the +utmost pains to restore his text to the state in which he left it; and +give me leave, very humbly, to say that this is the chief recommendation +of the edition I superintended through the press, having collated every +line, syllable, and letter, with every known old copy. For this purpose +I saw, consulted and compared every quarto and every folio impression in +the British Museum, at Oxford, at Cambridge, in the libraries of the +Duke of Devonshire and Lord Ellesmere, and in several private +collections. If my edition have no other merit, I venture to assert that +it has this. It was a work of great labour, but it was a work also of +sincere love. It is my boast, and my only boast, that I have restored +the text of Shakespeare, as nearly as possible, to the integrity of the +old copies. + +When your correspondent complains, therefore, that in "Hen. IV. Part 2," +Act III. sc. 1., in the line, + + "With deafening clamours in the slippery clouds," + +the word _shrouds_ is not substituted by editors of Shakespeare for +"clouds," the answer is, that not a single old copy warrants the merely +fanciful emendation, and that it is not at all required by the sense of +the passage. In the 4to of 1600, and in the folio of 1623, the word is +"clouds;" and he must be a very bold editor (in my opinion little +capable of doing justice to any author), who would substitute his own +imaginary improvement, for what we have every reason to believe is the +genuine text. _Shrouds_ instead of "clouds" is a merely imaginary +improvement, supported by no authority, and (as, indeed, your +correspondent shows) without the merit of originality. I am for the text +of Shakespeare as he left it, and as we find it in the most authentic +representations of his mind and meaning. + +J. PAYNE COLLIER. + + * * * * * + +MEDAL OF THE PRETENDER. + +Sir,--Possibly some one of your literary correspondents, who may be +versed in the, what D'Israeli would call _Secret_ History of the +Jacobite Court, will endeavour to answer a "Query" relative to the +following rare medal:-- + + _Obv._ A ship of war bearing the French flag; on the shore a + figure in the dress of a Jesuit (supposed to represent Father + Petre) seated astride of a _Lobster_, holding in his arms the + young Prince of Wales, who has a little windmill on his head. + Legend: "Allons mon Prince, nous sommes en bon chemin." In the + exergue, "Jacc: Franç: Eduard, supposé. 20 Juin, 1688." + + _Rev._ A shield charged with a windmill, and surmounted by a + Jesuit's bonnet; two rows of Beads or Rosaries, for an order or + collar, within which we read "Honny soit qui _non_ y pense;" a + _Lobster_ is suspended from the collar as a badge. Legend: "Les + Armes et l'Ordre du pretendu Prince de Galles." + +The difficulty in the above medal is _the Lobster_, though doubtless it +had an allusion to some topic or scandal of the day; whoever can +elucidate it will render good service to Medallic History, for hitherto +it has baffled all commentators and collectors of medals. The windmill +(indicative of the poplar fable that the Prince was the son of a +miller), and the Roman Catholic symbols, are well understood. + +There is an engraving of this medal in Van Loon's _Histoire Metallique +des Pays Bas_. It is also imperfectly engraved in Edwards' _Medallic +History of England_, for the Jesuit is represented kneeling on the +shore, and Pinkerton, who furnished the text, calls it "a boy kneeling +on the shore." The medal is so rare that probably the artist could +obtain only a rubbed or mutilated impression to engrave from. My +description is from a {59} specimen, in my own collection, as fine as +the day it was minted. + +I may add that both Van Loon and Pinkerton have engraved the legend in +the collar erroneously, "honi soit qui _bon_ y pense;" it should be +"_non_." + +B. NIGHTINGALE. + + * * * * * + +ROGER DE COVERLEY. + +In the _Spectator's_ description of Sir Roger de Coverley it is said, +"that his great-grandfather was the inventor of that famous country +dance which is called after him." To the tune, as printed in Chappell's +_English Melodies_, is appended a note to the effect that it was called +after "Roger of Coverley" (Cowley, near Oxford). + +Can any one inform me-- + +I. Where any notice of that Roger is to be found? + +II. What is the etymon of "Cowley" (Temple Cowley and Church Cowley)? + +III. If any notice of the tune is to be met with earlier than 1695, when +it was printed by H. Playford in his _Dancing Master_? + +W. + + * * * * * + +HISTORY OF LANDED AND COMMERCIAL POLICY OF ENGLAND--HISTORY OF EDWARD +II. + +Who was the author of the two following works?--"Remarks upon the +History of the Landed and Commercial Policy of England, from the +Invasion of the Romans to the Accession of James I. 2 vols. London: +printed for E. Brooke, in Bell Yard, Temple Bar, MDCCLXXXV." + +"The History of the Life, Reign, and Death of Edward II, King of England +and Lord of Ireland, with the Rise and Fall of his great Favourites, +Gaveston and the Spencers. Written by E.F. in the year 1627, and printed +verbatim from the original. London: Printed by J.C. for Charles Harper, +at the Flower-de-Luce in Fleet St.; Samuel Crouch, at the Princes' Arms, +in Pope's head Alley in Cornhill; and Thomas Fox, at the Angel in +Westminster Hall, 1680. (a portrait of Ed. II.)" In the 1st vol. Harl. +Miscell. it is said that the above was found with the papers of the +first Lord Falkland, and is attributed to him. My copy has Faulconbridge +inserted in MS. over the F., and a book plate of Earl Verney, motto +"_Prodesse quam conspici_," with an escutcheon of pretence. + +ANGLO-CAMBRIAN + + * * * * * + +THE REVEREND THOMAS LEMAN. + +Mr. Editor,--Amongst the later authorities on subjects of British-Roman +antiquity, the Rev. Thomas Leman is constantly referred to, and in terms +of great commendation. + +Can you inform me whether that gentleman published any work or made an +avowed communication of any of his researches? His name is not found in +the Index to the _Archæologia_. + +Mr. Leman contributed largely to Mr. Hatcher's edition of _Richard of +Cirencester_; but it is one of the unsatisfactory circumstances of this +work that these contributions, and whatever may have been derived from +the late Bishop of Cloyne, are merely acknowledged in general terms, and +are not distinguished as they occur. + +I believe the MS. of the work was all in Mr. Hatcher's handwriting; some +of your readers may possibly have the means of knowing in what way he +used the materials thus given, or to what extent they were adapted or +annotated by himself. + +A.T. +Coleman Street, Nov. 13. + + * * * * * + +GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. + +Sir,--Will any of your readers favour me with an account of the origin, +as well as the date of introduction, of the term "_Gothic_," as applied +to the Pointed Styles of Ecclesiastical Architecture? + +This Query is, of course, intimately connected with the much-disputed +question of the origin of the Pointed Style itself. But yet I imagine +that the _application_ of the term "_Gothic_" may be found to be quite +distinct, in its origin, from the first rise of the Pointed Arch. The +invention of the Pointed Arch cannot, surely, be attributed to the +_Goths_; whence then the origin and the _meaning_ of the term _Gothic_? + +R. VINCENT. +Winchester, Nov. 12. + + * * * * * + +KATHERINE PEGG. + +Sir,--I think you may safely add Pepys's _Diary_ to the list of books in +illustration of which you are willing to receive both Queries and +Answers. There is not a passage in the _Diary_ that does not deserve to +be understood. {60} + +At vol. iv. p. 435. of the new edition is the following entry:-- + + "7 May, 1668. Here [at the King's Theatre] I did kiss the pretty + woman newly come, called Pegg, that was Sir Charles Sedley's + mistress, a mighty pretty woman, and seems (but is not) modest." + +On this Lord Braybrooke has the following note:-- + + "Pegg must have been Margaret Hughes, Prince Rupert's mistress, + who had probably before that time lived with Sir Charles + Sedley." + +And then follows some account of Mrs. Hughes. But, _query_, was the +"Pegg" of the _Diary_, Peg Hughes? was she not rather as I belived her +to have been, Katherine Pegg, by whom king Charles II. had a son, +Charles Fitz-Charles, created Earl of Plymouth, 29th July, 1675, died +1680? + +Katherine Pegg has escaped Lord Braybrooke. Can any of your +correspondents tell me who she was? + +PETER CUNNINGHAM + + * * * * * + +QUERIES IN MEDIÆVAL GEOGRAPHY. + +What are the modern names of "Watewich," "Portum Pusillum," "Mare de +Saham," "Perpessa," and "Northmuth?" They are not to be found in +Ferrario's _Lexicon_ (a geographical dictionary so defective that it has +not even the Latin name for Aix-la-Chapelle), nor in Baudrand's _Lexicon +Geographicum_ (a good dictionary for the mediæval Latin names in France, +but not so perfect as the _Index Geographicum_ attached to the volumes +of Bouquet), nor in Martiniere's _Grande Dictionnarie Geographique_, nor +in the Index to Wright's _Courthand_, a miserable and imperfect +compilation. + + [These Queries are addressed to our correspondents in a very + flattering review of "NOTES AND QUERIES" which appeared in the + _Morning Herald_ of the 16th of November, and we shall be very + glad to receive such answers to all or any of them as it may be + in the power of any of our friends to supply.] + + * * * * * + +MYLES BLOOMFYLDE AND WILLIAM BLOMEFIELD'S METRICAL WRITINGS ON ALCHYMY. + +Sir,--I have had intrusted to me a MS. metrical book on Alchymy, +"written by me Myles Bloomefylde, late of Bury Saynes Edmunde in ye +Countye of Suffolke, Physytione;" but I can find no account of the +author. Worton, Ritson, and Tanner, mention a "William Blomefield, born +at Bury. Bachelor in Physic and a Monk of Bury," who wrote _inter alia_ +a metrical work called _Bloomefield's Blossoms, or the Camp of +Philosophy_. + +Were there two metrical writers on alchymy of the name Bloomfield, temp. +Eliz. and connected with Bury? + +BURIENSIS. + + [The following Note by Park, which first appeared in the Edition + of Wharton published in 1840, iii., p. 83., coupled with the + fact that William Blomefield is described as a Bachelor of + Physic, would seem to show that there is but one writer, whose + proper name is not William, but Myles: "From Ashmole's _Notes on + Theatrum Chemicum_, 1652. p. 478., it seems doubtful whether his + name was not Myles."] + + * * * * * + +THYNNE'S COLLECTION OF CHANCELLORS. + +Mr. Editor,--Can any of your correspondents inform me who was the +"streict laced" gaoler of the records, alluded to in the following +passage in the _Collection of Chancellors of England_, by Francis +Thynne, inserted in Holinshed (ed. 1808) iv. 351. + + "John, Chancellor of England in the time of king Henrie the + second, but what he was or in what yeare of king Henrie he lived + I doo not know, and therefore leave it to _him that both can and + ought to give life_ to these persons whom he imprisoneth in the + east castell of London; not doubting but in time he will doo his + countrie good, and correct other men; though _now he be so + streict laced_, as that he will not procure anie furtherance of + other men's trauels." + +[Greek: S.] + + * * * * * + +COLD HARBOUR + +Mr. Editor,--In examining the Ordnance Survey of Kent, I was quite +surprised at the recurrence of the name "Cold Harbour;" and again, in +Wyld's Map of London in 1550. + +I believe the point has been explained before, but perhaps some of your +readers could give some information as to its origin. + +G.H.B. + +Nov. 8. 1849. + + [The Society of Antiquaries was a good deal occupied, we + scarcely know whether we may say interested, in the question + raised by our correspondent, during the last session: and + considerable {61} information upon the subject will be found in + the published _Proceedings_ of the Society, and in the last part + of the _Archæologia_. We should like to know whether there are + _Cold Harbours_ in _every_ county in England. Mr. Hartshorne + published a long list in his _Salopia Antiqua_. If our + correspondents can give us any addition to that list, they will + be acceptable. We are aware that there are several in Kent.] + + * * * * * + +STATISTICS OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. + +Mr. Editor,--If any reader of your valuable and much-needed periodical +can, through its medium, supply me with the title of some recent and +authentic work containing _Statistics_ of the Roman Catholic +Church--e.g. the number of its members, or reputed members, in the +different European States; the number and temporalities of its sees, +clergy, &c.--he will confer on me a great obligation; one which it will +be a pleasure to me to repay to some other "Querist," should it lie +within my power to supply any desired information, in my turn. Your +faithful servant, + +E.E. + + * * * * * + +INCUMBENTS OF CHURCH LIVINGS. + +Sir,--perhaps some of the readers of your useful publication could +inform me where I can find the _name_ and _birth-place_ of incumbents of +church livings prior to 1680, and the patrons of them. Your well-wisher, + +L. + + * * * * * + +THE CURSE OF SCOTLAND--WHY IS THE NINE OF DIAMONDS SO CALLED? + +I shall be obliged to any of your correspondents who will inform me why +the Nine of Diamonds is called the curse of Scotland. I have heard two +causes assigned. One, that the Duke of Cumberland, on the field after +the battle of Culloden, wrote upon the back of this card a very cruel +and inhuman order for the destruction of the persons and property of the +rebels. This cannot be true, for I have in my possession a print +entitled "Britons Association against the Pope's Bulls." In it the young +Pretender or prince is represented attempting to lead across the Tweed a +herd of bulls laden with curses, excommunications, indulgences, &c. &c. +&c. On the ground before them lies the Nine of Diamonds. This print is +dated Oct. 21. 1745, some months previous to the battle of Culloden. + +The other cause assigned is, that the nine lozenges with which the +saltire is charged in the armorial bearings of the Earl of Stair, are so +arranged as to resemble the nine of diamonds, which was called the curse +of Scotland, from the active part taken by that Earl in promoting the +Union, which was most unpopular in Scotland. I cannot positively deny +that the card in question owes its evil name to this cause, but I am not +aware that the Earl of Stair was so conspicuously active as to occasion +his being peculiarly selected as an object of popular aversion on that +account. He was indeed a commissioner for drawing up the articles of the +union, and he was sent ambassador to the court of Louis XIV. chiefly for +the purpose of watching the proceedings of the Jacobites; these +circumstances may have added to the odium which attached to his name +from the part which was taken by his predecessor, who was Secretary for +Scotland, and was charged with having exceeded his authority in ordering +the massacre of Glencoe. + +EDW. HAWKINS. + +Nov. 12. 1849 + + [We would add to Mr. Hawkins's Query, another, viz.: What is the + earliest known instance of the card in question being so + designated? For it is clear, if such was the case before the + Union, the second explanation is as little satisfactory as the + first.] + + * * * * * + +NOTES OF BOOK SALES--CATALOGUES, ETC. + +The collectors of British portraits--and there are doubtless many such +among our readers--will shortly have such an opportunity of enriching +their portfolios as rarely presents itself. Messrs. Sotheby and Co. +commence, on the 3rd of December, the sale of the second portion of the +important and valuable stock of prints belonging to the well-known and +eminent printsellers, Messrs. W. and G. Smith, whose shop in Lisle +Street, Leicester Square, has been for so many years the favourite +resort of all who were in search of the rare and curious in calcographic +art. Messrs. Sotheby describe the present Sale as "comprising one of the +most numerous and interesting collections of British Historical +Portraits ever offered for sale;" and the following Lots, which exhibit +specimens of the rarities it contains, justify their statement. + +33 ARCHIBALD EARL OF ARGYLL, by _Loggan, first state, before the +inscription round the oval_, VERY FINE AND RARE. + +56 SIR WM. ASHURST, _Lord Mayor of London, 1694, after Linton, by R. +White_, VERY FINE AND RARE. {62} + +59 SLINGSBY BETHELL, ONE OF THE SHERIFFS OF LONDON, &c. 1680, _whole +length, W. Sherwin sculpt., sold by S. Lee, at the Feathers in Lumbert +Street_, VERY FINE AND EXTREMELY RARE. + +130 SIR RICHARD RAINSFORD, _Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, +mezzotint after Claret, R. Tompson excudit_, MOST BRILLIANT AND VERY +RARE. + +160 JAMES THE FORTH, KING OF SCOTLAND, _holding a flower in his hand, +sold by Compton Holland_, EXTREMELY FINE AND VERY RARE. + +176 FREDERICK KING OF BOHEMIA, _half length, standing under an arch, +four Latin lines beneath, no engraver's name_, VERY FINE AND EXTREMELY +RARE. + +184 CHARLES LEWIS, COUNT PALATINE OF THE RHINE, son of the King of +Bohemia, on horseback, with a view of London beyond him; circles +containing the dates of the births of his brothers and sisters at the +top on the left, eight English lines beneath: _a most interesting and +rare print_, BRILLIANT IMPRESSION, AND IN THE MOST PERFECT CONDITION. + +328 SIR JOHN FENWICK, _of Fenwick Castle, in the Country of +Northumberland, executed in 1696, on suspicion of being engaged in a +plot to assassinate William III., after Wissing, by White_, VERY FINE +AND EXTREMELY RARE. + +244 THOMAS CARTWRIGHT, _Bishop of Chester, after Soust, by Becket_, VERY +FINE AND RARE. + +262 JOHN DOLBEN, BISHOP OF ROCHESTER, JOHN FELL, BISHOP OF OXFORD, AND +DR. RICHARD ALLESTRY, _called by Charles II_. CHIPLEY, CHOPLEY, CHEPLEY, +_from the picture in Christchurch Hall, by Sir P. Lely, D. Loggan +excudit_, BRILLIANT PROOF, AND EXTREMELY RARE. + +304 SIR HENRY CHAUNCEY, _the historian of Hertfordshire, by J. Suvage, +fine and rare_. + +365 GEORGE GORDAN, MARQUIS OF HUSTLEY, by _Sauvè_, FINE AND EXTREMELY +RARE. + +374 ROBERT SIDNEY, EARL OF LEICESTER, by _Simon Passe, sold by Sudbury +and Humble_, VERY FINE AND RARE. + +375 ROBERT BERTIE, EARL OF LINDSEY, after _Geldorp_, by _Voerst_, +BRILLIANT AND VERY RARE. + +558 ISAAC MILERS, by _Vertue, first state, before the alterations of the +arms and inscription, very fine and rare; and the same, in the ordinary +state_. + +661 THOMAS THYNN OF LONG LEATE, _murdered in Pall Mall 1682, after +Kneller, by White_, VERY FINE AND RARE. + +662 THOMAS THYNN, _mezzotint after Lely, sold by A. Browne_, VERY FINE +AND RARE. + +997 LOUISE DUCHESS OF PORTSMOUTH, _with her son as Cupid, after Gascar, +by Baudet_, VERY FINE AND EXTREMELY RARE, _from Mr. Ord's collection, at +the sale of which it produced 8£. 12s. 6d._ + +1000 LOUISE DUCHESS OF PORTSMOUTH, _reclining on a couch, oblong +mezzotint_, FINE PROOF BEFORE AND LETTERS, AND EXTREMELY RARE. + +1048 _Hobson and the Cambridge Carrier, Author of "Hobson's Choice," by +J. Payne, two states, very fine and rare_. + +1201 JOHN FREDERICK, Elector of Saxony, playing at chess with Ernest +Duke of Brunswick, at the moment when Charles V. sent the warrant for +his execution, A MOST CURIOUS AND INTERESTING HISTORICAL PRINT, AND +EXTREMELY RARE. + +1209 ERASMUS, _sitting with a book before him_, by F. HOGENBERG, _H. +COCK excudebat_, 1555, VERY FINE AND RARE, &C. + +We have also received:-- + + "A Catalogue of English and Foreign Theology, including some of + the rarest works of our early English Divines; nearly a complete + series of the Fathers of the Church; the various Councils and + most important Ecclesiastical Historians, Liturgical writers, + &c." issued by Leslie, of 58. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn, + which is one which will greatly interest all readers of the + peculiar class to whom it is more particularly addressed. + +The same may be said of the excellent "Catalogue of Old and New Books +(Part CIV)," just delivered by Petheramm of 94. High Holborn: which, in +addition to theological works, exhibits many valuable productions in +historical and general literature. + +Bernard Quarritch's "Catalogue of Foreign Books and Classics, selling at +16. Castle Street, Leicester Square," well deserves the attention of +philologists. It is rich, not only in works illustrative of the Oriental +languages and literature, but also in those of Germany and Scandinavia. +Indeed, it is one which should be looked into by all students of foreign +literature. + +Some curious articles, more especially in early Italian and French +literature, and on the subject of Alchymy, Astrology, Magic, &c., will +be found in a "Catalogue of Interesting and Rare Books on sale, by +George Bumstead, No. 205. High Holborn." + +William Nield, 46. Burlington Arcade is, we believe a new candidate for +the favours of the purchasers of old books. His first Catalogue contains +some curious Articles in the departments of Demonology and Witchcraft; a +few varieties belonging to the "Marprelate" class such as "Penri's +Exhortation;" and a fine collection of Classical Music. + +Lastly, let us mention what cannot but interest many reader of "NOTES +AND QUERIES," that Mr. Lumley, of 56. Chancery Lane, having purchased +the stock of Society of Antiquaries' publications has divided the +volumes of the Archælogia, and has just put forth a Catalogue of the +separate papers, which are for sale, and of which he says very truly, +"their value cannot be disputed," and they are "now for the first time +offered thus to the Public." + + * * * * * {63} + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +BURNEY'S TREATISE ON MUSIC (not his History). + +GRAY'S ELEGY (PROFESSOR YOUNG OF GLASGOW'S CRITISCISM OF). + +LIFE OF HON. ROBERT PRICE, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. London. +1734. + +FLORES BERNARDI. + +REGNORUM, PROVINCIARUM, CIVITATUMQUE NOMINA LATINA (CORONELLI, POTIUS +ALPHONSUS LASOR A VAREA). Fol. 2 Vols. Venet. 1716. Or the 2nd Vol. +only. + +BUDDEN'S DISCOURSE FOR PARENTS' HONOUR AND AUTHORITIE. 8vo. 1666. + +THE TWO WOLVES IN LAMB'S SKINS, OR OLD ELI'S LAMENTATION OVER HIS TWO +SONS. 8vo. 1716. + +AVERELL'S FOUR NOTABLE HISTORIES, ETC. 4to. 1590. + +NATURE, A POEM. Folio. 1736. + +BARNEFIELD'S PLOWMAN'S COMPLAINT. 4to. 1580. + +GILL'S INSTRUCTIONS FOR CHILDREN, in Verse. 1709. + +JERMIN'S FATHER'S INSTITUTION OF HIS CHILD. 1658. + +PASSIONAEL EPTE DAT LEVENT DER HELLIG N. Folio. Basil. MDXXII. + +Odd Volumes + +SOUTHEY'S COWPER. Vols. X. XII. XIII. XIV. + +CAIRN'S EDITION OF GOLDSMITH'S MISCELLANEOUS WORKS. Edinburgh. 1801. +Vol. III. + +SHAKSPEARE'S DRAMATIC WORKS.--The _Fourth_ Volume of WHITTINGHAM'S +Edition, in 7 vols. 24mo. Chiswick. 1814. + +COOPER'S (C.P.) ACCOUNT OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PUBLIC RECORDS. 8vo. +1832.--The First Volume of + +LIVY.--Vol. I. of Crevier's Edition. 6 vols. 4to. Paris. 1739. + +Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +_The matter is so generally understood with regard to the management of +periodical works, that it is hardly necessary for the Editor to say +that_ HE CANNOT UNDERTAKE TO RETURN MANUSCRIPTS; _but on one point he +wishes to offer a few words of explanation to his correspondents in +general, and particularly to those who do not enable him to communicate +with them except in print. They will see, on a very little reflection, +that it is plainly his interest to take all he can get, and make the +most, and the best of everything; and therefore he begs them to take for +granted that their communications are received, and appreciated, even if +the succeeding Number bears no proof of it. He is convinced that the +want of specific acknowledgment will only be felt by those who have no +idea of the labour and difficulty attendant on the hurried management of +such a work, and of the impossibility of sometimes giving an explanation +when there really is one which would quite satisfy the writer, for the +delay or non-insertion of his communication. Correspondents in such +cases have no reason, and if they understood an editor's position they +would feel that they have no right, to consider themselves undervalued; +but nothing short of personal experience in editorship would explain to +them the perplexities and evil consequences arising from an opposite +course_. + + * * * * * + +_Surely_ MELANION _is too hard upon our correspondents and too_ exigeant +_towards ourselves. He would place us in a singular position. He should +consider that we have not opened lists for all comers to tilt against +each other. We invite_ litterateurs _to a_ re-union, _in which they may +give and receive mutual help and aid; but, in order to do so, they must +tolerate each others' little peculiarities, and not espy offence in +them_. + +_The Index so kindly offered by_ MELANION _is declined with many +thanks_. + +_Answers to several outstanding Queries in our next_. + +COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVED.--_W.--A Subscriber--F.G.S.--Rev. L.B. +Larking.--J.J.S.--J. Britton.--T.G.--V.--S.W.S.--C.B.--R.J.S.-- +Melanion.--W.L.--C.A.H.--Anglo-Cambrian--T. De Sternberg.--Q.X.Z.-- +A.J.E.--Q.D.--F.F.B.--Scotus.--R.D.--P.--Cecil Moore.--A Hapless +Hunter.--E.--C.H.D.--Q.Q.--P.C.S.S.--J.R.P.--X.X.X.--G.J.K.--F.R.A_. + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED.--_We believe that this will prove one of +the most useful divisions of our weekly Sheet. Gentlemen who may be +unable to meet with any book or volume of which they are in want may, +upon furnishing name, date, size, &c., have it inserted in this List_ +free of cost. _Persons having such volumes to dispose of are requested +to send reports of price, &c., to Mr. Bell, our Publisher_. + +_We have received many complaints of a difficulty in procuring our +paper. Every Bookseller and Newsvendor will supply it_ if ordered, _and +gentlemen residing in the country may be supplied regularly with the +Stamped Edition by giving their orders direct to the publisher_, Mr. +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street, _accompanied by a Post Office order for +a quarter_ (4s. 4d.). _All communications should be addressed_ To the +Editor of "NOTES and QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Vols. I. and II. 8vo. Price 28s. cloth. + +THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND; from +the time of the Conquest. + +By Edward Foss, F.S.A. + +"It supplies what was much wanted--a regular and progressive account of +English legal institutions. The result is a correction of many errors, +an addition of much new information, and a better general view of our +strictly legal history than any other jurist, historian, or biographer +had heretofore attempted to give."--_Examiner._ + +LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + * * * * * {64} + +Just published, Part II., containing 10 Plates, 5s. Plain, 7s. 6d., +coloured, to be completed in three or four Parts. + +ANTIQUARIAN GLEANINGS in the NORTH of ENGLAND: being Examples of Antique +Furniture, Plate, Church Decorations, Objects of Historical Interest, +&c. Drawn and Etched by W.B. SCOTT. + +"A collection of Antiquarian Relics, chiefly in the Decorative branch of +Art, preserved in the Northern Counties, portrayed by a very competent +hand. Many of the objects possess considerable interest; such as the +chair of the Venerable Bede, Cromwell's sword and watch, and the +grace-cup of Thomas à Becket. All are drawn with that distinctness which +makes them available for the Antiquarian, for the Artist who is studying +Costume, and for the study of Decorative Art."--_Spectator._ + +8vo. cloth, price 12s., with a Coloured Plate of King Alfred's Jewel. + +THE LIFE and TIMES of ALFRED the GREAT. By the Rev. J.A. GILES, D.C.L., +late Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, Author of "The History of +the Ancient Britons," &c. + +"A useful volume, as collecting into one view all the facts that are +known respecting the Life of Alfred, exhibiting the various opinions on +disputed points, and containing a very fair, sensible summing up by the +biographer."--_Spectator._ + +Two vols., 8vo, 30s. + +HISTORY of the ANCIENT BRITONS, from the Earliest Period to the Invasion +of the Saxons Compiled from the Original Authorities. By the Rev. J.A. +GILES, D.C.L., late Fellow of C.C.C., Oxford. + +"The longer and more important passages are full and clear in matter, +always well presented, often in a masterly mode.... Dr. Giles is in +thorough possession of his materials and of his intention, which +produces the clearness that arises from mastery: and he exhibits the +same general _bon hommie_ and chronicler disposition for minute and +picturesque narrative which we noted in his life of Becket, with more of +a critical spirit."--_Spectator._ + +8vo. price 1s. 6d., with two Plates. + +A DESCRIPTION OF THE ROMAN THEATRE lately discovered at Verulam. By R. +GROVE LOWE, Esq. Read at the meeting of the St. Alban's Architectural +Society, April 12, 1848. + +8vo. sewed 1s. + +ON SOME ROMAN SEPULCHRAL REMAINS discovered in the Churchyard of St. +Stephen, near St. Alban's, Herts, A.D. 1848. Read at a meeting of the +St. Alban's Architectural Society, June 20, 1848. By MATTHEW HOLBECHE +BLOXAM. Published for the Society by GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; +WILLIAM LANGLEY, St. Alban's; and JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. + + * * * * * + +ARISTOTLE'S ETHICS. Literally translated into English. 8vo. bds. 5s.; +published at 10s. 6d. Oxford, 1846. + +ANCIENT GREECE. The History of the Manners and Customs of Ancient +Greece. By J.A. ST. JOHN, 3 vols. 8vo. boards, 15s.; published at 1l. +11s. 6d. 1842. + +TRAVELS IN THE MOREA. By W.M. LEAKE, F.R.S., with a Map and Plates. 3 +vols. 8vo. bds. 18s.; published at 2l. 5s. 1830. + +CALDERON DE LA BARCA, Las Comedias de. Por J.J. KEIL. Portrait, 4 vols, +royal 8vo. sewed, 1l. 5s. Leipsique, 1828. + +EDWARD STIBBS, 331. Strand, where also can be had on application his +Catalogues of Second Hand Books in all languages and subjects, viz. +Classics and Philology, Divinity, English and General Literature. + + * * * * * + +TRACTS FOR THE CHRISTIAN SEASONS. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 4, Saturday, November 24, 1849 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September 23, 2004 [EBook #13513] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 4, *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals + + + + + + +</pre> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page49" name="page49"></a>{49}</span> +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left" width="25%"><b>No. 4.</b></td> +<td align="center" width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 24, +1849</b></td> +<td align="right" width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> +<table summary="Contents" align="center"> +<tr> +<td align="left">Contents</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Our Progress and Prospects</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page49">49</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>NOTES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Luther and Erasmus, by John Bruce</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page50">50</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Hallam's Middle Ages</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page51">51</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Adversaria I.—Writers of Notes on +Fly-leaves</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page51">51</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Origin of Grog and Ancient Alms-Basins</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page52">52</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Dyce v. Warburton and Collier</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page53">53</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Food of the People, by J.T. Hammack</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page54">54</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Bishop Barnaby</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page55">55</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Trade Editions</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page55">55</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Dibdin's Typograph Antiquities, by Rev. Dr. +Maitland</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page56">56</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Queries answered, II., by Bolton Corney</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page56">56</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Madoc's Expedition to America</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page57">57</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">"Clouds" or Shrouds, in Shakspeare</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page58">58</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Medal of Pretender, by B. Nightingale</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page58">58</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Roger de Coverley</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page59">59</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Landed and Commercial Policy of England</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page59">59</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">The Rev. Thomas Leman</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page59">59</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Gothic Architecture</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page59">59</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Katherine Pegg</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page59">59</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Queries on Mediæval Geography</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page60">60</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Myles Bloomfylde and William Bloomfield on +Alchymy</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page60">60</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Thynne's Collection of Chancellors</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page60">60</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Cold Harbour</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page60">60</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Statistics of the Roman Catholic Church</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page61">61</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Incumbents of Church Livings</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page61">61</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Curse of Scotland, by Edward Hawkins</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page61">61</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes of Book-Sales, Catalogues, &c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page61">61</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes wanted</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page63">63</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page63">63</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>OUR PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS.</h2> +<p>When we consulted our literary friends as to the form and manner +in which it would be most expedient to put forth our "NOTES AND +QUERIES," more than one suggested to us that our paper should +appear only once a month, or at all events not more frequently than +once a fortnight, on the ground that a difficulty would be +experienced in procuring materials for more frequent publication. +We felt, however, that if such a medium of Inter-communication, as +we proposed to establish was, as we believed, really wanted, +frequency of publication was indispensable. Nothing but a weekly +publication would meet what we believed to be the requirements of +literary men. We determined, therefore, to publish a Number every +Saturday; and the result has so far justified our decision, that +the object of our now addressing our readers is to apologise to the +many friends whose communications we are again unavoidably +compelled to postpone; and to explain that we are preparing to +carry out such further improvements in our arrangements as will +enable us to find earlier admission for all the communications with +which we are favoured.</p> +<p>One other word. It has been suggested to us that in inviting +Notes, Comments, and Emendations upon the works of Macaulay, +Hallam, and other living authors, we may possibly run a risk of +offending those eminent men. We hope not. We are sure that this +outght not to be the case. Had we not recognised the merits of such +works, and the influence they were destined to exercise over men's +minds, we should not have opened our pages for the purpose of +receiving, much less have invited, corrections of the mistakes into +which the most honest and the most able of literary inquirers must +sometimes fall. Only those who have meddled in historical research +can be aware of the extreme difficulty, the all but impossibility, +of ascertaining the exact or the whole truth, amidst the numerous +minute and often apparently contradictory facts which present +themselves to the notice of all inquirers. In this very number a +correspondent comments upon an inference drawn by Mr. Hallam from a +passage in Mabillon. In inserting such a communication we show the +respect we feel for Mr. Hallam, and our <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page50" id="page50"></a>{50}</span> sense of the +services which he has rendered to historical knowledge. Had we +believed that if he has fallen into a mistake in this instance, it +had been not merely a mistake, but a deliberate perversion of the +truth, we should have regarded both book and writer with +indifference, not to say with contempt. It is in the endeavour to +furnish corrections of little unavoidable slips in such good honest +books—albeit imperfect as all books must be—that we +hope at once to render good service to our national literature, and +to show our sense of genius, learning, and research which have +combined to enrich it by the production of works of such high +character and last influence.</p> +<hr /> +<h2>NOTES</h2> +<h3>LATIN EPIGRAM AGAINST LUTHER AND ERASMUS.</h3> +<p>Mr. Editor,—Your correspondent "Roterodamus" (pp. 27, 28) +asks, I hope, for the author of the epigram which he quotes, with a +view to a life of his great townsman, Erasmus. Such a book, written +by some competent hand, and in an enlarged and liberal spirit, +would be a noble addition to the literature of Europe. There is no +civilised country that does not feel an interest in the labours and +in the fame of Erasmus. I am able to answer your correspondents +question, but it is entirely by chance. I read the epigram which he +quotes several years ago, in a book of a kind which one would like +to see better known in this country—a typographical or +bibliographical history of Douay. It is entitled, "<i>Bibliographie +Douaisienne, ou Catalogue Historique et Raisonné des Livres +imprimés à Douai depuis l'année 1563 jusqu'a +nos jours, avec des notes bibliographiques et littéraires; +Par H.R. Duthilloeul. 8vo. Douai, 1842</i>." The 111th book noticed +in the volume is entitled, "<i>Epigrammata in Hæreticos. +Authore Andrea Frusio, Societatis Jesu. Tres-petit in 8vo. +1596</i>." The book is stated to contain 251 epigrams, "aimed," +says M. Duthilloeul, "at the heretics and their doctrines. The +author has but one design, which is to render odious and +ridiculous, the lives, persons, and errors of the apostles of the +Reformation." He quotes three of the epigrams, the third being the +one your correspondent has given you. It has this title, "<i>De +Lutheri et Erasmi differentia</i>," and is the 209th epigram in the +book.</p> +<p>I have never met with a copy of the work of Frusius, nor do I +know any thing of him as an author. The learned writer who pours +out a store of curious learning in the pages of <i>Gentleman's +Magazine</i> is more likely than any body that I know to tell you +something about him.</p> +<p>Mons. Duthilloeul quotes another epigram from the same book upon +the <i>Encomium Moriæ</i>, but it is too long and too +pointless for your pages. He adds another thing which is more in +your way, namely, that a former possessor of the copy of the work +then before him had expressed his sense of the value of these +"epigrammes dévotes" in the following NOTE:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>Nollem carere hoe libello auro nequidem contra +pensitato</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Perhaps some one who possesses or has access to the book would +give us a complete list of the persons who are the subjects of +these defamatory epigrams. And I may add, as you invite us to put +our queries, Is not Erasmus entitled to the distinction of being +regarded as the author of the work which the largest single edition +has ever been printed and sold? Mr. Hallam mentions that, "in the +single year 1527, Colinæus printed 24,000 copies of the +<i>Colloquies</i>, all of which were sold." This is the statement +of Moreri. Bayle gives some additional information. Quoting a +letter of Erasmus as his authority, he says, that Colinæus, +who—like the Brussels and American reprinters of our +day—was printing the book at Paris from a Basle edition, +entirely without the concurrence of Erasmus, and without any view +of his participation in the profit, circulated a report that the +book was about to be prohibited by the Holy See. The curiosity of +the public was excited. Every one longed to secure a copy. The +enormous edition—for the whole 24,000 was but one +impression—was published contemporaneously with the report. +It was a cheap and elegant book, and sold as fast as it could be +handed over the booksellers counter. As poor Erasmus had no +pecuniary benefit <span class="pagenum"><a name="page51" id= +"page51"></a>{51}</span> from the edition, he ought to have the +credit which arises from this proof of his extraordinary +popularity. The public, no doubt, enjoyed greatly his calm but +pungent exposure of the absurd practices which were rife around +them. That his humorous satire was felt by its objects, is obvious +from this epigram, as well as from a thousand other evidences.</p> +<p class="author">JOHN BRUCE.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>HALLAMS MIDDLE AGES—ALLEGED IGNORANCE OF THE CLERGY.</h3> +<p>Sir,—When reading Hallam's <i>History of the Middle +Ages</i> a short time ago I was startled by the following passage +which occurs amongst other evidences of the ignorance of the clergy +during the period subsequent to the dissolution of the Roman +Empire.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Not one priest in a thousand in Spain about the age of +Charlemagne, could address a common letter of salutation to +another."—<i>Hallam's Middle Ages</i>, vol. iii. p. 332.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>And for this statement he refers to Mabillon, <i>De Re +Diplomatica</i>, p. 52.</p> +<p>On referring to Mabillon, I find that the passage runs as +follows:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Christiani posthabitis scripturis sanctis, earumque +interpretibus, Arabum Chaldæorumque libris evolvendis +incumbentes, legem suam nesciebant, et linguam propriam non +advertebant latinam, ita ut ex omni Christi collegio vix +inveniretur unus in milleno hominum genere, qui salutatorias fratri +posset rationabiliter dirigere litteras."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>So that although Mabillon says that scarce one in a thousand +could address a <i>Latin</i> letter to another, yet he by no means +says that it was on account of their general ignorance, but because +they were addicting themselves to other branches of learning. They +were devoting all their energies to Arabic and Chaldæan +science, and in their pursuit of it neglected other literature. A +similar remark might be made of respecting many distinguished +members of the University to which I belong; yet who would feel +himself justified in inferring thence that Cambridge was sunk in +ignorance?</p> +<p class="author">CANTAB.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>ADVERSARIA</h3> +<p class="note">[In our Prospectus we spoke of NOTES AND QUERIES +becoming everybody's common-place book. The following very friendly +letter from an unknown correspondent, G.J.K., urges us to carry out +such an arrangement.</p> +<p class="note">"Sir,—I beg leave to forward you a +contribution for your 'NOTES AND QUERIES,' a periodical which is, I +conceive, likely to do a vast deal of good by bringing literary men +of all shades of opinion into closer juxtaposition than they have +hitherto been.</p> +<p class="note">"I would, however, suggest that in future numbers a +space might be allotted for the reception of those articles (short +of course), which students and literary men in general, transfer to +their common-place books; such as notices of scarce or curious +books, biographical or historical curiosities, remarks on ancient +or obsolete customs, &c. &c. &c. Literary men are +constantly meeting with such in the course of their reading, and +how much better would it be if, instead of transferring them to a +MS. book to be seen only by themselves, or perhaps a friend or two, +they would forward them to a periodical, in which they might be +enshrined in imperishable pica; to say nothing of the benefits such +a course of proceeding would confer on those who might not have had +the same facilities of gaining the information thus made +public.</p> +<p class="note">"In pursuance of this suggestion, I have forwarded +the inclosed paper, and should be happy, from time to time, to +contribute such gleanings from old authors, &c. as I might +think worth preserving.</p> +<p class="note">"G.J.K."</p> +<p class="note">We readily comply with G.J.K.'s suggestion, and +print, as the first of the series, his interesting communication, +entitled:]</p> +<p>1. <i>Writers of Notes on Fly-leaves, &c.</i></p> +<p>The Barberini Library at Rome contains a vast number of books +covered with marginal notes by celebrated writers, such as +Scaliger, Allatius, Holstentius, David Haeschel, Barbadori, and +above all, Tasso, who has annotated with his own hand more than +fifty volumes. Valery, in his <i>Voyages en Italie</i>, states that +a Latin version of Plato is not only annotated by the hand of +Tasso, but also by his father, Bernardo; a fact which sufficiently +proves how deeply the language and philosophy of the Greek writers +were studied in the family. The remarks upon the <i>Divina +Commedia</i>, which, despite the opinion of Serassi, appear to be +authentic, attest the profound study which, from his youth, Tasso +had made of the great poets, and the lively admiration he displayed +for their works. There is also in existence a copy of the Venice +edition of the <i>Divina Commedia</i> (1477), with autograph notes +by Bembo.</p> +<p>Christina of Sweden had quite a mania for writing in her books. +In the library of the Roman College (at Rome) there are several +books annotated by her, amongst others a <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page52" id="page52"></a>{52}</span> Quintus +Curtius, in which, as it would appear, she criticises very freely +the conduct of Alexander. "<i>He reasons falsely in this case</i>," +she writes on one page; and elsewhere, "<i>I should have acted +diametrically opposite; I should have pardoned</i>;" and again, +further on, "<i>I should have exercised clemency</i>;" an +assertion, however, we may be permitted to doubt, when we consider +what sort of clemency was exercised towards Monaldeschi. Upon the +fly-leaf of a Seneca (Elzevir), she has written, "<i>Adversus +virtutem possunt calamitates damna et injuriæ quod adversus +solem nebulæ possunt</i>." The library of the Convent of the +Holy Cross of Jerusalem at Rome, possesses a copy of the +<i>Bibliotheca Hispanu</i>, in the first volume of which the same +princess has written on the subject of a book relating to her +conversion:<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href= +"#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> "<i>Chi l'ha scritta, non lo sa; chi +lo sa, non l'ha mai scritta</i>."</p> +<p>Lemontey has published some very curious <i>Memoirs</i>, which +had been entirely written on the fly-leaves and margins of a missal +by J. de Coligny, who died in 1686.</p> +<p>Racine, the French tragic poet, was also a great annotator of +his books; the Bibliothèque National at Paris possesses a +Euripides and Aristophanes from his library, the margins of which +are covered with notes in Greek, Latin, and French.</p> +<p>The books which formerly belonged to La Monnoie are now +recognizable by the anagram of his name. <i>A Delio nomen</i>, and +also by some very curious notes on the fly-leaves and margins +written in microscopic characters.</p> +<p>G.J.K.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name= +"footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag1">(return)</a> +<p>Conversion de la Reina de Suecia in Roma (1656).</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<h3>ORIGIN OF WORD "GROG."</h3> +<p>Mr. Vaux writes as follows:—Admiral Vernon was the first +to require his men to drink their spirits mixed with water. In bad +weather he was in the habit of walking the deck in a rough +<i>grogram</i> cloak, and thence had obtained the nickname of +<i>Old Grog</i> in the Service. This is, I believe, the origin of +the name <i>grog</i>, applied originally to <i>rum</i> and +<i>water</i>. I find the same story repeated in a quaint little +book, called Pulleyn's <i>Etymological Compendium</i>.</p> +<p class="note">[A.S. has communicated a similar explanation; and +we are obliged to "An old LADY who reads for Pastime" for kindly +furnishing us with a reference to a newly published American work, +<i>Lifts for the Lazy</i>, where the origin of "Grog" is explained +in the same manner.</p> +<p class="note">The foregoing was already in type when we received +the following agreeable version of the same story.]</p> +<hr /> +<h3>ORIGIN OF WORD "GROG"—ANCIENT ALMS-BASINS.</h3> +<p>Mr. Editor,—As a sailor's son I beg to answer your +correspondent LEGOUR'S query concerning the origin of the word +"grog," so famous in the lips of our gallant tars. Jack loves to +give a pet nickname to his favourite officers. The gallant Edward +Vernon (a Westminster man by birth) was not exempted from the +general rule. His gallantry and ardent devotion to his profession +endeared him to the service, and some merry wags of the crew, in an +idle humour, dubbed him "Old Grogham." Whilst in command of the +West Indian station, and at the height of his popularity on account +of his reduction of Porto Bello with six men-of-war only, he +introduced the use of rum and water by the ship's company. When +served out, the new beverage proved most palatable, and speedily +grew into such favour, that it became as popular as the brave +admiral himself, and in honour of him was surnamed by acclamation +"Grog."</p> +<p class="author">MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.</p> +<p>P.S.—There are two other alms-basins in St. Margaret's +worthy of note, besides those I mentioned in your last number. One +has the inscription, "Live well, die never; die well and live ever. +A.D. 1644 W.G." The other has the appropriate legend, "Hee that +gives too the poore lends unto thee LORD." A third bears the Tudor +rose in the centre. In an Inventory made about the early part of +the 17th century, are mentioned "one Bason given by Mr. Bridges, of +brasse." (The donor was a butcher in the parish.) "Item, one bason, +given by Mr. Brugg, of brasse." On the second basin are the arms +and crest of the Brewers' Company. Perhaps Mr. Brugg was a member +of it. One Richard Bridges was a churchwarden, A.D. 1630-32.</p> +<p class="author">M.W.</p> +<p>7. College Street. Nov. 17.</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page53" id="page53"></a>{53}</span> +<h3>DYCE VERSUS WARBURTON AND COLLIER—AND SHAKSPEARE'S +MSS.</h3> +<p>In Mr. Dyce's <i>Remarks on Mr. J.P. Collier's and Mr. C. +Knight's Editions of Shakspeare</i>, pp. 115, 116, the following +note occurs:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"<i>King Henry IV., Part Second</i>, act iv. sc. iv.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">"As humorous as winter, and as sudden</p> +<p class="i2">As <i>flaws</i> congealed in the spring of day."</p> +</div> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p>"Alluding," says Warburton, "to the opinion of some +philosophers, that the vapours being congealed in air by cold, +(which is most intense towards the morning,) and being afterwards +rarified and let loose by the warmth of the sun, occasion those +sudden and impetuous guests of wind which are called +flaws."—COLLIER.</p> +<p>"An interpretation altogether wrong, as the epithet here applied +to 'flaws' might alone determine; '<i>congealed</i> gusts of wind' +being nowhere mentioned among the phenomena of nature except in +Baron Munchausen's <i>Travels</i>. Edwards rightly explained +'flaws,' in the present passage, 'small blades of ice.' I have +myself heard the word used to signify both <i>thin cakes of ice</i> +and the <i>bursting of those cakes</i>."—DYCE.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Mr. Dyce may perhaps have heard the world <i>floe</i> (plural +<i>floes</i>) applied to <i>floating sheet-ice</i>, as it is to be +found so applied extensively in Captain Parry's <i>Journal of his +Second Voyage</i>; but it remains to be shown whether such a term +existed in Shakspeare's time. I think it did not, as after diligent +search I have not met with it; and, if it did, and then had the +same meaning, <i>floating sheet-ice</i>, how would it apply to the +illustration of this passage?</p> +<p>That the uniform meaning of <i>flaws</i> in the poet's time was +<i>sudden gust of wind</i>, and figuratively sudden gusts of +passion, or fitful and impetuous action, is evident from the +following passages:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Like a red morn, that ever yet betoken'd</p> +<p>Wreck to the seamen, tempest to the field,</p> +<p>Sorrow to shepherds, woe unto the birds,</p> +<p><i>Gust</i> and foul <i>flaws</i> to herdsmen and to herds."</p> +<p class="i2"><i>Venus and Adonis.</i></p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Like a great sea-mark standing every <i>flaw</i>."</p> +<p class="i2"><i>Coriolanus</i>, act v. sc. iii.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"—patch a wall to expel the winter's <i>flaw</i>."</p> +<p class="i2"><i>Hamlet</i>, act v. sc. i.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Like to the glorious sun's transparent beams</p> +<p>Do calm the fury of this mad-bred <i>flaw</i>."</p> +<p class="i2"><i>3d Pt. Henry VI.</i>, act iii. sc. i.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"—these <i>flaws</i> and starts (impostors to true</p> +<p>fear)."</p> +<p class="i2"><i>Macbeth</i>, act iv. sc. iv.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Falling in the <i>flaws</i> of her own youth, hath</p> +<p>blistered her report."</p> +<p class="i2"><i>Meas. for Meas.</i>, act ii. sc. iii.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>So far for the poet's acceptation of its meaning.</p> +<p>Thus also Lord Surrey:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"And toss'd with storms, with <i>flaws</i>, with wind, with +weather."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>And Beaumont and Fletcher, in <i>The Pilgrim</i>:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"What <i>flaws</i>, and whirles of weather,</p> +<p>Or rather storms, have been aloft these three days."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Shakspeare followed the popular meteorology of his time, as will +appear from the following passage from a little ephemeris then very +frequently reprinted:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>De Repentinis Ventis</i>.</p> +<p>"8. Typhon, Plinio, Vortex, aliis Turbo, et vibratus Ecnephias, +de <i>nube gelida</i> (ut dictum est) abruptum aliquid sæpe +numero secum voluit, ruinamque suam illo pondere aggravat: quem +<i>repentinum flatum</i> à nube prope terram et mare +depulsum, definuerunt quidam, ubi in gyros rotatur, et proxima (ut +monuimus) verrit, suáque vi sursum raptat."—MIZALDUS, +<i>Ephemeridis Æris Perpetuus: seu Rustica tempestatum +Astrologia</i>, 12º Lutet. 1584.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I have sometimes thought that Shakspeare may have +written:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"As flaws cong<i>est</i>ed in the spring of day."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>It is an easy thing to have printed cong<i>eal</i>ed for that +word, and <i>congest</i> occurs in <i>A Lover's Complaint</i>. +Still I think change unnecessary.</p> +<p>Has the assertion made in <i>An Answer to Mr. Pope's Preface to +Shakspeare</i>, by a Strolling Player, 1729, respecting the +destruction of the poet's MSS. papers, been ever verified? If that +account is authentic, it will explain the singular dearth of all +autograph remains of one who must have written so much. As the +pamphlet is not common, I transcribe the essential +passage:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"How much it is to be lamented that <i>Two large Chests</i> full +of this GREAT MAN'S <i>loose papers</i> and <i>Manuscripts</i> in +the hands of an ignorant <i>Baker of</i> WARWICK (who married one +of the descendants from Shakspear), were carelessly scattered and +thrown about as Garret Lumber and Litter, to <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page54" id="page54"></a>{54}</span> the +particular knowledge of the late <i>Sir William Bishop</i>; till +they were all consum'd in the general Fire and Destruction of that +Town."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">S.W.S.</p> +<p>Mickleham, Nov. 14. 1849.</p> +<p class="note">[We cannot insert the interesting Query which our +correspondent has forwarded on the subject of the disappearance of +Shakespeare's MSS. without referring to the ingenious suggestion +upon that subject so skilfully brought forward by the Rev. Joseph +Hunter in his <i>New Illustrations of the Life, Studies, and +Writings of Shakspeare</i>, vol. i. p. 105.:—"That the entire +disappearance of all manuscripts of Shakspeare, so entire that no +writing of his remains except his name, and only one letter ever +addressed to him, is in some way connected with the religious turn +which his posterity took, in whose eyes there would be much to be +lamented in what they must, I fear, have considered a prostitution +of the noble talents which had been given him."]</p> +<hr /> +<h3>FOOD OF THE PEOPLE.—BILLS OF FARE IN 1683—HUMBLE +PIE.</h3> +<p>The food of the people must always be regarded as an important +element in estimating the degree of civilization of a nation, and +its position in the social scale. Mr. Macaulay, in his masterly +picture of the state of England at the period of the accession of +James II., has not failed to notice this subject as illustrative of +the condition of the working classes of that day. He tells us that +meat, viewed relatively with wages, was "so dear that hundreds of +thousands of families scarcely knew the taste of it.... The great +majority of the nation lived almost entirely on rye, barley, and +oats." (<i>Hist. Eng.</i> vol. i. p. 418., 4th ed.)</p> +<p>It is not uninteresting to inquire (and having found, it is +worth making a note of) what sort of fare appeared on the tables of +the upper and middle classes,—who, unlike their poorer +neighbours, were in a condition to gratify their gastronomic +preferences in the choice and variety of their viands,—with +the view of determining whether the extraordinary improvement which +has taken place in the food of the labouring population has been +equally marked in that of the wealthier orders.</p> +<p>Pepys, who was unquestionably a lover of good living, and never +tired of recording his feastings off "brave venison pasty," or +"turkey pye," has given in his <i>Diary</i> many curious notices of +the most approved dishes of his day. The following "Bills of fare" +of the period referred to speak, however, directly to the point; +they are taken from a work entitled, <i>The accomplisht Lady's +Delight, in Preserving, Physick, Beautifying, and Cookery</i>. +London, printed for B. Harris, 1683.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>A Bill of fare for a Gentleman's House about +Candlemas.</i></p> +<p>"1. A Pottage with a Hen. 2. A <i>Chatham</i>-pudding. 3. A +Fricacie of Chickens. 4. A leg of mutton with a Sallet. Garnish +your dishes with Barberries.</p> +<p>"<i>Second Course.</i> 1. A chine of Muton. 2. A chine of Veal. +3. Lark-pye. 4. A couple of Pullets, one larded. Garnished with +orange slices.</p> +<p>"<i>Third Course.</i> 1. A dish of Woodcocks. 2. A couple of +Rabbits. 3. A dish of Asparagus. 4. A Westphalia Gammon.</p> +<p>"<i>Last Course.</i> 1. Two orange tarts, one with herbs. 2. A +Bacon Tart. 3. An apple Tart. 4. A dish of Bon-chriteen pears. 5. A +dish of Pippins. 6. A dish of Pearmains.</p> +<p>"<i>A Banquet for the same Season.</i></p> +<p>"1. A dish of Apricots. 2. A dish of marmalade of Pippins. 3. A +dish of preserved Cherries. 4. A whole red Quince. 5. A dish of +dryed sweet-meats.</p> +<p>"<i>A Bill of Fare upon an extraordinary Occasion.</i></p> +<p>"1. A collar of brawn. 2. A couple of Pullets boyled. 3. A bisk +of Fish. 4. A dish of Carps. 5. A grand boyled Meat. 6. A grand +Sallet. 7. A venison pasty. 8. A roasted Turkey. 9. A fat pig. 10. +A powdered Goose. 11. A haunch of Venison roasted. 12. A +Neats-tongue and Udder roasted. 13. A Westphalia Ham boyled. 14. A +Joll of Salmon. 15. Mince pyes. 16. A Surloyn of roast beef. 17. +Cold baked Meats. 18. A dish of Custards.</p> +<p>"<i>Second Course.</i> 1. Jellies of all sorts. 2. A dish of +Pheasants. 3. A Pike boyled. 4. An oyster pye. 5. A dish of +Plovers. 6. A dish of larks. 7. A Joll of Sturgeon. 8. A couple of +Lobsters. 9. A lamber pye. 10. A couple of Capons. 11. A dish of +Partridges. 12. A fricacy of Fowls. 13. A dish of Wild Ducks. 14. A +dish of cram'd chickens. 15. A dish of stewed oysters. 16. A +Marchpane. 17. A dish of Fruits. 18. An umble pye."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The fare suggested for "Fish days" is no less various and +abundant; twelve dishes are enumerated for the first course, and +sixteen for the second. Looking at the character of these viands, +some of which would not discredit the genius of a Soyer or a Mrs. +Glasse, <span class="pagenum"><a name="page55" id= +"page55"></a>{55}</span> it seems pretty evident that in the +article of food the labouring classes have been the greatest +gainers since 1687.</p> +<p>Few things are more suggestive of queries—as everybody +knows from experience—than the products of culinary art. I +will not, however, further trespass on space which may be devoted +to a more dignified topic, than by submitting the following.</p> +<p><i>Query.</i>—Does the phrase "to eat humble pie," used to +signify a forced humiliation, owe its origin to the "umble pye" +specified above?</p> +<p class="author">J.T. HAMMACK</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BISHOP BARNABY.</h3> +<p>Mr. Editor,—Legour asks, why the people in Suffolk call a +lady-bird "Bishop Barnaby?"</p> +<p>I give the following from the late Major Moor's <i>Suffolk +Words</i>.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Bishop-Barney. The golden bug. See Barnabee. In Tasser's <i>Ten +Unwelcome Guests in the Dairy</i>, he enumerates 'the Bishop that +burneth' (pp. 142. 144.), in an ambiguous way, which his +commentator does not render at all clear. I never heard of this +calumniated insect being an unwelcome guest in the dairy; but +Bishop-Barney, or Burney, and Barnabee, or Burnabee, and +Bishop-that-burneth, seem, in the absence of explanation to be +nearly related—in sound at any rate. Under <i>Barnabee</i> it +will be seen that <i>burning</i> has some connection with the +history of this pretty insect."</p> +<p>"Barnabee," writes the Major, "the golden-bug, or lady-bird; +also Bishop-Barney: which see. This pretty little, and very useful +insect, is tenderly regarded by our children. One settling on a +child is always sent away with this sad valediction:—</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Gowden-bug, gowden-bug, fly away home,</p> +<p>Yar house is bahnt deown and yar children all gone."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>To which I add another nursery doggerel less sad:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Bishop, Bishop-Barnabee,</p> +<p>Tell me when your wedding be,</p> +<p>If it be to-morrow day</p> +<p>Take your wings and fly away."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The Major adds, "It is sure to fly off on the third +repetition."</p> +<p>"Burnt down," continues the Major, "gives great scope to our +country euphonic twang, altogether inexpressible in type; <i>bahnt +deeyown</i> comes as near to it as my skill in orthography will +allow."</p> +<p>Ray, in his <i>South and East Country Words</i>, has +this:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Bishop, the little spotted beetle, commonly called the lady-cow +or lady-bird. I have heard this insect in other places called +golden-knop, and doubtless in other countries it hath other names. +(<i>E. W.</i> p. 70) Golden-bugs the common Suffolk name."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">J.G. Southwold, Nov. 16. 1849.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>TRADE EDITIONS—COTTLE'S LIFE OF COLERIDGE.</h3> +<p>Sir,—In the 2nd vol. of Mr. Collier's valuable and +interesting <i>Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers' +Company</i>, p. 28, is the following entry:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Thos. Dason. Licensed unto him the praise of follie; to print +not above xv° of any impression, with this condition, that any +of the Company may laie on with him, reasonablie at every +impression, as they think good, and that he shall gyve reasonable +knowledge before to them as often as he shall print it."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This is both curious and important information as being, in all +probability, the earliest recorded instance of a custom still kept +up amongst booksellers, and which now passes under the designation +of a "Trade edition;" the meaning of which being, that the +copyright, instead of being the exclusive property of one person, +is divided into shares and held by several. There are Trade +editions of such voluminous authors as Shakspeare, Gibbon, Hume, +and Robertson, for instance; and Alison's <i>Europe</i>, if +published half a century back, might in all probability have been +added to the list. The difference between the ancient and the +modern usage appears to be this, that formerly when the type was +set up for an edition "any of the company may laie on, (these two +last words are still technically used by printers for supplying +type with paper,) reasonablie at every impression," &c.; in +other words, may print as many copies from the type "as they think +good;" whereas now, the edition is first printed, and then the +allotment of the copies, and the actual cost of them is made, +according to the number of shares.</p> +<p>If this is a "Note" worth registering, it is much at your +service, whilst for a "Query," I should be very glad to be +informed, when a very able review, the date of which I neglected +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page56" id="page56"></a>{56}</span> +to make at the time, appeared in the <i>Times</i> newspaper, of the +2nd edition of Cottle's <i>Life of Coleridge</i>.</p> +<p>With many good wishes for the success of your register,</p> +<p>I remain, &c.</p> +<p class="author">JOHN MILAND.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>DIBDIN'S TYPOGRAPHICAL ANTIQUITIES.</h3> +<p>Sir,—I am very glad to have elicited the information +contained in your number just published respecting the copy of +Borde's work in the Chetham Library. As I have a great respect for +Mr. Ames, I must remark that he had no share in the blunder, and +whenever a new edition of his work is undertaken, it will be well +to look rather curiously into the enlargements of Dibdin. In the +mean time this information naturally leads to another +Query—or rather, to more than one—namely, "<i>Had</i> +Mr. Bindley's copy this unique imprint? and what became of it at +the sale of his books? or is it only one of the imaginary editions +which give bibliographers so much trouble?" Perhaps some one of +your correspondents may be able to give information.</p> +<p>Yours, &c.</p> +<p class="author">S.R. MAITLAND.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h3>QUERIES ANSWERED, NO. 2</h3> +<h3>MADOC THE SON OF OWEN GWYNED.</h3> +<p>The student who confines himself to a single question, may +fairly expect a prompt and precise answer. To ask for general +information on a particular subject, may be a less successful +experiment. Who undertakes extensive research except for an +especial purpose? Who can so far confide in his memory as to append +his name to a list of authorities without seeming to prove his own +superficiality? I throw out these ideas for consideration, just as +they arise; but neither wish to repress the curiosity of +<i>querists</i>, nor to prescribe bounds to the communicative +disposition of <i>respondents</i>.</p> +<p>Did Madoc, son of Owen Gwynedd, prince of Wales, discover +America? Stimulated by the importance of the question, and +accustomed to admire the spirit of maritime enterprise, at whatever +period it may have been called into action, I have sometimes +reflected on this debatable point—but can neither affirm nor +deny it.</p> +<p>I advise the <i>student</i>, as a preliminary step to the +inquiry, to attempt a collection of all the accessible evidence, +historical and ethnographic, and to place the materials which +pertain to each class in the order of time. The historical evidence +exists, I believe exclusively, in the works of the chroniclers and +bards of Wales; and the ethnographic evidence in the narratives of +travellers in America. The opinions of modern writers, the gifted +author of <i>Madoc</i> not excepted, he is at liberty to consider +as <i>hors-d'oeuere</i>—to be passed on, or tasted, +<i>à plaisir</i>. As an exemplification of this plan, I +submit some short extracts, with critical remarks:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Madoc another of Owen Gwyneth his sonnes left the land +[North-Wales] in contention betwixt his brethren, and prepared +certaine ships with men and munition, and sought adventures by +seas, sailing west, and leaving the coast of Ireland so far north, +that he came to a land unknowen, where he saw manie strange +things."—CARADOC OF LLANCARVAN, <i>continued—The +historie of Cambria</i>, 1584. 4º. p. 227.</p> +<p>[The history of Caradoc ends with A.D. 1156. The continuation, +to the year 1270, is ascribed by Powel, the editor of the volume, +to the monks of Conway and Stratflur.]</p> +<p>Carmina Meredith filii Rhesi [Meredydd ab Rhys] mentionem +facientia de Madoco filio Oweni Gwynedd, et de suâ +navigatione in terras incognitas. Vixit hic Meredith circiter annum +Domini 1477.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Madoc wyf, mwyedic wedd,</p> +<p>Iawn genau, Owen Gwynedd;</p> +<p>Ni fynnum dir, fy enaid oedd,</p> +<p>Na da mawr, ond y moroedd.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>The same in English.</i></p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Madoc I am the sonne of Owen Gwynedd</p> +<p>With stature large, and comely grace adorned;</p> +<p>No lands at home nor store of wealth me please,</p> +<p>My minde was whole to searche the ocean seas.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>"These verses I received of my learned friend M. William +Camden." <i>Richard Hakluyt</i>, 1589.</p> +<p>[The eulogy of Meredydd ab Rhys is very indefinite, but deserves +notice on account of its early date. He "flourished," says W. Owen, +"between A.D. 1430 and 1460."]</p> +<p>"This land must needs be some part of that countrie of which the +Spaniardes affirme themselves to be the first finders sith Hannos +time; ... Whereupon it is manifest, that that countrie was long +before by Brytaines discouered, afore either Columbus or Americus +Vespatius lead anie Spaniardes thither. Of the viage and returne of +this Madoc there be <i>manie fables fained</i>, as the common +people doo use in distance of place <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page57" id="page57"></a>{57}</span> and length of time rather to +augment than to diminish: but sure it is, that there he +was."—HUMFREY LHOYD, <i>Additions to the Historie of +Cambria</i>, p. 228.</p> +<p>[Lhoyd, who translated the history of Caradoc, and made +considerable additions to it, died in 1568. He mentions the second +voyage of Madoc, but cites no authority.]</p> +<p>"This Madoc arriving in that westerne countrie, unto the which +he came, in the year 1170, left most of his people there: and +returning backe for more of his owne nation, acquaintance and +freends, to inhabite that faire and large countrie: went thither +againe with ten sailes, as I find noted by Gutyn Owen. I am of +opinion that the land, wherevnto he came, was some part of Mexico:" +etc.—David Powel, S.T.P., note in <i>The historie of +Cambria</i>, 1584. 4°. p. 229.</p> +<p>[The learned Powel relies on the authority of the poet Gutyn +Owen. "He wrote," says W. Owen, "between A.D. 1460 and +1490"—three centuries after the event in question!]</p> +</blockquote> +<p><i>Ethnographic evidence.</i></p> +<blockquote> +<p>"They came [anno 1536] to part of the West Indies about Cape +Breton, shaping their course thence north-eastwards, vntill they +camme to the Island of Penguin," etc.—The voyage of master +Hore, in <i>The principall navigations</i>, etc. 1589. Fol.</p> +<p>[Antiquaries consider the mention of <i>Cape Breton</i> and +<i>Penguin Island</i> as evidence. It cannot prove much, as the +particulars were not committed to writing till about half-a-century +after the voyage.]</p> +<p>"There is also another kinde of foule in that countrey [between +the Gulf of Mexico and Cape Breton] ... they have white heads, and +therefore the country men call them <i>penguins</i> (which seemeth +to be a Welsh nanme). And <i>they have also in use divers other +Welsh words, a matter worthy the noting</i>."—The relation of +David Ingram, 1568. in <i>The principall navigations</i>, etc. +1589. Fol.</p> +<p>[This narrative was compiled from answers to certain +<i>queries</i>—perhaps twenty years after the events +related.]</p> +<p>"Afterwards [anno 1669] they [The Doeg Indians] carried us to +their town, and entertained us civilly for four months; and I did +converse with them of many things in the British tongue, and <i>did +preach to them three times a week in the British tongue</i>," etc. +Rev. Morgan Jones, 1686.—<i>British Remains</i>, 1777. +8°.</p> +<p>[The editor omits to state how he procured the manuscript. The +paper whence the above is extracted is either decisive of the +question at issue, or a forgery.]</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The <i>student</i> may infer, even from these imperfect hints, +that I consider the subject which he proposes to himself as one +which deserves a strict investigation—provided the +collections hereafter described have ceased to be in existence.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"With respect to this extraordinary occurence in the history of +Wales, I have collected a multitude of evidences, in conjunction +with Edward Williams, the bard, to prove that Madog must have +reached the American continent; for the descendants of him and his +followers exist there as a nation to this day; and the present +position of which is on the southern branches of the Missouri +river, under the appellations of Padoucas, White Indians, Civilized +Indians, and Welsh Indians."—<i>William Owen</i>, F.A.S. +1803.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The title prefixed to this paper would be a misnomer, if I did +not add a list of books which it may be desirable to +consult:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p><i>On the Scandinavian discoveries.</i>—Mémoires de +la société royale des antiquaires du Nord. 1836-1839. +<i>Copenhague.</i> 8°. p. 27.—Historia Vinlandiæ +Antiquæ, seu partis Americæ septentrionalis—per +Thormodum Terfæum. <i>Haviniæ</i>, 1705. 8°. 1715. +8°—Antiquitates Americanæ, sive scriptores +septentrionales rerum Ante-Columbianarum in America. +<i>Hafniæ</i>, 1837. 4°.</p> +<p><i>On the Welsh discoveries.</i>—The historie of Cambria, +now called Wales—continued by David Powel. <i>London</i>, +1584. 4°. The Myvyrian archaiology of Wales, <i>London</i>, +1801-7. 8°. 3 vol. British remains, by the Rev. N. Owen, A.M. +<i>London</i>, 1777. 8°. The Cambrian biography, by William +Owen, F.A.S. <i>London</i>, 1803. 8°. Biblithèque +Américaine, par H. Ternaux. <i>Paris</i>, 1837. 8°. The +principall navigations, voiages and discoveries of the English +nation—by Richard Hakluyt, M.A. <i>London</i>, 1589. fol.</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">BOLTON CORNEY.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MADOC—HIS EXPEDITION TO AMERICA.</h3> +<p>Dr. Plott, in his account, and Lord Monboddo, <i>Origin and +Progress of Language</i>, refer to the <i>Travels of Herbert</i> +(17th century), lib. iii. cap. ult., for a full history of this +supposed discovery. They derived it from Meredyth ap Rhys, Gatty +Owen, and Cynfyn ap Gronow, A.D. 1478-80. See also +<i>Atheneaum</i>, Aug. 19. 1848.—Professor Elton's address at +the meeting of the British Association, on this and the earlier +Icelandic discovery.</p> +<p>The belief in the story has been lately renewed. See +<i>Archæologia Cambrens</i>, 4. 65., and <i>L'Acadie</i>, by +Sir J.E. Alexander, 1849. I will only observe that in Dr. Plott's +account, Madoc was directed by the <i>best compass</i>, and this in +1170! See M'Culloch's <i>Dictionary of Commerce</i>.</p> +<p class="author">ANGLO-CAMBRIAN.</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page58" id="page58"></a>{58}</span> +<h3>MADOC'S EXPEDITION.</h3> +<p>A traveller informs us that Baron A. von Humboldt urges further +search after this expedition in the Welsh records. He thinks the +passage is in the <i>Examin Critique</i>.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>QUERIES</h2> +<h3>"CLOUDS" OR SHROUDS, IN SHAKESPEARE.</h3> +<p>I quite agree with your correspondent D.N.R., that there never +has been an editor of Shakespeare capable of doing him full +justice. I will go farther and say, that there never will be an +editor capable of doing him any thing like justice. I am the most +"modern editor" of Shakespeare, and I am the last to pretend that I +am at all capable of doing him justice: I should be ashamed of +myself if I entertained a notion so ridiculously presumptuous. What +I intended was to do him all the justice in my power, and that I +accomplished, however imperfectly. It struck me that the best mode +of attempting to do him any justice was to take the utmost pains to +restore his text to the state in which he left it; and give me +leave, very humbly, to say that this is the chief recommendation of +the edition I superintended through the press, having collated +every line, syllable, and letter, with every known old copy. For +this purpose I saw, consulted and compared every quarto and every +folio impression in the British Museum, at Oxford, at Cambridge, in +the libraries of the Duke of Devonshire and Lord Ellesmere, and in +several private collections. If my edition have no other merit, I +venture to assert that it has this. It was a work of great labour, +but it was a work also of sincere love. It is my boast, and my only +boast, that I have restored the text of Shakespeare, as nearly as +possible, to the integrity of the old copies.</p> +<p>When your correspondent complains, therefore, that in "Hen. IV. +Part 2," Act III. sc. 1., in the line,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"With deafening clamours in the slippery clouds,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>the word <i>shrouds</i> is not substituted by editors of +Shakespeare for "clouds," the answer is, that not a single old copy +warrants the merely fanciful emendation, and that it is not at all +required by the sense of the passage. In the 4to of 1600, and in +the folio of 1623, the word is "clouds;" and he must be a very bold +editor (in my opinion little capable of doing justice to any +author), who would substitute his own imaginary improvement, for +what we have every reason to believe is the genuine text. +<i>Shrouds</i> instead of "clouds" is a merely imaginary +improvement, supported by no authority, and (as, indeed, your +correspondent shows) without the merit of originality. I am for the +text of Shakespeare as he left it, and as we find it in the most +authentic representations of his mind and meaning.</p> +<p class="author">J. PAYNE COLLIER.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MEDAL OF THE PRETENDER.</h3> +<p>Sir,—Possibly some one of your literary correspondents, +who may be versed in the, what D'Israeli would call <i>Secret</i> +History of the Jacobite Court, will endeavour to answer a "Query" +relative to the following rare medal:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p><i>Obv.</i> A ship of war bearing the French flag; on the shore +a figure in the dress of a Jesuit (supposed to represent Father +Petre) seated astride of a <i>Lobster</i>, holding in his arms the +young Prince of Wales, who has a little windmill on his head. +Legend: "Allons mon Prince, nous sommes en bon chemin." In the +exergue, "Jacc: Franç: Eduard, supposé. 20 Juin, +1688."</p> +<p><i>Rev.</i> A shield charged with a windmill, and surmounted by +a Jesuit's bonnet; two rows of Beads or Rosaries, for an order or +collar, within which we read "Honny soit qui <i>non</i> y pense;" a +<i>Lobster</i> is suspended from the collar as a badge. Legend: +"Les Armes et l'Ordre du pretendu Prince de Galles."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The difficulty in the above medal is <i>the Lobster</i>, though +doubtless it had an allusion to some topic or scandal of the day; +whoever can elucidate it will render good service to Medallic +History, for hitherto it has baffled all commentators and +collectors of medals. The windmill (indicative of the poplar fable +that the Prince was the son of a miller), and the Roman Catholic +symbols, are well understood.</p> +<p>There is an engraving of this medal in Van Loon's <i>Histoire +Metallique des Pays Bas</i>. It is also imperfectly engraved in +Edwards' <i>Medallic History of England</i>, for the Jesuit is +represented kneeling on the shore, and Pinkerton, who furnished the +text, calls it "a boy kneeling on the shore." The medal is so rare +that probably the artist could obtain only a rubbed or mutilated +impression to engrave from. My description is from a <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page59" id="page59"></a>{59}</span> specimen, in +my own collection, as fine as the day it was minted.</p> +<p>I may add that both Van Loon and Pinkerton have engraved the +legend in the collar erroneously, "honi soit qui <i>bon</i> y +pense;" it should be "<i>non</i>."</p> +<p class="author">B. NIGHTINGALE.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>ROGER DE COVERLEY.</h3> +<p>In the <i>Spectator's</i> description of Sir Roger de Coverley +it is said, "that his great-grandfather was the inventor of that +famous country dance which is called after him." To the tune, as +printed in Chappell's <i>English Melodies</i>, is appended a note +to the effect that it was called after "Roger of Coverley" (Cowley, +near Oxford).</p> +<p>Can any one inform me—</p> +<p>I. Where any notice of that Roger is to be found?</p> +<p>II. What is the etymon of "Cowley" (Temple Cowley and Church +Cowley)?</p> +<p>III. If any notice of the tune is to be met with earlier than +1695, when it was printed by H. Playford in his <i>Dancing +Master</i>?</p> +<p class="author">W.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>HISTORY OF LANDED AND COMMERCIAL POLICY OF +ENGLAND—HISTORY OF EDWARD II.</h3> +<p>Who was the author of the two following works?—"Remarks +upon the History of the Landed and Commercial Policy of England, +from the Invasion of the Romans to the Accession of James I. 2 +vols. London: printed for E. Brooke, in Bell Yard, Temple Bar, +MDCCLXXXV."</p> +<p>"The History of the Life, Reign, and Death of Edward II, King of +England and Lord of Ireland, with the Rise and Fall of his great +Favourites, Gaveston and the Spencers. Written by E.F. in the year +1627, and printed verbatim from the original. London: Printed by +J.C. for Charles Harper, at the Flower-de-Luce in Fleet St.; Samuel +Crouch, at the Princes' Arms, in Pope's head Alley in Cornhill; and +Thomas Fox, at the Angel in Westminster Hall, 1680. (a portrait of +Ed. II.)" In the 1st vol. Harl. Miscell. it is said that the above +was found with the papers of the first Lord Falkland, and is +attributed to him. My copy has Faulconbridge inserted in MS. over +the F., and a book plate of Earl Verney, motto "<i>Prodesse quam +conspici</i>," with an escutcheon of pretence.</p> +<p class="author">ANGLO-CAMBRIAN</p> +<hr /> +<h3>THE REVEREND THOMAS LEMAN.</h3> +<p>Mr. Editor,—Amongst the later authorities on subjects of +British-Roman antiquity, the Rev. Thomas Leman is constantly +referred to, and in terms of great commendation.</p> +<p>Can you inform me whether that gentleman published any work or +made an avowed communication of any of his researches? His name is +not found in the Index to the <i>Archæologia</i>.</p> +<p>Mr. Leman contributed largely to Mr. Hatcher's edition of +<i>Richard of Cirencester</i>; but it is one of the unsatisfactory +circumstances of this work that these contributions, and whatever +may have been derived from the late Bishop of Cloyne, are merely +acknowledged in general terms, and are not distinguished as they +occur.</p> +<p>I believe the MS. of the work was all in Mr. Hatcher's +handwriting; some of your readers may possibly have the means of +knowing in what way he used the materials thus given, or to what +extent they were adapted or annotated by himself.</p> +<p class="author">A.T. Coleman Street, Nov. 13.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE.</h3> +<p>Sir,—Will any of your readers favour me with an account of +the origin, as well as the date of introduction, of the term +"<i>Gothic</i>," as applied to the Pointed Styles of Ecclesiastical +Architecture?</p> +<p>This Query is, of course, intimately connected with the +much-disputed question of the origin of the Pointed Style itself. +But yet I imagine that the <i>application</i> of the term +"<i>Gothic</i>" may be found to be quite distinct, in its origin, +from the first rise of the Pointed Arch. The invention of the +Pointed Arch cannot, surely, be attributed to the <i>Goths</i>; +whence then the origin and the <i>meaning</i> of the term +<i>Gothic</i>?</p> +<p class="author">R. VINCENT. Winchester, Nov. 12.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>KATHERINE PEGG.</h3> +<p>Sir,—I think you may safely add Pepys's <i>Diary</i> to +the list of books in illustration of which you are willing to +receive both Queries and Answers. There is not a passage in the +<i>Diary</i> that does not deserve to be understood.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page60" id="page60"></a>{60}</span> +<p>At vol. iv. p. 435. of the new edition is the following +entry:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"7 May, 1668. Here [at the King's Theatre] I did kiss the pretty +woman newly come, called Pegg, that was Sir Charles Sedley's +mistress, a mighty pretty woman, and seems (but is not) +modest."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>On this Lord Braybrooke has the following note:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Pegg must have been Margaret Hughes, Prince Rupert's mistress, +who had probably before that time lived with Sir Charles +Sedley."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>And then follows some account of Mrs. Hughes. But, <i>query</i>, +was the "Pegg" of the <i>Diary</i>, Peg Hughes? was she not rather +as I belived her to have been, Katherine Pegg, by whom king Charles +II. had a son, Charles Fitz-Charles, created Earl of Plymouth, 29th +July, 1675, died 1680?</p> +<p>Katherine Pegg has escaped Lord Braybrooke. Can any of your +correspondents tell me who she was?</p> +<p class="author">PETER CUNNINGHAM</p> +<hr /> +<h3>QUERIES IN MEDIÆVAL GEOGRAPHY.</h3> +<p>What are the modern names of "Watewich," "Portum Pusillum," +"Mare de Saham," "Perpessa," and "Northmuth?" They are not to be +found in Ferrario's <i>Lexicon</i> (a geographical dictionary so +defective that it has not even the Latin name for Aix-la-Chapelle), +nor in Baudrand's <i>Lexicon Geographicum</i> (a good dictionary +for the mediæval Latin names in France, but not so perfect as +the <i>Index Geographicum</i> attached to the volumes of Bouquet), +nor in Martiniere's <i>Grande Dictionnarie Geographique</i>, nor in +the Index to Wright's <i>Courthand</i>, a miserable and imperfect +compilation.</p> +<p class="note">[These Queries are addressed to our correspondents +in a very flattering review of "NOTES AND QUERIES" which appeared +in the <i>Morning Herald</i> of the 16th of November, and we shall +be very glad to receive such answers to all or any of them as it +may be in the power of any of our friends to supply.]</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MYLES BLOOMFYLDE AND WILLIAM BLOMEFIELD'S METRICAL WRITINGS ON +ALCHYMY.</h3> +<p>Sir,—I have had intrusted to me a MS. metrical book on +Alchymy, "written by me Myles Bloomefylde, late of Bury Saynes +Edmunde in ye Countye of Suffolke, Physytione;" but I can find no +account of the author. Worton, Ritson, and Tanner, mention a +"William Blomefield, born at Bury. Bachelor in Physic and a Monk of +Bury," who wrote <i>inter alia</i> a metrical work called +<i>Bloomefield's Blossoms, or the Camp of Philosophy</i>.</p> +<p>Were there two metrical writers on alchymy of the name +Bloomfield, temp. Eliz. and connected with Bury?</p> +<p class="author">BURIENSIS.</p> +<p class="note">[The following Note by Park, which first appeared +in the Edition of Wharton published in 1840, iii., p. 83., coupled +with the fact that William Blomefield is described as a Bachelor of +Physic, would seem to show that there is but one writer, whose +proper name is not William, but Myles: "From Ashmole's <i>Notes on +Theatrum Chemicum</i>, 1652. p. 478., it seems doubtful whether his +name was not Myles."]</p> +<hr /> +<h3>THYNNE'S COLLECTION OF CHANCELLORS.</h3> +<p>Mr. Editor,—Can any of your correspondents inform me who +was the "streict laced" gaoler of the records, alluded to in the +following passage in the <i>Collection of Chancellors of +England</i>, by Francis Thynne, inserted in Holinshed (ed. 1808) +iv. 351.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"John, Chancellor of England in the time of king Henrie the +second, but what he was or in what yeare of king Henrie he lived I +doo not know, and therefore leave it to <i>him that both can and +ought to give life</i> to these persons whom he imprisoneth in the +east castell of London; not doubting but in time he will doo his +countrie good, and correct other men; though <i>now he be so +streict laced</i>, as that he will not procure anie furtherance of +other men's trauels."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>[Greek: S.]</p> +<hr /> +<h3>COLD HARBOUR</h3> +<p>Mr. Editor,—In examining the Ordnance Survey of Kent, I +was quite surprised at the recurrence of the name "Cold Harbour;" +and again, in Wyld's Map of London in 1550.</p> +<p>I believe the point has been explained before, but perhaps some +of your readers could give some information as to its origin.</p> +<p class="author">G.H.B.</p> +<p>Nov. 8. 1849.</p> +<p class="note">[The Society of Antiquaries was a good deal +occupied, we scarcely know whether we may say interested, in the +question raised by our correspondent, during the last session: and +considerable <span class="pagenum"><a name="page61" id= +"page61"></a>{61}</span> information upon the subject will be found +in the published <i>Proceedings</i> of the Society, and in the last +part of the <i>Archæologia</i>. We should like to know +whether there are <i>Cold Harbours</i> in <i>every</i> county in +England. Mr. Hartshorne published a long list in his <i>Salopia +Antiqua</i>. If our correspondents can give us any addition to that +list, they will be acceptable. We are aware that there are several +in Kent.]</p> +<hr /> +<h3>STATISTICS OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.</h3> +<p>Mr. Editor,—If any reader of your valuable and much-needed +periodical can, through its medium, supply me with the title of +some recent and authentic work containing <i>Statistics</i> of the +Roman Catholic Church—<i>e.g.</i> the number of its members, +or reputed members, in the different European States; the number +and temporalities of its sees, clergy, &c.—he will confer +on me a great obligation; one which it will be a pleasure to me to +repay to some other "Querist," should it lie within my power to +supply any desired information, in my turn. Your faithful +servant,</p> +<p class="author">E.E.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>INCUMBENTS OF CHURCH LIVINGS.</h3> +<p>Sir,—perhaps some of the readers of your useful +publication could inform me where I can find the <i>name</i> and +<i>birth-place</i> of incumbents of church livings prior to 1680, +and the patrons of them. Your well-wisher,</p> +<p class="author">L.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>THE CURSE OF SCOTLAND—WHY IS THE NINE OF DIAMONDS SO +CALLED?</h3> +<p>I shall be obliged to any of your correspondents who will inform +me why the Nine of Diamonds is called the curse of Scotland. I have +heard two causes assigned. One, that the Duke of Cumberland, on the +field after the battle of Culloden, wrote upon the back of this +card a very cruel and inhuman order for the destruction of the +persons and property of the rebels. This cannot be true, for I have +in my possession a print entitled "Britons Association against the +Pope's Bulls." In it the young Pretender or prince is represented +attempting to lead across the Tweed a herd of bulls laden with +curses, excommunications, indulgences, &c. &c. &c. On +the ground before them lies the Nine of Diamonds. This print is +dated Oct. 21. 1745, some months previous to the battle of +Culloden.</p> +<p>The other cause assigned is, that the nine lozenges with which +the saltire is charged in the armorial bearings of the Earl of +Stair, are so arranged as to resemble the nine of diamonds, which +was called the curse of Scotland, from the active part taken by +that Earl in promoting the Union, which was most unpopular in +Scotland. I cannot positively deny that the card in question owes +its evil name to this cause, but I am not aware that the Earl of +Stair was so conspicuously active as to occasion his being +peculiarly selected as an object of popular aversion on that +account. He was indeed a commissioner for drawing up the articles +of the union, and he was sent ambassador to the court of Louis XIV. +chiefly for the purpose of watching the proceedings of the +Jacobites; these circumstances may have added to the odium which +attached to his name from the part which was taken by his +predecessor, who was Secretary for Scotland, and was charged with +having exceeded his authority in ordering the massacre of +Glencoe.</p> +<p class="author">EDW. HAWKINS.</p> +<p>Nov. 12. 1849</p> +<p class="note">[We would add to Mr. Hawkins's Query, another, +viz.: What is the earliest known instance of the card in question +being so designated? For it is clear, if such was the case before +the Union, the second explanation is as little satisfactory as the +first.]</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h3>NOTES OF BOOK SALES—CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> +<p>The collectors of British portraits—and there are +doubtless many such among our readers—will shortly have such +an opportunity of enriching their portfolios as rarely presents +itself. Messrs. Sotheby and Co. commence, on the 3rd of December, +the sale of the second portion of the important and valuable stock +of prints belonging to the well-known and eminent printsellers, +Messrs. W. and G. Smith, whose shop in Lisle Street, Leicester +Square, has been for so many years the favourite resort of all who +were in search of the rare and curious in calcographic art. Messrs. +Sotheby describe the present Sale as "comprising one of the most +numerous and interesting collections of British Historical +Portraits ever offered for sale;" and the following Lots, which +exhibit specimens of the rarities it contains, justify their +statement.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>33 ARCHIBALD EARL OF ARGYLL, by <i>Loggan, first state, before +the inscription round the oval</i>, VERY FINE AND RARE.</p> +<p>56 SIR WM. ASHURST, <i>Lord Mayor of London, 1694, after Linton, +by R. White</i>, VERY FINE AND RARE.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page62" id="page62"></a>{62}</span> +<p>59 SLINGSBY BETHELL, ONE OF THE SHERIFFS OF LONDON, &c. +1680, <i>whole length, W. Sherwin sculpt., sold by S. Lee, at the +Feathers in Lumbert Street</i>, VERY FINE AND EXTREMELY RARE.</p> +<p>130 SIR RICHARD RAINSFORD, <i>Lord Chief Justice of the King's +Bench, mezzotint after Claret, R. Tompson excudit</i>, MOST +BRILLIANT AND VERY RARE.</p> +<p>160 JAMES THE FORTH, KING OF SCOTLAND, <i>holding a flower in +his hand, sold by Compton Holland</i>, EXTREMELY FINE AND VERY +RARE.</p> +<p>176 FREDERICK KING OF BOHEMIA, <i>half length, standing under an +arch, four Latin lines beneath, no engraver's name</i>, VERY FINE +AND EXTREMELY RARE.</p> +<p>184 CHARLES LEWIS, COUNT PALATINE OF THE RHINE, son of the King +of Bohemia, on horseback, with a view of London beyond him; circles +containing the dates of the births of his brothers and sisters at +the top on the left, eight English lines beneath: <i>a most +interesting and rare print</i>, BRILLIANT IMPRESSION, AND IN THE +MOST PERFECT CONDITION.</p> +<p>328 SIR JOHN FENWICK, <i>of Fenwick Castle, in the Country of +Northumberland, executed in 1696, on suspicion of being engaged in +a plot to assassinate William III., after Wissing, by White</i>, +VERY FINE AND EXTREMELY RARE.</p> +<p>244 THOMAS CARTWRIGHT, <i>Bishop of Chester, after Soust, by +Becket</i>, VERY FINE AND RARE.</p> +<p>262 JOHN DOLBEN, BISHOP OF ROCHESTER, JOHN FELL, BISHOP OF +OXFORD, AND DR. RICHARD ALLESTRY, <i>called by Charles II</i>. +CHIPLEY, CHOPLEY, CHEPLEY, <i>from the picture in Christchurch +Hall, by Sir P. Lely, D. Loggan excudit</i>, BRILLIANT PROOF, AND +EXTREMELY RARE.</p> +<p>304 SIR HENRY CHAUNCEY, <i>the historian of Hertfordshire, by J. +Suvage, fine and rare</i>.</p> +<p>365 GEORGE GORDAN, MARQUIS OF HUSTLEY, by <i>Sauvè</i>, +FINE AND EXTREMELY RARE.</p> +<p>374 ROBERT SIDNEY, EARL OF LEICESTER, by <i>Simon Passe, sold by +Sudbury and Humble</i>, VERY FINE AND RARE.</p> +<p>375 ROBERT BERTIE, EARL OF LINDSEY, after <i>Geldorp</i>, by +<i>Voerst</i>, BRILLIANT AND VERY RARE.</p> +<p>558 ISAAC MILERS, by <i>Vertue, first state, before the +alterations of the arms and inscription, very fine and rare; and +the same, in the ordinary state</i>.</p> +<p>661 THOMAS THYNN OF LONG LEATE, <i>murdered in Pall Mall 1682, +after Kneller, by White</i>, VERY FINE AND RARE.</p> +<p>662 THOMAS THYNN, <i>mezzotint after Lely, sold by A. +Browne</i>, VERY FINE AND RARE.</p> +<p>997 LOUISE DUCHESS OF PORTSMOUTH, <i>with her son as Cupid, +after Gascar, by Baudet</i>, VERY FINE AND EXTREMELY RARE, <i>from +Mr. Ord's collection, at the sale of which it produced 8£. +12s. 6d.</i></p> +<p>1000 LOUISE DUCHESS OF PORTSMOUTH, <i>reclining on a couch, +oblong mezzotint</i>, FINE PROOF BEFORE AND LETTERS, AND EXTREMELY +RARE.</p> +<p>1048 <i>Hobson and the Cambridge Carrier, Author of "Hobson's +Choice," by J. Payne, two states, very fine and rare</i>.</p> +<p>1201 JOHN FREDERICK, Elector of Saxony, playing at chess with +Ernest Duke of Brunswick, at the moment when Charles V. sent the +warrant for his execution, A MOST CURIOUS AND INTERESTING +HISTORICAL PRINT, AND EXTREMELY RARE.</p> +<p>1209 ERASMUS, <i>sitting with a book before him</i>, by F. +HOGENBERG, <i>H. COCK excudebat</i>, 1555, VERY FINE AND RARE, +&C.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>We have also received:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A Catalogue of English and Foreign Theology, including some of +the rarest works of our early English Divines; nearly a complete +series of the Fathers of the Church; the various Councils and most +important Ecclesiastical Historians, Liturgical writers, &c." +issued by Leslie, of 58. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn, which +is one which will greatly interest all readers of the peculiar +class to whom it is more particularly addressed.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The same may be said of the excellent "Catalogue of Old and New +Books (Part CIV)," just delivered by Petheramm of 94. High Holborn: +which, in addition to theological works, exhibits many valuable +productions in historical and general literature.</p> +<p>Bernard Quarritch's "Catalogue of Foreign Books and Classics, +selling at 16. Castle Street, Leicester Square," well deserves the +attention of philologists. It is rich, not only in works +illustrative of the Oriental languages and literature, but also in +those of Germany and Scandinavia. Indeed, it is one which should be +looked into by all students of foreign literature.</p> +<p>Some curious articles, more especially in early Italian and +French literature, and on the subject of Alchymy, Astrology, Magic, +&c., will be found in a "Catalogue of Interesting and Rare +Books on sale, by George Bumstead, No. 205. High Holborn."</p> +<p>William Nield, 46. Burlington Arcade is, we believe a new +candidate for the favours of the purchasers of old books. His first +Catalogue contains some curious Articles in the departments of +Demonology and Witchcraft; a few varieties belonging to the +"Marprelate" class such as "Penri's Exhortation;" and a fine +collection of Classical Music.</p> +<p>Lastly, let us mention what cannot but interest many reader of +"NOTES AND QUERIES," that Mr. Lumley, of 56. Chancery Lane, having +purchased the stock of Society of Antiquaries' publications has +divided the volumes of the Archælogia, and has just put forth +a Catalogue of the separate papers, which are for sale, and of +which he says very truly, "their value cannot be disputed," and +they are "now for the first time offered thus to the Public."</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page63" id="page63"></a>{63}</span> +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> +<p>BURNEY'S TREATISE ON MUSIC (not his History).</p> +<p>GRAY'S ELEGY (PROFESSOR YOUNG OF GLASGOW'S CRITISCISM OF).</p> +<p>LIFE OF HON. ROBERT PRICE, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. +London. 1734.</p> +<p>FLORES BERNARDI.</p> +<p>REGNORUM, PROVINCIARUM, CIVITATUMQUE NOMINA LATINA (CORONELLI, +POTIUS ALPHONSUS LASOR A VAREA). Fol. 2 Vols. Venet. 1716. Or the +2nd Vol. only.</p> +<p>BUDDEN'S DISCOURSE FOR PARENTS' HONOUR AND AUTHORITIE. 8vo. +1666.</p> +<p>THE TWO WOLVES IN LAMB'S SKINS, OR OLD ELI'S LAMENTATION OVER +HIS TWO SONS. 8vo. 1716.</p> +<p>AVERELL'S FOUR NOTABLE HISTORIES, ETC. 4to. 1590.</p> +<p>NATURE, A POEM. Folio. 1736.</p> +<p>BARNEFIELD'S PLOWMAN'S COMPLAINT. 4to. 1580.</p> +<p>GILL'S INSTRUCTIONS FOR CHILDREN, in Verse. 1709.</p> +<p>JERMIN'S FATHER'S INSTITUTION OF HIS CHILD. 1658.</p> +<p>PASSIONAEL EPTE DAT LEVENT DER HELLIG N. Folio. Basil. +MDXXII.</p> +<h3>Odd Volumes</h3> +<p>SOUTHEY'S COWPER. Vols. X. XII. XIII. XIV.</p> +<p>CAIRN'S EDITION OF GOLDSMITH'S MISCELLANEOUS WORKS. Edinburgh. +1801. Vol. III.</p> +<p>SHAKSPEARE'S DRAMATIC WORKS.—The <i>Fourth</i> Volume of +WHITTINGHAM'S Edition, in 7 vols. 24mo. Chiswick. 1814.</p> +<p>COOPER'S (C.P.) ACCOUNT OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PUBLIC RECORDS. +8vo. 1832.—The First Volume of</p> +<p>LIVY.—Vol. I. of Crevier's Edition. 6 vols. 4to. Paris. +1739.</p> +<p>Letters stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," +186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> +<p><i>The matter is so generally understood with regard to the +management of periodical works, that it is hardly necessary for the +Editor to say that</i> HE CANNOT UNDERTAKE TO RETURN MANUSCRIPTS; +<i>but on one point he wishes to offer a few words of explanation +to his correspondents in general, and particularly to those who do +not enable him to communicate with them except in print. They will +see, on a very little reflection, that it is plainly his interest +to take all he can get, and make the most, and the best of +everything; and therefore he begs them to take for granted that +their communications are received, and appreciated, even if the +succeeding Number bears no proof of it. He is convinced that the +want of specific acknowledgment will only be felt by those who have +no idea of the labour and difficulty attendant on the hurried +management of such a work, and of the impossibility of sometimes +giving an explanation when there really is one which would quite +satisfy the writer, for the delay or non-insertion of his +communication. Correspondents in such cases have no reason, and if +they understood an editor's position they would feel that they have +no right, to consider themselves undervalued; but nothing short of +personal experience in editorship would explain to them the +perplexities and evil consequences arising from an opposite +course</i>.</p> +<hr /> +<p><i>Surely</i> MELANION <i>is too hard upon our correspondents +and too</i> exigeant <i>towards ourselves. He would place us in a +singular position. He should consider that we have not opened lists +for all comers to tilt against each other. We invite</i> +litterateurs <i>to a</i> re-union, <i>in which they may give and +receive mutual help and aid; but, in order to do so, they must +tolerate each others' little peculiarities, and not espy offence in +them</i>.</p> +<p><i>The Index so kindly offered by</i> MELANION <i>is declined +with many thanks</i>.</p> +<p><i>Answers to several outstanding Queries in our next</i>.</p> +<p>COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVED.—<i>W.—A +Subscriber—F.G.S.—Rev. L.B. +Larking.—J.J.S.—J. +Britton.—T.G.—V.—S.W.S.—C.B.—R.J.S.—Melanion.—W.L.—C.A.H.—Anglo-Cambrian—T. +De +Sternberg.—Q.X.Z.—A.J.E.—Q.D.—F.F.B.—Scotus.—R.D.—P.—Cecil +Moore.—A Hapless +Hunter.—E.—C.H.D.—Q.Q.—P.C.S.S.—J.R.P.—X.X.X.—G.J.K.—F.R.A</i>.</p> +<p>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED.—<i>We believe that this will +prove one of the most useful divisions of our weekly Sheet. +Gentlemen who may be unable to meet with any book or volume of +which they are in want may, upon furnishing name, date, size, +&c., have it inserted in this List</i> free of cost. <i>Persons +having such volumes to dispose of are requested to send reports of +price, &c., to Mr. Bell, our Publisher</i>.</p> +<p><i>We have received many complaints of a difficulty in procuring +our paper. Every Bookseller and Newsvendor will supply it</i> if +ordered, <i>and gentlemen residing in the country may be supplied +regularly with the Stamped Edition by giving their orders direct to +the publisher</i>, Mr. GEORGE BELL, 186. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 4, Saturday, November 24, 1849 + A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc. + + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September 23, 2004 [EBook #13513] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 4, *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team, and The Internet Library of Early Journals + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 4.] SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 1849 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {49} + +CONTENTS. + +Our Progress and Prospects. 49 + +NOTES:-- +Luther and Erasmus, by John Bruce. 50 +Hallam's Middle Ages. 51 +Adversaria I.--Writers of Notes on Fly-leaves. 51 +Origin of Grog and Ancient Alms-Basins. 52 +Dyce v. Warburton and Collier. 53 +Food of the People, by J.T. Hammack. 54 +Bishop Barnaby. 55 +Trade Editions. 55 +Dibdin's Typograph Antiquities, by Rev. Dr. Maitland. 56 +Queries answered, II., by Bolton Corney. 56 +Madoc's Expedition to America. 57 + +QUERIES:-- +"Clouds" or Shrouds, in Shakspeare. 58 +Medal of Pretender, by B. Nightingale. 58 +Roger de Coverley. 59 +Landed and Commercial Policy of England. 59 +The Rev. Thomas Leman. 59 +Gothic Architecture. 59 +Katherine Pegg. 59 +Queries on Mediaeval Geography. 60 +Myles Bloomfylde and William Bloomfield on Alchymy. 60 +Thynne's Collection of Chancellors. 60 +Cold Harbour. 60 +Statistics of the Roman Catholic Church. 61 +Incumbents of Church Livings. 61 +Curse of Scotland, by Edward Hawkins. 61 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- +Notes of Book-Sales, Catalogues, &c. 61 +Books and Odd Volumes wanted. 63 +Notices to Correspondents. 63 + + * * * * * + +OUR PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS. + +When we consulted our literary friends as to the form and manner in +which it would be most expedient to put forth our "NOTES AND QUERIES," +more than one suggested to us that our paper should appear only once a +month, or at all events not more frequently than once a fortnight, on +the ground that a difficulty would be experienced in procuring materials +for more frequent publication. We felt, however, that if such a medium +of Inter-communication, as we proposed to establish was, as we believed, +really wanted, frequency of publication was indispensable. Nothing but a +weekly publication would meet what we believed to be the requirements of +literary men. We determined, therefore, to publish a Number every +Saturday; and the result has so far justified our decision, that the +object of our now addressing our readers is to apologise to the many +friends whose communications we are again unavoidably compelled to +postpone; and to explain that we are preparing to carry out such further +improvements in our arrangements as will enable us to find earlier +admission for all the communications with which we are favoured. + +One other word. It has been suggested to us that in inviting Notes, +Comments, and Emendations upon the works of Macaulay, Hallam, and other +living authors, we may possibly run a risk of offending those eminent +men. We hope not. We are sure that this outght not to be the case. Had +we not recognised the merits of such works, and the influence they were +destined to exercise over men's minds, we should not have opened our +pages for the purpose of receiving, much less have invited, corrections +of the mistakes into which the most honest and the most able of literary +inquirers must sometimes fall. Only those who have meddled in historical +research can be aware of the extreme difficulty, the all but +impossibility, of ascertaining the exact or the whole truth, amidst the +numerous minute and often apparently contradictory facts which present +themselves to the notice of all inquirers. In this very number a +correspondent comments upon an inference drawn by Mr. Hallam from a +passage in Mabillon. In inserting such a communication we show the +respect we feel for Mr. Hallam, and our {50} sense of the services which +he has rendered to historical knowledge. Had we believed that if he has +fallen into a mistake in this instance, it had been not merely a +mistake, but a deliberate perversion of the truth, we should have +regarded both book and writer with indifference, not to say with +contempt. It is in the endeavour to furnish corrections of little +unavoidable slips in such good honest books--albeit imperfect as all +books must be--that we hope at once to render good service to our +national literature, and to show our sense of genius, learning, and +research which have combined to enrich it by the production of works of +such high character and last influence. + + * * * * * + + +NOTES + +LATIN EPIGRAM AGAINST LUTHER AND ERASMUS. + +Mr. Editor,--Your correspondent "Roterodamus" (pp. 27, 28) asks, I hope, +for the author of the epigram which he quotes, with a view to a life of +his great townsman, Erasmus. Such a book, written by some competent +hand, and in an enlarged and liberal spirit, would be a noble addition +to the literature of Europe. There is no civilised country that does not +feel an interest in the labours and in the fame of Erasmus. I am able to +answer your correspondents question, but it is entirely by chance. I +read the epigram which he quotes several years ago, in a book of a kind +which one would like to see better known in this country--a +typographical or bibliographical history of Douay. It is entitled, +"_Bibliographie Douaisienne, ou Catalogue Historique et Raisonne des +Livres imprimes a Douai depuis l'annee 1563 jusqu'a nos jours, avec des +notes bibliographiques et litteraires; Par H.R. Duthilloeul. 8vo. Douai, +1842_." The 111th book noticed in the volume is entitled, "_Epigrammata +in Haereticos. Authore Andrea Frusio, Societatis Jesu. Tres-petit in 8vo. +1596_." The book is stated to contain 251 epigrams, "aimed," says M. +Duthilloeul, "at the heretics and their doctrines. The author has but +one design, which is to render odious and ridiculous, the lives, +persons, and errors of the apostles of the Reformation." He quotes three +of the epigrams, the third being the one your correspondent has given +you. It has this title, "_De Lutheri et Erasmi differentia_," and is the +209th epigram in the book. + +I have never met with a copy of the work of Frusius, nor do I know any +thing of him as an author. The learned writer who pours out a store of +curious learning in the pages of _Gentleman's Magazine_ is more likely +than any body that I know to tell you something about him. + +Mons. Duthilloeul quotes another epigram from the same book upon the +_Encomium Moriae_, but it is too long and too pointless for your pages. +He adds another thing which is more in your way, namely, that a former +possessor of the copy of the work then before him had expressed his +sense of the value of these "epigrammes devotes" in the following +NOTE:-- + + "_Nollem carere hoe libello auro nequidem contra pensitato_." + +Perhaps some one who possesses or has access to the book would give us a +complete list of the persons who are the subjects of these defamatory +epigrams. And I may add, as you invite us to put our queries, Is not +Erasmus entitled to the distinction of being regarded as the author of +the work which the largest single edition has ever been printed and +sold? Mr. Hallam mentions that, "in the single year 1527, Colinaeus +printed 24,000 copies of the _Colloquies_, all of which were sold." This +is the statement of Moreri. Bayle gives some additional information. +Quoting a letter of Erasmus as his authority, he says, that Colinaeus, +who--like the Brussels and American reprinters of our day--was printing +the book at Paris from a Basle edition, entirely without the concurrence +of Erasmus, and without any view of his participation in the profit, +circulated a report that the book was about to be prohibited by the Holy +See. The curiosity of the public was excited. Every one longed to secure +a copy. The enormous edition--for the whole 24,000 was but one +impression--was published contemporaneously with the report. It was a +cheap and elegant book, and sold as fast as it could be handed over the +booksellers counter. As poor Erasmus had no pecuniary benefit {51} from +the edition, he ought to have the credit which arises from this proof of +his extraordinary popularity. The public, no doubt, enjoyed greatly his +calm but pungent exposure of the absurd practices which were rife around +them. That his humorous satire was felt by its objects, is obvious from +this epigram, as well as from a thousand other evidences. + +JOHN BRUCE. + + * * * * * + +HALLAMS MIDDLE AGES--ALLEGED IGNORANCE OF THE CLERGY. + +Sir,--When reading Hallam's _History of the Middle Ages_ a short time +ago I was startled by the following passage which occurs amongst other +evidences of the ignorance of the clergy during the period subsequent to +the dissolution of the Roman Empire. + + "Not one priest in a thousand in Spain about the age of + Charlemagne, could address a common letter of salutation to + another."--_Hallam's Middle Ages_, vol. iii. p. 332. + +And for this statement he refers to Mabillon, _De Re Diplomatica_, p. +52. + +On referring to Mabillon, I find that the passage runs as follows:-- + + "Christiani posthabitis scripturis sanctis, earumque + interpretibus, Arabum Chaldaeorumque libris evolvendis + incumbentes, legem suam nesciebant, et linguam propriam non + advertebant latinam, ita ut ex omni Christi collegio vix + inveniretur unus in milleno hominum genere, qui salutatorias + fratri posset rationabiliter dirigere litteras." + +So that although Mabillon says that scarce one in a thousand could +address a _Latin_ letter to another, yet he by no means says that it was +on account of their general ignorance, but because they were addicting +themselves to other branches of learning. They were devoting all their +energies to Arabic and Chaldaean science, and in their pursuit of it +neglected other literature. A similar remark might be made of respecting +many distinguished members of the University to which I belong; yet who +would feel himself justified in inferring thence that Cambridge was sunk +in ignorance? + +CANTAB. + + * * * * * + +ADVERSARIA + + [In our Prospectus we spoke of NOTES AND QUERIES becoming + everybody's common-place book. The following very friendly + letter from an unknown correspondent, G.J.K., urges us to carry + out such an arrangement. + + "Sir,--I beg leave to forward you a contribution for your 'NOTES + AND QUERIES,' a periodical which is, I conceive, likely to do a + vast deal of good by bringing literary men of all shades of + opinion into closer juxtaposition than they have hitherto been. + + "I would, however, suggest that in future numbers a space might + be allotted for the reception of those articles (short of + course), which students and literary men in general, transfer to + their common-place books; such as notices of scarce or curious + books, biographical or historical curiosities, remarks on + ancient or obsolete customs, &c. &c. &c. Literary men are + constantly meeting with such in the course of their reading, and + how much better would it be if, instead of transferring them to + a MS. book to be seen only by themselves, or perhaps a friend or + two, they would forward them to a periodical, in which they + might be enshrined in imperishable pica; to say nothing of the + benefits such a course of proceeding would confer on those who + might not have had the same facilities of gaining the + information thus made public. + + "In pursuance of this suggestion, I have forwarded the inclosed + paper, and should be happy, from time to time, to contribute + such gleanings from old authors, &c. as I might think worth + preserving. + + "G.J.K." + +We readily comply with G.J.K.'s suggestion, and print, as the first of +the series, his interesting communication, entitled:] + +1. _Writers of Notes on Fly-leaves, &c._ + +The Barberini Library at Rome contains a vast number of books covered +with marginal notes by celebrated writers, such as Scaliger, Allatius, +Holstentius, David Haeschel, Barbadori, and above all, Tasso, who has +annotated with his own hand more than fifty volumes. Valery, in his +_Voyages en Italie_, states that a Latin version of Plato is not only +annotated by the hand of Tasso, but also by his father, Bernardo; a fact +which sufficiently proves how deeply the language and philosophy of the +Greek writers were studied in the family. The remarks upon the _Divina +Commedia_, which, despite the opinion of Serassi, appear to be +authentic, attest the profound study which, from his youth, Tasso had +made of the great poets, and the lively admiration he displayed for +their works. There is also in existence a copy of the Venice edition of +the _Divina Commedia_ (1477), with autograph notes by Bembo. + +Christina of Sweden had quite a mania for writing in her books. In the +library of the Roman College (at Rome) there are several books annotated +by her, amongst others a {52} Quintus Curtius, in which, as it would +appear, she criticises very freely the conduct of Alexander. "_He +reasons falsely in this case_," she writes on one page; and elsewhere, +"_I should have acted diametrically opposite; I should have pardoned_;" +and again, further on, "_I should have exercised clemency_;" an +assertion, however, we may be permitted to doubt, when we consider what +sort of clemency was exercised towards Monaldeschi. Upon the fly-leaf of +a Seneca (Elzevir), she has written, "_Adversus virtutem possunt +calamitates damna et injuriae quod adversus solem nebulae possunt_." The +library of the Convent of the Holy Cross of Jerusalem at Rome, possesses +a copy of the _Bibliotheca Hispanu_, in the first volume of which the +same princess has written on the subject of a book relating to her +conversion: [1] "_Chi l'ha scritta, non lo sa; chi lo sa, non l'ha mai +scritta_." + +Lemontey has published some very curious _Memoirs_, which had been +entirely written on the fly-leaves and margins of a missal by J. de +Coligny, who died in 1686. + +Racine, the French tragic poet, was also a great annotator of his books; +the Bibliotheque National at Paris possesses a Euripides and +Aristophanes from his library, the margins of which are covered with +notes in Greek, Latin, and French. + +The books which formerly belonged to La Monnoie are now recognizable by +the anagram of his name. _A Delio nomen_, and also by some very curious +notes on the fly-leaves and margins written in microscopic characters. + +G.J.K. + +[Footnote 1: Conversion de la Reina de Suecia in Roma (1656).] + + * * * * * + +ORIGIN OF WORD "GROG." + +Mr. Vaux writes as follows:--Admiral Vernon was the first to require his +men to drink their spirits mixed with water. In bad weather he was in +the habit of walking the deck in a rough _grogram_ cloak, and thence had +obtained the nickname of _Old Grog_ in the Service. This is, I believe, +the origin of the name _grog_, applied originally to _rum_ and _water_. +I find the same story repeated in a quaint little book, called Pulleyn's +_Etymological Compendium_. + + [A.S. has communicated a similar explanation; and we are obliged + to "An old LADY who reads for Pastime" for kindly furnishing us + with a reference to a newly published American work, _Lifts for + the Lazy_, where the origin of "Grog" is explained in the same + manner. + + The foregoing was already in type when we received the following + agreeable version of the same story.] + + * * * * * + +ORIGIN OF WORD "GROG"--ANCIENT ALMS-BASINS. + +Mr. Editor,--As a sailor's son I beg to answer your correspondent +LEGOUR'S query concerning the origin of the word "grog," so famous in +the lips of our gallant tars. Jack loves to give a pet nickname to his +favourite officers. The gallant Edward Vernon (a Westminster man by +birth) was not exempted from the general rule. His gallantry and ardent +devotion to his profession endeared him to the service, and some merry +wags of the crew, in an idle humour, dubbed him "Old Grogham." Whilst in +command of the West Indian station, and at the height of his popularity +on account of his reduction of Porto Bello with six men-of-war only, he +introduced the use of rum and water by the ship's company. When served +out, the new beverage proved most palatable, and speedily grew into such +favour, that it became as popular as the brave admiral himself, and in +honour of him was surnamed by acclamation "Grog." + +MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + +P.S.--There are two other alms-basins in St. Margaret's worthy of note, +besides those I mentioned in your last number. One has the inscription, +"Live well, die never; die well and live ever. A.D. 1644 W.G." The other +has the appropriate legend, "Hee that gives too the poore lends unto +thee LORD." A third bears the Tudor rose in the centre. In an Inventory +made about the early part of the 17th century, are mentioned "one Bason +given by Mr. Bridges, of brasse." (The donor was a butcher in the +parish.) "Item, one bason, given by Mr. Brugg, of brasse." On the second +basin are the arms and crest of the Brewers' Company. Perhaps Mr. Brugg +was a member of it. One Richard Bridges was a churchwarden, A.D. +1630-32. + +M.W. + +7. College Street. Nov. 17. + + * * * * * {53} + +DYCE VERSUS WARBURTON AND COLLIER--AND SHAKSPEARE'S MSS. + +In Mr. Dyce's _Remarks on Mr. J.P. Collier's and Mr. C. Knight's +Editions of Shakspeare_, pp. 115, 116, the following note occurs:-- + + "_King Henry IV., Part Second_, act iv. sc. iv. + + "As humorous as winter, and as sudden + As _flaws_ congealed in the spring of day." + + "Alluding," says Warburton, "to the opinion of some + philosophers, that the vapours being congealed in air by cold, + (which is most intense towards the morning,) and being + afterwards rarified and let loose by the warmth of the sun, + occasion those sudden and impetuous guests of wind which are + called flaws."--COLLIER. + + "An interpretation altogether wrong, as the epithet here applied + to 'flaws' might alone determine; '_congealed_ gusts of wind' + being nowhere mentioned among the phenomena of nature except in + Baron Munchausen's _Travels_. Edwards rightly explained 'flaws,' + in the present passage, 'small blades of ice.' I have myself + heard the word used to signify both _thin cakes of ice_ and the + _bursting of those cakes_."--DYCE. + +Mr. Dyce may perhaps have heard the world _floe_ (plural _floes_) +applied to _floating sheet-ice_, as it is to be found so applied +extensively in Captain Parry's _Journal of his Second Voyage_; but it +remains to be shown whether such a term existed in Shakspeare's time. I +think it did not, as after diligent search I have not met with it; and, +if it did, and then had the same meaning, _floating sheet-ice_, how +would it apply to the illustration of this passage? + +That the uniform meaning of _flaws_ in the poet's time was _sudden gust +of wind_, and figuratively sudden gusts of passion, or fitful and +impetuous action, is evident from the following passages:-- + + "Like a red morn, that ever yet betoken'd + Wreck to the seamen, tempest to the field, + Sorrow to shepherds, woe unto the birds, + _Gust_ and foul _flaws_ to herdsmen and to herds." + _Venus and Adonis._ + + "Like a great sea-mark standing every _flaw_." + _Coriolanus_, act v. sc. iii. + + "--patch a wall to expel the winter's _flaw_." + _Hamlet_, act v. sc. i. + + "Like to the glorious sun's transparent beams + Do calm the fury of this mad-bred _flaw_." + _3d Pt. Henry VI._, act iii. sc. i. + + "--these _flaws_ and starts (impostors to true + fear)." + _Macbeth_, act iv. sc. iv. + + "Falling in the _flaws_ of her own youth, hath + blistered her report." + _Meas. for Meas._, act ii. sc. iii. + +So far for the poet's acceptation of its meaning. + +Thus also Lord Surrey:-- + + "And toss'd with storms, with _flaws_, with wind, with weather." + +And Beaumont and Fletcher, in _The Pilgrim_:-- + + "What _flaws_, and whirles of weather, + Or rather storms, have been aloft these three days." + +Shakspeare followed the popular meteorology of his time, as will appear +from the following passage from a little ephemeris then very frequently +reprinted:-- + + "_De Repentinis Ventis_. + + "8. Typhon, Plinio, Vortex, aliis Turbo, et vibratus Ecnephias, + de _nube gelida_ (ut dictum est) abruptum aliquid saepe numero + secum voluit, ruinamque suam illo pondere aggravat: quem + _repentinum flatum_ a nube prope terram et mare depulsum, + definuerunt quidam, ubi in gyros rotatur, et proxima (ut + monuimus) verrit, suaque vi sursum raptat."--MIZALDUS, + _Ephemeridis AEris Perpetuus: seu Rustica tempestatum + Astrologia_, 12º Lutet. 1584. + +I have sometimes thought that Shakspeare may have written:-- + + "As flaws cong_est_ed in the spring of day." + +It is an easy thing to have printed cong_eal_ed for that word, and +_congest_ occurs in _A Lover's Complaint_. Still I think change +unnecessary. + +Has the assertion made in _An Answer to Mr. Pope's Preface to +Shakspeare_, by a Strolling Player, 1729, respecting the destruction of +the poet's MSS. papers, been ever verified? If that account is +authentic, it will explain the singular dearth of all autograph remains +of one who must have written so much. As the pamphlet is not common, I +transcribe the essential passage:-- + + "How much it is to be lamented that _Two large Chests_ full of + this GREAT MAN'S _loose papers_ and _Manuscripts_ in the hands + of an ignorant _Baker of_ WARWICK (who married one of the + descendants from Shakspear), were carelessly scattered and + thrown about as Garret Lumber and Litter, to {54} the particular + knowledge of the late _Sir William Bishop_; till they were all + consum'd in the general Fire and Destruction of that Town." + +S.W.S. + +Mickleham, Nov. 14. 1849. + + [We cannot insert the interesting Query which our correspondent + has forwarded on the subject of the disappearance of + Shakespeare's MSS. without referring to the ingenious suggestion + upon that subject so skilfully brought forward by the Rev. + Joseph Hunter in his _New Illustrations of the Life, Studies, + and Writings of Shakspeare_, vol. i. p. 105.:--"That the entire + disappearance of all manuscripts of Shakspeare, so entire that + no writing of his remains except his name, and only one letter + ever addressed to him, is in some way connected with the + religious turn which his posterity took, in whose eyes there + would be much to be lamented in what they must, I fear, have + considered a prostitution of the noble talents which had been + given him."] + + * * * * * + +FOOD OF THE PEOPLE.--BILLS OF FARE IN 1683--HUMBLE PIE. + +The food of the people must always be regarded as an important element +in estimating the degree of civilization of a nation, and its position +in the social scale. Mr. Macaulay, in his masterly picture of the state +of England at the period of the accession of James II., has not failed +to notice this subject as illustrative of the condition of the working +classes of that day. He tells us that meat, viewed relatively with +wages, was "so dear that hundreds of thousands of families scarcely knew +the taste of it.... The great majority of the nation lived almost +entirely on rye, barley, and oats." (_Hist. Eng._ vol. i. p. 418., 4th +ed.) + +It is not uninteresting to inquire (and having found, it is worth making +a note of) what sort of fare appeared on the tables of the upper and +middle classes,--who, unlike their poorer neighbours, were in a +condition to gratify their gastronomic preferences in the choice and +variety of their viands,--with the view of determining whether the +extraordinary improvement which has taken place in the food of the +labouring population has been equally marked in that of the wealthier +orders. + +Pepys, who was unquestionably a lover of good living, and never tired of +recording his feastings off "brave venison pasty," or "turkey pye," has +given in his _Diary_ many curious notices of the most approved dishes of +his day. The following "Bills of fare" of the period referred to speak, +however, directly to the point; they are taken from a work entitled, +_The accomplisht Lady's Delight, in Preserving, Physick, Beautifying, +and Cookery_. London, printed for B. Harris, 1683. + + "_A Bill of fare for a Gentleman's House about Candlemas._ + + "1. A Pottage with a Hen. 2. A _Chatham_-pudding. 3. A Fricacie + of Chickens. 4. A leg of mutton with a Sallet. Garnish your + dishes with Barberries. + + "_Second Course._ 1. A chine of Muton. 2. A chine of Veal. 3. + Lark-pye. 4. A couple of Pullets, one larded. Garnished with + orange slices. + + "_Third Course._ 1. A dish of Woodcocks. 2. A couple of Rabbits. + 3. A dish of Asparagus. 4. A Westphalia Gammon. + + "_Last Course._ 1. Two orange tarts, one with herbs. 2. A Bacon + Tart. 3. An apple Tart. 4. A dish of Bon-chriteen pears. 5. A + dish of Pippins. 6. A dish of Pearmains. + + "_A Banquet for the same Season._ + + "1. A dish of Apricots. 2. A dish of marmalade of Pippins. 3. A + dish of preserved Cherries. 4. A whole red Quince. 5. A dish of + dryed sweet-meats. + + "_A Bill of Fare upon an extraordinary Occasion._ + + "1. A collar of brawn. 2. A couple of Pullets boyled. 3. A bisk + of Fish. 4. A dish of Carps. 5. A grand boyled Meat. 6. A grand + Sallet. 7. A venison pasty. 8. A roasted Turkey. 9. A fat pig. + 10. A powdered Goose. 11. A haunch of Venison roasted. 12. A + Neats-tongue and Udder roasted. 13. A Westphalia Ham boyled. 14. + A Joll of Salmon. 15. Mince pyes. 16. A Surloyn of roast beef. + 17. Cold baked Meats. 18. A dish of Custards. + + "_Second Course._ 1. Jellies of all sorts. 2. A dish of + Pheasants. 3. A Pike boyled. 4. An oyster pye. 5. A dish of + Plovers. 6. A dish of larks. 7. A Joll of Sturgeon. 8. A couple + of Lobsters. 9. A lamber pye. 10. A couple of Capons. 11. A dish + of Partridges. 12. A fricacy of Fowls. 13. A dish of Wild Ducks. + 14. A dish of cram'd chickens. 15. A dish of stewed oysters. 16. + A Marchpane. 17. A dish of Fruits. 18. An umble pye." + +The fare suggested for "Fish days" is no less various and abundant; +twelve dishes are enumerated for the first course, and sixteen for the +second. Looking at the character of these viands, some of which would +not discredit the genius of a Soyer or a Mrs. Glasse, {55} it seems +pretty evident that in the article of food the labouring classes have +been the greatest gainers since 1687. + +Few things are more suggestive of queries--as everybody knows from +experience--than the products of culinary art. I will not, however, +further trespass on space which may be devoted to a more dignified +topic, than by submitting the following. + +_Query._--Does the phrase "to eat humble pie," used to signify a forced +humiliation, owe its origin to the "umble pye" specified above? + +J.T. HAMMACK + + * * * * * + +BISHOP BARNABY. + +Mr. Editor,--Legour asks, why the people in Suffolk call a lady-bird +"Bishop Barnaby?" + +I give the following from the late Major Moor's _Suffolk Words_. + + "Bishop-Barney. The golden bug. See Barnabee. In Tasser's _Ten + Unwelcome Guests in the Dairy_, he enumerates 'the Bishop that + burneth' (pp. 142. 144.), in an ambiguous way, which his + commentator does not render at all clear. I never heard of this + calumniated insect being an unwelcome guest in the dairy; but + Bishop-Barney, or Burney, and Barnabee, or Burnabee, and + Bishop-that-burneth, seem, in the absence of explanation to be + nearly related--in sound at any rate. Under _Barnabee_ it will + be seen that _burning_ has some connection with the history of + this pretty insect." + + "Barnabee," writes the Major, "the golden-bug, or lady-bird; + also Bishop-Barney: which see. This pretty little, and very + useful insect, is tenderly regarded by our children. One + settling on a child is always sent away with this sad + valediction:-- + + "Gowden-bug, gowden-bug, fly away home, + Yar house is bahnt deown and yar children all gone." + +To which I add another nursery doggerel less sad:-- + + "Bishop, Bishop-Barnabee, + Tell me when your wedding be, + If it be to-morrow day + Take your wings and fly away." + +The Major adds, "It is sure to fly off on the third repetition." + +"Burnt down," continues the Major, "gives great scope to our country +euphonic twang, altogether inexpressible in type; _bahnt deeyown_ comes +as near to it as my skill in orthography will allow." + +Ray, in his _South and East Country Words_, has this:-- + + "Bishop, the little spotted beetle, commonly called the lady-cow + or lady-bird. I have heard this insect in other places called + golden-knop, and doubtless in other countries it hath other + names. (_E. W._ p. 70) Golden-bugs the common Suffolk name." + +J.G. +Southwold, Nov. 16. 1849. + + * * * * * + +TRADE EDITIONS--COTTLE'S LIFE OF COLERIDGE. + +Sir,--In the 2nd vol. of Mr. Collier's valuable and interesting +_Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers' Company_, p. 28, is the +following entry:-- + + "Thos. Dason. Licensed unto him the praise of follie; to print + not above xv deg. of any impression, with this condition, that any + of the Company may laie on with him, reasonablie at every + impression, as they think good, and that he shall gyve + reasonable knowledge before to them as often as he shall print + it." + +This is both curious and important information as being, in all +probability, the earliest recorded instance of a custom still kept up +amongst booksellers, and which now passes under the designation of a +"Trade edition;" the meaning of which being, that the copyright, instead +of being the exclusive property of one person, is divided into shares +and held by several. There are Trade editions of such voluminous authors +as Shakspeare, Gibbon, Hume, and Robertson, for instance; and Alison's +_Europe_, if published half a century back, might in all probability +have been added to the list. The difference between the ancient and the +modern usage appears to be this, that formerly when the type was set up +for an edition "any of the company may laie on, (these two last words +are still technically used by printers for supplying type with paper,) +reasonablie at every impression," &c.; in other words, may print as many +copies from the type "as they think good;" whereas now, the edition is +first printed, and then the allotment of the copies, and the actual cost +of them is made, according to the number of shares. + +If this is a "Note" worth registering, it is much at your service, +whilst for a "Query," I should be very glad to be informed, when a very +able review, the date of which I neglected {56} to make at the time, +appeared in the _Times_ newspaper, of the 2nd edition of Cottle's _Life +of Coleridge_. + +With many good wishes for the success of your register, + +I remain, &c. + +JOHN MILAND. + + * * * * * + +DIBDIN'S TYPOGRAPHICAL ANTIQUITIES. + +Sir,--I am very glad to have elicited the information contained in your +number just published respecting the copy of Borde's work in the Chetham +Library. As I have a great respect for Mr. Ames, I must remark that he +had no share in the blunder, and whenever a new edition of his work is +undertaken, it will be well to look rather curiously into the +enlargements of Dibdin. In the mean time this information naturally +leads to another Query--or rather, to more than one--namely, "_Had_ Mr. +Bindley's copy this unique imprint? and what became of it at the sale +of his books? or is it only one of the imaginary editions which give +bibliographers so much trouble?" Perhaps some one of your correspondents +may be able to give information. + +Yours, &c. + +S.R. MAITLAND. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES ANSWERED, NO. 2 + +MADOC THE SON OF OWEN GWYNED. + +The student who confines himself to a single question, may fairly expect +a prompt and precise answer. To ask for general information on a +particular subject, may be a less successful experiment. Who undertakes +extensive research except for an especial purpose? Who can so far +confide in his memory as to append his name to a list of authorities +without seeming to prove his own superficiality? I throw out these ideas +for consideration, just as they arise; but neither wish to repress the +curiosity of _querists_, nor to prescribe bounds to the communicative +disposition of _respondents_. + +Did Madoc, son of Owen Gwynedd, prince of Wales, discover America? +Stimulated by the importance of the question, and accustomed to admire +the spirit of maritime enterprise, at whatever period it may have been +called into action, I have sometimes reflected on this debatable +point--but can neither affirm nor deny it. + +I advise the _student_, as a preliminary step to the inquiry, to attempt +a collection of all the accessible evidence, historical and +ethnographic, and to place the materials which pertain to each class in +the order of time. The historical evidence exists, I believe +exclusively, in the works of the chroniclers and bards of Wales; and the +ethnographic evidence in the narratives of travellers in America. The +opinions of modern writers, the gifted author of _Madoc_ not excepted, +he is at liberty to consider as _hors-d'oeuere_--to be passed on, or +tasted, _a plaisir_. As an exemplification of this plan, I submit some +short extracts, with critical remarks:-- + + "Madoc another of Owen Gwyneth his sonnes left the land + [North-Wales] in contention betwixt his brethren, and prepared + certaine ships with men and munition, and sought adventures by + seas, sailing west, and leaving the coast of Ireland so far + north, that he came to a land unknowen, where he saw manie + strange things."--CARADOC OF LLANCARVAN, _continued--The + historie of Cambria_, 1584. 4º. p. 227. + + [The history of Caradoc ends with A.D. 1156. The continuation, + to the year 1270, is ascribed by Powel, the editor of the + volume, to the monks of Conway and Stratflur.] + + Carmina Meredith filii Rhesi [Meredydd ab Rhys] mentionem + facientia de Madoco filio Oweni Gwynedd, et de sua navigatione + in terras incognitas. Vixit hic Meredith circiter annum Domini + 1477. + + Madoc wyf, mwyedic wedd, + Iawn genau, Owen Gwynedd; + Ni fynnum dir, fy enaid oedd, + Na da mawr, ond y moroedd. + + _The same in English._ + + Madoc I am the sonne of Owen Gwynedd + With stature large, and comely grace adorned; + No lands at home nor store of wealth me please, + My minde was whole to searche the ocean seas. + + "These verses I received of my learned friend M. William + Camden." _Richard Hakluyt_, 1589. + + [The eulogy of Meredydd ab Rhys is very indefinite, but deserves + notice on account of its early date. He "flourished," says W. + Owen, "between A.D. 1430 and 1460."] + + "This land must needs be some part of that countrie of which the + Spaniardes affirme themselves to be the first finders sith + Hannos time; ... Whereupon it is manifest, that that countrie + was long before by Brytaines discouered, afore either Columbus + or Americus Vespatius lead anie Spaniardes thither. Of the viage + and returne of this Madoc there be _manie fables fained_, as the + common people doo use in distance of place {57} and length of + time rather to augment than to diminish: but sure it is, that + there he was."--HUMFREY LHOYD, _Additions to the Historie of + Cambria_, p. 228. + + [Lhoyd, who translated the history of Caradoc, and made + considerable additions to it, died in 1568. He mentions the + second voyage of Madoc, but cites no authority.] + + "This Madoc arriving in that westerne countrie, unto the which + he came, in the year 1170, left most of his people there: and + returning backe for more of his owne nation, acquaintance and + freends, to inhabite that faire and large countrie: went thither + againe with ten sailes, as I find noted by Gutyn Owen. I am of + opinion that the land, wherevnto he came, was some part of + Mexico:" etc.--David Powel, S.T.P., note in _The historie of + Cambria_, 1584. 4 deg.. p. 229. + + [The learned Powel relies on the authority of the poet Gutyn + Owen. "He wrote," says W. Owen, "between A.D. 1460 and + 1490"--three centuries after the event in question!] + + _Ethnographic evidence._ + + "They came [anno 1536] to part of the West Indies about Cape + Breton, shaping their course thence north-eastwards, vntill they + camme to the Island of Penguin," etc.--The voyage of master + Hore, in _The principall navigations_, etc. 1589. Fol. + + [Antiquaries consider the mention of _Cape Breton_ and _Penguin + Island_ as evidence. It cannot prove much, as the particulars + were not committed to writing till about half-a-century after + the voyage.] + + "There is also another kinde of foule in that countrey [between + the Gulf of Mexico and Cape Breton] ... they have white heads, + and therefore the country men call them _penguins_ (which + seemeth to be a Welsh nanme). And _they have also in use divers + other Welsh words, a matter worthy the noting_."--The relation + of David Ingram, 1568. in _The principall navigations_, etc. + 1589. Fol. + + [This narrative was compiled from answers to certain + _queries_--perhaps twenty years after the events related.] + + "Afterwards [anno 1669] they [The Doeg Indians] carried us to + their town, and entertained us civilly for four months; and I + did converse with them of many things in the British tongue, and + _did preach to them three times a week in the British tongue_," + etc. Rev. Morgan Jones, 1686.--_British Remains_, 1777. 8 deg.. + + [The editor omits to state how he procured the manuscript. The + paper whence the above is extracted is either decisive of the + question at issue, or a forgery.] + +The _student_ may infer, even from these imperfect hints, that I +consider the subject which he proposes to himself as one which deserves +a strict investigation--provided the collections hereafter described +have ceased to be in existence. + + "With respect to this extraordinary occurence in the history of + Wales, I have collected a multitude of evidences, in conjunction + with Edward Williams, the bard, to prove that Madog must have + reached the American continent; for the descendants of him and + his followers exist there as a nation to this day; and the + present position of which is on the southern branches of the + Missouri river, under the appellations of Padoucas, White + Indians, Civilized Indians, and Welsh Indians."--_William Owen_, + F.A.S. 1803. + +The title prefixed to this paper would be a misnomer, if I did not add a +list of books which it may be desirable to consult:-- + + _On the Scandinavian discoveries._--Memoires de la societe + royale des antiquaires du Nord. 1836-1839. _Copenhague._ 8 deg.. p. + 27.--Historia Vinlandiae Antiquae, seu partis Americae + septentrionalis--per Thormodum Terfaeum. _Haviniae_, 1705. 8 deg.. + 1715. 8 deg.--Antiquitates Americanae, sive scriptores + septentrionales rerum Ante-Columbianarum in America. _Hafniae_, + 1837. 4 deg.. + + _On the Welsh discoveries._--The historie of Cambria, now called + Wales--continued by David Powel. _London_, 1584. 4 deg.. The + Myvyrian archaiology of Wales, _London_, 1801-7. 8 deg.. 3 vol. + British remains, by the Rev. N. Owen, A.M. _London_, 1777. 8 deg.. + The Cambrian biography, by William Owen, F.A.S. _London_, 1803. + 8 deg.. Biblitheque Americaine, par H. Ternaux. _Paris_, 1837. 8 deg.. + The principall navigations, voiages and discoveries of the + English nation--by Richard Hakluyt, M.A. _London_, 1589. fol. + +BOLTON CORNEY. + + * * * * * + +MADOC--HIS EXPEDITION TO AMERICA. + +Dr. Plott, in his account, and Lord Monboddo, _Origin and Progress of +Language_, refer to the _Travels of Herbert_ (17th century), lib. iii. +cap. ult., for a full history of this supposed discovery. They derived +it from Meredyth ap Rhys, Gatty Owen, and Cynfyn ap Gronow, A.D. +1478-80. See also _Atheneaum_, Aug. 19. 1848.--Professor Elton's address +at the meeting of the British Association, on this and the earlier +Icelandic discovery. + +The belief in the story has been lately renewed. See _Archaeologia +Cambrens_, 4. 65., and _L'Acadie_, by Sir J.E. Alexander, 1849. I will +only observe that in Dr. Plott's account, Madoc was directed by the +_best compass_, and this in 1170! See M'Culloch's _Dictionary of +Commerce_. + +ANGLO-CAMBRIAN. + + * * * * * {58} + +MADOC'S EXPEDITION. + +A traveller informs us that Baron A. von Humboldt urges further search +after this expedition in the Welsh records. He thinks the passage is in +the _Examin Critique_. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES + +"CLOUDS" OR SHROUDS, IN SHAKESPEARE. + +I quite agree with your correspondent D.N.R., that there never has been +an editor of Shakespeare capable of doing him full justice. I will go +farther and say, that there never will be an editor capable of doing him +any thing like justice. I am the most "modern editor" of Shakespeare, +and I am the last to pretend that I am at all capable of doing him +justice: I should be ashamed of myself if I entertained a notion so +ridiculously presumptuous. What I intended was to do him all the justice +in my power, and that I accomplished, however imperfectly. It struck me +that the best mode of attempting to do him any justice was to take the +utmost pains to restore his text to the state in which he left it; and +give me leave, very humbly, to say that this is the chief recommendation +of the edition I superintended through the press, having collated every +line, syllable, and letter, with every known old copy. For this purpose +I saw, consulted and compared every quarto and every folio impression in +the British Museum, at Oxford, at Cambridge, in the libraries of the +Duke of Devonshire and Lord Ellesmere, and in several private +collections. If my edition have no other merit, I venture to assert that +it has this. It was a work of great labour, but it was a work also of +sincere love. It is my boast, and my only boast, that I have restored +the text of Shakespeare, as nearly as possible, to the integrity of the +old copies. + +When your correspondent complains, therefore, that in "Hen. IV. Part 2," +Act III. sc. 1., in the line, + + "With deafening clamours in the slippery clouds," + +the word _shrouds_ is not substituted by editors of Shakespeare for +"clouds," the answer is, that not a single old copy warrants the merely +fanciful emendation, and that it is not at all required by the sense of +the passage. In the 4to of 1600, and in the folio of 1623, the word is +"clouds;" and he must be a very bold editor (in my opinion little +capable of doing justice to any author), who would substitute his own +imaginary improvement, for what we have every reason to believe is the +genuine text. _Shrouds_ instead of "clouds" is a merely imaginary +improvement, supported by no authority, and (as, indeed, your +correspondent shows) without the merit of originality. I am for the text +of Shakespeare as he left it, and as we find it in the most authentic +representations of his mind and meaning. + +J. PAYNE COLLIER. + + * * * * * + +MEDAL OF THE PRETENDER. + +Sir,--Possibly some one of your literary correspondents, who may be +versed in the, what D'Israeli would call _Secret_ History of the +Jacobite Court, will endeavour to answer a "Query" relative to the +following rare medal:-- + + _Obv._ A ship of war bearing the French flag; on the shore a + figure in the dress of a Jesuit (supposed to represent Father + Petre) seated astride of a _Lobster_, holding in his arms the + young Prince of Wales, who has a little windmill on his head. + Legend: "Allons mon Prince, nous sommes en bon chemin." In the + exergue, "Jacc: Franc: Eduard, suppose. 20 Juin, 1688." + + _Rev._ A shield charged with a windmill, and surmounted by a + Jesuit's bonnet; two rows of Beads or Rosaries, for an order or + collar, within which we read "Honny soit qui _non_ y pense;" a + _Lobster_ is suspended from the collar as a badge. Legend: "Les + Armes et l'Ordre du pretendu Prince de Galles." + +The difficulty in the above medal is _the Lobster_, though doubtless it +had an allusion to some topic or scandal of the day; whoever can +elucidate it will render good service to Medallic History, for hitherto +it has baffled all commentators and collectors of medals. The windmill +(indicative of the poplar fable that the Prince was the son of a +miller), and the Roman Catholic symbols, are well understood. + +There is an engraving of this medal in Van Loon's _Histoire Metallique +des Pays Bas_. It is also imperfectly engraved in Edwards' _Medallic +History of England_, for the Jesuit is represented kneeling on the +shore, and Pinkerton, who furnished the text, calls it "a boy kneeling +on the shore." The medal is so rare that probably the artist could +obtain only a rubbed or mutilated impression to engrave from. My +description is from a {59} specimen, in my own collection, as fine as +the day it was minted. + +I may add that both Van Loon and Pinkerton have engraved the legend in +the collar erroneously, "honi soit qui _bon_ y pense;" it should be +"_non_." + +B. NIGHTINGALE. + + * * * * * + +ROGER DE COVERLEY. + +In the _Spectator's_ description of Sir Roger de Coverley it is said, +"that his great-grandfather was the inventor of that famous country +dance which is called after him." To the tune, as printed in Chappell's +_English Melodies_, is appended a note to the effect that it was called +after "Roger of Coverley" (Cowley, near Oxford). + +Can any one inform me-- + +I. Where any notice of that Roger is to be found? + +II. What is the etymon of "Cowley" (Temple Cowley and Church Cowley)? + +III. If any notice of the tune is to be met with earlier than 1695, when +it was printed by H. Playford in his _Dancing Master_? + +W. + + * * * * * + +HISTORY OF LANDED AND COMMERCIAL POLICY OF ENGLAND--HISTORY OF EDWARD +II. + +Who was the author of the two following works?--"Remarks upon the +History of the Landed and Commercial Policy of England, from the +Invasion of the Romans to the Accession of James I. 2 vols. London: +printed for E. Brooke, in Bell Yard, Temple Bar, MDCCLXXXV." + +"The History of the Life, Reign, and Death of Edward II, King of England +and Lord of Ireland, with the Rise and Fall of his great Favourites, +Gaveston and the Spencers. Written by E.F. in the year 1627, and printed +verbatim from the original. London: Printed by J.C. for Charles Harper, +at the Flower-de-Luce in Fleet St.; Samuel Crouch, at the Princes' Arms, +in Pope's head Alley in Cornhill; and Thomas Fox, at the Angel in +Westminster Hall, 1680. (a portrait of Ed. II.)" In the 1st vol. Harl. +Miscell. it is said that the above was found with the papers of the +first Lord Falkland, and is attributed to him. My copy has Faulconbridge +inserted in MS. over the F., and a book plate of Earl Verney, motto +"_Prodesse quam conspici_," with an escutcheon of pretence. + +ANGLO-CAMBRIAN + + * * * * * + +THE REVEREND THOMAS LEMAN. + +Mr. Editor,--Amongst the later authorities on subjects of British-Roman +antiquity, the Rev. Thomas Leman is constantly referred to, and in terms +of great commendation. + +Can you inform me whether that gentleman published any work or made an +avowed communication of any of his researches? His name is not found in +the Index to the _Archaeologia_. + +Mr. Leman contributed largely to Mr. Hatcher's edition of _Richard of +Cirencester_; but it is one of the unsatisfactory circumstances of this +work that these contributions, and whatever may have been derived from +the late Bishop of Cloyne, are merely acknowledged in general terms, and +are not distinguished as they occur. + +I believe the MS. of the work was all in Mr. Hatcher's handwriting; some +of your readers may possibly have the means of knowing in what way he +used the materials thus given, or to what extent they were adapted or +annotated by himself. + +A.T. +Coleman Street, Nov. 13. + + * * * * * + +GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. + +Sir,--Will any of your readers favour me with an account of the origin, +as well as the date of introduction, of the term "_Gothic_," as applied +to the Pointed Styles of Ecclesiastical Architecture? + +This Query is, of course, intimately connected with the much-disputed +question of the origin of the Pointed Style itself. But yet I imagine +that the _application_ of the term "_Gothic_" may be found to be quite +distinct, in its origin, from the first rise of the Pointed Arch. The +invention of the Pointed Arch cannot, surely, be attributed to the +_Goths_; whence then the origin and the _meaning_ of the term _Gothic_? + +R. VINCENT. +Winchester, Nov. 12. + + * * * * * + +KATHERINE PEGG. + +Sir,--I think you may safely add Pepys's _Diary_ to the list of books in +illustration of which you are willing to receive both Queries and +Answers. There is not a passage in the _Diary_ that does not deserve to +be understood. {60} + +At vol. iv. p. 435. of the new edition is the following entry:-- + + "7 May, 1668. Here [at the King's Theatre] I did kiss the pretty + woman newly come, called Pegg, that was Sir Charles Sedley's + mistress, a mighty pretty woman, and seems (but is not) modest." + +On this Lord Braybrooke has the following note:-- + + "Pegg must have been Margaret Hughes, Prince Rupert's mistress, + who had probably before that time lived with Sir Charles + Sedley." + +And then follows some account of Mrs. Hughes. But, _query_, was the +"Pegg" of the _Diary_, Peg Hughes? was she not rather as I belived her +to have been, Katherine Pegg, by whom king Charles II. had a son, +Charles Fitz-Charles, created Earl of Plymouth, 29th July, 1675, died +1680? + +Katherine Pegg has escaped Lord Braybrooke. Can any of your +correspondents tell me who she was? + +PETER CUNNINGHAM + + * * * * * + +QUERIES IN MEDIAEVAL GEOGRAPHY. + +What are the modern names of "Watewich," "Portum Pusillum," "Mare de +Saham," "Perpessa," and "Northmuth?" They are not to be found in +Ferrario's _Lexicon_ (a geographical dictionary so defective that it has +not even the Latin name for Aix-la-Chapelle), nor in Baudrand's _Lexicon +Geographicum_ (a good dictionary for the mediaeval Latin names in France, +but not so perfect as the _Index Geographicum_ attached to the volumes +of Bouquet), nor in Martiniere's _Grande Dictionnarie Geographique_, nor +in the Index to Wright's _Courthand_, a miserable and imperfect +compilation. + + [These Queries are addressed to our correspondents in a very + flattering review of "NOTES AND QUERIES" which appeared in the + _Morning Herald_ of the 16th of November, and we shall be very + glad to receive such answers to all or any of them as it may be + in the power of any of our friends to supply.] + + * * * * * + +MYLES BLOOMFYLDE AND WILLIAM BLOMEFIELD'S METRICAL WRITINGS ON ALCHYMY. + +Sir,--I have had intrusted to me a MS. metrical book on Alchymy, +"written by me Myles Bloomefylde, late of Bury Saynes Edmunde in ye +Countye of Suffolke, Physytione;" but I can find no account of the +author. Worton, Ritson, and Tanner, mention a "William Blomefield, born +at Bury. Bachelor in Physic and a Monk of Bury," who wrote _inter alia_ +a metrical work called _Bloomefield's Blossoms, or the Camp of +Philosophy_. + +Were there two metrical writers on alchymy of the name Bloomfield, temp. +Eliz. and connected with Bury? + +BURIENSIS. + + [The following Note by Park, which first appeared in the Edition + of Wharton published in 1840, iii., p. 83., coupled with the + fact that William Blomefield is described as a Bachelor of + Physic, would seem to show that there is but one writer, whose + proper name is not William, but Myles: "From Ashmole's _Notes on + Theatrum Chemicum_, 1652. p. 478., it seems doubtful whether his + name was not Myles."] + + * * * * * + +THYNNE'S COLLECTION OF CHANCELLORS. + +Mr. Editor,--Can any of your correspondents inform me who was the +"streict laced" gaoler of the records, alluded to in the following +passage in the _Collection of Chancellors of England_, by Francis +Thynne, inserted in Holinshed (ed. 1808) iv. 351. + + "John, Chancellor of England in the time of king Henrie the + second, but what he was or in what yeare of king Henrie he lived + I doo not know, and therefore leave it to _him that both can and + ought to give life_ to these persons whom he imprisoneth in the + east castell of London; not doubting but in time he will doo his + countrie good, and correct other men; though _now he be so + streict laced_, as that he will not procure anie furtherance of + other men's trauels." + +[Greek: S.] + + * * * * * + +COLD HARBOUR + +Mr. Editor,--In examining the Ordnance Survey of Kent, I was quite +surprised at the recurrence of the name "Cold Harbour;" and again, in +Wyld's Map of London in 1550. + +I believe the point has been explained before, but perhaps some of your +readers could give some information as to its origin. + +G.H.B. + +Nov. 8. 1849. + + [The Society of Antiquaries was a good deal occupied, we + scarcely know whether we may say interested, in the question + raised by our correspondent, during the last session: and + considerable {61} information upon the subject will be found in + the published _Proceedings_ of the Society, and in the last part + of the _Archaeologia_. We should like to know whether there are + _Cold Harbours_ in _every_ county in England. Mr. Hartshorne + published a long list in his _Salopia Antiqua_. If our + correspondents can give us any addition to that list, they will + be acceptable. We are aware that there are several in Kent.] + + * * * * * + +STATISTICS OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. + +Mr. Editor,--If any reader of your valuable and much-needed periodical +can, through its medium, supply me with the title of some recent and +authentic work containing _Statistics_ of the Roman Catholic +Church--e.g. the number of its members, or reputed members, in the +different European States; the number and temporalities of its sees, +clergy, &c.--he will confer on me a great obligation; one which it will +be a pleasure to me to repay to some other "Querist," should it lie +within my power to supply any desired information, in my turn. Your +faithful servant, + +E.E. + + * * * * * + +INCUMBENTS OF CHURCH LIVINGS. + +Sir,--perhaps some of the readers of your useful publication could +inform me where I can find the _name_ and _birth-place_ of incumbents of +church livings prior to 1680, and the patrons of them. Your well-wisher, + +L. + + * * * * * + +THE CURSE OF SCOTLAND--WHY IS THE NINE OF DIAMONDS SO CALLED? + +I shall be obliged to any of your correspondents who will inform me why +the Nine of Diamonds is called the curse of Scotland. I have heard two +causes assigned. One, that the Duke of Cumberland, on the field after +the battle of Culloden, wrote upon the back of this card a very cruel +and inhuman order for the destruction of the persons and property of the +rebels. This cannot be true, for I have in my possession a print +entitled "Britons Association against the Pope's Bulls." In it the young +Pretender or prince is represented attempting to lead across the Tweed a +herd of bulls laden with curses, excommunications, indulgences, &c. &c. +&c. On the ground before them lies the Nine of Diamonds. This print is +dated Oct. 21. 1745, some months previous to the battle of Culloden. + +The other cause assigned is, that the nine lozenges with which the +saltire is charged in the armorial bearings of the Earl of Stair, are so +arranged as to resemble the nine of diamonds, which was called the curse +of Scotland, from the active part taken by that Earl in promoting the +Union, which was most unpopular in Scotland. I cannot positively deny +that the card in question owes its evil name to this cause, but I am not +aware that the Earl of Stair was so conspicuously active as to occasion +his being peculiarly selected as an object of popular aversion on that +account. He was indeed a commissioner for drawing up the articles of the +union, and he was sent ambassador to the court of Louis XIV. chiefly for +the purpose of watching the proceedings of the Jacobites; these +circumstances may have added to the odium which attached to his name +from the part which was taken by his predecessor, who was Secretary for +Scotland, and was charged with having exceeded his authority in ordering +the massacre of Glencoe. + +EDW. HAWKINS. + +Nov. 12. 1849 + + [We would add to Mr. Hawkins's Query, another, viz.: What is the + earliest known instance of the card in question being so + designated? For it is clear, if such was the case before the + Union, the second explanation is as little satisfactory as the + first.] + + * * * * * + +NOTES OF BOOK SALES--CATALOGUES, ETC. + +The collectors of British portraits--and there are doubtless many such +among our readers--will shortly have such an opportunity of enriching +their portfolios as rarely presents itself. Messrs. Sotheby and Co. +commence, on the 3rd of December, the sale of the second portion of the +important and valuable stock of prints belonging to the well-known and +eminent printsellers, Messrs. W. and G. Smith, whose shop in Lisle +Street, Leicester Square, has been for so many years the favourite +resort of all who were in search of the rare and curious in calcographic +art. Messrs. Sotheby describe the present Sale as "comprising one of the +most numerous and interesting collections of British Historical +Portraits ever offered for sale;" and the following Lots, which exhibit +specimens of the rarities it contains, justify their statement. + +33 ARCHIBALD EARL OF ARGYLL, by _Loggan, first state, before the +inscription round the oval_, VERY FINE AND RARE. + +56 SIR WM. ASHURST, _Lord Mayor of London, 1694, after Linton, by R. +White_, VERY FINE AND RARE. {62} + +59 SLINGSBY BETHELL, ONE OF THE SHERIFFS OF LONDON, &c. 1680, _whole +length, W. Sherwin sculpt., sold by S. Lee, at the Feathers in Lumbert +Street_, VERY FINE AND EXTREMELY RARE. + +130 SIR RICHARD RAINSFORD, _Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, +mezzotint after Claret, R. Tompson excudit_, MOST BRILLIANT AND VERY +RARE. + +160 JAMES THE FORTH, KING OF SCOTLAND, _holding a flower in his hand, +sold by Compton Holland_, EXTREMELY FINE AND VERY RARE. + +176 FREDERICK KING OF BOHEMIA, _half length, standing under an arch, +four Latin lines beneath, no engraver's name_, VERY FINE AND EXTREMELY +RARE. + +184 CHARLES LEWIS, COUNT PALATINE OF THE RHINE, son of the King of +Bohemia, on horseback, with a view of London beyond him; circles +containing the dates of the births of his brothers and sisters at the +top on the left, eight English lines beneath: _a most interesting and +rare print_, BRILLIANT IMPRESSION, AND IN THE MOST PERFECT CONDITION. + +328 SIR JOHN FENWICK, _of Fenwick Castle, in the Country of +Northumberland, executed in 1696, on suspicion of being engaged in a +plot to assassinate William III., after Wissing, by White_, VERY FINE +AND EXTREMELY RARE. + +244 THOMAS CARTWRIGHT, _Bishop of Chester, after Soust, by Becket_, VERY +FINE AND RARE. + +262 JOHN DOLBEN, BISHOP OF ROCHESTER, JOHN FELL, BISHOP OF OXFORD, AND +DR. RICHARD ALLESTRY, _called by Charles II_. CHIPLEY, CHOPLEY, CHEPLEY, +_from the picture in Christchurch Hall, by Sir P. Lely, D. Loggan +excudit_, BRILLIANT PROOF, AND EXTREMELY RARE. + +304 SIR HENRY CHAUNCEY, _the historian of Hertfordshire, by J. Suvage, +fine and rare_. + +365 GEORGE GORDAN, MARQUIS OF HUSTLEY, by _Sauve_, FINE AND EXTREMELY +RARE. + +374 ROBERT SIDNEY, EARL OF LEICESTER, by _Simon Passe, sold by Sudbury +and Humble_, VERY FINE AND RARE. + +375 ROBERT BERTIE, EARL OF LINDSEY, after _Geldorp_, by _Voerst_, +BRILLIANT AND VERY RARE. + +558 ISAAC MILERS, by _Vertue, first state, before the alterations of the +arms and inscription, very fine and rare; and the same, in the ordinary +state_. + +661 THOMAS THYNN OF LONG LEATE, _murdered in Pall Mall 1682, after +Kneller, by White_, VERY FINE AND RARE. + +662 THOMAS THYNN, _mezzotint after Lely, sold by A. Browne_, VERY FINE +AND RARE. + +997 LOUISE DUCHESS OF PORTSMOUTH, _with her son as Cupid, after Gascar, +by Baudet_, VERY FINE AND EXTREMELY RARE, _from Mr. Ord's collection, at +the sale of which it produced 8L. 12s. 6d._ + +1000 LOUISE DUCHESS OF PORTSMOUTH, _reclining on a couch, oblong +mezzotint_, FINE PROOF BEFORE AND LETTERS, AND EXTREMELY RARE. + +1048 _Hobson and the Cambridge Carrier, Author of "Hobson's Choice," by +J. Payne, two states, very fine and rare_. + +1201 JOHN FREDERICK, Elector of Saxony, playing at chess with Ernest +Duke of Brunswick, at the moment when Charles V. sent the warrant for +his execution, A MOST CURIOUS AND INTERESTING HISTORICAL PRINT, AND +EXTREMELY RARE. + +1209 ERASMUS, _sitting with a book before him_, by F. HOGENBERG, _H. +COCK excudebat_, 1555, VERY FINE AND RARE, &C. + +We have also received:-- + + "A Catalogue of English and Foreign Theology, including some of + the rarest works of our early English Divines; nearly a complete + series of the Fathers of the Church; the various Councils and + most important Ecclesiastical Historians, Liturgical writers, + &c." issued by Leslie, of 58. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn, + which is one which will greatly interest all readers of the + peculiar class to whom it is more particularly addressed. + +The same may be said of the excellent "Catalogue of Old and New Books +(Part CIV)," just delivered by Petheramm of 94. High Holborn: which, in +addition to theological works, exhibits many valuable productions in +historical and general literature. + +Bernard Quarritch's "Catalogue of Foreign Books and Classics, selling at +16. Castle Street, Leicester Square," well deserves the attention of +philologists. It is rich, not only in works illustrative of the Oriental +languages and literature, but also in those of Germany and Scandinavia. +Indeed, it is one which should be looked into by all students of foreign +literature. + +Some curious articles, more especially in early Italian and French +literature, and on the subject of Alchymy, Astrology, Magic, &c., will +be found in a "Catalogue of Interesting and Rare Books on sale, by +George Bumstead, No. 205. High Holborn." + +William Nield, 46. Burlington Arcade is, we believe a new candidate for +the favours of the purchasers of old books. His first Catalogue contains +some curious Articles in the departments of Demonology and Witchcraft; a +few varieties belonging to the "Marprelate" class such as "Penri's +Exhortation;" and a fine collection of Classical Music. + +Lastly, let us mention what cannot but interest many reader of "NOTES +AND QUERIES," that Mr. Lumley, of 56. Chancery Lane, having purchased +the stock of Society of Antiquaries' publications has divided the +volumes of the Archaelogia, and has just put forth a Catalogue of the +separate papers, which are for sale, and of which he says very truly, +"their value cannot be disputed," and they are "now for the first time +offered thus to the Public." + + * * * * * {63} + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +BURNEY'S TREATISE ON MUSIC (not his History). + +GRAY'S ELEGY (PROFESSOR YOUNG OF GLASGOW'S CRITISCISM OF). + +LIFE OF HON. ROBERT PRICE, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. London. +1734. + +FLORES BERNARDI. + +REGNORUM, PROVINCIARUM, CIVITATUMQUE NOMINA LATINA (CORONELLI, POTIUS +ALPHONSUS LASOR A VAREA). Fol. 2 Vols. Venet. 1716. Or the 2nd Vol. +only. + +BUDDEN'S DISCOURSE FOR PARENTS' HONOUR AND AUTHORITIE. 8vo. 1666. + +THE TWO WOLVES IN LAMB'S SKINS, OR OLD ELI'S LAMENTATION OVER HIS TWO +SONS. 8vo. 1716. + +AVERELL'S FOUR NOTABLE HISTORIES, ETC. 4to. 1590. + +NATURE, A POEM. Folio. 1736. + +BARNEFIELD'S PLOWMAN'S COMPLAINT. 4to. 1580. + +GILL'S INSTRUCTIONS FOR CHILDREN, in Verse. 1709. + +JERMIN'S FATHER'S INSTITUTION OF HIS CHILD. 1658. + +PASSIONAEL EPTE DAT LEVENT DER HELLIG N. Folio. Basil. MDXXII. + +Odd Volumes + +SOUTHEY'S COWPER. Vols. X. XII. XIII. XIV. + +CAIRN'S EDITION OF GOLDSMITH'S MISCELLANEOUS WORKS. Edinburgh. 1801. +Vol. III. + +SHAKSPEARE'S DRAMATIC WORKS.--The _Fourth_ Volume of WHITTINGHAM'S +Edition, in 7 vols. 24mo. Chiswick. 1814. + +COOPER'S (C.P.) ACCOUNT OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PUBLIC RECORDS. 8vo. +1832.--The First Volume of + +LIVY.--Vol. I. of Crevier's Edition. 6 vols. 4to. Paris. 1739. + +Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +_The matter is so generally understood with regard to the management of +periodical works, that it is hardly necessary for the Editor to say +that_ HE CANNOT UNDERTAKE TO RETURN MANUSCRIPTS; _but on one point he +wishes to offer a few words of explanation to his correspondents in +general, and particularly to those who do not enable him to communicate +with them except in print. They will see, on a very little reflection, +that it is plainly his interest to take all he can get, and make the +most, and the best of everything; and therefore he begs them to take for +granted that their communications are received, and appreciated, even if +the succeeding Number bears no proof of it. He is convinced that the +want of specific acknowledgment will only be felt by those who have no +idea of the labour and difficulty attendant on the hurried management of +such a work, and of the impossibility of sometimes giving an explanation +when there really is one which would quite satisfy the writer, for the +delay or non-insertion of his communication. Correspondents in such +cases have no reason, and if they understood an editor's position they +would feel that they have no right, to consider themselves undervalued; +but nothing short of personal experience in editorship would explain to +them the perplexities and evil consequences arising from an opposite +course_. + + * * * * * + +_Surely_ MELANION _is too hard upon our correspondents and too_ exigeant +_towards ourselves. He would place us in a singular position. He should +consider that we have not opened lists for all comers to tilt against +each other. We invite_ litterateurs _to a_ re-union, _in which they may +give and receive mutual help and aid; but, in order to do so, they must +tolerate each others' little peculiarities, and not espy offence in +them_. + +_The Index so kindly offered by_ MELANION _is declined with many +thanks_. + +_Answers to several outstanding Queries in our next_. + +COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVED.--_W.--A Subscriber--F.G.S.--Rev. L.B. +Larking.--J.J.S.--J. Britton.--T.G.--V.--S.W.S.--C.B.--R.J.S.-- +Melanion.--W.L.--C.A.H.--Anglo-Cambrian--T. De Sternberg.--Q.X.Z.-- +A.J.E.--Q.D.--F.F.B.--Scotus.--R.D.--P.--Cecil Moore.--A Hapless +Hunter.--E.--C.H.D.--Q.Q.--P.C.S.S.--J.R.P.--X.X.X.--G.J.K.--F.R.A_. + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED.--_We believe that this will prove one of +the most useful divisions of our weekly Sheet. Gentlemen who may be +unable to meet with any book or volume of which they are in want may, +upon furnishing name, date, size, &c., have it inserted in this List_ +free of cost. _Persons having such volumes to dispose of are requested +to send reports of price, &c., to Mr. Bell, our Publisher_. + +_We have received many complaints of a difficulty in procuring our +paper. Every Bookseller and Newsvendor will supply it_ if ordered, _and +gentlemen residing in the country may be supplied regularly with the +Stamped Edition by giving their orders direct to the publisher_, Mr. +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street, _accompanied by a Post Office order for +a quarter_ (4s. 4d.). _All communications should be addressed_ To the +Editor of "NOTES and QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Vols. I. and II. 8vo. Price 28s. cloth. + +THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND; from +the time of the Conquest. + +By Edward Foss, F.S.A. + +"It supplies what was much wanted--a regular and progressive account of +English legal institutions. The result is a correction of many errors, +an addition of much new information, and a better general view of our +strictly legal history than any other jurist, historian, or biographer +had heretofore attempted to give."--_Examiner._ + +LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + * * * * * {64} + +Just published, Part II., containing 10 Plates, 5s. Plain, 7s. 6d., +coloured, to be completed in three or four Parts. + +ANTIQUARIAN GLEANINGS in the NORTH of ENGLAND: being Examples of Antique +Furniture, Plate, Church Decorations, Objects of Historical Interest, +&c. Drawn and Etched by W.B. SCOTT. + +"A collection of Antiquarian Relics, chiefly in the Decorative branch of +Art, preserved in the Northern Counties, portrayed by a very competent +hand. Many of the objects possess considerable interest; such as the +chair of the Venerable Bede, Cromwell's sword and watch, and the +grace-cup of Thomas a Becket. All are drawn with that distinctness which +makes them available for the Antiquarian, for the Artist who is studying +Costume, and for the study of Decorative Art."--_Spectator._ + +8vo. cloth, price 12s., with a Coloured Plate of King Alfred's Jewel. + +THE LIFE and TIMES of ALFRED the GREAT. By the Rev. J.A. GILES, D.C.L., +late Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, Author of "The History of +the Ancient Britons," &c. + +"A useful volume, as collecting into one view all the facts that are +known respecting the Life of Alfred, exhibiting the various opinions on +disputed points, and containing a very fair, sensible summing up by the +biographer."--_Spectator._ + +Two vols., 8vo, 30s. + +HISTORY of the ANCIENT BRITONS, from the Earliest Period to the Invasion +of the Saxons Compiled from the Original Authorities. By the Rev. J.A. +GILES, D.C.L., late Fellow of C.C.C., Oxford. + +"The longer and more important passages are full and clear in matter, +always well presented, often in a masterly mode.... Dr. Giles is in +thorough possession of his materials and of his intention, which +produces the clearness that arises from mastery: and he exhibits the +same general _bon hommie_ and chronicler disposition for minute and +picturesque narrative which we noted in his life of Becket, with more of +a critical spirit."--_Spectator._ + +8vo. price 1s. 6d., with two Plates. + +A DESCRIPTION OF THE ROMAN THEATRE lately discovered at Verulam. By R. +GROVE LOWE, Esq. Read at the meeting of the St. Alban's Architectural +Society, April 12, 1848. + +8vo. sewed 1s. + +ON SOME ROMAN SEPULCHRAL REMAINS discovered in the Churchyard of St. +Stephen, near St. Alban's, Herts, A.D. 1848. Read at a meeting of the +St. Alban's Architectural Society, June 20, 1848. By MATTHEW HOLBECHE +BLOXAM. Published for the Society by GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; +WILLIAM LANGLEY, St. Alban's; and JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. + + * * * * * + +ARISTOTLE'S ETHICS. Literally translated into English. 8vo. bds. 5s.; +published at 10s. 6d. Oxford, 1846. + +ANCIENT GREECE. The History of the Manners and Customs of Ancient +Greece. By J.A. ST. JOHN, 3 vols. 8vo. boards, 15s.; published at 1l. +11s. 6d. 1842. + +TRAVELS IN THE MOREA. By W.M. LEAKE, F.R.S., with a Map and Plates. 3 +vols. 8vo. bds. 18s.; published at 2l. 5s. 1830. + +CALDERON DE LA BARCA, Las Comedias de. Por J.J. KEIL. Portrait, 4 vols, +royal 8vo. sewed, 1l. 5s. Leipsique, 1828. + +EDWARD STIBBS, 331. Strand, where also can be had on application his +Catalogues of Second Hand Books in all languages and subjects, viz. +Classics and Philology, Divinity, English and General Literature. + + * * * * * + +TRACTS FOR THE CHRISTIAN SEASONS. The First Part of a New Series of +Tracts for the Christian Seasons will be published on Saturday, December +1, containing a Tract for each Sunday in Advent. These Tracts illustrate +the Teaching of the Church, follow the order of the Christian Year, and +neither exceed nor fall short of the Teaching of the Prayer Book. + +The First Series is now complete in 4 vols. fcap. 8vo. and may be +ordered of all booksellers in the country. Oxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER; +and 337. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + +PICKERING'S LIBRARY EDITIONS. + +BUNYAN'S PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, 8vo. 10s. 6d. + +GEORGE HERBERT'S COMPLETE WORKS. 2 vols. 8vo. 21s. + +TAYLOR'S HOLY LIVING AND DYING. 2 vols. 8vo. 21s. + +The above Works are beautifully printed in large type, by Whittingham, +and are kept in appropriate bindings. + +WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS OF REFERENCE + +1. BIBLIOTHECA AUCTORUM CLASSICORUM. A complete Catalog of Classics. +8vo., 8s. + +2. BIBLIOTHECA ZOOLOGICA ET PALAEONTOLOGICA, 8vo. 1845. 12s. + +3. BIBLIOTHECA MEDICO-CHIRURGICA. 8vo. 1847. 7s. 6d. + +4. BIBLIOGRAPHIE BIOGRAPHIQUE. A reference to 27,000 works on Biography. +4to. boards. 2l. 10s. + +WILLIAMS and NORGATE will be happy to ANSWER ALL QUERIES respecting +German Books, and things relating thereunto, as far as their experience +and extensive works of reference enable them to do. + +WILLIAMS and NORGATE, 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. 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