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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/13480-0.txt b/13480-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..538ce5a --- /dev/null +++ b/13480-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1936 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13480 *** + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 49.] SATURDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {289} + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:--Page + Stray Notes on Cunningham's London. 289 + Satirical Song upon Villiers Duke of Buckingham, by Dr. Rimbault. 291 + Baker's Notes on Author of "Whole Duty of Man," by Rev. J.E.B. Mayor. 292 + Mistake about George Wither, by Dr. Rimbault. 293 + Useful _v._ Useless Learning. 293 + Minor Notes:--Numerals--Junius and Sir P. Francis--Jews under the + Commonwealth--"Is any thing but," &c.--Fastitocalon. 294 + +QUERIES:-- + Bishop Cosin's Conference. 295 + Engleman's "Bibliotheca Scriptorum Classicorum," by Professor De + Morgan. 296 + Minor Queries:--Portrait of Sir P. Sidney--Confession--Scotch + Prisoners at Worcester--Adamson's Edward II.--Sir Thomas + Moore--Dr. E. Cleaver--Gwyan's London--Coronet--Cinderella--Judas' + Bell--Dozen of Bread--Kings Skuggsia--Coins of + Gandophares--Satirical Medals. 296 + +REPLIES:-- + Gaudentio di Lucca. 298 + On a Passage in the Tempest, by J. Payne Collier. 299 + Gray's Elegy. 300 + Bishops and their Precedence. 301 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of + his Time--What is the correct Prefix of Mayors--Marks of Cadency. 302 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 303 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 303 + Notices to Correspondents. 303 + Advertisments. 304 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +STRAY NOTES ON CUNNINGHAM'S LONDON. + +The following notes are so trivial, that I should have scrupled to send +them on any other ground than that so well-conceived and +labouriously-executed a work should have its most minute and unimportant +details as correct as possible. This, in such a work, can only be +effected by each reader pointing out the circumstances that he has +reason to believe are not quite correctly or completely given in it. + +Page 24. _Astronomical Society._--The library has been recently +augmented by the incorporation with it of the books and documents (as +well as the members) of the _Mathematical Society of London_ +(Spitalfields). It contains the most complete collection of the English +mathematical works of the last century known to exist. A friend, who has +examined them with some care, specifies particularly some of the tracts +published in the controversy raised by Bishop Berkeley respecting "the +ghosts of departed quantities," of which he did before know the +existence. + +The instruments to which Mr. Cunningham refers as bequeathed to the +Society, are not used there, nor yet allowed to lie unused. They are +placed in the care of active practical observers, according as the +special character of the instruments and the special subjects to which +each observer more immediately devotes his attention, shall render the +assignment of the instrument expedient. The instruments, however, still +remain the property of the Society. + +P. 37. _Bath House._--Date omitted. + +P. 143.--Evan's Hotel, Covent Garden, is described as having been once +the residence of "James West, the great collector of books, &c., and +_President of the Royal Society_." There has certainly never been a +President, or even a Secretary, of that name. However, it is just +possible that there might have been a Vice-president so named (as these +are chosen by the President from the members of the council, and the +council has not always been composed of men of science): but even this +is somewhat doubtful. + +P. 143. _Covent Garden Theatre._--No future account of this theatre will +be complete without the facts connected with the ill-starred Delafield; +just as, into the Olympic, the history of the defaulter Watts, of the +Globe Assurance Office, must also enter. + +P. 143. near top of col. 2. "Heigho! says Kemble."--Before this period, +a variation of the _rigmarole_ upon which this is founded had become +poplular, from the humour of Liston's singing at Sadler's Wells. I have +a copy of the music and the words; altogether identical with those in +the music. Of these, with other matters connected with the {290} amorous +frog, I shall have something more to say hereafter. This notice is to be +considered incidental, rather than as referring expressly to Mr. +Cunningham's valuable book. + +P. 153. _Deans Yard, Westminster._--Several of the annual budgets of +abuse, obscenity, and impudent imposture, bearing on their title-pages +various names, but written by "John Gadbury, Student in Physic and +Astrology," were dated from "my house, Brick Court, Dean's Yard, +Westminster;" or this slightly varied, occasionally being, "Brick Court, +_near_ the Dean's Yard," &c. I have not seen a complete series of +Gadbury's _Almanacks_, but those I refer to range from 1688 to 1694 +(incomplete). His burial in St. Margaret's, Westminster, in 1704, is +noticed by Mr. Cunningham, at p. 313. As brick was then only used in the +more costly class of domestic buildings, this would seem to indicate +that _prophecy_ was then a lucrative trade; and that the successor and +pupil of the "arch-rogue, William Lilly" was quite as fortunate in his +speculations as his master had been. It is a truth as old as society +itself, that "knaves grow rich while honest men starve." Whilst Gadbury +was "wallowing in plenty," the author of _Hudibras_ was perishing for +want of a crust! + +P. 153. _Denzil Street._--Here, about the middle of the street, on the +south side, lived Theophilus Holdred, a jobbing watchmaker, whose name +will always hold a place in one department of mathematical history. He +discovered a method of approximating to the roots of numerical +equations, of considerable ingenuity. He, however, lost in his day and +generation the reputation that was really due to him for it, by his +laying claim to more than he had effected, and seeking to deprive other +and more gifted men of the reputation due to a more perfect solution of +the same problem. He was, indeed, brought before the public as the tool +of a faction; and, as the tools of faction generally are, he was +sacrificed by his own supporters when he was no longer of any use to +them. + +I once called upon him, in company with Professor Leyburn, of the Royal +Military College, but I forget whether in 1829 or 1830. We found him at +his bench--a plain, elderly, and heavy-looking personage. He seemed to +have become "shy" of our class, and some time and some address were +requisite to get him to speak with any freedom: but ultimately we placed +him at his ease, and he spoke freely. We left him with the conviction +that he was the _bonâ fide_ discoverer of his own method; and that he +had no distinct conception, even then, of the principle of the methods +which he had been led by his friends to claim, of having _also_ +discovered _Horner's_ process before Horner himself had published it. He +did not (ten years after the publication of Horner's method) even then +understand it. He understood his own perfectly, and I have not the +slightest doubt of the correctness of his own statement, of its having +been discovered by him fifty years before. + +P. 166. _Dulwich Gallery._--This is amongst the unfortunate consequences +of taking lists upon trust. Poor Tom Hurst[1] has not been in the +churchyard these last eight years--except the three last in his grave. +The last five years of his life were spent in a comfortable asylum, as +"a poor brother of the Charterhouse." He was one of the victims of the +"panic of 1825;" and though the spirit of speculation never left him, he +always failed to recover his position. He is referred to here, however, +to call Mr. Cunningham's attention to the necessity, in a _Hand-book_ +especially, of referring his readers correctly to the places at which +_tickets_ are to be obtained for any purpose whatever. It discourages +the visitor to London when he is thus "sent upon a fool's errand;" and +the Cockney himself is not in quite so good a humour with the author for +being sent a few steps out of his way. + +P. 190. _Rogers_--a Cockney by inference. I {291} should like to see +this more decidedly established. I am aware that it is distinctly so +stated by Chambers and by Wilkinson; but a remark once made to me by +Mrs. Glendinning (the wife of Glendinning, the printer, of Hatton +Garden) still leads me to press the inquiry. + +P. 191.--_The Free Trade Club_ was dissolved before the publication of +this edition of the _Handbook_. + +P. 192.--And to Sir John Herschel, on his return from the Cape of Good +Hope. + +P. 210. _Royal Society._--From a letter of Dr. Charles Hutton, in the +_Newcastle Magazine_ (vol. i. 2nd series), it appears that at the time +of Dr. Dodd's execution the Fellows were in the habit of adjourning, +after the meetings, to Slaughter's Coffee House, "to eat oysters," &c. +The celebrated John Hunter, who had attempted to resuscitate the +ill-fated Doctor, was one of them. "The Royal Society Club" was +instituted by Sir Joseph Banks. + +P. 221. _Hanover Square._--Blank date. + +P. 337. _Millbank Prison._--It was designed, not by "Jeremy Bentham," +but by his brother, the great mechanist, Sir Samuel Bentham. In passing, +it may be remarked that the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, is +constructed on the same principle, and, as was stated in the _Mechanics' +Magazine_, on authority, a year or two ago, by the same engineer. +General rumour has, however, attributed the design to his gracious +Majesty George III; and its being so closely in keeping with the known +spirit of _espionage_ of that monarch certainly gave countenance to the +rumour. It may be as well to state, however, that, so designed and so +built, it has never yet been so used. + +P. 428.--_Benbow_, not a native of Wapping, but of Shrewsbury. A life of +him was published nearly forty years ago, by that veteran of local and +county history, Mr. Charles Hulbert, in the _Salopian Magazine_. + +P. 499. _Whitfield._--Certainly not the founder of the Methodists, in +the ordinary or recognised acceptation of the term. John Wesley was at +the head of that movement from the very first, and George Whitfield and +Charles Wesley were altogether subordinate to him. Wesley and Whitfield +parted company on the ground of Arminianism _versus_ Calvinism. For a +while the two sects kept the titles of "Arminian Methodists" and +"Calvinistic Methodists." The latter made but little ground afterwards, +and the distinctive adjective was dropped by the Wesleyans when the +Whitfieldites had ceased to be a prominent body. + +P. 515. _Doctor Dodd._--The great interest excited in favour of a +commutation of his sentence, led to the belief at the time, that his +life had not been really sacrificed. Many plausible stories respecting +the Doctor having been subsequently seen alive, were current; and as +they may possibly in some future age be revived, and again pass into +general currency, it may be as well to state that the most positive +evidence to the contrary exists, in a letter of Dr. Hutton's before +referred to. The _attempt to resuscitate him was actually made_, by a no +less distinguished surgeon than John Hunter. He seemed then to attribute +the failure to his having _received the body too late_. Wonderful +effects were at that time expected to result from the discovery of +galvanism; but it would have been wonderful indeed if any restoration +had taken place after more than two hours of suspended animation. John +Hunter, according to the account, does not seem to have been very +communicative on the subject, even to his philosophical friends at +Slaughter's Oyster Rooms. + +T.S.D. + +Shooter's Hill. + +[Footnote 1: It may not be out of place here to mention one fine feature +in the character of "Tom Hurst;" his deep reverence for men of ability, +whether in literature, science, or art. Take one instance: + + +Fourteen or fifteen years ago, I called one morning at his place of +business (then 65. St. Paul's Church Yard, which has been subsequently +absorbed into the "Religious Tract Depository"); and, as was my custom, +I walked through the shop to his private room. He was "not in;" but a +gentleman, who first looked at me and then at a portrait of me on the +wall, accosted me by my surname as familiarly as an intimate +acquaintance of twenty years would have done. He and Hurst, it appeared, +had been speaking of me, suggested by the picture, before Hurst went +out. The familiar stranger did not keep me long in suspense--he +intimated that I had "probably heard our friend speak of Ben Haydon." Of +course I had; and we soon got into an easy chat. Hurst was naturally a +common subject with us. Amongst the remarks he made were the following, +and in almost the words:-- + +"When my troubles came on, I owed Hurst a large sum of money; and the +circumstances under which I became his debtor rendered this peculiarly a +debt of honour. He lent it me when he could ill spare it; yet he is the +only one of all my creditors who has not in one way or other persecuted +me to the present hour. When he first knew of my wreck, he called upon +me--_not to reproach but to encourage me_--and he would not leave me +till he felt sure that he had changed the moody current of my thoughts. +If there be any change in him since then, it is in his increased +kindness of manner and his assiduity to serve me. He is now gone out to +try to sell 'a bit of daub' for me." + +Hurst came in, and this conversation dropped; but it had been well had +Hurst been by his side on the day his last picture was opened to view at +the Egyptian Hall. The catastrophe of that night might have been +averted, notwithstanding Mr. Barnum and his Tom Thumb show in the +adjoining room.] + + * * * * * + +SATIRICAL SONG UPON GEORGE VILLIERS, DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM. + +In turning over some old bundles of papers of the early part of the +seventeenth century, I met with the following satirical effusion upon +"James's infamous prime minister," George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham. +As an echo of the popular feelings of the people at the time it was +written, it merits preservation; and although I have seen other +manuscript copies of the ballad, it has never yet, as far as I can +learn, appeared in print. + +It appears to be a parody or paraphrase of a well-known ballad of the +period, the burden of which attracted the notice of the satirist. It +afterwards became a common vehicle of derision during the civil war, as +may be seen by turning over the pages of the collection entitled _Rump +Songs_, and the folio volumes of the king's pamphlets. + +The _original_ of these parodies has hitherto eluded my researches. It +is not among the Pepysian, Roxburghe, Wood, or Douce ballads, but +perhaps some of your readers may be able to point it out in some public +or private collection. + + "Come heare, Lady Muses, and help mee to sing, + Come love mee where I lay; + Of a duke that deserves to be made a king-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "Our Buckingham Duke is the man that I meane, + Come love mee where I lay; + On his shoulders the weale of the kingdome doth leane-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "O happiest kingdome that ever was kind, + Come love mee where I lay; + And happie the king that hath such a friend-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. {292} + + "Needs must I extoll his worth and his blood-- + Come love mee where I lay; + And his sweet disposition soe milde and soe good-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "Those innocent smiles that embelish his face, + Come love mee where I lay; + Who sees them not tokens of goodness and grace-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "And what other scholler could ever arise, + Come love mee where I lay; + From a master that was soe sincere and wise-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "Who is hee could now from his grave but ascend, + Come love mee where I lay; + Would surely the truth of his service commend-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "The king understands how he honors his place, + Come love me where I lay; + Which is to his majestie noe little grace-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "And therefore the government justly hath hee, + Come love mee where I lay; + Of horse for the land, and shipps for the sea-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "What, though our fleet be our enemies debtor, + Come love mee where I lay; + Wee brav'd them once, and wee'l brave them better-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "And should they land heere they should bee disjointed, + Come love mee where I lay; + And find both our horse and men bravely appointed-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "Then let us sing all of this nobel duke's praise, + Come love mee where I lay; + And pray for the length of his life and his daies-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "And when that death shall close up his eyes, + Come love mee where I lay; + God take him up into the skies-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way." + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +"WHOLE DUTY OF MAN," AUTHOR OF. + +(From Baker's MSS, vol. xxxv. p. 469-470. Cambridge University Library.) + + "Octo'r 31. 1698. Mr. Thomas Caulton, Vicar of Worksop, &c. [as + in the note p. xiii. to the editor's Preface, ed. 1842, with + unimportant variations, such as _Madam Frances Heathcote_, where + the printed copy has _Mrs. Heathcote_; Baker reads _Madam Ayre + of Rampton after dinner took_, where the printed copy has, _Mrs. + Eyre_. After _was dead_, follows in Baker,] and that in that + Month she had buried her Husband and severall Relations, but + that her comfort was, that by her Monthly Sacraments she + participated still with them in the Communion of Saints. + + "Then she went to her Closet, and fetched out a Manuscript, w'ch + she said was the original of the _Whole Duty of Man_, tied + together and stitched, in 8'vo, like Sermon notes. She untied + it, saying, it was Dr. Fell's Correction and that the Author was + the Lady Packington (her Mother), in whose hand it was written. + + "To prove this, the s'd Mr. Caulton further added that she said, + she had shewn it to Dr. Covell, Master of Christ's College[2] in + Cambridge, Dr. Stamford, Preb. of York, and Mr. Banks the + present Incumbent of the Great Church in Hull. She added, + withall, that _The Decay of Christian Piety_ was hers (The Lady + Packington's) also, but disowned any of the rest to be her + Mother's. + + "This is a true Copy of what I wrote, from Mr. Caulton's Mouth, + two days before his Decease. + + "Witness my hand, + + "Nov. 15. 98. + + "JOHN HEWYT." + + "Bp. Fell tells us, that all these Tracts were written by the + excellent Author (whom he makes to be one and the same person) + at severall times, as y'e exigence of the Church, and the + benefit of soules directed y'r composures; and that he (the + Author) did likewise publish them apart, in the same order as + they were made. The last, it seems (w'ch is _The Lively + Oracles_), came out in 1678, the very year Dr. Woodhead died. + Had the Author liv'd longer, we should have had his Tract _Of + the Government of the Thoughts_, a work he had undertaken; and + certainly (as Bp. Fell hath told us), had this work been + finished, 'twould have equall'd, if not excelled, whatever that + inimitable hand had formerly wrote. Withall it may be observ'd, + that the Author of these Tracts speaks of the great Pestilence, + and of the great Fire of London, both w'ch happen'd after the + Restoration, whereas Bp. Chappell died in 1649. And further, in + sect. vii. of the _Lively Oracles_, n. 2., are these words, w'ch + I think cannot agree to Bp. Chappell [and less to Mr. Woodhead]. + _I would not be hasty in charging Idolatry upon the Church of + Rome, or all in her Communion; but that their Image-Worship is a + most futall snare, in w'ch vast numbers of unhappy Souls are + taken, no Man can doubt, who hath with any Regard travailed in + Popish Countries: I myself, and thousands of others, whom the + late troubles, or other occasions, sent abroad, are, and have + been witnesses thereof_. {293} These words seem to have been + spoke by one that had been at Rome, and was forced into those + Countries after the troubles broke out here. But as for + Chappell, he never was at Rome, nor in any of those Countries. + + "As for Archbp. Stern, no Man will believe him to have any just + Title to any of these Tracts. [The last Passage concerning + idolatry, will not agree with Mr. Woodhead, nor the rest with + Lady Packington.] + + "In a letter from Mr. Hearne, dat. Oxon, Mar. 27, 1733, said by + Dr. Clavering, Bp. of Petr. to be wrote by one Mr. Basket, a + Clergyman of Worcestershire. See Dr. Hamond's _Letters_ + published by Mr. Peck, et ultra Quære." + +On so disputed a point as the authorship of the _Whole Duty of Man_, +your readers will probably welcome any discussion by one so competent to +form an opinion in such matters as Hearne. + +The letter above given was unknown to the editor of Mr. Pickering's +edition. + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + +Marlborough College. + +[Footnote 2: The printed copy has _Trinity_ College.] + + * * * * * + +MISTAKE ABOUT GEORGE WITHER. + +In Campbell's _Notices of the British Poets_ (edit. 1848 p. 234.) is the +following, passage from the short memoir of George Wither:-- + + "He was even afraid of being put to some mechanical trade, when + he contrived to get to London, and with great simplicity had + proposed to try his fortune at court. To his astonishment, + however, he found that it was necessary to flatter in order to + be a courtier. To show his independence, he therefore wrote his + _Abuses Whipt and Stript_, and, instead of rising at court, was + committed for some months to the Marshalsea." + +The author adds a note to this passage, to which Mr. Peter Cunningham +(the editor of the edition to which I refer) appends the remark inclosed +between brackets:-- + + "He was imprisoned for his _Abuses Whipt and Stript_; yet this + could not have been his first offence, as an allusion is made to + a former accusation. [It was for _The Scourge_ (1615) that his + first known imprisonment took place.]" + +I cannot discover upon any authority sufficient ground for Mr. +Campbell's note resecting a _former_ accusation against Wither. He was +undoubtedly imprisoned for his _Abuses Whipt and Stript_, which first +appeared in print in 1613, but I do not think an _earlier_ offence can +be proved against him. It has been supposed, upon the authority of a +passage in the _Warning Piece to London_, that the first edition of this +curious work appeared in 1611; but I am inclined to think that the +lines,-- + + "In sixteen hundred ten and one, + I notice took of public crimes," + +refers to the period at which the "Satirical Essays" were _composed_. +Mr. Willmott, however (_Lives of the Sacred Poets_, p. 72.), thinks that +they point to an earlier publication. But it is not likely that Wither +would so soon again have committed himself by the publication of the +_Abuses_ in 1613, if he had suffered for his "liberty of speech" so +shortly before. + +Mr. Cunningham's addition to Mr. Campbell's note is incorrect. The +_Scourge_ is part of the _Abuses Whipt and Stript_ printed in 1613 (a +copy of which is now before me), to which it forms a postscript. Wood, +who had never seen it, speaks of it as a _separate_ publication; but Mr. +Willmott has corrected this error, although he had only the means of +referring to the edition of the _Abuses_ printed in 1615. Mr. +Cunningham's note, that Wither was imprisoned for the _Scourge_ in 1615, +is a mistake; made, probably, by a too hasty perusal of Mr. Willmott's +charming little volume on our elder sacred poets. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +USEFUL VERSUS USELESS LEARNING + +A single and practical plan for the formation of a complete and useful +library and _respository_ of _universal_ literary knowledge. + +The design which I propose in the following few lines, is one which I +should imagine nearly all the more learned and literary of your readers +would _wish_ to see _already in existence_ and when I show that it might +be effected _with very little trouble and expense_ (indeed _no_ trouble +but such as would be a _pleasure_ to those interested in the work), and +that the greatest advantage would follow from it,--I hope that it may +meet with favourable consideration from some of the numerous, able, and +influential readers and correspondents of your journal. + +I am the more induced to hope this from the fact of such a wish having +been partially expressed by some of your contributors, and the excellent +leading articles of Nos. 1 and 2. + +What I propose is simply this: the SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT of _all_ the +existing literary knowledge in the world that is considered _of value_ +by those best qualified to judge, disposed in such a manner as to answer +these two purposes: 1st, to give a general connected and classified +_view_ of the literary treasures of the whole world, beginning from the +most ancient in each language and department (including only what is +valuable in each); and, 2dly, to afford the greatest possible _facility_ +(by means of arrangement, references and _indexes_) to every inquirer +for finding _at once_ the information he is in search of, if it is to be +found _anywhere_ by looking for it. + +There are two ways in which this work might be accomplished, both of +which were desirable, though even one only would be much better than +none. + +The first and most complete is, to make a real COLLECTION of all those +works, arranged in the {294} most perfect systematic order; and, while +doing so, to make at the same time a corresponding classified +_Catalogue_. + +The chief (and almost the only) _difficulty_ in the way of this would +be, to find a _room_ (or suite of rooms) to contain such a library and +repository; but such would probably be found if sought. + +The other way in which this object might be attained is by the formation +of a simple CATALOGUE in the same order, such as does already exist and +lies open for public use (though only in manuscript, and not so +accurately classified as might be) in the noble library of the Dublin +University. + +This plan would be _far easier_ than (besides forming the best possible +_basis_ for) that so urgently advocated by MR. BOLTON CORNEY (Vol. i. +pp. 9, 42, 43.). + +Of course so extensive a design would require to be distributed among +many hundred persons; but so does any great work: while, by each +individual undertaking that department in which he is most interested +and most experienced, the whole might be accomplished easily and +pleasantly. + +The great fault of antiquarians is, that they are constantly _beginning +at the wrong end_: they fix on some one piece of information that they +want to get, and devote a world of labour to hunting about in all +directions for anything bearing on the subject; whereas the rational way +obviously is, to have the whole existing mass of (valuable) knowledge +_classified_, and then the inquirer would know _where_ to look for his +purpose. + +Of course there will always remain much knowledge of a miscellaneous and +irregular nature which is picked up by accident, and does not come +within the scope of the present design; but this is generally of a +trifling and fugitive kind, and does not at all controvert the principle +above laid down. + +In conclusion, I have worked out a tolerably complete series of +arrangements for the above design, showing its practicability as well as +usefulness, which will be much at the service of any one who can use +them for the furtherance of that object. + +W. D. + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Numerals._--For the old Indian forms, see Prinsep's _Journal Asiatic +Soc. Bengal_, 1838, p. 348. The prospectus of _Brugsh, Numerorum apud +Egyptios Demoticorum Doctrina_, Berlin, promises to give from papyri and +inscriptions not only the figures, but the forms of operation. Probably +the system assumed its present form by the meeting of the Indian and +Egyptian traders at some emporium near the mouth of the Indus. Peacock +seems to give undue weight to the fact, that the Tibetans have a copious +nomenclature for high numbers: their arithmetic, doubtless, came with +their alphabet, and the Buddhist legends from India. + +F.Q. + + +_Junnius and Sir Philip Francis._--A few years ago, an aged intelligent +person named Garner was living at Belgrave, near Leicester. I have heard +him say that, when he was a farm bailiff to Lord Thanet, at Sevenoaks, +in Kent, Sir Philip Francis was a frequent visitor there, and had a +private room set apart for literary occupation. On one occasion, when he +(Mr. Garner) was riding over the farm with Sir Philip Francis, the +former alluded to one of the replies to Junius, by a clergyman who had +been the subject of the "Great Unknown's" anonymous attacks, adding, +"They say, Sir Philip, you are Junius." Sir Philip did not deny that he +was the man, but simply smiled at the remark. This, and other +circumstances coupled with the fact of Sir Philip's frequent visits to +the house of so noted a politician as Lord Thanet, rendered Mr. Garner a +firm believer in the identity of Sir Philip and Junius to the end of his +days. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Jews under the Commonwealth_ (Vol. i., pp. 401. 474.; vol ii., p. +25.).--There is a confirmation of the story of the Jews being in treaty +for St. Paul's and the Oxford Library in a passage in Carte's _Letters_, +i. 276, April 2, 1649:-- + + "They are about demolishing and selling cathedral churches. I + hear Norwich is designed already, and that the Jews proffer + 600,000l. for Paul's and Oxford Library, and may have them for + 200,000l. more." + +CH. + + +"_Is anything but," &c._--As your work seems adapted, amongst other +subjects, to check the introduction into our language of undesirable +words, phrases, and forms of speech, I would call the attention of your +readers to the modern phrases, "is anything but," and the like, which +have lately crept into use, and will be found, in many (otherwise) +well-written books. + +I read the phrase "is anything but," for the first time, in Napier's +_Peninsular War_; where it struck me as being so much beneath the +dignity of historical composition, and at the same time asserting an +impossibility, that I meditated calling the author's attention to it. +The not unfrequent use of the same phrase by other writers, since that +time, has by no means reconciled me to its use. + +In the _Edinburgh Review_ for January last (1850) I find the following +sentence:--"But as pains have been taken to fix the blame _upon any one +except_ the parties culpable;" and in the July number of the same +_Review_ (p. 90.) occurs the sentence, "_any impulse rather than_ that of +patriotism," &c. + +Now, a "thing," or "person," or "impulse,"--though it may not be the +"thing," or "person," or "impulse" charged as the agent,--must yet be +some _certain_ and _specific_ thing, or party, or impulse, {295} if +existing as an agent at all in the matter; and cannot be "_any_ thing," +or "_any_ party," or "_any_ impulse," in the _indefinite_ sense intended +in these phrases. Moreover, there seems no difficulty in expressing, in +a simple and direct manner, that the agent was a very different, or +opposite, or dissimilar "thing," or "person," or "impulse" from that +supposed. + +I wish some persons of competent authority in the science of our +language (and many such there are who write in your pages) would take up +this subject, with a view to preserve the purity of it; and would also, +for the future, exercise a watchful vigilance over the use, for the +_first_ time, of any incorrect, or low words or phrases, in composition; +and so endeavour to confine them to the vulgar, or to those who ape the +vulgar in their style. + +P.H.F. + + +_Fastitocalon._--_Fastitocalon. Cod. Exon._ fol. 96. b. p. 360. 18. read +[Greek: Aspido ... chelonae]. Tychsen, _Physiologus Syrus_, cap. xxx.: +did the digamma get to Crediton by way of Cricklade? + +F.Q. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES + +BISHOP COSIN'S CONFERENCE. + +Basire in his _Dead Man's Real Speech_ (pp. 59, 60.), amongst other +"notable instances" of Bishop Cosin's zeal and constancy in defence of +the Church of England, mentions + + "A solemn conference both by word and writing betwixt him and + the Prior of the English Benedictines at Paris, supposed to be + Robinson. The argument was concerning the validity of the + ordination of our priests, &c., in the Church of England. The + issue was, our Doctor had the better so far, that he could never + get from the Prior any reply to his last answer. This conference + was undertaken to fix a person of honour then wavering about + that point; the sum of which conference (as I am informed), was + written by Dr. Cosin to Dr. Morley, the now Right Reverend Lord + Bishop of Winchester, in two letters bearing date June 11, July + 11, 1645." + +The substance of this conference has been preserved among the Smith +Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; but it is not in the form of +letters to Dr. Morley. Vol. xl. of this valuable collection of +manuscripts contains (as described in Smith's table of contents):-- + + 1. "Papers of Bp. Cosins in defence of the Ordination of the + Church of England against father Prior. + + "The first of these is Bp. Cosin's Review of the Father's + Letter, &c. [the title-page is placed at p. 77.] + + "Then follows a letter (which is indeed the Bishop's first + paper, and should be put first) from Bishop Cosin to the Father. + + "After that the Father's Answer to Bishop Cosin's Review at p. + 81. + + "Then come two other papers about the validity of our + Ordination, with a preface concerning the occasion, p. 89." + + 2. "Then, p. 101., A Letter from a _Rom. Cath._ to a Lady about + communicating in one kind,--with Bishop Cosin's Answer." + + 3. "Lastly, in p. 123., is A Letter of Bp. Cosin's to Dr. + Collins concerning the Sabbath." + +The order in which the papers under the first head, about our English +ordination, should fall, appears to be as follows:-- + +1. There is a note attached to p. 65., evidently written by Dr. Tho. +Smith himself in the following words: + + "Transcript of several papers of Bishop Cosin's sent to me by + Dr. J. Smith, Prebendary of Durham.--T.S." + +2. At p. 77. the title-page is given thus: + + "A Review of a Letter sent from F.P.R. to a Lady (whom he would + have persuaded to the Rom. party) in Opposition to a former + paper given him for the defence of the Church of England in the + Ordination of Priests." + +To this are appended the respective forms of ordering priests used in +the Church of England and in the Roman Church. + +3. Then, at p. 89., we have the "occasion of this ... Discourse +concerning the Ordination of Priests," &c. This is a kind of preface, +which contains the first paper that was given to the Prior, dated June +14, 1645; also another paper, bearing date July 11, 1645, but ending +abruptly in the middle of a sentence, and having written below it +(probably in Dr. J. Smith's hand) the following note: + + "The rest of this is not yet found, and that which is written + thus far is not in the Bishop's own hand, but the copy is very + fair." + +However, this second paper (ending thus abruptly) appears to be no more +than the first draft of a long letter from Cosin to the Prior, which +commences at p. 65. of this MS., and which is dated "from the Court of +S. Germains, July 11, 1645;" for not only does this letter bear the same +_date_ as the before-mentioned fragment, but it begins by complaining of +the tone of expression in a letter evidently received from the Prior +after the draft had been prepared, but before it was sent off; and it +concludes with the following note appended as a postscript: + + "Sir, + + "The enclosed (most of it) was prepared for you a fortnight + since; but now (upon the occasion given by your letter) you have + it with some advantage from + + "Your servt., J.C. + + "I desire the fav" + + "S. Germ. July 12." + +4. The most important part of this MS., however, is contained in the +long letter or treatise {296} placed first in the volume, and bearing +for its title, "A View of F.P.'s Answer to the First Paper." + +This is dated from S. Germains, July 25, 1645 and would appear to be +Cosin's last letter. But, if it be really so, Basire must, I think, be +in error, when he says, "Our Doctor ... could never get from the Prior +any reply to his last answer." For at p. 81. of the MS. there is a reply +to the above "Review of a Letter sent by F.R. to a Lady," &c. which, +though copied without either date or signature, was evidently written by +the Prior, whilst it professes to be a reply to a treatise closely +answering to Cosin's letter of July 25, but which letter the writer did +not receive (as he states) before the 26th of September. + +I wish yet further to take notice, that Dr. Tho. Smith, in His _Vitæ_ +(Lond. 1707, præf. pp. vii, viii.), refers to these manuscripts in the +following satisfactory manner:-- + + "Cum, post mortem D. Cosini, de pretio et valore schedarum, quas + reliquit, hæredibus non satis constaret, ... auspieatò tandem + devenit, ut favore, beneficio, et perquam insigni humanitate + reverendi et doctissimi viri, D. Joannis Smith, Sacræ Theologiæ + Professoris Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis Præbendarii, quorum frequens + hac de re commercium literarum, occasione data, (opportunè + intercedente prænobili et reverendo, D. Georgio Whelero, equite + aurato, et Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ Presbytero, ejusdem quoque + Ecclesiæ Cathedralis Prebendario), habui, duos libellos (tanquam + prætiosas tabulas ab isthoc infami naufragio servatas) a D. + Cosino, dum in Galliâ exularet, Anglieè conscriptos jam + possidieam: quarum unus _Vindicias Ordinatianum Ecclesieæ + Anglicanæ_ contra exceptiones et cavillationes cujusdem + Pontificii sacerdotis e gente nostra, alter _Responsionem ad + Epistolam_ nobili fæminæ Anglæ ab alio saccrdote _pro defensione + communionis sub unicâ specie administrandæ_ inscriptam, + complectitur," &c. + +I should still be glad to add to this long note the followng Queries:-- + +1. Can any of your readers kindly inform me whether Cosin's two letters +to Dr. Geo. Morley are still in existence, either in MS. or in print? + +2. Whether there be any fuller or more authentic account of the +controversy than that in these MS. preserved by the care of Dr. Smith? + +3. Whether Cosin wrote any letter to the Prior _later_ than that of July +25? + +4. Who was the _lady_ the Prior wished to seduce to the Roman party? + +5. Is there any other account of the controversy? + +J. SANSOM. + + * * * * * + +ENGELMAN'S BIBILIOTHECA SCRIPTORUM CLASSICORUM. + +A little while ago, I ordered Engelman's _Bibliotheca Scriptoram +Classicorum_, purporting to contain all such works published from 1700 +to 1846. It was furnished to my bookseller by a foreign bookseller in +_London_ with an English title, having _his own_ name on it as +publisher, and an invitation to purchase the books described in it _from +him_. As the paper and type were German, I objected and received in +consequence a new English title, with the same name upon it, and a +_shorter_ invitation to purchase from him. I was captious enough to +object even to this; and I then received a Leipzig title in German. But +there still remains a difficulty: for this German title has also the +name of a _Parisian_ bookseller upon it, _a la maison duquel on peut +s'adresser, &c._ Now, as Engelman is a bookseller, and would probably +not object to an order out of his own catalogue, of which he is both +author and publisher, the preceding, circumstances naturally raise the +following Queries: + +1. What is the real title-page of Engelman's _Catalogue_ 2. Is the +Parisian house accredited by Engelman; or has the former served the +latter as the London house has Served both? 3. Is it not desirable that +literary men should set their faces very decidedly against all and every +the slightest alteration in the genuine description of a book? 4. Would +it not be desirable that every such alteration should forthwith be +communicate to your paper? + +The English title-page omits the important fact, that the _Catalogue_ +begins at 1700, and describes it as containing _all_ editions, &c., up +to 1846. + +A. DE MORGAN. + +September 24. 1850. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Portrait of Sir P. Sidney, by Paul Veronese._--In the letters of Sir P. +Sidney which I found at Hamburg, and which were published by Pickering, +1845, it is stated that a portrait of Sidney was painted by Paul +Veronese, at Venice, for Herbert Languet. It would be very interesting +to discover the existence of this picture. + +Languet had it with him at Prague, _framed_, as he asserts, and hung up +in his room, in the year 1575. He remarks upon it, in one place, that it +represented Sidney as too young (he was nineteen when it was taken); in +another place he says that it has given him too sad an expression. I +should add, that on Languet's death, his property passed into the hands +of his friend Du Plessis. + +I am led to write to you on this subject, by having observed, a few days +since, in the collection at Blenheim, two portraits by Paul Veronese, of +persons unknown. There may be many such, and that of Sir Philip Sidney +may yet be identified. + +STEUART A. PEARS. + +Harrow, Sept. 6. + + +_Confession._--You would much oblige if you could discover the name of a +Catholic priest, in {297} German history, who submitted to die rather +than reveal a secret committed to him in confession? + +U.J.B. + + +_Scotch Prisoners at Worcester._--In Mr. Walcott's _History of St. +Margaret's Church, Westminster_, I find the following extract from +church wardens' accounts:-- + + "1652. P'd to Thos. Wright for 67 loads of soyle laid on the + graves in Tothill Fields, wherein 1200 Scotch prisoners, taken + at the fight at Worcester, were buried; and for other pains + taken with his teeme of horses, about mending the Sanctuary + Highway, when Gen. Ireton was buried." + +I have taken the pains to verify this extract, and find the figures +quite correctly given. I wish to put the Query: Is this abominable +massacre in cold blood mentioned by any of our historians? But for such +unexceptionable evidence, it would appear incredible. + +C.F.S. + + +_Adamson's Reign of Edward II._-- + + "The Reigns of King Edward II., and so far of King Edward III., + as relates to the Lives and Actions of Piers Gaveston, Hugh de + Spencer, and Roger Lord Mortimer, with Remarks thereon adapted + to the present Time: Humbly addressed to all his Majesty's + Subjects of Great Britain, &c., by _J. Adamson_. Printed for J. + Millar, near the Horse Guards, 1732, and sold by the Booksellers + of London and Westminster, price One Shilling." + +The above is the title-page of a little work of eighty-six pages in my +possession, which I am inclined to think is scarce. It appears to be a +defence of the Walpole administration from the attacks of the +_Craftsman_, a periodical of the time, conducted by Amhurst, who was +supported by Bolinbroke and Pulteney, the leaders of the opposition. Is +anything known of _J. Adamson_, the author? + +H.A.E. + + +_Sir Thomas Moore._--Can any of your readers give any account of Sir +Thomas Moore, beyond what Victor tells of him in his _History_ of the +Theatre, ii. p. 144., "that he was the author of an absurd tragedy +called _Mangora_ (played in 1717), and was knighted by George I." + +In Pope's "Epistle to Arbuthnot," he writes-- + + "Arthur, whose giddy son leglects the laws." + +on which Warburton notes-- + + "_Arthur Moore, Esq._" + +Who was _Arthur Moore, Esq._? and who was the "giddy son?" Was the +latter _James Moore Smith_ a gentleman whose family name was, I think, +_Moore_, and who assumed (perhaps for a fortune) the additional name of +_Smith_? This gentleman Pope seems to call indiscriminately _Moore_, +_Moor_, and _More_: and when he says that his good nature towards the +dunces was so great that he had even "rhymed for Moor" (Ib. v. 373.), I +cannot but suspect that the Moor _for_ whom he had _rhymed_, was the +_giddy son_ whom _Arthur_ accused him of seducing from the law to the +Muses. There are many allusions to this Mr. James Moore Smith throughout +Pope's satirical works, but all very obscure; and Warburton, though he +appears to have known him, affords no explanation as to who or what he +was. He was the author of a comedy called _The Rival Modes_. + +C. + + +_Dr. E. Cleaver, Bishop of Cork._--I shall feel much obliged to any of +your correspondents who will furnish me with the particulars of the +consecration of Dr. Euseby Cleaver to the sees of Cork and Ross, in +March, April, or May, 1789. Finding no record of the transaction in the +Diocesan Registry of Cork, and not being able to trace it in any other +part of _Ireland_, I am induced to believe that this consecration may +have taken place in _England_; and shall be very glad to be correctly +informed upon the point. + +H. COTTON. + +Thurles, Ireland. + + +_Gwynn's London and Westminster._--Mr. Thomas Frederick Hunt, in his +_Exemplars of Tudor Architecture_, 4to. London, 1830, in a note at p. +23., alludes to _London and Westminster improved, by John Gywnn, +London_, 1766, 4to., and has this remark: + + "It is a singular fact, that in this work John Gwynn pointed out + almost all the designs for the improvement of London, which have + been _devised_ by the civil and military architects of the + present day." + +And Mr. Hunt concludes by observing,, that-- + + "This discovery was made by the _Literary Gazette_." + +Will you permit me, through the medium of your useful publication, to +solicit information of the number and date of the _Literary Gazette_ +which recalled public attention to this very remarkable fact? + +§N. + + +_Coronet._--In Newbold Church, in the county of Warwick, is a monument +to the memory of Thomas Boughton of Lawford, and Elizabeth his wife, +representing him in a suit of armour, with sword and spurs, _a coronet +on his head_, and a bear at his feet, chained and muzzled. Query.--Can +any of your readers give an accurate description of this coronet? Or can +any of them mention instances of the monuments of esquires having +similar coronets? The date of his death is not given: his wife died in +the year 1454. + +Z. + + +_Cinderella._--Referring to Vol. ii., p. 214., allow me to ask in what +edition of Perrault's _Fairy Tales_ the misprint of _verre_ from _vair_ +first occurs? what is the date of their first publication, as well as +that of the translation under the title of _Mother Goose's Tales_? +whether Perrault was the originator of _Cinderella_, or from what source +he drew the tale? {298} what, moreover, is the authority for identifying +_sable_ with _vair_ for the employment of either in designating the +highest rank of princesses? + +SANDVICENSIS. + + +_Judas' Bell, Judas' Candle_ (Vol. i., pp. 195. 235. 357.).--Some time +since I asked the meaning of a Judas' Bell, and your learned +correspondent CEPHAS replied that it was only a bell so christened after +St. Jude, the apostle. However, it may have been connected with the +Judas' tapers, which, according, to the subjoined entries, were used +with the Paschal candle at Easter. May I trust to his kindness to +explain its purport? + + "_Reading Parish Accompts_. + + "1499. Itm. payed for making leng' Mr. Smyth's molde wt. a Judas + for the Pascall--vJd." + + "_St. Giles' Parish Accompts_. + + "A.D. 1514. Paid for making a Judas for Pascall iiijd." + + "_Churchwardens' Accompts of S. Martin, Outwich_. + + "1510. Paid to Randolf Merchaunt Wex Chandiler for the Pascall, + the tapers affore the Rode, the Cross Candelles, and Judas + Candelles--viiijs. iiijd." + + "_St. Margaret's, Westminster._ + + "1524. Item payed for xij. Judacis to stand with the tapers--O + ijd. O" + +MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A., Oxon. + + +_Dozen of Bread; Baker's Dozen._--In the _Chronicle of Queen Jane, and +of Two Years of Queen Mary_, lately printed for the Camden Society +(Appendix iv. p. 112.), it is stated that, amongst other particulars in +the accounts of the Chamberlain of Colchester, at which place Mary was +entertained on her way to London, there is:--"For xxxviii. _dozen of +bread_, xxxixs." In the language of the county from which I write, "a +dozen of bread" was (and I believe is yet) used to express either one +loaf, value twelvepence or two loaves, value sixpence each: and even +when the sizes and price of the loaves varied, it was used to express +the larger loaf, or the two smaller loaves. A dozen of bread was also +divided into six twopenny, or twelve penny loaves. + +But in the quotation above, thirty-eight dozen of bread are charged +thirty-nine shillings; whereas the extra one shilling, cannot be divided +into aliquot parts, so as to express the value of each of the +thirty-eight dozen of bread. + +What was a dozen of bread in 1553? + +What is a _baker's dozen_, and why so called? + +P.H.F. + + +_Kongs skuggsia._--Is anything, precise known of the date and origin of +the Icelandic Kongs skuggsia. + +F.Q. + + +_Coins of Gandophares._--Coins of Gandophares, an Indian prince, are +described by Prinsep, _Jour. Asiatic Soc. Bengal_, and in Wilson's +_Asiana_. The name is met with in the legends of St. Thomas can it be +found elsewhere? + +F.Q. + + +_Satirical Medals._--Is any printed account to be found of a very +elaborately executed series of caricature medals relating to the +revolution of 1688? + +F.Q. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + +GAUDENTIO DI LUCCA. + +(Vol. ii., p. 247.) + +The work entitled _The Adventures of Sig. Gaudentio di Lucca_ was +published at London in 1737, in 1 vol. 8vo. It purports to be a +translation from the Italian, by E.T. Gent but this is a mere fiction. +The work is evidently an English composition. It belongs to the class of +_Voyages Imaginaires_, and its main object is to describe the +institutions and manners of the Mezoranians, an Utopian community, +supposed to exist in the centre of Africa. Sig. Gaudentio is able, by an +accident, to visit this people, by the way of Egypt, and to return to +Europe; he resides at Bologna, where he falls under the suspicion of the +Inquisition, and having been brought before that tribunal, he describes +his former life, and his adventures in the country of the Mezoranians. + +A second London edition of this work, of the date of 1748, is mentioned +in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for Jan. 1777. There is an edition in +12mo., printed at Edinburgh, 1761. And there is another London edition, +in 8vo., of the year 1786. Copies of the editions of 1737 and 1786 are +in the British Museum. + +There are two French translations of the work. One is of the date 1746, +under the title of _Mémoires de Gaudentio di Lucca_. The second, of +1754, by M. Dupuy Demportes, speaks of the first having been made by an +Englishman named _Milts_; but the person and name appear to be +fictitious. The first translation is said by Barbier, _Dict. des +Anonymes_, No. 11,409, to have been revised by the Chevalier de Saint +Germain, who made additions to it of his own invention. The second +translation is reprinted in the collection of _Voyages Imaginaires_, +Amsterdam et Paris, 1787, tom. vi. + +An anonymous writer in the _Gent. Mag._ for Jan. 1777, vol. xlvii., p. +13., speaking of Bishop Berkeley, says that "the _Adventures of Signor +Gaudentio di Lucca_ have been generally attributed to him." The writer +of the note added to the _Life of Berkeley_ in Kippis's _Biogr. Brit._, +1780, vol. ii. p. 261., quotes this statement, and adds that the work is +ascribed to him by the booksellers in their printed catalogues. This +writer thinks that the authorship of Bp. Berkeley is consistent with the +internal evidence of the book but he furnishes no positive testimony on +the subject. {299} + +In a letter from Mr. J.C. Walker to Mr. Pinkerton, of 19 Jan., 1799 +(published in Pinkerton's _Literary Correspondence_, vol. ii., p. 41.), +Lord Charlemont is referred to as believing that Gaudentio di Lucca is +founded in fact; that Bishop Berkeley, when he was at Cairo, conversed +with persons who had attended a caravan, and that he learned from them +what he narrated in the account of Gaudentio. This passage is cited in +Southey's _Common-place Book_, p. 204; but the work is manifestly +fictitious, and it does not appear that Berkeley, though he twice +visited the Continent, was ever out of Europe. + +The date of the publication of Gaudentio is quite consistent with the +authorship of Berkeley, who died in 1753; but the notice in the +_Gentleman's Magazine_ only proves the existence of a rumour to that +effect; and the authentic _Life of Berkeley_, by Dr. Stock, chiefly +drawn up from materials communicated by Dr. R. Berkeley, brother to the +Bishop, and prefixed to the collected edition of his work (2 vols. 4to. +Lond., 1784), makes no allusion to Gaudentio. There is nothing in the +contents of this work which renders it likely that the authorship should +have been carefully concealed by Bp. Berkeley and his family, if he had +really been the author. The literary execution of Gaudentio is good; and +it is probable that the speculative character of the work, and the fact +that Berkeley had visited Italy, suggested the idea that he had composed +it. The belief that Bishop Berkeley was the author of _Gaudentio di +Lucca_ may therefore be considered as unauthorised. + +The copy of the edition of _Gaudentio_ of 1786, which is preserved in +the British Museum, contains in the title-page the following note, in +pencil: + + "Written originally in English by Dr. Swale of Huntingdon. See + _Gent. Mag._ 1786." + +The _Gentleman's Magazine_ for 1786 does not, however, contain any +information about the authorship of _Gaudentio_; and the name of Dr. +Swale appears to be unknown in literary history. At the same time, a +positive entry of this sort, with respect to an obscure person, +doubtless had some foundation. On the authority of this note, Dr. Swale +is registered as the author of Gaudentio in the printed catalogue of the +British Museum Library, whence it has passed into Watt's _Bibl. Brit._ +Perhaps some of your correspondents, who are connected with Huntingdon, +may be able to throw some light on Dr. Swale. + +Lastly, it should be added, that the writer of the article "Berkeley," +in the _Biographic Universelle_, adverts to the fact that _Gaudentio di +Lucca_ has been attributed to him: he proceeds, however, to say that-- + + "The author of a Life of Berkeley affirms that Berkeley is not + the author of that book, which he supposes to have been written + by a Catholic priest imprisoned in the Tower of London." + +I have been unable to trace the origin of this statement; nor do I know +what is the _Life of Berkeley_, to which the writer in the _Biogr. +Univ._ refers. The Life published under the direction of his family +makes no allusion to Gaudentio, or to the belief that it was composed by +Bishop Berkeley. + +The _Encyclopédie Méthodique_, div. "Econ. pol. et dipl." (Paris, 1784), +tom. I. p. 89., mentions the following work:-- + + "La République des Philosophes, ou l'Histoire des Ajaoiens, + relation d'un voyage du Chevalier S. van Doelvett en Orient en + l'an 1674, qui contient la description du Gouvernement, de la + Religion, et des Moeurs des Ajaoiens." + +It is stated that this romance, though composed a century before, had +only been lately published. The editor attributed it to Fontenelle, but +(as the writer in the _Encycl. Méth._ thinks) probably without reason. +The title of Berkeley to the authorship of Gaudentio has doubtless no +better foundation. + +L. + + +[Dunlop, _Hist. Fiction_, iii. 491., speaks of this romance as +"generally, and I believe on good grounds, supposed to be the work of +the celebrated Berkeley;" adding, "we are told, in the life of this +celebrated man, that Plato was his favourite author: and, indeed, of all +English writers Berkeley has most successfully imitated the style and +manner of that philosopher. It is not impossible, therefore, that the +fanciful republic of the Grecian sage may have led Berkeley to write +_Gaudentio di Lucca_, of which the principal object apparently is to +describe a faultless and patriarchal form of governnent." The subject is +a very curious one, and invites the further inquiry of our valued +correspondent.--ED.] + + * * * * * + +ON A PASSAGE IN "THE TEMPEST." + +I was indebted to MR. SINGER for one of the best emendations in the +edition of Shakspeare I superintended (vol. vi. p. 559.), and I have too +much respect for his sagacity and learning to pass, without observation, +his remarks in "NOTES AND QUERIES" (Vol. ii., p. 259.), on the +conclusion of the speech of Ferdinand, in "The Tempest," Act iii., Sc. +1.:-- + + "But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours; + Most busy, least when I do it." + +This is the way in which I ventured to print the passage, depending +mainly upon the old copies. In the folio, 1623, where the play for the +first time appeared, the last line stands: + + "Most busie lest, when I doe it;" + +and in that of 1632, + + "Most busie least, when I doe it:" {300} + +so that the whole merit I claim that of altering the place of a comma, +thereby, as I apprehend, rendering the meaning of the poet evident. The +principle upon which I proceeded throughout was that of making as little +variation as possible from the ancient authorities: upon that principle +I acted in the instance in question, and I frequently found that this +was the surest mode of removing difficulties. I could not easily adduce +a stronger proof of this position, than the six words on which the doubt +at this time has been raised. + +Theobald made an important change in the old text, and his reading has +been that generally adopted:-- + + "Most busy-less when I do it." + +In restoring the old text I had, therefore, to contend with +prepossession, against which, it seems, the Rev. Mr. Dyce was not proof, +although I only know it from MR. SINGER'S letter, never having looked +into the book in which I suppose, the opinion is advanced. + +One reason why I should reject the substitution of "busy-less," even if +I had not a better mode of overcoming the difficulty, is properly +adverted to by MR. SINGER, viz. that the word was not in use in the time +of Shakspeare. The only authority for it, at any period, quoted in +Todd's Johnson, is this very (as I contend) corrupted passage in the +Tempest; I have not met with it at all in any of the older dictionaries +I have been able to consult; and unless the Rev. Mr. Dyce have been more +fortunate, he was a little short-sighted, as well as a little angry, +when he wrote his note upon mine. Had he taken more time to reflect, he +might have found that after all Theobald and I are not so much at odds, +although he arrives at his end by varying from, and I at mine by +adhering to, the ancient authorities. In fact, I gain some confirmation +of what, I believe, is the true meaning of Shakspeare, out of the very +corruption Theobald introduced, and the Rev. Mr. Dyce, to my surprise, +supports. I should have expected him to be the very last man who would +advocate an abandonment of what has been handed down to us in every old +edition of the play. + +The key of the whole speech of Ferdinand is contained in its very +outset:-- + + "There be some sports are painful, and their labour + Delight in them sets off;" + +and the poet has said nearly the same thing in "Macbeth:" + + "The labour we delight in physics pain." + +It is because Ferdinand delights in the labour that he does not feel it +irksome: + + "This my mean task + Would be as heavy to me as odious; but + The mistress which I serve quickens what's dead, + And makes my labours pleasure." + +He, therefore, tells us, at the close, that his labours are refreshed by +the sweet thoughts of her; that, in fact, his toil is no toil, and that +when he is "most busy" he "least does it," and suffers least under it. +The delight he takes in his "mean task" renders it none. + +Such I take to be the clear meaning of the poet, though somewhat +obscurely and paradoxically expressed-- + + "Most busy, least when I do it;" + +and when Theobald proposed to substitute + + "Most busy-less when I do it," + +he saw, though perhaps not quite distinctly, that such was the poet's +intention, only, as I have said above, he arrived at it by altering, and +I by adhering to, the poet's language. I may be allowed to add that I +came to my conclusion many years before I was asked to put my name to an +edition of Shakspeare, which interrupted one of the most valuable +friendships I ever formed. + +MR. SINGER will see at once that my interpretation (which I consider +quite consistent with the character of Shakspeare's mind, as well as +quite consistent with the expressions he has used throughout the speech +of the hero), steers clear of his proposal to alter "busie lest," or +"busie least," of the folios of 1623 and 1632, to _busyest_ or +_busiest_; although everybody at all acquainted with our old language +will agree with him in thinking, that if Shakspeare had used "busiest" +at all, which he does not in any of his productions, he might have said +_most busiest_ without a violation of the constant practice of his day. + +J. PAYNE COLLIER. + +September 24. 1850. + + * * * * * + +GRAY'S ELEGY. + +Perhaps the HERMIT of HOLYPORT will be satisfied with proofs from GRAY +himself as to the time and manner of the first appearance of the +_Elegy_. + +GRAY thus writes to Dr. Wharton, under the date of "Dec. 17, 1750." [I +quote Mason's "Life" of its Author, p. 216.] + + "The stanzas" [which he afterwards called _Elegy_ at the + suggestion of Mason] "which I now enclose to you have had the + misfortune, by _Mr._ [Horace] _Walpole's fault_, to be made + still more public," &c. + +The next letter in Mason's publication is a letter from "Mr. Gray to Mr. +Walpole" (p. 217.), and is dated "_Cambridge, Feb._ 11, 1751," which +runs thus:-- + + "As you have brought me into a little sort of distress, you must + assist me, I believe, to get out of it as well as I can. + Yesterday I had the misfortune of receiving a letter from + certain gentlemen (as their bookseller expresses it) who have + taken the Magazine of Magazines into their hands: they tell me + that an {301} _ingenious_ poem, called 'Reflections in a Country + Church-yard,' has been communicated to them, which they are + printing forthwith; that they are informed that the _excellent_ + author of it is I by name, and that they beg not only his + _indulgence_, but the _honour_ of his correspondence, &c.... I + therefore am obliged to desire you would make Dodsley print it + immediately _from your copy_, but without my name, &c. He must + correct the press himself ... and the title must be 'Elegy + written in a Country Church-yard.' If he would add a line or two + to say it came into his hand by accident, I should like it + better ... If Dodsley do not do this immediately, he may as well + let it alone." + +Dr. Johnson (_Life of Gray_) says: + + "His next production, 1750, was his far-famed _Elegy_," &c. + +The Doctor adds: + + "Several of his [Gray's] pieces were published, 1753, with + designs by Mr. Bentley, and that they might in some form or + other make a book, only one side of each leaf was printed. I + believe the poems and the plates recommended each other so well, + that the whole impression was soon bought." + +It contains _six_ poems, one being the _Elegy_. I have before me a copy +of this collection, which is folio. The plates are clever, and very +curious; a copy was sold at the Fonthill sale for 3l. 4s.! The copy, +admirably bound, which I quote, was bought at a bookseller's +front-window stall for 4s. The title of this collection is "_Designs by +Mr._ R. BENTLEY, _for six poems by Mr._ J. GRAY." + +According to the title-page, it was "printed for R. DODSLEY, in Pall +Mall, MDCCLIII.," two years previously to the date to which your +correspondent refers. This (1753) collection gives the line,-- + + "Save where the beetle wheels his _droning_ flight." + +In the _Elegant Extracts_ (verse), ed. 1805, which, it must be needless +to mention, was prepared by the able and indefatigable Dr. Vicesimus +Knox, the accomplished scholar gives the line-- + + "Save where the beetle wheels his _drony_ flight." + +Dr. Johnson's _Dictionary_ does not insert the word "droning" or +"drony;" but among his Illustrations attached to the verb "to drone," +there are two from Dryden, each, it may be seen, using the word +"droning." There is no quotation containing the word "drony." Gray's +language is: + + "Save where the beetle wheels his _droning_ flight, + And drowsy _tinklings_ lull the distant folds." + +Johnson's second quotation from Dryden may be worth repeating, as +showing that Gray's language is not wholly different from his +predecessor's:-- + + "Melfoil and honeysuckles pound, + With these alluring savours strew the ground, + And mix with _tinkling_ brass the cymbal's _droning_ sound." + +It is perhaps hardly worth noticing, that there is not uniformity even +in the title. Johnson calls it, _Elegy in the Church-yard_; Dodsley +(1753) styles it, _Elegy written in a Country Church-yard_. + +A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD. + + +_Gray's Elegy_ (Vol. ii., p. 264.).--The HERMIT OF HOLYPORT is referred +to the 4to. edit. of the _Works of Gray_, by Thos. Jas. Mathias, in +which, vol. i. at the end of the Elegy, in print, he will find "From the +original in the handwriting of Thos. Gray: + + "'Save where the beetle wheels his _droning_ flight.'" + +From the autograph the Elegy appears to have been written in 1750; and +the margin states, published in Feb. 1751, by Dodsley, and went through +four editions in two months; and afterwards a fifth, sixth, seventh and +eighth, ninth and tenth, and eleventh; printed also in 1753, with Mr. +Bentley's designs, of which there is a second edition; and again by +Dodsley in his _Miscellany_, vol. iv.; and in a Scotch collection, +called the _Union_. Translated into Latin by Chr. Anstey, Esq., and the +Rev. Mr. Roberts, and published in 1762; and again in the same year by +Rob. Lloyd, M.A. The original MS. of the above will be found among the +MSS. of Thos. Gray, in the possession of the Masters and Fellows of +Pembroke House, Cambridge. + +W.S. + +Richmond, Sept 21. 1850 + + * * * * * + +BISHOPS AND THEIR PRECEDENCE. +(Vol. ii., p. 254.) + +Arun is not right, in reference to this Query, in saying that the +precedence of bishops over the temporal barons is regulated by the +statute of 31 Hen. VIII. The precedence of bishops over the temporal +lords is not regulated by the Act of 31 Hen. VIII. for placing the +lords. They may have originally been summoned to sit in parliament in +right of their succession to certain baronial lands annexed to, or +supposed to be annexed to their episcopal sees; but as some of the +temporal peers were also summoned in right of lands held of the king +_per baroniam_, that is not a satisfactory reason why they should take +precedence of temporal barons. + +The precedency must have been regulated by some other laws, rules, or +usage than are presented by the Act of 31 Hen. VIII. The Archbishop of +Canterbury precedes the Lord Chancellor; the Archbishop of York the Lord +President of the Council and the Lord Privy Seal; and all bishops +precede barons. This precedency, however, is not given by the _statute_. +The Act provides only, in reference to the spiritual peers, that the +Vicegerent for good and due ministration of justice, to be had in all +causes and cases touching the ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and for the +godly reformation and redress of all errors, heresies, and abuses in the +{302} Church (and all other persons having grant of the said office), +shall sit and be placed in all parliaments on the _right side_ of the +parliament chamber, and upon the same form that the Archbishop of +Canterbury sitteth on, and above the same archbishop and his successors; +and next to the said Vicegerent shall sit the Archbishop of Canterbury; +and then, next to him, on the same form and side, shall sit the +Archbishop of York; and next to him, on the same form and side, the +Bishop of London; and next to him, on the same side and form, the Bishop +of Durham; and next to him, on the same side and form, the Bishop of +Winchester; and then all the other bishops of both provinces of +Canterbury and York shall sit and be placed on the same side, after +their ancienties, as it hath been accustomed. + +There is nothing here to show in what order they are to rank among the +great officers, or other temporal peers; nor is the precedency given to +the Lord Chancellor over the Archbishop of York. + +By the Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland, the archbishops of +that kingdom have rank immediately after the Archbishop of York, and +therefore before the great officers (excepting only the Lord +Chancellor), as well as above dukes; and the Irish bishops immediately +after those of England. + +It may be rightly stated that the high spiritual rank of the bishops is +a reason for giving them precedence over the temporal lords sitting as +barons; but has that _reason_ been assigned by any writer of authority, +or even any writer upon precedence?--the Query suggested by E. (Vol. +ii., p. 9.) Lord Coke does not assign that reason, but says, because +they hold their bishopricks of the king _per baroniam_. But the holding +_per baroniam_, as before observed, would equally apply to the temporal +lords holding lands by similar tenures, and sitting by writ, and +receiving summons in ancient times in virtue of such their tenure. + +The precedence of bishops over barons was clearly _disputed_ in the +reign of King Henry VI., when Baker says in his _Chronicle_ (p. 204.), +_judgment_ was given for the _lords temporal_; but where the judgment, +or any account of the dispute for precedence, is to be found I cannot +say. That is what your correspondent G. inquired for (Vol. ii., p. 76.). + +C.G. + + +Your correspondent ARUN (Vol. ii., p. 254.) states, on the authority of +Stephen's _Blackstone_, that-- + + "Bishops are temporal barons, and sit in the House of Peers in + right of succession to certain ancient baronies annexed or + supposed to be annexed to their episcopal lands." + +This position, though supported by Lord Coke in more places than one +(see _Coke upon Littleton_, 134. _a, b_; 3 _Inst._ 30.; 4 _Inst._ 44.), +and adopted by most other legal text-writers on his authority, cannot, +it is conceived, be supported. It seems to be clearly ascertained that +bishops sat in the great councils of this and other kingdoms not +_ratione baroniarum_ but _jure ecclesiarum_, by custom, long before the +tenure _per baroniam_ was known. In the preambles to the laws of Ina +(Wilkins' _Leges Ang.-Sax._ f. 14.), of Athelstan (_ib._ 54.), of Edmund +(_ib._ 72.), the bishops are mentioned along with others of the great +council, whilst the tenure _per baroniam_ was not known until after the +Conquest. The truth seems to be that + + "The bishops of the Conqueror's age were entitled to sit in his + councils by the general custom of Europe and by the common law + of England, which the conquest did not overturn."--Hallam's + _Mid. Ag._ 137-8, 9th ed. + +Can any of your readers throw any light on the much disputed tenure _per +baroniam_? What was its essential character, what its incidents, and in +what way did it differ from the ordinary tenure _in capite_? + +BARO. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of his Time_ (Vol. ii., pp. 9. +92.).--This subject receives interesting illustration in the _Memoirs of +Gervas Holles_, who at some length describes the seduction of the Lady +Sheffield, by Leicester, at Belvoir Castle, while attending the Queen on +her Progress. A letter from the Earl to the lady of his love, contained +the suspicious intimation-- + + "_That he had not been unmindful in removing that obstacle_ + which hindered the full fruition of their contentments; that he + had endeavoured one expedient already which had failed, but he + would lay another which he doubted not would hit more sure." + +This letter the Lady Sheffield accidentally dropped from her pocket; and +being picked up and given to the Lord Sheffield by his sister Holles, he +read it with anger and amazement. That night he parted beds, and the +next day houses; meditating in what manner he might take honourable and +just revenge. Having resolved, he posted up to London to effect it; but +the discovery had preceded him to the knowledge of Leicester, who +finding a necessity to be quick, bribed an Italian physician ("whose +name," says Holles, "I have forgotten") in whom Lord Sheffield had great +confidence, to poison him, which was immediately effected after his +arrival in London. Leicester, after cohabiting with the Lady Sheffield +for some time, married the widow of the Earl of Essex, who, it is +thought, says Holles, "_served him in his own kind, every way_." + +In the suit afterwards instituted by Sir Robert Dudley, with the view of +establishing his legitimacy, the Lady Sheffield was examined, and swore +{303} to a private marriage with the Earl of Leicester, but that she had +been prevailed on, by threats and pecuniary largesses, to deny the +marriage, as Queen Elizabeth was desirous that Lord Leicester should +marry the widow of the Earl of Essex. + +One curious circumstance arises out of the revival of these dark doings. +Are the particular drugs employed by Leicester's Italian physician "in +removing obstacles" now known and in operation? By a remarkable +coincidence, in a case of supposed poisoning at Cheltenham, some time +since, the intended victim escaped with the loss of his hair and his +nails. + +H.K.S.C. + + +_What is the correct Prefix of Mayors?_ (Vol. i., p. 380.)--In Leicester +the usage has always been to designate the chief magistrate "The +worshipful the Mayor," which, I believe, is the style used in +_boroughs_. In _cities_, and places _specially privileged_, "Right +worshipful" are the terms employed. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Marks of Cadency_ (Vol. ii., p. 248.).--The label of the Prince of +Wales has, from the time of Edward III. up to the present time, been of +three points argent, and _not_ charged. + +F.E. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Although we do not usually record in our columns the losses which +literature sustains from time to time, we cannot permit the death of +Thomas Amyot, the learned Director of the Camden Society, and for so +many years the Treasurer of the Society of Antiquaries, to pass without +rendering our grateful tribute to the memory of one of the most +intelligent and kindest-hearted men that ever breathed; from whom we, in +common with so many others, when entering on our literary career, +received the most friendly assistance, and the most encouraging +sympathy. + +Every fifty years commences a discussion of the great question when the +current century, or half century, properly begins. We have just seen +this in the numerous Queries, Answers, Replies, and Rejoinders upon the +subject which have appeared in the columns of the daily and weekly +press; the only regular treatise being the essay upon _Ancient and +Modern Usage in Reckoning_, by professor De Morgan, in the _Companion to +the Almanack_ for the present year. This Essay is opposed to the idea of +a "zero year," and one of the advocates of that system of computation +has, therefore, undertaken a defence of the zero principle, which he +pronounces, "when properly understood, is undoubtedly the most correct +basis of reckoning," in a small volume entitled, _An Examination of the +Century Question_, and in which he maintains the point for which he is +contending with considerable learning and ingenuity. All who are +interested in the question at issue, will be at once amused and +instructed by it. + +Mr. Charles Knight announces a new edition of his _Pictorial +Shakespeare_ under the title of the National Edition; to contain the +whole of the Notes, Illustrations, &c., thoroughly revised; and which, +while it will be printed in a clear and beautiful type across the page, +and not in double columns, will have the advantage of being much cheaper +than the edition which he originally put forth. + +_The Declaration of the Fathers of the Councell of Trent concerning the +going into Churches at such Times as Hereticall Service is said or +Heresy preached, &c._, is a reprint of a very rare tract, which +possesses some present interest, as it bears upon the statement which +has been of late years much insisted on by Mr. Perceval and other +Anglican controversialists, that for the first twelve years of +Elizabeth's reign, and until Pius V.'s celebrated Bull, _Regnans in +Excelsis_, the Roman Catholics of England were in the habit of +frequenting the Reformed worship. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--W.S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham +House, Westminster Road) Sixty-first Catalogue of English and Foreign +Second-hand Books; W.D. Reeve's (98. Chancery Lane) Catalogue No. 13. of +Cheap Books, many Rare and Curious; R. Kimpton's (31. Wardour Street, +Soho) Catalogue No. 29. of Second-hand Books in good Condition at very +reduced Prices. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY POLL-BOOKS FOR 1780, 1784, 1790, and + 1829. + +OXFORD UNIVERSITY POLL-BOOKS for 1750, 1768, 1806. + +BEN JONSON by CLIFFORD. 8vo. Vols. II., III., and IV. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with Title-page and very copious +Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by +order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen._ + +_We are unavoidably compelled to postpone numerous NOTES, QUERIES, AND +REPLIES: indeed we see no way of clearing off our accumulation of +REPLIES without the publication of an extra Number, to be devoted +exclusively to the numerous Answers which we now have waiting for +insertion._ + +GUTCH'S Literary and Scientific Regsiter and Almanack, _advertised in +our last No., is for_ 1851 _not_ 1850. + +Mr. G.B. RICHARDSON _would oblige us by forwarding the additional verses +of_ "Long Lonkin" _for our correspondent_ SELEUCUS. + +A CONSTANT SUBSCRIBER _will find the line_, + + "Music hath charms to soothe the savage breast," + +_in Congreve's_ Mourning Bride. + +JANUS DOUSA. _In our next No._ + +MEDICUS, _who inquires respecting the origin of the proverbial saying, +"Quem Deus vult perdere," is referred to our First Volume_, pp. 347. +351. 421. and 476. _The original line reads "Quem Jupiter vult," and is +Barnes' translation of a fragment of_ Euripides. {304} + + * * * * * + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, +No. CLXXIV., is published THIS DAY. + +CONTENTS: + I. TICKNOR'S HISTORY OF SPANISH LITERATURE. + II. CHURCH AND EDUCATION IN WALES. + III. FORMS OF SALUTATION. + IV. SIBERIA AND CALIFORNIA. + V. MURE ON THE LITERATURE OF GREECE. + VI. METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY. + VII. ANECDOTES OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT. +VIII. COCHRANES'S YOUNG ITALY. + IX. LAST DAY OF LOUIS-PHILIPPE. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + +Will be published on the 1st of November, 1850, with the other +Almanacks, + +THE LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC REGISTER AND ALMANACK for 1851. Price 3s. +6d. + +Dedicated by especial permission to H.R.H. Prince Albert, by J.W.G. +GUTCH, M.R.C.S.L., F.L.S.; + +Containing a condensed mass of scientific and useful information alike +valuable to the student and man of science. + +Tenth Yearly issue. + +Published by D. BOGUE, Fleet Street, London + + * * * * * + +Shortly will be Published. + +THE ARCHITECTURAL QUARTERLY REVIEW. A Literary Periodical devoted to +Works appertaining to the Art and Science of Architecture. Prospectuses +may be obtained from the Publisher. Letters for the Editor, and books, +drawings, models, and specimens, to be addressed to the care of the +Publisher. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Royal 4to., cloth, price 2l. 2s. + +EXAMPLES OF ANCIENT PULPITS EXISTING IN ENGLAND. Selected and drawn from +Sketches and Measurements taken on the Spot, with Descriptive +Letterpress. By FRANCIS T. DOLLMAN, Architect. + +This Work contains thirty quarto Plates, three of which are highly +finished in Colours, restored accurately from the existing indications. +The Pulpits delineated are St. Westburga, Chester: SS. Peter and Paul, +Shrewsbury; St. Michael, Coventry; St. Mary, Wendon; St. Mary and All +Saints, Fotheringay; All Saints, North Cerney; Holy Trinity, Nallsea; +St. Peter Winchcombe; St. John Baptist, Cirencester; St. Mary, Totness; +St. Mary, Frampton. Holy Trinity, Old Aston; St. Benedict, Glastonbury; +St. Peter, Wolverhampton: St. Andrew, Cheddar (coloured); St. Andrew, +Banwell; St. George, Brakworth; Holy Trinity, Long Sutton (coloured); +St. Saviour, Dartmouth (coloured); All Saints, Sudbury; All Saints, +Hawstead; St. Mary de Lode, Gloucester; St. Mary, North Petherton. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +To be completed in Four Parts, Parts I. and II., price 5s. each plain; +7s. 6d. coloured. + +ANTIQUARIAN GLEANINGS IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND: being Examples of Antique +Furniture, Plate, Church Decoration, Objects of Historical Interest, &c. +Drawn and etched by W.B. SCOTT. + +"A collection of antiquarian relics, chiefly in the decorative branch of +art, preserved in the northern counties, portrayed by a very competent +hand ... All are drawn with that distinctness which makes them available +for the antiquarian, for the artist who is studying costume, and for the +study of decorative art."--_Spectator._ + +Parts III. and IV., completing the Work, are in preparation, and will be +published shortly. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, +No CLXXXVIII., will be publishd on THURSDAY, +October 10th, 1850. + + I. HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. + II. THE UNITED STATES. + III. BRITISH MUSEUM: CATALOGUE OF PRINTED BOOKS. + IV. MURE'S CRITICAL HISTORY OF THE LANGUAGE + AND LITERATURE OF ANTIENT GREECE. + V. COL. CHESNEY'S EXPEDITION TO THE EUPHRATES AND TIGRIS. + VI. RECENT CLASSICAL ROMANCES. +VIII. DIFFICULTIES OF REPLUBLICAN FRANCE. + IX. HORACE AND TASSO. + +London: LONGMAN AND CO. Edinburgh: A. and C. BLACK. + + * * * * * + +MR. L.A. LEWIS'S SALES for OCTOBER, 1850, FRIDAY 11TH., and SATURDAY +12th. Valuable Books, Architechural Books, Books of Prints, &c., from +the West of England, including Stuart and Revett's Antiquities of +Athens, 4 vols.; unedited Antiuities of Attica; Piranesi Campus Martius +Antiqua Orbis; Houghton Gallery, 2 vols; Bowyer's Hume's England; +Rogers' Collection of Prints, 2 vols.; Knorr, Deliciæ Naturæ Selectæ, 2 +vols.; Tableaux Historiques de la Révolution Française, 2 vols.; Stow's +London, by Strype, 2 vols.; Domesday Book, 2 vols.; Edmondson's +Heraldry, 2 vols.; Illustrated London News, 11 vols.; Encyclopædia +Metropolitana, 29 vols.; Neale's Gentlemen's Seats, 6 vols.; Loddiges' +Botanical Cabinet, 10 vols., large paper; Maund's Botanic Garden, 9 +vols.; Sweet's Geraniums, 5 vols.; Beauties of England and Wales, 32 +vols.; Hogarth's Works, 3 vols., red morocco; Knight's London, 6 vols.; +Retrospective Review, 14 vols.; Bayle, Dictionnaire Historique, 16 +vols.; Lodge's Illustrious Portraits, 10 vols.; Knight's Pictorial +Bible, 3 vols.; Clarke's Commentary on the Bible, 6 vols.; a few +Pictures and Prints, &c. + +FRIDAY, 18TH, AND SATURDAY, 19TH.--Books, including the stock of the +late Mr. C. Whiten. + +FRIDAY, 25TH,--Pictures, Prints, Books, Stereotype Plates, Copyrights, +Books in Quires, &c. + +Mr. C.A. Lewis will have Sales on each Friday in November and December. + +125. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Just published, Part 9, price 9s., plain; Tinted, small paper, 10s. 6d.; +Proof, large paper, 12s. + +THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE AGES: or, Select Specimens of Early and +Middle Pointed Structures; with a few of the pures; Late Pointed +Examples, Illustrated by Geometric and Perspective Drawings. By HENRY +BOWMAN and J.S. CROWTHER, Architects. Containing Illustrations of St. +Peter's Church, Thrukingham, Norfolk; St. John's, Cley, Norfolk; and St. +Andrew's, Heckington, Lincolnshire. + +To be completed in Twenty Parts, each containing Six Plates, Imperial +folio. Issued at intervals of two months. + +"Ewerby is a magnficent specimen of a Flowing Middle-Pointed Church. it +is most perfectly measured and described: one can follow the most +rcondite beauties of the construction, mouldings and joints, in these +Plates, almost as well as in the original structure. Such a monograph as +this will be of incalculable value to the architects of our Colonies or +the United States, who have no means of access to ancient churches. The +Plates are on stone, done with remarkable skill and distinctness. Of +Heckington we can only say that the perspective view from the south-east +presents a very vision of beauty; we can hardle conceive anything more +perfect. We heartlily recommend this series to all who are able to +patronize it."--_Ecclesiologist_, Oct. 1849. + +"This, if completed in a similar manner to the Parts now out, will be a +beautiful and valuable work. The perspective of St. Andrew's, +Heckington, is a charming specimen of lithography, by Hawkins. We +unhesitatingly recommend Messrs. Bowman and Crowther's work to our +readers, as likely to be useful to them."--_Builder_. + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, October 5. 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 49, +Saturday, Oct. 5, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13480 *** diff --git a/13480-h/13480-h.htm b/13480-h/13480-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a32a8b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/13480-h/13480-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1949 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta name="generator" content= +"HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st March 2004), see www.w3.org" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content= +"text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> +<title>Notes And Queries, Issue 49.</title> + +<style type="text/css"> + + /*<![CDATA[*/ + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.adverts {width: 100%; height: 5px; color: black;} + html>body hr.adverts {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.short {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.short {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + + + .note, .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; + font-size: 0.9em;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; + text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 6em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 8em;} + .poem p.i10 {margin-left: 10em;} + .poem .caesura {vertical-align: -200%;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; + font-size: 8pt;} + + p.author {text-align: right;} + --> + /*]]>*/ +</style> +</head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13480 ***</div> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page289" name= +"page289"></a>{289}</span> +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left" width="25%"><b>No. 49.</b></td> +<td align="center" width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, OCTOBER 5, +1850</b></td> +<td align="right" width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> +<table summary="Contents" align="center"> +<tr> +<td align="left">NOTES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Stray Notes on Cunningham's London</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page289">289</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Satirical Song upon Villiers Duke of Buckingham, +by Dr. Rimbault</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page291">291</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Baker's Notes on Author of "Whole Duty of Man," by +Rev. J.E.B. Mayor</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page292">292</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Mistake about George Wither, by Dr. Rimbault</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page293">293</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Useful <i>v.</i> Useless Learning</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page293">293</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Notes:—Numerals—Junius and Sir +P. Francis—Jews under the Commonwealth—"Is any thing +but," &c.—Fastitocalon</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page294">294</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Bishop Cosin's Conference</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page295">295</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Engleman's "Bibliotheca Scriptorum Classicorum," +by Professor De Morgan</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page296">296</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Queries:—Portrait of Sir P. +Sidney—Confession—Scotch Prisoners at +Worcester—Adamson's Edward II.—Sir Thomas +Moore—Dr. E. Cleaver—Gwyan's +London—Coronet—Cinderella—Judas' Bell—Dozen +of Bread—Kings Skuggsia—Coins of +Gandophares—Satirical Medals</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page296">296</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Gaudentio di Lucca</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page298">298</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">On a Passage in the Tempest, by J. Payne +Collier</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page299">299</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Gray's Elegy</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page300">300</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Bishops and their Precedence</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page301">301</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Replies to Minor Queries:—Leicester and the +reputed Poisoners of his Time—What is the correct Prefix of +Mayors—Marks of Cadency</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page302">302</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page303">303</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes Wanted</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page303">303</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page303">303</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Advertisments</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page304">304</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>NOTES.</h2> +<h3>STRAY NOTES ON CUNNINGHAM'S LONDON.</h3> +<p>The following notes are so trivial, that I should have scrupled +to send them on any other ground than that so well-conceived and +labouriously-executed a work should have its most minute and +unimportant details as correct as possible. This, in such a work, +can only be effected by each reader pointing out the circumstances +that he has reason to believe are not quite correctly or completely +given in it.</p> +<p>Page 24. <i>Astronomical Society.</i>—The library has been +recently augmented by the incorporation with it of the books and +documents (as well as the members) of the <i>Mathematical Society +of London</i> (Spitalfields). It contains the most complete +collection of the English mathematical works of the last century +known to exist. A friend, who has examined them with some care, +specifies particularly some of the tracts published in the +controversy raised by Bishop Berkeley respecting "the ghosts of +departed quantities," of which he did before know the +existence.</p> +<p>The instruments to which Mr. Cunningham refers as bequeathed to +the Society, are not used there, nor yet allowed to lie unused. +They are placed in the care of active practical observers, +according as the special character of the instruments and the +special subjects to which each observer more immediately devotes +his attention, shall render the assignment of the instrument +expedient. The instruments, however, still remain the property of +the Society.</p> +<p>P. 37. <i>Bath House.</i>—Date omitted.</p> +<p>P. 143.—Evan's Hotel, Covent Garden, is described as +having been once the residence of "James West, the great collector +of books, &c., and <i>President of the Royal Society</i>." +There has certainly never been a President, or even a Secretary, of +that name. However, it is just possible that there might have been +a Vice-president so named (as these are chosen by the President +from the members of the council, and the council has not always +been composed of men of science): but even this is somewhat +doubtful.</p> +<p>P. 143. <i>Covent Garden Theatre.</i>—No future account of +this theatre will be complete without the facts connected with the +ill-starred Delafield; just as, into the Olympic, the history of +the defaulter Watts, of the Globe Assurance Office, must also +enter.</p> +<p>P. 143. near top of col. 2. "Heigho! says Kemble."—Before +this period, a variation of the <i>rigmarole</i> upon which this is +founded had become poplular, from the humour of Liston's singing at +Sadler's Wells. I have a copy of the music and the words; +altogether identical with those in the music. Of these, with other +matters connected with the <span class="pagenum"><a name="page290" +id="page290"></a>{290}</span> amorous frog, I shall have something +more to say hereafter. This notice is to be considered incidental, +rather than as referring expressly to Mr. Cunningham's valuable +book.</p> +<p>P. 153. <i>Deans Yard, Westminster.</i>—Several of the +annual budgets of abuse, obscenity, and impudent imposture, bearing +on their title-pages various names, but written by "John Gadbury, +Student in Physic and Astrology," were dated from "my house, Brick +Court, Dean's Yard, Westminster;" or this slightly varied, +occasionally being, "Brick Court, <i>near</i> the Dean's Yard," +&c. I have not seen a complete series of Gadbury's +<i>Almanacks</i>, but those I refer to range from 1688 to 1694 +(incomplete). His burial in St. Margaret's, Westminster, in 1704, +is noticed by Mr. Cunningham, at p. 313. As brick was then only +used in the more costly class of domestic buildings, this would +seem to indicate that <i>prophecy</i> was then a lucrative trade; +and that the successor and pupil of the "arch-rogue, William Lilly" +was quite as fortunate in his speculations as his master had been. +It is a truth as old as society itself, that "knaves grow rich +while honest men starve." Whilst Gadbury was "wallowing in plenty," +the author of <i>Hudibras</i> was perishing for want of a +crust!</p> +<p>P. 153. <i>Denzil Street.</i>—Here, about the middle of +the street, on the south side, lived Theophilus Holdred, a jobbing +watchmaker, whose name will always hold a place in one department +of mathematical history. He discovered a method of approximating to +the roots of numerical equations, of considerable ingenuity. He, +however, lost in his day and generation the reputation that was +really due to him for it, by his laying claim to more than he had +effected, and seeking to deprive other and more gifted men of the +reputation due to a more perfect solution of the same problem. He +was, indeed, brought before the public as the tool of a faction; +and, as the tools of faction generally are, he was sacrificed by +his own supporters when he was no longer of any use to them.</p> +<p>I once called upon him, in company with Professor Leyburn, of +the Royal Military College, but I forget whether in 1829 or 1830. +We found him at his bench—a plain, elderly, and heavy-looking +personage. He seemed to have become "shy" of our class, and some +time and some address were requisite to get him to speak with any +freedom: but ultimately we placed him at his ease, and he spoke +freely. We left him with the conviction that he was the +<i>bonâ fide</i> discoverer of his own method; and that he +had no distinct conception, even then, of the principle of the +methods which he had been led by his friends to claim, of having +<i>also</i> discovered <i>Horner's</i> process before Horner +himself had published it. He did not (ten years after the +publication of Horner's method) even then understand it. He +understood his own perfectly, and I have not the slightest doubt of +the correctness of his own statement, of its having been discovered +by him fifty years before.</p> +<p>P. 166. <i>Dulwich Gallery.</i>—This is amongst the +unfortunate consequences of taking lists upon trust. Poor Tom +Hurst<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href= +"#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> has not been in the churchyard these +last eight years—except the three last in his grave. The last +five years of his life were spent in a comfortable asylum, as "a +poor brother of the Charterhouse." He was one of the victims of the +"panic of 1825;" and though the spirit of speculation never left +him, he always failed to recover his position. He is referred to +here, however, to call Mr. Cunningham's attention to the necessity, +in a <i>Hand-book</i> especially, of referring his readers +correctly to the places at which <i>tickets</i> are to be obtained +for any purpose whatever. It discourages the visitor to London when +he is thus "sent upon a fool's errand;" and the Cockney himself is +not in quite so good a humour with the author for being sent a few +steps out of his way.</p> +<p>P. 190. <i>Rogers</i>—a Cockney by inference. I +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page291" id= +"page291"></a>{291}</span> should like to see this more decidedly +established. I am aware that it is distinctly so stated by Chambers +and by Wilkinson; but a remark once made to me by Mrs. Glendinning +(the wife of Glendinning, the printer, of Hatton Garden) still +leads me to press the inquiry.</p> +<p>P. 191.—<i>The Free Trade Club</i> was dissolved before +the publication of this edition of the <i>Handbook</i>.</p> +<p>P. 192.—And to Sir John Herschel, on his return from the +Cape of Good Hope.</p> +<p>P. 210. <i>Royal Society.</i>—From a letter of Dr. Charles +Hutton, in the <i>Newcastle Magazine</i> (vol. i. 2nd series), it +appears that at the time of Dr. Dodd's execution the Fellows were +in the habit of adjourning, after the meetings, to Slaughter's +Coffee House, "to eat oysters," &c. The celebrated John Hunter, +who had attempted to resuscitate the ill-fated Doctor, was one of +them. "The Royal Society Club" was instituted by Sir Joseph +Banks.</p> +<p>P. 221. <i>Hanover Square.</i>—Blank date.</p> +<p>P. 337. <i>Millbank Prison.</i>—It was designed, not by +"Jeremy Bentham," but by his brother, the great mechanist, Sir +Samuel Bentham. In passing, it may be remarked that the Royal +Military Academy, Woolwich, is constructed on the same principle, +and, as was stated in the <i>Mechanics' Magazine</i>, on authority, +a year or two ago, by the same engineer. General rumour has, +however, attributed the design to his gracious Majesty George III; +and its being so closely in keeping with the known spirit of +<i>espionage</i> of that monarch certainly gave countenance to the +rumour. It may be as well to state, however, that, so designed and +so built, it has never yet been so used.</p> +<p>P. 428.—<i>Benbow</i>, not a native of Wapping, but of +Shrewsbury. A life of him was published nearly forty years ago, by +that veteran of local and county history, Mr. Charles Hulbert, in +the <i>Salopian Magazine</i>.</p> +<p>P. 499. <i>Whitfield.</i>—Certainly not the founder of the +Methodists, in the ordinary or recognised acceptation of the term. +John Wesley was at the head of that movement from the very first, +and George Whitfield and Charles Wesley were altogether subordinate +to him. Wesley and Whitfield parted company on the ground of +Arminianism <i>versus</i> Calvinism. For a while the two sects kept +the titles of "Arminian Methodists" and "Calvinistic Methodists." +The latter made but little ground afterwards, and the distinctive +adjective was dropped by the Wesleyans when the Whitfieldites had +ceased to be a prominent body.</p> +<p>P. 515. <i>Doctor Dodd.</i>—The great interest excited in +favour of a commutation of his sentence, led to the belief at the +time, that his life had not been really sacrificed. Many plausible +stories respecting the Doctor having been subsequently seen alive, +were current; and as they may possibly in some future age be +revived, and again pass into general currency, it may be as well to +state that the most positive evidence to the contrary exists, in a +letter of Dr. Hutton's before referred to. The <i>attempt to +resuscitate him was actually made</i>, by a no less distinguished +surgeon than John Hunter. He seemed then to attribute the failure +to his having <i>received the body too late</i>. Wonderful effects +were at that time expected to result from the discovery of +galvanism; but it would have been wonderful indeed if any +restoration had taken place after more than two hours of suspended +animation. John Hunter, according to the account, does not seem to +have been very communicative on the subject, even to his +philosophical friends at Slaughter's Oyster Rooms.</p> +<p class="author">T.S.D.</p> +<p>Shooter's Hill.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name= +"footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag1">(return)</a> +<p>It may not be out of place here to mention one fine feature in +the character of "Tom Hurst;" his deep reverence for men of +ability, whether in literature, science, or art. Take one +instance:</p> +<p>Fourteen or fifteen years ago, I called one morning at his place +of business (then 65. St. Paul's Church Yard, which has been +subsequently absorbed into the "Religious Tract Depository"); and, +as was my custom, I walked through the shop to his private room. He +was "not in;" but a gentleman, who first looked at me and then at a +portrait of me on the wall, accosted me by my surname as familiarly +as an intimate acquaintance of twenty years would have done. He and +Hurst, it appeared, had been speaking of me, suggested by the +picture, before Hurst went out. The familiar stranger did not keep +me long in suspense—he intimated that I had "probably heard +our friend speak of Ben Haydon." Of course I had; and we soon got +into an easy chat. Hurst was naturally a common subject with us. +Amongst the remarks he made were the following, and in almost the +words:—</p> +<p>"When my troubles came on, I owed Hurst a large sum of money; +and the circumstances under which I became his debtor rendered this +peculiarly a debt of honour. He lent it me when he could ill spare +it; yet he is the only one of all my creditors who has not in one +way or other persecuted me to the present hour. When he first knew +of my wreck, he called upon me—<i>not to reproach but to +encourage me</i>—and he would not leave me till he felt sure +that he had changed the moody current of my thoughts. If there be +any change in him since then, it is in his increased kindness of +manner and his assiduity to serve me. He is now gone out to try to +sell 'a bit of daub' for me."</p> +<p>Hurst came in, and this conversation dropped; but it had been +well had Hurst been by his side on the day his last picture was +opened to view at the Egyptian Hall. The catastrophe of that night +might have been averted, notwithstanding Mr. Barnum and his Tom +Thumb show in the adjoining room.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<h3>SATIRICAL SONG UPON GEORGE VILLIERS, DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM.</h3> +<p>In turning over some old bundles of papers of the early part of +the seventeenth century, I met with the following satirical +effusion upon "James's infamous prime minister," George Villiers, +Duke of Buckingham. As an echo of the popular feelings of the +people at the time it was written, it merits preservation; and +although I have seen other manuscript copies of the ballad, it has +never yet, as far as I can learn, appeared in print.</p> +<p>It appears to be a parody or paraphrase of a well-known ballad +of the period, the burden of which attracted the notice of the +satirist. It afterwards became a common vehicle of derision during +the civil war, as may be seen by turning over the pages of the +collection entitled <i>Rump Songs</i>, and the folio volumes of the +king's pamphlets.</p> +<p>The <i>original</i> of these parodies has hitherto eluded my +researches. It is not among the Pepysian, Roxburghe, Wood, or Douce +ballads, but perhaps some of your readers may be able to point it +out in some public or private collection.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Come heare, Lady Muses, and help mee to sing,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>Of a duke that deserves to be made a king—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Our Buckingham Duke is the man that I meane,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>On his shoulders the weale of the kingdome doth leane—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"O happiest kingdome that ever was kind,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>And happie the king that hath such a friend—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page292" id= +"page292"></a>{292}</span></div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Needs must I extoll his worth and his blood—</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>And his sweet disposition soe milde and soe good—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Those innocent smiles that embelish his face,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>Who sees them not tokens of goodness and grace—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And what other scholler could ever arise,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>From a master that was soe sincere and wise—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Who is hee could now from his grave but ascend,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>Would surely the truth of his service commend—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"The king understands how he honors his place,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love me where I lay;</p> +<p>Which is to his majestie noe little grace—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And therefore the government justly hath hee,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>Of horse for the land, and shipps for the sea—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"What, though our fleet be our enemies debtor,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>Wee brav'd them once, and wee'l brave them better—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And should they land heere they should bee disjointed,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>And find both our horse and men bravely appointed—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Then let us sing all of this nobel duke's praise,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>And pray for the length of his life and his daies—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And when that death shall close up his eyes,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>God take him up into the skies—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>"WHOLE DUTY OF MAN," AUTHOR OF.</h3> +<h4>(From Baker's MSS, vol. xxxv. p. 469-470. Cambridge University +Library.)</h4> +<blockquote> +<p>"Octo'r 31. 1698. Mr. Thomas Caulton, Vicar of Worksop, &c. +[as in the note p. xiii. to the editor's Preface, ed. 1842, with +unimportant variations, such as <i>Madam Frances Heathcote</i>, +where the printed copy has <i>Mrs. Heathcote</i>; Baker reads +<i>Madam Ayre of Rampton after dinner took</i>, where the printed +copy has, <i>Mrs. Eyre</i>. After <i>was dead</i>, follows in +Baker,] and that in that Month she had buried her Husband and +severall Relations, but that her comfort was, that by her Monthly +Sacraments she participated still with them in the Communion of +Saints.</p> +<p>"Then she went to her Closet, and fetched out a Manuscript, w'ch +she said was the original of the <i>Whole Duty of Man</i>, tied +together and stitched, in 8'vo, like Sermon notes. She untied it, +saying, it was Dr. Fell's Correction and that the Author was the +Lady Packington (her Mother), in whose hand it was written.</p> +<p>"To prove this, the s'd Mr. Caulton further added that she said, +she had shewn it to Dr. Covell, Master of Christ's College<a id= +"footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href= +"#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> in Cambridge, Dr. Stamford, Preb. of +York, and Mr. Banks the present Incumbent of the Great Church in +Hull. She added, withall, that <i>The Decay of Christian Piety</i> +was hers (The Lady Packington's) also, but disowned any of the rest +to be her Mother's.</p> +<p>"This is a true Copy of what I wrote, from Mr. Caulton's Mouth, +two days before his Decease.</p> +<p>"Witness my hand,</p> +<p>"Nov. 15. 98.</p> +<p>"JOHN HEWYT."</p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>"Bp. Fell tells us, that all these Tracts were written by the +excellent Author (whom he makes to be one and the same person) at +severall times, as y'e exigence of the Church, and the benefit of +soules directed y'r composures; and that he (the Author) did +likewise publish them apart, in the same order as they were made. +The last, it seems (w'ch is <i>The Lively Oracles</i>), came out in +1678, the very year Dr. Woodhead died. Had the Author liv'd longer, +we should have had his Tract <i>Of the Government of the +Thoughts</i>, a work he had undertaken; and certainly (as Bp. Fell +hath told us), had this work been finished, 'twould have equall'd, +if not excelled, whatever that inimitable hand had formerly wrote. +Withall it may be observ'd, that the Author of these Tracts speaks +of the great Pestilence, and of the great Fire of London, both w'ch +happen'd after the Restoration, whereas Bp. Chappell died in 1649. +And further, in sect. vii. of the <i>Lively Oracles</i>, n. 2., are +these words, w'ch I think cannot agree to Bp. Chappell [and less to +Mr. Woodhead]. <i>I would not be hasty in charging Idolatry upon +the Church of Rome, or all in her Communion; but that their +Image-Worship is a most futall snare, in w'ch vast numbers of +unhappy Souls are taken, no Man can doubt, who hath with any Regard +travailed in Popish Countries: I myself, and thousands of others, +whom the late troubles, or other occasions, sent abroad, are, and +have been witnesses thereof</i>. <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page293" id="page293"></a>{293}</span> These words seem to have +been spoke by one that had been at Rome, and was forced into those +Countries after the troubles broke out here. But as for Chappell, +he never was at Rome, nor in any of those Countries.</p> +<p>"As for Archbp. Stern, no Man will believe him to have any just +Title to any of these Tracts. [The last Passage concerning +idolatry, will not agree with Mr. Woodhead, nor the rest with Lady +Packington.]</p> +<p>"In a letter from Mr. Hearne, dat. Oxon, Mar. 27, 1733, said by +Dr. Clavering, Bp. of Petr. to be wrote by one Mr. Basket, a +Clergyman of Worcestershire. See Dr. Hamond's <i>Letters</i> +published by Mr. Peck, et ultra Quære."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>On so disputed a point as the authorship of the <i>Whole Duty of +Man</i>, your readers will probably welcome any discussion by one +so competent to form an opinion in such matters as Hearne.</p> +<p>The letter above given was unknown to the editor of Mr. +Pickering's edition.</p> +<p class="author">J.E.B. MAYOR.</p> +<p>Marlborough College.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2" name= +"footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag2">(return)</a> +<p>The printed copy has <i>Trinity</i> College.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<h3>MISTAKE ABOUT GEORGE WITHER.</h3> +<p>In Campbell's <i>Notices of the British Poets</i> (edit. 1848 p. +234.) is the following, passage from the short memoir of George +Wither:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"He was even afraid of being put to some mechanical trade, when +he contrived to get to London, and with great simplicity had +proposed to try his fortune at court. To his astonishment, however, +he found that it was necessary to flatter in order to be a +courtier. To show his independence, he therefore wrote his +<i>Abuses Whipt and Stript</i>, and, instead of rising at court, +was committed for some months to the Marshalsea."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The author adds a note to this passage, to which Mr. Peter +Cunningham (the editor of the edition to which I refer) appends the +remark inclosed between brackets:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"He was imprisoned for his <i>Abuses Whipt and Stript</i>; yet +this could not have been his first offence, as an allusion is made +to a former accusation. [It was for <i>The Scourge</i> (1615) that +his first known imprisonment took place.]"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I cannot discover upon any authority sufficient ground for Mr. +Campbell's note resecting a <i>former</i> accusation against +Wither. He was undoubtedly imprisoned for his <i>Abuses Whipt and +Stript</i>, which first appeared in print in 1613, but I do not +think an <i>earlier</i> offence can be proved against him. It has +been supposed, upon the authority of a passage in the <i>Warning +Piece to London</i>, that the first edition of this curious work +appeared in 1611; but I am inclined to think that the +lines,—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"In sixteen hundred ten and one,</p> +<p>I notice took of public crimes,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>refers to the period at which the "Satirical Essays" were +<i>composed</i>. Mr. Willmott, however (<i>Lives of the Sacred +Poets</i>, p. 72.), thinks that they point to an earlier +publication. But it is not likely that Wither would so soon again +have committed himself by the publication of the <i>Abuses</i> in +1613, if he had suffered for his "liberty of speech" so shortly +before.</p> +<p>Mr. Cunningham's addition to Mr. Campbell's note is incorrect. +The <i>Scourge</i> is part of the <i>Abuses Whipt and Stript</i> +printed in 1613 (a copy of which is now before me), to which it +forms a postscript. Wood, who had never seen it, speaks of it as a +<i>separate</i> publication; but Mr. Willmott has corrected this +error, although he had only the means of referring to the edition +of the <i>Abuses</i> printed in 1615. Mr. Cunningham's note, that +Wither was imprisoned for the <i>Scourge</i> in 1615, is a mistake; +made, probably, by a too hasty perusal of Mr. Willmott's charming +little volume on our elder sacred poets.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>USEFUL VERSUS USELESS LEARNING</h3> +<p>A single and practical plan for the formation of a complete and +useful library and <i>respository</i> of <i>universal</i> literary +knowledge.</p> +<p>The design which I propose in the following few lines, is one +which I should imagine nearly all the more learned and literary of +your readers would <i>wish</i> to see <i>already in existence</i> +and when I show that it might be effected <i>with very little +trouble and expense</i> (indeed <i>no</i> trouble but such as would +be a <i>pleasure</i> to those interested in the work), and that the +greatest advantage would follow from it,—I hope that it may +meet with favourable consideration from some of the numerous, able, +and influential readers and correspondents of your journal.</p> +<p>I am the more induced to hope this from the fact of such a wish +having been partially expressed by some of your contributors, and +the excellent leading articles of Nos. 1 and 2.</p> +<p>What I propose is simply this: the SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT of +<i>all</i> the existing literary knowledge in the world that is +considered <i>of value</i> by those best qualified to judge, +disposed in such a manner as to answer these two purposes: 1st, to +give a general connected and classified <i>view</i> of the literary +treasures of the whole world, beginning from the most ancient in +each language and department (including only what is valuable in +each); and, 2dly, to afford the greatest possible <i>facility</i> +(by means of arrangement, references and <i>indexes</i>) to every +inquirer for finding <i>at once</i> the information he is in search +of, if it is to be found <i>anywhere</i> by looking for it.</p> +<p>There are two ways in which this work might be accomplished, +both of which were desirable, though even one only would be much +better than none.</p> +<p>The first and most complete is, to make a real COLLECTION of all +those works, arranged in the <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page294" id="page294"></a>{294}</span> most perfect systematic +order; and, while doing so, to make at the same time a +corresponding classified <i>Catalogue</i>.</p> +<p>The chief (and almost the only) <i>difficulty</i> in the way of +this would be, to find a <i>room</i> (or suite of rooms) to contain +such a library and repository; but such would probably be found if +sought.</p> +<p>The other way in which this object might be attained is by the +formation of a simple CATALOGUE in the same order, such as does +already exist and lies open for public use (though only in +manuscript, and not so accurately classified as might be) in the +noble library of the Dublin University.</p> +<p>This plan would be <i>far easier</i> than (besides forming the +best possible <i>basis</i> for) that so urgently advocated by MR. +BOLTON CORNEY (Vol. i. pp. 9, 42, 43.).</p> +<p>Of course so extensive a design would require to be distributed +among many hundred persons; but so does any great work: while, by +each individual undertaking that department in which he is most +interested and most experienced, the whole might be accomplished +easily and pleasantly.</p> +<p>The great fault of antiquarians is, that they are constantly +<i>beginning at the wrong end</i>: they fix on some one piece of +information that they want to get, and devote a world of labour to +hunting about in all directions for anything bearing on the +subject; whereas the rational way obviously is, to have the whole +existing mass of (valuable) knowledge <i>classified</i>, and then +the inquirer would know <i>where</i> to look for his purpose.</p> +<p>Of course there will always remain much knowledge of a +miscellaneous and irregular nature which is picked up by accident, +and does not come within the scope of the present design; but this +is generally of a trifling and fugitive kind, and does not at all +controvert the principle above laid down.</p> +<p>In conclusion, I have worked out a tolerably complete series of +arrangements for the above design, showing its practicability as +well as usefulness, which will be much at the service of any one +who can use them for the furtherance of that object.</p> +<p class="author">W. D.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR NOTES.</h3> +<p><i>Numerals.</i>—For the old Indian forms, see Prinsep's +<i>Journal Asiatic Soc. Bengal</i>, 1838, p. 348. The prospectus of +<i>Brugsh, Numerorum apud Egyptios Demoticorum Doctrina</i>, +Berlin, promises to give from papyri and inscriptions not only the +figures, but the forms of operation. Probably the system assumed +its present form by the meeting of the Indian and Egyptian traders +at some emporium near the mouth of the Indus. Peacock seems to give +undue weight to the fact, that the Tibetans have a copious +nomenclature for high numbers: their arithmetic, doubtless, came +with their alphabet, and the Buddhist legends from India.</p> +<p class="author">F.Q.</p> +<p><i>Junnius and Sir Philip Francis.</i>—A few years ago, an +aged intelligent person named Garner was living at Belgrave, near +Leicester. I have heard him say that, when he was a farm bailiff to +Lord Thanet, at Sevenoaks, in Kent, Sir Philip Francis was a +frequent visitor there, and had a private room set apart for +literary occupation. On one occasion, when he (Mr. Garner) was +riding over the farm with Sir Philip Francis, the former alluded to +one of the replies to Junius, by a clergyman who had been the +subject of the "Great Unknown's" anonymous attacks, adding, "They +say, Sir Philip, you are Junius." Sir Philip did not deny that he +was the man, but simply smiled at the remark. This, and other +circumstances coupled with the fact of Sir Philip's frequent visits +to the house of so noted a politician as Lord Thanet, rendered Mr. +Garner a firm believer in the identity of Sir Philip and Junius to +the end of his days.</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<p><i>Jews under the Commonwealth</i> (Vol. i., pp. 401. 474.; vol +ii., p. 25.).—There is a confirmation of the story of the +Jews being in treaty for St. Paul's and the Oxford Library in a +passage in Carte's <i>Letters</i>, i. 276, April 2, +1649:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"They are about demolishing and selling cathedral churches. I +hear Norwich is designed already, and that the Jews proffer +600,000<i>l.</i> for Paul's and Oxford Library, and may have them +for 200,000<i>l.</i> more."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">CH.</p> +<p>"<i>Is anything but," &c.</i>—As your work seems +adapted, amongst other subjects, to check the introduction into our +language of undesirable words, phrases, and forms of speech, I +would call the attention of your readers to the modern phrases, "is +anything but," and the like, which have lately crept into use, and +will be found, in many (otherwise) well-written books.</p> +<p>I read the phrase "is anything but," for the first time, in +Napier's <i>Peninsular War</i>; where it struck me as being so much +beneath the dignity of historical composition, and at the same time +asserting an impossibility, that I meditated calling the author's +attention to it. The not unfrequent use of the same phrase by other +writers, since that time, has by no means reconciled me to its +use.</p> +<p>In the <i>Edinburgh Review</i> for January last (1850) I find +the following sentence:—"But as pains have been taken to fix +the blame <i>upon any one except</i> the parties culpable;" and in +the July number of the same <i>Review</i> (p. 90.) occurs the +sentence, "<i>any impulse rather than</i> that of patriotism," +&c.</p> +<p>Now, a "thing," or "person," or "impulse,"—though it may +not be the "thing," or "person," or "impulse" charged as the +agent,—must yet be some <i>certain</i> and <i>specific</i> +thing, or party, or impulse, <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page295" id="page295"></a>{295}</span> if existing as an agent at +all in the matter; and cannot be "<i>any</i> thing," or "<i>any</i> +party," or "<i>any</i> impulse," in the <i>indefinite</i> sense +intended in these phrases. Moreover, there seems no difficulty in +expressing, in a simple and direct manner, that the agent was a +very different, or opposite, or dissimilar "thing," or "person," or +"impulse" from that supposed.</p> +<p>I wish some persons of competent authority in the science of our +language (and many such there are who write in your pages) would +take up this subject, with a view to preserve the purity of it; and +would also, for the future, exercise a watchful vigilance over the +use, for the <i>first</i> time, of any incorrect, or low words or +phrases, in composition; and so endeavour to confine them to the +vulgar, or to those who ape the vulgar in their style.</p> +<p class="author">P.H.F.</p> +<p><i>Fastitocalon.</i>—<i>Fastitocalon. Cod. Exon.</i> fol. +96. b. p. 360. 18. read [Greek: Aspido ... chelonae]. Tychsen, +<i>Physiologus Syrus</i>, cap. xxx.: did the digamma get to +Crediton by way of Cricklade?</p> +<p class="author">F.Q.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>QUERIES</h2> +<h3>BISHOP COSIN'S CONFERENCE.</h3> +<p>Basire in his <i>Dead Man's Real Speech</i> (pp. 59, 60.), +amongst other "notable instances" of Bishop Cosin's zeal and +constancy in defence of the Church of England, mentions</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A solemn conference both by word and writing betwixt him and +the Prior of the English Benedictines at Paris, supposed to be +Robinson. The argument was concerning the validity of the +ordination of our priests, &c., in the Church of England. The +issue was, our Doctor had the better so far, that he could never +get from the Prior any reply to his last answer. This conference +was undertaken to fix a person of honour then wavering about that +point; the sum of which conference (as I am informed), was written +by Dr. Cosin to Dr. Morley, the now Right Reverend Lord Bishop of +Winchester, in two letters bearing date June 11, July 11, +1645."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The substance of this conference has been preserved among the +Smith Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; but it is not in the +form of letters to Dr. Morley. Vol. xl. of this valuable collection +of manuscripts contains (as described in Smith's table of +contents):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>1. "Papers of Bp. Cosins in defence of the Ordination of the +Church of England against father Prior.</p> +<p>"The first of these is Bp. Cosin's Review of the Father's +Letter, &c. [the title-page is placed at p. 77.]</p> +<p>"Then follows a letter (which is indeed the Bishop's first +paper, and should be put first) from Bishop Cosin to the +Father.</p> +<p>"After that the Father's Answer to Bishop Cosin's Review at p. +81.</p> +<p>"Then come two other papers about the validity of our +Ordination, with a preface concerning the occasion, p. 89."</p> +<p>2. "Then, p. 101., A Letter from a <i>Rom. Cath.</i> to a Lady +about communicating in one kind,—with Bishop Cosin's +Answer."</p> +<p>3. "Lastly, in p. 123., is A Letter of Bp. Cosin's to Dr. +Collins concerning the Sabbath."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The order in which the papers under the first head, about our +English ordination, should fall, appears to be as +follows:—</p> +<p>1. There is a note attached to p. 65., evidently written by Dr. +Tho. Smith himself in the following words:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Transcript of several papers of Bishop Cosin's sent to me by +Dr. J. Smith, Prebendary of Durham.—T.S."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>2. At p. 77. the title-page is given thus:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A Review of a Letter sent from F.P.R. to a Lady (whom he would +have persuaded to the Rom. party) in Opposition to a former paper +given him for the defence of the Church of England in the +Ordination of Priests."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>To this are appended the respective forms of ordering priests +used in the Church of England and in the Roman Church.</p> +<p>3. Then, at p. 89., we have the "occasion of this ... Discourse +concerning the Ordination of Priests," &c. This is a kind of +preface, which contains the first paper that was given to the +Prior, dated June 14, 1645; also another paper, bearing date July +11, 1645, but ending abruptly in the middle of a sentence, and +having written below it (probably in Dr. J. Smith's hand) the +following note:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The rest of this is not yet found, and that which is written +thus far is not in the Bishop's own hand, but the copy is very +fair."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>However, this second paper (ending thus abruptly) appears to be +no more than the first draft of a long letter from Cosin to the +Prior, which commences at p. 65. of this MS., and which is dated +"from the Court of S. Germains, July 11, 1645;" for not only does +this letter bear the same <i>date</i> as the before-mentioned +fragment, but it begins by complaining of the tone of expression in +a letter evidently received from the Prior after the draft had been +prepared, but before it was sent off; and it concludes with the +following note appended as a postscript:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Sir,</p> +<p>"The enclosed (most of it) was prepared for you a fortnight +since; but now (upon the occasion given by your letter) you have it +with some advantage from</p> +<p>"Your servt., J.C.</p> +<p>"I desire the fav"</p> +<p>"S. Germ. July 12."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>4. The most important part of this MS., however, is contained in +the long letter or treatise <span class="pagenum"><a name="page296" +id="page296"></a>{296}</span> placed first in the volume, and +bearing for its title, "A View of F.P.'s Answer to the First +Paper."</p> +<p>This is dated from S. Germains, July 25, 1645 and would appear +to be Cosin's last letter. But, if it be really so, Basire must, I +think, be in error, when he says, "Our Doctor ... could never get +from the Prior any reply to his last answer." For at p. 81. of the +MS. there is a reply to the above "Review of a Letter sent by F.R. +to a Lady," &c. which, though copied without either date or +signature, was evidently written by the Prior, whilst it professes +to be a reply to a treatise closely answering to Cosin's letter of +July 25, but which letter the writer did not receive (as he states) +before the 26th of September.</p> +<p>I wish yet further to take notice, that Dr. Tho. Smith, in His +<i>Vitæ</i> (Lond. 1707, præf. pp. vii, viii.), refers +to these manuscripts in the following satisfactory +manner:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Cum, post mortem D. Cosini, de pretio et valore schedarum, quas +reliquit, hæredibus non satis constaret, ... auspieatò +tandem devenit, ut favore, beneficio, et perquam insigni humanitate +reverendi et doctissimi viri, D. Joannis Smith, Sacræ +Theologiæ Professoris Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis +Præbendarii, quorum frequens hac de re commercium literarum, +occasione data, (opportunè intercedente prænobili et +reverendo, D. Georgio Whelero, equite aurato, et Ecclesiæ +Anglicanæ Presbytero, ejusdem quoque Ecclesiæ +Cathedralis Prebendario), habui, duos libellos (tanquam +prætiosas tabulas ab isthoc infami naufragio servatas) a D. +Cosino, dum in Galliâ exularet, Anglieè conscriptos +jam possidieam: quarum unus <i>Vindicias Ordinatianum +Ecclesieæ Anglicanæ</i> contra exceptiones et +cavillationes cujusdem Pontificii sacerdotis e gente nostra, alter +<i>Responsionem ad Epistolam</i> nobili fæminæ +Anglæ ab alio saccrdote <i>pro defensione communionis sub +unicâ specie administrandæ</i> inscriptam, +complectitur," &c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I should still be glad to add to this long note the followng +Queries:—</p> +<p>1. Can any of your readers kindly inform me whether Cosin's two +letters to Dr. Geo. Morley are still in existence, either in MS. or +in print?</p> +<p>2. Whether there be any fuller or more authentic account of the +controversy than that in these MS. preserved by the care of Dr. +Smith?</p> +<p>3. Whether Cosin wrote any letter to the Prior <i>later</i> than +that of July 25?</p> +<p>4. Who was the <i>lady</i> the Prior wished to seduce to the +Roman party?</p> +<p>5. Is there any other account of the controversy?</p> +<p class="author">J. SANSOM.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>ENGELMAN'S BIBILIOTHECA SCRIPTORUM CLASSICORUM.</h3> +<p>A little while ago, I ordered Engelman's <i>Bibliotheca +Scriptoram Classicorum</i>, purporting to contain all such works +published from 1700 to 1846. It was furnished to my bookseller by a +foreign bookseller in <i>London</i> with an English title, having +<i>his own</i> name on it as publisher, and an invitation to +purchase the books described in it <i>from him</i>. As the paper +and type were German, I objected and received in consequence a new +English title, with the same name upon it, and a <i>shorter</i> +invitation to purchase from him. I was captious enough to object +even to this; and I then received a Leipzig title in German. But +there still remains a difficulty: for this German title has also +the name of a <i>Parisian</i> bookseller upon it, <i>a la maison +duquel on peut s'adresser, &c.</i> Now, as Engelman is a +bookseller, and would probably not object to an order out of his +own catalogue, of which he is both author and publisher, the +preceding, circumstances naturally raise the following Queries:</p> +<p>1. What is the real title-page of Engelman's <i>Catalogue</i> 2. +Is the Parisian house accredited by Engelman; or has the former +served the latter as the London house has Served both? 3. Is it not +desirable that literary men should set their faces very decidedly +against all and every the slightest alteration in the genuine +description of a book? 4. Would it not be desirable that every such +alteration should forthwith be communicate to your paper?</p> +<p>The English title-page omits the important fact, that the +<i>Catalogue</i> begins at 1700, and describes it as containing +<i>all</i> editions, &c., up to 1846.</p> +<p class="author">A. DE MORGAN.</p> +<p>September 24. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>Portrait of Sir P. Sidney, by Paul Veronese.</i>—In the +letters of Sir P. Sidney which I found at Hamburg, and which were +published by Pickering, 1845, it is stated that a portrait of +Sidney was painted by Paul Veronese, at Venice, for Herbert +Languet. It would be very interesting to discover the existence of +this picture.</p> +<p>Languet had it with him at Prague, <i>framed</i>, as he asserts, +and hung up in his room, in the year 1575. He remarks upon it, in +one place, that it represented Sidney as too young (he was nineteen +when it was taken); in another place he says that it has given him +too sad an expression. I should add, that on Languet's death, his +property passed into the hands of his friend Du Plessis.</p> +<p>I am led to write to you on this subject, by having observed, a +few days since, in the collection at Blenheim, two portraits by +Paul Veronese, of persons unknown. There may be many such, and that +of Sir Philip Sidney may yet be identified.</p> +<p class="author">STEUART A. PEARS.</p> +<p>Harrow, Sept. 6.</p> +<p><i>Confession.</i>—You would much oblige if you could +discover the name of a Catholic priest, in <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page297" id="page297"></a>{297}</span> German +history, who submitted to die rather than reveal a secret committed +to him in confession?</p> +<p class="author">U.J.B.</p> +<p><i>Scotch Prisoners at Worcester.</i>—In Mr. Walcott's +<i>History of St. Margaret's Church, Westminster</i>, I find the +following extract from church wardens' accounts:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"1652. P'd to Thos. Wright for 67 loads of soyle laid on the +graves in Tothill Fields, wherein 1200 Scotch prisoners, taken at +the fight at Worcester, were buried; and for other pains taken with +his teeme of horses, about mending the Sanctuary Highway, when Gen. +Ireton was buried."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I have taken the pains to verify this extract, and find the +figures quite correctly given. I wish to put the Query: Is this +abominable massacre in cold blood mentioned by any of our +historians? But for such unexceptionable evidence, it would appear +incredible.</p> +<p class="author">C.F.S.</p> +<p><i>Adamson's Reign of Edward II.</i>—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The Reigns of King Edward II., and so far of King Edward III., +as relates to the Lives and Actions of Piers Gaveston, Hugh de +Spencer, and Roger Lord Mortimer, with Remarks thereon adapted to +the present Time: Humbly addressed to all his Majesty's Subjects of +Great Britain, &c., by <i>J. Adamson</i>. Printed for J. +Millar, near the Horse Guards, 1732, and sold by the Booksellers of +London and Westminster, price One Shilling."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The above is the title-page of a little work of eighty-six pages +in my possession, which I am inclined to think is scarce. It +appears to be a defence of the Walpole administration from the +attacks of the <i>Craftsman</i>, a periodical of the time, +conducted by Amhurst, who was supported by Bolinbroke and Pulteney, +the leaders of the opposition. Is anything known of <i>J. +Adamson</i>, the author?</p> +<p class="author">H.A.E.</p> +<p><i>Sir Thomas Moore.</i>—Can any of your readers give any +account of Sir Thomas Moore, beyond what Victor tells of him in his +<i>History</i> of the Theatre, ii. p. 144., "that he was the author +of an absurd tragedy called <i>Mangora</i> (played in 1717), and +was knighted by George I."</p> +<p>In Pope's "Epistle to Arbuthnot," he writes—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Arthur, whose giddy son leglects the laws."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>on which Warburton notes—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"<i>Arthur Moore, Esq.</i>"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Who was <i>Arthur Moore, Esq.</i>? and who was the "giddy son?" +Was the latter <i>James Moore Smith</i> a gentleman whose family +name was, I think, <i>Moore</i>, and who assumed (perhaps for a +fortune) the additional name of <i>Smith</i>? This gentleman Pope +seems to call indiscriminately <i>Moore</i>, <i>Moor</i>, and +<i>More</i>: and when he says that his good nature towards the +dunces was so great that he had even "rhymed for Moor" (<i>Ib.</i> +v. 373.), I cannot but suspect that the Moor <i>for</i> whom he had +<i>rhymed</i>, was the <i>giddy son</i> whom <i>Arthur</i> accused +him of seducing from the law to the Muses. There are many allusions +to this Mr. James Moore Smith throughout Pope's satirical works, +but all very obscure; and Warburton, though he appears to have +known him, affords no explanation as to who or what he was. He was +the author of a comedy called <i>The Rival Modes</i>.</p> +<p>C.</p> +<p><i>Dr. E. Cleaver, Bishop of Cork.</i>—I shall feel much +obliged to any of your correspondents who will furnish me with the +particulars of the consecration of Dr. Euseby Cleaver to the sees +of Cork and Ross, in March, April, or May, 1789. Finding no record +of the transaction in the Diocesan Registry of Cork, and not being +able to trace it in any other part of <i>Ireland</i>, I am induced +to believe that this consecration may have taken place in +<i>England</i>; and shall be very glad to be correctly informed +upon the point.</p> +<p class="author">H. COTTON.</p> +<p>Thurles, Ireland.</p> +<p><i>Gwynn's London and Westminster.</i>—Mr. Thomas +Frederick Hunt, in his <i>Exemplars of Tudor Architecture</i>, 4to. +London, 1830, in a note at p. 23., alludes to <i>London and +Westminster improved, by John Gywnn, London</i>, 1766, 4to., and +has this remark:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"It is a singular fact, that in this work John Gwynn pointed out +almost all the designs for the improvement of London, which have +been <i>devised</i> by the civil and military architects of the +present day."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>And Mr. Hunt concludes by observing,, that—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"This discovery was made by the <i>Literary Gazette</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Will you permit me, through the medium of your useful +publication, to solicit information of the number and date of the +<i>Literary Gazette</i> which recalled public attention to this +very remarkable fact?</p> +<p class="author">§N.</p> +<p><i>Coronet.</i>—In Newbold Church, in the county of +Warwick, is a monument to the memory of Thomas Boughton of Lawford, +and Elizabeth his wife, representing him in a suit of armour, with +sword and spurs, <i>a coronet on his head</i>, and a bear at his +feet, chained and muzzled. Query.—Can any of your readers +give an accurate description of this coronet? Or can any of them +mention instances of the monuments of esquires having similar +coronets? The date of his death is not given: his wife died in the +year 1454.</p> +<p class="author">Z.</p> +<p><i>Cinderella.</i>—Referring to Vol. ii., p. 214., allow +me to ask in what edition of Perrault's <i>Fairy Tales</i> the +misprint of <i>verre</i> from <i>vair</i> first occurs? what is the +date of their first publication, as well as that of the translation +under the title of <i>Mother Goose's Tales</i>? whether Perrault +was the originator of <i>Cinderella</i>, or from what source he +drew the tale? <span class="pagenum"><a name="page298" id= +"page298"></a>{298}</span> what, moreover, is the authority for +identifying <i>sable</i> with <i>vair</i> for the employment of +either in designating the highest rank of princesses?</p> +<p class="author">SANDVICENSIS.</p> +<p><i>Judas' Bell, Judas' Candle</i> (Vol. i., pp. 195. 235. +357.).—Some time since I asked the meaning of a Judas' Bell, +and your learned correspondent CEPHAS replied that it was only a +bell so christened after St. Jude, the apostle. However, it may +have been connected with the Judas' tapers, which, according, to +the subjoined entries, were used with the Paschal candle at Easter. +May I trust to his kindness to explain its purport?</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>Reading Parish Accompts</i>.</p> +<p>"1499. Itm. payed for making leng' Mr. Smyth's molde wt. a Judas +for the Pascall—vJd."</p> +<p>"<i>St. Giles' Parish Accompts</i>.</p> +<p>"A.D. 1514. Paid for making a Judas for Pascall iiijd."</p> +<p>"<i>Churchwardens' Accompts of S. Martin, Outwich</i>.</p> +<p>"1510. Paid to Randolf Merchaunt Wex Chandiler for the Pascall, +the tapers affore the Rode, the Cross Candelles, and Judas +Candelles—viiijs. iiijd."</p> +<p>"<i>St. Margaret's, Westminster.</i></p> +<p>"1524. Item payed for xij. Judacis to stand with the +tapers—O ijd. O"</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A., Oxon.</p> +<p><i>Dozen of Bread; Baker's Dozen.</i>—In the <i>Chronicle +of Queen Jane, and of Two Years of Queen Mary</i>, lately printed +for the Camden Society (Appendix iv. p. 112.), it is stated that, +amongst other particulars in the accounts of the Chamberlain of +Colchester, at which place Mary was entertained on her way to +London, there is:—"For xxxviii. <i>dozen of bread</i>, +xxxixs." In the language of the county from which I write, "a dozen +of bread" was (and I believe is yet) used to express either one +loaf, value twelvepence or two loaves, value sixpence each: and +even when the sizes and price of the loaves varied, it was used to +express the larger loaf, or the two smaller loaves. A dozen of +bread was also divided into six twopenny, or twelve penny +loaves.</p> +<p>But in the quotation above, thirty-eight dozen of bread are +charged thirty-nine shillings; whereas the extra one shilling, +cannot be divided into aliquot parts, so as to express the value of +each of the thirty-eight dozen of bread.</p> +<p>What was a dozen of bread in 1553?</p> +<p>What is a <i>baker's dozen</i>, and why so called?</p> +<p class="author">P.H.F.</p> +<p><i>Kongs skuggsia.</i>—Is anything, precise known of the +date and origin of the Icelandic Kongs skuggsia.</p> +<p class="author">F.Q.</p> +<p><i>Coins of Gandophares.</i>—Coins of Gandophares, an +Indian prince, are described by Prinsep, <i>Jour. Asiatic Soc. +Bengal</i>, and in Wilson's <i>Asiana</i>. The name is met with in +the legends of St. Thomas can it be found elsewhere?</p> +<p class="author">F.Q.</p> +<p><i>Satirical Medals.</i>—Is any printed account to be +found of a very elaborately executed series of caricature medals +relating to the revolution of 1688?</p> +<p class="author">F.Q.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>REPLIES.</h2> +<h3>GAUDENTIO DI LUCCA.</h3> +<h4>(Vol. ii., p. 247.)</h4> +<p>The work entitled <i>The Adventures of Sig. Gaudentio di +Lucca</i> was published at London in 1737, in 1 vol. 8vo. It +purports to be a translation from the Italian, by E.T. Gent but +this is a mere fiction. The work is evidently an English +composition. It belongs to the class of <i>Voyages Imaginaires</i>, +and its main object is to describe the institutions and manners of +the Mezoranians, an Utopian community, supposed to exist in the +centre of Africa. Sig. Gaudentio is able, by an accident, to visit +this people, by the way of Egypt, and to return to Europe; he +resides at Bologna, where he falls under the suspicion of the +Inquisition, and having been brought before that tribunal, he +describes his former life, and his adventures in the country of the +Mezoranians.</p> +<p>A second London edition of this work, of the date of 1748, is +mentioned in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for Jan. 1777. There +is an edition in 12mo., printed at Edinburgh, 1761. And there is +another London edition, in 8vo., of the year 1786. Copies of the +editions of 1737 and 1786 are in the British Museum.</p> +<p>There are two French translations of the work. One is of the +date 1746, under the title of <i>Mémoires de Gaudentio di +Lucca</i>. The second, of 1754, by M. Dupuy Demportes, speaks of +the first having been made by an Englishman named <i>Milts</i>; but +the person and name appear to be fictitious. The first translation +is said by Barbier, <i>Dict. des Anonymes</i>, No. 11,409, to have +been revised by the Chevalier de Saint Germain, who made additions +to it of his own invention. The second translation is reprinted in +the collection of <i>Voyages Imaginaires</i>, Amsterdam et Paris, +1787, tom. vi.</p> +<p>An anonymous writer in the <i>Gent. Mag.</i> for Jan. 1777, vol. +xlvii., p. 13., speaking of Bishop Berkeley, says that "the +<i>Adventures of Signor Gaudentio di Lucca</i> have been generally +attributed to him." The writer of the note added to the <i>Life of +Berkeley</i> in Kippis's <i>Biogr. Brit.</i>, 1780, vol. ii. p. +261., quotes this statement, and adds that the work is ascribed to +him by the booksellers in their printed catalogues. This writer +thinks that the authorship of Bp. Berkeley is consistent with the +internal evidence of the book but he furnishes no positive +testimony on the subject.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page299" id= +"page299"></a>{299}</span> +<p>In a letter from Mr. J.C. Walker to Mr. Pinkerton, of 19 Jan., +1799 (published in Pinkerton's <i>Literary Correspondence</i>, vol. +ii., p. 41.), Lord Charlemont is referred to as believing that +Gaudentio di Lucca is founded in fact; that Bishop Berkeley, when +he was at Cairo, conversed with persons who had attended a caravan, +and that he learned from them what he narrated in the account of +Gaudentio. This passage is cited in Southey's <i>Common-place +Book</i>, p. 204; but the work is manifestly fictitious, and it +does not appear that Berkeley, though he twice visited the +Continent, was ever out of Europe.</p> +<p>The date of the publication of Gaudentio is quite consistent +with the authorship of Berkeley, who died in 1753; but the notice +in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> only proves the existence of a +rumour to that effect; and the authentic <i>Life of Berkeley</i>, +by Dr. Stock, chiefly drawn up from materials communicated by Dr. +R. Berkeley, brother to the Bishop, and prefixed to the collected +edition of his work (2 vols. 4to. Lond., 1784), makes no allusion +to Gaudentio. There is nothing in the contents of this work which +renders it likely that the authorship should have been carefully +concealed by Bp. Berkeley and his family, if he had really been the +author. The literary execution of Gaudentio is good; and it is +probable that the speculative character of the work, and the fact +that Berkeley had visited Italy, suggested the idea that he had +composed it. The belief that Bishop Berkeley was the author of +<i>Gaudentio di Lucca</i> may therefore be considered as +unauthorised.</p> +<p>The copy of the edition of <i>Gaudentio</i> of 1786, which is +preserved in the British Museum, contains in the title-page the +following note, in pencil:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Written originally in English by Dr. Swale of Huntingdon. See +<i>Gent. Mag.</i> 1786."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for 1786 does not, however, +contain any information about the authorship of <i>Gaudentio</i>; +and the name of Dr. Swale appears to be unknown in literary +history. At the same time, a positive entry of this sort, with +respect to an obscure person, doubtless had some foundation. On the +authority of this note, Dr. Swale is registered as the author of +Gaudentio in the printed catalogue of the British Museum Library, +whence it has passed into Watt's <i>Bibl. Brit.</i> Perhaps some of +your correspondents, who are connected with Huntingdon, may be able +to throw some light on Dr. Swale.</p> +<p>Lastly, it should be added, that the writer of the article +"Berkeley," in the <i>Biographic Universelle</i>, adverts to the +fact that <i>Gaudentio di Lucca</i> has been attributed to him: he +proceeds, however, to say that—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The author of a Life of Berkeley affirms that Berkeley is not +the author of that book, which he supposes to have been written by +a Catholic priest imprisoned in the Tower of London."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I have been unable to trace the origin of this statement; nor do +I know what is the <i>Life of Berkeley</i>, to which the writer in +the <i>Biogr. Univ.</i> refers. The Life published under the +direction of his family makes no allusion to Gaudentio, or to the +belief that it was composed by Bishop Berkeley.</p> +<p>The <i>Encyclopédie Méthodique</i>, div. "Econ. +pol. et dipl." (Paris, 1784), tom. I. p. 89., mentions the +following work:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"La République des Philosophes, ou l'Histoire des +Ajaoiens, relation d'un voyage du Chevalier S. van Doelvett en +Orient en l'an 1674, qui contient la description du Gouvernement, +de la Religion, et des Moeurs des Ajaoiens."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>It is stated that this romance, though composed a century +before, had only been lately published. The editor attributed it to +Fontenelle, but (as the writer in the <i>Encycl. Méth.</i> +thinks) probably without reason. The title of Berkeley to the +authorship of Gaudentio has doubtless no better foundation.</p> +<p class="author">L.</p> +<p class="note">[Dunlop, <i>Hist. Fiction</i>, iii. 491., speaks of +this romance as "generally, and I believe on good grounds, supposed +to be the work of the celebrated Berkeley;" adding, "we are told, +in the life of this celebrated man, that Plato was his favourite +author: and, indeed, of all English writers Berkeley has most +successfully imitated the style and manner of that philosopher. It +is not impossible, therefore, that the fanciful republic of the +Grecian sage may have led Berkeley to write <i>Gaudentio di +Lucca</i>, of which the principal object apparently is to describe +a faultless and patriarchal form of governnent." The subject is a +very curious one, and invites the further inquiry of our valued +correspondent.—ED.]</p> +<hr /> +<h3>ON A PASSAGE IN "THE TEMPEST."</h3> +<p>I was indebted to MR. SINGER for one of the best emendations in +the edition of Shakspeare I superintended (vol. vi. p. 559.), and I +have too much respect for his sagacity and learning to pass, +without observation, his remarks in "NOTES AND QUERIES" (Vol. ii., +p. 259.), on the conclusion of the speech of Ferdinand, in "The +Tempest," Act iii., Sc. 1.:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours;</p> +<p>Most busy, least when I do it."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>This is the way in which I ventured to print the passage, +depending mainly upon the old copies. In the folio, 1623, where the +play for the first time appeared, the last line stands:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Most busie lest, when I doe it;"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>and in that of 1632,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Most busie least, when I doe it:"</p> +</div> +</div> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page300" id= +"page300"></a>{300}</span> +<p>so that the whole merit I claim that of altering the place of a +comma, thereby, as I apprehend, rendering the meaning of the poet +evident. The principle upon which I proceeded throughout was that +of making as little variation as possible from the ancient +authorities: upon that principle I acted in the instance in +question, and I frequently found that this was the surest mode of +removing difficulties. I could not easily adduce a stronger proof +of this position, than the six words on which the doubt at this +time has been raised.</p> +<p>Theobald made an important change in the old text, and his +reading has been that generally adopted:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Most busy-less when I do it."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>In restoring the old text I had, therefore, to contend with +prepossession, against which, it seems, the Rev. Mr. Dyce was not +proof, although I only know it from MR. SINGER'S letter, never +having looked into the book in which I suppose, the opinion is +advanced.</p> +<p>One reason why I should reject the substitution of "busy-less," +even if I had not a better mode of overcoming the difficulty, is +properly adverted to by MR. SINGER, viz. that the word was not in +use in the time of Shakspeare. The only authority for it, at any +period, quoted in Todd's Johnson, is this very (as I contend) +corrupted passage in the Tempest; I have not met with it at all in +any of the older dictionaries I have been able to consult; and +unless the Rev. Mr. Dyce have been more fortunate, he was a little +short-sighted, as well as a little angry, when he wrote his note +upon mine. Had he taken more time to reflect, he might have found +that after all Theobald and I are not so much at odds, although he +arrives at his end by varying from, and I at mine by adhering to, +the ancient authorities. In fact, I gain some confirmation of what, +I believe, is the true meaning of Shakspeare, out of the very +corruption Theobald introduced, and the Rev. Mr. Dyce, to my +surprise, supports. I should have expected him to be the very last +man who would advocate an abandonment of what has been handed down +to us in every old edition of the play.</p> +<p>The key of the whole speech of Ferdinand is contained in its +very outset:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"There be some sports are painful, and their labour</p> +<p>Delight in them sets off;"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>and the poet has said nearly the same thing in "Macbeth:"</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"The labour we delight in physics pain."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>It is because Ferdinand delights in the labour that he does not +feel it irksome:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"This my mean task</p> +<p>Would be as heavy to me as odious; but</p> +<p>The mistress which I serve quickens what's dead,</p> +<p>And makes my labours pleasure."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>He, therefore, tells us, at the close, that his labours are +refreshed by the sweet thoughts of her; that, in fact, his toil is +no toil, and that when he is "most busy" he "least does it," and +suffers least under it. The delight he takes in his "mean task" +renders it none.</p> +<p>Such I take to be the clear meaning of the poet, though somewhat +obscurely and paradoxically expressed—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Most busy, least when I do it;"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>and when Theobald proposed to substitute</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Most busy-less when I do it,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>he saw, though perhaps not quite distinctly, that such was the +poet's intention, only, as I have said above, he arrived at it by +altering, and I by adhering to, the poet's language. I may be +allowed to add that I came to my conclusion many years before I was +asked to put my name to an edition of Shakspeare, which interrupted +one of the most valuable friendships I ever formed.</p> +<p>MR. SINGER will see at once that my interpretation (which I +consider quite consistent with the character of Shakspeare's mind, +as well as quite consistent with the expressions he has used +throughout the speech of the hero), steers clear of his proposal to +alter "busie lest," or "busie least," of the folios of 1623 and +1632, to <i>busyest</i> or <i>busiest</i>; although everybody at +all acquainted with our old language will agree with him in +thinking, that if Shakspeare had used "busiest" at all, which he +does not in any of his productions, he might have said <i>most +busiest</i> without a violation of the constant practice of his +day.</p> +<p class="author">J. PAYNE COLLIER.</p> +<p>September 24. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>GRAY'S ELEGY.</h3> +<p>Perhaps the HERMIT of HOLYPORT will be satisfied with proofs +from GRAY himself as to the time and manner of the first appearance +of the <i>Elegy</i>.</p> +<p>GRAY thus writes to Dr. Wharton, under the date of "Dec. 17, +1750." [I quote Mason's "Life" of its Author, p. 216.]</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The stanzas" [which he afterwards called <i>Elegy</i> at the +suggestion of Mason] "which I now enclose to you have had the +misfortune, by <i>Mr.</i> [Horace] <i>Walpole's fault</i>, to be +made still more public," &c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The next letter in Mason's publication is a letter from "Mr. +Gray to Mr. Walpole" (p. 217.), and is dated "<i>Cambridge, +Feb.</i> 11, 1751," which runs thus:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"As you have brought me into a little sort of distress, you must +assist me, I believe, to get out of it as well as I can. Yesterday +I had the misfortune of receiving a letter from certain gentlemen +(as their bookseller expresses it) who have taken the Magazine of +Magazines into their hands: they tell me that an <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page301" id="page301"></a>{301}</span> +<i>ingenious</i> poem, called 'Reflections in a Country +Church-yard,' has been communicated to them, which they are +printing forthwith; that they are informed that the +<i>excellent</i> author of it is I by name, and that they beg not +only his <i>indulgence</i>, but the <i>honour</i> of his +correspondence, &c.... I therefore am obliged to desire you +would make Dodsley print it immediately <i>from your copy</i>, but +without my name, &c. He must correct the press himself ... and +the title must be 'Elegy written in a Country Church-yard.' If he +would add a line or two to say it came into his hand by accident, I +should like it better ... If Dodsley do not do this immediately, he +may as well let it alone."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Dr. Johnson (<i>Life of Gray</i>) says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"His next production, 1750, was his far-famed <i>Elegy</i>," +&c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The Doctor adds:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Several of his [Gray's] pieces were published, 1753, with +designs by Mr. Bentley, and that they might in some form or other +make a book, only one side of each leaf was printed. I believe the +poems and the plates recommended each other so well, that the whole +impression was soon bought."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>It contains <i>six</i> poems, one being the <i>Elegy</i>. I have +before me a copy of this collection, which is folio. The plates are +clever, and very curious; a copy was sold at the Fonthill sale for +3<i>l.</i> 4<i>s.</i>! The copy, admirably bound, which I quote, +was bought at a bookseller's front-window stall for 4<i>s.</i> The +title of this collection is "<i>Designs by Mr.</i> R. BENTLEY, +<i>for six poems by Mr.</i> J. GRAY."</p> +<p>According to the title-page, it was "printed for R. DODSLEY, in +Pall Mall, MDCCLIII.," two years previously to the date to which +your correspondent refers. This (1753) collection gives the +line,—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Save where the beetle wheels his <i>droning</i> flight."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>In the <i>Elegant Extracts</i> (verse), ed. 1805, which, it must +be needless to mention, was prepared by the able and indefatigable +Dr. Vicesimus Knox, the accomplished scholar gives the +line—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Save where the beetle wheels his <i>drony</i> flight."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Dr. Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i> does not insert the word +"droning" or "drony;" but among his Illustrations attached to the +verb "to drone," there are two from Dryden, each, it may be seen, +using the word "droning." There is no quotation containing the word +"drony." Gray's language is:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Save where the beetle wheels his <i>droning</i> flight,</p> +<p>And drowsy <i>tinklings</i> lull the distant folds."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Johnson's second quotation from Dryden may be worth repeating, +as showing that Gray's language is not wholly different from his +predecessor's:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i8">"Melfoil and honeysuckles pound,</p> +<p>With these alluring savours strew the ground,</p> +<p>And mix with <i>tinkling</i> brass the cymbal's <i>droning</i> +sound."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>It is perhaps hardly worth noticing, that there is not +uniformity even in the title. Johnson calls it, <i>Elegy in the +Church-yard</i>; Dodsley (1753) styles it, <i>Elegy written in a +Country Church-yard</i>.</p> +<p class="author">A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD.</p> +<p><i>Gray's Elegy</i> (Vol. ii., p. 264.).—The HERMIT OF +HOLYPORT is referred to the 4to. edit. of the <i>Works of Gray</i>, +by Thos. Jas. Mathias, in which, vol. i. at the end of the Elegy, +in print, he will find "From the original in the handwriting of +Thos. Gray:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"'Save where the beetle wheels his <i>droning</i> flight.'"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>From the autograph the Elegy appears to have been written in +1750; and the margin states, published in Feb. 1751, by Dodsley, +and went through four editions in two months; and afterwards a +fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth, ninth and tenth, and eleventh; +printed also in 1753, with Mr. Bentley's designs, of which there is +a second edition; and again by Dodsley in his <i>Miscellany</i>, +vol. iv.; and in a Scotch collection, called the <i>Union</i>. +Translated into Latin by Chr. Anstey, Esq., and the Rev. Mr. +Roberts, and published in 1762; and again in the same year by Rob. +Lloyd, M.A. The original MS. of the above will be found among the +MSS. of Thos. Gray, in the possession of the Masters and Fellows of +Pembroke House, Cambridge.</p> +<p class="author">W.S.</p> +<p>Richmond, Sept 21. 1850</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BISHOPS AND THEIR PRECEDENCE.</h3> +<h4>(Vol. ii., p. 254.)</h4> +<p>Arun is not right, in reference to this Query, in saying that +the precedence of bishops over the temporal barons is regulated by +the statute of 31 Hen. VIII. The precedence of bishops over the +temporal lords is not regulated by the Act of 31 Hen. VIII. for +placing the lords. They may have originally been summoned to sit in +parliament in right of their succession to certain baronial lands +annexed to, or supposed to be annexed to their episcopal sees; but +as some of the temporal peers were also summoned in right of lands +held of the king <i>per baroniam</i>, that is not a satisfactory +reason why they should take precedence of temporal barons.</p> +<p>The precedency must have been regulated by some other laws, +rules, or usage than are presented by the Act of 31 Hen. VIII. The +Archbishop of Canterbury precedes the Lord Chancellor; the +Archbishop of York the Lord President of the Council and the Lord +Privy Seal; and all bishops precede barons. This precedency, +however, is not given by the <i>statute</i>. The Act provides only, +in reference to the spiritual peers, that the Vicegerent for good +and due ministration of justice, to be had in all causes and cases +touching the ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and for the godly +reformation and redress of all errors, heresies, and abuses in the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page302" id= +"page302"></a>{302}</span> Church (and all other persons having +grant of the said office), shall sit and be placed in all +parliaments on the <i>right side</i> of the parliament chamber, and +upon the same form that the Archbishop of Canterbury sitteth on, +and above the same archbishop and his successors; and next to the +said Vicegerent shall sit the Archbishop of Canterbury; and then, +next to him, on the same form and side, shall sit the Archbishop of +York; and next to him, on the same form and side, the Bishop of +London; and next to him, on the same side and form, the Bishop of +Durham; and next to him, on the same side and form, the Bishop of +Winchester; and then all the other bishops of both provinces of +Canterbury and York shall sit and be placed on the same side, after +their ancienties, as it hath been accustomed.</p> +<p>There is nothing here to show in what order they are to rank +among the great officers, or other temporal peers; nor is the +precedency given to the Lord Chancellor over the Archbishop of +York.</p> +<p>By the Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland, the +archbishops of that kingdom have rank immediately after the +Archbishop of York, and therefore before the great officers +(excepting only the Lord Chancellor), as well as above dukes; and +the Irish bishops immediately after those of England.</p> +<p>It may be rightly stated that the high spiritual rank of the +bishops is a reason for giving them precedence over the temporal +lords sitting as barons; but has that <i>reason</i> been assigned +by any writer of authority, or even any writer upon +precedence?—the Query suggested by E. (Vol. ii., p. 9.) Lord +Coke does not assign that reason, but says, because they hold their +bishopricks of the king <i>per baroniam</i>. But the holding <i>per +baroniam</i>, as before observed, would equally apply to the +temporal lords holding lands by similar tenures, and sitting by +writ, and receiving summons in ancient times in virtue of such +their tenure.</p> +<p>The precedence of bishops over barons was clearly +<i>disputed</i> in the reign of King Henry VI., when Baker says in +his <i>Chronicle</i> (p. 204.), <i>judgment</i> was given for the +<i>lords temporal</i>; but where the judgment, or any account of +the dispute for precedence, is to be found I cannot say. That is +what your correspondent G. inquired for (Vol. ii., p. 76.).</p> +<p class="author">C.G.</p> +<p>Your correspondent ARUN (Vol. ii., p. 254.) states, on the +authority of Stephen's <i>Blackstone</i>, that—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Bishops are temporal barons, and sit in the House of Peers in +right of succession to certain ancient baronies annexed or supposed +to be annexed to their episcopal lands."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This position, though supported by Lord Coke in more places than +one (see <i>Coke upon Littleton</i>, 134. <i>a, b</i>; 3 +<i>Inst.</i> 30.; 4 <i>Inst.</i> 44.), and adopted by most other +legal text-writers on his authority, cannot, it is conceived, be +supported. It seems to be clearly ascertained that bishops sat in +the great councils of this and other kingdoms not <i>ratione +baroniarum</i> but <i>jure ecclesiarum</i>, by custom, long before +the tenure <i>per baroniam</i> was known. In the preambles to the +laws of Ina (Wilkins' <i>Leges Ang.-Sax.</i> f. 14.), of Athelstan +(<i>ib.</i> 54.), of Edmund (<i>ib.</i> 72.), the bishops are +mentioned along with others of the great council, whilst the tenure +<i>per baroniam</i> was not known until after the Conquest. The +truth seems to be that</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The bishops of the Conqueror's age were entitled to sit in his +councils by the general custom of Europe and by the common law of +England, which the conquest did not overturn."—Hallam's +<i>Mid. Ag.</i> 137-8, 9th ed.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Can any of your readers throw any light on the much disputed +tenure <i>per baroniam</i>? What was its essential character, what +its incidents, and in what way did it differ from the ordinary +tenure <i>in capite</i>?</p> +<p class="author">BARO.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of his Time</i> (Vol. +ii., pp. 9. 92.).—This subject receives interesting +illustration in the <i>Memoirs of Gervas Holles</i>, who at some +length describes the seduction of the Lady Sheffield, by Leicester, +at Belvoir Castle, while attending the Queen on her Progress. A +letter from the Earl to the lady of his love, contained the +suspicious intimation—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>That he had not been unmindful in removing that obstacle</i> +which hindered the full fruition of their contentments; that he had +endeavoured one expedient already which had failed, but he would +lay another which he doubted not would hit more sure."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This letter the Lady Sheffield accidentally dropped from her +pocket; and being picked up and given to the Lord Sheffield by his +sister Holles, he read it with anger and amazement. That night he +parted beds, and the next day houses; meditating in what manner he +might take honourable and just revenge. Having resolved, he posted +up to London to effect it; but the discovery had preceded him to +the knowledge of Leicester, who finding a necessity to be quick, +bribed an Italian physician ("whose name," says Holles, "I have +forgotten") in whom Lord Sheffield had great confidence, to poison +him, which was immediately effected after his arrival in London. +Leicester, after cohabiting with the Lady Sheffield for some time, +married the widow of the Earl of Essex, who, it is thought, says +Holles, "<i>served him in his own kind, every way</i>."</p> +<p>In the suit afterwards instituted by Sir Robert Dudley, with the +view of establishing his legitimacy, the Lady Sheffield was +examined, and swore <span class="pagenum"><a name="page303" id= +"page303"></a>{303}</span> to a private marriage with the Earl of +Leicester, but that she had been prevailed on, by threats and +pecuniary largesses, to deny the marriage, as Queen Elizabeth was +desirous that Lord Leicester should marry the widow of the Earl of +Essex.</p> +<p>One curious circumstance arises out of the revival of these dark +doings. Are the particular drugs employed by Leicester's Italian +physician "in removing obstacles" now known and in operation? By a +remarkable coincidence, in a case of supposed poisoning at +Cheltenham, some time since, the intended victim escaped with the +loss of his hair and his nails.</p> +<p class="author">H.K.S.C.</p> +<p><i>What is the correct Prefix of Mayors?</i> (Vol. i., p. +380.)—In Leicester the usage has always been to designate the +chief magistrate "The worshipful the Mayor," which, I believe, is +the style used in <i>boroughs</i>. In <i>cities</i>, and places +<i>specially privileged</i>, "Right worshipful" are the terms +employed.</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<p><i>Marks of Cadency</i> (Vol. ii., p. 248.).—The label of +the Prince of Wales has, from the time of Edward III. up to the +present time, been of three points argent, and <i>not</i> +charged.</p> +<p class="author">F.E.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MISCELLANEOUS.</h2> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> +<p>Although we do not usually record in our columns the losses +which literature sustains from time to time, we cannot permit the +death of Thomas Amyot, the learned Director of the Camden Society, +and for so many years the Treasurer of the Society of Antiquaries, +to pass without rendering our grateful tribute to the memory of one +of the most intelligent and kindest-hearted men that ever breathed; +from whom we, in common with so many others, when entering on our +literary career, received the most friendly assistance, and the +most encouraging sympathy.</p> +<p>Every fifty years commences a discussion of the great question +when the current century, or half century, properly begins. We have +just seen this in the numerous Queries, Answers, Replies, and +Rejoinders upon the subject which have appeared in the columns of +the daily and weekly press; the only regular treatise being the +essay upon <i>Ancient and Modern Usage in Reckoning</i>, by +professor De Morgan, in the <i>Companion to the Almanack</i> for +the present year. This Essay is opposed to the idea of a "zero +year," and one of the advocates of that system of computation has, +therefore, undertaken a defence of the zero principle, which he +pronounces, "when properly understood, is undoubtedly the most +correct basis of reckoning," in a small volume entitled, <i>An +Examination of the Century Question</i>, and in which he maintains +the point for which he is contending with considerable learning and +ingenuity. All who are interested in the question at issue, will be +at once amused and instructed by it.</p> +<p>Mr. Charles Knight announces a new edition of his <i>Pictorial +Shakespeare</i> under the title of the National Edition; to contain +the whole of the Notes, Illustrations, &c., thoroughly revised; +and which, while it will be printed in a clear and beautiful type +across the page, and not in double columns, will have the advantage +of being much cheaper than the edition which he originally put +forth.</p> +<p><i>The Declaration of the Fathers of the Councell of Trent +concerning the going into Churches at such Times as Hereticall +Service is said or Heresy preached, &c.</i>, is a reprint of a +very rare tract, which possesses some present interest, as it bears +upon the statement which has been of late years much insisted on by +Mr. Perceval and other Anglican controversialists, that for the +first twelve years of Elizabeth's reign, and until Pius V.'s +celebrated Bull, <i>Regnans in Excelsis</i>, the Roman Catholics of +England were in the habit of frequenting the Reformed worship.</p> +<p>We have received the following Catalogues:—W.S. Lincoln's +(Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Sixty-first Catalogue of +English and Foreign Second-hand Books; W.D. Reeve's (98. Chancery +Lane) Catalogue No. 13. of Cheap Books, many Rare and Curious; R. +Kimpton's (31. Wardour Street, Soho) Catalogue No. 29. of +Second-hand Books in good Condition at very reduced Prices.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> +<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h4> +<p>CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY POLL-BOOKS FOR 1780, 1784, 1790, and +1829.</p> +<p>OXFORD UNIVERSITY POLL-BOOKS for 1750, 1768, 1806.</p> +<p>BEN JONSON by CLIFFORD. 8vo. Vols. II., III., and IV.</p> +<p>Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," +186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> +<p>VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, <i>with Title-page and +very copious Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, +and may be had, by order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen.</i></p> +<p><i>We are unavoidably compelled to postpone numerous NOTES, +QUERIES, AND REPLIES: indeed we see no way of clearing off our +accumulation of REPLIES without the publication of an extra Number, +to be devoted exclusively to the numerous Answers which we now have +waiting for insertion.</i></p> +<p>GUTCH'S Literary and Scientific Regsiter and Almanack, +<i>advertised in our last No., is for</i> 1851 <i>not</i> 1850.</p> +<p>Mr. G.B. RICHARDSON <i>would oblige us by forwarding the +additional verses of</i> "Long Lonkin" <i>for our correspondent</i> +SELEUCUS.</p> +<p>A CONSTANT SUBSCRIBER <i>will find the line</i>,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Music hath charms to soothe the savage breast,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>in Congreve's</i> Mourning Bride.</p> +<p>JANUS DOUSA. <i>In our next No.</i></p> +<p>MEDICUS, <i>who inquires respecting the origin of the proverbial +saying, "Quem Deus vult perdere," is referred to our First +Volume</i>, pp. 347. 351. 421. and 476. <i>The original line reads +"Quem Jupiter vult," and is Barnes' translation of a fragment +of</i> Euripides. <span class="pagenum"><a name="page304" id= +"page304"></a>{304}</span></p> +<hr class="adverts" /> +<p>THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXIV., is published THIS DAY.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>CONTENTS:<br /> +I. TICKNOR'S HISTORY OF SPANISH LITERATURE.<br /> +II. CHURCH AND EDUCATION IN WALES.<br /> +III. FORMS OF SALUTATION.<br /> +IV. SIBERIA AND CALIFORNIA.<br /> +V. MURE ON THE LITERATURE OF GREECE.<br /> +VI. METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY.<br /> +VII. ANECDOTES OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT.<br /> +VIII. COCHRANES'S YOUNG ITALY.<br /> +IX. LAST DAY OF LOUIS-PHILIPPE.</p> +<p>JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<p>Will be published on the 1st of November, 1850, with the other +Almanacks,</p> +<p>THE LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC REGISTER AND ALMANACK for 1851. +Price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>Dedicated by especial permission to H.R.H. Prince Albert, by +J.W.G. GUTCH, M.R.C.S.L., F.L.S.;</p> +<p>Containing a condensed mass of scientific and useful information +alike valuable to the student and man of science.</p> +<p>Tenth Yearly issue.</p> +<p>Published by D. BOGUE, Fleet Street, London</p> +<hr /> +<p>Shortly will be Published.</p> +<p>THE ARCHITECTURAL QUARTERLY REVIEW. A Literary Periodical +devoted to Works appertaining to the Art and Science of +Architecture. Prospectuses may be obtained from the Publisher. +Letters for the Editor, and books, drawings, models, and specimens, +to be addressed to the care of the Publisher.</p> +<p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Royal 4to., cloth, price 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p> +<p>EXAMPLES OF ANCIENT PULPITS EXISTING IN ENGLAND. Selected and +drawn from Sketches and Measurements taken on the Spot, with +Descriptive Letterpress. By FRANCIS T. DOLLMAN, Architect.</p> +<p>This Work contains thirty quarto Plates, three of which are +highly finished in Colours, restored accurately from the existing +indications. The Pulpits delineated are St. Westburga, Chester: SS. +Peter and Paul, Shrewsbury; St. Michael, Coventry; St. Mary, +Wendon; St. Mary and All Saints, Fotheringay; All Saints, North +Cerney; Holy Trinity, Nallsea; St. Peter Winchcombe; St. John +Baptist, Cirencester; St. Mary, Totness; St. Mary, Frampton. Holy +Trinity, Old Aston; St. Benedict, Glastonbury; St. Peter, +Wolverhampton: St. Andrew, Cheddar (coloured); St. Andrew, Banwell; +St. George, Brakworth; Holy Trinity, Long Sutton (coloured); St. +Saviour, Dartmouth (coloured); All Saints, Sudbury; All Saints, +Hawstead; St. Mary de Lode, Gloucester; St. Mary, North +Petherton.</p> +<p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>To be completed in Four Parts, Parts I. and II., price +5<i>s.</i> each plain; 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> coloured.</p> +<p>ANTIQUARIAN GLEANINGS IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND: being Examples of +Antique Furniture, Plate, Church Decoration, Objects of Historical +Interest, &c. Drawn and etched by W.B. SCOTT.</p> +<p>"A collection of antiquarian relics, chiefly in the decorative +branch of art, preserved in the northern counties, portrayed by a +very competent hand ... All are drawn with that distinctness which +makes them available for the antiquarian, for the artist who is +studying costume, and for the study of decorative +art."—<i>Spectator.</i></p> +<p>Parts III. and IV., completing the Work, are in preparation, and +will be published shortly.</p> +<p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<blockquote> +<p>THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, No CLXXXVIII., will be publishd on +THURSDAY, October 10th, 1850.</p> +<p class="i2">I. HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.<br /> +II. THE UNITED STATES.<br /> +III. BRITISH MUSEUM: CATALOGUE OF PRINTED BOOKS.<br /> +IV. MURE'S CRITICAL HISTORY OF THE LANGUAGE<br /> +AND LITERATURE OF ANTIENT GREECE.<br /> +V. COL. CHESNEY'S EXPEDITION TO THE EUPHRATES AND TIGRIS.<br /> +VI. RECENT CLASSICAL ROMANCES.<br /> +VIII. DIFFICULTIES OF REPLUBLICAN FRANCE.<br /> +IX. HORACE AND TASSO.</p> +<p>London: LONGMAN AND CO. Edinburgh: A. and C. BLACK.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<p>MR. L.A. LEWIS'S SALES for OCTOBER, 1850, FRIDAY 11TH., and +SATURDAY 12th. Valuable Books, Architechural Books, Books of +Prints, &c., from the West of England, including Stuart and +Revett's Antiquities of Athens, 4 vols.; unedited Antiuities of +Attica; Piranesi Campus Martius Antiqua Orbis; Houghton Gallery, 2 +vols; Bowyer's Hume's England; Rogers' Collection of Prints, 2 +vols.; Knorr, Deliciæ Naturæ Selectæ, 2 vols.; +Tableaux Historiques de la Révolution Française, 2 +vols.; Stow's London, by Strype, 2 vols.; Domesday Book, 2 vols.; +Edmondson's Heraldry, 2 vols.; Illustrated London News, 11 vols.; +Encyclopædia Metropolitana, 29 vols.; Neale's Gentlemen's +Seats, 6 vols.; Loddiges' Botanical Cabinet, 10 vols., large paper; +Maund's Botanic Garden, 9 vols.; Sweet's Geraniums, 5 vols.; +Beauties of England and Wales, 32 vols.; Hogarth's Works, 3 vols., +red morocco; Knight's London, 6 vols.; Retrospective Review, 14 +vols.; Bayle, Dictionnaire Historique, 16 vols.; Lodge's +Illustrious Portraits, 10 vols.; Knight's Pictorial Bible, 3 vols.; +Clarke's Commentary on the Bible, 6 vols.; a few Pictures and +Prints, &c.</p> +<p>FRIDAY, 18TH, AND SATURDAY, 19TH.—Books, including the +stock of the late Mr. C. Whiten.</p> +<p>FRIDAY, 25TH,—Pictures, Prints, Books, Stereotype Plates, +Copyrights, Books in Quires, &c.</p> +<p>Mr. C.A. Lewis will have Sales on each Friday in November and +December.</p> +<p>125. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Just published, Part 9, price 9<i>s.</i>, plain; Tinted, small +paper, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; Proof, large paper, 12<i>s.</i></p> +<p>THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE AGES: or, Select Specimens of Early +and Middle Pointed Structures; with a few of the pures; Late +Pointed Examples, Illustrated by Geometric and Perspective +Drawings. By HENRY BOWMAN and J.S. CROWTHER, Architects. Containing +Illustrations of St. Peter's Church, Thrukingham, Norfolk; St. +John's, Cley, Norfolk; and St. Andrew's, Heckington, +Lincolnshire.</p> +<p>To be completed in Twenty Parts, each containing Six Plates, +Imperial folio. Issued at intervals of two months.</p> +<p>"Ewerby is a magnficent specimen of a Flowing Middle-Pointed +Church. it is most perfectly measured and described: one can follow +the most rcondite beauties of the construction, mouldings and +joints, in these Plates, almost as well as in the original +structure. Such a monograph as this will be of incalculable value +to the architects of our Colonies or the United States, who have no +means of access to ancient churches. The Plates are on stone, done +with remarkable skill and distinctness. Of Heckington we can only +say that the perspective view from the south-east presents a very +vision of beauty; we can hardle conceive anything more perfect. We +heartlily recommend this series to all who are able to patronize +it."—<i>Ecclesiologist</i>, Oct. 1849.</p> +<p>"This, if completed in a similar manner to the Parts now out, +will be a beautiful and valuable work. The perspective of St. +Andrew's, Heckington, is a charming specimen of lithography, by +Hawkins. We unhesitatingly recommend Messrs. Bowman and Crowther's +work to our readers, as likely to be useful to +them."—<i>Builder</i>.</p> +<p>London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at +No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of +London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in +the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, +Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, +October 5. 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13480 ***</div> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f68e03 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #13480 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/13480) diff --git a/old/13480-8.txt b/old/13480-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad1c756 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/13480-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2323 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 49, Saturday, +Oct. 5, 1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 49, Saturday, Oct. 5, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September 16, 2004 [EBook #13480] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, David +King, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 49.] SATURDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {289} + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:--Page + Stray Notes on Cunningham's London. 289 + Satirical Song upon Villiers Duke of Buckingham, by Dr. Rimbault. 291 + Baker's Notes on Author of "Whole Duty of Man," by Rev. J.E.B. Mayor. 292 + Mistake about George Wither, by Dr. Rimbault. 293 + Useful _v._ Useless Learning. 293 + Minor Notes:--Numerals--Junius and Sir P. Francis--Jews under the + Commonwealth--"Is any thing but," &c.--Fastitocalon. 294 + +QUERIES:-- + Bishop Cosin's Conference. 295 + Engleman's "Bibliotheca Scriptorum Classicorum," by Professor De + Morgan. 296 + Minor Queries:--Portrait of Sir P. Sidney--Confession--Scotch + Prisoners at Worcester--Adamson's Edward II.--Sir Thomas + Moore--Dr. E. Cleaver--Gwyan's London--Coronet--Cinderella--Judas' + Bell--Dozen of Bread--Kings Skuggsia--Coins of + Gandophares--Satirical Medals. 296 + +REPLIES:-- + Gaudentio di Lucca. 298 + On a Passage in the Tempest, by J. Payne Collier. 299 + Gray's Elegy. 300 + Bishops and their Precedence. 301 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of + his Time--What is the correct Prefix of Mayors--Marks of Cadency. 302 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 303 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 303 + Notices to Correspondents. 303 + Advertisments. 304 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +STRAY NOTES ON CUNNINGHAM'S LONDON. + +The following notes are so trivial, that I should have scrupled to send +them on any other ground than that so well-conceived and +labouriously-executed a work should have its most minute and unimportant +details as correct as possible. This, in such a work, can only be +effected by each reader pointing out the circumstances that he has +reason to believe are not quite correctly or completely given in it. + +Page 24. _Astronomical Society._--The library has been recently +augmented by the incorporation with it of the books and documents (as +well as the members) of the _Mathematical Society of London_ +(Spitalfields). It contains the most complete collection of the English +mathematical works of the last century known to exist. A friend, who has +examined them with some care, specifies particularly some of the tracts +published in the controversy raised by Bishop Berkeley respecting "the +ghosts of departed quantities," of which he did before know the +existence. + +The instruments to which Mr. Cunningham refers as bequeathed to the +Society, are not used there, nor yet allowed to lie unused. They are +placed in the care of active practical observers, according as the +special character of the instruments and the special subjects to which +each observer more immediately devotes his attention, shall render the +assignment of the instrument expedient. The instruments, however, still +remain the property of the Society. + +P. 37. _Bath House._--Date omitted. + +P. 143.--Evan's Hotel, Covent Garden, is described as having been once +the residence of "James West, the great collector of books, &c., and +_President of the Royal Society_." There has certainly never been a +President, or even a Secretary, of that name. However, it is just +possible that there might have been a Vice-president so named (as these +are chosen by the President from the members of the council, and the +council has not always been composed of men of science): but even this +is somewhat doubtful. + +P. 143. _Covent Garden Theatre._--No future account of this theatre will +be complete without the facts connected with the ill-starred Delafield; +just as, into the Olympic, the history of the defaulter Watts, of the +Globe Assurance Office, must also enter. + +P. 143. near top of col. 2. "Heigho! says Kemble."--Before this period, +a variation of the _rigmarole_ upon which this is founded had become +poplular, from the humour of Liston's singing at Sadler's Wells. I have +a copy of the music and the words; altogether identical with those in +the music. Of these, with other matters connected with the {290} amorous +frog, I shall have something more to say hereafter. This notice is to be +considered incidental, rather than as referring expressly to Mr. +Cunningham's valuable book. + +P. 153. _Deans Yard, Westminster._--Several of the annual budgets of +abuse, obscenity, and impudent imposture, bearing on their title-pages +various names, but written by "John Gadbury, Student in Physic and +Astrology," were dated from "my house, Brick Court, Dean's Yard, +Westminster;" or this slightly varied, occasionally being, "Brick Court, +_near_ the Dean's Yard," &c. I have not seen a complete series of +Gadbury's _Almanacks_, but those I refer to range from 1688 to 1694 +(incomplete). His burial in St. Margaret's, Westminster, in 1704, is +noticed by Mr. Cunningham, at p. 313. As brick was then only used in the +more costly class of domestic buildings, this would seem to indicate +that _prophecy_ was then a lucrative trade; and that the successor and +pupil of the "arch-rogue, William Lilly" was quite as fortunate in his +speculations as his master had been. It is a truth as old as society +itself, that "knaves grow rich while honest men starve." Whilst Gadbury +was "wallowing in plenty," the author of _Hudibras_ was perishing for +want of a crust! + +P. 153. _Denzil Street._--Here, about the middle of the street, on the +south side, lived Theophilus Holdred, a jobbing watchmaker, whose name +will always hold a place in one department of mathematical history. He +discovered a method of approximating to the roots of numerical +equations, of considerable ingenuity. He, however, lost in his day and +generation the reputation that was really due to him for it, by his +laying claim to more than he had effected, and seeking to deprive other +and more gifted men of the reputation due to a more perfect solution of +the same problem. He was, indeed, brought before the public as the tool +of a faction; and, as the tools of faction generally are, he was +sacrificed by his own supporters when he was no longer of any use to +them. + +I once called upon him, in company with Professor Leyburn, of the Royal +Military College, but I forget whether in 1829 or 1830. We found him at +his bench--a plain, elderly, and heavy-looking personage. He seemed to +have become "shy" of our class, and some time and some address were +requisite to get him to speak with any freedom: but ultimately we placed +him at his ease, and he spoke freely. We left him with the conviction +that he was the _bonâ fide_ discoverer of his own method; and that he +had no distinct conception, even then, of the principle of the methods +which he had been led by his friends to claim, of having _also_ +discovered _Horner's_ process before Horner himself had published it. He +did not (ten years after the publication of Horner's method) even then +understand it. He understood his own perfectly, and I have not the +slightest doubt of the correctness of his own statement, of its having +been discovered by him fifty years before. + +P. 166. _Dulwich Gallery._--This is amongst the unfortunate consequences +of taking lists upon trust. Poor Tom Hurst[1] has not been in the +churchyard these last eight years--except the three last in his grave. +The last five years of his life were spent in a comfortable asylum, as +"a poor brother of the Charterhouse." He was one of the victims of the +"panic of 1825;" and though the spirit of speculation never left him, he +always failed to recover his position. He is referred to here, however, +to call Mr. Cunningham's attention to the necessity, in a _Hand-book_ +especially, of referring his readers correctly to the places at which +_tickets_ are to be obtained for any purpose whatever. It discourages +the visitor to London when he is thus "sent upon a fool's errand;" and +the Cockney himself is not in quite so good a humour with the author for +being sent a few steps out of his way. + +P. 190. _Rogers_--a Cockney by inference. I {291} should like to see +this more decidedly established. I am aware that it is distinctly so +stated by Chambers and by Wilkinson; but a remark once made to me by +Mrs. Glendinning (the wife of Glendinning, the printer, of Hatton +Garden) still leads me to press the inquiry. + +P. 191.--_The Free Trade Club_ was dissolved before the publication of +this edition of the _Handbook_. + +P. 192.--And to Sir John Herschel, on his return from the Cape of Good +Hope. + +P. 210. _Royal Society._--From a letter of Dr. Charles Hutton, in the +_Newcastle Magazine_ (vol. i. 2nd series), it appears that at the time +of Dr. Dodd's execution the Fellows were in the habit of adjourning, +after the meetings, to Slaughter's Coffee House, "to eat oysters," &c. +The celebrated John Hunter, who had attempted to resuscitate the +ill-fated Doctor, was one of them. "The Royal Society Club" was +instituted by Sir Joseph Banks. + +P. 221. _Hanover Square._--Blank date. + +P. 337. _Millbank Prison._--It was designed, not by "Jeremy Bentham," +but by his brother, the great mechanist, Sir Samuel Bentham. In passing, +it may be remarked that the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, is +constructed on the same principle, and, as was stated in the _Mechanics' +Magazine_, on authority, a year or two ago, by the same engineer. +General rumour has, however, attributed the design to his gracious +Majesty George III; and its being so closely in keeping with the known +spirit of _espionage_ of that monarch certainly gave countenance to the +rumour. It may be as well to state, however, that, so designed and so +built, it has never yet been so used. + +P. 428.--_Benbow_, not a native of Wapping, but of Shrewsbury. A life of +him was published nearly forty years ago, by that veteran of local and +county history, Mr. Charles Hulbert, in the _Salopian Magazine_. + +P. 499. _Whitfield._--Certainly not the founder of the Methodists, in +the ordinary or recognised acceptation of the term. John Wesley was at +the head of that movement from the very first, and George Whitfield and +Charles Wesley were altogether subordinate to him. Wesley and Whitfield +parted company on the ground of Arminianism _versus_ Calvinism. For a +while the two sects kept the titles of "Arminian Methodists" and +"Calvinistic Methodists." The latter made but little ground afterwards, +and the distinctive adjective was dropped by the Wesleyans when the +Whitfieldites had ceased to be a prominent body. + +P. 515. _Doctor Dodd._--The great interest excited in favour of a +commutation of his sentence, led to the belief at the time, that his +life had not been really sacrificed. Many plausible stories respecting +the Doctor having been subsequently seen alive, were current; and as +they may possibly in some future age be revived, and again pass into +general currency, it may be as well to state that the most positive +evidence to the contrary exists, in a letter of Dr. Hutton's before +referred to. The _attempt to resuscitate him was actually made_, by a no +less distinguished surgeon than John Hunter. He seemed then to attribute +the failure to his having _received the body too late_. Wonderful +effects were at that time expected to result from the discovery of +galvanism; but it would have been wonderful indeed if any restoration +had taken place after more than two hours of suspended animation. John +Hunter, according to the account, does not seem to have been very +communicative on the subject, even to his philosophical friends at +Slaughter's Oyster Rooms. + +T.S.D. + +Shooter's Hill. + +[Footnote 1: It may not be out of place here to mention one fine feature +in the character of "Tom Hurst;" his deep reverence for men of ability, +whether in literature, science, or art. Take one instance: + + +Fourteen or fifteen years ago, I called one morning at his place of +business (then 65. St. Paul's Church Yard, which has been subsequently +absorbed into the "Religious Tract Depository"); and, as was my custom, +I walked through the shop to his private room. He was "not in;" but a +gentleman, who first looked at me and then at a portrait of me on the +wall, accosted me by my surname as familiarly as an intimate +acquaintance of twenty years would have done. He and Hurst, it appeared, +had been speaking of me, suggested by the picture, before Hurst went +out. The familiar stranger did not keep me long in suspense--he +intimated that I had "probably heard our friend speak of Ben Haydon." Of +course I had; and we soon got into an easy chat. Hurst was naturally a +common subject with us. Amongst the remarks he made were the following, +and in almost the words:-- + +"When my troubles came on, I owed Hurst a large sum of money; and the +circumstances under which I became his debtor rendered this peculiarly a +debt of honour. He lent it me when he could ill spare it; yet he is the +only one of all my creditors who has not in one way or other persecuted +me to the present hour. When he first knew of my wreck, he called upon +me--_not to reproach but to encourage me_--and he would not leave me +till he felt sure that he had changed the moody current of my thoughts. +If there be any change in him since then, it is in his increased +kindness of manner and his assiduity to serve me. He is now gone out to +try to sell 'a bit of daub' for me." + +Hurst came in, and this conversation dropped; but it had been well had +Hurst been by his side on the day his last picture was opened to view at +the Egyptian Hall. The catastrophe of that night might have been +averted, notwithstanding Mr. Barnum and his Tom Thumb show in the +adjoining room.] + + * * * * * + +SATIRICAL SONG UPON GEORGE VILLIERS, DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM. + +In turning over some old bundles of papers of the early part of the +seventeenth century, I met with the following satirical effusion upon +"James's infamous prime minister," George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham. +As an echo of the popular feelings of the people at the time it was +written, it merits preservation; and although I have seen other +manuscript copies of the ballad, it has never yet, as far as I can +learn, appeared in print. + +It appears to be a parody or paraphrase of a well-known ballad of the +period, the burden of which attracted the notice of the satirist. It +afterwards became a common vehicle of derision during the civil war, as +may be seen by turning over the pages of the collection entitled _Rump +Songs_, and the folio volumes of the king's pamphlets. + +The _original_ of these parodies has hitherto eluded my researches. It +is not among the Pepysian, Roxburghe, Wood, or Douce ballads, but +perhaps some of your readers may be able to point it out in some public +or private collection. + + "Come heare, Lady Muses, and help mee to sing, + Come love mee where I lay; + Of a duke that deserves to be made a king-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "Our Buckingham Duke is the man that I meane, + Come love mee where I lay; + On his shoulders the weale of the kingdome doth leane-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "O happiest kingdome that ever was kind, + Come love mee where I lay; + And happie the king that hath such a friend-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. {292} + + "Needs must I extoll his worth and his blood-- + Come love mee where I lay; + And his sweet disposition soe milde and soe good-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "Those innocent smiles that embelish his face, + Come love mee where I lay; + Who sees them not tokens of goodness and grace-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "And what other scholler could ever arise, + Come love mee where I lay; + From a master that was soe sincere and wise-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "Who is hee could now from his grave but ascend, + Come love mee where I lay; + Would surely the truth of his service commend-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "The king understands how he honors his place, + Come love me where I lay; + Which is to his majestie noe little grace-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "And therefore the government justly hath hee, + Come love mee where I lay; + Of horse for the land, and shipps for the sea-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "What, though our fleet be our enemies debtor, + Come love mee where I lay; + Wee brav'd them once, and wee'l brave them better-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "And should they land heere they should bee disjointed, + Come love mee where I lay; + And find both our horse and men bravely appointed-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "Then let us sing all of this nobel duke's praise, + Come love mee where I lay; + And pray for the length of his life and his daies-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "And when that death shall close up his eyes, + Come love mee where I lay; + God take him up into the skies-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way." + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +"WHOLE DUTY OF MAN," AUTHOR OF. + +(From Baker's MSS, vol. xxxv. p. 469-470. Cambridge University Library.) + + "Octo'r 31. 1698. Mr. Thomas Caulton, Vicar of Worksop, &c. [as + in the note p. xiii. to the editor's Preface, ed. 1842, with + unimportant variations, such as _Madam Frances Heathcote_, where + the printed copy has _Mrs. Heathcote_; Baker reads _Madam Ayre + of Rampton after dinner took_, where the printed copy has, _Mrs. + Eyre_. After _was dead_, follows in Baker,] and that in that + Month she had buried her Husband and severall Relations, but + that her comfort was, that by her Monthly Sacraments she + participated still with them in the Communion of Saints. + + "Then she went to her Closet, and fetched out a Manuscript, w'ch + she said was the original of the _Whole Duty of Man_, tied + together and stitched, in 8'vo, like Sermon notes. She untied + it, saying, it was Dr. Fell's Correction and that the Author was + the Lady Packington (her Mother), in whose hand it was written. + + "To prove this, the s'd Mr. Caulton further added that she said, + she had shewn it to Dr. Covell, Master of Christ's College[2] in + Cambridge, Dr. Stamford, Preb. of York, and Mr. Banks the + present Incumbent of the Great Church in Hull. She added, + withall, that _The Decay of Christian Piety_ was hers (The Lady + Packington's) also, but disowned any of the rest to be her + Mother's. + + "This is a true Copy of what I wrote, from Mr. Caulton's Mouth, + two days before his Decease. + + "Witness my hand, + + "Nov. 15. 98. + + "JOHN HEWYT." + + "Bp. Fell tells us, that all these Tracts were written by the + excellent Author (whom he makes to be one and the same person) + at severall times, as y'e exigence of the Church, and the + benefit of soules directed y'r composures; and that he (the + Author) did likewise publish them apart, in the same order as + they were made. The last, it seems (w'ch is _The Lively + Oracles_), came out in 1678, the very year Dr. Woodhead died. + Had the Author liv'd longer, we should have had his Tract _Of + the Government of the Thoughts_, a work he had undertaken; and + certainly (as Bp. Fell hath told us), had this work been + finished, 'twould have equall'd, if not excelled, whatever that + inimitable hand had formerly wrote. Withall it may be observ'd, + that the Author of these Tracts speaks of the great Pestilence, + and of the great Fire of London, both w'ch happen'd after the + Restoration, whereas Bp. Chappell died in 1649. And further, in + sect. vii. of the _Lively Oracles_, n. 2., are these words, w'ch + I think cannot agree to Bp. Chappell [and less to Mr. Woodhead]. + _I would not be hasty in charging Idolatry upon the Church of + Rome, or all in her Communion; but that their Image-Worship is a + most futall snare, in w'ch vast numbers of unhappy Souls are + taken, no Man can doubt, who hath with any Regard travailed in + Popish Countries: I myself, and thousands of others, whom the + late troubles, or other occasions, sent abroad, are, and have + been witnesses thereof_. {293} These words seem to have been + spoke by one that had been at Rome, and was forced into those + Countries after the troubles broke out here. But as for + Chappell, he never was at Rome, nor in any of those Countries. + + "As for Archbp. Stern, no Man will believe him to have any just + Title to any of these Tracts. [The last Passage concerning + idolatry, will not agree with Mr. Woodhead, nor the rest with + Lady Packington.] + + "In a letter from Mr. Hearne, dat. Oxon, Mar. 27, 1733, said by + Dr. Clavering, Bp. of Petr. to be wrote by one Mr. Basket, a + Clergyman of Worcestershire. See Dr. Hamond's _Letters_ + published by Mr. Peck, et ultra Quære." + +On so disputed a point as the authorship of the _Whole Duty of Man_, +your readers will probably welcome any discussion by one so competent to +form an opinion in such matters as Hearne. + +The letter above given was unknown to the editor of Mr. Pickering's +edition. + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + +Marlborough College. + +[Footnote 2: The printed copy has _Trinity_ College.] + + * * * * * + +MISTAKE ABOUT GEORGE WITHER. + +In Campbell's _Notices of the British Poets_ (edit. 1848 p. 234.) is the +following, passage from the short memoir of George Wither:-- + + "He was even afraid of being put to some mechanical trade, when + he contrived to get to London, and with great simplicity had + proposed to try his fortune at court. To his astonishment, + however, he found that it was necessary to flatter in order to + be a courtier. To show his independence, he therefore wrote his + _Abuses Whipt and Stript_, and, instead of rising at court, was + committed for some months to the Marshalsea." + +The author adds a note to this passage, to which Mr. Peter Cunningham +(the editor of the edition to which I refer) appends the remark inclosed +between brackets:-- + + "He was imprisoned for his _Abuses Whipt and Stript_; yet this + could not have been his first offence, as an allusion is made to + a former accusation. [It was for _The Scourge_ (1615) that his + first known imprisonment took place.]" + +I cannot discover upon any authority sufficient ground for Mr. +Campbell's note resecting a _former_ accusation against Wither. He was +undoubtedly imprisoned for his _Abuses Whipt and Stript_, which first +appeared in print in 1613, but I do not think an _earlier_ offence can +be proved against him. It has been supposed, upon the authority of a +passage in the _Warning Piece to London_, that the first edition of this +curious work appeared in 1611; but I am inclined to think that the +lines,-- + + "In sixteen hundred ten and one, + I notice took of public crimes," + +refers to the period at which the "Satirical Essays" were _composed_. +Mr. Willmott, however (_Lives of the Sacred Poets_, p. 72.), thinks that +they point to an earlier publication. But it is not likely that Wither +would so soon again have committed himself by the publication of the +_Abuses_ in 1613, if he had suffered for his "liberty of speech" so +shortly before. + +Mr. Cunningham's addition to Mr. Campbell's note is incorrect. The +_Scourge_ is part of the _Abuses Whipt and Stript_ printed in 1613 (a +copy of which is now before me), to which it forms a postscript. Wood, +who had never seen it, speaks of it as a _separate_ publication; but Mr. +Willmott has corrected this error, although he had only the means of +referring to the edition of the _Abuses_ printed in 1615. Mr. +Cunningham's note, that Wither was imprisoned for the _Scourge_ in 1615, +is a mistake; made, probably, by a too hasty perusal of Mr. Willmott's +charming little volume on our elder sacred poets. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +USEFUL VERSUS USELESS LEARNING + +A single and practical plan for the formation of a complete and useful +library and _respository_ of _universal_ literary knowledge. + +The design which I propose in the following few lines, is one which I +should imagine nearly all the more learned and literary of your readers +would _wish_ to see _already in existence_ and when I show that it might +be effected _with very little trouble and expense_ (indeed _no_ trouble +but such as would be a _pleasure_ to those interested in the work), and +that the greatest advantage would follow from it,--I hope that it may +meet with favourable consideration from some of the numerous, able, and +influential readers and correspondents of your journal. + +I am the more induced to hope this from the fact of such a wish having +been partially expressed by some of your contributors, and the excellent +leading articles of Nos. 1 and 2. + +What I propose is simply this: the SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT of _all_ the +existing literary knowledge in the world that is considered _of value_ +by those best qualified to judge, disposed in such a manner as to answer +these two purposes: 1st, to give a general connected and classified +_view_ of the literary treasures of the whole world, beginning from the +most ancient in each language and department (including only what is +valuable in each); and, 2dly, to afford the greatest possible _facility_ +(by means of arrangement, references and _indexes_) to every inquirer +for finding _at once_ the information he is in search of, if it is to be +found _anywhere_ by looking for it. + +There are two ways in which this work might be accomplished, both of +which were desirable, though even one only would be much better than +none. + +The first and most complete is, to make a real COLLECTION of all those +works, arranged in the {294} most perfect systematic order; and, while +doing so, to make at the same time a corresponding classified +_Catalogue_. + +The chief (and almost the only) _difficulty_ in the way of this would +be, to find a _room_ (or suite of rooms) to contain such a library and +repository; but such would probably be found if sought. + +The other way in which this object might be attained is by the formation +of a simple CATALOGUE in the same order, such as does already exist and +lies open for public use (though only in manuscript, and not so +accurately classified as might be) in the noble library of the Dublin +University. + +This plan would be _far easier_ than (besides forming the best possible +_basis_ for) that so urgently advocated by MR. BOLTON CORNEY (Vol. i. +pp. 9, 42, 43.). + +Of course so extensive a design would require to be distributed among +many hundred persons; but so does any great work: while, by each +individual undertaking that department in which he is most interested +and most experienced, the whole might be accomplished easily and +pleasantly. + +The great fault of antiquarians is, that they are constantly _beginning +at the wrong end_: they fix on some one piece of information that they +want to get, and devote a world of labour to hunting about in all +directions for anything bearing on the subject; whereas the rational way +obviously is, to have the whole existing mass of (valuable) knowledge +_classified_, and then the inquirer would know _where_ to look for his +purpose. + +Of course there will always remain much knowledge of a miscellaneous and +irregular nature which is picked up by accident, and does not come +within the scope of the present design; but this is generally of a +trifling and fugitive kind, and does not at all controvert the principle +above laid down. + +In conclusion, I have worked out a tolerably complete series of +arrangements for the above design, showing its practicability as well as +usefulness, which will be much at the service of any one who can use +them for the furtherance of that object. + +W. D. + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Numerals._--For the old Indian forms, see Prinsep's _Journal Asiatic +Soc. Bengal_, 1838, p. 348. The prospectus of _Brugsh, Numerorum apud +Egyptios Demoticorum Doctrina_, Berlin, promises to give from papyri and +inscriptions not only the figures, but the forms of operation. Probably +the system assumed its present form by the meeting of the Indian and +Egyptian traders at some emporium near the mouth of the Indus. Peacock +seems to give undue weight to the fact, that the Tibetans have a copious +nomenclature for high numbers: their arithmetic, doubtless, came with +their alphabet, and the Buddhist legends from India. + +F.Q. + + +_Junnius and Sir Philip Francis._--A few years ago, an aged intelligent +person named Garner was living at Belgrave, near Leicester. I have heard +him say that, when he was a farm bailiff to Lord Thanet, at Sevenoaks, +in Kent, Sir Philip Francis was a frequent visitor there, and had a +private room set apart for literary occupation. On one occasion, when he +(Mr. Garner) was riding over the farm with Sir Philip Francis, the +former alluded to one of the replies to Junius, by a clergyman who had +been the subject of the "Great Unknown's" anonymous attacks, adding, +"They say, Sir Philip, you are Junius." Sir Philip did not deny that he +was the man, but simply smiled at the remark. This, and other +circumstances coupled with the fact of Sir Philip's frequent visits to +the house of so noted a politician as Lord Thanet, rendered Mr. Garner a +firm believer in the identity of Sir Philip and Junius to the end of his +days. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Jews under the Commonwealth_ (Vol. i., pp. 401. 474.; vol ii., p. +25.).--There is a confirmation of the story of the Jews being in treaty +for St. Paul's and the Oxford Library in a passage in Carte's _Letters_, +i. 276, April 2, 1649:-- + + "They are about demolishing and selling cathedral churches. I + hear Norwich is designed already, and that the Jews proffer + 600,000l. for Paul's and Oxford Library, and may have them for + 200,000l. more." + +CH. + + +"_Is anything but," &c._--As your work seems adapted, amongst other +subjects, to check the introduction into our language of undesirable +words, phrases, and forms of speech, I would call the attention of your +readers to the modern phrases, "is anything but," and the like, which +have lately crept into use, and will be found, in many (otherwise) +well-written books. + +I read the phrase "is anything but," for the first time, in Napier's +_Peninsular War_; where it struck me as being so much beneath the +dignity of historical composition, and at the same time asserting an +impossibility, that I meditated calling the author's attention to it. +The not unfrequent use of the same phrase by other writers, since that +time, has by no means reconciled me to its use. + +In the _Edinburgh Review_ for January last (1850) I find the following +sentence:--"But as pains have been taken to fix the blame _upon any one +except_ the parties culpable;" and in the July number of the same +_Review_ (p. 90.) occurs the sentence, "_any impulse rather than_ that of +patriotism," &c. + +Now, a "thing," or "person," or "impulse,"--though it may not be the +"thing," or "person," or "impulse" charged as the agent,--must yet be +some _certain_ and _specific_ thing, or party, or impulse, {295} if +existing as an agent at all in the matter; and cannot be "_any_ thing," +or "_any_ party," or "_any_ impulse," in the _indefinite_ sense intended +in these phrases. Moreover, there seems no difficulty in expressing, in +a simple and direct manner, that the agent was a very different, or +opposite, or dissimilar "thing," or "person," or "impulse" from that +supposed. + +I wish some persons of competent authority in the science of our +language (and many such there are who write in your pages) would take up +this subject, with a view to preserve the purity of it; and would also, +for the future, exercise a watchful vigilance over the use, for the +_first_ time, of any incorrect, or low words or phrases, in composition; +and so endeavour to confine them to the vulgar, or to those who ape the +vulgar in their style. + +P.H.F. + + +_Fastitocalon._--_Fastitocalon. Cod. Exon._ fol. 96. b. p. 360. 18. read +[Greek: Aspido ... chelonae]. Tychsen, _Physiologus Syrus_, cap. xxx.: +did the digamma get to Crediton by way of Cricklade? + +F.Q. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES + +BISHOP COSIN'S CONFERENCE. + +Basire in his _Dead Man's Real Speech_ (pp. 59, 60.), amongst other +"notable instances" of Bishop Cosin's zeal and constancy in defence of +the Church of England, mentions + + "A solemn conference both by word and writing betwixt him and + the Prior of the English Benedictines at Paris, supposed to be + Robinson. The argument was concerning the validity of the + ordination of our priests, &c., in the Church of England. The + issue was, our Doctor had the better so far, that he could never + get from the Prior any reply to his last answer. This conference + was undertaken to fix a person of honour then wavering about + that point; the sum of which conference (as I am informed), was + written by Dr. Cosin to Dr. Morley, the now Right Reverend Lord + Bishop of Winchester, in two letters bearing date June 11, July + 11, 1645." + +The substance of this conference has been preserved among the Smith +Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; but it is not in the form of +letters to Dr. Morley. Vol. xl. of this valuable collection of +manuscripts contains (as described in Smith's table of contents):-- + + 1. "Papers of Bp. Cosins in defence of the Ordination of the + Church of England against father Prior. + + "The first of these is Bp. Cosin's Review of the Father's + Letter, &c. [the title-page is placed at p. 77.] + + "Then follows a letter (which is indeed the Bishop's first + paper, and should be put first) from Bishop Cosin to the Father. + + "After that the Father's Answer to Bishop Cosin's Review at p. + 81. + + "Then come two other papers about the validity of our + Ordination, with a preface concerning the occasion, p. 89." + + 2. "Then, p. 101., A Letter from a _Rom. Cath._ to a Lady about + communicating in one kind,--with Bishop Cosin's Answer." + + 3. "Lastly, in p. 123., is A Letter of Bp. Cosin's to Dr. + Collins concerning the Sabbath." + +The order in which the papers under the first head, about our English +ordination, should fall, appears to be as follows:-- + +1. There is a note attached to p. 65., evidently written by Dr. Tho. +Smith himself in the following words: + + "Transcript of several papers of Bishop Cosin's sent to me by + Dr. J. Smith, Prebendary of Durham.--T.S." + +2. At p. 77. the title-page is given thus: + + "A Review of a Letter sent from F.P.R. to a Lady (whom he would + have persuaded to the Rom. party) in Opposition to a former + paper given him for the defence of the Church of England in the + Ordination of Priests." + +To this are appended the respective forms of ordering priests used in +the Church of England and in the Roman Church. + +3. Then, at p. 89., we have the "occasion of this ... Discourse +concerning the Ordination of Priests," &c. This is a kind of preface, +which contains the first paper that was given to the Prior, dated June +14, 1645; also another paper, bearing date July 11, 1645, but ending +abruptly in the middle of a sentence, and having written below it +(probably in Dr. J. Smith's hand) the following note: + + "The rest of this is not yet found, and that which is written + thus far is not in the Bishop's own hand, but the copy is very + fair." + +However, this second paper (ending thus abruptly) appears to be no more +than the first draft of a long letter from Cosin to the Prior, which +commences at p. 65. of this MS., and which is dated "from the Court of +S. Germains, July 11, 1645;" for not only does this letter bear the same +_date_ as the before-mentioned fragment, but it begins by complaining of +the tone of expression in a letter evidently received from the Prior +after the draft had been prepared, but before it was sent off; and it +concludes with the following note appended as a postscript: + + "Sir, + + "The enclosed (most of it) was prepared for you a fortnight + since; but now (upon the occasion given by your letter) you have + it with some advantage from + + "Your servt., J.C. + + "I desire the fav" + + "S. Germ. July 12." + +4. The most important part of this MS., however, is contained in the +long letter or treatise {296} placed first in the volume, and bearing +for its title, "A View of F.P.'s Answer to the First Paper." + +This is dated from S. Germains, July 25, 1645 and would appear to be +Cosin's last letter. But, if it be really so, Basire must, I think, be +in error, when he says, "Our Doctor ... could never get from the Prior +any reply to his last answer." For at p. 81. of the MS. there is a reply +to the above "Review of a Letter sent by F.R. to a Lady," &c. which, +though copied without either date or signature, was evidently written by +the Prior, whilst it professes to be a reply to a treatise closely +answering to Cosin's letter of July 25, but which letter the writer did +not receive (as he states) before the 26th of September. + +I wish yet further to take notice, that Dr. Tho. Smith, in His _Vitæ_ +(Lond. 1707, præf. pp. vii, viii.), refers to these manuscripts in the +following satisfactory manner:-- + + "Cum, post mortem D. Cosini, de pretio et valore schedarum, quas + reliquit, hæredibus non satis constaret, ... auspieatò tandem + devenit, ut favore, beneficio, et perquam insigni humanitate + reverendi et doctissimi viri, D. Joannis Smith, Sacræ Theologiæ + Professoris Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis Præbendarii, quorum frequens + hac de re commercium literarum, occasione data, (opportunè + intercedente prænobili et reverendo, D. Georgio Whelero, equite + aurato, et Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ Presbytero, ejusdem quoque + Ecclesiæ Cathedralis Prebendario), habui, duos libellos (tanquam + prætiosas tabulas ab isthoc infami naufragio servatas) a D. + Cosino, dum in Galliâ exularet, Anglieè conscriptos jam + possidieam: quarum unus _Vindicias Ordinatianum Ecclesieæ + Anglicanæ_ contra exceptiones et cavillationes cujusdem + Pontificii sacerdotis e gente nostra, alter _Responsionem ad + Epistolam_ nobili fæminæ Anglæ ab alio saccrdote _pro defensione + communionis sub unicâ specie administrandæ_ inscriptam, + complectitur," &c. + +I should still be glad to add to this long note the followng Queries:-- + +1. Can any of your readers kindly inform me whether Cosin's two letters +to Dr. Geo. Morley are still in existence, either in MS. or in print? + +2. Whether there be any fuller or more authentic account of the +controversy than that in these MS. preserved by the care of Dr. Smith? + +3. Whether Cosin wrote any letter to the Prior _later_ than that of July +25? + +4. Who was the _lady_ the Prior wished to seduce to the Roman party? + +5. Is there any other account of the controversy? + +J. SANSOM. + + * * * * * + +ENGELMAN'S BIBILIOTHECA SCRIPTORUM CLASSICORUM. + +A little while ago, I ordered Engelman's _Bibliotheca Scriptoram +Classicorum_, purporting to contain all such works published from 1700 +to 1846. It was furnished to my bookseller by a foreign bookseller in +_London_ with an English title, having _his own_ name on it as +publisher, and an invitation to purchase the books described in it _from +him_. As the paper and type were German, I objected and received in +consequence a new English title, with the same name upon it, and a +_shorter_ invitation to purchase from him. I was captious enough to +object even to this; and I then received a Leipzig title in German. But +there still remains a difficulty: for this German title has also the +name of a _Parisian_ bookseller upon it, _a la maison duquel on peut +s'adresser, &c._ Now, as Engelman is a bookseller, and would probably +not object to an order out of his own catalogue, of which he is both +author and publisher, the preceding, circumstances naturally raise the +following Queries: + +1. What is the real title-page of Engelman's _Catalogue_ 2. Is the +Parisian house accredited by Engelman; or has the former served the +latter as the London house has Served both? 3. Is it not desirable that +literary men should set their faces very decidedly against all and every +the slightest alteration in the genuine description of a book? 4. Would +it not be desirable that every such alteration should forthwith be +communicate to your paper? + +The English title-page omits the important fact, that the _Catalogue_ +begins at 1700, and describes it as containing _all_ editions, &c., up +to 1846. + +A. DE MORGAN. + +September 24. 1850. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Portrait of Sir P. Sidney, by Paul Veronese._--In the letters of Sir P. +Sidney which I found at Hamburg, and which were published by Pickering, +1845, it is stated that a portrait of Sidney was painted by Paul +Veronese, at Venice, for Herbert Languet. It would be very interesting +to discover the existence of this picture. + +Languet had it with him at Prague, _framed_, as he asserts, and hung up +in his room, in the year 1575. He remarks upon it, in one place, that it +represented Sidney as too young (he was nineteen when it was taken); in +another place he says that it has given him too sad an expression. I +should add, that on Languet's death, his property passed into the hands +of his friend Du Plessis. + +I am led to write to you on this subject, by having observed, a few days +since, in the collection at Blenheim, two portraits by Paul Veronese, of +persons unknown. There may be many such, and that of Sir Philip Sidney +may yet be identified. + +STEUART A. PEARS. + +Harrow, Sept. 6. + + +_Confession._--You would much oblige if you could discover the name of a +Catholic priest, in {297} German history, who submitted to die rather +than reveal a secret committed to him in confession? + +U.J.B. + + +_Scotch Prisoners at Worcester._--In Mr. Walcott's _History of St. +Margaret's Church, Westminster_, I find the following extract from +church wardens' accounts:-- + + "1652. P'd to Thos. Wright for 67 loads of soyle laid on the + graves in Tothill Fields, wherein 1200 Scotch prisoners, taken + at the fight at Worcester, were buried; and for other pains + taken with his teeme of horses, about mending the Sanctuary + Highway, when Gen. Ireton was buried." + +I have taken the pains to verify this extract, and find the figures +quite correctly given. I wish to put the Query: Is this abominable +massacre in cold blood mentioned by any of our historians? But for such +unexceptionable evidence, it would appear incredible. + +C.F.S. + + +_Adamson's Reign of Edward II._-- + + "The Reigns of King Edward II., and so far of King Edward III., + as relates to the Lives and Actions of Piers Gaveston, Hugh de + Spencer, and Roger Lord Mortimer, with Remarks thereon adapted + to the present Time: Humbly addressed to all his Majesty's + Subjects of Great Britain, &c., by _J. Adamson_. Printed for J. + Millar, near the Horse Guards, 1732, and sold by the Booksellers + of London and Westminster, price One Shilling." + +The above is the title-page of a little work of eighty-six pages in my +possession, which I am inclined to think is scarce. It appears to be a +defence of the Walpole administration from the attacks of the +_Craftsman_, a periodical of the time, conducted by Amhurst, who was +supported by Bolinbroke and Pulteney, the leaders of the opposition. Is +anything known of _J. Adamson_, the author? + +H.A.E. + + +_Sir Thomas Moore._--Can any of your readers give any account of Sir +Thomas Moore, beyond what Victor tells of him in his _History_ of the +Theatre, ii. p. 144., "that he was the author of an absurd tragedy +called _Mangora_ (played in 1717), and was knighted by George I." + +In Pope's "Epistle to Arbuthnot," he writes-- + + "Arthur, whose giddy son leglects the laws." + +on which Warburton notes-- + + "_Arthur Moore, Esq._" + +Who was _Arthur Moore, Esq._? and who was the "giddy son?" Was the +latter _James Moore Smith_ a gentleman whose family name was, I think, +_Moore_, and who assumed (perhaps for a fortune) the additional name of +_Smith_? This gentleman Pope seems to call indiscriminately _Moore_, +_Moor_, and _More_: and when he says that his good nature towards the +dunces was so great that he had even "rhymed for Moor" (Ib. v. 373.), I +cannot but suspect that the Moor _for_ whom he had _rhymed_, was the +_giddy son_ whom _Arthur_ accused him of seducing from the law to the +Muses. There are many allusions to this Mr. James Moore Smith throughout +Pope's satirical works, but all very obscure; and Warburton, though he +appears to have known him, affords no explanation as to who or what he +was. He was the author of a comedy called _The Rival Modes_. + +C. + + +_Dr. E. Cleaver, Bishop of Cork._--I shall feel much obliged to any of +your correspondents who will furnish me with the particulars of the +consecration of Dr. Euseby Cleaver to the sees of Cork and Ross, in +March, April, or May, 1789. Finding no record of the transaction in the +Diocesan Registry of Cork, and not being able to trace it in any other +part of _Ireland_, I am induced to believe that this consecration may +have taken place in _England_; and shall be very glad to be correctly +informed upon the point. + +H. COTTON. + +Thurles, Ireland. + + +_Gwynn's London and Westminster._--Mr. Thomas Frederick Hunt, in his +_Exemplars of Tudor Architecture_, 4to. London, 1830, in a note at p. +23., alludes to _London and Westminster improved, by John Gywnn, +London_, 1766, 4to., and has this remark: + + "It is a singular fact, that in this work John Gwynn pointed out + almost all the designs for the improvement of London, which have + been _devised_ by the civil and military architects of the + present day." + +And Mr. Hunt concludes by observing,, that-- + + "This discovery was made by the _Literary Gazette_." + +Will you permit me, through the medium of your useful publication, to +solicit information of the number and date of the _Literary Gazette_ +which recalled public attention to this very remarkable fact? + +§N. + + +_Coronet._--In Newbold Church, in the county of Warwick, is a monument +to the memory of Thomas Boughton of Lawford, and Elizabeth his wife, +representing him in a suit of armour, with sword and spurs, _a coronet +on his head_, and a bear at his feet, chained and muzzled. Query.--Can +any of your readers give an accurate description of this coronet? Or can +any of them mention instances of the monuments of esquires having +similar coronets? The date of his death is not given: his wife died in +the year 1454. + +Z. + + +_Cinderella._--Referring to Vol. ii., p. 214., allow me to ask in what +edition of Perrault's _Fairy Tales_ the misprint of _verre_ from _vair_ +first occurs? what is the date of their first publication, as well as +that of the translation under the title of _Mother Goose's Tales_? +whether Perrault was the originator of _Cinderella_, or from what source +he drew the tale? {298} what, moreover, is the authority for identifying +_sable_ with _vair_ for the employment of either in designating the +highest rank of princesses? + +SANDVICENSIS. + + +_Judas' Bell, Judas' Candle_ (Vol. i., pp. 195. 235. 357.).--Some time +since I asked the meaning of a Judas' Bell, and your learned +correspondent CEPHAS replied that it was only a bell so christened after +St. Jude, the apostle. However, it may have been connected with the +Judas' tapers, which, according, to the subjoined entries, were used +with the Paschal candle at Easter. May I trust to his kindness to +explain its purport? + + "_Reading Parish Accompts_. + + "1499. Itm. payed for making leng' Mr. Smyth's molde wt. a Judas + for the Pascall--vJd." + + "_St. Giles' Parish Accompts_. + + "A.D. 1514. Paid for making a Judas for Pascall iiijd." + + "_Churchwardens' Accompts of S. Martin, Outwich_. + + "1510. Paid to Randolf Merchaunt Wex Chandiler for the Pascall, + the tapers affore the Rode, the Cross Candelles, and Judas + Candelles--viiijs. iiijd." + + "_St. Margaret's, Westminster._ + + "1524. Item payed for xij. Judacis to stand with the tapers--O + ijd. O" + +MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A., Oxon. + + +_Dozen of Bread; Baker's Dozen._--In the _Chronicle of Queen Jane, and +of Two Years of Queen Mary_, lately printed for the Camden Society +(Appendix iv. p. 112.), it is stated that, amongst other particulars in +the accounts of the Chamberlain of Colchester, at which place Mary was +entertained on her way to London, there is:--"For xxxviii. _dozen of +bread_, xxxixs." In the language of the county from which I write, "a +dozen of bread" was (and I believe is yet) used to express either one +loaf, value twelvepence or two loaves, value sixpence each: and even +when the sizes and price of the loaves varied, it was used to express +the larger loaf, or the two smaller loaves. A dozen of bread was also +divided into six twopenny, or twelve penny loaves. + +But in the quotation above, thirty-eight dozen of bread are charged +thirty-nine shillings; whereas the extra one shilling, cannot be divided +into aliquot parts, so as to express the value of each of the +thirty-eight dozen of bread. + +What was a dozen of bread in 1553? + +What is a _baker's dozen_, and why so called? + +P.H.F. + + +_Kongs skuggsia._--Is anything, precise known of the date and origin of +the Icelandic Kongs skuggsia. + +F.Q. + + +_Coins of Gandophares._--Coins of Gandophares, an Indian prince, are +described by Prinsep, _Jour. Asiatic Soc. Bengal_, and in Wilson's +_Asiana_. The name is met with in the legends of St. Thomas can it be +found elsewhere? + +F.Q. + + +_Satirical Medals._--Is any printed account to be found of a very +elaborately executed series of caricature medals relating to the +revolution of 1688? + +F.Q. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + +GAUDENTIO DI LUCCA. + +(Vol. ii., p. 247.) + +The work entitled _The Adventures of Sig. Gaudentio di Lucca_ was +published at London in 1737, in 1 vol. 8vo. It purports to be a +translation from the Italian, by E.T. Gent but this is a mere fiction. +The work is evidently an English composition. It belongs to the class of +_Voyages Imaginaires_, and its main object is to describe the +institutions and manners of the Mezoranians, an Utopian community, +supposed to exist in the centre of Africa. Sig. Gaudentio is able, by an +accident, to visit this people, by the way of Egypt, and to return to +Europe; he resides at Bologna, where he falls under the suspicion of the +Inquisition, and having been brought before that tribunal, he describes +his former life, and his adventures in the country of the Mezoranians. + +A second London edition of this work, of the date of 1748, is mentioned +in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for Jan. 1777. There is an edition in +12mo., printed at Edinburgh, 1761. And there is another London edition, +in 8vo., of the year 1786. Copies of the editions of 1737 and 1786 are +in the British Museum. + +There are two French translations of the work. One is of the date 1746, +under the title of _Mémoires de Gaudentio di Lucca_. The second, of +1754, by M. Dupuy Demportes, speaks of the first having been made by an +Englishman named _Milts_; but the person and name appear to be +fictitious. The first translation is said by Barbier, _Dict. des +Anonymes_, No. 11,409, to have been revised by the Chevalier de Saint +Germain, who made additions to it of his own invention. The second +translation is reprinted in the collection of _Voyages Imaginaires_, +Amsterdam et Paris, 1787, tom. vi. + +An anonymous writer in the _Gent. Mag._ for Jan. 1777, vol. xlvii., p. +13., speaking of Bishop Berkeley, says that "the _Adventures of Signor +Gaudentio di Lucca_ have been generally attributed to him." The writer +of the note added to the _Life of Berkeley_ in Kippis's _Biogr. Brit._, +1780, vol. ii. p. 261., quotes this statement, and adds that the work is +ascribed to him by the booksellers in their printed catalogues. This +writer thinks that the authorship of Bp. Berkeley is consistent with the +internal evidence of the book but he furnishes no positive testimony on +the subject. {299} + +In a letter from Mr. J.C. Walker to Mr. Pinkerton, of 19 Jan., 1799 +(published in Pinkerton's _Literary Correspondence_, vol. ii., p. 41.), +Lord Charlemont is referred to as believing that Gaudentio di Lucca is +founded in fact; that Bishop Berkeley, when he was at Cairo, conversed +with persons who had attended a caravan, and that he learned from them +what he narrated in the account of Gaudentio. This passage is cited in +Southey's _Common-place Book_, p. 204; but the work is manifestly +fictitious, and it does not appear that Berkeley, though he twice +visited the Continent, was ever out of Europe. + +The date of the publication of Gaudentio is quite consistent with the +authorship of Berkeley, who died in 1753; but the notice in the +_Gentleman's Magazine_ only proves the existence of a rumour to that +effect; and the authentic _Life of Berkeley_, by Dr. Stock, chiefly +drawn up from materials communicated by Dr. R. Berkeley, brother to the +Bishop, and prefixed to the collected edition of his work (2 vols. 4to. +Lond., 1784), makes no allusion to Gaudentio. There is nothing in the +contents of this work which renders it likely that the authorship should +have been carefully concealed by Bp. Berkeley and his family, if he had +really been the author. The literary execution of Gaudentio is good; and +it is probable that the speculative character of the work, and the fact +that Berkeley had visited Italy, suggested the idea that he had composed +it. The belief that Bishop Berkeley was the author of _Gaudentio di +Lucca_ may therefore be considered as unauthorised. + +The copy of the edition of _Gaudentio_ of 1786, which is preserved in +the British Museum, contains in the title-page the following note, in +pencil: + + "Written originally in English by Dr. Swale of Huntingdon. See + _Gent. Mag._ 1786." + +The _Gentleman's Magazine_ for 1786 does not, however, contain any +information about the authorship of _Gaudentio_; and the name of Dr. +Swale appears to be unknown in literary history. At the same time, a +positive entry of this sort, with respect to an obscure person, +doubtless had some foundation. On the authority of this note, Dr. Swale +is registered as the author of Gaudentio in the printed catalogue of the +British Museum Library, whence it has passed into Watt's _Bibl. Brit._ +Perhaps some of your correspondents, who are connected with Huntingdon, +may be able to throw some light on Dr. Swale. + +Lastly, it should be added, that the writer of the article "Berkeley," +in the _Biographic Universelle_, adverts to the fact that _Gaudentio di +Lucca_ has been attributed to him: he proceeds, however, to say that-- + + "The author of a Life of Berkeley affirms that Berkeley is not + the author of that book, which he supposes to have been written + by a Catholic priest imprisoned in the Tower of London." + +I have been unable to trace the origin of this statement; nor do I know +what is the _Life of Berkeley_, to which the writer in the _Biogr. +Univ._ refers. The Life published under the direction of his family +makes no allusion to Gaudentio, or to the belief that it was composed by +Bishop Berkeley. + +The _Encyclopédie Méthodique_, div. "Econ. pol. et dipl." (Paris, 1784), +tom. I. p. 89., mentions the following work:-- + + "La République des Philosophes, ou l'Histoire des Ajaoiens, + relation d'un voyage du Chevalier S. van Doelvett en Orient en + l'an 1674, qui contient la description du Gouvernement, de la + Religion, et des Moeurs des Ajaoiens." + +It is stated that this romance, though composed a century before, had +only been lately published. The editor attributed it to Fontenelle, but +(as the writer in the _Encycl. Méth._ thinks) probably without reason. +The title of Berkeley to the authorship of Gaudentio has doubtless no +better foundation. + +L. + + +[Dunlop, _Hist. Fiction_, iii. 491., speaks of this romance as +"generally, and I believe on good grounds, supposed to be the work of +the celebrated Berkeley;" adding, "we are told, in the life of this +celebrated man, that Plato was his favourite author: and, indeed, of all +English writers Berkeley has most successfully imitated the style and +manner of that philosopher. It is not impossible, therefore, that the +fanciful republic of the Grecian sage may have led Berkeley to write +_Gaudentio di Lucca_, of which the principal object apparently is to +describe a faultless and patriarchal form of governnent." The subject is +a very curious one, and invites the further inquiry of our valued +correspondent.--ED.] + + * * * * * + +ON A PASSAGE IN "THE TEMPEST." + +I was indebted to MR. SINGER for one of the best emendations in the +edition of Shakspeare I superintended (vol. vi. p. 559.), and I have too +much respect for his sagacity and learning to pass, without observation, +his remarks in "NOTES AND QUERIES" (Vol. ii., p. 259.), on the +conclusion of the speech of Ferdinand, in "The Tempest," Act iii., Sc. +1.:-- + + "But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours; + Most busy, least when I do it." + +This is the way in which I ventured to print the passage, depending +mainly upon the old copies. In the folio, 1623, where the play for the +first time appeared, the last line stands: + + "Most busie lest, when I doe it;" + +and in that of 1632, + + "Most busie least, when I doe it:" {300} + +so that the whole merit I claim that of altering the place of a comma, +thereby, as I apprehend, rendering the meaning of the poet evident. The +principle upon which I proceeded throughout was that of making as little +variation as possible from the ancient authorities: upon that principle +I acted in the instance in question, and I frequently found that this +was the surest mode of removing difficulties. I could not easily adduce +a stronger proof of this position, than the six words on which the doubt +at this time has been raised. + +Theobald made an important change in the old text, and his reading has +been that generally adopted:-- + + "Most busy-less when I do it." + +In restoring the old text I had, therefore, to contend with +prepossession, against which, it seems, the Rev. Mr. Dyce was not proof, +although I only know it from MR. SINGER'S letter, never having looked +into the book in which I suppose, the opinion is advanced. + +One reason why I should reject the substitution of "busy-less," even if +I had not a better mode of overcoming the difficulty, is properly +adverted to by MR. SINGER, viz. that the word was not in use in the time +of Shakspeare. The only authority for it, at any period, quoted in +Todd's Johnson, is this very (as I contend) corrupted passage in the +Tempest; I have not met with it at all in any of the older dictionaries +I have been able to consult; and unless the Rev. Mr. Dyce have been more +fortunate, he was a little short-sighted, as well as a little angry, +when he wrote his note upon mine. Had he taken more time to reflect, he +might have found that after all Theobald and I are not so much at odds, +although he arrives at his end by varying from, and I at mine by +adhering to, the ancient authorities. In fact, I gain some confirmation +of what, I believe, is the true meaning of Shakspeare, out of the very +corruption Theobald introduced, and the Rev. Mr. Dyce, to my surprise, +supports. I should have expected him to be the very last man who would +advocate an abandonment of what has been handed down to us in every old +edition of the play. + +The key of the whole speech of Ferdinand is contained in its very +outset:-- + + "There be some sports are painful, and their labour + Delight in them sets off;" + +and the poet has said nearly the same thing in "Macbeth:" + + "The labour we delight in physics pain." + +It is because Ferdinand delights in the labour that he does not feel it +irksome: + + "This my mean task + Would be as heavy to me as odious; but + The mistress which I serve quickens what's dead, + And makes my labours pleasure." + +He, therefore, tells us, at the close, that his labours are refreshed by +the sweet thoughts of her; that, in fact, his toil is no toil, and that +when he is "most busy" he "least does it," and suffers least under it. +The delight he takes in his "mean task" renders it none. + +Such I take to be the clear meaning of the poet, though somewhat +obscurely and paradoxically expressed-- + + "Most busy, least when I do it;" + +and when Theobald proposed to substitute + + "Most busy-less when I do it," + +he saw, though perhaps not quite distinctly, that such was the poet's +intention, only, as I have said above, he arrived at it by altering, and +I by adhering to, the poet's language. I may be allowed to add that I +came to my conclusion many years before I was asked to put my name to an +edition of Shakspeare, which interrupted one of the most valuable +friendships I ever formed. + +MR. SINGER will see at once that my interpretation (which I consider +quite consistent with the character of Shakspeare's mind, as well as +quite consistent with the expressions he has used throughout the speech +of the hero), steers clear of his proposal to alter "busie lest," or +"busie least," of the folios of 1623 and 1632, to _busyest_ or +_busiest_; although everybody at all acquainted with our old language +will agree with him in thinking, that if Shakspeare had used "busiest" +at all, which he does not in any of his productions, he might have said +_most busiest_ without a violation of the constant practice of his day. + +J. PAYNE COLLIER. + +September 24. 1850. + + * * * * * + +GRAY'S ELEGY. + +Perhaps the HERMIT of HOLYPORT will be satisfied with proofs from GRAY +himself as to the time and manner of the first appearance of the +_Elegy_. + +GRAY thus writes to Dr. Wharton, under the date of "Dec. 17, 1750." [I +quote Mason's "Life" of its Author, p. 216.] + + "The stanzas" [which he afterwards called _Elegy_ at the + suggestion of Mason] "which I now enclose to you have had the + misfortune, by _Mr._ [Horace] _Walpole's fault_, to be made + still more public," &c. + +The next letter in Mason's publication is a letter from "Mr. Gray to Mr. +Walpole" (p. 217.), and is dated "_Cambridge, Feb._ 11, 1751," which +runs thus:-- + + "As you have brought me into a little sort of distress, you must + assist me, I believe, to get out of it as well as I can. + Yesterday I had the misfortune of receiving a letter from + certain gentlemen (as their bookseller expresses it) who have + taken the Magazine of Magazines into their hands: they tell me + that an {301} _ingenious_ poem, called 'Reflections in a Country + Church-yard,' has been communicated to them, which they are + printing forthwith; that they are informed that the _excellent_ + author of it is I by name, and that they beg not only his + _indulgence_, but the _honour_ of his correspondence, &c.... I + therefore am obliged to desire you would make Dodsley print it + immediately _from your copy_, but without my name, &c. He must + correct the press himself ... and the title must be 'Elegy + written in a Country Church-yard.' If he would add a line or two + to say it came into his hand by accident, I should like it + better ... If Dodsley do not do this immediately, he may as well + let it alone." + +Dr. Johnson (_Life of Gray_) says: + + "His next production, 1750, was his far-famed _Elegy_," &c. + +The Doctor adds: + + "Several of his [Gray's] pieces were published, 1753, with + designs by Mr. Bentley, and that they might in some form or + other make a book, only one side of each leaf was printed. I + believe the poems and the plates recommended each other so well, + that the whole impression was soon bought." + +It contains _six_ poems, one being the _Elegy_. I have before me a copy +of this collection, which is folio. The plates are clever, and very +curious; a copy was sold at the Fonthill sale for 3l. 4s.! The copy, +admirably bound, which I quote, was bought at a bookseller's +front-window stall for 4s. The title of this collection is "_Designs by +Mr._ R. BENTLEY, _for six poems by Mr._ J. GRAY." + +According to the title-page, it was "printed for R. DODSLEY, in Pall +Mall, MDCCLIII.," two years previously to the date to which your +correspondent refers. This (1753) collection gives the line,-- + + "Save where the beetle wheels his _droning_ flight." + +In the _Elegant Extracts_ (verse), ed. 1805, which, it must be needless +to mention, was prepared by the able and indefatigable Dr. Vicesimus +Knox, the accomplished scholar gives the line-- + + "Save where the beetle wheels his _drony_ flight." + +Dr. Johnson's _Dictionary_ does not insert the word "droning" or +"drony;" but among his Illustrations attached to the verb "to drone," +there are two from Dryden, each, it may be seen, using the word +"droning." There is no quotation containing the word "drony." Gray's +language is: + + "Save where the beetle wheels his _droning_ flight, + And drowsy _tinklings_ lull the distant folds." + +Johnson's second quotation from Dryden may be worth repeating, as +showing that Gray's language is not wholly different from his +predecessor's:-- + + "Melfoil and honeysuckles pound, + With these alluring savours strew the ground, + And mix with _tinkling_ brass the cymbal's _droning_ sound." + +It is perhaps hardly worth noticing, that there is not uniformity even +in the title. Johnson calls it, _Elegy in the Church-yard_; Dodsley +(1753) styles it, _Elegy written in a Country Church-yard_. + +A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD. + + +_Gray's Elegy_ (Vol. ii., p. 264.).--The HERMIT OF HOLYPORT is referred +to the 4to. edit. of the _Works of Gray_, by Thos. Jas. Mathias, in +which, vol. i. at the end of the Elegy, in print, he will find "From the +original in the handwriting of Thos. Gray: + + "'Save where the beetle wheels his _droning_ flight.'" + +From the autograph the Elegy appears to have been written in 1750; and +the margin states, published in Feb. 1751, by Dodsley, and went through +four editions in two months; and afterwards a fifth, sixth, seventh and +eighth, ninth and tenth, and eleventh; printed also in 1753, with Mr. +Bentley's designs, of which there is a second edition; and again by +Dodsley in his _Miscellany_, vol. iv.; and in a Scotch collection, +called the _Union_. Translated into Latin by Chr. Anstey, Esq., and the +Rev. Mr. Roberts, and published in 1762; and again in the same year by +Rob. Lloyd, M.A. The original MS. of the above will be found among the +MSS. of Thos. Gray, in the possession of the Masters and Fellows of +Pembroke House, Cambridge. + +W.S. + +Richmond, Sept 21. 1850 + + * * * * * + +BISHOPS AND THEIR PRECEDENCE. +(Vol. ii., p. 254.) + +Arun is not right, in reference to this Query, in saying that the +precedence of bishops over the temporal barons is regulated by the +statute of 31 Hen. VIII. The precedence of bishops over the temporal +lords is not regulated by the Act of 31 Hen. VIII. for placing the +lords. They may have originally been summoned to sit in parliament in +right of their succession to certain baronial lands annexed to, or +supposed to be annexed to their episcopal sees; but as some of the +temporal peers were also summoned in right of lands held of the king +_per baroniam_, that is not a satisfactory reason why they should take +precedence of temporal barons. + +The precedency must have been regulated by some other laws, rules, or +usage than are presented by the Act of 31 Hen. VIII. The Archbishop of +Canterbury precedes the Lord Chancellor; the Archbishop of York the Lord +President of the Council and the Lord Privy Seal; and all bishops +precede barons. This precedency, however, is not given by the _statute_. +The Act provides only, in reference to the spiritual peers, that the +Vicegerent for good and due ministration of justice, to be had in all +causes and cases touching the ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and for the +godly reformation and redress of all errors, heresies, and abuses in the +{302} Church (and all other persons having grant of the said office), +shall sit and be placed in all parliaments on the _right side_ of the +parliament chamber, and upon the same form that the Archbishop of +Canterbury sitteth on, and above the same archbishop and his successors; +and next to the said Vicegerent shall sit the Archbishop of Canterbury; +and then, next to him, on the same form and side, shall sit the +Archbishop of York; and next to him, on the same form and side, the +Bishop of London; and next to him, on the same side and form, the Bishop +of Durham; and next to him, on the same side and form, the Bishop of +Winchester; and then all the other bishops of both provinces of +Canterbury and York shall sit and be placed on the same side, after +their ancienties, as it hath been accustomed. + +There is nothing here to show in what order they are to rank among the +great officers, or other temporal peers; nor is the precedency given to +the Lord Chancellor over the Archbishop of York. + +By the Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland, the archbishops of +that kingdom have rank immediately after the Archbishop of York, and +therefore before the great officers (excepting only the Lord +Chancellor), as well as above dukes; and the Irish bishops immediately +after those of England. + +It may be rightly stated that the high spiritual rank of the bishops is +a reason for giving them precedence over the temporal lords sitting as +barons; but has that _reason_ been assigned by any writer of authority, +or even any writer upon precedence?--the Query suggested by E. (Vol. +ii., p. 9.) Lord Coke does not assign that reason, but says, because +they hold their bishopricks of the king _per baroniam_. But the holding +_per baroniam_, as before observed, would equally apply to the temporal +lords holding lands by similar tenures, and sitting by writ, and +receiving summons in ancient times in virtue of such their tenure. + +The precedence of bishops over barons was clearly _disputed_ in the +reign of King Henry VI., when Baker says in his _Chronicle_ (p. 204.), +_judgment_ was given for the _lords temporal_; but where the judgment, +or any account of the dispute for precedence, is to be found I cannot +say. That is what your correspondent G. inquired for (Vol. ii., p. 76.). + +C.G. + + +Your correspondent ARUN (Vol. ii., p. 254.) states, on the authority of +Stephen's _Blackstone_, that-- + + "Bishops are temporal barons, and sit in the House of Peers in + right of succession to certain ancient baronies annexed or + supposed to be annexed to their episcopal lands." + +This position, though supported by Lord Coke in more places than one +(see _Coke upon Littleton_, 134. _a, b_; 3 _Inst._ 30.; 4 _Inst._ 44.), +and adopted by most other legal text-writers on his authority, cannot, +it is conceived, be supported. It seems to be clearly ascertained that +bishops sat in the great councils of this and other kingdoms not +_ratione baroniarum_ but _jure ecclesiarum_, by custom, long before the +tenure _per baroniam_ was known. In the preambles to the laws of Ina +(Wilkins' _Leges Ang.-Sax._ f. 14.), of Athelstan (_ib._ 54.), of Edmund +(_ib._ 72.), the bishops are mentioned along with others of the great +council, whilst the tenure _per baroniam_ was not known until after the +Conquest. The truth seems to be that + + "The bishops of the Conqueror's age were entitled to sit in his + councils by the general custom of Europe and by the common law + of England, which the conquest did not overturn."--Hallam's + _Mid. Ag._ 137-8, 9th ed. + +Can any of your readers throw any light on the much disputed tenure _per +baroniam_? What was its essential character, what its incidents, and in +what way did it differ from the ordinary tenure _in capite_? + +BARO. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of his Time_ (Vol. ii., pp. 9. +92.).--This subject receives interesting illustration in the _Memoirs of +Gervas Holles_, who at some length describes the seduction of the Lady +Sheffield, by Leicester, at Belvoir Castle, while attending the Queen on +her Progress. A letter from the Earl to the lady of his love, contained +the suspicious intimation-- + + "_That he had not been unmindful in removing that obstacle_ + which hindered the full fruition of their contentments; that he + had endeavoured one expedient already which had failed, but he + would lay another which he doubted not would hit more sure." + +This letter the Lady Sheffield accidentally dropped from her pocket; and +being picked up and given to the Lord Sheffield by his sister Holles, he +read it with anger and amazement. That night he parted beds, and the +next day houses; meditating in what manner he might take honourable and +just revenge. Having resolved, he posted up to London to effect it; but +the discovery had preceded him to the knowledge of Leicester, who +finding a necessity to be quick, bribed an Italian physician ("whose +name," says Holles, "I have forgotten") in whom Lord Sheffield had great +confidence, to poison him, which was immediately effected after his +arrival in London. Leicester, after cohabiting with the Lady Sheffield +for some time, married the widow of the Earl of Essex, who, it is +thought, says Holles, "_served him in his own kind, every way_." + +In the suit afterwards instituted by Sir Robert Dudley, with the view of +establishing his legitimacy, the Lady Sheffield was examined, and swore +{303} to a private marriage with the Earl of Leicester, but that she had +been prevailed on, by threats and pecuniary largesses, to deny the +marriage, as Queen Elizabeth was desirous that Lord Leicester should +marry the widow of the Earl of Essex. + +One curious circumstance arises out of the revival of these dark doings. +Are the particular drugs employed by Leicester's Italian physician "in +removing obstacles" now known and in operation? By a remarkable +coincidence, in a case of supposed poisoning at Cheltenham, some time +since, the intended victim escaped with the loss of his hair and his +nails. + +H.K.S.C. + + +_What is the correct Prefix of Mayors?_ (Vol. i., p. 380.)--In Leicester +the usage has always been to designate the chief magistrate "The +worshipful the Mayor," which, I believe, is the style used in +_boroughs_. In _cities_, and places _specially privileged_, "Right +worshipful" are the terms employed. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Marks of Cadency_ (Vol. ii., p. 248.).--The label of the Prince of +Wales has, from the time of Edward III. up to the present time, been of +three points argent, and _not_ charged. + +F.E. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Although we do not usually record in our columns the losses which +literature sustains from time to time, we cannot permit the death of +Thomas Amyot, the learned Director of the Camden Society, and for so +many years the Treasurer of the Society of Antiquaries, to pass without +rendering our grateful tribute to the memory of one of the most +intelligent and kindest-hearted men that ever breathed; from whom we, in +common with so many others, when entering on our literary career, +received the most friendly assistance, and the most encouraging +sympathy. + +Every fifty years commences a discussion of the great question when the +current century, or half century, properly begins. We have just seen +this in the numerous Queries, Answers, Replies, and Rejoinders upon the +subject which have appeared in the columns of the daily and weekly +press; the only regular treatise being the essay upon _Ancient and +Modern Usage in Reckoning_, by professor De Morgan, in the _Companion to +the Almanack_ for the present year. This Essay is opposed to the idea of +a "zero year," and one of the advocates of that system of computation +has, therefore, undertaken a defence of the zero principle, which he +pronounces, "when properly understood, is undoubtedly the most correct +basis of reckoning," in a small volume entitled, _An Examination of the +Century Question_, and in which he maintains the point for which he is +contending with considerable learning and ingenuity. All who are +interested in the question at issue, will be at once amused and +instructed by it. + +Mr. Charles Knight announces a new edition of his _Pictorial +Shakespeare_ under the title of the National Edition; to contain the +whole of the Notes, Illustrations, &c., thoroughly revised; and which, +while it will be printed in a clear and beautiful type across the page, +and not in double columns, will have the advantage of being much cheaper +than the edition which he originally put forth. + +_The Declaration of the Fathers of the Councell of Trent concerning the +going into Churches at such Times as Hereticall Service is said or +Heresy preached, &c._, is a reprint of a very rare tract, which +possesses some present interest, as it bears upon the statement which +has been of late years much insisted on by Mr. Perceval and other +Anglican controversialists, that for the first twelve years of +Elizabeth's reign, and until Pius V.'s celebrated Bull, _Regnans in +Excelsis_, the Roman Catholics of England were in the habit of +frequenting the Reformed worship. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--W.S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham +House, Westminster Road) Sixty-first Catalogue of English and Foreign +Second-hand Books; W.D. Reeve's (98. Chancery Lane) Catalogue No. 13. of +Cheap Books, many Rare and Curious; R. Kimpton's (31. Wardour Street, +Soho) Catalogue No. 29. of Second-hand Books in good Condition at very +reduced Prices. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY POLL-BOOKS FOR 1780, 1784, 1790, and + 1829. + +OXFORD UNIVERSITY POLL-BOOKS for 1750, 1768, 1806. + +BEN JONSON by CLIFFORD. 8vo. Vols. II., III., and IV. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with Title-page and very copious +Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by +order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen._ + +_We are unavoidably compelled to postpone numerous NOTES, QUERIES, AND +REPLIES: indeed we see no way of clearing off our accumulation of +REPLIES without the publication of an extra Number, to be devoted +exclusively to the numerous Answers which we now have waiting for +insertion._ + +GUTCH'S Literary and Scientific Regsiter and Almanack, _advertised in +our last No., is for_ 1851 _not_ 1850. + +Mr. G.B. RICHARDSON _would oblige us by forwarding the additional verses +of_ "Long Lonkin" _for our correspondent_ SELEUCUS. + +A CONSTANT SUBSCRIBER _will find the line_, + + "Music hath charms to soothe the savage breast," + +_in Congreve's_ Mourning Bride. + +JANUS DOUSA. _In our next No._ + +MEDICUS, _who inquires respecting the origin of the proverbial saying, +"Quem Deus vult perdere," is referred to our First Volume_, pp. 347. +351. 421. and 476. _The original line reads "Quem Jupiter vult," and is +Barnes' translation of a fragment of_ Euripides. {304} + + * * * * * + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, +No. CLXXIV., is published THIS DAY. + +CONTENTS: + I. TICKNOR'S HISTORY OF SPANISH LITERATURE. + II. CHURCH AND EDUCATION IN WALES. + III. FORMS OF SALUTATION. + IV. SIBERIA AND CALIFORNIA. + V. MURE ON THE LITERATURE OF GREECE. + VI. METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY. + VII. ANECDOTES OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT. +VIII. COCHRANES'S YOUNG ITALY. + IX. LAST DAY OF LOUIS-PHILIPPE. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + +Will be published on the 1st of November, 1850, with the other +Almanacks, + +THE LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC REGISTER AND ALMANACK for 1851. Price 3s. +6d. + +Dedicated by especial permission to H.R.H. Prince Albert, by J.W.G. +GUTCH, M.R.C.S.L., F.L.S.; + +Containing a condensed mass of scientific and useful information alike +valuable to the student and man of science. + +Tenth Yearly issue. + +Published by D. BOGUE, Fleet Street, London + + * * * * * + +Shortly will be Published. + +THE ARCHITECTURAL QUARTERLY REVIEW. A Literary Periodical devoted to +Works appertaining to the Art and Science of Architecture. Prospectuses +may be obtained from the Publisher. Letters for the Editor, and books, +drawings, models, and specimens, to be addressed to the care of the +Publisher. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Royal 4to., cloth, price 2l. 2s. + +EXAMPLES OF ANCIENT PULPITS EXISTING IN ENGLAND. Selected and drawn from +Sketches and Measurements taken on the Spot, with Descriptive +Letterpress. By FRANCIS T. DOLLMAN, Architect. + +This Work contains thirty quarto Plates, three of which are highly +finished in Colours, restored accurately from the existing indications. +The Pulpits delineated are St. Westburga, Chester: SS. Peter and Paul, +Shrewsbury; St. Michael, Coventry; St. Mary, Wendon; St. Mary and All +Saints, Fotheringay; All Saints, North Cerney; Holy Trinity, Nallsea; +St. Peter Winchcombe; St. John Baptist, Cirencester; St. Mary, Totness; +St. Mary, Frampton. Holy Trinity, Old Aston; St. Benedict, Glastonbury; +St. Peter, Wolverhampton: St. Andrew, Cheddar (coloured); St. Andrew, +Banwell; St. George, Brakworth; Holy Trinity, Long Sutton (coloured); +St. Saviour, Dartmouth (coloured); All Saints, Sudbury; All Saints, +Hawstead; St. Mary de Lode, Gloucester; St. Mary, North Petherton. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +To be completed in Four Parts, Parts I. and II., price 5s. each plain; +7s. 6d. coloured. + +ANTIQUARIAN GLEANINGS IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND: being Examples of Antique +Furniture, Plate, Church Decoration, Objects of Historical Interest, &c. +Drawn and etched by W.B. SCOTT. + +"A collection of antiquarian relics, chiefly in the decorative branch of +art, preserved in the northern counties, portrayed by a very competent +hand ... All are drawn with that distinctness which makes them available +for the antiquarian, for the artist who is studying costume, and for the +study of decorative art."--_Spectator._ + +Parts III. and IV., completing the Work, are in preparation, and will be +published shortly. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, +No CLXXXVIII., will be publishd on THURSDAY, +October 10th, 1850. + + I. HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. + II. THE UNITED STATES. + III. BRITISH MUSEUM: CATALOGUE OF PRINTED BOOKS. + IV. MURE'S CRITICAL HISTORY OF THE LANGUAGE + AND LITERATURE OF ANTIENT GREECE. + V. COL. CHESNEY'S EXPEDITION TO THE EUPHRATES AND TIGRIS. + VI. RECENT CLASSICAL ROMANCES. +VIII. DIFFICULTIES OF REPLUBLICAN FRANCE. + IX. HORACE AND TASSO. + +London: LONGMAN AND CO. Edinburgh: A. and C. BLACK. + + * * * * * + +MR. L.A. LEWIS'S SALES for OCTOBER, 1850, FRIDAY 11TH., and SATURDAY +12th. Valuable Books, Architechural Books, Books of Prints, &c., from +the West of England, including Stuart and Revett's Antiquities of +Athens, 4 vols.; unedited Antiuities of Attica; Piranesi Campus Martius +Antiqua Orbis; Houghton Gallery, 2 vols; Bowyer's Hume's England; +Rogers' Collection of Prints, 2 vols.; Knorr, Deliciæ Naturæ Selectæ, 2 +vols.; Tableaux Historiques de la Révolution Française, 2 vols.; Stow's +London, by Strype, 2 vols.; Domesday Book, 2 vols.; Edmondson's +Heraldry, 2 vols.; Illustrated London News, 11 vols.; Encyclopædia +Metropolitana, 29 vols.; Neale's Gentlemen's Seats, 6 vols.; Loddiges' +Botanical Cabinet, 10 vols., large paper; Maund's Botanic Garden, 9 +vols.; Sweet's Geraniums, 5 vols.; Beauties of England and Wales, 32 +vols.; Hogarth's Works, 3 vols., red morocco; Knight's London, 6 vols.; +Retrospective Review, 14 vols.; Bayle, Dictionnaire Historique, 16 +vols.; Lodge's Illustrious Portraits, 10 vols.; Knight's Pictorial +Bible, 3 vols.; Clarke's Commentary on the Bible, 6 vols.; a few +Pictures and Prints, &c. + +FRIDAY, 18TH, AND SATURDAY, 19TH.--Books, including the stock of the +late Mr. C. Whiten. + +FRIDAY, 25TH,--Pictures, Prints, Books, Stereotype Plates, Copyrights, +Books in Quires, &c. + +Mr. C.A. Lewis will have Sales on each Friday in November and December. + +125. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Just published, Part 9, price 9s., plain; Tinted, small paper, 10s. 6d.; +Proof, large paper, 12s. + +THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE AGES: or, Select Specimens of Early and +Middle Pointed Structures; with a few of the pures; Late Pointed +Examples, Illustrated by Geometric and Perspective Drawings. By HENRY +BOWMAN and J.S. CROWTHER, Architects. Containing Illustrations of St. +Peter's Church, Thrukingham, Norfolk; St. John's, Cley, Norfolk; and St. +Andrew's, Heckington, Lincolnshire. + +To be completed in Twenty Parts, each containing Six Plates, Imperial +folio. Issued at intervals of two months. + +"Ewerby is a magnficent specimen of a Flowing Middle-Pointed Church. it +is most perfectly measured and described: one can follow the most +rcondite beauties of the construction, mouldings and joints, in these +Plates, almost as well as in the original structure. Such a monograph as +this will be of incalculable value to the architects of our Colonies or +the United States, who have no means of access to ancient churches. The +Plates are on stone, done with remarkable skill and distinctness. Of +Heckington we can only say that the perspective view from the south-east +presents a very vision of beauty; we can hardle conceive anything more +perfect. We heartlily recommend this series to all who are able to +patronize it."--_Ecclesiologist_, Oct. 1849. + +"This, if completed in a similar manner to the Parts now out, will be a +beautiful and valuable work. The perspective of St. Andrew's, +Heckington, is a charming specimen of lithography, by Hawkins. We +unhesitatingly recommend Messrs. Bowman and Crowther's work to our +readers, as likely to be useful to them."--_Builder_. + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, October 5. 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 49, +Saturday, Oct. 5, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 13480-8.txt or 13480-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/4/8/13480/ + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, David +King, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 49, Saturday, Oct. 5, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September 16, 2004 [EBook #13480] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, David +King, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + + +</pre> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page289" name= +"page289"></a>{289}</span> +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left" width="25%"><b>No. 49.</b></td> +<td align="center" width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, OCTOBER 5, +1850</b></td> +<td align="right" width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> +<table summary="Contents" align="center"> +<tr> +<td align="left">NOTES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Stray Notes on Cunningham's London</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page289">289</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Satirical Song upon Villiers Duke of Buckingham, +by Dr. Rimbault</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page291">291</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Baker's Notes on Author of "Whole Duty of Man," by +Rev. J.E.B. Mayor</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page292">292</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Mistake about George Wither, by Dr. Rimbault</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page293">293</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Useful <i>v.</i> Useless Learning</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page293">293</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Notes:—Numerals—Junius and Sir +P. Francis—Jews under the Commonwealth—"Is any thing +but," &c.—Fastitocalon</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page294">294</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Bishop Cosin's Conference</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page295">295</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Engleman's "Bibliotheca Scriptorum Classicorum," +by Professor De Morgan</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page296">296</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Queries:—Portrait of Sir P. +Sidney—Confession—Scotch Prisoners at +Worcester—Adamson's Edward II.—Sir Thomas +Moore—Dr. E. Cleaver—Gwyan's +London—Coronet—Cinderella—Judas' Bell—Dozen +of Bread—Kings Skuggsia—Coins of +Gandophares—Satirical Medals</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page296">296</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Gaudentio di Lucca</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page298">298</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">On a Passage in the Tempest, by J. Payne +Collier</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page299">299</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Gray's Elegy</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page300">300</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Bishops and their Precedence</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page301">301</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Replies to Minor Queries:—Leicester and the +reputed Poisoners of his Time—What is the correct Prefix of +Mayors—Marks of Cadency</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page302">302</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page303">303</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes Wanted</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page303">303</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page303">303</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Advertisments</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page304">304</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>NOTES.</h2> +<h3>STRAY NOTES ON CUNNINGHAM'S LONDON.</h3> +<p>The following notes are so trivial, that I should have scrupled +to send them on any other ground than that so well-conceived and +labouriously-executed a work should have its most minute and +unimportant details as correct as possible. This, in such a work, +can only be effected by each reader pointing out the circumstances +that he has reason to believe are not quite correctly or completely +given in it.</p> +<p>Page 24. <i>Astronomical Society.</i>—The library has been +recently augmented by the incorporation with it of the books and +documents (as well as the members) of the <i>Mathematical Society +of London</i> (Spitalfields). It contains the most complete +collection of the English mathematical works of the last century +known to exist. A friend, who has examined them with some care, +specifies particularly some of the tracts published in the +controversy raised by Bishop Berkeley respecting "the ghosts of +departed quantities," of which he did before know the +existence.</p> +<p>The instruments to which Mr. Cunningham refers as bequeathed to +the Society, are not used there, nor yet allowed to lie unused. +They are placed in the care of active practical observers, +according as the special character of the instruments and the +special subjects to which each observer more immediately devotes +his attention, shall render the assignment of the instrument +expedient. The instruments, however, still remain the property of +the Society.</p> +<p>P. 37. <i>Bath House.</i>—Date omitted.</p> +<p>P. 143.—Evan's Hotel, Covent Garden, is described as +having been once the residence of "James West, the great collector +of books, &c., and <i>President of the Royal Society</i>." +There has certainly never been a President, or even a Secretary, of +that name. However, it is just possible that there might have been +a Vice-president so named (as these are chosen by the President +from the members of the council, and the council has not always +been composed of men of science): but even this is somewhat +doubtful.</p> +<p>P. 143. <i>Covent Garden Theatre.</i>—No future account of +this theatre will be complete without the facts connected with the +ill-starred Delafield; just as, into the Olympic, the history of +the defaulter Watts, of the Globe Assurance Office, must also +enter.</p> +<p>P. 143. near top of col. 2. "Heigho! says Kemble."—Before +this period, a variation of the <i>rigmarole</i> upon which this is +founded had become poplular, from the humour of Liston's singing at +Sadler's Wells. I have a copy of the music and the words; +altogether identical with those in the music. Of these, with other +matters connected with the <span class="pagenum"><a name="page290" +id="page290"></a>{290}</span> amorous frog, I shall have something +more to say hereafter. This notice is to be considered incidental, +rather than as referring expressly to Mr. Cunningham's valuable +book.</p> +<p>P. 153. <i>Deans Yard, Westminster.</i>—Several of the +annual budgets of abuse, obscenity, and impudent imposture, bearing +on their title-pages various names, but written by "John Gadbury, +Student in Physic and Astrology," were dated from "my house, Brick +Court, Dean's Yard, Westminster;" or this slightly varied, +occasionally being, "Brick Court, <i>near</i> the Dean's Yard," +&c. I have not seen a complete series of Gadbury's +<i>Almanacks</i>, but those I refer to range from 1688 to 1694 +(incomplete). His burial in St. Margaret's, Westminster, in 1704, +is noticed by Mr. Cunningham, at p. 313. As brick was then only +used in the more costly class of domestic buildings, this would +seem to indicate that <i>prophecy</i> was then a lucrative trade; +and that the successor and pupil of the "arch-rogue, William Lilly" +was quite as fortunate in his speculations as his master had been. +It is a truth as old as society itself, that "knaves grow rich +while honest men starve." Whilst Gadbury was "wallowing in plenty," +the author of <i>Hudibras</i> was perishing for want of a +crust!</p> +<p>P. 153. <i>Denzil Street.</i>—Here, about the middle of +the street, on the south side, lived Theophilus Holdred, a jobbing +watchmaker, whose name will always hold a place in one department +of mathematical history. He discovered a method of approximating to +the roots of numerical equations, of considerable ingenuity. He, +however, lost in his day and generation the reputation that was +really due to him for it, by his laying claim to more than he had +effected, and seeking to deprive other and more gifted men of the +reputation due to a more perfect solution of the same problem. He +was, indeed, brought before the public as the tool of a faction; +and, as the tools of faction generally are, he was sacrificed by +his own supporters when he was no longer of any use to them.</p> +<p>I once called upon him, in company with Professor Leyburn, of +the Royal Military College, but I forget whether in 1829 or 1830. +We found him at his bench—a plain, elderly, and heavy-looking +personage. He seemed to have become "shy" of our class, and some +time and some address were requisite to get him to speak with any +freedom: but ultimately we placed him at his ease, and he spoke +freely. We left him with the conviction that he was the +<i>bonâ fide</i> discoverer of his own method; and that he +had no distinct conception, even then, of the principle of the +methods which he had been led by his friends to claim, of having +<i>also</i> discovered <i>Horner's</i> process before Horner +himself had published it. He did not (ten years after the +publication of Horner's method) even then understand it. He +understood his own perfectly, and I have not the slightest doubt of +the correctness of his own statement, of its having been discovered +by him fifty years before.</p> +<p>P. 166. <i>Dulwich Gallery.</i>—This is amongst the +unfortunate consequences of taking lists upon trust. Poor Tom +Hurst<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href= +"#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> has not been in the churchyard these +last eight years—except the three last in his grave. The last +five years of his life were spent in a comfortable asylum, as "a +poor brother of the Charterhouse." He was one of the victims of the +"panic of 1825;" and though the spirit of speculation never left +him, he always failed to recover his position. He is referred to +here, however, to call Mr. Cunningham's attention to the necessity, +in a <i>Hand-book</i> especially, of referring his readers +correctly to the places at which <i>tickets</i> are to be obtained +for any purpose whatever. It discourages the visitor to London when +he is thus "sent upon a fool's errand;" and the Cockney himself is +not in quite so good a humour with the author for being sent a few +steps out of his way.</p> +<p>P. 190. <i>Rogers</i>—a Cockney by inference. I +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page291" id= +"page291"></a>{291}</span> should like to see this more decidedly +established. I am aware that it is distinctly so stated by Chambers +and by Wilkinson; but a remark once made to me by Mrs. Glendinning +(the wife of Glendinning, the printer, of Hatton Garden) still +leads me to press the inquiry.</p> +<p>P. 191.—<i>The Free Trade Club</i> was dissolved before +the publication of this edition of the <i>Handbook</i>.</p> +<p>P. 192.—And to Sir John Herschel, on his return from the +Cape of Good Hope.</p> +<p>P. 210. <i>Royal Society.</i>—From a letter of Dr. Charles +Hutton, in the <i>Newcastle Magazine</i> (vol. i. 2nd series), it +appears that at the time of Dr. Dodd's execution the Fellows were +in the habit of adjourning, after the meetings, to Slaughter's +Coffee House, "to eat oysters," &c. The celebrated John Hunter, +who had attempted to resuscitate the ill-fated Doctor, was one of +them. "The Royal Society Club" was instituted by Sir Joseph +Banks.</p> +<p>P. 221. <i>Hanover Square.</i>—Blank date.</p> +<p>P. 337. <i>Millbank Prison.</i>—It was designed, not by +"Jeremy Bentham," but by his brother, the great mechanist, Sir +Samuel Bentham. In passing, it may be remarked that the Royal +Military Academy, Woolwich, is constructed on the same principle, +and, as was stated in the <i>Mechanics' Magazine</i>, on authority, +a year or two ago, by the same engineer. General rumour has, +however, attributed the design to his gracious Majesty George III; +and its being so closely in keeping with the known spirit of +<i>espionage</i> of that monarch certainly gave countenance to the +rumour. It may be as well to state, however, that, so designed and +so built, it has never yet been so used.</p> +<p>P. 428.—<i>Benbow</i>, not a native of Wapping, but of +Shrewsbury. A life of him was published nearly forty years ago, by +that veteran of local and county history, Mr. Charles Hulbert, in +the <i>Salopian Magazine</i>.</p> +<p>P. 499. <i>Whitfield.</i>—Certainly not the founder of the +Methodists, in the ordinary or recognised acceptation of the term. +John Wesley was at the head of that movement from the very first, +and George Whitfield and Charles Wesley were altogether subordinate +to him. Wesley and Whitfield parted company on the ground of +Arminianism <i>versus</i> Calvinism. For a while the two sects kept +the titles of "Arminian Methodists" and "Calvinistic Methodists." +The latter made but little ground afterwards, and the distinctive +adjective was dropped by the Wesleyans when the Whitfieldites had +ceased to be a prominent body.</p> +<p>P. 515. <i>Doctor Dodd.</i>—The great interest excited in +favour of a commutation of his sentence, led to the belief at the +time, that his life had not been really sacrificed. Many plausible +stories respecting the Doctor having been subsequently seen alive, +were current; and as they may possibly in some future age be +revived, and again pass into general currency, it may be as well to +state that the most positive evidence to the contrary exists, in a +letter of Dr. Hutton's before referred to. The <i>attempt to +resuscitate him was actually made</i>, by a no less distinguished +surgeon than John Hunter. He seemed then to attribute the failure +to his having <i>received the body too late</i>. Wonderful effects +were at that time expected to result from the discovery of +galvanism; but it would have been wonderful indeed if any +restoration had taken place after more than two hours of suspended +animation. John Hunter, according to the account, does not seem to +have been very communicative on the subject, even to his +philosophical friends at Slaughter's Oyster Rooms.</p> +<p class="author">T.S.D.</p> +<p>Shooter's Hill.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name= +"footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag1">(return)</a> +<p>It may not be out of place here to mention one fine feature in +the character of "Tom Hurst;" his deep reverence for men of +ability, whether in literature, science, or art. Take one +instance:</p> +<p>Fourteen or fifteen years ago, I called one morning at his place +of business (then 65. St. Paul's Church Yard, which has been +subsequently absorbed into the "Religious Tract Depository"); and, +as was my custom, I walked through the shop to his private room. He +was "not in;" but a gentleman, who first looked at me and then at a +portrait of me on the wall, accosted me by my surname as familiarly +as an intimate acquaintance of twenty years would have done. He and +Hurst, it appeared, had been speaking of me, suggested by the +picture, before Hurst went out. The familiar stranger did not keep +me long in suspense—he intimated that I had "probably heard +our friend speak of Ben Haydon." Of course I had; and we soon got +into an easy chat. Hurst was naturally a common subject with us. +Amongst the remarks he made were the following, and in almost the +words:—</p> +<p>"When my troubles came on, I owed Hurst a large sum of money; +and the circumstances under which I became his debtor rendered this +peculiarly a debt of honour. He lent it me when he could ill spare +it; yet he is the only one of all my creditors who has not in one +way or other persecuted me to the present hour. When he first knew +of my wreck, he called upon me—<i>not to reproach but to +encourage me</i>—and he would not leave me till he felt sure +that he had changed the moody current of my thoughts. If there be +any change in him since then, it is in his increased kindness of +manner and his assiduity to serve me. He is now gone out to try to +sell 'a bit of daub' for me."</p> +<p>Hurst came in, and this conversation dropped; but it had been +well had Hurst been by his side on the day his last picture was +opened to view at the Egyptian Hall. The catastrophe of that night +might have been averted, notwithstanding Mr. Barnum and his Tom +Thumb show in the adjoining room.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<h3>SATIRICAL SONG UPON GEORGE VILLIERS, DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM.</h3> +<p>In turning over some old bundles of papers of the early part of +the seventeenth century, I met with the following satirical +effusion upon "James's infamous prime minister," George Villiers, +Duke of Buckingham. As an echo of the popular feelings of the +people at the time it was written, it merits preservation; and +although I have seen other manuscript copies of the ballad, it has +never yet, as far as I can learn, appeared in print.</p> +<p>It appears to be a parody or paraphrase of a well-known ballad +of the period, the burden of which attracted the notice of the +satirist. It afterwards became a common vehicle of derision during +the civil war, as may be seen by turning over the pages of the +collection entitled <i>Rump Songs</i>, and the folio volumes of the +king's pamphlets.</p> +<p>The <i>original</i> of these parodies has hitherto eluded my +researches. It is not among the Pepysian, Roxburghe, Wood, or Douce +ballads, but perhaps some of your readers may be able to point it +out in some public or private collection.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Come heare, Lady Muses, and help mee to sing,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>Of a duke that deserves to be made a king—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Our Buckingham Duke is the man that I meane,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>On his shoulders the weale of the kingdome doth leane—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"O happiest kingdome that ever was kind,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>And happie the king that hath such a friend—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page292" id= +"page292"></a>{292}</span></div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Needs must I extoll his worth and his blood—</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>And his sweet disposition soe milde and soe good—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Those innocent smiles that embelish his face,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>Who sees them not tokens of goodness and grace—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And what other scholler could ever arise,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>From a master that was soe sincere and wise—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Who is hee could now from his grave but ascend,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>Would surely the truth of his service commend—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"The king understands how he honors his place,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love me where I lay;</p> +<p>Which is to his majestie noe little grace—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And therefore the government justly hath hee,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>Of horse for the land, and shipps for the sea—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"What, though our fleet be our enemies debtor,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>Wee brav'd them once, and wee'l brave them better—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And should they land heere they should bee disjointed,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>And find both our horse and men bravely appointed—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Then let us sing all of this nobel duke's praise,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>And pray for the length of his life and his daies—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"And when that death shall close up his eyes,</p> +<p class="i2">Come love mee where I lay;</p> +<p>God take him up into the skies—</p> +<p class="i2">The cleane contrary way,</p> +<p class="i2">O the cleane contrary way."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>"WHOLE DUTY OF MAN," AUTHOR OF.</h3> +<h4>(From Baker's MSS, vol. xxxv. p. 469-470. Cambridge University +Library.)</h4> +<blockquote> +<p>"Octo'r 31. 1698. Mr. Thomas Caulton, Vicar of Worksop, &c. +[as in the note p. xiii. to the editor's Preface, ed. 1842, with +unimportant variations, such as <i>Madam Frances Heathcote</i>, +where the printed copy has <i>Mrs. Heathcote</i>; Baker reads +<i>Madam Ayre of Rampton after dinner took</i>, where the printed +copy has, <i>Mrs. Eyre</i>. After <i>was dead</i>, follows in +Baker,] and that in that Month she had buried her Husband and +severall Relations, but that her comfort was, that by her Monthly +Sacraments she participated still with them in the Communion of +Saints.</p> +<p>"Then she went to her Closet, and fetched out a Manuscript, w'ch +she said was the original of the <i>Whole Duty of Man</i>, tied +together and stitched, in 8'vo, like Sermon notes. She untied it, +saying, it was Dr. Fell's Correction and that the Author was the +Lady Packington (her Mother), in whose hand it was written.</p> +<p>"To prove this, the s'd Mr. Caulton further added that she said, +she had shewn it to Dr. Covell, Master of Christ's College<a id= +"footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href= +"#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> in Cambridge, Dr. Stamford, Preb. of +York, and Mr. Banks the present Incumbent of the Great Church in +Hull. She added, withall, that <i>The Decay of Christian Piety</i> +was hers (The Lady Packington's) also, but disowned any of the rest +to be her Mother's.</p> +<p>"This is a true Copy of what I wrote, from Mr. Caulton's Mouth, +two days before his Decease.</p> +<p>"Witness my hand,</p> +<p>"Nov. 15. 98.</p> +<p>"JOHN HEWYT."</p> +</blockquote> +<blockquote> +<p>"Bp. Fell tells us, that all these Tracts were written by the +excellent Author (whom he makes to be one and the same person) at +severall times, as y'e exigence of the Church, and the benefit of +soules directed y'r composures; and that he (the Author) did +likewise publish them apart, in the same order as they were made. +The last, it seems (w'ch is <i>The Lively Oracles</i>), came out in +1678, the very year Dr. Woodhead died. Had the Author liv'd longer, +we should have had his Tract <i>Of the Government of the +Thoughts</i>, a work he had undertaken; and certainly (as Bp. Fell +hath told us), had this work been finished, 'twould have equall'd, +if not excelled, whatever that inimitable hand had formerly wrote. +Withall it may be observ'd, that the Author of these Tracts speaks +of the great Pestilence, and of the great Fire of London, both w'ch +happen'd after the Restoration, whereas Bp. Chappell died in 1649. +And further, in sect. vii. of the <i>Lively Oracles</i>, n. 2., are +these words, w'ch I think cannot agree to Bp. Chappell [and less to +Mr. Woodhead]. <i>I would not be hasty in charging Idolatry upon +the Church of Rome, or all in her Communion; but that their +Image-Worship is a most futall snare, in w'ch vast numbers of +unhappy Souls are taken, no Man can doubt, who hath with any Regard +travailed in Popish Countries: I myself, and thousands of others, +whom the late troubles, or other occasions, sent abroad, are, and +have been witnesses thereof</i>. <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page293" id="page293"></a>{293}</span> These words seem to have +been spoke by one that had been at Rome, and was forced into those +Countries after the troubles broke out here. But as for Chappell, +he never was at Rome, nor in any of those Countries.</p> +<p>"As for Archbp. Stern, no Man will believe him to have any just +Title to any of these Tracts. [The last Passage concerning +idolatry, will not agree with Mr. Woodhead, nor the rest with Lady +Packington.]</p> +<p>"In a letter from Mr. Hearne, dat. Oxon, Mar. 27, 1733, said by +Dr. Clavering, Bp. of Petr. to be wrote by one Mr. Basket, a +Clergyman of Worcestershire. See Dr. Hamond's <i>Letters</i> +published by Mr. Peck, et ultra Quære."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>On so disputed a point as the authorship of the <i>Whole Duty of +Man</i>, your readers will probably welcome any discussion by one +so competent to form an opinion in such matters as Hearne.</p> +<p>The letter above given was unknown to the editor of Mr. +Pickering's edition.</p> +<p class="author">J.E.B. MAYOR.</p> +<p>Marlborough College.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2" name= +"footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag2">(return)</a> +<p>The printed copy has <i>Trinity</i> College.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<h3>MISTAKE ABOUT GEORGE WITHER.</h3> +<p>In Campbell's <i>Notices of the British Poets</i> (edit. 1848 p. +234.) is the following, passage from the short memoir of George +Wither:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"He was even afraid of being put to some mechanical trade, when +he contrived to get to London, and with great simplicity had +proposed to try his fortune at court. To his astonishment, however, +he found that it was necessary to flatter in order to be a +courtier. To show his independence, he therefore wrote his +<i>Abuses Whipt and Stript</i>, and, instead of rising at court, +was committed for some months to the Marshalsea."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The author adds a note to this passage, to which Mr. Peter +Cunningham (the editor of the edition to which I refer) appends the +remark inclosed between brackets:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"He was imprisoned for his <i>Abuses Whipt and Stript</i>; yet +this could not have been his first offence, as an allusion is made +to a former accusation. [It was for <i>The Scourge</i> (1615) that +his first known imprisonment took place.]"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I cannot discover upon any authority sufficient ground for Mr. +Campbell's note resecting a <i>former</i> accusation against +Wither. He was undoubtedly imprisoned for his <i>Abuses Whipt and +Stript</i>, which first appeared in print in 1613, but I do not +think an <i>earlier</i> offence can be proved against him. It has +been supposed, upon the authority of a passage in the <i>Warning +Piece to London</i>, that the first edition of this curious work +appeared in 1611; but I am inclined to think that the +lines,—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"In sixteen hundred ten and one,</p> +<p>I notice took of public crimes,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>refers to the period at which the "Satirical Essays" were +<i>composed</i>. Mr. Willmott, however (<i>Lives of the Sacred +Poets</i>, p. 72.), thinks that they point to an earlier +publication. But it is not likely that Wither would so soon again +have committed himself by the publication of the <i>Abuses</i> in +1613, if he had suffered for his "liberty of speech" so shortly +before.</p> +<p>Mr. Cunningham's addition to Mr. Campbell's note is incorrect. +The <i>Scourge</i> is part of the <i>Abuses Whipt and Stript</i> +printed in 1613 (a copy of which is now before me), to which it +forms a postscript. Wood, who had never seen it, speaks of it as a +<i>separate</i> publication; but Mr. Willmott has corrected this +error, although he had only the means of referring to the edition +of the <i>Abuses</i> printed in 1615. Mr. Cunningham's note, that +Wither was imprisoned for the <i>Scourge</i> in 1615, is a mistake; +made, probably, by a too hasty perusal of Mr. Willmott's charming +little volume on our elder sacred poets.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>USEFUL VERSUS USELESS LEARNING</h3> +<p>A single and practical plan for the formation of a complete and +useful library and <i>respository</i> of <i>universal</i> literary +knowledge.</p> +<p>The design which I propose in the following few lines, is one +which I should imagine nearly all the more learned and literary of +your readers would <i>wish</i> to see <i>already in existence</i> +and when I show that it might be effected <i>with very little +trouble and expense</i> (indeed <i>no</i> trouble but such as would +be a <i>pleasure</i> to those interested in the work), and that the +greatest advantage would follow from it,—I hope that it may +meet with favourable consideration from some of the numerous, able, +and influential readers and correspondents of your journal.</p> +<p>I am the more induced to hope this from the fact of such a wish +having been partially expressed by some of your contributors, and +the excellent leading articles of Nos. 1 and 2.</p> +<p>What I propose is simply this: the SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT of +<i>all</i> the existing literary knowledge in the world that is +considered <i>of value</i> by those best qualified to judge, +disposed in such a manner as to answer these two purposes: 1st, to +give a general connected and classified <i>view</i> of the literary +treasures of the whole world, beginning from the most ancient in +each language and department (including only what is valuable in +each); and, 2dly, to afford the greatest possible <i>facility</i> +(by means of arrangement, references and <i>indexes</i>) to every +inquirer for finding <i>at once</i> the information he is in search +of, if it is to be found <i>anywhere</i> by looking for it.</p> +<p>There are two ways in which this work might be accomplished, +both of which were desirable, though even one only would be much +better than none.</p> +<p>The first and most complete is, to make a real COLLECTION of all +those works, arranged in the <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page294" id="page294"></a>{294}</span> most perfect systematic +order; and, while doing so, to make at the same time a +corresponding classified <i>Catalogue</i>.</p> +<p>The chief (and almost the only) <i>difficulty</i> in the way of +this would be, to find a <i>room</i> (or suite of rooms) to contain +such a library and repository; but such would probably be found if +sought.</p> +<p>The other way in which this object might be attained is by the +formation of a simple CATALOGUE in the same order, such as does +already exist and lies open for public use (though only in +manuscript, and not so accurately classified as might be) in the +noble library of the Dublin University.</p> +<p>This plan would be <i>far easier</i> than (besides forming the +best possible <i>basis</i> for) that so urgently advocated by MR. +BOLTON CORNEY (Vol. i. pp. 9, 42, 43.).</p> +<p>Of course so extensive a design would require to be distributed +among many hundred persons; but so does any great work: while, by +each individual undertaking that department in which he is most +interested and most experienced, the whole might be accomplished +easily and pleasantly.</p> +<p>The great fault of antiquarians is, that they are constantly +<i>beginning at the wrong end</i>: they fix on some one piece of +information that they want to get, and devote a world of labour to +hunting about in all directions for anything bearing on the +subject; whereas the rational way obviously is, to have the whole +existing mass of (valuable) knowledge <i>classified</i>, and then +the inquirer would know <i>where</i> to look for his purpose.</p> +<p>Of course there will always remain much knowledge of a +miscellaneous and irregular nature which is picked up by accident, +and does not come within the scope of the present design; but this +is generally of a trifling and fugitive kind, and does not at all +controvert the principle above laid down.</p> +<p>In conclusion, I have worked out a tolerably complete series of +arrangements for the above design, showing its practicability as +well as usefulness, which will be much at the service of any one +who can use them for the furtherance of that object.</p> +<p class="author">W. D.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR NOTES.</h3> +<p><i>Numerals.</i>—For the old Indian forms, see Prinsep's +<i>Journal Asiatic Soc. Bengal</i>, 1838, p. 348. The prospectus of +<i>Brugsh, Numerorum apud Egyptios Demoticorum Doctrina</i>, +Berlin, promises to give from papyri and inscriptions not only the +figures, but the forms of operation. Probably the system assumed +its present form by the meeting of the Indian and Egyptian traders +at some emporium near the mouth of the Indus. Peacock seems to give +undue weight to the fact, that the Tibetans have a copious +nomenclature for high numbers: their arithmetic, doubtless, came +with their alphabet, and the Buddhist legends from India.</p> +<p class="author">F.Q.</p> +<p><i>Junnius and Sir Philip Francis.</i>—A few years ago, an +aged intelligent person named Garner was living at Belgrave, near +Leicester. I have heard him say that, when he was a farm bailiff to +Lord Thanet, at Sevenoaks, in Kent, Sir Philip Francis was a +frequent visitor there, and had a private room set apart for +literary occupation. On one occasion, when he (Mr. Garner) was +riding over the farm with Sir Philip Francis, the former alluded to +one of the replies to Junius, by a clergyman who had been the +subject of the "Great Unknown's" anonymous attacks, adding, "They +say, Sir Philip, you are Junius." Sir Philip did not deny that he +was the man, but simply smiled at the remark. This, and other +circumstances coupled with the fact of Sir Philip's frequent visits +to the house of so noted a politician as Lord Thanet, rendered Mr. +Garner a firm believer in the identity of Sir Philip and Junius to +the end of his days.</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<p><i>Jews under the Commonwealth</i> (Vol. i., pp. 401. 474.; vol +ii., p. 25.).—There is a confirmation of the story of the +Jews being in treaty for St. Paul's and the Oxford Library in a +passage in Carte's <i>Letters</i>, i. 276, April 2, +1649:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"They are about demolishing and selling cathedral churches. I +hear Norwich is designed already, and that the Jews proffer +600,000<i>l.</i> for Paul's and Oxford Library, and may have them +for 200,000<i>l.</i> more."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">CH.</p> +<p>"<i>Is anything but," &c.</i>—As your work seems +adapted, amongst other subjects, to check the introduction into our +language of undesirable words, phrases, and forms of speech, I +would call the attention of your readers to the modern phrases, "is +anything but," and the like, which have lately crept into use, and +will be found, in many (otherwise) well-written books.</p> +<p>I read the phrase "is anything but," for the first time, in +Napier's <i>Peninsular War</i>; where it struck me as being so much +beneath the dignity of historical composition, and at the same time +asserting an impossibility, that I meditated calling the author's +attention to it. The not unfrequent use of the same phrase by other +writers, since that time, has by no means reconciled me to its +use.</p> +<p>In the <i>Edinburgh Review</i> for January last (1850) I find +the following sentence:—"But as pains have been taken to fix +the blame <i>upon any one except</i> the parties culpable;" and in +the July number of the same <i>Review</i> (p. 90.) occurs the +sentence, "<i>any impulse rather than</i> that of patriotism," +&c.</p> +<p>Now, a "thing," or "person," or "impulse,"—though it may +not be the "thing," or "person," or "impulse" charged as the +agent,—must yet be some <i>certain</i> and <i>specific</i> +thing, or party, or impulse, <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page295" id="page295"></a>{295}</span> if existing as an agent at +all in the matter; and cannot be "<i>any</i> thing," or "<i>any</i> +party," or "<i>any</i> impulse," in the <i>indefinite</i> sense +intended in these phrases. Moreover, there seems no difficulty in +expressing, in a simple and direct manner, that the agent was a +very different, or opposite, or dissimilar "thing," or "person," or +"impulse" from that supposed.</p> +<p>I wish some persons of competent authority in the science of our +language (and many such there are who write in your pages) would +take up this subject, with a view to preserve the purity of it; and +would also, for the future, exercise a watchful vigilance over the +use, for the <i>first</i> time, of any incorrect, or low words or +phrases, in composition; and so endeavour to confine them to the +vulgar, or to those who ape the vulgar in their style.</p> +<p class="author">P.H.F.</p> +<p><i>Fastitocalon.</i>—<i>Fastitocalon. Cod. Exon.</i> fol. +96. b. p. 360. 18. read [Greek: Aspido ... chelonae]. Tychsen, +<i>Physiologus Syrus</i>, cap. xxx.: did the digamma get to +Crediton by way of Cricklade?</p> +<p class="author">F.Q.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>QUERIES</h2> +<h3>BISHOP COSIN'S CONFERENCE.</h3> +<p>Basire in his <i>Dead Man's Real Speech</i> (pp. 59, 60.), +amongst other "notable instances" of Bishop Cosin's zeal and +constancy in defence of the Church of England, mentions</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A solemn conference both by word and writing betwixt him and +the Prior of the English Benedictines at Paris, supposed to be +Robinson. The argument was concerning the validity of the +ordination of our priests, &c., in the Church of England. The +issue was, our Doctor had the better so far, that he could never +get from the Prior any reply to his last answer. This conference +was undertaken to fix a person of honour then wavering about that +point; the sum of which conference (as I am informed), was written +by Dr. Cosin to Dr. Morley, the now Right Reverend Lord Bishop of +Winchester, in two letters bearing date June 11, July 11, +1645."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The substance of this conference has been preserved among the +Smith Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; but it is not in the +form of letters to Dr. Morley. Vol. xl. of this valuable collection +of manuscripts contains (as described in Smith's table of +contents):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>1. "Papers of Bp. Cosins in defence of the Ordination of the +Church of England against father Prior.</p> +<p>"The first of these is Bp. Cosin's Review of the Father's +Letter, &c. [the title-page is placed at p. 77.]</p> +<p>"Then follows a letter (which is indeed the Bishop's first +paper, and should be put first) from Bishop Cosin to the +Father.</p> +<p>"After that the Father's Answer to Bishop Cosin's Review at p. +81.</p> +<p>"Then come two other papers about the validity of our +Ordination, with a preface concerning the occasion, p. 89."</p> +<p>2. "Then, p. 101., A Letter from a <i>Rom. Cath.</i> to a Lady +about communicating in one kind,—with Bishop Cosin's +Answer."</p> +<p>3. "Lastly, in p. 123., is A Letter of Bp. Cosin's to Dr. +Collins concerning the Sabbath."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The order in which the papers under the first head, about our +English ordination, should fall, appears to be as +follows:—</p> +<p>1. There is a note attached to p. 65., evidently written by Dr. +Tho. Smith himself in the following words:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Transcript of several papers of Bishop Cosin's sent to me by +Dr. J. Smith, Prebendary of Durham.—T.S."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>2. At p. 77. the title-page is given thus:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A Review of a Letter sent from F.P.R. to a Lady (whom he would +have persuaded to the Rom. party) in Opposition to a former paper +given him for the defence of the Church of England in the +Ordination of Priests."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>To this are appended the respective forms of ordering priests +used in the Church of England and in the Roman Church.</p> +<p>3. Then, at p. 89., we have the "occasion of this ... Discourse +concerning the Ordination of Priests," &c. This is a kind of +preface, which contains the first paper that was given to the +Prior, dated June 14, 1645; also another paper, bearing date July +11, 1645, but ending abruptly in the middle of a sentence, and +having written below it (probably in Dr. J. Smith's hand) the +following note:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The rest of this is not yet found, and that which is written +thus far is not in the Bishop's own hand, but the copy is very +fair."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>However, this second paper (ending thus abruptly) appears to be +no more than the first draft of a long letter from Cosin to the +Prior, which commences at p. 65. of this MS., and which is dated +"from the Court of S. Germains, July 11, 1645;" for not only does +this letter bear the same <i>date</i> as the before-mentioned +fragment, but it begins by complaining of the tone of expression in +a letter evidently received from the Prior after the draft had been +prepared, but before it was sent off; and it concludes with the +following note appended as a postscript:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Sir,</p> +<p>"The enclosed (most of it) was prepared for you a fortnight +since; but now (upon the occasion given by your letter) you have it +with some advantage from</p> +<p>"Your servt., J.C.</p> +<p>"I desire the fav"</p> +<p>"S. Germ. July 12."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>4. The most important part of this MS., however, is contained in +the long letter or treatise <span class="pagenum"><a name="page296" +id="page296"></a>{296}</span> placed first in the volume, and +bearing for its title, "A View of F.P.'s Answer to the First +Paper."</p> +<p>This is dated from S. Germains, July 25, 1645 and would appear +to be Cosin's last letter. But, if it be really so, Basire must, I +think, be in error, when he says, "Our Doctor ... could never get +from the Prior any reply to his last answer." For at p. 81. of the +MS. there is a reply to the above "Review of a Letter sent by F.R. +to a Lady," &c. which, though copied without either date or +signature, was evidently written by the Prior, whilst it professes +to be a reply to a treatise closely answering to Cosin's letter of +July 25, but which letter the writer did not receive (as he states) +before the 26th of September.</p> +<p>I wish yet further to take notice, that Dr. Tho. Smith, in His +<i>Vitæ</i> (Lond. 1707, præf. pp. vii, viii.), refers +to these manuscripts in the following satisfactory +manner:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Cum, post mortem D. Cosini, de pretio et valore schedarum, quas +reliquit, hæredibus non satis constaret, ... auspieatò +tandem devenit, ut favore, beneficio, et perquam insigni humanitate +reverendi et doctissimi viri, D. Joannis Smith, Sacræ +Theologiæ Professoris Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis +Præbendarii, quorum frequens hac de re commercium literarum, +occasione data, (opportunè intercedente prænobili et +reverendo, D. Georgio Whelero, equite aurato, et Ecclesiæ +Anglicanæ Presbytero, ejusdem quoque Ecclesiæ +Cathedralis Prebendario), habui, duos libellos (tanquam +prætiosas tabulas ab isthoc infami naufragio servatas) a D. +Cosino, dum in Galliâ exularet, Anglieè conscriptos +jam possidieam: quarum unus <i>Vindicias Ordinatianum +Ecclesieæ Anglicanæ</i> contra exceptiones et +cavillationes cujusdem Pontificii sacerdotis e gente nostra, alter +<i>Responsionem ad Epistolam</i> nobili fæminæ +Anglæ ab alio saccrdote <i>pro defensione communionis sub +unicâ specie administrandæ</i> inscriptam, +complectitur," &c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I should still be glad to add to this long note the followng +Queries:—</p> +<p>1. Can any of your readers kindly inform me whether Cosin's two +letters to Dr. Geo. Morley are still in existence, either in MS. or +in print?</p> +<p>2. Whether there be any fuller or more authentic account of the +controversy than that in these MS. preserved by the care of Dr. +Smith?</p> +<p>3. Whether Cosin wrote any letter to the Prior <i>later</i> than +that of July 25?</p> +<p>4. Who was the <i>lady</i> the Prior wished to seduce to the +Roman party?</p> +<p>5. Is there any other account of the controversy?</p> +<p class="author">J. SANSOM.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>ENGELMAN'S BIBILIOTHECA SCRIPTORUM CLASSICORUM.</h3> +<p>A little while ago, I ordered Engelman's <i>Bibliotheca +Scriptoram Classicorum</i>, purporting to contain all such works +published from 1700 to 1846. It was furnished to my bookseller by a +foreign bookseller in <i>London</i> with an English title, having +<i>his own</i> name on it as publisher, and an invitation to +purchase the books described in it <i>from him</i>. As the paper +and type were German, I objected and received in consequence a new +English title, with the same name upon it, and a <i>shorter</i> +invitation to purchase from him. I was captious enough to object +even to this; and I then received a Leipzig title in German. But +there still remains a difficulty: for this German title has also +the name of a <i>Parisian</i> bookseller upon it, <i>a la maison +duquel on peut s'adresser, &c.</i> Now, as Engelman is a +bookseller, and would probably not object to an order out of his +own catalogue, of which he is both author and publisher, the +preceding, circumstances naturally raise the following Queries:</p> +<p>1. What is the real title-page of Engelman's <i>Catalogue</i> 2. +Is the Parisian house accredited by Engelman; or has the former +served the latter as the London house has Served both? 3. Is it not +desirable that literary men should set their faces very decidedly +against all and every the slightest alteration in the genuine +description of a book? 4. Would it not be desirable that every such +alteration should forthwith be communicate to your paper?</p> +<p>The English title-page omits the important fact, that the +<i>Catalogue</i> begins at 1700, and describes it as containing +<i>all</i> editions, &c., up to 1846.</p> +<p class="author">A. DE MORGAN.</p> +<p>September 24. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>Portrait of Sir P. Sidney, by Paul Veronese.</i>—In the +letters of Sir P. Sidney which I found at Hamburg, and which were +published by Pickering, 1845, it is stated that a portrait of +Sidney was painted by Paul Veronese, at Venice, for Herbert +Languet. It would be very interesting to discover the existence of +this picture.</p> +<p>Languet had it with him at Prague, <i>framed</i>, as he asserts, +and hung up in his room, in the year 1575. He remarks upon it, in +one place, that it represented Sidney as too young (he was nineteen +when it was taken); in another place he says that it has given him +too sad an expression. I should add, that on Languet's death, his +property passed into the hands of his friend Du Plessis.</p> +<p>I am led to write to you on this subject, by having observed, a +few days since, in the collection at Blenheim, two portraits by +Paul Veronese, of persons unknown. There may be many such, and that +of Sir Philip Sidney may yet be identified.</p> +<p class="author">STEUART A. PEARS.</p> +<p>Harrow, Sept. 6.</p> +<p><i>Confession.</i>—You would much oblige if you could +discover the name of a Catholic priest, in <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page297" id="page297"></a>{297}</span> German +history, who submitted to die rather than reveal a secret committed +to him in confession?</p> +<p class="author">U.J.B.</p> +<p><i>Scotch Prisoners at Worcester.</i>—In Mr. Walcott's +<i>History of St. Margaret's Church, Westminster</i>, I find the +following extract from church wardens' accounts:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"1652. P'd to Thos. Wright for 67 loads of soyle laid on the +graves in Tothill Fields, wherein 1200 Scotch prisoners, taken at +the fight at Worcester, were buried; and for other pains taken with +his teeme of horses, about mending the Sanctuary Highway, when Gen. +Ireton was buried."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I have taken the pains to verify this extract, and find the +figures quite correctly given. I wish to put the Query: Is this +abominable massacre in cold blood mentioned by any of our +historians? But for such unexceptionable evidence, it would appear +incredible.</p> +<p class="author">C.F.S.</p> +<p><i>Adamson's Reign of Edward II.</i>—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The Reigns of King Edward II., and so far of King Edward III., +as relates to the Lives and Actions of Piers Gaveston, Hugh de +Spencer, and Roger Lord Mortimer, with Remarks thereon adapted to +the present Time: Humbly addressed to all his Majesty's Subjects of +Great Britain, &c., by <i>J. Adamson</i>. Printed for J. +Millar, near the Horse Guards, 1732, and sold by the Booksellers of +London and Westminster, price One Shilling."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The above is the title-page of a little work of eighty-six pages +in my possession, which I am inclined to think is scarce. It +appears to be a defence of the Walpole administration from the +attacks of the <i>Craftsman</i>, a periodical of the time, +conducted by Amhurst, who was supported by Bolinbroke and Pulteney, +the leaders of the opposition. Is anything known of <i>J. +Adamson</i>, the author?</p> +<p class="author">H.A.E.</p> +<p><i>Sir Thomas Moore.</i>—Can any of your readers give any +account of Sir Thomas Moore, beyond what Victor tells of him in his +<i>History</i> of the Theatre, ii. p. 144., "that he was the author +of an absurd tragedy called <i>Mangora</i> (played in 1717), and +was knighted by George I."</p> +<p>In Pope's "Epistle to Arbuthnot," he writes—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Arthur, whose giddy son leglects the laws."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>on which Warburton notes—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"<i>Arthur Moore, Esq.</i>"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Who was <i>Arthur Moore, Esq.</i>? and who was the "giddy son?" +Was the latter <i>James Moore Smith</i> a gentleman whose family +name was, I think, <i>Moore</i>, and who assumed (perhaps for a +fortune) the additional name of <i>Smith</i>? This gentleman Pope +seems to call indiscriminately <i>Moore</i>, <i>Moor</i>, and +<i>More</i>: and when he says that his good nature towards the +dunces was so great that he had even "rhymed for Moor" (<i>Ib.</i> +v. 373.), I cannot but suspect that the Moor <i>for</i> whom he had +<i>rhymed</i>, was the <i>giddy son</i> whom <i>Arthur</i> accused +him of seducing from the law to the Muses. There are many allusions +to this Mr. James Moore Smith throughout Pope's satirical works, +but all very obscure; and Warburton, though he appears to have +known him, affords no explanation as to who or what he was. He was +the author of a comedy called <i>The Rival Modes</i>.</p> +<p>C.</p> +<p><i>Dr. E. Cleaver, Bishop of Cork.</i>—I shall feel much +obliged to any of your correspondents who will furnish me with the +particulars of the consecration of Dr. Euseby Cleaver to the sees +of Cork and Ross, in March, April, or May, 1789. Finding no record +of the transaction in the Diocesan Registry of Cork, and not being +able to trace it in any other part of <i>Ireland</i>, I am induced +to believe that this consecration may have taken place in +<i>England</i>; and shall be very glad to be correctly informed +upon the point.</p> +<p class="author">H. COTTON.</p> +<p>Thurles, Ireland.</p> +<p><i>Gwynn's London and Westminster.</i>—Mr. Thomas +Frederick Hunt, in his <i>Exemplars of Tudor Architecture</i>, 4to. +London, 1830, in a note at p. 23., alludes to <i>London and +Westminster improved, by John Gywnn, London</i>, 1766, 4to., and +has this remark:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"It is a singular fact, that in this work John Gwynn pointed out +almost all the designs for the improvement of London, which have +been <i>devised</i> by the civil and military architects of the +present day."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>And Mr. Hunt concludes by observing,, that—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"This discovery was made by the <i>Literary Gazette</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Will you permit me, through the medium of your useful +publication, to solicit information of the number and date of the +<i>Literary Gazette</i> which recalled public attention to this +very remarkable fact?</p> +<p class="author">§N.</p> +<p><i>Coronet.</i>—In Newbold Church, in the county of +Warwick, is a monument to the memory of Thomas Boughton of Lawford, +and Elizabeth his wife, representing him in a suit of armour, with +sword and spurs, <i>a coronet on his head</i>, and a bear at his +feet, chained and muzzled. Query.—Can any of your readers +give an accurate description of this coronet? Or can any of them +mention instances of the monuments of esquires having similar +coronets? The date of his death is not given: his wife died in the +year 1454.</p> +<p class="author">Z.</p> +<p><i>Cinderella.</i>—Referring to Vol. ii., p. 214., allow +me to ask in what edition of Perrault's <i>Fairy Tales</i> the +misprint of <i>verre</i> from <i>vair</i> first occurs? what is the +date of their first publication, as well as that of the translation +under the title of <i>Mother Goose's Tales</i>? whether Perrault +was the originator of <i>Cinderella</i>, or from what source he +drew the tale? <span class="pagenum"><a name="page298" id= +"page298"></a>{298}</span> what, moreover, is the authority for +identifying <i>sable</i> with <i>vair</i> for the employment of +either in designating the highest rank of princesses?</p> +<p class="author">SANDVICENSIS.</p> +<p><i>Judas' Bell, Judas' Candle</i> (Vol. i., pp. 195. 235. +357.).—Some time since I asked the meaning of a Judas' Bell, +and your learned correspondent CEPHAS replied that it was only a +bell so christened after St. Jude, the apostle. However, it may +have been connected with the Judas' tapers, which, according, to +the subjoined entries, were used with the Paschal candle at Easter. +May I trust to his kindness to explain its purport?</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>Reading Parish Accompts</i>.</p> +<p>"1499. Itm. payed for making leng' Mr. Smyth's molde wt. a Judas +for the Pascall—vJd."</p> +<p>"<i>St. Giles' Parish Accompts</i>.</p> +<p>"A.D. 1514. Paid for making a Judas for Pascall iiijd."</p> +<p>"<i>Churchwardens' Accompts of S. Martin, Outwich</i>.</p> +<p>"1510. Paid to Randolf Merchaunt Wex Chandiler for the Pascall, +the tapers affore the Rode, the Cross Candelles, and Judas +Candelles—viiijs. iiijd."</p> +<p>"<i>St. Margaret's, Westminster.</i></p> +<p>"1524. Item payed for xij. Judacis to stand with the +tapers—O ijd. O"</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A., Oxon.</p> +<p><i>Dozen of Bread; Baker's Dozen.</i>—In the <i>Chronicle +of Queen Jane, and of Two Years of Queen Mary</i>, lately printed +for the Camden Society (Appendix iv. p. 112.), it is stated that, +amongst other particulars in the accounts of the Chamberlain of +Colchester, at which place Mary was entertained on her way to +London, there is:—"For xxxviii. <i>dozen of bread</i>, +xxxixs." In the language of the county from which I write, "a dozen +of bread" was (and I believe is yet) used to express either one +loaf, value twelvepence or two loaves, value sixpence each: and +even when the sizes and price of the loaves varied, it was used to +express the larger loaf, or the two smaller loaves. A dozen of +bread was also divided into six twopenny, or twelve penny +loaves.</p> +<p>But in the quotation above, thirty-eight dozen of bread are +charged thirty-nine shillings; whereas the extra one shilling, +cannot be divided into aliquot parts, so as to express the value of +each of the thirty-eight dozen of bread.</p> +<p>What was a dozen of bread in 1553?</p> +<p>What is a <i>baker's dozen</i>, and why so called?</p> +<p class="author">P.H.F.</p> +<p><i>Kongs skuggsia.</i>—Is anything, precise known of the +date and origin of the Icelandic Kongs skuggsia.</p> +<p class="author">F.Q.</p> +<p><i>Coins of Gandophares.</i>—Coins of Gandophares, an +Indian prince, are described by Prinsep, <i>Jour. Asiatic Soc. +Bengal</i>, and in Wilson's <i>Asiana</i>. The name is met with in +the legends of St. Thomas can it be found elsewhere?</p> +<p class="author">F.Q.</p> +<p><i>Satirical Medals.</i>—Is any printed account to be +found of a very elaborately executed series of caricature medals +relating to the revolution of 1688?</p> +<p class="author">F.Q.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>REPLIES.</h2> +<h3>GAUDENTIO DI LUCCA.</h3> +<h4>(Vol. ii., p. 247.)</h4> +<p>The work entitled <i>The Adventures of Sig. Gaudentio di +Lucca</i> was published at London in 1737, in 1 vol. 8vo. It +purports to be a translation from the Italian, by E.T. Gent but +this is a mere fiction. The work is evidently an English +composition. It belongs to the class of <i>Voyages Imaginaires</i>, +and its main object is to describe the institutions and manners of +the Mezoranians, an Utopian community, supposed to exist in the +centre of Africa. Sig. Gaudentio is able, by an accident, to visit +this people, by the way of Egypt, and to return to Europe; he +resides at Bologna, where he falls under the suspicion of the +Inquisition, and having been brought before that tribunal, he +describes his former life, and his adventures in the country of the +Mezoranians.</p> +<p>A second London edition of this work, of the date of 1748, is +mentioned in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for Jan. 1777. There +is an edition in 12mo., printed at Edinburgh, 1761. And there is +another London edition, in 8vo., of the year 1786. Copies of the +editions of 1737 and 1786 are in the British Museum.</p> +<p>There are two French translations of the work. One is of the +date 1746, under the title of <i>Mémoires de Gaudentio di +Lucca</i>. The second, of 1754, by M. Dupuy Demportes, speaks of +the first having been made by an Englishman named <i>Milts</i>; but +the person and name appear to be fictitious. The first translation +is said by Barbier, <i>Dict. des Anonymes</i>, No. 11,409, to have +been revised by the Chevalier de Saint Germain, who made additions +to it of his own invention. The second translation is reprinted in +the collection of <i>Voyages Imaginaires</i>, Amsterdam et Paris, +1787, tom. vi.</p> +<p>An anonymous writer in the <i>Gent. Mag.</i> for Jan. 1777, vol. +xlvii., p. 13., speaking of Bishop Berkeley, says that "the +<i>Adventures of Signor Gaudentio di Lucca</i> have been generally +attributed to him." The writer of the note added to the <i>Life of +Berkeley</i> in Kippis's <i>Biogr. Brit.</i>, 1780, vol. ii. p. +261., quotes this statement, and adds that the work is ascribed to +him by the booksellers in their printed catalogues. This writer +thinks that the authorship of Bp. Berkeley is consistent with the +internal evidence of the book but he furnishes no positive +testimony on the subject.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page299" id= +"page299"></a>{299}</span> +<p>In a letter from Mr. J.C. Walker to Mr. Pinkerton, of 19 Jan., +1799 (published in Pinkerton's <i>Literary Correspondence</i>, vol. +ii., p. 41.), Lord Charlemont is referred to as believing that +Gaudentio di Lucca is founded in fact; that Bishop Berkeley, when +he was at Cairo, conversed with persons who had attended a caravan, +and that he learned from them what he narrated in the account of +Gaudentio. This passage is cited in Southey's <i>Common-place +Book</i>, p. 204; but the work is manifestly fictitious, and it +does not appear that Berkeley, though he twice visited the +Continent, was ever out of Europe.</p> +<p>The date of the publication of Gaudentio is quite consistent +with the authorship of Berkeley, who died in 1753; but the notice +in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> only proves the existence of a +rumour to that effect; and the authentic <i>Life of Berkeley</i>, +by Dr. Stock, chiefly drawn up from materials communicated by Dr. +R. Berkeley, brother to the Bishop, and prefixed to the collected +edition of his work (2 vols. 4to. Lond., 1784), makes no allusion +to Gaudentio. There is nothing in the contents of this work which +renders it likely that the authorship should have been carefully +concealed by Bp. Berkeley and his family, if he had really been the +author. The literary execution of Gaudentio is good; and it is +probable that the speculative character of the work, and the fact +that Berkeley had visited Italy, suggested the idea that he had +composed it. The belief that Bishop Berkeley was the author of +<i>Gaudentio di Lucca</i> may therefore be considered as +unauthorised.</p> +<p>The copy of the edition of <i>Gaudentio</i> of 1786, which is +preserved in the British Museum, contains in the title-page the +following note, in pencil:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Written originally in English by Dr. Swale of Huntingdon. See +<i>Gent. Mag.</i> 1786."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for 1786 does not, however, +contain any information about the authorship of <i>Gaudentio</i>; +and the name of Dr. Swale appears to be unknown in literary +history. At the same time, a positive entry of this sort, with +respect to an obscure person, doubtless had some foundation. On the +authority of this note, Dr. Swale is registered as the author of +Gaudentio in the printed catalogue of the British Museum Library, +whence it has passed into Watt's <i>Bibl. Brit.</i> Perhaps some of +your correspondents, who are connected with Huntingdon, may be able +to throw some light on Dr. Swale.</p> +<p>Lastly, it should be added, that the writer of the article +"Berkeley," in the <i>Biographic Universelle</i>, adverts to the +fact that <i>Gaudentio di Lucca</i> has been attributed to him: he +proceeds, however, to say that—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The author of a Life of Berkeley affirms that Berkeley is not +the author of that book, which he supposes to have been written by +a Catholic priest imprisoned in the Tower of London."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I have been unable to trace the origin of this statement; nor do +I know what is the <i>Life of Berkeley</i>, to which the writer in +the <i>Biogr. Univ.</i> refers. The Life published under the +direction of his family makes no allusion to Gaudentio, or to the +belief that it was composed by Bishop Berkeley.</p> +<p>The <i>Encyclopédie Méthodique</i>, div. "Econ. +pol. et dipl." (Paris, 1784), tom. I. p. 89., mentions the +following work:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"La République des Philosophes, ou l'Histoire des +Ajaoiens, relation d'un voyage du Chevalier S. van Doelvett en +Orient en l'an 1674, qui contient la description du Gouvernement, +de la Religion, et des Moeurs des Ajaoiens."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>It is stated that this romance, though composed a century +before, had only been lately published. The editor attributed it to +Fontenelle, but (as the writer in the <i>Encycl. Méth.</i> +thinks) probably without reason. The title of Berkeley to the +authorship of Gaudentio has doubtless no better foundation.</p> +<p class="author">L.</p> +<p class="note">[Dunlop, <i>Hist. Fiction</i>, iii. 491., speaks of +this romance as "generally, and I believe on good grounds, supposed +to be the work of the celebrated Berkeley;" adding, "we are told, +in the life of this celebrated man, that Plato was his favourite +author: and, indeed, of all English writers Berkeley has most +successfully imitated the style and manner of that philosopher. It +is not impossible, therefore, that the fanciful republic of the +Grecian sage may have led Berkeley to write <i>Gaudentio di +Lucca</i>, of which the principal object apparently is to describe +a faultless and patriarchal form of governnent." The subject is a +very curious one, and invites the further inquiry of our valued +correspondent.—ED.]</p> +<hr /> +<h3>ON A PASSAGE IN "THE TEMPEST."</h3> +<p>I was indebted to MR. SINGER for one of the best emendations in +the edition of Shakspeare I superintended (vol. vi. p. 559.), and I +have too much respect for his sagacity and learning to pass, +without observation, his remarks in "NOTES AND QUERIES" (Vol. ii., +p. 259.), on the conclusion of the speech of Ferdinand, in "The +Tempest," Act iii., Sc. 1.:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours;</p> +<p>Most busy, least when I do it."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>This is the way in which I ventured to print the passage, +depending mainly upon the old copies. In the folio, 1623, where the +play for the first time appeared, the last line stands:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Most busie lest, when I doe it;"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>and in that of 1632,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Most busie least, when I doe it:"</p> +</div> +</div> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page300" id= +"page300"></a>{300}</span> +<p>so that the whole merit I claim that of altering the place of a +comma, thereby, as I apprehend, rendering the meaning of the poet +evident. The principle upon which I proceeded throughout was that +of making as little variation as possible from the ancient +authorities: upon that principle I acted in the instance in +question, and I frequently found that this was the surest mode of +removing difficulties. I could not easily adduce a stronger proof +of this position, than the six words on which the doubt at this +time has been raised.</p> +<p>Theobald made an important change in the old text, and his +reading has been that generally adopted:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Most busy-less when I do it."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>In restoring the old text I had, therefore, to contend with +prepossession, against which, it seems, the Rev. Mr. Dyce was not +proof, although I only know it from MR. SINGER'S letter, never +having looked into the book in which I suppose, the opinion is +advanced.</p> +<p>One reason why I should reject the substitution of "busy-less," +even if I had not a better mode of overcoming the difficulty, is +properly adverted to by MR. SINGER, viz. that the word was not in +use in the time of Shakspeare. The only authority for it, at any +period, quoted in Todd's Johnson, is this very (as I contend) +corrupted passage in the Tempest; I have not met with it at all in +any of the older dictionaries I have been able to consult; and +unless the Rev. Mr. Dyce have been more fortunate, he was a little +short-sighted, as well as a little angry, when he wrote his note +upon mine. Had he taken more time to reflect, he might have found +that after all Theobald and I are not so much at odds, although he +arrives at his end by varying from, and I at mine by adhering to, +the ancient authorities. In fact, I gain some confirmation of what, +I believe, is the true meaning of Shakspeare, out of the very +corruption Theobald introduced, and the Rev. Mr. Dyce, to my +surprise, supports. I should have expected him to be the very last +man who would advocate an abandonment of what has been handed down +to us in every old edition of the play.</p> +<p>The key of the whole speech of Ferdinand is contained in its +very outset:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"There be some sports are painful, and their labour</p> +<p>Delight in them sets off;"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>and the poet has said nearly the same thing in "Macbeth:"</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"The labour we delight in physics pain."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>It is because Ferdinand delights in the labour that he does not +feel it irksome:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"This my mean task</p> +<p>Would be as heavy to me as odious; but</p> +<p>The mistress which I serve quickens what's dead,</p> +<p>And makes my labours pleasure."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>He, therefore, tells us, at the close, that his labours are +refreshed by the sweet thoughts of her; that, in fact, his toil is +no toil, and that when he is "most busy" he "least does it," and +suffers least under it. The delight he takes in his "mean task" +renders it none.</p> +<p>Such I take to be the clear meaning of the poet, though somewhat +obscurely and paradoxically expressed—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Most busy, least when I do it;"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>and when Theobald proposed to substitute</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Most busy-less when I do it,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>he saw, though perhaps not quite distinctly, that such was the +poet's intention, only, as I have said above, he arrived at it by +altering, and I by adhering to, the poet's language. I may be +allowed to add that I came to my conclusion many years before I was +asked to put my name to an edition of Shakspeare, which interrupted +one of the most valuable friendships I ever formed.</p> +<p>MR. SINGER will see at once that my interpretation (which I +consider quite consistent with the character of Shakspeare's mind, +as well as quite consistent with the expressions he has used +throughout the speech of the hero), steers clear of his proposal to +alter "busie lest," or "busie least," of the folios of 1623 and +1632, to <i>busyest</i> or <i>busiest</i>; although everybody at +all acquainted with our old language will agree with him in +thinking, that if Shakspeare had used "busiest" at all, which he +does not in any of his productions, he might have said <i>most +busiest</i> without a violation of the constant practice of his +day.</p> +<p class="author">J. PAYNE COLLIER.</p> +<p>September 24. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>GRAY'S ELEGY.</h3> +<p>Perhaps the HERMIT of HOLYPORT will be satisfied with proofs +from GRAY himself as to the time and manner of the first appearance +of the <i>Elegy</i>.</p> +<p>GRAY thus writes to Dr. Wharton, under the date of "Dec. 17, +1750." [I quote Mason's "Life" of its Author, p. 216.]</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The stanzas" [which he afterwards called <i>Elegy</i> at the +suggestion of Mason] "which I now enclose to you have had the +misfortune, by <i>Mr.</i> [Horace] <i>Walpole's fault</i>, to be +made still more public," &c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The next letter in Mason's publication is a letter from "Mr. +Gray to Mr. Walpole" (p. 217.), and is dated "<i>Cambridge, +Feb.</i> 11, 1751," which runs thus:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"As you have brought me into a little sort of distress, you must +assist me, I believe, to get out of it as well as I can. Yesterday +I had the misfortune of receiving a letter from certain gentlemen +(as their bookseller expresses it) who have taken the Magazine of +Magazines into their hands: they tell me that an <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page301" id="page301"></a>{301}</span> +<i>ingenious</i> poem, called 'Reflections in a Country +Church-yard,' has been communicated to them, which they are +printing forthwith; that they are informed that the +<i>excellent</i> author of it is I by name, and that they beg not +only his <i>indulgence</i>, but the <i>honour</i> of his +correspondence, &c.... I therefore am obliged to desire you +would make Dodsley print it immediately <i>from your copy</i>, but +without my name, &c. He must correct the press himself ... and +the title must be 'Elegy written in a Country Church-yard.' If he +would add a line or two to say it came into his hand by accident, I +should like it better ... If Dodsley do not do this immediately, he +may as well let it alone."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Dr. Johnson (<i>Life of Gray</i>) says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"His next production, 1750, was his far-famed <i>Elegy</i>," +&c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The Doctor adds:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Several of his [Gray's] pieces were published, 1753, with +designs by Mr. Bentley, and that they might in some form or other +make a book, only one side of each leaf was printed. I believe the +poems and the plates recommended each other so well, that the whole +impression was soon bought."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>It contains <i>six</i> poems, one being the <i>Elegy</i>. I have +before me a copy of this collection, which is folio. The plates are +clever, and very curious; a copy was sold at the Fonthill sale for +3<i>l.</i> 4<i>s.</i>! The copy, admirably bound, which I quote, +was bought at a bookseller's front-window stall for 4<i>s.</i> The +title of this collection is "<i>Designs by Mr.</i> R. BENTLEY, +<i>for six poems by Mr.</i> J. GRAY."</p> +<p>According to the title-page, it was "printed for R. DODSLEY, in +Pall Mall, MDCCLIII.," two years previously to the date to which +your correspondent refers. This (1753) collection gives the +line,—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Save where the beetle wheels his <i>droning</i> flight."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>In the <i>Elegant Extracts</i> (verse), ed. 1805, which, it must +be needless to mention, was prepared by the able and indefatigable +Dr. Vicesimus Knox, the accomplished scholar gives the +line—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Save where the beetle wheels his <i>drony</i> flight."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Dr. Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i> does not insert the word +"droning" or "drony;" but among his Illustrations attached to the +verb "to drone," there are two from Dryden, each, it may be seen, +using the word "droning." There is no quotation containing the word +"drony." Gray's language is:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Save where the beetle wheels his <i>droning</i> flight,</p> +<p>And drowsy <i>tinklings</i> lull the distant folds."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Johnson's second quotation from Dryden may be worth repeating, +as showing that Gray's language is not wholly different from his +predecessor's:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i8">"Melfoil and honeysuckles pound,</p> +<p>With these alluring savours strew the ground,</p> +<p>And mix with <i>tinkling</i> brass the cymbal's <i>droning</i> +sound."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>It is perhaps hardly worth noticing, that there is not +uniformity even in the title. Johnson calls it, <i>Elegy in the +Church-yard</i>; Dodsley (1753) styles it, <i>Elegy written in a +Country Church-yard</i>.</p> +<p class="author">A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD.</p> +<p><i>Gray's Elegy</i> (Vol. ii., p. 264.).—The HERMIT OF +HOLYPORT is referred to the 4to. edit. of the <i>Works of Gray</i>, +by Thos. Jas. Mathias, in which, vol. i. at the end of the Elegy, +in print, he will find "From the original in the handwriting of +Thos. Gray:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"'Save where the beetle wheels his <i>droning</i> flight.'"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>From the autograph the Elegy appears to have been written in +1750; and the margin states, published in Feb. 1751, by Dodsley, +and went through four editions in two months; and afterwards a +fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth, ninth and tenth, and eleventh; +printed also in 1753, with Mr. Bentley's designs, of which there is +a second edition; and again by Dodsley in his <i>Miscellany</i>, +vol. iv.; and in a Scotch collection, called the <i>Union</i>. +Translated into Latin by Chr. Anstey, Esq., and the Rev. Mr. +Roberts, and published in 1762; and again in the same year by Rob. +Lloyd, M.A. The original MS. of the above will be found among the +MSS. of Thos. Gray, in the possession of the Masters and Fellows of +Pembroke House, Cambridge.</p> +<p class="author">W.S.</p> +<p>Richmond, Sept 21. 1850</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BISHOPS AND THEIR PRECEDENCE.</h3> +<h4>(Vol. ii., p. 254.)</h4> +<p>Arun is not right, in reference to this Query, in saying that +the precedence of bishops over the temporal barons is regulated by +the statute of 31 Hen. VIII. The precedence of bishops over the +temporal lords is not regulated by the Act of 31 Hen. VIII. for +placing the lords. They may have originally been summoned to sit in +parliament in right of their succession to certain baronial lands +annexed to, or supposed to be annexed to their episcopal sees; but +as some of the temporal peers were also summoned in right of lands +held of the king <i>per baroniam</i>, that is not a satisfactory +reason why they should take precedence of temporal barons.</p> +<p>The precedency must have been regulated by some other laws, +rules, or usage than are presented by the Act of 31 Hen. VIII. The +Archbishop of Canterbury precedes the Lord Chancellor; the +Archbishop of York the Lord President of the Council and the Lord +Privy Seal; and all bishops precede barons. This precedency, +however, is not given by the <i>statute</i>. The Act provides only, +in reference to the spiritual peers, that the Vicegerent for good +and due ministration of justice, to be had in all causes and cases +touching the ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and for the godly +reformation and redress of all errors, heresies, and abuses in the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page302" id= +"page302"></a>{302}</span> Church (and all other persons having +grant of the said office), shall sit and be placed in all +parliaments on the <i>right side</i> of the parliament chamber, and +upon the same form that the Archbishop of Canterbury sitteth on, +and above the same archbishop and his successors; and next to the +said Vicegerent shall sit the Archbishop of Canterbury; and then, +next to him, on the same form and side, shall sit the Archbishop of +York; and next to him, on the same form and side, the Bishop of +London; and next to him, on the same side and form, the Bishop of +Durham; and next to him, on the same side and form, the Bishop of +Winchester; and then all the other bishops of both provinces of +Canterbury and York shall sit and be placed on the same side, after +their ancienties, as it hath been accustomed.</p> +<p>There is nothing here to show in what order they are to rank +among the great officers, or other temporal peers; nor is the +precedency given to the Lord Chancellor over the Archbishop of +York.</p> +<p>By the Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland, the +archbishops of that kingdom have rank immediately after the +Archbishop of York, and therefore before the great officers +(excepting only the Lord Chancellor), as well as above dukes; and +the Irish bishops immediately after those of England.</p> +<p>It may be rightly stated that the high spiritual rank of the +bishops is a reason for giving them precedence over the temporal +lords sitting as barons; but has that <i>reason</i> been assigned +by any writer of authority, or even any writer upon +precedence?—the Query suggested by E. (Vol. ii., p. 9.) Lord +Coke does not assign that reason, but says, because they hold their +bishopricks of the king <i>per baroniam</i>. But the holding <i>per +baroniam</i>, as before observed, would equally apply to the +temporal lords holding lands by similar tenures, and sitting by +writ, and receiving summons in ancient times in virtue of such +their tenure.</p> +<p>The precedence of bishops over barons was clearly +<i>disputed</i> in the reign of King Henry VI., when Baker says in +his <i>Chronicle</i> (p. 204.), <i>judgment</i> was given for the +<i>lords temporal</i>; but where the judgment, or any account of +the dispute for precedence, is to be found I cannot say. That is +what your correspondent G. inquired for (Vol. ii., p. 76.).</p> +<p class="author">C.G.</p> +<p>Your correspondent ARUN (Vol. ii., p. 254.) states, on the +authority of Stephen's <i>Blackstone</i>, that—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Bishops are temporal barons, and sit in the House of Peers in +right of succession to certain ancient baronies annexed or supposed +to be annexed to their episcopal lands."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This position, though supported by Lord Coke in more places than +one (see <i>Coke upon Littleton</i>, 134. <i>a, b</i>; 3 +<i>Inst.</i> 30.; 4 <i>Inst.</i> 44.), and adopted by most other +legal text-writers on his authority, cannot, it is conceived, be +supported. It seems to be clearly ascertained that bishops sat in +the great councils of this and other kingdoms not <i>ratione +baroniarum</i> but <i>jure ecclesiarum</i>, by custom, long before +the tenure <i>per baroniam</i> was known. In the preambles to the +laws of Ina (Wilkins' <i>Leges Ang.-Sax.</i> f. 14.), of Athelstan +(<i>ib.</i> 54.), of Edmund (<i>ib.</i> 72.), the bishops are +mentioned along with others of the great council, whilst the tenure +<i>per baroniam</i> was not known until after the Conquest. The +truth seems to be that</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The bishops of the Conqueror's age were entitled to sit in his +councils by the general custom of Europe and by the common law of +England, which the conquest did not overturn."—Hallam's +<i>Mid. Ag.</i> 137-8, 9th ed.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Can any of your readers throw any light on the much disputed +tenure <i>per baroniam</i>? What was its essential character, what +its incidents, and in what way did it differ from the ordinary +tenure <i>in capite</i>?</p> +<p class="author">BARO.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of his Time</i> (Vol. +ii., pp. 9. 92.).—This subject receives interesting +illustration in the <i>Memoirs of Gervas Holles</i>, who at some +length describes the seduction of the Lady Sheffield, by Leicester, +at Belvoir Castle, while attending the Queen on her Progress. A +letter from the Earl to the lady of his love, contained the +suspicious intimation—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"<i>That he had not been unmindful in removing that obstacle</i> +which hindered the full fruition of their contentments; that he had +endeavoured one expedient already which had failed, but he would +lay another which he doubted not would hit more sure."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This letter the Lady Sheffield accidentally dropped from her +pocket; and being picked up and given to the Lord Sheffield by his +sister Holles, he read it with anger and amazement. That night he +parted beds, and the next day houses; meditating in what manner he +might take honourable and just revenge. Having resolved, he posted +up to London to effect it; but the discovery had preceded him to +the knowledge of Leicester, who finding a necessity to be quick, +bribed an Italian physician ("whose name," says Holles, "I have +forgotten") in whom Lord Sheffield had great confidence, to poison +him, which was immediately effected after his arrival in London. +Leicester, after cohabiting with the Lady Sheffield for some time, +married the widow of the Earl of Essex, who, it is thought, says +Holles, "<i>served him in his own kind, every way</i>."</p> +<p>In the suit afterwards instituted by Sir Robert Dudley, with the +view of establishing his legitimacy, the Lady Sheffield was +examined, and swore <span class="pagenum"><a name="page303" id= +"page303"></a>{303}</span> to a private marriage with the Earl of +Leicester, but that she had been prevailed on, by threats and +pecuniary largesses, to deny the marriage, as Queen Elizabeth was +desirous that Lord Leicester should marry the widow of the Earl of +Essex.</p> +<p>One curious circumstance arises out of the revival of these dark +doings. Are the particular drugs employed by Leicester's Italian +physician "in removing obstacles" now known and in operation? By a +remarkable coincidence, in a case of supposed poisoning at +Cheltenham, some time since, the intended victim escaped with the +loss of his hair and his nails.</p> +<p class="author">H.K.S.C.</p> +<p><i>What is the correct Prefix of Mayors?</i> (Vol. i., p. +380.)—In Leicester the usage has always been to designate the +chief magistrate "The worshipful the Mayor," which, I believe, is +the style used in <i>boroughs</i>. In <i>cities</i>, and places +<i>specially privileged</i>, "Right worshipful" are the terms +employed.</p> +<p class="author">JAYTEE.</p> +<p><i>Marks of Cadency</i> (Vol. ii., p. 248.).—The label of +the Prince of Wales has, from the time of Edward III. up to the +present time, been of three points argent, and <i>not</i> +charged.</p> +<p class="author">F.E.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MISCELLANEOUS.</h2> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> +<p>Although we do not usually record in our columns the losses +which literature sustains from time to time, we cannot permit the +death of Thomas Amyot, the learned Director of the Camden Society, +and for so many years the Treasurer of the Society of Antiquaries, +to pass without rendering our grateful tribute to the memory of one +of the most intelligent and kindest-hearted men that ever breathed; +from whom we, in common with so many others, when entering on our +literary career, received the most friendly assistance, and the +most encouraging sympathy.</p> +<p>Every fifty years commences a discussion of the great question +when the current century, or half century, properly begins. We have +just seen this in the numerous Queries, Answers, Replies, and +Rejoinders upon the subject which have appeared in the columns of +the daily and weekly press; the only regular treatise being the +essay upon <i>Ancient and Modern Usage in Reckoning</i>, by +professor De Morgan, in the <i>Companion to the Almanack</i> for +the present year. This Essay is opposed to the idea of a "zero +year," and one of the advocates of that system of computation has, +therefore, undertaken a defence of the zero principle, which he +pronounces, "when properly understood, is undoubtedly the most +correct basis of reckoning," in a small volume entitled, <i>An +Examination of the Century Question</i>, and in which he maintains +the point for which he is contending with considerable learning and +ingenuity. All who are interested in the question at issue, will be +at once amused and instructed by it.</p> +<p>Mr. Charles Knight announces a new edition of his <i>Pictorial +Shakespeare</i> under the title of the National Edition; to contain +the whole of the Notes, Illustrations, &c., thoroughly revised; +and which, while it will be printed in a clear and beautiful type +across the page, and not in double columns, will have the advantage +of being much cheaper than the edition which he originally put +forth.</p> +<p><i>The Declaration of the Fathers of the Councell of Trent +concerning the going into Churches at such Times as Hereticall +Service is said or Heresy preached, &c.</i>, is a reprint of a +very rare tract, which possesses some present interest, as it bears +upon the statement which has been of late years much insisted on by +Mr. Perceval and other Anglican controversialists, that for the +first twelve years of Elizabeth's reign, and until Pius V.'s +celebrated Bull, <i>Regnans in Excelsis</i>, the Roman Catholics of +England were in the habit of frequenting the Reformed worship.</p> +<p>We have received the following Catalogues:—W.S. Lincoln's +(Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Sixty-first Catalogue of +English and Foreign Second-hand Books; W.D. Reeve's (98. Chancery +Lane) Catalogue No. 13. of Cheap Books, many Rare and Curious; R. +Kimpton's (31. Wardour Street, Soho) Catalogue No. 29. of +Second-hand Books in good Condition at very reduced Prices.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> +<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h4> +<p>CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY POLL-BOOKS FOR 1780, 1784, 1790, and +1829.</p> +<p>OXFORD UNIVERSITY POLL-BOOKS for 1750, 1768, 1806.</p> +<p>BEN JONSON by CLIFFORD. 8vo. Vols. II., III., and IV.</p> +<p>Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," +186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> +<p>VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, <i>with Title-page and +very copious Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, +and may be had, by order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen.</i></p> +<p><i>We are unavoidably compelled to postpone numerous NOTES, +QUERIES, AND REPLIES: indeed we see no way of clearing off our +accumulation of REPLIES without the publication of an extra Number, +to be devoted exclusively to the numerous Answers which we now have +waiting for insertion.</i></p> +<p>GUTCH'S Literary and Scientific Regsiter and Almanack, +<i>advertised in our last No., is for</i> 1851 <i>not</i> 1850.</p> +<p>Mr. G.B. RICHARDSON <i>would oblige us by forwarding the +additional verses of</i> "Long Lonkin" <i>for our correspondent</i> +SELEUCUS.</p> +<p>A CONSTANT SUBSCRIBER <i>will find the line</i>,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Music hath charms to soothe the savage breast,"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p><i>in Congreve's</i> Mourning Bride.</p> +<p>JANUS DOUSA. <i>In our next No.</i></p> +<p>MEDICUS, <i>who inquires respecting the origin of the proverbial +saying, "Quem Deus vult perdere," is referred to our First +Volume</i>, pp. 347. 351. 421. and 476. <i>The original line reads +"Quem Jupiter vult," and is Barnes' translation of a fragment +of</i> Euripides. <span class="pagenum"><a name="page304" id= +"page304"></a>{304}</span></p> +<hr class="adverts" /> +<p>THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXIV., is published THIS DAY.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>CONTENTS:<br /> +I. TICKNOR'S HISTORY OF SPANISH LITERATURE.<br /> +II. CHURCH AND EDUCATION IN WALES.<br /> +III. FORMS OF SALUTATION.<br /> +IV. SIBERIA AND CALIFORNIA.<br /> +V. MURE ON THE LITERATURE OF GREECE.<br /> +VI. METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY.<br /> +VII. ANECDOTES OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT.<br /> +VIII. COCHRANES'S YOUNG ITALY.<br /> +IX. LAST DAY OF LOUIS-PHILIPPE.</p> +<p>JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<p>Will be published on the 1st of November, 1850, with the other +Almanacks,</p> +<p>THE LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC REGISTER AND ALMANACK for 1851. +Price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>Dedicated by especial permission to H.R.H. Prince Albert, by +J.W.G. GUTCH, M.R.C.S.L., F.L.S.;</p> +<p>Containing a condensed mass of scientific and useful information +alike valuable to the student and man of science.</p> +<p>Tenth Yearly issue.</p> +<p>Published by D. BOGUE, Fleet Street, London</p> +<hr /> +<p>Shortly will be Published.</p> +<p>THE ARCHITECTURAL QUARTERLY REVIEW. A Literary Periodical +devoted to Works appertaining to the Art and Science of +Architecture. Prospectuses may be obtained from the Publisher. +Letters for the Editor, and books, drawings, models, and specimens, +to be addressed to the care of the Publisher.</p> +<p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Royal 4to., cloth, price 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p> +<p>EXAMPLES OF ANCIENT PULPITS EXISTING IN ENGLAND. Selected and +drawn from Sketches and Measurements taken on the Spot, with +Descriptive Letterpress. By FRANCIS T. DOLLMAN, Architect.</p> +<p>This Work contains thirty quarto Plates, three of which are +highly finished in Colours, restored accurately from the existing +indications. The Pulpits delineated are St. Westburga, Chester: SS. +Peter and Paul, Shrewsbury; St. Michael, Coventry; St. Mary, +Wendon; St. Mary and All Saints, Fotheringay; All Saints, North +Cerney; Holy Trinity, Nallsea; St. Peter Winchcombe; St. John +Baptist, Cirencester; St. Mary, Totness; St. Mary, Frampton. Holy +Trinity, Old Aston; St. Benedict, Glastonbury; St. Peter, +Wolverhampton: St. Andrew, Cheddar (coloured); St. Andrew, Banwell; +St. George, Brakworth; Holy Trinity, Long Sutton (coloured); St. +Saviour, Dartmouth (coloured); All Saints, Sudbury; All Saints, +Hawstead; St. Mary de Lode, Gloucester; St. Mary, North +Petherton.</p> +<p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>To be completed in Four Parts, Parts I. and II., price +5<i>s.</i> each plain; 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> coloured.</p> +<p>ANTIQUARIAN GLEANINGS IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND: being Examples of +Antique Furniture, Plate, Church Decoration, Objects of Historical +Interest, &c. Drawn and etched by W.B. SCOTT.</p> +<p>"A collection of antiquarian relics, chiefly in the decorative +branch of art, preserved in the northern counties, portrayed by a +very competent hand ... All are drawn with that distinctness which +makes them available for the antiquarian, for the artist who is +studying costume, and for the study of decorative +art."—<i>Spectator.</i></p> +<p>Parts III. and IV., completing the Work, are in preparation, and +will be published shortly.</p> +<p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<blockquote> +<p>THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, No CLXXXVIII., will be publishd on +THURSDAY, October 10th, 1850.</p> +<p class="i2">I. HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.<br /> +II. THE UNITED STATES.<br /> +III. BRITISH MUSEUM: CATALOGUE OF PRINTED BOOKS.<br /> +IV. MURE'S CRITICAL HISTORY OF THE LANGUAGE<br /> +AND LITERATURE OF ANTIENT GREECE.<br /> +V. COL. CHESNEY'S EXPEDITION TO THE EUPHRATES AND TIGRIS.<br /> +VI. RECENT CLASSICAL ROMANCES.<br /> +VIII. DIFFICULTIES OF REPLUBLICAN FRANCE.<br /> +IX. HORACE AND TASSO.</p> +<p>London: LONGMAN AND CO. Edinburgh: A. and C. BLACK.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<p>MR. L.A. LEWIS'S SALES for OCTOBER, 1850, FRIDAY 11TH., and +SATURDAY 12th. Valuable Books, Architechural Books, Books of +Prints, &c., from the West of England, including Stuart and +Revett's Antiquities of Athens, 4 vols.; unedited Antiuities of +Attica; Piranesi Campus Martius Antiqua Orbis; Houghton Gallery, 2 +vols; Bowyer's Hume's England; Rogers' Collection of Prints, 2 +vols.; Knorr, Deliciæ Naturæ Selectæ, 2 vols.; +Tableaux Historiques de la Révolution Française, 2 +vols.; Stow's London, by Strype, 2 vols.; Domesday Book, 2 vols.; +Edmondson's Heraldry, 2 vols.; Illustrated London News, 11 vols.; +Encyclopædia Metropolitana, 29 vols.; Neale's Gentlemen's +Seats, 6 vols.; Loddiges' Botanical Cabinet, 10 vols., large paper; +Maund's Botanic Garden, 9 vols.; Sweet's Geraniums, 5 vols.; +Beauties of England and Wales, 32 vols.; Hogarth's Works, 3 vols., +red morocco; Knight's London, 6 vols.; Retrospective Review, 14 +vols.; Bayle, Dictionnaire Historique, 16 vols.; Lodge's +Illustrious Portraits, 10 vols.; Knight's Pictorial Bible, 3 vols.; +Clarke's Commentary on the Bible, 6 vols.; a few Pictures and +Prints, &c.</p> +<p>FRIDAY, 18TH, AND SATURDAY, 19TH.—Books, including the +stock of the late Mr. C. Whiten.</p> +<p>FRIDAY, 25TH,—Pictures, Prints, Books, Stereotype Plates, +Copyrights, Books in Quires, &c.</p> +<p>Mr. C.A. Lewis will have Sales on each Friday in November and +December.</p> +<p>125. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Just published, Part 9, price 9<i>s.</i>, plain; Tinted, small +paper, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; Proof, large paper, 12<i>s.</i></p> +<p>THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE AGES: or, Select Specimens of Early +and Middle Pointed Structures; with a few of the pures; Late +Pointed Examples, Illustrated by Geometric and Perspective +Drawings. By HENRY BOWMAN and J.S. CROWTHER, Architects. Containing +Illustrations of St. Peter's Church, Thrukingham, Norfolk; St. +John's, Cley, Norfolk; and St. Andrew's, Heckington, +Lincolnshire.</p> +<p>To be completed in Twenty Parts, each containing Six Plates, +Imperial folio. Issued at intervals of two months.</p> +<p>"Ewerby is a magnficent specimen of a Flowing Middle-Pointed +Church. it is most perfectly measured and described: one can follow +the most rcondite beauties of the construction, mouldings and +joints, in these Plates, almost as well as in the original +structure. Such a monograph as this will be of incalculable value +to the architects of our Colonies or the United States, who have no +means of access to ancient churches. The Plates are on stone, done +with remarkable skill and distinctness. Of Heckington we can only +say that the perspective view from the south-east presents a very +vision of beauty; we can hardle conceive anything more perfect. We +heartlily recommend this series to all who are able to patronize +it."—<i>Ecclesiologist</i>, Oct. 1849.</p> +<p>"This, if completed in a similar manner to the Parts now out, +will be a beautiful and valuable work. The perspective of St. +Andrew's, Heckington, is a charming specimen of lithography, by +Hawkins. We unhesitatingly recommend Messrs. Bowman and Crowther's +work to our readers, as likely to be useful to +them."—<i>Builder</i>.</p> +<p>London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at +No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of +London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in +the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, +Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, +October 5. 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 49, +Saturday, Oct. 5, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 13480-h.htm or 13480-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/4/8/13480/ + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, David +King, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 49, Saturday, Oct. 5, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September 16, 2004 [EBook #13480] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, David +King, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 49.] SATURDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * {289} + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:--Page + Stray Notes on Cunningham's London. 289 + Satirical Song upon Villiers Duke of Buckingham, by Dr. Rimbault. 291 + Baker's Notes on Author of "Whole Duty of Man," by Rev. J.E.B. Mayor. 292 + Mistake about George Wither, by Dr. Rimbault. 293 + Useful _v._ Useless Learning. 293 + Minor Notes:--Numerals--Junius and Sir P. Francis--Jews under the + Commonwealth--"Is any thing but," &c.--Fastitocalon. 294 + +QUERIES:-- + Bishop Cosin's Conference. 295 + Engleman's "Bibliotheca Scriptorum Classicorum," by Professor De + Morgan. 296 + Minor Queries:--Portrait of Sir P. Sidney--Confession--Scotch + Prisoners at Worcester--Adamson's Edward II.--Sir Thomas + Moore--Dr. E. Cleaver--Gwyan's London--Coronet--Cinderella--Judas' + Bell--Dozen of Bread--Kings Skuggsia--Coins of + Gandophares--Satirical Medals. 296 + +REPLIES:-- + Gaudentio di Lucca. 298 + On a Passage in the Tempest, by J. Payne Collier. 299 + Gray's Elegy. 300 + Bishops and their Precedence. 301 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of + his Time--What is the correct Prefix of Mayors--Marks of Cadency. 302 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 303 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 303 + Notices to Correspondents. 303 + Advertisments. 304 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +STRAY NOTES ON CUNNINGHAM'S LONDON. + +The following notes are so trivial, that I should have scrupled to send +them on any other ground than that so well-conceived and +labouriously-executed a work should have its most minute and unimportant +details as correct as possible. This, in such a work, can only be +effected by each reader pointing out the circumstances that he has +reason to believe are not quite correctly or completely given in it. + +Page 24. _Astronomical Society._--The library has been recently +augmented by the incorporation with it of the books and documents (as +well as the members) of the _Mathematical Society of London_ +(Spitalfields). It contains the most complete collection of the English +mathematical works of the last century known to exist. A friend, who has +examined them with some care, specifies particularly some of the tracts +published in the controversy raised by Bishop Berkeley respecting "the +ghosts of departed quantities," of which he did before know the +existence. + +The instruments to which Mr. Cunningham refers as bequeathed to the +Society, are not used there, nor yet allowed to lie unused. They are +placed in the care of active practical observers, according as the +special character of the instruments and the special subjects to which +each observer more immediately devotes his attention, shall render the +assignment of the instrument expedient. The instruments, however, still +remain the property of the Society. + +P. 37. _Bath House._--Date omitted. + +P. 143.--Evan's Hotel, Covent Garden, is described as having been once +the residence of "James West, the great collector of books, &c., and +_President of the Royal Society_." There has certainly never been a +President, or even a Secretary, of that name. However, it is just +possible that there might have been a Vice-president so named (as these +are chosen by the President from the members of the council, and the +council has not always been composed of men of science): but even this +is somewhat doubtful. + +P. 143. _Covent Garden Theatre._--No future account of this theatre will +be complete without the facts connected with the ill-starred Delafield; +just as, into the Olympic, the history of the defaulter Watts, of the +Globe Assurance Office, must also enter. + +P. 143. near top of col. 2. "Heigho! says Kemble."--Before this period, +a variation of the _rigmarole_ upon which this is founded had become +poplular, from the humour of Liston's singing at Sadler's Wells. I have +a copy of the music and the words; altogether identical with those in +the music. Of these, with other matters connected with the {290} amorous +frog, I shall have something more to say hereafter. This notice is to be +considered incidental, rather than as referring expressly to Mr. +Cunningham's valuable book. + +P. 153. _Deans Yard, Westminster._--Several of the annual budgets of +abuse, obscenity, and impudent imposture, bearing on their title-pages +various names, but written by "John Gadbury, Student in Physic and +Astrology," were dated from "my house, Brick Court, Dean's Yard, +Westminster;" or this slightly varied, occasionally being, "Brick Court, +_near_ the Dean's Yard," &c. I have not seen a complete series of +Gadbury's _Almanacks_, but those I refer to range from 1688 to 1694 +(incomplete). His burial in St. Margaret's, Westminster, in 1704, is +noticed by Mr. Cunningham, at p. 313. As brick was then only used in the +more costly class of domestic buildings, this would seem to indicate +that _prophecy_ was then a lucrative trade; and that the successor and +pupil of the "arch-rogue, William Lilly" was quite as fortunate in his +speculations as his master had been. It is a truth as old as society +itself, that "knaves grow rich while honest men starve." Whilst Gadbury +was "wallowing in plenty," the author of _Hudibras_ was perishing for +want of a crust! + +P. 153. _Denzil Street._--Here, about the middle of the street, on the +south side, lived Theophilus Holdred, a jobbing watchmaker, whose name +will always hold a place in one department of mathematical history. He +discovered a method of approximating to the roots of numerical +equations, of considerable ingenuity. He, however, lost in his day and +generation the reputation that was really due to him for it, by his +laying claim to more than he had effected, and seeking to deprive other +and more gifted men of the reputation due to a more perfect solution of +the same problem. He was, indeed, brought before the public as the tool +of a faction; and, as the tools of faction generally are, he was +sacrificed by his own supporters when he was no longer of any use to +them. + +I once called upon him, in company with Professor Leyburn, of the Royal +Military College, but I forget whether in 1829 or 1830. We found him at +his bench--a plain, elderly, and heavy-looking personage. He seemed to +have become "shy" of our class, and some time and some address were +requisite to get him to speak with any freedom: but ultimately we placed +him at his ease, and he spoke freely. We left him with the conviction +that he was the _bona fide_ discoverer of his own method; and that he +had no distinct conception, even then, of the principle of the methods +which he had been led by his friends to claim, of having _also_ +discovered _Horner's_ process before Horner himself had published it. He +did not (ten years after the publication of Horner's method) even then +understand it. He understood his own perfectly, and I have not the +slightest doubt of the correctness of his own statement, of its having +been discovered by him fifty years before. + +P. 166. _Dulwich Gallery._--This is amongst the unfortunate consequences +of taking lists upon trust. Poor Tom Hurst[1] has not been in the +churchyard these last eight years--except the three last in his grave. +The last five years of his life were spent in a comfortable asylum, as +"a poor brother of the Charterhouse." He was one of the victims of the +"panic of 1825;" and though the spirit of speculation never left him, he +always failed to recover his position. He is referred to here, however, +to call Mr. Cunningham's attention to the necessity, in a _Hand-book_ +especially, of referring his readers correctly to the places at which +_tickets_ are to be obtained for any purpose whatever. It discourages +the visitor to London when he is thus "sent upon a fool's errand;" and +the Cockney himself is not in quite so good a humour with the author for +being sent a few steps out of his way. + +P. 190. _Rogers_--a Cockney by inference. I {291} should like to see +this more decidedly established. I am aware that it is distinctly so +stated by Chambers and by Wilkinson; but a remark once made to me by +Mrs. Glendinning (the wife of Glendinning, the printer, of Hatton +Garden) still leads me to press the inquiry. + +P. 191.--_The Free Trade Club_ was dissolved before the publication of +this edition of the _Handbook_. + +P. 192.--And to Sir John Herschel, on his return from the Cape of Good +Hope. + +P. 210. _Royal Society._--From a letter of Dr. Charles Hutton, in the +_Newcastle Magazine_ (vol. i. 2nd series), it appears that at the time +of Dr. Dodd's execution the Fellows were in the habit of adjourning, +after the meetings, to Slaughter's Coffee House, "to eat oysters," &c. +The celebrated John Hunter, who had attempted to resuscitate the +ill-fated Doctor, was one of them. "The Royal Society Club" was +instituted by Sir Joseph Banks. + +P. 221. _Hanover Square._--Blank date. + +P. 337. _Millbank Prison._--It was designed, not by "Jeremy Bentham," +but by his brother, the great mechanist, Sir Samuel Bentham. In passing, +it may be remarked that the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, is +constructed on the same principle, and, as was stated in the _Mechanics' +Magazine_, on authority, a year or two ago, by the same engineer. +General rumour has, however, attributed the design to his gracious +Majesty George III; and its being so closely in keeping with the known +spirit of _espionage_ of that monarch certainly gave countenance to the +rumour. It may be as well to state, however, that, so designed and so +built, it has never yet been so used. + +P. 428.--_Benbow_, not a native of Wapping, but of Shrewsbury. A life of +him was published nearly forty years ago, by that veteran of local and +county history, Mr. Charles Hulbert, in the _Salopian Magazine_. + +P. 499. _Whitfield._--Certainly not the founder of the Methodists, in +the ordinary or recognised acceptation of the term. John Wesley was at +the head of that movement from the very first, and George Whitfield and +Charles Wesley were altogether subordinate to him. Wesley and Whitfield +parted company on the ground of Arminianism _versus_ Calvinism. For a +while the two sects kept the titles of "Arminian Methodists" and +"Calvinistic Methodists." The latter made but little ground afterwards, +and the distinctive adjective was dropped by the Wesleyans when the +Whitfieldites had ceased to be a prominent body. + +P. 515. _Doctor Dodd._--The great interest excited in favour of a +commutation of his sentence, led to the belief at the time, that his +life had not been really sacrificed. Many plausible stories respecting +the Doctor having been subsequently seen alive, were current; and as +they may possibly in some future age be revived, and again pass into +general currency, it may be as well to state that the most positive +evidence to the contrary exists, in a letter of Dr. Hutton's before +referred to. The _attempt to resuscitate him was actually made_, by a no +less distinguished surgeon than John Hunter. He seemed then to attribute +the failure to his having _received the body too late_. Wonderful +effects were at that time expected to result from the discovery of +galvanism; but it would have been wonderful indeed if any restoration +had taken place after more than two hours of suspended animation. John +Hunter, according to the account, does not seem to have been very +communicative on the subject, even to his philosophical friends at +Slaughter's Oyster Rooms. + +T.S.D. + +Shooter's Hill. + +[Footnote 1: It may not be out of place here to mention one fine feature +in the character of "Tom Hurst;" his deep reverence for men of ability, +whether in literature, science, or art. Take one instance: + + +Fourteen or fifteen years ago, I called one morning at his place of +business (then 65. St. Paul's Church Yard, which has been subsequently +absorbed into the "Religious Tract Depository"); and, as was my custom, +I walked through the shop to his private room. He was "not in;" but a +gentleman, who first looked at me and then at a portrait of me on the +wall, accosted me by my surname as familiarly as an intimate +acquaintance of twenty years would have done. He and Hurst, it appeared, +had been speaking of me, suggested by the picture, before Hurst went +out. The familiar stranger did not keep me long in suspense--he +intimated that I had "probably heard our friend speak of Ben Haydon." Of +course I had; and we soon got into an easy chat. Hurst was naturally a +common subject with us. Amongst the remarks he made were the following, +and in almost the words:-- + +"When my troubles came on, I owed Hurst a large sum of money; and the +circumstances under which I became his debtor rendered this peculiarly a +debt of honour. He lent it me when he could ill spare it; yet he is the +only one of all my creditors who has not in one way or other persecuted +me to the present hour. When he first knew of my wreck, he called upon +me--_not to reproach but to encourage me_--and he would not leave me +till he felt sure that he had changed the moody current of my thoughts. +If there be any change in him since then, it is in his increased +kindness of manner and his assiduity to serve me. He is now gone out to +try to sell 'a bit of daub' for me." + +Hurst came in, and this conversation dropped; but it had been well had +Hurst been by his side on the day his last picture was opened to view at +the Egyptian Hall. The catastrophe of that night might have been +averted, notwithstanding Mr. Barnum and his Tom Thumb show in the +adjoining room.] + + * * * * * + +SATIRICAL SONG UPON GEORGE VILLIERS, DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM. + +In turning over some old bundles of papers of the early part of the +seventeenth century, I met with the following satirical effusion upon +"James's infamous prime minister," George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham. +As an echo of the popular feelings of the people at the time it was +written, it merits preservation; and although I have seen other +manuscript copies of the ballad, it has never yet, as far as I can +learn, appeared in print. + +It appears to be a parody or paraphrase of a well-known ballad of the +period, the burden of which attracted the notice of the satirist. It +afterwards became a common vehicle of derision during the civil war, as +may be seen by turning over the pages of the collection entitled _Rump +Songs_, and the folio volumes of the king's pamphlets. + +The _original_ of these parodies has hitherto eluded my researches. It +is not among the Pepysian, Roxburghe, Wood, or Douce ballads, but +perhaps some of your readers may be able to point it out in some public +or private collection. + + "Come heare, Lady Muses, and help mee to sing, + Come love mee where I lay; + Of a duke that deserves to be made a king-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "Our Buckingham Duke is the man that I meane, + Come love mee where I lay; + On his shoulders the weale of the kingdome doth leane-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "O happiest kingdome that ever was kind, + Come love mee where I lay; + And happie the king that hath such a friend-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. {292} + + "Needs must I extoll his worth and his blood-- + Come love mee where I lay; + And his sweet disposition soe milde and soe good-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "Those innocent smiles that embelish his face, + Come love mee where I lay; + Who sees them not tokens of goodness and grace-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "And what other scholler could ever arise, + Come love mee where I lay; + From a master that was soe sincere and wise-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "Who is hee could now from his grave but ascend, + Come love mee where I lay; + Would surely the truth of his service commend-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "The king understands how he honors his place, + Come love me where I lay; + Which is to his majestie noe little grace-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "And therefore the government justly hath hee, + Come love mee where I lay; + Of horse for the land, and shipps for the sea-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "What, though our fleet be our enemies debtor, + Come love mee where I lay; + Wee brav'd them once, and wee'l brave them better-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "And should they land heere they should bee disjointed, + Come love mee where I lay; + And find both our horse and men bravely appointed-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "Then let us sing all of this nobel duke's praise, + Come love mee where I lay; + And pray for the length of his life and his daies-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way. + + "And when that death shall close up his eyes, + Come love mee where I lay; + God take him up into the skies-- + The cleane contrary way, + O the cleane contrary way." + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +"WHOLE DUTY OF MAN," AUTHOR OF. + +(From Baker's MSS, vol. xxxv. p. 469-470. Cambridge University Library.) + + "Octo'r 31. 1698. Mr. Thomas Caulton, Vicar of Worksop, &c. [as + in the note p. xiii. to the editor's Preface, ed. 1842, with + unimportant variations, such as _Madam Frances Heathcote_, where + the printed copy has _Mrs. Heathcote_; Baker reads _Madam Ayre + of Rampton after dinner took_, where the printed copy has, _Mrs. + Eyre_. After _was dead_, follows in Baker,] and that in that + Month she had buried her Husband and severall Relations, but + that her comfort was, that by her Monthly Sacraments she + participated still with them in the Communion of Saints. + + "Then she went to her Closet, and fetched out a Manuscript, w'ch + she said was the original of the _Whole Duty of Man_, tied + together and stitched, in 8'vo, like Sermon notes. She untied + it, saying, it was Dr. Fell's Correction and that the Author was + the Lady Packington (her Mother), in whose hand it was written. + + "To prove this, the s'd Mr. Caulton further added that she said, + she had shewn it to Dr. Covell, Master of Christ's College[2] in + Cambridge, Dr. Stamford, Preb. of York, and Mr. Banks the + present Incumbent of the Great Church in Hull. She added, + withall, that _The Decay of Christian Piety_ was hers (The Lady + Packington's) also, but disowned any of the rest to be her + Mother's. + + "This is a true Copy of what I wrote, from Mr. Caulton's Mouth, + two days before his Decease. + + "Witness my hand, + + "Nov. 15. 98. + + "JOHN HEWYT." + + "Bp. Fell tells us, that all these Tracts were written by the + excellent Author (whom he makes to be one and the same person) + at severall times, as y'e exigence of the Church, and the + benefit of soules directed y'r composures; and that he (the + Author) did likewise publish them apart, in the same order as + they were made. The last, it seems (w'ch is _The Lively + Oracles_), came out in 1678, the very year Dr. Woodhead died. + Had the Author liv'd longer, we should have had his Tract _Of + the Government of the Thoughts_, a work he had undertaken; and + certainly (as Bp. Fell hath told us), had this work been + finished, 'twould have equall'd, if not excelled, whatever that + inimitable hand had formerly wrote. Withall it may be observ'd, + that the Author of these Tracts speaks of the great Pestilence, + and of the great Fire of London, both w'ch happen'd after the + Restoration, whereas Bp. Chappell died in 1649. And further, in + sect. vii. of the _Lively Oracles_, n. 2., are these words, w'ch + I think cannot agree to Bp. Chappell [and less to Mr. Woodhead]. + _I would not be hasty in charging Idolatry upon the Church of + Rome, or all in her Communion; but that their Image-Worship is a + most futall snare, in w'ch vast numbers of unhappy Souls are + taken, no Man can doubt, who hath with any Regard travailed in + Popish Countries: I myself, and thousands of others, whom the + late troubles, or other occasions, sent abroad, are, and have + been witnesses thereof_. {293} These words seem to have been + spoke by one that had been at Rome, and was forced into those + Countries after the troubles broke out here. But as for + Chappell, he never was at Rome, nor in any of those Countries. + + "As for Archbp. Stern, no Man will believe him to have any just + Title to any of these Tracts. [The last Passage concerning + idolatry, will not agree with Mr. Woodhead, nor the rest with + Lady Packington.] + + "In a letter from Mr. Hearne, dat. Oxon, Mar. 27, 1733, said by + Dr. Clavering, Bp. of Petr. to be wrote by one Mr. Basket, a + Clergyman of Worcestershire. See Dr. Hamond's _Letters_ + published by Mr. Peck, et ultra Quaere." + +On so disputed a point as the authorship of the _Whole Duty of Man_, +your readers will probably welcome any discussion by one so competent to +form an opinion in such matters as Hearne. + +The letter above given was unknown to the editor of Mr. Pickering's +edition. + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + +Marlborough College. + +[Footnote 2: The printed copy has _Trinity_ College.] + + * * * * * + +MISTAKE ABOUT GEORGE WITHER. + +In Campbell's _Notices of the British Poets_ (edit. 1848 p. 234.) is the +following, passage from the short memoir of George Wither:-- + + "He was even afraid of being put to some mechanical trade, when + he contrived to get to London, and with great simplicity had + proposed to try his fortune at court. To his astonishment, + however, he found that it was necessary to flatter in order to + be a courtier. To show his independence, he therefore wrote his + _Abuses Whipt and Stript_, and, instead of rising at court, was + committed for some months to the Marshalsea." + +The author adds a note to this passage, to which Mr. Peter Cunningham +(the editor of the edition to which I refer) appends the remark inclosed +between brackets:-- + + "He was imprisoned for his _Abuses Whipt and Stript_; yet this + could not have been his first offence, as an allusion is made to + a former accusation. [It was for _The Scourge_ (1615) that his + first known imprisonment took place.]" + +I cannot discover upon any authority sufficient ground for Mr. +Campbell's note resecting a _former_ accusation against Wither. He was +undoubtedly imprisoned for his _Abuses Whipt and Stript_, which first +appeared in print in 1613, but I do not think an _earlier_ offence can +be proved against him. It has been supposed, upon the authority of a +passage in the _Warning Piece to London_, that the first edition of this +curious work appeared in 1611; but I am inclined to think that the +lines,-- + + "In sixteen hundred ten and one, + I notice took of public crimes," + +refers to the period at which the "Satirical Essays" were _composed_. +Mr. Willmott, however (_Lives of the Sacred Poets_, p. 72.), thinks that +they point to an earlier publication. But it is not likely that Wither +would so soon again have committed himself by the publication of the +_Abuses_ in 1613, if he had suffered for his "liberty of speech" so +shortly before. + +Mr. Cunningham's addition to Mr. Campbell's note is incorrect. The +_Scourge_ is part of the _Abuses Whipt and Stript_ printed in 1613 (a +copy of which is now before me), to which it forms a postscript. Wood, +who had never seen it, speaks of it as a _separate_ publication; but Mr. +Willmott has corrected this error, although he had only the means of +referring to the edition of the _Abuses_ printed in 1615. Mr. +Cunningham's note, that Wither was imprisoned for the _Scourge_ in 1615, +is a mistake; made, probably, by a too hasty perusal of Mr. Willmott's +charming little volume on our elder sacred poets. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +USEFUL VERSUS USELESS LEARNING + +A single and practical plan for the formation of a complete and useful +library and _respository_ of _universal_ literary knowledge. + +The design which I propose in the following few lines, is one which I +should imagine nearly all the more learned and literary of your readers +would _wish_ to see _already in existence_ and when I show that it might +be effected _with very little trouble and expense_ (indeed _no_ trouble +but such as would be a _pleasure_ to those interested in the work), and +that the greatest advantage would follow from it,--I hope that it may +meet with favourable consideration from some of the numerous, able, and +influential readers and correspondents of your journal. + +I am the more induced to hope this from the fact of such a wish having +been partially expressed by some of your contributors, and the excellent +leading articles of Nos. 1 and 2. + +What I propose is simply this: the SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT of _all_ the +existing literary knowledge in the world that is considered _of value_ +by those best qualified to judge, disposed in such a manner as to answer +these two purposes: 1st, to give a general connected and classified +_view_ of the literary treasures of the whole world, beginning from the +most ancient in each language and department (including only what is +valuable in each); and, 2dly, to afford the greatest possible _facility_ +(by means of arrangement, references and _indexes_) to every inquirer +for finding _at once_ the information he is in search of, if it is to be +found _anywhere_ by looking for it. + +There are two ways in which this work might be accomplished, both of +which were desirable, though even one only would be much better than +none. + +The first and most complete is, to make a real COLLECTION of all those +works, arranged in the {294} most perfect systematic order; and, while +doing so, to make at the same time a corresponding classified +_Catalogue_. + +The chief (and almost the only) _difficulty_ in the way of this would +be, to find a _room_ (or suite of rooms) to contain such a library and +repository; but such would probably be found if sought. + +The other way in which this object might be attained is by the formation +of a simple CATALOGUE in the same order, such as does already exist and +lies open for public use (though only in manuscript, and not so +accurately classified as might be) in the noble library of the Dublin +University. + +This plan would be _far easier_ than (besides forming the best possible +_basis_ for) that so urgently advocated by MR. BOLTON CORNEY (Vol. i. +pp. 9, 42, 43.). + +Of course so extensive a design would require to be distributed among +many hundred persons; but so does any great work: while, by each +individual undertaking that department in which he is most interested +and most experienced, the whole might be accomplished easily and +pleasantly. + +The great fault of antiquarians is, that they are constantly _beginning +at the wrong end_: they fix on some one piece of information that they +want to get, and devote a world of labour to hunting about in all +directions for anything bearing on the subject; whereas the rational way +obviously is, to have the whole existing mass of (valuable) knowledge +_classified_, and then the inquirer would know _where_ to look for his +purpose. + +Of course there will always remain much knowledge of a miscellaneous and +irregular nature which is picked up by accident, and does not come +within the scope of the present design; but this is generally of a +trifling and fugitive kind, and does not at all controvert the principle +above laid down. + +In conclusion, I have worked out a tolerably complete series of +arrangements for the above design, showing its practicability as well as +usefulness, which will be much at the service of any one who can use +them for the furtherance of that object. + +W. D. + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Numerals._--For the old Indian forms, see Prinsep's _Journal Asiatic +Soc. Bengal_, 1838, p. 348. The prospectus of _Brugsh, Numerorum apud +Egyptios Demoticorum Doctrina_, Berlin, promises to give from papyri and +inscriptions not only the figures, but the forms of operation. Probably +the system assumed its present form by the meeting of the Indian and +Egyptian traders at some emporium near the mouth of the Indus. Peacock +seems to give undue weight to the fact, that the Tibetans have a copious +nomenclature for high numbers: their arithmetic, doubtless, came with +their alphabet, and the Buddhist legends from India. + +F.Q. + + +_Junnius and Sir Philip Francis._--A few years ago, an aged intelligent +person named Garner was living at Belgrave, near Leicester. I have heard +him say that, when he was a farm bailiff to Lord Thanet, at Sevenoaks, +in Kent, Sir Philip Francis was a frequent visitor there, and had a +private room set apart for literary occupation. On one occasion, when he +(Mr. Garner) was riding over the farm with Sir Philip Francis, the +former alluded to one of the replies to Junius, by a clergyman who had +been the subject of the "Great Unknown's" anonymous attacks, adding, +"They say, Sir Philip, you are Junius." Sir Philip did not deny that he +was the man, but simply smiled at the remark. This, and other +circumstances coupled with the fact of Sir Philip's frequent visits to +the house of so noted a politician as Lord Thanet, rendered Mr. Garner a +firm believer in the identity of Sir Philip and Junius to the end of his +days. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Jews under the Commonwealth_ (Vol. i., pp. 401. 474.; vol ii., p. +25.).--There is a confirmation of the story of the Jews being in treaty +for St. Paul's and the Oxford Library in a passage in Carte's _Letters_, +i. 276, April 2, 1649:-- + + "They are about demolishing and selling cathedral churches. I + hear Norwich is designed already, and that the Jews proffer + 600,000l. for Paul's and Oxford Library, and may have them for + 200,000l. more." + +CH. + + +"_Is anything but," &c._--As your work seems adapted, amongst other +subjects, to check the introduction into our language of undesirable +words, phrases, and forms of speech, I would call the attention of your +readers to the modern phrases, "is anything but," and the like, which +have lately crept into use, and will be found, in many (otherwise) +well-written books. + +I read the phrase "is anything but," for the first time, in Napier's +_Peninsular War_; where it struck me as being so much beneath the +dignity of historical composition, and at the same time asserting an +impossibility, that I meditated calling the author's attention to it. +The not unfrequent use of the same phrase by other writers, since that +time, has by no means reconciled me to its use. + +In the _Edinburgh Review_ for January last (1850) I find the following +sentence:--"But as pains have been taken to fix the blame _upon any one +except_ the parties culpable;" and in the July number of the same +_Review_ (p. 90.) occurs the sentence, "_any impulse rather than_ that of +patriotism," &c. + +Now, a "thing," or "person," or "impulse,"--though it may not be the +"thing," or "person," or "impulse" charged as the agent,--must yet be +some _certain_ and _specific_ thing, or party, or impulse, {295} if +existing as an agent at all in the matter; and cannot be "_any_ thing," +or "_any_ party," or "_any_ impulse," in the _indefinite_ sense intended +in these phrases. Moreover, there seems no difficulty in expressing, in +a simple and direct manner, that the agent was a very different, or +opposite, or dissimilar "thing," or "person," or "impulse" from that +supposed. + +I wish some persons of competent authority in the science of our +language (and many such there are who write in your pages) would take up +this subject, with a view to preserve the purity of it; and would also, +for the future, exercise a watchful vigilance over the use, for the +_first_ time, of any incorrect, or low words or phrases, in composition; +and so endeavour to confine them to the vulgar, or to those who ape the +vulgar in their style. + +P.H.F. + + +_Fastitocalon._--_Fastitocalon. Cod. Exon._ fol. 96. b. p. 360. 18. read +[Greek: Aspido ... chelonae]. Tychsen, _Physiologus Syrus_, cap. xxx.: +did the digamma get to Crediton by way of Cricklade? + +F.Q. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES + +BISHOP COSIN'S CONFERENCE. + +Basire in his _Dead Man's Real Speech_ (pp. 59, 60.), amongst other +"notable instances" of Bishop Cosin's zeal and constancy in defence of +the Church of England, mentions + + "A solemn conference both by word and writing betwixt him and + the Prior of the English Benedictines at Paris, supposed to be + Robinson. The argument was concerning the validity of the + ordination of our priests, &c., in the Church of England. The + issue was, our Doctor had the better so far, that he could never + get from the Prior any reply to his last answer. This conference + was undertaken to fix a person of honour then wavering about + that point; the sum of which conference (as I am informed), was + written by Dr. Cosin to Dr. Morley, the now Right Reverend Lord + Bishop of Winchester, in two letters bearing date June 11, July + 11, 1645." + +The substance of this conference has been preserved among the Smith +Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; but it is not in the form of +letters to Dr. Morley. Vol. xl. of this valuable collection of +manuscripts contains (as described in Smith's table of contents):-- + + 1. "Papers of Bp. Cosins in defence of the Ordination of the + Church of England against father Prior. + + "The first of these is Bp. Cosin's Review of the Father's + Letter, &c. [the title-page is placed at p. 77.] + + "Then follows a letter (which is indeed the Bishop's first + paper, and should be put first) from Bishop Cosin to the Father. + + "After that the Father's Answer to Bishop Cosin's Review at p. + 81. + + "Then come two other papers about the validity of our + Ordination, with a preface concerning the occasion, p. 89." + + 2. "Then, p. 101., A Letter from a _Rom. Cath._ to a Lady about + communicating in one kind,--with Bishop Cosin's Answer." + + 3. "Lastly, in p. 123., is A Letter of Bp. Cosin's to Dr. + Collins concerning the Sabbath." + +The order in which the papers under the first head, about our English +ordination, should fall, appears to be as follows:-- + +1. There is a note attached to p. 65., evidently written by Dr. Tho. +Smith himself in the following words: + + "Transcript of several papers of Bishop Cosin's sent to me by + Dr. J. Smith, Prebendary of Durham.--T.S." + +2. At p. 77. the title-page is given thus: + + "A Review of a Letter sent from F.P.R. to a Lady (whom he would + have persuaded to the Rom. party) in Opposition to a former + paper given him for the defence of the Church of England in the + Ordination of Priests." + +To this are appended the respective forms of ordering priests used in +the Church of England and in the Roman Church. + +3. Then, at p. 89., we have the "occasion of this ... Discourse +concerning the Ordination of Priests," &c. This is a kind of preface, +which contains the first paper that was given to the Prior, dated June +14, 1645; also another paper, bearing date July 11, 1645, but ending +abruptly in the middle of a sentence, and having written below it +(probably in Dr. J. Smith's hand) the following note: + + "The rest of this is not yet found, and that which is written + thus far is not in the Bishop's own hand, but the copy is very + fair." + +However, this second paper (ending thus abruptly) appears to be no more +than the first draft of a long letter from Cosin to the Prior, which +commences at p. 65. of this MS., and which is dated "from the Court of +S. Germains, July 11, 1645;" for not only does this letter bear the same +_date_ as the before-mentioned fragment, but it begins by complaining of +the tone of expression in a letter evidently received from the Prior +after the draft had been prepared, but before it was sent off; and it +concludes with the following note appended as a postscript: + + "Sir, + + "The enclosed (most of it) was prepared for you a fortnight + since; but now (upon the occasion given by your letter) you have + it with some advantage from + + "Your servt., J.C. + + "I desire the fav" + + "S. Germ. July 12." + +4. The most important part of this MS., however, is contained in the +long letter or treatise {296} placed first in the volume, and bearing +for its title, "A View of F.P.'s Answer to the First Paper." + +This is dated from S. Germains, July 25, 1645 and would appear to be +Cosin's last letter. But, if it be really so, Basire must, I think, be +in error, when he says, "Our Doctor ... could never get from the Prior +any reply to his last answer." For at p. 81. of the MS. there is a reply +to the above "Review of a Letter sent by F.R. to a Lady," &c. which, +though copied without either date or signature, was evidently written by +the Prior, whilst it professes to be a reply to a treatise closely +answering to Cosin's letter of July 25, but which letter the writer did +not receive (as he states) before the 26th of September. + +I wish yet further to take notice, that Dr. Tho. Smith, in His _Vitae_ +(Lond. 1707, praef. pp. vii, viii.), refers to these manuscripts in the +following satisfactory manner:-- + + "Cum, post mortem D. Cosini, de pretio et valore schedarum, quas + reliquit, haeredibus non satis constaret, ... auspieato tandem + devenit, ut favore, beneficio, et perquam insigni humanitate + reverendi et doctissimi viri, D. Joannis Smith, Sacrae Theologiae + Professoris Ecclesiae Dunelmensis Praebendarii, quorum frequens + hac de re commercium literarum, occasione data, (opportune + intercedente praenobili et reverendo, D. Georgio Whelero, equite + aurato, et Ecclesiae Anglicanae Presbytero, ejusdem quoque + Ecclesiae Cathedralis Prebendario), habui, duos libellos (tanquam + praetiosas tabulas ab isthoc infami naufragio servatas) a D. + Cosino, dum in Gallia exularet, Angliee conscriptos jam + possidieam: quarum unus _Vindicias Ordinatianum Ecclesieae + Anglicanae_ contra exceptiones et cavillationes cujusdem + Pontificii sacerdotis e gente nostra, alter _Responsionem ad + Epistolam_ nobili faeminae Anglae ab alio saccrdote _pro defensione + communionis sub unica specie administrandae_ inscriptam, + complectitur," &c. + +I should still be glad to add to this long note the followng Queries:-- + +1. Can any of your readers kindly inform me whether Cosin's two letters +to Dr. Geo. Morley are still in existence, either in MS. or in print? + +2. Whether there be any fuller or more authentic account of the +controversy than that in these MS. preserved by the care of Dr. Smith? + +3. Whether Cosin wrote any letter to the Prior _later_ than that of July +25? + +4. Who was the _lady_ the Prior wished to seduce to the Roman party? + +5. Is there any other account of the controversy? + +J. SANSOM. + + * * * * * + +ENGELMAN'S BIBILIOTHECA SCRIPTORUM CLASSICORUM. + +A little while ago, I ordered Engelman's _Bibliotheca Scriptoram +Classicorum_, purporting to contain all such works published from 1700 +to 1846. It was furnished to my bookseller by a foreign bookseller in +_London_ with an English title, having _his own_ name on it as +publisher, and an invitation to purchase the books described in it _from +him_. As the paper and type were German, I objected and received in +consequence a new English title, with the same name upon it, and a +_shorter_ invitation to purchase from him. I was captious enough to +object even to this; and I then received a Leipzig title in German. But +there still remains a difficulty: for this German title has also the +name of a _Parisian_ bookseller upon it, _a la maison duquel on peut +s'adresser, &c._ Now, as Engelman is a bookseller, and would probably +not object to an order out of his own catalogue, of which he is both +author and publisher, the preceding, circumstances naturally raise the +following Queries: + +1. What is the real title-page of Engelman's _Catalogue_ 2. Is the +Parisian house accredited by Engelman; or has the former served the +latter as the London house has Served both? 3. Is it not desirable that +literary men should set their faces very decidedly against all and every +the slightest alteration in the genuine description of a book? 4. Would +it not be desirable that every such alteration should forthwith be +communicate to your paper? + +The English title-page omits the important fact, that the _Catalogue_ +begins at 1700, and describes it as containing _all_ editions, &c., up +to 1846. + +A. DE MORGAN. + +September 24. 1850. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Portrait of Sir P. Sidney, by Paul Veronese._--In the letters of Sir P. +Sidney which I found at Hamburg, and which were published by Pickering, +1845, it is stated that a portrait of Sidney was painted by Paul +Veronese, at Venice, for Herbert Languet. It would be very interesting +to discover the existence of this picture. + +Languet had it with him at Prague, _framed_, as he asserts, and hung up +in his room, in the year 1575. He remarks upon it, in one place, that it +represented Sidney as too young (he was nineteen when it was taken); in +another place he says that it has given him too sad an expression. I +should add, that on Languet's death, his property passed into the hands +of his friend Du Plessis. + +I am led to write to you on this subject, by having observed, a few days +since, in the collection at Blenheim, two portraits by Paul Veronese, of +persons unknown. There may be many such, and that of Sir Philip Sidney +may yet be identified. + +STEUART A. PEARS. + +Harrow, Sept. 6. + + +_Confession._--You would much oblige if you could discover the name of a +Catholic priest, in {297} German history, who submitted to die rather +than reveal a secret committed to him in confession? + +U.J.B. + + +_Scotch Prisoners at Worcester._--In Mr. Walcott's _History of St. +Margaret's Church, Westminster_, I find the following extract from +church wardens' accounts:-- + + "1652. P'd to Thos. Wright for 67 loads of soyle laid on the + graves in Tothill Fields, wherein 1200 Scotch prisoners, taken + at the fight at Worcester, were buried; and for other pains + taken with his teeme of horses, about mending the Sanctuary + Highway, when Gen. Ireton was buried." + +I have taken the pains to verify this extract, and find the figures +quite correctly given. I wish to put the Query: Is this abominable +massacre in cold blood mentioned by any of our historians? But for such +unexceptionable evidence, it would appear incredible. + +C.F.S. + + +_Adamson's Reign of Edward II._-- + + "The Reigns of King Edward II., and so far of King Edward III., + as relates to the Lives and Actions of Piers Gaveston, Hugh de + Spencer, and Roger Lord Mortimer, with Remarks thereon adapted + to the present Time: Humbly addressed to all his Majesty's + Subjects of Great Britain, &c., by _J. Adamson_. Printed for J. + Millar, near the Horse Guards, 1732, and sold by the Booksellers + of London and Westminster, price One Shilling." + +The above is the title-page of a little work of eighty-six pages in my +possession, which I am inclined to think is scarce. It appears to be a +defence of the Walpole administration from the attacks of the +_Craftsman_, a periodical of the time, conducted by Amhurst, who was +supported by Bolinbroke and Pulteney, the leaders of the opposition. Is +anything known of _J. Adamson_, the author? + +H.A.E. + + +_Sir Thomas Moore._--Can any of your readers give any account of Sir +Thomas Moore, beyond what Victor tells of him in his _History_ of the +Theatre, ii. p. 144., "that he was the author of an absurd tragedy +called _Mangora_ (played in 1717), and was knighted by George I." + +In Pope's "Epistle to Arbuthnot," he writes-- + + "Arthur, whose giddy son leglects the laws." + +on which Warburton notes-- + + "_Arthur Moore, Esq._" + +Who was _Arthur Moore, Esq._? and who was the "giddy son?" Was the +latter _James Moore Smith_ a gentleman whose family name was, I think, +_Moore_, and who assumed (perhaps for a fortune) the additional name of +_Smith_? This gentleman Pope seems to call indiscriminately _Moore_, +_Moor_, and _More_: and when he says that his good nature towards the +dunces was so great that he had even "rhymed for Moor" (Ib. v. 373.), I +cannot but suspect that the Moor _for_ whom he had _rhymed_, was the +_giddy son_ whom _Arthur_ accused him of seducing from the law to the +Muses. There are many allusions to this Mr. James Moore Smith throughout +Pope's satirical works, but all very obscure; and Warburton, though he +appears to have known him, affords no explanation as to who or what he +was. He was the author of a comedy called _The Rival Modes_. + +C. + + +_Dr. E. Cleaver, Bishop of Cork._--I shall feel much obliged to any of +your correspondents who will furnish me with the particulars of the +consecration of Dr. Euseby Cleaver to the sees of Cork and Ross, in +March, April, or May, 1789. Finding no record of the transaction in the +Diocesan Registry of Cork, and not being able to trace it in any other +part of _Ireland_, I am induced to believe that this consecration may +have taken place in _England_; and shall be very glad to be correctly +informed upon the point. + +H. COTTON. + +Thurles, Ireland. + + +_Gwynn's London and Westminster._--Mr. Thomas Frederick Hunt, in his +_Exemplars of Tudor Architecture_, 4to. London, 1830, in a note at p. +23., alludes to _London and Westminster improved, by John Gywnn, +London_, 1766, 4to., and has this remark: + + "It is a singular fact, that in this work John Gwynn pointed out + almost all the designs for the improvement of London, which have + been _devised_ by the civil and military architects of the + present day." + +And Mr. Hunt concludes by observing,, that-- + + "This discovery was made by the _Literary Gazette_." + +Will you permit me, through the medium of your useful publication, to +solicit information of the number and date of the _Literary Gazette_ +which recalled public attention to this very remarkable fact? + +Sec.N. + + +_Coronet._--In Newbold Church, in the county of Warwick, is a monument +to the memory of Thomas Boughton of Lawford, and Elizabeth his wife, +representing him in a suit of armour, with sword and spurs, _a coronet +on his head_, and a bear at his feet, chained and muzzled. Query.--Can +any of your readers give an accurate description of this coronet? Or can +any of them mention instances of the monuments of esquires having +similar coronets? The date of his death is not given: his wife died in +the year 1454. + +Z. + + +_Cinderella._--Referring to Vol. ii., p. 214., allow me to ask in what +edition of Perrault's _Fairy Tales_ the misprint of _verre_ from _vair_ +first occurs? what is the date of their first publication, as well as +that of the translation under the title of _Mother Goose's Tales_? +whether Perrault was the originator of _Cinderella_, or from what source +he drew the tale? {298} what, moreover, is the authority for identifying +_sable_ with _vair_ for the employment of either in designating the +highest rank of princesses? + +SANDVICENSIS. + + +_Judas' Bell, Judas' Candle_ (Vol. i., pp. 195. 235. 357.).--Some time +since I asked the meaning of a Judas' Bell, and your learned +correspondent CEPHAS replied that it was only a bell so christened after +St. Jude, the apostle. However, it may have been connected with the +Judas' tapers, which, according, to the subjoined entries, were used +with the Paschal candle at Easter. May I trust to his kindness to +explain its purport? + + "_Reading Parish Accompts_. + + "1499. Itm. payed for making leng' Mr. Smyth's molde wt. a Judas + for the Pascall--vJd." + + "_St. Giles' Parish Accompts_. + + "A.D. 1514. Paid for making a Judas for Pascall iiijd." + + "_Churchwardens' Accompts of S. Martin, Outwich_. + + "1510. Paid to Randolf Merchaunt Wex Chandiler for the Pascall, + the tapers affore the Rode, the Cross Candelles, and Judas + Candelles--viiijs. iiijd." + + "_St. Margaret's, Westminster._ + + "1524. Item payed for xij. Judacis to stand with the tapers--O + ijd. O" + +MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A., Oxon. + + +_Dozen of Bread; Baker's Dozen._--In the _Chronicle of Queen Jane, and +of Two Years of Queen Mary_, lately printed for the Camden Society +(Appendix iv. p. 112.), it is stated that, amongst other particulars in +the accounts of the Chamberlain of Colchester, at which place Mary was +entertained on her way to London, there is:--"For xxxviii. _dozen of +bread_, xxxixs." In the language of the county from which I write, "a +dozen of bread" was (and I believe is yet) used to express either one +loaf, value twelvepence or two loaves, value sixpence each: and even +when the sizes and price of the loaves varied, it was used to express +the larger loaf, or the two smaller loaves. A dozen of bread was also +divided into six twopenny, or twelve penny loaves. + +But in the quotation above, thirty-eight dozen of bread are charged +thirty-nine shillings; whereas the extra one shilling, cannot be divided +into aliquot parts, so as to express the value of each of the +thirty-eight dozen of bread. + +What was a dozen of bread in 1553? + +What is a _baker's dozen_, and why so called? + +P.H.F. + + +_Kongs skuggsia._--Is anything, precise known of the date and origin of +the Icelandic Kongs skuggsia. + +F.Q. + + +_Coins of Gandophares._--Coins of Gandophares, an Indian prince, are +described by Prinsep, _Jour. Asiatic Soc. Bengal_, and in Wilson's +_Asiana_. The name is met with in the legends of St. Thomas can it be +found elsewhere? + +F.Q. + + +_Satirical Medals._--Is any printed account to be found of a very +elaborately executed series of caricature medals relating to the +revolution of 1688? + +F.Q. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + +GAUDENTIO DI LUCCA. + +(Vol. ii., p. 247.) + +The work entitled _The Adventures of Sig. Gaudentio di Lucca_ was +published at London in 1737, in 1 vol. 8vo. It purports to be a +translation from the Italian, by E.T. Gent but this is a mere fiction. +The work is evidently an English composition. It belongs to the class of +_Voyages Imaginaires_, and its main object is to describe the +institutions and manners of the Mezoranians, an Utopian community, +supposed to exist in the centre of Africa. Sig. Gaudentio is able, by an +accident, to visit this people, by the way of Egypt, and to return to +Europe; he resides at Bologna, where he falls under the suspicion of the +Inquisition, and having been brought before that tribunal, he describes +his former life, and his adventures in the country of the Mezoranians. + +A second London edition of this work, of the date of 1748, is mentioned +in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for Jan. 1777. There is an edition in +12mo., printed at Edinburgh, 1761. And there is another London edition, +in 8vo., of the year 1786. Copies of the editions of 1737 and 1786 are +in the British Museum. + +There are two French translations of the work. One is of the date 1746, +under the title of _Memoires de Gaudentio di Lucca_. The second, of +1754, by M. Dupuy Demportes, speaks of the first having been made by an +Englishman named _Milts_; but the person and name appear to be +fictitious. The first translation is said by Barbier, _Dict. des +Anonymes_, No. 11,409, to have been revised by the Chevalier de Saint +Germain, who made additions to it of his own invention. The second +translation is reprinted in the collection of _Voyages Imaginaires_, +Amsterdam et Paris, 1787, tom. vi. + +An anonymous writer in the _Gent. Mag._ for Jan. 1777, vol. xlvii., p. +13., speaking of Bishop Berkeley, says that "the _Adventures of Signor +Gaudentio di Lucca_ have been generally attributed to him." The writer +of the note added to the _Life of Berkeley_ in Kippis's _Biogr. Brit._, +1780, vol. ii. p. 261., quotes this statement, and adds that the work is +ascribed to him by the booksellers in their printed catalogues. This +writer thinks that the authorship of Bp. Berkeley is consistent with the +internal evidence of the book but he furnishes no positive testimony on +the subject. {299} + +In a letter from Mr. J.C. Walker to Mr. Pinkerton, of 19 Jan., 1799 +(published in Pinkerton's _Literary Correspondence_, vol. ii., p. 41.), +Lord Charlemont is referred to as believing that Gaudentio di Lucca is +founded in fact; that Bishop Berkeley, when he was at Cairo, conversed +with persons who had attended a caravan, and that he learned from them +what he narrated in the account of Gaudentio. This passage is cited in +Southey's _Common-place Book_, p. 204; but the work is manifestly +fictitious, and it does not appear that Berkeley, though he twice +visited the Continent, was ever out of Europe. + +The date of the publication of Gaudentio is quite consistent with the +authorship of Berkeley, who died in 1753; but the notice in the +_Gentleman's Magazine_ only proves the existence of a rumour to that +effect; and the authentic _Life of Berkeley_, by Dr. Stock, chiefly +drawn up from materials communicated by Dr. R. Berkeley, brother to the +Bishop, and prefixed to the collected edition of his work (2 vols. 4to. +Lond., 1784), makes no allusion to Gaudentio. There is nothing in the +contents of this work which renders it likely that the authorship should +have been carefully concealed by Bp. Berkeley and his family, if he had +really been the author. The literary execution of Gaudentio is good; and +it is probable that the speculative character of the work, and the fact +that Berkeley had visited Italy, suggested the idea that he had composed +it. The belief that Bishop Berkeley was the author of _Gaudentio di +Lucca_ may therefore be considered as unauthorised. + +The copy of the edition of _Gaudentio_ of 1786, which is preserved in +the British Museum, contains in the title-page the following note, in +pencil: + + "Written originally in English by Dr. Swale of Huntingdon. See + _Gent. Mag._ 1786." + +The _Gentleman's Magazine_ for 1786 does not, however, contain any +information about the authorship of _Gaudentio_; and the name of Dr. +Swale appears to be unknown in literary history. At the same time, a +positive entry of this sort, with respect to an obscure person, +doubtless had some foundation. On the authority of this note, Dr. Swale +is registered as the author of Gaudentio in the printed catalogue of the +British Museum Library, whence it has passed into Watt's _Bibl. Brit._ +Perhaps some of your correspondents, who are connected with Huntingdon, +may be able to throw some light on Dr. Swale. + +Lastly, it should be added, that the writer of the article "Berkeley," +in the _Biographic Universelle_, adverts to the fact that _Gaudentio di +Lucca_ has been attributed to him: he proceeds, however, to say that-- + + "The author of a Life of Berkeley affirms that Berkeley is not + the author of that book, which he supposes to have been written + by a Catholic priest imprisoned in the Tower of London." + +I have been unable to trace the origin of this statement; nor do I know +what is the _Life of Berkeley_, to which the writer in the _Biogr. +Univ._ refers. The Life published under the direction of his family +makes no allusion to Gaudentio, or to the belief that it was composed by +Bishop Berkeley. + +The _Encyclopedie Methodique_, div. "Econ. pol. et dipl." (Paris, 1784), +tom. I. p. 89., mentions the following work:-- + + "La Republique des Philosophes, ou l'Histoire des Ajaoiens, + relation d'un voyage du Chevalier S. van Doelvett en Orient en + l'an 1674, qui contient la description du Gouvernement, de la + Religion, et des Moeurs des Ajaoiens." + +It is stated that this romance, though composed a century before, had +only been lately published. The editor attributed it to Fontenelle, but +(as the writer in the _Encycl. Meth._ thinks) probably without reason. +The title of Berkeley to the authorship of Gaudentio has doubtless no +better foundation. + +L. + + +[Dunlop, _Hist. Fiction_, iii. 491., speaks of this romance as +"generally, and I believe on good grounds, supposed to be the work of +the celebrated Berkeley;" adding, "we are told, in the life of this +celebrated man, that Plato was his favourite author: and, indeed, of all +English writers Berkeley has most successfully imitated the style and +manner of that philosopher. It is not impossible, therefore, that the +fanciful republic of the Grecian sage may have led Berkeley to write +_Gaudentio di Lucca_, of which the principal object apparently is to +describe a faultless and patriarchal form of governnent." The subject is +a very curious one, and invites the further inquiry of our valued +correspondent.--ED.] + + * * * * * + +ON A PASSAGE IN "THE TEMPEST." + +I was indebted to MR. SINGER for one of the best emendations in the +edition of Shakspeare I superintended (vol. vi. p. 559.), and I have too +much respect for his sagacity and learning to pass, without observation, +his remarks in "NOTES AND QUERIES" (Vol. ii., p. 259.), on the +conclusion of the speech of Ferdinand, in "The Tempest," Act iii., Sc. +1.:-- + + "But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours; + Most busy, least when I do it." + +This is the way in which I ventured to print the passage, depending +mainly upon the old copies. In the folio, 1623, where the play for the +first time appeared, the last line stands: + + "Most busie lest, when I doe it;" + +and in that of 1632, + + "Most busie least, when I doe it:" {300} + +so that the whole merit I claim that of altering the place of a comma, +thereby, as I apprehend, rendering the meaning of the poet evident. The +principle upon which I proceeded throughout was that of making as little +variation as possible from the ancient authorities: upon that principle +I acted in the instance in question, and I frequently found that this +was the surest mode of removing difficulties. I could not easily adduce +a stronger proof of this position, than the six words on which the doubt +at this time has been raised. + +Theobald made an important change in the old text, and his reading has +been that generally adopted:-- + + "Most busy-less when I do it." + +In restoring the old text I had, therefore, to contend with +prepossession, against which, it seems, the Rev. Mr. Dyce was not proof, +although I only know it from MR. SINGER'S letter, never having looked +into the book in which I suppose, the opinion is advanced. + +One reason why I should reject the substitution of "busy-less," even if +I had not a better mode of overcoming the difficulty, is properly +adverted to by MR. SINGER, viz. that the word was not in use in the time +of Shakspeare. The only authority for it, at any period, quoted in +Todd's Johnson, is this very (as I contend) corrupted passage in the +Tempest; I have not met with it at all in any of the older dictionaries +I have been able to consult; and unless the Rev. Mr. Dyce have been more +fortunate, he was a little short-sighted, as well as a little angry, +when he wrote his note upon mine. Had he taken more time to reflect, he +might have found that after all Theobald and I are not so much at odds, +although he arrives at his end by varying from, and I at mine by +adhering to, the ancient authorities. In fact, I gain some confirmation +of what, I believe, is the true meaning of Shakspeare, out of the very +corruption Theobald introduced, and the Rev. Mr. Dyce, to my surprise, +supports. I should have expected him to be the very last man who would +advocate an abandonment of what has been handed down to us in every old +edition of the play. + +The key of the whole speech of Ferdinand is contained in its very +outset:-- + + "There be some sports are painful, and their labour + Delight in them sets off;" + +and the poet has said nearly the same thing in "Macbeth:" + + "The labour we delight in physics pain." + +It is because Ferdinand delights in the labour that he does not feel it +irksome: + + "This my mean task + Would be as heavy to me as odious; but + The mistress which I serve quickens what's dead, + And makes my labours pleasure." + +He, therefore, tells us, at the close, that his labours are refreshed by +the sweet thoughts of her; that, in fact, his toil is no toil, and that +when he is "most busy" he "least does it," and suffers least under it. +The delight he takes in his "mean task" renders it none. + +Such I take to be the clear meaning of the poet, though somewhat +obscurely and paradoxically expressed-- + + "Most busy, least when I do it;" + +and when Theobald proposed to substitute + + "Most busy-less when I do it," + +he saw, though perhaps not quite distinctly, that such was the poet's +intention, only, as I have said above, he arrived at it by altering, and +I by adhering to, the poet's language. I may be allowed to add that I +came to my conclusion many years before I was asked to put my name to an +edition of Shakspeare, which interrupted one of the most valuable +friendships I ever formed. + +MR. SINGER will see at once that my interpretation (which I consider +quite consistent with the character of Shakspeare's mind, as well as +quite consistent with the expressions he has used throughout the speech +of the hero), steers clear of his proposal to alter "busie lest," or +"busie least," of the folios of 1623 and 1632, to _busyest_ or +_busiest_; although everybody at all acquainted with our old language +will agree with him in thinking, that if Shakspeare had used "busiest" +at all, which he does not in any of his productions, he might have said +_most busiest_ without a violation of the constant practice of his day. + +J. PAYNE COLLIER. + +September 24. 1850. + + * * * * * + +GRAY'S ELEGY. + +Perhaps the HERMIT of HOLYPORT will be satisfied with proofs from GRAY +himself as to the time and manner of the first appearance of the +_Elegy_. + +GRAY thus writes to Dr. Wharton, under the date of "Dec. 17, 1750." [I +quote Mason's "Life" of its Author, p. 216.] + + "The stanzas" [which he afterwards called _Elegy_ at the + suggestion of Mason] "which I now enclose to you have had the + misfortune, by _Mr._ [Horace] _Walpole's fault_, to be made + still more public," &c. + +The next letter in Mason's publication is a letter from "Mr. Gray to Mr. +Walpole" (p. 217.), and is dated "_Cambridge, Feb._ 11, 1751," which +runs thus:-- + + "As you have brought me into a little sort of distress, you must + assist me, I believe, to get out of it as well as I can. + Yesterday I had the misfortune of receiving a letter from + certain gentlemen (as their bookseller expresses it) who have + taken the Magazine of Magazines into their hands: they tell me + that an {301} _ingenious_ poem, called 'Reflections in a Country + Church-yard,' has been communicated to them, which they are + printing forthwith; that they are informed that the _excellent_ + author of it is I by name, and that they beg not only his + _indulgence_, but the _honour_ of his correspondence, &c.... I + therefore am obliged to desire you would make Dodsley print it + immediately _from your copy_, but without my name, &c. He must + correct the press himself ... and the title must be 'Elegy + written in a Country Church-yard.' If he would add a line or two + to say it came into his hand by accident, I should like it + better ... If Dodsley do not do this immediately, he may as well + let it alone." + +Dr. Johnson (_Life of Gray_) says: + + "His next production, 1750, was his far-famed _Elegy_," &c. + +The Doctor adds: + + "Several of his [Gray's] pieces were published, 1753, with + designs by Mr. Bentley, and that they might in some form or + other make a book, only one side of each leaf was printed. I + believe the poems and the plates recommended each other so well, + that the whole impression was soon bought." + +It contains _six_ poems, one being the _Elegy_. I have before me a copy +of this collection, which is folio. The plates are clever, and very +curious; a copy was sold at the Fonthill sale for 3l. 4s.! The copy, +admirably bound, which I quote, was bought at a bookseller's +front-window stall for 4s. The title of this collection is "_Designs by +Mr._ R. BENTLEY, _for six poems by Mr._ J. GRAY." + +According to the title-page, it was "printed for R. DODSLEY, in Pall +Mall, MDCCLIII.," two years previously to the date to which your +correspondent refers. This (1753) collection gives the line,-- + + "Save where the beetle wheels his _droning_ flight." + +In the _Elegant Extracts_ (verse), ed. 1805, which, it must be needless +to mention, was prepared by the able and indefatigable Dr. Vicesimus +Knox, the accomplished scholar gives the line-- + + "Save where the beetle wheels his _drony_ flight." + +Dr. Johnson's _Dictionary_ does not insert the word "droning" or +"drony;" but among his Illustrations attached to the verb "to drone," +there are two from Dryden, each, it may be seen, using the word +"droning." There is no quotation containing the word "drony." Gray's +language is: + + "Save where the beetle wheels his _droning_ flight, + And drowsy _tinklings_ lull the distant folds." + +Johnson's second quotation from Dryden may be worth repeating, as +showing that Gray's language is not wholly different from his +predecessor's:-- + + "Melfoil and honeysuckles pound, + With these alluring savours strew the ground, + And mix with _tinkling_ brass the cymbal's _droning_ sound." + +It is perhaps hardly worth noticing, that there is not uniformity even +in the title. Johnson calls it, _Elegy in the Church-yard_; Dodsley +(1753) styles it, _Elegy written in a Country Church-yard_. + +A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD. + + +_Gray's Elegy_ (Vol. ii., p. 264.).--The HERMIT OF HOLYPORT is referred +to the 4to. edit. of the _Works of Gray_, by Thos. Jas. Mathias, in +which, vol. i. at the end of the Elegy, in print, he will find "From the +original in the handwriting of Thos. Gray: + + "'Save where the beetle wheels his _droning_ flight.'" + +From the autograph the Elegy appears to have been written in 1750; and +the margin states, published in Feb. 1751, by Dodsley, and went through +four editions in two months; and afterwards a fifth, sixth, seventh and +eighth, ninth and tenth, and eleventh; printed also in 1753, with Mr. +Bentley's designs, of which there is a second edition; and again by +Dodsley in his _Miscellany_, vol. iv.; and in a Scotch collection, +called the _Union_. Translated into Latin by Chr. Anstey, Esq., and the +Rev. Mr. Roberts, and published in 1762; and again in the same year by +Rob. Lloyd, M.A. The original MS. of the above will be found among the +MSS. of Thos. Gray, in the possession of the Masters and Fellows of +Pembroke House, Cambridge. + +W.S. + +Richmond, Sept 21. 1850 + + * * * * * + +BISHOPS AND THEIR PRECEDENCE. +(Vol. ii., p. 254.) + +Arun is not right, in reference to this Query, in saying that the +precedence of bishops over the temporal barons is regulated by the +statute of 31 Hen. VIII. The precedence of bishops over the temporal +lords is not regulated by the Act of 31 Hen. VIII. for placing the +lords. They may have originally been summoned to sit in parliament in +right of their succession to certain baronial lands annexed to, or +supposed to be annexed to their episcopal sees; but as some of the +temporal peers were also summoned in right of lands held of the king +_per baroniam_, that is not a satisfactory reason why they should take +precedence of temporal barons. + +The precedency must have been regulated by some other laws, rules, or +usage than are presented by the Act of 31 Hen. VIII. The Archbishop of +Canterbury precedes the Lord Chancellor; the Archbishop of York the Lord +President of the Council and the Lord Privy Seal; and all bishops +precede barons. This precedency, however, is not given by the _statute_. +The Act provides only, in reference to the spiritual peers, that the +Vicegerent for good and due ministration of justice, to be had in all +causes and cases touching the ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and for the +godly reformation and redress of all errors, heresies, and abuses in the +{302} Church (and all other persons having grant of the said office), +shall sit and be placed in all parliaments on the _right side_ of the +parliament chamber, and upon the same form that the Archbishop of +Canterbury sitteth on, and above the same archbishop and his successors; +and next to the said Vicegerent shall sit the Archbishop of Canterbury; +and then, next to him, on the same form and side, shall sit the +Archbishop of York; and next to him, on the same form and side, the +Bishop of London; and next to him, on the same side and form, the Bishop +of Durham; and next to him, on the same side and form, the Bishop of +Winchester; and then all the other bishops of both provinces of +Canterbury and York shall sit and be placed on the same side, after +their ancienties, as it hath been accustomed. + +There is nothing here to show in what order they are to rank among the +great officers, or other temporal peers; nor is the precedency given to +the Lord Chancellor over the Archbishop of York. + +By the Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland, the archbishops of +that kingdom have rank immediately after the Archbishop of York, and +therefore before the great officers (excepting only the Lord +Chancellor), as well as above dukes; and the Irish bishops immediately +after those of England. + +It may be rightly stated that the high spiritual rank of the bishops is +a reason for giving them precedence over the temporal lords sitting as +barons; but has that _reason_ been assigned by any writer of authority, +or even any writer upon precedence?--the Query suggested by E. (Vol. +ii., p. 9.) Lord Coke does not assign that reason, but says, because +they hold their bishopricks of the king _per baroniam_. But the holding +_per baroniam_, as before observed, would equally apply to the temporal +lords holding lands by similar tenures, and sitting by writ, and +receiving summons in ancient times in virtue of such their tenure. + +The precedence of bishops over barons was clearly _disputed_ in the +reign of King Henry VI., when Baker says in his _Chronicle_ (p. 204.), +_judgment_ was given for the _lords temporal_; but where the judgment, +or any account of the dispute for precedence, is to be found I cannot +say. That is what your correspondent G. inquired for (Vol. ii., p. 76.). + +C.G. + + +Your correspondent ARUN (Vol. ii., p. 254.) states, on the authority of +Stephen's _Blackstone_, that-- + + "Bishops are temporal barons, and sit in the House of Peers in + right of succession to certain ancient baronies annexed or + supposed to be annexed to their episcopal lands." + +This position, though supported by Lord Coke in more places than one +(see _Coke upon Littleton_, 134. _a, b_; 3 _Inst._ 30.; 4 _Inst._ 44.), +and adopted by most other legal text-writers on his authority, cannot, +it is conceived, be supported. It seems to be clearly ascertained that +bishops sat in the great councils of this and other kingdoms not +_ratione baroniarum_ but _jure ecclesiarum_, by custom, long before the +tenure _per baroniam_ was known. In the preambles to the laws of Ina +(Wilkins' _Leges Ang.-Sax._ f. 14.), of Athelstan (_ib._ 54.), of Edmund +(_ib._ 72.), the bishops are mentioned along with others of the great +council, whilst the tenure _per baroniam_ was not known until after the +Conquest. The truth seems to be that + + "The bishops of the Conqueror's age were entitled to sit in his + councils by the general custom of Europe and by the common law + of England, which the conquest did not overturn."--Hallam's + _Mid. Ag._ 137-8, 9th ed. + +Can any of your readers throw any light on the much disputed tenure _per +baroniam_? What was its essential character, what its incidents, and in +what way did it differ from the ordinary tenure _in capite_? + +BARO. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of his Time_ (Vol. ii., pp. 9. +92.).--This subject receives interesting illustration in the _Memoirs of +Gervas Holles_, who at some length describes the seduction of the Lady +Sheffield, by Leicester, at Belvoir Castle, while attending the Queen on +her Progress. A letter from the Earl to the lady of his love, contained +the suspicious intimation-- + + "_That he had not been unmindful in removing that obstacle_ + which hindered the full fruition of their contentments; that he + had endeavoured one expedient already which had failed, but he + would lay another which he doubted not would hit more sure." + +This letter the Lady Sheffield accidentally dropped from her pocket; and +being picked up and given to the Lord Sheffield by his sister Holles, he +read it with anger and amazement. That night he parted beds, and the +next day houses; meditating in what manner he might take honourable and +just revenge. Having resolved, he posted up to London to effect it; but +the discovery had preceded him to the knowledge of Leicester, who +finding a necessity to be quick, bribed an Italian physician ("whose +name," says Holles, "I have forgotten") in whom Lord Sheffield had great +confidence, to poison him, which was immediately effected after his +arrival in London. Leicester, after cohabiting with the Lady Sheffield +for some time, married the widow of the Earl of Essex, who, it is +thought, says Holles, "_served him in his own kind, every way_." + +In the suit afterwards instituted by Sir Robert Dudley, with the view of +establishing his legitimacy, the Lady Sheffield was examined, and swore +{303} to a private marriage with the Earl of Leicester, but that she had +been prevailed on, by threats and pecuniary largesses, to deny the +marriage, as Queen Elizabeth was desirous that Lord Leicester should +marry the widow of the Earl of Essex. + +One curious circumstance arises out of the revival of these dark doings. +Are the particular drugs employed by Leicester's Italian physician "in +removing obstacles" now known and in operation? By a remarkable +coincidence, in a case of supposed poisoning at Cheltenham, some time +since, the intended victim escaped with the loss of his hair and his +nails. + +H.K.S.C. + + +_What is the correct Prefix of Mayors?_ (Vol. i., p. 380.)--In Leicester +the usage has always been to designate the chief magistrate "The +worshipful the Mayor," which, I believe, is the style used in +_boroughs_. In _cities_, and places _specially privileged_, "Right +worshipful" are the terms employed. + +JAYTEE. + + +_Marks of Cadency_ (Vol. ii., p. 248.).--The label of the Prince of +Wales has, from the time of Edward III. up to the present time, been of +three points argent, and _not_ charged. + +F.E. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Although we do not usually record in our columns the losses which +literature sustains from time to time, we cannot permit the death of +Thomas Amyot, the learned Director of the Camden Society, and for so +many years the Treasurer of the Society of Antiquaries, to pass without +rendering our grateful tribute to the memory of one of the most +intelligent and kindest-hearted men that ever breathed; from whom we, in +common with so many others, when entering on our literary career, +received the most friendly assistance, and the most encouraging +sympathy. + +Every fifty years commences a discussion of the great question when the +current century, or half century, properly begins. We have just seen +this in the numerous Queries, Answers, Replies, and Rejoinders upon the +subject which have appeared in the columns of the daily and weekly +press; the only regular treatise being the essay upon _Ancient and +Modern Usage in Reckoning_, by professor De Morgan, in the _Companion to +the Almanack_ for the present year. This Essay is opposed to the idea of +a "zero year," and one of the advocates of that system of computation +has, therefore, undertaken a defence of the zero principle, which he +pronounces, "when properly understood, is undoubtedly the most correct +basis of reckoning," in a small volume entitled, _An Examination of the +Century Question_, and in which he maintains the point for which he is +contending with considerable learning and ingenuity. All who are +interested in the question at issue, will be at once amused and +instructed by it. + +Mr. Charles Knight announces a new edition of his _Pictorial +Shakespeare_ under the title of the National Edition; to contain the +whole of the Notes, Illustrations, &c., thoroughly revised; and which, +while it will be printed in a clear and beautiful type across the page, +and not in double columns, will have the advantage of being much cheaper +than the edition which he originally put forth. + +_The Declaration of the Fathers of the Councell of Trent concerning the +going into Churches at such Times as Hereticall Service is said or +Heresy preached, &c._, is a reprint of a very rare tract, which +possesses some present interest, as it bears upon the statement which +has been of late years much insisted on by Mr. Perceval and other +Anglican controversialists, that for the first twelve years of +Elizabeth's reign, and until Pius V.'s celebrated Bull, _Regnans in +Excelsis_, the Roman Catholics of England were in the habit of +frequenting the Reformed worship. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--W.S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham +House, Westminster Road) Sixty-first Catalogue of English and Foreign +Second-hand Books; W.D. Reeve's (98. Chancery Lane) Catalogue No. 13. of +Cheap Books, many Rare and Curious; R. Kimpton's (31. Wardour Street, +Soho) Catalogue No. 29. of Second-hand Books in good Condition at very +reduced Prices. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY POLL-BOOKS FOR 1780, 1784, 1790, and + 1829. + +OXFORD UNIVERSITY POLL-BOOKS for 1750, 1768, 1806. + +BEN JONSON by CLIFFORD. 8vo. Vols. II., III., and IV. + +Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with Title-page and very copious +Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by +order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen._ + +_We are unavoidably compelled to postpone numerous NOTES, QUERIES, AND +REPLIES: indeed we see no way of clearing off our accumulation of +REPLIES without the publication of an extra Number, to be devoted +exclusively to the numerous Answers which we now have waiting for +insertion._ + +GUTCH'S Literary and Scientific Regsiter and Almanack, _advertised in +our last No., is for_ 1851 _not_ 1850. + +Mr. G.B. RICHARDSON _would oblige us by forwarding the additional verses +of_ "Long Lonkin" _for our correspondent_ SELEUCUS. + +A CONSTANT SUBSCRIBER _will find the line_, + + "Music hath charms to soothe the savage breast," + +_in Congreve's_ Mourning Bride. + +JANUS DOUSA. _In our next No._ + +MEDICUS, _who inquires respecting the origin of the proverbial saying, +"Quem Deus vult perdere," is referred to our First Volume_, pp. 347. +351. 421. and 476. _The original line reads "Quem Jupiter vult," and is +Barnes' translation of a fragment of_ Euripides. {304} + + * * * * * + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, +No. CLXXIV., is published THIS DAY. + +CONTENTS: + I. TICKNOR'S HISTORY OF SPANISH LITERATURE. + II. CHURCH AND EDUCATION IN WALES. + III. FORMS OF SALUTATION. + IV. SIBERIA AND CALIFORNIA. + V. MURE ON THE LITERATURE OF GREECE. + VI. METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY. + VII. ANECDOTES OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT. +VIII. COCHRANES'S YOUNG ITALY. + IX. LAST DAY OF LOUIS-PHILIPPE. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + +Will be published on the 1st of November, 1850, with the other +Almanacks, + +THE LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC REGISTER AND ALMANACK for 1851. Price 3s. +6d. + +Dedicated by especial permission to H.R.H. Prince Albert, by J.W.G. +GUTCH, M.R.C.S.L., F.L.S.; + +Containing a condensed mass of scientific and useful information alike +valuable to the student and man of science. + +Tenth Yearly issue. + +Published by D. BOGUE, Fleet Street, London + + * * * * * + +Shortly will be Published. + +THE ARCHITECTURAL QUARTERLY REVIEW. A Literary Periodical devoted to +Works appertaining to the Art and Science of Architecture. Prospectuses +may be obtained from the Publisher. Letters for the Editor, and books, +drawings, models, and specimens, to be addressed to the care of the +Publisher. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Royal 4to., cloth, price 2l. 2s. + +EXAMPLES OF ANCIENT PULPITS EXISTING IN ENGLAND. Selected and drawn from +Sketches and Measurements taken on the Spot, with Descriptive +Letterpress. By FRANCIS T. DOLLMAN, Architect. + +This Work contains thirty quarto Plates, three of which are highly +finished in Colours, restored accurately from the existing indications. +The Pulpits delineated are St. Westburga, Chester: SS. Peter and Paul, +Shrewsbury; St. Michael, Coventry; St. Mary, Wendon; St. Mary and All +Saints, Fotheringay; All Saints, North Cerney; Holy Trinity, Nallsea; +St. Peter Winchcombe; St. John Baptist, Cirencester; St. Mary, Totness; +St. Mary, Frampton. Holy Trinity, Old Aston; St. Benedict, Glastonbury; +St. Peter, Wolverhampton: St. Andrew, Cheddar (coloured); St. Andrew, +Banwell; St. George, Brakworth; Holy Trinity, Long Sutton (coloured); +St. Saviour, Dartmouth (coloured); All Saints, Sudbury; All Saints, +Hawstead; St. Mary de Lode, Gloucester; St. Mary, North Petherton. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +To be completed in Four Parts, Parts I. and II., price 5s. each plain; +7s. 6d. coloured. + +ANTIQUARIAN GLEANINGS IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND: being Examples of Antique +Furniture, Plate, Church Decoration, Objects of Historical Interest, &c. +Drawn and etched by W.B. SCOTT. + +"A collection of antiquarian relics, chiefly in the decorative branch of +art, preserved in the northern counties, portrayed by a very competent +hand ... All are drawn with that distinctness which makes them available +for the antiquarian, for the artist who is studying costume, and for the +study of decorative art."--_Spectator._ + +Parts III. and IV., completing the Work, are in preparation, and will be +published shortly. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, +No CLXXXVIII., will be publishd on THURSDAY, +October 10th, 1850. + + I. HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. + II. THE UNITED STATES. + III. BRITISH MUSEUM: CATALOGUE OF PRINTED BOOKS. + IV. MURE'S CRITICAL HISTORY OF THE LANGUAGE + AND LITERATURE OF ANTIENT GREECE. + V. COL. CHESNEY'S EXPEDITION TO THE EUPHRATES AND TIGRIS. + VI. RECENT CLASSICAL ROMANCES. +VIII. DIFFICULTIES OF REPLUBLICAN FRANCE. + IX. HORACE AND TASSO. + +London: LONGMAN AND CO. Edinburgh: A. and C. BLACK. + + * * * * * + +MR. L.A. LEWIS'S SALES for OCTOBER, 1850, FRIDAY 11TH., and SATURDAY +12th. Valuable Books, Architechural Books, Books of Prints, &c., from +the West of England, including Stuart and Revett's Antiquities of +Athens, 4 vols.; unedited Antiuities of Attica; Piranesi Campus Martius +Antiqua Orbis; Houghton Gallery, 2 vols; Bowyer's Hume's England; +Rogers' Collection of Prints, 2 vols.; Knorr, Deliciae Naturae Selectae, 2 +vols.; Tableaux Historiques de la Revolution Francaise, 2 vols.; Stow's +London, by Strype, 2 vols.; Domesday Book, 2 vols.; Edmondson's +Heraldry, 2 vols.; Illustrated London News, 11 vols.; Encyclopaedia +Metropolitana, 29 vols.; Neale's Gentlemen's Seats, 6 vols.; Loddiges' +Botanical Cabinet, 10 vols., large paper; Maund's Botanic Garden, 9 +vols.; Sweet's Geraniums, 5 vols.; Beauties of England and Wales, 32 +vols.; Hogarth's Works, 3 vols., red morocco; Knight's London, 6 vols.; +Retrospective Review, 14 vols.; Bayle, Dictionnaire Historique, 16 +vols.; Lodge's Illustrious Portraits, 10 vols.; Knight's Pictorial +Bible, 3 vols.; Clarke's Commentary on the Bible, 6 vols.; a few +Pictures and Prints, &c. + +FRIDAY, 18TH, AND SATURDAY, 19TH.--Books, including the stock of the +late Mr. C. Whiten. + +FRIDAY, 25TH,--Pictures, Prints, Books, Stereotype Plates, Copyrights, +Books in Quires, &c. + +Mr. C.A. Lewis will have Sales on each Friday in November and December. + +125. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Just published, Part 9, price 9s., plain; Tinted, small paper, 10s. 6d.; +Proof, large paper, 12s. + +THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE AGES: or, Select Specimens of Early and +Middle Pointed Structures; with a few of the pures; Late Pointed +Examples, Illustrated by Geometric and Perspective Drawings. By HENRY +BOWMAN and J.S. CROWTHER, Architects. Containing Illustrations of St. +Peter's Church, Thrukingham, Norfolk; St. John's, Cley, Norfolk; and St. +Andrew's, Heckington, Lincolnshire. + +To be completed in Twenty Parts, each containing Six Plates, Imperial +folio. Issued at intervals of two months. + +"Ewerby is a magnficent specimen of a Flowing Middle-Pointed Church. it +is most perfectly measured and described: one can follow the most +rcondite beauties of the construction, mouldings and joints, in these +Plates, almost as well as in the original structure. Such a monograph as +this will be of incalculable value to the architects of our Colonies or +the United States, who have no means of access to ancient churches. The +Plates are on stone, done with remarkable skill and distinctness. Of +Heckington we can only say that the perspective view from the south-east +presents a very vision of beauty; we can hardle conceive anything more +perfect. We heartlily recommend this series to all who are able to +patronize it."--_Ecclesiologist_, Oct. 1849. + +"This, if completed in a similar manner to the Parts now out, will be a +beautiful and valuable work. The perspective of St. Andrew's, +Heckington, is a charming specimen of lithography, by Hawkins. We +unhesitatingly recommend Messrs. Bowman and Crowther's work to our +readers, as likely to be useful to them."--_Builder_. + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, October 5. 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 49, +Saturday, Oct. 5, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 13480.txt or 13480.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/4/8/13480/ + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, David +King, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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