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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:42:11 -0700 |
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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 04:42:11 -0700 |
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diff --git a/13463-h/13463-h.htm b/13463-h/13463-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..44774f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/13463-h/13463-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1931 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta name="generator" content= +"HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st March 2004), see www.w3.org" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content= +"text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> +<title>Notes And Queries, Issue 48.</title> + +<style type="text/css"> + + /*<![CDATA[*/ + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.adverts {width: 100%; height: 5px; color: black;} + html>body hr.adverts {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.short {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.short {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + + + .note, .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; + font-size: 0.9em;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; + text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 6em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 8em;} + .poem p.i10 {margin-left: 10em;} + .poem .caesura {vertical-align: -200%;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; + font-size: 8pt;} + + p.author {text-align: right;} + --> + /*]]>*/ +</style> +</head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13463 ***</div> + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page273" name= +"page273"></a>{273}</span> +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left" width="25%"><b>No. 48.</b></td> +<td align="center" width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, +1850</b></td> +<td align="right" width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> +<table summary="Contents" align="center"> +<tr> +<td align="left">NOTES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Riots in London</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page273">273</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Satirical Poems on William III.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page275">275</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Shakspeare's Grief and Frenzy, by C. Forbes</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page275">275</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Etymological Notes</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page276">276</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Mistakes in Gibbon. by Rev. J.E.B. Mayor</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page276">276</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Notes. History of +Saracens—Hippopotamus—America—Pascal's +Letters—Parson's Epigram</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page277">277</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">"Orkneyinga Saga"</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page278">278</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Queries:—Incumbents of Church +Livings—York Buildings Company—Saying ascribed to +Montaigne—"Modum Promissionis"—Roman Catholic +Theology—Wife of Edward the Outlaw—Conde's "Arabs in +Spain"</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page278">278</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Cave's Historia Literaria, by Rev. Dr. +Maitland</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page279">279</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Sir Garamer Vans</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page280">280</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Collar of SS., by Dr. Rock</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page280">280</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Joachin, the French Ambassador, by S.W. +Singer</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page280">280</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Remains of James II.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page281">281</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Handfasting</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page282">282</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Adam of Bremen's Julin, by Dr. Bell</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page282">282</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Replies to Minor Queries:—Bess of +Hardwick—Bishop Andrewes—The Sun +Feminine—Carpatio—Character "&"—Walrond +Family—Blackguard—Scala Coeli—Sitting during the +Lessons—Aërostation—Pole Money—Wormwood +Wine—Darvon Gatherall—Angels' Visits—Antiquity of +Smoking—"Noli me tangere"—Partrige Family—City +Offices—Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page283">283</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page287">287</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes Wanted</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page287">287</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page287">287</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Advertisements</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page288">288</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>NOTES.</h2> +<h3>RIOTS OF LONDON.</h3> +<p>Seventy years having passed away since the riots of London, +there cannot be many living who remember them, and still fewer who +were personally in contact with the tumultuous throng. Under such +circumstances, I venture to offer for introduction into your useful +and entertaining miscellany some incidents connected with that +event in which I was either personally an actor or +spectator—things not in themselves important, yet which may +be to some of your readers acceptable and interesting as records of +bygone days.</p> +<p>The events of 1780, in themselves so terrific, were well adapted +to be written indelibly on the memory of a young, and ardent boy. +At any age they would have been engraved as with an iron pen; but +their occurrence at the first age of my early boyhood, when no +previous event had claimed particular attention, fixed them as a +lasting memorial.</p> +<p>The awful conflagrations had not taken place when I arrived in +London from a large school in one of the midland counties in +England, for the Midsummer vacation. So many of my school-fellows +resided in the metropolis, or in a part of the country requiring a +passage through London, that three or four closely-packed +post-chaises were necessary; and to accomplish the journey in good +time for the youngsters to be met by their friends, the journey was +begun as near to four o'clock A.M. as was possible.</p> +<p>The chaises, well crowned with boxes, and filled with joyous +youth, were received at the Castle and Falcon, then kept by a Mr. +Dupont, a celebrated wine merchant, and the friend of our estimable +tutor. The whole of my schoolmates had been met by their respective +friends, and my brother and I alone remained at the inn, when at +length my mother arrived in a hackney-coach to fetch us, and from +her we learned that the streets were so crowded that she could +hardly make her way to us. No time was lost, and we were soon on +our way homewards. We passed through Newgate Street and the Old +Bailey without interruption or delay; but when we came into Ludgate +Hill the case was far different; the street was full and the people +noisy, permitting no carriage to pass unless the coachman took off +his hat and acknowledged his respect for them and the object for +which they had congregated. "Hat off, coachee!" was their cry. Our +coachman would not obey their noisy calls, and there we were fixed. +Long might we have remained in that unpleasant predicament had not +my foreseeing parent sagaciously provided herself with a piece of +ribbon of the popular colour, which she used to good effect by +making it up into a bow with a long, streamer and pinning it to a +white handkerchief, which she courageously flourished out of the +window of the hackney-coach. Huzzas <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page274" id="page274"></a>{274}</span> and "Go on, coachee!" were +shouted from the crowd and with no other obstruction than the full +streets presented, we reached Beaufort Buildings, in the Strand, +the street in which we resided.</p> +<p>There a new scene presented itself, which was very impressive to +our young minds. The street was full of soldiers, and the coachman +said to my mother, "I cannot go down." A soldier addressed my +mother: "No one, ma'am, can go down this street:" to whom my mother +replied, "I live here, and am going to my own home." An officer +then gave permission for us, and the coachman with our box, to +proceed, and we were soon at our own door. The coachman, ignorant +of the passport which the handkerchief and ribbon had proved, said, +on setting the box down, "You see, ma'am, we got on without my +taking off my hat: for who would take off his hat to such a set of +fellows? I would rather have sat there all the day long."</p> +<p>The assembling of the military in this street was to defend the +dwellings of Mr. Kitchener and Mr. Heron, both these gentlemen +being Roman Catholics. Mr. Kitchener (who was the father of Dr. +Kitchener, the author of the <i>Cook's Oracle</i>) was an eminent +coal merchant, whose wharf was by the river-side southward, behind +Beaufort Buildings, then called Worcester Grounds<a id= +"footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href= +"#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a>, as the lane leading to it was called +Worcester Lane: but Mr. Kitchener, or his successor Mr. Cox, +endeavoured to change it by having "Beaufort Wharf" painted on +their wagons. Thus the name "Worcester Grounds" got lost; but the +lane which bore the same name got no advantage by the change, for +it received the appropriate title of "Dirty Lane," used only for +carts and horses, foot passengers reaching the wharf by the steps +at the bottom of Fountain Court and Beaufort Buildings.</p> +<p>But to return to my narrative. My parents soon removed us out of +this scene of public confusion, to the house of a relative residing +at St. Pancras: and well do I remember the painful interest with +which, as soon as it got dark, the whole family of my uncle used to +go on the roof of the house and count the number of fires, guessing +the place of each. The alarm was so great, though at a distance, +that it was always late before the family retired to rest. I +remained at St. Pancras until the riots had been subdued and peace +restored; and now, though very many matters crowd my mind, as +report after report then reached us, I will leave them to record +only what I personally saw and heard.</p> +<p>Before the vacation was ended, the trials of the prisoners had +proceeded, and I went to a friend's house to see some condemned +ones pass to execution. The house from which I had this painful +view has been removed; the site is now the road to Waterloo Bridge. +I believe it was because a lad was to be executed that I was +allowed to go. The mournful procession passed up St. Catherine's +Street, and from the distance I was, I could only see that the lad +in height did not reach above the shoulders of the two men between +whom he sat, who, with him, were to be executed in Russell Street. +Universal and deep was the sympathy expressed towards the youth +from the throng of people, which was considerable. As it was long +before the street was sufficiently cleared to allow us to return +home, the report came that the execution was over, and that the boy +was so light that the executioner jumped on him to break his neck: +and such was the effect of previous sympathy, that a feeling of +horror was excited at the brutality (as they called it) of the +action; but, viewing it calmly, it was wise, and intended kindly to +shorten the time of suffering. While thus waiting, I heard an +account of this boy's trial. A censure was expressed on the +government for hanging one so young, when it was stated that this +boy was the only one executed, though so many were guilty, as an +example, as the proof of his guilt was unquestionable. A witness +against him on the trial said, "I will swear that I have seen that +boy actively engaged at several conflagrations." He was rebuked for +thus positively speaking by the opposite counsel, when he said, "I +am quite sure it is the active boy I have seen so often for I was +so impressed with his flagrant conduct that I cut a piece out of +his clothes:" and putting his hand into his pocket, he pulled out +the piece which he had cut off, which exactly fitted to the boy's +jacket. This decided his execution: yet justice was not vindictive, +for very few persons were executed.</p> +<p>I will trespass yet further on your pages to recite one other +incident of the riots that occurred in connexion with the attack on +the King's Bench prison, and the death of Allen, which made a great +stir at the time. The incident I refer to happened thus:—At +the gate of the prison two sentinels were placed. One of these was +a fine-built young man, full six feet high: he had been servant to +my father. On the day Allen was shot, or a day or two after, he +came to my father for protection: my father having a high opinion +of his veracity and moral goodness, took him in and sheltered him +until quiet was restored. His name was M'Phin, or some such name; +but as he was always called "Mac" by us, I do not remember his name +perfectly. He stated that he and his fellow-soldier, while standing +as sentries at the prison, were attacked by an uproarious mob, and +were assailed with stones and brickbats;—that his companion +called loudly to the mob, and said, "I will not fire until I see +and mark a man that throws at us, and then he shall die. I don't +want to kill the innocent, <span class="pagenum"><a name="page275" +id="page275"></a>{275}</span> or any one; but he that flings at us +shall surely die." Young Allen threw a brick-bat, and ran off; but +Mac said, his fellow-soldier had seen it, and marked him. The crowd +gave way; off went Allen and the soldier after him. Young Allen ran +on, the soldier pursuing him, till he entered his father's +premises, who was a cow-keeper, and <i>there</i> the soldier shot +him. Popular fury turned upon poor Mac; and so completely was he +thought to be the "murderer" of young Allen that 500<i>l.</i> was +offered by the mob for his discovery. But my good father was +faithful to honest Mac, and he lay secure in one of our upper rooms +until the excitement was over.</p> +<p>Allen's funeral was attended by myriads, and a monument was +erected to his memory (which yet remains, I believe) in Newington +churchyard, speaking lies in the face of the sun. If it were +important enough, it deserves erasure as much as the false +inscription on London's monument.</p> +<p>As soon as the public blood was cool, "Mac" surrendered himself, +was tried at the Old Bailey, and acquitted.</p> +<p>Should it be in the power of any of the readers of your +interesting miscellany, by reference to the Session Papers, to give +me the actual name of poor "Mac," I shall feel obliged.</p> +<p class="author">SENEX.</p> +<p>September 9. 1850.</p> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name= +"footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href= +"#footnotetag1">(return)</a> +<p>Mr. Cunningham, vol. i. p. 69., gives an interesting quotation +from Strype respecting Worcester House, which gave the name of +"Worcester Grounds" to Mr. Kitchener's property.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<h3>SATIRICAL POEMS ON WILLIAM III.</h3> +<p>Some years since I copied from a MS. vol., compiled before 1708, +the following effusions of a Jacobite poet, who seems to have been +"a good hater" of King William. I have made ineffectual efforts to +discover the witty author, or to ascertain if these compositions +have ever been printed. My friend, in whose waste-book I found +them,—a beneficed clergyman in Worcestershire, who has been +several years dead,—obtained them from a college friend +during the last century.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"UPON KING WILLIAM'S TWO FIRST CAMPAGNES.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"'Twill puzzle much the author's brains,</p> +<p class="i2">That is to write your story,</p> +<p>To know in which of these campagnes</p> +<p class="i2">You have acquired most glory:</p> +<p>For when you march'd the foe to fight,</p> +<p class="i2">Like Heroe, nothing fearing,</p> +<p>Namur was taken in your sight,</p> +<p class="i2">And Mons within your hearing."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"></div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"ON THE OBSERVING THE 30TH OF JANUARY, 1691.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Cease, Hippocrites, to trouble heaven</p> +<p class="i2">How can ye think to be forgiven</p> +<p class="i4">The dismall deed you've done?</p> +<p class="i2">When to the martyr's sacred blood,</p> +<p class="i2">This very moment, if you could,</p> +<p class="i4">You'd sacrifice his son."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"></div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"ON KING WILLIAM'S RETURN OUT OF FLANDERS.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Rejoice, yee fops, yo'r idoll's come agen</p> +<p class="i2">To pick yo'r pocketts, and to slay yo'r men;</p> +<p class="i2">Give him yo'r millions, and his Dutch yo'r lands:</p> +<p class="i2">Don't ring yo'r bells, yee fools, but wring yo'r +hands."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p class="author">GRENDON.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>SHAKSPEARE'S GRIEF AND FRENZY.</h3> +<p>I have looked into many an edition of Shakspeare, but I have not +found one that traced the connexion that I fancy exists between the +lines—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Cassius.</i> "I did not think you could have been so +angry."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Brutus.</i> "O Cassius! I am sick of many griefs."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>or between</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Brutus.</i> "No man bears sorrow better.—Portia is +dead."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Cassius.</i> "How 'scaped I killing when I crossed you +so!"</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Julius Cæsar</i>, Act iv. Sc. 3.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>which will perhaps better suit the object that I have in view. +The editors whose notes I have examined probably thought the +connexion so self-evident or insignificant as not to require either +notice or explanation. If so, I differ from them, and I therefore +offer the following remarks for the <i>amusement</i> rather than +for the <i>instruction</i> of those who, like myself, are not at +all ashamed to confess that they cannot read Shakspeare's music +"<i>at sight</i>." I believe that both <i>Replies</i> contain an +allusion to the fact that <i>Anger, grafted on sorrow, almost +invariably assumes the form of frenzy; that it is in every sense of +the word "Madness," when the mind is unhinged, and reason, as it +were, totters from the effects of grief</i>.</p> +<p>Cassius had but just mildly rebuked Brutus for making no better +use of his philosophy, and now—startled by the sudden sight +of his bleeding, mangled heart—"Portia is—Dead!" pays +involuntary homage to the very philosophy he had so rashly +underrated by the exclamation—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"How 'scaped I <i>killing</i> when I crossed you so!"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I wish, if possible, to support this view of the case by the +following passages:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>I. Romeo's address to Balthasar.</p> +<p class="i4">"But if thou ... roaring sea."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>II. His address to Paris.</p> +<p class="i4">"I beseech thee youth ... away!"</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Romeo and Juliet</i>, Act v. Sc. 3.</p> +</div> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p>III. "The poor father was ready to fall down dead; but he +grasped the broken oar which was before him, jumped up, and called +in a faltering voice,—'Arrigozzo! Arrigozzo!' This was but +for a moment. Receiving no answer, he ran to the top of the rock; +looked at all around, ran his eye over all who were safe, one by +one, but could not find his son among them. Then seeing the count, +who had so lately been finding fault <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page276" id="page276"></a>{276}</span> with his son's name, he +roared out,—'Dog, are you here?' And, brandishing the broken +oar, he rushed forward to strike him on the head. Bice uttered a +cry, Ottorino was quick in warding off the blow; in a minute, Lupo, +the falconer, and the boatmen, disarmed the frantic man; who, +striking his forehead with both hands, gave a spring, and threw +himself into the lake.</p> +<p>"He was seen fighting with the angry waves, overcoming them with +a strength and a courage which desperation alone can +give."—<i>Marco Viconti</i>, vol. i. chap. 5.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>IV. A passage that has probably already occurred to the mind of +the reader, Mucklebackit mending the cable in which his son had +been lost:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"'There is a curse either on me or on this auld black bitch of a +boat, that I have hauled up high and dry, and pitched and clouted +sae mony years, that she might drown my poor Steenie at the end of +them, an' be d——d to her!' And he flung his hammer +against the boat, as if she had been the intentional cause of his +misfortune"—<i>Antiquary</i>, vol. ii. chap. 13. Cadell, +1829.</p> +<p>V. "Giton præcipuè, <i>ex dolore in rabiem +efferatus</i>, tollit clamorem, me, utrâque manu impulsum, +præcipitat super lectum."—Petron. <i>Arb. Sat.</i> cap. +94.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The classical reader will at once recognise the force of the +words "rabiem," "efferatus," "præcipitat," in this passage. +The expression "utrâque manu" may not at first sight arrest +his attention. It seems always used to express the most intense +eagerness; see</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Ijecit utramque laciniæ manum."—Pet. <i>Arb. +Sat.</i> 14.</p> +<p>"Utrâque manu Deorum beneficia tractat."—<i>Ib.</i> +140.</p> +<p>"Upon which Menedemus, incensed at his insolence, +answered,—'Nothing is more necessary than the preservation of +Lucullus;' and thrust him back <i>with both +hands</i>."—Plutarch, <i>Life of Lucullus</i>.</p> +<p>"Women have a sort of natural tendency to cross their husbands: +they lay hold <i>with both hands</i> [à deux mains] on all +occasions to contradict and oppose them, and the first excuse +serves for a plenary justification."—Montaigne, +<i>Essays</i>, book 2. chap. 8.</p> +<p>"Marmout, deceived by the seemingly careless winter attitude of +the allies, left Ciudad Rodrigo unprotected within their reach and +Wellington jumped <i>with both feet</i> upon the devoted fortress +of Napier," <i>Pen. War</i>, vol. iv. p. 374.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Any apology for the unwarrantable length of this discursive +despatch, would, of course, only make matters worse.</p> +<p class="author">C. FORBES.</p> +<p>Temple.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES.</h3> +<p>1. <i>Gnatch.</i>—"The covetous man dares not gnatch" +(Hammond's <i>Catechism</i>). From this, and the examples in +Halliwell's <i>Dictionary</i>, the sense seems to be "to move." Is +it related to "gnake?"</p> +<p>2. <i>Pert.</i>—I lately met with an instance of the use +of this word in the etymological sense <i>peritus</i>: "I beant +peart at making button-holes," said a needlewoman.</p> +<p>3. <i>Rococo.</i>—A far-fetched etymology suggests itself. +A wealthy noble from the north might express his admiration for the +luxuries of Paris by the Russian word [Cyrillic: roskosha], or +Polish <i>roskosz</i>. A Frenchman, catching the sound, might apply +it to anything extravagant enough to astonish a barbarian.</p> +<p>4. <i>Cad.</i>—The letters from Scotland ascribed to a +Captain Burtt, employed in surveying the forfeited estates, give an +account of the "cawdies," or errand boys, of Edinburgh.</p> +<p>5. <i>Fun</i>, perhaps Irish, <i>fonamhad</i>, jeering, mockery +(Lhuyd, <i>Archæologia Britannica</i>).</p> +<p>6. <i>Bumbailiff.</i>—The French have <i>pousse-cul</i>, +for the follower or assistant to the sergeant.</p> +<p>7. Epergne, perhaps <i>épargne</i>, a save-all or +hold-all. Here seems no more difficulty in the transfer of the name +than in that of chiffonier, from a rag-basket to a piece of +ornamental furniture.</p> +<p>8. <i>Doggrel.</i>—Has the word any connexion with +<i>sdrucciolo</i>?</p> +<p>9. <i>Derrick.</i>—A spar arranged to form an extempore +crane. I think Derrick was the name of an executioner.</p> +<p>10. <i>Mece</i>, A.-S., a knife. The word is found in the +Sclavonic and Tartar dialects. I thinly I remember some years ago +reading in a newspaper of rioters armed with "pea makes." I do not +remember any other instance of its use in English.</p> +<p class="author">F.Q.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MISTAKES IN GIBBON.</h3> +<p>The following references may be of use to a future editor of +Gibbon; Mr. Milman has not, I believe, rectified any of the +mistakes pointed out by the authors cited.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>In the Netherlands ... 50,000 in less than fifty years were ... +sacrificed to the intolerance of popery. (Fra Paolo, <i>Sarpi Conc. +Trid.</i> 1. i. p. 422. ed. sec. Grotius, in his <i>Annal. +Belq.</i> 1. v. pp. 1G, 17. duod., including <i>all</i> the +persecutions of Charles V, makes the number 100,000. The supposed +contradiction between these two historians supplied Mr. Gibbon with +an argument by which he satisfied himself that be had completely +demolished the whole credibility of Eusebius's history. See +conclusion of his 16th book.) [Mendham's <i>Life of Pius V.</i>, p. +303. and note; compare p. 252., where Gibbon's attack on Eusebius +is discussed.]</p> +</blockquote> +<p>In Forster's <i>Mahometanism Unveiled</i>, several of Gibbon's +statements are questioned. I have not the book at hand, and did not +think the corrections very important when I read it some time +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page277" id= +"page277"></a>{277}</span> back. The reader who has it may see pp. +339. 385. 461-2. 472. 483. 498. of the second volume.</p> +<p>In Dr. Maitland's <i>Dark Ages</i>, p. 229. seq. note, a gross +blunder is pointed out.</p> +<p>See too the <i>Gentlemans Magazine</i>, July, 1839, p. 49.</p> +<p>Dr. Maitland, in his <i>Facts and Documents relating to the +ancient Albigenses and Waldenses</i>, p. 217. note, corrects an +error respecting the <i>Book of Sentences</i>.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Gibbon, speaking of this <i>Book of Sentences</i>, in a note on +his 54th chapter, says, 'Of a list of criminals which fills +nineteen folio pages, only <i>fifteen</i> men and <i>four</i> women +were delivered to the secular arm.' Vol. v. p. 535. I believe he +should have said <i>thirty-two</i> men and <i>eight</i> women; and +imagine that he was misled by the fact that the index-maker most +commonly (but by no means always) states the nature of the sentence +passed on each person. From the book, however, it appears that +forty persons were so delivered, viz., twenty-nine Albigenses, +seven Waldenses, and four Beguins."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The following mistake was pointed out by the learned Cork +correspondent of the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, I think in 1838; +it has misled the writer of the article "Anicius", in Smith's +<i>Dictionary of Ancient Biography</i>, and is not corrected by Mr. +Milman (Gibbon, chap. xxxi. note 14 and text):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"During the first five ages, the name of the Anicians was +unknown. The earliest date in the annals of Pighius is that of M. +Anicius Gallus, Tr. Plebis A.U.C. 506. Another Tribune, Q. Anicius, +A.U.C. 508, is distinguished by the epithet Prænestinus."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>We learn from Pliny, <i>H.N.</i> xxxiii. 6., that Q. Anicius +Prænestinus was the colleague as curule ædile of +Flavius, the famous <i>scriba</i> of Appius Cæcus, B.C. 304, +A.U.C. 450. (See Fischer, <i>Röm. Zeittafeln</i>, p. 61-2.) +Pliny's words are—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"[Flavius] tantam gratiam plebis adeptus est ... ut ædilis +curulis crearetur cum Q. Anicio Prænestino."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Gibbon's chapter on Mahomet seems to be particularly +superficial; it is to be hoped that a future editor will correct it +by the aid of Von Hammer's labours.</p> +<p class="author">J.E.B. MAYOR.</p> +<p>Marlborough College.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR NOTES</h3> +<p><i>"Ockley's History of the Saracens," and unauthentic +Works.</i>—At the end of a late edition of Washington +Irving's <i>Life of Mahomet</i>, those "who feel inclined to peruse +further details of the life of Mahomet, or to pursue the course of +Saracenic history," are referred to <i>Ockley</i>. Students should +be aware of the character of the histories they peruse. And it +appears, from a note in Hallam's <i>Middle Ages</i> (vol. ii. p. +168.), that Wakidi, from whom Ockley translated his work, was a +"mere fabulist," as Reiske observes, in his preface to +Abulfeda.</p> +<p>Query, Would it not be well, if some of your more learned +correspondents would communicate to students, through the medium of +"NOTES AND QUERIES," a list of such books as are genuine but not +authentic; and authentic but not genuine, or altogether spurious? +or would point out the sources from which such information can be +obtained?</p> +<p class="author">P.H.F.</p> +<p><i>The Hippopotamus.</i>—Your correspondent L. (Vol. ii., +p. 35.) says, "None of the Greek writers appear to have seen a live +hippopotamus:" and again, "The hippopotamus, being an inhabitant of +the Upper Nile, was imperfectly known to the ancients." Herodotus +says (ii. 71.) that this animal was held sacred by the Nomos of +Papremis, but not by the other Egyptians. The city of Papremis is +fixed by Bähr in the west of the Delta (ad ii. 63.); and +Mannert conjectured it to be the same as the later Xoïs, lying +between the Sebennytic and Canopic branches, but nearer to the +former. Sir Gardner Wilkinson says, several representations of the +hippopotamus were found at Thebes, one of which he gives +(<i>Egyptians</i>, vol. iii. pl. xv.). Herodotus' way of speaking +would seem to show that he was describing from his own observation: +he used Hecatæus, no doubt, but did not blindly copy him. +Hence, I think, we may infer that Herodotus himself saw the +hippopotamus, and that this animal was found, in his day, even as +far north as the Delta: and also, that the species is gradually +dying out, as the aurochs is nearly gone, and the dodo quite. The +crocodile is no longer found in the Delta.</p> +<p class="author">E.S. JACKSON</p> +<p><i>America.</i>—The probability of a short western passage +to India is mentioned in <i>Aristotle de Coelo</i>, ii., near the +end.</p> +<p class="author">F.Q.</p> +<p><i>Pascal's Lettres Provinciales.</i>—I take the liberty +of forwarding to you the following "Note," suggested by two curious +blunders which fell under my notice some time ago.</p> +<p>In Mr. Stamp's reprint of the Rev. C. Elliott's <i>Delineation +of Romanism</i> (London, 8vo. 1844), I find (p. 471., in note) a +long paragraph on Pascal's <i>Lettres Provinciales</i>:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"This exquisite production," says the English editor, "<i>is +accompanied, in some editions of it, with the learned and judicious +observations of Nicole</i>, who, under the fictitious name of +Guillaume Wendrock, has fully demonstrated the truths of those +facts which Pascal had advanced without quoting his authorities; +and has placed, in a full and striking light, several interesting +circumstances which that great man had treated with perhaps too +much brevity. <i>These letters ... were translated into Latin by +Ruchelius</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>From Mr. Stamp's remarks the reader is led to conclude that the +<i>text</i> of the <i>Lettres Provinciales</i> <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page278" id="page278"></a>{278}</span> is +accompanied in some editions by observations of Wendrock (Nicole), +likewise in the French language. Now such an assertion merely +proves how carelessly some annotators will study the subjects they +attempt to elucidate. Nicole <i>translated</i> into Latin the +<i>Provincial Letters</i>; and the masterly disquisitions which he +added to the volume were, in their turn, "made French" by +Mademoiselle de Joncoux, and annexed to the editions of 1700, 1712, +1735.</p> +<p>As for Rachelius, if Mr. Stamp had taken the trouble to refer to +Placcius' <i>Theatr. Anonym. et Pseud.</i>, he night have seen +(Art. 2,883.) that this worthy was merely a German <i>editor</i>, +not a translator of Pascal cum Wendrock.</p> +<p>The second blunder I have to notice has been perpetrated by the +writer of an otherwise excellent article on Pascal in the last +number of the <i>British Quarterly Review</i> (No. 20. August). He +mentions Bossuet's edition of the <i>Pensées</i>, speaks of +"<i>the prelate</i>," and evidently ascribes to the famous Bishop +of Meaux, <i>who died in</i> 1704, the edition of Pascal's +<i>Thoughts, published in</i> 1779 <i>by Bossuet</i>. (See pp. 140. +142.)</p> +<p class="author">GUSTAVE MASSON.</p> +<p><i>Porson's Epigram.</i>—I made the following Note many +years ago:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The late Professor Porson's own account of his academic visits +to the Continent:—</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"'I went to Frankfort, and got drunk</p> +<p>With that most learn'd professor—Brunck:</p> +<p>I went to Worts, and got more drunken,</p> +<p>With that more learn'd professor Ruhncken.'"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>But I do not remember where or from whom I got it. Is anything +known about it, or its authenticity?</p> +<p class="author">P.H.F.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>QUERIES.</h2> +<h3>"ORKNEYINGA SAGA."</h3> +<p>In the introduction to Lord Ellesmere's <i>Guide to Northern +Archæology</i>, p. xi., is mentioned the intended publication +by the Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries, Copenhagen, of a +volume of historical antiquities to be called <i>Antiquitates +Britannicæ et Hibernicæ</i>. In the contents of this +volume is noticed the <i>Orkneyinga Saga</i>, a history of the +Orkney and Zetland Isles from A.D. 865 to 1234, of which there is +only the edition Copenhagen, 1780, "chiefly printed," it is said, +"from a modern paper manuscript, and by no means from the +celebrated Codex Flateyensis written on parchment in the fourteenth +century." This would show that the Codex Flateyensis was the most +valuable manuscript of the work published under the name of the +<i>Orkneyinga Saga</i>, of which its editor, Jonas Jonæus, in +his introductory address to the reader, says its author and age are +equally unknown: "auctor incertus incerto æque tempore +scripsit." The <i>Orkneyinga Saga</i> concludes with the burning of +Adam Bishop, of Caithness, by the mob at Thurso while John was Earl +of Orkney, and according to Dalrymple's <i>Annals</i> in A.D. 1222; +but in the narrative given by the historian Torfæus, in his +<i>Orcades</i>, of Haco, King of Norway's expedition against the +western coast of Scotland in 1263, which terminated in the defeat +of the invaders by the Scots at Largs, in Ayrshire, and the death +of King Haco on his return back in the palace of the bishop of +Orkney at Kirkwall, reference is made to the Codex Flateyensis as +to the burial of King Haco in the city of Bergen, in Norway, where +his remains were finally deposited, after lying some months before +the shrine of the patron saint in the cathedral of Saint Magnus, at +Kirkwall. There is not a syllable of King Haco or his expedition in +the <i>Orkneyinga Saga</i>; and as I cannot reconcile this +reference of Torfæus (2nd edition, 1715, book ii. p. 170.) +with the <i>Saga</i>, the favour of information is desired from +some of your antiquarian correspondents. The Codex Flateyensis has +been ascribed to a pensioner of the king of Norway resident in +Flottay, one of the southern isles of Orkney, but with more +probability can be attributed to some of the monks of the monastery +built on the small island of Flatey, lying in Breida Fiord, a gulf +on the west coast of Iceland.</p> +<p class="author">W.H.F.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>Incumbents of Church Livings in Kent.</i>—I have by me +the following MS. note:—"A list of B.A.'s graduated at +Cambridge from 1500 to 1735 may be found in 'Additional MSS. +British Museum, No. 5,585.'" Will any of your correspondents inform +me if this reference is correct, and if the list can be +examined?</p> +<p>Is there in the British Museum or elsewhere a list of incumbents +of church livings in Kent (with name and birthplace) from 1600 to +1660?</p> +<p class="author">BRANBRIDGES.</p> +<p><i>York Buildings Company.</i>—This company existed about +the middle of the last century. I shall be glad to be informed +where the papers connected with it are to be met with, and may be +referred to.</p> +<p class="author">WDN.</p> +<p><i>Saying ascribed to Montaigne.</i>—The saying, "I have +here only made a nosegay of culled flowers, and have brought +nothing of my own but the thread that ties them," is usually +ascribed to Montaigne. In what part of his works are these words to +be found? I heard doubts expressed of their genuineness some years +ago by a reader of the <i>Essays</i>; and my own search for them +has also proved hitherto unsuccessful.</p> +<p class="author">C. FORBES.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page279" id= +"page279"></a>{279}</span> +<p>"<i>Modum promissionis</i>."—Will any of your readers help +to interpret the following expression in a mediæval +author:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"(Ut vulgò loquitur) modum promissionis ostendit?"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I have reason to think that <i>modum promissionis</i> means "a +provisional arrangement:" but by whom, and in what common parlance, +was this expression used?</p> +<p class="author">C.W.B.</p> +<p><i>Roman Catholic Theology.</i>—Is there any work +containing a list of Roman Catholic theological works published in +the English language from the year 1558 to 1700?</p> +<p class="author">M.Y.A.H.</p> +<p><i>Wife of Edward the Outlaw.</i>—Can any of your +correspondents inform me who was the wife of Edward the Outlaw, and +consequently mother of Margaret of Scotland, and ancestress of the +kings of England?</p> +<p>The account adopted by most historians is that Canute, in 1017, +sent the two sons of Edmund Ironside to the king of Denmark, whence +they were transferred to Solomon, king of Hungary, who gave his +sister to the eldest; and, on his death without issue, married the +second Edward to Agatha, daughter of the Emperor Henry II. (or, in +some accounts, Henry III., or even, in Grafton's <i>Chronicles</i>, +called Henry IV.), and sister to his own queen.</p> +<p>That Edward the Outlaw returned to England in 1057, having had +five children, of whom three survived: Edgar; Margaret, who in 1067 +married King Malcolm of Scotland, and another daughter.</p> +<p>Now this account is manifestly incorrect. The Emperor Henry II. +died childless: when on his death-bed he restored his wife to her +parents, declaring that both he and she had kept their vows of +chastity.</p> +<p>Solomon did not ascend the throne of Hungary until 1063, in +which year he had also married Sophia, daughter of the Emperor +Henry III.; but this monarch (who was born in October, 1017, +married his first wife in 1036, who died, leaving one child, in +1038 and his second wife in November 1043) could not be the +grandfather of the five children of Edward the Outlaw, born prior +to 1057.</p> +<p>The <i>Saxon Chronicle</i> says, that Edward married Agatha the +emperor's cousin.</p> +<p class="author">E.H.Y.</p> +<p><i>Conde's "Arabs in Spain"</i>.—In Professor de +Vericour's <i>Historical Analysis of Christian Civilisation</i>, +just published, it is stated (p. 499.) that Conde's <i>Arabs in +Spain</i> has been translated into English. I have never met with a +translation, and fancy that the Professor has made a mistake. Can +any of your correspondents decide? I know that a year or two ago, +Messrs. Whittaker announced that a translation would form part of +their <i>Popular Library</i>; but for some reason (probably +insufficient support) it never appeared. Query, Might not Mr. Bohn +with advantage include this work in his <i>Standard +Library</i>?</p> +<p class="author">IOTA.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>REPLIES.</h2> +<h3>CAVE'S HISTORIA LITERARIA.</h3> +<p>I do not know whether the notices respecting Cave's <i>Historia +Literaria</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 230. 255.) hold out any prospect of a +new edition. It is much to be desired; and as it may be done at +some time or other, you will perhaps allow me to make a Note of a +circumstance which accidentally came to my knowledge, and should be +known to any future editor. It is simply this: in the second volume +of the Oxford edition of 1740, after the three dissertations, +&c., there are fifteen pages, with a fresh pagination of their +own, entitled, "Notæ MSS. et Accessiones <i>Anonymi</i> ad +Cavei Historiam Literariam, Codicis Margini adscriptæ, in +Bibliotheca Lambethana. Manus est plane Reverendiss. <i>Thomæ +Tenison</i>, Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi." Not to occupy more of +your valuable space than is necessary, I will merely observe that +the "Anonymus" was not Archbishop Tenison, but Henry Wharton. There +can be no doubt in the mind of any person acquainted with the +handwriting of the parties; and to those to whom such a notice is +likely to be of any use at all, it is unnecessary to say that the +difference is important. I need scarcely add, that if ever a new +edition is undertaken, Wharton's books and papers, and other things +in the Lambeth collection of MSS., should be examined.</p> +<p class="author">S.R. MAITLAND.</p> +<p><i>Cave's Historia Literaria</i> (Vol ii., p. 230.).—</p> +<p>1. London, 1688-1698, 2 vols. folio. This was the first edition. +A curious letter from Cave to Abp. Tenison respecting the +assistance which H. Wharton furnished to this work is printed in +Chalmers' <i>Biog. Dict.</i>, vol. xxxi. p. 343.</p> +<p>2. Geneva, 1693, folio.</p> +<p>3. ———, 1694, folio.</p> +<p>4. ———, 1705, folio.</p> +<p>5. Coloniæ Allobrogum, 1720, folio.</p> +<p>6. Oxon. 1740-43, 2 vols. folio. Dr. Waterland rendered +important aid in bringing out this edition, which Bp. Marsh +pronounces "the best." It seems from some letters of Waterland's to +John Loveday, Esq. (works by Van Mildert, 1843, vol. vi. p. +423-436.), that Chapman, a petty canon of Windsor, was the +editor.</p> +<p>7. Basil, 1741-5, 2 vols. folio. This is said to be an exact +reprint from the Oxford edition.</p> +<p>Watt and Dr. Clarke mention an edition, 1749, 2 vols. folio; but +I cannot trace any copy of such edition.</p> +<p class="author">JOHN I. DREDGE.</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page280" id= +"page280"></a>{280}</span> +<h3>SIR GAMMER VANS.</h3> +<p>In reply to C.'s inquiry (Vol. ii., p. 89.) as to a comic story +about one <i>Sir Gammer Vans</i>, I have pleasure in communicating +what little information I have on the subject. Some years ago, when +I was quite a boy, the story was told me by an Irish clergyman, +since deceased. He spoke of it as an old Irish tradition, but did +not give his authority for saying so. The story, as he gave it, +contained no allusion to an "aunt" or "mother." I do not know +whether it will be worthy of publication: but here it is, and you +can make what use of it you like:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Last Sunday morning at six o'clock in the evening, as I was +sailing over the tops of the mountains in my little boat, I met two +men on horseback riding on one mare: so I asked them 'Could they +tell me whether the little old woman was dead yet, who was hanged +last Saturday week for drowning herself in a shower of feathers?' +They said they could not positively inform me, but if I went to Sir +Gammar Vans he could tell me all about it. 'But how am I to know +the house?' said I. 'Ho, 'tis easy enough,' said they, 'for it's a +brick house, built entirely of flints, standing alone by itself in +the middle of sixty or seventy others just like it.' 'Oh, nothing +in the world is easier,' said I. 'Nothing <i>can</i> be easier,' +said they: so I went on my way. Now this Sir G. Vans was a giant, +and bottlemaker. And as all giants, who <i>are</i> bottlemakers, +usually pop out of a little thumb bottle from behind the door, so +did Sir G. Vans. 'How d'ye do?' says he. 'Very well, thank you,' +says I. 'Have some breakfast with me?' 'With all my heart,' says I. +So he gave me a slice of beer, and a cup of cold veal; and there +was a little dog under the table that picked up all the crumbs. +'Hang him,' says I. 'No, don't hang him,' says he; 'for he killed a +hare yesterday. And if you don't believe me, I'll show you the hare +alive in a basket.' So he took me into his garden to show me the +curiosities. In one corner there was a fox hatching eagle's eggs; +in another there was an iron apple tree, entirely covered with +pears and lead; in the third there was the hare which the dog +killed yesterday alive in the basket; and in the fourth there were +twenty-four <i>hipper switches</i> threshing tobacco, and at the +sight of me they threshed so hard that they drove the plug through +the wall, and through a little dog that was passing by on the other +side. I, hearing the dog howl, jumped over the wall; and turned it +as neatly inside out as possible, when it ran away as if it had not +an hour to live. Then he took me into the park to show me his deer: +and I remembered that I had a warrant in my pocket to shoot venison +for his majesty's dinner. So I set fire to my bow, poised my arrow, +and shot amongst them. I broke seventeen ribs on one side, and +twenty-one and a half on the other: but my arrow passed clean +through without ever touching it, and the worst was I lost my +arrow; however, I found it again in the hollow of a tree. I felt +it: it felt clammy. I smelt it; it smelt honey. 'Oh, ho!' said I, +'here's a bee's nest,' when out sprung a covey of partridges. I +shot at them; some say I killed eighteen, but I am sure I killed +thirty-six, besides a dead salmon which was flying over the bridge, +of which I made the best apple pie I ever tasted."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Such is the story: I can answer for its general accuracy. I am +quite at sea as to the meaning and orthography of "hipper +switches,"—having heard, not seen, the story.</p> +<p class="author">S.G.</p> +<p>Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>THE COLLAR OF SS.</h3> +<h4>(Vol. ii., pp. 89. 194. 248.)</h4> +<p>The Collar of SS. "is to this day a mystery to the most learned +and indefatigable antiquaries," according to Mr. Planché, in +his valuable little work on <i>The History of British Costume</i>: +what has appeared in "NOTES AND QUERIES" certainly has not cleared +away the obscurity. ARMIGER tells us (Vol. ii., p. 195.): "As to +the derivation of the name of the collar from <i>Soverayne</i>; +from St. Simplicius; from the martyrs of Soissons (viz. St. Crespin +and St. Crespinian, upon whose anniversary the battle of Agincourt +was fought); from the Countess of Salisbury; from the word +<i>Souvenez</i>; and, lastly, from Seneschallus or Steward, (which +latter is MR. NICHOLS' notion)—they may be regarded as mere +monkish (?) or heraldic gossip." If the monastic writers had spoken +anything on the matter, a doubt never would have existed: but none +of them has even hinted at it. Never having seen the articles in +the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, I do not know MR. NICHOLS' reasons +for supposing "Seneschallus or Steward" could have furnished an +origin of the SS.; but I am at loss to think of any grounds upon +which such a guess could rest. From the searches I have made upon +this question, it seems to me that these SS. are taken as a short +way of expressing the "SANCTUS, SANCTUS, SANCTUS" of the Salisbury +liturgy and ritual. I hope soon to be able to lay before the public +the documents out of which I draw this opinion, in a note to the +third and forthcoming volume of <i>The Church of our +Fathers</i>.</p> +<p class="author">D. ROCK.</p> +<p><i>Collar of SS.</i>—To your list of persons <i>now</i> +privileged to wear these collars, I beg to add her Majesty's +serjeant trumpeter, Thomas Lister Parker, Esq., to whom a silver +collar of SS. has been granted. It is always worn by him or his +deputy on state occasions.</p> +<p class="author">THOMAS LEWIS,</p> +<p>Acting Serjeant Trumpeter. 34. Mount Street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>JOACHIN, THE FRENCH AMBASSADOR.</h3> +<h4>(Vol. ii., p. 229.)</h4> +<p>Your correspondent AMICUS will I fear find very little +information about this mysterious person in the writers of French +history of the time. <span class="pagenum"><a name="page281" id= +"page281"></a>{281}</span> He is thus mentioned in Cavendish's +<i>Life of Wolsey</i> (ed. 1825, vol. i. p. 73.):—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The French king lying in his camp, sent secretly into England a +privy person, a very witty man, to entreat of a peace between him +and the king our sovereign lord, whose name was John Joachin; he +was kept as secret as might be, that no man had intelligence of his +repair; for he was no Frenchman, but an Italian born, a man before +of no estimation in France, or known to be in favour with his +master, but to be a merchant; and for his subtle wit, elected to +entreat of such affairs as the king had commanded him by embassy. +This Joachin, after his arrival here in England, was secretly +conveyed unto the king's manor of Richmond, and there remained +until Whitsuntide; at which time the cardinal resorted thither, and +kept there the said feast very solemnly. In which season my lord +caused this Joachin divers times to dine with him, whose talk and +behaviour seemed to be witty, sober, and wondrous discreet."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>My note on this passage says:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The name of this person was Giovanni Joacchino Passano, a +Genoese; he was afterwards called Seigneur de Vaux. The emperor, it +appears, was informed of his being in England, and for what +purpose. The cardinal stated that Joacchino came over as a +merchant; and that as soon as he discovered himself to be sent by +the lady regent of France, he made De Præt (the emperor's +ambassador) privy thereto, and likewise of the answer given to her +proposals. The air of mystery which attached to this mission +naturally created suspicion; and, after a few months, De +Præt, in his letters to the emperor, and to Margaret, +governess of the Netherlands, expressed his surmise that all was +not right, alleging his reasons. His letters were intercepted by +the cardinal, and read before the council. Charles and Margaret +complained of the insult, and the cardinal explained as well as he +could: at the same time protesting against the misinterpretation of +De Præt, and assuring them that nothing could be further from +his wish than that any disunion should arise between the king his +master and the emperor; and notwithstanding the suspicious aspect +of this transaction, his dispatches, both before and after this +fracas, strongly corroborate his assertions. Wolsey suspected that +the Pope was inclined toward the cause of Francis, and reminded him +of his obligations to Henry and Charles. The Pope had already taken +the alarm, and had made terms with the French king, but had +industriously concealed it from Wolsey, and at length urged in his +excuse that he had no alternative. Joacchino was again in England +upon a different mission, and was an eye-witness of the melancholy +condition of the cardinal when his fortunes were reversed. He +sympathised with him, and interested himself for him with Francis +and the queen dowager, as appears by his letters published in +<i>Legrand, Histoire du Divorce de Henry VIII</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I think it is from this interesting book, which throws much +light upon many of the intricate passages of the history of the +times, that I derived my information. It is in all respects a work +worth consulting.</p> +<p class="author">S.W. SINGER.</p> +<h3>REMAINS OF JAMES II.</h3> +<h4>(Vol. ii., p. 243.).</h4> +<p>The following passage is transcribed from a communication +relative to the Scotch College at Paris, made by the Rev. H. +Longueville Jones to the <i>Collectanea Topographica et +Genealogica</i>, 1841, vol. vii. p. 33.:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The king left his brains to this college; and, it used to be +said, other parts, but this is more doubtful, to the Irish and +English colleges at Paris. His heart was bequeathed to the Dames de +St. Marie at Chaillot, and his entrails were buried at St. +Germain-en-Laye, where a handsome monument has been erected to his +memory by order of George IV.; but the body itself was interred in +the monastery of English Benedictine Monks that once existed in the +Rue du Faubourg St. Jacques, close to the Val de Grace. In this +latter house, previous to the Revolution, the following simple +inscription marked where the monarch's body lay:—</p> +<p>"'CI GIST JACQUES II. ROI DE LA GRANDE BRETAGNE.'"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>A monument to the king still exists in the chapel of the Scotch +College (which is now leased to a private school), and the +inscription, in Latin, written by James, Duke of Perth, is printed +in the same volume of <i>Collectanea</i>, p. 35., followed by all +the other inscriptions to James's adherents now remaining in that +chapel.</p> +<p>In a subsequent communication respecting the Irish College at +Paris, made by the same gentleman, and printed in the same volume, +at p. 113. are these remarks:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"It is not uninteresting to add, that the body of James II. was +brought to this college after the destruction of the English +Benedictine Monastery adjoining the Val de Grace; and remained for +some years in a temporary tomb in one of the lecture halls, then +used as the chapel. It was afterwards removed; by whose authority, +and to what place, is not exactly known: but it is considered not +improbable that it was transported to the church of St. +Germain-en-Laye, and there buried under the monument erected by +George IV. Some additional light will probably be thrown on this +subject, in a work on the Stuarts now in course of +compilation."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Has this work since appeared?</p> +<p class="author">J.G.N.</p> +<p><i>Interment of James II.</i>—I remember reading in the +French papers, in the year 1823 or 1824, a long account of the then +recent exhumation and re-interment in another spot of the remains +of James II. I was but a boy at the time, and neglected to make a +"Note", which might now be valuable to you. I have not the least +doubt, however, that the fact will be discovered on reference to a +file of the <i>Etoile</i>, or any other of the Paris papers of one +or other of the years above named.</p> +<p>There is a marble monument erected in memory of James, in the +chapel of the old Scotch College, in the Rue des Fossés +Saint Victor. An urn of bronze, gilt, containing the king's brains, +formerly <span class="pagenum"><a name="page282" id= +"page282"></a>{282}</span> stood on the crown of this monument. The +urn was smashed and the contents scattered over the ground, during +the French Revolution. A much more important loss to posterity was +incurred by the destruction of the manuscripts entrusted by James +to the keeping of the brotherhood he loved. The trust is alluded to +with mingled pride and affection in the noble and touching +inscription on the royal monument.</p> +<p class="author">J.D.</p> +<p>Earl's Court, Kensington.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>HANDFASTING.</h3> +<h4>(Vol. ii., p. 151.)</h4> +<p>Your correspondent J.M.G. has brought forward a curious subject, +and one well deserving attention and illustration. A fair is said +to have been held at the meeting of the Black and White Esks, at +the foot of Eskdalemuir, in Dumfriesshire, when the singular custom +of <i>Handfasting</i> was observed. The old statistical account of +the parish says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"At that fair it was the custom for unmarried persons of both +sexes to choose a companion according to their liking, whom they +were to live with till <i>that time next year</i>. This was called +<i>handfasting</i>, or hand-in-fist. If they were pleased with each +other at that time, then they continued together for life; if not, +they separated, and were free to make another choice as at the +first."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>John Maxwell, Esq., of Broomholm, in a letter (dated April 15th, +1796) to the Rev. Wm. Brown, D.D., of Eskdalemuir, says, in +reference to this custom:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"No account can be given of the period at which the custom of +<i>handfasting</i> commenced; but I was told by an old man, John +Murray, who died at the farm of Irvine (as you go from Langholm to +Canobie), and had formerly been a proprietor in Eskdaldemuir, that +he was acquainted with, or at least had seen an old man, I think +his name was Beattie, who was grandson to a couple who had been +handfasted. You perhaps know that <i>the children born under the +handfasting engagement were reckoned lawful children, and not +bastards</i>, though the parents did afterwards resile. This custom +of handfasting does not seem to have been peculiar to your parish. +Mention is made in some histories of Scotland that Robert II. was +<i>handfasted</i> to Elizabeth More before he married Euphemia +Ross, daughter of Hugh, Earl of that name, by both of whom he had +children; his eldest son John, by Elizabeth More, viz., King Robert +III., commonly called Jock Ferngyear, succeeded to the throne in +preference to the sons of Euphemia, his married wife. Indeed, after +Euphemia's death, he married his former handfasted wife +Elizabeth."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Sir J. Chardin observes that contracts for temporary wives are +frequent in the East, which contracts are made before the Cadi with +the formality of a measure of corn, mentioned over and above the +stipulated sum of money.</p> +<p>Baron du Tott's account of "Marriages by Capin," corroborated by +Eastern travellers, corresponds with the custom of +<i>Handfasting</i>. He says:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"There is another kind of marriage which, stipulating the return +to be made, fixes likewise the time when the divorce is to take +place. This contract is called <i>capin</i>: and, properly +speaking, is only an agreement between the parties to live together +<i>for such a price, during such a time</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This contract is a regular form of marriage, and is so regarded +generally in the East.</p> +<p>The Jews seem to have had a similar custom, which perhaps they +borrowed from the neighbouring nations; at least the connexion +formed by the prophet Hosea (chap. iii. 2.) bears a strong +resemblance to <i>Handfasting</i> and <i>Capin</i>.</p> +<p class="author">JARLTZBERG.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>ADAM OF BREMEN'S JULIN.</h3> +<p>In reply to V. from Belgravia (Vol. ii., p. 230.), I am +partially at a loss to know the exact bearing of his Query. Adam of +Bremen's account of Julin is no <i>legend</i>, nor does he mention +it at all as a <i>doomed city</i>. On the contrary, his description +is that of a flourishing emporium of commerce, for which purpose he +selects very strong superlatives, as in the following account +(<i>De Situ Damæ</i>, lib. ii. cap. ii.):</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Ultra Leuticos qui alio nomine Welzi dicuntur Oddera Flumen +occurrit; amnis dilectissimus Slavonicæ regionis. In cujus +ostro, qui Scythicas alludet paludes, nobilissima civitas Julinum +celeberrimam Barbaris et Græcis qui in circuitu præstet +stationem. De cujus præconio quia magna et vix credibilia +recitantur, volupe arbitror pauca inserere digna relata. Est sane +maxime omnium quas Europa claudit civitatum, quam incolunt Slavi +cum aliis gentibus Græcis et Barbaris. Nam et advenæ +Saxones parem cohabitandi legem acceperunt, si tamen +Christianitatis titulum ibi morantes non publicaverint. Omnes enim +adhuc paganicis ritibus aberrant, ceterum moribus et hospitalitate +nulla gens honestior aut benignior poterit inveniri. Urbs illa +mercibus omnium septentrionalium nationum locuples nihil non habet +jucundi et rari."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>As Adam is supposed to have been a native and a priest at +Magdeburg, whence he was translated by Archbishop Adalbert to a +benefice in the cathedral of Bremen, he must, from his comparative +proximity to the spot, be supposed a competent witness; and there +is not reason to suppose why he should not have been also a +creditable one. He died about 1072, and the <i>legends</i>, if any, +concerning this famous place, here described as the most extensive +in Europe, must have been subsequently framed.</p> +<p>For about one hundred years later (1184) we have from Helmold, +the parish priest of Bösan, a small village on the eastern +confines of Holstein, a repetition of Adam's words, for a place +which he calls <span class="pagenum"><a name="page283" id= +"page283"></a>{283}</span> "Veneta," but always in the past tense +as, "quondam fuit nobilissima civitas," etc.; so that it is plain +from that and his expression "excidium civitatis;" as well as, +"Hanc civitatem opulentissimam quidam Danorum rex, maxima classe +stipatus, fundetus evertisse refertur." The great question is, +Where was this great city? and, are the <i>Julin</i> of Adam and +the <i>Veneta</i> of Helmold identical? Both questions have given +rise to endless discussions amongst German archæologists. The +published maps, as late at least as the end of the last century, +had a note at a place in the Baltic, opposite to the small town of +Demmin, in Pomerania:—"Hic Veneta emporium olim celeberr. +æquar. æstu absorpt." Many, perhaps the majority, of +recent writers contend for the town of Wallin, which gives its name +to one of the islands by which the Stettin Haff is +formed,—though the slight verbal conformity seems to be their +principal ground; for no <i>rudera</i>, no vestiges of ancient +grandeur now mark the spot, not even a tradition of former +greatness: whilst Veneta, which can only be taken to mean the +<i>civitas</i> of the Veneti, a nation placed by Tacitus on this +part of the coast, has a long unbroken chain of oral evidence in +its favour, as close to Rugen; and, if authentic records are to be +credited, ships have been wrecked in the last century on ancient +moles or bulwarks, which then rose nearly to the surface from the +submerged ruins. But the subject is much too comprehensive for the +compressed notices of your miscellany. I hope to have shortly an +opportunity of treating the subject at large in reference to the +Schiringsheal which Othere described to King Alfred, about two +hundred years earlier.</p> +<p>An edition of Adam and Helmold is very desirable in England, +even in a translations as a part of Bohn's <i>Antiquarian +Series</i>.</p> +<p class="author">WILLIAM BELL, PH. D.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>Bess of Hardwick</i> (Vol. i., p. 276.).—The following +particulars in answer to this Query will, I hope, elicit some +further information from other quarters. I have, in my answer, +attempted to be as brief as possible.</p> +<p>John, the fifth recorded Hardwick, of Hardwick, left issue, by +Elizabeth Leake, six children: of whom JAMES (or John) was thrice +married, and died <i>sine prole</i>, and DOROTHY died an infant: +the four remaining daughters became coheiresses.</p> +<p>Of these MARY HARDWICK married (his first wife) Richard +Wingfield, of Wantisden, seventh son of Sir Anthony Wingfield, of +Letheringham, co. Suffolk, K.G. His will was proved in London 14th +August, 1591. Their eldest son <i>Henry</i> was of Crowfield, co. +Suffolk. His great-grandson, <i>Harbottle Wingfield</i>, of +Crowfield, was living 1644, and his descendants, if any, may +quarter Hardwick. Their second son, <i>Anthony Wingfield</i>, was +the well-known Greek reader to Queen Elizabeth; and their third +son, <i>Sir John Wingfield</i>, married Susan Bertie, Countess +Dowager of Kent, and left <i>Peregrin Wingfield</i>, of whom +nothing is recorded.</p> +<p>JANE HARDWICK, next daughter, married Godfrey Bosvile of +Gunthwaite and Beighton, co. Ebor. His will is dated 22nd July, +1580. Their eldest child, <i>Francis Bosvile</i>, left only +daughter, Grace Bosvile, who died young. His three sisters became +coheirs, but the estate of Gunthwaite went to an uncle, ancestor of +the present Godfrey Bosvile, Lord Macdonald. Of these sisters, +<i>Frances Bosvile</i> married John Savile; <i>Dorothy Bosvile</i>, +John Lacy; and <i>Elizabeth Bosvile</i>, John Copley: either they +had no children, or these died young. <i>Mary Bosvile</i>, the +second daughter and coheir, married Richard Burdett, of Derby, +living 1612. Their son, <i>George Burdett</i>, had by his first +wife a son, whose issue failed; and by his second wife two +daughters, eventually coheirs.</p> +<p>Of these. <i>Mary Burdett</i> married, first, Richard +Pilkington, and second, Sir T. Beaumont, of Whitby: and <i>another +sister</i> married—Ramsden. No issue of either are recorded. +The third sister, <i>Elizabeth Burdett</i>, married, at Hoyland, +6th Feb., 1636, the Rev. Daniel Clark, A.M., and died 27th Aug., +1679, at Fenney-Compton. Their great-grandson and sole male +representative was the late <i>Joseph Clark</i> of Northampton, +whose descendants also quarter Hardwick.</p> +<p>ELIZABETH HARDWICK, the next daughter, was the celebrated +Countess of Shrewsbury. Her <i>representatives</i> are all noble, +and their pedigrees may be found in the Peerages. They +are—</p> +<p>1. <i>The Duke of Devonshire</i>, representing Wm. Cavendish, +first earl.</p> +<p>Certain descendants of Sir Charles Cavendish, of Welbeck Abbey, +or rather of his grandson, Henry, second Duke of Newcastle, +namely,</p> +<p>2. The <i>Duke of Portland</i>, representing Margaret Pelham, +the Duke's eldest coheir;</p> +<p>3. The <i>Marquis of Salisbury</i> from Catherine, and second +coheir;</p> +<p>4. The <i>Earl De la Warr</i>; and</p> +<p>5. The <i>Earl of Aboyne</i>, are the coheirs of Sir Charles +Cope, Baronet, of Orton; who represented Arabella, Countess of +Sunderland, third coheir. These five all quarter Hardwick.</p> +<p>ALICE HARDWICK, next daughter, married Francis Hercy, according +to some pedigrees. No issue recorded.</p> +<p>There are therefore descendants certainly known of only two of +the children of John Hardwick. Possibly some of your correspondents +can supply those of Wingfield and Hercy.</p> +<p>The crest and arms of the Hardwicks may be found in Edmondson. +They only quartered Pynchbeke. I am not aware of any motto.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page284" id= +"page284"></a>{284}</span> +<p>Miss Costello, and other biographers of the Countess of +Shrewsbury, have quite overlooked all the descendants of her +sisters. Possibly, should these lines meet the eye of the Duke of +Devonshire, who possesses the estates and papers of the Hardwicks, +it may lead to more particulars concerning the family being made +public.</p> +<p class="author">ERMINE.</p> +<p>Torquay.</p> +<p><i>Quotations in Bishop Andrewes</i> (Vol. ii., p. +245.).—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Minutuli et patellares Dei."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>is from Plautus:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Di me omnes magni minutique et patellarii."</p> +<p><i>Cistell.</i> II. 1. 46.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>and</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Sed quæ de septem totum circumspicit orbem</p> +<p>Collibus, imperii Roma Deumque locus."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>is from Ovid (<i>Trist</i>. I. 5. 69.).</p> +<p class="author">J.E.B MAYOR.</p> +<p>Marlborough College.</p> +<p><i>The Sun Feminine in English</i> (Vol. ii., p. 21).—MR. +COX may perhaps be pleased to learn <i>why</i> the northern nations +made the sun feminine. The ancient Germans and Saxons—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"When they discovered how the sun by his heat and influence +excited venereal love in creatures subserviant to his dominion, +they then varied his sex, and painted him like a woman, because in +them that passion is most impotent, and yet impetuous; on her head +they placed a myrtle crown or garland to denote her dominion, and +that love should be alwaies verdant as the myrtle; in one hand she +supported the world, and in the other three golden apples, to +represent that the world and its wealth are both sustained by love. +The three golden apples signified the threefold beauty of the sun, +exemplified in the morning, meridian, and evening; on her breast +was lodged a burning torch, to insinuate to us the violence of the +flame of love which scorches humane hearts."—<i>Philipot's +Brief and Historical Discourse of the Original and Growth of +Heraldry</i>, pp. 12, 13. London, 1672.</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">T.H. KERSLEY</p> +<p>King William's College, Isle of Man.</p> +<p><i>Carpatio</i> (Vol. ii., p. 247.).—Your Querist must be +little versed in early Italian art, not to know that Vittore +Carpaccio (such is the correct spelling) was one of the morning +stars of the Venetian school; and his search must have been +somewhat careless, as Carpaccio and his works are fully described +in Kugler's <i>Handbook</i>, p. 149., and in Lanzi. Some exquisite +figures of his, of which Mrs. Jameson has given a St. Stephen in +her <i>Legendary Art</i>, exist in the Brera at Milan. He is a +painter not sufficiently known in England, but one whom it may be +hoped the Arundel Society will introduce by their engravings. I +cannot assist J.G.N. in explaining the subject of his engraving. +May <i>Cornubioe</i> be by error for <i>Cordubioe</i>?</p> +<p class="author">CLERICUS.</p> +<p><i>The Character</i> "&".—This character your +correspondent will at once see is only the Latin word "et", written +in a flourishing form; as we find it repeated in the abbreviation +"&c.," for "et cetera". Its adoption as a contraction for the +English word "and", arose, no doubt, from the facility of its +formation; and the name it acquired was "and-per se-and", "and by +itself and," which is easily susceptible of the corruptions noticed +by MR. LOWER.</p> +<p class="author">[Greek: PHI].</p> +<p><i>Walrond Family</i> (Vol. ii., p. 206.).—Burke, in his +<i>History of the Commoners</i>, only gives the name of George, +<i>one</i> of the sons of Colonel Humphry Walrond. He also states +that the colonel married <i>Elizabeth</i>, daughter of Nathaniel +Napier, Esq., of More Critchel. Now Colonel Walrond appears from +his petition (Royalist Comp. Papers, State Paper Office) dated 12th +February, 1648, addressed to the Commissioners for Compounding with +Delinquents, to have had <i>nine</i> other children then living. He +states: "Thus his eldest sonne George Walrond did absente himselfe +for a short time from his father's house, and went into the king's +army, where he unfortunately lost his right arme. That he having no +estate at present, and but little in expectancy after his father's +death, <i>he having ten</i> children, and all <i>nine</i> to be +provided for out of y'e petitioner's small estate." In a similar +petition, dated about two years later, from "<i>Grace</i>, the wife +of Humphry Walrond, of Sea, in the county of Somerset, Esquire," +she states "herself to be weake woman, and <i>having</i> TEN +children (whereof many are infants) to maintain." That he was +married to this <i>Grace</i>, and <i>not to Elizabeth</i> (as +stated by Burke), as early as 1634, is clear from a licence to +alienate certain lands at Ilminster, 10 Ch. I. (<i>Pat. +Rolls</i>.)</p> +<p>That they were both living in 1668 is proved by a petition in +the State Paper Office (Read in Council, Ap. 8, 1688. Trade Papers, +Verginia, No. I. A.):—"To the King's most excellent Ma'tie +and the rt. hon'ble the Lords of his Maj. most hon'ble Privy +Councel," from "Grace, the wife of Humphry Walrond, Esq." In this +petition she states that her husband had been very severely +prosecuted by Lord Willoughby, whose sub-governor he had been in +Barbadoes. "He had contracted many debts by reason of his loyalty +and suffering in the late troubles, to the loss of at least thirty +thousand pounds." "That his loyalty and sufferings are notoriously +known, both in this kingdom and the Barbadoes, where he was +banished for proclaiming your Ma'tie after the murder of your royal +father." Colonel Walrond is mentioned by Clarendon, Rushworth, +Whitelock, &c.; but of the date of his death, the maiden name +of his wife, and the Christian names of all his ten children, I can +find no account.</p> +<p>The arms S.S.S. inquires about on the monument <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page285" id="page285"></a>{285}</span> of +Humphry Walrond, Esq., in Ilminster Church, are those of the family +of Brokehampton. Humphry Walrond (who died 1580) married Elizabeth, +daughter and coheir of John Brokehampton., of Sea, and so obtained +that estate.</p> +<p class="author">W. DOWNING BRUCE.</p> +<p>Middle Temple.</p> +<p><i>Blackguard</i> (Vol. ii., p. 134.).—An early instance +of the use of this word occurs in a letter from Richard Topcliffe +(Aug. 30, 1578), printed in Lodge's <i>Illustrations</i>, vol. ii. +p. 188. I quote from Mr. Jardine's <i>Criminal Trials</i>, vol. ii. +p. 13.: "His house, Euston, far unmeet for her Highness, but fitter +for the <i>Black Guard</i>."</p> +<p>It also occurs in Fuller's <i>Church History</i> (Book ix. cent. +xvi. sect. vii. § 35. vol. v. p. 160. ed. Brewer):—"For +who can otherwise conceive but such a prince-principal of darkness +must be proportionably attended with a <i>black guard</i> of +monstrous opinions?"</p> +<p class="author">J.E.B. MAYOR.</p> +<p><i>Scala Coeli</i> (Vol. i., pp. 366. 402. +455.).—Maundrell mentions, "at the coming out of Pilate's +house, a descent, where was anciently the <i>Scala Sancta</i>." +(<i>Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem</i>, p. 107.) This holy or +heavenly stair was that by which the Redeemer was led down, by +order of Pilate, according to the legend, and afterwards was, among +other relics, carried to Rome. It is now in the Church of St. John +Lateran, whither it is said to have been brought by St. Helena from +Jerusalem. Pope Alexander Vl., and his successor Julius, granted to +the Chapel of St. Mary built by King Henry VII., in Westminster +Abbey—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Easdem indulgencias et peccatorum remissiones ... quas +Celebrantes pro Defunctis in Capellâ <i>Scala Coeli</i> +nuncupatâ in Ecclesiâ Trium Fontium extra muros Urbis +Cisterciensis Ordinis ... consequuntur."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This indulgence of Pope Julius was dated in the year 1504; and +its intention of drawing thither pilgrims and offerings was fully +realised, we may believe: for in the year 1519 we find the +brotherhood of St. Mary of Rouncevall by Charing Cross +paying:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"To the keper of Scala Celi in the Abby ... vjd."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>(See Rymer's <i>Foedera</i>, tom. v. pt. iv.; and Dugdale's +<i>Monasticon</i>, vol. i. p. 320.)</p> +<p class="author">MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. Oxon.</p> +<p><i>Sitting during the Lessons</i> (Vol. ii., p. 46.).—With +respect to L.'s Query respecting sitting during the Lessons, I can +venture no remarks; but the custom of standing during the reading +of the Gospel is very ancient. In the mass of St. Chrysostom the +priest exclaims, "Stand up, let us hear the holy Gospel." (Goar, +<i>Rituale Græcorum</i>, p. 69.) The same custom appears in +the Latin Liturgy of St. Basil:—"Cumque interpres Evangelii +dicit 'State cum timore Dei' convertitur Sacerdos ad occidentem," +etc. (<i>Renaudot</i>, vol. i. p. 7. Vide also "Liturgy of St. +Mark," <i>Ren</i>. vol. i. p. 126.) The edition of Renaudot's +<i>Liturgies</i> is the reprint in 1847.</p> +<p class="author">N.E.R. (a subscriber).</p> +<p><i>Sitting during the Lessons.</i>—There is no doubt, I +believe, that in former times the people stood when the minister +read the Lessons, to show their reverence. It is recorded in +Nehemiah, viii. 5.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"And Ezra opened the Book in the sight of all the people (for he +was above all the people), and when he opened it all the people +<i>stood</i> up."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Why this practice should have been altered, or why our Rubric +should be silent on this head, does not appear quite clear, though +I find in Wheatley (<i>On the Book of Common Prayer</i>, chap. vi. +sec. vi.) that which seems to me to be a very sufficient reason, if +not for the sitting during the Lessons, certainly for the standing +during the reading of the Gospel, and sitting during the +Epistle:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"In St. Augustine's time the people always stood when the +lessons were read, to show their reverence to God's holy word: but +afterwards, when this was thought too great a burden, they were +allowed to sit down at the lessons, and were only obliged to +<i>stand</i> at the reading of the Gospel; which always contains +something that Our Lord did speak, or suffered in His own person. +By which gesture they showed they had a greater respect to the Son +of God himself than they had to any other inspired person, though +speaking the word of God, and by God's authority."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">WALTER MONTAGUE</p> +<p><i>Aërostation, Works on</i> (Vol. ii., p. 199.).—To +the numerous list of works on Aërostation which will no doubt +be communicated to you in answer to the inquiry of C.B.M., I beg to +add the following small contribution:—</p> +<p>"Saggio Aereonautico di Giuseppe Donini Tifernate," 8vo. pp. 92. +With four large folding Plates. Firenze 1819.</p> +<p>Signor Donini also published in 1823 (in Citta di Castello per +il Donati) the following pamphlet:—</p> +<p>"Circolare Areonautico (sic) Guiseppe Dolini d Città di +Castello a tutti i dotti, e ricchi nazionali, stranieri. 8vo." pp. +16. Oxford.</p> +<p class="author">J.M.</p> +<p><i>Aërostation.</i>—Your correspondent C.B.M. (Vol. +ii., p. 199.) will find some curious matter of +<i>aërostation</i> in poor Colonel Maceroni's +<i>Autobiography</i>, 2 vols. 8vo.</p> +<p class="author">W.C.</p> +<p><i>Pole Money</i> (Vol. ii., p. 231.).—The "pole money" +alluded to in the extracts given by T.N.I., was doubtless the poll +tax, which was revived in the reign of Charles II. Every one +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page286" id= +"page286"></a>{286}</span> knows that at an earlier period of our +history it gave rise to Wat Tyler's insurrection. The tax was +reimposed several times during the reign of William III. and it +appears from a statement of the Lords in a conference which took +place with the Commons on the subject in the first of William's +reign, that the tax, previously to that time, was last imposed in +the 29th of Charles II.</p> +<p class="author">C. ROSS.</p> +<p><i>Wormwood Wine</i> (Vol. ii., p. 242.).—If, as MR. +SINGER supposes, "Eisell was absynthites, or wormwood wine, a +nauseously bitter medicament then much in use," Pepys' friends must +have had a very singular taste, for he records, on the 24th +November, 1660,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Creed and Shepley, and I, to the Rhonish wine house, and there +I did give them two quarts of wormwood wine."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Perhaps the beverage was doctored for the English market, and +rendered more palatable than it had been in the days of +Stuckius.</p> +<p class="author">BRAYBROOKE.</p> +<p><i>Darvon Gatherall</i> (Vol. ii., p. 199.).—Dervel Gadarn +(vulgarly miscalled Darvel Gatheren) was son or grandson of Hywel +or Hoel, son to Emyr of Britany. He was the founder of Llan-dervel +Church, in Merioneth, and lived early in the sixth century. The +destruction of his image is mentioned in the <i>Letters on the +Suppression of Monasteries</i>, Nos. 95. and 101. Some account of +it also exists in Lord Herbert's <i>Henry VIII.</i>, which I cannot +refer to. I was not aware his name had ever undergone such gross +and barbarous corruption as <i>Darvon Gatherall</i>.</p> +<p class="author">A.N.</p> +<p><i>Darvon Gatherall</i> (Vol. ii., p. 199.), or <i>Darvel +Gatheren</i>, is spoken of in Sir H. Ellis's <i>Original +Letters</i>, Series III., Letter 330. Hall's <i>Chronicle</i>, p. +826. ed. 1809.</p> +<p class="author">J.E.B. MAYOR.</p> +<p><i>Darvon Gatherall.</i>—I send you an extract from +Southey's <i>Common-place Book</i>, which refers to Darvon +Gatherall. Southey had copied it from Wordworth's <i>Ecclesiastical +Biography</i>, where it is given as quotation from Michael Wodde, +who wrote in 1554. He says:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Who could, twenty years agone, say the Lord's Prayer in +English?... If we were sick of the pestilence, we ran to St. Rooke: +if of the ague, to St. Pernel, or Master John Shorne. If men were +in prison, they prayed to St. Leonard. If the Welshman would have a +purse, he prayed to <i>Darvel Gathorne</i>. If a wife were weary of +a husband, she offered oats at Poules; at London, to St. +Uncumber."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Can any of your readers inform me who St. Uncumber was?</p> +<p class="author">PWCCA.</p> +<p class="note">[Poules is St. Paul's. The passage from Michael +Wodde is quoted in Ellis' <i>Brand</i>, vol. i. p. 202. edit. +1841.]</p> +<p><i>Angels' Visits</i> (Vol. i., p. 102.).—WICCAMECUS will +find in Norris's <i>Miscellanies</i>, in a poem "To the Memory of +my dear Neece, M.C." (Stanza X. p. 10. ed. 1692), the following +lines:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"No wonder such a noble mind</p> +<p>Her way to heaven so soon could find:</p> +<p>Angels, as 'tis but seldom they appear,</p> +<p>So neither do they make long stay;</p> +<p>They do but visit, and away."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Mr. Montgomery (<i>Christian Poet</i>) long ago compared this +passage with those cited by WICCAMECUS.</p> +<p class="author">J.E.B. MAYOR.</p> +<p><i>Antiquity of Smoking</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 41. 216.).—On +that interesting subject, "The Antiquity of Smoking," I beg to +contribute the following "Note," which I made some years ego, but +unfortunately without a reference to the author:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Some fern was evidently in use among the ancients: for +Athenæus, in his first book, quotes from the Greek poet, +Crobylus, these words:—</p> +</blockquote> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>[Greek:</p> +<p>'Kai ton larung haedista purio temachiois</p> +<p>Kaminos, ouk anthropos.']</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>'And I will sweetly burn my throat with cuttings:</p> +<p>A chimney, not a man!'</p> +</div> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p>"Now as, in a preceding line, the smoker boasts of his +'Idæan fingers,' it is plain that every man rolled up his +sharoot for himself."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">H.G.</p> +<p><i>Antiquity of Smoking</i> (Vol. ii., p. +216.).—<i>Herod</i>. lib. i. sec. 36. is referred to for some +illustration, I suppose, of smoking through tubes. <i>Herodotus</i> +supplies nothing: perhaps <i>Herodian</i> may be meant, though not +very likely. Herb smoking was probably in use in Europe long before +tobacco. But direct authority seems sadly wanting.</p> +<p class="author">SANDVICENSIS.</p> +<p>"<i>Noli me tangere</i>" (Vol. ii., pp. 153. 219. +250.).—In a New Testament published by the Portusian Bible +Society is a small ill-executed print, called "Christ appearing to +Mary," copied from a picture by C. Ciguani.</p> +<p class="author">WEDSECNARF.</p> +<p><i>Partrige Family</i> (Vol. ii., p. 230.).—Mr. Partrige's +reference to Strype's <i>Ecclesiastical Memorials</i> is quite +unintelligible to those who have not access to the Oxford +<i>reprint</i> of that work. The reprint (I wish that in all other +reprints a similar course was adopted) gives the paging of the +original folio edition. I submit, therefore, that Mr. Partrige +should have stated that the note he has made is from Strype's +<i>Ecclesiastical Memorials</i>, vol. ii. p. 310.</p> +<p>The grant to which Mr. Partrige refers is, I dare say, on the +Patent Roll, 7 Edw. VI., which may be inspected at the Public +Record Office, Rolls Chapel, on payment of a fee of 1<i>s.</i>, +with liberty to take a copy or extract in pencil gratuitously or a +plain copy may be obtained at the rate of 6<i>d.</i> a folio.</p> +<p>The act of 1 Mary, for the restitution in blood of the heirs of +Sir Miles Partrige, if not given in the <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page287" id="page287"></a>{287}</span> large +edition of the Statutes, printed by the Record Commissioners, may +no doubt be seen at the Parliament Office, near the House of Lords, +on payment of the fee of 5<i>s.</i></p> +<p>I believe I am correct in saying that no debates of that session +are extant; but the proceedings on the various bills may probably +be traced in the journals of the two Houses of Parliament, which +are printed and deposited in most of our great public +libraries.</p> +<p class="author">C.H. Cooper.</p> +<p>Cambridge, Sept. 7, 1850</p> +<p><i>City Offices.</i>—The best account of the different +public offices of the city of London, with their duties, etc., that +I know of, your correspondent A CITIZEN (Vol. ii., p. 216.) will +find in the <i>Reports of the Municipal Corporation +Commissioners</i>.</p> +<p class="author">W.C.</p> +<p><i>Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood</i> (Vol. ii., p. +266.).—The claim set up on behalf of Father Paul to the +honour of Harvey's discovery, which is noticed by your +correspondent W.W.B., is satisfactorily disposed of in the life of +Harvey in the <i>Biographia Britannica</i>, iv. 2548., note C. +Harvey gave a copy of his treatise <i>De Motu Cordis</i> to the +Venetian ambassador in England. On his return home the ambassador +lent the book to Father Paul, who made some extracts from it. After +Father Paul's death, he was thought to be the author of these +extracts and hence the story which your correspondent quotes. It +might occasionally be convenient if your correspondents could make +<i>a little</i> inquiry before they send off their letters to +you.</p> +<p class="author">Beruchino.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MISCELLANEOUS.</h2> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> +<p>All who love the shady side of Pall Mall, and agree with Dr. +Johnson that the tide of human enjoyment flows higher at Charing +Cross than in any other part of the globe, will gladly welcome Mr. +Jesse's recently published volumes entitled <i>London and its +Celebrities</i>. They are pleasant, gossiping and suggestive, and +as the reader turns over page after page of the historical +recollections and personal anecdotes which are associated with the +various localities described by Mr. Jesse, he will doubtless be +well content to trust the accuracy of a guide whom he finds so +fluent and so intelligent, and approve rather than lament the +absence of those references to original authorities which are +looked for in graver histories. The work is written after the style +of Saint Foix' <i>Rues de Paris</i>, which Walpole once intended to +imitate; and is executed with a tact which will no doubt render it +very acceptable to those for whom it has been written, namely those +persons whose avocations of business or pleasure lead them to +traverse the thoroughfares of the great metropolis; and to whom it +points out in a manner which we have correctly designated +gossiping, pleasant, and suggestive, "such sites and edifices as +have been rendered classical by the romantic or literary +associations of past times."</p> +<p>Messrs. Williams and Norgate have forwarded to us a Catalog of +an extensive Collection of Books, the property of a distinguished +physician, which are to be sold by auction in Berlin on the 21st of +October. The library, which was forty years in forming, is +remarkable for containing, besides numerous rare works in Spanish, +Italian, French, and English Literature, a curious series of works +connected with the American aborigines; and a most extensive +collection of works on the subjects of Prison Discipline, Poor +Laws, and those other great social questions which are now exciting +such universal attention.</p> +<p>We have received the following Catalogues: J. Miller's (43. +Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square) Catalogue No. 11, for 1850 of +Books Old and New, including a large Number of scarce and curious +Works on Ireland, its Antiquities, Topography, and History; W. +Heath's (29-1/2. Lincoln's Inn Fields) Catalogue No. 5. for 1850 of +Valuable Second-hand Books in all Departments of Literature.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> +<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE</h4> +<p>TRANSLATION OF THE FRENCH LETTERS IN THE APPENDIX TO FOX'S +HISTORY OF JAMES II. 4to. 1808 HUTTON'S (W.) ROMAN WALL, 8vo. +1801</p> +<p>—— BARBERS, a Poem. 8vo. 1793 (Genuine edition, not +the facsimile copy.)</p> +<p>—— EDGAR AND ELPRIDA, 8vo. 1794</p> +<h3>Odd Volumes.</h3> +<p>BEYAN'S DICTIONARY OF PAINTERS AND ENGRAVERS, 4to. London, 1816. +Vol. I.</p> +<p>SULLY'S MEMOIRS, Eight Volumes in French. London, 1763. Vol. II +LES AVENTURES DE GIL BLAS. London, 1749. Vols. I and II.</p> +<p>Letters, stating particulars and lowest prices, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to Mr. Dell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," +186 Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> +<p><i>Volume the First of Notes and Queries, with Title-page and +very copius Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and +may be had, by order, of all Booksellers and newsmen.</i></p> +<p><i>The Monthly Part for September, being the Fourth of Vol. II, +is also now ready, price 1s.</i></p> +<p><i>Notes and Queries may be procured by the Trade at noon on +Friday: so that our country Subscribers ought to experience no +difficulty in receiving it regularly. Many of the country +Booksellers are probably not yet aware of this arrangement, which +enables them to receive Copies in their Saturday parcels.</i></p> +<p><i>S.G. (C.C. Coll., Camb.), who writes respecting the History +of Edward II., is refered to our First Volume, pp. 59. 91. +220.</i></p> +<p>A Student of History. <i>The Oxford Chronological Tables +published by Talboys, and now to be had of Bohn, Henrietta Street, +Covent Garden, at the reduced price of One Guinea, is, we believe, +the best work of the kind referred to by our correspondent.</i></p> +<p>S.S. <i>The Query respecting Pope's lines</i>,—"Welcome +the coming, speed the parting guest," <i>has been answered. See</i> +No. 42. p. 188.</p> +<hr class="adverts" /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page288" id= +"page288"></a>{288}</span> +<p>ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.</p> +<p>26. Suffolk Street, Pall Mall, Sept. 23, 1850.</p> +<p>At an ordinary meeting of the Central Committee of the +Archæological Institute, the President in the chair, it was +unanimously "Resolved—That the Committee, having taken into +consideration the Resolution of the British Archæological +Association, passed at their congress at Manchester, and also that +of their Council of the 4th of September, and communicated by the +President of the Association to the President of the Institute, are +of opinion that the position and prospects of the Institute are +such as to render inexpedient any essential modifications of it's +existing rules and managements.</p> +<p>"The Committee disclaim all unfriendly feeling towards the +Association: they are of opinion that the field of Archæology +is sufficiently wide for the operations of several societies +without discord; but if the members of the Archæological +Association should be disposed to unite with the Institute, the +Central Committee will cordially receive them on the terms +announced in their advertisement of September 9th, which was +intended to be conciliatory, feeling assured that such a course +cannot fail to meet with the entire approbation of the members of +the Institute."</p> +<p>By order of the Central Committee,</p> +<p>H. BOWYER LANE, <i>Secretary</i>.</p> +<hr /> +<p>THE QUARTERLY REVIEW,</p> +<p>No. CLXXIV., will be published on Wednesday, October 2nd.</p> +<p>CONTENTS:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>I. TICKNOR'S HISTORY OF SPANISH LITERATURE. II. CHURCH AND +EDUCATION IN WALES. III. FORMS OF SALUTATION. IV. SILURIA AND +CALIFORNIA. V. MORE ON THE LITERATURE OF GREECE. VI. METROPOLITAN +WATER SUPPLY. VII. ANECDOTES OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT. VIII. +COCHRANE'S YOUNG ITALY. IX. LAST DAYS OF LOUIS PHILIPPE.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Will be published on the 1st of November, 1850, with the other +Almanacks,</p> +<p>THE LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC REGISTER AND ALMANACK for 1850. +Price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>Dedicated by especial permission to H.R.H. Prince Albert, by +J.W.G. GUTCH, M.R.C.S L., F.L.S.;</p> +<p>Containing a condensed mass of scientific and useful information +alike valuable to the student and man of science.</p> +<p>Tenth Yearly issue.</p> +<p>Published by D. Bogue, Fleet Street, London.</p> +<hr /> +<p>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for OCTOBER will contain the following +articles:—</p> +<p>The Antiquities of Richborough, Reculver, and Lymne (with +Engravings)—Original Letters of Miss Jane Porter and Count +Suwarrow—Facts for a new Biographia Britannica—Origin +of Newspapers in Germany—Memoir of +Vauvanargues—Coronation Stone at Kingston-upon-Thames (with +an Engraving)—The Burkes not concerned in Junius—Works +of the Van Liugs in Painted Glass—Dr. Chalmers at +Glasgow—Great Literary Piracy in the Prayer-book of the +Ecclesiastical History Society—The new +One-Hundred-and-fifty-three-Volume Catalogue of the British Museum. +With Notes of the Month, Literary and Antiquarian Intelligence, +Historical Chronicle, and Obituary, including Memoirs of Louis +Philippe, Viscount Newark, Rt. Hon. C. Arbuthnot, Dr. Prout Dr. +Bromet, John Roby, Esq., John Brumell, Esq., &c., &c. Price +2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>NICHOLS AND SON, 25. Parliament-street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Now Ready, 8vo., 3<i>s.</i>,</p> +<p>AN EXAMINATION OF THE CENTURY QUESTION: to which is added, A +Letter to the Author of "Outlines of Astronomy," respecting a +certain peculiarity of the Gregorian System of Bissextile +compensation.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Judicio perpende: et si tibi vera videntur,</p> +<p>DEDE MANUS." Lucret.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Lately Published, 8vo., price 12<i>s.</i></p> +<p>SYNOPSIS Of the DOCTRINE of BAPTISM, REGENERATION, CONVERSION, +&c. From the Fathers and other Writers, to the End of the +Fourth Century by J.A. WICKHAM, Esq. With a PREFACE, by the Rev. +H.D. WICKHAM, M.A., late of Exeter College, Oxford.</p> +<p>"Without saying that such an elaborate Collection is necessary, +we may remark on its great utility, and express our hope that Mr. +Wickham's labours will be appreciated by the public. It is curious +that he should have begun, sixteen years ago, a compilation whose +publication is so very appropriate to the present +moment."—<i>Guardian</i>.</p> +<p>"As an editor Mr. Wickham has shown much good taste, patience, +and discernment. Further, he has written a very sensible +introductory chapter on the use and authority of the +Fathers".—<i>Church and State Gazette</i>.</p> +<p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>On the 1st of October, No. I., price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>DETAILS Of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE,</p> +<p>measured and drawn from existing Examples, by J.K. COLLING, +Architect. The work is intended to illustrate those features which +have not been given in Messrs. Brandon's "Analysis:" it will be +uniform with that work, and also the "Gothic Ornaments". Each +Number will contain five 4to. Plates, and be continued monthly.</p> +<p>D. BOGUE, Fleet Street: sold also by G. BELL, Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Preparing for Publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo.</p> +<p>THE FOLK-LORE Of ENGLAND. By WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary +of the Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances", "Lays and +Legends of all Nations," &c. One object of the present work is +to furnish new contributions to the History of our National +Folk-Lore, and especially some of the more striking Illustrations +of the subject to be found in the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other +Continental Antiquaries.</p> +<p>Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable +Customs and Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are +earnestly solicited, and will be thankfully acknowledged by the +Editor. They may be addressed to the care of Mr. BELL, Office of +"NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Edited by W.F. HOOK, D.D.—Now ready, Third and Cheaper +Edition, price 3<i>s.</i> cloth, 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> morocco,</p> +<p>VERSES FOR HOLY SEASONS. BY C.F.H., Author of "The Baron's +Little Daughters," "Moral Songs and Hymns for Little Children."</p> +<p>"An unpretending and highly useful book, suggestive of right +thoughts at the right season."—<i>English Journal of +Education</i>.</p> +<p>R. SLOCOMBE, Leeds; GEORGE BELL, London.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Just published, 3<i>s.</i> each plain; 4<i>s.</i> tinted. Parts +15. and 16. of</p> +<p>RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE, from Drawings by JOHN +JOHNSON Architect, F.S.A. Lithographed by Alfred Newman.</p> +<p>Contents:—</p> +<p>Hedon Church, Yorkshire; Desborough, Northamptonshire; Molton, +Lincolnshire; Bingham, Notts; Billingborough, Lincolnshire; St. +John Devizes, Wiltshire; Aumsby, Lincolnshire; Terrington St. +Clements, Norfolk.</p> +<p>To be completed in Twenty Parts.</p> +<p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK STRAW, Of NO. 8. New Street Square, at +No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of +London; and published by GEORGE BELL,, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in +the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, +Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, +September 28. 1850.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13463 ***</div> +</body> +</html> |