initial commit of ebook 13427HEADmain

1 files changed, 2359 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/old/13427.txt b/old/13427.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5b1fe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/13427.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2359 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 45, Saturday,
+September 7, 1850, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes & Queries, No. 45, Saturday, September 7, 1850
+       A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc.
+
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: September 10, 2004 [EBook #13427]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 45, ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team and The Internet Library of Early Journals,
+
+
+
+
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. 45.] SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       * {225}
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+NOTES:--
+  Folk Lore:--The first Mole in Cornwall--"A whistling
+    Wife," &c.--A Charm for Warts--Hanging out
+    the broom. 225
+  Lord Plunket and St. Agobard. 226
+  Notes on Cunningham's Handbook of London, By E.F.
+    Rimbault. 227
+  Notes on Coleridge's Aids to Reflection, by J.E.B.
+    Mayor. 228
+  Minor Notes:--Capture of Henry VI.--Notes from
+    Mentmore Register. 228
+
+QUERIES:--
+  Joachim, the French Ambassador. 229
+  Roman Catholic Translations of the Scriptures, &c. 229
+  Minor Queries:--The Lost Tribes--Partrige Family--Commoner
+    marrying a Peeress--The Character "&"--Combs buried with
+    the Dead--Cave's Historia Literaria--Julin--Richardson
+    Family--Arabic Name of Tobacco--Pole Money--Welsh Money--A
+    Skeleton in every House--Whetstone of Reproof--Morganatic
+    Marriages--Gospel of Distaffs. 230
+
+REPLIES:--
+  Poeta Anglicus. 232
+  Caxton's Printing-office, by J.G. Nichols. 233
+  The Use of Coffins, by Rev. A. Gatty. 234
+  Shakspeare's Use of the Word "Delighted". 234
+  Ventriloquism. 234
+  Replies to Minor Queries:--Earl of Oxford's Patent--The
+    Darby Ram--Rotten Row and Stockwell
+    Street--Hornbooks--Passages from Shakspeare--Mildew in
+    Books--Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury--Abbe Strickland--Etymology
+    of Totnes--AEdricus qui Signa fundebat--Fiz-gig--Guineas--
+    Numismatics--Querela Cantabrigiensis--Ben Johnson--Barclay's
+    "Argenis"--Hockey--Praed's Poetical Works. 235
+
+MISCELLANEOUS:--
+  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 239
+  Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 239
+  Notices to Correspondents. 239
+  Advertisements. 240
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTES.
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_The First Mole in Cornwall; a Morality from the Stowe of Morwenna, in
+the Rocky Land._--A lonely life for the dark and silent mole! She glides
+along her narrow vaults, unconscious of the glad and glorious scenes of
+earth, and air, and sea! She was born, as it were, in a grave, and in
+one long living sepulchre she dwells and dies! Is not existence to her a
+kind of doom? Wherefore is she thus a dark, sad exile from the blessed
+light of day? Hearken! Here, in our own dear Cornwall, the first mole
+was a lady of the land! Her abode was in the far west, among the hills
+of Morwenna, beside the Severn sea. She was the daughter of a lordly
+race, the only child of her mother, and the father of the house was
+dead. Her name was Alice of the Lea. Fair was she and comely, tender and
+tall; and she stood upon the threshold of her youth. But most of all did
+men wonder at the glory of her large blue eyes. They were, to look upon,
+like the summer waters, when the sea is soft with light! They were to
+her mother a joy, and to the maiden herself--ah! benedicite--a pride.
+She trusted in the loveliness of those eyes, and in her face, and
+features, and form: and so it was that the damsel was wont to pass the
+summer's day, in the choice of rich apparel, and precious stones, and
+gold. Howbeit this was one of the ancient and common customs of those
+old departed days. Now, in the fashion of her stateliness, and in the
+hue and texture of her garments, there was none among the maidens of old
+Cornwall like Alice of the Lea. Men sought her far and nigh, but she was
+to them all, like a form of graven stone, careless and cold. Her soul
+was set upon a Granville's love, fair Sir Bevil of Stowe, the flower of
+the Cornish chivalry--that noble gentleman! that valorous knight! He was
+her star. And well might she wait upon his eyes; for he was the garland
+of the west--the loyal soldier of a sainted king. He was that stately
+Granville who lived a hero-life, and died a warrior's death!
+
+Now there was signal made of banquet in the halls of Stowe, of wassail,
+and the dance. The messengers had sped, and Alice of the Lea would be
+there. Robes, precious and many, were unfolded from their rest, and the
+casket poured forth jewel and gem, that the maiden might stand before
+the knight victorious! It was the day--the hour--the time. Her mother
+sate by her wheel at the hearth. The page waited in the hall. She came
+down in her loveliness into the old oak room, and stood before the
+mirrored glass. Her robe was of woven velvet, rich, and glossy, and
+soft; jewels shone like stars in the midnight of her raven hair, and on
+her hand there gleamed, afar off, a bright and glorious ring! She {226}
+stood--she gazed upon her own countenance and form, and worshipped! "Now
+all good angels succour thee, dear Alice, and bend Sir Bevil's soul!
+Fain am I to see thee a wedded wife, before I die! I yearn to hold thy
+children on my knee! Often shall I pray to-night that the Granville
+heart may yield! Thy victory shall be my prayer!"
+
+"Prayer!" was the haughty answer; "with the eyes that I see in that
+glass, and this vesture meet for a queen, I lack no doubting prayer!"
+
+Saint Mary shield us! Ah words of evil soul! There was a shriek--a
+sob--a cry: and where was Alice of the Lea? Vanished--gone. They had
+heard wild tones of sudden music in the air. There was a rush--a beam of
+light--and she was gone, and that for ever! East sought they her, and
+west, in northern paths and south; but she was never more seen in the
+lands. Her mother wept till she had not a tear left; none sought to
+comfort her, for it was vain. Moons waxed and waned, and the crones by
+the cottage-hearth had whiled away many a shadowy night with tales of
+Alice of the Lea.
+
+But, at the last, as the gardener in the Pleasance leaned one day on his
+spade, he saw among the roses a small round hillock of earth, such as he
+had never seen before, and upon it something which shone. It was her
+ring! It was the very jewel she had worn the day she vanished out of
+sight! They looked earnestly upon it, and they saw within the border
+(for it was wide) the tracery of certain small fine letters in the
+ancient Cornish tongue, which said,--
+
+  "Beryan Erde,
+   Oyn und Perde!"
+
+Then came the priest of the Place of Morwenna, a gray and silent man! He
+had served long years at a lonely altar, a bent and solitary form. But
+he had been wise in the language of his youth, and he read the legend
+thus--
+
+  "The earth must hide
+  Both eyes and pride!"
+
+Now, as he uttered these words, they stood in the Pleasance by the
+mound; and on a sudden there was a low faint cry! They beheld, and O
+wondrous and strange! there was a small dark creature, clothed in a soft
+velvet skin, in texture and in hue like the Lady Alice her robe; and
+they saw, as it went into the earth, that it moved along without eyes,
+in everlasting night. Then the ancient priest wept, for he called to
+mind all these things, and saw what they meant; and he showed them how
+this was the maiden, who had been visited with doom for her pride.
+Therefore her rich array had been changed into the skin of a creeping
+thing and her large proud eyes were sealed up; and she herself had
+become
+
+  The first mole!
+  Of the hillocks of Cornwall!
+
+Ah! woe is me! and well-a-day! that damsel so stately and fair, sweet
+Lady Alice of the Lea, should be made for a judgement--the dark mother
+of the moles!
+
+Now take ye good heed, Cornish maidens, how ye put on vain apparel, to
+win love. And cast down your eyes, all ye damsels of the west, and look
+ye meekly on the ground! Be ye good and gentle, tender and true; and
+when ye see your image in the glass, and begin to be lifted up with the
+beauty of that shadowy thing, call to mind the maiden of Morwenna, her
+noble eyes and comely countenance, the vesture of price and the
+glittering ring. Sit ye by the wheel, as of old they sate and as ye draw
+the lengthening wool, sing ye ever-more and say,
+
+  "Beryan Erde,
+   Oyn and Perde!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"A whistling Wife" &c.--I can supply another version of the couplet
+quoted in "Folk Lore" (Vol. ii., p. 164.), which has the merit of being
+more rhymical and mysterious. In what district it was current I know
+not.
+
+  "A whistling wife and a crowing hen
+   Will call the old gentleman out of his den."
+
+G.L.B.
+
+
+_A Charm for Warts._--In some parts of Ireland, especially towards the
+south, they place great faith in the following charm:--When a funeral is
+passing by, they rub the warts and say three times, "May these warts and
+this corpse pass away and never more return;" sometimes adding, "in the
+name of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost."
+
+JARLTZBERG.
+
+
+_"Hanging out the Broom"._--Besides the instance given by Mr. R.F.
+Johnson (Vol. i., p. 384.), perhaps some of your readers can inform me
+of the origin of a somewhat similar custom, applicable to all ships and
+vessels for sale or hire, by the broom (all old one being generally
+used) being attached to the mast-head: if of two masts, to the
+foretop-mast head.
+
+WP.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LORD PLUNKET AND SAINT AGOBARD.
+
+Some of your readers may remember a speech in parliament by, as I think,
+Lord Plunket, in which his lordship argued with great eloquence in
+behalf of the Bill for the Emancipation of the Roman Catholics. Among
+many passages therein of equal truth and rhetorical power, there was one
+long afterwards much quoted, paraphrased, and praised. It was that in
+which he reminded the House, that those for whom he pleaded were
+fellow-subjects of the same race, offspring of the same Creator, alike
+believers in the One true God, the equal recipients of His mercies,
+appealing for {227} His blessings though the medium of the same faith,
+and looking forward for salvation to the One Intercessor, Mediator, and
+Sacrifice for all,--men, who, as they did, addressed the Eternal in the
+form of that "Universal prayer"--Our Father--the authority and the
+privilege of one common parentage, offered by the all in the union of
+the same spirit, in the conviction of the same wants, in the aspiration
+of the same hope. I say, I think Lord Plunket so spoke, for I write from
+memory dating from the period when George the Third was king. Now be
+this so: according to the dogmas of some critics, Lord Plunket may be
+convicted of an eloquent plagiary. Read the following extract from a
+missive by S. Agobard, to be found in the _Bibl. Vet. Patrum_, tome
+xiii, page 429., by Galland, addressed "Ad praefatum Imperatorem,
+adversus legem Gundobadi et impia certamina quae per eam geruntur," and
+say whether, in spite of the separation of centuries, there does not
+appear a family likeness, though there were no family acquaintance
+between them; Saint Agobard being Bishop of Lyons in the ninth centry,
+and Lord Plunket Attorney-General for Ireland in the nineteenth.
+
+The Saint is pleading against the judical ordeal:
+
+    "Illi autem profecti, praedicaverunt ubique Domino cooperante;
+    annuntiataque est ab eis omni creaturae; id est, cunetis
+    nationibus mundi; una fides indita per Deum, una spes diffusa
+    per Spiritum Sanctum in cordibus credentium, una caritas nata in
+    omnibus, una voluntas, accensum unum desiderium, tradita una
+    oratio; ut omnes omnino ex diversis gentibus, diversis
+    conditionibus, diverso sexu, nobilitate, honestate, servitute
+    diversa, simul dicant uni Deo, et Patri omnium; Pater Noster qui
+    es, &c., sicut unum Patrem invocantes, ita unam santificationem
+    quaerentes, unum regnum postulantes, unam adimpletionem
+    voluntatis ejus, sicut fit in coelo optantes; unum sibi panem
+    quotidianum dari precantes et omnibus dimitti debita."
+
+To which other passages might be added, as, in fact, S. Agobard pursues
+the one idea until he hunts it down to the one effect of sameness and
+common antithesis. Should we say Lord Plunket had read these passages,
+and is thereby convicted of eloquent plagiary? I say, No! Lauder then
+equally convicted Milton of trespassing on the thoughts of others, by
+somewhat apposite quotations from the classics. We are, in truth, too
+much inclined to this. The little, who cannot raise themselves to the
+stature of the great, are apt to strive after a socialist level, by
+reducing all to one same standard--their own. Truth is common to all
+ages, and will obtain utterance by the truthful and the eloquent
+throughout all time.
+
+S.H.
+
+Athenaeum, August 12.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NOTES ON THE SECOND EDITION OF MR. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF LONDON
+
+14. _Long Acre._ Mr. Cunningham, upon the authority of Parton's _History
+of St. Giles's_, says:
+
+    "First known as the Elms, then called Seven Acres, and since
+    1612, from the length of a certain slip of ground, then first
+    used as a public pathway, as Long Acre."
+
+The latter part of this statement is incorrect. The Seven Acres were
+known as _Long Acre_ as early as 1552, when they were granted to the
+Earl of Bedford. See _Strype_, B. vi. p. 88.
+
+Machyn, in his _Diary_, printed by the Camden Society, p. 21., under the
+date A.D. 1556, has the following allusion to the _Acre_:
+
+    "The vj day of December the Abbot of Westminster went a
+    procession with his convent. Before him went all the Santuary
+    men with crosse keys upon their garments, and after went iij for
+    murder: on was the Lord Dacre's sone of the North, was wypyd
+    with a shett abowt him for kyllyng of on Master West, squyre,
+    dwellyng besyd ... and anodur theyff that dyd long to one of
+    Master Comtroller ... dyd kylle Recherd Eggylston the
+    Comtroller's tayller, and kylled him in the _Long Acurs_, the
+    bak-syd Charyng Crosse."
+
+15. _Norfolk House, St. James's Square._ The present Norfolk House was
+built from a design by R. Brettingham, in 1742, by Thomas Duke of
+Norfolk, and finished by his brother Edward in 1762. Mr. Cunningham
+speaks as if the old house, in which George III. was born, was still
+standing.
+
+16. _Soho Square._ Mr. Cunningham has not corrected his mistake about
+Mrs. Cornelys's house in this square, (see "Notes and Queries," vol. i.,
+pp. 244, 450.). _D'Almaine's_, which Mr. Cunningham confounds with Mrs.
+Cornelys's, was at a former period tenanted by the Duke of Argyll; then
+by the Earl of Bradford; and, at a later time, by the celebrated Onslow,
+who held his parliamentary levees in the principal drawing-room. The
+ceilings of the best rooms are adorned with paintings by Rebecca and
+Angelica Kauffman.
+
+Mr. Cunningham has taken some pains to destroy the _Pennant_ tradition
+concerning the name of this square, but he has not given us one
+important piece of information, i.e. that between the years 1674 and
+1681, the ground was surveyed by _Gregory King_, an eminent architect of
+those days, who projected the square with the adjacent streets. Query,
+Did it not take the name of _King's_ Square from the architect? This
+seems very probable; more especially as the statue of Charles I. was not
+placed in the square until the beginning of the next century. The centre
+space was originally occupied by a splendid fountain, (the work of
+Colley Cibber's father), an estimate of the "cost and charges" of which
+is now before me.
+
+Among the eminent inhabitants of this square, not noticed by Mr.
+Cunningham, were the following:--Lord {228} Berkely, Lord Byron, Lord
+Grimstone, Lord Howard, Lord Leicester, Sir Thomas Mansel, Lord Morpeth,
+Lord Nottingham, Lord Peterborough, Lord Pierrepoint, Lord Pigot, Dudley
+North, the Earl of Dartmouth, the Duchess of Cleveland, the Duchess of
+Wharton, &c. These names appear in the books of the parish of St. Anne,
+between the years of 1708 and 1772.
+
+17. _Surrey Institution._ At one period (about 1825), this building was
+known as the _Blackfriars Rotundo_. Here that execrable character,
+Robert Taylor, who styled himself "the Devil's Chaplain," delivered his
+blasphemous discourses.
+
+18. _Opera House._ Mr. Cunningham, speaking of the translation of
+_Arsinoe_, the first Anglo-Italian opera performed in this country,
+says: "The translation was made by Thomas Clayton." This is an error,
+for Clayton himself says, in his preface: "I was obliged to have an
+Italian opera translated." Clayton was the composer of the music.
+
+19. _James's (St.) Chapel, St. James's Palace._ Mr. Cunningham says,
+"The service is chanted by the boys of the Chapel Royal." This ought to
+read, "The service is chaunted by the boys _and gentlemen_ of the Chapel
+Royal" The musical service of our cathedrals and collegiate
+establishments cannot be performed without four kinds of voices, treble,
+alto, tenor, and bass.
+
+20. _Bagnigge Wells._ Mr. Cunningham makes a strange mistake concerning
+this once popular place of amusement when he says, "first opened to the
+public in the year 1767." A stone, still to be seen, let into the wall
+over what was formerly the garden entrance, has the following
+inscription:
+
+  "S + T
+  This is Bagnigge
+  Hovse neare
+  The Pinder a
+  Wakefeilde
+  1680."
+
+The gardens were first opened for the accommodation of persons who
+partook of the mineral springs; subsequently, amusements were added; and
+in Bickham's curious work, _The Musical Entertainer_ (circa 1738), is an
+engraving of Tom Hippersley mounted in the "singing rostrum," regaling
+the company with a song. About half a century after this date, a regular
+orchestra was erected, and the entertainments resembled Marylebone
+Gardens and Vauxhall. The old house and gardens were demolished in 1842,
+to make room for several new streets.
+
+Edward F. Rimbault.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NOTES ON COLERIDGE'S AIDS TO REFLECTION
+
+(2nd Edition, 1831)
+
+Introductory Aphorisms, No. xii., p. 7.:
+
+    "Tertullian had good reason for his assertation, that the
+    simplest Christian (if indeed a Christian) knows more than the
+    most accomplished irreligious philosopher."
+
+The passage referred to is in the Apology, c. 46:
+
+    "Deum quilibet opifex Christianus et invenit et ostendit et
+    exinde totum, quod in Deo quaeritur, re quoque assignat; licet
+    Plato affirmet factitatorem universitatis neque inveniri facilem
+    et inventum enarrari in omnes difficilem."
+
+Note to Aphorism xxxi., p. 30.:
+
+    "To which he [Plato] may possibly have referred in his phrase
+    [Greek: theoparadotos sophia]."
+
+Possibly Coleridge may have borrowed this from Berkeley's _Siris_, Sec.
+301., where [Greek: theoparadotos philosophia] is cited from "a heathen
+writer." The word [Greek: theoparadotos] occurs in Proclus and Marinus
+(see Valpy's _Stephani Thesaurus_), but not in Plato.
+
+The motto from Seneca, prefixed to the Aphorisms on Spiritual Religion,
+is from the fourty-first Epistle of that writer.
+
+The question from Tertullian in the Comment on the eight of those
+Aphorisms,
+
+  "Certum est quia impossibile est."--p. 199.
+
+is from the _De Carne Christi_, cap. v.
+
+Aphorism iv., p. 227.:
+
+  "In wonder all philosophy began."
+
+See Plato's _Theaetetus_ Sec. 32., p. 155. Gataker on Antonin, i. 15.
+Plutarch _de EI Delph_. cap. 2. p. 385 B. Sympos, v. 7., p. 680 C.
+Aristot. _Metaph_. 1. 2. 9.
+
+In the "Sequelae" annexed to this Aphorism, it is said of Simonides (p.
+230.), that
+
+    "_In the fortieth day_ of his mediation the sage and philosophic
+    poet abandoned the problem [of the nature of God] in despair."
+
+Cicero (_de nat. Deor._ i. 22. Sec. 60.) and Minucius Felix (_Octav._ 13.)
+do not specify the number of days during which Simonides deferred his
+answer to Hiero.
+
+Aphorism x. On Original Sin. (note, p. 252.) [Greek: sunetois phonun],
+&c., from Pindar, _Olymp._ ii. 85. (152.)
+
+Conclusion, p. 399.:
+
+    "_Evidences_ of Christianity! I am weary of this word," &c.
+
+See the remarks on this passage in Archbishop Whately's _Logic_,
+Appendix III., near the end.
+
+The quotation from Apuleius, at the end of the book (p. 403.), is from
+the _Metamorphos._, i. 3.
+
+J.E.B. Mayor
+
+Marlborough College.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MINOR NOTES.
+
+_Capture of Henry VI._ (Vol. ii., p. 181.).--There are several errors in
+this historical note. The name of the Dean of Windsor was Manning, not
+{229} "Manting;" "Brungerly" should be Bungerley. One of the Talbots, of
+Bashall Hall, could never be "High Sheriff for the West Riding," as the
+Ridings of Yorkshire never had distinct sheriffs; neither was he sheriff
+of the county. The particulars of the king's capture are thus related in
+the chronicle called Warksworth's _Chronicle_, which has been printed by
+the Camden Society:--
+
+    "Also, the same yere, kynge Henry was takene byside a howse of
+    religione [i.e. Whalley] in Lancashyre, by the mene of a blacke
+    monke of Abyngtone [Abingdon] in a wode called Cletherwode [the
+    wood of Clitheroe], besyde Bungerly hyppyngstones, by Thomas
+    Talbott, sonne and heyre to sere Edmunde Talbot of Basshalle,
+    and Jhon Talbott, his cosyne, of Colebry [i.e. Salebury, in
+    Blackburn], withe other moo; which discryvide [him] beynge at
+    his dynere at Wadyngton halle: and [he was] carryed to London on
+    horsebake, and his leges bownde to the styropes."
+
+I have substituted the word "discryvide" for "disseyvide," as it is
+printed in the Camden Society's book, where the editor, Mr. Halliwell,
+understood the passage as meaning that the king was deceived or
+betrayed. I take the meaning to be that the black monk of Abingdon had
+descried, or discovered, the king as he was eating his dinner at
+Waddington Hall; whereupon the Talbots, and some other parties in the
+neighbourhood, formed plans for his apprehension, and arrested him on
+the first convenient opportunity, as he was crossing the ford across the
+river Ribble, formed by the hyppyngstones at Bungerley. Waddington
+belonged to Sir John Tempest, of Bracewell, who was the father-in-law of
+Thomas Talbot. Both Sir John Tempest and Sir James Harrington of
+Brierley, near Barnsley, were concerned in the king's capture, and each
+received one hundred marks reward; but the fact of Sir Thomas Talbot
+being the chief actor, is shown by his having received the larger reward
+of 100L. Further particulars respecting these and other parties
+concerned, will be found in the notes to Warksworth's _Chronicle_. The
+chief residence of the unhappy monarch during his retreat was at Bolton
+Hall, where his boots, his gloves, and a spoon, are still preserved, and
+are engraved in Whitaker's _Craven_. An interior view of the ancient
+hall at Bolton, which is still remaining, is engraved in the
+_Gentleman's Magazine_ for May, 1841. Sir Ralph Pudsay, of Bolton, had
+married Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas Tunstal, who attended the king
+as esquire of the body.
+
+JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS.
+
+
+_Mentmore, Bucks, Notes from Register of._--Having recently had occasion
+to go through the entire registers of the parish of Mentmore, Bucks, I
+send you three extracts, not noticed by Lipscombe, the two first
+relating to an extinct branch of the house of Hamilton, the third
+illustrating the "Manners and Customs of the English" at the end of the
+seventeenth century.
+
+"1732, William Hamilton, an infant son of Lord Viscount Limerick, Feb.
+28."
+
+"1741. The Honourable Charles Hamilton, son of Lord Viscount Limerick,
+Jan. 4."
+
+"Memorand. A beggar woman of Slapton, whipt at Mentmoir, July 5th,
+1698."
+
+Q.D.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+QUERIES
+
+JOHN JOKYN, OR JOACHIM, THE FRENCH AMBASSADOR.
+
+I am very desirous to be informed in what _French_ author I can find any
+account of John Jokyn (Joachim?), who was ambassador to England from
+France during the time of Cardinal Wolsey. I have looked into the
+greater part of the French authors who have written historically on the
+reign of Francois I. without having found any mention of such
+personage--_L'Art de verifier les Dates_, &c., without success. He is
+frequently spoken of by English writers, and particularly in the _Union
+of the Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke_, by Edward Halle, 1548, folios
+135, 136, 139, 144, and 149.; at folio 144., 17th year of Hen. VIII., it
+is stated:--
+
+    "There came over as ambassador from France, Jhon Jokyn, now
+    called M. de Vaux, which, as you have heard in the last year,
+    was kept secret in Master Lark's house; and when he came into
+    England he was welcomed of the Cardinal (Wolsey), and there
+    between them were such communications at the suit of the said
+    Jhon, that a truce was concluded from the 13th of July for forty
+    days between England and France, both on the sea, and beyond the
+    sea," &c. &c.
+
+This M. Jokyn, or Joachim, appears to have been a person of considerable
+influence, and it appears his purpose on this mission was to bribe
+Wolsey; and it seems that the Chancellor Duprat was aware of this, and
+was much displeased on the occasion.
+
+AMICUS.
+Aug 3, 1850.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SCRIPTURES, ROMAN CATHOLIC TRANSLATIONS OF, LUTHER'S FAMILIARITY WITH.
+
+The replies I have gained to previous Queries encourage me to trouble
+you with the following:--
+
+1. Has the Roman Catholic Church ever published a translation of the
+Scriptures, or any part of them, into the vernacular _Irish_? Have their
+missionaries in _China_ ever translated anything beyond the Epistles and
+Gospels of the Missal? Or, is there any Roman Catholic translation into
+any of the vernacular languages of _India_? Or, are there any versions
+in any of the American dialects by Roman Catholic authors, besides those
+mentioned by Le Long in his _Bibliotheca Sacra_. And is there any
+continuation of his work up to {230} the present day? I am acquainted
+with Bishop Marsh's volume, but he seems ill-informed and speaks vaguely
+about Roman Catholic versions.
+
+2. What is the authority for the familiar story of a bill being brought
+into parliament for the suppression of all vernacular translations in
+Richard II.'s reign, and of its being stoutly opposed by John of Gaunt?
+"What, are we the dregs of the earth not to hear the Scriptures in our
+own tongue?" Usher mentions the circumstance (_Historia Dogmatica_,
+&c.), and it is borrowed from him by Fox. But I am so ignorant as not to
+know the original and cotemporary authority.
+
+3. Your learned correspondent, DR. MAITLAND, in his _Dark Ages_, snubs
+D'Aubigne most unmercifully for repeating an old story about Luther's
+stumbling upon a Bible, and pooh-pooh's D'Aubigne's authority,
+Mathesius, as no better than a goose. May I ask whether it is possible
+to discover the probable foundation of such a story, and whether Luther
+has left us in his writings any account of his early familiarity with
+Scripture, that would bear upon the alleged incident, and show how much
+of it may be true?
+
+C.F.S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MINOR QUERIES
+
+_The Lost Tribes._--A list of all the theories and publications
+respecting the ten tribes commonly called the Lost tribes, or any
+communication concerning them, will much oblige.
+
+JARLTZBERG.
+
+
+_Partrige Family._--Can any of your readers inform me where I can see
+the grant mentioned in the following _note_ taken from Strype's
+_Ecclesiastical Memorials_, vol. iii. p. 542: "I find a grant to the
+Lady Jane Partrige for life, of the manor of Kenne in Devon, of the
+yearly value of 57l. 12s. 0-3/4d., but this not before April, 1553." Can
+any of your readers tell me how to obtain access to a private act 1st
+Mary, Sessio secunda. cap. 9., anno 1553, intituled, "An Act for the
+Restitution in Blood of the Heirs of Sir Miles Partrige, Knight"? Strype
+calls it an act for the restitution of the daughters of Sir Miles
+Partrige, and I think he must be right, as I have prima facie proof that
+Sir Miles left no son. Were the debates on the acts of parliament
+recorded in those days, and if so, how can they be seen?
+
+J. PARTRIGE.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+
+_Commoner marrying a Peeress._--Formerly, when a commoner married a
+peeress in her own right, he assumed her title and dignity. The right
+was, I believe, disputed during the reign of Henry VIII., in the case of
+the claimant of the barony of Talbois, when it was decided that no man
+could take his wife's titles unless he had issue male by her, but, if
+there were such issue, he became, as in cases of landed property,
+"tenant by curtesy" of her dignities. Can any of your correspondents
+inform me whether any subsequent decision has deprived of this right a
+commoner marrying a peeress and having issue male by her?
+
+L.R.N.
+
+
+_The Character "&."_--What is the correct name of the character "&?" I
+have heard it called _ample-se-and_, _ampuzzand_, _empuzad_, _ampassy_,
+and _apples-and_,--all evident corruptions of one and the same word.
+What is that word?
+
+M.A. LOWER.
+
+
+_Combs buried with the Dead._--When the corpse of St. Cuthbert was
+disinterred in the cathedral of Durham, there was found upon his breast
+a plain simple Saxon _comb_. A similar relique has been also discovered
+in other sepulchres of the same sanctuary.
+
+Can any of your learned contributors inform me (for I am totally
+ignorant) the origin and intent of this strange accompaniment of the
+burial of the ancient dead. The comb of St. Cuthbert is, I believe,
+carefully preserved by the Dean and Chapter of Durham.
+
+R.S. HAWKER.
+
+Morwenstow, Cornwall.
+
+
+_Cave's Historia Literaria._--My present Queries arise out of a Note
+which I took of a passage in Adam Clarke's _Bibliography_, under the
+article "W. Cave" (vol. ii. p. 161.).
+
+1. Has not the bibliographer assigned a wrong date to the publication of
+Cave's _Historia Literaria_, viz. 1740, instead of 1688-1698?
+
+2. Will some of your readers do me the favour of mentioning the
+successive editions of the _Historia Literaria_, together with the year
+and the place of appearance of each of them?
+
+According to the _Biographia Britannica_ (ed. 2., "Cave, W."), this
+learned work came out in the year above stated, and there were two
+impressions printed at Geneva in 1705 and 1720 respectively.
+
+R.K.J.
+
+
+_Julin._--Will DR. BELL, who adverts to the tradition of the doomed
+city, _Julin_, in your last number (Vol. ii. p. 178.), oblige me by a
+"Note" of the story as it is told by Adam of Bremen, whose work I am not
+within reach of? I have long wanted to trace this legend.
+
+V.
+
+Belgravia, Aug. 17. 1850.
+
+
+_Richardson Family._--Can of your correspondents inform me who "Mr. John
+Richardson, of the Market Place, Leeds," was? he was living 1681 to 1700
+and after, and he made entries of the births of eleven children on the
+leaves of an old book, and also an entry of the death of his wife, named
+Lydea, who died 20th December, 1700. These entries are now in possession
+of one of his daughters' descendants, who is desirous to know {231} of
+what family Mr. Richardson was, who he married, and what was his
+profession or business.
+
+T.N.I.
+
+Wakefield.
+
+
+_Tobacco--its Arabic Name._--One of your correspondents, A.C.M. (Vol.
+ii., p. 155.), wishes to know what is the Arabic word for _tobacco_ used
+in Sale's _Koran_, ed. 8vo. p. 169. Perhaps, if he will refer to the
+chapter and verse, or even specify _which_ is the 8vo. edition which he
+quotes, some of your correspondents may be able to answer his Query.
+
+M.D.
+
+
+_Pole Money._--Some time ago I made a copy of
+
+    "A particular of all the names of the several persons within the
+    Lordship of Marston Montgomery (in Derbyshire), and of their
+    estates, according to the acts of parliament, for payment of
+    _pole money_ assessed by William Hall, constable, and others."
+
+This was some time between 1660 and 1681. And also of a like
+
+    "Particular of names of the several persons within the same
+    lordship under the sum of _5l._, to _pole for_ according to the
+    acts of parliament."
+
+Can any of your correspondents inform me to what tax the above lists
+applied, and what were the acts of parliament under which this tax (or
+pole-money) was payable.
+
+T.N.I.
+
+Wakefield.
+
+
+_Welsh Money._--I have never seen in any work on coins the slightest
+allusion to the money of the native princes of Wales before the
+subjugation of their country by Edward I. Is any such in existence? and,
+if not, how is its disappearance to be accounted for? I read that
+Athelstan imposed on the Welsh an annual tribute _in money_, which was
+paid for many years. Query, In what sort of coin?
+
+J.C. Witton.
+
+
+_A skeleton in every House._--Can you or any of your correspondents
+explain the origin of that most significant saying "There is a skeleton
+in every house?" Does it originate in some ghastly legend?
+
+Mors.
+
+
+    [Our correspondent is right in his conjecture. The saying is
+    derived from an Italian story, which is translated in the
+    _Italian Tales of Humour, Gallantry, and Romance_, published
+    some few years ago, with illustrations by Cruikshank.]
+
+
+_Whetstone of Reproof._--Can any of your readers inform me who was the
+author of the book with the following title?
+
+    "The Whetstone of Reproofe, or a Reproving Censvre of the
+    misintitled Safe Way: declaring it by Discourie of the Authors
+    fraudulent Proceeding, and captious Cauilling, to be a miere
+    By-way, drawing pore Trauellers out of the royalle and common
+    Streete, and leading them deceitfully into a Path of Perdition.
+    With a Postscript of Advertisements, especially touching the
+    Homilie and Epistles attributed to Alfric: and a compendious
+    Retortiue Discussion of the misapplyed By-way. Avthor T.T.
+    Sacristan and Catholike Romanist.--Catvapoli, apud viduam Marci
+    Wyonis. Anno MDCXXXII." Sm. 8vo. pp. xvi. 570. 198.
+
+It is an answer to Sir Humphrey Lynd's _Via Tuta_ and _Via Devia_. In
+Wood's _Ath. Oxon._, edit. Bliss, fol. ii. col. 602, two answers to the
+_Via Tuta_ are mentioned; but this is not noticed. From the author
+stating in the preface, "I confesse, Sir Humfrey, I am Tom Teltruth, who
+cannot flatter or dissemble," I suppose the initials T.T. to be
+fictitious.
+
+John I. Dredge.
+
+
+_Morganatic Marriages.--Morganatique._--What is the derivation of this
+word, and what its _actual signification_?
+
+In the _Dictionnaire de l'Academie Francaise_ (ed. 4to., 1835), the word
+does not appear. In Boister's _Dictionnaire Universel_ (Bruxelles, 1835)
+it is thus given:--
+
+    "Morganatique, _adj. 2 g._, nocturne, mysterieux, entrainee par
+    seduction; (mariage) mariage secret des princes d'Allemagne avec
+    une personne d'un rang inferieur."
+
+And the same definition is given by Landais (Paris, 4to., 1842), but
+this does not give the derivation or literal signification of the word
+"_morganatic_." It is not in Johnson's _Dictionary_; but in Smart's
+_Dictionary Epitomized_ (Longman and Co., 1840) it is thus given:--
+
+    "Morganatic, _a._, applied to the marriage in which a gift in
+    the morning is to stand in lieu of dowry, or of all right of
+    inheritance, that might otherwise fall to the issue."
+
+This, however, is inconsistent with the definition of _nocturne_,
+_mysterieux_, for the gift in lieu of dowry would have nothing of
+mystery in it.
+
+Will some of your correspondents afford, if they can, any reasonable
+explanation which justifies the application of the word to inferior or
+left-handed marriages?
+
+G.
+
+
+    [Will our correspondent accept the following as a satisfactory
+    reply?]
+
+_Morganatic Marriage_ (Vol. ii, p. 72.).--The fairy Morgana was married
+to a mortal. Is not this a sufficient explanation of the term morganatic
+being applied to marriages where the parties are of unequal rank?
+
+S.S.
+
+
+_Gospel of Distaffs._--Can any reader say where a copy of the _Gospel of
+Distaffs_ may be accessible? It was printed by Wynkyn de Worde, and Sir
+E. Brydges, who describes it, says a complete copy was in Mr. Heber's
+library. A few leaves are found in Bagford's Collection, Harleian MS.
+5919., which only raises the desire to see the whole. Dibdin's _Ames'
+Typography_, vol. ii. p. 232., has an account of it.
+
+W. Bell.
+
+       *       *       *       *       * {232}
+
+
+REPLIES.
+
+POETA ANGLICUS.
+
+Every proof or disproof of statements continually made with regard to
+the extravagant titles assumed, or complacently received, by the bishops
+of Rome being both interesting and important, the inquiry of J.B. (Vol.
+ii., p. 167.) is well deserving of a reply. Speaking of a passage cited
+by Joannes Andreae, in his gloss on the preface to the Clementines, he
+asks, "who is the Anglicus Poeta?" and "what is the name of his poem,"
+in which it is said to the pope, "Nec Deus es nec homo, quasi neuter es
+inter utrumque?"
+
+"Poetria nova" was the name assigned to the hexameter poem commencing,
+"Papa stupor mundi," inscribed, about the year 1200, to the reigning
+Pope, Innocent III., by Galfridus de Vino salvo. Of this work several
+manuscript copies are to be met with in England. I will refer only to
+two in the Bodleian, Laud. 850. 83.: Ken. Digb. 1665. 64. Polycarp
+Leyser (_Hist. Poem. medii AEvi_) published it in 1721; and Mabillon has
+set forth another performance by the same writer in elegiac verse (_Vet.
+Analect._ pp. 369-76., Paris, 1723). In the latter case the author's
+name is not given, and accordingly he is entered merely as "Poeta vetus"
+in Mr. Dowling's _Notitia Scriptorum SS. Pat._, sc. p. 279., Oxon.,
+1839. Your correspondent may compare with Andreae's extract these lines,
+and those which follow them, p. 374.:
+
+  "Papa brevis vox est, sed virtus nominis hujus
+  Perlustrat quiequid arcus uterque tenet."
+
+Galfridus evidently derived his surname from his treatise on vines and
+wine; and he has been singularly unfortunate in the epithet, for I have
+never seen VIN-SAUF correctly printed. It varies from "de Nine salvo" to
+"_Mestisauf_." Pits and Oudin call him "Vinesalf" and Fabricius and
+Mansi change him into "Vine fauf."
+
+The question now remains, Are the Roman Pontiffs and their Church
+answerable for the toleration of such language? Uncertainty may on this
+occasion be removed by our recollection of the fact, that a "Censura"
+upon the glosses of the papal canon law, by Manriq, Master of the Sacred
+Palace, was issued by the command of Pope Pius V. in 1572. It was
+reprinted by Pappus, Argent. 1599, 12mo., and 1609, 8vo., and it
+contains an order for the expurgation of the words before quoted,
+together with the summary in the margin, "Papa nec Deus est nec homo,"
+which appears in every old edition; for instance, in that of Paris,
+1532, sig. aa. iij. So far the matter looks well, and the prospect is
+not hopeless. These glosses, however, were revised by another master of
+the Apostolic Palace, Sixtus Fabri, and were edited, under the sanction
+of Pope Gregory XIII., in the year 1580; and from this authentic
+impression the impious panegyric has not been withdrawn. The marginal
+abridgment has, in compliance with Manriq's direction, been
+exterminated; and this additional note has been appended as a
+palliative:--
+
+    "Haec verba sano modo sunt accipienda: prolata enim sunt ad
+    ostendendum amplissimam esse Romani Pontificis
+    potestatem."--Col. 4. ed. Paris, 1585.
+
+R.G.
+
+_Poeta Anglicus_ (Vol ii., p. 167).--I cannot answer J.B.'s Queries; but
+I have fallen upon a _cross scent_, which perchance may lead to their
+discovery.
+
+1. Ioannes Pitseus, _de Scriptor. ad ann._ 1250, (_Relat. Histor. de
+Rebus Anglicis_, ed. Par. 1619, p. 322.), gives the following account
+"de Michaele Blaunpaino:"--
+
+    "Michael Blaunpainus, vulgo _Magister_ cognominatus, natione
+    Anglus, patria Cornubiensis, ... missus Oxonium, deinde
+    Parisios, ... prae caeteris se dedidit elegantiae linguae Latinae,
+    fuitque inter praecipuos sui temporis _poetus_ per Angliam
+    potissimum et Galliam numeratus. Hunc subinde citat Textor in
+    Cornucopia sub nomine Michaelis _Anglici_.... In lucem emisit:
+    Historiarum Normanniae, librum unum: Contra Henricum Abrincensem
+    versu. librum unum. Archipoeta vide, quod non sit. (_MS. in
+    Bibliotheca Lunleiana._) Epistolarum et carminum, librum unum.
+    Claruit anno Messiae 1250, sub Henrici tertii regno."
+
+2. Valerius Andreas, however, gives a somewhat different account of
+_Michael Anglicus_. In his _Biblioth. Belg._ ed. 8vo. Lovan, 1623, p.
+609., he says:
+
+    "Michael Anglicus, Bellimontensis, Hanno, I. V. Professor et
+    _Poeta_, scripsit:
+
+        Eclogarum, libros iv., ad Episc. Parisien.
+        Eclogarum, libb. ii., ad Lud. Villerium.
+        De mutatione studiorum, lib. i.
+        Elegiam deprecatoriam.
+
+    Et alia, quae Paris. sunt typis edita. Hujus eruditionem et
+    Poemata Bapt. Mantuanus et Joannes Ravisius Testor epigrammate
+    commendarunt: hic etiam in Epithetis suis _Anglici_ auctoritatem
+    non semel adducit."
+
+3. Franciscus Sweertius (_Athenae Belgricoe_, ed. Antv. 1628, p. 565.)
+gives a similar account to this of Valerius Andreas.
+
+4. And the account given by Christopher Hendreich Brandebargca, (ed.
+Berolini, 1699, p. 193.) is substantially the same; viz.,
+
+    "Anglicus Michael cognomine, sed natione Gallus, patria
+    Belmontensis, utriusque juris Professor, scripsit Eclogarum,
+    lib. iv. ad Episc." &c ... "Et diversorum carminum libros
+    aliquot, quae omnia Parisiis impressa sunt. Claruit autem A.C.
+    1500."
+
+5. Moreri takes notice of this apparent confusion made between two
+different writers, who lived two centuries and a half apart. Speaking of
+the later {233} of the two, he says (_Dictionnaire Historique_, Paris,
+1759, tom. i. par. ii. p. 87.):--
+
+    "_Anglicus_ (Michel), natif de Beaumont dans le Hainaut, qui
+    vivoit dans le XVI. siecle, etoit poete et professeur en droit.
+    Nous avons divers ouvrages de sa facon, des eglogues, un traite
+    _de mutatione studiorum_, &c. (Valer. Andreas, _Bibl. Belg._)
+    Quelques auteurs l'ont confondu avec Michel Blaumpain. (Voyez
+    Blaumpain.)" #/
+
+Of the earlier Anglicus, Moreri says (ubi sup., tom. ii. par. i. p.
+506.):
+
+    "Blaumpain (Michel) surnomme _Magister_, Anglois de nation, et
+    _Poete_, qui vivoit vers l'an 1250. Il est nomme par quelques-un
+    _Michel Anglicus_. Mais il y a plus d'apparence que c'etoient
+    deux auteurs differens; dont l'un composa une histoire de
+    Normandie, et un traite contre Henri d'Avranches; et l'autre
+    laissa quelques pieces de poesies;--Eclogarum, libri iv., ad
+    Episcopum Parisiensem; Eclogarum, libri ii., ad Ludovicum
+    Villerium, De mutatione studioram, Elogia deprecatoria, &c.
+    Baptiste Mantuan parle de Michel Anglicus, qui etoit de Beaumont
+    dans l'Hainault. (Pitseus, _De Script. Angl._ p. 322.; Valerius
+    Andreas in _Bibl_, p. 670.)"
+
+Perhaps some of your readers may have access to a copy of the _Paris
+impression_ of Michael Anglicus, mentioned by Andreas, Sweertius, and
+Hendreich. J.B. will not need to be reminded of these words of Innocent
+III., in his first serm. de consecr. Pont. Max., in which he claimed, as
+St. Peter's successor, to be
+
+    "Inter Deum et hominem medius constitutus; citra Deum, sed ultra
+    hominem; minor Deo, sed major homine: qui de omnibus judicat, et
+    a nemine judicatur."--_Innocentii tertii Op._, ed. Colon. 1575,
+    tom. i., p. 189.
+
+Did the claim _originate_ with Pope Innocent?
+
+J. Sansom.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CAXTON'S PRINTING-OFFICE.
+
+I must protest against the manner in which Arun (Vol. ii., p. 187.) has
+proceeded with the discussion of Caxton's printing at Westminster.
+Though writing anonymously himself, he has not hesitated to charge me by
+name with a desire to impeach the accuracy of Mr. C. Knight's _Life of
+Caxton_, of which, and of other works of the same series, he then
+volunteers as the champion, as if they, or any one of them, were the
+object of a general attack. This is especially unfair, as I made the
+slightest possible allusion to Mr. Knight's work, and may confess I have
+as yet seen no more of it than the passage quoted by ARUN himself. Any
+such admixture of personal imputations is decidedly to be deprecated, as
+being likely to militate against the sober investigation of truth which
+has hitherto characterised the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES." ARUN also
+chooses to say that the only question which is material, is, Who was
+Caxton's patron? i.e. who was the Abbot of Westminster at the time,--who
+may not, after all, have actively interfered in the matter. This
+question remains in some doubt; but it was not the question with which
+DR. RIMBAULT commenced the discussion. The object of that gentleman's
+inquiry (Vol. ii., p. 99.) was, the particular spot where Caxton's press
+was fixed. From a misapprehension of the passage in Stow, a current
+opinion has obtained that the first English press was erected within the
+abbey-church, and in the chapel of St. Anne; and Dr. Dibdin conjectured
+that the chapel of St. Anne stood on the site of Henry VII.'s chapel.
+The correction of this vulgar error is, I submit, by no means
+immaterial; especially at a time when a great effort is made to
+propagate it by the publication of a print, representing "William Caxton
+examining the first proof sheet from his printing-press in Westminster
+Abbey;" the engraving of which is to be "of the size of the favourite
+print of Bolton Abbey:" where the draftsman has deliberately represented
+the printers at work within the consecrated walls of the church itself!
+When a less careless reader than Dr. Dibdin consults the passage of
+Stow, he finds that the chapel of St. Anne stood in the opposite
+direction from the church to the site of Henry VII.'s chapel, i.e.
+within the court of the Almonry; and that Caxton's press was also set up
+in the Almonry, though not (so far as appears, or is probable) within
+that chapel. The second question is, When did Caxton first set up his
+press in this place? And the third, the answer to which depends on the
+preceding, is, Who was the abbot who gave him admission? Now it is true,
+as ARUN remarks, that the introduction of Abbot Islip's name is traced
+up to Stow in the year 1603: and, as Mr. Knight has observed, "the
+careful historian of London here committed one error," because John
+Islip did not become Abbot of Westminster until 1500. The entire passage
+of Stow has been quoted by DR. RIMBAULT in "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol.
+ii., p. 99.; it states that in the Almonry--
+
+    "Islip, abbot of Westminster, erected the first press of
+    book-printing that ever was in England, about the year 1471."
+
+Now, it appears that the various authors of repute, who have given the
+point their consideration, as the editor of Dugdale's _Monasticon_ (Sir
+Henry Ellis), and Mr. Cunningham in his _Handbook_, affirm that it is
+John Esteney who became abbot in 1474 or 1475, and not Thomas Milling,
+who was abbot in 1471, whose name should be substituted for that of
+Islip. In that case, Stowe committed two errors instead of one; he was
+wrong in his date as well as his name. It is to this point that I
+directed my remarks, which are printed in Vol. ii., p. 142. We have
+hitherto no evidence that Caxton {234} printed at Westminster before the
+year 1477, six years later than mentioned by Stow.
+
+JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE USE OF COFFINS.
+
+The Query of H.E. (Vol. i., p. 321.) seems to infer that the use of
+coffins may be only a modern custom. In book xxiii., chapters i. and
+ii., of Bingham's _Antiquities of the Christian Church_, H.E. will find
+ample proof of the very early use of coffins. During the first three
+centuries of the Church, one great distinction betwixt Heathens and
+Christians was, that the former burned their dead, and placed the bones
+and ashes in urns; whilst the latter always buried the corpse, either in
+a coffin or, embalmed, in a catacomb; so that it might be restored at
+the last day from its original dust. There have frequently been dug out
+of the barrows which contain Roman urns, ancient British stone coffins.
+Bede mentions that the Saxons buried their dead in wood. Coffins both of
+lead and iron were constructed at a very early period. When the royal
+vaults at St. Denis were desecrated, during the first French revolution,
+coffins were exposed that had lain there for ages.
+
+Notwithstanding all this, it appears to be the case that, both in the
+Norman and English periods, the common people of this country were often
+wrapped in a sere-cloth after death, and so placed, coffinless, in the
+earth. The illuminations in the old missals represent this. And it is
+not impossible that the extract from the "Table of Dutyes," on which
+H.E. founds his inquiry, may refer to a lingering continuance of this
+rude custom. Indeed, a statute passed in 1678, ordering that all dead
+bodies shall be interred in woollen and no other material, is so worded
+as to give the idea that there might be interments without coffins. The
+statute forbids that any person be put in, wrapt, or wound up, or buried
+in any shirt, shift, sheet, or shroud, unless made of sheep's wool only;
+or in any coffin lined or faced with any material but sheep's wool; as
+if the person might be buried either in a garment, or in a coffin, so
+long as the former was made of, or the latter lined with, wool.
+
+I think the "buryall without a coffin," quoted by H.E., must have
+referred to the interment of the poorest class. Their friends, being
+unable to provide a coffin, conformed to an old rude custom, which had
+not entirely ceased.
+
+Alfred Gatty
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SHAKSPEARE'S USE OF THE WORD "DELIGHTED".
+
+If the passage from _Measure for Measure_, which has been the subject of
+much controversy in your recent numbers, be read in its natural
+sense--there is surely nothing unintelligible in the word "delighted" as
+there used.
+
+The object of the poet was to show how instinctively the mind shudders
+at the change produced by death--both on body and soul; and how
+repulsive it must be to an active and sentient being.
+
+He therefore places in frightful contrast the condition of _each_ before
+and after that awful change. The BODY, _now_ endowed with "sensible warm
+motion," to become in death "a kneaded clod," to "lie in cold
+obstruction, and to rot." The SPIRIT, _now_ "delighted" (all full of
+delight), to become in death utterly powerless, an unconscious--passive
+thing--"imprisoned in the viewless winds, and blown with restless
+violence round about the pendant world," how intolerable the thought,
+and how repulsive the contrast! It is _not_ in its state _after death_,
+but _during life_, that the poet represents the spirit to be a
+"delighted one." If we fall into the error of supposing him to refer to
+the _former_ period, we are compelled to alter our text, in order to
+make the passage intelligible, or invent some new meaning to the word
+"delighted," and, at the same time, we deprive the passage of the strong
+antithesis in which all its spirit and force consists. It is this strong
+antithesis, this painfully marked contrast between the two states of
+_each, body_ and _spirit_, which displays the power and skill of the
+poet in handling the subject. Without it, the passage loses half its
+meaning.
+
+MR. HICKSON will not, I hope, accuse one who is no critic for presuming
+to offer this suggestion. I tender it with diffidence, being conscious
+that, although a passionate admirer of the great bard, I am all
+unlearned in the art of criticism, "a plain unlettered man," and
+therefore simply take what is set before me in its natural sense, as
+well as I may, without searching for recondite interpretations. On this
+account, I feel doubly the necessity of apologising for interfering with
+the labours of so learned and able a commentator as MR. HICKSON has
+shown himself to be.
+
+L.B.L.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VENTRILOQUISM
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 88.)
+
+Plutarch (tom. ii., p. 397.D.) has these words:
+
+    [Greek: "Ou gar esti theou hae gaerus oude ho phthoggos, oude he
+    lexis, oude to metron, alla taes yunaikos: ekeinos de monas tas
+    phantasias paristaesi, kau phos en tae psuchae poiei pros to
+    mellon."]
+
+If that be the passage referred to be Rollin, nothing is said there
+about ventriloquism. The Scholiast on Aristoph. (_Plut._ 39.) tells us
+how the Pythian received the _afflatus_, but says nothing about her
+_speaking_ from her belly: He only has
+
+    [Greek: "Ta taes manteias hae mallon manias ephtheggeto
+    hraemata."]
+
+In another place of Plutarch (tom. ii., p. 414. E.) we have [Greek:
+eggastrimuthoi] and [Greek: puthones] used as synonymous words to
+express persons into whose bodies the god might be supposed to enter,
+"using their {235} bodies and voices as instruments." The only word in
+that passage which appears to hint at what we call ventriloquism is
+[Greek: hupophtheggesthai].
+
+I have very little doubt that amongst the various tricks of ancient
+divination ventriloquism found a place; but I cannot give that direct
+evidence which MR. SANSOM asks for. I think it very likely that "_the
+wizards that peep and mutter_" (Isa. viii. 19.) were of this class; but
+it is not clear that the [Hebrew: 'obot]--the [Greek eggastrimuthoi] of
+the LXX.--were so. The English version has "them that have familiar
+spirits." The Hebrew word signifies _bottles_; and this may mean no more
+than that the spirit of divination was contained in the person's body as
+in a bottle, "using his body and his voice as instruments," as in the
+place of Plutarch quoted above. We have something like this, Acts, xix.
+15., where "the evil spirit answered," no doubt in the voice of the
+demoniac, "Jesus I know," &c. Michaelis (Suppl., p. 39.) gives a
+different meaning and etymology to [Hebrew: 'obot]. He derives it from
+the Arabic, which signifies (1) _rediit_, (2) _occidit_ sol, (3) _noctu
+venit_ or _noctu aliquid fecit_. The first and third of these meanings
+will make it applicable to the [Greek: nekromanteia] (of which the witch
+of Endor was a practitioner), which was carried on at night. See Hor.
+_Sat._ I. ix.
+
+I do not think that the damsel mentioned Acts, xvi. 16. was a
+ventriloquist. The use of the word [Greek: ekraze] in the next verse,
+would lead us to infer that she spoke in a loud voice _with her mouth
+open_; whereas the [Greek: eggastrimuthoi] are defined by Galen
+(_Glossar. Hippocr._) as [Greek: oi kekleismenou tou stomatos
+phthengomenoi].
+
+Consult Vitringa and Rosenmueller on Isa. viii. 19., Wolf and Kuinoel on
+Acts, xvi. 16., Biscoe on the Acts, ch. viii. Sec.2; where references will
+be found to many works which will satisfy Mr. SANSOM better than this
+meagre note.
+
+[Hebrew: B]
+
+_Ventriloquism_ (Vol. ii., p. 88.).--In reply to Query 1, I wish to call
+Mr. SANSOM'S attention to _Plutarch de Oraculorum defectu_ (Lipsiae,
+1777, vol. vii. p. 632.), and to Webster's _Displaying of supposed
+Witchcraft_ (chaps. vi. and viii.). Queries 2 and 3. Besides the
+extraordinary work of Webster, he may consult the elaborate
+dissertations of Allatius on these subjects, in the eighth volume of
+_Critici Sacri_. Query 4. On the use of the term [Greek: eggastrimuthos]
+by the sacred writers, _Ravanelli Biblioth. S._, and by classical
+authors, _Foesii Oeconomia Hippocratis_; and for synonymous "divinorum
+ministrorum nomina," _Pollucis Onomasticon_.
+
+T.J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.
+
+_Earl of Oxford's Patent_ (Vol. ii., p. 194.).--M.'s quotation from the
+_Weekly Oracle_ relates to Harley's having been stabbed at the
+council-table by the Sieur de Guiscard, a French Papist, brought up for
+examination 8th March, 1711. The escape of the Chancellor of the
+Exchequer was the subject of an address from both Houses to the Queen;
+and upon his being sufficiently recovered to resume his seat, the
+Speaker delivered to him the unanimous congratulations of the House of
+Commons. Harley was shortly after created Earl of Oxford, by patent
+bearing date 24th May, 1711, which recites, _inter alia_,--
+
+    "Since, therefore, the two Houses of Parliament have declared
+    that the fidelity and affection he has expressed in our service
+    have exposed him to the hatred of wicked men, _and the desperate
+    rage of a villanous parricide_, since they have congratulated
+    his escape from such imminent dangers, and put us in mind that
+    he might not be preserved in vain, we willingly comply with
+    their desires, and grant him who comes so honourably recommended
+    by the votes of our Parliament, a place among our peer," &c.
+    &c.--Collin's _Peerage_, vol. iv. p. 260. edit. 1789.
+
+Guiscard died in Newgate of the wounds which he received in the scuffle
+when he was secured.
+
+BRAYBROOKE.
+
+    [O.P.Q., who has kindly replied to M.'s inquiry, has appended to
+    his answer the following Query:--"Is Smollett justified in using
+    the words _assassin_ and _assassinate_, as applied to cases of
+    intended homicide, when death did not ensue?"]
+
+
+_The Darby Ram_ (Vol. ii., p. 71.).--There is a whimsical little volume,
+which, as it relates mainly to local matters, may not have come under
+the notice of many of your readers, to which I would refer your querist
+H.W.
+
+It is entitled,--
+
+    "Gimcrackiana, or Fugitive Pieces on Manchester Men and Manners
+    ten years ago. Manchester, 1833." cr. 8vo.
+
+It is anonymous, but I believe truly ascribed to a clever young
+bookseller of the name of J.S. Gregson, since dead.
+
+At page 185. he gives twelve stanzas of this ballad, as the most perfect
+copy from the oral chronicle of his greatgrandmother.
+
+In _The Ballad Book_ (Edinb. 1827, 12mo.), there is another entitled
+"The Ram of Diram," of a similar kind, but consisting of only six verses
+and chorus. And the _Dublin Penny Journal_, vol. i., p. 283., contains a
+prose story, entitled "Darby and the Ram," of the same veracious nature.
+
+F.R.A.
+
+
+_Rotten Row and Stockwell Street._--R.R., of Glasgow, inquires the
+etymology of these names (Vol. i., p. 441.). The etymology of the first
+word possesses some interest, perhaps, at the present time, owing to the
+name of the site of the intended Exhibition from all Nations in Hyde
+Park. I sent to the publishers of _Glasgow Delineated_, {236} which was
+printed at the University press in 1826, a contradiction of the usual
+origin of the name adopted in that city, showing the impossibility of
+the expression bearing any reference to the dissoluteness or immorality
+of the former residents, and also contradicting its having any thing to
+do with "rats," or "rattons," _Scottice_; although, in 1458, the "Vicus
+Rattonum" is the term actually used in the Archbishop of Glasgow's
+chartulary. My observations, which were published in a note, concluded
+as follows:
+
+    "The name, however, may be also traced to a very remote and
+    classic origin, although we are not aware that it has hitherto
+    been condescended on. In ancient Rome was what was called the
+    Ratumena Porta, 'a nomine ejus appellata (says Gessner in his
+    Latin _Thesaurus_) qui ludiero certamine quadrigis victor
+    juvenis Veiis consternatis equis excussus Romae periit, qui equi
+    feruntur non ante constitisse quam pervenirent in Capitolium.'
+    The same story is related by Pliny, from whom and other authors,
+    it appears that the word Ratumena was then as proverbially
+    applied to jockies as Jehu in our own days. From the
+    circumstance of the Rotten Row Port (of Glasgow) having stood at
+    the west end of this street, and the Stable Green Port near the
+    east end, which also led to the Archbishop's castle, it is
+    probably not only that it was the street through which
+    processions would generally proceed, but that the port alluded
+    to, and after it the street in question, were dignified by the
+    more learned of our ancestors with the Roman name of which, or
+    of the Latin Rota, the present appears a very natural
+    corruption."
+
+I may here refer to Facciolati's _Dictionary, voce_ "Ratumena Porta," as
+well as Gessner's.
+
+As to _Stockwell_, also a common name, it is obviously indicative of the
+particular kind of well at the street, by which the water was lifted not
+by a wheel, nor by a pump, nor a pulley, but by a beam poised on or
+formed by a large _stock_, or _block of wood_.
+
+Lambda.
+
+
+_Hornbooks_ (Vol. ii., p. 167.).--Mr. Timbs will find an account of
+hornbooks, with a woodcut of one of the time of Queen Elizabeth, in Mr.
+Halliwell's _Notices of Fugitive Tracts_, printed by the Percy Society,
+1849. Your readers would confer a favour on Mr. Timbs and myself by the
+communication of any additional information.
+
+R.
+
+
+_Passages from Shakspeare_ (Vol. ii., p. 135.).--
+
+  _Ang._ We are all frail.
+
+  _Isab._ Else let my brother die,
+  If not a feodary, but only he
+  Owe, and succeed thy weakness.
+
+  _Ang._ Nay, women are frail too.
+
+  _Measure for Measure_, Act. ii. Sc. 4.
+
+I should paraphrase Isabella's remarks thus:--
+
+    "If it be otherwise, if we are not all frail as thou sayest,
+    then let my brother die, unless he be but in the same case as
+    others; if he alone possess and follow thee in that particular
+    frailty to which thou has half confessed."
+
+A feodary, I should observe, was an officer of the Court of Wards, who
+was joined with the escheator and did not act singly; I conceive
+therefore that Shakspeare by this expression indicates an associate; one
+in the same plight as others; negatively, one who does not stand alone.
+In _Cymbeline_, Act iii. Sc. 2., we read:
+
+  "Senseless bauble,
+  Art thou a _feodary_ for this act, and lookst
+  So virgin-like without?"
+
+where feodary clearly means confederate, associate. According to some,
+the word signifies one who holds land by the same tenure as the rest of
+mankind; whilst Mr. Knight, in a note on _Henry IV_. Part i. Act i.
+endeavors to show that it includes both the companion and the feudal
+vassal.
+
+"To owe" is frequently used by Shakspeare in the sense of to possess, to
+own, as in Act i. Sc. 5. where Lucio says:
+
+  "But when they weep and kneel,
+  All their petitions are as freely theirs
+  As they themselves would _owe_ them."
+
+So also in the following instances:--
+
+  "The slaughter of the prince that _ow'd_ that crown."
+
+  _Richard III._, Act. iv. Sc. 4.
+
+  "What art thou, that keepst me out from the house I
+  _owe_?"
+
+  _Comedy of Errors_, Act iii. Sc. 1.
+
+  "Then thou alone kingdoms of hearts shouldst _owe_."
+
+  _Sonnet_ lxx.
+
+Further examples will be found in _A Lover's Complaint_, the last line
+but two; _Pericles_, Act v. Sc. 1.; _Twelfth Night_, Act. i Sc. 5.,
+_Love's Labour's Lost_, Act i. Sc. 2.; _King John_, Act ii. Sc. 1.;
+_King Lear_, Act i. Sc. 4.
+
+As the passage is allowed to be obscure, this attempt to explain its
+meaning is submitted with great deference to the opinions of your
+readers.
+
+Arun.
+
+
+_Mildew in Books_ (Vol. ii., p. 103.).--In answer to B. I mention that
+the following facts connected with mildew in books have been elicited.
+
+The mildew referred to is that which shows itself in the form of
+roundish or irregular brown spots.
+
+It is usually most abundant in those parts which are most exposed to the
+air.
+
+In making a microscopic examination of the spots, I ascertained that
+there was no new structure present; but in manipulating I found that
+these spots absorbed water more rapidly than the rest of the paper.
+
+On applying litmus, these spots were found to have a powerful acid
+reaction.
+
+On submitting the matter to a chemical friend, he ascertained that the
+acid in question was the sulphuric, or oil of vitriol. Experiments were
+then made with a dilute solution of this acid on {237} clean paper, and
+spots were produced similar to those of mildew.
+
+The acid does not naturally exist in paper, and its presence can only be
+accounted for by supposing that the paper has been bleached by the fumes
+of sulphur. This produces sulphurous acid, which, by the influence of
+atmospheric air and moisture, is slowly converted into sulphuric, and
+then produces the mildew. As this may be shown to be an absolute
+_charring_ of the fibres of which the paper is composed, it is to be
+feared that it cannot be cured. After the process has once commenced, it
+can only be checked by the utmost attention to dryness, moisture being
+indispensable to its extension, and vice versa.
+
+I do not know whether these facts are generally known, but they would
+seem to be very important to paper-makers.
+
+T.I.
+
+
+_Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury_ (Vol. ii., p. 199.).--Your correspondent
+PHILO-CHAUCER, I presume, desires to know the old route to Canterbury. I
+should imagine that at the time of Chaucer a great part of the country
+was uncultivated and uninclosed, and a horse-track in parts of the route
+was probably the nearest approximation to a road. At the present day,
+crossing the London road at Wrotham, and skirting the base of the chalk
+hills, there is a narrow lane which I have heard _called_ "the Pilgrims'
+road," and this, I suppose, is in fact the old Canterbury road; though
+how near to London or Canterbury it has a distinct existence, and to
+what extent it may have been absorbed in other roads, I am not able to
+say. The title of "Pilgrims' road" I take to be a piece of modern
+antiquarianism. In the immediate vicinity of this portion there are some
+druidical remains: some at Addington, and a portion of a small circle
+tolerably distinct in a field and lane between, I think, Trottescliffe
+and Ryarsh. In the absence of better information, you may perhaps make
+use of this.
+
+S.H.
+
+
+_Abbe Strickland_ (Vol. ii, p. 198.), of whom I.W.H. asks for
+information, is mentioned by _Cox_, in his _Memoirs of Sir Robert
+Walpole_, t. i. p. 442., and t. iii. p. 174.
+
+D. ROCK.
+
+
+_Etymology of Totnes._--The Query of J.M.B. (Vol. i., p 470.) not having
+been as yet answered, I venture to offer a few notes on the subject;
+and, mindful of your exhortation to brevity, compress my remarks into
+the smallest possible compass, though the details of research which
+might be indulged in, would call for a dissertation rather them a Note.
+
+That Totnes is a place of extreme antiquity as a British town cannot be
+doubted; first, from the site and character of its venerable hill
+fortress; secondly, from the fact that the chief of the four great
+British and Roman roads, the Fosse-way, commenced there--"The ferthe of
+thisse is most of alle that tilleth from Toteneis ... From the
+south-west to north-east into Englonde's end;" and, thirdly, from the
+mention of it, and the antiquity assigned to it by our earliest annals
+and chronicles. Without entering into the question of the full
+authenticity of Brute and the _Saxon Chronicle_, or the implicit
+adoption of the legendry tales of Havillan and Geoffry of Monmouth, the
+concurring testimony of those records, with the voice of tradition, the
+stone of the landing, and the fact that the town is seated at the head
+of an estuary the most accessible, the most sheltered, and the best
+suited of any on the south-western coast for the invasion of such a
+class of vessels as were those of the early navigators, abundantly
+warrant the admission that it was the landing-place of some mighty
+leader at a very early period of our history.
+
+And now to the point of the etymology of _Totenais_, as it stands in
+Domesday Book. We may, I think, safely dismiss the derivation suggested
+by Westcote, on the authority of Leland, and every thing like it derived
+from the French, as well as the unknown tongue which he adopts in
+"Dodonesse." That we are warranted in seeking to the Anglo-Saxon for
+etymology in this instance is shown by the fact, that the names of
+places in Devon are very generally derived from that language; e.g.
+taking a few only in the neighbourhood of Totnes--Berry, Buckyatt,
+Dartington, Halwell, Harberton, Hamstead, Hempstin, Stancombe.
+
+First, of the termination _ais_ or _eis_. The names of many places of
+inferior consequence in Devon end in _hays_, from the Ang.-Saxon _heag_,
+a hedge or inclosure; but this rarely, if ever, designates a town or a
+place beyond a farmstead, and seems to have been of later application as
+to a new location or subinfeudation; for it is never found in Domesday
+Book. In that ancient record the word _aisse_ is often found alone, and
+often as a prefix and as a terminal; e.g., Aisbertone, Niresse,
+Aisseford, Aisselie, &c. This is the Ang.-Saxon _Aesc_, an ash; and it
+is uniformly so rendered in English: but it also means a ship or boat,
+as built of ash. _Toten_, the major of the name, is, I have no doubt,
+the genitive of _Tohta_, "dux, herzog," a leader or commander. Thus we
+have _Tohtanoesc_, the vessel of the leader, or the commander's
+ship,--commemorating the fact that the boat of some great invader was
+brought to land at this place.
+
+S.S.S
+
+
+_AEdricus qui Signa fundebat_ (Vol. ii., p. 199), must surely have been a
+bell-founder: signum is a very common word, in mediaeval writings, for a
+"bell."
+
+D. ROCK
+
+
+_Fiz-gig_ (Vol. ii, p. 120).--I had expected that your Querist C.B.
+would have received an {238} immediate reply to his Query as to the
+meaning of _fiz-gig_, because the word is in Johnson's _Dictionary_,
+where he may also see the line from Sandys' _Job_, in which it caught
+his attention.
+
+You may as well, therefore, tell him two things,--that _fiz-gig_ means a
+fish-cart and that Querists should abstain from soliciting your aid in
+all cases where a common dictionary would give them the information they
+want.
+
+H.W.
+
+
+_Guineas_ (Vol. ii., p. 10.).--The coin named in the document quoted by
+A.J.H. is the _Guiennois_ a gold piece struck at Guienne by Edward III.,
+and also by his son the Black Prince. It is not likely that the
+Guiennois was the original of the name given to the new gold coin of
+Charles II., because it could have had no claim to preference beyond the
+_Mouton_, the _Chaise_, the _Pavillon_, or any other old Anglo-Gallic
+coin. I think we may rest contented with the statement of Leake (who
+wrote not much more than half a century after the event), and who says
+that the _Guinea_ was so called from the gold of which it was made
+having been brought from Guinea by the African Company, whose stamp of
+an elephant was ordered to be impressed upon it.
+
+J.C. Witton.
+
+
+_Numismatics._--My thanks are due to Mr. J.C. Witton (Vol. ii., p. 42.)
+for his replies to my Numismatic Queries, though I cannot coincide with
+his opinion on Nos. 1. and 3.
+
+No ancient forger would have taken the pains to cut a die to strike lead
+from; and my specimen, from its sharpness, has clearly never been in
+circulation: why may it not have been a proof from the original die?
+
+Of No. 2. I have since been shown several specimens, which had before, I
+suppose, escaped my notice.
+
+On the coin of Macrinus, the letter below the S.C. now clearly appears
+to be an [Greek: eta], but the one above is not a [Greek: Delta], but
+rather an L or inverted T. It cannot stand for [Greek: Lykabas], as on
+the Egyptian coinage, as Macrinus was slain by his soldiers the year
+after his accession.
+
+The Etruscilla, even under a powerful magnifier, betrays no trace of
+ever having been plated and has all the marks by which numismatists
+determine the genuineness of a coin. The absence of S.C., I must remind
+Mr. W., is not uncommon on _third_ brass, though of course it always
+appears on the first and second.
+
+I need go no farther than the one just mentioned of Tiberius, which has
+no S.C., and I possess several others which are deficient in this
+particular, a Severus Alexander, Elagabalus, &c. After Gallienus it
+never appears.
+
+E.S.T.
+
+
+_Querela Cantabrigiensis_ (Vol. ii, p. 168.).--Dr. Peter Barwick, in the
+life of his brother, Dr. Jno. Barwick (Eng. Edit. Lond. 1724, 8vo.),
+after describing the treatment of the University by Cromwell, adds (p.
+32.) "But Mr. Barwick, no inconsiderable part of this tragedy, together
+with others of the University, groaning under the same yoke of tyranny,
+and each taking a particular account of the sufferings of his own
+college, gave a distinct narrative of all these barbarities, and under
+the title of _Querela Cantabrigiensis_, or the _University of
+Cambridge's Complaint_, got it printed by the care of Mr. R---- B----,
+bookseller of _London_ who did great service to his King and country, by
+printing, and dispersing in the most difficult times, books written in
+defence of the royal cause." See also _Biog. Brit._, article "Barwick".
+
+John I. Dredge.
+
+
+_Ben Johnson_ (Vol. ii., p. 167.)--So the name was spelt by most of his
+contemporaries. The poem mentioned by N.A.B. is printed in the
+_Underwoods_, Gifford's edition, ix., 68; but the MS. may contain
+variations worthy of notice. I should doubt its being autograph, not
+merely because the poet spelt his name without the _h_, but because the
+verses in question are only part of his _Eupheme_.
+
+J.O. Halliwell.
+
+
+_Barclay's "Argenis"._--Since I sent you a Query on this subject, I have
+heard of _one_ translation, by Miss Clara Reeve, the authoress of _The
+Old English Baron_ and other works. She commenced her literary career, I
+believe, by a translation of this work, which she published in 1772,
+under the title of _The Phoenix_.
+
+Jarltzberg.
+
+
+_Hockey_ (Vol. i., p. 457.).--I have not observed that this has been yet
+noticed: if such be the case, permit me to refer to a letter of the poet
+Cowper, dated 5th Nov., 1785 (5th vol. _Works_, edit. by Southey, p.
+174.) in which, alluding to that day, he says,
+
+    "The boys at Olney have likewise a very entertaining sport which
+    commences annually upon this day; they call it _hockey_, and it
+    consists in dashing each other with mud, and the windows also,
+    so that I am forced to rise now and then and to threaten them
+    with a horsewhip, to preserve our own."
+
+F.R.A.
+
+
+_Praed's Poetical Works_ (Vol. ii., p. 190.).--Your Cambridge
+correspondent, Mr. Cooper, will be glad to know that Praed's _poems_ are
+published in a collected form; _Poetical Works of Winthrop Mackworth
+Praed, now first collected by Rufus W. Griswold; New York_, 1844. This
+collection contains some thirty-six pieces. The longest poems, "Lillian"
+and "The Troubadour," each in two cantos, display passages of great
+beauty and exquisite musical flow. Among the charades, five in number,
+"Sir Harry, he charged at Agincourt", is not to be found.
+
+W.M. Kingsmill.
+
+       *       *       *       *       * {239}
+
+
+MISCELLANEOUS
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+We announced, after the last Annual Meetings of the Shakspeare Society,
+that it had been determined to publish a complete set of the Plays of
+one of Shakspeare's most prolific and interesting contemporaries, Thomas
+Heywood; and that the first volume of such collection, containing Six
+Plays, was then ready. A further contribution towards this collection,
+containing _The Royal King and Loyal Subject_, which has not been
+reprinted since the old edition of 1637, and his very popular drama, _A
+Woman killed with Kindness_, has just been issued, with an Introduction
+and Notes by J. Payne Collier, Esq., the zealous and indefatigable
+Director of the Society, and will, we are sure, be welcomed by every
+lover of our early drama. The Shakspeare Society will, indeed, do good
+service to the cause of our early literature if it prove the means of
+securing us, a uniform series of the works of such of our Elizabethan
+dramatists as do not stand sufficiently high in the opinion of the
+uninitiated, to tempt the publishing world to put forth their
+productions in a collected form.
+
+We have received the following Catalogues:--John Petheram's (94. High
+Holborn) Catalogue, Part CXV. (No. 9. for 1850), of Old and New Books;
+Cole's (15. Great Turnstile) List, No. XXVIII., of Useful Second-hand
+Books.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+Diurnal Readings, 1 vol. 8vo.
+
+Scottish Poems collected by Pinkerton, 2 vols. sm. 8vo., 1792.
+
+ODD VOLUMES
+
+Bell's Shakspeare's Plays and Poems. Vol. I.
+
+Ivimey's History of the Baptists. Vol. II.
+
+Edwards' Gangraena. Parts II. and III.
+
+Asiatic Annual Register. Vol. VII. for 1805.
+
+Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES", 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+Nocab _is informed that the Prelate to whom he refers was created a D.D.
+by the late Archbishop of Canterbury. It certainly is not necessary that
+the recipient of such a degree should have previously taken that of M.A.
+or B.A._
+
+H.I.G., _Northampton. The Editor would be happy to insert the Question
+of this Correspondent, relating to the Epistles of St. Paul, but he
+apprehends that the discussion to which it would give rise would, in
+order to its being of any use, require more space than could be
+afforded, and involve a good deal of criticism and argument not suited
+to these columns._
+
+A.B. _(Bradpole) will find a notice of the line "Incidis in Scyllam",
+&c., which is taken from Gualter de Lisle's Alexandriad, in Notes and
+Queries, Vol. ii., p. 86._
+
+_The loan of a copy of the Teseide is freely offered to our Brighton
+correspondent_.
+
+To be Published by Subscription, in 3 vols. fcp. 8vo.
+
+I. NORTHERN MYTHOLOGY, comprising the Principal Later Superstitions of
+Scandinavia.
+
+II. POPULAR TRADITIONS of Scandinavia and the Netherlands. By B. Thorpe.
+
+The work will be sent to press as soon as the number subscribed for
+shall be adequate to cover the cost of printing.
+
+Names received by Messrs. R. and J.E. Taylor, Red Lion Court,
+Fleet-street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE and
+HISTORICAL REVIEW for AUGUST contains,
+among other articles,
+
+Unpublished Anecdotes of Sir Thomas Wyatt.
+
+Roman Art at Cirencester (with Engravings).
+
+The Congress of Vienna and Prince de Ligne.
+
+Letter of H.R.H. the Duke of York in 1787.
+
+Monuments in Oxford Cathedral (with two Plates).
+
+Michael Drayton and his "Idea's Mirrour."
+
+Date of the erection of Chaucer's Tomb.
+
+Letters of Dr. Maitland and Mr. Stephens on The Ecclesiastical History
+Society: with Remarks.
+
+The British Museum Catalogue and Mr. Panizzi.
+
+Reviews of Correspondence of Charles V., the Life of Southey, &c., &c.,
+Notes of the Month, Literary and Antiquarian Intelligence, Historical
+Chronicle, and Obituary. Price 2s.6d.
+
+"The Gentleman's Magazine has been revived with a degree of spirit and
+talent which promises the best assurance of its former
+popularity."--_Taunton Courier._
+
+"A better or more valuable work for country book societies, lending
+libraries, and reading rooms, it is impossible to find within the whole
+compass of English literature. Its literary articles are peculiarly
+sound in principle, and its criticisms liberal but just; whilst its
+Obituary confers upon it a national importance. We are sure then we
+cannot do a better service to our friends, and more especially to those
+connected with institutions like those we have adverted to, than in
+recommending this work to their support."--_Nottingham Review_.
+
+Nichols and Son, 25. Parliament Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BUILDING FOR THE EXHIBITION OF INDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS, 1851.
+
+THE ATHENAEUM
+
+Of Saturday, August 31st, contains a perspective view of Mr. Paxton's
+design for the building as finally approved by Her Majesty's
+Commissioners, and now in course of erection in Hyde Park. The Athenaeum
+of Saturday, the 7th of September, will contain a view of the south
+front, a view of the east front, a portion on an enlarged scale, and a
+ground plan.
+
+Several journals having published views of a building which it was
+supposed would be the building erected, the publisher of The Athenaeum
+considers it proper to state that the views announced above have never
+been seen by the public, and are totally dissimilar to those engraved in
+the professional journals.
+
+The Athenaeum is published every Saturday, and may be had, by order, of
+any Bookseller, price 4d., or stamped to pass free by post, 5d.; and
+contains,
+
+Reviews, with extracts, of every important new English book, and of the
+more important foreign.
+
+Reports of the learned and scientific societies, with abstracts of all
+papers of interest.
+
+Authentic Accounts of all scientific voyages and expeditions.
+
+Criticisms on Art, with critical notices of exhibitions, picture
+collections, new prints, &c.
+
+Foreign Correspondence on literature, science, and art.
+
+Music and Drama, including reports on the opera, concerts, theatres, new
+music, &c.
+
+Biographical Notices of men distinguished in literature, science, and
+art.
+
+Original Papers and Poems.
+
+Miscellanea, including all that is likely to interest the informed and
+intelligent.
+
+The Athenaeum is so conducted that the reader, however far distant, is,
+in respect to literature, science, and the arts, on an equality, in
+point of information, with the best-informed circles of the metropolis.
+
+The publisher will on this occasion send a single copy on receipt of
+five postage stamps.
+
+Office, 14. Wellington-Street North, Strand, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       * {240}
+
+BOOKS RECENTLY PUBLISHED
+BY
+JOHN HENRY PARKER,
+OXFORD AND 377. STRAND, LONDON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+I. THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND LEAVES HER CHILDREN FREE TO WHOM TO OPEN THEIR
+GRIEFS. A Letter to the Rev. W.U. RICHARDS, Minister of Margaret Chapel.
+By the Rev. E.B. PUSEY, D.D. 8vo. 5s.
+
+II. THE ROYAL SUPREMACY NOT AN ARBITRARY AUTHORITY, BUT LIMITED BY THE
+LAWS OF THE CHURCH OF WHICH KINGS ARE MEMBERS. By the Rev. E.B. PUSEY,
+D.D., Regius Professor of Hebrew, Canon of Christ Church, late Fellow of
+Oriel College. Part 1. Ancient Precedents. 8vo. 7s. Part II. in the
+press.
+
+III. THE CHARACTER OF PILATE AND THE SPIRIT OF THE AGE. A Course of
+Sermons preached at the Chapel Royal, Whitehall, by the Rev. W. SEWELL,
+B.D., Fellow and Tutor of Exeter College, and Whitehall Preacher, 12mo.
+Price 4s. 6d.
+
+IV. WESTMINSTER CHURCHES. A Sermon preached in the Chapel Royal,
+Whitehall, on the Fourth Sunday after Easter, 1850. By the Rev. W.
+SEWELL. 12mo. 6d.
+
+V. DAILY STEPS TOWARDS HEAVEN. A small pocket volume, containing a few
+PRACTICAL THOUGHTS on the GOSPEL HISTORY, with Texts for every Day in
+the Year, commencing with Advent. A new edition, cloth, 2s. 6d.; bound,
+4s.
+
+VI. HYMNALE SECUNDUM USUM INSIGNIS AC PRAECLARAE ECCLESIAE
+SARISBURIENSIS. Accedunt Hymni quidam secundum usus Matris Ecclesiae
+Eboracensis et insignis Ecclesiae Herford. 18mos. cloth. 3s. 6d.
+
+VII. A REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE GENERAL MEETING OF CLERGY AND
+LAITY AT ST. MARTIN'S HALL, AND FREEMASONS' HALL, July 23, 1850.
+Reprinted from the "Guardian," with Revisions. 12mo. Price 6d.
+
+VIII. FIVE SERMONS ON THE PRINCIPLES OF FAITH AND CHURCH AUTHORITY. By
+the Rev. C. MARRIOTT, B.D., Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, and Vicar
+of St. Mary the Virgin, in Oxford. 8vo. 2s. 6d.
+
+IX. A PLEA FOR THE FAITHFUL RESTORATION OF OUR ANCIENT CHURCHES. By
+GEORGE GILBERT SCOTT, Architect. Crown 8vo. 2s. 6d.
+
+X. AN ESSAY ON THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF WINDOW TRACERY IN ENGLAND.
+With Numerous Illustrations. Two Parts, 8vo., price 5s. each.
+
+XI. A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN GRECIAN, ROMAN, ITALIAN, AND GOTHIC
+ARCHITECTURE. Exemplified by upwards of Eighteen Hundred Illustrations,
+drawn from the best Examples. Fifth Edition, 3 vols. 8vo. cloth, gilt
+tops, 2l. 8s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE PUBLISHERS' CIRCULAR AND GENERAL RECORD OF BRITISH and FOREIGN
+LITERATURE, containing a complete alphabetical list of all new works
+published in Great Britain, and every work of interest published abroad.
+On the 15th instant, will be published No. 312. vol. xiii. price 4d.,
+(subscription, 8s. per annum), _stamped_. To book societies,
+book-buyers, and all persons engaged in literary pursuits, the
+"Circular" is of material service, containing, as it does, a perfect
+transcript of the Title, number of Pages and Plates, Size, and Price of
+every Book published in the United Kingdom, or imported from Foreign
+Countries,--a desideratum never before attempted in England. It contains
+also the Advertisements and Announcements of all the principal
+publishing houses. To publishers it is one of the most useful channels
+for advertising their publications, as well as all other matters
+relating to the trade, there being but few booksellers who do not find
+it to their interest to read and circulate it. Issued every Fortnight.
+Published on the 1st and 15th of every month, by SAMPSON LOW, at the
+office, 169. Fleet-street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Preparing for publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo.
+
+THE FOLK-LORE of ENGLAND. By WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the
+Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and Legends of
+all Nations," &c. One objec. of the present work is to furnish new
+contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; and especially
+some of the more striking Illustrations of the subject to be found in
+the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries.
+
+Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and
+Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and
+will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed to
+the care of Mr. BELL, Office of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TESTIMONIAL TO DR. CONOLLY.--At a meeting held at 12. Old Burlington
+Street, Saturday, August 3d. 1850, the Right Hon. Lord Ashley in the
+chair; the following resolutions among others were unanimously agreed
+to:
+
+That Dr. JOHN CONOLLY, of Hanwell, is, in the opinion of this meeting,
+eminently entitled to some public mark of esteem and gratitude, for his
+long, zealous, disinterested, and most successful labours in
+ameliorating the treatment of the insane.
+
+That a committee be now formed, for the purpose of carrying into effect
+the foregoing Resolution, by making the requisite arrangements for the
+presentation to Dr. Conolly of _A Public Testimonial_, commemorative of
+his invaluable services in the cause of humanity, and expressive of the
+just appreciation of those services by his numerous friends and
+admirers, and by the public generally.
+
+THE COMMITTEE subsequently resolved:
+
+That in the opinion of the committee, the most appropriate Testimonial
+will be a PORTRAIT of Dr. CONOLLY (for which he is requested to sit), to
+be presented to his family, and an ENGRAVING of the same, to be
+presented to the subscribers; and that the ultimate arrangement of this
+latter point be made at a future meeting of the committee.
+
+It has been determined that the individual subscriptions shall be
+limited to Five Guineas; that subscribers of Two Guineas and upwards
+shall receive a proof impression of the Engraving; and subscribers of
+One Guinea, a print.
+
+It is also proposed to present Dr. CONOLLY with a piece of plate, should
+the funds permit after defraying the expenses of the painting and
+engraving.
+
+Subscribers' names and subscriptions will be received by the
+secretaries, at 12. Old Burlington Street, and 4. Burlington Gardens,
+and by the Treasurers, at the Union Bank, Regent Street Branch, Argyll
+Place, London. Post-office Orders should be made payable at the
+Post-office _Piccadilly_, to one of the Secretaries.
+
+JOHN FORBES,
+RICHARD FRANKUM,
+_Secretaries_.
+
+_London, August 3d, 1850_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, September 7. 1850.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 45, Saturday,
+September 7, 1850, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 45, ***
+
+***** This file should be named 13427.txt or 13427.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/4/2/13427/
+
+Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team and The Internet Library of Early Journals,
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.