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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 36. Saturday, July 6,
+1850, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes & Queries, No. 36. Saturday, July 6, 1850
+       A Medium Of Inter-Communication For Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, Etc.
+
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: September 3, 2004 [EBook #13361]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 36. ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jon Ingram, David King, the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team and The Internet Library of Early Journals,
+
+
+
+
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS,
+ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. 36.] SATURDAY, JULY 6, 1850. [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *{81}
+
+CONTENTS
+
+NOTES:--
+  Further Notes on Derivation of the Word "News", by
+    Samuel Hickson 81
+  More Borrowed Thoughts, by S. W. Singer 82
+  Strangers in the House of Commons, by C. Ross 83
+  Folk Lore:--High Spirits considered a Presage of impending
+    Calamity, by C Forbes 84
+  The Hydro-Incubator, by H. Kersley 84
+  Etymology of the Word "Parliament" 85
+   "Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim," by
+    C. Forbes and T. H. Friswell 85
+  A Note of Admiration! 86
+  The Earl of Norwich and his Son George Lord
+    Goring, by CH. and Lord Braybooke 86
+
+QUERIES:--
+  James Carkasse's Lucida Intervalla 87
+  Minor Queries:--Epigrams on the Universities--Lammas'Day--Mother
+  Grey's Apples--Jewish Music--The Plant "Haemony"--Ventriloquism--
+    Epigram on Statue of French King--Lux fiat-Hiring of Servants--
+    Book of Homilies--Collar of SS.--Rainbow--Passage in Lucan--William
+    of Wykeham--Richard Baxter's Descendants--Passage in St. Peter--
+    Juicecups--Derivation of "Yote" or "Yeot"--Pedigree of Greene
+    Family--Family of Love--Sir Gammer Vans 87
+
+REPLIES:--
+  Punishment of Death by Burning 90
+  To give a Man Horns, by C. Forbes and J.E.B. Mayor 90
+  Replies to Minor Queries:--Shipster--Three Dukes--Bishops
+    and their Precedence--Why Moses represented with
+    Horns--Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of his Time--New
+    Edition of Milton--Christian Captives--Borrowed Thoughts--North
+    Sides of Churchyards--Monastery--Churchyards--Epitaphs--Umbrellas--
+    English Translations of Erasmus--Chantrey's Sleeping Children, & c.
+    91
+
+MISCELLANIES:--
+  Separation of the Sexes in Time of Divine Service--Error
+    in Winstanley's Loyal Martyrology--Preaching in Nave only 94
+
+MISCELLANEOUS:--
+  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, Sales, & c. 95
+  Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 95
+  Notices to Correspondents 95
+  Advertisements 96
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NOTES
+
+FURTHER NOTES ON DERIVATION OF THE WORD "NEWS".
+
+Without being what the Germans would call a _purist_, I cannot deem it
+an object of secondary importance to defend the principles of the law
+and constitution of the English language. For the adoption of words we
+have no rule; and we act just as our convenience or necessity dictates:
+but in their formation we must strictly conform to the laws we find
+established. Your correspondents C.B. and A.E.B. (Vol. ii., p. 23.) seem
+to me strangely to misconceive the real point at issue between us. To a
+question by the latter, why I should attempt to derive "News" indirectly
+from a German adjective, I answer, because in its transformation into a
+German noun declined as an adjective, it gives the form which I contend
+no English process will give. The rule your correspondents deduce from
+this, neither of them, it appears, can understand. As I am not certain
+that their deduction is a correct one, I beg to express it in my own
+words as follows:--There is no such process known to the English
+language as the formation of a noun-singular out of an adjective by the
+addition of "_s_": neither is there any process known by which a
+noun-plural can be formed from an adjective, without the previous
+formation of the singular in the same sense; except in such cases as
+"the rich, the poor, the noble," &c., where the singular form is used in
+a plural sense. C.B. instances "goods, the shallows, blacks, for
+mourning, greens." To the first of these I have already referred;
+"shallow" is unquestionably a noun-singular; and to the remaining
+instances the following remarks will apply.
+
+As it should be understood that my argument applies solely to the
+_English_ language, I think I might fairly take exception to a string of
+instances with which A.E.B. endeavours to refute me from a vocabulary of
+a language very expressive, no doubt, yet commonly called "slang". The
+words in question are not English: I never use them myself, nor do I
+recognise the right or necessity for any one else to do so; and I might,
+indeed, deem this a sufficient answer. But the fact is that the language
+in some degree is losing its instincts, and liberties are taken with it
+now that it would not have allowed in its younger days. Have we not seen
+participial adjectives made from nouns? I shall therefore waive my
+objection, and answer by saying that there is no analogy between the
+instances given and the case in point. They are, one and all, elliptical
+expressions signifying "black clothes, green vegetables, tight
+pantaloons, heavy dragoons, odd chances," &c. "Blacks" and "whites" are
+not in point, the singular of either being quite as admissible as the
+plural. The rule, if it be worth while to lay down a rule for the
+formation of such vulgarisms, appears to be {82} that characteristic
+adjective, in constant conjunction with a noun in common use, may be
+used alone, the noun being understood. Custom has limited in some
+measure the use of these abridged titles to classes or collective
+bodies, and the adjective takes the same form that the noun itself would
+have had; but, in point of fact, it would be just as good English to say
+"a heavy" as "the heavies" and they all become unintelligible when we
+lose sight of the noun to which they belong. If A.E.B. should assert
+that a glass of "cold without," _because_, by those accustomed to
+indulge in such potations, it was understood to mean "brandy and _cold_
+water, _without_ sugar," was really a draught from some "well of purest
+English undefil'd," the confusion of ideas could not be more complete.
+
+Indeed, I very much doubt whether our word "News" contains the idea of
+"new" at all. It is used with us to mean intelligence and the phrases,
+"Is there any thing new?" and "Is there any news?" present, in my
+opinion, two totally distinct ideas to the English mind in its ordinary
+mechanical action. "Intelligence" is not necessarily "new", nor indeed
+is "News:" in the oldest dictionary I possess, Baret's _Alvearie_, 1573,
+I find "Olde newes or stale newes." A.E.B. is very positive that "news"
+is plural, and he cites the "Cardinal of York" to prove it. All that I
+can say is, that I think the Cardinal of York was wrong: and A.E.B.
+thought so too, when his object was not to confound me, as may be seen
+by his own practice in bloc concluding paragraph of his
+communication:--"The _newes_ WAS of the victory," &c. The word "means,"
+on the other hand, is beyond all dispute plural. What says Shakspeare?
+
+  "Yet nature is made letter by no mean
+  But nature makes that mean."
+
+The plural was formed by the addition of "_s_:" yet from the infrequent
+use of the word except in the plural, the singular form has become
+obsolete, and the same form applies now to both numbers. Those who would
+apply this reasoning to "News," forget that there is the slight
+difficulty of the absence of the _noun_ "new" to start from.
+
+I do not feel bound to furnish proof of so obvious a fact, that many of
+the most striking similarities in language are mere coincidences. Words
+derived from the same root, and retaining the same meaning, frequently
+present the most dissimilar appearance, as "eveque" and "bishop;" and
+the most distant roots frequently meet in the same word. When your
+correspondents, therefore, remind me that there is a French word,
+_noise_, I must remind them that it contains not one element of our
+English word. Richardson gives the French word, but evidently discards
+it, preferring the immediate derivation from "_noy_, that which noies or
+annoys." I confess I do not understand his argument; but it was
+referring to this that I said that our only known process would make a
+plural noun of it. I have an impression that I have met with "annoys"
+used by poetical license for "annoyances."
+
+"Noise" has never been used in the sense of the French word in this
+country. If derived immediately from the French, it is hardly probable
+that it should so entirely have lost every particle of its original
+meaning. With us it is either _a loud sound_, or _fame, report, rumour_,
+being in this sense rendered in the Latin by the same two words, _fama,
+rumor_, as News. The former sense is strictly consequential to the
+latter, which I believe to be the original signification, as shown in
+its use in the following passages:--
+
+  "At the same time it was noised abroad in the realme"
+
+_Holinshed_.
+
+  Cleopatra, catching but the least noise of this, dies
+  instantly.
+
+_Ant. and Cleo._, Act i. Sc. 2.
+
+  _Cre_. What was his cause of anger?
+  _Ser_. The noise goes, this.
+
+_Troil. and Cres._, Act. i. Sc. 2.
+
+Whether I or your correspondents be right, will remain perhaps for ever
+doubtful; but the flight that can discover a relationship between this
+word and another pronounced[1] as nearly the same as the two languages
+will admit of, and which gives at all events one sense, if not, as I
+think, the primary one, is scarcely so eccentric as that which finds the
+origin of a word signifying a loud sound, and fame, or rumor, in
+"nisus"; not even _struggle_, in the sense of _contention_, an endeavour
+an effort, a strain.
+
+SAMUEL HICKSON.
+
+St. John's Wood, June 15, 1850.
+
+[Footnote 1: I do not think it necessary, here, to defend my
+pronunciation of German; the expressions I now use being sufficient for
+the purpose of my argument. I passed over CH.'s observation on this
+subject, because it did not appear to me to touch the question.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MORE BORROWED THOUGHTS.
+
+  O many are the poets that are sown
+  By nature men endowed with highest gifts,
+  The vision and the facility divine,
+  Yet wanting the accomplishment of verse,
+  Nor having e'er, as life advanced, been led
+  by circumstance to take the height,
+  The measure of themselves, &c.
+
+Wordsworth's _Excursion_, B. i.
+
+This admired passage has its prototype in the following from the
+_Lettere di Battista Guarini_, who points to a thought of similar kind
+in Dante:--
+
+"O quante nolili ingegni si perdono che riuscerebbe mirabili [in poesia]
+se dal seguir le inchinazione loro non fossero, o da loro appetiti o da
+i Padri loro sviati."
+
+Coleridge, in his _Bibliographia Literaria_, 1st ed., vol. i. p. 28.,
+relates a story of some one who desired {83} to be introduced to him,
+but hesitated because he asserted that he had written an epigram on "The
+Ancient Mariner," which Coleridge had himself written and inserted in
+_The Morning Post_, to this effect:--
+
+  "Your poem must eternal be
+  Dear Sir! it cannot fail;
+  For 'tis incomprehensible,
+  And without head or tail."
+
+This was, however, only a Gadshill robbery,--stealing stolen goods. The
+following epigram is said to be by Mr. Hole, in a MS. collection made by
+Spence (penes me), and it appeared first in print in _Terrae Filius_,
+from whence Dr. Salter copied it in his _Confusion worse Confounded_, p.
+88:--
+
+  "Thy verses are eternal, O my friend!
+  For he who reads them, reads them to no end."
+
+In _The Crypt_, a periodical published by the late Rev. P. Hall, vol. i.
+p. 30., I find the following attributed to Coleridge, but I know not on
+what authority, as it does not appear among his collected poems:--
+
+JOB'S LUCK, BY S. T. COLERIDGE, ESQ.
+
+    "Sly Beelzebub took all occasions
+    To try Job's constancy and patience;
+    He took his honours, took his health,
+    He took his children, took his wealth,
+    His camels, horses, asses, cows,--
+  Still the sly devil did not take his spouse.
+    "But heav'n, that brings out good from evil,
+    And likes to disappoint the devil,
+    Had predetermined to restore
+    Two-fold of all Job had before,
+    His children, camels, asses, cows,--
+  Short-sighted devil, not to take his spouse."
+
+This is merely an amplified version of the 199th epigram of the 3d Book
+of Owen:
+
+  "Divitias Jobo, sobolemque, ipsamque salutem
+    Abstulit (hoc Domino non prohibens) Satan.
+  Omnibus ablatis, misero, tamen una superstes,
+    Quae magis afflictum redderet, uxor erat."
+
+Of this there are several imitations in French, three of which are given
+in the _Epigrammes Choisies d'Owen_, par M. de Kerivalant, published by
+Labouisse at Lyons in 1819.
+
+S.W. SINGER.
+
+Mickleham, 1850.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+STRANGERS IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 17.)
+
+As far as my observation extends, i.e. the last thirty-one years, no
+alteration has taken place in the practice of the House of Commons with
+respect to the admission of strangers. In 1844 the House adopted the
+usual sessional order regarding strangers, which I transcribe, inserting
+within brackets the only material words added by Mr. Christie in 1845:--
+
+    "That the Serjeant-at-Arms attending this house do, from time to
+    time, take into his custody any stranger or strangers that he
+    shall see or be informed of to be in the house or gallery
+    [appropriated to the members of this house, and also any
+    stranger who, having been admitted into any other part of the
+    house or gallery, shall misconduct himself, or shall not
+    withdraw when strangers are directed to withdraw] while the
+    House or any committee of the whole House is sitting, and that
+    no person so taken into custody be discharged out of custody
+    without the special order of the House.
+
+    "That no member of the House do presume to bring any stranger or
+    strangers into the house, or the gallery thereof, while the
+    House is sitting."
+
+This order appears to have been framed at a time when there was no
+separate gallery exclusively appropriated to strangers, and when they
+were introduced by members into the gallery of what is called the "body
+of the house." This state of things had passed away: and for a long
+series of years strangers had been admitted to a gallery in the House of
+Commons in the face of the sessional order, by which your correspondent
+CH. imagines their presence was "absolutely prohibited."
+
+When I speak of strangers being admitted, it must not be supposed that
+this was done by order of the House. No, every thing relating to the
+admission of strangers to, and their accommodation in the House of
+Commons, is effected by some mysterious agency for which no one is
+directly responsible. Mr. Barry has built galleries for strangers in the
+new house; but if the matter were made a subject of inquiry, it probably
+would puzzle him to state under what authority he has acted.
+
+Mr. Christie wished to make the sessional order applicable to existing
+circumstances; and, it may be, he desired to draw from the House a
+direct sanction for the admission of strangers. In the latter purpose,
+however, if he ever entertained it, he failed. The wording of his
+amendment is obscure, but necessarily so. The word "gallery," as
+employed by him, can only refer to the gallery appropriated to members
+of the House; but he intended it to apply to the strangers' gallery. The
+order should have run thus, "admitted into any other part of the house,
+or into the gallery appropriated to strangers;" but Mr. Christie well
+knew that the House would not adopt those words, because they contain an
+admission that strangers _are_ present whilst the House is sitting,
+whereas it is a parliamentary fiction that they are _not_. If a member
+in debate should inadvertently allude to the possibility of his
+observations being heard by a stranger, the Speaker would immediately
+call him to order; yet at other times the right honourable gentleman
+will listen complacently to discussions {84} arising out of the
+complaints of members that strangers will not publish to the world all
+that they hear pass in debate. This is one of the consistencies
+resulting from the determination of the House not expressly to recognise
+the presence of strangers; but, after all, I am not aware that any
+practical inconvenience flows from it. The non-reporting strangers
+occupy a gallery at the end of the house immediately opposite the
+Speaker's chair; but the right hon. gentleman, proving the truth of the
+saying, "None so blind as he who will not see," never perceives them
+until just as a division is about to take place, when he invariably
+orders them to withdraw. When a member wishes to exclude strangers he
+addresses the Speaker, saying, "I think, Sir, I see a stranger or
+strangers in the house," whereupon the Speaker instantly directs
+strangers to withdraw. The Speaker issues his order in these
+words:--"Strangers must withdraw."
+
+C. Ross.
+
+_Strangers in the House of Commons_.--As a rider to the notice of CH. in
+"NOTES AND QUERIES," it may be well to quote for correction the
+following remarks in a clever article in the last _Edinburgh Review_, on
+Mr. Lewis' _Authority in Matters of Opinion_. The Reviewer says (p.
+547.):--
+
+"_This practice_ (viz., of publishing the debates in the House of
+Commons) _which, &c., is not merely unprotected by law--it is positively
+illegal_. Even the presence of auditors is a violation of the standing
+orders of the House."
+
+ED. S. JACKSON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_High Spirits considered a Presage of impending Calamity or Death_:--
+
+  1. "How oft when men are at the point of death
+  Have they been merry! which their keepers call
+  A lightning before death."
+
+_Romeo and Juliet_, Act v. Sc. 3.
+
+2. "C'etait le jour de Noel [1759]. Je m'etais leve d'assez bonne heure,
+et avec une humeur plus gaie que de coutume. Dans les idees de vieille
+femme, cela presage toujours quelque chose do triste.... Pour cette fois
+pourtunt le hasard justifia la croyance."--_Memoires de J. Casanova_,
+vol. iii p. 29.
+
+3. "Upon Saturday last ... the Duke did rise up, in a well-disposed
+humour, out of his bed, and cut a caper or two.... Lieutenant Felton
+made a thrust with a common tenpenny knife, over Fryer's arm at the
+Duke, which lighted so fatally, that he slit his heart in two, leaving
+the knife sticking in the body."--_Death of Duke of Buckingham_; Howell.
+_Fam. Letters_, Aug. 5, 1628.
+
+4. "On this fatal evening [Feb. 20, 1435], the revels of the court were
+kept up to a late hour ... the prince himself appears to have been in
+unusually gay and cheerful spirits. He even jested, if we may believe
+the cotemporary manuscript, about a prophecy which had declared that a
+king should that year be slain."--_Death of King James I_.; Tytler,
+_Hist. Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 306.
+
+5. "'I think,' said the old gardener to one of the maids, 'the gauger's
+_fie_;' by which word the common people express those violent spirits
+which they think a presage of death."--_Guy Mannering_, chap. 9.
+
+6. "H.W.L." said: "I believe the bodies of the four persons seen by the
+jury, were those of G.B., W.B., J.B., and T.B. On Friday night they were
+all very merry, and Mrs. B. said she feared something would happen
+before they went to bed, because they were so happy."--_Evidence given
+at inquest on bodies of four persons killed by explosion of
+firework-manufactory in Bermondsey_, Friday, Oct. 12, 1849. See _Times_,
+Oct. 17, 1849.
+
+Nos. 1, 2, 5, 6, are evidently notices of the Belief; Nos. 3, 4, are
+"what you will." Many of your correspondents may be able to supply
+earlier and more curious illustrations.
+
+C. FORBES
+
+June 19.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE HYDRO-INCUBATOR.
+
+Most, if not all, of your readers have heard of the newly-invented
+machine for hatching and rearing in chickens, without the maternal aid
+of the hen; probably many of them have paid a visit (and a _shilling_)
+at No. 4. Leicester Square, where the incubator is to be seen in full
+operation. The following extract will, therefore, be acceptable, as it
+tends to show the truth of the inspired writer's words, "There is no new
+thing under the sun:"--
+
+    "Therefore ... it were well we made our remarks in some
+    creatures, that might be continually in our power, to observe in
+    them the course of nature, every day and hour. Sir _John
+    Heydon_, the Lieutenant of his Majesties Ordnance (that generous
+    and knowing gentleman and consummate souldier, both in theory
+    and practice) was the first that instructed me how to do this,
+    by means of a furnace, so made as to imitate the warmth of a
+    sitting hen. In which you may lay several eggs to hatch and by
+    breaking them at several ages, you may distinctly observe every
+    hourly mutation in them, if you please. The first will be, that
+    on one side you shall find a great resplendent clearness in the
+    white. After a while, a little spot of red matter, like blood
+    will appear in the midst of that clearness, fast'ned to the
+    yolk, which will have a motion of opening and shutting, so as
+    sometimes you will see it, and straight again it will vanish
+    from your sight, and indeed, at first it is so little that you
+    cannot see it, but by the motion of it; for at every pulse, as
+    it opens you may see it, and immediately again it shuts, in such
+    sort as it is not to be discerned. From this red speck, after a
+    while, there will stream out a number of little (almost
+    imperceptible) red veins. At the end of some of which, in time,
+    there will be gathered together a knot of matter, which by
+    little and little will take the form of a head and you will, ere
+    long, begin to discern eyes and a beak in it. All this while the
+    first red spot of blood grows bigger and solider, till at length
+    it becomes {85} a fleshy substance, and, by its figure, may easily
+    be discern'd to be the heart; which as yet hath no other inclosure
+    but the substance of the egg. But by little and little, the rest
+    of the body of an animal is framed out of those red veins which
+    stream out all about from the heart. And in process of time,
+    that body encloses the heart within it by the chest, which grows
+    over on both sides, and in the end meets and closes itself fast
+    together. After which this little creature soon fills the shell,
+    by converting into several parts of itself all the substance of
+    the egg; and then growing weary of so strait a habitation, it
+    breaks prison and comes out a perfectly formed chicken."--Sir
+    Kenelm Digby's _Treatise of Bodies_, Ch. xxiv. p. 274. ed. 1669.
+
+Could Sir Kenelm return to the scenes of this upper world, and pay a
+visit to Mr. Cantelo's machine, his shade might say with truthfulness,
+what Horace Smith's mummy answered to his questioner,--
+
+  "--We men of yore
+  Were versed in all the knowledge you can mention."
+
+The operations of the two machines appear to be precisely the same: the
+only difference being the Sir Kenelm's was an experimental one, made for
+the purpose of investigating the process of nature; while Cantelo's, in
+accordance with "the spirit of the iron time," is a practical one, made
+for the purposes of utility and profit. Sir Kenelm's Treatise appears to
+have been first published in the year 1644.
+
+HENRY KERSLEY.
+
+Corpus Christi Hall, Maidstone.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD "PARLIAMENT."
+
+It has been observed by a learned annotator on the _Commentaries of
+Blackstone_, that, "no inconsiderable pains have been bestowed in
+analysing the word 'Parliament;'" and after adducing several amusing
+instances of the attempts that have been made (and those too by men of
+the most recondite learning) to arrive at its true radical properties,
+he concludes his remarks by observing that
+
+    "'Parliament' imported originally nothing more than a council or
+    conference, and that the termination '_ment_,' in parliament,
+    has no more signification than it has in _impeachment_,
+    _engagement_, _imprisonment_, _hereditament_, and ten thouand
+    others of the same nature."
+
+He admits, however, that the civilians have, in deriving testament from
+_testari mentem_, imparted a greater significance to the termination
+"ment." Amidst such diversity of opinion, I am emboldened to offer a
+solution of the word "Parliament," which, from its novelty alone, if
+possessing no better qualification, may perhaps recommend itself to the
+consideration of your readers. In my humble judgment, all former
+etymologists of the word appear to have stumbled _in limine_, for I
+would suggest that its compounds are "_palam_" and "_mens_."
+
+With the Romans there existed a law that in certain cases the verdict of
+the jury might be given CLAM VEL PALAM, viz., _privily_ or _openly_, or
+in other words, by _tablet_ or _ballot_, or by _voices_. Now as the
+essence of a Parliament or council of the people was its representative
+character, and as secrecy would be inconsistent with such a character,
+it was doubtless a _sine qua non_ that its proceedings should be
+conducted "_palam_," in an open manner. The absence of the letter "_r_"
+may possibly be objected to, but a moment's reflection will cast it into
+the shade, the classical pronunciation of the word _palam_ being the
+same as if spelt _PARlam_; and the illiterate state of this country when
+the word Parliament was first introduced would easily account for a
+_phonetic_ style of orthography. The words enumerated by Blackstone's
+annotator are purely of English composition, and have no _correspondent_
+in the dead languages; whilst _testament_, _sacrament_, _parliament_,
+and many others, are Latin words Anglicised by dropping the termination
+"_um_"--a great distinction as regards the relative value of words,
+which the learned annotator seems to have overlooked. "_Mentum_" is
+doubtless the offspring of "_mens_", signifying the mind, thought,
+deliberation, opinion; and as we find "_palam populo_" to mean "_in the
+sight of the people_," so, without any great stretch of imagination, may
+we interpret "_palam mente_" into "_freedom of thought or of
+deliberation_" or "_an open expression of opinion_:" the essential
+qualities of a representative system, and which our ancestors have been
+careful to hand down to posterity in a word, viz., _Parliament_.
+
+FRANCISCUS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"INCIDIS IN SCYLLAM, CUPIENS VITARE CHARYBDIM."
+
+I should be sorry to see this fine old _proverb in metaphor_ passed over
+with no better notice than that which seems to have been assigned to it
+in Boswell's _Johnson_.
+
+Erasmophilos, a correspondent of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ in 1774,
+quotes a passage from Dr. Jortin's _Life of Erasmus_, vol. ii. p. 151.,
+which supplies the following particulars, viz.:--
+
+1. That the line was first discovered by Galeottus Martius of Narni,
+A.D. 1476.
+
+2. That it is in lib. v. 301. of the "Alexandreis," a poem in _ten_
+books, by Philippe Gualtier (commonly called "de Chatillon," though in
+reality a native of Lille, in Flanders).
+
+3. That the context of the passage in which it occurs is as follows:--
+
+      "-- Quo tendis inertem
+  Rex periture, fugam? Nescis, heu perdite, nescis
+  Quem fugias: hostes incurris dum fugis hostem.
+  Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim."
+
+where the poet apostrophises Darius, who, while {86} flying from
+Alexander, fell into the lands of Bessus. (See _Selections from Gent.
+Mag_. vol. ii. p. 199. London, 1814.)
+
+C. FORBES.
+
+This celebrated Latin verse, which has become proverbial, has a very
+obscure authority, probably not known to many of your readers. It is
+from Gualtier de Lille, as has been remarked by Galeottus Martius and
+Paquier in their researches. This Gualtier flourished in the thirteenth
+century. The verse is extracted from a poem in ten books, called the
+"Alexandriad," and it is the 301st of the 5th book; it relates to the
+fate of Darius, who, flying from Alexander, fell into the hands of
+Bessus. It runs thus:--
+
+  "-- Quo flectis inertem
+  Rex periture, fugam? Nescis, heu perdite, nescis,
+  Quem fugias; hostes incurris dum fugis hostem;
+  _Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim_"
+
+As honest JOHN BUNYAN, to his only bit of Latin which he quotes, places
+a marginal note: "The Latin which I borrow,"--a very honest way; so I I
+beg to say that I never saw this "Alexandriad," and that the above is an
+excerpt from _Menagiana_, pub. 1715, edited by Bertrand de la Monnoie,
+wherein may also be found much curious reading and research.
+
+JAMES H. FRISWELL.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A NOTE OF ADMIRATION!
+
+Sir Walter Scott, in a letter to Miss Johanna Baillie, dated October 12,
+1825, (Lockhart's _Life of Sir W. S._, vol. vi. p. 82.), says,--
+
+    "I well intended to have written from Ireland, but alas! as some
+    stern old divine says, 'Hell is paved with good intentions.'
+    There was such a whirl of laking, and boating, and wondering,
+    and shouting, and laughing, and carousing--" [He alludes to his
+    visiting among the Westmoreland and Cumberland lakes on his way
+    home, especially] "so much to be seen, and so little time to see
+    it; so much to be heard, and only two ears to listen to twenty
+    voices, that upon the whole I grew desperate, and gave up all
+    thoughts of doing what was right and proper on post-days, and so
+    all my epistolary good intentions are gone to Macadamise, I
+    suppose, 'the burning marle' of the infernal regions."
+
+How easily a showy absurdity is substituted for a serious truth, and
+taken for granted to be the right sense. Without having been there, I
+may venture to affirm that "Hell is _not_ paved with good intentions,
+such things being _all lost or dropt on the way_ by travellers who reach
+that bourne;" for, where "Hope never comes," "good intentions" cannot
+exist any more than they can be formed, since to fulfil them were
+impossible. The authentic and emphatical figure in the saying is, "The
+_road_ to hell is paved with good intentions;" and it was uttered by the
+"stern old divine," whoever he might be, as a warning _not_ to let "good
+intentions" miscarry for want of being realized at the time and upon the
+spot. The moral, moreover, is manifestly this, that people may be going
+to hell with "the best intentions in the world," substituting all the
+while _well-meaning_ for _well-doing_.
+
+J.M.G
+
+Hallamshire.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE EARL OF NORWICH AND HIS SON GEORGE LORD GORING.
+
+As in small matters accuracy is of vital consequence, let me correct a
+mistake which I made, writing in a hurry, in my last communication about
+the two Gorings (Vol. ii., p. 65.). The Earl of Norwich was not under
+sentence of death, as is there stated, on January 8, 1649. He was then a
+prisoner: he was not tried and sentenced till March.[2]
+
+The following notice of the son's quarrels with his brother cavaliers
+occurs in a letter printed in Carte's bulky appendix to his bulky _Life
+of the Duke of Ormond_. As this is an unread book, you may think it
+worth while to print the passage, which is only confirmatory of
+Clarendon's account of the younger Goring's proceedings in the West of
+England in 1645. The letter is from Arthur Trevor to Ormond, and dated
+Launceston, August 18, 1645.
+
+    "Mr. Goring's army is broken and all his men in disorder. He
+    hates the council here, and I find plainly there is no love
+    lost; they fear he will seize on the Prince, and he, that they
+    will take him: what will follow hereupon may be foretold,
+    without the aid of the wise woman on the bank. Sir John
+    Colepeper was at Court lately to remove him, to the discontent
+    of many. In short, the war is at an end in the West; each one
+    looks for a ship, and nothing more.
+
+    "Lord Digby and Mr. Goring are not friends; Prince Rupert yet
+    goes with Mr. Goring, but how long that will hold, I dare not
+    undertake, knowing both their constitutions."
+
+It will be observed that the writer of the letter, though a cavalier,
+here calls him _Mr. Goring_, when as his father was created Earl of
+Norwich in the previous year, he was _Lord Goring_ in cavalier
+acceptation.
+
+He is indiscriminately called Mr. Goring and Lord Goring in passages of
+letters by cavaliers relating to the campaign in the West of 1645, which
+occur in Carte's _Collection of Letters_ (vol. i. pp. 59, 60. 81. 86.).
+
+A number of letters about the son, Lord Goring's proceedings in the West
+in 1645 are printed in the third volume of Mr. Lister's _Life of Lord
+Clarendon_.
+
+The Earl of Norwich's second son, Charles, who afterwards succeeded as
+second earl, commanded a {87} brigade under his brother in the West in
+1645. (Bulstrode's _Memoirs_, p. 142.; Carte's _Letters_, i. 116. 121.)
+
+Some account of the father, Earl of Norwich's operations against the
+parliament in Essex in 1648, is given in a curious autobiography of
+Arthur Wilson, the author of the _History of James I_., which is printed
+in Peck's _Desiderata Curiosa_, book xi. part 5. Wilson was living at
+the time in Essex.
+
+An interesting fragment of a letter from Goring the son to the Earl of
+Dorset, written apparently as he was on the point of retiring into
+France, and dated Pondesfred, January 26, 1646, is printed in Mr. Eliot
+Warburton's _Memoirs of Prince Rupert_, iii. 215.
+
+Mr. Warburton, by the way, clearly confounds the father with the son
+when he speaks of the Earl of Norwich's trial and reprieve (iii. 408.).
+Three letters printed in Mr. W.'s second volume (pp. 172. 181, 182.),
+and signed "Goring", are probably letters of the father's, but given by
+Mr. Warburton to the son.
+
+I perceive also that Mr. Bell, the editor of the lately published
+_Fairfax Correspondence_, has not avoided confusion between the father
+and son. In the first volume of the correspondence relating to the civil
+war (p. 281.), the editor says, under date January, 1646,--
+
+    "Lord Hopton in the meanwhile has been appointed to the command
+    in Cornwall, superseding Goring. Also has been sent off on
+    several negociations to France."
+
+    Goring went off to France on his own account; his father was at that
+    time Charles I.'s ambassador at the court of France.
+
+I should like to know the year in which a letter of Goring the son's,
+printed by Mr. Bell in vol. i. p. 23., was written, if it can be
+ascertained. As printed, it is dated "Berwick, June 22." Is _Berwick_
+right? Is there a bath there? The letter is addressed to Sir Constantine
+Huygens, and in it is this passage--
+
+    "I have now my lameness so much renewed that I cannot come to
+    clear myself; as soon as the bath has restored me to my
+    strength, I shall employ it in his Highness's service, if he
+    please to let me return into the same place of his favour that I
+    thought myself happy in before."
+
+I should expect that this letter was written from France after Goring's
+abrupt retreat into that country. It is stated that the letter comes
+from Mr. Bentley's collection.
+
+The Earl of Norwich was in Flanders in November 1569, and accompanied
+the Dukes of York and Gloucester from Brussels to Breda. (Carte's
+_Letters_, ii. 282.)
+
+CH.
+
+If the following account of the Goring family given by Banks (_Dormant
+and Extinct Peerage_, vol. iii. p. 575.) is correct, it will appear that
+the father and both his sons were styled at different times. "Lord
+Goring," and that they may very easily be distinguished.
+
+    "George Goring, of Hurstpierpont, Sussex, the son of George
+    Goring, and Anne his wife, sister to Edward Lord Denny,
+    afterwards Earl of Norwich, was created Baron Goring in the
+    fourth of Charles I., and in the xx'th of the same reign
+    advanced to the earldom of Norwich, which had become extinct by
+    the death of his maternal uncle above-mentioned, S.P.M.
+
+    "He betrayed Portsmouth, of which he was governor, to the king,
+    and rendered him many other signal services. He married Mary,
+    one of the daughters of Edward Nevill, vi'th Baron of
+    Abergavenny, and had issue four daughters, and two sons, the
+    eldest of whom, George, was an eminent commander for Charles I.,
+    and best _known as 'General Goring_,' and who, after the loss of
+    the crown to his royal master, retired to the Continent, and
+    served with credit as lieutenant-general to the King of Spain.
+    He married Lettice, daughter of Richard Earl of Cork, and died
+    abroad, S.P., in _the lifetime of his father_, who survived till
+    1662, and was succeeded by _his only remaining son_, Charles
+    Lord Goring, and second Earl of Norwich, with whom, as he left
+    no issue by his wife, daughter of ---- Leman, and widow of Sir
+    Richard Beker, all his honours became extinct in 1672. He was
+    unquestionably the Lord Goring noticed by Pepys as returning to
+    England in 1660, and not the old peer his father, who, if
+    described by any title, would have been styled 'Earl of
+    Norwich.'"
+
+BRAYBROOKE.
+
+July 1, 1850.
+
+[Footnote 2: Let me also correct a misprint. Banks, the author of the
+_Dormant and Extinct Perrage_, is misprinted Burke.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+QUERIES
+
+JAMES CARKASSE'S LUCIDA INTERVALLA, AN ILLUSTRATION OF PEPYS' DIARY.
+
+I met lately with a quarto volume of poems printed at London in 1679,
+entitled:
+
+    "_Lucida Intevalla_ containing divers miscellaneous Poems
+    written at Finsbury and Bethlem, by the Doctor's Patient
+    Extraordinary."
+
+On the title-page was written in an old hand the native of the "patient
+extraordinary" and author _James Carkasse_, and that of the "doctor"
+_Thomas Allen_. A little reading convinced me that the writer was a very
+fit subject for a lunatic asylum; but at page 5, I met with an allusion
+to the celebrated Mr. Pepys, which I will beg to quote:--
+
+  "Get thee behind me then, dumb devil, begone,
+  The Lord hath eppthatha said to my tongue,
+  Him I must praise who open'd hath my lips,
+  Sent me from Navy, to the Ark, by Pepys;
+  By Mr. Pepys, who hath my rival been
+  For the Duke's[3] favour, more than years thirteen;
+  But I excluded, he high and fortunate,
+  This Secretary I could never mate; {88}
+  But Clerk of th' Acts, if I'm a parson, then
+  I shall prevail, the voice outdoes the pen;
+  Though in a gown, this challenge I may make,
+  And wager win, save if you can, your stake.
+  To th' Admiral I all submit, and vail--"
+
+The book from which I extract is _cropped_, so that the last line is
+illegible. Can the noble editor of Pepys' _Diary_, or any of your
+readers, inform me who and what was this Mr. James Carkasse?
+
+W.B.R.
+
+[Footnote 3: The Duke of York, afterwards James II.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MINOR QUERIES.
+
+_Epigrams on the Universities_.--There are two clever epigrams on the
+circumstance, I believe, of Charles I. sending a troop of horse to one
+of the universities, about the same time that he presented some books to
+the other.
+
+The sting of the first, if I recollect right, is directed against the
+university to which the books were sent, the king--
+
+  "--right well discerning,
+  How much that loyal body wanted learning."
+
+The reply which this provoked, is an attack on the other university, the
+innuendo being that the troops were sent there--
+
+  "Because that learned body wanted loyalty."
+
+I quote from memory.
+
+Can any of your readers, through the medium of your valuable paper,
+favour me with the correct version of the epigrams, and with the
+particular circumstances which gave rise to them?
+
+J. SWANN.
+
+Norwich.
+
+_Lammas Day_.--Why was the 1st of August called "Lammas Day?" Two
+definitions are commonly given to the word "Lammas." 1. That it may mean
+_Loaf-mass_. 2. That it may be a word having some allusion to St. Peter,
+as the patron of _Lambs_.
+
+O'Halloran, however, in his _History of Ireland_, favours us with
+another definition; upon the value of which I should be glad of the
+opinion of some of your learned contributors. Speaking of Lughaidh, he
+says:--
+
+    "From this prince the month of August was called Lughnas
+    (Lunas), from which the English adopted the name _Lammas_, for
+    the 1st day of August."
+
+J. SANSOM.
+
+_Mother Grey's Apples_.--At the time I was a little girl,--you will not,
+I am sure, be ungallant enough to inquire when that was, when I tell you
+I am now a woman,--I remember that the nursery maid, whose duty it was
+to wait upon myself and sisters, invariably said, if she found us out of
+temper--"So, so! young ladies, you are in the sulks, eh? Well, sulk
+away; you'll be like 'Mother Grey's apples,' you'll be sure to come
+round again." We often inquired, on the return of fine weather, who
+Mother Grey was, and what were the peculiar circumstances of the apples
+coming round?--questions, however, which were always evaded. Now, as the
+servant was a Cambridge girl, and had a brother a _gyp_, or bedmaker, at
+one of the colleges, besides her uncle keeping the tennis court there, I
+have often thought there must have been some college legend or tradition
+in Alma Mater, of Mother Grey and her apples. Will any of your learned
+correspondents, should it happen to fall within their knowledge, take
+pity on the natural curiosity of the sex, by furnishing its details?
+
+A.M.
+
+_Jewish Music_.--What was the precise character of the _Jewish music_,
+both before and after David? And what variety of musical instruments had
+the Jews?
+
+J. SANSOM
+
+_The Plant "Haemony_."--Can any of your readers furnish information of,
+or reference to the plant _Haemony_, mentioned in Milton's _Comus_, l.
+638.:--
+
+  "--a small unsightly root,
+  But of divine effect,...
+  The leaf was darkish, and had prickles on it,
+  But in another country, as he said,
+  _Bore a bright golden flower, but not in this soil:_
+  --More medicinal is it than that Moly,
+  That Hermes once to wise Ulysses gave;
+  He called it _Haemony_, and gave it me,
+  And bade me keep it as of sov'reign use
+  'Gainst all enchantments," &c. &c.
+
+The Moly that Hermes to Ulysses gave, is the wild garlick, [Greek: molu]
+by some thought the wild rue. (_Odyss_. b. x. 1. 302.) It is the [Greek:
+moluza] of Hippocrates, who recommends it to be eaten as an antidote
+against drunkenness. But of _Haemony_ I have been unable to find any
+reference among our ordinary medical authorities, Paulus Aeginata,
+Celsus, Galen, or Dioscorides. A short note of reference would be very
+instructive to many of the readers of Milton.
+
+J.M. BASHAM.
+
+17. Chester Street, Belgrave Square.
+
+_Ventriloquism_.--What evidence is there, that _ventriloquism_ was made
+use of in the ancient oracles? Was the [Greek: pneuma puthonos] (Acts,
+xvi. 16.) an example of the exercise of this art? Was the Witch of Endor
+a ventriloquist? or what is meant by the word [Greek: eggastrimuthos] at
+Isai. xix. 3., in the Septuagint?
+
+"Plutarch informs us," says Rollin (_Ancient History_, vol. i. p. 65.),
+"that the god did not compose the verses of the oracle. He inflamed the
+Pythia's imagination, and kindled in her soul that living light which
+unveiled all futurity to her. The words she uttered in the heat of her
+enthusiam, having neither method nor connection, and coming only by
+starts, to use that expression [Greek: eggastrimuthos] from the bottom
+of her stomach, or rather from her belly, were collected {89} with care
+by the prophets, who gave them afterwards to the poets to be turned into
+verse."
+
+If the Pythian priestess was really a ventriloquist, to what extent was
+she conscious of the deception she practised?
+
+J. SANSOM.
+
+_Statue of French King, Epigram on_.--Can any of your readers inform me
+who was the author of the following epigram, written on the occasion of
+an equestrian statue of a French king attended by the Virtues being
+erected in Paris:--
+
+  "O la belle statue! O le beau Piedestal!
+  Les Vertus sont a pied, le Vice est a cheval!"
+
+AUGUSTINE.
+
+_Lux Fiat_.--Who was the first Christian or Jewish writer by whom _lux
+fiat_ was referred to the creation of the _angels_?
+
+J. SANSOM.
+
+_Hiring of Servants_.--At Maureuil, in the environs of Abbeville, a
+practice has long existed of hiring servants in the market-place on
+festival days. I have observed the same custom in various parts of
+England, and particularly in the midland counties. Can any of your
+correspondents inform me of the origin of this?
+
+W.J.
+
+Havre.
+
+_Book of Homilies_.--Burnet, in his _History of the Reformation in anno
+1542_, says,--
+
+"A Book of Homilies was printed, in which the Gospels and Epistles of
+all the Sundays and Holidays of the year were set down with a _Homily to
+every one of these_. To these were also added Sermons upon several
+occasions, as for _Weddings_, _Christenings_, and _Funerals_."
+
+Can any learned clerk inform me where a copy of such Homilies can be
+seen?
+
+B.
+
+_Collar of SS_.--Where can we find _much_ about the SS. collar? Is there
+any list extant of persons who were honoured with that badge?
+
+B.
+
+_Rainbow_.--By what heathen poet is the _rainbow_ spoken of as "risus
+plorantis Olympi?"
+
+J. SAMSON.
+
+_Passage in Lucan_.--What parallel passages are there to that of
+_Lucan_:--
+
+  "Communis mundo superest rogus, ossibus astra
+  Misturus?"
+
+J. SAMSON.
+
+_William of Wykeham_.--Is there any better Life of William of Wykeham
+than the very insufficient one of Bishop Lowth?
+
+What were the circumstances of the rise of William of Wykeham,
+respecting which Lowth is so very scanty and unsatisfactory?
+
+Where did William of Wykeham get the wealth with which he built and
+endowed New College, Oxon, and St. Mary's, Winchester; and rebuilt
+Winchester Cathedral?
+
+What are the present incomes of New College, and St Mary's, Winchester?
+
+Is there a copy of the Statutes of these colleges in the British Museum,
+or in any other public library?
+
+W.H.C.
+
+April 22, 1850.
+
+_Richard Baxter's Descendants_.--Can any of your correspondents inform
+me of the whereabouts of the descendants of the celebrated Richard
+Baxter? He was a Northamptonshire man, but I think his family removed
+into some county in the west.
+
+W.H.B.
+
+_Passage in St. Peter_.--Besides the well-known passage in the
+_Tempest_, what _Christian_ writers have used any kindred expression to
+2 Pet. iii. 10.?
+
+J. SANSOM.
+
+8. Park Place, Oxford, June 1. 1850.
+
+_Juice-cups_.--Is it beneath the dignity of "NOTES AND QUERIES" to admit
+an inquiry respecting the philosophy and real effect of placing an
+inverted cup in a fruit pie? The question is not about the _object_, but
+whether that object is, or can be, effected by the means employed.
+
+N.B.
+
+Derivation of "Yote" or "Yeot."--What is the derivation of the word
+"yote" or "yeot," a term used in Glocestershire and Somersetshire, for
+"leading in" iron work to stone?
+
+B.
+
+_Pedigree of Greene Family_.--At Vol. i., p. 200., reference is made to
+"a fine Pedigree on vellum, of the Greene family, penes T. Wotton, Esq."
+
+Can any person inform me who now possesses the said pedigree, or is
+there a copy of it which may be consulted?
+
+One John Greene, of Enfield, was clerk to the New River Company: he died
+1705, and was buried at Enfield. He married Elizabeth Myddelton,
+grand-daughter of Sir Hugh. I wish to find out the birth and parentage
+of the said John Greene and shall be _thankful_, if I may say so much,
+without adding too much to the length of my Query.
+
+H.T.E.
+
+_Family of Love_.--Referring to Dr. RIMBAULT'S communication on the
+subject of this sect (Vol. ii., p. 49.), will you allow me to inquire
+whether there is any evidence that its members deserved Fuller's severe
+condemnation? Queen Elizabeth might consider them a "damnable sect," if
+they were believed to hold heterodox opinions in religion and politics;
+but were their lives or their writings immoral?
+
+N.B.
+
+_Sir Gammer Vans_.--Can any one give any account of a comic story about
+one "_Sir Gammer Vans_," of whom, amongst other absurdities, it is said
+"_that his aunt was a justice of peace, and his sister a captain of
+horse_"? It is alluded to somewhere {90} in Swift's _Letters_ or
+_Miscellanies_; and I was told by a person whose recollection, added to
+my own, goes back near a hundred years, that it was supposed to be a
+_political satire_, and may have been of Irish origin, as I think there
+is some allusion to it in one of Goldsmith's plays or essays.
+
+C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+REPLIES
+
+PUNISHMENT OF DEATH BY BURNING.
+
+Probably some of the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" will share in the
+surprise expressed by E.S.S.W. (Vol. ii., p. 6.), yet many persons now
+living must remember when spectacles such as he alludes to were by no
+means uncommon. An examination of the newspapers and other periodicals
+of the latter half of the eighteenth century would supply numerous
+instances in which the punishment of strangling and burning was
+inflicted; as well in cases of petit treason, for the murder of a
+husband, as more frequently in cases of coining, which, as the law then
+stood, was one species of high treason. I had collected a pretty long
+list from the _Historical Chronicle_ in the earlier volumes of the
+_Gentleman's Magazine_, but thought it scarcely of sufficient importance
+to merit insertion in "NOTES AND QUERIES." Perhaps, however, the
+following extracts may possess some interest: one as showing the manner
+in which executions of this kind were latterly performed in London, and
+the other as apparently furnishing an instance of later date than that
+which Mr. Ross considers the last in which this barbarous punishment was
+inflicted. The first occurs in the 56th vol. of the Magazine, Part 1. P.
+524., under the date of the 21st June, 1786--
+
+    "This morning, the malefactors already mentioned were all
+    executed according to their sentence. About a quarter of an hour
+    after the platform had dropped, Phoebe Harris, the female
+    convict, was led by two officers to a stake about eleven feet
+    high, fixed in the ground, near the top of which was an inverted
+    curve made of irons, to which one end of a halter was tied. The
+    prisoner stood on a low stool, which, after the ordinary had
+    prayed with her a short time, was taken away, and she hung
+    suspended by the neck, her feet being scarcely more than twelve
+    or fourteen inches from the pavement. Soon after the signs of
+    life had ceased, two cartloads of faggots were placed round her
+    and set on fire; the flames soon burning the halter, she then
+    sunk a few inches, but was supported by an iron chain passed
+    over her chest and affixed to the stake."
+
+The crime for which this woman suffered was coining. Probably the method
+of execution here related was adopted in consequence of the horrible
+occurrence narrated by Mr. Ross.
+
+In vol. lix. of the same Magazine, Part 1. p. 272, under the date of the
+_18th of March_, 1789, is an account of the executions of nine
+malefactors at Newgate; and amongst them,--
+
+    "Christian Murphy, alias Bowman, for coining, was brought out
+    after the rest were turned off, and fixed to a stake, and burnt,
+    being first strangled by the stool being taken from under her."
+
+From the very slight difference in dates, I am inclined to think that
+this is the same case with that alluded to by Mr. Ross.
+
+OLD BAILEY
+
+June 24, 1850.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TO GIVE A MAN HORNS.
+(Vol. i. p. 383.)
+
+Your correspondent L.C. has started a most interesting inquiry, and your
+readers must, I am sure, join with me in regretting that he should have
+been so laconic in the third division of his Query; and have failed to
+refer to, even if he did not quote, the passages from "late Greek," in
+which "horns" are mentioned as a symbol of a husband's dishonor. The
+earliest notice of this symbolical use of horns is, I believe, to be
+found in the _Oneirocritica_ of Artemidorus, who lived during the reign
+of Hadrian, A.D. 117-138:
+
+[Greek: "Pepi de ippon en to peri agonon logo proeiraeiai. Elege de tis
+theasameno tini epi kriou kathaemenpo, kai pesonti ex autou ek ton
+euprosthen, mnaesteuomeno de kai mellonti en autais tais haemerais tous
+gamous epetelein, proeipein auto hoti hae gunae sou porneusei, kai kata
+to legomenon, kerata soi poiaesei kai outos apethae, k.t.l."--Artem.
+_Oneirocritica_, lib. ii, cap. 12.]
+
+See Menage, _Origines de la Langue Francoise_, Paris, 1650, in verb.
+"Cornard." I have only seen Reiff's edition of Artemidorus, 8vo. Lipsiae,
+1805. His illustrations of the passage (far too numerous to be quoted)
+seem to be curious, and likely to repay the reader for the trouble of
+examination. His note commences with a reference to Olaus Borrichius,
+_Antiqua Urb. Rom. facies_:--
+
+    "Alexander Magnus ....successores ejus..... in nummis omnes
+    cornuti quasi Jovii, honore utique manifesto, donee cornuum
+    decus in ludibria uxoriorum vertit somnorum interpres
+    Artimidorus."
+
+On which he observes,--
+
+    "Bene. Nam ante Artimidorium nullus, quod sciam, hujus scommatis
+    mentionem fecit. Quod enim Traug. Fred. Benedict. ad Ciceron.
+    _Epist. ad Div._ 7.24. ad voc. 'Cipius' conjecit, id paullo
+    audientus mihi videtur conjecisse."
+
+I have not succeeded in obtaining a sight of this edition of the
+Epistles. And I should feel much obliged to any one who would quote the
+"conjecture," and so enable your readers to gauge its "audacity" for
+themselves. Is it not odd that Reiff should have made no remark on the
+utter want of connection between the "honor manifestus," and the
+"ludibria" of Olaus? or on the [Greek: kata to legomenon] of the author
+that he was illustrating? {91} Artemidorus may certainly have been the
+first who _recorded_ the _scomma_; but the words [Greek: kata to
+legomenon] would almost justify us supposing that
+
+          "--The horn
+  Was a crest ere he was born."
+
+Menage (referred to above) evidently lays some stress on the following
+epigram, as an illustration of the question:--
+
+  [Greek: "Ostis eso purous katalambanei ouk agorazon,
+  Keinou Amaltheias hae gunae esti keras."]
+
+Parmenon. _Anthol._ lib. ii.
+
+But I confess that I am utterly unable to see its point and therefore
+cannot, of course, trace its connection with the subject. Falstaff, it
+is true, speaks of the "horn of abundance," but then he assigns it to
+the husband, and makes the "lightness of the wife shine through it."
+(_K. Henry IV._ Act i. Sc. 2., on which see Warburton's note.)
+
+C. FORBES.
+
+Temple, April 25.
+
+L.C. may find the following references of service to him in his inquiry
+into the origin of this expression:--"Solanus ad Luc. D.M. 1. 2.; Jacobs
+ad Lucill. Epigr. 9.; Belin. ad Lucian, t. iii. p. 326.; Huschk. _Anal._
+p. 168.; Lambec. ad Codin. Sec. 126.; Nodell in _Diario Class._ t. x. p.
+157.; Bayl. _Dict._ in Junone, not. E." Boissonade's note in his
+_Anecdotae_, vol. iii. p. 140.
+
+J.E.B. MAYOR.
+
+Marlborough College.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES
+
+_Shipster_ (Vol. ii., p. 30.).--If C. B. will consult Dr. Latham's
+_English Language_, 2nd ed., he will find that the termination _ster_ is
+not merely a _notion_ of Tyrwhitt's, but a fact. Sempstress has a
+_double_ feminine termination. _Spinster_ is the only word in the
+present English which retains the old feminine meaning of the
+termination _ster_.
+
+E.S. JACKSON.
+
+
+_Three Dukes_ (Vol. ii., p. 9.).--I should like a more satisfactory
+answer to this Query than that I given by C. (Vol. ii., p. 46.). I can
+give the I names of _two_ of the Dukes (viz. Monmouth and Albermarle);
+but who was the _third_, and where can a _detailed account_ of the
+transaction be found? In Wades' _British History chronologically
+arranged_, 3rd edit. p. 230, is the following paragraph under the date
+of Feb. 28, 1671 (that is, 1670-1):--
+
+    "The Duke of Monmouth, who had contrived the outrage on
+    Coventry, in a drunken frolic with the young Duke of Albemarle
+    and others, deliberately kills a ward-beadle. Charles, to save
+    his son, pardoned all the murderers."
+
+The date given in the _State Poems_ is Sunday
+morning, Feb. 26th, 1670-71. Mr. Lister, in his
+_Life of Edward, Earl of Clarendon_ (vol. ii. p. 492.),
+alludes to the affair:--
+
+    "The King's illegitimate son Monmouth, in company with the young
+    Duke of Albemarle and others, kills a watchman, who begs for
+    mercy, and the King pardons all the murderers."
+
+C.H. Cooper
+
+Cambridge, June 24, 1850.
+
+
+_Bishops and their Precedence_ (Vol. ii., p. 9.).--I believe bishops
+have their precedence because they are both _temporal_ and _spiritual_
+barons. Some I years ago, I took the following note from the
+_Gentleman's Mag_. for a year between 1790 and 1800; I cannot say
+positively what year (for I was very young at the time, and
+unfortunately omitted to "note" it):--
+
+    "Every Bishop has a temporal barony annexed to his see. The
+    Bishop of Durham is Earl of Sudbury and Baron Evenwood; and the
+    Bishop of Norwich is Baron of Northwalsham."
+
+Query, where may the accounts of the respective baronies of the
+bishoprics be found?
+
+HENRY KERSLEY.
+
+
+_Why Moses represented with Horns_.--Your correspondent H.W. (Vol. i, p.
+420.) refers the origin of what he calls the strange practice of making
+Moses appear horned to a mistranslation in the Vulgate. I send you an
+extract from Coleridge which suggests something more profound the such
+an accidental cause; and explains the statement of Rosenmueller (p.
+419.), that the Jews attributed horns to Moses "figuratively for
+power:"--
+
+    "When I was at Rome, among many other visits to the tomb of
+    Julius II, I went thither once with a Prussian artist, a man of
+    great genius and vivacity of feeling. As we were gazing on
+    Michael Angelo's Moses, our conversation turned on the horns and
+    beard of that stupendous statue of the necessity of each to
+    support the other; of the superhuman effect of the former, and
+    the necessity if the existence of both to give a harmony and
+    _integrity_ both to the image and the feeling excited by it.
+    Conceive them removed, and the statue would become _un_natural
+    without being _super_natural. We called to mind the horns of the
+    rising sun, and I repeated the noble passage from Taylor's _Holy
+    Dying_. That horns were the emblem of power and sovereignty
+    among the Eastern nations; and are still retained as such in
+    Abyssinia; the Achelous of the ancient Greeks; and the probable
+    ideas and feelings that originally suggested the mixture of the
+    human and the brute form in the figure, by which they realised
+    the idea of their mysterious Pan, as representing intelligence
+    blended with a darker power, deeper, mightier, and more
+    universal than the conscious intellect of man; than
+    intelligence--all these thoughts passed in procession before our
+    minds."--Coleridge's _Biographia Literaria_, vol. ii. p. 127.
+    edit. 1817. {92}
+
+[The noble passage from Taylor's _Holy Dying_, which Coleridge
+recreated, is subjoined.]
+
+    "As when the sun approaches towards the gates of the morning, he
+    first opens a little eye of heaven, and sends away the spirits
+    of darkness, and gives light to a cock, and calls up the lark to
+    matins, and by and bye gilds the fringes of a cloud, and peeps
+    over the eastern hills, thrusting out his golden horns like
+    those which decked the brows of Moses, when he was forced to
+    wear a veil, because himself had seen the face of God; and
+    still, while a man tells the story, the sun gets up higher, till
+    he shows a fair face and a full light, and then he shines one
+    whole day, under a cloud often, and sometimes weeping great and
+    little showers, and sets quickly; so is a man's reason and his
+    life."
+
+--Jeremy Taylor's _Holy Dying_.
+
+C.K.
+
+
+_Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of his Time_ (Vol. ii., p.
+9.).--"The lady who had lost her hair and her nails," an account of whom
+is requested by your correspondent H.C., was Lady Douglas, daughter of
+William Lord Howard of Effingham, and widow of John Lord Sheffield.
+Leicester was married to her after the death of his first wife Anne,
+daughter and heir of Sir John Robsart, and had by her a son, the
+celebrated Sir Robert Dudley, whose legitimacy, owing to his father's
+disowning the marriage with Lady Sheffield, in order to wed Lady Essex,
+was afterwards the subject of so much contention. On the publication of
+this latter marriage, Lady Douglas, in order, it is said, to secure
+herself from any future practices, had, from a dread of being made away
+with by Leicester, united herself to Sir Edward Stafford, then
+ambassador in France. Full particulars of this double marriage will be
+found in Dugdale's _Antiquities of Warwickshire_.
+
+The extract from D'Israeli's _Amenities of Literature_ relates to
+charges against Leicester, which will be found at large in _Leicester's
+Commonwealth_, written by Parsons the Jesuit,--a work, however, which
+must be received with great caution, from the author's well-known enmity
+to the Earl of Leicester, and his hatred to the Puritans, who were
+protected by that nobleman's powerful influence.
+
+W.J.
+
+Havre.
+
+
+_New Edition of Milton_ (Vol. ii., p. 21.).--The Rev. J. Mitford, as I
+have understood, is employed upon a new edition of Milton's works, both
+prose and verse, to be published by Mr. Pickering. I may mention, by the
+way, that the sentence from Strada, "Cupido gloriae, quae etiam
+sapientibus novissima exuitur," which is quoted by Mr. Mitford on
+Lycidas, Aldine edition, v. 71. ("Fame, that last infirmity of noble
+minds"), is borrowed from Tacitus _Hist_. iv. 6. Compare _Athenaeus_, xi.
+15. Sec. 116. p. 507. d., where Plato is represented as saying:--
+
+    "[Greek: Eschaton ton taes doxaes chitona en to thanato auto
+    apoduometha.]"
+
+Will you allow me to add, that the quotation from Seneca in Vol. i., p.
+427. Of "NOTES AND QUERIES" is from the _Nat. Quaest. Proef_.
+
+J.E.B. MAYOR.
+
+Marlborough College, June 8.
+
+
+_Christian Captives_ (Vol. i., p. 441.).--There is an unfortunate hiatus
+in the accounts of this parish from 1642 to 1679, which prevents my
+stating positively the amount of the collection here made; but in 1670,
+Jan 1., there occurs the following:--
+
+    "Item. To Mr. Day for Copying ouer the fower parts that was
+    gathered in the parish for the Reliefe of Slaues in Algiears - -
+    - - 0 2 0"
+
+Mr. Day was curate of Ecclesfield at that time; and in another part of
+the book there is, in his handwriting, a subscription list, which,
+though only headed "Colected by hous Row for the ..." is more than
+probably the copy referred to. From it the totals collected appear to
+have been,--
+
+                  _s_.  _d_.
+Ecclesfield        6    7-1/2
+Greno Firth       13    6
+Southey Soke      10    7
+Wadsley            4    6
+               L1 15    2-1/2
+
+The above are the four byerlaws, or divisions of the parish, and the
+four churchwardens used separately to collect in their respective
+byerlaws; and then a fair copy of the whole was made out by the curate
+or schoolmaster. An ordinary collection in church, upon a brief,
+averaged 7_s_. 6_d_. at this period.
+
+J. EASTWOOD.
+
+Ecclesfield.
+
+
+_Borrowed Thoughts_ (Vol. i., p. 482.).--The number of "NOTES AND
+QUERIES" here alluded to has unluckily not reached me; but in Vol. ii.,
+p. 30., I observe that your correspondent C., in correcting one error,
+has inadvertently committed another. Monsieur de la Palisse is the hero
+alluded to in the popular song which was written at the commencement of
+the eighteenth century by Bernard de la Monnoye, upon the old ballad,
+composed after the battle of Pavia, and commencing,--
+
+  "Helas! La Palice est mort,
+    Il est mort devant Pavie;
+  Helas! s'il n'estait pas mort,
+    Il serait encore en vie!"
+
+W.J.
+
+Havre.
+
+
+_North Sides of Churchyards_ (Vol. ii., p. 55.).--A portion of many
+churchyards is said to have been left unconsecrated, though not to be
+used as playground for the youth of the parish, but for the burial of
+excommunicated persons. This was {93} not, however, always on the north
+side of the church, as is evident from the following extract from the
+Register of Hart, Durham:--
+
+    "Dec. 17. 1596, Ellen Thompson, Fornicatrix (and then
+    excommunicated), was buried of Þe people in Þe chaer at the
+    entrance unto Þe Þeate or stile of Þe churchyard, on the east
+    thereof."
+
+Nor is the north side of the church always the less favourite part for
+burial. I could name many instances where this is the only part used.
+
+The churchyard now within two hundred yards of me contains about an acre
+of ground; the larger portion of which lies to the south of the church,
+but has been very little used for sepulture till of late years, though
+the churchyard is very ancient. Even now the poor have an objection to
+bury their friends there. I believe the prejudice is always in favour of
+the part next the town or village; that on the other side of the church
+being generally called "the backside."
+
+I find various notices of excommunicated persons being very strangely
+buried, and in extraordinary places, but I have not as yet met with any
+act or injunction on the subject. If any of your readers can supply such
+a document, it would be extremely interesting and useful.
+
+W.H.K.
+
+D.B.
+
+
+_Monastery, Arrangement of one_ (Vol. i., p. 452.),--A.P.H., who
+requests any information respecting the extent, arrangement, and uses of
+a monastic building, has doubtless consulted Fosbroke's _British
+Monachism_.
+
+W.J.
+
+Havre.
+
+
+_Churchyards, Epitaphs_ (Vol. ii., p. 56.).--I beg to submit the
+following observations in answer to the Queries under this head.
+
+Fairs, and also markets, were held in churchyards until put a stop to in
+1285 by an enactment in the 13 Edw. I. c. 6:--
+
+    "E communde le rey e defend qe feire ne marche ne seient tenuz
+    en cimeter pur honur de seint eglise."
+
+Previous to the passing of this act, the king had forbidden the keeping
+of Northampton fair in the church or churchyard of All Saints in that
+town; and Bishop Grostete, following the monarch's example, had sent
+instructions through the whole diocese of Lincoln, prohibiting fairs to
+be kept in such sacred places. (See Burn's _Eccl. Law_, tit. "Church,"
+ed. 1788.) Fairs and markets were usually held on Sunday, until the 27
+Hen. VI. c. 5. ordered the discontinuing of this custom, with trifling
+exceptions. Appended to the fourth Report of the Lincolnshire
+Architectural Society is a paper by Mr. Bloxan on "Churchyard
+Monuments," from which it appears that in the churchyards of Cumberland
+and Cornwall, and in those of Wales, are several crosses, considered to
+be as early as, if not earlier than, the twelfth century: that in the
+churchyards of the Isle of Man are other crosses of various dates, from
+the eighth to the twelfth century and that in some of the churchyards in
+Kent, of which those of Chartham, Godmersham, and Godneston are
+specified, there are remaining some of the most simple headstone crosses
+that can be imagined, most of which the writer apprehends to be of the
+twelfth or thirteenth century, though he adds, "there is no sufficient
+reason why they should not be of later date." Several other instances
+between the periods particularised are also given. The Report is not
+published, but perhaps a copy might be obtained from the printer, W.
+Edwards, Corn Market, Louth. See further the _Archaeological Journal_,
+passim, and Mr. Cutt's work on _Sepulchral Crosses and Slabs_. The
+privilege of sanctuary was taken from churchyards, as well as from all
+other places, in 1623, by the 21 Jac. I. c. 28., which provides,
+
+    "That no sanctuary or privilege of sanctuary shall be hereafter
+    admitted or allowed in any case" (sec. 7.).
+
+ARUN.
+
+
+_Umbrella_ (Vol. i., p. 415; vol. ii., p. 25.).--Seeing that the Query
+respecting this useful article of domestic economy has been
+satisfactorily answered, may I be allowed to mention that umbrellas are
+described by the ancients as marks of distinction. Pausanias and
+Hesychius report that at Alea, a city of Arcadia, a feast called Scieria
+was celebrated in honour of Bacchus, in which the statue of the rosy god
+was carried in procession, crowned with vine leaves, and placed upon an
+ornamental litter, in which was seated a young girl carrying an
+umbrella, to indelicate the majesty of the god. On several bas-reliefs
+from Persepolis, the king is represented under an umbrella, which a
+female holds over his head.
+
+W.J.
+
+Havre.
+
+
+_English Translations of Erasmus' "Encomium Moriae"_ (Vol. i., p.
+385.).--Perhaps JARLZBERG, who seems interested in the various
+translations of this admirable work, might like to know of a French
+translation, with designs from Holbein, which I purchased some weeks ago
+at a sale in a provincial French town. It is entitled _L'Eloge de la
+Folie, compose en forme de Declaration par Erasme, et traduit par Mr.
+Guendeville, avec les Notes de Gerard Listre, et les belles Figures de
+Holbein; le tout sur l'Oiginal de l'Academie de Bale_. Amsterdam, chez
+Francois l'Honore. 1735.
+
+W.J.
+
+Havre.
+
+
+_Lady Slingsby_ (Vol. ii., p. 71.).--She was a professional actress, who
+played under the name of _Mrs_. (probably _Miss_) _Mary Lee_, from about
+1672 to 1680, after which date she is called _Lady_ {94} _Slingsby_, and
+she played under this title for about five years, when she seems to have
+quitted the stage. She survived her husband, for "Dame Mary Slingsby,
+_widow_, of St. James's parish, was buried at Pancras, 1st of March,
+1694."
+
+C.
+
+
+_Meaning of "Bawn"_ (Vol. i., p. 60.).--The poet Campbell uses the word
+_bawn_ as follows:--
+
+  "And fast and far, before the star
+   Of day-spring, rush'd we through the glade,
+   And saw at dawn the lofty _bawn_
+   Of Castle-Connor fade."
+
+_O'Connor's Child_.
+
+ROBERT SNOW.
+
+
+_Chantrey's Sleeping Children_ (Vol. ii., p. 70.)--Your correspondent
+PLECTRUM is anxious to know on what grounds I attribute to Stothard any
+part of the design of the monument in Lichfield Cathedral known as
+Chantrey's "Sleeping Children?" I will endeavour to satisfy him.
+
+The design, suggested, as it were, by the very nature of the commission,
+was communicated by Chantrey to Stothard with a request that he would
+make for him two or three sketches of sleeping children, at his usual
+price. What Stothard did, I have heard my father say, was very like the
+monument as it now stands. The sketch from which Chantrey wrought was
+given to me by my father a few months before his death, and is now
+suspended on the wall of the room in which I write.
+
+It is a pencil-sketch, shaded with Indian ink, and is very Stothard-like
+and beautiful. It wants, however, a certain sculptural grace, which
+Chantrey gave with a master feeling; and it wants the snow-drops in the
+hand of the younger sister,--a touch of poetic beauty suggested by my
+father.
+
+The carver of the group (the person who copied it in marble) was the
+late Mr. F.A. Lege, to whom the merit of the whole monument has been
+foolishly ascribed.
+
+I should be sorry to impress the world with the belief that I mean in
+any way to detract from the merit of Chantrey in making this statement.
+I have divulged no secret. I have only endeavoured to explain what till
+now has been too often misunderstood.
+
+PETER CUNNINGHAM.
+
+The following statement may perhaps give to PLECTRUM the information he
+requires.
+
+Dining one day alone with Chantrey, in Jan. 1833, our conversation
+accidentally turned upon some of his monuments, and amongst other things
+he told me the circumstances connected with the monument at Lichfield to
+the two children of Mrs. Robinson. As I was leaving Chantrey, I asked
+him if I might write down what he had told me; his reply was,
+"Certainly; indeed I rather wish you would." Before I went to bed I
+wrote down what I now send you; I afterwards showed it to Chantrey, who
+acknowledged it to be correct. It was hastily written, but I send it as
+I wrote it at the time, without alteration.
+
+Nicholson, the drawing master, taught Mrs. Robinson and her two
+children. Not long after the death of Mr. Robinson, the eldest child was
+burnt to death; and a very short time afterwards the other child
+sickened and died. Nicholson called on Chantrey and desired him to take
+a cast of the child's face, as the mother wished to have some monument
+of it. Chantrey immediately repaired to the house, made his cast, and
+had a most affecting interview with the unhappy mother. She was desirous
+of having a monument to be placed in Lichfield Cathedral, and wished to
+know whether the cast just taken would enable Chantrey to make a
+tolerable resemblance of her lost treasure. After reminding her how
+uncertain all works of art were in that respect, he assured her he hoped
+to be able to accomplish her wishes. She then conversed with him upon
+the subject of the monument, of her distressed feelings at the
+accumulated losses of her husband and her two children, in so short a
+space of time; expatiated upon their characters, and her great
+affection; and dwelt much upon her feelings when, before she retired to
+bed, she had usually contemplated them when she hung over them locked in
+each other's arms asleep. While she dwelt upon these recollections, it
+occurred to Chantrey that the representation of this scene would be the
+most appropriate monument; and as soon as he arrived at home he made a
+small model of the two children, nearly as they were afterwards
+executed, and as they were universally admired. As Mrs. Robinson wished
+to see a drawing of the design, Chantrey called upon Stothard, and
+employed him to make the requisite drawing from the small model: this
+was done; and from this circumstance originated the story, from those
+envious of Chantrey's rising fame, that he was indebted to Stothard for
+all the merit of the original design.
+
+EDW. HAWKINS
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MISCELLANIES.
+
+_Separation of the Sexes in Time of Divine Service_.--I note with
+pleasure that traces of this ancient usage still exist in parts of
+Sussex. In Poling Church, and also in Arundel Church, the movable Seats
+are marked with the letters M. and W. respectively, according as they
+are assigned to the men or women. On the first Sunday in the year I
+attended service in Arundel Church, and observed, with respect to the
+benches which were placed in the middle of the nave for the use of the
+poorer classes, that the women as they entered proceeded to those at the
+eastern end, which were left vacant for them, whilst the men by
+themselves {95} occupied those at the western end. The existence of a
+distinction of this kind in regard to the open seats only, affords
+strong proof, if proof were necessary, that it was the introduction of
+appropriated pews which led to the disuse of else long established, and
+once general, custom of the men occupying the south side of the nave,
+and the women the north.
+
+B.H.B.
+
+
+_Error in Winstanley's Loyal Martyrology_.--Winstanley, in _The Loyall
+Martyrology_ (London, printed by Thomas Mabb, 1665), p. 67., says of
+Master Gerard, the author of that elaborate herbal which bears his
+name--"This gallant gentleman, renowned for arts and arms, was likewise
+at the storming of that (Basing) House unfortunately slain." According
+to Johnson, who edited his Herbal in 1633, Gerard was born at Namptwich,
+in Cheshire, in the year 1545; and died about 1607. Basing House was
+stormed Oct. 1645: had Gerard served there, he would have been 100 years
+old. It appears that Winstanley has confounded Gerard with his editor
+Thomas Johnson above mentioned, who was killed during the siege of
+Basing House, anno 1644. (See Fuller's _Worthies_, vol. iii. p. 422.
+edit. 1840. London.)
+
+E.N.W.
+
+
+_Preaching in Nave only.--Prayers and Preaching distinct Services_--In
+Ely Cathedral the old and proper custom of sermons being delivered in
+the nave only is still maintained. And this observance has doubtless led
+to the continuance of another, which is a sufficient answer to those who
+object to the length of our service, as it shows that formerly in
+practice, as still in principle, prayers and preaching were distinct
+services. In the morning of Sunday there is no sermon in either of the
+parish churches in Ely, but prayers only; and those of the respective
+congregations who wish to hear a sermon remove to the cathedral, where
+they are joined by the ecclesiastics and others who have "been to
+choir". Consequently, any one may "go to sermon" (I use the language of
+the place) without having been to prayers, or to prayers in one of the
+parish churches, or the choir, without necessarily hearing the sermon.
+
+I think it would be very interesting, if your widely scattered
+correspondents would from time to time communicate in your columns such
+instances of any variation from the now usual mode of celebrating divine
+service as may fall under their _personal_ observation.
+
+B.H.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MISCELLANEOUS
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, &c.
+
+It has been frequently, more frequently, perhaps than justly, objected
+to the Shakspeare Society, that few of its publications bear directly
+upon the illustration of the works of the great dramatist. That the
+Council would gladly publish works more immediately in connection with
+Shakspeare and his writings, if the materials for them could be found,
+is proved by the fact of their having just published the _Remarks of
+Karl Simrock on the Plots of Shakspeare's Plays_, which that gentleman,
+whose name is honoured by all lovers of early German poetry and romance,
+appended to the third volume of the _Quellen der Shakspeare_, a
+collection of Novels, Tales, &c., illustrative of Shakspeare, which
+Simrock collected and translated in conjunction with Echtermeyer and
+Henschel, and which somewhat resembles Mr. Collier's _Shakspeare's
+Library_. The translation of these remarks, made for the Society, was
+placed in the hands of Mr. Halliwell, and forms, with the notes and
+additions of that gentleman, a volume containing much new and curious
+information upon a very interesting point in Shakspearian literature.
+
+Messrs. Sotheby and Co., of Wellington Street, will sell on Monday, July
+8th, and six following days, a very Choice Cabinet of Coins and Medals,
+the property of a Nobleman; and on Monday, July 15th, and five following
+days, an extensive Assemblage of Historical, Theological, and
+Miscellaneous Books.
+
+Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, of 191. Piccadilly, announce a Sale of
+Splendid Engravings by British and Foreign Artists on Monday next.
+
+We have received the following Catalogues:--William Nield's (46.
+Burlington Arcade) Catalogue No. 3. of Very Cheap Books; Edward Stibbs'
+(331. Strand) Select Catalogue of a Collection of Books just purchased
+from a celebrated literary character.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+(In continuation of Lists in former Nos.)
+
+DRAYTON'S POLYOLBION. (A perfect copy of any edition.)
+
+PULEYN'S ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM.
+
+Odd volumes.
+
+INGLIS'S IRELAND. Vol. II.
+
+Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES", 186. Fleet street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notices to Correspondents
+
+VOLUME THE FIRST, _Complete with Index, may now be had, price 9_s_.
+6_d_., bound in cloth_. THE INDEX, _published last week, is, we trust,
+sufficiently full to satisfy to the utmost the wishes of our
+Subscribers. We feel that, if called upon at any time to establish the
+utility of_ NOTES AND QUERIES, _we may confidently point to the Index as
+a proof that the Literary Inquirer, be his particular branch of Study
+what it may, will not search in vain in our pages for valuable Notes and
+Illustrations of it.
+
+Answers to several correspondents in our next_.
+
+Errata. No. 34. p. 60., for "D_o_lort" read "D_e_lort," and for
+"Triar_mum_" , read "Triar_num_". No. 35. p. 75. in the article on
+"Carucate of Land" for "acre", read "acras", and for "B_oe_julia", read
+"B_a_julia". The articles "God Save the Queen," p. 71., and "Royal and
+Distinguished Interments", p. 79., should have been subscripted "F.K."
+instead of "J.H.M." {96}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE EDINBURGH REVIEW,
+No. CLXXXV., will be Published on WEDNESDAY next,
+July 10th.
+
+CONTENTS:
+
+1. QUETELET ON PROBABILITIES.
+
+2. MERIVALE'S HISTORY OF ROME UNDER THE
+EMPIRE.
+
+3. CHURCH AND STATE EDUCATION
+
+4. MERIMEE'S HISTORY OF PEDRO THE CRUEL.
+
+5. BLACKIE'S AESCHYLUS.
+
+6. GOETHE'S FESTIVAL.
+
+7. GUIZOT ON THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION.
+
+8. THE AFRICAN SQUADRON.
+
+9. THE GORHAM CONTROVERSY.
+
+London: LONGMAN AND CO. Edinburgh: A. AND C. BLACK.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Now ready, Octavo Edition. plain, 15_s_.; Quarto Edition, having the
+Plates of the Tesselated Pavements all coloured, 1_l_. 5_s_.
+
+Remains of Roman art, in Cirencester, the Site of Ancient Corinium:
+containing Plates by De la Motte, of the magnificient Tesselated
+Pavements discovered in August and September, 1849, with copies of the
+grand Heads of Ceres, Flora, and Pamona; reduced by the Talootype from
+facsimile tracings of the original; together with various other plates
+and numerous wood engravings.
+
+In the Quarto edition the folding of the plates necessary for the
+smaller volume is avoided.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL. Cirencester: Bailey and Jones. Norwich: C. Muskett.
+Plymouth: R. Lidstone. Reading: George Lovejoy.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Just Published,
+
+A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS
+
+IN VARIOUS LANGUAGES,
+
+Among which will be found many of the Works of the FATHERS,
+ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, LITURGICAL Works, COUNCILS, THEOLOGY and CANON
+LAW and a Selection of many very rare Spanish Books:
+
+Offered for Sale at the prices affixed (for Cash)
+
+BY CHARLES DOLMAN, 61. NEW BOND STREET.
+
+***Among other important Works are the following:--
+
+123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789072
+                                                             L   s.  d.
+ALBERTI MAGNI Opera Omnia, Studio et Labore P.
+Jammy, 21 vols. folio, vellum, only                         12  12   0
+AMROSII Opera, Ed. Benedictina, 2 vols. folio, large paper   6  16   6
+ARNAUD, Antoine, Oeuvres Complettes, 49 vols. in 44,
+4to., only                                                   7   7   0
+ATHANASII Opera Omnia, Editio Benedictina, 1698,
+5 vols. folio, fine copy, calf, gilt                        14  14   0
+AUGUSTINI Opera Omnia, Editio Benedictina, 1700, 12
+vols. in 9, folio                                           11  11   0
+BEDAE Opera Omnia, 8 vols. in 5, folio                       2  16   0
+BIBLIOTHECA Veterum Patrum, De la Bigne Collecta,
+12 vols. in 9, folio                                         5   5   0
+BOLLANDII ACTA SANCTORUM, 43 vols. folio, vellum,
+Venice, 1734-70, only                                       25  10   0
+BULLARIUM ROMANUM, Ed. C. Coquelines, &c., 32 vols.
+folio, only                                                 22  10   0
+CHRYSOSTOMI Opera Omnia 13 vols. folio, 1734                14  14   0
+DECISIONES Rotae Romanae Recentiores, 24 vols. folio         6   6   0
+EPHRAEM SYRI Opera Omnia, 6 vols, folio                      6  16   6
+GALLIA CHRISTIANA, Opera D. Samarthani, 13 vols.
+folio                                                       14  14   0
+HIERONYMI Opera Omnia, Ed. D Vallarsii, 11 vols.
+folio                                                       14  14   0
+LE QUIEN, Oriens Christianus, 3 vols. folio                  7   7   0
+MENOLOGIUM Graecorum, 3 vols folio                           3  10   0
+ORIGENIS Opera Omnia, Ed. De la Rue, 4 vols. folio          12  12   0
+
+N.B. The Catalogue will be forwarded Free by post, on receipt of two
+postage stamps.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Now Publishing, The Churches of the Middle Ages. By HENRY BOWMAN and
+JOSEPH S. CROWTHERS, Architects, Manchester. To be completed in Twenty
+Parts, each containing Six Plates, Imperial Folio. Issued at intervals
+of two months. Price per Part to Subscribers. Proofs, large paper,
+10_s_. 6_d_.; Tinted, small paper, 9_s_.; Plain, 7_s_. 6_d_. Parts 1 to
+8 are now published, and contain illustrations of Ewerby Church,
+Lincolnshire; Temple Balsall Chapel, Warwickshire; and Heckington
+Church, Lincolnshire.
+
+"Ewerby is a magnificent specimen of a Flowing Middle-Pointed Church. It
+is most perfectly measured and described: one can follow the most
+recondite beauties of the construction, mouldings and joints, in these
+Plates, almost as well as in the original structure. Such a monograph as
+this will be of incalculable value to the architects of our Colonies or
+the United States, who have no means of access to ancient churches. The
+Plates are on stone done with remarkable skill and distinctness. Of
+Heckington we can only say that the perspective view from the south-east
+presents a very vision of beauty; we can hardly conceive anything more
+perfect. We heartily recommend this series to all who are able to
+patronize it." --_Ecclesiologist_ Oct. 1849.
+
+London. GEORGE BELL., 186. Fleet Street
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE PRIMAEVAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND ILLUSTRATED BY THOSE OF DENMARK.
+
+The Primaeval Antiquities of Denmark. By J.J.A. WORSAAE. Member of the
+Royal Society of Antiquaries of Copenhagen. Translated and applied to
+the illustration of similar Remains in England, by WILLIAM J. THOMS,
+F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden Society. With numerous Woodcuts. 8vo.
+10_s_. 6_d_.
+
+"The best antiquarian handbook we have ever met with--so clear is the
+arrangement, and so well and so plainly is each subject illustrated by
+well-executed engravings.... It is the joint production of two men who
+have already distinguished themselves as authors and
+antiquarians."--_Morning Herald._
+
+"A book of remarkable interest and ability.... Mr. Worsaae's book is in
+all ways a valuable addition to our literature.... Mr. Thoms has
+executed the translation in flowing and idiomatic English, and has
+appended many curious and interesting notes and observations of his
+own."--_Guardian._
+
+"The work, which we desire to commend to the attention of our readers,
+is signally interesting to the British antiquary. Highly interesting and
+important work."--_Archaeological Journal._
+
+See also the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for February 1850.
+
+Oxford: JOHN HENRY PARKER, and 337. Strand. London
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Preparing for publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo.
+
+The Folk-Lore of England. By WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the
+Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and Legends of
+all Nations." &c. One object of the present work is to furnish new
+contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; and especially
+some of the more striking illustrations of the subject to be found in
+the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries.
+
+Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and
+Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and
+will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed to
+the care of MR. BELL, Office of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Vols. I. and II. 8vo., price 28_s_. cloth.
+
+The Judges of England; from the TIME of the CONQUEST. By EDWARD FOSS,
+F.S.A.
+
+"A work in which a subject of great historical importance is treated
+with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in which Mr. Foss
+has brought to light many points previously unknown, corrected many
+errors, and shown such ample knowledge of his subject as to conduct it
+successfully through all the intricacies of a difficult investigation,
+and such taste and judgement as will enable him to quit, when occasion
+requires, the dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to
+his work, as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a philosophical
+history."--_Gent. Mag._
+
+London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN and LONGMAN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, In the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, July 6, 1850.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 36. Saturday,
+July 6, 1850, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 36. ***
+
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