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diff --git a/13095-h/13095-h.htm b/13095-h/13095-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30149cc --- /dev/null +++ b/13095-h/13095-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,3662 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content= + "text/html; charset=UTF-8"> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Journal, by George Moore, Esq.. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + P { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + } + HR { width: 33%; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + } + BODY{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + .linenum {position: absolute; top: auto; left: 4%;} /* poetry number */ + .note {margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 2em; margin-bottom: 1em;} /* footnote */ + .blkquot {margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 4em;} /* block indent */ + .pagenum {position: absolute; left: 92%; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;} /* page numbers */ + .sidenote {width: 20%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-left: 1em; font-size: smaller; float: right; clear: right;} + .subhead {text-align: center} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;} + .poem br {display: none;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem span {display: block; margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i2 {display: block; margin-left: 2em;} + .poem span.i4 {display: block; margin-left: 4em;} + .poem span.i1 {display: block; margin-left: 1em;} + .poem span.i3 {display: block; margin-left: 3em;} + .poem span.i6 {display: block; margin-left: 6em;} + .poem .caesura {vertical-align: -200%;} + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13095 ***</div> + +<br /><h1>JOURNAL<br> +OF A<br> +VOYAGE ACROSS THE ATLANTIC:</h1> + +<h2>WITH NOTES ON<br> +CANADA & THE UNITED STATES;<br> +AND<br> +RETURN TO GREAT BRITAIN,<br> +IN 1844</h2> + + +<h3>BY GEORGE MOORE, ESQ.</h3> +<br /> + +<h4>LONDON:<br> +PRINTED FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION +1845.</h4> +<br /> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p>Printed by Palmer and Clayton, Crane-court, Fleet-street.</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<h4>TO<br> +ELIZA MOORE<br> + +THIS LITTLE VOLUME<br> +IS MOST AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED<br> + +BY<br> +THE AUTHOR.</h4> +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<!-- Autogenerated TOC. Modify or delete as required. --> +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + <a href='#PREFACE'><b>PREFACE.</b></a><br /> + <a href='#LOG_c'><b>LOG, &c.</b></a><br /> + <a href='#VISIT_TO_THE_CANADAS'><b>VISIT TO THE CANADAS; NIAGARA; RETURN TO NEW YORK & BOSTON; AND VOYAGE HOME.</b></a><br /> + <a href='#APPENDICES'><b>APPENDICES.</b></a> +<ul><li> <a href='#I'><b>I. BIOGRAPHY OF LAURA BRIDGMAN</b></a></li> +<li> <a href='#II'><b>II. MEMORANDA</b></a></li> +<li> <a href='#III'><b>III. POPULATION OF THE STATES</b></a></li> +<li> <a href='#IV'><b>IV. CERTIFICATE OF NATURALIZATION</b></a></li></ul> + + +<!-- End Autogenerated TOC. --> + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<a name='PREFACE'></a><h2>PREFACE.</h2> +<br /> + +<p>Having a large circle of friends who feel interested in my American +trip, the propriety of publishing my observations, to avoid going over +the same ground again and again, was suggested by one of them—a hint +with which I have complied.</p> + +<p>I can say, with the strictest truth, that I have not revised or altered +any impression formed at the moment. Indeed, I never saw these Notes +from the time they were written till they passed through the press.</p> + +<p>Change of scene, and a new current of thoughts, with the blessing of +Providence, have worked a considerable improvement in my health—a mercy +for which I shall ever feel grateful; and while I prize the high +privileges of the land of my birth, and feel proud to be an Englishman, +I hope ever to regard our Transatlantic brethren with respect, and do +full justice to the extensive wonders of America.</p> + +<p><i>London, April 30, 1845.</i></p> + + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<a name='LOG_c'></a><h2>LOG, &c.</h2> +<br /> + +<p><i>Saturday, 17th August, 1844</i>, One o'clock, P.M.—Left Liverpool in the +<i>Great Western</i> steamship, Captain Mathews, for New York, with 138 +passengers. Wind N.W., blowing a strong gale. In two hours very few +passengers on deck, the ship rolling heavily. At four discharged the +pilot. At half-past twelve passed Holyhead. Went to bed rather squeamish +at seven.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Sunday</i> morning.—Rose at seven; was awakened by the stopping of the +engine, from breaking a new wheel which had been put up to work the +blowers for the fires. Detained an hour and half in consequence. Passed +Tuskar at ten. Had public worship at one: the Church of England service, +in which the name of the President of the United States was introduced: +about seventy attended. No sermon, there being no minister on board, and +the Captain not prepared.</p> + +<p>The routine of each day appears to be this:—The gong sounds at +half-past seven to rise; breakfast at nine; at twelve lunch; at +half-past three dress for dinner; at four dine; half-past seven tea; +very few take supper at ten; lights put out at eleven punctually.</p> + +<p>At seven P.M. passed Cork; at nine Kinsale. 165 miles. Latitude, +51° 58' N.: Longitude, 6° 34'.</p> +<br /> + +<p>At three o'clock on <i>Monday</i> morning, the 19th, passed Cape Clear; and +when I got on deck only a distant view of the most rugged part of +Ireland to be seen. It is now eight o'clock, and the passengers are +beginning to show themselves, the sea having gone down, and the ship +going on smoothly 9-3/4 knots. Laid down the following rules, which I +hope to be able to keep:—Rise at half-past seven; walk on deck till +breakfast; read at least six chapters in the Bible the first thing after +breakfast; then walk on deck for an hour till lunch; afterwards write +for an hour; then walk on deck for another hour; then read any books I +have till dinner; between dinner and tea walk and talk, and take stock +of the passengers, being some of all sorts here; after tea whist till +ten, and then turn in.</p> + +<p>The weather continues very calm, and the sea smooth. This steamer, +without exception, the easiest and most comfortable I have ever sailed +in. About 100 dined to-day, and the general appetite appeared to be in +a satisfactory state.</p> + +<p>211 miles. Lat. 51° 32' N.; Long. 11° 59'.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Tuesday</i>, the 20th, seven A.M.—A most beautiful morning. Spent the day +as usual. During dinner the wind changed to E.N.E. Set all sail below +and aloft, and the engine made 12 revolutions in the minute. It was now +that I became acquainted with our worthy Captain, whom I found to be a +gentlemanly, courteous, obliging little fellow. Heard some German, +Irish, English, and Yankee songs; and turned in at half-past ten.</p> + +<p>193 miles. Lat. 51° 26' N.; Long. 17° 3'.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Wednesday</i>, the 21st.—Rose at my usual time. Fine weather. For the +first time saw a sail, a brig, standing to the south, but too distant to +exchange signals. The wind fair, but very light: the engine making +12-1/2 revolutions a minute, or 94 knots an hour. Spent the day as +usual.</p> + +<p>228 miles. Lat. 51° 24' N.; Long. 23° 6'.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Thursday</i>, the 22nd.—The wind changed to south; and the passengers all +on deck. The sea smooth; and the engine, after being well coaled, made +14 revolutions per minute. Some heavy card-playing on board, and +imprudent losses, which I much regretted to see.</p> + +<p>220 miles. Lat. 51° 5' N.; Long. 28° 54'.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Friday</i>, the 23rd.—The ship rolling from a south swell; and a very +small muster at breakfast. The ladies generally ill. The wind S.E., and +the ship covered with canvas. Rate 11 knots by the Log. Wind freshened +up to a sharp breeze from the West; and it is now nearly three days +since I have been able to put pen to paper. During dinner all the sails +taken in; and the heavy pitching of the ship sent all the grumblers from +the table.</p> + +<p>259 miles. Lat. 50° 33' N.; Long. 34° 59'.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Saturday</i> morning, the 24th.—Read; talked; walked; lunched; walked and +read again. At nine drank "wives and sweethearts;" and then to bed.</p> + +<p>239 miles. Lat. 49° 27' N.; Long. 40° 55'.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Sunday</i>, the 25th.—A beautiful morning, but rather foggy, as we began +to approach the Banks of Newfoundland. Had a very pleasant day of +reading. Had public service at one: sang the hymn of "Greenland's rocky +mountain;" and Mr. Dodge, of New York, read a sermon of the Rev. Thos. +Spencer's, written when he was sixteen years old, from the text "God is +love." The sea calm, but very damp.</p> + +<p>211 miles. Lat. 48° 15' N.; Long. 45° 51'.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Monday</i>, the 26th.—A dense fog about the middle of the banks. Sea +smooth. Going 9-1/2 knots. Spent the day as usual.</p> + +<p>212 miles. Lat. 47° 5' N.; Long. 50° 44'.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Tuesday</i>, the 27th.—Still foggy and dark, cold and comfortless. Saw +lots of porpoises and whales, who walked away from us at their leisure, +the steamer making miserable progress from want of steam, though wind +and sea were favourable. Spent the day as usual.</p> + +<p>209 miles. Lat. 45° 43' N.; Long. 55° 10'.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Wednesday</i>, the 28th.—Sky beautifully clear; but the usual fog came on +at ten, and the engines were stopped for soundings: 77 fathoms, white +sand. Cape Race distant 60 miles.</p> + +<p>229 miles. Lat. 44° 44' N.; Long. 60° 25'.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Thursday</i>, the 29th.—Wind dead a-head, with a heavy sea. Only 7 knots; +and many passengers in bed. At four o'clock the wind changed round, the +sea smoothed down, and we had the most brilliant sunset I ever saw: it +was past all description! It gave me a good impression of an American +sun. The Yankees broke out into applause, and welcomed the face of Sol +as that of an old and tried friend. Had a grand state-dinner to-day; and +the passengers appeared to do ample justice to the viands. Passed a +pleasant evening.</p> + +<p>200 miles. Lat. 43° 4' N.; Long. 64° 14'.</p> + +<p>We presented Captain Mathews with a memorial, signed by all the +passengers, on his first trip as commander, he having been first mate to +Capt. Hoskin in the <i>Great Western</i> ever since she was launched. He +richly deserved a more substantial mark of our regard for his +unremitting attentions.</p> + +<p>The following was the Bill of Fare:—</p> +<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%" summary="Bill of Fare - Great Western"> +<thead> + <tr> + <td colspan='5' align='center'>BREAKFAST.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td width="25%"></td> + <td width="10%" align="right">Dishes.</td> + <td width="10%"></td> + <td width="25%"></td> + <td width="10%" align="right">Dishes.</td> + </tr> +</thead> +<tbody> + <tr> + <td>Beefsteaks</td> + <td align="right">4</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Omelets </td> + <td align="right">8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Mutton Chops</td> + <td align="right">—</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Boiled Eggs</td> + <td align="right">100</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Pork Chops</td> + <td align="right">4</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Homony</td> + <td align="right">6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Ham and Eggs</td> + <td align="right">10</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Hash</td> + <td align="right">—</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Fried Bacon</td> + <td align="right">6</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Mush</td> + <td align="right">—</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Fricasee Chicken</td> + <td align="right">—</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Fried Fish (Soles)</td> + <td align="right">5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Veal Cutlets</td> + <td align="right">4</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Do. Potatoes</td> + <td align="right">—</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Stews</td> + <td align="right">6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='5' align='center'>DINNER.</td> + </tr> +<tr> + <td>Soup--Mock Turtle</td> + <td align="right">6</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Boiled Fowls</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td>pair</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Boiled Fish--Salmon</td> + <td align="right"> </td> + <td> </td> + <td>Corned Beef</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> and Lobster Sauce</td> + <td align="right">4</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Corned Pork</td> + <td align="right">—</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Baked Fish</td> + <td align="right">—</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Ham</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Roast Beef</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Tongues</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Saddles of Mutton</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Fricandeau</td> + <td align="right">—</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Roast Lamb</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Mutton Cutlets</td> + <td align="right">8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Roast Turkey</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Macaroni</td> + <td align="right">4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Roast Veal</td> + <td align="right">—</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Curry</td> + <td align="right">—</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Roast Pig</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Irish Stew</td> + <td align="right">—</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Olive Ducks</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td>pair</td> + <td>Calf's Head</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Roast Fowls</td> + <td align="right">—</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Roast Hare</td> + <td align="right">5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Roast Geese</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Lobster Patties</td> + <td align="right">6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Boiled Mutton</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Chicken Salad</td> + <td align="right">8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Gullenteen Turkeys</td> + <td align="right">4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="5" align="center">PASTRY.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Plum Pudding</td> + <td align="right">5</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Mince Pies</td> + <td align="right">6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Apple Dumpling</td> + <td align="right">8</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Damson Pies</td> + <td align="right">—</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Raspberry Rollers</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Cherry Pies</td> + <td align="right">4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Baked Apple Pudding</td> + <td align="right">5</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Rice Pudding</td> + <td align="right">7</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Apple Pies</td> + <td align="right">7</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Orange ditto</td> + <td align="right">5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Cranberry Pies</td> + <td align="right">7</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Custard ditto</td> + <td align="right">—</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Raspberry Puffs</td> + <td align="right">8</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Bergnets</td> + <td align="right">—</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Plum Pies</td> + <td align="right">7</td> + <td> </td> + <td>Brandy Fruits</td> + <td align="right">8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="5" align="center">WINES, JELLIES, AND BLANCHEMANGE.</td> + </tr> +</tbody> +</table> + +<p>August 29th, 1844.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p><i>Friday.</i>—Saw land to-day for the first time since we left Cape Clear; +and heartily sick of the Atlantic. Saw Lantucket at two P.M. The +atmosphere mild and warm. Paid my wine-bill to Crawford, the head +steward, a black; who, by the way, had got well threshed for +nigger-driving the second steward. Finished my letters for England in +hopes of catching the Boston steamer, which leaves New York at five P.M. +on Saturday.</p> + +<p>210 miles. Lat. 41° 18' N.; Long. 68° 18'.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Saturday.</i>—A beautiful morning. The wind changed. All the passengers +on deck. The pilot (who had come out 160 miles to get the job, a very +intelligent fellow) lent me a New York paper. A good many vessels in +sight. Came close to Long Island. All bustle and confusion packing. Our +boat did her best, but we saw we should be too late for the mail. Got to +Sandy Hook at five; the Narrows at six; and up the East River at seven. +Passed Fort Hamilton; and at half-past seven landed in New York.</p> + +<p>The confusion on landing baffled all description. Hundreds of +pickpockets were on the look-out. We sojourned at the Astor House Hotel. +Had a warm-bath, and retired to rest grateful that I was once more on +<i>Terra firma</i>.</p> + +<p>265 miles. Passage altogether 3022 miles in fourteen days.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Sunday</i>, 1st September.—Rose at six. Took a car with my companion, Mr. +K——, of Liverpool, and went down to the <i>Great Western</i> for our +luggage. We met with great civility from the Custom-house officers. +They would not allow luggage to pass after sunset the previous evening. +After breakfast we heard service at Dr. Spring's Chapel, a Presbyterian: +a beautiful chapel, and a respectable congregation, and all in their +pews before the minister ascended the pulpit: the text was, "The Lord +reigneth:" the singing was good: the service terminated at twelve. The +weather awfully hot: the thermometer stood at 92° in the shade. Dined at +half-past two: 300 sat down to a splendid dinner, everything that could +tempt the appetite or please the epicure. Tea at seven; and supper at +ten, if required.</p> + +<p>I may here remark that Astor House is the largest hotel in the world. +They make up five hundred beds regularly, but could make up eight +hundred: about sixty waiters; five regular clerks; twenty-one +washerwomen; five manglers (all of which is done by steam); twelve +cooks. Take it for all in all,</p> + +<div class='poem'><div class='stanza'> +<span class='i1'>"I ne'er shall see its like again."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Their system is as much carried out as Morrison's, Fore-street. You +never have occasion to ring the bell twice: they have twenty rotunda men +who do nothing else but answer bells and carry out parcels. My first +impression of New York on the Sunday morning was that it resembled +Paris.</p> + +<p>Population, 350,000. Lat. 40° 42' N.; Long. 74° 2-1/2'.</p> + +<p>I here subjoin the Bill of Fare. For eating and bed two dollars per +day, including servants.</p> + +<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%" summary="Bill of Fare - Astoria Hotel"> + <tr> + <td colspan='5' align='center'><i>GENTLEMEN'S ORDINARY.</i></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td width="10%"> </td> + <td width="20%"> </td> + <td width="10%"> </td> + <td width="10%"> </td> + <td width="10%"> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='5' align='center'>SOUP.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='5' align='center'>Mock Turtle Soup.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='5' align='center'>FISH.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan='2'>Baked Black Fish, Claret sauce,</td> + <td>Clam Chowder.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='5' align='center'>BOILED.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td> Corned Beef,</td> + <td colspan='2'> Chickens and Pork,</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td> Ham,</td> + <td colspan='2'> Smoked Corned Beef,</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td> Tongue,</td> + <td> Leg of Mutton.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='5' align="center">—————</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td>Cold Pressed Corned Beef,</td> + <td colspan="2">Cold Corned Leg of Pork,</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td>Cold Roast Beef,</td> + <td>Cold Roast Lamb.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='5' align='center'>SIDE DISHES.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td>Lobster Salad, </td> + <td colspan="2">Small Birds, Port Wine sauce,</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td>Mutton Chops, breaded, </td> + <td colspan="2">Small Oyster Pies,</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td>Rib of Beef, Champagne sauce,</td> + <td colspan="2">Ducks, Spanish sauce,</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td>Pigeons with fine Herbs, </td> + <td colspan="2">Veal, Tomato sauce,</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td>Broiled Chickens, Steward's</td> + <td colspan="2">Macaroni,</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td> sauce</td> + <td colspan="2">Eels, Cold Sauce,</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td>Calf's Head, Brain sauce,</td> + <td colspan="2">Beans and Pork.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='5' align='center'>VEGETABLES.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td>Boiled Potaotes,</td> + <td>Onions,</td> + <td>Boiled Rice,</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td>Corn,</td> + <td>Turnips,</td> + <td>Beets,</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td> </td> + <td>Tomatoes,</td> + <td>Cabbage,</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td> Fried Egg Plants,</td> + <td> Shelled Beans.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='5' align='center'>ROAST.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td>Beef,</td> + <td>Chicken,</td> + <td></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td>Pig,</td> + <td>Geese,</td> + <td colspan="2">Lamb and Mint sauce.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='5' align='center'>PASTRY.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td>Peach Pie,</td> + <td>Kisses,</td> + <td>Lemon Pudding,</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td> Custard Pie,</td> + <td> Fruit Jelly.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='5' align='center'>DESSERT.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='5' align='center'>Filberts, Almonds, Raisins, Oranges, Figs, Plums,</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='5' align='center'>Apples, Pears, Melons, Peaches, &c.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='5' align='center'>ICE CREAM.</td> + </tr> +</table> +<br><br><br> +<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%" summary="Bill of Fare - Astoria Hotel - Alcoholic Beverages"> +<thead> + <tr> + <td width="10%"> </td> + <td width="50%"> </td> + <td width="20%"> </td> + <td width="5%" align="right">D.</td> + <td width="5%" align="right">C.</td> + </tr> +</thead> +<tbody> + <tr> + <td colspan="3" align='center'>MOSELLE.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td>Seister Water </td> + <td align="right">Price per bottle,</td> + <td align="right">0</td> + <td align="right">75</td> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Moselle, 1831 </td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='3' align='center'>SAUTERNE.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Sauterne</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Morton's Y. Chem</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Pints</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='3' align='center'>HOCK.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Markgraefer, delicate</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Rudeshoimer, 1834, pints</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Marcobrunner</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Steinberger Cabinet, 1831</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Sparkling Hock</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Ausbruck Cabinet Rothenberg of 1831</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Ausbruck Cabinet Graffenburg, 1831</td> + <td align="right">4</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Ausbruck Cabinet Rothenburg, 1822</td> + <td align="right">4</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Cabinet Schloss Johannisberger, 1822</td> + <td align="right">5</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Prince Metternich's Castle, bottled, yellow seal, 1831</td> + <td align="right">5</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Metternich's Castle, bottled, red seal, 1822</td> + <td align="right">5</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Prince Metternich's celebrated Castle, bottled, gold seal, Johannisberger vintage 1822</td> + <td align="right">8</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='3' align='center'>CHAMPAGNE.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Schreider</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Napoleon</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Cliquot</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Heidsieck </td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Ruinart</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Perriot</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Star</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Venoge, J.T.B.</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Duc de Montabello, dry</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2"> Do. do. sweet </td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2"> Do. do. Ladies' wine </td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Pints do. do.</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='3' align='center'>CLARET.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Table Claret</td> + <td align="right">0</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2"> Do. do.</td> + <td align="right">0</td> + <td align="right">75</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Pints of Barsolou</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">St. Estephe, V. Barsalou</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">St. Julien, do.</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">25</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Leoville, do.</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Pontet Canet, do.</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Chateau Latour, do.</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">75</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Battailly, Barton, and Guestier, 1834</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Chateau Beychevelle, do. 1834</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Mouton, do. 1834</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Latour, do. 1834</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Chateau Lafitte, do. 1834</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Chateau Margeaux, do. 1834</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">St. Julien, in pint bottles, V.B.</td> + <td align="right">0</td> + <td align="right">75</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Leoville do. do.</td> + <td align="right">0</td> + <td align="right">75</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Pontet Canet, do. do.</td> + <td align="right">0</td> + <td align="right">75</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Latour, do. do.</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Lafitte</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='3' align='center'>PORT.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Particular</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Tower</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Brazil</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='3' align='center'>BURGUNDY.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Macon</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2"> Do. pints</td> + <td align="right">0</td> + <td align="right">75</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Pouilly, White Burgundy</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2"> Do. do. pints</td> + <td align="right">0</td> + <td align="right">75</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Pomard</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Chambertin</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">00 + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Romanee</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Vosne</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">00 + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='3' align='center'>SHERRY.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Harmony, Amontillado, delicious</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Sherry, Pale, N.O.</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Sherry, S.S.</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Yriarte, Pale, delicate</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Yriarte, Gold G.</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Crowley (Sayres) Gold</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2"> Do. do. Brown, extra</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2"> Do. do. Amontillado</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Imperial, Pale</td> + <td align="right">4</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Brown, imported in glass</td> + <td align="right">4</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Romano, do. very old</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Romano, Pale, very old</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Lobo, Brown, FO, long bottled</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Ne Plus Ultra</td> + <td align="right">4</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan='3' align='center'>MADEIRA.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Henry Clay, imported into Boston in 1826.</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Madeira, F.B.</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Madera Oliveiro</td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">L.P. Madeira</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Blackburne's</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Blackburne's Reserve</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Howard, March, and Co.'s Madeira, imported for the Astor House, F.</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Newton, Gordon, and Murdock's (GM)</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Oliveires Reserve, 17 years old</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">E.I. Leacock, old, dry</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Leacock, M.L., imported, 1826, into New Orleans</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Murdock, Yuille, and Woodrope, MY</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Yellow Seal, original N.G.M. delicate</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">D.V. Sercial, very delicate</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Brazil, V.I. very old, a favourite wine</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Brown Seal, old Monteiras, 'superior'</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Nabob</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Red Seal, old, bottled, East India</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Eclipse Madeira</td> + <td align="right">4</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Rapid, imported 1818</td> + <td align="right">4</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Green Seal, Virginia Madeira, light and very delicate</td> + <td align="right">4</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">White Top, very old and delicate</td> + <td align="right">4</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Thorndike, very old and 'superior'</td> + <td align="right">4</td> + <td align="right">50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Edward Tuckerman, Esq., Scott, Laughnan, Penfold,and Co.'s, imported 1820, P.M.</td> + <td align="right">5</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Gratz, yellow seal, 1806</td> + <td align="right">5</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2"> Do. green seal, 1806</td> + <td align="right">5</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2"> Do. black seal, 1806</td> + <td align="right">5</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2"> Do. red seal, bottled 1806 </td> + <td align="right">5</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Wanton, exceedingly delicate, thirty years in wood, W.</td> + <td align="right">5</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">John A. Gordon's Madeira, imported into Philadelphia 1798</td> + <td align="right">5</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Caroline, an old family-wine</td> + <td align="right">5</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Gordon, Buff, Inglis, and Co.'s, imported by H.G. Otis</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2"> and Edward Tuckerman, Esq., 1811, G.</td> + <td align="right">5</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Stalk's Madeira, bottled in Calcutta, imported 1825</td> + <td align="right">6</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Hurd's Madeira, bottled in 1822 in Calcutta</td> + <td align="right">5</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Essex, Jr., imported 1819</td> + <td align="right">6</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Smith and Huggins, Dyker's White top, bottled in 1800 in St. Eustatia </td> + <td align="right">7</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Tuckerman's B., 1810</td> + <td align="right">7</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Thorndike's A., 1809</td> + <td align="right">8</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Wedding Wine</td> + <td align="right">8</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Gov. Philip's Wine</td> + <td align="right">9</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td colspan="2">Gov. Kirby's original bottles, OO</td> + <td align="right">12</td> + <td align="right">00</td> + </tr> +</tbody> +</table> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p><i>Monday</i> morning, the 2nd.—After breakfast despatched three-quarters of +a hundred newspapers to my old and valued friends in England. They keep +no stock on hand for promiscuous sale: they printed them on purpose for +me. After which I visited the business parts. All the streets filled +with empty cases, which they had just cleared for the Fall trade: +auctioneers hammering away in all corners, knocking goods about as if +they cost nothing. In the stores there appears no system—all is +confusion. The heat was awful till seven P.M., when the rain came down +in torrents: at the same time the atmosphere was brilliantly lighted by +flashes of electric fire. Took Mr. and Mrs. Green to the Park Theatre, +to patronize Anderson as <i>Othello</i>, Miss Clara Ellis as <i>Desdemona</i>, and +a Mr. Dowsett as <i>Iago</i>, all of whom crossed with us. A poor set out. +Theatrical property in the States, I understand, is at a greater +discount than in England. Poor Mr. Simpson, whom I sat next to in my +passage, is the proprietor—a worthy man, and much esteemed. To bed at +eleven.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Tuesday.</i>—A long day of business. Observed with regret their loose +mode. All busy; and they appear to think good times will last for ever. +Nearly all have failed at one time or the other. Bankers discounting +liberally at present; and all appear to be trying who can sell cheapest. +Retired to rest at eleven, lost in amazement, and the reflection that +this state of things cannot last long.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Wednesday.</i>—Ascertained the geography of the town pretty well; and so +I ought, for I walked till I was nearly red in the face, and my shirt +wet through. Engaged at the present moment, ten P.M., writing this, with +all my bedroom windows open, and in my shirt. <i>Hot!</i> HOT!! VERY HOT!!!</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Thursday.</i>—Called upon Mr. J.J. Echalaz, at Goodhue and Co.'s, where I +received marked attention from both Mr. E. and his employers. When I +introduced my letters from E.B. Webb, at Baring's, got some valuable +information, and letters of introduction to Philadelphia, Boston, +Baltimore, Washington, and Canada. Afterwards took a turn amongst the +retail-shops, to see their system. Mr. Stewart, Broadway, and a few +others, are done upon the London style, but the lower class take any +price they can get. Disco-</p> +<br /> + +<p>[Transcriber's Note: One page of text is missing here (page 15 in the +original work).]</p> +<br /> + +<p>superintendent has a higher object than his pay. God grant that he may +long be spared!—We then saw the avenues; and, as "variety is charming," +we then visited Niblo's Theatre—something like what Vauxhall was: lots +of handsome girls performing nonsense; and two or three men, more +particularly one named Mitchell, kept us in roars of laughter. Bussed it +home: no conductor: the driver has a strap with which he shuts and opens +the door, and you pay him through a hole in the roof. To bed at eleven. +Began to like my companion very much: found him a sober, religious, +industrious man, who studies to make himself agreeable.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Friday</i> morning.—Bought a lot of books, new publications, at +desperately low prices: bought also a capital map of the United States +and Canada for 10 dollars to send to Bow Churchyard, to show my +<i>journey</i> when I return to Europe. Afterwards had a long consultation +with my old friend and fellow-apprentice, Joseph Blane, who is in +prosperity, esteemed by all who know him, and in possession of the best +information about the standing of the different parties in the dry-goods +trade. Spent the remainder of the day with George Pearce, and was rather +favourably impressed with the object I had in view in taking this +voyage. It is now ten, and I smoke my solitary cigar, having confined +myself to one since my arrival.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Saturday</i> morning.—Full of business all day. Had interviews with +Brown Brothers, (the Rothschilds of America,) from whom I received +marked kindness and attention, and most liberal offers to transact our +money operations. Also spent an hour with Pickersgill and partners, who +had been doing our business, and was much pleased with their +straightforward manner. Also saw Mr. Ebbets, at the Union Bank, whom I +found a business man. Heard all their propositions, and reflected upon +them. Dined with Mr. Pearce, and stuck to my writing till seven o'clock. +Then called upon Mr. Green; and he came and had an oyster supper with +me. And I may here observe, they beat us altogether in cooking oysters: +they fry, stew, roast, boil, and have every imaginable way of cooking +them. Took a warm-bath to finish the week, and not before I required it, +as I have been wet through every day with perspiration since I came +here. To bed at ten.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Sunday</i> morning.—Rose fresh. Had my head shampooed and cleaned in a +most extraordinary manner. Breakfasted, and to St. John's Episcopal +Church, and heard a very good sermon by Dr. Milliner: I forget the text, +although I was much impressed with the discourse. Returned to the Astor, +where my old friend, Joseph Blane, was waiting to take me to his house +to dine. He has the best house I had been in yet—774, Broadway; not +living, like most of the New York merchants, at hotels, lodgings, or +boarding-houses. Introduced to his wife, whom I found a delightful +woman—of French extraction, but Yankee-born. Was introduced to Mr. +Deseze, Mrs. B.'s brother-in-law, a Frenchman, who fought under Napoleon +at Waterloo, and was offered to retain his commission by Louis XVIII., +but he declined it. This was one of the pleasantest days I had spent +since I left my own fireside. It brought old recollections to my memory +that had long been buried—scenes of my boyhood, when Blane and I were +serving our apprenticeship in Wigton. In the evening we went to Palmo's +Opera-house, to hear Dr. Lardner, of Heaviside notoriety. It was his +second lecture on the "Evidences of Religion afforded by the Phenomena +of Nature, and the Consistency of Science with Divine Revelation." We +were much pleased. He is the most complete elocutionist I ever heard, +and impressed a crowded audience with his sublime subject. What a +melancholy loss to England by his one false step, that degraded him in +moral society! Walked to the Astor, and took one cigar each, when Mr. B. +told me he was collecting charity for the poor widow of H. W——s, who +had left her without a shilling to support four helpless children. He +had 6000 dollars a year, and Mr. F. discharged him for intemperance. He +took to his bed, and died of a broken heart. I envied this man, when I +lived with him at F.'s, for his position. Gave his widow 50 dollars; +and to bed.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Monday</i> morning.—Had a long interview with Prime, Ward, and King, the +first house here whom I had letters to from Barings and Overend, and +Gurney. They gave me all the information in their power, and introduced +me to Mr. Halford's agent, a bill-broker, 46, Wall-street. Was occupied +till dinner writing to Bow Churchyard, and had Mr. Pearce to dine with +me. Dr. Keene called in the evening, and we took steam-boat (as large as +six of the Margate boats) to Holboken. Had a delightful walk by the +Hudson River, and saw some Indians, real Natives, with whom I was much +struck. Returned by a steam-boat, still larger and more crammed: I +should think there must have been 2000 souls, with lots of +trotting-horses, and gigs from 70 lbs. to 120 lbs. weight each, +returning from a trotting-match. Heard some extraordinary grasshoppers, +which repeated "Kate she did!" and "Kate she didn't!" quite distinctly. +Thence, for the first time, to a mobocracy meeting, where they expressed +awfully Liberal opinions—"Polk and Dallas for ever!" The room, a very +large one, was crammed to suffocation: I should think there were 5000 +wedged in, and I should say the thermometer stood at 106°. Liberal as I +am, I went no length to them. Beat all the speeches I ever heard. Dan. +O'Connell, Tom Duncombe, and the late Hunt and Cobbett were fools to +them. Home again with a wet shirt, and to bed.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Tuesday</i> morning.—Received letters of introduction from Goodhue and +Co. to Philadelphia, Boston, Baltimore, Canada, and Washington. Had a +long talk with Mr. M., 60, Cedar-street. Introduced by Pearce, about my +intended trip: found him very useful. Received an order from a good +house, without soliciting them. Wrote and finished my letters home per +<i>Great Western</i>. Mr. Blane, and my old friend Brough, the performer, +dined with me. Was introduced to Capt. M'Lean, of the <i>Swallow</i>, running +to Albany; and then walked with Mr. R., of Manchester, down to the +Battery: a beautiful walk. To the Castle Garden, where there was another +Polk meeting, which I should think 10,000 people attended. Lots of +Liberality again. The Fort close to this is a splendid affair. Came by +White Hall back to the Astor, and wrote a long letter to my wife; and, +as it is just now ten o'clock, good night!</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Wednesday</i> morning.—Bought three splendid racoon skins—one each for +Mr. Groucock, Mr. J. of Liverpool, and self, for our carriage +driving-boxes (Mr. J. having put upon my finger a magnificent diamond +ring very unexpectedly when I was leaving my native shore, as a mark of +gratitude for a disinterested act on my part towards him long, long ago, +which he considered had been the groundwork of his fortune:) also some +tobacco to pack in them, to prevent them spoiling. Then saw over the +Custom-house, which is a very fine building; and the Exchange. Business +is not done here as it is in London. Mr. Vyse, Mr. Palin, and I then +visited the Tombs. Prisoners do not remain here long. If the sentence is +long, they are sent to Blackwood's Island. The prisoners here are kept +clean, have well-aired cells, and are allowed to walk about at their +pleasure. They get only two meals a day: a quart of coffee or more, and +as much bread as they can eat. Dinner at three, with plenty of beef and +bread. For very long sentences they are sent to Sing-Sing, up the North +River, and Auburn state-prisons. We then visited the Sessions-house, +where there is no distinction between judges, counsel, or prisoners—all +are in plain dress, spitting about in all corners. Heard an eloquent +counsel defending a prisoner. Saw the lock-up, the warder's and grand +jury rooms. Altogether the Tombs is a very fine building. Saw where the +memorable J.C. Colt destroyed himself immediately after he was married, +and two hours before he would have been hanged. We passed Washington +Hall, where many a fine fellow has been ruined by gaming and drinking; +and dined at Astor House, where I was told it for a positive fact they +take 500 dollars a day ready money for drinks of brandy by people +standing. They pay 40,000 dollars a year rent. We then took a drive, +saw Mr. Vyse's fine horse and sulky, and spent an hour at his +apartments, which are first-rate: then to Trenton Hall to see a Mr. +Green, a reformed gambler, who exposed the rascality of gaming of all +sorts, and taught me how to know the cards by their backs. I was much +interested, and bought his "Life," with its scandalous exposures. Saw +Captain M'Arthey, who shot his brother in a duel, and has been +distracted ever since. To bed at eleven o'clock.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Thursday</i> morning.—Called upon Prime, Ward, and King, for letters of +introduction for my future route. Read P. and S.'s articles of +partnership. Wrote another long letter to my wife. Put Mr. Dowden's +commission into Mr. Pearce's hands, and Mr. Carrick's into Mr. Brough's, +who has friends at Vicksburgh. Bought my wife a handsome rocking-chair. +Then walked down to see the <i>Queen of the West</i>, the finest packet-ship +I ever saw. Visited the different markets: saw lots of fruit, but do not +think they touch us in anything but apples; tasted a large pumpkin, but +did not like it. Dined at the Astor; paid my bill, and packed up. To bed +at ten.</p> + +<br /> + +<h4>MY JOURNEY SOUTH.</h4> +<br /> + +<p><i>Friday</i> morning, the 13th October.—I left New York at nine A.M., and +crossed the North River per steam-boat to New Jerseytown, to the +Philadelphian railway. Each carriage held about eighty; still they were +comfortable with the windows up; and cheap—four dollars for 100 miles. +No second or third class. Six carriages, all crammed. The first station +we stopped at was Rohaio; thence to Elizabethtown; thence to New +Brunswick; then crossed the Delaware to Trenton, Pennsylvania state, and +to Bristol ferry, to the new Philadelphia steam-boat, waiting to take us +down the Delaware to Philadelphia. The country is fertile, capable, with +good farming, of producing good crops, which it has, of buckwheat, +Indian corn, and peaches—any quantity. We passed the seat of Joseph +Bonaparte; and also the notorious Nicholas Biddle's, who was President +of the United States Bank for twenty years, whose stock is now worth £5 +that sold once for £140. I was much interested on my journey with a +gentleman from Heilderberg region, in the Rensselaer country, where the +native Indians, as they call themselves, assemble masked; and on one +occasion tarred and feathered the sheriff for attempting to enforce the +rents of the Van Rensselaer family estates, the deluded beings having +persuaded themselves they had as much right to the property as the +family that had it confirmed to them by the law of the land. When will +the <i>Locofocos</i> be satisfied? Nearly opposite Philadelphia is a smart +town called Camden, where the wealthy merchants reside. We saw lots of +people shooting reed-birds on the banks of the Delaware. This is about +ninety miles from Cape Mare: then it is open sea to England. I was +struck with the town of Philadelphia. The streets all run in triangular +directions, and, as in New York, are called First, Second, and so on; +and many by such names as Cedar, Pine, Walnut, Chestnut, Mulberry, &c. +The ruined United States Bank is really a fine building of marble, +uninhabited. The Exchange is worthy of remark. The receiving-room, where +the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776, is magnificent. It +has a statue of Washington, and a portrait of William Penn, the first +white man as a settler in 1661. This building was erected in 1733. The +Pennsylvanian Bank is a fine building. The Post-office small and +inconvenient. I then visited the Sessions-house, and heard them trying +the rioters. Home to bed at eight, tired out.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Saturday</i> morning.—Walked the Market-street, being the market-day. Was +much gratified with the immense quantity of domestic articles of every +description, particularly fruit: water-melons as big as 16 lbs. or 20 +lbs. weight, and the finest of peaches selling at 1 s. per bushel. I +then called upon all the commercial people I wished to see, and found +they depended upon New York for supply. Found an old neighbour, Lewis +Brown, from Rose Castle, Cumberland, who arrived here without a penny, +and is now worth 150,000 dollars. Returned to Jones's Union Hotel to +dinner. I may observe, it is the best-conducted house I ever saw, and +the cleanest, situated in Chestnut-street, opposite the Arcade. After +dinner, Matthew Williams drove me to the water-works, Fairmount, where +there is a magnificent view of the town. Philadelphia is most +bountifully provided with fresh water, which is showered and jerked +about in all directions. The Water-works are no less ornamental than +useful, being tastefully laid out as a public garden, and kept in the +best order. The river is dammed and forced by its own powers into +certain high tanks or reservoirs, whence the whole city, to the top +stories, is supplied at 5 dollars a tap. It was a fine evening, and we +took a long drive, always passing everything on the wrong side. Very bad +roads, and quite new scenery to me. Returned over a wooden bridge, +covered, as they all are; and crossed the Schuylkill river, which runs +parallel with the Delaware, distant about seven miles, and joins it +there, which makes Philadelphia, like New York, almost an island.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Sunday</i> morning.—Heard a splendid sermon from Mr. Barnes, at his +Presbyterian chapel, Washington-square; text 4th chap. of Philippians, +and 8th verse: "Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, +whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever +things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any +virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things." We then +walked to Christ Church burying-ground, and saw the grave of the +immortal Franklin. George III. built Christ Church. After dinner took +another drive to Girard College, a splendid unfinished marble structure: +when completed will be the richest edifice of modern times. Girard was a +banker, and died worth 10,700,000 dollars, two millions of which were +left to educate and provide for orphans of all classes. He was a poor +French tobacconist, and rose through trading with the West Indies. We +then drove to the Laurel Hill Cemetery, a beautifully situated place or +plot of ground, by the Schuylkill river: there is the figure of Sir +Walter Scott's Old Mortality cut out of solid stone. The cost for +interment is 3s. 6d. per square foot. We then drove up the +Wissiocou-road to German Town, where they beat us in making woollen +drawers, stockings, &c., owing to our laws and the American high tariff. +Came home by the West, having now driven all round—East, North, and +South. Had tea; and went to St. John's Episcopal Church, and heard a +good sermon from the rector, the Rev. Mr. Newton; text, Hebrews i. 11: +"They shall perish, but thou remainest; and they all shall wax old as +doth a garment." It was most eloquent. With a population of 250,000, +they have 250 churches of different sects, and nearly all talented men +for preachers—indeed, Philadelphia has ever been known for its learning +and benevolence since its rise. I forgot to say we crossed a <i>wire +bridge</i>, the only one in the world that would bear 80 tons. Home, and to +bed.</p> +<br /> +<p><i>Monday</i> morning.—Took a regular turn through all the commercial houses +again, and like their system better than New York. Lunched off peaches, +and then drove off to the Mint—not worth seeing. Thence to the Eastern +Penitentiary, where they have 360 prisoners. The solitary system is +abominable. I could not walk a happy man beneath the open sky by day, or +lay me down upon my bed at night, with the consciousness that one human +creature, for any length of time, lay suffering this unknown punishment, +and I the cause, or consenting to it in the least degree. The building +is very large, and kept in perfect order: it cannot be praised too +highly. We entered into a large chamber, from which seven long passages +radiate; on either side of which is a long row of low cell-doors, +numbered. Standing at the central point, and looking down these dreary +passages, the dull repose and quiet that prevails is awful. I was much +interested with one prisoner that had nearly completed his seven years, +who stated that he had been guilty of stealing 100 dollars, and that, +his conscience upbraiding him, he took them back previous to being found +out: still he was sentenced. He had a loom, had extracted some colours +from the yarn, and painted his room all over. But enough. I left it +labouring under a feeling of melancholy, and visited the Blind Asylum, +where we saw the system of reading by raised letters beautifully carried +out. A little girl and boy, about nine, who had been there only one +year, could read the Bible well: a young lady from Gloucester (England) +could tell you the latitude and longitude of any place upon a raised +map; and two others could sing and play well, thoroughly understanding +music. They take thirty boys and thirty girls upon the charity, and +educate them so that they can get a living in after-life; and others +they take at 200 dollars a-year for any period. Strange to say, they +sometimes get married. I bought some of their work, and printed some of +the raised letters. Contributed to the charity, and left much pleased. +And I may here observe—Jones's, the Union Hotel, is very first-rate. He +is from Warwickshire: all black servants, with a first-rate system. Got +a good dinner; and then saw the process of hatching chickens by steam. I +regretted I saw this, as I think I shall never like eggs again. We ought +to have visited the City Almshouse, Navy Yard, Marine Hospital, Widows' +Asylum, and many more places, but had not time. We then visited the +Pennsylvania Hospital, established by William Penn. His statue is +erected in the front, where he is represented as treating with the +Indians, after his mission from Charles II. After seeing the patients, +which are taken free to the number of 200, (others are paid for by +different institutions,) we saw the splendid painting by West, "Christ +healing the Sick." We then visited the Musical Fund Hall, and heard the +far-famed Ethiopian serenaders, Messrs. German, Hanwood, Harrington, +Warren, and Pelham, upon the accordion, banjo, congo-tambo, and +bone-castanets, in all of which they stand unrivalled in the world. They +were representing Niggers' lives, with songs, &c. Home and to bed, tired +out.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Tuesday.</i>—Started for Baltimore at eight, per rail: crowded as usual. +Horses drag you out of the different towns: thence steam. The first +station was Chester: thence across the Schuylkill and Potomac to +Wilmington; and crossed the Delaware and Susquehanna into Maryland—the +first <i>slave</i> state I had been in. A shudder involuntarily came over me. +Having worked up my imagination, I fancied every black I saw was a +slave. We crossed Havre de Gras, and two or three other beautiful lakes, +with bridges of wood over, to save us some miles round, exclusively for +the rail, and arrived at Baltimore Exchange Hotel to dinner. Afterwards +strolled about the town; and passed the house of Jerome Bonaparte, who +lives in the park quite retired. All the houses here appear as if built +within the last few years: the bricks are quite red, and apparently new. +The women, as in Philadelphia, are very handsome, except their bosoms, +which are quite flat. I climbed to the top of Washington's Monument. It +is 180 feet high. The enclosure is flagged with white marble. It was +erected by the slave state of Maryland. The inscriptions are: "Born 22nd +Feb., 1732. Died 14th Dec., 1799, aged 67. Commander-in-chief of the +American army 15th June, 1775. Commission resigned at Annapolis 23rd +Dec., 1783. Victorious at Trenton 25th Dec., 1776; and conquered Lord +Cornwallis at York Town Oct., 1781. President of the United States 4th +March, 1789. Retired to Mount Vernon 4th March, 1797, and died as +above." It cost half a million dollars. Home and to-bed, tired as +usual.—Population, 125,000.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Wednesday</i> morning, the 18th Sept.—Satisfied myself about business, +which appears to be in a thriving state. I then visited the Catholic +Cathedral, which cost 300,000 dollars; St. Paul's Church; and several +other public buildings; the City Fountain, which supplies the town +plentifully with spring water; the Battle Monument, erected to the +memory of those who fell in the defence of Baltimore in 1814—James +Madison president at the time. Gen. Jackson conquered Sir Henry +Pakenham at New Orleans in the same year. Jackson was president in 1832, +and re-elected. This battle took place in the 39th year of Independence. +General Ross was killed in 1816, at North Point battle, after bombarding +Fort M'Henry. The army in the United States is only 6000, commanded by +Major-Gen. Scott. The President is the nominal Commander-in-chief. We +visited the Race-course, and saw a couple of bad races: it is a +burlesque after England. After dinner we proceeded per rail to +Washington City, through Delaware, another slave state; but am happy to +say both this and Maryland are wearing out—that is, they will soon be +free. The market-price in these two states is, for men, from 5 to 10 +dollars; and women about half the price. The contrast is great between +the States and England in regard to windows. Here they cram as many +windows into a house as it will hold, as there is no duty or tax upon +anything but business or real property—very wise and just tax. Retired, +at Brown's Hotel, Washington, at ten, used up, as usual, with the heat.</p> + +<br /> + +<h4>THE CAPITOL.</h4> +<br /> + +<p><i>Thursday.</i>—Rose early, much refreshed—as I forgot to mention that, +although our beds at Baltimore were entirely covered with net, I was +afraid I should have been eaten alive with mosquitoes. Washington is +called a capital, having a portion taken from Virginia and Maryland for +the senators' use. It is a long straggling town, with very wide streets; +called by some the city of magnificent distances, but, more properly +speaking, it might be called the city of magnificent intentions. It is +located in the district of Colombia—a territory of ten miles square, +formed into a separate and detached jurisdiction by the constitution of +the United States. The city was laid out by General Washington, and +Congress took up its abode there in 1800. The Capitol is situated in an +area of twenty-two and a half acres; is a splendid building, on an +eminence close to the Potomac river. The Hall of Representatives is in +the second story of the south wing, and is of the form of the ancient +Grecian theatre. There are twenty-four columns of variegated native +marble from the banks of the Potomac. There is a splendid portrait of +Lafayette, and another of Washington, by Vanderlyn. Their present +speaker is Mr. White—elected the same as ours. The rotunda is very +imposing. In its centre stands the great statue, by Greenough, of +Washington; and around the walls are the various pictures ordered by +Congress—"The Declaration of Independence," "The Surrender at +Saratoga," "The Surrender and Capitulation at York Town," and +"Washington resigning his Sword at Annapolis," all by Trumbull. I was +much struck with Chapman's great picture of "The Baptism of the Indian +Princess Pocahontas, before her Marriage with Rolph, the Englishman." +The Vice-President of the United States presides in the Senate-house: +his salary is only 5000 dollars, and the President's 25,000 dollars. In +the library are portraits of Tyler, Adams, Jefferson, Washington, +Madison, Munro, and Peyton; also Randolph, the first president in 1774 +and 1775, and Hancock, the second. Congress meets on the 1st December, +and sits till June. Representatives are paid two dollars a-day. The +rotunda has been the inaugural scene of General Jackson, Van Buren, and +General Harrison. It was here Lawrence, the maniac, attempted the life +of General Jackson. The statuary in the rotunda is, "William Penn's +Treaty with the Indians:" he is in the act of delivering the treaty to a +couple of chiefs. There is "The Indian Princess Pocahontas rescuing +Capt. Smith from the Indians." There is "Boone's Combat with the +Indians;" and over the eastern door is represented "The Landing of the +Pilgrim Fathers at Plymouth." They were persecuted in England, and fled +to New England, amongst wild savages, enemies to civilization and +Christianity. The Puritans landed at Plymouth (Massachusetts), and +commenced the first English settlement. The Capitol cost 3,000,000 +dollars. There are fifty-two senators, and twenty-two representatives.</p> + +<p>The President's house is in the western part of the city; and stands on +a plot of twenty acres, forty-four feet above the Potomac. It is 170 +feet front, and eighty-six deep; built of freestone, with Ionic +pilasters. It was shown to us by one Martin Renehan, an Irishman; and as +the President was absent, we visited all the rooms, which were meanly +furnished—indeed, carpets and chair-bottoms worn out; a common pine +dining-table, which the Prince de Joinville, Lord Ashburton, Lord +Morpeth, Mr. Fox, and Mr. Pakenham, our present minister, with others, +to the number of forty-four (they never have more), dined off. My house +is much better furnished; and the President only keeps eighteen +servants, including master of the household, &c. The private +drawing-room is the best, but that is bad. We saw the bed General +Harrison died in. We visited the Treasury department: this is a noble +structure, 457 feet in length, and after the architecture of the temple +of Minerva, at Athens. There are 250 rooms. It is adjoining the +department of state. The Post-office is of the Corinthian style, marble +front. The plan is a parallelogram, 204 feet in extent, and sixty-five +wide. The Patent-office is 280 feet in length, and seventy in depth, +where patents are taken out at the cost of 30 dollars. We saw one that +astonished us not a little—a machine for making railways, called a +Pile-driver, which makes a railway over a lake, swamp, or forest, and +finishes it straight away. It is in operation in the southern states, +and found to answer, at one-tenth the cost in England. It is so +incredible, I will not describe it. There is another, called the +Excavator, that bores through hills, &c. and quickens the work fiftyfold +to manual labour. Both these are worked by steam, and the most +incredible inventions I ever saw. Otis is the inventor of the latter. +There is also a screw-patent in operation in Rhode Island. In the +spacious room above are preserved Washington's equipments in war-time. +They are uncostly, plain, and humble, showing the unostentatious mind of +the great man. Here are all the presents from different courts: members +of the United States Government are not allowed to keep them. There is a +costly diamond snuffbox from the Emperor of Russia; and a large bottle +of pure attar of roses, three times the price of gold. There are +portraits of Gortez, conqueror of Mexico in 1521; of Columbus, the +discoverer of America; of Cuvier, the French naturalist; and one I was +much struck with, by Spagnoletti, of Job and his three friends (see Job +xiv.): also one of Wat Tyler!</p> + +<p>We visited the old departments of Government, State, War, and General +Government. The rooms of the various secretaries are furnished plainly. +We were disappointed at the Navy Yard—no appearance like England. The +first object introduced was a piece of cannon taken from the English +fleet when Sir George Cockburn came up the Potomac. The sight of this +gave me a chill, as it was the first time I had ever seen England's arms +in other powers' possession. The name of Sir George Cockburn is hated, +as he would have destroyed recklessly, had not Ross, a Fifeshire man, +restrained him. Ross's memory is as much loved as the other's is hated. +This was in 1814. On the left is the house of the commandant of the +yard—a captain in the navy. They make anchors, blocks, and tackle of +all sorts for ships' use. There are several hundred men usually employed +at the yard. Several first-rate vessels have been built here. They told +us that they sunk several of their vessels here when they heard of their +defeat at Bladensburg; but I guess it was the English that sunk them. +There are many more sights, but our time would not allow us to tarry.</p> + +<p>I had much wished to have gone down to Charlestown, and then into the +far West; but the contemplation of slavery, the pain of living in the +constant intercourse with slave servants, and the awfully hot weather, +which might have caused me to take the fever—added to all, my great +anxiety to receive letters from England—particularly from my wife, +from whom I had now been absent five weeks without hearing—the +pleasures of memory having almost kindled into the charming +reminiscences of my first love—decided me to take my course North +again; and I must acknowledge I left Washington with regret, and the +contemplation that, ere many years roll over, it will be a magnificent +city. I may here remark there is a telegraph, or galvanic power, fixed +between the Capitol and Baltimore, that takes the news forty miles in a +second. This is a good line of single rails, which they all are. At +Baltimore we took steam up the Pennsylvanian states to Frenchtown—about +sixty miles; and thence rail twenty miles to Newcastle; thence steam up +the Delaware to Philadelphia; thence rail to Amboy, through Burlington, +Bordingtown, and Hidestown. Amboy is only five miles from the Atlantic, +where we came in from England. We came up Staten Island Sound, with New +Jersey on the left, and passed Elizabeth Port and Payrosville, and saw +Newark and the Pacific river about eight miles in the distance: then +passed the Narrows, Governor's Island, Ellis and Gibbet Islands, and +arrived at the Battery at seven, after travelling 400 miles in +twenty-seven hours. Received my letters at the Astor, and was pleased +with their news: retired to rest very tired, after my companion had read +two chapters in the Bible to me, which has been our custom since we +came together.</p> + +<p>I have now seen enough of the independent states of America to convince +me that Henry Clay is the proper man for President. The whole tenor of +his life has been for his country's good. He feels the moral degradation +the states of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Illinois, and Mississippi have +brought upon his country by repudiation; and he would, if returned, +advocate appropriating the waste lands to paying their debts. He would +also <i>veto</i> annexing Texas and the Oregon territory, and by such means +keep the southern and northern states from collision. My humble opinion +is, if the southern states get hold of Texas, as their interests are +diametrically opposed to the interests of the North, all they require is +a little more strength to set about a separation.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Saturday</i> morning.—Rose dissatisfied with the Astor, they having +placed us four stories high to sleep. Called upon several friends in the +course of the day. Nothing particular in view. In the evening visited +the Chatham Theatre, a regular Yankee place, to see the original Mr. +Rice perform a burlesque <i>Othello</i>!! and the farce <i>Here's a Go</i>! He +acted to admiration, and sang lots of Nigger songs, amongst which his +masterpiece, "Jump Jim Crow," was encored three times. He placed us in a +private box, and we spent half an hour with him. A more gentlemanly man +I never met. He is retiring upon a fortune made of £10,000. Home and to +bed at eleven.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Sunday</i> morning.—Mr. Pearce called for me to go and spend the day at +Staten Island, at the Pavilion, where, he was stopping. We took a long +drive past the Quarantine, where the doctor boarded the <i>Western</i>. Saw +the Hospitals, Fort George, the Telegraph, and the very handsome +buildings of Mr. Goodue and Mr. Brown, and a magnificent marble building +called "The Sailor's Snug Home:" an Englishman left the money to build +it. And I was then introduced to the Flandens, Mr. Pearce's family, and +Mr. De la Forest, the French consul, a relative. Dined, and returned to +the Astor. Paid my bill, and ready to start up the North River for +Albany in the morning.</p> + + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<a name='VISIT_TO_THE_CANADAS'></a><h2>VISIT TO THE CANADAS; +NIAGARA; +RETURN TO NEW YORK & BOSTON; +AND +VOYAGE HOME.</h2> +<br /> + +<p><i>Monday, September 24, 1843.</i>—We proceeded on board the <i>Empire</i>, Capt. +S.K. Roe, bound to Troy and Albany. Her length is 330 feet, +one-sixteenth of a mile; breadth of beam, 30 feet; extreme width, 62 +feet; burden, 1040 tons; and 600-horse power: only draws 4 ft. 10 in. +water. She is past all description. The Hudson River, the sources of +which are in 44° N. lat., was discovered by Henry Hudson in 1609. We +passed Jersey City and Stevens's Seat, celebrated for American +steam-boats. The mantle of Fulton may be said to have fallen upon him. +We then passed West Hoboken and the Beacon Race-course. Seventeen miles +down we passed Philipsburgh, an old Dutch settlement. At the Tappan Sea +the river is three miles broad. The Sing-Sing state-prison is in view at +Nyack; and the Croton River comes in about two miles from here. Thence +Vrededicker Hook, on the top of which there is a clear crystal lake of +three or four miles circumference. Thence we pass Stony Point. It really +is past description, and would occupy a book to do justice to the +magnificent scenery. Passed Anthony's Nose, Buttermilk Falls, Sugar +Loaf, West Point scenery, and the Capitol Hotel. There is a public +edifice for 250 cadets. The academy was built in 1802. We then pass West +Point Foundry. The highland scenery is sublime. We then pass Newburgh, +and come in sight of the Catskill mountains, the highest (say 3000 feet) +in the States: we did not ascend them, although report says we should +have been repaid. We arrived at Albany at six o'clock. Population of +Albany, 25,000; the capital of New York State.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Tuesday</i> morning.—Looked through the State House—a fine building. The +Congress Hotel we found comfortable. Nothing worth noticing in the town. +We took stage and passed Rensselaer's Estate all the way to Troy. The +cause of dispute is the doubt the farmers have that one of the Dutch +kings did not give and covenant the seestates, which the Van Rensselaer +can prove by parchment: thus the tarring and feathering is done. Troy +population is 40,000: a nice town, with a splendid arsenal, 156 miles +from New York. The Hudson is navigable no farther. We took a chaise to +the Shaker Village of Watervleit, where we found a Shaker settlement of +about 120 people: there are three more in the neighbourhood; in all +about 400. At this place they have 2000 acres of good land, their own: +they grow everything they eat, and are all teetotallers. We entered the +house where the Shaker manufactures are sold. We purchased a few +dollars' worth, and they politely presented my friend and I with a book +each. The old gentleman and lady were very civil, and showed us over the +gardens, where they grow seed for sale, which is sold by Wilcox, London. +They are famed for it all over the world. Pine-apples are growing in +abundance; also water-melons, tomatoes, &c. The place was in beautiful +order, and they appeared happy. They declined to show us the chapel, or +the lady Shakers. They all live in single blessedness, and devoted to a +life of celibacy. They are called Shakers from their peculiar form of +adoration, which consists of a dance, performed by the men and women of +all ages, advancing and retiring in a preposterous sort of trot. All the +possessions and revenues of the settlement are thrown into a common +stock, which is managed by the elders. They are capital farmers, and +good breeders of cattle; honest and just in their transactions; and are +the only class of people, either gentle or simple, that can resist +<i>thievish</i> tendencies in horse-dealing. We returned to Lansingburgh, +where packers of beef live, or rather butchers, where they kill and cut +bullocks up by steam, as many as 20,000 in the season. At Cincinnati in +the West they kill 3000 pigs a-day, or 1,000,000 a-year, in the same +way. Back to Troy to dinner, and took railway to Saratoga Springs. This +is a beautiful place, and the water is most beautiful. From every part +of the states they flock here for three months in the Summer. Population +of residents, 2500. New York drapers open stores here. I tasted the +Congress spring, Colombian, the Putnam, and one other, all of which +tasted very much like German Seltzer water, but very purgative. The +United States Inn was our quarters, kept by Mr. Murvin and Judge Murvin. +They dine in the season 1000 and 1100 a-day, and lodge regularly between +600 and 700. I cannot speak too highly of this house. Mr. Murvin +accompanied us next morning by stage to White Hall, along with Mr. +Blanchard, the proprietor of all the stages on this line—a fine fellow. +We went along the Champlain Canal, which connects the Hudson River and +Lake Champlain, past Glen's Falls. We passed through the region of +Burgoyne's operations, near the place of his surrender; Fort Miller, and +Fort Edward, where Miss M'Crea was murdered; and the tree to which +General Putnam was bound in 1757. This fifty miles was the most +frightful travelling I ever had. Great black bears prowl here. Trees and +planks were frequently laid across the road to fill up holes; and +frequently there would be openings in bridges that a horse could have +gone slap into. After many, as I supposed, hairbreadth escapes, going +two or three feet into holes, &c., we arrived at White Hall—at the +junction of the canal and lake navigation—a place of business before +the revolution. Major Skeen lived here. We took the steam-boat +<i>Saranac</i>, Capt. Lathorp, who politely gave my companion and I a +state-cabin. This lake, for beauty of scenery and historical incident, +is one of the most interesting in America. It is close to Lake George, +which lake, I regret to say, the boats were taken off for the winter. +Lake Champlain was discovered by Samuel Champlain in 1609, and extends +to St. John's, Canada, 120 miles. We passed Ticonderoga, which was an +important military post during the colonial wars. General Abercrombie +was defeated here, with the loss of 1941 men, in 1758. Burgoyne was +here. We then passed Crown Point, where the British Government expended +two millions sterling. We met the Burlington steamer, the most neat and +beautiful boat in the United States: were introduced to Captain R.W. +Sharman, the beloved commander. This is halfway—an important town of +3000 people. It is the seat of the University of Vermont, as we are now +in that state. We then passed Port Kent, Valcour Island, and +Plattsburgh, which is situated at both sides of the Saranac River. It is +a military post. Here there was a great battle both by land and water: +the British land-force was commanded by Sir George Prevost, and the +naval by Commodore Downie; the Americans by land General Macomb, and +water Commodore M'Donough. They fought two hours and twenty minutes, and +the British surrendered. We passed Cumberland-house to the United States +line, which has recently been settled by treaty by Lord Ashburton and +Mr. Webster.</p> + +<p>We here entered Canada, and laid quiet till morning, it being foggy. The +Isle Aux Noix is the first military post of the English. We arrived at +St. John's at seven. This is the extremity of Lake Champlain, which is +here checked by the commencement of the Chambly Rapids to the St. +Lawrence. We visited the British barracks. The 81st Regiment was +stationed here. This fort sustained a siege of six weeks before it +surrendered to General Montgomery in November, 1775. We breakfasted, and +proceeded to Montreal by railway, or rather to Laprairie, a dirty town, +and crossed the St. Lawrence in a steam-boat. Montreal has 40,000 +inhabitants, and is the seat of the Provincial Government. It looks like +an old English town.</p> + +<p>I may observe that the thermometer stands here to-day at 50°, and was a +week ago at 94°. The sudden change has nearly knocked me up. Starved to +death, and no fires, except on the floor. Not much comfort in the +Exchange Hotel; dirty bedrooms and small. Admired the Roman cathedral: +the bell is seven tons weight: it is one of the finest in the world. And +the docks are first-rate, with lots of shipping. All bustle and +business. Walked about the town. Saw the Courthouse, the Parade-ground, +and all the principal buildings. To bed—tired, cold, and weary.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Friday</i> morning, September 27th.—This being mail-day, wrote several +letters to England, and forwarded some newspapers. In the afternoon +called upon several customers, and found out the stores of all. Rickards +and Leeming dined with me. To bed early. Still a bad cold.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Saturday</i> morning.—A regular day of business. Called upon every +customer, and found them most civil and polite. I may mention Mr. +Cuvillier, sen.; Mr. Masson, of Robertson and Co.'s; Mr. Colquhoun, of +Scott, Tyer, and Co.'s; and Mr. Paterson, of Gillespie, Moffat, and +Co.'s—four of the largest houses;—indeed, I cannot speak too highly +of all. Dined, and took steam-vessel, <i>The Queen</i>, to Quebec. A cold, +foggy night. Turned in at seven.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Sunday</i> morning.—Found we had lain-to since one o'clock on account of +the fog. Had a most refreshing sleep, and rose at seven to breakfast. I +could not but admire the St. Lawrence River—the beauty of this noble +stream at all points is enchanting. We passed Richelieu, where the corn +is grown, in part, that is sent into England. We passed the lovely +island of St. Helen's, and over the rapids of St. Mavey, Richelieu, 45 +miles from Montreal. Thence Lake St. Peter, nine miles wide. The St. +Lawrence does not average more than one mile. We then approach the +Richelieu Rapids. The river again becomes interesting. The churches +appear with their tin domes and spires. The rafts, with houses built +upon them, are floating down the river like some moving world. We left +the eastern townships on the right, south of the St. Lawrence, which +join the State of Maine and Vermont on the left, or north. We pass Cape +Health River, thirty miles behind which is Jackcartier, a settlement for +the Irish. At Chasidiere, six miles from Quebec, we pass some great +lumber or wood establishments, where ships load for England. We pass +Daleam's Island and Point Levi, and approach the harbour, where forests +of British shipmasts are seen along the shore, with Orleans Island +a-head. Lumber coves abound here. The grim and powerful batteries, where +all the ingenuity of military skill has been exhausted to produce +another Gibraltar, are seen on the left.</p> + +<p>Two o'clock, P.M.—We sojourned at Payne's Hotel. He is an Uxbridge man, +and most attentive. We took a carriage to Montmorence Falls, and were +much pleased. Straggling, snow-white cottages abound here for miles. +Quebec, lat. 46° 59' 15"; long. 71° 13'.</p> + +<p>I may here observe, that Lower Canada, embracing and including Montreal +to the Gulf, about 400 miles down, has a population of from 600,000 to +700,000: Quebec and its suburbs has about 30,000. The vessels resorting +to this port are about 1000 during the short season of five months. +Quebec is situated on the north-west side of the St. Lawrence, with the +River St. Charles on the north. The volume and depth of the St. Lawrence +is unequalled: it moves with a speed of three or four miles an hour. The +oceanic influence is great. To-day it is 30° below zero, and in the +summer it is sometimes 100° above (Fahrenheit's scale).</p> + +<p>We returned to the Plains of Abraham, where Wolfe fell, and a paltry +monument is erected. This is a fine view. Near this is the cove where +General Wolfe and the British troops crept and scrambled up to the +summit of the heights, which resulted in the defeat of Montcalm in 1759, +and the prostration of French power in Canada.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Monday</i> morning.—Attended to business till one. Then took a drive to +see the Indian village of Lorette. The squaws are not to my mind, +although admired by others. The men get their living by hunting racoons, +&c. They make beautiful work, some of which we bought, and returned. I +had a beautiful drive on the St. Foy Road; quite in the English +style—both houses, fields, gardens, and stables; decidedly the +prettiest drive since I left England. I observed all the windows were +double, and double doors, as the snow remains on the ground for six +months together. To the Exchange and Library, where we had free access. +The inclined plane leading to the citadel is 500 feet. On the top of the +bastion is a covered way and gravel walk, with cannon pointing in every +direction. Here is a fine view of the harbour and surrounding panorama. +Within the citadel are the magazines, armoury, storehouses, &c., and the +messrooms and barracks for the officers, covered with tin. This fortress +combines every invention of science and precaution of art that +consummate skill and ingenuity could suggest, for the protection and +security of the city and garrison; and I should say the D—-l could not +force it. The area of the space and works within is forty acres. The +fortifications are continued all round the upper town, in bastions and +solid masonry, and ramparts from 25 to 30 feet high, and of equal +thickness, bristling with heavy cannon. There is a beautiful esplanade, +or public promenade, which is much frequented. The guard are very +strict, owing to Americans prying about very suspiciously at times.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Tuesday</i> morning.—Finished my business satisfactorily. We visited the +old Parliament-house, now a library and museum. There is also the French +Roman Catholic cathedral in the Marketplace, and the English cathedral. +The monument to Wolfe and Montcalm, the most noble general France ever +had,—</p> + +<div class='poem'><div class='stanza'> +<span class='i1'>Mortem virtus communem;<br /></span> +<span class='i3'>Famam historia;<br /></span> +<span>Monumentum posteritas dedit.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>or—</p> + +<div class='poem'><div class='stanza'> +<span class='i1'>Valour gave a common death;<br /></span> +<span class='i2'>History a common fame;<br /></span> +<span>Posterity a common monument.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>is situated on the west side of Des Carriere's-street, leading from the +Place d'Armes to the glacis of Cape Diamond. In front is a broad walk +overlooking the Castle-gardens, the harbour, and the shore of Orleans. +We had not time to visit the Chaudiere Falls, but took the fine steamer +<i>Montreal</i>, and found ourselves at Montreal at seven on Wednesday +morning, where we sojourned Tetue's Hotel, being sickened of the +Exchange, at as they wanted to rob us. Attended to business all day, and +had Mr. Kidson (Glasgow), Mr. Redpath, Mr. Hall, Mr. Easton, and Mr. A. +M'Farlane to dinner.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Thursday.</i>—At business all day. Rained incessantly. Dined with Mr. +Geddes, who treated me like a prince. He has a nice wife and an amiable +family. Supped and spent the evening with Mr. and Mrs. Leeming, and +appointed him our agent for the retail trade. Home, and to bed, and had +a good night's rest.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Friday.</i>—Rained incessantly. Found the benefit of my new rig-out of +flannel and India-rubber boots. Visited the House of Assembly. The +Speaker, my kind friend Mr. Cuvillier, had given me an order. He has +£1000 a year, and the representatives two dollars a day. The Legislative +Council Chamber is worth seeing. I spent the evening with Mr. Rickards. +I finished up the most satisfactory business I had done in any town +since I left home. Montreal is very flourishing—the metropolis of +Canada—and will double its population, now 50,000, ere long, if Sir +Charles Metcalfe is supported; but the French Canadians, and the Irish, +who abound, led by their priests, are brewing dissatisfaction and +discord. His councillors have just resigned, and a general election is +taking place. May he succeed is my earnest wish!</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Saturday</i>, 6th.—We left Montreal at twelve at noon per stage to +Lachine. We passed the mountains and Sir C. Metcalfe's private house on +the road. We took a steamer (the <i>Chieftain</i>) here to Dickenson's +Landing, thirty-eight miles. We passed on the left, at starting, an +Indian village, called Cachnawago, where the Ojibbeway tribe live. We +saw several in their canoes. On the left, just before we landed, we saw +the Beauharnois Canal, of E.G. Wakefield notoriety. He must either have +been bought, or, if not, he certainly must have been a fool to allow the +canal to be cut on the American side of the St. Lawrence. The Yankees +are thirsting for British blood; and, should they be successful in +Canada, this costly canal goes. We now took stage for sixteen miles, on +a planked road, and with a first-rate team. On the left were the rapids +of the St. Lawrence, or Cascades. I would not have believed had I not +seen a small steamer, drawing about four feet of water, going down at an +awful rate. I expected every minute it would have been dashed to atoms. +How they escape, eight or ten a day, as they go up the canal and return +that day, is astonishing. This is the most incredible sight I have +witnessed. Roebuck, the Member for Bath, was born here. On arriving at +Chateau-du-Luc we got on board a very fine boat, the <i>Highlander</i>, +Captain Stearns—a fine fellow. After proceeding forty-one miles, we +reached the Cornwall Canal, where we were much impeded by seven locks. +This splendid canal, the finest in the world, is one hundred feet wide, +and the locks fifty-two: it is twelve miles long, and about fourteen +feet deep. We now pass from Lower to Upper Canada, direct from east to +west; and about six miles forward we find the State of New York on the +left. About thirty miles farther we call at Ogdensburgh, on the American +side, and Prescott right opposite, where the windmill stands dilapidated +from the skirmish the patriots had here, when the English demolished the +lot. We called at Maitland for wood, and thence to Brockville, and +glided up the Thousand Islands: there really are a thousand islands +between here and Kingston. The foliage on the trees was grand—all +colours. It passed all description; and the trees actually grow out of +the rocks with which all the islands are covered. About ten miles from +Kingston, on one of the islands, lives the notorious Bill Johnston, the +patriot. We arrived at Kingston at four P.M., 216 miles in twenty-eight +hours.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Sunday.</i>—Sojourned at Lambton-house for the sake of its name, and +walked about this very poor town. It is a straggling place. The late +Government-house is neither elegant nor commodious, and is now a +Sunday-school: still it is the only house of any importance in the +neighbourhood. We walked down to a spring of mineral water, resembling +Harrogate, and one spring much stronger—kept by a hearty couple, Bone +and his wife, from Plymouth. They propose getting a large hotel built by +next year, to vie with Saratoga. I wish them success. They were very +kind. Mr. King came and spent the evening with me.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Monday.</i>—Found the tradesmen of the right sort: still their operations +are confined. They bitterly complain, and I think <i>justly</i>, of Lord +Stanley removing the seat of government. Rents are reduced half, and +many houses are standing empty, and are likely to remain so. Many had +built and enlarged their premises, through the assurance of Sir C. +Metcalfe that the Government would not be removed. Perhaps it was not +his fault: his councillors became, or rather wished to become, his +masters; and the removal took place during the illness of Sir C. Bagot. +There is a faction in these provinces who will bring about rebellion and +an outbreak worse than those of 1837 and 1838. I hope I may be deceived. +One thing is certain, the Governor will not get a majority, he having +dissolved his Parliament; and if he continues to govern it must be with +his Council, without representatives. My warm-hearted Herefordshire +friend, Mr. Wilson, drove me to see the gaol, which is well and wisely +governed, and excellently regulated in every respect. The men are +employed as shoemakers, ropemakers, blacksmiths, tailors, carpenters, +and stonecutters, and are building the prison, which is far advanced. +The net profits the last year were £3000, after paying all expenses. The +female prisoners are occupied in needlework. Among them was a beautiful +girl of twenty, who had been there nearly three years. She acted as +bearer of secret despatches for the self-styled patriots on Navy Island +during the Canadian insurrection; sometimes dressed as a girl, and +carrying them in her stays; sometimes attired as a boy, and secreting +them in the lining of her hat. In the latter character she always rode +as a boy. She could govern any horse that any man could ride, and could +drive four in hand with the best whip in those parts. Setting forth on +one of her patriotic missions, she appropriated to herself the first +horse she could lay her hands on; and this offence had brought her where +I saw her. She had a lovely face, though there was a lurking devil in +her bright eye. I dined with my friend, and went on board the steamer +<i>Princess Royal</i>, for Toronto, at eight.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Tuesday</i> morning, six o'clock.—We had arrived at Coburg, a thriving +town on Lake Ontario, where I left letters for the importers of lace. It +is a rising town of 3000 inhabitants, and will soon rank high in Upper +Canada. We passed Port Hope, another rising town; and on the right +Bondhead and Windsor. Lake Ontario is a wonder indeed—216 miles long, +and 90 miles wide—a truly magnificent sheet of water, very rough at +times. We arrived at Stone's Hotel, Toronto, at three o'clock, P.M. The +country round is flat, and bare of scenic interest; but the town itself +is full of life, motion, bustle, and business. The streets are well +paved and lighted with gas—the only place in Canada, except Montreal, +where gas is introduced; the houses large and good; the shops +excellent—many of them may vie with the best shops in thriving +country-towns in England. There are a handsome church, courthouse, and +public offices, and many commodious private residences. It is matter of +regret that here, too, political differences run high. I visited the +Reform Association, where the noted Baldwin was holding forth, and +preaching sedition under pretence of abusing the Governor-General. This +body are spreading discord, by their branches, all through Canada: where +it will end is to be seen. I saw all the importers, and retired to rest +tired, at eleven o'clock.</p> + +<p>Population of Toronto, 20,000.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Wednesday.</i>—This town must rise in commerce, and must stand second to +Montreal. They are active business men, and have lots of back-country to +depend upon—good land, and the farmers of the old Dutch sort. The +women must necessarily wear more clothes than in England, in +consequence of the climate. At two o'clock I took the <i>Eclipse</i> +mail-boat, Captain John Gordon, from Aberdeen; and let me observe, all +these captains of steamers here are fine fellows, not very well +paid—salary not more than £300 a year. We were again on Lake Ontario, +and passed Port Credit, Oakville, and Wellington-square on the right: +healthy towns, but small. The farmers here all reserve a good portion of +wood for fire, and rails and planks for domestic purposes. At the bottom +of the lake we passed through a short canal into Burlington Bay—a +beautiful sheet of water; and arrived at Hamilton, at the terminus of +the navigation.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Thursday</i> morning.—Hamilton is a rising new town with about 6000 +inhabitants. It has many advantages, and must increase rapidly. There is +the store of J. Buchanan and Co., where my friend Mr. Harris is a +partner, as large as 5, Bow-churchyard, and they have about fifty +branches. I found them all busy. I attended a cattle-show which pleased +me much: some very fine cattle competed for the different prizes. There +is a good walk above the town which, commands a fine view of the +distant country. I walked to Dunedern, the mansion of Sir Allan M'Nab, +who made such a formidable stand for the constitution against the rebels +L.J. Papineau, Lafontaine, and Baldwin.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Friday.</i>—Returned by the same steamer to Toronto, and finished up my +business satisfactorily. Took a walk with Mr. Fisken to see the new +college, which is at a stand-still for want of funds, and saw the +Government observatory; and then visited the stone prison, which I did +not like, as there is no work for the prisoners—all lying idly +about—great contrast to Kingston. The town all in confusion nominating +the candidates. In Toronto all the footpaths are planked with wood, +which is very comfortable to walk upon.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Saturday.</i>—Took a steamer at seven, A.M., for Niagara. Arrived at that +town, of 1800 inhabitants, about twelve. A small place, of 3000 +inhabitants, on the left, is Young's-town, on the American side, where +their flag was flying in opposition to our union-jack. There is a fort +at both places. Seven miles farther up the Niagara river, which we were +now in, having left Ontario, we landed at Queenstown, a small place +right opposite Lewistown, U.S. Here Brock's monument was erected and +blown up. We then took rail seven miles, passed Drummondsville +battle-ground, and arrived at Clifton-house.</p> + + +<br><br> +<h4>THE FALLS.</h4> +<br /> + +<p>Oh my God! how I was stunned and unable to comprehend the vastness of +the scene! It was not until I reached Table Rock, and looked upon the +fall of bright green water, that it came upon me in its full might and +majesty. Niagara was at once stamped upon my heart an image of beauty, +to remain there changeless and indelible until it ceases to beat. It is +overpowering to think that the outpourings of lakes Superior, Huron, +Erie, Michigan, and St. Clare, covering a surface of 150,000 square +miles, all roll down this 157 feet fall, with, it is said, sixteen times +the power, deducting one-third for waste, of all the water-power used in +Great Britain. I wandered to and fro, and saw the cataracts from all +points of view. At the Great Horseshoe is decidedly the best view, near +Table Rock: you can see the rapids approaching the verge as if gathering +strength to take the giant leap. When the sun shines the rainbow appears +like molten gold upon the spray; and when the day is gloomy it crumbles +away like snow, or like the front of a great chalk cliff. But always +does the mighty stream appear to die as it comes down. The rise of spray +is great at times. But enough.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Sunday</i> morning, very early, I went down a spiral staircase leading to +the foot of the Horseshoe Fall, where I could have passed 153 feet +behind the falling sheet, but I soon got wet, and returned. Table Rock +projects out many feet above this place, and will come down ere long, as +it is much cracked. I then visited an Episcopal church at +Drummondsville, where the desperate battle was fought—a beautiful +village above the Falls—and heard a good sermon. Returned to +Clifton-house, and ascended to the promenade on the top, which is very +commanding. After dinner, with Mr. Parker, from the Caledonia Springs, +on the Ottaway River—with whom, and his lovely daughter, I had +travelled from Toronto—I started by the ferry-boat for the American +side. This gave me another fine view, as we went close under them. On +landing at the other side, we had to ascend a ladder about 200 feet +high. We ordered a carriage at the Cataract Hotel, and drove to the +whirlpool, four miles down the Rapids. This is an awful place, and +indescribable. We then walked over Bath Island and Iris (or Goat) +Island: here again is a splendid view. We saw Gull Island, where man has +never been; and in the Rapids we saw the hull of the ship Detroit, +fitted up in 1841 for the purpose of being sent over the Falls, but she +went to pieces before she got over the Rapids. It got dark, and +descending those long stairs, and crossing the Niagara River, was not to +my mind. However, we landed safe. Tired, and to bed.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Monday</i> morning.—Visited Mr. Barnett's Museum. Bought some sticks +peculiar to Niagara, and Indian curiosities; and looked into the large +camera obscura, which reproduced every sight at the Falls. Ascertained +from Mr. B. that the Canada Fall is half a mile in circumference, and +the American a quarter of a mile. The depth of the water on the verge of +the Horseshoe Fall is twenty feet. The Falls can be heard from five to +twenty miles, according to wind and atmosphere: it is said they have +been heard at Toronto, forty miles. The quantity of water supposed to go +over the Falls in one hour is 102,093,750 tuns. I must now take my leave +of the Falls with regret, as my friend Mr. Stephenson called, and drove +me to see a Canadian farmer. I was much pleased with his farm and +husbandry, and his domestic fireside. He makes £50 a year by his bees, +and grows almost everything that the family eats. We then drove to the +burning springs in the Niagara River, and over to Chippeway, where Mr. +S. has a saw-mill, of twenty-horse power, that will cut up 11,000 +superficial feet of wood a day. Chippeway has 700 inhabitants. We left +it per steamer, and saw the Rapids to great advantage before they dashed +over the Falls. Here, to the right, is Navy Island, of 304 acres, which +was occupied by Mackenzie, Van Ransselaer, and about 400 Patriots, in +1837-8, for five weeks. Their object was to collect recruits to +revolutionize Canada. On the American shore, on the left, is Schlosser +landing and wharf, where the <i>Caroline</i> was moored when Capt. Drew, the +commander of a squadron of five steamers, cut her out, towed her into +the stream, set fire to her, and sent her over the Falls blazing. The +patriots fled after this. M'Leod was tried by the Americans, and +acquitted. Opposite Navy Island was the place where poor Usher lived +that was shot by two Yankees, who suspected he knew of the <i>Caroline</i> +affair. About thirty miles up the Niagara River we got into Lake Erie, +300 miles long; and on the right (Canada side) is the Welland Canal, +which connects Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, a splendid undertaking by +Government, 32 miles long. Here you can see the mist that is caused, or +spray rising from the chasm of the Falls, at this distance. On the left +is the Erie Canal, which conveys all traffic to and from New York; and a +little farther we arrive in the busy, bustling harbour of Buffalo, +whence ships and steamers sail for all parts of the far West and +Southern states. We drove to the United States Hotel, and to bed.</p> + +<p>Population of Buffalo, 25,000.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Tuesday</i>, the 15th.—This is the queen of the lake cities, admirably +situated at the outlet of Lake Erie, and the head of the Niagara River. +All produce and traffic of every description for the Western country +must go here, to be reshipped from the canal boats. The Erie Canal is +eighty feet wide, and thirteen deep. The streets are broad, and +intersect at right angles. The buildings are in general decent—some are +splendid: the stores recently erected are four and five stories high; +and, strange to say, not a single dry-goods importer in the town. We +drove round the neighbourhood, and examined a poor-house of paupers and +lunatics. I left at four, East for Rochester—population, 23,000: 75 +miles; and Auburn, 78 farther—population, 7000. Visited the New York +State Prison, the largest in the world: they make here, as at Kingston, +every description of article: about 800 convicts at work daily. Lett, +who blew up Brock's monument, is here: I saw him daily. I was really +more pleased here than at any previous sight. The discipline, +cleanliness, and behaviour were astonishing. At twelve they marched to +dinner in Indian files, with a simultaneous lock-step, eyes to their +overseer, head erect. The muffled bell strikes at four, and labour is +suspended. I bought some very good cutlery manufactured by the convicts. +Auburn is two miles from Lake Cuyaga. Left here at two for Syracuse—26 +miles: population, 8000. Thence to Utica—53 miles: population, 14,000. +Broke down on the road, and, detained three hours, was obliged to stop +till four in the morning. Thence for Schenectady—78 miles: population, +5000; and to Albany—16 miles (326 miles). The most tedious journey I +ever had in my life. I had a long talk on the way with a very +intelligent farmer, who told me the best breed of sheep they get from +England are called esquirol or merino; mugs do not answer; and that best +parts of mutton were sold at 3 cents per lb. Cattle, the short-horned, +they imported, and the meat sold at 2-1/2 cents; pork, 4 cents; cheese, +6-1/2 cents; and butter, 11 cents. They are far behind us in horses. In +Long Island and Rhode Island they are improving the breed. Arrived at +Albany at eleven, A.M. Found there were no lace-importers here—all buy +in New York. Saw the State-house—a noble building, where the +representatives and state senators deliberate. Also was shown over the +Government buildings for the management of the state; and took my +departure on board the <i>Knickerbocker</i>, a new steamer, most +magnificently fitted up, 325 feet long, and painted in the most superb +style. We had about 700 passengers, and plenty of berths for all. +Arrived at the Globe Hotel at seven.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Friday</i> morning.—A regular wet day. Got a bad cold. Made several +calls. Visited the American Institution or Exposition in the evening, +where all descriptions of domestic manufacture, implements, &c., are +exposed for inspection and prizes: also cattle, horses, and a ploughing +match: 30,000 people had attended during the week. Such expositions are +very desirable. Spent the evening with Mr. and Mrs. Green, and retired +to rest at eleven.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Saturday</i>, the 19th.—No mail, although fifteen days out. Took leave of +all customers, finished my business, and satisfied myself that there are +not more than six lace-importers in New York whom I would trust, most of +whom we shall have arranged with Mr. S. Pickersgill for our future +journey. Visited Barnham Museum, the owner of Tom Thumb; and found out +he is an English-bred boy, and no American giant. Spent a quiet evening +with Mr. and Mrs. Pearce. Retired to bed early: could not sleep for +reflecting.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Sunday</i> morning.—No mail. Most anxious for my despatches. Dr. Keen +called, and had a walk. Paid a visit to Dr. Dewey's handsome Unitarian +chapel, and heard an excellent sermon. Spent an hour more with Dr. Keen, +and dined with W.C. Pickersgill, Esq., our banker, a most intelligent, +well-informed man. He is the partner of Fielding Brothers, Liverpool, +and married Miss Riggs of Baltimore. Took tea and spent the evening with +A.T. Stewart and his wife, my fellow-passengers out, and first-rate +people; and retired to my bedroom to read the Bible at nine.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Monday.</i>—A most unpleasant journey. Took the Philadelphia rail to +Elizabethtown. Thence to Sommerville, and to Clover-hill per waggon, in +search of Mr. D——'s brother. Arrived at three o'clock, and found he +was from home: waited at a farmhouse till ten, when he arrived, and I +soon found out that the American atmosphere had contaminated him. A +regular thief!—would not pay his brothers (B—— and D——) a cent out +of £300 he owes them. Although I was miserable both in body and mind, I +benefited by what I saw at this humble place. I saw happiness without +ostentation: a good husband and amiable wife. They strove to make me +comfortable. I had mush and milk for supper, lapped myself up in a +blanket, and laid down till five in the morning. Moses M. Bateman drove +me back 16 miles, and I returned to New York (70 miles) after a +fruitless journey.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Tuesday.</i>—Found my letters per <i>Acadia</i>: they gave me much domestic +gratification. Two I had from my wife, and one from Bow Churchyard. +These were in answer to my first despatches. I dined and spent a quiet +evening with Mr. and Mrs. Pearce and Mr. Flanden, and retired to bed +early.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Wednesday.</i>—A great Clay and Frelinghuysen day. A grand procession of +the Whigs of many thousands. Mr. Pearce and I visited the Creton +Aqueduct for supplying New York with water. It is 1826 feet long, and +836 feet wide, and covers 35 acres. It comes down a tunnel of 35 miles, +part of which distance is an aqueduct. We walked to the East River and +Astoria, and returned to meet Mr. Blane, Mr. Brough, Mr. C. Vyse, and +Mr. Palin, whom I had asked to dine with me at five. We had one of Mr. +Blankard's best dinners, and spent a pleasant evening: were joined by +Dr. Keen and Mr. Green. Brough sang us three excellent songs. They left +at ten; and I to bed.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Thursday.</i>—I finally finished my mission with Mr. Pearce most +satisfactorily. Visited Mr. Bach, distiller, Brooklyn—my first time +there. Dined with C. Vyse, at Dalmonico's. Met Mr. Blane, Palin, and +Bund. A most sumptuous dinner: would cost at least 50 dollars. Left at +nine, and spent my last evening at New York with Mr. and Mrs. Pearce. +Paid my bill at the Globe, 49 dollars, 75 cents for the week; and to +bed. Could not sleep: a restless, disagreeable night.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Friday.</i>—Started at eight per Long Island Rail-way to Boston, +Brooklyn, and Greenport, ninety-five miles; per rail thence to +Stonington, thirty-two miles; per steamer in the Bay Sounds thence to +Providence—a town of 15,000 inhabitants, where H.W. Doe is confined; +and to Boston, forty-four miles: in all 218 in ten hours—the quickest +travelling I have had; and proceeded to the Tremont-house. Read the +English papers; and saw the account of my old friend T. Sidney being +made sheriff and alderman in the same week, with the likelihood of his +being Sir Thomas before I return. "Some men are born great, and others +have greatness thrust upon them."</p> + +<p>Population of Boston, 50,000.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Saturday</i> morning.—I visited the Custom-house, by previous +arrangement, to clear some pattern-cards. I could not help being +strongly impressed with the contrast their Custom-house presented, when +compared with some I could mention, and the attention, politeness, and +good-humour with which its officers discharged their duties. They saw +the force of my arguments at once, and let me have the books free of +duty; and at their particular request I promised the Custom-house +examiners one. They offered me any amount of money for it, which I +declined to take. They are building a new Custom-house upon a large +scale. The air here is very piercing—easterly winds prevail a great +deal. The houses are bright, and have a gay appearance, the signboards +are painted in such gaudy colours; the gilded letters are so very +golden; the bricks so very red; the blinds and area-railings so very +green; the plates upon the street-doors so marvellously bright and +twinkling—and all so slight and unsubstantial in appearance. The +suburbs are, if possible, more unsubstantial-looking than the city. The +city is a beautiful one, and cannot fail to impress all strangers very +favourably. The State-house is built upon the summit of a hill, which +rises gradually by a steep ascent almost from the water's edge—a fine +building, where all government operations are carried on, as at Albany, +and elsewhere in the different states. From the top there is a charming +panoramic view of the whole town and neighbourhood. In front is a green +inclosure called the Common, a great benefit to the town. The docks are +not very good: a great many ships lay over at East Boston. The Exchange +is a very fine building, where the merchants congregate; but in fair +weather a great deal of business is done in the streets. I wrote about +thirty circulars to St. John's and Halifax, instead of going myself; and +retired to rest at eleven.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Sunday</i> morning, October 27th.—Attended the Trinity church, and heard +a most impressive sermon by Bishop Eastburn, Ephesians iv. 17: "This I +say therefore, and testify in the Lord, that ye henceforth walk not as +other Gentiles walk, in the vanity of their minds." A wet, nasty day; +read the Bible till dinner-time; thence to St. Paul's church to hear Dr. +Vinton: he spoke so Yankee-like, I could not understand him at the +distance I was. Very handsome churches they have here. Took a long walk +all round the city; admired the neat houses they are building in all +directions; and felt that the State of Massachusetts stood the highest +in my estimation of any of the states I had yet visited. Spent the +evening with Mr. Schofield, of Henry and Co.'s, Manchester—the most +decided man of business I had met with for many a long day. It had been +previously arranged that he should carry our patterns through all the +states and Canada.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Monday</i> morning.—Took a regular turn through amongst the importers of +lace, and was thunderstruck at the enormous quantity of +highly-respectable importers, certainly far exceeding New York and +Philadelphia. They are first-rate business men: <i>no auctions</i>, which I +detest: no overstocks, which will be the ruin of New York; well +assorted, and in good condition. In fact, I felt as if I had been in an +English town, for the men of business are more like English than +Americans. They nearly all import—at least thirty first-rate men +import—our goods. I experienced a great deal of civility from Mr. W. +Appleton, and Mr. Ward, Barings' agent; and altogether was much pleased +with my reception. Had not Mr. Schofield undertaken to receive our +orders, I could have done a very large trade. I may here observe, the +Tremont is one of the best houses in the states in every respect. +Buckwheat cakes to breakfast; and they use the incredibly large quantity +of 45 tons of butter per year.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Tuesday</i> morning, the 29th.—A regular wet day; rained incessantly. +Called upon all the lace-importers, and found them thorough men of +business—very prompt: came to an understanding with nearly all that +they would order through Mr. Schofield, of Henry and Co.'s, Manchester.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Wednesday</i> morning.—Received my despatches per <i>Great Western</i>, and +proceeded to Lowell per rail. I forget whether I described an American +railroad before. There are no first and second class carriages, as with +us, but gentlemen's cars and ladies' cars; and, as a black man never +travels with a white one, there is a negro car. Each car holds from +thirty to fifty. There is a stove blazing hot. Except where a +branch-road joins the main one, there is seldom more than one track of +rails. They rush across the turnpike-road, where there is no gate, no +policeman, no signal. There is painted up, "When the bell rings, look +out for the locomotive." I was met at Lowell by my fellow-passenger in +the <i>Western</i>, Royal Southwick, intimately connected with the factories +there. The first we visited was a cotton cloth and drill factory, where +they make about 50,000 yards per day, all by water-power (the +Merrimack), and have a couple of hundred girls employed. The good order +and clean appearance of both factory and girls contrasted greatly with +both in Lancashire. There are twenty-five mills here. We then visited a +carpet manufactory, by machinery that reduces labour 75 per cent., and +where some of the many girls employed make a dollar a-day. There is no +manufactory like this in the world: there is a patent taken out by E.B. +Bigelow to protect the carpet power-loom manufactory. They must be +making money fast here. We then visited a cloth manufactory upon a large +scale, where they employ about 800 hands; and the excellency of the +cloth surprized me. They will have no occasion for English cloths much +longer. All by water-power. The last place was a large cylinder +print-works, where they produce some first-rate goods, and, I think, as +cheap as ours. There are several factories in Lowell, each of which they +call a corporation, as they are chartered. They employ about 8000 girls, +who make 3-1/2 dollars per week, or 14 s. Their neat, clean, and healthy +appearance pleased me much: they are well dressed; and, meeting them +out, you would take them to be of a higher grade. They pay 1-1/2 dollar +per week for lodgings, which are situated near, and belong to the +different corporations. They are strictly moral and virtuous, and all +contribute to a monthly publication called "The Lowell Offering," well +worth reading. I saw the principal editors (young ladies), and ordered +it for next year. The rooms in which they work are well arranged; and +green plants are trained to shade the glass windows. The laws of the +state forbid their working more than nine months in the year, and +require that they shall be educated during the other three. There is a +hospital or boarding-house for the sick, at 3 dollars per week: they do +not often require its assistance, for in 1841 they had 100,000 dollars +in the savings-bank. We visited the Mechanics' Reading-room—a large +building, with papers from all parts.</p> + +<p>The population of Lowell is 25,000; one of the most rising towns in the +states. There are also Fall River, Taunton, Manchester, Great Falls, +Dover, New Hampshire—all rising manufacturing places. In New England +state there is no coal, which is a great drawback. I returned to Boston, +and spent the evening with some friends.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Thursday.</i>—Mr. Hanson drove me to Cambridge, to see the Universities. +This is a clean, well-built town, with 8000 or 9000 inhabitants. The +expense of education is 300 dollars; and if that cannot be paid, the +students are educated free, subject to instructing others a little. +There is no barrier here to the poorest man's son becoming the +President, as free-schools abound. We then drove to Mount Auburn, a +cemetery delightfully situated about five miles from Boston. They pay +4000 dollars for a lot for a family burying-place. Here some eminent men +are interred. There are some beautiful walks over this one-hundred-acres +plot of ground. We then drove round by Charlestown, a place of 10,000 +inhabitants, where the Bostonians reside, well-situated; and so on to +Bunker-hill Monument, where the battle was fought in 1775, when General +James Warren fell: it is a very substantial mark of Jonathan conquering +John. Bull. I then visited the Massachusetts State-house: the +Congress-house and Representatives are very commodious. I ascended the +top, which gives a most commanding view of the whole city: it was very +clear, and the view was most extensive. Like New York, it is upon an +island, surrounded (except a few yards) with the River Charles and the +Ocean. Home to dinner, and gave my friends T. Cochrane and Mr. Schofield +two bottles of champagne, it being my last day in the States. We then +proceeded to Perkins's Institution for the Blind, managed by my +fellow-passenger, Dr. Howe. We saw the gifted Laura Bridgman, whose +biography I give elsewhere.<a name='FNanchor_A_1'></a><a href='#Footnote_A_1'><sup>[A]</sup></a> She is an interesting-looking girl, +fifteen years old, deaf, dumb, blind, and no smell: still Providence +makes her contented and happy: she can read and write, and understand +geography with her fingers, and is blessed with the knowledge of Divine +grace. It was truly interesting and gratifying to see the blind girls +read and write and work, all so clean and neat in their persons, and +apparently happy. Also the boys are instructed in a similar way, and, +when ready, put out to some trade; and, if no master can be found, they +instruct them in the institution to make mattresses, chair-bottoms, &c., +several of whom I saw working. We then visited South Boston State +Hospital for the Insane, at the head of which is Dr. Stedman, who +conducts it admirably on the enlightened principles of conciliation and +kindness, and evinces a confidence and apparent trust even in mad +people. Each ward in this institution is shaped like a long gallery or +hall; and, as we walked along, the patients flocked round us +unrestrained, with all sorts of stories. I had ten minutes' talk with an +elderly lady, who had a great many scraps of finery, of gauze, &c., +which gave her a strange appearance: she fancied she was the hostess of +the mansion. Another I talked to said she was Queen of the States. +Another poor fellow, gentlemanly in appearance, said it was a hard run +between him and Prince Albert who should have the Queen of England. He +had written and received several letters from her. I discovered they had +all some weak point, and the doctor gave me the cue. I felt quite at +ease amongst them: nearly all are unrestrained; and, strange to say, +they never talk to each other, or molest each other in any way. We then +visited the House of Correction for the State, where about three-fourths +of the expenses are paid by the prisoners' industry. It is a +well-managed prison, with strict discipline: no conversation allowed, +and all kept at work, both men and women: the latter are very bad to +manage. Comfort and cleanliness are very apparent. We then visited the +Orphan Asylum and House of Reformation for young offenders, and for +neglected and indigent boys who have committed no crimes, but perhaps +soon would if they were not taken from the hungry streets and sent +here: this is called the Boylston School. There is the House of +Industry for old, helpless paupers: these words are painted on the +walls—"Self-government, quietude, and peace are blessings." This was a +clean, neat place, with a plant or two on the window-sill, a row of +crockery upon the shelf, or small display of coloured prints upon the +whitewashed wall. We have no such sights in our unions.</p> + +<p>I left South Boston much gratified with all I had seen; but pleasure +must have an alloy. My companion drove up against a cart in the dark, +broke both shafts, the horse kicked the vehicle all to pieces, and how +we escaped is wonderful. I got my knee bruised, and that was all. I +retired to rest, grateful to Providence for my narrow escape.</p> +<br /> + +<a name='Footnote_A_1'></a><a href='#FNanchor_A_1'>[A]</a><div class='note'><p> See Appendix.</p></div> + +<p><i>Friday, and last day in America.</i>—Saw the famed Dr. Channing's +Unitarian chapel; and witnessed such a demonstration the previous night, +with at least 10,000 boys, non-electors, parading the streets with +torches, crying "Clay, of Ashland, near Lexington, Kentucky!" I really +feel that I am leaving Boston with regret: I never was more pleased with +any town, both in a business and social point of view. I have many kind +and intelligent friends that I shall leave with regret. The Bostonians +are more English in idea, smart to a degree, and well situated for +commerce. The town and suburbs abound with charitable institutions of +every description; and every article of living is half the price it is +in England. I visited Famenil Hall, the oldest building in the town, and +famed in American history.</p> + +<p>In conclusion, my feelings prompt me to acknowledge, with a deep sense +of gratitude to Messrs. Overend and Gurney, the very sympathetic and +high-character letter they gave me to Messrs. Prime, Ward, and King, of +New York, as I had taken the journey to recruit my health. From that +letter emanated others to every town I visited, which at once placed me +in communication with the most intelligent of men. I am further bound to +add, contrary to the general opinion formed in England, that I met with +the most open, frank, communicative people I ever came in contact with; +and further I am bound to add, I frequently had occasion to blush for my +own ignorance, both about Europe and America. To use a vulgar +expression, they are a wide-awake people. Their cheap publications, +their thirst for knowledge, and their naturally quick perceptions, place +them above the level in society. That America must rise, and become a +great country, is my earnest wish and belief. I do not like to +individualize, but I feel an inward gratitude to many kind and dear +friends whom T made in my short sojourn, whose study it was to make me +happy, and my journey a pleasing one.</p> + +<p>At one o'clock I paid my bill, and proceeded to East Boston, on board +the <i>Acadia</i>; and set sail exactly at two o'clock, P.M., for England, +with 25 passengers.</p> + +<p>On leaving the harbour, on the right, we passed several small islands, +and the Liverpool light and Dorchester heights, where the Orphan Asylum +is situated on a lofty eminence. On the left we passed Lynn and Salem, +and steamed it along in good style during the night.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Saturday</i> morning, the <i>2nd November</i>.—Spoke the <i>Hibernia</i> at eight +o'clock, A.M.: about 130 passengers, all on deck, with whom we exchanged +cheers as she passed. I was struck with the warlike appearance she had: +whether it has been contemplated or not, I discovered that all these +mailsteamers are admirably adapted for war: all they require are +port-holes for cannon. They are made to Admiralty order, and cost +£60,000 each. At six P.M. we passed the Devil's Limb, a rock close by +Seal Island, where the <i>Colombia</i> was lost. The coast is dangerous +between Boston and Halifax. The captain was up both nights.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Sunday</i> morning, at seven.—I was aroused by the discharge of a brace +of cannon, and on coming on deck I found we were in Halifax harbour. +Population of this place is 20,000. Governed by Lord Falkland. Nova +Scotia is about 300 miles in circumference. Staple of the town, fish: I +should have thought dogs, for I saw some hundreds. It is a mean-looking +town: nearly all wood houses: a very good fort and government-house. St. +John's, New Brunswick, is 250 miles from here: population, 35,000: +governed by Sir W. Colebrooke: staple, timber and deals, and +whale-fishing. I intended visiting St. John's, but had not time. It was +fortunate, as I should have been left behind. Owing to some breakdown, +the mail did not arrive in Halifax in time for us: neither did the +Quebec mail, by the Gulf of St. Lawrence, from Quebec, <i>viâ</i> Picton, 120 +miles from Halifax, arrive; and, because Captain Harrison would not wait +for these mails, the Governor would not allow him the Halifax: so we +started at half-past ten, leaving them all behind. At Halifax I made the +acquaintance of Mr. Howe, late of the Executive Council, and Collector +of Excise, which he resigned: salary, £700 a year. He is now editor of +the Nova Scotia newspaper. I shall not forget his politeness, although +he is a red-hot Radical. They send whalers from Halifax to the South +Seas. Opposite Halifax is Dartmouth, a town of 15,000 inhabitants, +whence they send plaster and rum to the States. We passed St. George's +Island, a battery, and the Thumb Cap, where the <i>Tribune</i> was lost. We +also passed the Curzon and Devil's Island Beacon, and were much +gratified by passing a fleet of men-of-war, the largest of which, the +<i>Illustrious</i>, 74 guns, 700 hands, was in full sail, with a band of +music playing and singing "<i>Home, sweet home</i>," which went to my very +soul. They were bound for Bermuda, West India Islands. Their Admiral, +Sir C. Adam, was on board, with sixteen officers. At five P.M. we were +out of sight of land, steaming it along at ten knots.</p> + +<br /> + +<h4>PASSAGE HOME PER ACADIA.</h4> +<br /> + +<p>Nov. 1st.—Light westerly winds, with fine clear weather. All sails set.</p> + +<p>Lat. 42° 57'; Long. 66° 57' 87".</p> +<br /> + +<p>2nd.—Westerly winds, steady, with clear weather, and smooth water. +Passed the <i>Hibernia</i> at eight A.M., from Liverpool, bound to Boston. At +four saw Seal Island, bearing north: distance about seven miles. At +daylight made Halifax harbour.</p> + +<p>Lat. 42° 20'; Long. 71° 4'.</p> +<br /> + +<p>3rd.—At seven landed the mails. At eleven cast off from the wharf, and +proceeded to sea. Light winds, westerly, with smooth water. All sails +set.</p> + +<p>394 miles. Lat. 44° 39-1/2'; Long. 62° 33-3/4'.</p> +<br /> + +<p>4th.—Winds from S.W. to N.W., light, with hazy weather, and small rain.</p> + +<p>231 miles. Lat. 45° 17'; Long. 58° 0'.</p> +<br /> + +<p>5th.—Wind N.E., light, with fine clear weather, and smooth water. At +eleven Cape Race, 10 miles distance, bearing to the east. At four +exchanged signals with the brig <i>Mary and Martha</i>. Wind standing to the +southward.</p> + +<p>241 miles. Lat. 46° 30'; Long. 52° 47'.</p> +<br /> + +<p>6th.—Strong easterly gales, with dark cloudy weather, and a heavy sea +running.</p> + +<p>202 miles. Lat. 47° 10'; Long. 47° 56'.</p> +<br /> + +<p>7th.—Moderate breeze, and clear weather: wind easterly, with a head +sea.</p> + +<p>178 miles. Lat. 48° 12'; Long. 44° 17'.</p> +<br /> + +<p>8th.—Strong S.E. gales: dark gloomy weather, and heavy N.E. swell.</p> + +<p>214 miles. Lat. 49° 0'; Long. 39° 0'.</p> +<br /> + +<p>9th.—Winds strong N.E. breezes, with drizzly rains: dark cloudy +weather: heavy northerly swell running.</p> + +<p>238 miles. Lat. 50° 19'; Long. 33° 12'.</p> +<br /> + +<p>10th, <i>Sunday</i>.—Light baffling winds, and clear weather, with a heavy +northerly swell or sea. Performed Divine service at eleven A.M. This +put me in mind of the pilot's song—</p> + +<div class='poem'><div class='stanza'> +<span>"Fear not, but trust in Providence,<br /></span> +<span class='i1'>Wherever you may be."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>256 miles. Lat. 50° 31'; Long. 26° 30'.</p> +<br /> + +<p>11th.—Strong southerly winds, with dark hazy weather, and a heavy sea +running. Saw a vessel in distress. Hove-to, and found she was the <i>John +and Mary</i> of Dublin, a perfect wreck, and deserted, the sea running over +her, and for some minutes out of sight, except the masts.</p> + +<p>244 miles. Lat. 50° 30'; Long. 20° 10'.</p> +<br /> + +<p>12th.—Strong breezes from the west: dark cloudy weather and rain, and +heavy sea running.</p> + +<p>280 miles. Lat. 50° 54'; Long. 12° 44'.</p> +<br /> + +<p>13th.—Strong breezes: thick hazy weather, with rain. At six A.M. made +the land (Irish). Kinsale Light bearing North: distance, 10 miles. Noon, +fine clear weather, with heavy southerly swell. Waterford Harbour Light +bearing north: distance, 12 miles. At four P.M. spoke the <i>Alexander +Grant</i>, from Quebec. Passed the <i>Coningsby</i> light-ship and Saltee +Islands. Thence Cansore Point, county of Wexford, and Holyhead at +eleven.</p> + +<p>243 miles.</p> +<br /> + +<p>14th.—At seven A.M. arrived in Liverpool, and made the town echo with +our cannon.</p> + +<p>180 miles.</p> + + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<a name='APPENDICES'></a><h2>APPENDICES.</h2> +<br /> +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<a name='I'></a><h2>I.</h2> + +<h2>BIOGRAPHY OF LAURA BRIDGMAN.</h2> +<br /> + +<p>She was born in Hanover, New Hampshire, on the 21st December, 1829. She +is described as having been a very spritely and pretty infant, with +bright blue eyes. She was, however, so puny and feeble until she was a +year and a half old, that her parents hardly hoped to rear her. She was +subject to severe fits, which seemed to rack her frame almost beyond her +power of endurance, and life was held by the feeblest tenure; but when a +year and a half old she seemed to rally, the dangerous symptoms +subsided, and at twenty months old she was perfectly well. Then her +mental powers, hitherto stinted in their growth, rapidly developed +themselves; and during the four months of health which she enjoyed she +appears (making due allowance for a fond mother's account) to have +displayed a considerable degree of intelligence. But suddenly she +sickened again: her disease raged with great violence during five weeks, +when her eyes and ears were inflamed, suppurated, and their contents +were discharged. But, though sight and hearing were gone for ever, the +poor child's sufferings were not ended. The fever raged during seven +weeks: for five months she was kept in bed in a darkened room. It was a +year before she could walk unsupported, and two years before she could +sit up all day. It was now observed that her sense of smell was almost +entirely destroyed, and consequently that her taste was much blunted.</p> + +<p>It was not until four years of age that the poor child's bodily health +seemed restored, and she was able to enter upon her apprenticeship of +life and the world. But what a situation was hers! The darkness and the +silence of the tomb were around her;—no mother's smile called forth her +answering smile; no father's voice taught her to imitate his sounds: +brothers and sisters were but forms of matter which resisted not her +touch, but which differed not from the furniture of the house save in +warmth and in the power of locomotion, and not even in these respects +from the dog and the cat.</p> + +<p>But the immortal spirit which had been implanted within her could not +die, nor be maimed, nor mutilated; and, though most of its avenues of +communication with the world were cut off, it began to manifest itself +through the others. As soon, as she could walk she began to explore the +room, and then the house. She became familiar with the form, density, +weight, and heat of every article she could lay her hands upon. She +followed her mother, and felt her hands and arms as she was occupied +about the house; and her disposition to imitate led her to do everything +herself. She even learned to sew a little, and knit. The reader need +scarcely be told, however, that the opportunities of communicating with +her were very, very limited, and that the moral effects of her wretched +state soon began to appear. Those who cannot be enlightened by reason +can only be controlled by force; and this, coupled with her great +privations, must soon have reduced her to a worse condition than that of +the beasts that perish, but for timely and unhoped-for aid. At this time +I was so fortunate as to hear of the child, and immediately hastened to +Hanover to see her. I found her with a well-formed figure, a +strongly-marked, nervous-sanguine temperament, a large and +beautifully-shaped head, and the whole system in healthy action. The +parents were easily induced to consent to her coming to Boston; and on +the 4th October, 1837, they brought her to the Institution. For a while +she was much bewildered; and after waiting about two weeks, until she +became acquainted with her new locality and somewhat familiar with the +inmates, the attempt was made to give her knowledge of arbitrary signs, +by which she could interchange thoughts with others. There was one of +two ways to be adopted—either to go on to build up a language of signs +on the basis of the natural language which she had already commenced +herself, or to teach her the purely arbitrary language in common use: +that is, to give her a sign for every individual thing, or to give her a +knowledge of letters, by combination of which she might express her idea +of the existence, and the mode and condition of existence, of anything. +The former would have been easy, but very ineffectual: the latter seemed +very difficult, but, if accomplished, very effectual. I determined, +therefore, to try the latter.</p> + +<p>The first experiments were made by taking articles in common use, such +as knives, forks, spoons, keys, &c., and pasting upon them labels with +their names printed in raised letters. These she felt very carefully, +and soon, of course, distinguished that the crooked lines <i>spoon</i> +differed as much from the crooked lines <i>key</i> as the spoon differed from +the key in form. Then small detached labels, with the same words printed +upon them, were put into her hands, and she soon observed that they were +similar to the ones pasted on the articles. She showed her perception +of this similarity by laying the label <i>key</i> upon the key, and the label +<i>spoon</i> upon the spoon. She was encouraged here by the natural sign of +approbation—patting on the head. The same process was then repeated +with all the articles she could handle, and she very easily learned to +place the proper labels upon them. It was evident, however, that the +only intellectual exercise was that of imitation and memory. She +recollected that the label <i>book</i> was placed upon a book; and she +repeated the process first from imitation, next from memory, with only +the motive of love of approbation, but apparently without the +intellectual perception of any relation between the things. After a +while, instead of labels, the individual letters were given to her on +detached bits of paper: they were arranged, side by side so as to spell +<i>book, key</i>, &c.; then they were mixed up in a heap, and a sign was made +for her to arrange them herself, so as to express the words <i>book, key</i>, +&c., and she did so. Hitherto the process had been mechanical, and the +success about as great as teaching a very knowing dog a variety of +tricks. The poor child had sat in mute amazement, and patiently imitated +everything her teacher did; but now the truth began to flash upon +her—her intellect began to work. She perceived that here was a way by +which she could herself make up a sign of anything that was in her own +mind, and show it to another mind; and at once her countenance lighted +up with a human expression: it was no longer a dog or parrot: it was an +immortal spirit eagerly seizing upon a new link of union with other +spirits! I could almost fix upon the moment when this truth dawned upon +her mind. I saw that the great obstacle was overcome, and that +henceforward nothing but plain and straightforward efforts were to be +used. The next step was to procure a set of metal types, with the +different letters of the alphabet cast upon their ends: also a board in +which were square holes, into which holes she could set the types, so +that the letters on their ends could alone be felt above the surface. +She was exercised for several weeks in this way; and then the important +step was taken of teaching her how to represent the different letters by +the position of her fingers, instead of the cumbrous apparatus of the +board and types. This was the period, about three months after she had +commenced, that the first report of her case was made, in which it is +stated "that she has just learned the manual alphabet as used by the +deaf mutes; and it is a subject of delight and wonder to see how +rapidly, correctly, and eagerly she goes on her with labours." At the +end of the year a second report of her case was made, from which the +following is an extract:—"It has been ascertained, beyond the +possibility of doubt, that she cannot see a ray of light—cannot hear +the least sound—and never exercises her sense of smell, if she have +any. Of beautiful sights, and sweet sounds, and pleasant odours she has +no conception: nevertheless, she seems as happy and as playful as a bird +or a lamb; and the employment of her intellectual faculties, or the +acquirement of a new idea, gives her a vivid pleasure, which is plainly +marked in her expressive features."</p> + +<p>She chooses for her friends and companions those children who are +intelligent, and can talk best with her; and she evidently dislikes to +be with those who are deficient in intellect, unless, indeed, she can +make them serve her purposes, which she is evidently inclined to do. She +takes advantage of them, and makes them wait upon her in a manner which +she knows she could not exact from others; and in various ways she shows +her Saxon blood.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Such are a few fragments from the simple, but most interesting and +instructive, history of Laura Bridgman. The name of her great benefactor +and friend who writes it is Dr. Howe. There are not many persons, I hope +and believe, who, after reading these passages, can ever hear that name +with indifference.</p> + + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<a name='II'></a><h2>II.</h2> + +<h2>MEMORANDA.</h2> +<br /> + +<p>Indian corn—58 lbs. to the bushel: price, 49 c.</p> +<br /> + +<p>Columbus discovered America in 1492.</p> +<br /> + +<p>Mr. Rathbourn projected the City of the Falls, and built Buffalo; and +was confined afterwards seven years for forgery.</p> +<br /> + +<p>Sir C. Metcalfe, Governor of Canada.<br> +Lord Falkland, " " Nova Scotia.<br> +Sir W. Colebrooke, " " New Brunswick.<br> +Sir John Harvey, " " Newfoundland.<br> +Captain Fitzroy, " " Prince Edward Isld.</p> +<br /> + +<p><i>Latitude</i> is North and South: <i>Longitude</i> East and West.</p> +<br /> + +<p>A <i>Geographical Mile</i> is one-seventh more than a statute mile.</p> +<br /> + +<p>A <i>Knot</i> is a geographical mile.</p> +<br /> + +Price of Negroes, 8 dollars to 1200 dollars.<br /> +<span style='margin-left: 3.5em;'>Females, 4 dollars to 600 dollars.</span><br /> +<br /> + +<p>Negroes—Mulattoes—Quadroon—Creole—European—Georgian (Asia).</p> +<br /> + +Tobacco is grown at—<br /> +<span style='margin-left: 4em;'>New Orleans.</span><br /> +<span style='margin-left: 4em;'>Petersburg }</span><br /> +<span style='margin-left: 4em;'>Richmond } Virginia.</span><br /> +<span style='margin-left: 4em;'>Maryland and Kentucky.</span><br /> +<br /><br /> + +<p>Lower and Upper Canada were united three years ago into one province. +There are also St. John's, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, +Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia.</p> +<br /> + +<p>In Lower Canada eight-tenths are French, and in Upper Canada about +equal.</p> +<br /> + +<p>500 bales of cotton are said to be used in New York yearly for ladies' +fronts and bustles.</p> +<br /> + +<p>Soldiers in the States enlist for five years only.</p> +<br /> + +<p>G.M. weighed to-day, October 9, 149 lbs., or 10 st. 9 lbs.</p> +<br /> + +<p>Lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, and Superior contain half the fresh water in +the world.</p> +<br /> + +<p>Taxes on good land, say 50 dollars per acre, are as follows: State-tax, +15 cents per acre; county, 15 c.; road, 7 c. to 15 c.; horse, 30 c,. +cow, 15 c. each; servant-man, 1 d. 50 c.; waggon, 2 d. 50 c.; dog, 50 c. +If sheep are killed the State pays.</p> +<br /> + +<p>Representatives are for four years; get 4 dollars per day: State +Senators for one year, 6 d.: Representatives to Congress, four years, +8 d.: Congressional Senators, four years, 12 d.: Governor of a State, +two years, 5000 d. a year: has power of pardoning criminals, calling +military out, &c.; Lieut.-Governor, two years, 2500 d. a year: he is +Chairman of State Senators. Each State has a state attorney, secretary +of state, treasurer, &c.</p> +<br /> + +<table summary="Duties on Wheat Flour"> + <tr> + <td colspan="2" align="center">DUTIES.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Barrel of wheat flour into Canada </td> + <td>2 s. for 196 lbs.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Thence into England</td> + <td>7-1/2 d. for do.</td> + </tr> +</table> +<br /><br /> + +Price of Wheat in the States 3 d. 75 c. per 60 lbs.<br /> +<span style='margin-left: 3.5em;'>Barley 3 d. 75 c. "</span><br /> +<span style='margin-left: 3.5em;'>Oats 3 d. 75 c. "</span><br /> + +<p>Wheat from Canada pays 3 s. per qr. (stationary).</p> + +<table summary="Price of Grain in Canada and U.S."> + <tr> + <td colspan="3" align="center">Price in<br>Kingston,<br>Upp. Can.</td> + <td colspan="2"> </td> + <td align="center"><br>Price in<br>Canada.</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="center"><br>Price in<br>U.S.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td align="right">s.</td> + <td> d.</td> + <td colspan="2"> </td> + <td align="center">s. d.</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="center">s. d.</td> + </tr> + <tr> +<td> </td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td> 6</td> + <td>Wheat,</td> + <td>60 lbs. or 32 qts.</td> + <td align="center">3 9</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="center">3 0</td> + </tr> + <tr> +<td> </td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td> 6</td> + <td>Barley,</td> + <td>48 lbs. or 32 qts.</td> + <td align="center">3 9</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="center">3 0</td> + </tr> + <tr> +<td> </td> + <td align="right">0</td> + <td> 10-1/2</td> + <td>Oats,</td> + <td>36 lbs. or 32 qts.</td> + <td align="center">3 9</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="center">3 0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="3"> </td> + <td>Rye,</td> + <td>56 lbs. or 32 qts.</td> + <td align="center">2 9</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="center">2 3</td> + </tr> +</table> +<br><br> +<p>Flour, 196 lbs., 15 s., 18 s. 9 d., 2 1 s. 3 d., Montreal: 17 s., +States.</p> +<br /> + +<p>A Cord of Wood is eight feet long, four wide, and four high, or 128 +square feet: worth at Brockville, 1 d.; at Montreal, 3 d.</p> + + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<a name='III'></a><h2>III.</h2> + +<h2>POPULATION OF THE STATES.</h2> +<div class="subhead"> +<table width="70%" summary="Population of the United States"> + <tr> + <td colspan="3" align="center">EASTERN STATES.</td> + </tr> + <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>Free, or New England.</i></td> + </tr> + <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr> + <td width="25%"> </td> + <td align="right">Number of<br>Counties. </td> + <td align="right"><br>Population.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Maine</td> + <td align="right">13</td> + <td align="right">501,793</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>New Hampshire</td> + <td align="right">8</td> + <td align="right">284,547</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Vermont</td> + <td align="right">14</td> + <td align="right">291,948</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Massachusetts</td> + <td align="right">14</td> + <td align="right">737,699</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Rhode Island</td> + <td align="right">5</td> + <td align="right">108,830</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Connecticut</td> + <td align="right">8</td> + <td align="right">309,978</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>North, New York</td> + <td align="right">58</td> + <td align="right">2,428,921</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>New Jersey</td> + <td align="right">18</td> + <td align="right">373,306</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Pennsylvania</td> + <td align="right">54</td> + <td align="right">1,724,033</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Delaware</td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="right">780,085</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Michigan</td> + <td align="right">32</td> + <td align="right">212,267</td> + <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="3" align="center">WESTERN STATES.</td> + </tr> + <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr> + <td>Ohio</td> + <td align="right">79</td> + <td align="right">1,519,467</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Indiana</td> + <td align="right">87</td> + <td align="right">686,866</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Illinois</td> + <td align="right">87</td> + <td align="right">476,183</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Missouri</td> + <td align="right">62</td> + <td align="right">383,702</td> + </tr> + <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="3" align="center">SOUTHERN SLAVE STATES.</td> + </tr> + <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr> + <td>Maryland</td> + <td align="right">20</td> + <td align="right">469,232</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Virginia</td> + <td align="right">119</td> + <td align="right">1,239,797</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>North Carolina</td> + <td align="right">68</td> + <td align="right">753,419</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>South Carolina</td> + <td align="right">29</td> + <td align="right">594,398</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Kentucky (S.W.)</td> + <td align="right">90</td> + <td align="right">779,828</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Tennessee</td> + <td align="right">72</td> + <td align="right">829,210</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Georgia</td> + <td align="right">83</td> + <td align="right">691,392</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Alabama</td> + <td align="right">79</td> + <td align="right">590,756</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Mississippi</td> + <td align="right">56</td> + <td align="right">375,651</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Louisiana</td> + <td align="right">39</td> + <td align="right">352,411</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Arkansas</td> + <td align="right">39</td> + <td align="right">97,574</td> + </tr> + <tr><td colspan="3" align="center">———————</td></tr> + <tr> + <td>District Columbia (Slave)</td> + <td align="right">2</td> + <td align="right">43,712</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Iowa Territory</td> + <td align="right">18</td> + <td align="right">43,112</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Wisconsin Territory</td> + <td align="right">22</td> + <td align="right">30,945</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Florida Territory (Slave)</td> + <td align="right">20</td> + <td align="right">54,447</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<a name='IV'></a><h2>IV.</h2> + +<h2>CERTIFICATE OF NATURALIZATION.</h2> +<br /> + +<p>"Be it remembered, that at a Nisi Prius, holden by one of the Justices +of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, in the +Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in and for the Eastern District, a Court +of Record, on the tenth day of October, in the year of Our Lord One +thousand eight hundred and forty-two, Edwin Williams, a native of +England, exhibited a petition, praying to be admitted to become a +Citizen of the United States; and it appearing to the said Court that he +had declared on oath, before the Prothonotary of the Supreme Court of +Pennsylvania for the Eastern District, on this day, that it was <i>bonâ +fide</i> his intention to become a Citizen of the United States, and to +renounce for ever all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, +potentate, state, or sovereignty whatsoever, and particularly to the +Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, of whom he was +at that time a subject; and the said Edwin. Williams having on his +solemn oath declared, and also made proof thereof according to law, to +the satisfaction of the Court, that he had resided within the limits and +under the jurisdiction of the United States of America three years next +preceding his arriving at the age of twenty-one years, and continued to +reside therein to the time of making his application; that, including +the three years of his minority, he had resided one year and upwards, +last past, within the State of Pennsylvania, and within the limits and +under the jurisdiction of the United States five years and upwards; and +that during the three years next preceding it had been <i>bonâ fide</i> his +intention to become a Citizen of the United States, and that during that +time he had behaved as a man of good moral character, attached to the +principles of the Constitution of the United States, and well disposed +to the good order and happiness of the same; and having declared on his +solemn oath, before the said Court, that he would support the +Constitution of the United States, and that he did absolutely and +entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to every +foreign prince, potentate, state, and sovereignty whatsoever, and +particularly to the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and +Ireland, of whom he was before a subject; and having in all respects +complied with the laws in regard to Naturalization, thereupon the Court +admitted the said Edwin Williams to become a Citizen of the United +States, and ordered all the proceedings aforesaid to be recorded by the +Prothonotary of the said Court, which was done accordingly.</p> + +<p>"In witness whereof I have hereunto affixed the seal of the said Court +at Philadelphia, this tenth day of October, in the year One thousand +eight hundred and forty-two, and of the Sovereignty and Independence of +the United States of America the sixty-seventh.</p> + +<p>"J. SIMON COHEN, <i>Prothonotary</i>."</p> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p>Palmer and Clayton. Crane-court, Fleet-street.</p> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13095 ***</div> +</body> +</html> + + + + + + + + + |