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+<head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
+
+ <title>The Mirror of Literature, Issue 494.</title>
+
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+<body>
+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13090 ***</div>
+
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page401" name="page401"></a>[pg 401]</span>
+
+ <h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+ OF<br />
+ LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+ <hr class="full" />
+
+ <table width="100%" summary="Volume, Number, and Date">
+ <tr>
+ <td align="left"><b>Vol. XVII. No. 494.</b></td>
+ <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, JUNE 18, 1831.</b></td>
+ <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <hr class="full" />
+
+
+<div class="figure" style="width:100%;"><a href="images/494-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/494-1.png" alt="" /></a></div>
+<h3>EXETER HALL, STRAND.</h3>
+
+
+<p>We rejoice to see the site of Burleigh
+House partly occupied by the above
+Building. Its object is to afford accommodation
+for the meetings of Philanthropic
+Societies&mdash;so that whatever
+may be the olden celebrity of the spot,
+it is reasonable to expect that its present
+appropriation will be associated
+with the most grateful recollections.</p>
+
+<p>This building is, perhaps, the most
+perfect erection of its kind in England.
+The approach from the Strand is remarkably
+modest: it is by a very narrow,
+though very chaste, door-way,
+situated between two Corinthian columns
+and pilasters. Within the door
+is a hall, with two flights of steps, which
+afterwards unite, and lead up to the entrance
+of the great hall itself; the hall
+below leads into a broad passage, which
+extends to the farther extremity of the
+building, opening right and left into
+various offices. On entering the door
+of the great hall, a vast and splendid
+room is presented to view, with scarcely
+a single interruption to the eye throughout
+its whole extent, capable of containing,
+with comfort, more than 3,000
+persons. The floor is covered with substantial
+oak seats, equal to the accommodation
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page402" id="page402"></a>[pg 402]</span>
+of 2,500 persons. The greater
+portion of these are situated on a gentle
+rise, to permit a perfect view of the
+platform on which the proceedings
+take place. The platform is raised
+about six feet from the floor, and extends
+the whole breadth of the room,
+curving inwards, the extremities bending
+towards the audience: it contains
+seats for nearly 300 individuals. Behind
+this gallery again, are very capacious
+recesses, which will hold from three
+to four hundred persons. The lower
+part of the walls of the room is quite
+plain, the architect, probably, regarding
+the audience as a sufficient ornament
+in that quarter, though the rising of
+the seats would obscure carved-work if
+it were there. The windows are at a
+considerable height from the ground,
+and are of dimmed glass, with a chaste
+and classical border. The ceiling, which
+is at a noble height, is beautifully laid
+out in squares, with borderings and rosettes.
+An oblong opening occurs in
+the centre, with massive beams stretching
+across, presenting to view an erection
+in the roof, a form of construction,
+probably, necessary to so immense a
+mass of roofing, and serving also for
+the purposes of ventilation, as it contains
+windows at each end. There are
+four pillars near the end of the hall,
+rising to the ceiling, the capitals of
+which, as also those of some pilasters
+at the upper extremity of the hall,
+are exquisitely carved in straw-coloured
+marble. Behind the platform are numerous
+and convenient committee-rooms.
+The word "Philadelpheion," which may
+be rendered "loving brothers," is carved
+in Greek capitals over the entrance in
+the Strand.<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a></p>
+
+<p>Exeter Hall has been erected by subscription,
+by a public company established
+for the purpose.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>WILLS OF SHAKSPEARE, MILTON AND BUONAPARTE.</h3>
+
+<h4>(<i>To the Editor</i>.)</h4>
+
+
+<p>The last wills and testaments of the
+three greatest men of modern ages are
+tied up in one sheet of foolscap, and
+may be seen together at Doctors Commons.
+In the will of the "Bard of
+Avon" is an interlineation in his own
+handwriting&mdash;"I give unto my wife my
+brown best bed, with the furniture." It
+is proved by William Byrde, 22nd July,
+1616.</p>
+
+<p>The will of the Minstrel of Paradise
+is a nuncupative one taken by his daughter,
+the great poet being blind.</p>
+
+The will of Napoleon, to whom future
+ages, in spite of legitimacy, will confirm
+the epithet "le grand," is signed in a
+bold style of handwriting; the codicil,
+on the contrary, written shortly before
+his death, exhibits the then weak state
+of his body.
+<h4>T.H.K.</h4>
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>VERNAL STANZAS.</h3>
+
+<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4>
+
+
+<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza">
+<p>The earth displayed its robe of gorgeous hues,</p>
+<p>And o'er the tufted violets softly stole</p>
+<p>The downy pinions of the fragrant wind,</p>
+<p>Which tuned the brook with music; there were clouds</p>
+<p>O'er the blue heaven dispersed in various shapes,</p>
+<p>And touch'd with most impassive light, whereon</p>
+<p>The heart might dwell and dream of future bliss;</p>
+<p>And as the sound of distant bells awaked</p>
+<p>The echoes of the woods, they raised the thoughts</p>
+<p>To worlds more bright and beautiful than ours!</p>
+ </div><div class="stanza">
+<h4>G.R.C.</h4>
+ </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>The spring has waved her sunny wing</p>
+<p class="i2">Upon the verdant earth,</p>
+<p>And winds from distant, places bring</p>
+<p class="i2">The festal tones of mirth;</p>
+<p>The sky appears an azure field,</p>
+<p>With clouds emblazoned like a shield.</p>
+ </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>A golden light has touched the woods,</p>
+<p class="i2">And o'er the silent dell</p>
+<p>A languid breathless quiet broods,</p>
+<p class="i2">Scarce broken by the swell</p>
+<p>Of streams that whisper through the air,</p>
+<p>As if they were awaked to pray'r.</p>
+ </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>Survey the lovely scene around,</p>
+<p class="i2">The river beams in gold,</p>
+<p>Its rippling waves with song resound,</p>
+<p class="i2">And rainbow light unfold,</p>
+<p>And as the flow'rs unclose their eyes,</p>
+<p>Their hue seems coloured by the skies.</p>
+ </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>The mould'ring church on yonder slope,</p>
+<p class="i2">Perchance by heaven designed</p>
+<p>To consecrate the heart with hope,</p>
+<p class="i2">In ivy-wreaths is shrined:</p>
+<p>Its rural tombs are green with age,</p>
+<p>And types of earthly pilgrimage.</p>
+ </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>On this delightful vernal day,</p>
+<p class="i2">In scenes so rich and fair,</p>
+<p>The spirit feels a hallow'd ray</p>
+<p class="i2">Kindling its essence there;</p>
+<p>And Fancy haunts the mourner's urn,</p>
+<p>"With thoughts that breathe, and words that burn."</p>
+ </div> </div>
+<i>Deal.</i>
+
+<h4>G.R.C.</h4>
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>POPULAR SUPERSTITIONS.</h3>
+
+<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4>
+
+<blockquote><p>All power of fancy over reason is a degree of
+insanity.&mdash;JOHNSON.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In a former number I gave some observations
+on apparitions, and I shall here
+continue my remarks.</p>
+
+<p>The argument that was used by Dr.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page403" id="page403"></a>[pg 403]</span>
+Johnson was founded on premises that
+are as inadmissible as his conclusion,
+viz. that the popular opinion in favour
+of the reality of apparitions could only
+obtain universal credence by its truth.
+This is very plausible, but destitute of
+foundation. Does the learned doctor
+mean to deny the universality of errors?
+does he mean to call the whole body of
+the learned and enlightened cavillers?
+and that because they are not willing to
+consent to his monstrous opinion? To
+reverse the argument, does he mean to
+deny the truth of the Scriptures, or is
+he bold enough to assert that they have
+received universal credence? So much
+for the arguments wielded by Dr.
+Johnson, who has not been unaptly
+termed the Colossus of Literature. The
+idea that departed spirits revisited the
+earth, probably took its rise from the
+opinion of the immortality of the soul,
+which was very general in both ancient
+and modern times.<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> This supposition
+is most consonant with probability. It
+is always to be remarked that this species
+of superstition is most prevalent in
+those countries where learning and reason
+have made but little progress. The
+demons [Greek: Daimones] and genii of former
+times were exactly the same as the
+ghosts of this; the same attributes, the
+same power, and the same malice were
+observed of one, as are now attributed to
+the other. By the Chaldeans these
+demons were divided into two kinds,
+good and bad. But as it is foreign to
+my purpose to enter into an investigation
+of the opinions of the ancients on
+this subject, I shall content myself with
+referring the curious reader to Stanley's
+<i>History of Philosophy</i>, a deservedly popular
+work.</p>
+
+
+<p>I shall here recount one of the most
+extraordinary tales relating to this subject
+that I ever heard; I believe the solution
+is evident, and I am not aware that
+it has appeared before; but if it has,
+some of the readers of the Mirror may
+not have seen it.</p>
+
+<p>A surgeon of Edinburgh was confined
+to his bed by some illness, and at "the
+dewy hour of eve," when the room was
+lighted by nothing but the glimmering
+and flickering light of a wood fire, he
+perceived <i>a female sitting at the foot of
+the bed clothed in white</i>! Imagining
+that it was some defect in his sight, he
+gazed more intensely at it, still it was
+there. He then raised his hand before
+his eyes and he did not perceive it; on
+withdrawing it the apparition was there.
+Closing his eyes he went through a mathematical
+calculation to convince himself
+he was in his right senses; upon
+reopening them he still perceived her
+there. The fire then went out and he
+saw no more. I confess I see no difficulty
+in accounting for this, by supposing
+the gentleman was afflicted with
+that horrid disease of which Sir Walter
+Scott gives many cases in his <i>Demonology
+and Witchcraft</i>. Although I have
+no warrant for asserting spirits do not
+return, yet I must say, all the tales I
+have ever heard do not necessarily require
+any such interpretation on them.
+It may be true, and so may everything
+which we have no evidence against or
+for. If my opinion on the subject was
+to be shaken by anything, it would be
+with the following story, which was
+given to me by one whose veracity I
+have no reason to doubt.</p>
+
+<p>There is, or rather was, a very ancient
+castle in Lancashire, near Liverpool,
+called Castle de Bergh, which
+belongs to a noble family of that name.
+Many years ago the possessor of the
+castle, Mr. de Burgh, died, and the
+castle was then let out to various of the
+tenantry, among whom was a carpenter.
+Two years after the death of Mr. de
+Burgh, as this carpenter was employed
+in his workshop, about a quarter of a
+mile from the castle, melting glue, it
+being evening, and only four of his
+men with him, he perceived a gentleman
+in mourning passing the lathe
+where the men were at work. He was
+immediately seized with a violent trembling
+and weakness, his hair stood on
+end, and a clammy sweat spread over his
+forehead. The lights were put out, he
+knew not how, and at last, in fear and
+terror, he was obliged to return home.
+On his arrival at the castle, as he was
+passing up the stairs, he heard a footstep
+behind, and on turning round he perceived
+the same apparition. He hastily
+entered his room, and bolted, locked,
+and barred the door, but to his horror
+and surprise this offered no impediment
+to his ghostly visiter, for the door sprang
+open at his touch, and he entered the
+room! The apparition was seen by
+various others, all of whom asserted it
+bore the strongest resemblance to their
+deceased master! One gentleman spoke
+to him, and the spirit told him "that
+he was not happy."</p>
+
+<p><i>Foley Place.</i></p>
+
+<h4>AN ANTIQUARY.</h4>
+<hr />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page404" id="page404"></a>[pg 404]</span>
+
+
+<h3>LINES.</h3>
+
+<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4>
+
+
+<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza">
+<p>Upon the silent grassy bed,</p>
+<p>Shall maiden's tears at eve be shed,</p>
+<p>And friendship's self shall often there</p>
+<p>Heave the sigh, and breathe the pray'r.</p>
+<p>Young flowers of spring around shall bloom,</p>
+<p>And summer's roses deck thy tomb.</p>
+<p>The primrose ope its modest breast</p>
+<p>Where thy lamented ashes rest,</p>
+<p>And cypress branches lowly bend</p>
+<p>Where thy lov'd form with clay shall blend.</p>
+<p>The silver willow darkly wave</p>
+<p>Above thy unforgotten grave,</p>
+<p>And woodbine leaves will fondly creep,</p>
+<p>Where * * lies in holy sleep.</p>
+ </div></div>
+
+<i>Sturminster</i>.
+<h4>COLBOURNE.</h4>
+<hr />
+
+<h3>PARLIAMENTARY SCRAPS.</h3>
+<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4>
+
+<p>Lord Coke, in his fourth institute, defines
+certain qualities essentially requisite
+to constitute a good member of
+parliament; and he refers to a parliament
+roll, 3 Henry VI., which affirms
+that a parliament man should have three
+properties ascribed to the elephant&mdash;1.
+That he hath no gall; 2. That he is inflexible,
+and cannot bow; 3. That he is
+of a most ripe and perfect memory.&mdash;1.
+To be without malice, rancour, heat,
+and envy;&mdash;in elephante melancholia
+transit in nutrimentum corporis: every
+gallish inclination, if any were, should
+tend to the good of the whole body&mdash;the
+commonwealth. 2. That he be constant,
+inflexible, and not be bowed, or
+turned from the right, either from fear,
+reward, or favour; not in judgment respect
+any person. 3. That in remembering
+perils past, dangers to come may
+be prevented.</p>
+
+<p>To these, addition is made by Lord
+Coke of two other properties of elephants:
+the one, that though they be
+maximæ virtutis et maximi intellectus,
+of great strength and understanding,
+<i>tamen gregatim semper incedunt</i>, yet
+they are sociable, and go in companies;
+for <i>animalia gregalia non sunt nociva,
+sed animalia solivaga sunt nociva</i>: sociable
+creatures that go in flocks or
+herds are not hurtful&mdash;as deer, sheep,
+&amp;c.; but beasts that walk solely or
+singularly, as bears, foxes, &amp;c., are dangerous
+and hurtful. The other property
+is, that the elephant is philanthropos,
+homini erranti viam ostendit.
+And, in the opinion of Coke, these properties
+ought every parliament man to
+have.</p>
+
+<p>Neither the ancient nor modern election
+statutes mention, or imply, the existence
+of a "candidate." The old laws
+direct that the representative shall be
+freely and indifferently chosen by the
+electors. The choice was of their own
+motion, and the person elected was passive.
+Even at the present day, the law
+does not contemplate his asking for
+votes, and therefore does not allow,
+after the issuing of the writ, sufficient
+time for a regular canvass. The term
+"candidate" had its derivation from the
+person being <i>candidatus,</i> clothed in
+white, as symbolical of the wearer's
+purity.</p>
+
+<p>James I. issued a proclamation, in
+which the voters for members of parliament
+are directed "not to choose
+curious and wrangling lawyers, who
+seek reputation by stirring needless
+questions."</p>
+
+<p>At the Sussex election, in 1807, an
+elector, named Morton, voted in right
+of his patrimonial land at Rusper, which
+had been in possession of his ancestors
+750 years.</p>
+<h4>W.G.C.</h4>
+<hr />
+
+<h3>SONNET</h3>
+<h4>TO AN EOLIN HARP, HEARD AT EVENING.</h4>
+<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4>
+<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza">
+<p>Soft breathings of aerial melody,</p>
+<p class="i2">Ye seem like love-songs from the elfin land,</p>
+<p class="i2">Or soundings from that heaven-commissioned band,</p>
+<p>Ushering the good man to the bliss on high.</p>
+<p>Now swells the chorus full, anon ye die</p>
+<p class="i2">Away upon the breeze, so soft and bland</p>
+<p class="i2">Melting on evening's ear. Sure Love's own hand</p>
+<p>In kindest mood hath wrought this minstrelsy.</p>
+<p>How to the lorn heart does its influence creep,</p>
+<p class="i2">As the wild winds sweep o'er the fairy strings,</p>
+<p class="i2">Bringing again departed, perish'd things,</p>
+<p>O'er which we feel it luxury to weep.</p>
+<p>Sing on ye zephyr-sprites, your vespers cheer</p>
+<p>The heart, whose off'ring is a holy tear.</p>
+ </div> </div>
+
+<i>Sturminster.</i>
+
+<h4>COLBOURNE.</h4>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<h2>THE COSMOPOLITE</h2>.
+<h3>HINTS FOR SELF-ADVANCEMENT; OR,
+HOW TO MAKE ONE'S WAY IN THE WORLD.</h3>
+<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4>
+
+
+<p>When you visit married people, pay
+particular attention to their children:
+the more noisy, troublesome, and disagreeable
+they are, the more is it incumbent
+upon you to praise them.
+Should the baby entertain you with a
+passionate squall for an hour or two,
+vow that it is "a charming child"&mdash;"a
+sweet pet"&mdash;"a dear, pretty, little creature,"
+&amp;c. &amp;c. Call red hair auburn,
+and "a sweet, uncommon colour;" a
+squint, or cross-eye, think "an agreeable
+expression;" maintain that an
+ugly child is extremely handsome, and
+the image either of one or other of its
+parents, or of its handsomest, wealthiest,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page405" id="page405"></a>[pg 405]</span>
+or most aristocratic relations. Discover
+which of a family is mamma's, and which
+papa's favourite, and pay your court accordingly;
+for it is better to lavish, in
+this case, your attentions and encomiums
+upon one or two, than upon all.</p>
+
+<p>When requiring an introduction to
+any great people, scruple not to avail
+yourself of the services of the little;
+but when mounted as high as you please,
+by all means kick down your ladders,
+cast away your stepping stones&mdash;since
+they might, instead of being of any further
+assistance, only prove incumbrances
+to you.</p>
+
+<p>Take every opportunity of joining in
+conversation with those to whom you
+desire to recommend yourself. Should
+you feel at a loss for topics of discourse,
+mention servants, and tradesmen, upon
+whom fail not to bestow most hearty
+abuse;&mdash;vow that they are an unprincipled
+set of knaves, scoundrels, and
+thieves. Hence you will be thought to
+have "much to say for yourself;" and
+should you be enabled to narrate any
+grievous losses sustained from these
+members of society, you will obtain credit
+for having "something to lose" at
+any rate, and find it of incalculable
+value.</p>
+
+<p>When you direct a letter to a knight
+bachelor&mdash;though it is indeed customary
+and well-bred to omit altogether the
+Knt.&mdash;yet it will never be taken amiss
+should you venture to address him as a
+Knight of the Garter, Bath, &amp;c.&amp;c., or
+even as a Baronet. Undoubtedly it is
+as vulgar to misapprehend and confound
+titles, as it is to mispronounce and misspell
+names; nevertheless rest assured,
+that flattered vanity will go far to pardon
+vulgarity.</p>
+
+<p>If a gentleman, pay infinite attention
+to the single ladies of a family&mdash;compliment,
+flirt, converse with, and ask them
+to dance. This conduct will obtain for
+you, on account of the fair creatures,
+marvellous good report, numerous invitations;
+and if you have sufficient tact
+to steer clear of committing yourself for
+more than a few flattering and general
+attentions, you may be considered one
+of the happiest of those who live&mdash;by
+their wits, and upon their friends.</p>
+
+<p>Should your "dancing days be over,"
+which is scarcely probable, considering
+how greatly it is now the fashion for
+"potent, grave, and reverend signors,"
+and signoras also, to join the gay quadrille,
+&amp;c. (and here we may as well
+note, that in genteel society, dowager
+honourables and old ladies may dance,
+whilst young, plain misses may not)&mdash;there
+are sundry modes of rendering
+yourself agreeable, which your own
+taste and talents, it is to be presumed,
+will naturally suggest: chess, whist,
+ecarté, quadrille, &amp;c. &amp;c., not to mention
+a little practical knowledge of
+music, are acquirements which cause an
+individual to be considered "very agreeable"&mdash;because
+very useful; and rely
+upon it, as the world goes, utility in
+nine cases out of ten is, with society, a
+consideration. Hence, no creature is
+so universally voted disagreeable as one
+from whom no kind of service can be
+exacted; and whilst roués, gamesters,
+and tipplers, duelists, pugilists, and
+blacklegs, are tolerated in society, stupid
+men are overlooked, or thrust out
+of it with contempt.</p>
+
+<p>Dress in the extreme of fashion: you
+can neither gain nor maintain your
+ground without so doing; and as you
+have an end to answer, which your
+tailors or milliners have not, of course
+you will not suffer the unfashionable
+dictates of conscience, respecting their
+bills, to interfere with your proceedings.</p>
+
+<p>Answer an invitation as soon as it is
+received; many individuals defer so doing
+for some days, which certainly shows
+fashionable ease and nonchalance, besides
+allowing time for the arrival of
+another and preferable one; but, by
+those who are absolutely bent upon advancing
+themselves in society, this practice
+is to be eschewed, since by perplexing,
+it so annoys the donor of a fête,
+that the chances are greatly against your
+ever again being asked.</p>
+
+<p>Never omit, the day after a party, to
+send or leave your card, as an acknowledgment
+for the civility you have received.
+This ceremony, indeed, it is to
+your interest frequently to repeat at the
+doors of your friends, since it will ensure
+your never being forgotten by them.</p>
+
+<p>Never go to an evening party until
+you are pretty certain that everybody
+else is coming away. Your consequence
+will by this conduct be enhanced;&mdash;you
+may protest that you have already appeared
+at two or three balls, &amp;c. When,
+if a student or fashionable novel-writer,
+your time may have been more rationally
+employed at home, you go too late to
+dance much, if the exercise, or rather
+the partners, be disagreeable to you;
+you ensure being seen, which is something,&mdash;for,
+alas! how many worthy
+aspirants to fashion, fortune, and fame,
+if of no actual importance, are fated to
+pass unnoticed in a crowd! and the
+opportunity is besides afforded you of
+paying almost undivided attention to
+your host, hostess, and family, which
+must materially advance your interests.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page406" id="page406"></a>[pg 406]</span>
+Neither be in too great haste to quit the
+houses of those to whom you desire to
+recommend yourself. Parties, even the
+worst, cost both money and trouble;
+and whilst the givers of them feel it no
+compliment to be run away from, as if a
+pestilence raged in their habitations, it
+is positively insulting to inform them
+that another soiree, from which you
+hope better things, awaits your presence.</p>
+
+<p>If a lady, "set up for a beauty:"
+rely upon it, no persons will "cry you
+up" as such unless you give them the
+note. Should you be extremely plain,
+no matter; friz your hair until it stands
+out one English ell from your face, and
+mount it, in bows, braids, &amp;c., three
+yards at least from the crown of your
+head; drawl, or lisp in your speech;
+bring out words and phrases from every
+living tongue with which you may happen
+to be slightly acquainted; boast of
+"the continent;" mince your gait;
+wriggle forward upon your toes when
+you walk; and swim and dip, whenever
+led into the atrocity of committing a
+<i>quad</i>-rille. In brief, give yourself unimaginable
+airs; then protest that your
+manners, as well as your costume, are
+of the newest Parisian mode&mdash;and it is
+ten to one but that affectation will be
+accepted in lieu of, or mistaken for,
+beauty.</p>
+
+<p>Never forget, that as it is sometimes
+very prudent to be deaf and dumb in
+society, so is it extremely convenient
+upon occasions to be blind. The cuts,
+direct and oblique&mdash;the looks at, and
+the looks over&mdash;the distant, formal bow,
+and the adroit turn upon the heel (should
+you perceive the party, intended to be
+cut for the time being at least, advancing
+with dire intent of obliging a recognition),
+may be, especially upon old and
+provincial friends, practised <i>ad libitum</i>,
+without the slightest danger of your
+character for etiquette, politeness, suavity,
+and general pleasantness, being
+impeached. Indeed it is not incompatible
+with the highest breeding, to allow
+your slighted and amazed acquaintance
+to hear you quizzing, and see you laughing
+at, him heartily, should it be your
+interest so to do; and then next day, to
+walk boldly up to him, protest he is the
+best fellow in the world; and should he
+be so senseless as to venture an allusion
+to your "late conduct," to vow, with
+the extremest audacity, that he happens
+to be under some evident and deplorable
+mistake, &amp;c. &amp;c. In short, should you
+really find yourself in a scrape, to back
+out of it as well as you are able.</p>
+
+<p>When at a ball, it may sometimes be
+to your advantage (though fashionable
+insolence should not be carried too far)
+to act in the following manner:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>1. Ask a lady if she is engaged to
+dance. Should she answer "No," whilst
+her eyes say "Yes, if you will be my
+partner," then, instead of offering yourself
+for that purpose, protest that
+"dancing is a mighty bore, which no
+gentleman would endure, could he possibly
+help it," and walk away.</p>
+
+<p>2. Having elicited from a lady that
+she is not engaged for the ensuing dance,
+exclaim, with a smile of triumph, "I
+am! and must go and find my partner."</p>
+
+<p>3. When conversing with one young
+lady, whom you do not design to compliment
+by leading out for waltz, quadrille,
+or galoppe, mazurka, or Russian
+cotillon, &amp;c., take particular care, in
+her hearing, to engage yourself to another.
+This is equally kind and polite.</p>
+
+<p>4. Upon the conclusion of a dance,
+either leave your partner standing in the
+middle of the room&mdash;which I have beheld
+performed with admirable effect&mdash;-or,
+hastily leading her to a seat, quit her
+instantly: which proceeding says, in
+plain English, "Lady, I would not stay
+another moment with you for anything
+that could be offered me, lest the world
+should choose to fancy we are engaged."</p>
+
+<p>Respecting giving and lending, which
+are sometimes necessary worldly duties,
+your guide must be this brief, but infallible
+rule&mdash;"Venture a small fish to
+catch a large one." Those antiquated
+beings, indeed, whom the polite style
+"horrid bores," but whose generic appellation
+is Christians, are accustomed to
+"lend and give, not hoping to receive;"
+yet this maxim cannot of course be supposed
+to influence the conduct of those
+who desire to advance themselves in the
+world, because they are bound to bear
+in mind, that they cannot admit of any
+principle of action which tends, in the
+slightest degree, to militate against their
+interest.&mdash;<i>Et caetera desunt.</i></p>
+
+<h4>M.L.B.</h4>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>THE NATURALIST.</h2>
+
+<h3>THE WHITE-HEADED, OR BALD EAGLE.</h3>
+
+<h4>(<i>Concluded from page</i> 389.)</h4>
+
+
+<p>The intrepidity of character, before
+mentioned, may be farther illustrated
+by the following fact, which occurred a
+few years ago, near Great Egg Harbour,
+New Jersey. A woman, who happened
+to be weeding in the garden, had set her
+child down near, to amuse itself while
+she was at work; when a sudden and
+extraordinary rushing sound, and a
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page407" id="page407"></a>[pg 407]</span>
+scream from her child, alarmed her, and
+starting up, she beheld the infant thrown
+down, and dragged some few feet, and
+a large bald eagle bearing off a fragment
+of its frock, which being the only
+part seized, and giving way, providentially
+saved the life of the infant.</p>
+
+<p>The appetite of the bald eagle,
+though habituated to long fasting, is of
+the most voracious and often the most
+indelicate kind. Fish, when he can obtain
+them, are preferred to all other
+fare. Young lambs and pigs are dainty
+morsels, and made free with on all
+favourable occasions. Ducks, geese,
+gulls, and other sea fowl, are also seized
+with avidity. The most putrid carrion,
+when nothing better can be had, is acceptable;
+and the collected groups of
+gormandizing vultures, on the approach
+of this dignified personage, instantly disperse,
+and make way for their master,
+waiting his departure in sullen silence,
+and at a respectful distance, on the adjacent
+trees.</p>
+
+<p>In one of those partial migrations of
+tree squirrels that sometimes take place
+in our western forests, many thousands
+of them were destroyed in attempting
+to cross the Ohio; and at a certain
+place, not far from Wheeling, a prodigious
+number of their dead bodies were
+floated to the shore by an eddy. Here
+the vultures assembled in great force,
+and had regailed themselves for some
+time, when a bald eagle made his appearance,
+and took sole possession of
+the premises, keeping the whole vultures
+at their proper distance for several days.
+He has also been seen navigating the
+same river on a floating carrion, though
+scarcely raised above the surface of the
+water, and tugging at the carcass, regardless
+of snags, sawyers, planters, or
+shallows. He sometimes carries his
+tyranny to great extremes against the
+vultures. In hard times, when food
+happens to be scarce, should he accidentally
+meet with one of these who has
+its craw crammed with carrion, he attacks
+it fiercely in the air; the cowardly
+vulture instantly disgorges, and the delicious
+contents are snatched up by the
+eagle before they reach the ground.</p>
+
+<p>The nest of this species is generally
+fixed on a very large and lofty tree, often
+in a swamp or morass, and difficult to
+be ascended. On some noted tree of
+this description, often a pine or cypress,
+the bald eagle builds, year after year,
+for a long series of years. When both
+male and female have been shot from the
+nest, another pair has soon after taken
+possession. The nest is large, being
+added to and repaired every season,
+until it becomes a black prominent mass,
+observable at a considerable distance.
+It is formed of large sticks, sods, earthy
+rubbish, hay, moss, &amp;c. Many have
+stated to me that the female lays first a
+single egg, and that, after having sat on
+it for some time, she lays another; when
+the first is hatched, the warmth of that,
+it is pretended, hatches the other.
+Whether this be correct or not, I cannot
+determine; but a very respectable gentleman
+of Virginia assured me, that he
+saw a large tree cut down, containing
+the nest of a bald eagle, in which were
+two young, one of which appeared nearly
+three times as large as the other. As
+a proof of their attachment to their
+young, a person near Norfolk informed
+me, that, in clearing a piece of wood
+on his place, they met with a large dead
+pine tree, on which was a bald eagle's
+nest and young. The tree being on fire
+more than half way up, and the flames
+rapidly ascending, the parent eagle darted
+around and among the flames, until
+her plumage was so much injured that
+it was with difficulty she could make her
+escape, and even then, she several times
+attempted to return to relieve her offspring.</p>
+
+<p>The flight of the bald eagle, when
+taken into consideration with the ardour
+and energy of his character, is noble
+and interesting. Sometimes the human
+eye can just discern him, like a minute
+speck, moving in slow curvatures along
+the face of the heavens, as if reconnoitering
+the earth at that immense distance.
+Sometimes he glides along in a
+direct horizontal line, at a vast height,
+with expanded and unmoving wings, till
+he gradually disappears in the distant
+blue ether. Seen gliding in easy circles
+over the high shores and mountainous
+cliffs that tower above the Hudson and
+Susquehanna, he attracts the eye of the
+intelligent voyager, and adds great interest
+to the scenery. At the great Cataract
+of Niagara, already mentioned,
+there rises from the gulf into which the
+Falls of the Horse-Shoe descend, a
+stupendous column of smoke, or spray,
+reaching to the heavens, and moving off
+in large black clouds, according to the
+direction of the wind, forming a very
+striking and majestic appearance. The
+eagles are here seen sailing about, sometimes
+losing themselves in this thick column,
+and again reappearing in another
+place, with such ease and elegance of
+motion, as renders the whole truly sublime.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza">
+<p>High o'er the watery uproar, silent seen,</p>
+<p>Sailing sedate in majesty serene,</p>
+<p>Now midst the pillar'd spray sublimely lost,</p>
+<p>And now, emerging, down the Rapids tost,</p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page408" id="page408"></a>[pg 408]</span>
+<p>Glides the bald eagle, gazing, calm and slow,</p>
+<p>O'er all the horrors of the scene below;</p>
+<p>Intent alone to sate himself with blood,</p>
+<p>From the torn victims of the raging flood.</p>
+ </div> </div>
+
+<p>The white-headed eagle is three feet
+long, and seven feet in extent; the bill
+is of a rich yellow; cere the same,
+slightly tinged with green; mouth flesh-coloured;
+tip of the tongue, bluish
+black; the head, chief part of the neck,
+vent, tail coverts, and tail, are white in
+the perfect, or old birds of both sexes,
+in those under three years of age these
+parts are of a gray brown; the rest of
+the plumage is deep, dark brown, each
+feather tipt with pale brown, lightest on
+the shoulder of the wing, and darkest
+towards its extremities. The conformation
+of the wing is admirably adapted
+for the support of so large a bird; it
+measures two feet in breadth on the
+greater quills, and sixteen inches on
+the lesser; the longest primaries are
+twenty inches in length, and upwards
+of one inch in circumference where they
+enter the skin; the broadest secondaries
+are three inches in breadth across
+the vane; the scapulars are very large
+and broad, spreading from the back to
+the wing, to prevent the air from passing
+through; another range of broad
+flat feathers, from three to ten inches in
+length, also extend from the lower part
+of the breast to the wing below, for
+the same purpose; between these lies a
+deep triangular cavity; the thighs are
+remarkably thick, strong, and muscular,
+covered with long feathers pointing backwards,
+usually called the femoral feathers;
+the legs, which are covered half
+way below the knee, before, with dark
+brown downy feathers, are of a rich
+yellow, the colour of ripe Indian corn;
+feet the same; claws blue black, very
+large and strong, particularly the inner
+one, which is considerably the largest;
+soles, very rough and warty; the eye is
+sunk, under a bony, or cartilaginous
+projection, of a pale yellow colour, and
+is turned considerably forwards, not
+standing parallel with the cheeks, the
+iris is of a bright straw colour, pupil
+black.</p>
+
+<p>The male is generally two or three
+inches shorter than the female; the
+white on the head, neck, and tail being
+more tinged with yellowish, and its
+whole appearance less formidable; the
+brown plumage is also lighter, and the
+bird itself less daring than the female, a
+circumstance common to almost all birds
+of prey.</p>
+
+<p>The eagle is said to live to a great
+age&mdash;sixty, eighty, and, as some assert,
+one hundred years. This circumstance
+is remarkable, when we consider the
+seeming intemperate habits of the bird.
+Sometimes fasting, through necessity,
+for several days, and at other times
+gorging itself with animal food till its
+craw swells out the plumage of that
+part, forming a large protuberance on
+the breast. This, however, is its natural
+food, and for these habits its whole
+organization is particularly adapted. It
+has not, like men, invented rich wines,
+ardent spirits, and a thousand artificial
+poisons, in the form of soups, sauces,
+and sweetmeats. Its food is simple, it
+indulges freely, uses great exercise,
+breathes the purest air, is healthy, vigorous,
+and long lived. The lords of
+the creation themselves might derive
+some useful hints from these facts, were
+they not already, in general, too wise,
+or too proud, to learn from their <i>inferiors,</i>
+the fowls of the air and beasts
+of the field.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>NOTES OF A READER.</h2>
+
+<h3>THE LATE MRS. SIDDONS.</h3>
+
+<p>The subsequent account of Mrs. Siddons,
+nearly fifty years since, will perhaps
+give the reader a better outline of
+that "Queen of Tragedy" than any that
+has since appeared. We ought to mention
+that it is quoted from Mr. Boaden's
+<i>Memoirs</i>, and was written on the appearance
+of Mrs. Siddons in the character
+of Isabella, for the first time in London,
+October 10, 1782. Mr. Boaden
+thus introduces the quotation, in vol. i.
+of his work:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>As the person of our great actress
+has undergone some change, and her
+features by time became stronger, I
+should find it difficult now to describe
+her accurately by memory, as she stood
+before the audience on the night of the
+10th of October. I am relieved from
+this difficulty by an account of her written
+at the time. I shall change only a
+few of the expressions then used, more
+from a feeling as to composition than
+alteration as to sentiment.</p>
+
+<p>There never, perhaps, was a better
+stage-figure than that of Mrs. Siddons.
+Her height is above the middle size, but
+not at all inclined to the <i>em-bon-point</i>.
+There is, notwithstanding, nothing sharp
+or angular in the frame; there is sufficient
+muscle to bestow a roundness upon
+the limbs, and her attitudes are, therefore,
+distinguished equally by energy and
+grace. The symmetry of her person is
+exact and captivating. Her face is peculiarly
+happy, the features being finely
+formed, though strong, and never for an
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page409" id="page409"></a>[pg 409]</span>
+instant seeming overcharged, like the
+Italian faces, nor coarse and unfeminine
+under whatever impulse; on the contrary,
+it is so thoroughly harmonized
+when quiescent, and so expressive when
+impassioned, that most people think her
+more beautiful than she is; so great,
+too, is the flexibility of her countenance,
+that the rapid transitions of passion
+are given with a variety and effect
+that never tire upon the eye. Her voice
+is naturally plaintive, and a tender melancholy
+in her level speaking denotes a
+being devoted to tragedy; yet this seemingly
+settled quality of voice becomes at
+will sonorous or piercing, overwhelms
+with rage, or in its wild shriek absolutely
+harrows up the soul. Her sorrow,
+too, is never childish&mdash;her lamentation
+has a dignity which belongs, I
+think, to no other woman: it claims
+your respect along with your tears.
+Her eye is brilliant and varying like the
+diamond; it is singularly well placed;
+"it <i>pries</i>," in Shakspeare's language,
+"through the portal of the head," and
+has every aid from brows flexible beyond
+all female parallel, contracting to disdain,
+or dilating with the emotions of
+sympathy, or pity, or anguish. Her
+memory is tenacious and exact&mdash;her articulation
+clear and distinct&mdash;her pronunciation
+systematic and refined.</p>
+
+<p>Nor has Nature been partially bountiful:
+she has endowed her with a quickness
+of conception, and a strength of
+understanding equal to the proper use
+of such extraordinary gifts. So entirely
+is she mistress of herself, so collected,
+and so determined in gestures, tone, and
+manner, that she seldom errs, like other
+actors, because she doubts her powers
+or comprehension. She studies her author
+attentively, conceives justly, and
+describes with a firm consciousness of
+propriety. She is sparing in her action,
+because English nature does not act
+much; but it is always proper, picturesque,
+graceful, and dignified: it
+arises immediately from the sentiments
+and feeling, and is not seen to prepare
+itself before it begins. No studied trick
+or start can be predicted;&mdash;no forced
+tremulation of the figure, where the vacancy
+of the eye declares the absence
+of passion, can be seen;&mdash;no laborious
+strainings at false climax, in which the
+tired voice reiterates one high tone beyond
+which it cannot reach, is ever
+heard;&mdash;no artificial heaving of the
+breasts, so disgusting when the affectation
+is perceptible;&mdash;none of those arts
+by which the actress is seen, and not
+the character, can be found in Mrs.
+Siddons. So natural are her gradations
+and transitions, so classical and correct
+her speech and deportment, and so intensely
+interesting her voice, form, and
+features, that there is no conveying an
+idea of the pleasure she communicates
+by words. She must be seen to be
+known. What is still more delightful,
+she is an original: she copies no one
+living or dead, but acts from nature and
+herself.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.</h2>
+
+<h3>THE TWO MUNCHAUSENS.</h3>
+
+<h4><i>By a veteran.</i></h4>
+
+
+<p>In the late &mdash;&mdash; Regiment of Light
+Dragoons, were two worthy persons,
+who were denominated the regimental
+liars: a distinction to which, giving
+every man his due, they were eminently
+entitled. The great and fundamental
+requisites for accomplished lying, I conceive
+to be a good memory, a fertile
+fancy, a ready wit, fluency of speech,
+and a brazen countenance, so that you
+shall tell a man a most bare-faced falsehood,
+and afterwards adduce such connected
+proofs as especially characterize
+actual facts. The following dialogue
+is a specimen of the talents of the aforementioned
+mendacious personages.</p>
+
+<p>C.&mdash;"See a man walk after he was
+shot dead! so have I, a whole day's
+march."</p>
+
+<p>B.&mdash;"Come, come, that's stealing a
+march on our senses. No, no, it won't
+do: that's a naked one; do pray turn
+them out with some kind of probability
+covering over them."</p>
+
+<p>C.&mdash;"What, doubt my veracity;"</p>
+
+<p>B.&mdash;"Not for the world; that would
+be illiberal and unkind, and by the way,
+now I think on it, I believe the possibility
+of a man travelling without his <i>cranium,</i>
+for at the battle of Laswaree,
+during that desperate contest for British
+India, I saw a sergeant of the seventy-sixth
+shot dead; yet the fellow pursued
+his antagonist some hundred yards
+afterwards, threatening vengeance on
+the miscreant for having robbed the service
+of one of its best men. Finding
+himself weak from loss of blood, he deliberately
+unscrewed his head, threw it
+violently at the foe, and took him on the
+spine; down he tumbled; the veteran
+jumped upon him; fearful was the
+struggle; chest to chest, fist to fist;
+at last they joined in the death grapple,
+and dreadful indeed was their dying
+hug."</p>
+
+<p>C.&mdash;"My dear friend, I was an eye
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page410" id="page410"></a>[pg 410]</span>
+witness of the whole transaction. You
+have however forgotten the best part of
+the story. After the sergeant had well
+pummelled his enemy, he picked up his
+head again, and thrust into a neighbouring
+great gun: from the want of his
+<i>peepers</i> he made a random shot, and
+killed the horse on which Lord Lake
+was riding&mdash;his Lordship saluted the
+sod."</p>
+
+<p>B.&mdash;"I recollect it perfectly; for the
+nose of the said sergeant (recognised by
+sundry carbuncles) was so hard, that the
+following day it was extracted from the
+abdomen of the unfortunate animal."</p>
+
+<p>C.&mdash;"You make a mistake about the
+nose; it was discovered lodged in a loaf
+in a corporal's knapsack; the man
+could swear to it, for it was perforated
+by three balls, and otherwise curiously
+marked. Report said that a shell had
+once blown it completely off, and that it
+was stitched on again by a shoe-maker,
+who, ever after, went by the name of the
+<i>nosy</i> cobbler."</p>
+
+<p>B.&mdash;"Nothing impossible. It reminds
+me of a story somewhat as strange:
+During the battle of Delhi there was a
+quarter-master in the regiment, a queer
+fellow, who was never at a loss; (he is
+now in the corps, and can vouch for my
+statement) he was charging at the head
+of his squadron, when he caught a cannon
+shot in his hands: instantly dismounting,
+he chucked the ball into a
+field-piece, but, for want of a ramrod,
+he drove it home with his head. One
+of the enemy, seeing him thus zealously
+occupied, fired off the gun; strange to
+tell he was not killed! From constant
+exposure to the sun, in search of toddy,
+and from the free use of cocoa-nut oil,
+his head had become proof against shot.
+The distance from the place whence he
+was projected, to that where he was
+picked up, measured three miles, two
+furlongs, three yards, and eleven inches.
+A hard-headed fellow, Sir.&mdash;In his career
+he upset his colonel and a brace of
+captains."</p>
+
+<p>C.&mdash;"He did; and where the colonel
+was capsized, he made such a hole by
+his enormous weight, that the sovereign
+of Delhi ordered a large well to be dug
+on the spot, in memory of the event."</p>
+
+<p>B.&mdash;"I remember the well&mdash;twelve
+feet, three inches and a half, was the
+exact depth of the excavation occasioned
+by the fall."</p>
+
+<p>C.&mdash;"There you are wrong; only
+eleven feet, three inches&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>B.&mdash;"No, believe me, I am right;
+twelve feet, and three inches to a barleycorn."</p>
+
+<p>C.&mdash;"Never mind: a little, this way
+or that, is of no consequence. The
+most extraordinary thing was, that the
+gallant colonel only sprained his right
+arm."</p>
+
+<p>B.&mdash;"By no means extraordinary.
+You remember the great gun of Agra,
+in which a regiment of cavalry used to
+drill."</p>
+
+<p>C&mdash;"I do. The one that fired the
+stone ball to the wall of Futtipoore Sikrah&mdash;twenty
+miles."</p>
+
+<p>B.&mdash;"The same. Well, when that
+gun was fired, a thing that never occurred
+but once, the head of the rash man
+who fired it was afterwards found in the
+Old Woman's Tank, eleven miles from
+the spot, without so much as a blemish,
+except a slight singing of the right
+whisker."</p>
+
+<p>C.&mdash;"Ah! I can never forget the
+time; I had just landed in Calcutta when
+we heard the report. Some of the wadding
+went as far as Cawnpore."</p>
+
+<p>Here the trumpet, sounding for morning
+drill, put a stop to the colloquy.&mdash;<i>Englishman's Magazine.</i></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>THE MISER'S GRAVE.</h3>
+
+<h4>BY THE ETTRICK SHEPHERD.</h4>
+
+
+<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza">
+<p>Here's a lesson for the earth-born worm,</p>
+<p>So deep engraven on the meagre platen</p>
+<p>Of human frailty, so debased in hue,</p>
+<p>That he who dares peruse it needs but blush</p>
+<p>For his own nature. The poor shrivell'd wretch,</p>
+<p>For whose lean carcass yawns this hideous pit,</p>
+<p>Had naught that he desired in earth or heaven&mdash;</p>
+<p>No God, no Saviour, but that sordid pelf,</p>
+<p>O'er which he starved and gloated. I have seen him</p>
+<p>On the exchange, or in the market-place</p>
+<p>When money was in plenteous circulation,</p>
+<p>Gaze after it with such Satanic looks</p>
+<p>Of eagerness, that I have wonder'd oft</p>
+<p>How he from theft and murder could refrain.</p>
+<p>'Twas cowardice alone withheld his hands,</p>
+<p>For they would grasp and grapple at the air,</p>
+<p>When his grey eye had fixed on heaps of gold,</p>
+<p>While his clench'd teeth, and grinning, yearning face,</p>
+<p>Were dreadful to behold. The merchants oft</p>
+<p>Would mark his eye, then start and look again,</p>
+<p>As at the eye of basilisk or snake.</p>
+<p>His eye of greyish green ne'er shed one ray</p>
+<p>Of kind benignity or holy light</p>
+<p>On aught beneath the sun. Childhood, youth, beauty,</p>
+<p>To it had all one hue. Its rays reverted</p>
+<p>Right inward, back upon the greedy heart</p>
+<p>On which the gnawing worm of avarice</p>
+<p>Preyed without ceasing, straining every sense</p>
+<p>To that excruciable and yearning core.</p>
+<p class="i2">Some thirteen days agone, he comes to me,</p>
+<p>And after many sore and mean remarks</p>
+<p>On men's rapacity and sordid greed,</p>
+<p>He says, "Gabriel, thou art an honest man,</p>
+<p>As the world goes. How much, then, will you charge</p>
+<p>And make a grave for me, fifteen feet deep?"&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">"We'll talk of that when you require it, sir."</p>
+<p class="i2">"No, no. I want it made, and paid for too;</p>
+<p>I'll have it settled, else I know there will</p>
+<p>Be some unconscionable overcharge</p>
+<p>On my poor friends&mdash;a ruinous overcharge."&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">"But, sir, were it made now, it would fill up</p>
+<p>Each winter to the brim, and be to make</p>
+<p>Twenty or thirty times, if you live long."&mdash;</p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page411" id="page411"></a>[pg 411]</span>
+<p class="i2">"There! there it is! Nothing but imposition!</p>
+<p>Even Time must rear his stern, unyielding front,</p>
+<p>And holding out his shrivelled skeleton hand,</p>
+<p>Demands my money. Naught but money! money!</p>
+<p>Were I coin'd into money I could not</p>
+<p>Half satisfy that craving greed of money.</p>
+<p>Well, how much do you charge? I'll pay you now,</p>
+<p>And take a bond from you that it be made</p>
+<p>When it is needed. Come, calculate with reason&mdash;</p>
+<p>Work's very cheap; and two good men will make</p>
+<p>That grave at two days' work: and I can have</p>
+<p>Men at a shilling each&mdash;<i>without</i> the meat&mdash;</p>
+<p>That's a great matter! Let them but to meat,</p>
+<p>'Tis utter ruin. I'll give none their meat&mdash;</p>
+<p>That I'll beware of. Men now-a-days are cheap,</p>
+<p>Cheap, dogcheap, and beggarly fond of work.</p>
+<p>One shilling each a-day, <i>without</i> the meat.</p>
+<p>Mind that, and ask in reason; for I wish</p>
+<p>To have that matter settled to my mind."&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">"Sir, there's no man alive will do't so cheap</p>
+<p>As I shall do it for the ready cash,"</p>
+<p>Says I, to put him from it with a joke.</p>
+<p>"I'll charge you, then, one-fourth part of a farthing</p>
+<p>For every cubic foot of work I do,</p>
+<p>Doubling the charge each foot that I descend."</p>
+<p class="i2">"Doubling as you descend! Why, that of course.</p>
+<p>A quarter of a farthing each square foot&mdash;</p>
+<p>No meat, remember! Not an inch of meat,</p>
+<p>Nor drink, nor dram. You're not to trust to these.</p>
+<p>Wilt stand that bargain, Gabriel?"&mdash;"I accept."</p>
+<p class="i2">He struck it, quite o'erjoy'd. We sought the clerk,</p>
+<p>Sign'd&mdash;seal'd. He drew his purse. The clerk went on</p>
+<p>Figuring and figuring. "What a fuss you make!</p>
+<p>'Tis plain," said he, "the sum is eighteen-pence"&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">"'Tis somewhat more, sir," said the civil clerk&mdash;</p>
+<p>And held out the account. "Two hundred round,</p>
+<p>And gallant payment over." The Miser's face</p>
+<p>Assumed the cast of death's worst lineaments.</p>
+<p>His skinny jaws fell down upon his breast;</p>
+<p>He tried to speak, but his dried tongue refused</p>
+<p>Its utterance, and cluck'd upon the gum.</p>
+<p>His heart-pipes whistled with a crannell'd sound;</p>
+<p>His knell-knees plaited, and his every bone</p>
+<p>Seem'd out of joint. He raved&mdash;he cursed&mdash;he wept&mdash;</p>
+<p>But payment he refused. I have my bond,</p>
+<p>Not yet a fortnight old, and shall be paid.</p>
+<p>It broke the Miser's heart. He ate no more,</p>
+<p>Nor drank, nor spake, but groan'd until he died;</p>
+<p>This grave kill'd him, and now yearns for his bones.</p>
+<p>But worse than all. 'Tis twenty years and more</p>
+<p>Since he brought home his coffin. On that chest</p>
+<p>His eye turn'd ever and anon. It minded him,</p>
+<p>He said, of death. And as be sat by night</p>
+<p>Beside his beamless hearth, with blanket round</p>
+<p>His shivering frame, if burst of winter wind</p>
+<p>Made the door jangle, or the chimney moan,</p>
+<p>Or crannied window whistle, he would start,</p>
+<p>And turn his meagre looks upon that chest;</p>
+<p>Then sit upon't, and watch till break of day.</p>
+<p class="i2"> Old wives thought him religious&mdash;a good man!</p>
+<p>A great repentant sinner, who would leave</p>
+<p>His countless riches to sustain the poor.</p>
+<p>But mark the issue. Yesterday, at noon,</p>
+<p>Two men could scarcely move that ponderous chest</p>
+<p>To the bedside to lay the body in.</p>
+<p>They broke it sundry, and they found it framed</p>
+<p>With double bottom! All his worshipp'd gold</p>
+<p>Hoarded between the boards! O such a worm</p>
+<p>Sure never writhed beneath the dunghill's base!</p>
+<p>Fifteen feet under ground! and all his store</p>
+<p>Snug in beneath him. Such a heaven was his.</p>
+<p class="i2">Now, honest Teddy, think of such a wretch,</p>
+<p>And learn to shun his vices, one and all.</p>
+<p>Though richer than a Jew, he was more poor</p>
+<p>Than is the meanest beggar. At the cost</p>
+<p>Of other men a glutton. At his own,</p>
+<p>A starveling. A mere scrub. And such a coward,</p>
+<p>A cozener and liar&mdash;but a coward,</p>
+<p>And would have been a thief&mdash;But was a coward.</p>
+ </div> </div>
+
+<p><i>Blackwood's Magazine.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<h2>THE SELECTOR;
+AND
+LITERARY NOTICES OF
+<i>NEW WORKS.</i></h2>
+
+
+<h3>PARIS AND ITS HISTORICAL SCENES</h3>.
+
+<h4>(<i>Library of Entertaining Knowledge,
+Part 18.</i>)</h4>
+
+<p>We have little inclination to quote more
+than a few passages from the General
+View of Paris in this Number; the topographical
+portion of which, (as far as
+a four months residence there will serve
+our judgment) is eminently characteristic.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Ancient City.</i></p>
+
+<p>The Archbishop of Narbonne, writing
+in the reign of Francis I., (about 1520,)
+calls Paris even then a world rather than
+a city<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a>; yet at that period its population
+was probably not much more than the
+fifth part of what it now is; nor did the
+quantity of ground it covered bear even
+the same proportion to the immense
+space over which it has now extended.
+But in both convenience and elegance,
+Paris has made still more extraordinary
+advances since the time of Francis than
+even in population and extent. It was
+then, compared to what it now is, but
+a gloomy and incommodious fortress,
+without even the security which encompassing
+fortifications might be supposed
+to yield. Lighted only by candles placed
+here and there by the inhabitants themselves
+in their windows, it was so infested
+by thieves and assassins that hardly
+any person ventured out after dark, and
+the approach of night was the source of
+constant terror even to those who remained
+in their houses. The streets thus
+imperfectly lighted, were worse paved;
+and most of them were as dirty and narrow
+as those still to be seen in the more
+ancient part of the city. The supply of
+water was so inadequate that the severest
+miseries were sometimes suffered
+from the absolute want of that necessary
+of life, and the greatest inconveniences
+at all times from its scarcity. Finally,
+the public edifices were without splendour,
+and even the best of the private
+houses unprovided with many of what
+are now accounted the most indispensable
+accommodations. Instead of all this,
+we behold Paris now one of the very central
+seats of civilization; and although
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page412" id="page412"></a>[pg 412]</span>
+still deficient in many of the accommodations
+which supply to the necessities of
+the many instead of the luxuries of the
+few, in possession of the greater portion
+of the most important provisions which
+ingenuity has found out, whether for the
+comfort or the embellishment of existence.
+What a contrast between the
+French capital of 1831, and that Lutetia
+of the ancient Parisii, which Caesar
+found nearly nineteen hundred years ago
+occupying the little island, around which
+has since extended itself so wide a circle
+of wealth, industry, intelligence, and the
+works which these create!</p>
+
+
+<p class="center"><i>Bridges.</i></p>
+
+<p>Paris, stands, like London, on both
+banks of a river, and is thus cut into two
+great divisions, one to the north, and the
+other to the south, of the water. The
+Seine, however, is not nearly so broad
+as the Thames; and the northern and
+southern halves of Paris are not, therefore,
+by any means so much separated
+from each other, either locally, politically,
+or socially, as are the corresponding
+portions of the English metropolis.
+They form, in all respects one city.</p>
+
+<p>The Seine flows in a direction nearly
+opposite to that of the Thames, namely,
+from south-east to north-west. It preserves
+almost a perfectly straight course
+in passing through Paris, except that it
+bends considerably to the south immediately
+before leaving the town. The
+river, as it flows through the heart of
+the city, is interrupted by three small
+islands lying in succession, the two most
+westerly of which, the Ile de la Cité
+(otherwise called the Ile du Palais) and
+the Ile St. Louis, or de Notre Dame,
+are covered with streets and houses.
+The third, called the Ile Louvier, is used
+only as a depôt for fire-wood. The parts
+of the town on the opposite sides of the
+river are connected with each other, and
+with these islands, by nineteen bridges,
+thirteen of which are constructed of stone,
+and two of stone and iron: of the others
+two are chain-bridges, one is built of
+wood, and two of wood and iron. Several
+of these structures, especially the
+Pont des Arts, the Pont Louis XVI.,
+and the Pont de Jena, or de l'Ecole
+Militaire, all of which are to the west of
+the Ile du Palais, are distinguished by
+their majesty or elegance, and add much
+beauty and picturesque effect to the
+vista of the river. Excepting at one
+place where the two branches enclosing
+the Ile du Palais unite, immediately to
+the west of that island, the breadth of
+the Seine at Paris is no where greater
+than about 550 English feet, and at some
+points it is not more than half that distance
+from the one bank to the other.
+The bridges, therefore, by which the
+Seine is traversed, are not to be compared
+in point of magnitude with those
+of the Thames at London. Even the
+Pont Neuf, which connects the Ile du
+Palais with both the northern and the
+southern divisions of the city, and comprehends
+in fact two bridges, with an
+intermediate street, is shorter taken
+altogether, than Waterloo bridge by
+more than 200 feet; and the Pont Louis
+XVI., which next to the Pont Neuf is
+the longest of the Parisian stone bridges,
+measures only about 485 feet between
+the abutments, while Westminster Bridge
+measures 1223, and Waterloo Bridge
+1242 feet. It is in the <i>number</i> of its
+bridges alone, therefore, that the Seine
+is superior to the Thames.</p>
+
+
+<p class="center"><i>The Boulevards.</i></p>
+
+<p>The most remarkable feature in the
+general appearance of Paris, is the inner
+inclosure formed by the celebrated road
+called the <i>Boulevards</i>. On the north
+side of the river, the Boulevards follow
+a line nearly midway, on an average,
+between the river and the wall. The
+space which they comprehend, therefore,
+is but a small portion of that included
+within the outer boundary of the city.
+The length of this part of the road is
+about 5,200 English yards, or somewhat
+under three miles. That on the south
+side of the river is of far greater extent,
+approaching, as it does, throughout its
+whole sweep, very much closer to the
+wall, and in some parts entirely coinciding
+with it. It measures about 16,000 yards,
+or above nine miles in length. Each of
+these lines, although in reality forming
+an uninterrupted road from its commencement
+to its termination, is divided into a
+succession of parts, each having its particular
+name. The northern Boulevards
+are twelve in number, the southern
+seven. We have nothing in England
+like the Parisian Boulevards. They may
+be generally described as a road or
+street, of great breadth, along each side
+of which are planted double rows of elms.
+But these shady avenues do not present
+merely a picture of rural beauty. Rising
+as they do in the heart of a great city,
+they partake also of its artificial elegance
+and splendour, and are associated with
+all the luxuries of architectural decoration.
+Considered merely as a range of
+streets, the Boulevards are hardly rivalled
+by any other part of Paris. Those to
+the north of the river are lined on both
+sides throughout their whole extent, by
+buildings more uniformly handsome than
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page413" id="page413"></a>[pg 413]</span>
+are those of almost any other street in
+the city, and by many which may be
+even described as magnificent. Some of
+these are private residences; others are
+shops, cafés, public hotels, and theatres.
+The crowds by whom so many parts of
+these Boulevards are frequented chiefly
+give to the scene its singular liveliness
+and brilliancy. The southern Boulevards,
+though equally beautiful, are far
+from being so much the habitual resort
+of the citizens; but the walks on this
+very account, have a charm for some
+moods of mind which the others want.
+Another road, planted in a similar manner,
+has more recently been carried
+round the outside of the present walls of
+the city. It is distinguished from the
+inner Boulevards by the name of the
+<i>Boulevards Extérieurs</i>.</p>
+
+
+<p class="center"><i>Streets</i>.</p>
+
+<p>To a person accustomed to the appearance
+of the streets of London, or indeed
+of any other English town, those of the
+interior of Paris will present considerable
+novelty of aspect. The extreme
+narrowness, in the first place, of those
+in the more ancient parts of the city, and
+the great height of the houses, with
+their windows in many cases fortified by
+bars of iron, would alone give them an
+air of gloom and precaution, almost
+sufficient to impress the Englishman
+who walks through them with the feeling
+that he has been transported, not
+only into another country, but into
+another age. Even where these indications
+of the more ancient evils of Paris
+are not visible, the general aspect of the
+town shows that it has not grown with
+the growth of a free people, amongst
+whom the inequalities of rank have been
+softened down by respect to the comforts
+of all classes. Under the ancient régime,
+which was in full activity half a century
+ago, there were only two classes in Paris,
+the <i>noblesse</i>, and the <i>bourgeoisie</i>; and
+the latter, being driven into the gutters
+by the carriage-wheels of their arrogant
+masters, went by the general name of
+the <i>canaille</i>. Few of the streets even
+now have any side pavement for foot
+passengers&mdash;that invaluable accommodation
+which gives such perfect security
+to the pedestrian even in our most crowded
+and tumultuous thoroughfare. The
+causeway itself, on which walkers and
+drivers are thus mingled together in
+confusion, is often most uneven and
+rugged. The stones of which it is formed,
+about ten inches square, present each
+a convex surface, usually wet and slippery,
+so that under the most favourable
+circumstances, walking in the streets of
+Paris is anything but an agreeable exercise.
+Still farther to abridge the level
+space, the street is made to incline from
+both sides towards the centre, in order
+to form there a sort of ditch, in which
+flows a black and fetid stream. From
+the want of a proper system of drains,
+this receptacle of filth is generally sufficiently
+replenished even in the driest
+weather, to keep the whole street wet
+and dirty. Carriages, having usually
+one wheel in the midst of the kennel,
+dash about the offensive puddle in all
+directions. But the principle of a clear
+middle way, such as our English streets
+possess, is neglected in all the arrangements
+connected with those of Paris.
+Even the lights, instead of being fixed
+on posts, as ours are, at the sides, are
+suspended in the middle on ropes swung
+across, and having their opposite ends
+fastened to the walls of the houses. It
+was these ropes which the mob, in the
+Revolution of 1789, were wont to make
+use of as halters for their victims; whence
+their famous cry of <i>á la lanterne</i>, as
+they dragged them along to execution.</p>
+
+<p>The aspect of Paris by night, except
+in a few of the principal streets where
+gas has been very partially introduced,
+is singularly gloomy. The darkness is
+occasionally relieved by the brilliancy of
+a café; but in the more quiet parts of
+the town, particularly in the fashionable
+quarter of the Faubourg St. Germain, it
+is almost impossible for the pedestrian
+to direct his steps aright. It is quite
+evident that the arrangements of this
+capital have not been made for a walking
+people. This evil, however, is fast
+disappearing. Numerous <i>passages</i> have
+been constructed, within the last ten
+years, which are paved with flat stones,
+and brilliantly lighted; and the active
+and pleasure-seeking population of Paris
+crowd to these attractive and convenient
+places, to the Boulevards, or to the Palais-Royal,
+and leave the narrow and
+dirty streets principally to the few who
+keep their own carriages, or to the many
+who hire public conveyances. These
+are of various kinds; and such was the
+growing importance of the middle classes,
+that <i>fiacres</i> (so called after the sign of
+St Fiacre, at the house where they were
+first established) were in use a century
+and a half ago.</p>
+
+<p>The remainder of the Part is occupied
+with a sketch of the Revolution of 1789.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>REFORM OF EARLY PARLIAMENTS.</h3>
+
+<p>Though no language can adequately
+condemn the base subserviency of Henry's
+parliament, it may be reasonably doubted
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page414" id="page414"></a>[pg 414]</span>
+whether his reign was, in its ultimate
+consequences, injurious to public
+liberty. The immense revolutions of his
+time in property, in religion, and in the
+inheritance of the crown, never could
+have been effected without the concurrence
+of parliament. Their acquiescence
+and co-operation in the spoliation
+of property, and the condemnation of
+the innocent, tempted him to carry all
+his purposes into execution, through
+their means. Those who saw the attainders
+of queens, the alteration of an
+established religion, and the frequent
+disturbance of the regal succession, accomplished
+by acts of parliament, considered
+nothing as beyond the jurisdiction
+of so potent an assembly.<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a> If the supremacy
+was a tremendous power, it
+accustomed the people to set no bounds
+to the authority of those who bestowed
+it on the king. The omnipotence of
+parliament appeared no longer a mere
+hyperbole. Let it not be supposed,
+that to mention the good thus finally
+educed from such evils, is intended or
+calculated to palliate crimes, or to lessen
+our just abhorrence of criminals. Nothing,
+on the contrary, seems more to
+exalt the majesty of virtue than to point
+out the tendency of the moral government
+of the world, which, as in this
+instance, turns the worst enemies of all
+that is good into the laborious slaves
+of justice. Of all outward benefits,
+the most conducive to virtue as well
+as to happiness is, doubtless, popular
+and representative government. It is the
+reverse of a degradation of it to observe,
+that its establishment among us
+was perhaps partially promoted by the
+sensuality, rapacity, and cruelty of Henry
+VIII. The course of affairs is always
+so dark, the beneficial consequences of
+public events are so distant and uncertain,
+that the attempt to do evil in order
+to produce good is in men a most criminal
+usurpation.</p>
+
+<p>Some direct benefits the constitution
+owes to this reign. The act which
+established a parliamentary representation
+in so considerable a territory as
+Wales may be regarded as the principal
+reformation in the composition of the
+House of Commons since its legal maturity
+in the time of Edward I. That
+principality had been divided into twelve
+shires: of which eight were ancient,<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a>
+and four owed their origin to a statute
+of Henry's reign.<a id="footnotetag6" name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a> Knights, citizens,
+and burgesses were now directed to be
+chosen and sent to parliament from the
+shires, cities, and burghs of Wales.<a id="footnotetag7" name="footnotetag7"></a><a href="#footnote7"><sup>7</sup></a> A
+short time before, the same privileges
+were granted to the county palatine of
+Chester, of which the preamble contains
+a memorable recognition and establishment
+of the principles which are
+the basis of the elective part of our constitution.<a id="footnotetag8" name="footnotetag8"></a><a href="#footnote8"><sup>8</sup></a>
+Nearly thirty members were
+thus added to the House of Commons
+on the principle of the Chester bill:
+that is disadvantageous to a province to
+be unrepresented; that representation
+is essential to good government; and
+that those who are bound by the laws
+ought to have a reasonable share of direct
+influence on the passing of laws.
+As the practical disadvantages are only
+generally alleged, and could scarcely
+have been proved, they must have been
+inferred from the nature of a House of
+Commons. The British constitution
+was not thought to be enjoyed by a
+district till a popular representation was
+bestowed on it. Election by the people
+was regarded, not as a source of tumult,
+but as the principle most capable of
+composing disorder in territories not
+represented.&mdash;<i>Cabinet Cyclopaedia</i>, vol.
+xix. <i>Sir James Mackintosh's History of
+England</i>, vol. ii.</p>
+
+<hr class="full"/>
+
+
+<h2>THE TOPOGRAPHER.</h2>
+
+
+<h3>TRAVELLING NOTES IN SOUTH WALES.</h3>
+
+<h4>(<i>Continued from page 312.</i>)</h4>
+
+
+<p>The grounds of Penrice Castle, which
+stretch to the sea-shore, and on which
+art has embellished scenery possessing
+capabilities of a high order&mdash;are exceedingly
+picturesque and extensive.
+Penrice bears marks of having been a
+Roman station. Henry de Newburgh,
+Earl of Warwick, here defeated the
+Welsh prince, Rhys, which decided the
+fate of Gower. He was beheaded
+after the battle, whence the Welsh
+name, Pen-Rhys. On the field of battle
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page415" id="page415"></a>[pg 415]</span>
+the victor erected Penrice Castle,
+which is now certainly a striking ruin.
+On the coast near Penrice is the village
+and ruins of the Castle of Oxwich,
+now a barn&mdash;<i>sic transit!</i></p>
+
+<p>The afternoon was waxing apace&mdash;we
+had lost time in attending to our
+horses, for ostler there was none&mdash;and
+in musing amongst the simply decorated
+graves in the humble churchyard;<a id="footnotetag9" name="footnotetag9"></a><a href="#footnote9"><sup>9</sup></a>
+after discussing with great relish our
+repast of eggs and bacon, and Welsh
+ale, the best the village afforded, (by
+the way, we shall not readily forget the
+fluster of our Welsh hostess when we
+talked of dining on our arrival at the
+little hostelrie) we then rode down to
+the sea-shore, intending to cross the
+sandy beach of Oxwich, which extends
+several miles, on our return to the
+Gower Inn. The tide flows with great
+rapidity on this coast, and it had already
+advanced to the foot of a stupendous
+headland, which juts into the beach
+about half way. We waded our horses
+through the surf&mdash;but how can we do
+justice to the splendour of the scenery
+around us. The alternations of stern
+and savage beauty&mdash;the gigantic masses
+of "fantastic cliffs," and caverns, that
+have stood the combat of the mighty
+Atlantic for countless ages? Oxwich is
+almost unknown to the traveller, and
+there are few coast scenes in these
+islands that surpass it in beauty. We
+lingered long on the shore. There is a
+perpetual "jabble" against the cliffs on
+this coast&mdash;and we have seldom met
+with a soul save an aged and solitary
+fisherwoman&mdash;a study for a Bonington&mdash;pursuing
+her precarious calling of
+crab or shrimp fishing, or of pulling
+lobsters from their retreats in the savage
+cliffs.</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza">
+<p class="i10"> A holy peace,</p>
+<p>Pervades this <i>sea-shore solitude</i>&mdash;The world</p>
+<p>And all who love that world, are far away!</p><br />
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;">N.T. CARRINGTON.</span></p>
+ </div> </div>
+
+
+<p>It was getting dusk when we ascended
+from the shore, on our way homewards,
+past the wild&mdash;the truly shattered, and
+desolate ruins of Pennard Castle; which
+bear, we think, decided marks of having
+been erected long prior to the Norman
+era. The country people tell you
+its origin was supernatural; and some
+writers ascribe it to that great castle-builder,
+Henry de Newburgh. Pennard
+stands in a situation of extreme beauty,
+and deeply rivets the attention:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza">
+<p>"The stones have voices, and the walls do live,</p>
+<p>It is the House of Memory!"</p>
+<br />
+<p ><span style="margin-left: 10em;">MATAIRE.</span></p> </div> </div>
+
+
+<p>Our favourite mare and her companion
+were in high spirits, (horses are
+generally so on returning) exhilarated
+by the rapid motion; and our hearts
+elate with the "songs of spring," we
+returned home on as sweet an April
+evening as ever blessed man.</p>
+
+<p>Another interesting excursion maybe
+made to Cefyn-bryn, the most elevated
+hill in the district, about twelve miles
+from Swansea. The road to Western
+Gower is carried over it; the summit
+is level, and a carriage may be driven in
+safety for a couple of miles to the
+southern point; which commands, on a
+clear day, in one direction, a vast and
+unbounded view of the Bristol Channel,
+the whitened houses of Ilfracombe, with
+the hills of Devon and Somerset, Lundy
+Island, and the scenery of Swansea Bay.
+And on the reverse of the picture, almost
+the whole peninsula of Gower, the
+extensive estuary of the Burry River,
+and part of the beautiful expanse of the
+County and Bay of Carmarthen, is
+spread out like a map before you. King
+Arthur's Stone, an immense rock of
+<i>lapis molaris</i>, twenty tons weight, supported
+by a circle of others&mdash;the remains
+of Druidism&mdash;invites the attention
+of the antiquary, on the north-west
+point of Cefyn-bryn. We may here remark
+that this district, especially the
+coast, offers a rich harvest to the geologist.
+The general substratum of the
+peninsula is limestone and marble,
+bounded to the north by an immense
+iron and coalfield. The limestone stratum
+is continually "cropping out" in the interior,
+and of course it can be worked
+at a trifling expense. This may account
+for the general healthiness of the district.
+Though rain in consequence of
+the western exposure, falls frequently,
+and sometimes with great violence, yet
+it speedily runs off, leaving none of the
+bad effects which would be produced in
+a tenacious soil. Marble of valuable
+quality is worked at Oystermouth.</p>
+
+<p>But we must hasten to close our Notes
+on Gower&mdash;<i>to proceed with our circuit
+of the coast:&mdash;West from Oxwich is
+Porteyron</i>, where there is an extensive
+lobster and oyster fishery, near which
+is Landewy Castle. There is a wonderful
+precipice here. Further west we
+come to the village of Rossilly, near the
+Worms-Head, the termination of a range
+of rocks, which form the western point
+of the peninsula, being connected with
+it by a low isthmus. It extends more
+than a mile into the ocean, and at half-flood
+becomes an island. The name
+arose by mariners comparing it to a
+worm with its head erect, between the
+Nass Point and St. Gower's Head, in
+Pembrokeshire. The scenery here is
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page416" id="page416"></a>[pg 416]</span>
+deeply interesting. This wild and desolate
+coast has proved fatal to numberless
+ships; the recent erection of the
+light-house on Caldy Island, near Tenby,
+on the opposite point of Carmarthen
+Bay, has, however, been most important.
+Several Indiamen have been wrecked
+here, and about fifty years since, a
+quantity of Spanish dollars, date 1625,
+were found amongst the sand, when the
+tide had receded unusually far, supposed
+to be part of the cargo of the "Scanderoon
+galley" lost on this coast nearly
+two centuries ago. This would do for
+the "Vigo Bay Company." We proceed
+along the western shore of Carmarthen
+Bay, till we pass Whitford
+Point, a singular <i>peninsula of sand</i>,
+covered with reeds, which stands the
+fury of the tide, forming one side of
+the wide estuary of Barry, along the
+coast of which we pass a Roman encampment
+at Llanmadoc&mdash;the striking
+Castle of Llanridian, and other ruins,
+as we return eastward to Swansea; till
+we arrive at the village&mdash;we forget ourselves,
+the <i>Borough</i> of Castell Llwchyr,
+or Loughor, the <i>Leucarum</i> of Antoninus,
+and the fifth Roman station on the
+<i>Via Julia</i>. It is seven miles from
+Swansea. Upon a mount, the supposed
+work of the Romans, is a square tower,
+the remains of a castle built by Henry,
+Earl of Warwick. Three miles to the
+east are two Roman encampments; many
+Roman coins have been found at Loughor,
+from whence there is a ferry to the
+Carmarthenshire side opposite, which
+is fordable at low water. There is a
+large colliery here. It is a delightful
+sail from this village down the Burry
+River to Whitford Point, or round the
+coast to Worms-Head.</p>
+
+<h4>VYVYAN.</h4>
+
+<hr class="full"/>
+
+
+<h2>THE GATHERER.</h2>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+"A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles."</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 8em;">SHAKSPEARE.</span></p></blockquote>
+
+
+<p><i>The following curious letter was found
+among the papers of a Mr. Goldwyre,
+Surgeon, of Salisbury.</i></p>
+
+<p>To Mr. Edward Goldwyre, at his house
+on the Close of Salisbury.</p>
+
+<p>Sir,&mdash;Being informed that you are
+the only surgeon in this city (or country)
+that anatomises men, and I being under
+the present unhappy circumstances, and
+in a very mean condition, would gladly
+live as long as I can, but by all appearances
+I am to be executed next March,
+but having no friends on earth that will
+speak a word to save my life, nor send
+me a morsel of bread to keep life and
+soul together until that fatal day; so if
+you will vouchsafe to come hither, I
+will gladly sell you my body (being
+whole and sound) to be ordered at your
+discretion, knowing that it will rise
+again at the general resurrection, as well
+from your house as from the grave.
+Your answer will highly oblige, yours,
+&amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>JAMES BROOKE.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>Fisherton-Auger Gaol</i>,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>Oct</i>. 3, 1736.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p>A farmer walking out one day, by
+chance met Jack Ketch, and jocosely
+asked him whether he could tell him the
+difference between their trades. "That
+I can," said Jack, "the only difference
+is <i>utility</i>&mdash;you till, I tie."</p>
+
+<h4>WALTER.</h4>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p>What is the most suitable motto for a
+doctor's carriage? Live or die.</p>
+
+<p>Why is the <i>carver</i> in a cook-shop like
+a naval officer? Because he commands
+a <i>cutter</i>.</p>
+
+<h4>W.G.C.</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>EPITAPHS.</h3>
+
+<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza">
+<p>Here lies poor Thomas, and his Wife,</p>
+<p>Who led a pretty jarring life;</p>
+<p>But all is ended&mdash;do you see?</p>
+<p>He holds his tongue, and so does she.</p>
+ </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>If drugs and physic could but save</p>
+<p>Us mortals from the dreary grave,</p>
+<p>'Tis known that I took full enough</p>
+<p>Of the apothecaries' stuff</p>
+<p>To have prolong'd life's busy feast</p>
+<p>To a full century at least;</p>
+<p>But spite of all the doctors' skill,</p>
+<p>Of daily draught and nightly pill,</p>
+<p>Reader, as sure as you're alive,</p>
+<p>I was sent here at twenty-five.</p>
+ </div> </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>FOR ALL FAMILIES.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">This Day, Second Edition, price 5s.</p>
+
+<p class="center">FAMILY MANUAL and SERVANTS' GUIDE,</p>
+
+<p>With upwards of One Thousand New and Approved
+Receipts, arranged and adapted for Families
+and all Classes of Servants.</p>
+
+<p>"We shall recommend this book every where,
+if it were only for the sake of the excellent suggestions
+on the 'self-improvement' of house-servants."&mdash;<i>Gardeners'
+Magazine</i>, June 1830.</p>
+
+<p>"It should find a place in the kitchen or servants'
+hall of those who desire to blend comfort
+with elegance, and prudence with luxury."&mdash;<i>New
+Monthly Magazine</i>, Feb. 1831.</p>
+
+<p>"This book contains a mass of information
+that cannot fail to be useful in the conduct of
+household affairs."&mdash;<i>Atlas</i>, May 22.</p>
+
+<p>"No servant should he without it."&mdash;<i>Morning
+Advertiser</i>, April 27.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Printed for JOHN LIMBIRD, 143. Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href="#footnotetag1"> (return) </a><p>Ballot Newspaper.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a href="#footnotetag2"> (return) </a><p>It must not be supposed that the opinion on
+the immortality of the soul was confined either
+to Christians or Jews; according to Herodotus,
+(lib. 2) the Massagetae believed in the immortality
+of the soul; the most eminent of the ancient
+philosophers invariably advocated that doctrine,
+one of the most important in the Christian's
+Creed.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a href="#footnotetag3"> (return) </a><p>Felibien, Histoire de Paris, tome i.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a href="#footnotetag4"> (return) </a><p>The observations of Nathaniel Bacon, or
+rather of Selden from whose MS. notes he is
+said to have written his book, deserve serious
+consideration. Bacon on the Laws and Government
+of England, chap. 27.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote5" name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a href="#footnotetag5"> (return) </a><p>Glamorgan, Carmarthen, Pembroke, Cardigan,
+Flint, Carnarvon, Anglesea and Merioneth.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote6" name="footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b><a href="#footnotetag6"> (return) </a><p>Radnor, Brecknock, Montgomery, and Denbigh,
+27 Henry 8 c. 26.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote7" name="footnote7"></a><b>Footnote 7:</b><a href="#footnotetag7"> (return) </a><p>34 and 35 Henry 8. c. 26. s. 50.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote8" name="footnote8"></a><b>Footnote 8:</b><a href="#footnotetag8"> (return) </a><p>34 and 35 Henry 8. c. 13.&mdash;"That the said
+county have hitherto been excluded from the
+high court of parliament, to have any knights
+and burgesses within the said court, by reason
+whereof the inhabitants have sustained manifold
+damages in their lands, goods, and bodies, as
+well as in the good governance of the commonwealth
+of their said country; and for as much as
+they have been bound by the acts of the said
+court, and yet have had no knights and burgesses
+therein, for lack whereof they have been
+often touched and grieved by the acts of the said
+parliament, prejudicial to the commonwealth,
+quietness, rest, and peace of your highness's
+bounden subjects, inhabiting within the said
+county," &amp;c.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote9" name="footnote9"></a><b>Footnote 9:</b><a href="#footnotetag9"> (return) </a><p>See <i>Mirror</i>, vol. xvi. p. 253.</p></blockquote>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143,
+Strand, (near Somerset House,) London; sold
+by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market,
+Leipsic; G.G. BENNIS, 55, Rue Neuve, St.
+Augustin, Paris; and by all Newsmen and
+Booksellers.</i></p>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13090 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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