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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12898 ***
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XIII, No. 358.] SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1829. [PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+[Illustration: YORK TERRACE, REGENT'S PARK.]
+
+YORK TERRACE,
+
+REGENT'S PARK.
+
+
+If the reader is anxious to illustrate any political position with the
+"signs of the times," he has only to start from Waterloo-place, (thus
+commencing with a glorious reminiscence,) through Regent-street and
+Portland-place, and make the architectural tour of the Regent's Park.
+Entering the park from the New Road by York Gate, one of the first
+objects for his admiration will be _York Terrace_, a splendid range of
+private residences, which has the appearance of an unique palace. This
+striking effect is produced by all the entrances being in the rear, where
+the vestibules are protected by large porches. All the doors and windows
+in the principal front represented in the engraving are uniform, and
+appear like a suite of princely apartments, somewhat in the style of a
+little Versailles. This idea is assisted by the gardens having no
+divisions.
+
+The architecture of the building is Græco-Italian. It consists of an
+entrance or ground story, with semicircular headed windows and rusticated
+piers. A continued pedestal above the arches of these windows runs
+through the composition, divided between the columns into balustrades, in
+front of the windows of the principal story, to which they form handsome
+balconies. The elegant windows of this and the principal chamber story
+are of the Ilissus Ionic, and are decorated with a colonnade, completed
+with a well-proportioned entablature from the same beautiful order. Mr.
+Elmes, in his critical observations on this terrace, thinks the attic
+story "too irregular to accompany so chaste a composition as the Ionic,
+to which it forms a crown;" he likewise objects to the cornice and
+blocking-course, as being "also too small in proportion for the majesty
+of the lower order."
+
+York Terrace is from the design of Mr. Nash, whose genius not
+unfrequently strays into such errors as our architectural critic has
+pointed out.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+VALENTINE CUSTOMS.
+
+_(To the Editor of the Mirror.)_
+
+
+As some of the customs described by your correspondent W.H.H.[1] are left
+unaccounted for, I suppose any one is at liberty to sport a few
+conjectures on the subject. May not, for instance, the practice of
+burning the "_holly boy_" have its origin in some of those rustic
+incantations described by Theocritus as the means of recalling a truant
+lover, or of warming a cold one; and thus translated:--
+
+    [1] See No. 356 of the MIRROR, "Valentine's Day."
+
+  "First Delphid injured me, he raised my flame,
+  And now I burn this bough in Delphid's name."
+
+Virgil, too, in his 8th Eclogue, alludes to the same charm:--
+
+  "Sparge molam, et fragiles incende bitumine lauros;
+  Daphnis me malus urit, ego hanc in Daphnide laurum."
+
+  "Next in the fire the bays with brimstone burn,
+  And whilst it crackles in the sulphur, say,
+  This I for Daphnis burn, thus Daphnis burn away."
+                                   DRYDEN.
+
+The _"holly bush"_ being made to represent the person beloved, may also
+be borrowed from the ancients:--
+
+  -------------------"Terque hæc altaria circum
+  _Effigiem_ duco."
+                                      VIRGIL.
+
+  "Thrice round the altar I the image draw."
+
+The burning wax candles may be more difficult to account for, unless it
+refer to the custom of melting wax in order to mollify the beloved one's
+heart:--
+
+  "As this devoted wax melts o'er the fire,
+  Let Myndian Delphis melt with soft desire."
+                                    THEOCRITUS.
+
+  ---------------"Hæc ut cera liquescit."
+  -------------"Sic nostro Daphnis amore."
+                                   VIRGIL.
+
+For a woman to compose a garland was always considered an indication of
+her being in love. Aristophanes says,
+
+  "The wreathing garlands in a woman is
+  The usual symptom of a love-sick mind."
+
+Should the charms resorted to by lovers two thousand years ago, appear to
+you, even remotely, to have influenced the love rites as performed by the
+village men and maidens of the present day, perhaps you may deem this
+string of quotations worthy of a corner in your amusing miscellany.
+
+E.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LINES
+
+_On the Sarcophagus[2] which contains the remains of Nelson in St. Paul's
+Cathedral._
+
+_(For the Mirror.)_
+
+
+  To mark th' excess of priestly pow'r
+  To keep in mind that gorgeous hour,
+  Thou art no Popish monument,
+  Altho' by Wolsey thou wer't sent,
+  From thine own native Italy
+  To tell where his proud ashes lie.
+  To thee a nobler part is given!
+  A prouder task design'd by heav'n!
+  'Tis thine the sea chief's grave to shroud,
+  Idol and wonder of the crowd!
+  The bravest heart that ever stood
+  The shock of battle on the flood!
+  The stoutest arm that ever led
+  A warrior o'er the ocean's bed!
+  Whose name long dreaded on the sea
+  Alone secured the victory!
+  His Britain sea-girt stood alone,
+  Whilst all the earth was heard to moan,
+  Beneath war's iron--iron rod,
+  Trusting in Nelson as her god.--CYMBELINE.
+
+    [2] See MIRROR, No. 306, p 234.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+COINAGE OF THE ANCIENT BRITONS.
+
+_(For the Mirror.)_
+
+
+In 1749, a considerable number of gold coins were discovered on the top
+of Karnbre, in Cornwall, which are clearly proved to have belonged to the
+ancient Britons. The figures that were first stamped on the coins of all
+nations were those of oxen, horses, sheep, &c. It may, therefore, be
+concluded, that the coins of any country which have only the figures of
+cattle stamped on them, and perhaps of trees, representing the woods in
+which their cattle pastured,--were the most ancient coins of the country.
+Some of the gold coins found at Karnbre, and described by Dr. Borlase,
+are of this kind, and may be justly esteemed the most ancient of our
+British coins. Sovereigns soon became aware of the importance of money,
+and took the fabrication of it under their own direction, ordering their
+own heads to be impressed on one side of the coins, while the figure of
+some animal still continued to be stamped on the other. Of this kind are
+some of the Karnbre coins, with a royal head on one side, and a horse on
+the other. When the knowledge and use of letters were once introduced
+into any country, it would not be long before they appeared on its coins,
+expressing the names of the princes whose heads were stamped on them.
+This was a very great improvement in the art of coining, and gave an
+additional value to the money, by preserving the memories of princes, and
+giving light to history. Our British ancestors were acquainted with this
+improvement before they were subdued by the Romans, as several coins of
+ancient Britain have very plain and perfect inscriptions, and on that
+account merit particular attention.
+
+INA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANIMAL FOOD.
+
+_(For the Mirror.)_
+
+
+It is generally allowed, that a profusion of animal food has a tendency
+to vitiate and debase the nature and dispositions of men;
+notwithstanding, the lovers of flesh urge the names of many of the most
+eminent in literature and science, in opposition to this assertion.
+
+Plutarch attributed the stupidity of his countrymen, the Boeotians, to
+the profusion of animal food which they consumed, and even now, our
+lovely, soup drinking, coffee sipping friends on the continent, attribute
+the saturnine, melancholy, and bearish dispositions of John Bull, to his
+partiality for,
+
+  "The famous roast-beef of Old England."
+
+A facetious, philosophical, friend of mine, lately amused me with some
+remarks, on the nature and properties of different kinds of food. "We
+know," said he, "that one herb produces _this_ effect, and another
+_that_; that different species and varieties of plants have different
+virtues; and, why may we not infer that the same rule extends to animated
+nature; that our fish, flesh, and fowl, not only serve as nutriment, but
+that each kind possesses peculiar and individual properties."
+
+This will account for the _piggish_ habits and propensities so
+conspicuous in the inhabitants of certain places in England, and whose
+partiality for _swine's flesh_, is proverbial. The _sheepish_ manners of
+our students and school-boys, may also be attributed to the _mutton_ so
+generally alloted to them. I might continue my observations, _ad
+infinitum_. I might say, that the _wisdom of the goose_ was discoverable
+in--whose love of that, "most abused of God's creatures," is well known:
+and that the sea-side predilections of a certain Bart., of festive
+notoriety, were occasioned by his partiality for turtle.
+
+QUÆSITOR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WHITEHALL.
+
+MARRIAGE OF ANNE BOLEYN
+
+_(For the Mirror)_
+
+
+The extraordinary revolution which took place in our religious
+institutions in the time of Henry VIII., has rendered his reign one of
+the most important in the annals of ecclesiastical history. For the great
+changes at that glorious æra, the reformation, when the clouds of
+ignorance and superstition were dispelled, we are principally indebted to
+the beauteous, but unfortunate Anne Boleyn, whose influence with the
+haughty monarch, was the chief cause of the abolition of the papal
+supremacy in England; one of the greatest blessings ever bestowed by a
+monarch on his country. Intimately associated with, and the principal
+scene of these important events, was the ancient palace of Whitehall,[3]
+which Henry, into whose possession it came on the premunire of Wolsey,
+considerably enlarged and beautified, changing its name from that of York
+Place, to the one by which it is still designated.
+
+    [3] WHITEHALL was originally erected in the year 1243, by Hubert
+        de Burgh, Earl of Kent, who bequeathed it to the House of the
+        Blackfriars, near "_Oldborne_," where he was buried. It was
+        afterwards purchased by Walter Gray, Archbishop of York, who made
+        it his town residence, and at his death, left it to that See,
+        whence it acquired the name of _York House_. Cardinal Wolsey, on
+        his preferment to the Archbishoprick of York, resided here, in
+        great state; but on his premunire it was forfeited (or as some
+        authors assert had been previously given by him,) to the king.
+        Henry VIII. made it his principal residence, and greatly enlarged
+        it, the ancient and royal palace of Westminster having fallen to
+        decay; at the same time he enclosed the adjoining park of St.
+        James's, which appertained to this palace as well as to that of
+        St. James's, which that monarch had erected on the site of an
+        ancient hospital, founded before the conquest for "leprous
+        sisters." For some curious details of Wolsey's magnificence and
+        ostentation during his residence at York Place, we refer the
+        reader to the second volume of Mr. Brayley's _Londiniana_.
+
+In this building, an event, the most important, in its consequences,
+recorded in the history of any country, took place,--the marriage of Anne
+Boleyn, who had been created Countess of Pembroke, with the "stern
+Harry." The precise period of these nuptials, owing to the secrecy with
+which they were performed, is involved in considerable obscurity, and has
+given rise to innumerable controversies among historians; the question
+not being even to this hour satisfactorily decided as to whether they
+were solemnized in the month of _November_, 1532, or in that of
+_January_, 1533. Hall,[4] Holinshed,[5] and Grafton, whose authority
+several of our more modern historians[6] have followed, place it on the
+14th of November, 1532, the Feast Day of St. Erkenwald; but Stow[7]
+informs us, that it was celebrated on the 25th of January 1533; and his
+assertion bears considerable weight, being corroborated by a letter from
+Archbishop Cranmer, dated "the xvij daye of June," 1533, from his "manor
+of Croydon," to Hawkyns, the embassador at the emperor's court. In this
+letter the prelate says, "she was marid muche about _St. Paules daye_
+last, as the condicion thereof dothe well appere by reason she ys now
+sumwhat bygg with chylde."[8] This statement, coming as it does from so
+authentic a source, and coinciding with the accounts of Stow, Wyatt,[9]
+and Godwin[10] may, we think, be regarded as the most correct. Her
+marriage was not made known until the following Easter, when it was
+publicly proclaimed, and preparations made for her coronation, which was
+conducted with extraordinary magnificence in Whitsuntide. Her becoming
+pregnant soon after her marriage "gave great satisfaction to the king,
+and was regarded by the people as a strong proof of the queen's former
+modesty and virtue."[11] This latter circumstance, however, has not met
+with that consideration among historians which it appears to merit; for
+we must remember that Elizabeth was born on the 7th of the following
+September, an event, which would perhaps rather tend to confirm the
+opinion of Hall, in contradiction to that of Stow, if, indeed, Anne had
+been proof against the advances of Henry, previous to their marriage,
+which some writers have doubted.
+
+    [4] Hall's "Chronicle," p. 794. edit. 1809.
+
+    [5] Holinshed says, "he married priuilie the Lady Anne Bullougne
+        the same daie, being the _14th daie of Nouember_, and the feast
+        daie of Saint Erkenwald; which marriage was kept so secret, that
+        verie few knew it till Easter next insuing, when it was perceiued
+        that she was with child."--"Chronicles," vol. iii. p. 929. edit.
+        1587.
+
+    [6] Hume and Henry place the marriage in November. Lingard and
+        Sharon Turner in January.
+
+    [7] Vide Stow's "Annals," by Howes, p. 562. edit. 1633. "King
+        Henry priuily married the Lady Anne Boleigne on the fiue and
+        twentieth of January, being _St. Paul's daie_: Mistresse Anne
+        Sauage bore vp Queene Annes traine, and was herselfe shortly
+        after marryed to the Lord Barkley. Doctor Rowland Lee, that
+        marryed the King to Queene Anne, was made Bishop of Chester, then
+        Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, and President of Wales."
+
+    [8] Harleian MSS. No. 6148. This letter is quoted by Burnet in
+        the first volume of his "History of the Reformation:" it may be
+        found printed entire in the eighteenth volume of the
+        "Archæologia:" and also in the second volume of Ellis's "Original
+        Letters," first series, p. 33. The MS. consists of a rough
+        copy-book of the Archbishop's letters, in his own hand writing.
+
+    [9] Wyatt's Life of "Queen Anne Boleigne." Vide Appendix to
+        Cavendish's "Life of Wolsey," by Singer, vol. ii. p. 200. This
+        interesting memoir was written at the close of the sixteenth
+        century, (with the view of subverting the calumnies of Sanders,)
+        by George Wyatt, Esq, grandson of the poet of the same name, and
+        sixth son and heir of Sir Thomas Wyatt, who was decapitated in
+        the reign of Queen Mary, for his insurrection.
+
+   [10] "Annales," p. 51. edit. 1616. "Ulterioris moræ perlæsus
+        Rex, Boleniam suam iam tandem Januarij 25, duxit uxorem, sed
+        clauculum, & paucissimis testibus adhibitis." Polydor Virgil
+        makes no mention of the period of the marriage, he only says, "in
+        matrimonium duxit Annam Bulleyne, quam paulò antè amare cæperat.
+        ex quâ suscepit filiam nomine Elizabeth." p. 689. edit. 1570.
+
+   [11] Hume's "History of England," vol. iv. p 3.
+
+Lingard, whose History is now in the course of publication, intimates
+that the ceremony was performed "in a garret, at the western end of the
+palace of Whitehall;"[12] this, however, when we consider the haughty
+character of Henry, is totally improbable, and rests entirely on the
+authority of one solitary manuscript. There is no reason, however, to
+doubt but that they were married in some apartment in that palace, and
+most probably in the king's private closet.[13] Dr. Rowland Lee, one of
+the royal chaplains, and afterwards Bishop of Coventry officiated, in the
+presence only of the Duke of Norfolk, uncle to the Lady Anne, and her
+father, mother, and brother. Lord Herbert,[14] whose authority has been
+quoted by Hume, says, that Cranmer was also present, but this is
+undoubtedly an error, as that prelate had only just then returned from
+Germany, and was not informed of the circumstance until two weeks
+afterwards, as appears from the following passage in his letter to
+Hawkyns, before quoted:--"Yt hath bin reported thorowte a greate parte of
+the realme that I married her; which was playnly false, for I myself knew
+not thereof a fortenyght after it was donne."
+
+   [12] Lingard's "History of England," vol. iv. p. 190. 4to edit.
+
+   [13] Vide Speed's "Annals," p. 1029.
+
+   [14] "Life and Raigne of Henry the Eighth," p. 341. edit. 1649.
+
+It may not, perhaps, prove uninteresting to our readers, or quite
+irrelevant to the subject, to close this brief account of the marriage of
+Anne Boleyn, with the copy of a letter from that queen to "Squire
+Josselin, upon ye birth of Q. Elizabth," preserved among the manuscripts
+in the British Museum.[15]
+
+   [15] Harleian MSS. No. 787.
+
+"By the Queen--Trusty and well beloved wee greet you well. And whereas it
+hath pleased ye goodness of Almighty God of his infinite mercy and grace
+to send unto vs at this tyme good speed in ye deliverance and bringing
+forth of a Princess to ye great joye and inward comfort of my lord. Us,
+and of all his good and loving subjects of this his realme ffor ye which
+his inestimable beneuolence soe shewed unto vs. We have noe little cause
+to give high thankes, laude and praysing unto our said Maker, like as we
+doe most lowly, humbly, and wth all ye inward desire of our heart. And
+inasmuch as wee undoubtedly trust yt this our good is to you great
+pleasure, comfort, and consolacion; wee therefore by these our Lrs
+aduertise you thereof, desiring and heartily praying you to give wth vs
+unto Almighty God, high thankes, glory, laud, and praising, and to pray
+for ye good health, prosperity, and continuall preservation of ye sd
+Princess accordingly. Yeoven under our Signett at my Lds Manner of
+Greenwch,[16] ye 7th day of September, in ye 25th yeare of my said Lds
+raigne, An. Dno. 1533."
+
+S.I.B.
+
+   [16] Queen Elizabeth was born at the ancient Palace of
+        Greenwich, or as it was then called, "the Manner of Plesaunce,"
+        one of the favourite residences of Henry VIII.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+MEMORABLE DAYS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+COLLOP MONDAY.
+
+
+Collop Monday is the day before Shrove Tuesday, and in many parts is made
+a day of great feasting on account of the approaching Lent. It is so
+called, because it was the last day allowed for eating animal food before
+Lent; and our ancestors cut up their fresh meat into collops, or steaks,
+for salting or hanging up until Lent was over; and even now in many
+places it is still a custom to have eggs and collops, or slices of bacon,
+for dinner on this day.
+
+In Westmoreland, and particularly at Brough, where I have witnessed it
+many times, the good people kill a great many pigs about a week or two
+previous to Lent, which have been carefully fattened up for the occasion.
+The good housewife is busily occupied in salting the flitches and hams to
+hang up in the "pantry," and in cutting the fattest parts of the pig for
+collops on this day. The most luscious cuts are baked in a pot in an
+oven, and the fat poured out into a bladder, as it runs out of the meat,
+for hog's-lard. When all the lard has been drained off, the remains
+(which are called _cracklings_, being then baked quite crisp) resemble
+the crackling on a leg of pork, are eaten with potatoes, and from the
+quantity of salt previously added to them, to preserve the lard, are
+unpalatable to many mouths. The rough farmers' men, however, devour them
+as a savoury dish, and every time "lard" is being made, _cracklings_ are
+served up for the servants' dinner. Indeed, even the more respectable
+classes partake of this dish.
+
+PIG-FRY--This is a Collop Monday dish, and is a necessary appendage to
+"_cracklings_." It consists of the fattest parts of the entrails of the
+pig, broiled in an oven. Numerous herbs, spices, &c. are added to it; and
+upon the whole, it is a more sightly "_course_" at table than fat
+cracklings. Sometimes the good wife indulges her house with a pancake, as
+an assurance that she has not forgotten to provide for Shrove Tuesday.
+The servants are also treated with "a drop of something good" on this
+occasion; and are allowed (if they have nothing of importance to require
+their immediate attention) to spend the afternoon in conviviality.
+
+AVVER BREAD.--During Lent, in the same county, a great quantity of bread,
+called avver bread, is made. It is of _oats_, leavened and kneaded into a
+large, thin, round cake, which is placed upon a "_girdle_"[17] over the
+fire. The bread is about the thickness of a "lady's" slice of bread and
+butter.
+
+   [17] Rutherglen, in Lanarkshire, has also long been celebrated
+        for baking _sour cakes_--_See_ vol. X. MIRROR, p 316.--I am of
+        opinion these cakes are of precisely the same make and origin as
+        those to which the writer alludes under the above name of "_sour
+        cakes_," which I presume he must have forgotten the name of. I
+        should have mentioned, that when these cakes (for they are
+        frequently called _avver cakes_) are baked, the fire must be of
+        wood; they never bake them over any other fire. These cakes are
+        of a remarkably strong, sour taste. I should further note, that
+        the _girdle_ is attached to a "crane" affixed in the chimney.
+
+I am totally unable to give a definition of the word _avver_, and should
+feel much gratified by any correspondent's elucidation. I think _P.T.W_.
+may possibly assist me on this point; and if so, I shall be much obliged.
+There is an evident corruption in it. I have sometimes thought that avver
+means oaten, although I have no other authority than from knowing the
+strange pronunciation given to other words.
+
+W.H.H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE CONTEMPORARY TRAVELLER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DESCRIPTION OF MEKKA.
+
+
+Mekka maybe styled a handsome town; its streets are in general broader
+than those of eastern cities; the houses lofty, and built of stone; and
+the numerous windows that face the streets give them a more lively and
+European aspect than those of Egypt or Syria, where the houses present
+but few windows towards the exterior. Mekka (like Djidda) contains many
+houses three stories high; few at Mekka are white-washed; but the dark
+grey colour of the stone is much preferable to the glaring white that
+offends the eye in Djidda. In most towns of the Levant the narrowness of
+a street contributes to its coolness; and in countries where
+wheel-carriages are not used, a space that allows two loaded camels to
+pass each other is deemed sufficient. At Mekka, however, it was necessary
+to leave the passages wide, for the innumerable visiters who here crowd
+together; and it is in the houses adapted for the reception of pilgrims
+and other sojourners, that the windows are so contrived as to command a
+view of the streets.
+
+The city is open on every side; but the neighbouring mountains, if
+properly defended, would form a barrier of considerable strength against
+an enemy. In former times it had three walls to protect its extremities;
+one was built across the valley, at the street of Mala; another at the
+quarter of Shebeyka; and the third at the valley opening into the
+Mesfale. These walls were repaired in A.H. 816 and 828, and in a century
+after some traces of them still remained.
+
+The only public place in the body of the town is the ample square of the
+great mosque; no trees or gardens cheer the eye; and the scene is
+enlivened only during the Hadj by the great number of well stored shops
+which are found in every quarter. Except four or five large houses
+belonging to the Sherif, two _medreses_ or colleges (now converted into
+corn magazines,) and the mosque, with some buildings and schools attached
+to it, Mekka cannot boast of any public edifices, and in this respect
+is, perhaps, more deficient than any other eastern city of the same size.
+Neither khans, for the accommodation of travellers, or for the deposit of
+merchandize, nor palaces of grandees, nor mosques, which adorn every
+quarter of other towns in the East, are here to be seen; and we may
+perhaps attribute this want of splendid buildings to the veneration which
+its inhabitants entertain for their temple; this prevents them from
+constructing any edifice which might possibly pretend to rival it.
+
+The houses have windows looking towards the street; of these many project
+from the wall, and have their frame-work elaborately carved, or gaudily
+painted. Before them hang blinds made of slight reeds, which exclude
+flies and gnats while they admit fresh air. Every house has its terrace,
+the floor of which (composed of a preparation from lime-stone) is built
+with a slight inclination, so that the rain-water runs off through
+gutters into the street; for the rains here are so irregular that it is
+not worth while to collect the water of them in cisterns, as is done in
+Syria. The terraces are concealed from view by slight parapet walls; for
+throughout the east, it is reckoned discreditable that a man should
+appear upon the terrace, whence he might be accused of looking at women
+in the neighbouring houses, as the females pass much of their time on the
+terraces, employed in various domestic occupations, such as drying corn,
+hanging up linen, &c. The Europeans of Aleppo alone enjoy the privilege
+of frequenting their terraces, which are often beautifully built of
+stone; here they resort during the summer evenings, and often to sup and
+pass the night. All the houses of the Mekkawys, except those of the
+principal and richest inhabitants, are constructed for the accommodation
+of lodgers, being divided into many apartments, separated from each
+other, and each consisting of a sitting-room and a small kitchen. Since
+the pilgrimage, which has begun to decline, (this happened before the
+Wahaby conquest,) many of the Mekkawys, no longer deriving profit from
+the letting of their lodgings, found themselves unable to afford the
+expense of repairs; and thus numerous buildings in the out-skirts have
+fallen completely into ruin, and the town itself exhibits in every street
+houses rapidly decaying. I saw only one of recent construction; it was in
+the quarter of El Shebeyka, belonged to a Sherif, and cost, as report
+said, one hundred and fifty purses; such a house might have been built at
+Cairo for sixty purses.
+
+The streets are all unpaved; and in summer time the sand and dust in them
+are as great a nuisance as the mud is in the rainy season, during which
+they are scarcely passable after a shower; for in the interior of the
+town the water does not run off, but remains till it is dried up. It may
+be ascribed to the destructive rains, which, though of shorter duration
+than in other tropical countries, fall with considerable violence, that
+no ancient buildings are found in Mekka. The mosque itself has undergone
+so many repairs under different sultans, that it may be called a modern
+structure; and of the houses, I do not think there exists one older than
+four centuries; it is not, therefore, in this place, that the traveller
+must look for interesting specimens of architecture or such beautiful
+remains of Saracenic structures as are still admired in Syria, Egypt,
+Barbary, and Spain. In this respect the ancient and far-famed Mekka is
+surpassed by the smallest provincial towns of Syria or Egypt. The same
+may be said with respect to Medina, and I suspect that the towns of Yemen
+are generally poor in architectural remains.
+
+Mekka is deficient in those regulations of police which are customary in
+Eastern cities. The streets are totally dark at night, no lamps of any
+kind being lighted; its different quarters are without gates, differing
+in this respect also from most Eastern towns, where each quarter is
+regularly shut up after the last evening prayers. The town may therefore
+be crossed at any time of the night, and the same attention is not paid
+here to the security of merchants, as well as of husbands, (on whose
+account principally, the quarters are closed,) as in Syrian or Egyptian
+towns of equal magnitude. The dirt and sweepings of the houses are cast
+into the streets, where they soon become dust or mud according to the
+season. The same custom seems to have prevailed equally in ancient times;
+for I did not perceive in the skirts of the town any of those heaps of
+rubbish which are usually found near the large towns of Turkey.
+
+With respect to water, the most important of all supplies, and that which
+always forms the first object of inquiry among Asiatics, Mekka is not
+much better provided than Djidda; there are but few cisterns for
+collecting rain, and the well-water is so brackish that it is used only
+for culinary purposes, except during the time of the pilgrimage, when the
+lowest class of hadjys drink it. The famous well of Zemzem, in the great
+mosque, is indeed sufficiently copious to supply the whole town; but,
+however holy, its water is heavy to the taste and impedes digestion; the
+poorer classes besides have not permission to fill their water-skins with
+it at pleasure. The best water in Mekka is brought by a conduit from the
+vicinity of Arafat, six or seven hours distant. The present government,
+instead of constructing similar works, neglects even the repairs and
+requisite cleansing of this aqueduct. It is wholly built of stone; and
+all those parts of it which appear above ground, are covered with a thick
+layer of stone and cement. I heard that it had not been cleaned during
+the last fifty years; the consequence of this negligence is, that the
+most of the water is lost in its passage to the city through apertures,
+or slowly forces its way through the obstructing sediment, though it
+flows in a full stream into the head of the aqueduct at Arafat. The
+supply which it affords in ordinary times is barely sufficient for the
+use of the inhabitants, and during the pilgrimage sweet water becomes an
+absolute scarcity; a small skin of water (two of which skins a person may
+carry) being then often sold for one shilling--a very high price among
+Arabs.
+
+There are two places in the interior of Mekka where the aqueduct runs
+above ground; there the water is let off into small channels or
+fountains, at which some slaves of the Sherif are stationed, to exact a
+toll from persons filling their water-skins. In the time of the Hadj,
+these fountains are surrounded day and night by crowds of people
+quarrelling and fighting for access to the water. During the late siege,
+the Wahabys cut off the supply of water from the aqueduct; and it was not
+till some time after, that the injury which this structure then received,
+was partially repaired.
+
+There is a small spring which oozes from under the rocks behind the great
+palace of the Sherif, called Beit el Sad; it is said to afford the best
+water in this country, but the supply is very scanty. The spring is
+enclosed, and appropriated wholly to the Sherif's family.
+
+Beggars, and infirm or indigent hadjys, often entreat the passengers in
+the streets of Mekka for a draught of sweet water; they particularly
+surround the water-stands, which are seen in every corner, and where, for
+two paras in the time of the Hadj, and for one para, at other times, as
+much water may be obtained as will fill a jar.--_Burckhardt's Travels in
+Arabia_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE NATURALIST.
+
+[Illustration: FLAKES OF SNOW MAGNIFIED.]
+
+
+
+Snow is one of the treasures of the atmosphere. Its wonderful
+construction, and the beautiful regularity of its figures, have been the
+object of a treatise by Erasmus Bartholine, who published in 1661, "_De
+Figurâ Nivis Dissertatio_," with observations of his brother Thomas on
+the use of snow in medicine. On examining the flakes of snow with a
+magnifying glass before they melt, (which may easily be done by making
+the experiment in the open air,) they will appear composed of fine
+shining spicula or points, diverging like rays from a centre. As the
+flakes fall down through the atmosphere, they are joined by more of these
+radiated spicula, and thus increase in bulk like the drops of rain or
+hail-stones. Dr. Green says, "that many parts of snow are of a regular
+figure, for the most part so many little rowels or stars of six points,
+and are as perfect and transparent ice as any seen on a pond. Upon each
+of these points are other collateral points set at the same angles as the
+main points themselves; among these there are divers others, irregular,
+which are chiefly broken points and fragments of the regular ones. Others
+also, by various winds, seem to have been thawed and frozen again into
+irregular clusters; so that it seems as if the whole body of snow was an
+infinite mass of icicles irregularly figured. That is, a cloud of vapours
+being gathered into drops, those drops forthwith descend, and in their
+descent, meeting with a freezing air as they pass through a colder
+region, each drop is immediately frozen into an icicle, shooting itself
+forth into several points; but these still continuing their descent, and
+meeting with some intermitting gales of warmer air, or, in their
+continual waftage to and fro, touching upon each other are a little
+thawed, blunted, and frozen into clusters, or entangled so as to fall
+down in what we call flakes." But we are not, (says the author of the
+"Contemplative Philosopher,") to consider snow merely as a curious
+phenomenon. The Great Disposer of universal bounty has so ordered it,
+that it is eminently subservient, as well as all the works of creation,
+to his benevolent designs.
+
+  "He gives the winter's snow her airy birth,
+  And bids her virgin fleeces clothe the earth."
+                                           SANDYS.
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MONKEYS AT GIBRALTAR.
+
+
+Though Gibraltar abounds with monkeys, there are none to be found in the
+rest of Spain; this is supposed to be occasioned by the following
+circumstance;--The waters of the Propontis, which anciently might be
+nothing but a lake formed by the Granicus and Rhyndacus, finding it more
+easy to work themselves a canal by the Dardanelles than any other way,
+spread into the Mediterranean, and forcing a passage into the ocean
+between Mount Atlas and Calpe, separated the rock from the coast of
+Africa; and the monkeys being taken by surprise, were compelled to be
+carried with it over to Europe, "These animals," says a resident at
+Gibraltar, "are now in high favour here. The lieutenant-governor, General
+Don, has taken them under his protection, and threatened with fine and
+imprisonment any one who shall in any way molest them. They have
+increased rapidly, of course. Many of them are as large as our dogs; and
+some of the old grandfathers and great-grandfathers are considerably
+larger. I had the good fortune to fall in with a family of about ten, and
+had an opportunity of watching for a time their motions. There appeared
+to be a father and mother, four or five grown-up children, and three that
+had not reached the years of discretion. One of them was still at the
+breast; and although he was large enough to be weaned, and indeed made
+his escape as rapidly as the mother when they took the alarm, it was
+quite impossible to restrain laughter when one saw the mother, with great
+gravity, sitting nursing the little elf, with her hand behind it, and the
+older children skipping up and down the walls, and playing all sorts of
+antic tricks with one another. They made their escape with the utmost
+rapidity, leaping over rocks and precipices with great agility, and
+evidently unconscious of fear."
+
+W.G.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR,
+
+AND
+
+LITERARY NOTICES OF
+
+_NEW WORKS_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE GREAT WORLD OF FASHION.
+
+
+Satire is the pantomime of literature, and harlequin's jacket, his black
+vizor, and his eel-like lubricity, are so many harmless satires on the
+weak sides of our nature. The pen of the satirist is as effective as the
+pencil of the artist; and provided it draw well, cannot fail to prove as
+attractive. Indeed, the characters of pantomime, harlequin, columbine,
+clown, and pantaloon, make up the best _quarto_ that has ever appeared on
+the manners and follies of the times; and they may be turned to as grave
+an account as any page of Seneca's Morals, or Cicero's Disputations;
+however various the means, the end, or object, is the same, and all is
+rounded with a sleep.
+
+"The Great World," in the language of satire, is the "glass of fashion
+and the mould of form." Its geography and history are as perpetually
+changing as the modes of St. James's, or the features of one of its
+toasted beauties; and what is written of it to-day may be dry, and its
+time be out of joint, before it has escaped the murky precincts of the
+printing-house. It is subtlety itself, and we know not "whence it cometh,
+and whither it goeth." Its philosophy is concentric, for this Great World
+consists of thousands of little worlds, _usque ad infinitum_, and we do
+well if we become not giddy with looking on the wheels of its
+vicissitudes.
+
+We know not whom we have to thank for the pamphlet of sixty
+pages--entitled "A Geographical and Historical Account of the Great
+World"--now before us. It bears the imprint of "Ridgway, Piccadilly," so
+that it is published at the gate of the very region it describes--like
+the accounts of _Pere la Chaise_, sold at its _concierge_. Annexed is a
+Map of the Great World--but the author has not "attempted to lay down the
+longitude; the only measurements hitherto made being confined to the
+west of the meridian of St. James's Strait." Then the author tells us of
+the atomic hypothesis of the formation of the Great World. "These rules,
+for the performance of what appears to be an atomic quadrille, are
+furnished by Sir H. Davy, elected by the Great World, master of the
+ceremonies for the preservation of order, and prescribing rules for the
+regulation of the Universe." "The surface of the Great World, or rather
+its crust, has been ascertained to be exceedingly shallow."
+
+The inhabitants of the Great World, in its diurnal rotation, receive no
+light from the sun till a few hours before the time of its setting with
+us, when it also sets with them, so that they are inconvenienced for a
+short time only, by its light. In its annual orbit, it has but one
+season, which, though called Spring, is subject to the most sudden
+alternations of heat and cold. The females have a singular method of
+protecting themselves from the baneful effects of these violent changes,
+which is worthy of notice:--they wrap themselves up, during the short
+time the sun shines, in pelisses, shawls, and cloaks, their heads being
+protected by hats, whose umbrageous brims so far exceed in dimensions the
+little umbrellas raised above them, that a stranger is at a loss to
+conjecture the use of the latter. Shortly after the sun has set, these
+habiliments are all thrown off, dresses of gossamer are substituted in
+their place, and the fair wearers rush out into the open air, to enjoy
+the cool night breezes.
+
+This is but the "Companion to the Map." The Voyage to the several Islands
+of the Great World, "is in a frame-work of the adventures of Sir Heedless
+Headlong, who neither reaches the Great World by a balloon, nor Perkins's
+steam-gun. He cruises about St. James's Straits, makes for Idler's
+Harbour, in Alba; is repulsed, but with a friend, Jack Rashleigh,
+journeys to Society Island, lands at Small Talk Bay, and makes for the
+capital, Flirtington. He first visits a general assembly of the leaders
+of the isle. At the house of assembly the rush of charioteers was so
+great, that it is impossible to say what might have been the consequence
+of the general confusion, or how many lives might have been lost, but for
+the interference of a little man in a flaxen wig, and broad-brimmed hat,
+with a cane in his hand, whose authority is said to extend equally over
+ladies and pickpockets of all degrees."[18] Then comes an exquisite bit
+of badinage on that most stupid of all stupidities, a fashionable rout.
+
+   [18] Quasi Townsend.
+
+"On entering the walls, my surprise may be partly conceived, at finding
+those persons, whom I had seen so eagerly striving to gain admittance,
+crowded together in a capacious vapour bath, heated to so high a
+temperature, that had I not been aware of the strict prohibition of
+science, I should have imagined the meeting to have been held for the
+purpose of ascertaining, by experiment, the greatest degree of heat which
+the human frame is capable of supporting. That they should choose such a
+place for their deliberations upon the welfare of the island, appeared to
+me extraordinary, and only to be accounted for upon the supposition that
+it was intended to carry off, by evaporation, that internal heat to which
+the assemblies of legislators of some other countries are known to be
+subject. Judging from the grave and melancholy countenances of the
+persons assembled, I councluded the affairs of the island to be in a very
+disasterous state; and I could discover very little either said or done,
+at all calculated to advance its interests. Of the capital itself, some
+members said a few words; but, to use the language of our Globe, in so
+inaudible a tone of voice, that we could scarcely catch their import. The
+principal subject of their discussion consisted of complaining of the
+extreme heat of the bath, and mutual inquiries respecting their intention
+of immersing themselves in any others that were open the same night."
+
+He next satirizes a fashionable dinner, the parks, the Horticultural
+Society, some pleasant jokes upon a rosy mother and her parsnip-pale
+daughters, and an admirable piece of fun upon the female oligarchy of
+Almacks.
+
+"From hence I made a trip to Crocky's Island, situated on the opposite
+side of the Strait. On landing at Hellgate, within Fools' Inlet my
+surprise was much excited by the prodigious flocks of gulls, pigeons, and
+geese, which were directing their flight towards the Great Fish Lake,
+whither I, too, was making my way. I concluded their object was to
+procure food, of which a profusion was here spread before them,
+consisting of every thing which such birds most delight to peck at; but
+no sooner had they settled near the bank, than they were seized upon by a
+Fisherman, (who was lying in wait for them,) and completely plucked of
+their feathers, an operation to which they very quietly submitted, and
+were then suffered to depart. Upon inquiring his motive for what appeared
+to me a wanton act of cruelty, he told me his intention was to stuff his
+bed with the feathers; 'or,' added he, 'if you _vill_, to feather my
+nest.' Being myself an admirer of a soft bed, I saw no reason why I
+should not employ myself in the same way; but owing, perhaps, to my being
+a novice in the art, and not knowing how to manage the birds properly,
+they were but little disposed to submit themselves to my hands; and, in
+the attempt, I found myself so completely covered with feathers, that
+which of the three descriptions of birds aforesaid I most resembled, it
+would have been difficult to determine. The fisherman, seeing my
+situation, was proceeding to add to the stock of feathers which he had
+collected in a great bag, by plucking those from my person, when, wishing
+to save him any further trouble, I hurried back to Hellgate."
+
+We cannot accompany Sir Heedless any further; but must conclude with a
+few piquancies from the _Vocabulary of the Language of the Great World_,
+which is as necessary to the enjoyment of fashionable life, as is a
+glossary to an elementary scientific treatise:--
+
+_At Home._--Making your house as unlike home as possible, by turning
+every thing topsy-turvy, removing your furniture, and squeezing as many
+people into your rooms as can be compressed together.
+
+_Not at Home._--Sitting in your own room, engaged in reading a new novel,
+writing notes, or other important business.
+
+_Affection._--A painful sensation, such as gout, rheumatism, cramp,
+head-ache, &c.
+
+_Mourning._--An outward covering of black, put on by the relatives of any
+deceased person of consequence, or by persons succeeding to a large
+fortune, as an emblem of their grief upon so melancholy an event.
+
+_Morning._--The time corresponding to that between our noon and sun-set.
+
+_Evening._--The time between our sun-set and sun-rise.
+
+_Night._---The time between our sun-rise and noon.
+
+_Domestic._--An epithet applied to cats, dogs, and other tame animals,
+keeping at home.
+
+_Reflection._--The person viewed in a looking-glass.
+
+_Tenderness._--A property belonging to meat long kept.
+
+_An Undress._--A thick covering of garments.
+
+_A Treasure._--A lady's maid, skilful in the mysteries of building up
+heads, and pulling down characters; ingenious in the construction of
+caps, capes, and scandal, and judicious in the application of paint and
+flattery; also, a footman, who knows, at a single glance, what visiters
+to admit to the presence of his mistress, and whom to refuse.
+
+_Immortality_.--An imaginary privilege of living for ever, conferred upon
+heroes, poets, and patriots.
+
+_Taste_.--The art of discerning the precise shades of difference
+constituting a bad or well dressed man, woman, or dinner.
+
+_Tact_.--The art of wheedling a rich old relation, winning an heiress, or
+dismissing duns with the payment of fair promises.
+
+_Album_.--A ledger kept by ladies for the entry of compliments, in rhyme,
+paid _on demand_ to their beautiful hair, complexions fair, the dimpled
+chin, the smiles that win, the ruby lips, where the bee sips, &c. &c.;
+the whole amount being transferred to their private account from the
+public stock.
+
+_Resignation_.--Giving up a place.
+
+_A Heathen_.--An infidel to the tenets of ton, a Goth; a monster; a
+vulgar wretch. One who eats twice of soup, swills beer, _takes_ wine,
+knows nothing about ennui, dyspepsia, or peristaltic persuaders, and does
+not play ecarté; a creature--nobody.
+
+_Vice_.--An instrument made use of by ladies in _netting_ for the purpose
+of securing their work.
+
+_A Martyr_.--A gentleman subject to the gout.
+
+_Temperate_.----Quiet, an epithet applied only to horses.
+
+_Bore_.--A country acquaintance, or relation, a leg of mutton, a
+hackney-coach, &c., children, or a family party.
+
+_Love_.--Admiration of a large fortune.
+
+_Courage_.--Shooting a fellow creature, perhaps a friend, from the fear
+of being thought a coward.
+
+_Christmas_.--That time of year when tradesmen, and boys from school,
+become troublesome.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+OLD POETS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A KISS.
+
+
+  Best charge and bravest retreat in Cupid's fight,
+  A double key which opens to the heart,
+  Most rich, when most his riches it impart,
+  Nest of young joys, schoolmaster of delight,
+  Teaching the mean at once to take and give,
+  The friendly stay, where blows both wound and heal,
+  The petty death where each in other live,
+  Poor hope's first wealth, hostage of promise weak,
+  Breakfast of love.
+                            SIR P. SYDNEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SIGHT.
+
+
+  -----Nine things to sight required are
+    The power to see, the light, the visible thing:
+  Being not too small, too thin, too nigh, too far,
+    Clear space, and time the form distinct to bring.
+                                     J. DAVIES.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MERCY AND JUSTICE.
+
+
+  Oh who shall show the countenance and gestures
+  Of Mercy and Justice; which fair sacred sisters,
+  With equal poise doth ever balance even,
+  The unchanging projects of the King of heaven.
+  The one stern of look, the other mild aspecting,
+  The one pleas'd with tears, the other blood affecting;
+  The one bears the sword of vengeance unrelenting
+  The other brings pardon for the true repenting.
+                                  J. SYLVESTER
+
+      *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+  I know that countenance cannot lie
+  Whose thoughts are legible in the eye.
+                                  M. ROYDON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+INGRATITUDE.
+
+
+  Unthankfulness is that great sin,
+    Which made the devil and his angels fall:
+  Lost him and them the joys that they were in,
+    And now in hell detains them bound in thrall.
+                              SIR J. HARRINGTON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+  Thou hateful monster base ingratitude,
+    Soul's mortal poison, deadly killing-wound,
+  Deceitful serpent seeking to delude,
+    Black loathsome ditch, where all desert is drown'd;
+  Vile pestilence, which all things dost confound.
+  At first created to no other end,
+  But to grieve those, whom nothing could offend.
+                                  M. DRAYTON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HEAVEN.
+
+
+  From hence with grace and goodness compass'd round,
+    God ruleth, blesseth, keepeth all he wrought,
+  Above the air, the fire, the sea and ground
+    Our sense, our wit, our reason and our thought;
+  Where persons three, with power and glory crown'd,
+    Are all one God, who made all things of naught.
+      Under whose feet, subjected to his grace
+      Sit nature, fortune, motion, time and place.
+
+  This is the place from whence like smoke and dust
+    Of this frail world, the wealth, the pomp, the power,
+  He tosseth, humbleth, turneth as he lust,
+    And guides our life, our end, our death and hour,
+  No eye (however virtuous, pure and just)
+    Can view the brightness of that glorious bower,
+      On every side the blessed spirits be
+      Equal in joys though differing in degree.
+                                       E. FAIRFAX.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MARRIAGE.
+
+
+  In choice of wife prefer the modest chaste,
+    Lilies are fair in show, but foul in smell,
+  The sweetest looks by age are soon defaced,
+    Then choose thy wife by wit and loving well.
+  Who brings thee wealth, and many faults withal,
+  Presents thee honey mix'd with bitter gall.
+                                       D. LODGE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PRIDE.
+
+  Pride is the root of ill in every state,
+  The source of sin, the very fiend's fee:
+  The bead of hell, the bough, the branch, the tree;
+  From which do spring and sprout such fleshly seeds,
+  As nothing else but moans and mischief breeds.
+                                     G. GASCOIGNE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTES FROM THE LONDON REVIEW,
+
+NO. 1.
+
+ANCIENT AND MODERN LUXURIES.
+
+
+As a learned doctor, a passionate admirer of the Nicotian plant, was not
+long since regaling himself with a pinch of snuff, in the study of an old
+college friend, his classical recollections suddenly mixed with his
+present sensation, and suggested the following question:--"If a Greek or
+a Roman were to rise from the grave, how would you explain to him the
+three successive enjoyments which we have had to-day after dinner,--tea,
+coffee, and snuff? By what perception or sensation familiar to them,
+would you account for the modern use of the three vulgar elements, which
+we see notified on every huckster's stall?--or paint the more refined
+beatitude of a young barrister comfortably niched in one of our London
+divans, concentrating his ruminations over a new Quarterly, by the aid of
+a highly-flavoured Havannah?" The doctor's friend, whose ingenuity is not
+easily taken at fault, answered, "By friction, which was performed so
+consummately in their baths. It is no new propensity of animal nature, to
+find pleasure from the combination of a _stimulant_, and a _sedative_.
+The ancients chafed their skins, and we chafe our stomachs, exactly for
+that same double purpose of excitement and repose (let physiologists
+explain their union) which these vegetable substances procure now so
+extensively to mankind. In a word, I would tell the ancient Greeks or
+Romans, that the dealer in tea, coffee, tobacco, and snuff, is to us what
+the experienced practioner of the _strigil_ was to them; with this
+difference, however, that while we spare our skins, our stomachs are in
+danger of being tanned into leather."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE STAGE.
+
+
+We may compare _tragedy_ to a martyrdom by one of the old masters; which,
+whatever be its merit, represents persons, emotions, and events so remote
+from the experience of the spectator, that he feels the grounds of his
+approbation and blame to be in a great measure conjectural. The
+_romance_, such as we generally have seen it, resembles a Gothic
+window-piece, where monarchs and bishops exhibit the symbols of their
+dignity, and saints hold out their palm branches, and grotesque monsters
+in blue and gold pursue one another through the intricacies of a
+never-ending scroll, splendid in colouring, but childish in composition,
+and imitating nothing in nature but a mass of drapery and jewels thrown
+over the commonest outlines of the human figure. The works of the
+_comedian_, in their least interesting forms, are Dutch paintings and
+caricatures: in their best, they are like Wilkie's earlier pictures,
+accurate imitations of pleasing, but familiar objects--admirable as works
+of art, but addressed rather to the judgment than to the imagination.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ENGLISH WOMEN.
+
+
+Nothing could be more easy than to prove, in the reflected light of our
+literature, that from the period of our Revolution to the present time,
+the education of women has improved among us, as much, at least, as that
+of men. Unquestionably that advancement has been greater within the last
+fifty years, than during any previous period of equal length; and it may
+even be doubted whether the modern rage of our fair countrywomen for
+universal acquirement has not already been carried to a height injurious
+to the attainment of excellence in the more important branches of
+literary information.
+
+But in every age since that of Charles II, Englishwomen have been better
+educated than their mothers. For much of this progress we are indebted to
+Addison. Since the Spectator set the example, a great part of our lighter
+literature, unlike that of the preceding age, has been addressed to the
+sexes in common: whatever language could shock the ear of woman, whatever
+sentiment could sully her purity of thought, has been gradually expunged
+from the far greater and better portion of our works of imagination and
+taste; and it is this growing refinement and delicacy of expression,
+throughout the last century, which prove, as much as any thing, the
+increasing number of female readers, and the increasing homage which has
+been paid to the better feelings of their sex.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Mr. Lee, the high-constable of Westminster, in the _Police Report_, says,
+"I have known the time when I have seen the regular thieves watching
+Drummonds' house, looking out for persons coming out: and the widening of
+the pavement of the streets has, I think, done a great deal of good. With
+respect to pick-pocketing, there is not a chance of their doing now as
+they used to do. If a man attempts to pick a pocket, it is ten to one if
+he is not seen, which was not the case formerly."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CRIME IN PARIS.
+
+
+Vidocq, in his Memoires, relates, that in 1817, with twelve agents or
+subordinate officers, he effected in Paris the number of arrests which
+he thus enumerates:--
+
+  Assassins or murderers                       15
+  Robbers or burglars                           5
+  Ditto with false keys                       108
+  Ditto in furnished houses                    12
+  Highwaymen                                  126
+  Pickpockets and cutpurses                    73
+  Shoplifters                                  17
+  Receivers of stolen property                 38
+  Fugitives from the prisons                   14
+  Tried galley-slaves, having left their exile 43
+  Forgers, cheats, swindlers, &c.              46
+  Vagabonds, robbers returned to Paris        229
+  By mandates from his excellency              46
+  Captures and seizures of stolen property     39
+                                             ----
+                                              811
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WITNESSES.
+
+
+The protracted proceedings of our criminal courts are productive of one
+serious evil, which we have never seen noticed. Domestic servants, and
+others who appear as witnesses, must frequently wait, day after day, in
+the court-yard and avenues, or in the adjacent public-houses, until the
+cases on which they have been subpoenaed are called for trial. During
+these intervals they converse and become acquainted with others in
+attendance, a large proportion of whom are generally friends or
+associates of the prisoners. It is thus that the most dangerous
+intimacies have been formed; and many instances have occurred where
+servants, who have been seen in the courts as witnesses for a
+prosecution, have soon afterwards appeared there as prisoners.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+YOU'LL COME TO OUR BALL.
+
+
+"Comment! c'est lui?--que je le regarde encore!--c'est que vraiment il
+est bien changé; n'est pas, mon papa?"--_Les premiers Amours_.
+
+  You'll come to our Ball--since we parted,
+    I've thought of you, more than I'll say;
+  Indeed, I was half broken-hearted,
+    For a week, when they took you away.
+  Fond Fancy brought back to my slumbers
+    Our walks on the Ness and the Den,
+  And echoed the musical numbers
+    Which you used to sing to me then.
+  I know the romance, since it's over,
+    'Twere idle, or worse, to recall:--
+  I know you're a terrible rover:
+    But, Clarence,--you'll come to our Ball!
+
+  It's only a year, since at College
+    You put on your cap and your gown;
+  But, Clarence, you're grown out of knowledge,
+    And chang'd from the spur to the crown:
+  The voice that was best when it faltered
+    Is fuller and firmer in tone;
+  And the smile that should never have altered,--
+    Dear Clarence,--it is not your own:
+  Your cravat was badly selected,
+    Your coat don't become you at all;
+  And why is your hair so neglected?
+    You _must_ have it curled for our Ball.
+
+  I've often been out upon Haldon,
+    To look for a covey with Pup:
+  I've often been over to Shaldon,
+    To see how your boat is laid up:
+  In spite of the terrors of Aunty,
+    I've ridden the filly you broke;
+  And I've studied your sweet, little Dante,
+    In the shade of your favourite oak:
+  When I sat in July to Sir Lawrence,
+    I sat in your love of a shawl;
+  And I'll wear what you brought me from Florence,
+    Perhaps, if you'll come to our Ball.
+
+  You'll find us all changed since you vanished:
+    We've set up a National School,
+  And waltzing is utterly banished--
+    And Ellen has married a fool--
+  The Major is going to travel--
+    Miss Hyacinth threatens a rout--
+  The walk is laid down with fresh gravel--
+    Papa is laid up with the gout:
+  And Jane has gone on with her easels,
+    And Anne has gone off with Sir Paul;
+  And Fanny is sick of the measles,--
+    And I'll tell you the rest at the Ball.
+
+  You'll meet all your Beauties;--the Lily,
+    And the Fairy of Willowbrook Farm,
+  And Lucy, who made me so silly
+    At Dawlish, by taking your arm--
+  Miss Manners, who always abused you,
+    For talking so much about Hock--
+  And her sister who often amused you,
+    By raving of rebels and Rock;
+  And something which surely would answer,
+    A heiress, quite fresh from Bengal--
+  So, though you were seldom a dancer,
+    You'll dance, just for once, at our Ball.
+
+  But out on the world!--from the flowers
+    It shuts out the sunshine of truth;
+  It blights the green leaves in the bowers,
+    It makes an old age of our youth:
+  And the flow of our feeling, once in it,
+    Like a streamlet beginning to freeze,
+  Though it cannot turn ice in a minute,
+    Grows harder by sullen degrees--
+  Time treads o'er the grave of Affection;
+    Sweet honey is turned into gall.
+  Perhaps you have no recollection
+    That ever you danced at our Ball.
+
+  You once could be pleased with our ballads--
+    To-day you have critical ears:
+  You once could be charmed with our salads--
+    Alas! you've been dining with Peers--
+  You trifled and flirted with many---
+    You've forgotten the when and the how--
+  There was _one_ you liked better than any--
+    Perhaps you've forgotten _her_ now.
+  But of those you remember most newly,
+    Of those who delight or enthrall,
+  None love you a quarter so truly
+    As some you will find at our Ball.
+
+  They tell me you've many who flatter,
+    Because of your wit and your song--
+  They tell me (and what does it matter?)
+    You like to be praised by the throng--
+  They tell me you're shadowed with laurel,
+    They tell me you're loved by a Blue--
+  They tell me you're sadly immoral,
+    Dear Clarence, _that_ cannot be true!
+  But to me you are still what I found you
+    Before you grew clever and tall--
+  And you'll think of the spell that once bound you--
+    And you'll come--_won't_ you come?--to our Ball!
+
+                           _London Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PARTY.
+
+
+Two dogs cannot worry one another in the streets without instantly
+forming each his party among the crowd; much more then does the principle
+apply to higher contests.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE ANECDOTE GALLERY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MOLIERE.
+
+
+At the town of Pezénas they still show an elbow-chair of Molière's (as at
+Montpelier they show the gown of Rabelais,) in which the poet, it is
+said, ensconced in a corner of a barber's shop, would sit for the hour
+together, silently watching the air, gestures, and grimaces of the
+village politicians, who, in those days, before coffee-houses were
+introduced into France, used to congregate in this place of resort. The
+fruits of this study may be easily discerned in those original draughts
+of character from the middling and lower classes with which his pieces
+everywhere abound.
+
+Molière's celebrated farce of _Les Précieuses Ridicules_; a piece in only
+one act, but which, by its inimitable satire, effected such a revolution
+in the literary taste of his countrymen, as has been accomplished by few
+works of a more imposing form--may be considered as the basis of the
+dramatic glory of Molière, and the dawn of good comedy in France. The
+satire aimed at a coterie of wits who set themselves up as arbiters of
+taste and fashion, and was welcomed with enthusiastic applause, most of
+them being present at the first exhibition, to behold the fine fabric,
+which they had been so painfully constructing, brought to the ground by a
+single blow. "And these follies," said Ménage to Chapelin, "which you and
+I see so finely criticised here, are what we have been so long admiring.
+We must go home and burn our idols." "Courage, Molière," cried an old man
+from the pit; "this is genuine comedy." The price of the seats was
+doubled from the time of the second representation. Nor were the effects
+of the satire merely transitory. It converted an epithet of praise into
+one of reproach; and a _femme precieuse_, a _style precieux_, a _ton
+precieux_, once so much admired, have ever since been used only to
+signify the most ridiculous affectation. There was, in truth, however,
+quite as much luck as merit, in this success of Molière; whose production
+exhibits no finer raillery, or better sustained dialogue, than are to be
+found in many of his subsequent pieces. It assured him, however, of his
+own strength, and disclosed to him the mode in which he should best hit
+the popular taste. "I have no occasion to study Plautus or Terence any
+longer," said he, "I must henceforth, study the world." The world
+accordingly was his study; and the exquisite models of character which it
+furnished him, will last as long as it shall endure.
+
+Though an habitual valetudinarian, Molière relied almost wholly on the
+temperance of his diet for the reestablishment of his health. "What use
+do you make of your physician?" said the king to him one day. "We chat
+together, Sire," said the poet. "He gives me his prescriptions; I never
+follow them; and so I get well."
+
+In Molière's time, the profession of a comedian was but lightly esteemed
+in France at this period. Molière experienced the inconveniences
+resulting from this circumstance, even after his splendid literary career
+had given him undoubted claims to consideration. Most of our readers no
+doubt, are acquainted with the anecdote of Belloc, an agreeable poet of
+the court, who, on hearing one of the servants in the royal household
+refuse to aid the author of the _Tartuffe_ in making the king's bed,
+courteously requested "the poet to accept his services for that purpose."
+Madame Campan's anecdote of a similar courtesy, on the part of Louis the
+Fourteenth, is also well known; who, when several of these functionaries
+refused to sit at table with the comedian, kindly invited him to sit down
+with him, and, calling in some of his principal courtiers, remarked that
+"he had requested the pleasure of Molière's company at his own table, as
+it was not thought quite good enough for his officers." This rebuke had
+the desired effect.
+
+Molière died in 1673, he had been long affected by a pulmonary complaint,
+and it was only by severe temperance that he was enabled to preserve even
+a moderate degree of health. At the commencement of the year, his malady
+sensibly increased. At this very season, he composed his _Malade
+Imaginaire_; the most whimsical, and perhaps the most amusing of the
+compositions, in which he has indulged his raillery against the faculty.
+On the 17th of February, being the day appointed for its fourth
+representation, his friends would have dissuaded him from appearing, in
+consequence of his increasing indisposition. But he persisted in his
+design, alleging "that more than fifty poor individuals depended for
+their daily bread on its performance." His life fell a sacrifice to his
+benevolence. The exertions which he was compelled to make in playing the
+principal part of _Argan_ aggravated his distemper, and as he was
+repeating the word _juro_, in the concluding ceremony, he fell into a
+convulsion, which he vainly endeavoured to disguise from the spectators
+under a forced smile. He was immediately carried to his house, in the
+_Rue de Richelieu_, now No. 34. A violent fit of coughing, on his
+arrival, occasioned the rupture of a blood-vessel; and seeing his end
+approaching, he sent for two ecclesiastics of the parish of St. Eustace,
+to which he belonged, to administer to him the last offices of religion.
+But these worthy persons having refused their assistance, before a third,
+who had been sent for, could arrive, Molière, suffocated with the
+effusion of blood, had expired in the arms of his family.
+
+Molière died soon after entering upon his fifty-second year. He is
+represented to have been somewhat above the middle stature, and well
+proportioned; his features large, his complexion dark, and his black,
+bushy eye-brows so flexible, as to admit of his giving an infinitely
+comic expression to his physiognomy. He was the best actor of his own
+generation, and by his counsels, formed the celebrated Baron, the best of
+the succeeding. He played all the range of his own characters, from
+_Alceste_ to _Sganarelle_; though he seems to have been peculiarly fitted
+for broad comedy.
+
+He produced all his pieces, amounting to thirty, in the short space of
+fifteen years. He was in the habit of reading these to an old female
+domestic, by the name of La Forêt; on whose unsophisticated judgment he
+greatly relied. On one occasion when he attempted to impose upon her the
+production of a brother author, she plainly told him that he had never
+written it. Sir Walter Scott may have had this habit of Molière's in his
+mind, when he introduced a similar expedient into his "Chronicles of the
+Canongate." For the same reason, our poet used to request the comedians
+to bring their children with them, when he recited to them a new play.
+The peculiar advantage of this humble criticism, in dramatic
+compositions, is obvious. Alfieri himself, as he informs us, did not
+disdain to resort to it.
+
+Molière was naturally of a reserved and taciturn temper; insomuch that
+his friend Boileau used to call him the _Contemplateur_. Strangers who
+had expected to recognise in his conversation the sallies of wit which
+distinguished his dramas, went away disappointed. The same thing is
+related of La Fontaine. The truth is, that Molière went into society as a
+spectator, not as an actor; he found there the studies for the
+characters, which he was to transport upon the stage; and he occupied
+himself with observing them. The dreamer, La Fontaine, lived too in a
+world of his own creation. His friend, Madame de la Sablière, paid to him
+this untranslateable compliment; "En vérité, mon cher La Fontaine, vous
+seriez bien bête, si vous n'aviez pas tant d'esprit." These unseasonable
+reveries brought him, it may be imagined, into many whimsical adventures.
+The great Corneille, too, was distinguished by the same apathy. A
+gentleman dined at the same table with him for six months, without
+suspecting the author of the "Cid."
+
+Molière enjoyed the closest intimacy with the great Condé, the most
+distinguished ornament of the court of Louis the Fourteenth; to such an
+extent indeed, that the latter directed, that the poet should never be
+refused admission to him, at whatever hour he might choose to pay his
+visit. His regard for his friend was testified by his remark, rather more
+candid than courteous, to an Abbé of his acquaintance, who had brought
+him an epitaph, of his own writing, upon the deceased poet. "Would to
+heaven," said the prince, "that he were in a condition to bring me
+yours."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DOMESTIC HABITS OF NAPOLEON.
+
+
+At nine o'clock the emperor came out of his sleeping apartments, dressed
+for the whole day. First the officers on duty were admitted, and received
+their orders for the day. Then the _grandes entrees_ and the officers of
+the household not on duty were introduced; and if any one had any
+particular communication to make, he staid till the public audience was
+concluded. At half after nine o'clock Napoleon breakfasted, on a small
+mahogany table with one leg, and covered with a napkin. The prefect of
+the palace stood close by this table, with his hat under his arm. The
+breakfast rarely lasted beyond eight minutes. Sometimes, however, men of
+science or literature, or distinguished artists, were admitted at this
+time, with whom Napoleon is represented to have conversed in an easy and
+lively style. Amongst these were M. Monge, Costaz, Denon, Bertholet,
+Corvisart, David, Gerard, Isabey, Talma, and Fontaine. Dinner was served
+at six o'clock; the emperor and the empress dined alone on the common
+days of the week, but on Sunday all the imperial family attended, upon
+which occasion Napoleon, the empress, and Madame Mère had arm-chairs, and
+the rest chairs without arms. There was only one course. The emperor
+drank no wine but Chambertin, and that usually mixed with water. Dinner
+lasted in general from fifteen to twenty minutes. All this time the
+prefect of the palace had to superintend the affair _en grand_, and to
+answer any questions put to him. In the drawing-room a page presented to
+the emperor a waiter with a cup and a sugar-stand. Le chef d'office
+poured out the coffee; the empress took the cup from the emperor; the
+page and the chef d'office retired; the prefect waited till the empress
+had poured the coffee into the saucer and given it to Napoleon. After
+this the emperor went to his papers again, and the empress played at
+cards. Sometimes he would come and talk a little while with the people of
+the household in the apartments of the empress, but not often, and he
+never staid long. Upon his retiring, the officers on duty attended the
+audience _du coucher_, and received their orders for the morrow. This was
+the ordinary economy of the emperor's time, when not with the army.
+
+Napoleon read the English newspapers every day in French, and M. de
+Bausset says the translation was rigorously exact. One day in January,
+1811, the emperor gave some of these extracts to de B., and ordered him
+to read them aloud during dinner. The prefect got on pretty well, till he
+stumbled at some uncouth epithets, with which he was puzzled how to deal,
+especially in the presence of the empress, and a room full of domestics.
+He blew his nose, and skipped the words--"No!" said Napoleon, "read out!
+you will find many more." "I should be wanting--" "Read, I tell you,"
+repeated the emperor, "read every thing!" At last de B. ran upon "tyrant
+or despot," which he commuted for "emperor." Napoleon caught the paper
+out of his hands, read the real phrase aloud, and then ordered M. de B.
+to continue. These translations used to be made by Maret, Duke of
+Bassano.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+  "A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles."
+                                 SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+RETENTIVE MEMORY.
+
+
+The historian, Fuller, in 1607, had a most retentive memory; he could
+repeat 500 strange, unconnected words, after twice hearing them; and a
+sermon verbatim, after reading it once. He undertook, after passing from
+Temple Bar to the farthest part of Cheapside and back again, to mention
+all the signs over the shops on both sides of the streets, repeated them
+backwards and forwards, and performed the task with great exactness.
+
+J.T.S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EVE'S TOMB.
+
+
+About two miles northward of Djidda is shown the tomb of Howa (Eve), the
+mother of mankind; it is, as I was informed, a rude structure of stone,
+about four feet in length, two or three feet in height, and as many in
+breadth; thus resembling the tomb of Noah, seen in the valley of Bekaa,
+in Syria--_Burckhardt's Travels in Arabia_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ACROSTIC ON THE EYES.
+
+
+  E nchanting features! how thy beauties charm;
+  Y e magic orbs, in which for ever dwell
+  E ach varying passion, from the bosom warm,
+  S ilently ye express what language ne'er, can tell.
+                                         C.J.T.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+VOLTAIRE.
+
+
+When Voltaire was once ridiculing our immortal author of "Paradise Lost,"
+in the presence of Dr. Young, it is said the latter delivered the
+following extempore:
+
+  "Thou art so witty, profligate, and thin,
+   Thou seem'st a Milton, with his Death and Sin."
+                                        R.Y.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VENTILATION.
+
+Garrick told Cibber, "that his pieces were the best ventilators to his
+theatre at Drury Lane; for as soon as any of them were played, the
+audience directly left the house."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ACROSTIC TO BRAHAM.
+
+  B ear not away ye gales that sound!
+  R apture be mute, nor breathe one sigh!
+  A ttentive angels hover round--
+  H eaven listens to his melody;
+  A nd all the spheres' harmonious strings
+  M ove in celestial strains when Braham sings!
+                                     G.J.T.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+This day is published, price 5s. with a Frontispiece, and thirty other
+Engravings, the
+
+ARCANA OF SCIENCE, AND ANNUAL REGISTER OF THE USEFUL ARTS, FOR 1829.
+
+The MECHANICAL department contains ONE HUNDRED New Inventions and
+Discoveries, with 14 _Engravings_.
+
+CHEMICAL, SEVENTY articles, with 2 _Engravings_.
+
+NATURAL HISTORY, 135 New Facts and Discoveries, with 7 _Engravings_.
+
+ASTRONOMICAL and METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA--35 articles--6 _Engravings_.
+
+AGRICULTURE, GARDENING, and RURAL ECONOMY, 100 _Articles_.
+
+DOMESTIC ECONOMY 50 _Articles_.
+
+USEFUL ARTS, 50 _Articles_.
+
+FINE ARTS.
+
+PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS.
+
+MISCELLANEOUS REGISTER, &c.
+
+"We hope the editor will publish a similar volume annually."--_Gardener's
+Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand. (near Somerset House,)
+London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and by all
+Newsmen and Booksellers_.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, No. 358, by Various
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12898 ***
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+  -->
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12898 ***</div>
+
+ <hr class="full" />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page129" id="page129"></a>[pg 129]</span>
+
+  <h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+  OF<br />
+  LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <table width="100%" summary="Volume, Number, and Date">
+    <tr>
+      <td align="left"><b>Vol. XIII, No. 358.</b></td>
+      <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1829.</b></td>
+      <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figure" style="width:100%;"><a href="images/358-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/358-1.png" alt="YORK TERRACE, REGENT'S PARK." /></a> YORK TERRACE, REGENT'S PARK.</div>
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page130" id="page130"></a>[pg 130]</span>
+<h2>YORK TERRACE,</h2>
+
+<h3>REGENT'S PARK.</h3>
+
+
+<p>If the reader is anxious to illustrate any
+political position with the "signs of the
+times," he has only to start from Waterloo-place,
+(thus commencing with a glorious
+reminiscence,) through Regent-street
+and Portland-place, and make the architectural
+tour of the Regent's Park. Entering
+the park from the New Road by
+York Gate, one of the first objects for his
+admiration will be <i>York Terrace</i>, a splendid
+range of private residences, which has
+the appearance of an unique palace. This
+striking effect is produced by all the entrances
+being in the rear, where the vestibules
+are protected by large porches. All
+the doors and windows in the principal
+front represented in the engraving are
+uniform, and appear like a suite of princely
+apartments, somewhat in the style of a
+little Versailles. This idea is assisted by
+the gardens having no divisions.</p>
+
+<p>The architecture of the building is
+Græco-Italian. It consists of an entrance
+or ground story, with semicircular headed
+windows and rusticated piers. A continued
+pedestal above the arches of these
+windows runs through the composition, divided
+between the columns into balustrades,
+in front of the windows of the principal
+story, to which they form handsome balconies.
+The elegant windows of this and the
+principal chamber story are of the Ilissus
+Ionic, and are decorated with a colonnade,
+completed with a well-proportioned entablature
+from the same beautiful order.
+Mr. Elmes, in his critical observations
+on this terrace, thinks the attic story "too
+irregular to accompany so chaste a composition
+as the Ionic, to which it forms a
+crown;" he likewise objects to the cornice
+and blocking-course, as being "also too
+small in proportion for the majesty of the
+lower order."</p>
+
+<p>York Terrace is from the design of Mr.
+Nash, whose genius not unfrequently
+strays into such errors as our architectural
+critic has pointed out.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>VALENTINE CUSTOMS.</h3>
+
+<h4><i>(To the Editor of the Mirror.)</i></h4>
+
+
+<p>As some of the customs described by your
+correspondent W.H.H.<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> are left unaccounted
+for, I suppose any one is at
+liberty to sport a few conjectures on the
+subject. May not, for instance, the practice
+of burning the "<i>holly boy</i>" have its
+origin in some of those rustic incantations
+described by Theocritus as the means
+of recalling a truant lover, or of warming
+a cold one; and thus translated:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"First Delphid injured me, he raised my flame,</p>
+<p>And now I burn this bough in Delphid's name."</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>Virgil, too, in his 8th Eclogue, alludes
+to the same charm:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"Sparge molam, et fragiles incende bitumine lauros;</p>
+<p>Daphnis me malus urit, ego hanc in Daphnide laurum."</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>"Next in the fire the bays with brimstone burn,</p>
+<p>And whilst it crackles in the sulphur, say,</p>
+<p>This I for Daphnis burn, thus Daphnis burn away."</p>
+<p class="i10">                       DRYDEN.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>The <i>"holly bush"</i> being made to represent
+the person beloved, may also be
+borrowed from the ancients:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;"Terque hæc altaria circum</p>
+<p><i>Effigiem</i> duco."</p>
+<p class="i10">                          VIRGIL.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>"Thrice round the altar I the image draw."</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>The burning wax candles may be more
+difficult to account for, unless it refer to
+the custom of melting wax in order to
+mollify the beloved one's heart:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"As this devoted wax melts o'er the fire,</p>
+<p>Let Myndian Delphis melt with soft desire."</p>
+<p class="i10">                        THEOCRITUS.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;"Hæc ut cera liquescit."</p>
+<p>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;"Sic nostro Daphnis amore."</p>
+<p class="i10">                       VIRGIL.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>For a woman to compose a garland
+was always considered an indication of
+her being in love. Aristophanes says,</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"The wreathing garlands in a woman is</p>
+<p>The usual symptom of a love-sick mind."</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>Should the charms resorted to by lovers
+two thousand years ago, appear to you,
+even remotely, to have influenced the love
+rites as performed by the village men and
+maidens of the present day, perhaps you
+may deem this string of quotations worthy
+of a corner in your amusing miscellany.</p>
+
+<p>E.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>LINES</h3>
+
+<h4><i>On the Sarcophagus<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> which contains the remains
+of Nelson in St. Paul's Cathedral.</i></h4>
+
+<h4><i>(For the Mirror.)</i></h4>
+
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>To mark th' excess of priestly pow'r</p>
+<p>To keep in mind that gorgeous hour,</p>
+<p>Thou art no Popish monument,</p>
+<p>Altho' by Wolsey thou wer't sent,</p>
+<p>From thine own native Italy</p>
+<p>To tell where his proud ashes lie.</p>
+<p>To thee a nobler part is given!</p>
+<p>A prouder task design'd by heav'n!</p>
+<p>'Tis thine the sea chief's grave to shroud,</p>
+<p>Idol and wonder of the crowd!</p>
+<p>The bravest heart that ever stood</p>
+<p>The shock of battle on the flood!</p>
+<p>The stoutest arm that ever led</p>
+<p>A warrior o'er the ocean's bed!</p>
+<p>Whose name long dreaded on the sea</p>
+<p>Alone secured the victory!</p>
+<p>His Britain sea-girt stood alone,</p>
+<p>Whilst all the earth was heard to moan,</p>
+<p>Beneath war's iron&mdash;iron rod,</p>
+<p>Trusting in Nelson as her god.&mdash;CYMBELINE.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page131" id="page131"></a>[pg 131]</span>
+<h3>COINAGE OF THE ANCIENT BRITONS.</h3>
+
+<h4><i>(For the Mirror.)</i></h4>
+
+
+<p>In 1749, a considerable number of gold
+coins were discovered on the top of Karnbre,
+in Cornwall, which are clearly proved
+to have belonged to the ancient Britons.
+The figures that were first stamped on the
+coins of all nations were those of oxen,
+horses, sheep, &amp;c. It may, therefore, be
+concluded, that the coins of any country
+which have only the figures of cattle
+stamped on them, and perhaps of trees,
+representing the woods in which their
+cattle pastured,&mdash;were the most ancient
+coins of the country. Some of the gold
+coins found at Karnbre, and described by
+Dr. Borlase, are of this kind, and may be
+justly esteemed the most ancient of our
+British coins. Sovereigns soon became
+aware of the importance of money, and
+took the fabrication of it under their own
+direction, ordering their own heads to be
+impressed on one side of the coins, while
+the figure of some animal still continued
+to be stamped on the other. Of this kind
+are some of the Karnbre coins, with a royal
+head on one side, and a horse on the other.
+When the knowledge and use of letters
+were once introduced into any country, it
+would not be long before they appeared
+on its coins, expressing the names of the
+princes whose heads were stamped on
+them. This was a very great improvement
+in the art of coining, and gave an
+additional value to the money, by preserving
+the memories of princes, and giving
+light to history. Our British ancestors
+were acquainted with this improvement
+before they were subdued by the Romans,
+as several coins of ancient Britain have
+very plain and perfect inscriptions, and
+on that account merit particular attention.</p>
+
+<p>INA.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>ANIMAL FOOD.</h3>
+
+<h4><i>(For the Mirror.)</i></h4>
+
+
+<p>It is generally allowed, that a profusion
+of animal food has a tendency to vitiate
+and debase the nature and dispositions of
+men; notwithstanding, the lovers of flesh
+urge the names of many of the most eminent
+in literature and science, in opposition
+to this assertion.</p>
+
+<p>Plutarch attributed the stupidity of his
+countrymen, the Boeotians, to the profusion
+of animal food which they consumed,
+and even now, our lovely, soup drinking,
+coffee sipping friends on the continent,
+attribute the saturnine, melancholy, and
+bearish dispositions of John Bull, to his
+partiality for,</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"The famous roast-beef of Old England."</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>A facetious, philosophical, friend of
+mine, lately amused me with some remarks,
+on the nature and properties of
+different kinds of food. "We know,"
+said he, "that one herb produces <i>this</i>
+effect, and another <i>that</i>; that different
+species and varieties of plants have different
+virtues; and, why may we not infer
+that the same rule extends to animated
+nature; that our fish, flesh, and fowl, not
+only serve as nutriment, but that each
+kind possesses peculiar and individual
+properties."</p>
+
+<p>This will account for the <i>piggish</i> habits
+and propensities so conspicuous in the inhabitants
+of certain places in England,
+and whose partiality for <i>swine's flesh</i>, is
+proverbial. The <i>sheepish</i> manners of our
+students and school-boys, may also be
+attributed to the <i>mutton</i> so generally alloted
+to them. I might continue my observations,
+<i>ad infinitum</i>. I might say,
+that the <i>wisdom of the goose</i> was discoverable
+in&mdash;whose love of that, "most
+abused of God's creatures," is well
+known: and that the sea-side predilections
+of a certain Bart., of festive notoriety, were
+occasioned by his partiality for turtle.</p>
+
+<p>QUÆSITOR.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>WHITEHALL.</h3>
+
+<h3>MARRIAGE OF ANNE BOLEYN</h3>
+
+<h4><i>(For the Mirror)</i></h4>
+
+
+<p>The extraordinary revolution which took
+place in our religious institutions in the
+time of Henry VIII., has rendered his
+reign one of the most important in the
+annals of ecclesiastical history. For the
+great changes at that glorious æra, the
+reformation, when the clouds of ignorance
+and superstition were dispelled, we are
+principally indebted to the beauteous, but
+unfortunate Anne Boleyn, whose influence
+with the haughty monarch, was the
+chief cause of the abolition of the papal
+supremacy in England; one of the greatest
+blessings ever bestowed by a monarch on
+his country. Intimately associated with,
+and the principal scene of these important
+events, was the ancient palace of
+Whitehall,<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> which Henry, into whose
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page132" id="page132"></a>[pg 132]</span>
+possession it came on the premunire of
+Wolsey, considerably enlarged and beautified,
+changing its name from that of
+York Place, to the one by which it is still
+designated.</p>
+
+<p>In this building, an event, the most important,
+in its consequences, recorded in
+the history of any country, took place,&mdash;the
+marriage of Anne Boleyn, who had been
+created Countess of Pembroke, with the
+"stern Harry." The precise period of
+these nuptials, owing to the secrecy with
+which they were performed, is involved
+in considerable obscurity, and has given
+rise to innumerable controversies among
+historians; the question not being even
+to this hour satisfactorily decided as to
+whether they were solemnized in the
+month of <i>November</i>, 1532, or in that of
+<i>January</i>, 1533. Hall,<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a> Holinshed,<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a> and
+Grafton, whose authority several of our
+more modern historians<a id="footnotetag6" name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a> have followed,
+place it on the 14th of November, 1532,
+the Feast Day of St. Erkenwald; but
+Stow<a id="footnotetag7" name="footnotetag7"></a><a href="#footnote7"><sup>7</sup></a> informs us, that it was celebrated
+on the 25th of January 1533; and his
+assertion bears considerable weight, being
+corroborated by a letter from Archbishop
+Cranmer, dated "the xvij daye of June,"
+1533, from his "manor of Croydon," to
+Hawkyns, the embassador at the emperor's
+court. In this letter the prelate
+says, "she was marid muche about <i>St.
+Paules daye</i> last, as the condicion thereof
+dothe well appere by reason she ys now
+sumwhat bygg with chylde."<a id="footnotetag8" name="footnotetag8"></a><a href="#footnote8"><sup>8</sup></a> This
+statement, coming as it does from so authentic
+a source, and coinciding with the
+accounts of Stow, Wyatt,<a id="footnotetag9" name="footnotetag9"></a><a href="#footnote9"><sup>9</sup></a> and Godwin<a id="footnotetag10" name="footnotetag10"></a><a href="#footnote10"><sup>10</sup></a>
+may, we think, be regarded as the most
+correct. Her marriage was not made
+known until the following Easter, when
+it was publicly proclaimed, and preparations
+made for her coronation, which was
+conducted with extraordinary magnificence
+in Whitsuntide. Her becoming
+pregnant soon after her marriage "gave
+great satisfaction to the king, and was regarded
+by the people as a strong proof of
+the queen's former modesty and virtue."<a id="footnotetag11" name="footnotetag11"></a><a href="#footnote11"><sup>11</sup></a>
+This latter circumstance, however, has
+not met with that consideration among
+historians which it appears to merit; for
+we must remember that Elizabeth was
+born on the 7th of the following September,
+an event, which would perhaps rather
+tend to confirm the opinion of Hall, in
+contradiction to that of Stow, if, indeed,
+Anne had been proof against the advances
+of Henry, previous to their marriage,
+which some writers have doubted.</p>
+
+<p>Lingard, whose History is now in the
+course of publication, intimates that the
+ceremony was performed "in a garret, at
+the western end of the palace of Whitehall;"<a id="footnotetag12" name="footnotetag12"></a><a href="#footnote12"><sup>12</sup></a>
+this, however, when we consider
+the haughty character of Henry, is totally
+improbable, and rests entirely on the authority
+of one solitary manuscript. There
+is no reason, however, to doubt but that
+they were married in some apartment in that
+palace, and most probably in the king's
+private closet.<a id="footnotetag13" name="footnotetag13"></a><a href="#footnote13"><sup>13</sup></a> Dr. Rowland Lee, one
+of the royal chaplains, and afterwards
+Bishop of Coventry officiated, in the presence
+only of the Duke of Norfolk, uncle
+to the Lady Anne, and her father, mother,
+and brother. Lord Herbert,<a id="footnotetag14" name="footnotetag14"></a><a href="#footnote14"><sup>14</sup></a> whose authority
+has been quoted by Hume, says,
+that Cranmer was also present, but this is
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page133" id="page133"></a>[pg 133]</span>
+undoubtedly an error, as that prelate had
+only just then returned from Germany,
+and was not informed of the circumstance
+until two weeks afterwards, as appears
+from the following passage in his letter to
+Hawkyns, before quoted:&mdash;"Yt hath bin
+reported thorowte a greate parte of the
+realme that I married her; which was
+playnly false, for I myself knew not
+thereof a fortenyght after it was donne."</p>
+
+<p>It may not, perhaps, prove uninteresting
+to our readers, or quite irrelevant to
+the subject, to close this brief account of
+the marriage of Anne Boleyn, with the
+copy of a letter from that queen to "Squire
+Josselin, upon ye birth of Q. Elizabth,"
+preserved among the manuscripts in the
+British Museum.<a id="footnotetag15" name="footnotetag15"></a><a href="#footnote15"><sup>15</sup></a></p>
+
+<p>"By the Queen&mdash;Trusty and well
+beloved wee greet you well. And whereas
+it hath pleased ye goodness of Almighty
+God of his infinite mercy and grace to
+send unto vs at this tyme good speed in
+ye deliverance and bringing forth of a
+Princess to ye great joye and inward
+comfort of my lord. Us, and of all his
+good and loving subjects of this his
+realme ffor ye which his inestimable beneuolence
+soe shewed unto vs. We have
+noe little cause to give high thankes,
+laude and praysing unto our said Maker,
+like as we doe most lowly, humbly, and
+wth all ye inward desire of our heart.
+And inasmuch as wee undoubtedly trust
+yt this our good is to you great pleasure,
+comfort, and consolacion; wee therefore
+by these our Lrs aduertise you thereof,
+desiring and heartily praying you to give
+wth vs unto Almighty God, high thankes,
+glory, laud, and praising, and to pray for
+ye good health, prosperity, and continuall
+preservation of ye sd Princess accordingly.
+Yeoven under our Signett at my Lds
+Manner of Greenwch,<a id="footnotetag16" name="footnotetag16"></a><a href="#footnote16"><sup>16</sup></a> ye 7th day of
+September, in ye 25th yeare of my said
+Lds raigne, An. Dno. 1533."</p>
+
+<p>S.I.B.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<h2><b>Memorable Days.</b></h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>COLLOP MONDAY.</h3>
+
+
+<p>Collop Monday is the day before
+Shrove Tuesday, and in many parts is
+made a day of great feasting on account
+of the approaching Lent. It is so called,
+because it was the last day allowed for
+eating animal food before Lent; and our
+ancestors cut up their fresh meat into
+collops, or steaks, for salting or hanging
+up until Lent was over; and even now in
+many places it is still a custom to have
+eggs and collops, or slices of bacon, for
+dinner on this day.</p>
+
+<p>In Westmoreland, and particularly at
+Brough, where I have witnessed it many
+times, the good people kill a great many
+pigs about a week or two previous to
+Lent, which have been carefully fattened
+up for the occasion. The good housewife
+is busily occupied in salting the
+flitches and hams to hang up in the "pantry,"
+and in cutting the fattest parts of
+the pig for collops on this day. The
+most luscious cuts are baked in a pot in
+an oven, and the fat poured out into a
+bladder, as it runs out of the meat, for
+hog's-lard. When all the lard has been
+drained off, the remains (which are called
+<i>cracklings</i>, being then baked quite crisp)
+resemble the crackling on a leg of pork,
+are eaten with potatoes, and from the
+quantity of salt previously added to them,
+to preserve the lard, are unpalatable to
+many mouths. The rough farmers' men,
+however, devour them as a savoury dish,
+and every time "lard" is being made,
+<i>cracklings</i> are served up for the servants'
+dinner. Indeed, even the more respectable
+classes partake of this dish.</p>
+
+<p>PIG-FRY&mdash;This is a Collop Monday
+dish, and is a necessary appendage to
+"<i>cracklings</i>." It consists of the fattest
+parts of the entrails of the pig, broiled in
+an oven. Numerous herbs, spices, &amp;c.
+are added to it; and upon the whole, it is
+a more sightly "<i>course</i>" at table than fat
+cracklings. Sometimes the good wife indulges
+her house with a pancake, as an
+assurance that she has not forgotten to
+provide for Shrove Tuesday. The servants
+are also treated with "a drop of
+something good" on this occasion; and
+are allowed (if they have nothing of importance
+to require their immediate attention)
+to spend the afternoon in conviviality.</p>
+
+<p>AVVER BREAD.&mdash;During Lent, in
+the same county, a great quantity of
+bread, called avver bread, is made. It
+is of <i>oats</i>, leavened and kneaded into a
+large, thin, round cake, which is placed
+upon a "<i>girdle</i>"<a id="footnotetag17" name="footnotetag17"></a><a href="#footnote17"><sup>17</sup></a> over the fire. The
+bread is about the thickness of a "lady's"
+slice of bread and butter.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page134" id="page134"></a>[pg 134]</span>
+I am totally unable to give a definition
+of the word <i>avver</i>, and should feel
+much gratified by any correspondent's
+elucidation. I think <i>P.T.W</i>. may possibly
+assist me on this point; and if so, I
+shall be much obliged. There is an evident
+corruption in it. I have sometimes
+thought that avver means oaten, although
+I have no other authority than from knowing
+the strange pronunciation given to
+other words.</p>
+
+<p>W.H.H.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+<h2><b>The Contemporary Traveller.</b></h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>DESCRIPTION OF MEKKA.</h3>
+
+
+<p>Mekka maybe styled a handsome town;
+its streets are in general broader than
+those of eastern cities; the houses lofty,
+and built of stone; and the numerous
+windows that face the streets give them a
+more lively and European aspect than
+those of Egypt or Syria, where the houses
+present but few windows towards the exterior.
+Mekka (like Djidda) contains
+many houses three stories high; few at
+Mekka are white-washed; but the dark
+grey colour of the stone is much preferable
+to the glaring white that offends the
+eye in Djidda. In most towns of the
+Levant the narrowness of a street contributes
+to its coolness; and in countries
+where wheel-carriages are not used, a
+space that allows two loaded camels to
+pass each other is deemed sufficient. At
+Mekka, however, it was necessary to
+leave the passages wide, for the innumerable
+visiters who here crowd together;
+and it is in the houses adapted for the reception
+of pilgrims and other sojourners,
+that the windows are so contrived as to
+command a view of the streets.</p>
+
+<p>The city is open on every side; but
+the neighbouring mountains, if properly
+defended, would form a barrier of considerable
+strength against an enemy. In
+former times it had three walls to protect
+its extremities; one was built across the
+valley, at the street of Mala; another at
+the quarter of Shebeyka; and the third at
+the valley opening into the Mesfale.
+These walls were repaired in A.H. 816
+and 828, and in a century after some
+traces of them still remained.</p>
+
+<p>The only public place in the body of
+the town is the ample square of the great
+mosque; no trees or gardens cheer the
+eye; and the scene is enlivened only during
+the Hadj by the great number of
+well stored shops which are found in
+every quarter. Except four or five large
+houses belonging to the Sherif, two <i>medreses</i>
+or colleges (now converted into
+corn magazines,) and the mosque, with
+some buildings and schools attached to it,
+Mekka cannot boast of any public edifices,
+and in this respect is, perhaps,
+more deficient than any other eastern city
+of the same size. Neither khans, for the
+accommodation of travellers, or for the
+deposit of merchandize, nor palaces of
+grandees, nor mosques, which adorn
+every quarter of other towns in the East,
+are here to be seen; and we may perhaps
+attribute this want of splendid buildings
+to the veneration which its inhabitants
+entertain for their temple; this prevents
+them from constructing any edifice which
+might possibly pretend to rival it.</p>
+
+<p>The houses have windows looking towards
+the street; of these many project
+from the wall, and have their frame-work
+elaborately carved, or gaudily painted.
+Before them hang blinds made of slight
+reeds, which exclude flies and gnats while
+they admit fresh air. Every house has
+its terrace, the floor of which (composed
+of a preparation from lime-stone) is built
+with a slight inclination, so that the rain-water
+runs off through gutters into the
+street; for the rains here are so irregular
+that it is not worth while to collect the
+water of them in cisterns, as is done in
+Syria. The terraces are concealed from
+view by slight parapet walls; for throughout
+the east, it is reckoned discreditable
+that a man should appear upon the terrace,
+whence he might be accused of
+looking at women in the neighbouring
+houses, as the females pass much of their
+time on the terraces, employed in various
+domestic occupations, such as drying
+corn, hanging up linen, &amp;c. The Europeans
+of Aleppo alone enjoy the privilege
+of frequenting their terraces, which
+are often beautifully built of stone; here
+they resort during the summer evenings,
+and often to sup and pass the night. All
+the houses of the Mekkawys, except
+those of the principal and richest inhabitants,
+are constructed for the accommodation
+of lodgers, being divided into
+many apartments, separated from each
+other, and each consisting of a sitting-room
+and a small kitchen. Since the pilgrimage,
+which has begun to decline,
+(this happened before the Wahaby conquest,)
+many of the Mekkawys, no longer
+deriving profit from the letting of their
+lodgings, found themselves unable to afford
+the expense of repairs; and thus
+numerous buildings in the out-skirts
+have fallen completely into ruin, and the
+town itself exhibits in every street houses
+rapidly decaying. I saw only one of recent
+construction; it was in the quarter
+of El Shebeyka, belonged to a Sherif,
+and cost, as report said, one hundred and
+fifty purses; such a house might have
+been built at Cairo for sixty purses.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page135" id="page135"></a>[pg 135]</span>
+The streets are all unpaved; and in
+summer time the sand and dust in them
+are as great a nuisance as the mud is in
+the rainy season, during which they are
+scarcely passable after a shower; for in
+the interior of the town the water does
+not run off, but remains till it is dried up.
+It may be ascribed to the destructive
+rains, which, though of shorter duration
+than in other tropical countries, fall with
+considerable violence, that no ancient
+buildings are found in Mekka. The
+mosque itself has undergone so many repairs
+under different sultans, that it may
+be called a modern structure; and of the
+houses, I do not think there exists one
+older than four centuries; it is not, therefore,
+in this place, that the traveller
+must look for interesting specimens of
+architecture or such beautiful remains of
+Saracenic structures as are still admired
+in Syria, Egypt, Barbary, and Spain.
+In this respect the ancient and far-famed
+Mekka is surpassed by the smallest provincial
+towns of Syria or Egypt. The
+same may be said with respect to Medina,
+and I suspect that the towns of Yemen
+are generally poor in architectural remains.</p>
+
+<p>Mekka is deficient in those regulations
+of police which are customary in Eastern
+cities. The streets are totally dark at
+night, no lamps of any kind being lighted;
+its different quarters are without
+gates, differing in this respect also from
+most Eastern towns, where each quarter
+is regularly shut up after the last evening
+prayers. The town may therefore be
+crossed at any time of the night, and the
+same attention is not paid here to the security
+of merchants, as well as of husbands,
+(on whose account principally,
+the quarters are closed,) as in Syrian or
+Egyptian towns of equal magnitude. The
+dirt and sweepings of the houses are cast
+into the streets, where they soon become
+dust or mud according to the season.
+The same custom seems to have prevailed
+equally in ancient times; for I did not
+perceive in the skirts of the town any of
+those heaps of rubbish which are usually
+found near the large towns of Turkey.</p>
+
+<p>With respect to water, the most important
+of all supplies, and that which
+always forms the first object of inquiry
+among Asiatics, Mekka is not much better
+provided than Djidda; there are but
+few cisterns for collecting rain, and the
+well-water is so brackish that it is used
+only for culinary purposes, except during
+the time of the pilgrimage, when the
+lowest class of hadjys drink it. The famous
+well of Zemzem, in the great
+mosque, is indeed sufficiently copious to
+supply the whole town; but, however
+holy, its water is heavy to the taste and
+impedes digestion; the poorer classes besides
+have not permission to fill their
+water-skins with it at pleasure. The
+best water in Mekka is brought by a conduit
+from the vicinity of Arafat, six or
+seven hours distant. The present government,
+instead of constructing similar
+works, neglects even the repairs and
+requisite cleansing of this aqueduct. It
+is wholly built of stone; and all those
+parts of it which appear above ground,
+are covered with a thick layer of stone
+and cement. I heard that it had not
+been cleaned during the last fifty years;
+the consequence of this negligence is,
+that the most of the water is lost in its
+passage to the city through apertures, or
+slowly forces its way through the obstructing
+sediment, though it flows in a
+full stream into the head of the aqueduct
+at Arafat. The supply which it affords
+in ordinary times is barely sufficient for
+the use of the inhabitants, and during
+the pilgrimage sweet water becomes an
+absolute scarcity; a small skin of water
+(two of which skins a person may carry)
+being then often sold for one shilling&mdash;a
+very high price among Arabs.</p>
+
+<p>There are two places in the interior
+of Mekka where the aqueduct runs
+above ground; there the water is let off
+into small channels or fountains, at which
+some slaves of the Sherif are stationed,
+to exact a toll from persons filling their
+water-skins. In the time of the Hadj,
+these fountains are surrounded day and
+night by crowds of people quarrelling and
+fighting for access to the water. During
+the late siege, the Wahabys cut off the
+supply of water from the aqueduct; and
+it was not till some time after, that the
+injury which this structure then received,
+was partially repaired.</p>
+
+<p>There is a small spring which oozes
+from under the rocks behind the great palace
+of the Sherif, called Beit el Sad; it
+is said to afford the best water in this
+country, but the supply is very scanty.
+The spring is enclosed, and appropriated
+wholly to the Sherif's family.</p>
+
+<p>Beggars, and infirm or indigent hadjys,
+often entreat the passengers in the streets
+of Mekka for a draught of sweet water;
+they particularly surround the water-stands,
+which are seen in every corner,
+and where, for two paras in the time of
+the Hadj, and for one para, at other
+times, as much water may be obtained
+as will fill a jar.&mdash;<i>Burckhardt's Travels
+in Arabia</i>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page136" id="page136"></a>[pg 136]</span>
+<h2><b>The Naturalist.</b></h2>
+
+<div class="figure" style="width:100%;"><a href="images/358-2.png"><img width="100%" src="images/358-2.png" alt="FLAKES OF SNOW MAGNIFIED." /></a> FLAKES OF SNOW MAGNIFIED.</div>
+
+<h3>FLAKES OF SNOW MAGNIFIED.</h3>
+
+<p>Snow is one of the treasures of the atmosphere.
+Its wonderful construction,
+and the beautiful regularity of its figures,
+have been the object of a treatise by
+Erasmus Bartholine, who published in
+1661, "<i>De Figurâ Nivis Dissertatio</i>,"
+with observations of his brother Thomas
+on the use of snow in medicine. On examining
+the flakes of snow with a magnifying
+glass before they melt, (which
+may easily be done by making the experiment
+in the open air,) they will appear composed
+of fine shining spicula or points,
+diverging like rays from a centre. As the
+flakes fall down through the atmosphere,
+they are joined by more of these radiated
+spicula, and thus increase in bulk like
+the drops of rain or hail-stones. Dr.
+Green says, "that many parts of snow
+are of a regular figure, for the most part
+so many little rowels or stars of six points,
+and are as perfect and transparent ice as
+any seen on a pond. Upon each of these
+points are other collateral points set at
+the same angles as the main points themselves;
+among these there are divers others,
+irregular, which are chiefly broken points
+and fragments of the regular ones. Others
+also, by various winds, seem to have been
+thawed and frozen again into irregular
+clusters; so that it seems as if the whole
+body of snow was an infinite mass of icicles
+irregularly figured. That is, a cloud
+of vapours being gathered into drops,
+those drops forthwith descend, and in their
+descent, meeting with a freezing air as
+they pass through a colder region, each
+drop is immediately frozen into an icicle,
+shooting itself forth into several points;
+but these still continuing their descent,
+and meeting with some intermitting gales
+of warmer air, or, in their continual waftage
+to and fro, touching upon each other
+are a little thawed, blunted, and frozen
+into clusters, or entangled so as to fall
+down in what we call flakes." But we
+are not, (says the author of the "Contemplative
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page137" id="page137"></a>[pg 137]</span>
+Philosopher,") to consider snow
+merely as a curious phenomenon. The
+Great Disposer of universal bounty has
+so ordered it, that it is eminently subservient,
+as well as all the works of creation,
+to his benevolent designs.</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"He gives the winter's snow her airy birth,</p>
+<p>And bids her virgin fleeces clothe the earth."</p>
+<p class="i10">                               SANDYS.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>P.T.W.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>MONKEYS AT GIBRALTAR.</h3>
+
+
+<p>Though Gibraltar abounds with monkeys,
+there are none to be found in the
+rest of Spain; this is supposed to be occasioned
+by the following circumstance;&mdash;The
+waters of the Propontis, which
+anciently might be nothing but a lake
+formed by the Granicus and Rhyndacus,
+finding it more easy to work themselves a
+canal by the Dardanelles than any other
+way, spread into the Mediterranean, and
+forcing a passage into the ocean between
+Mount Atlas and Calpe, separated the
+rock from the coast of Africa; and the
+monkeys being taken by surprise, were
+compelled to be carried with it over to
+Europe, "These animals," says a resident
+at Gibraltar, "are now in high
+favour here. The lieutenant-governor,
+General Don, has taken them under his
+protection, and threatened with fine and
+imprisonment any one who shall in any
+way molest them. They have increased
+rapidly, of course. Many of them are as
+large as our dogs; and some of the old
+grandfathers and great-grandfathers are
+considerably larger. I had the good fortune
+to fall in with a family of about ten,
+and had an opportunity of watching for a
+time their motions. There appeared to
+be a father and mother, four or five
+grown-up children, and three that had
+not reached the years of discretion. One
+of them was still at the breast; and although
+he was large enough to be weaned,
+and indeed made his escape as rapidly as
+the mother when they took the alarm, it
+was quite impossible to restrain laughter
+when one saw the mother, with great gravity,
+sitting nursing the little elf, with
+her hand behind it, and the older children
+skipping up and down the walls, and
+playing all sorts of antic tricks with one
+another. They made their escape with
+the utmost rapidity, leaping over rocks
+and precipices with great agility, and evidently
+unconscious of fear."</p>
+
+<p>W.G.C.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+<h2><b>The Selector,</b></h2>
+
+<h2>AND</h2>
+
+<h2>LITERARY NOTICES OF</h2>
+
+<h2><i>NEW WORKS</i></h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>THE GREAT WORLD OF FASHION.</h3>
+
+
+<p>Satire is the pantomime of literature,
+and harlequin's jacket, his black vizor,
+and his eel-like lubricity, are so many
+harmless satires on the weak sides of our
+nature. The pen of the satirist is as effective
+as the pencil of the artist; and
+provided it draw well, cannot fail to prove
+as attractive. Indeed, the characters of
+pantomime, harlequin, columbine, clown,
+and pantaloon, make up the best <i>quarto</i>
+that has ever appeared on the manners
+and follies of the times; and they may
+be turned to as grave an account as any
+page of Seneca's Morals, or Cicero's Disputations;
+however various the means,
+the end, or object, is the same, and all is
+rounded with a sleep.</p>
+
+<p>"The Great World," in the language
+of satire, is the "glass of fashion and
+the mould of form." Its geography and
+history are as perpetually changing as the
+modes of St. James's, or the features of
+one of its toasted beauties; and what is
+written of it to-day may be dry, and its
+time be out of joint, before it has escaped
+the murky precincts of the printing-house.
+It is subtlety itself, and we know
+not "whence it cometh, and whither it
+goeth." Its philosophy is concentric, for
+this Great World consists of thousands of
+little worlds, <i>usque ad infinitum</i>, and we
+do well if we become not giddy with
+looking on the wheels of its vicissitudes.</p>
+
+<p>We know not whom we have to thank
+for the pamphlet of sixty pages&mdash;entitled
+"A Geographical and Historical Account
+of the Great World"&mdash;now before
+us. It bears the imprint of "Ridgway,
+Piccadilly," so that it is published at the
+gate of the very region it describes&mdash;like
+the accounts of <i>Pere la Chaise</i>, sold at
+its <i>concierge</i>. Annexed is a Map of the
+Great World&mdash;but the author has not
+"attempted to lay down the longitude;
+the only measurements hitherto made being
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page138" id="page138"></a>[pg 138]</span>
+confined to the west of the meridian
+of St. James's Strait." Then the author
+tells us of the atomic hypothesis of the
+formation of the Great World. "These
+rules, for the performance of what appears
+to be an atomic quadrille, are furnished
+by Sir H. Davy, elected by the Great
+World, master of the ceremonies for the
+preservation of order, and prescribing
+rules for the regulation of the Universe."
+"The surface of the Great World, or
+rather its crust, has been ascertained to be
+exceedingly shallow."</p>
+
+<p>The inhabitants of the Great World,
+in its diurnal rotation, receive no light
+from the sun till a few hours before the
+time of its setting with us, when it also
+sets with them, so that they are inconvenienced
+for a short time only, by its
+light. In its annual orbit, it has but one
+season, which, though called Spring, is
+subject to the most sudden alternations of
+heat and cold. The females have a singular
+method of protecting themselves
+from the baneful effects of these violent
+changes, which is worthy of notice:&mdash;they
+wrap themselves up, during the
+short time the sun shines, in pelisses,
+shawls, and cloaks, their heads being protected
+by hats, whose umbrageous brims
+so far exceed in dimensions the little umbrellas
+raised above them, that a stranger
+is at a loss to conjecture the use of the
+latter. Shortly after the sun has set,
+these habiliments are all thrown off,
+dresses of gossamer are substituted in
+their place, and the fair wearers rush out
+into the open air, to enjoy the cool night
+breezes.</p>
+
+<p>This is but the "Companion to the
+Map." The Voyage to the several Islands
+of the Great World, "is in a frame-work
+of the adventures of Sir Heedless
+Headlong, who neither reaches the Great
+World by a balloon, nor Perkins's steam-gun.
+He cruises about St. James's
+Straits, makes for Idler's Harbour, in
+Alba; is repulsed, but with a friend,
+Jack Rashleigh, journeys to Society Island,
+lands at Small Talk Bay, and makes
+for the capital, Flirtington. He first visits
+a general assembly of the leaders
+of the isle. At the house of assembly
+the rush of charioteers was so great,
+that it is impossible to say what might
+have been the consequence of the general
+confusion, or how many lives might
+have been lost, but for the interference
+of a little man in a flaxen wig, and broad-brimmed
+hat, with a cane in his hand, whose
+authority is said to extend equally over
+ladies and pickpockets of all degrees."<a id="footnotetag18" name="footnotetag18"></a><a href="#footnote18"><sup>18</sup></a>
+Then comes an exquisite bit of badinage
+on that most stupid of all stupidities, a
+fashionable rout.</p>
+
+<p>"On entering the walls, my surprise
+may be partly conceived, at finding those
+persons, whom I had seen so eagerly
+striving to gain admittance, crowded together
+in a capacious vapour bath, heated
+to so high a temperature, that had I not
+been aware of the strict prohibition of
+science, I should have imagined the meeting
+to have been held for the purpose of
+ascertaining, by experiment, the greatest
+degree of heat which the human frame is
+capable of supporting. That they should
+choose such a place for their deliberations
+upon the welfare of the island, appeared
+to me extraordinary, and only to be accounted
+for upon the supposition that it
+was intended to carry off, by evaporation,
+that internal heat to which the assemblies
+of legislators of some other countries are
+known to be subject. Judging from the
+grave and melancholy countenances of the
+persons assembled, I councluded the affairs
+of the island to be in a very disasterous
+state; and I could discover very
+little either said or done, at all calculated
+to advance its interests. Of the capital
+itself, some members said a few words;
+but, to use the language of our Globe, in
+so inaudible a tone of voice, that we could
+scarcely catch their import. The principal
+subject of their discussion consisted
+of complaining of the extreme heat of the
+bath, and mutual inquiries respecting
+their intention of immersing themselves
+in any others that were open the same
+night."</p>
+
+<p>He next satirizes a fashionable dinner,
+the parks, the Horticultural Society, some
+pleasant jokes upon a rosy mother and
+her parsnip-pale daughters, and an admirable
+piece of fun upon the female oligarchy
+of Almacks.</p>
+
+<p>"From hence I made a trip to Crocky's
+Island, situated on the opposite side of
+the Strait. On landing at Hellgate, within
+Fools' Inlet my surprise was much excited
+by the prodigious flocks of gulls,
+pigeons, and geese, which were directing
+their flight towards the Great Fish Lake,
+whither I, too, was making my way. I
+concluded their object was to procure
+food, of which a profusion was here
+spread before them, consisting of every
+thing which such birds most delight to
+peck at; but no sooner had they settled
+near the bank, than they were seized upon
+by a Fisherman, (who was lying in wait
+for them,) and completely plucked of
+their feathers, an operation to which they
+very quietly submitted, and were then
+suffered to depart. Upon inquiring his
+motive for what appeared to me a wanton
+act of cruelty, he told me his intention
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page139" id="page139"></a>[pg 139]</span>
+was to stuff his bed with the feathers;
+'or,' added he, 'if you <i>vill</i>, to feather
+my nest.' Being myself an admirer of
+a soft bed, I saw no reason why I should
+not employ myself in the same way; but
+owing, perhaps, to my being a novice in
+the art, and not knowing how to manage
+the birds properly, they were but little
+disposed to submit themselves to my
+hands; and, in the attempt, I found myself
+so completely covered with feathers,
+that which of the three descriptions of
+birds aforesaid I most resembled, it would
+have been difficult to determine. The
+fisherman, seeing my situation, was proceeding
+to add to the stock of feathers
+which he had collected in a great bag, by
+plucking those from my person, when,
+wishing to save him any further trouble,
+I hurried back to Hellgate."</p>
+
+<p>We cannot accompany Sir Heedless
+any further; but must conclude with a
+few piquancies from the <i>Vocabulary of
+the Language of the Great World</i>, which
+is as necessary to the enjoyment of fashionable
+life, as is a glossary to an elementary
+scientific treatise:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><i>At Home.</i>&mdash;Making your house as unlike
+home as possible, by turning every
+thing topsy-turvy, removing your furniture,
+and squeezing as many people into
+your rooms as can be compressed together.</p>
+
+<p><i>Not at Home.</i>&mdash;Sitting in your own
+room, engaged in reading a new novel,
+writing notes, or other important business.</p>
+
+<p><i>Affection.</i>&mdash;A painful sensation, such
+as gout, rheumatism, cramp, head-ache,
+&amp;c.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mourning.</i>&mdash;An outward covering of
+black, put on by the relatives of any deceased
+person of consequence, or by persons
+succeeding to a large fortune, as an
+emblem of their grief upon so melancholy
+an event.</p>
+
+<p><i>Morning.</i>&mdash;The time corresponding to
+that between our noon and sun-set.</p>
+
+<p><i>Evening.</i>&mdash;The time between our sun-set
+and sun-rise.</p>
+
+<p><i>Night.</i>&mdash;-The time between our sun-rise
+and noon.</p>
+
+<p><i>Domestic.</i>&mdash;An epithet applied to cats,
+dogs, and other tame animals, keeping at
+home.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reflection.</i>&mdash;The person viewed in a
+looking-glass.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tenderness.</i>&mdash;A property belonging to
+meat long kept.</p>
+
+<p><i>An Undress.</i>&mdash;A thick covering of
+garments.</p>
+
+<p><i>A Treasure.</i>&mdash;A lady's maid, skilful
+in the mysteries of building up heads,
+and pulling down characters; ingenious
+in the construction of caps, capes, and
+scandal, and judicious in the application
+of paint and flattery; also, a footman,
+who knows, at a single glance, what visiters
+to admit to the presence of his mistress,
+and whom to refuse.</p>
+
+<p><i>Immortality</i>.&mdash;An imaginary privilege
+of living for ever, conferred upon heroes,
+poets, and patriots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Taste</i>.&mdash;The art of discerning the precise
+shades of difference constituting a bad
+or well dressed man, woman, or dinner.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tact</i>.&mdash;The art of wheedling a rich old
+relation, winning an heiress, or dismissing
+duns with the payment of fair promises.</p>
+
+<p><i>Album</i>.&mdash;A ledger kept by ladies for
+the entry of compliments, in rhyme, paid
+<i>on demand</i> to their beautiful hair, complexions
+fair, the dimpled chin, the smiles
+that win, the ruby lips, where the bee
+sips, &amp;c. &amp;c.; the whole amount being
+transferred to their private account from
+the public stock.</p>
+
+<p><i>Resignation</i>.&mdash;Giving up a place.</p>
+
+<p><i>A Heathen</i>.&mdash;An infidel to the tenets
+of ton, a Goth; a monster; a vulgar
+wretch. One who eats twice of soup,
+swills beer, <i>takes</i> wine, knows nothing
+about ennui, dyspepsia, or peristaltic persuaders,
+and does not play ecarté; a
+creature&mdash;nobody.</p>
+
+<p><i>Vice</i>.&mdash;An instrument made use of by
+ladies in <i>netting</i> for the purpose of securing
+their work.</p>
+
+<p><i>A Martyr</i>.&mdash;A gentleman subject to
+the gout.</p>
+
+<p><i>Temperate</i>.&mdash;&mdash;Quiet, an epithet applied
+only to horses.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bore</i>.&mdash;A country acquaintance, or relation,
+a leg of mutton, a hackney-coach,
+&amp;c., children, or a family party.</p>
+
+<p><i>Love</i>.&mdash;Admiration of a large fortune.</p>
+
+<p><i>Courage</i>.&mdash;Shooting a fellow creature,
+perhaps a friend, from the fear of being
+thought a coward.</p>
+
+<p><i>Christmas</i>.&mdash;That time of year when
+tradesmen, and boys from school, become
+troublesome.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+<h2><b>OLD POETS.</b></h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>A KISS.</h3>
+
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>Best charge and bravest retreat in Cupid's fight,</p>
+<p>A double key which opens to the heart,</p>
+<p>Most rich, when most his riches it impart,</p>
+<p>Nest of young joys, schoolmaster of delight,</p>
+<p>Teaching the mean at once to take and give,</p>
+<p>The friendly stay, where blows both wound and heal,</p>
+<p>The petty death where each in other live,</p>
+<p>Poor hope's first wealth, hostage of promise weak,</p>
+<p>Breakfast of love.</p>
+<p class="i10">                SIR P. SYDNEY.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>SIGHT.</h3>
+
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>&mdash;&mdash;-Nine things to sight required are</p>
+<p class="i2">The power to see, the light, the visible thing:</p>
+<p>Being not too small, too thin, too nigh, too far,</p>
+<p class="i2">Clear space, and time the form distinct to bring.</p>
+<p class="i10">                         J. DAVIES.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page140" id="page140"></a>[pg 140]</span>
+<h3>MERCY AND JUSTICE.</h3>
+
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>Oh who shall show the countenance and gestures</p>
+<p>Of Mercy and Justice; which fair sacred sisters,</p>
+<p>With equal poise doth ever balance even,</p>
+<p>The unchanging projects of the King of heaven.</p>
+<p>The one stern of look, the other mild aspecting,</p>
+<p>The one pleas'd with tears, the other blood affecting;</p>
+<p>The one bears the sword of vengeance unrelenting</p>
+<p>The other brings pardon for the true repenting.</p>
+<p class="i10">                      J. SYLVESTER</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>I know that countenance cannot lie</p>
+<p>Whose thoughts are legible in the eye.</p>
+<p class="i10">                      M. ROYDON.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>INGRATITUDE.</h3>
+
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>Unthankfulness is that great sin,</p>
+<p class="i2">Which made the devil and his angels fall:</p>
+<p>Lost him and them the joys that they were in,</p>
+<p class="i2">And now in hell detains them bound in thrall.</p>
+<p class="i10">                  SIR J. HARRINGTON.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>Thou hateful monster base ingratitude,</p>
+<p class="i2">Soul's mortal poison, deadly killing-wound,</p>
+<p>Deceitful serpent seeking to delude,</p>
+<p class="i2">Black loathsome ditch, where all desert is drown'd;</p>
+<p>Vile pestilence, which all things dost confound.</p>
+<p>At first created to no other end,</p>
+<p>But to grieve those, whom nothing could offend.</p>
+<p class="i10">                      M. DRAYTON.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>HEAVEN.</h3>
+
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>From hence with grace and goodness compass'd round,</p>
+<p class="i2">God ruleth, blesseth, keepeth all he wrought,</p>
+<p>Above the air, the fire, the sea and ground</p>
+<p class="i2">Our sense, our wit, our reason and our thought;</p>
+<p>Where persons three, with power and glory crown'd,</p>
+<p class="i2">Are all one God, who made all things of naught.</p>
+<p class="i4">Under whose feet, subjected to his grace</p>
+<p class="i4">Sit nature, fortune, motion, time and place.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>This is the place from whence like smoke and dust</p>
+<p class="i2">Of this frail world, the wealth, the pomp, the power,</p>
+<p>He tosseth, humbleth, turneth as he lust,</p>
+<p class="i2">And guides our life, our end, our death and hour,</p>
+<p>No eye (however virtuous, pure and just)</p>
+<p class="i2">Can view the brightness of that glorious bower,</p>
+<p class="i4">On every side the blessed spirits be</p>
+<p class="i4">Equal in joys though differing in degree.</p>
+<p class="i10">                           E. FAIRFAX.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>MARRIAGE.</h3>
+
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>In choice of wife prefer the modest chaste,</p>
+<p class="i2">Lilies are fair in show, but foul in smell,</p>
+<p>The sweetest looks by age are soon defaced,</p>
+<p class="i2">Then choose thy wife by wit and loving well.</p>
+<p>Who brings thee wealth, and many faults withal,</p>
+<p>Presents thee honey mix'd with bitter gall.</p>
+<p class="i10">                           D. LODGE.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>PRIDE.</h3>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>Pride is the root of ill in every state,</p>
+<p>The source of sin, the very fiend's fee:</p>
+<p>The bead of hell, the bough, the branch, the tree;</p>
+<p>From which do spring and sprout such fleshly seeds,</p>
+<p>As nothing else but moans and mischief breeds.</p>
+<p class="i10">                         G. GASCOIGNE.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+<h2><b>SPIRIT OF THE</b></h2>
+<h2><b>Public Journals.</b></h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>NOTES FROM THE LONDON REVIEW,</h3>
+
+<h3>NO. 1.</h3>
+
+<h3>ANCIENT AND MODERN LUXURIES.</h3>
+
+
+<p>As a learned doctor, a passionate admirer
+of the Nicotian plant, was not long since
+regaling himself with a pinch of snuff, in
+the study of an old college friend, his
+classical recollections suddenly mixed
+with his present sensation, and suggested
+the following question:&mdash;"If a Greek or
+a Roman were to rise from the grave, how
+would you explain to him the three successive
+enjoyments which we have had
+to-day after dinner,&mdash;tea, coffee, and snuff?
+By what perception or sensation familiar
+to them, would you account for the modern
+use of the three vulgar elements,
+which we see notified on every huckster's
+stall?&mdash;or paint the more refined beatitude
+of a young barrister comfortably
+niched in one of our London divans, concentrating
+his ruminations over a new
+Quarterly, by the aid of a highly-flavoured
+Havannah?" The doctor's friend, whose
+ingenuity is not easily taken at fault, answered,
+"By friction, which was performed
+so consummately in their baths.
+It is no new propensity of animal nature,
+to find pleasure from the combination of
+a <i>stimulant</i>, and a <i>sedative</i>. The ancients
+chafed their skins, and we chafe our stomachs,
+exactly for that same double purpose
+of excitement and repose (let physiologists
+explain their union) which these
+vegetable substances procure now so extensively
+to mankind. In a word, I would
+tell the ancient Greeks or Romans, that
+the dealer in tea, coffee, tobacco, and
+snuff, is to us what the experienced practioner
+of the <i>strigil</i> was to them; with
+this difference, however, that while we
+spare our skins, our stomachs are in danger
+of being tanned into leather."</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>THE STAGE.</h3>
+
+
+<p>We may compare <i>tragedy</i> to a martyrdom
+by one of the old masters; which,
+whatever be its merit, represents persons,
+emotions, and events so remote from the
+experience of the spectator, that he feels
+the grounds of his approbation and blame
+to be in a great measure conjectural. The
+<i>romance</i>, such as we generally have seen
+it, resembles a Gothic window-piece, where
+monarchs and bishops exhibit the symbols
+of their dignity, and saints hold out
+their palm branches, and grotesque monsters
+in blue and gold pursue one another
+through the intricacies of a never-ending
+scroll, splendid in colouring, but childish
+in composition, and imitating nothing in
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page141" id="page141"></a>[pg 141]</span>
+nature but a mass of drapery and jewels
+thrown over the commonest outlines of
+the human figure. The works of the
+<i>comedian</i>, in their least interesting forms,
+are Dutch paintings and caricatures: in
+their best, they are like Wilkie's earlier
+pictures, accurate imitations of pleasing,
+but familiar objects&mdash;admirable as works
+of art, but addressed rather to the judgment
+than to the imagination.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>ENGLISH WOMEN.</h3>
+
+
+<p>Nothing could be more easy than to
+prove, in the reflected light of our literature,
+that from the period of our Revolution
+to the present time, the education of
+women has improved among us, as much,
+at least, as that of men. Unquestionably
+that advancement has been greater within
+the last fifty years, than during any previous
+period of equal length; and it may
+even be doubted whether the modern rage
+of our fair countrywomen for universal
+acquirement has not already been carried
+to a height injurious to the attainment of
+excellence in the more important branches
+of literary information.</p>
+
+<p>But in every age since that of Charles
+II, Englishwomen have been better educated
+than their mothers. For much of
+this progress we are indebted to Addison.
+Since the Spectator set the example, a
+great part of our lighter literature, unlike
+that of the preceding age, has been addressed
+to the sexes in common: whatever
+language could shock the ear of
+woman, whatever sentiment could sully
+her purity of thought, has been gradually
+expunged from the far greater and better
+portion of our works of imagination and
+taste; and it is this growing refinement
+and delicacy of expression, throughout the
+last century, which prove, as much as
+any thing, the increasing number of female
+readers, and the increasing homage
+which has been paid to the better feelings
+of their sex.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<p>Mr. Lee, the high-constable of Westminster,
+in the <i>Police Report</i>, says, "I
+have known the time when I have seen
+the regular thieves watching Drummonds'
+house, looking out for persons coming
+out: and the widening of the pavement
+of the streets has, I think, done a great
+deal of good. With respect to pick-pocketing,
+there is not a chance of their
+doing now as they used to do. If a man
+attempts to pick a pocket, it is ten to one
+if he is not seen, which was not the case
+formerly."</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>CRIME IN PARIS.</h3>
+
+
+<p>Vidocq, in his Memoires, relates, that
+in 1817, with twelve agents or subordinate
+officers, he effected in Paris the number
+of arrests which he thus enumerates:&mdash;</p>
+
+<pre>
+Assassins or murderers                       15
+Robbers or burglars                           5
+Ditto with false keys                       108
+Ditto in furnished houses                    12
+Highwaymen                                  126
+Pickpockets and cutpurses                    73
+Shoplifters                                  17
+Receivers of stolen property                 38
+Fugitives from the prisons                   14
+Tried galley-slaves, having left their exile 43
+Forgers, cheats, swindlers, &amp;c.              46
+Vagabonds, robbers returned to Paris        229
+By mandates from his excellency              46
+Captures and seizures of stolen property     39
+                                             &mdash;&mdash;
+                                            811</pre>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>WITNESSES.</h3>
+
+
+<p>The protracted proceedings of our criminal
+courts are productive of one serious
+evil, which we have never seen noticed.
+Domestic servants, and others who appear
+as witnesses, must frequently wait, day
+after day, in the court-yard and avenues,
+or in the adjacent public-houses, until the
+cases on which they have been subpoenaed
+are called for trial. During these intervals
+they converse and become acquainted
+with others in attendance, a large proportion
+of whom are generally friends or associates
+of the prisoners. It is thus that
+the most dangerous intimacies have been
+formed; and many instances have occurred
+where servants, who have been seen
+in the courts as witnesses for a prosecution,
+have soon afterwards appeared there
+as prisoners.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>YOU'LL COME TO OUR BALL.</h3>
+
+
+<p>"Comment! c'est lui?&mdash;que je le regarde encore!&mdash;c'est
+que vraiment il est bien changé;
+n'est pas, mon papa?"&mdash;<i>Les premiers Amours</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>You'll come to our Ball&mdash;since we parted,</p>
+<p class="i2">I've thought of you, more than I'll say;</p>
+<p>Indeed, I was half broken-hearted,</p>
+<p class="i2">For a week, when they took you away.</p>
+<p>Fond Fancy brought back to my slumbers</p>
+<p class="i2">Our walks on the Ness and the Den,</p>
+<p>And echoed the musical numbers</p>
+<p class="i2">Which you used to sing to me then.</p>
+<p>I know the romance, since it's over,</p>
+<p class="i2">'Twere idle, or worse, to recall:&mdash;</p>
+<p>I know you're a terrible rover:</p>
+<p class="i2">But, Clarence,&mdash;you'll come to our Ball!</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>It's only a year, since at College</p>
+<p class="i2">You put on your cap and your gown;</p>
+<p>But, Clarence, you're grown out of knowledge,</p>
+<p class="i2">And chang'd from the spur to the crown:</p>
+<p>The voice that was best when it faltered</p>
+<p class="i2">Is fuller and firmer in tone;</p>
+<p>And the smile that should never have altered,&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">Dear Clarence,&mdash;it is not your own:</p>
+<p>Your cravat was badly selected,</p>
+<p class="i2">Your coat don't become you at all;</p>
+<p>And why is your hair so neglected?</p>
+<p class="i2">You <i>must</i> have it curled for our Ball.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page142" id="page142"></a>[pg 142]</span></p>
+<p>I've often been out upon Haldon,</p>
+<p class="i2">To look for a covey with Pup:</p>
+<p>I've often been over to Shaldon,</p>
+<p class="i2">To see how your boat is laid up:</p>
+<p>In spite of the terrors of Aunty,</p>
+<p class="i2">I've ridden the filly you broke;</p>
+<p>And I've studied your sweet, little Dante,</p>
+<p class="i2">In the shade of your favourite oak:</p>
+<p>When I sat in July to Sir Lawrence,</p>
+<p class="i2">I sat in your love of a shawl;</p>
+<p>And I'll wear what you brought me from Florence,</p>
+<p class="i2">Perhaps, if you'll come to our Ball.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>You'll find us all changed since you vanished:</p>
+<p class="i2">We've set up a National School,</p>
+<p>And waltzing is utterly banished&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">And Ellen has married a fool&mdash;</p>
+<p>The Major is going to travel&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">Miss Hyacinth threatens a rout&mdash;</p>
+<p>The walk is laid down with fresh gravel&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">Papa is laid up with the gout:</p>
+<p>And Jane has gone on with her easels,</p>
+<p class="i2">And Anne has gone off with Sir Paul;</p>
+<p>And Fanny is sick of the measles,&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">And I'll tell you the rest at the Ball.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>You'll meet all your Beauties;&mdash;the Lily,</p>
+<p class="i2">And the Fairy of Willowbrook Farm,</p>
+<p>And Lucy, who made me so silly</p>
+<p class="i2">At Dawlish, by taking your arm&mdash;</p>
+<p>Miss Manners, who always abused you,</p>
+<p class="i2">For talking so much about Hock&mdash;</p>
+<p>And her sister who often amused you,</p>
+<p class="i2">By raving of rebels and Rock;</p>
+<p>And something which surely would answer,</p>
+<p class="i2">A heiress, quite fresh from Bengal&mdash;</p>
+<p>So, though you were seldom a dancer,</p>
+<p class="i2">You'll dance, just for once, at our Ball.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>But out on the world!&mdash;from the flowers</p>
+<p class="i2">It shuts out the sunshine of truth;</p>
+<p>It blights the green leaves in the bowers,</p>
+<p class="i2">It makes an old age of our youth:</p>
+<p>And the flow of our feeling, once in it,</p>
+<p class="i2">Like a streamlet beginning to freeze,</p>
+<p>Though it cannot turn ice in a minute,</p>
+<p class="i2">Grows harder by sullen degrees&mdash;</p>
+<p>Time treads o'er the grave of Affection;</p>
+<p class="i2">Sweet honey is turned into gall.</p>
+<p>Perhaps you have no recollection</p>
+<p class="i2">That ever you danced at our Ball.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>You once could be pleased with our ballads&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">To-day you have critical ears:</p>
+<p>You once could be charmed with our salads&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">Alas! you've been dining with Peers&mdash;</p>
+<p>You trifled and flirted with many&mdash;-</p>
+<p class="i2">You've forgotten the when and the how&mdash;</p>
+<p>There was <i>one</i> you liked better than any&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">Perhaps you've forgotten <i>her</i> now.</p>
+<p>But of those you remember most newly,</p>
+<p class="i2">Of those who delight or enthrall,</p>
+<p>None love you a quarter so truly</p>
+<p class="i2">As some you will find at our Ball.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>They tell me you've many who flatter,</p>
+<p class="i2">Because of your wit and your song&mdash;</p>
+<p>They tell me (and what does it matter?)</p>
+<p class="i2">You like to be praised by the throng&mdash;</p>
+<p>They tell me you're shadowed with laurel,</p>
+<p class="i2">They tell me you're loved by a Blue&mdash;</p>
+<p>They tell me you're sadly immoral,</p>
+<p class="i2">Dear Clarence, <i>that</i> cannot be true!</p>
+<p>But to me you are still what I found you</p>
+<p class="i2">Before you grew clever and tall&mdash;</p>
+<p>And you'll think of the spell that once bound you&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">And you'll come&mdash;<i>won't</i> you come?&mdash;to our Ball!</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i10">               <i>London Magazine.</i></p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>PARTY.</h3>
+
+
+<p>Two dogs cannot worry one another in
+the streets without instantly forming each
+his party among the crowd; much more
+then does the principle apply to higher
+contests.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+<h2><b>The Anecdote Gallery.</b></h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>MOLIERE.</h3>
+
+
+<p>At the town of Pezénas they still show
+an elbow-chair of Molière's (as at Montpelier
+they show the gown of Rabelais,)
+in which the poet, it is said, ensconced in
+a corner of a barber's shop, would sit for
+the hour together, silently watching the
+air, gestures, and grimaces of the village
+politicians, who, in those days, before
+coffee-houses were introduced into France,
+used to congregate in this place of resort.
+The fruits of this study may be easily
+discerned in those original draughts of
+character from the middling and lower
+classes with which his pieces everywhere
+abound.</p>
+
+<p>Molière's celebrated farce of <i>Les Précieuses
+Ridicules</i>; a piece in only one
+act, but which, by its inimitable satire,
+effected such a revolution in the literary
+taste of his countrymen, as has been accomplished
+by few works of a more imposing
+form&mdash;may be considered as the
+basis of the dramatic glory of Molière,
+and the dawn of good comedy in France.
+The satire aimed at a coterie of wits who
+set themselves up as arbiters of taste and
+fashion, and was welcomed with enthusiastic
+applause, most of them being present
+at the first exhibition, to behold the
+fine fabric, which they had been so painfully
+constructing, brought to the ground
+by a single blow. "And these follies,"
+said Ménage to Chapelin, "which you
+and I see so finely criticised here, are
+what we have been so long admiring.
+We must go home and burn our idols."
+"Courage, Molière," cried an old man
+from the pit; "this is genuine comedy."
+The price of the seats was doubled from
+the time of the second representation.
+Nor were the effects of the satire merely
+transitory. It converted an epithet of
+praise into one of reproach; and a <i>femme
+precieuse</i>, a <i>style precieux</i>, a <i>ton precieux</i>,
+once so much admired, have ever
+since been used only to signify the most
+ridiculous affectation. There was, in
+truth, however, quite as much luck as
+merit, in this success of Molière; whose
+production exhibits no finer raillery, or
+better sustained dialogue, than are to be
+found in many of his subsequent pieces.
+It assured him, however, of his own
+strength, and disclosed to him the mode
+in which he should best hit the popular
+taste. "I have no occasion to study
+Plautus or Terence any longer," said he,
+"I must henceforth, study the world."
+The world accordingly was his study;
+and the exquisite models of character
+which it furnished him, will last as long
+as it shall endure.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page143" id="page143"></a>[pg 143]</span>
+Though an habitual valetudinarian,
+Molière relied almost wholly on the temperance
+of his diet for the reestablishment
+of his health. "What use do you
+make of your physician?" said the king
+to him one day. "We chat together,
+Sire," said the poet. "He gives me his
+prescriptions; I never follow them; and
+so I get well."</p>
+
+<p>In Molière's time, the profession of a
+comedian was but lightly esteemed in
+France at this period. Molière experienced
+the inconveniences resulting from
+this circumstance, even after his splendid
+literary career had given him undoubted
+claims to consideration. Most of our readers
+no doubt, are acquainted with the
+anecdote of Belloc, an agreeable poet of
+the court, who, on hearing one of the servants
+in the royal household refuse to aid
+the author of the <i>Tartuffe</i> in making the
+king's bed, courteously requested "the
+poet to accept his services for that purpose."
+Madame Campan's anecdote of
+a similar courtesy, on the part of Louis
+the Fourteenth, is also well known; who,
+when several of these functionaries refused
+to sit at table with the comedian,
+kindly invited him to sit down with him,
+and, calling in some of his principal
+courtiers, remarked that "he had requested
+the pleasure of Molière's company
+at his own table, as it was not
+thought quite good enough for his officers."
+This rebuke had the desired
+effect.</p>
+
+<p>Molière died in 1673, he had been long
+affected by a pulmonary complaint, and
+it was only by severe temperance that he
+was enabled to preserve even a moderate
+degree of health. At the commencement
+of the year, his malady sensibly increased.
+At this very season, he composed his
+<i>Malade Imaginaire</i>; the most whimsical,
+and perhaps the most amusing of the
+compositions, in which he has indulged
+his raillery against the faculty. On the
+17th of February, being the day appointed
+for its fourth representation, his
+friends would have dissuaded him from
+appearing, in consequence of his increasing
+indisposition. But he persisted in
+his design, alleging "that more than
+fifty poor individuals depended for their
+daily bread on its performance." His
+life fell a sacrifice to his benevolence.
+The exertions which he was compelled to
+make in playing the principal part of
+<i>Argan</i> aggravated his distemper, and as
+he was repeating the word <i>juro</i>, in the
+concluding ceremony, he fell into a convulsion,
+which he vainly endeavoured to
+disguise from the spectators under a
+forced smile. He was immediately carried
+to his house, in the <i>Rue de Richelieu</i>,
+now No. 34. A violent fit of
+coughing, on his arrival, occasioned the
+rupture of a blood-vessel; and seeing
+his end approaching, he sent for two ecclesiastics
+of the parish of St. Eustace,
+to which he belonged, to administer to
+him the last offices of religion. But
+these worthy persons having refused their
+assistance, before a third, who had been
+sent for, could arrive, Molière, suffocated
+with the effusion of blood, had expired
+in the arms of his family.</p>
+
+<p>Molière died soon after entering upon
+his fifty-second year. He is represented
+to have been somewhat above the middle
+stature, and well proportioned; his features
+large, his complexion dark, and his
+black, bushy eye-brows so flexible, as to
+admit of his giving an infinitely comic
+expression to his physiognomy. He was
+the best actor of his own generation, and
+by his counsels, formed the celebrated
+Baron, the best of the succeeding. He
+played all the range of his own characters,
+from <i>Alceste</i> to <i>Sganarelle</i>; though
+he seems to have been peculiarly fitted
+for broad comedy.</p>
+
+<p>He produced all his pieces, amounting
+to thirty, in the short space of fifteen
+years. He was in the habit of reading
+these to an old female domestic, by the
+name of La Forêt; on whose unsophisticated
+judgment he greatly relied. On
+one occasion when he attempted to impose
+upon her the production of a brother author,
+she plainly told him that he had
+never written it. Sir Walter Scott may
+have had this habit of Molière's in his
+mind, when he introduced a similar expedient
+into his "Chronicles of the Canongate."
+For the same reason, our
+poet used to request the comedians to
+bring their children with them, when he
+recited to them a new play. The peculiar
+advantage of this humble criticism, in
+dramatic compositions, is obvious. Alfieri
+himself, as he informs us, did not
+disdain to resort to it.</p>
+
+<p>Molière was naturally of a reserved
+and taciturn temper; insomuch that his
+friend Boileau used to call him the <i>Contemplateur</i>.
+Strangers who had expected
+to recognise in his conversation the sallies
+of wit which distinguished his dramas,
+went away disappointed. The same thing
+is related of La Fontaine. The truth is,
+that Molière went into society as a spectator,
+not as an actor; he found there
+the studies for the characters, which he
+was to transport upon the stage; and he
+occupied himself with observing them.
+The dreamer, La Fontaine, lived too in
+a world of his own creation. His friend,
+Madame de la Sablière, paid to him this
+untranslateable compliment; "En vérité,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page144" id="page144"></a>[pg 144]</span>
+mon cher La Fontaine, vous seriez bien
+bête, si vous n'aviez pas tant d'esprit."
+These unseasonable reveries brought him,
+it may be imagined, into many whimsical
+adventures. The great Corneille, too,
+was distinguished by the same apathy.
+A gentleman dined at the same table
+with him for six months, without suspecting
+the author of the "Cid."</p>
+
+<p>Molière enjoyed the closest intimacy
+with the great Condé, the most distinguished
+ornament of the court of Louis
+the Fourteenth; to such an extent indeed,
+that the latter directed, that the
+poet should never be refused admission to
+him, at whatever hour he might choose
+to pay his visit. His regard for his
+friend was testified by his remark, rather
+more candid than courteous, to an Abbé
+of his acquaintance, who had brought
+him an epitaph, of his own writing, upon
+the deceased poet. "Would to heaven,"
+said the prince, "that he were in a condition
+to bring me yours."</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>DOMESTIC HABITS OF NAPOLEON.</h3>
+
+
+<p>At nine o'clock the emperor came out of
+his sleeping apartments, dressed for the
+whole day. First the officers on duty
+were admitted, and received their orders
+for the day. Then the <i>grandes entrees</i>
+and the officers of the household not on
+duty were introduced; and if any one
+had any particular communication to
+make, he staid till the public audience
+was concluded. At half after nine o'clock
+Napoleon breakfasted, on a small mahogany
+table with one leg, and covered with
+a napkin. The prefect of the palace stood
+close by this table, with his hat under
+his arm. The breakfast rarely lasted beyond
+eight minutes. Sometimes, however,
+men of science or literature, or distinguished
+artists, were admitted at this
+time, with whom Napoleon is represented
+to have conversed in an easy and lively
+style. Amongst these were M. Monge,
+Costaz, Denon, Bertholet, Corvisart, David,
+Gerard, Isabey, Talma, and Fontaine.
+Dinner was served at six o'clock;
+the emperor and the empress dined alone
+on the common days of the week, but on
+Sunday all the imperial family attended,
+upon which occasion Napoleon, the empress,
+and Madame Mère had arm-chairs,
+and the rest chairs without arms. There
+was only one course. The emperor drank
+no wine but Chambertin, and that usually
+mixed with water. Dinner lasted in general
+from fifteen to twenty minutes. All
+this time the prefect of the palace had to
+superintend the affair <i>en grand</i>, and to
+answer any questions put to him. In the
+drawing-room a page presented to the
+emperor a waiter with a cup and a sugar-stand.
+Le chef d'office poured out the
+coffee; the empress took the cup from
+the emperor; the page and the chef
+d'office retired; the prefect waited till the
+empress had poured the coffee into the
+saucer and given it to Napoleon. After
+this the emperor went to his papers again,
+and the empress played at cards. Sometimes
+he would come and talk a little
+while with the people of the household in
+the apartments of the empress, but not
+often, and he never staid long. Upon
+his retiring, the officers on duty attended
+the audience <i>du coucher</i>, and received
+their orders for the morrow. This was
+the ordinary economy of the emperor's
+time, when not with the army.</p>
+
+<p>Napoleon read the English newspapers
+every day in French, and M. de Bausset
+says the translation was rigorously exact.
+One day in January, 1811, the emperor
+gave some of these extracts to de B., and
+ordered him to read them aloud during
+dinner. The prefect got on pretty well,
+till he stumbled at some uncouth epithets,
+with which he was puzzled how to
+deal, especially in the presence of the
+empress, and a room full of domestics.
+He blew his nose, and skipped the words&mdash;"No!"
+said Napoleon, "read out!
+you will find many more." "I should
+be wanting&mdash;" "Read, I tell you," repeated
+the emperor, "read every thing!"
+At last de B. ran upon "tyrant or despot,"
+which he commuted for "emperor." Napoleon
+caught the paper out of his hands,
+read the real phrase aloud, and then ordered
+M. de B. to continue. These translations
+used to be made by Maret, Duke
+of Bassano.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+<h2><b>The Gatherer.</b></h2>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles."</p>
+<p class="i10">                     SHAKSPEARE.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>RETENTIVE MEMORY.</h3>
+
+
+<p>The historian, Fuller, in 1607, had a
+most retentive memory; he could repeat
+500 strange, unconnected words, after
+twice hearing them; and a sermon verbatim,
+after reading it once. He undertook,
+after passing from Temple Bar to
+the farthest part of Cheapside and back
+again, to mention all the signs over the
+shops on both sides of the streets, repeated
+them backwards and forwards, and
+performed the task with great exactness.</p>
+
+<p>J.T.S.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>EVE'S TOMB.</h3>
+
+
+<p>About two miles northward of Djidda
+is shown the tomb of Howa (Eve), the
+mother of mankind; it is, as I was informed,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page145" id="page145"></a>[pg 145]</span>
+a rude structure of stone, about
+four feet in length, two or three feet in
+height, and as many in breadth; thus
+resembling the tomb of Noah, seen in the
+valley of Bekaa, in Syria&mdash;<i>Burckhardt's
+Travels in Arabia</i>.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>ACROSTIC ON THE EYES.</h3>
+
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>E nchanting features! how thy beauties charm;</p>
+<p>Y e magic orbs, in which for ever dwell</p>
+<p>E ach varying passion, from the bosom warm,</p>
+<p>S ilently ye express what language ne'er, can tell.</p>
+<p class="i10">                             C.J.T.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>VOLTAIRE.</h3>
+
+
+<p>When Voltaire was once ridiculing our
+immortal author of "Paradise Lost," in
+the presence of Dr. Young, it is said the
+latter delivered the following extempore:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"Thou art so witty, profligate, and thin,</p>
+<p> Thou seem'st a Milton, with his Death and Sin."</p>
+<p class="i10">                            R.Y.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>VENTILATION.</h3>
+
+<p>Garrick told Cibber, "that his pieces
+were the best ventilators to his theatre at
+Drury Lane; for as soon as any of them
+were played, the audience directly left the
+house."</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>ACROSTIC TO BRAHAM.</h3>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>B ear not away ye gales that sound!</p>
+<p>R apture be mute, nor breathe one sigh!</p>
+<p>A ttentive angels hover round&mdash;</p>
+<p>H eaven listens to his melody;</p>
+<p>A nd all the spheres' harmonious strings</p>
+<p>M ove in celestial strains when Braham sings!</p>
+<p class="i10">                         G.J.T.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p>This day is published, price 5<i>s</i>. with a Frontispiece,
+and thirty other Engravings, the</p>
+
+<h4><b>ARCANA OF SCIENCE, AND ANNUAL
+REGISTER OF THE USEFUL ARTS,
+FOR 1829.</b></h4>
+
+<p>The MECHANICAL department contains ONE
+HUNDRED New Inventions and Discoveries, with
+14 <i>Engravings</i>.</p>
+
+<p>CHEMICAL, SEVENTY articles, with 2 <i>Engravings</i>.</p>
+
+<p>NATURAL HISTORY, 135 New Facts and Discoveries,
+with 7 <i>Engravings</i>.</p>
+
+<p>ASTRONOMICAL and METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA&mdash;35
+articles&mdash;6 <i>Engravings</i>.</p>
+
+<p>AGRICULTURE, GARDENING, and RURAL ECONOMY,
+100 <i>Articles</i>.</p>
+
+<p>DOMESTIC ECONOMY 50 <i>Articles</i>.</p>
+
+<p>USEFUL ARTS, 50 <i>Articles</i>.</p>
+
+<p>FINE ARTS.</p>
+
+<p>PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS.</p>
+
+<p>MISCELLANEOUS REGISTER, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>"We hope the editor will publish a similar
+volume annually."&mdash;<i>Gardener's Magazine</i>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href="#footnotetag1"> (return) </a><p>See No. 356 of the MIRROR, "Valentine's Day."</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a href="#footnotetag2"> (return) </a><p>See MIRROR, No. 306, p 234.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a href="#footnotetag3"> (return) </a><p> WHITEHALL was originally erected in the
+year 1243, by Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent,
+who bequeathed it to the House of the Blackfriars,
+near "<i>Oldborne</i>," where he was buried.
+It was afterwards purchased by Walter Gray,
+Archbishop of York, who made it his town residence,
+and at his death, left it to that See,
+whence it acquired the name of <i>York House</i>.
+Cardinal Wolsey, on his preferment to the
+Archbishoprick of York, resided here, in great
+state; but on his premunire it was forfeited (or
+as some authors assert had been previously
+given by him,) to the king. Henry VIII. made
+it his principal residence, and greatly enlarged
+it, the ancient and royal palace of Westminster
+having fallen to decay; at the same time he enclosed
+the adjoining park of St. James's, which
+appertained to this palace as well as to that of
+St. James's, which that monarch had erected on
+the site of an ancient hospital, founded before
+the conquest for "leprous sisters." For some
+curious details of Wolsey's magnificence and
+ostentation during his residence at York Place,
+we refer the reader to the second volume of Mr.
+Brayley's <i>Londiniana</i>.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a href="#footnotetag4"> (return) </a><p>Hall's "Chronicle," p. 794. edit. 1809.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote5" name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a href="#footnotetag5"> (return) </a><p>Holinshed says, "he married priuilie the
+Lady Anne Bullougne the same daie, being the
+<i>14th daie of Nouember</i>, and the feast daie of
+Saint Erkenwald; which marriage was kept so
+secret, that verie few knew it till Easter next
+insuing, when it was perceiued that she was
+with child."&mdash;"Chronicles," vol. iii. p. 929.
+edit. 1587.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote6" name="footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b><a href="#footnotetag6"> (return) </a><p> Hume and Henry place the marriage in November.
+Lingard and Sharon Turner in January.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote7" name="footnote7"></a><b>Footnote 7:</b><a href="#footnotetag7"> (return) </a><p>Vide Stow's "Annals," by Howes, p. 562.
+edit. 1633. "King Henry priuily married the
+Lady Anne Boleigne on the fiue and twentieth
+of January, being <i>St. Paul's daie</i>: Mistresse
+Anne Sauage bore vp Queene Annes traine, and
+was herselfe shortly after marryed to the Lord
+Barkley. Doctor Rowland Lee, that marryed
+the King to Queene Anne, was made Bishop of
+Chester, then Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield,
+and President of Wales."</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote8" name="footnote8"></a><b>Footnote 8:</b><a href="#footnotetag8"> (return) </a><p>Harleian MSS. No. 6148. This letter is
+quoted by Burnet in the first volume of his
+"History of the Reformation:" it may be found
+printed entire in the eighteenth volume of the
+"Archæologia:" and also in the second volume
+of Ellis's "Original Letters," first series, p. 33.
+The MS. consists of a rough copy-book of the
+Archbishop's letters, in his own hand writing.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote9" name="footnote9"></a><b>Footnote 9:</b><a href="#footnotetag9"> (return) </a><p>Wyatt's Life of "Queen Anne Boleigne."
+Vide Appendix to Cavendish's "Life of Wolsey,"
+by Singer, vol. ii. p. 200. This interesting memoir
+was written at the close of the sixteenth
+century, (with the view of subverting the calumnies
+of Sanders,) by George Wyatt, Esq, grandson
+of the poet of the same name, and sixth
+son and heir of Sir Thomas Wyatt, who was decapitated
+in the reign of Queen Mary, for his
+insurrection.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote10" name="footnote10"></a><b>Footnote 10:</b><a href="#footnotetag10"> (return) </a><p>"Annales," p. 51. edit. 1616. "Ulterioris
+moræ perlæsus Rex, Boleniam suam iam tandem
+Januarij 25, duxit uxorem, sed clauculum,
+&amp; paucissimis testibus adhibitis." Polydor Virgil
+makes no mention of the period of the marriage,
+he only says, "in matrimonium duxit
+Annam Bulleyne, quam paulò antè amare cæperat.
+ex quâ suscepit filiam nomine Elizabeth."
+p. 689. edit. 1570.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote11" name="footnote11"></a><b>Footnote 11:</b><a href="#footnotetag11"> (return) </a><p>Hume's "History of England," vol. iv. p 3.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote12" name="footnote12"></a><b>Footnote 12:</b><a href="#footnotetag12"> (return) </a><p>Lingard's "History of England," vol. iv.
+p. 190. 4to edit.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote13" name="footnote13"></a><b>Footnote 13:</b><a href="#footnotetag13"> (return) </a><p>Vide Speed's "Annals," p. 1029.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote14" name="footnote14"></a><b>Footnote 14:</b><a href="#footnotetag14"> (return) </a><p> "Life and Raigne of Henry the Eighth,"
+p. 341. edit. 1649.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote15" name="footnote15"></a><b>Footnote 15:</b><a href="#footnotetag15"> (return) </a><p>Harleian MSS. No. 787.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote16" name="footnote16"></a><b>Footnote 16:</b><a href="#footnotetag16"> (return) </a><p>Queen Elizabeth was born at the ancient
+Palace of Greenwich, or as it was then called,
+"the Manner of Plesaunce," one of the favourite
+residences of Henry VIII.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote17" name="footnote17"></a><b>Footnote 17:</b><a href="#footnotetag17"> (return) </a><p> Rutherglen, in Lanarkshire, has also long
+been celebrated for baking <i>sour cakes</i>&mdash;<i>See</i>
+vol. X. MIRROR, p 316.&mdash;I am of opinion these
+cakes are of precisely the same make and origin
+as those to which the writer alludes under the
+above name of "<i>sour cakes</i>," which I presume
+he must have forgotten the name of. I should
+have mentioned, that when these cakes (for they
+are frequently called <i>avver cakes</i>) are baked,
+the fire must be of wood; they never bake them
+over any other fire. These cakes are of a remarkably
+strong, sour taste. I should further
+note, that the <i>girdle</i> is attached to a "crane"
+affixed in the chimney.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote18" name="footnote18"></a><b>Footnote 18:</b><a href="#footnotetag18"> (return) </a><p>Quasi Townsend</p></blockquote>.
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143,
+Strand. (near Somerset House,) London; sold
+by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market,
+Leipsic; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers</i>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12898 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #12898 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/12898)
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, No. 358, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, No. 358
+       Vol. XIII, No. 358., Saturday, February 28, 1829
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: July 12, 2004 [EBook #12898]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram and PG Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XIII, No. 358.] SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1829. [PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+[Illustration: YORK TERRACE, REGENT'S PARK.]
+
+YORK TERRACE,
+
+REGENT'S PARK.
+
+
+If the reader is anxious to illustrate any political position with the
+"signs of the times," he has only to start from Waterloo-place, (thus
+commencing with a glorious reminiscence,) through Regent-street and
+Portland-place, and make the architectural tour of the Regent's Park.
+Entering the park from the New Road by York Gate, one of the first
+objects for his admiration will be _York Terrace_, a splendid range of
+private residences, which has the appearance of an unique palace. This
+striking effect is produced by all the entrances being in the rear, where
+the vestibules are protected by large porches. All the doors and windows
+in the principal front represented in the engraving are uniform, and
+appear like a suite of princely apartments, somewhat in the style of a
+little Versailles. This idea is assisted by the gardens having no
+divisions.
+
+The architecture of the building is Græco-Italian. It consists of an
+entrance or ground story, with semicircular headed windows and rusticated
+piers. A continued pedestal above the arches of these windows runs
+through the composition, divided between the columns into balustrades, in
+front of the windows of the principal story, to which they form handsome
+balconies. The elegant windows of this and the principal chamber story
+are of the Ilissus Ionic, and are decorated with a colonnade, completed
+with a well-proportioned entablature from the same beautiful order. Mr.
+Elmes, in his critical observations on this terrace, thinks the attic
+story "too irregular to accompany so chaste a composition as the Ionic,
+to which it forms a crown;" he likewise objects to the cornice and
+blocking-course, as being "also too small in proportion for the majesty
+of the lower order."
+
+York Terrace is from the design of Mr. Nash, whose genius not
+unfrequently strays into such errors as our architectural critic has
+pointed out.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+VALENTINE CUSTOMS.
+
+_(To the Editor of the Mirror.)_
+
+
+As some of the customs described by your correspondent W.H.H.[1] are left
+unaccounted for, I suppose any one is at liberty to sport a few
+conjectures on the subject. May not, for instance, the practice of
+burning the "_holly boy_" have its origin in some of those rustic
+incantations described by Theocritus as the means of recalling a truant
+lover, or of warming a cold one; and thus translated:--
+
+    [1] See No. 356 of the MIRROR, "Valentine's Day."
+
+  "First Delphid injured me, he raised my flame,
+  And now I burn this bough in Delphid's name."
+
+Virgil, too, in his 8th Eclogue, alludes to the same charm:--
+
+  "Sparge molam, et fragiles incende bitumine lauros;
+  Daphnis me malus urit, ego hanc in Daphnide laurum."
+
+  "Next in the fire the bays with brimstone burn,
+  And whilst it crackles in the sulphur, say,
+  This I for Daphnis burn, thus Daphnis burn away."
+                                   DRYDEN.
+
+The _"holly bush"_ being made to represent the person beloved, may also
+be borrowed from the ancients:--
+
+  -------------------"Terque hæc altaria circum
+  _Effigiem_ duco."
+                                      VIRGIL.
+
+  "Thrice round the altar I the image draw."
+
+The burning wax candles may be more difficult to account for, unless it
+refer to the custom of melting wax in order to mollify the beloved one's
+heart:--
+
+  "As this devoted wax melts o'er the fire,
+  Let Myndian Delphis melt with soft desire."
+                                    THEOCRITUS.
+
+  ---------------"Hæc ut cera liquescit."
+  -------------"Sic nostro Daphnis amore."
+                                   VIRGIL.
+
+For a woman to compose a garland was always considered an indication of
+her being in love. Aristophanes says,
+
+  "The wreathing garlands in a woman is
+  The usual symptom of a love-sick mind."
+
+Should the charms resorted to by lovers two thousand years ago, appear to
+you, even remotely, to have influenced the love rites as performed by the
+village men and maidens of the present day, perhaps you may deem this
+string of quotations worthy of a corner in your amusing miscellany.
+
+E.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LINES
+
+_On the Sarcophagus[2] which contains the remains of Nelson in St. Paul's
+Cathedral._
+
+_(For the Mirror.)_
+
+
+  To mark th' excess of priestly pow'r
+  To keep in mind that gorgeous hour,
+  Thou art no Popish monument,
+  Altho' by Wolsey thou wer't sent,
+  From thine own native Italy
+  To tell where his proud ashes lie.
+  To thee a nobler part is given!
+  A prouder task design'd by heav'n!
+  'Tis thine the sea chief's grave to shroud,
+  Idol and wonder of the crowd!
+  The bravest heart that ever stood
+  The shock of battle on the flood!
+  The stoutest arm that ever led
+  A warrior o'er the ocean's bed!
+  Whose name long dreaded on the sea
+  Alone secured the victory!
+  His Britain sea-girt stood alone,
+  Whilst all the earth was heard to moan,
+  Beneath war's iron--iron rod,
+  Trusting in Nelson as her god.--CYMBELINE.
+
+    [2] See MIRROR, No. 306, p 234.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+COINAGE OF THE ANCIENT BRITONS.
+
+_(For the Mirror.)_
+
+
+In 1749, a considerable number of gold coins were discovered on the top
+of Karnbre, in Cornwall, which are clearly proved to have belonged to the
+ancient Britons. The figures that were first stamped on the coins of all
+nations were those of oxen, horses, sheep, &c. It may, therefore, be
+concluded, that the coins of any country which have only the figures of
+cattle stamped on them, and perhaps of trees, representing the woods in
+which their cattle pastured,--were the most ancient coins of the country.
+Some of the gold coins found at Karnbre, and described by Dr. Borlase,
+are of this kind, and may be justly esteemed the most ancient of our
+British coins. Sovereigns soon became aware of the importance of money,
+and took the fabrication of it under their own direction, ordering their
+own heads to be impressed on one side of the coins, while the figure of
+some animal still continued to be stamped on the other. Of this kind are
+some of the Karnbre coins, with a royal head on one side, and a horse on
+the other. When the knowledge and use of letters were once introduced
+into any country, it would not be long before they appeared on its coins,
+expressing the names of the princes whose heads were stamped on them.
+This was a very great improvement in the art of coining, and gave an
+additional value to the money, by preserving the memories of princes, and
+giving light to history. Our British ancestors were acquainted with this
+improvement before they were subdued by the Romans, as several coins of
+ancient Britain have very plain and perfect inscriptions, and on that
+account merit particular attention.
+
+INA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANIMAL FOOD.
+
+_(For the Mirror.)_
+
+
+It is generally allowed, that a profusion of animal food has a tendency
+to vitiate and debase the nature and dispositions of men;
+notwithstanding, the lovers of flesh urge the names of many of the most
+eminent in literature and science, in opposition to this assertion.
+
+Plutarch attributed the stupidity of his countrymen, the Boeotians, to
+the profusion of animal food which they consumed, and even now, our
+lovely, soup drinking, coffee sipping friends on the continent, attribute
+the saturnine, melancholy, and bearish dispositions of John Bull, to his
+partiality for,
+
+  "The famous roast-beef of Old England."
+
+A facetious, philosophical, friend of mine, lately amused me with some
+remarks, on the nature and properties of different kinds of food. "We
+know," said he, "that one herb produces _this_ effect, and another
+_that_; that different species and varieties of plants have different
+virtues; and, why may we not infer that the same rule extends to animated
+nature; that our fish, flesh, and fowl, not only serve as nutriment, but
+that each kind possesses peculiar and individual properties."
+
+This will account for the _piggish_ habits and propensities so
+conspicuous in the inhabitants of certain places in England, and whose
+partiality for _swine's flesh_, is proverbial. The _sheepish_ manners of
+our students and school-boys, may also be attributed to the _mutton_ so
+generally alloted to them. I might continue my observations, _ad
+infinitum_. I might say, that the _wisdom of the goose_ was discoverable
+in--whose love of that, "most abused of God's creatures," is well known:
+and that the sea-side predilections of a certain Bart., of festive
+notoriety, were occasioned by his partiality for turtle.
+
+QUÆSITOR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WHITEHALL.
+
+MARRIAGE OF ANNE BOLEYN
+
+_(For the Mirror)_
+
+
+The extraordinary revolution which took place in our religious
+institutions in the time of Henry VIII., has rendered his reign one of
+the most important in the annals of ecclesiastical history. For the great
+changes at that glorious æra, the reformation, when the clouds of
+ignorance and superstition were dispelled, we are principally indebted to
+the beauteous, but unfortunate Anne Boleyn, whose influence with the
+haughty monarch, was the chief cause of the abolition of the papal
+supremacy in England; one of the greatest blessings ever bestowed by a
+monarch on his country. Intimately associated with, and the principal
+scene of these important events, was the ancient palace of Whitehall,[3]
+which Henry, into whose possession it came on the premunire of Wolsey,
+considerably enlarged and beautified, changing its name from that of York
+Place, to the one by which it is still designated.
+
+    [3] WHITEHALL was originally erected in the year 1243, by Hubert
+        de Burgh, Earl of Kent, who bequeathed it to the House of the
+        Blackfriars, near "_Oldborne_," where he was buried. It was
+        afterwards purchased by Walter Gray, Archbishop of York, who made
+        it his town residence, and at his death, left it to that See,
+        whence it acquired the name of _York House_. Cardinal Wolsey, on
+        his preferment to the Archbishoprick of York, resided here, in
+        great state; but on his premunire it was forfeited (or as some
+        authors assert had been previously given by him,) to the king.
+        Henry VIII. made it his principal residence, and greatly enlarged
+        it, the ancient and royal palace of Westminster having fallen to
+        decay; at the same time he enclosed the adjoining park of St.
+        James's, which appertained to this palace as well as to that of
+        St. James's, which that monarch had erected on the site of an
+        ancient hospital, founded before the conquest for "leprous
+        sisters." For some curious details of Wolsey's magnificence and
+        ostentation during his residence at York Place, we refer the
+        reader to the second volume of Mr. Brayley's _Londiniana_.
+
+In this building, an event, the most important, in its consequences,
+recorded in the history of any country, took place,--the marriage of Anne
+Boleyn, who had been created Countess of Pembroke, with the "stern
+Harry." The precise period of these nuptials, owing to the secrecy with
+which they were performed, is involved in considerable obscurity, and has
+given rise to innumerable controversies among historians; the question
+not being even to this hour satisfactorily decided as to whether they
+were solemnized in the month of _November_, 1532, or in that of
+_January_, 1533. Hall,[4] Holinshed,[5] and Grafton, whose authority
+several of our more modern historians[6] have followed, place it on the
+14th of November, 1532, the Feast Day of St. Erkenwald; but Stow[7]
+informs us, that it was celebrated on the 25th of January 1533; and his
+assertion bears considerable weight, being corroborated by a letter from
+Archbishop Cranmer, dated "the xvij daye of June," 1533, from his "manor
+of Croydon," to Hawkyns, the embassador at the emperor's court. In this
+letter the prelate says, "she was marid muche about _St. Paules daye_
+last, as the condicion thereof dothe well appere by reason she ys now
+sumwhat bygg with chylde."[8] This statement, coming as it does from so
+authentic a source, and coinciding with the accounts of Stow, Wyatt,[9]
+and Godwin[10] may, we think, be regarded as the most correct. Her
+marriage was not made known until the following Easter, when it was
+publicly proclaimed, and preparations made for her coronation, which was
+conducted with extraordinary magnificence in Whitsuntide. Her becoming
+pregnant soon after her marriage "gave great satisfaction to the king,
+and was regarded by the people as a strong proof of the queen's former
+modesty and virtue."[11] This latter circumstance, however, has not met
+with that consideration among historians which it appears to merit; for
+we must remember that Elizabeth was born on the 7th of the following
+September, an event, which would perhaps rather tend to confirm the
+opinion of Hall, in contradiction to that of Stow, if, indeed, Anne had
+been proof against the advances of Henry, previous to their marriage,
+which some writers have doubted.
+
+    [4] Hall's "Chronicle," p. 794. edit. 1809.
+
+    [5] Holinshed says, "he married priuilie the Lady Anne Bullougne
+        the same daie, being the _14th daie of Nouember_, and the feast
+        daie of Saint Erkenwald; which marriage was kept so secret, that
+        verie few knew it till Easter next insuing, when it was perceiued
+        that she was with child."--"Chronicles," vol. iii. p. 929. edit.
+        1587.
+
+    [6] Hume and Henry place the marriage in November. Lingard and
+        Sharon Turner in January.
+
+    [7] Vide Stow's "Annals," by Howes, p. 562. edit. 1633. "King
+        Henry priuily married the Lady Anne Boleigne on the fiue and
+        twentieth of January, being _St. Paul's daie_: Mistresse Anne
+        Sauage bore vp Queene Annes traine, and was herselfe shortly
+        after marryed to the Lord Barkley. Doctor Rowland Lee, that
+        marryed the King to Queene Anne, was made Bishop of Chester, then
+        Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, and President of Wales."
+
+    [8] Harleian MSS. No. 6148. This letter is quoted by Burnet in
+        the first volume of his "History of the Reformation:" it may be
+        found printed entire in the eighteenth volume of the
+        "Archæologia:" and also in the second volume of Ellis's "Original
+        Letters," first series, p. 33. The MS. consists of a rough
+        copy-book of the Archbishop's letters, in his own hand writing.
+
+    [9] Wyatt's Life of "Queen Anne Boleigne." Vide Appendix to
+        Cavendish's "Life of Wolsey," by Singer, vol. ii. p. 200. This
+        interesting memoir was written at the close of the sixteenth
+        century, (with the view of subverting the calumnies of Sanders,)
+        by George Wyatt, Esq, grandson of the poet of the same name, and
+        sixth son and heir of Sir Thomas Wyatt, who was decapitated in
+        the reign of Queen Mary, for his insurrection.
+
+   [10] "Annales," p. 51. edit. 1616. "Ulterioris moræ perlæsus
+        Rex, Boleniam suam iam tandem Januarij 25, duxit uxorem, sed
+        clauculum, & paucissimis testibus adhibitis." Polydor Virgil
+        makes no mention of the period of the marriage, he only says, "in
+        matrimonium duxit Annam Bulleyne, quam paulò antè amare cæperat.
+        ex quâ suscepit filiam nomine Elizabeth." p. 689. edit. 1570.
+
+   [11] Hume's "History of England," vol. iv. p 3.
+
+Lingard, whose History is now in the course of publication, intimates
+that the ceremony was performed "in a garret, at the western end of the
+palace of Whitehall;"[12] this, however, when we consider the haughty
+character of Henry, is totally improbable, and rests entirely on the
+authority of one solitary manuscript. There is no reason, however, to
+doubt but that they were married in some apartment in that palace, and
+most probably in the king's private closet.[13] Dr. Rowland Lee, one of
+the royal chaplains, and afterwards Bishop of Coventry officiated, in the
+presence only of the Duke of Norfolk, uncle to the Lady Anne, and her
+father, mother, and brother. Lord Herbert,[14] whose authority has been
+quoted by Hume, says, that Cranmer was also present, but this is
+undoubtedly an error, as that prelate had only just then returned from
+Germany, and was not informed of the circumstance until two weeks
+afterwards, as appears from the following passage in his letter to
+Hawkyns, before quoted:--"Yt hath bin reported thorowte a greate parte of
+the realme that I married her; which was playnly false, for I myself knew
+not thereof a fortenyght after it was donne."
+
+   [12] Lingard's "History of England," vol. iv. p. 190. 4to edit.
+
+   [13] Vide Speed's "Annals," p. 1029.
+
+   [14] "Life and Raigne of Henry the Eighth," p. 341. edit. 1649.
+
+It may not, perhaps, prove uninteresting to our readers, or quite
+irrelevant to the subject, to close this brief account of the marriage of
+Anne Boleyn, with the copy of a letter from that queen to "Squire
+Josselin, upon ye birth of Q. Elizabth," preserved among the manuscripts
+in the British Museum.[15]
+
+   [15] Harleian MSS. No. 787.
+
+"By the Queen--Trusty and well beloved wee greet you well. And whereas it
+hath pleased ye goodness of Almighty God of his infinite mercy and grace
+to send unto vs at this tyme good speed in ye deliverance and bringing
+forth of a Princess to ye great joye and inward comfort of my lord. Us,
+and of all his good and loving subjects of this his realme ffor ye which
+his inestimable beneuolence soe shewed unto vs. We have noe little cause
+to give high thankes, laude and praysing unto our said Maker, like as we
+doe most lowly, humbly, and wth all ye inward desire of our heart. And
+inasmuch as wee undoubtedly trust yt this our good is to you great
+pleasure, comfort, and consolacion; wee therefore by these our Lrs
+aduertise you thereof, desiring and heartily praying you to give wth vs
+unto Almighty God, high thankes, glory, laud, and praising, and to pray
+for ye good health, prosperity, and continuall preservation of ye sd
+Princess accordingly. Yeoven under our Signett at my Lds Manner of
+Greenwch,[16] ye 7th day of September, in ye 25th yeare of my said Lds
+raigne, An. Dno. 1533."
+
+S.I.B.
+
+   [16] Queen Elizabeth was born at the ancient Palace of
+        Greenwich, or as it was then called, "the Manner of Plesaunce,"
+        one of the favourite residences of Henry VIII.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+MEMORABLE DAYS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+COLLOP MONDAY.
+
+
+Collop Monday is the day before Shrove Tuesday, and in many parts is made
+a day of great feasting on account of the approaching Lent. It is so
+called, because it was the last day allowed for eating animal food before
+Lent; and our ancestors cut up their fresh meat into collops, or steaks,
+for salting or hanging up until Lent was over; and even now in many
+places it is still a custom to have eggs and collops, or slices of bacon,
+for dinner on this day.
+
+In Westmoreland, and particularly at Brough, where I have witnessed it
+many times, the good people kill a great many pigs about a week or two
+previous to Lent, which have been carefully fattened up for the occasion.
+The good housewife is busily occupied in salting the flitches and hams to
+hang up in the "pantry," and in cutting the fattest parts of the pig for
+collops on this day. The most luscious cuts are baked in a pot in an
+oven, and the fat poured out into a bladder, as it runs out of the meat,
+for hog's-lard. When all the lard has been drained off, the remains
+(which are called _cracklings_, being then baked quite crisp) resemble
+the crackling on a leg of pork, are eaten with potatoes, and from the
+quantity of salt previously added to them, to preserve the lard, are
+unpalatable to many mouths. The rough farmers' men, however, devour them
+as a savoury dish, and every time "lard" is being made, _cracklings_ are
+served up for the servants' dinner. Indeed, even the more respectable
+classes partake of this dish.
+
+PIG-FRY--This is a Collop Monday dish, and is a necessary appendage to
+"_cracklings_." It consists of the fattest parts of the entrails of the
+pig, broiled in an oven. Numerous herbs, spices, &c. are added to it; and
+upon the whole, it is a more sightly "_course_" at table than fat
+cracklings. Sometimes the good wife indulges her house with a pancake, as
+an assurance that she has not forgotten to provide for Shrove Tuesday.
+The servants are also treated with "a drop of something good" on this
+occasion; and are allowed (if they have nothing of importance to require
+their immediate attention) to spend the afternoon in conviviality.
+
+AVVER BREAD.--During Lent, in the same county, a great quantity of bread,
+called avver bread, is made. It is of _oats_, leavened and kneaded into a
+large, thin, round cake, which is placed upon a "_girdle_"[17] over the
+fire. The bread is about the thickness of a "lady's" slice of bread and
+butter.
+
+   [17] Rutherglen, in Lanarkshire, has also long been celebrated
+        for baking _sour cakes_--_See_ vol. X. MIRROR, p 316.--I am of
+        opinion these cakes are of precisely the same make and origin as
+        those to which the writer alludes under the above name of "_sour
+        cakes_," which I presume he must have forgotten the name of. I
+        should have mentioned, that when these cakes (for they are
+        frequently called _avver cakes_) are baked, the fire must be of
+        wood; they never bake them over any other fire. These cakes are
+        of a remarkably strong, sour taste. I should further note, that
+        the _girdle_ is attached to a "crane" affixed in the chimney.
+
+I am totally unable to give a definition of the word _avver_, and should
+feel much gratified by any correspondent's elucidation. I think _P.T.W_.
+may possibly assist me on this point; and if so, I shall be much obliged.
+There is an evident corruption in it. I have sometimes thought that avver
+means oaten, although I have no other authority than from knowing the
+strange pronunciation given to other words.
+
+W.H.H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE CONTEMPORARY TRAVELLER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DESCRIPTION OF MEKKA.
+
+
+Mekka maybe styled a handsome town; its streets are in general broader
+than those of eastern cities; the houses lofty, and built of stone; and
+the numerous windows that face the streets give them a more lively and
+European aspect than those of Egypt or Syria, where the houses present
+but few windows towards the exterior. Mekka (like Djidda) contains many
+houses three stories high; few at Mekka are white-washed; but the dark
+grey colour of the stone is much preferable to the glaring white that
+offends the eye in Djidda. In most towns of the Levant the narrowness of
+a street contributes to its coolness; and in countries where
+wheel-carriages are not used, a space that allows two loaded camels to
+pass each other is deemed sufficient. At Mekka, however, it was necessary
+to leave the passages wide, for the innumerable visiters who here crowd
+together; and it is in the houses adapted for the reception of pilgrims
+and other sojourners, that the windows are so contrived as to command a
+view of the streets.
+
+The city is open on every side; but the neighbouring mountains, if
+properly defended, would form a barrier of considerable strength against
+an enemy. In former times it had three walls to protect its extremities;
+one was built across the valley, at the street of Mala; another at the
+quarter of Shebeyka; and the third at the valley opening into the
+Mesfale. These walls were repaired in A.H. 816 and 828, and in a century
+after some traces of them still remained.
+
+The only public place in the body of the town is the ample square of the
+great mosque; no trees or gardens cheer the eye; and the scene is
+enlivened only during the Hadj by the great number of well stored shops
+which are found in every quarter. Except four or five large houses
+belonging to the Sherif, two _medreses_ or colleges (now converted into
+corn magazines,) and the mosque, with some buildings and schools attached
+to it, Mekka cannot boast of any public edifices, and in this respect
+is, perhaps, more deficient than any other eastern city of the same size.
+Neither khans, for the accommodation of travellers, or for the deposit of
+merchandize, nor palaces of grandees, nor mosques, which adorn every
+quarter of other towns in the East, are here to be seen; and we may
+perhaps attribute this want of splendid buildings to the veneration which
+its inhabitants entertain for their temple; this prevents them from
+constructing any edifice which might possibly pretend to rival it.
+
+The houses have windows looking towards the street; of these many project
+from the wall, and have their frame-work elaborately carved, or gaudily
+painted. Before them hang blinds made of slight reeds, which exclude
+flies and gnats while they admit fresh air. Every house has its terrace,
+the floor of which (composed of a preparation from lime-stone) is built
+with a slight inclination, so that the rain-water runs off through
+gutters into the street; for the rains here are so irregular that it is
+not worth while to collect the water of them in cisterns, as is done in
+Syria. The terraces are concealed from view by slight parapet walls; for
+throughout the east, it is reckoned discreditable that a man should
+appear upon the terrace, whence he might be accused of looking at women
+in the neighbouring houses, as the females pass much of their time on the
+terraces, employed in various domestic occupations, such as drying corn,
+hanging up linen, &c. The Europeans of Aleppo alone enjoy the privilege
+of frequenting their terraces, which are often beautifully built of
+stone; here they resort during the summer evenings, and often to sup and
+pass the night. All the houses of the Mekkawys, except those of the
+principal and richest inhabitants, are constructed for the accommodation
+of lodgers, being divided into many apartments, separated from each
+other, and each consisting of a sitting-room and a small kitchen. Since
+the pilgrimage, which has begun to decline, (this happened before the
+Wahaby conquest,) many of the Mekkawys, no longer deriving profit from
+the letting of their lodgings, found themselves unable to afford the
+expense of repairs; and thus numerous buildings in the out-skirts have
+fallen completely into ruin, and the town itself exhibits in every street
+houses rapidly decaying. I saw only one of recent construction; it was in
+the quarter of El Shebeyka, belonged to a Sherif, and cost, as report
+said, one hundred and fifty purses; such a house might have been built at
+Cairo for sixty purses.
+
+The streets are all unpaved; and in summer time the sand and dust in them
+are as great a nuisance as the mud is in the rainy season, during which
+they are scarcely passable after a shower; for in the interior of the
+town the water does not run off, but remains till it is dried up. It may
+be ascribed to the destructive rains, which, though of shorter duration
+than in other tropical countries, fall with considerable violence, that
+no ancient buildings are found in Mekka. The mosque itself has undergone
+so many repairs under different sultans, that it may be called a modern
+structure; and of the houses, I do not think there exists one older than
+four centuries; it is not, therefore, in this place, that the traveller
+must look for interesting specimens of architecture or such beautiful
+remains of Saracenic structures as are still admired in Syria, Egypt,
+Barbary, and Spain. In this respect the ancient and far-famed Mekka is
+surpassed by the smallest provincial towns of Syria or Egypt. The same
+may be said with respect to Medina, and I suspect that the towns of Yemen
+are generally poor in architectural remains.
+
+Mekka is deficient in those regulations of police which are customary in
+Eastern cities. The streets are totally dark at night, no lamps of any
+kind being lighted; its different quarters are without gates, differing
+in this respect also from most Eastern towns, where each quarter is
+regularly shut up after the last evening prayers. The town may therefore
+be crossed at any time of the night, and the same attention is not paid
+here to the security of merchants, as well as of husbands, (on whose
+account principally, the quarters are closed,) as in Syrian or Egyptian
+towns of equal magnitude. The dirt and sweepings of the houses are cast
+into the streets, where they soon become dust or mud according to the
+season. The same custom seems to have prevailed equally in ancient times;
+for I did not perceive in the skirts of the town any of those heaps of
+rubbish which are usually found near the large towns of Turkey.
+
+With respect to water, the most important of all supplies, and that which
+always forms the first object of inquiry among Asiatics, Mekka is not
+much better provided than Djidda; there are but few cisterns for
+collecting rain, and the well-water is so brackish that it is used only
+for culinary purposes, except during the time of the pilgrimage, when the
+lowest class of hadjys drink it. The famous well of Zemzem, in the great
+mosque, is indeed sufficiently copious to supply the whole town; but,
+however holy, its water is heavy to the taste and impedes digestion; the
+poorer classes besides have not permission to fill their water-skins with
+it at pleasure. The best water in Mekka is brought by a conduit from the
+vicinity of Arafat, six or seven hours distant. The present government,
+instead of constructing similar works, neglects even the repairs and
+requisite cleansing of this aqueduct. It is wholly built of stone; and
+all those parts of it which appear above ground, are covered with a thick
+layer of stone and cement. I heard that it had not been cleaned during
+the last fifty years; the consequence of this negligence is, that the
+most of the water is lost in its passage to the city through apertures,
+or slowly forces its way through the obstructing sediment, though it
+flows in a full stream into the head of the aqueduct at Arafat. The
+supply which it affords in ordinary times is barely sufficient for the
+use of the inhabitants, and during the pilgrimage sweet water becomes an
+absolute scarcity; a small skin of water (two of which skins a person may
+carry) being then often sold for one shilling--a very high price among
+Arabs.
+
+There are two places in the interior of Mekka where the aqueduct runs
+above ground; there the water is let off into small channels or
+fountains, at which some slaves of the Sherif are stationed, to exact a
+toll from persons filling their water-skins. In the time of the Hadj,
+these fountains are surrounded day and night by crowds of people
+quarrelling and fighting for access to the water. During the late siege,
+the Wahabys cut off the supply of water from the aqueduct; and it was not
+till some time after, that the injury which this structure then received,
+was partially repaired.
+
+There is a small spring which oozes from under the rocks behind the great
+palace of the Sherif, called Beit el Sad; it is said to afford the best
+water in this country, but the supply is very scanty. The spring is
+enclosed, and appropriated wholly to the Sherif's family.
+
+Beggars, and infirm or indigent hadjys, often entreat the passengers in
+the streets of Mekka for a draught of sweet water; they particularly
+surround the water-stands, which are seen in every corner, and where, for
+two paras in the time of the Hadj, and for one para, at other times, as
+much water may be obtained as will fill a jar.--_Burckhardt's Travels in
+Arabia_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE NATURALIST.
+
+[Illustration: FLAKES OF SNOW MAGNIFIED.]
+
+
+
+Snow is one of the treasures of the atmosphere. Its wonderful
+construction, and the beautiful regularity of its figures, have been the
+object of a treatise by Erasmus Bartholine, who published in 1661, "_De
+Figurâ Nivis Dissertatio_," with observations of his brother Thomas on
+the use of snow in medicine. On examining the flakes of snow with a
+magnifying glass before they melt, (which may easily be done by making
+the experiment in the open air,) they will appear composed of fine
+shining spicula or points, diverging like rays from a centre. As the
+flakes fall down through the atmosphere, they are joined by more of these
+radiated spicula, and thus increase in bulk like the drops of rain or
+hail-stones. Dr. Green says, "that many parts of snow are of a regular
+figure, for the most part so many little rowels or stars of six points,
+and are as perfect and transparent ice as any seen on a pond. Upon each
+of these points are other collateral points set at the same angles as the
+main points themselves; among these there are divers others, irregular,
+which are chiefly broken points and fragments of the regular ones. Others
+also, by various winds, seem to have been thawed and frozen again into
+irregular clusters; so that it seems as if the whole body of snow was an
+infinite mass of icicles irregularly figured. That is, a cloud of vapours
+being gathered into drops, those drops forthwith descend, and in their
+descent, meeting with a freezing air as they pass through a colder
+region, each drop is immediately frozen into an icicle, shooting itself
+forth into several points; but these still continuing their descent, and
+meeting with some intermitting gales of warmer air, or, in their
+continual waftage to and fro, touching upon each other are a little
+thawed, blunted, and frozen into clusters, or entangled so as to fall
+down in what we call flakes." But we are not, (says the author of the
+"Contemplative Philosopher,") to consider snow merely as a curious
+phenomenon. The Great Disposer of universal bounty has so ordered it,
+that it is eminently subservient, as well as all the works of creation,
+to his benevolent designs.
+
+  "He gives the winter's snow her airy birth,
+  And bids her virgin fleeces clothe the earth."
+                                           SANDYS.
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MONKEYS AT GIBRALTAR.
+
+
+Though Gibraltar abounds with monkeys, there are none to be found in the
+rest of Spain; this is supposed to be occasioned by the following
+circumstance;--The waters of the Propontis, which anciently might be
+nothing but a lake formed by the Granicus and Rhyndacus, finding it more
+easy to work themselves a canal by the Dardanelles than any other way,
+spread into the Mediterranean, and forcing a passage into the ocean
+between Mount Atlas and Calpe, separated the rock from the coast of
+Africa; and the monkeys being taken by surprise, were compelled to be
+carried with it over to Europe, "These animals," says a resident at
+Gibraltar, "are now in high favour here. The lieutenant-governor, General
+Don, has taken them under his protection, and threatened with fine and
+imprisonment any one who shall in any way molest them. They have
+increased rapidly, of course. Many of them are as large as our dogs; and
+some of the old grandfathers and great-grandfathers are considerably
+larger. I had the good fortune to fall in with a family of about ten, and
+had an opportunity of watching for a time their motions. There appeared
+to be a father and mother, four or five grown-up children, and three that
+had not reached the years of discretion. One of them was still at the
+breast; and although he was large enough to be weaned, and indeed made
+his escape as rapidly as the mother when they took the alarm, it was
+quite impossible to restrain laughter when one saw the mother, with great
+gravity, sitting nursing the little elf, with her hand behind it, and the
+older children skipping up and down the walls, and playing all sorts of
+antic tricks with one another. They made their escape with the utmost
+rapidity, leaping over rocks and precipices with great agility, and
+evidently unconscious of fear."
+
+W.G.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR,
+
+AND
+
+LITERARY NOTICES OF
+
+_NEW WORKS_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE GREAT WORLD OF FASHION.
+
+
+Satire is the pantomime of literature, and harlequin's jacket, his black
+vizor, and his eel-like lubricity, are so many harmless satires on the
+weak sides of our nature. The pen of the satirist is as effective as the
+pencil of the artist; and provided it draw well, cannot fail to prove as
+attractive. Indeed, the characters of pantomime, harlequin, columbine,
+clown, and pantaloon, make up the best _quarto_ that has ever appeared on
+the manners and follies of the times; and they may be turned to as grave
+an account as any page of Seneca's Morals, or Cicero's Disputations;
+however various the means, the end, or object, is the same, and all is
+rounded with a sleep.
+
+"The Great World," in the language of satire, is the "glass of fashion
+and the mould of form." Its geography and history are as perpetually
+changing as the modes of St. James's, or the features of one of its
+toasted beauties; and what is written of it to-day may be dry, and its
+time be out of joint, before it has escaped the murky precincts of the
+printing-house. It is subtlety itself, and we know not "whence it cometh,
+and whither it goeth." Its philosophy is concentric, for this Great World
+consists of thousands of little worlds, _usque ad infinitum_, and we do
+well if we become not giddy with looking on the wheels of its
+vicissitudes.
+
+We know not whom we have to thank for the pamphlet of sixty
+pages--entitled "A Geographical and Historical Account of the Great
+World"--now before us. It bears the imprint of "Ridgway, Piccadilly," so
+that it is published at the gate of the very region it describes--like
+the accounts of _Pere la Chaise_, sold at its _concierge_. Annexed is a
+Map of the Great World--but the author has not "attempted to lay down the
+longitude; the only measurements hitherto made being confined to the
+west of the meridian of St. James's Strait." Then the author tells us of
+the atomic hypothesis of the formation of the Great World. "These rules,
+for the performance of what appears to be an atomic quadrille, are
+furnished by Sir H. Davy, elected by the Great World, master of the
+ceremonies for the preservation of order, and prescribing rules for the
+regulation of the Universe." "The surface of the Great World, or rather
+its crust, has been ascertained to be exceedingly shallow."
+
+The inhabitants of the Great World, in its diurnal rotation, receive no
+light from the sun till a few hours before the time of its setting with
+us, when it also sets with them, so that they are inconvenienced for a
+short time only, by its light. In its annual orbit, it has but one
+season, which, though called Spring, is subject to the most sudden
+alternations of heat and cold. The females have a singular method of
+protecting themselves from the baneful effects of these violent changes,
+which is worthy of notice:--they wrap themselves up, during the short
+time the sun shines, in pelisses, shawls, and cloaks, their heads being
+protected by hats, whose umbrageous brims so far exceed in dimensions the
+little umbrellas raised above them, that a stranger is at a loss to
+conjecture the use of the latter. Shortly after the sun has set, these
+habiliments are all thrown off, dresses of gossamer are substituted in
+their place, and the fair wearers rush out into the open air, to enjoy
+the cool night breezes.
+
+This is but the "Companion to the Map." The Voyage to the several Islands
+of the Great World, "is in a frame-work of the adventures of Sir Heedless
+Headlong, who neither reaches the Great World by a balloon, nor Perkins's
+steam-gun. He cruises about St. James's Straits, makes for Idler's
+Harbour, in Alba; is repulsed, but with a friend, Jack Rashleigh,
+journeys to Society Island, lands at Small Talk Bay, and makes for the
+capital, Flirtington. He first visits a general assembly of the leaders
+of the isle. At the house of assembly the rush of charioteers was so
+great, that it is impossible to say what might have been the consequence
+of the general confusion, or how many lives might have been lost, but for
+the interference of a little man in a flaxen wig, and broad-brimmed hat,
+with a cane in his hand, whose authority is said to extend equally over
+ladies and pickpockets of all degrees."[18] Then comes an exquisite bit
+of badinage on that most stupid of all stupidities, a fashionable rout.
+
+   [18] Quasi Townsend.
+
+"On entering the walls, my surprise may be partly conceived, at finding
+those persons, whom I had seen so eagerly striving to gain admittance,
+crowded together in a capacious vapour bath, heated to so high a
+temperature, that had I not been aware of the strict prohibition of
+science, I should have imagined the meeting to have been held for the
+purpose of ascertaining, by experiment, the greatest degree of heat which
+the human frame is capable of supporting. That they should choose such a
+place for their deliberations upon the welfare of the island, appeared to
+me extraordinary, and only to be accounted for upon the supposition that
+it was intended to carry off, by evaporation, that internal heat to which
+the assemblies of legislators of some other countries are known to be
+subject. Judging from the grave and melancholy countenances of the
+persons assembled, I councluded the affairs of the island to be in a very
+disasterous state; and I could discover very little either said or done,
+at all calculated to advance its interests. Of the capital itself, some
+members said a few words; but, to use the language of our Globe, in so
+inaudible a tone of voice, that we could scarcely catch their import. The
+principal subject of their discussion consisted of complaining of the
+extreme heat of the bath, and mutual inquiries respecting their intention
+of immersing themselves in any others that were open the same night."
+
+He next satirizes a fashionable dinner, the parks, the Horticultural
+Society, some pleasant jokes upon a rosy mother and her parsnip-pale
+daughters, and an admirable piece of fun upon the female oligarchy of
+Almacks.
+
+"From hence I made a trip to Crocky's Island, situated on the opposite
+side of the Strait. On landing at Hellgate, within Fools' Inlet my
+surprise was much excited by the prodigious flocks of gulls, pigeons, and
+geese, which were directing their flight towards the Great Fish Lake,
+whither I, too, was making my way. I concluded their object was to
+procure food, of which a profusion was here spread before them,
+consisting of every thing which such birds most delight to peck at; but
+no sooner had they settled near the bank, than they were seized upon by a
+Fisherman, (who was lying in wait for them,) and completely plucked of
+their feathers, an operation to which they very quietly submitted, and
+were then suffered to depart. Upon inquiring his motive for what appeared
+to me a wanton act of cruelty, he told me his intention was to stuff his
+bed with the feathers; 'or,' added he, 'if you _vill_, to feather my
+nest.' Being myself an admirer of a soft bed, I saw no reason why I
+should not employ myself in the same way; but owing, perhaps, to my being
+a novice in the art, and not knowing how to manage the birds properly,
+they were but little disposed to submit themselves to my hands; and, in
+the attempt, I found myself so completely covered with feathers, that
+which of the three descriptions of birds aforesaid I most resembled, it
+would have been difficult to determine. The fisherman, seeing my
+situation, was proceeding to add to the stock of feathers which he had
+collected in a great bag, by plucking those from my person, when, wishing
+to save him any further trouble, I hurried back to Hellgate."
+
+We cannot accompany Sir Heedless any further; but must conclude with a
+few piquancies from the _Vocabulary of the Language of the Great World_,
+which is as necessary to the enjoyment of fashionable life, as is a
+glossary to an elementary scientific treatise:--
+
+_At Home._--Making your house as unlike home as possible, by turning
+every thing topsy-turvy, removing your furniture, and squeezing as many
+people into your rooms as can be compressed together.
+
+_Not at Home._--Sitting in your own room, engaged in reading a new novel,
+writing notes, or other important business.
+
+_Affection._--A painful sensation, such as gout, rheumatism, cramp,
+head-ache, &c.
+
+_Mourning._--An outward covering of black, put on by the relatives of any
+deceased person of consequence, or by persons succeeding to a large
+fortune, as an emblem of their grief upon so melancholy an event.
+
+_Morning._--The time corresponding to that between our noon and sun-set.
+
+_Evening._--The time between our sun-set and sun-rise.
+
+_Night._---The time between our sun-rise and noon.
+
+_Domestic._--An epithet applied to cats, dogs, and other tame animals,
+keeping at home.
+
+_Reflection._--The person viewed in a looking-glass.
+
+_Tenderness._--A property belonging to meat long kept.
+
+_An Undress._--A thick covering of garments.
+
+_A Treasure._--A lady's maid, skilful in the mysteries of building up
+heads, and pulling down characters; ingenious in the construction of
+caps, capes, and scandal, and judicious in the application of paint and
+flattery; also, a footman, who knows, at a single glance, what visiters
+to admit to the presence of his mistress, and whom to refuse.
+
+_Immortality_.--An imaginary privilege of living for ever, conferred upon
+heroes, poets, and patriots.
+
+_Taste_.--The art of discerning the precise shades of difference
+constituting a bad or well dressed man, woman, or dinner.
+
+_Tact_.--The art of wheedling a rich old relation, winning an heiress, or
+dismissing duns with the payment of fair promises.
+
+_Album_.--A ledger kept by ladies for the entry of compliments, in rhyme,
+paid _on demand_ to their beautiful hair, complexions fair, the dimpled
+chin, the smiles that win, the ruby lips, where the bee sips, &c. &c.;
+the whole amount being transferred to their private account from the
+public stock.
+
+_Resignation_.--Giving up a place.
+
+_A Heathen_.--An infidel to the tenets of ton, a Goth; a monster; a
+vulgar wretch. One who eats twice of soup, swills beer, _takes_ wine,
+knows nothing about ennui, dyspepsia, or peristaltic persuaders, and does
+not play ecarté; a creature--nobody.
+
+_Vice_.--An instrument made use of by ladies in _netting_ for the purpose
+of securing their work.
+
+_A Martyr_.--A gentleman subject to the gout.
+
+_Temperate_.----Quiet, an epithet applied only to horses.
+
+_Bore_.--A country acquaintance, or relation, a leg of mutton, a
+hackney-coach, &c., children, or a family party.
+
+_Love_.--Admiration of a large fortune.
+
+_Courage_.--Shooting a fellow creature, perhaps a friend, from the fear
+of being thought a coward.
+
+_Christmas_.--That time of year when tradesmen, and boys from school,
+become troublesome.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+OLD POETS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A KISS.
+
+
+  Best charge and bravest retreat in Cupid's fight,
+  A double key which opens to the heart,
+  Most rich, when most his riches it impart,
+  Nest of young joys, schoolmaster of delight,
+  Teaching the mean at once to take and give,
+  The friendly stay, where blows both wound and heal,
+  The petty death where each in other live,
+  Poor hope's first wealth, hostage of promise weak,
+  Breakfast of love.
+                            SIR P. SYDNEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SIGHT.
+
+
+  -----Nine things to sight required are
+    The power to see, the light, the visible thing:
+  Being not too small, too thin, too nigh, too far,
+    Clear space, and time the form distinct to bring.
+                                     J. DAVIES.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MERCY AND JUSTICE.
+
+
+  Oh who shall show the countenance and gestures
+  Of Mercy and Justice; which fair sacred sisters,
+  With equal poise doth ever balance even,
+  The unchanging projects of the King of heaven.
+  The one stern of look, the other mild aspecting,
+  The one pleas'd with tears, the other blood affecting;
+  The one bears the sword of vengeance unrelenting
+  The other brings pardon for the true repenting.
+                                  J. SYLVESTER
+
+      *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+  I know that countenance cannot lie
+  Whose thoughts are legible in the eye.
+                                  M. ROYDON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+INGRATITUDE.
+
+
+  Unthankfulness is that great sin,
+    Which made the devil and his angels fall:
+  Lost him and them the joys that they were in,
+    And now in hell detains them bound in thrall.
+                              SIR J. HARRINGTON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+  Thou hateful monster base ingratitude,
+    Soul's mortal poison, deadly killing-wound,
+  Deceitful serpent seeking to delude,
+    Black loathsome ditch, where all desert is drown'd;
+  Vile pestilence, which all things dost confound.
+  At first created to no other end,
+  But to grieve those, whom nothing could offend.
+                                  M. DRAYTON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HEAVEN.
+
+
+  From hence with grace and goodness compass'd round,
+    God ruleth, blesseth, keepeth all he wrought,
+  Above the air, the fire, the sea and ground
+    Our sense, our wit, our reason and our thought;
+  Where persons three, with power and glory crown'd,
+    Are all one God, who made all things of naught.
+      Under whose feet, subjected to his grace
+      Sit nature, fortune, motion, time and place.
+
+  This is the place from whence like smoke and dust
+    Of this frail world, the wealth, the pomp, the power,
+  He tosseth, humbleth, turneth as he lust,
+    And guides our life, our end, our death and hour,
+  No eye (however virtuous, pure and just)
+    Can view the brightness of that glorious bower,
+      On every side the blessed spirits be
+      Equal in joys though differing in degree.
+                                       E. FAIRFAX.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MARRIAGE.
+
+
+  In choice of wife prefer the modest chaste,
+    Lilies are fair in show, but foul in smell,
+  The sweetest looks by age are soon defaced,
+    Then choose thy wife by wit and loving well.
+  Who brings thee wealth, and many faults withal,
+  Presents thee honey mix'd with bitter gall.
+                                       D. LODGE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PRIDE.
+
+  Pride is the root of ill in every state,
+  The source of sin, the very fiend's fee:
+  The bead of hell, the bough, the branch, the tree;
+  From which do spring and sprout such fleshly seeds,
+  As nothing else but moans and mischief breeds.
+                                     G. GASCOIGNE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTES FROM THE LONDON REVIEW,
+
+NO. 1.
+
+ANCIENT AND MODERN LUXURIES.
+
+
+As a learned doctor, a passionate admirer of the Nicotian plant, was not
+long since regaling himself with a pinch of snuff, in the study of an old
+college friend, his classical recollections suddenly mixed with his
+present sensation, and suggested the following question:--"If a Greek or
+a Roman were to rise from the grave, how would you explain to him the
+three successive enjoyments which we have had to-day after dinner,--tea,
+coffee, and snuff? By what perception or sensation familiar to them,
+would you account for the modern use of the three vulgar elements, which
+we see notified on every huckster's stall?--or paint the more refined
+beatitude of a young barrister comfortably niched in one of our London
+divans, concentrating his ruminations over a new Quarterly, by the aid of
+a highly-flavoured Havannah?" The doctor's friend, whose ingenuity is not
+easily taken at fault, answered, "By friction, which was performed so
+consummately in their baths. It is no new propensity of animal nature, to
+find pleasure from the combination of a _stimulant_, and a _sedative_.
+The ancients chafed their skins, and we chafe our stomachs, exactly for
+that same double purpose of excitement and repose (let physiologists
+explain their union) which these vegetable substances procure now so
+extensively to mankind. In a word, I would tell the ancient Greeks or
+Romans, that the dealer in tea, coffee, tobacco, and snuff, is to us what
+the experienced practioner of the _strigil_ was to them; with this
+difference, however, that while we spare our skins, our stomachs are in
+danger of being tanned into leather."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE STAGE.
+
+
+We may compare _tragedy_ to a martyrdom by one of the old masters; which,
+whatever be its merit, represents persons, emotions, and events so remote
+from the experience of the spectator, that he feels the grounds of his
+approbation and blame to be in a great measure conjectural. The
+_romance_, such as we generally have seen it, resembles a Gothic
+window-piece, where monarchs and bishops exhibit the symbols of their
+dignity, and saints hold out their palm branches, and grotesque monsters
+in blue and gold pursue one another through the intricacies of a
+never-ending scroll, splendid in colouring, but childish in composition,
+and imitating nothing in nature but a mass of drapery and jewels thrown
+over the commonest outlines of the human figure. The works of the
+_comedian_, in their least interesting forms, are Dutch paintings and
+caricatures: in their best, they are like Wilkie's earlier pictures,
+accurate imitations of pleasing, but familiar objects--admirable as works
+of art, but addressed rather to the judgment than to the imagination.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ENGLISH WOMEN.
+
+
+Nothing could be more easy than to prove, in the reflected light of our
+literature, that from the period of our Revolution to the present time,
+the education of women has improved among us, as much, at least, as that
+of men. Unquestionably that advancement has been greater within the last
+fifty years, than during any previous period of equal length; and it may
+even be doubted whether the modern rage of our fair countrywomen for
+universal acquirement has not already been carried to a height injurious
+to the attainment of excellence in the more important branches of
+literary information.
+
+But in every age since that of Charles II, Englishwomen have been better
+educated than their mothers. For much of this progress we are indebted to
+Addison. Since the Spectator set the example, a great part of our lighter
+literature, unlike that of the preceding age, has been addressed to the
+sexes in common: whatever language could shock the ear of woman, whatever
+sentiment could sully her purity of thought, has been gradually expunged
+from the far greater and better portion of our works of imagination and
+taste; and it is this growing refinement and delicacy of expression,
+throughout the last century, which prove, as much as any thing, the
+increasing number of female readers, and the increasing homage which has
+been paid to the better feelings of their sex.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Mr. Lee, the high-constable of Westminster, in the _Police Report_, says,
+"I have known the time when I have seen the regular thieves watching
+Drummonds' house, looking out for persons coming out: and the widening of
+the pavement of the streets has, I think, done a great deal of good. With
+respect to pick-pocketing, there is not a chance of their doing now as
+they used to do. If a man attempts to pick a pocket, it is ten to one if
+he is not seen, which was not the case formerly."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CRIME IN PARIS.
+
+
+Vidocq, in his Memoires, relates, that in 1817, with twelve agents or
+subordinate officers, he effected in Paris the number of arrests which
+he thus enumerates:--
+
+  Assassins or murderers                       15
+  Robbers or burglars                           5
+  Ditto with false keys                       108
+  Ditto in furnished houses                    12
+  Highwaymen                                  126
+  Pickpockets and cutpurses                    73
+  Shoplifters                                  17
+  Receivers of stolen property                 38
+  Fugitives from the prisons                   14
+  Tried galley-slaves, having left their exile 43
+  Forgers, cheats, swindlers, &c.              46
+  Vagabonds, robbers returned to Paris        229
+  By mandates from his excellency              46
+  Captures and seizures of stolen property     39
+                                             ----
+                                              811
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WITNESSES.
+
+
+The protracted proceedings of our criminal courts are productive of one
+serious evil, which we have never seen noticed. Domestic servants, and
+others who appear as witnesses, must frequently wait, day after day, in
+the court-yard and avenues, or in the adjacent public-houses, until the
+cases on which they have been subpoenaed are called for trial. During
+these intervals they converse and become acquainted with others in
+attendance, a large proportion of whom are generally friends or
+associates of the prisoners. It is thus that the most dangerous
+intimacies have been formed; and many instances have occurred where
+servants, who have been seen in the courts as witnesses for a
+prosecution, have soon afterwards appeared there as prisoners.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+YOU'LL COME TO OUR BALL.
+
+
+"Comment! c'est lui?--que je le regarde encore!--c'est que vraiment il
+est bien changé; n'est pas, mon papa?"--_Les premiers Amours_.
+
+  You'll come to our Ball--since we parted,
+    I've thought of you, more than I'll say;
+  Indeed, I was half broken-hearted,
+    For a week, when they took you away.
+  Fond Fancy brought back to my slumbers
+    Our walks on the Ness and the Den,
+  And echoed the musical numbers
+    Which you used to sing to me then.
+  I know the romance, since it's over,
+    'Twere idle, or worse, to recall:--
+  I know you're a terrible rover:
+    But, Clarence,--you'll come to our Ball!
+
+  It's only a year, since at College
+    You put on your cap and your gown;
+  But, Clarence, you're grown out of knowledge,
+    And chang'd from the spur to the crown:
+  The voice that was best when it faltered
+    Is fuller and firmer in tone;
+  And the smile that should never have altered,--
+    Dear Clarence,--it is not your own:
+  Your cravat was badly selected,
+    Your coat don't become you at all;
+  And why is your hair so neglected?
+    You _must_ have it curled for our Ball.
+
+  I've often been out upon Haldon,
+    To look for a covey with Pup:
+  I've often been over to Shaldon,
+    To see how your boat is laid up:
+  In spite of the terrors of Aunty,
+    I've ridden the filly you broke;
+  And I've studied your sweet, little Dante,
+    In the shade of your favourite oak:
+  When I sat in July to Sir Lawrence,
+    I sat in your love of a shawl;
+  And I'll wear what you brought me from Florence,
+    Perhaps, if you'll come to our Ball.
+
+  You'll find us all changed since you vanished:
+    We've set up a National School,
+  And waltzing is utterly banished--
+    And Ellen has married a fool--
+  The Major is going to travel--
+    Miss Hyacinth threatens a rout--
+  The walk is laid down with fresh gravel--
+    Papa is laid up with the gout:
+  And Jane has gone on with her easels,
+    And Anne has gone off with Sir Paul;
+  And Fanny is sick of the measles,--
+    And I'll tell you the rest at the Ball.
+
+  You'll meet all your Beauties;--the Lily,
+    And the Fairy of Willowbrook Farm,
+  And Lucy, who made me so silly
+    At Dawlish, by taking your arm--
+  Miss Manners, who always abused you,
+    For talking so much about Hock--
+  And her sister who often amused you,
+    By raving of rebels and Rock;
+  And something which surely would answer,
+    A heiress, quite fresh from Bengal--
+  So, though you were seldom a dancer,
+    You'll dance, just for once, at our Ball.
+
+  But out on the world!--from the flowers
+    It shuts out the sunshine of truth;
+  It blights the green leaves in the bowers,
+    It makes an old age of our youth:
+  And the flow of our feeling, once in it,
+    Like a streamlet beginning to freeze,
+  Though it cannot turn ice in a minute,
+    Grows harder by sullen degrees--
+  Time treads o'er the grave of Affection;
+    Sweet honey is turned into gall.
+  Perhaps you have no recollection
+    That ever you danced at our Ball.
+
+  You once could be pleased with our ballads--
+    To-day you have critical ears:
+  You once could be charmed with our salads--
+    Alas! you've been dining with Peers--
+  You trifled and flirted with many---
+    You've forgotten the when and the how--
+  There was _one_ you liked better than any--
+    Perhaps you've forgotten _her_ now.
+  But of those you remember most newly,
+    Of those who delight or enthrall,
+  None love you a quarter so truly
+    As some you will find at our Ball.
+
+  They tell me you've many who flatter,
+    Because of your wit and your song--
+  They tell me (and what does it matter?)
+    You like to be praised by the throng--
+  They tell me you're shadowed with laurel,
+    They tell me you're loved by a Blue--
+  They tell me you're sadly immoral,
+    Dear Clarence, _that_ cannot be true!
+  But to me you are still what I found you
+    Before you grew clever and tall--
+  And you'll think of the spell that once bound you--
+    And you'll come--_won't_ you come?--to our Ball!
+
+                           _London Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PARTY.
+
+
+Two dogs cannot worry one another in the streets without instantly
+forming each his party among the crowd; much more then does the principle
+apply to higher contests.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE ANECDOTE GALLERY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MOLIERE.
+
+
+At the town of Pezénas they still show an elbow-chair of Molière's (as at
+Montpelier they show the gown of Rabelais,) in which the poet, it is
+said, ensconced in a corner of a barber's shop, would sit for the hour
+together, silently watching the air, gestures, and grimaces of the
+village politicians, who, in those days, before coffee-houses were
+introduced into France, used to congregate in this place of resort. The
+fruits of this study may be easily discerned in those original draughts
+of character from the middling and lower classes with which his pieces
+everywhere abound.
+
+Molière's celebrated farce of _Les Précieuses Ridicules_; a piece in only
+one act, but which, by its inimitable satire, effected such a revolution
+in the literary taste of his countrymen, as has been accomplished by few
+works of a more imposing form--may be considered as the basis of the
+dramatic glory of Molière, and the dawn of good comedy in France. The
+satire aimed at a coterie of wits who set themselves up as arbiters of
+taste and fashion, and was welcomed with enthusiastic applause, most of
+them being present at the first exhibition, to behold the fine fabric,
+which they had been so painfully constructing, brought to the ground by a
+single blow. "And these follies," said Ménage to Chapelin, "which you and
+I see so finely criticised here, are what we have been so long admiring.
+We must go home and burn our idols." "Courage, Molière," cried an old man
+from the pit; "this is genuine comedy." The price of the seats was
+doubled from the time of the second representation. Nor were the effects
+of the satire merely transitory. It converted an epithet of praise into
+one of reproach; and a _femme precieuse_, a _style precieux_, a _ton
+precieux_, once so much admired, have ever since been used only to
+signify the most ridiculous affectation. There was, in truth, however,
+quite as much luck as merit, in this success of Molière; whose production
+exhibits no finer raillery, or better sustained dialogue, than are to be
+found in many of his subsequent pieces. It assured him, however, of his
+own strength, and disclosed to him the mode in which he should best hit
+the popular taste. "I have no occasion to study Plautus or Terence any
+longer," said he, "I must henceforth, study the world." The world
+accordingly was his study; and the exquisite models of character which it
+furnished him, will last as long as it shall endure.
+
+Though an habitual valetudinarian, Molière relied almost wholly on the
+temperance of his diet for the reestablishment of his health. "What use
+do you make of your physician?" said the king to him one day. "We chat
+together, Sire," said the poet. "He gives me his prescriptions; I never
+follow them; and so I get well."
+
+In Molière's time, the profession of a comedian was but lightly esteemed
+in France at this period. Molière experienced the inconveniences
+resulting from this circumstance, even after his splendid literary career
+had given him undoubted claims to consideration. Most of our readers no
+doubt, are acquainted with the anecdote of Belloc, an agreeable poet of
+the court, who, on hearing one of the servants in the royal household
+refuse to aid the author of the _Tartuffe_ in making the king's bed,
+courteously requested "the poet to accept his services for that purpose."
+Madame Campan's anecdote of a similar courtesy, on the part of Louis the
+Fourteenth, is also well known; who, when several of these functionaries
+refused to sit at table with the comedian, kindly invited him to sit down
+with him, and, calling in some of his principal courtiers, remarked that
+"he had requested the pleasure of Molière's company at his own table, as
+it was not thought quite good enough for his officers." This rebuke had
+the desired effect.
+
+Molière died in 1673, he had been long affected by a pulmonary complaint,
+and it was only by severe temperance that he was enabled to preserve even
+a moderate degree of health. At the commencement of the year, his malady
+sensibly increased. At this very season, he composed his _Malade
+Imaginaire_; the most whimsical, and perhaps the most amusing of the
+compositions, in which he has indulged his raillery against the faculty.
+On the 17th of February, being the day appointed for its fourth
+representation, his friends would have dissuaded him from appearing, in
+consequence of his increasing indisposition. But he persisted in his
+design, alleging "that more than fifty poor individuals depended for
+their daily bread on its performance." His life fell a sacrifice to his
+benevolence. The exertions which he was compelled to make in playing the
+principal part of _Argan_ aggravated his distemper, and as he was
+repeating the word _juro_, in the concluding ceremony, he fell into a
+convulsion, which he vainly endeavoured to disguise from the spectators
+under a forced smile. He was immediately carried to his house, in the
+_Rue de Richelieu_, now No. 34. A violent fit of coughing, on his
+arrival, occasioned the rupture of a blood-vessel; and seeing his end
+approaching, he sent for two ecclesiastics of the parish of St. Eustace,
+to which he belonged, to administer to him the last offices of religion.
+But these worthy persons having refused their assistance, before a third,
+who had been sent for, could arrive, Molière, suffocated with the
+effusion of blood, had expired in the arms of his family.
+
+Molière died soon after entering upon his fifty-second year. He is
+represented to have been somewhat above the middle stature, and well
+proportioned; his features large, his complexion dark, and his black,
+bushy eye-brows so flexible, as to admit of his giving an infinitely
+comic expression to his physiognomy. He was the best actor of his own
+generation, and by his counsels, formed the celebrated Baron, the best of
+the succeeding. He played all the range of his own characters, from
+_Alceste_ to _Sganarelle_; though he seems to have been peculiarly fitted
+for broad comedy.
+
+He produced all his pieces, amounting to thirty, in the short space of
+fifteen years. He was in the habit of reading these to an old female
+domestic, by the name of La Forêt; on whose unsophisticated judgment he
+greatly relied. On one occasion when he attempted to impose upon her the
+production of a brother author, she plainly told him that he had never
+written it. Sir Walter Scott may have had this habit of Molière's in his
+mind, when he introduced a similar expedient into his "Chronicles of the
+Canongate." For the same reason, our poet used to request the comedians
+to bring their children with them, when he recited to them a new play.
+The peculiar advantage of this humble criticism, in dramatic
+compositions, is obvious. Alfieri himself, as he informs us, did not
+disdain to resort to it.
+
+Molière was naturally of a reserved and taciturn temper; insomuch that
+his friend Boileau used to call him the _Contemplateur_. Strangers who
+had expected to recognise in his conversation the sallies of wit which
+distinguished his dramas, went away disappointed. The same thing is
+related of La Fontaine. The truth is, that Molière went into society as a
+spectator, not as an actor; he found there the studies for the
+characters, which he was to transport upon the stage; and he occupied
+himself with observing them. The dreamer, La Fontaine, lived too in a
+world of his own creation. His friend, Madame de la Sablière, paid to him
+this untranslateable compliment; "En vérité, mon cher La Fontaine, vous
+seriez bien bête, si vous n'aviez pas tant d'esprit." These unseasonable
+reveries brought him, it may be imagined, into many whimsical adventures.
+The great Corneille, too, was distinguished by the same apathy. A
+gentleman dined at the same table with him for six months, without
+suspecting the author of the "Cid."
+
+Molière enjoyed the closest intimacy with the great Condé, the most
+distinguished ornament of the court of Louis the Fourteenth; to such an
+extent indeed, that the latter directed, that the poet should never be
+refused admission to him, at whatever hour he might choose to pay his
+visit. His regard for his friend was testified by his remark, rather more
+candid than courteous, to an Abbé of his acquaintance, who had brought
+him an epitaph, of his own writing, upon the deceased poet. "Would to
+heaven," said the prince, "that he were in a condition to bring me
+yours."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DOMESTIC HABITS OF NAPOLEON.
+
+
+At nine o'clock the emperor came out of his sleeping apartments, dressed
+for the whole day. First the officers on duty were admitted, and received
+their orders for the day. Then the _grandes entrees_ and the officers of
+the household not on duty were introduced; and if any one had any
+particular communication to make, he staid till the public audience was
+concluded. At half after nine o'clock Napoleon breakfasted, on a small
+mahogany table with one leg, and covered with a napkin. The prefect of
+the palace stood close by this table, with his hat under his arm. The
+breakfast rarely lasted beyond eight minutes. Sometimes, however, men of
+science or literature, or distinguished artists, were admitted at this
+time, with whom Napoleon is represented to have conversed in an easy and
+lively style. Amongst these were M. Monge, Costaz, Denon, Bertholet,
+Corvisart, David, Gerard, Isabey, Talma, and Fontaine. Dinner was served
+at six o'clock; the emperor and the empress dined alone on the common
+days of the week, but on Sunday all the imperial family attended, upon
+which occasion Napoleon, the empress, and Madame Mère had arm-chairs, and
+the rest chairs without arms. There was only one course. The emperor
+drank no wine but Chambertin, and that usually mixed with water. Dinner
+lasted in general from fifteen to twenty minutes. All this time the
+prefect of the palace had to superintend the affair _en grand_, and to
+answer any questions put to him. In the drawing-room a page presented to
+the emperor a waiter with a cup and a sugar-stand. Le chef d'office
+poured out the coffee; the empress took the cup from the emperor; the
+page and the chef d'office retired; the prefect waited till the empress
+had poured the coffee into the saucer and given it to Napoleon. After
+this the emperor went to his papers again, and the empress played at
+cards. Sometimes he would come and talk a little while with the people of
+the household in the apartments of the empress, but not often, and he
+never staid long. Upon his retiring, the officers on duty attended the
+audience _du coucher_, and received their orders for the morrow. This was
+the ordinary economy of the emperor's time, when not with the army.
+
+Napoleon read the English newspapers every day in French, and M. de
+Bausset says the translation was rigorously exact. One day in January,
+1811, the emperor gave some of these extracts to de B., and ordered him
+to read them aloud during dinner. The prefect got on pretty well, till he
+stumbled at some uncouth epithets, with which he was puzzled how to deal,
+especially in the presence of the empress, and a room full of domestics.
+He blew his nose, and skipped the words--"No!" said Napoleon, "read out!
+you will find many more." "I should be wanting--" "Read, I tell you,"
+repeated the emperor, "read every thing!" At last de B. ran upon "tyrant
+or despot," which he commuted for "emperor." Napoleon caught the paper
+out of his hands, read the real phrase aloud, and then ordered M. de B.
+to continue. These translations used to be made by Maret, Duke of
+Bassano.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+  "A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles."
+                                 SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+RETENTIVE MEMORY.
+
+
+The historian, Fuller, in 1607, had a most retentive memory; he could
+repeat 500 strange, unconnected words, after twice hearing them; and a
+sermon verbatim, after reading it once. He undertook, after passing from
+Temple Bar to the farthest part of Cheapside and back again, to mention
+all the signs over the shops on both sides of the streets, repeated them
+backwards and forwards, and performed the task with great exactness.
+
+J.T.S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EVE'S TOMB.
+
+
+About two miles northward of Djidda is shown the tomb of Howa (Eve), the
+mother of mankind; it is, as I was informed, a rude structure of stone,
+about four feet in length, two or three feet in height, and as many in
+breadth; thus resembling the tomb of Noah, seen in the valley of Bekaa,
+in Syria--_Burckhardt's Travels in Arabia_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ACROSTIC ON THE EYES.
+
+
+  E nchanting features! how thy beauties charm;
+  Y e magic orbs, in which for ever dwell
+  E ach varying passion, from the bosom warm,
+  S ilently ye express what language ne'er, can tell.
+                                         C.J.T.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+VOLTAIRE.
+
+
+When Voltaire was once ridiculing our immortal author of "Paradise Lost,"
+in the presence of Dr. Young, it is said the latter delivered the
+following extempore:
+
+  "Thou art so witty, profligate, and thin,
+   Thou seem'st a Milton, with his Death and Sin."
+                                        R.Y.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VENTILATION.
+
+Garrick told Cibber, "that his pieces were the best ventilators to his
+theatre at Drury Lane; for as soon as any of them were played, the
+audience directly left the house."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ACROSTIC TO BRAHAM.
+
+  B ear not away ye gales that sound!
+  R apture be mute, nor breathe one sigh!
+  A ttentive angels hover round--
+  H eaven listens to his melody;
+  A nd all the spheres' harmonious strings
+  M ove in celestial strains when Braham sings!
+                                     G.J.T.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+This day is published, price 5s. with a Frontispiece, and thirty other
+Engravings, the
+
+ARCANA OF SCIENCE, AND ANNUAL REGISTER OF THE USEFUL ARTS, FOR 1829.
+
+The MECHANICAL department contains ONE HUNDRED New Inventions and
+Discoveries, with 14 _Engravings_.
+
+CHEMICAL, SEVENTY articles, with 2 _Engravings_.
+
+NATURAL HISTORY, 135 New Facts and Discoveries, with 7 _Engravings_.
+
+ASTRONOMICAL and METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA--35 articles--6 _Engravings_.
+
+AGRICULTURE, GARDENING, and RURAL ECONOMY, 100 _Articles_.
+
+DOMESTIC ECONOMY 50 _Articles_.
+
+USEFUL ARTS, 50 _Articles_.
+
+FINE ARTS.
+
+PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS.
+
+MISCELLANEOUS REGISTER, &c.
+
+"We hope the editor will publish a similar volume annually."--_Gardener's
+Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand. (near Somerset House,)
+London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and by all
+Newsmen and Booksellers_.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, No. 358, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
+
+  <title>The Mirror of Literature, Issue 358.</title>
+
+  <style type="text/css">
+  <!--
+  body                 {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;}
+  p                    {text-align: justify;}
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+  pre                  {font-size: 1.0em;}
+
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+  hr.short             {text-align: center; width: 20%;}
+  html>body hr.short   {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;}
+
+  .note, .footnote
+  {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;}
+
+  span.pagenum
+  {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt;}
+
+  .poem
+  {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;}
+  .poem .stanza        {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;}
+  .poem p              {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
+  .poem p.i2           {margin-left: 1em;}
+  .poem p.i4           {margin-left: 2em;}
+  .poem p.i6           {margin-left: 3em;}
+  .poem p.i8           {margin-left: 4em;}
+  .poem p.i10          {margin-left: 5em;}
+
+  .figure
+  {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin: auto;}
+  .figure img
+                       {border: none;}
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+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, No. 358, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, No. 358
+       Vol. XIII, No. 358., Saturday, February 28, 1829
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: July 12, 2004 [EBook #12898]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram and PG Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+ <hr class="full" />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page129" id="page129"></a>[pg 129]</span>
+
+  <h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+  OF<br />
+  LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <table width="100%" summary="Volume, Number, and Date">
+    <tr>
+      <td align="left"><b>Vol. XIII, No. 358.</b></td>
+      <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1829.</b></td>
+      <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figure" style="width:100%;"><a href="images/358-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/358-1.png" alt="YORK TERRACE, REGENT'S PARK." /></a> YORK TERRACE, REGENT'S PARK.</div>
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page130" id="page130"></a>[pg 130]</span>
+<h2>YORK TERRACE,</h2>
+
+<h3>REGENT'S PARK.</h3>
+
+
+<p>If the reader is anxious to illustrate any
+political position with the "signs of the
+times," he has only to start from Waterloo-place,
+(thus commencing with a glorious
+reminiscence,) through Regent-street
+and Portland-place, and make the architectural
+tour of the Regent's Park. Entering
+the park from the New Road by
+York Gate, one of the first objects for his
+admiration will be <i>York Terrace</i>, a splendid
+range of private residences, which has
+the appearance of an unique palace. This
+striking effect is produced by all the entrances
+being in the rear, where the vestibules
+are protected by large porches. All
+the doors and windows in the principal
+front represented in the engraving are
+uniform, and appear like a suite of princely
+apartments, somewhat in the style of a
+little Versailles. This idea is assisted by
+the gardens having no divisions.</p>
+
+<p>The architecture of the building is
+Græco-Italian. It consists of an entrance
+or ground story, with semicircular headed
+windows and rusticated piers. A continued
+pedestal above the arches of these
+windows runs through the composition, divided
+between the columns into balustrades,
+in front of the windows of the principal
+story, to which they form handsome balconies.
+The elegant windows of this and the
+principal chamber story are of the Ilissus
+Ionic, and are decorated with a colonnade,
+completed with a well-proportioned entablature
+from the same beautiful order.
+Mr. Elmes, in his critical observations
+on this terrace, thinks the attic story "too
+irregular to accompany so chaste a composition
+as the Ionic, to which it forms a
+crown;" he likewise objects to the cornice
+and blocking-course, as being "also too
+small in proportion for the majesty of the
+lower order."</p>
+
+<p>York Terrace is from the design of Mr.
+Nash, whose genius not unfrequently
+strays into such errors as our architectural
+critic has pointed out.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>VALENTINE CUSTOMS.</h3>
+
+<h4><i>(To the Editor of the Mirror.)</i></h4>
+
+
+<p>As some of the customs described by your
+correspondent W.H.H.<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> are left unaccounted
+for, I suppose any one is at
+liberty to sport a few conjectures on the
+subject. May not, for instance, the practice
+of burning the "<i>holly boy</i>" have its
+origin in some of those rustic incantations
+described by Theocritus as the means
+of recalling a truant lover, or of warming
+a cold one; and thus translated:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"First Delphid injured me, he raised my flame,</p>
+<p>And now I burn this bough in Delphid's name."</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>Virgil, too, in his 8th Eclogue, alludes
+to the same charm:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"Sparge molam, et fragiles incende bitumine lauros;</p>
+<p>Daphnis me malus urit, ego hanc in Daphnide laurum."</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>"Next in the fire the bays with brimstone burn,</p>
+<p>And whilst it crackles in the sulphur, say,</p>
+<p>This I for Daphnis burn, thus Daphnis burn away."</p>
+<p class="i10">                       DRYDEN.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>The <i>"holly bush"</i> being made to represent
+the person beloved, may also be
+borrowed from the ancients:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;"Terque hæc altaria circum</p>
+<p><i>Effigiem</i> duco."</p>
+<p class="i10">                          VIRGIL.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>"Thrice round the altar I the image draw."</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>The burning wax candles may be more
+difficult to account for, unless it refer to
+the custom of melting wax in order to
+mollify the beloved one's heart:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"As this devoted wax melts o'er the fire,</p>
+<p>Let Myndian Delphis melt with soft desire."</p>
+<p class="i10">                        THEOCRITUS.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;"Hæc ut cera liquescit."</p>
+<p>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;"Sic nostro Daphnis amore."</p>
+<p class="i10">                       VIRGIL.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>For a woman to compose a garland
+was always considered an indication of
+her being in love. Aristophanes says,</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"The wreathing garlands in a woman is</p>
+<p>The usual symptom of a love-sick mind."</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>Should the charms resorted to by lovers
+two thousand years ago, appear to you,
+even remotely, to have influenced the love
+rites as performed by the village men and
+maidens of the present day, perhaps you
+may deem this string of quotations worthy
+of a corner in your amusing miscellany.</p>
+
+<p>E.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>LINES</h3>
+
+<h4><i>On the Sarcophagus<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> which contains the remains
+of Nelson in St. Paul's Cathedral.</i></h4>
+
+<h4><i>(For the Mirror.)</i></h4>
+
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>To mark th' excess of priestly pow'r</p>
+<p>To keep in mind that gorgeous hour,</p>
+<p>Thou art no Popish monument,</p>
+<p>Altho' by Wolsey thou wer't sent,</p>
+<p>From thine own native Italy</p>
+<p>To tell where his proud ashes lie.</p>
+<p>To thee a nobler part is given!</p>
+<p>A prouder task design'd by heav'n!</p>
+<p>'Tis thine the sea chief's grave to shroud,</p>
+<p>Idol and wonder of the crowd!</p>
+<p>The bravest heart that ever stood</p>
+<p>The shock of battle on the flood!</p>
+<p>The stoutest arm that ever led</p>
+<p>A warrior o'er the ocean's bed!</p>
+<p>Whose name long dreaded on the sea</p>
+<p>Alone secured the victory!</p>
+<p>His Britain sea-girt stood alone,</p>
+<p>Whilst all the earth was heard to moan,</p>
+<p>Beneath war's iron&mdash;iron rod,</p>
+<p>Trusting in Nelson as her god.&mdash;CYMBELINE.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page131" id="page131"></a>[pg 131]</span>
+<h3>COINAGE OF THE ANCIENT BRITONS.</h3>
+
+<h4><i>(For the Mirror.)</i></h4>
+
+
+<p>In 1749, a considerable number of gold
+coins were discovered on the top of Karnbre,
+in Cornwall, which are clearly proved
+to have belonged to the ancient Britons.
+The figures that were first stamped on the
+coins of all nations were those of oxen,
+horses, sheep, &amp;c. It may, therefore, be
+concluded, that the coins of any country
+which have only the figures of cattle
+stamped on them, and perhaps of trees,
+representing the woods in which their
+cattle pastured,&mdash;were the most ancient
+coins of the country. Some of the gold
+coins found at Karnbre, and described by
+Dr. Borlase, are of this kind, and may be
+justly esteemed the most ancient of our
+British coins. Sovereigns soon became
+aware of the importance of money, and
+took the fabrication of it under their own
+direction, ordering their own heads to be
+impressed on one side of the coins, while
+the figure of some animal still continued
+to be stamped on the other. Of this kind
+are some of the Karnbre coins, with a royal
+head on one side, and a horse on the other.
+When the knowledge and use of letters
+were once introduced into any country, it
+would not be long before they appeared
+on its coins, expressing the names of the
+princes whose heads were stamped on
+them. This was a very great improvement
+in the art of coining, and gave an
+additional value to the money, by preserving
+the memories of princes, and giving
+light to history. Our British ancestors
+were acquainted with this improvement
+before they were subdued by the Romans,
+as several coins of ancient Britain have
+very plain and perfect inscriptions, and
+on that account merit particular attention.</p>
+
+<p>INA.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>ANIMAL FOOD.</h3>
+
+<h4><i>(For the Mirror.)</i></h4>
+
+
+<p>It is generally allowed, that a profusion
+of animal food has a tendency to vitiate
+and debase the nature and dispositions of
+men; notwithstanding, the lovers of flesh
+urge the names of many of the most eminent
+in literature and science, in opposition
+to this assertion.</p>
+
+<p>Plutarch attributed the stupidity of his
+countrymen, the Boeotians, to the profusion
+of animal food which they consumed,
+and even now, our lovely, soup drinking,
+coffee sipping friends on the continent,
+attribute the saturnine, melancholy, and
+bearish dispositions of John Bull, to his
+partiality for,</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"The famous roast-beef of Old England."</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>A facetious, philosophical, friend of
+mine, lately amused me with some remarks,
+on the nature and properties of
+different kinds of food. "We know,"
+said he, "that one herb produces <i>this</i>
+effect, and another <i>that</i>; that different
+species and varieties of plants have different
+virtues; and, why may we not infer
+that the same rule extends to animated
+nature; that our fish, flesh, and fowl, not
+only serve as nutriment, but that each
+kind possesses peculiar and individual
+properties."</p>
+
+<p>This will account for the <i>piggish</i> habits
+and propensities so conspicuous in the inhabitants
+of certain places in England,
+and whose partiality for <i>swine's flesh</i>, is
+proverbial. The <i>sheepish</i> manners of our
+students and school-boys, may also be
+attributed to the <i>mutton</i> so generally alloted
+to them. I might continue my observations,
+<i>ad infinitum</i>. I might say,
+that the <i>wisdom of the goose</i> was discoverable
+in&mdash;whose love of that, "most
+abused of God's creatures," is well
+known: and that the sea-side predilections
+of a certain Bart., of festive notoriety, were
+occasioned by his partiality for turtle.</p>
+
+<p>QUÆSITOR.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>WHITEHALL.</h3>
+
+<h3>MARRIAGE OF ANNE BOLEYN</h3>
+
+<h4><i>(For the Mirror)</i></h4>
+
+
+<p>The extraordinary revolution which took
+place in our religious institutions in the
+time of Henry VIII., has rendered his
+reign one of the most important in the
+annals of ecclesiastical history. For the
+great changes at that glorious æra, the
+reformation, when the clouds of ignorance
+and superstition were dispelled, we are
+principally indebted to the beauteous, but
+unfortunate Anne Boleyn, whose influence
+with the haughty monarch, was the
+chief cause of the abolition of the papal
+supremacy in England; one of the greatest
+blessings ever bestowed by a monarch on
+his country. Intimately associated with,
+and the principal scene of these important
+events, was the ancient palace of
+Whitehall,<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> which Henry, into whose
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page132" id="page132"></a>[pg 132]</span>
+possession it came on the premunire of
+Wolsey, considerably enlarged and beautified,
+changing its name from that of
+York Place, to the one by which it is still
+designated.</p>
+
+<p>In this building, an event, the most important,
+in its consequences, recorded in
+the history of any country, took place,&mdash;the
+marriage of Anne Boleyn, who had been
+created Countess of Pembroke, with the
+"stern Harry." The precise period of
+these nuptials, owing to the secrecy with
+which they were performed, is involved
+in considerable obscurity, and has given
+rise to innumerable controversies among
+historians; the question not being even
+to this hour satisfactorily decided as to
+whether they were solemnized in the
+month of <i>November</i>, 1532, or in that of
+<i>January</i>, 1533. Hall,<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a> Holinshed,<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a> and
+Grafton, whose authority several of our
+more modern historians<a id="footnotetag6" name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a> have followed,
+place it on the 14th of November, 1532,
+the Feast Day of St. Erkenwald; but
+Stow<a id="footnotetag7" name="footnotetag7"></a><a href="#footnote7"><sup>7</sup></a> informs us, that it was celebrated
+on the 25th of January 1533; and his
+assertion bears considerable weight, being
+corroborated by a letter from Archbishop
+Cranmer, dated "the xvij daye of June,"
+1533, from his "manor of Croydon," to
+Hawkyns, the embassador at the emperor's
+court. In this letter the prelate
+says, "she was marid muche about <i>St.
+Paules daye</i> last, as the condicion thereof
+dothe well appere by reason she ys now
+sumwhat bygg with chylde."<a id="footnotetag8" name="footnotetag8"></a><a href="#footnote8"><sup>8</sup></a> This
+statement, coming as it does from so authentic
+a source, and coinciding with the
+accounts of Stow, Wyatt,<a id="footnotetag9" name="footnotetag9"></a><a href="#footnote9"><sup>9</sup></a> and Godwin<a id="footnotetag10" name="footnotetag10"></a><a href="#footnote10"><sup>10</sup></a>
+may, we think, be regarded as the most
+correct. Her marriage was not made
+known until the following Easter, when
+it was publicly proclaimed, and preparations
+made for her coronation, which was
+conducted with extraordinary magnificence
+in Whitsuntide. Her becoming
+pregnant soon after her marriage "gave
+great satisfaction to the king, and was regarded
+by the people as a strong proof of
+the queen's former modesty and virtue."<a id="footnotetag11" name="footnotetag11"></a><a href="#footnote11"><sup>11</sup></a>
+This latter circumstance, however, has
+not met with that consideration among
+historians which it appears to merit; for
+we must remember that Elizabeth was
+born on the 7th of the following September,
+an event, which would perhaps rather
+tend to confirm the opinion of Hall, in
+contradiction to that of Stow, if, indeed,
+Anne had been proof against the advances
+of Henry, previous to their marriage,
+which some writers have doubted.</p>
+
+<p>Lingard, whose History is now in the
+course of publication, intimates that the
+ceremony was performed "in a garret, at
+the western end of the palace of Whitehall;"<a id="footnotetag12" name="footnotetag12"></a><a href="#footnote12"><sup>12</sup></a>
+this, however, when we consider
+the haughty character of Henry, is totally
+improbable, and rests entirely on the authority
+of one solitary manuscript. There
+is no reason, however, to doubt but that
+they were married in some apartment in that
+palace, and most probably in the king's
+private closet.<a id="footnotetag13" name="footnotetag13"></a><a href="#footnote13"><sup>13</sup></a> Dr. Rowland Lee, one
+of the royal chaplains, and afterwards
+Bishop of Coventry officiated, in the presence
+only of the Duke of Norfolk, uncle
+to the Lady Anne, and her father, mother,
+and brother. Lord Herbert,<a id="footnotetag14" name="footnotetag14"></a><a href="#footnote14"><sup>14</sup></a> whose authority
+has been quoted by Hume, says,
+that Cranmer was also present, but this is
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page133" id="page133"></a>[pg 133]</span>
+undoubtedly an error, as that prelate had
+only just then returned from Germany,
+and was not informed of the circumstance
+until two weeks afterwards, as appears
+from the following passage in his letter to
+Hawkyns, before quoted:&mdash;"Yt hath bin
+reported thorowte a greate parte of the
+realme that I married her; which was
+playnly false, for I myself knew not
+thereof a fortenyght after it was donne."</p>
+
+<p>It may not, perhaps, prove uninteresting
+to our readers, or quite irrelevant to
+the subject, to close this brief account of
+the marriage of Anne Boleyn, with the
+copy of a letter from that queen to "Squire
+Josselin, upon ye birth of Q. Elizabth,"
+preserved among the manuscripts in the
+British Museum.<a id="footnotetag15" name="footnotetag15"></a><a href="#footnote15"><sup>15</sup></a></p>
+
+<p>"By the Queen&mdash;Trusty and well
+beloved wee greet you well. And whereas
+it hath pleased ye goodness of Almighty
+God of his infinite mercy and grace to
+send unto vs at this tyme good speed in
+ye deliverance and bringing forth of a
+Princess to ye great joye and inward
+comfort of my lord. Us, and of all his
+good and loving subjects of this his
+realme ffor ye which his inestimable beneuolence
+soe shewed unto vs. We have
+noe little cause to give high thankes,
+laude and praysing unto our said Maker,
+like as we doe most lowly, humbly, and
+wth all ye inward desire of our heart.
+And inasmuch as wee undoubtedly trust
+yt this our good is to you great pleasure,
+comfort, and consolacion; wee therefore
+by these our Lrs aduertise you thereof,
+desiring and heartily praying you to give
+wth vs unto Almighty God, high thankes,
+glory, laud, and praising, and to pray for
+ye good health, prosperity, and continuall
+preservation of ye sd Princess accordingly.
+Yeoven under our Signett at my Lds
+Manner of Greenwch,<a id="footnotetag16" name="footnotetag16"></a><a href="#footnote16"><sup>16</sup></a> ye 7th day of
+September, in ye 25th yeare of my said
+Lds raigne, An. Dno. 1533."</p>
+
+<p>S.I.B.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<h2><b>Memorable Days.</b></h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>COLLOP MONDAY.</h3>
+
+
+<p>Collop Monday is the day before
+Shrove Tuesday, and in many parts is
+made a day of great feasting on account
+of the approaching Lent. It is so called,
+because it was the last day allowed for
+eating animal food before Lent; and our
+ancestors cut up their fresh meat into
+collops, or steaks, for salting or hanging
+up until Lent was over; and even now in
+many places it is still a custom to have
+eggs and collops, or slices of bacon, for
+dinner on this day.</p>
+
+<p>In Westmoreland, and particularly at
+Brough, where I have witnessed it many
+times, the good people kill a great many
+pigs about a week or two previous to
+Lent, which have been carefully fattened
+up for the occasion. The good housewife
+is busily occupied in salting the
+flitches and hams to hang up in the "pantry,"
+and in cutting the fattest parts of
+the pig for collops on this day. The
+most luscious cuts are baked in a pot in
+an oven, and the fat poured out into a
+bladder, as it runs out of the meat, for
+hog's-lard. When all the lard has been
+drained off, the remains (which are called
+<i>cracklings</i>, being then baked quite crisp)
+resemble the crackling on a leg of pork,
+are eaten with potatoes, and from the
+quantity of salt previously added to them,
+to preserve the lard, are unpalatable to
+many mouths. The rough farmers' men,
+however, devour them as a savoury dish,
+and every time "lard" is being made,
+<i>cracklings</i> are served up for the servants'
+dinner. Indeed, even the more respectable
+classes partake of this dish.</p>
+
+<p>PIG-FRY&mdash;This is a Collop Monday
+dish, and is a necessary appendage to
+"<i>cracklings</i>." It consists of the fattest
+parts of the entrails of the pig, broiled in
+an oven. Numerous herbs, spices, &amp;c.
+are added to it; and upon the whole, it is
+a more sightly "<i>course</i>" at table than fat
+cracklings. Sometimes the good wife indulges
+her house with a pancake, as an
+assurance that she has not forgotten to
+provide for Shrove Tuesday. The servants
+are also treated with "a drop of
+something good" on this occasion; and
+are allowed (if they have nothing of importance
+to require their immediate attention)
+to spend the afternoon in conviviality.</p>
+
+<p>AVVER BREAD.&mdash;During Lent, in
+the same county, a great quantity of
+bread, called avver bread, is made. It
+is of <i>oats</i>, leavened and kneaded into a
+large, thin, round cake, which is placed
+upon a "<i>girdle</i>"<a id="footnotetag17" name="footnotetag17"></a><a href="#footnote17"><sup>17</sup></a> over the fire. The
+bread is about the thickness of a "lady's"
+slice of bread and butter.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page134" id="page134"></a>[pg 134]</span>
+I am totally unable to give a definition
+of the word <i>avver</i>, and should feel
+much gratified by any correspondent's
+elucidation. I think <i>P.T.W</i>. may possibly
+assist me on this point; and if so, I
+shall be much obliged. There is an evident
+corruption in it. I have sometimes
+thought that avver means oaten, although
+I have no other authority than from knowing
+the strange pronunciation given to
+other words.</p>
+
+<p>W.H.H.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+<h2><b>The Contemporary Traveller.</b></h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>DESCRIPTION OF MEKKA.</h3>
+
+
+<p>Mekka maybe styled a handsome town;
+its streets are in general broader than
+those of eastern cities; the houses lofty,
+and built of stone; and the numerous
+windows that face the streets give them a
+more lively and European aspect than
+those of Egypt or Syria, where the houses
+present but few windows towards the exterior.
+Mekka (like Djidda) contains
+many houses three stories high; few at
+Mekka are white-washed; but the dark
+grey colour of the stone is much preferable
+to the glaring white that offends the
+eye in Djidda. In most towns of the
+Levant the narrowness of a street contributes
+to its coolness; and in countries
+where wheel-carriages are not used, a
+space that allows two loaded camels to
+pass each other is deemed sufficient. At
+Mekka, however, it was necessary to
+leave the passages wide, for the innumerable
+visiters who here crowd together;
+and it is in the houses adapted for the reception
+of pilgrims and other sojourners,
+that the windows are so contrived as to
+command a view of the streets.</p>
+
+<p>The city is open on every side; but
+the neighbouring mountains, if properly
+defended, would form a barrier of considerable
+strength against an enemy. In
+former times it had three walls to protect
+its extremities; one was built across the
+valley, at the street of Mala; another at
+the quarter of Shebeyka; and the third at
+the valley opening into the Mesfale.
+These walls were repaired in A.H. 816
+and 828, and in a century after some
+traces of them still remained.</p>
+
+<p>The only public place in the body of
+the town is the ample square of the great
+mosque; no trees or gardens cheer the
+eye; and the scene is enlivened only during
+the Hadj by the great number of
+well stored shops which are found in
+every quarter. Except four or five large
+houses belonging to the Sherif, two <i>medreses</i>
+or colleges (now converted into
+corn magazines,) and the mosque, with
+some buildings and schools attached to it,
+Mekka cannot boast of any public edifices,
+and in this respect is, perhaps,
+more deficient than any other eastern city
+of the same size. Neither khans, for the
+accommodation of travellers, or for the
+deposit of merchandize, nor palaces of
+grandees, nor mosques, which adorn
+every quarter of other towns in the East,
+are here to be seen; and we may perhaps
+attribute this want of splendid buildings
+to the veneration which its inhabitants
+entertain for their temple; this prevents
+them from constructing any edifice which
+might possibly pretend to rival it.</p>
+
+<p>The houses have windows looking towards
+the street; of these many project
+from the wall, and have their frame-work
+elaborately carved, or gaudily painted.
+Before them hang blinds made of slight
+reeds, which exclude flies and gnats while
+they admit fresh air. Every house has
+its terrace, the floor of which (composed
+of a preparation from lime-stone) is built
+with a slight inclination, so that the rain-water
+runs off through gutters into the
+street; for the rains here are so irregular
+that it is not worth while to collect the
+water of them in cisterns, as is done in
+Syria. The terraces are concealed from
+view by slight parapet walls; for throughout
+the east, it is reckoned discreditable
+that a man should appear upon the terrace,
+whence he might be accused of
+looking at women in the neighbouring
+houses, as the females pass much of their
+time on the terraces, employed in various
+domestic occupations, such as drying
+corn, hanging up linen, &amp;c. The Europeans
+of Aleppo alone enjoy the privilege
+of frequenting their terraces, which
+are often beautifully built of stone; here
+they resort during the summer evenings,
+and often to sup and pass the night. All
+the houses of the Mekkawys, except
+those of the principal and richest inhabitants,
+are constructed for the accommodation
+of lodgers, being divided into
+many apartments, separated from each
+other, and each consisting of a sitting-room
+and a small kitchen. Since the pilgrimage,
+which has begun to decline,
+(this happened before the Wahaby conquest,)
+many of the Mekkawys, no longer
+deriving profit from the letting of their
+lodgings, found themselves unable to afford
+the expense of repairs; and thus
+numerous buildings in the out-skirts
+have fallen completely into ruin, and the
+town itself exhibits in every street houses
+rapidly decaying. I saw only one of recent
+construction; it was in the quarter
+of El Shebeyka, belonged to a Sherif,
+and cost, as report said, one hundred and
+fifty purses; such a house might have
+been built at Cairo for sixty purses.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page135" id="page135"></a>[pg 135]</span>
+The streets are all unpaved; and in
+summer time the sand and dust in them
+are as great a nuisance as the mud is in
+the rainy season, during which they are
+scarcely passable after a shower; for in
+the interior of the town the water does
+not run off, but remains till it is dried up.
+It may be ascribed to the destructive
+rains, which, though of shorter duration
+than in other tropical countries, fall with
+considerable violence, that no ancient
+buildings are found in Mekka. The
+mosque itself has undergone so many repairs
+under different sultans, that it may
+be called a modern structure; and of the
+houses, I do not think there exists one
+older than four centuries; it is not, therefore,
+in this place, that the traveller
+must look for interesting specimens of
+architecture or such beautiful remains of
+Saracenic structures as are still admired
+in Syria, Egypt, Barbary, and Spain.
+In this respect the ancient and far-famed
+Mekka is surpassed by the smallest provincial
+towns of Syria or Egypt. The
+same may be said with respect to Medina,
+and I suspect that the towns of Yemen
+are generally poor in architectural remains.</p>
+
+<p>Mekka is deficient in those regulations
+of police which are customary in Eastern
+cities. The streets are totally dark at
+night, no lamps of any kind being lighted;
+its different quarters are without
+gates, differing in this respect also from
+most Eastern towns, where each quarter
+is regularly shut up after the last evening
+prayers. The town may therefore be
+crossed at any time of the night, and the
+same attention is not paid here to the security
+of merchants, as well as of husbands,
+(on whose account principally,
+the quarters are closed,) as in Syrian or
+Egyptian towns of equal magnitude. The
+dirt and sweepings of the houses are cast
+into the streets, where they soon become
+dust or mud according to the season.
+The same custom seems to have prevailed
+equally in ancient times; for I did not
+perceive in the skirts of the town any of
+those heaps of rubbish which are usually
+found near the large towns of Turkey.</p>
+
+<p>With respect to water, the most important
+of all supplies, and that which
+always forms the first object of inquiry
+among Asiatics, Mekka is not much better
+provided than Djidda; there are but
+few cisterns for collecting rain, and the
+well-water is so brackish that it is used
+only for culinary purposes, except during
+the time of the pilgrimage, when the
+lowest class of hadjys drink it. The famous
+well of Zemzem, in the great
+mosque, is indeed sufficiently copious to
+supply the whole town; but, however
+holy, its water is heavy to the taste and
+impedes digestion; the poorer classes besides
+have not permission to fill their
+water-skins with it at pleasure. The
+best water in Mekka is brought by a conduit
+from the vicinity of Arafat, six or
+seven hours distant. The present government,
+instead of constructing similar
+works, neglects even the repairs and
+requisite cleansing of this aqueduct. It
+is wholly built of stone; and all those
+parts of it which appear above ground,
+are covered with a thick layer of stone
+and cement. I heard that it had not
+been cleaned during the last fifty years;
+the consequence of this negligence is,
+that the most of the water is lost in its
+passage to the city through apertures, or
+slowly forces its way through the obstructing
+sediment, though it flows in a
+full stream into the head of the aqueduct
+at Arafat. The supply which it affords
+in ordinary times is barely sufficient for
+the use of the inhabitants, and during
+the pilgrimage sweet water becomes an
+absolute scarcity; a small skin of water
+(two of which skins a person may carry)
+being then often sold for one shilling&mdash;a
+very high price among Arabs.</p>
+
+<p>There are two places in the interior
+of Mekka where the aqueduct runs
+above ground; there the water is let off
+into small channels or fountains, at which
+some slaves of the Sherif are stationed,
+to exact a toll from persons filling their
+water-skins. In the time of the Hadj,
+these fountains are surrounded day and
+night by crowds of people quarrelling and
+fighting for access to the water. During
+the late siege, the Wahabys cut off the
+supply of water from the aqueduct; and
+it was not till some time after, that the
+injury which this structure then received,
+was partially repaired.</p>
+
+<p>There is a small spring which oozes
+from under the rocks behind the great palace
+of the Sherif, called Beit el Sad; it
+is said to afford the best water in this
+country, but the supply is very scanty.
+The spring is enclosed, and appropriated
+wholly to the Sherif's family.</p>
+
+<p>Beggars, and infirm or indigent hadjys,
+often entreat the passengers in the streets
+of Mekka for a draught of sweet water;
+they particularly surround the water-stands,
+which are seen in every corner,
+and where, for two paras in the time of
+the Hadj, and for one para, at other
+times, as much water may be obtained
+as will fill a jar.&mdash;<i>Burckhardt's Travels
+in Arabia</i>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page136" id="page136"></a>[pg 136]</span>
+<h2><b>The Naturalist.</b></h2>
+
+<div class="figure" style="width:100%;"><a href="images/358-2.png"><img width="100%" src="images/358-2.png" alt="FLAKES OF SNOW MAGNIFIED." /></a> FLAKES OF SNOW MAGNIFIED.</div>
+
+<h3>FLAKES OF SNOW MAGNIFIED.</h3>
+
+<p>Snow is one of the treasures of the atmosphere.
+Its wonderful construction,
+and the beautiful regularity of its figures,
+have been the object of a treatise by
+Erasmus Bartholine, who published in
+1661, "<i>De Figurâ Nivis Dissertatio</i>,"
+with observations of his brother Thomas
+on the use of snow in medicine. On examining
+the flakes of snow with a magnifying
+glass before they melt, (which
+may easily be done by making the experiment
+in the open air,) they will appear composed
+of fine shining spicula or points,
+diverging like rays from a centre. As the
+flakes fall down through the atmosphere,
+they are joined by more of these radiated
+spicula, and thus increase in bulk like
+the drops of rain or hail-stones. Dr.
+Green says, "that many parts of snow
+are of a regular figure, for the most part
+so many little rowels or stars of six points,
+and are as perfect and transparent ice as
+any seen on a pond. Upon each of these
+points are other collateral points set at
+the same angles as the main points themselves;
+among these there are divers others,
+irregular, which are chiefly broken points
+and fragments of the regular ones. Others
+also, by various winds, seem to have been
+thawed and frozen again into irregular
+clusters; so that it seems as if the whole
+body of snow was an infinite mass of icicles
+irregularly figured. That is, a cloud
+of vapours being gathered into drops,
+those drops forthwith descend, and in their
+descent, meeting with a freezing air as
+they pass through a colder region, each
+drop is immediately frozen into an icicle,
+shooting itself forth into several points;
+but these still continuing their descent,
+and meeting with some intermitting gales
+of warmer air, or, in their continual waftage
+to and fro, touching upon each other
+are a little thawed, blunted, and frozen
+into clusters, or entangled so as to fall
+down in what we call flakes." But we
+are not, (says the author of the "Contemplative
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page137" id="page137"></a>[pg 137]</span>
+Philosopher,") to consider snow
+merely as a curious phenomenon. The
+Great Disposer of universal bounty has
+so ordered it, that it is eminently subservient,
+as well as all the works of creation,
+to his benevolent designs.</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"He gives the winter's snow her airy birth,</p>
+<p>And bids her virgin fleeces clothe the earth."</p>
+<p class="i10">                               SANDYS.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>P.T.W.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>MONKEYS AT GIBRALTAR.</h3>
+
+
+<p>Though Gibraltar abounds with monkeys,
+there are none to be found in the
+rest of Spain; this is supposed to be occasioned
+by the following circumstance;&mdash;The
+waters of the Propontis, which
+anciently might be nothing but a lake
+formed by the Granicus and Rhyndacus,
+finding it more easy to work themselves a
+canal by the Dardanelles than any other
+way, spread into the Mediterranean, and
+forcing a passage into the ocean between
+Mount Atlas and Calpe, separated the
+rock from the coast of Africa; and the
+monkeys being taken by surprise, were
+compelled to be carried with it over to
+Europe, "These animals," says a resident
+at Gibraltar, "are now in high
+favour here. The lieutenant-governor,
+General Don, has taken them under his
+protection, and threatened with fine and
+imprisonment any one who shall in any
+way molest them. They have increased
+rapidly, of course. Many of them are as
+large as our dogs; and some of the old
+grandfathers and great-grandfathers are
+considerably larger. I had the good fortune
+to fall in with a family of about ten,
+and had an opportunity of watching for a
+time their motions. There appeared to
+be a father and mother, four or five
+grown-up children, and three that had
+not reached the years of discretion. One
+of them was still at the breast; and although
+he was large enough to be weaned,
+and indeed made his escape as rapidly as
+the mother when they took the alarm, it
+was quite impossible to restrain laughter
+when one saw the mother, with great gravity,
+sitting nursing the little elf, with
+her hand behind it, and the older children
+skipping up and down the walls, and
+playing all sorts of antic tricks with one
+another. They made their escape with
+the utmost rapidity, leaping over rocks
+and precipices with great agility, and evidently
+unconscious of fear."</p>
+
+<p>W.G.C.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+<h2><b>The Selector,</b></h2>
+
+<h2>AND</h2>
+
+<h2>LITERARY NOTICES OF</h2>
+
+<h2><i>NEW WORKS</i></h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>THE GREAT WORLD OF FASHION.</h3>
+
+
+<p>Satire is the pantomime of literature,
+and harlequin's jacket, his black vizor,
+and his eel-like lubricity, are so many
+harmless satires on the weak sides of our
+nature. The pen of the satirist is as effective
+as the pencil of the artist; and
+provided it draw well, cannot fail to prove
+as attractive. Indeed, the characters of
+pantomime, harlequin, columbine, clown,
+and pantaloon, make up the best <i>quarto</i>
+that has ever appeared on the manners
+and follies of the times; and they may
+be turned to as grave an account as any
+page of Seneca's Morals, or Cicero's Disputations;
+however various the means,
+the end, or object, is the same, and all is
+rounded with a sleep.</p>
+
+<p>"The Great World," in the language
+of satire, is the "glass of fashion and
+the mould of form." Its geography and
+history are as perpetually changing as the
+modes of St. James's, or the features of
+one of its toasted beauties; and what is
+written of it to-day may be dry, and its
+time be out of joint, before it has escaped
+the murky precincts of the printing-house.
+It is subtlety itself, and we know
+not "whence it cometh, and whither it
+goeth." Its philosophy is concentric, for
+this Great World consists of thousands of
+little worlds, <i>usque ad infinitum</i>, and we
+do well if we become not giddy with
+looking on the wheels of its vicissitudes.</p>
+
+<p>We know not whom we have to thank
+for the pamphlet of sixty pages&mdash;entitled
+"A Geographical and Historical Account
+of the Great World"&mdash;now before
+us. It bears the imprint of "Ridgway,
+Piccadilly," so that it is published at the
+gate of the very region it describes&mdash;like
+the accounts of <i>Pere la Chaise</i>, sold at
+its <i>concierge</i>. Annexed is a Map of the
+Great World&mdash;but the author has not
+"attempted to lay down the longitude;
+the only measurements hitherto made being
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page138" id="page138"></a>[pg 138]</span>
+confined to the west of the meridian
+of St. James's Strait." Then the author
+tells us of the atomic hypothesis of the
+formation of the Great World. "These
+rules, for the performance of what appears
+to be an atomic quadrille, are furnished
+by Sir H. Davy, elected by the Great
+World, master of the ceremonies for the
+preservation of order, and prescribing
+rules for the regulation of the Universe."
+"The surface of the Great World, or
+rather its crust, has been ascertained to be
+exceedingly shallow."</p>
+
+<p>The inhabitants of the Great World,
+in its diurnal rotation, receive no light
+from the sun till a few hours before the
+time of its setting with us, when it also
+sets with them, so that they are inconvenienced
+for a short time only, by its
+light. In its annual orbit, it has but one
+season, which, though called Spring, is
+subject to the most sudden alternations of
+heat and cold. The females have a singular
+method of protecting themselves
+from the baneful effects of these violent
+changes, which is worthy of notice:&mdash;they
+wrap themselves up, during the
+short time the sun shines, in pelisses,
+shawls, and cloaks, their heads being protected
+by hats, whose umbrageous brims
+so far exceed in dimensions the little umbrellas
+raised above them, that a stranger
+is at a loss to conjecture the use of the
+latter. Shortly after the sun has set,
+these habiliments are all thrown off,
+dresses of gossamer are substituted in
+their place, and the fair wearers rush out
+into the open air, to enjoy the cool night
+breezes.</p>
+
+<p>This is but the "Companion to the
+Map." The Voyage to the several Islands
+of the Great World, "is in a frame-work
+of the adventures of Sir Heedless
+Headlong, who neither reaches the Great
+World by a balloon, nor Perkins's steam-gun.
+He cruises about St. James's
+Straits, makes for Idler's Harbour, in
+Alba; is repulsed, but with a friend,
+Jack Rashleigh, journeys to Society Island,
+lands at Small Talk Bay, and makes
+for the capital, Flirtington. He first visits
+a general assembly of the leaders
+of the isle. At the house of assembly
+the rush of charioteers was so great,
+that it is impossible to say what might
+have been the consequence of the general
+confusion, or how many lives might
+have been lost, but for the interference
+of a little man in a flaxen wig, and broad-brimmed
+hat, with a cane in his hand, whose
+authority is said to extend equally over
+ladies and pickpockets of all degrees."<a id="footnotetag18" name="footnotetag18"></a><a href="#footnote18"><sup>18</sup></a>
+Then comes an exquisite bit of badinage
+on that most stupid of all stupidities, a
+fashionable rout.</p>
+
+<p>"On entering the walls, my surprise
+may be partly conceived, at finding those
+persons, whom I had seen so eagerly
+striving to gain admittance, crowded together
+in a capacious vapour bath, heated
+to so high a temperature, that had I not
+been aware of the strict prohibition of
+science, I should have imagined the meeting
+to have been held for the purpose of
+ascertaining, by experiment, the greatest
+degree of heat which the human frame is
+capable of supporting. That they should
+choose such a place for their deliberations
+upon the welfare of the island, appeared
+to me extraordinary, and only to be accounted
+for upon the supposition that it
+was intended to carry off, by evaporation,
+that internal heat to which the assemblies
+of legislators of some other countries are
+known to be subject. Judging from the
+grave and melancholy countenances of the
+persons assembled, I councluded the affairs
+of the island to be in a very disasterous
+state; and I could discover very
+little either said or done, at all calculated
+to advance its interests. Of the capital
+itself, some members said a few words;
+but, to use the language of our Globe, in
+so inaudible a tone of voice, that we could
+scarcely catch their import. The principal
+subject of their discussion consisted
+of complaining of the extreme heat of the
+bath, and mutual inquiries respecting
+their intention of immersing themselves
+in any others that were open the same
+night."</p>
+
+<p>He next satirizes a fashionable dinner,
+the parks, the Horticultural Society, some
+pleasant jokes upon a rosy mother and
+her parsnip-pale daughters, and an admirable
+piece of fun upon the female oligarchy
+of Almacks.</p>
+
+<p>"From hence I made a trip to Crocky's
+Island, situated on the opposite side of
+the Strait. On landing at Hellgate, within
+Fools' Inlet my surprise was much excited
+by the prodigious flocks of gulls,
+pigeons, and geese, which were directing
+their flight towards the Great Fish Lake,
+whither I, too, was making my way. I
+concluded their object was to procure
+food, of which a profusion was here
+spread before them, consisting of every
+thing which such birds most delight to
+peck at; but no sooner had they settled
+near the bank, than they were seized upon
+by a Fisherman, (who was lying in wait
+for them,) and completely plucked of
+their feathers, an operation to which they
+very quietly submitted, and were then
+suffered to depart. Upon inquiring his
+motive for what appeared to me a wanton
+act of cruelty, he told me his intention
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page139" id="page139"></a>[pg 139]</span>
+was to stuff his bed with the feathers;
+'or,' added he, 'if you <i>vill</i>, to feather
+my nest.' Being myself an admirer of
+a soft bed, I saw no reason why I should
+not employ myself in the same way; but
+owing, perhaps, to my being a novice in
+the art, and not knowing how to manage
+the birds properly, they were but little
+disposed to submit themselves to my
+hands; and, in the attempt, I found myself
+so completely covered with feathers,
+that which of the three descriptions of
+birds aforesaid I most resembled, it would
+have been difficult to determine. The
+fisherman, seeing my situation, was proceeding
+to add to the stock of feathers
+which he had collected in a great bag, by
+plucking those from my person, when,
+wishing to save him any further trouble,
+I hurried back to Hellgate."</p>
+
+<p>We cannot accompany Sir Heedless
+any further; but must conclude with a
+few piquancies from the <i>Vocabulary of
+the Language of the Great World</i>, which
+is as necessary to the enjoyment of fashionable
+life, as is a glossary to an elementary
+scientific treatise:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><i>At Home.</i>&mdash;Making your house as unlike
+home as possible, by turning every
+thing topsy-turvy, removing your furniture,
+and squeezing as many people into
+your rooms as can be compressed together.</p>
+
+<p><i>Not at Home.</i>&mdash;Sitting in your own
+room, engaged in reading a new novel,
+writing notes, or other important business.</p>
+
+<p><i>Affection.</i>&mdash;A painful sensation, such
+as gout, rheumatism, cramp, head-ache,
+&amp;c.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mourning.</i>&mdash;An outward covering of
+black, put on by the relatives of any deceased
+person of consequence, or by persons
+succeeding to a large fortune, as an
+emblem of their grief upon so melancholy
+an event.</p>
+
+<p><i>Morning.</i>&mdash;The time corresponding to
+that between our noon and sun-set.</p>
+
+<p><i>Evening.</i>&mdash;The time between our sun-set
+and sun-rise.</p>
+
+<p><i>Night.</i>&mdash;-The time between our sun-rise
+and noon.</p>
+
+<p><i>Domestic.</i>&mdash;An epithet applied to cats,
+dogs, and other tame animals, keeping at
+home.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reflection.</i>&mdash;The person viewed in a
+looking-glass.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tenderness.</i>&mdash;A property belonging to
+meat long kept.</p>
+
+<p><i>An Undress.</i>&mdash;A thick covering of
+garments.</p>
+
+<p><i>A Treasure.</i>&mdash;A lady's maid, skilful
+in the mysteries of building up heads,
+and pulling down characters; ingenious
+in the construction of caps, capes, and
+scandal, and judicious in the application
+of paint and flattery; also, a footman,
+who knows, at a single glance, what visiters
+to admit to the presence of his mistress,
+and whom to refuse.</p>
+
+<p><i>Immortality</i>.&mdash;An imaginary privilege
+of living for ever, conferred upon heroes,
+poets, and patriots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Taste</i>.&mdash;The art of discerning the precise
+shades of difference constituting a bad
+or well dressed man, woman, or dinner.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tact</i>.&mdash;The art of wheedling a rich old
+relation, winning an heiress, or dismissing
+duns with the payment of fair promises.</p>
+
+<p><i>Album</i>.&mdash;A ledger kept by ladies for
+the entry of compliments, in rhyme, paid
+<i>on demand</i> to their beautiful hair, complexions
+fair, the dimpled chin, the smiles
+that win, the ruby lips, where the bee
+sips, &amp;c. &amp;c.; the whole amount being
+transferred to their private account from
+the public stock.</p>
+
+<p><i>Resignation</i>.&mdash;Giving up a place.</p>
+
+<p><i>A Heathen</i>.&mdash;An infidel to the tenets
+of ton, a Goth; a monster; a vulgar
+wretch. One who eats twice of soup,
+swills beer, <i>takes</i> wine, knows nothing
+about ennui, dyspepsia, or peristaltic persuaders,
+and does not play ecarté; a
+creature&mdash;nobody.</p>
+
+<p><i>Vice</i>.&mdash;An instrument made use of by
+ladies in <i>netting</i> for the purpose of securing
+their work.</p>
+
+<p><i>A Martyr</i>.&mdash;A gentleman subject to
+the gout.</p>
+
+<p><i>Temperate</i>.&mdash;&mdash;Quiet, an epithet applied
+only to horses.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bore</i>.&mdash;A country acquaintance, or relation,
+a leg of mutton, a hackney-coach,
+&amp;c., children, or a family party.</p>
+
+<p><i>Love</i>.&mdash;Admiration of a large fortune.</p>
+
+<p><i>Courage</i>.&mdash;Shooting a fellow creature,
+perhaps a friend, from the fear of being
+thought a coward.</p>
+
+<p><i>Christmas</i>.&mdash;That time of year when
+tradesmen, and boys from school, become
+troublesome.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+<h2><b>OLD POETS.</b></h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>A KISS.</h3>
+
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>Best charge and bravest retreat in Cupid's fight,</p>
+<p>A double key which opens to the heart,</p>
+<p>Most rich, when most his riches it impart,</p>
+<p>Nest of young joys, schoolmaster of delight,</p>
+<p>Teaching the mean at once to take and give,</p>
+<p>The friendly stay, where blows both wound and heal,</p>
+<p>The petty death where each in other live,</p>
+<p>Poor hope's first wealth, hostage of promise weak,</p>
+<p>Breakfast of love.</p>
+<p class="i10">                SIR P. SYDNEY.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>SIGHT.</h3>
+
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>&mdash;&mdash;-Nine things to sight required are</p>
+<p class="i2">The power to see, the light, the visible thing:</p>
+<p>Being not too small, too thin, too nigh, too far,</p>
+<p class="i2">Clear space, and time the form distinct to bring.</p>
+<p class="i10">                         J. DAVIES.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page140" id="page140"></a>[pg 140]</span>
+<h3>MERCY AND JUSTICE.</h3>
+
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>Oh who shall show the countenance and gestures</p>
+<p>Of Mercy and Justice; which fair sacred sisters,</p>
+<p>With equal poise doth ever balance even,</p>
+<p>The unchanging projects of the King of heaven.</p>
+<p>The one stern of look, the other mild aspecting,</p>
+<p>The one pleas'd with tears, the other blood affecting;</p>
+<p>The one bears the sword of vengeance unrelenting</p>
+<p>The other brings pardon for the true repenting.</p>
+<p class="i10">                      J. SYLVESTER</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>I know that countenance cannot lie</p>
+<p>Whose thoughts are legible in the eye.</p>
+<p class="i10">                      M. ROYDON.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>INGRATITUDE.</h3>
+
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>Unthankfulness is that great sin,</p>
+<p class="i2">Which made the devil and his angels fall:</p>
+<p>Lost him and them the joys that they were in,</p>
+<p class="i2">And now in hell detains them bound in thrall.</p>
+<p class="i10">                  SIR J. HARRINGTON.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>Thou hateful monster base ingratitude,</p>
+<p class="i2">Soul's mortal poison, deadly killing-wound,</p>
+<p>Deceitful serpent seeking to delude,</p>
+<p class="i2">Black loathsome ditch, where all desert is drown'd;</p>
+<p>Vile pestilence, which all things dost confound.</p>
+<p>At first created to no other end,</p>
+<p>But to grieve those, whom nothing could offend.</p>
+<p class="i10">                      M. DRAYTON.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>HEAVEN.</h3>
+
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>From hence with grace and goodness compass'd round,</p>
+<p class="i2">God ruleth, blesseth, keepeth all he wrought,</p>
+<p>Above the air, the fire, the sea and ground</p>
+<p class="i2">Our sense, our wit, our reason and our thought;</p>
+<p>Where persons three, with power and glory crown'd,</p>
+<p class="i2">Are all one God, who made all things of naught.</p>
+<p class="i4">Under whose feet, subjected to his grace</p>
+<p class="i4">Sit nature, fortune, motion, time and place.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>This is the place from whence like smoke and dust</p>
+<p class="i2">Of this frail world, the wealth, the pomp, the power,</p>
+<p>He tosseth, humbleth, turneth as he lust,</p>
+<p class="i2">And guides our life, our end, our death and hour,</p>
+<p>No eye (however virtuous, pure and just)</p>
+<p class="i2">Can view the brightness of that glorious bower,</p>
+<p class="i4">On every side the blessed spirits be</p>
+<p class="i4">Equal in joys though differing in degree.</p>
+<p class="i10">                           E. FAIRFAX.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>MARRIAGE.</h3>
+
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>In choice of wife prefer the modest chaste,</p>
+<p class="i2">Lilies are fair in show, but foul in smell,</p>
+<p>The sweetest looks by age are soon defaced,</p>
+<p class="i2">Then choose thy wife by wit and loving well.</p>
+<p>Who brings thee wealth, and many faults withal,</p>
+<p>Presents thee honey mix'd with bitter gall.</p>
+<p class="i10">                           D. LODGE.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>PRIDE.</h3>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>Pride is the root of ill in every state,</p>
+<p>The source of sin, the very fiend's fee:</p>
+<p>The bead of hell, the bough, the branch, the tree;</p>
+<p>From which do spring and sprout such fleshly seeds,</p>
+<p>As nothing else but moans and mischief breeds.</p>
+<p class="i10">                         G. GASCOIGNE.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+<h2><b>SPIRIT OF THE</b></h2>
+<h2><b>Public Journals.</b></h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>NOTES FROM THE LONDON REVIEW,</h3>
+
+<h3>NO. 1.</h3>
+
+<h3>ANCIENT AND MODERN LUXURIES.</h3>
+
+
+<p>As a learned doctor, a passionate admirer
+of the Nicotian plant, was not long since
+regaling himself with a pinch of snuff, in
+the study of an old college friend, his
+classical recollections suddenly mixed
+with his present sensation, and suggested
+the following question:&mdash;"If a Greek or
+a Roman were to rise from the grave, how
+would you explain to him the three successive
+enjoyments which we have had
+to-day after dinner,&mdash;tea, coffee, and snuff?
+By what perception or sensation familiar
+to them, would you account for the modern
+use of the three vulgar elements,
+which we see notified on every huckster's
+stall?&mdash;or paint the more refined beatitude
+of a young barrister comfortably
+niched in one of our London divans, concentrating
+his ruminations over a new
+Quarterly, by the aid of a highly-flavoured
+Havannah?" The doctor's friend, whose
+ingenuity is not easily taken at fault, answered,
+"By friction, which was performed
+so consummately in their baths.
+It is no new propensity of animal nature,
+to find pleasure from the combination of
+a <i>stimulant</i>, and a <i>sedative</i>. The ancients
+chafed their skins, and we chafe our stomachs,
+exactly for that same double purpose
+of excitement and repose (let physiologists
+explain their union) which these
+vegetable substances procure now so extensively
+to mankind. In a word, I would
+tell the ancient Greeks or Romans, that
+the dealer in tea, coffee, tobacco, and
+snuff, is to us what the experienced practioner
+of the <i>strigil</i> was to them; with
+this difference, however, that while we
+spare our skins, our stomachs are in danger
+of being tanned into leather."</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>THE STAGE.</h3>
+
+
+<p>We may compare <i>tragedy</i> to a martyrdom
+by one of the old masters; which,
+whatever be its merit, represents persons,
+emotions, and events so remote from the
+experience of the spectator, that he feels
+the grounds of his approbation and blame
+to be in a great measure conjectural. The
+<i>romance</i>, such as we generally have seen
+it, resembles a Gothic window-piece, where
+monarchs and bishops exhibit the symbols
+of their dignity, and saints hold out
+their palm branches, and grotesque monsters
+in blue and gold pursue one another
+through the intricacies of a never-ending
+scroll, splendid in colouring, but childish
+in composition, and imitating nothing in
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page141" id="page141"></a>[pg 141]</span>
+nature but a mass of drapery and jewels
+thrown over the commonest outlines of
+the human figure. The works of the
+<i>comedian</i>, in their least interesting forms,
+are Dutch paintings and caricatures: in
+their best, they are like Wilkie's earlier
+pictures, accurate imitations of pleasing,
+but familiar objects&mdash;admirable as works
+of art, but addressed rather to the judgment
+than to the imagination.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>ENGLISH WOMEN.</h3>
+
+
+<p>Nothing could be more easy than to
+prove, in the reflected light of our literature,
+that from the period of our Revolution
+to the present time, the education of
+women has improved among us, as much,
+at least, as that of men. Unquestionably
+that advancement has been greater within
+the last fifty years, than during any previous
+period of equal length; and it may
+even be doubted whether the modern rage
+of our fair countrywomen for universal
+acquirement has not already been carried
+to a height injurious to the attainment of
+excellence in the more important branches
+of literary information.</p>
+
+<p>But in every age since that of Charles
+II, Englishwomen have been better educated
+than their mothers. For much of
+this progress we are indebted to Addison.
+Since the Spectator set the example, a
+great part of our lighter literature, unlike
+that of the preceding age, has been addressed
+to the sexes in common: whatever
+language could shock the ear of
+woman, whatever sentiment could sully
+her purity of thought, has been gradually
+expunged from the far greater and better
+portion of our works of imagination and
+taste; and it is this growing refinement
+and delicacy of expression, throughout the
+last century, which prove, as much as
+any thing, the increasing number of female
+readers, and the increasing homage
+which has been paid to the better feelings
+of their sex.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<p>Mr. Lee, the high-constable of Westminster,
+in the <i>Police Report</i>, says, "I
+have known the time when I have seen
+the regular thieves watching Drummonds'
+house, looking out for persons coming
+out: and the widening of the pavement
+of the streets has, I think, done a great
+deal of good. With respect to pick-pocketing,
+there is not a chance of their
+doing now as they used to do. If a man
+attempts to pick a pocket, it is ten to one
+if he is not seen, which was not the case
+formerly."</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>CRIME IN PARIS.</h3>
+
+
+<p>Vidocq, in his Memoires, relates, that
+in 1817, with twelve agents or subordinate
+officers, he effected in Paris the number
+of arrests which he thus enumerates:&mdash;</p>
+
+<pre>
+Assassins or murderers                       15
+Robbers or burglars                           5
+Ditto with false keys                       108
+Ditto in furnished houses                    12
+Highwaymen                                  126
+Pickpockets and cutpurses                    73
+Shoplifters                                  17
+Receivers of stolen property                 38
+Fugitives from the prisons                   14
+Tried galley-slaves, having left their exile 43
+Forgers, cheats, swindlers, &amp;c.              46
+Vagabonds, robbers returned to Paris        229
+By mandates from his excellency              46
+Captures and seizures of stolen property     39
+                                             &mdash;&mdash;
+                                            811</pre>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>WITNESSES.</h3>
+
+
+<p>The protracted proceedings of our criminal
+courts are productive of one serious
+evil, which we have never seen noticed.
+Domestic servants, and others who appear
+as witnesses, must frequently wait, day
+after day, in the court-yard and avenues,
+or in the adjacent public-houses, until the
+cases on which they have been subpoenaed
+are called for trial. During these intervals
+they converse and become acquainted
+with others in attendance, a large proportion
+of whom are generally friends or associates
+of the prisoners. It is thus that
+the most dangerous intimacies have been
+formed; and many instances have occurred
+where servants, who have been seen
+in the courts as witnesses for a prosecution,
+have soon afterwards appeared there
+as prisoners.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>YOU'LL COME TO OUR BALL.</h3>
+
+
+<p>"Comment! c'est lui?&mdash;que je le regarde encore!&mdash;c'est
+que vraiment il est bien changé;
+n'est pas, mon papa?"&mdash;<i>Les premiers Amours</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>You'll come to our Ball&mdash;since we parted,</p>
+<p class="i2">I've thought of you, more than I'll say;</p>
+<p>Indeed, I was half broken-hearted,</p>
+<p class="i2">For a week, when they took you away.</p>
+<p>Fond Fancy brought back to my slumbers</p>
+<p class="i2">Our walks on the Ness and the Den,</p>
+<p>And echoed the musical numbers</p>
+<p class="i2">Which you used to sing to me then.</p>
+<p>I know the romance, since it's over,</p>
+<p class="i2">'Twere idle, or worse, to recall:&mdash;</p>
+<p>I know you're a terrible rover:</p>
+<p class="i2">But, Clarence,&mdash;you'll come to our Ball!</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>It's only a year, since at College</p>
+<p class="i2">You put on your cap and your gown;</p>
+<p>But, Clarence, you're grown out of knowledge,</p>
+<p class="i2">And chang'd from the spur to the crown:</p>
+<p>The voice that was best when it faltered</p>
+<p class="i2">Is fuller and firmer in tone;</p>
+<p>And the smile that should never have altered,&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">Dear Clarence,&mdash;it is not your own:</p>
+<p>Your cravat was badly selected,</p>
+<p class="i2">Your coat don't become you at all;</p>
+<p>And why is your hair so neglected?</p>
+<p class="i2">You <i>must</i> have it curled for our Ball.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page142" id="page142"></a>[pg 142]</span></p>
+<p>I've often been out upon Haldon,</p>
+<p class="i2">To look for a covey with Pup:</p>
+<p>I've often been over to Shaldon,</p>
+<p class="i2">To see how your boat is laid up:</p>
+<p>In spite of the terrors of Aunty,</p>
+<p class="i2">I've ridden the filly you broke;</p>
+<p>And I've studied your sweet, little Dante,</p>
+<p class="i2">In the shade of your favourite oak:</p>
+<p>When I sat in July to Sir Lawrence,</p>
+<p class="i2">I sat in your love of a shawl;</p>
+<p>And I'll wear what you brought me from Florence,</p>
+<p class="i2">Perhaps, if you'll come to our Ball.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>You'll find us all changed since you vanished:</p>
+<p class="i2">We've set up a National School,</p>
+<p>And waltzing is utterly banished&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">And Ellen has married a fool&mdash;</p>
+<p>The Major is going to travel&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">Miss Hyacinth threatens a rout&mdash;</p>
+<p>The walk is laid down with fresh gravel&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">Papa is laid up with the gout:</p>
+<p>And Jane has gone on with her easels,</p>
+<p class="i2">And Anne has gone off with Sir Paul;</p>
+<p>And Fanny is sick of the measles,&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">And I'll tell you the rest at the Ball.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>You'll meet all your Beauties;&mdash;the Lily,</p>
+<p class="i2">And the Fairy of Willowbrook Farm,</p>
+<p>And Lucy, who made me so silly</p>
+<p class="i2">At Dawlish, by taking your arm&mdash;</p>
+<p>Miss Manners, who always abused you,</p>
+<p class="i2">For talking so much about Hock&mdash;</p>
+<p>And her sister who often amused you,</p>
+<p class="i2">By raving of rebels and Rock;</p>
+<p>And something which surely would answer,</p>
+<p class="i2">A heiress, quite fresh from Bengal&mdash;</p>
+<p>So, though you were seldom a dancer,</p>
+<p class="i2">You'll dance, just for once, at our Ball.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>But out on the world!&mdash;from the flowers</p>
+<p class="i2">It shuts out the sunshine of truth;</p>
+<p>It blights the green leaves in the bowers,</p>
+<p class="i2">It makes an old age of our youth:</p>
+<p>And the flow of our feeling, once in it,</p>
+<p class="i2">Like a streamlet beginning to freeze,</p>
+<p>Though it cannot turn ice in a minute,</p>
+<p class="i2">Grows harder by sullen degrees&mdash;</p>
+<p>Time treads o'er the grave of Affection;</p>
+<p class="i2">Sweet honey is turned into gall.</p>
+<p>Perhaps you have no recollection</p>
+<p class="i2">That ever you danced at our Ball.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>You once could be pleased with our ballads&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">To-day you have critical ears:</p>
+<p>You once could be charmed with our salads&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">Alas! you've been dining with Peers&mdash;</p>
+<p>You trifled and flirted with many&mdash;-</p>
+<p class="i2">You've forgotten the when and the how&mdash;</p>
+<p>There was <i>one</i> you liked better than any&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">Perhaps you've forgotten <i>her</i> now.</p>
+<p>But of those you remember most newly,</p>
+<p class="i2">Of those who delight or enthrall,</p>
+<p>None love you a quarter so truly</p>
+<p class="i2">As some you will find at our Ball.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>They tell me you've many who flatter,</p>
+<p class="i2">Because of your wit and your song&mdash;</p>
+<p>They tell me (and what does it matter?)</p>
+<p class="i2">You like to be praised by the throng&mdash;</p>
+<p>They tell me you're shadowed with laurel,</p>
+<p class="i2">They tell me you're loved by a Blue&mdash;</p>
+<p>They tell me you're sadly immoral,</p>
+<p class="i2">Dear Clarence, <i>that</i> cannot be true!</p>
+<p>But to me you are still what I found you</p>
+<p class="i2">Before you grew clever and tall&mdash;</p>
+<p>And you'll think of the spell that once bound you&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">And you'll come&mdash;<i>won't</i> you come?&mdash;to our Ball!</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i10">               <i>London Magazine.</i></p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>PARTY.</h3>
+
+
+<p>Two dogs cannot worry one another in
+the streets without instantly forming each
+his party among the crowd; much more
+then does the principle apply to higher
+contests.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+<h2><b>The Anecdote Gallery.</b></h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>MOLIERE.</h3>
+
+
+<p>At the town of Pezénas they still show
+an elbow-chair of Molière's (as at Montpelier
+they show the gown of Rabelais,)
+in which the poet, it is said, ensconced in
+a corner of a barber's shop, would sit for
+the hour together, silently watching the
+air, gestures, and grimaces of the village
+politicians, who, in those days, before
+coffee-houses were introduced into France,
+used to congregate in this place of resort.
+The fruits of this study may be easily
+discerned in those original draughts of
+character from the middling and lower
+classes with which his pieces everywhere
+abound.</p>
+
+<p>Molière's celebrated farce of <i>Les Précieuses
+Ridicules</i>; a piece in only one
+act, but which, by its inimitable satire,
+effected such a revolution in the literary
+taste of his countrymen, as has been accomplished
+by few works of a more imposing
+form&mdash;may be considered as the
+basis of the dramatic glory of Molière,
+and the dawn of good comedy in France.
+The satire aimed at a coterie of wits who
+set themselves up as arbiters of taste and
+fashion, and was welcomed with enthusiastic
+applause, most of them being present
+at the first exhibition, to behold the
+fine fabric, which they had been so painfully
+constructing, brought to the ground
+by a single blow. "And these follies,"
+said Ménage to Chapelin, "which you
+and I see so finely criticised here, are
+what we have been so long admiring.
+We must go home and burn our idols."
+"Courage, Molière," cried an old man
+from the pit; "this is genuine comedy."
+The price of the seats was doubled from
+the time of the second representation.
+Nor were the effects of the satire merely
+transitory. It converted an epithet of
+praise into one of reproach; and a <i>femme
+precieuse</i>, a <i>style precieux</i>, a <i>ton precieux</i>,
+once so much admired, have ever
+since been used only to signify the most
+ridiculous affectation. There was, in
+truth, however, quite as much luck as
+merit, in this success of Molière; whose
+production exhibits no finer raillery, or
+better sustained dialogue, than are to be
+found in many of his subsequent pieces.
+It assured him, however, of his own
+strength, and disclosed to him the mode
+in which he should best hit the popular
+taste. "I have no occasion to study
+Plautus or Terence any longer," said he,
+"I must henceforth, study the world."
+The world accordingly was his study;
+and the exquisite models of character
+which it furnished him, will last as long
+as it shall endure.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page143" id="page143"></a>[pg 143]</span>
+Though an habitual valetudinarian,
+Molière relied almost wholly on the temperance
+of his diet for the reestablishment
+of his health. "What use do you
+make of your physician?" said the king
+to him one day. "We chat together,
+Sire," said the poet. "He gives me his
+prescriptions; I never follow them; and
+so I get well."</p>
+
+<p>In Molière's time, the profession of a
+comedian was but lightly esteemed in
+France at this period. Molière experienced
+the inconveniences resulting from
+this circumstance, even after his splendid
+literary career had given him undoubted
+claims to consideration. Most of our readers
+no doubt, are acquainted with the
+anecdote of Belloc, an agreeable poet of
+the court, who, on hearing one of the servants
+in the royal household refuse to aid
+the author of the <i>Tartuffe</i> in making the
+king's bed, courteously requested "the
+poet to accept his services for that purpose."
+Madame Campan's anecdote of
+a similar courtesy, on the part of Louis
+the Fourteenth, is also well known; who,
+when several of these functionaries refused
+to sit at table with the comedian,
+kindly invited him to sit down with him,
+and, calling in some of his principal
+courtiers, remarked that "he had requested
+the pleasure of Molière's company
+at his own table, as it was not
+thought quite good enough for his officers."
+This rebuke had the desired
+effect.</p>
+
+<p>Molière died in 1673, he had been long
+affected by a pulmonary complaint, and
+it was only by severe temperance that he
+was enabled to preserve even a moderate
+degree of health. At the commencement
+of the year, his malady sensibly increased.
+At this very season, he composed his
+<i>Malade Imaginaire</i>; the most whimsical,
+and perhaps the most amusing of the
+compositions, in which he has indulged
+his raillery against the faculty. On the
+17th of February, being the day appointed
+for its fourth representation, his
+friends would have dissuaded him from
+appearing, in consequence of his increasing
+indisposition. But he persisted in
+his design, alleging "that more than
+fifty poor individuals depended for their
+daily bread on its performance." His
+life fell a sacrifice to his benevolence.
+The exertions which he was compelled to
+make in playing the principal part of
+<i>Argan</i> aggravated his distemper, and as
+he was repeating the word <i>juro</i>, in the
+concluding ceremony, he fell into a convulsion,
+which he vainly endeavoured to
+disguise from the spectators under a
+forced smile. He was immediately carried
+to his house, in the <i>Rue de Richelieu</i>,
+now No. 34. A violent fit of
+coughing, on his arrival, occasioned the
+rupture of a blood-vessel; and seeing
+his end approaching, he sent for two ecclesiastics
+of the parish of St. Eustace,
+to which he belonged, to administer to
+him the last offices of religion. But
+these worthy persons having refused their
+assistance, before a third, who had been
+sent for, could arrive, Molière, suffocated
+with the effusion of blood, had expired
+in the arms of his family.</p>
+
+<p>Molière died soon after entering upon
+his fifty-second year. He is represented
+to have been somewhat above the middle
+stature, and well proportioned; his features
+large, his complexion dark, and his
+black, bushy eye-brows so flexible, as to
+admit of his giving an infinitely comic
+expression to his physiognomy. He was
+the best actor of his own generation, and
+by his counsels, formed the celebrated
+Baron, the best of the succeeding. He
+played all the range of his own characters,
+from <i>Alceste</i> to <i>Sganarelle</i>; though
+he seems to have been peculiarly fitted
+for broad comedy.</p>
+
+<p>He produced all his pieces, amounting
+to thirty, in the short space of fifteen
+years. He was in the habit of reading
+these to an old female domestic, by the
+name of La Forêt; on whose unsophisticated
+judgment he greatly relied. On
+one occasion when he attempted to impose
+upon her the production of a brother author,
+she plainly told him that he had
+never written it. Sir Walter Scott may
+have had this habit of Molière's in his
+mind, when he introduced a similar expedient
+into his "Chronicles of the Canongate."
+For the same reason, our
+poet used to request the comedians to
+bring their children with them, when he
+recited to them a new play. The peculiar
+advantage of this humble criticism, in
+dramatic compositions, is obvious. Alfieri
+himself, as he informs us, did not
+disdain to resort to it.</p>
+
+<p>Molière was naturally of a reserved
+and taciturn temper; insomuch that his
+friend Boileau used to call him the <i>Contemplateur</i>.
+Strangers who had expected
+to recognise in his conversation the sallies
+of wit which distinguished his dramas,
+went away disappointed. The same thing
+is related of La Fontaine. The truth is,
+that Molière went into society as a spectator,
+not as an actor; he found there
+the studies for the characters, which he
+was to transport upon the stage; and he
+occupied himself with observing them.
+The dreamer, La Fontaine, lived too in
+a world of his own creation. His friend,
+Madame de la Sablière, paid to him this
+untranslateable compliment; "En vérité,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page144" id="page144"></a>[pg 144]</span>
+mon cher La Fontaine, vous seriez bien
+bête, si vous n'aviez pas tant d'esprit."
+These unseasonable reveries brought him,
+it may be imagined, into many whimsical
+adventures. The great Corneille, too,
+was distinguished by the same apathy.
+A gentleman dined at the same table
+with him for six months, without suspecting
+the author of the "Cid."</p>
+
+<p>Molière enjoyed the closest intimacy
+with the great Condé, the most distinguished
+ornament of the court of Louis
+the Fourteenth; to such an extent indeed,
+that the latter directed, that the
+poet should never be refused admission to
+him, at whatever hour he might choose
+to pay his visit. His regard for his
+friend was testified by his remark, rather
+more candid than courteous, to an Abbé
+of his acquaintance, who had brought
+him an epitaph, of his own writing, upon
+the deceased poet. "Would to heaven,"
+said the prince, "that he were in a condition
+to bring me yours."</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>DOMESTIC HABITS OF NAPOLEON.</h3>
+
+
+<p>At nine o'clock the emperor came out of
+his sleeping apartments, dressed for the
+whole day. First the officers on duty
+were admitted, and received their orders
+for the day. Then the <i>grandes entrees</i>
+and the officers of the household not on
+duty were introduced; and if any one
+had any particular communication to
+make, he staid till the public audience
+was concluded. At half after nine o'clock
+Napoleon breakfasted, on a small mahogany
+table with one leg, and covered with
+a napkin. The prefect of the palace stood
+close by this table, with his hat under
+his arm. The breakfast rarely lasted beyond
+eight minutes. Sometimes, however,
+men of science or literature, or distinguished
+artists, were admitted at this
+time, with whom Napoleon is represented
+to have conversed in an easy and lively
+style. Amongst these were M. Monge,
+Costaz, Denon, Bertholet, Corvisart, David,
+Gerard, Isabey, Talma, and Fontaine.
+Dinner was served at six o'clock;
+the emperor and the empress dined alone
+on the common days of the week, but on
+Sunday all the imperial family attended,
+upon which occasion Napoleon, the empress,
+and Madame Mère had arm-chairs,
+and the rest chairs without arms. There
+was only one course. The emperor drank
+no wine but Chambertin, and that usually
+mixed with water. Dinner lasted in general
+from fifteen to twenty minutes. All
+this time the prefect of the palace had to
+superintend the affair <i>en grand</i>, and to
+answer any questions put to him. In the
+drawing-room a page presented to the
+emperor a waiter with a cup and a sugar-stand.
+Le chef d'office poured out the
+coffee; the empress took the cup from
+the emperor; the page and the chef
+d'office retired; the prefect waited till the
+empress had poured the coffee into the
+saucer and given it to Napoleon. After
+this the emperor went to his papers again,
+and the empress played at cards. Sometimes
+he would come and talk a little
+while with the people of the household in
+the apartments of the empress, but not
+often, and he never staid long. Upon
+his retiring, the officers on duty attended
+the audience <i>du coucher</i>, and received
+their orders for the morrow. This was
+the ordinary economy of the emperor's
+time, when not with the army.</p>
+
+<p>Napoleon read the English newspapers
+every day in French, and M. de Bausset
+says the translation was rigorously exact.
+One day in January, 1811, the emperor
+gave some of these extracts to de B., and
+ordered him to read them aloud during
+dinner. The prefect got on pretty well,
+till he stumbled at some uncouth epithets,
+with which he was puzzled how to
+deal, especially in the presence of the
+empress, and a room full of domestics.
+He blew his nose, and skipped the words&mdash;"No!"
+said Napoleon, "read out!
+you will find many more." "I should
+be wanting&mdash;" "Read, I tell you," repeated
+the emperor, "read every thing!"
+At last de B. ran upon "tyrant or despot,"
+which he commuted for "emperor." Napoleon
+caught the paper out of his hands,
+read the real phrase aloud, and then ordered
+M. de B. to continue. These translations
+used to be made by Maret, Duke
+of Bassano.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+<h2><b>The Gatherer.</b></h2>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles."</p>
+<p class="i10">                     SHAKSPEARE.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>RETENTIVE MEMORY.</h3>
+
+
+<p>The historian, Fuller, in 1607, had a
+most retentive memory; he could repeat
+500 strange, unconnected words, after
+twice hearing them; and a sermon verbatim,
+after reading it once. He undertook,
+after passing from Temple Bar to
+the farthest part of Cheapside and back
+again, to mention all the signs over the
+shops on both sides of the streets, repeated
+them backwards and forwards, and
+performed the task with great exactness.</p>
+
+<p>J.T.S.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>EVE'S TOMB.</h3>
+
+
+<p>About two miles northward of Djidda
+is shown the tomb of Howa (Eve), the
+mother of mankind; it is, as I was informed,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page145" id="page145"></a>[pg 145]</span>
+a rude structure of stone, about
+four feet in length, two or three feet in
+height, and as many in breadth; thus
+resembling the tomb of Noah, seen in the
+valley of Bekaa, in Syria&mdash;<i>Burckhardt's
+Travels in Arabia</i>.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>ACROSTIC ON THE EYES.</h3>
+
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>E nchanting features! how thy beauties charm;</p>
+<p>Y e magic orbs, in which for ever dwell</p>
+<p>E ach varying passion, from the bosom warm,</p>
+<p>S ilently ye express what language ne'er, can tell.</p>
+<p class="i10">                             C.J.T.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>VOLTAIRE.</h3>
+
+
+<p>When Voltaire was once ridiculing our
+immortal author of "Paradise Lost," in
+the presence of Dr. Young, it is said the
+latter delivered the following extempore:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"Thou art so witty, profligate, and thin,</p>
+<p> Thou seem'st a Milton, with his Death and Sin."</p>
+<p class="i10">                            R.Y.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>VENTILATION.</h3>
+
+<p>Garrick told Cibber, "that his pieces
+were the best ventilators to his theatre at
+Drury Lane; for as soon as any of them
+were played, the audience directly left the
+house."</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>ACROSTIC TO BRAHAM.</h3>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>B ear not away ye gales that sound!</p>
+<p>R apture be mute, nor breathe one sigh!</p>
+<p>A ttentive angels hover round&mdash;</p>
+<p>H eaven listens to his melody;</p>
+<p>A nd all the spheres' harmonious strings</p>
+<p>M ove in celestial strains when Braham sings!</p>
+<p class="i10">                         G.J.T.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p>This day is published, price 5<i>s</i>. with a Frontispiece,
+and thirty other Engravings, the</p>
+
+<h4><b>ARCANA OF SCIENCE, AND ANNUAL
+REGISTER OF THE USEFUL ARTS,
+FOR 1829.</b></h4>
+
+<p>The MECHANICAL department contains ONE
+HUNDRED New Inventions and Discoveries, with
+14 <i>Engravings</i>.</p>
+
+<p>CHEMICAL, SEVENTY articles, with 2 <i>Engravings</i>.</p>
+
+<p>NATURAL HISTORY, 135 New Facts and Discoveries,
+with 7 <i>Engravings</i>.</p>
+
+<p>ASTRONOMICAL and METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA&mdash;35
+articles&mdash;6 <i>Engravings</i>.</p>
+
+<p>AGRICULTURE, GARDENING, and RURAL ECONOMY,
+100 <i>Articles</i>.</p>
+
+<p>DOMESTIC ECONOMY 50 <i>Articles</i>.</p>
+
+<p>USEFUL ARTS, 50 <i>Articles</i>.</p>
+
+<p>FINE ARTS.</p>
+
+<p>PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS.</p>
+
+<p>MISCELLANEOUS REGISTER, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>"We hope the editor will publish a similar
+volume annually."&mdash;<i>Gardener's Magazine</i>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href="#footnotetag1"> (return) </a><p>See No. 356 of the MIRROR, "Valentine's Day."</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a href="#footnotetag2"> (return) </a><p>See MIRROR, No. 306, p 234.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a href="#footnotetag3"> (return) </a><p> WHITEHALL was originally erected in the
+year 1243, by Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent,
+who bequeathed it to the House of the Blackfriars,
+near "<i>Oldborne</i>," where he was buried.
+It was afterwards purchased by Walter Gray,
+Archbishop of York, who made it his town residence,
+and at his death, left it to that See,
+whence it acquired the name of <i>York House</i>.
+Cardinal Wolsey, on his preferment to the
+Archbishoprick of York, resided here, in great
+state; but on his premunire it was forfeited (or
+as some authors assert had been previously
+given by him,) to the king. Henry VIII. made
+it his principal residence, and greatly enlarged
+it, the ancient and royal palace of Westminster
+having fallen to decay; at the same time he enclosed
+the adjoining park of St. James's, which
+appertained to this palace as well as to that of
+St. James's, which that monarch had erected on
+the site of an ancient hospital, founded before
+the conquest for "leprous sisters." For some
+curious details of Wolsey's magnificence and
+ostentation during his residence at York Place,
+we refer the reader to the second volume of Mr.
+Brayley's <i>Londiniana</i>.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a href="#footnotetag4"> (return) </a><p>Hall's "Chronicle," p. 794. edit. 1809.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote5" name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a href="#footnotetag5"> (return) </a><p>Holinshed says, "he married priuilie the
+Lady Anne Bullougne the same daie, being the
+<i>14th daie of Nouember</i>, and the feast daie of
+Saint Erkenwald; which marriage was kept so
+secret, that verie few knew it till Easter next
+insuing, when it was perceiued that she was
+with child."&mdash;"Chronicles," vol. iii. p. 929.
+edit. 1587.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote6" name="footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b><a href="#footnotetag6"> (return) </a><p> Hume and Henry place the marriage in November.
+Lingard and Sharon Turner in January.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote7" name="footnote7"></a><b>Footnote 7:</b><a href="#footnotetag7"> (return) </a><p>Vide Stow's "Annals," by Howes, p. 562.
+edit. 1633. "King Henry priuily married the
+Lady Anne Boleigne on the fiue and twentieth
+of January, being <i>St. Paul's daie</i>: Mistresse
+Anne Sauage bore vp Queene Annes traine, and
+was herselfe shortly after marryed to the Lord
+Barkley. Doctor Rowland Lee, that marryed
+the King to Queene Anne, was made Bishop of
+Chester, then Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield,
+and President of Wales."</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote8" name="footnote8"></a><b>Footnote 8:</b><a href="#footnotetag8"> (return) </a><p>Harleian MSS. No. 6148. This letter is
+quoted by Burnet in the first volume of his
+"History of the Reformation:" it may be found
+printed entire in the eighteenth volume of the
+"Archæologia:" and also in the second volume
+of Ellis's "Original Letters," first series, p. 33.
+The MS. consists of a rough copy-book of the
+Archbishop's letters, in his own hand writing.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote9" name="footnote9"></a><b>Footnote 9:</b><a href="#footnotetag9"> (return) </a><p>Wyatt's Life of "Queen Anne Boleigne."
+Vide Appendix to Cavendish's "Life of Wolsey,"
+by Singer, vol. ii. p. 200. This interesting memoir
+was written at the close of the sixteenth
+century, (with the view of subverting the calumnies
+of Sanders,) by George Wyatt, Esq, grandson
+of the poet of the same name, and sixth
+son and heir of Sir Thomas Wyatt, who was decapitated
+in the reign of Queen Mary, for his
+insurrection.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote10" name="footnote10"></a><b>Footnote 10:</b><a href="#footnotetag10"> (return) </a><p>"Annales," p. 51. edit. 1616. "Ulterioris
+moræ perlæsus Rex, Boleniam suam iam tandem
+Januarij 25, duxit uxorem, sed clauculum,
+&amp; paucissimis testibus adhibitis." Polydor Virgil
+makes no mention of the period of the marriage,
+he only says, "in matrimonium duxit
+Annam Bulleyne, quam paulò antè amare cæperat.
+ex quâ suscepit filiam nomine Elizabeth."
+p. 689. edit. 1570.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote11" name="footnote11"></a><b>Footnote 11:</b><a href="#footnotetag11"> (return) </a><p>Hume's "History of England," vol. iv. p 3.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote12" name="footnote12"></a><b>Footnote 12:</b><a href="#footnotetag12"> (return) </a><p>Lingard's "History of England," vol. iv.
+p. 190. 4to edit.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote13" name="footnote13"></a><b>Footnote 13:</b><a href="#footnotetag13"> (return) </a><p>Vide Speed's "Annals," p. 1029.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote14" name="footnote14"></a><b>Footnote 14:</b><a href="#footnotetag14"> (return) </a><p> "Life and Raigne of Henry the Eighth,"
+p. 341. edit. 1649.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote15" name="footnote15"></a><b>Footnote 15:</b><a href="#footnotetag15"> (return) </a><p>Harleian MSS. No. 787.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote16" name="footnote16"></a><b>Footnote 16:</b><a href="#footnotetag16"> (return) </a><p>Queen Elizabeth was born at the ancient
+Palace of Greenwich, or as it was then called,
+"the Manner of Plesaunce," one of the favourite
+residences of Henry VIII.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote17" name="footnote17"></a><b>Footnote 17:</b><a href="#footnotetag17"> (return) </a><p> Rutherglen, in Lanarkshire, has also long
+been celebrated for baking <i>sour cakes</i>&mdash;<i>See</i>
+vol. X. MIRROR, p 316.&mdash;I am of opinion these
+cakes are of precisely the same make and origin
+as those to which the writer alludes under the
+above name of "<i>sour cakes</i>," which I presume
+he must have forgotten the name of. I should
+have mentioned, that when these cakes (for they
+are frequently called <i>avver cakes</i>) are baked,
+the fire must be of wood; they never bake them
+over any other fire. These cakes are of a remarkably
+strong, sour taste. I should further
+note, that the <i>girdle</i> is attached to a "crane"
+affixed in the chimney.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote18" name="footnote18"></a><b>Footnote 18:</b><a href="#footnotetag18"> (return) </a><p>Quasi Townsend</p></blockquote>.
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143,
+Strand. (near Somerset House,) London; sold
+by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market,
+Leipsic; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers</i>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, No. 358, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, No. 358, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, No. 358
+       Vol. XIII, No. 358., Saturday, February 28, 1829
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: July 12, 2004 [EBook #12898]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram and PG Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XIII, No. 358.] SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1829. [PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+[Illustration: YORK TERRACE, REGENT'S PARK.]
+
+YORK TERRACE,
+
+REGENT'S PARK.
+
+
+If the reader is anxious to illustrate any political position with the
+"signs of the times," he has only to start from Waterloo-place, (thus
+commencing with a glorious reminiscence,) through Regent-street and
+Portland-place, and make the architectural tour of the Regent's Park.
+Entering the park from the New Road by York Gate, one of the first
+objects for his admiration will be _York Terrace_, a splendid range of
+private residences, which has the appearance of an unique palace. This
+striking effect is produced by all the entrances being in the rear, where
+the vestibules are protected by large porches. All the doors and windows
+in the principal front represented in the engraving are uniform, and
+appear like a suite of princely apartments, somewhat in the style of a
+little Versailles. This idea is assisted by the gardens having no
+divisions.
+
+The architecture of the building is Graeco-Italian. It consists of an
+entrance or ground story, with semicircular headed windows and rusticated
+piers. A continued pedestal above the arches of these windows runs
+through the composition, divided between the columns into balustrades, in
+front of the windows of the principal story, to which they form handsome
+balconies. The elegant windows of this and the principal chamber story
+are of the Ilissus Ionic, and are decorated with a colonnade, completed
+with a well-proportioned entablature from the same beautiful order. Mr.
+Elmes, in his critical observations on this terrace, thinks the attic
+story "too irregular to accompany so chaste a composition as the Ionic,
+to which it forms a crown;" he likewise objects to the cornice and
+blocking-course, as being "also too small in proportion for the majesty
+of the lower order."
+
+York Terrace is from the design of Mr. Nash, whose genius not
+unfrequently strays into such errors as our architectural critic has
+pointed out.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+VALENTINE CUSTOMS.
+
+_(To the Editor of the Mirror.)_
+
+
+As some of the customs described by your correspondent W.H.H.[1] are left
+unaccounted for, I suppose any one is at liberty to sport a few
+conjectures on the subject. May not, for instance, the practice of
+burning the "_holly boy_" have its origin in some of those rustic
+incantations described by Theocritus as the means of recalling a truant
+lover, or of warming a cold one; and thus translated:--
+
+    [1] See No. 356 of the MIRROR, "Valentine's Day."
+
+  "First Delphid injured me, he raised my flame,
+  And now I burn this bough in Delphid's name."
+
+Virgil, too, in his 8th Eclogue, alludes to the same charm:--
+
+  "Sparge molam, et fragiles incende bitumine lauros;
+  Daphnis me malus urit, ego hanc in Daphnide laurum."
+
+  "Next in the fire the bays with brimstone burn,
+  And whilst it crackles in the sulphur, say,
+  This I for Daphnis burn, thus Daphnis burn away."
+                                   DRYDEN.
+
+The _"holly bush"_ being made to represent the person beloved, may also
+be borrowed from the ancients:--
+
+  -------------------"Terque haec altaria circum
+  _Effigiem_ duco."
+                                      VIRGIL.
+
+  "Thrice round the altar I the image draw."
+
+The burning wax candles may be more difficult to account for, unless it
+refer to the custom of melting wax in order to mollify the beloved one's
+heart:--
+
+  "As this devoted wax melts o'er the fire,
+  Let Myndian Delphis melt with soft desire."
+                                    THEOCRITUS.
+
+  ---------------"Haec ut cera liquescit."
+  -------------"Sic nostro Daphnis amore."
+                                   VIRGIL.
+
+For a woman to compose a garland was always considered an indication of
+her being in love. Aristophanes says,
+
+  "The wreathing garlands in a woman is
+  The usual symptom of a love-sick mind."
+
+Should the charms resorted to by lovers two thousand years ago, appear to
+you, even remotely, to have influenced the love rites as performed by the
+village men and maidens of the present day, perhaps you may deem this
+string of quotations worthy of a corner in your amusing miscellany.
+
+E.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LINES
+
+_On the Sarcophagus[2] which contains the remains of Nelson in St. Paul's
+Cathedral._
+
+_(For the Mirror.)_
+
+
+  To mark th' excess of priestly pow'r
+  To keep in mind that gorgeous hour,
+  Thou art no Popish monument,
+  Altho' by Wolsey thou wer't sent,
+  From thine own native Italy
+  To tell where his proud ashes lie.
+  To thee a nobler part is given!
+  A prouder task design'd by heav'n!
+  'Tis thine the sea chief's grave to shroud,
+  Idol and wonder of the crowd!
+  The bravest heart that ever stood
+  The shock of battle on the flood!
+  The stoutest arm that ever led
+  A warrior o'er the ocean's bed!
+  Whose name long dreaded on the sea
+  Alone secured the victory!
+  His Britain sea-girt stood alone,
+  Whilst all the earth was heard to moan,
+  Beneath war's iron--iron rod,
+  Trusting in Nelson as her god.--CYMBELINE.
+
+    [2] See MIRROR, No. 306, p 234.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+COINAGE OF THE ANCIENT BRITONS.
+
+_(For the Mirror.)_
+
+
+In 1749, a considerable number of gold coins were discovered on the top
+of Karnbre, in Cornwall, which are clearly proved to have belonged to the
+ancient Britons. The figures that were first stamped on the coins of all
+nations were those of oxen, horses, sheep, &c. It may, therefore, be
+concluded, that the coins of any country which have only the figures of
+cattle stamped on them, and perhaps of trees, representing the woods in
+which their cattle pastured,--were the most ancient coins of the country.
+Some of the gold coins found at Karnbre, and described by Dr. Borlase,
+are of this kind, and may be justly esteemed the most ancient of our
+British coins. Sovereigns soon became aware of the importance of money,
+and took the fabrication of it under their own direction, ordering their
+own heads to be impressed on one side of the coins, while the figure of
+some animal still continued to be stamped on the other. Of this kind are
+some of the Karnbre coins, with a royal head on one side, and a horse on
+the other. When the knowledge and use of letters were once introduced
+into any country, it would not be long before they appeared on its coins,
+expressing the names of the princes whose heads were stamped on them.
+This was a very great improvement in the art of coining, and gave an
+additional value to the money, by preserving the memories of princes, and
+giving light to history. Our British ancestors were acquainted with this
+improvement before they were subdued by the Romans, as several coins of
+ancient Britain have very plain and perfect inscriptions, and on that
+account merit particular attention.
+
+INA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANIMAL FOOD.
+
+_(For the Mirror.)_
+
+
+It is generally allowed, that a profusion of animal food has a tendency
+to vitiate and debase the nature and dispositions of men;
+notwithstanding, the lovers of flesh urge the names of many of the most
+eminent in literature and science, in opposition to this assertion.
+
+Plutarch attributed the stupidity of his countrymen, the Boeotians, to
+the profusion of animal food which they consumed, and even now, our
+lovely, soup drinking, coffee sipping friends on the continent, attribute
+the saturnine, melancholy, and bearish dispositions of John Bull, to his
+partiality for,
+
+  "The famous roast-beef of Old England."
+
+A facetious, philosophical, friend of mine, lately amused me with some
+remarks, on the nature and properties of different kinds of food. "We
+know," said he, "that one herb produces _this_ effect, and another
+_that_; that different species and varieties of plants have different
+virtues; and, why may we not infer that the same rule extends to animated
+nature; that our fish, flesh, and fowl, not only serve as nutriment, but
+that each kind possesses peculiar and individual properties."
+
+This will account for the _piggish_ habits and propensities so
+conspicuous in the inhabitants of certain places in England, and whose
+partiality for _swine's flesh_, is proverbial. The _sheepish_ manners of
+our students and school-boys, may also be attributed to the _mutton_ so
+generally alloted to them. I might continue my observations, _ad
+infinitum_. I might say, that the _wisdom of the goose_ was discoverable
+in--whose love of that, "most abused of God's creatures," is well known:
+and that the sea-side predilections of a certain Bart., of festive
+notoriety, were occasioned by his partiality for turtle.
+
+QUAESITOR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WHITEHALL.
+
+MARRIAGE OF ANNE BOLEYN
+
+_(For the Mirror)_
+
+
+The extraordinary revolution which took place in our religious
+institutions in the time of Henry VIII., has rendered his reign one of
+the most important in the annals of ecclesiastical history. For the great
+changes at that glorious aera, the reformation, when the clouds of
+ignorance and superstition were dispelled, we are principally indebted to
+the beauteous, but unfortunate Anne Boleyn, whose influence with the
+haughty monarch, was the chief cause of the abolition of the papal
+supremacy in England; one of the greatest blessings ever bestowed by a
+monarch on his country. Intimately associated with, and the principal
+scene of these important events, was the ancient palace of Whitehall,[3]
+which Henry, into whose possession it came on the premunire of Wolsey,
+considerably enlarged and beautified, changing its name from that of York
+Place, to the one by which it is still designated.
+
+    [3] WHITEHALL was originally erected in the year 1243, by Hubert
+        de Burgh, Earl of Kent, who bequeathed it to the House of the
+        Blackfriars, near "_Oldborne_," where he was buried. It was
+        afterwards purchased by Walter Gray, Archbishop of York, who made
+        it his town residence, and at his death, left it to that See,
+        whence it acquired the name of _York House_. Cardinal Wolsey, on
+        his preferment to the Archbishoprick of York, resided here, in
+        great state; but on his premunire it was forfeited (or as some
+        authors assert had been previously given by him,) to the king.
+        Henry VIII. made it his principal residence, and greatly enlarged
+        it, the ancient and royal palace of Westminster having fallen to
+        decay; at the same time he enclosed the adjoining park of St.
+        James's, which appertained to this palace as well as to that of
+        St. James's, which that monarch had erected on the site of an
+        ancient hospital, founded before the conquest for "leprous
+        sisters." For some curious details of Wolsey's magnificence and
+        ostentation during his residence at York Place, we refer the
+        reader to the second volume of Mr. Brayley's _Londiniana_.
+
+In this building, an event, the most important, in its consequences,
+recorded in the history of any country, took place,--the marriage of Anne
+Boleyn, who had been created Countess of Pembroke, with the "stern
+Harry." The precise period of these nuptials, owing to the secrecy with
+which they were performed, is involved in considerable obscurity, and has
+given rise to innumerable controversies among historians; the question
+not being even to this hour satisfactorily decided as to whether they
+were solemnized in the month of _November_, 1532, or in that of
+_January_, 1533. Hall,[4] Holinshed,[5] and Grafton, whose authority
+several of our more modern historians[6] have followed, place it on the
+14th of November, 1532, the Feast Day of St. Erkenwald; but Stow[7]
+informs us, that it was celebrated on the 25th of January 1533; and his
+assertion bears considerable weight, being corroborated by a letter from
+Archbishop Cranmer, dated "the xvij daye of June," 1533, from his "manor
+of Croydon," to Hawkyns, the embassador at the emperor's court. In this
+letter the prelate says, "she was marid muche about _St. Paules daye_
+last, as the condicion thereof dothe well appere by reason she ys now
+sumwhat bygg with chylde."[8] This statement, coming as it does from so
+authentic a source, and coinciding with the accounts of Stow, Wyatt,[9]
+and Godwin[10] may, we think, be regarded as the most correct. Her
+marriage was not made known until the following Easter, when it was
+publicly proclaimed, and preparations made for her coronation, which was
+conducted with extraordinary magnificence in Whitsuntide. Her becoming
+pregnant soon after her marriage "gave great satisfaction to the king,
+and was regarded by the people as a strong proof of the queen's former
+modesty and virtue."[11] This latter circumstance, however, has not met
+with that consideration among historians which it appears to merit; for
+we must remember that Elizabeth was born on the 7th of the following
+September, an event, which would perhaps rather tend to confirm the
+opinion of Hall, in contradiction to that of Stow, if, indeed, Anne had
+been proof against the advances of Henry, previous to their marriage,
+which some writers have doubted.
+
+    [4] Hall's "Chronicle," p. 794. edit. 1809.
+
+    [5] Holinshed says, "he married priuilie the Lady Anne Bullougne
+        the same daie, being the _14th daie of Nouember_, and the feast
+        daie of Saint Erkenwald; which marriage was kept so secret, that
+        verie few knew it till Easter next insuing, when it was perceiued
+        that she was with child."--"Chronicles," vol. iii. p. 929. edit.
+        1587.
+
+    [6] Hume and Henry place the marriage in November. Lingard and
+        Sharon Turner in January.
+
+    [7] Vide Stow's "Annals," by Howes, p. 562. edit. 1633. "King
+        Henry priuily married the Lady Anne Boleigne on the fiue and
+        twentieth of January, being _St. Paul's daie_: Mistresse Anne
+        Sauage bore vp Queene Annes traine, and was herselfe shortly
+        after marryed to the Lord Barkley. Doctor Rowland Lee, that
+        marryed the King to Queene Anne, was made Bishop of Chester, then
+        Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, and President of Wales."
+
+    [8] Harleian MSS. No. 6148. This letter is quoted by Burnet in
+        the first volume of his "History of the Reformation:" it may be
+        found printed entire in the eighteenth volume of the
+        "Archaeologia:" and also in the second volume of Ellis's "Original
+        Letters," first series, p. 33. The MS. consists of a rough
+        copy-book of the Archbishop's letters, in his own hand writing.
+
+    [9] Wyatt's Life of "Queen Anne Boleigne." Vide Appendix to
+        Cavendish's "Life of Wolsey," by Singer, vol. ii. p. 200. This
+        interesting memoir was written at the close of the sixteenth
+        century, (with the view of subverting the calumnies of Sanders,)
+        by George Wyatt, Esq, grandson of the poet of the same name, and
+        sixth son and heir of Sir Thomas Wyatt, who was decapitated in
+        the reign of Queen Mary, for his insurrection.
+
+   [10] "Annales," p. 51. edit. 1616. "Ulterioris morae perlaesus
+        Rex, Boleniam suam iam tandem Januarij 25, duxit uxorem, sed
+        clauculum, & paucissimis testibus adhibitis." Polydor Virgil
+        makes no mention of the period of the marriage, he only says, "in
+        matrimonium duxit Annam Bulleyne, quam paulo ante amare caeperat.
+        ex qua suscepit filiam nomine Elizabeth." p. 689. edit. 1570.
+
+   [11] Hume's "History of England," vol. iv. p 3.
+
+Lingard, whose History is now in the course of publication, intimates
+that the ceremony was performed "in a garret, at the western end of the
+palace of Whitehall;"[12] this, however, when we consider the haughty
+character of Henry, is totally improbable, and rests entirely on the
+authority of one solitary manuscript. There is no reason, however, to
+doubt but that they were married in some apartment in that palace, and
+most probably in the king's private closet.[13] Dr. Rowland Lee, one of
+the royal chaplains, and afterwards Bishop of Coventry officiated, in the
+presence only of the Duke of Norfolk, uncle to the Lady Anne, and her
+father, mother, and brother. Lord Herbert,[14] whose authority has been
+quoted by Hume, says, that Cranmer was also present, but this is
+undoubtedly an error, as that prelate had only just then returned from
+Germany, and was not informed of the circumstance until two weeks
+afterwards, as appears from the following passage in his letter to
+Hawkyns, before quoted:--"Yt hath bin reported thorowte a greate parte of
+the realme that I married her; which was playnly false, for I myself knew
+not thereof a fortenyght after it was donne."
+
+   [12] Lingard's "History of England," vol. iv. p. 190. 4to edit.
+
+   [13] Vide Speed's "Annals," p. 1029.
+
+   [14] "Life and Raigne of Henry the Eighth," p. 341. edit. 1649.
+
+It may not, perhaps, prove uninteresting to our readers, or quite
+irrelevant to the subject, to close this brief account of the marriage of
+Anne Boleyn, with the copy of a letter from that queen to "Squire
+Josselin, upon ye birth of Q. Elizabth," preserved among the manuscripts
+in the British Museum.[15]
+
+   [15] Harleian MSS. No. 787.
+
+"By the Queen--Trusty and well beloved wee greet you well. And whereas it
+hath pleased ye goodness of Almighty God of his infinite mercy and grace
+to send unto vs at this tyme good speed in ye deliverance and bringing
+forth of a Princess to ye great joye and inward comfort of my lord. Us,
+and of all his good and loving subjects of this his realme ffor ye which
+his inestimable beneuolence soe shewed unto vs. We have noe little cause
+to give high thankes, laude and praysing unto our said Maker, like as we
+doe most lowly, humbly, and wth all ye inward desire of our heart. And
+inasmuch as wee undoubtedly trust yt this our good is to you great
+pleasure, comfort, and consolacion; wee therefore by these our Lrs
+aduertise you thereof, desiring and heartily praying you to give wth vs
+unto Almighty God, high thankes, glory, laud, and praising, and to pray
+for ye good health, prosperity, and continuall preservation of ye sd
+Princess accordingly. Yeoven under our Signett at my Lds Manner of
+Greenwch,[16] ye 7th day of September, in ye 25th yeare of my said Lds
+raigne, An. Dno. 1533."
+
+S.I.B.
+
+   [16] Queen Elizabeth was born at the ancient Palace of
+        Greenwich, or as it was then called, "the Manner of Plesaunce,"
+        one of the favourite residences of Henry VIII.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+MEMORABLE DAYS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+COLLOP MONDAY.
+
+
+Collop Monday is the day before Shrove Tuesday, and in many parts is made
+a day of great feasting on account of the approaching Lent. It is so
+called, because it was the last day allowed for eating animal food before
+Lent; and our ancestors cut up their fresh meat into collops, or steaks,
+for salting or hanging up until Lent was over; and even now in many
+places it is still a custom to have eggs and collops, or slices of bacon,
+for dinner on this day.
+
+In Westmoreland, and particularly at Brough, where I have witnessed it
+many times, the good people kill a great many pigs about a week or two
+previous to Lent, which have been carefully fattened up for the occasion.
+The good housewife is busily occupied in salting the flitches and hams to
+hang up in the "pantry," and in cutting the fattest parts of the pig for
+collops on this day. The most luscious cuts are baked in a pot in an
+oven, and the fat poured out into a bladder, as it runs out of the meat,
+for hog's-lard. When all the lard has been drained off, the remains
+(which are called _cracklings_, being then baked quite crisp) resemble
+the crackling on a leg of pork, are eaten with potatoes, and from the
+quantity of salt previously added to them, to preserve the lard, are
+unpalatable to many mouths. The rough farmers' men, however, devour them
+as a savoury dish, and every time "lard" is being made, _cracklings_ are
+served up for the servants' dinner. Indeed, even the more respectable
+classes partake of this dish.
+
+PIG-FRY--This is a Collop Monday dish, and is a necessary appendage to
+"_cracklings_." It consists of the fattest parts of the entrails of the
+pig, broiled in an oven. Numerous herbs, spices, &c. are added to it; and
+upon the whole, it is a more sightly "_course_" at table than fat
+cracklings. Sometimes the good wife indulges her house with a pancake, as
+an assurance that she has not forgotten to provide for Shrove Tuesday.
+The servants are also treated with "a drop of something good" on this
+occasion; and are allowed (if they have nothing of importance to require
+their immediate attention) to spend the afternoon in conviviality.
+
+AVVER BREAD.--During Lent, in the same county, a great quantity of bread,
+called avver bread, is made. It is of _oats_, leavened and kneaded into a
+large, thin, round cake, which is placed upon a "_girdle_"[17] over the
+fire. The bread is about the thickness of a "lady's" slice of bread and
+butter.
+
+   [17] Rutherglen, in Lanarkshire, has also long been celebrated
+        for baking _sour cakes_--_See_ vol. X. MIRROR, p 316.--I am of
+        opinion these cakes are of precisely the same make and origin as
+        those to which the writer alludes under the above name of "_sour
+        cakes_," which I presume he must have forgotten the name of. I
+        should have mentioned, that when these cakes (for they are
+        frequently called _avver cakes_) are baked, the fire must be of
+        wood; they never bake them over any other fire. These cakes are
+        of a remarkably strong, sour taste. I should further note, that
+        the _girdle_ is attached to a "crane" affixed in the chimney.
+
+I am totally unable to give a definition of the word _avver_, and should
+feel much gratified by any correspondent's elucidation. I think _P.T.W_.
+may possibly assist me on this point; and if so, I shall be much obliged.
+There is an evident corruption in it. I have sometimes thought that avver
+means oaten, although I have no other authority than from knowing the
+strange pronunciation given to other words.
+
+W.H.H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE CONTEMPORARY TRAVELLER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DESCRIPTION OF MEKKA.
+
+
+Mekka maybe styled a handsome town; its streets are in general broader
+than those of eastern cities; the houses lofty, and built of stone; and
+the numerous windows that face the streets give them a more lively and
+European aspect than those of Egypt or Syria, where the houses present
+but few windows towards the exterior. Mekka (like Djidda) contains many
+houses three stories high; few at Mekka are white-washed; but the dark
+grey colour of the stone is much preferable to the glaring white that
+offends the eye in Djidda. In most towns of the Levant the narrowness of
+a street contributes to its coolness; and in countries where
+wheel-carriages are not used, a space that allows two loaded camels to
+pass each other is deemed sufficient. At Mekka, however, it was necessary
+to leave the passages wide, for the innumerable visiters who here crowd
+together; and it is in the houses adapted for the reception of pilgrims
+and other sojourners, that the windows are so contrived as to command a
+view of the streets.
+
+The city is open on every side; but the neighbouring mountains, if
+properly defended, would form a barrier of considerable strength against
+an enemy. In former times it had three walls to protect its extremities;
+one was built across the valley, at the street of Mala; another at the
+quarter of Shebeyka; and the third at the valley opening into the
+Mesfale. These walls were repaired in A.H. 816 and 828, and in a century
+after some traces of them still remained.
+
+The only public place in the body of the town is the ample square of the
+great mosque; no trees or gardens cheer the eye; and the scene is
+enlivened only during the Hadj by the great number of well stored shops
+which are found in every quarter. Except four or five large houses
+belonging to the Sherif, two _medreses_ or colleges (now converted into
+corn magazines,) and the mosque, with some buildings and schools attached
+to it, Mekka cannot boast of any public edifices, and in this respect
+is, perhaps, more deficient than any other eastern city of the same size.
+Neither khans, for the accommodation of travellers, or for the deposit of
+merchandize, nor palaces of grandees, nor mosques, which adorn every
+quarter of other towns in the East, are here to be seen; and we may
+perhaps attribute this want of splendid buildings to the veneration which
+its inhabitants entertain for their temple; this prevents them from
+constructing any edifice which might possibly pretend to rival it.
+
+The houses have windows looking towards the street; of these many project
+from the wall, and have their frame-work elaborately carved, or gaudily
+painted. Before them hang blinds made of slight reeds, which exclude
+flies and gnats while they admit fresh air. Every house has its terrace,
+the floor of which (composed of a preparation from lime-stone) is built
+with a slight inclination, so that the rain-water runs off through
+gutters into the street; for the rains here are so irregular that it is
+not worth while to collect the water of them in cisterns, as is done in
+Syria. The terraces are concealed from view by slight parapet walls; for
+throughout the east, it is reckoned discreditable that a man should
+appear upon the terrace, whence he might be accused of looking at women
+in the neighbouring houses, as the females pass much of their time on the
+terraces, employed in various domestic occupations, such as drying corn,
+hanging up linen, &c. The Europeans of Aleppo alone enjoy the privilege
+of frequenting their terraces, which are often beautifully built of
+stone; here they resort during the summer evenings, and often to sup and
+pass the night. All the houses of the Mekkawys, except those of the
+principal and richest inhabitants, are constructed for the accommodation
+of lodgers, being divided into many apartments, separated from each
+other, and each consisting of a sitting-room and a small kitchen. Since
+the pilgrimage, which has begun to decline, (this happened before the
+Wahaby conquest,) many of the Mekkawys, no longer deriving profit from
+the letting of their lodgings, found themselves unable to afford the
+expense of repairs; and thus numerous buildings in the out-skirts have
+fallen completely into ruin, and the town itself exhibits in every street
+houses rapidly decaying. I saw only one of recent construction; it was in
+the quarter of El Shebeyka, belonged to a Sherif, and cost, as report
+said, one hundred and fifty purses; such a house might have been built at
+Cairo for sixty purses.
+
+The streets are all unpaved; and in summer time the sand and dust in them
+are as great a nuisance as the mud is in the rainy season, during which
+they are scarcely passable after a shower; for in the interior of the
+town the water does not run off, but remains till it is dried up. It may
+be ascribed to the destructive rains, which, though of shorter duration
+than in other tropical countries, fall with considerable violence, that
+no ancient buildings are found in Mekka. The mosque itself has undergone
+so many repairs under different sultans, that it may be called a modern
+structure; and of the houses, I do not think there exists one older than
+four centuries; it is not, therefore, in this place, that the traveller
+must look for interesting specimens of architecture or such beautiful
+remains of Saracenic structures as are still admired in Syria, Egypt,
+Barbary, and Spain. In this respect the ancient and far-famed Mekka is
+surpassed by the smallest provincial towns of Syria or Egypt. The same
+may be said with respect to Medina, and I suspect that the towns of Yemen
+are generally poor in architectural remains.
+
+Mekka is deficient in those regulations of police which are customary in
+Eastern cities. The streets are totally dark at night, no lamps of any
+kind being lighted; its different quarters are without gates, differing
+in this respect also from most Eastern towns, where each quarter is
+regularly shut up after the last evening prayers. The town may therefore
+be crossed at any time of the night, and the same attention is not paid
+here to the security of merchants, as well as of husbands, (on whose
+account principally, the quarters are closed,) as in Syrian or Egyptian
+towns of equal magnitude. The dirt and sweepings of the houses are cast
+into the streets, where they soon become dust or mud according to the
+season. The same custom seems to have prevailed equally in ancient times;
+for I did not perceive in the skirts of the town any of those heaps of
+rubbish which are usually found near the large towns of Turkey.
+
+With respect to water, the most important of all supplies, and that which
+always forms the first object of inquiry among Asiatics, Mekka is not
+much better provided than Djidda; there are but few cisterns for
+collecting rain, and the well-water is so brackish that it is used only
+for culinary purposes, except during the time of the pilgrimage, when the
+lowest class of hadjys drink it. The famous well of Zemzem, in the great
+mosque, is indeed sufficiently copious to supply the whole town; but,
+however holy, its water is heavy to the taste and impedes digestion; the
+poorer classes besides have not permission to fill their water-skins with
+it at pleasure. The best water in Mekka is brought by a conduit from the
+vicinity of Arafat, six or seven hours distant. The present government,
+instead of constructing similar works, neglects even the repairs and
+requisite cleansing of this aqueduct. It is wholly built of stone; and
+all those parts of it which appear above ground, are covered with a thick
+layer of stone and cement. I heard that it had not been cleaned during
+the last fifty years; the consequence of this negligence is, that the
+most of the water is lost in its passage to the city through apertures,
+or slowly forces its way through the obstructing sediment, though it
+flows in a full stream into the head of the aqueduct at Arafat. The
+supply which it affords in ordinary times is barely sufficient for the
+use of the inhabitants, and during the pilgrimage sweet water becomes an
+absolute scarcity; a small skin of water (two of which skins a person may
+carry) being then often sold for one shilling--a very high price among
+Arabs.
+
+There are two places in the interior of Mekka where the aqueduct runs
+above ground; there the water is let off into small channels or
+fountains, at which some slaves of the Sherif are stationed, to exact a
+toll from persons filling their water-skins. In the time of the Hadj,
+these fountains are surrounded day and night by crowds of people
+quarrelling and fighting for access to the water. During the late siege,
+the Wahabys cut off the supply of water from the aqueduct; and it was not
+till some time after, that the injury which this structure then received,
+was partially repaired.
+
+There is a small spring which oozes from under the rocks behind the great
+palace of the Sherif, called Beit el Sad; it is said to afford the best
+water in this country, but the supply is very scanty. The spring is
+enclosed, and appropriated wholly to the Sherif's family.
+
+Beggars, and infirm or indigent hadjys, often entreat the passengers in
+the streets of Mekka for a draught of sweet water; they particularly
+surround the water-stands, which are seen in every corner, and where, for
+two paras in the time of the Hadj, and for one para, at other times, as
+much water may be obtained as will fill a jar.--_Burckhardt's Travels in
+Arabia_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE NATURALIST.
+
+[Illustration: FLAKES OF SNOW MAGNIFIED.]
+
+
+
+Snow is one of the treasures of the atmosphere. Its wonderful
+construction, and the beautiful regularity of its figures, have been the
+object of a treatise by Erasmus Bartholine, who published in 1661, "_De
+Figura Nivis Dissertatio_," with observations of his brother Thomas on
+the use of snow in medicine. On examining the flakes of snow with a
+magnifying glass before they melt, (which may easily be done by making
+the experiment in the open air,) they will appear composed of fine
+shining spicula or points, diverging like rays from a centre. As the
+flakes fall down through the atmosphere, they are joined by more of these
+radiated spicula, and thus increase in bulk like the drops of rain or
+hail-stones. Dr. Green says, "that many parts of snow are of a regular
+figure, for the most part so many little rowels or stars of six points,
+and are as perfect and transparent ice as any seen on a pond. Upon each
+of these points are other collateral points set at the same angles as the
+main points themselves; among these there are divers others, irregular,
+which are chiefly broken points and fragments of the regular ones. Others
+also, by various winds, seem to have been thawed and frozen again into
+irregular clusters; so that it seems as if the whole body of snow was an
+infinite mass of icicles irregularly figured. That is, a cloud of vapours
+being gathered into drops, those drops forthwith descend, and in their
+descent, meeting with a freezing air as they pass through a colder
+region, each drop is immediately frozen into an icicle, shooting itself
+forth into several points; but these still continuing their descent, and
+meeting with some intermitting gales of warmer air, or, in their
+continual waftage to and fro, touching upon each other are a little
+thawed, blunted, and frozen into clusters, or entangled so as to fall
+down in what we call flakes." But we are not, (says the author of the
+"Contemplative Philosopher,") to consider snow merely as a curious
+phenomenon. The Great Disposer of universal bounty has so ordered it,
+that it is eminently subservient, as well as all the works of creation,
+to his benevolent designs.
+
+  "He gives the winter's snow her airy birth,
+  And bids her virgin fleeces clothe the earth."
+                                           SANDYS.
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MONKEYS AT GIBRALTAR.
+
+
+Though Gibraltar abounds with monkeys, there are none to be found in the
+rest of Spain; this is supposed to be occasioned by the following
+circumstance;--The waters of the Propontis, which anciently might be
+nothing but a lake formed by the Granicus and Rhyndacus, finding it more
+easy to work themselves a canal by the Dardanelles than any other way,
+spread into the Mediterranean, and forcing a passage into the ocean
+between Mount Atlas and Calpe, separated the rock from the coast of
+Africa; and the monkeys being taken by surprise, were compelled to be
+carried with it over to Europe, "These animals," says a resident at
+Gibraltar, "are now in high favour here. The lieutenant-governor, General
+Don, has taken them under his protection, and threatened with fine and
+imprisonment any one who shall in any way molest them. They have
+increased rapidly, of course. Many of them are as large as our dogs; and
+some of the old grandfathers and great-grandfathers are considerably
+larger. I had the good fortune to fall in with a family of about ten, and
+had an opportunity of watching for a time their motions. There appeared
+to be a father and mother, four or five grown-up children, and three that
+had not reached the years of discretion. One of them was still at the
+breast; and although he was large enough to be weaned, and indeed made
+his escape as rapidly as the mother when they took the alarm, it was
+quite impossible to restrain laughter when one saw the mother, with great
+gravity, sitting nursing the little elf, with her hand behind it, and the
+older children skipping up and down the walls, and playing all sorts of
+antic tricks with one another. They made their escape with the utmost
+rapidity, leaping over rocks and precipices with great agility, and
+evidently unconscious of fear."
+
+W.G.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR,
+
+AND
+
+LITERARY NOTICES OF
+
+_NEW WORKS_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE GREAT WORLD OF FASHION.
+
+
+Satire is the pantomime of literature, and harlequin's jacket, his black
+vizor, and his eel-like lubricity, are so many harmless satires on the
+weak sides of our nature. The pen of the satirist is as effective as the
+pencil of the artist; and provided it draw well, cannot fail to prove as
+attractive. Indeed, the characters of pantomime, harlequin, columbine,
+clown, and pantaloon, make up the best _quarto_ that has ever appeared on
+the manners and follies of the times; and they may be turned to as grave
+an account as any page of Seneca's Morals, or Cicero's Disputations;
+however various the means, the end, or object, is the same, and all is
+rounded with a sleep.
+
+"The Great World," in the language of satire, is the "glass of fashion
+and the mould of form." Its geography and history are as perpetually
+changing as the modes of St. James's, or the features of one of its
+toasted beauties; and what is written of it to-day may be dry, and its
+time be out of joint, before it has escaped the murky precincts of the
+printing-house. It is subtlety itself, and we know not "whence it cometh,
+and whither it goeth." Its philosophy is concentric, for this Great World
+consists of thousands of little worlds, _usque ad infinitum_, and we do
+well if we become not giddy with looking on the wheels of its
+vicissitudes.
+
+We know not whom we have to thank for the pamphlet of sixty
+pages--entitled "A Geographical and Historical Account of the Great
+World"--now before us. It bears the imprint of "Ridgway, Piccadilly," so
+that it is published at the gate of the very region it describes--like
+the accounts of _Pere la Chaise_, sold at its _concierge_. Annexed is a
+Map of the Great World--but the author has not "attempted to lay down the
+longitude; the only measurements hitherto made being confined to the
+west of the meridian of St. James's Strait." Then the author tells us of
+the atomic hypothesis of the formation of the Great World. "These rules,
+for the performance of what appears to be an atomic quadrille, are
+furnished by Sir H. Davy, elected by the Great World, master of the
+ceremonies for the preservation of order, and prescribing rules for the
+regulation of the Universe." "The surface of the Great World, or rather
+its crust, has been ascertained to be exceedingly shallow."
+
+The inhabitants of the Great World, in its diurnal rotation, receive no
+light from the sun till a few hours before the time of its setting with
+us, when it also sets with them, so that they are inconvenienced for a
+short time only, by its light. In its annual orbit, it has but one
+season, which, though called Spring, is subject to the most sudden
+alternations of heat and cold. The females have a singular method of
+protecting themselves from the baneful effects of these violent changes,
+which is worthy of notice:--they wrap themselves up, during the short
+time the sun shines, in pelisses, shawls, and cloaks, their heads being
+protected by hats, whose umbrageous brims so far exceed in dimensions the
+little umbrellas raised above them, that a stranger is at a loss to
+conjecture the use of the latter. Shortly after the sun has set, these
+habiliments are all thrown off, dresses of gossamer are substituted in
+their place, and the fair wearers rush out into the open air, to enjoy
+the cool night breezes.
+
+This is but the "Companion to the Map." The Voyage to the several Islands
+of the Great World, "is in a frame-work of the adventures of Sir Heedless
+Headlong, who neither reaches the Great World by a balloon, nor Perkins's
+steam-gun. He cruises about St. James's Straits, makes for Idler's
+Harbour, in Alba; is repulsed, but with a friend, Jack Rashleigh,
+journeys to Society Island, lands at Small Talk Bay, and makes for the
+capital, Flirtington. He first visits a general assembly of the leaders
+of the isle. At the house of assembly the rush of charioteers was so
+great, that it is impossible to say what might have been the consequence
+of the general confusion, or how many lives might have been lost, but for
+the interference of a little man in a flaxen wig, and broad-brimmed hat,
+with a cane in his hand, whose authority is said to extend equally over
+ladies and pickpockets of all degrees."[18] Then comes an exquisite bit
+of badinage on that most stupid of all stupidities, a fashionable rout.
+
+   [18] Quasi Townsend.
+
+"On entering the walls, my surprise may be partly conceived, at finding
+those persons, whom I had seen so eagerly striving to gain admittance,
+crowded together in a capacious vapour bath, heated to so high a
+temperature, that had I not been aware of the strict prohibition of
+science, I should have imagined the meeting to have been held for the
+purpose of ascertaining, by experiment, the greatest degree of heat which
+the human frame is capable of supporting. That they should choose such a
+place for their deliberations upon the welfare of the island, appeared to
+me extraordinary, and only to be accounted for upon the supposition that
+it was intended to carry off, by evaporation, that internal heat to which
+the assemblies of legislators of some other countries are known to be
+subject. Judging from the grave and melancholy countenances of the
+persons assembled, I councluded the affairs of the island to be in a very
+disasterous state; and I could discover very little either said or done,
+at all calculated to advance its interests. Of the capital itself, some
+members said a few words; but, to use the language of our Globe, in so
+inaudible a tone of voice, that we could scarcely catch their import. The
+principal subject of their discussion consisted of complaining of the
+extreme heat of the bath, and mutual inquiries respecting their intention
+of immersing themselves in any others that were open the same night."
+
+He next satirizes a fashionable dinner, the parks, the Horticultural
+Society, some pleasant jokes upon a rosy mother and her parsnip-pale
+daughters, and an admirable piece of fun upon the female oligarchy of
+Almacks.
+
+"From hence I made a trip to Crocky's Island, situated on the opposite
+side of the Strait. On landing at Hellgate, within Fools' Inlet my
+surprise was much excited by the prodigious flocks of gulls, pigeons, and
+geese, which were directing their flight towards the Great Fish Lake,
+whither I, too, was making my way. I concluded their object was to
+procure food, of which a profusion was here spread before them,
+consisting of every thing which such birds most delight to peck at; but
+no sooner had they settled near the bank, than they were seized upon by a
+Fisherman, (who was lying in wait for them,) and completely plucked of
+their feathers, an operation to which they very quietly submitted, and
+were then suffered to depart. Upon inquiring his motive for what appeared
+to me a wanton act of cruelty, he told me his intention was to stuff his
+bed with the feathers; 'or,' added he, 'if you _vill_, to feather my
+nest.' Being myself an admirer of a soft bed, I saw no reason why I
+should not employ myself in the same way; but owing, perhaps, to my being
+a novice in the art, and not knowing how to manage the birds properly,
+they were but little disposed to submit themselves to my hands; and, in
+the attempt, I found myself so completely covered with feathers, that
+which of the three descriptions of birds aforesaid I most resembled, it
+would have been difficult to determine. The fisherman, seeing my
+situation, was proceeding to add to the stock of feathers which he had
+collected in a great bag, by plucking those from my person, when, wishing
+to save him any further trouble, I hurried back to Hellgate."
+
+We cannot accompany Sir Heedless any further; but must conclude with a
+few piquancies from the _Vocabulary of the Language of the Great World_,
+which is as necessary to the enjoyment of fashionable life, as is a
+glossary to an elementary scientific treatise:--
+
+_At Home._--Making your house as unlike home as possible, by turning
+every thing topsy-turvy, removing your furniture, and squeezing as many
+people into your rooms as can be compressed together.
+
+_Not at Home._--Sitting in your own room, engaged in reading a new novel,
+writing notes, or other important business.
+
+_Affection._--A painful sensation, such as gout, rheumatism, cramp,
+head-ache, &c.
+
+_Mourning._--An outward covering of black, put on by the relatives of any
+deceased person of consequence, or by persons succeeding to a large
+fortune, as an emblem of their grief upon so melancholy an event.
+
+_Morning._--The time corresponding to that between our noon and sun-set.
+
+_Evening._--The time between our sun-set and sun-rise.
+
+_Night._---The time between our sun-rise and noon.
+
+_Domestic._--An epithet applied to cats, dogs, and other tame animals,
+keeping at home.
+
+_Reflection._--The person viewed in a looking-glass.
+
+_Tenderness._--A property belonging to meat long kept.
+
+_An Undress._--A thick covering of garments.
+
+_A Treasure._--A lady's maid, skilful in the mysteries of building up
+heads, and pulling down characters; ingenious in the construction of
+caps, capes, and scandal, and judicious in the application of paint and
+flattery; also, a footman, who knows, at a single glance, what visiters
+to admit to the presence of his mistress, and whom to refuse.
+
+_Immortality_.--An imaginary privilege of living for ever, conferred upon
+heroes, poets, and patriots.
+
+_Taste_.--The art of discerning the precise shades of difference
+constituting a bad or well dressed man, woman, or dinner.
+
+_Tact_.--The art of wheedling a rich old relation, winning an heiress, or
+dismissing duns with the payment of fair promises.
+
+_Album_.--A ledger kept by ladies for the entry of compliments, in rhyme,
+paid _on demand_ to their beautiful hair, complexions fair, the dimpled
+chin, the smiles that win, the ruby lips, where the bee sips, &c. &c.;
+the whole amount being transferred to their private account from the
+public stock.
+
+_Resignation_.--Giving up a place.
+
+_A Heathen_.--An infidel to the tenets of ton, a Goth; a monster; a
+vulgar wretch. One who eats twice of soup, swills beer, _takes_ wine,
+knows nothing about ennui, dyspepsia, or peristaltic persuaders, and does
+not play ecarte; a creature--nobody.
+
+_Vice_.--An instrument made use of by ladies in _netting_ for the purpose
+of securing their work.
+
+_A Martyr_.--A gentleman subject to the gout.
+
+_Temperate_.----Quiet, an epithet applied only to horses.
+
+_Bore_.--A country acquaintance, or relation, a leg of mutton, a
+hackney-coach, &c., children, or a family party.
+
+_Love_.--Admiration of a large fortune.
+
+_Courage_.--Shooting a fellow creature, perhaps a friend, from the fear
+of being thought a coward.
+
+_Christmas_.--That time of year when tradesmen, and boys from school,
+become troublesome.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+OLD POETS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A KISS.
+
+
+  Best charge and bravest retreat in Cupid's fight,
+  A double key which opens to the heart,
+  Most rich, when most his riches it impart,
+  Nest of young joys, schoolmaster of delight,
+  Teaching the mean at once to take and give,
+  The friendly stay, where blows both wound and heal,
+  The petty death where each in other live,
+  Poor hope's first wealth, hostage of promise weak,
+  Breakfast of love.
+                            SIR P. SYDNEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SIGHT.
+
+
+  -----Nine things to sight required are
+    The power to see, the light, the visible thing:
+  Being not too small, too thin, too nigh, too far,
+    Clear space, and time the form distinct to bring.
+                                     J. DAVIES.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MERCY AND JUSTICE.
+
+
+  Oh who shall show the countenance and gestures
+  Of Mercy and Justice; which fair sacred sisters,
+  With equal poise doth ever balance even,
+  The unchanging projects of the King of heaven.
+  The one stern of look, the other mild aspecting,
+  The one pleas'd with tears, the other blood affecting;
+  The one bears the sword of vengeance unrelenting
+  The other brings pardon for the true repenting.
+                                  J. SYLVESTER
+
+      *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+  I know that countenance cannot lie
+  Whose thoughts are legible in the eye.
+                                  M. ROYDON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+INGRATITUDE.
+
+
+  Unthankfulness is that great sin,
+    Which made the devil and his angels fall:
+  Lost him and them the joys that they were in,
+    And now in hell detains them bound in thrall.
+                              SIR J. HARRINGTON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+  Thou hateful monster base ingratitude,
+    Soul's mortal poison, deadly killing-wound,
+  Deceitful serpent seeking to delude,
+    Black loathsome ditch, where all desert is drown'd;
+  Vile pestilence, which all things dost confound.
+  At first created to no other end,
+  But to grieve those, whom nothing could offend.
+                                  M. DRAYTON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HEAVEN.
+
+
+  From hence with grace and goodness compass'd round,
+    God ruleth, blesseth, keepeth all he wrought,
+  Above the air, the fire, the sea and ground
+    Our sense, our wit, our reason and our thought;
+  Where persons three, with power and glory crown'd,
+    Are all one God, who made all things of naught.
+      Under whose feet, subjected to his grace
+      Sit nature, fortune, motion, time and place.
+
+  This is the place from whence like smoke and dust
+    Of this frail world, the wealth, the pomp, the power,
+  He tosseth, humbleth, turneth as he lust,
+    And guides our life, our end, our death and hour,
+  No eye (however virtuous, pure and just)
+    Can view the brightness of that glorious bower,
+      On every side the blessed spirits be
+      Equal in joys though differing in degree.
+                                       E. FAIRFAX.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MARRIAGE.
+
+
+  In choice of wife prefer the modest chaste,
+    Lilies are fair in show, but foul in smell,
+  The sweetest looks by age are soon defaced,
+    Then choose thy wife by wit and loving well.
+  Who brings thee wealth, and many faults withal,
+  Presents thee honey mix'd with bitter gall.
+                                       D. LODGE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PRIDE.
+
+  Pride is the root of ill in every state,
+  The source of sin, the very fiend's fee:
+  The bead of hell, the bough, the branch, the tree;
+  From which do spring and sprout such fleshly seeds,
+  As nothing else but moans and mischief breeds.
+                                     G. GASCOIGNE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTES FROM THE LONDON REVIEW,
+
+NO. 1.
+
+ANCIENT AND MODERN LUXURIES.
+
+
+As a learned doctor, a passionate admirer of the Nicotian plant, was not
+long since regaling himself with a pinch of snuff, in the study of an old
+college friend, his classical recollections suddenly mixed with his
+present sensation, and suggested the following question:--"If a Greek or
+a Roman were to rise from the grave, how would you explain to him the
+three successive enjoyments which we have had to-day after dinner,--tea,
+coffee, and snuff? By what perception or sensation familiar to them,
+would you account for the modern use of the three vulgar elements, which
+we see notified on every huckster's stall?--or paint the more refined
+beatitude of a young barrister comfortably niched in one of our London
+divans, concentrating his ruminations over a new Quarterly, by the aid of
+a highly-flavoured Havannah?" The doctor's friend, whose ingenuity is not
+easily taken at fault, answered, "By friction, which was performed so
+consummately in their baths. It is no new propensity of animal nature, to
+find pleasure from the combination of a _stimulant_, and a _sedative_.
+The ancients chafed their skins, and we chafe our stomachs, exactly for
+that same double purpose of excitement and repose (let physiologists
+explain their union) which these vegetable substances procure now so
+extensively to mankind. In a word, I would tell the ancient Greeks or
+Romans, that the dealer in tea, coffee, tobacco, and snuff, is to us what
+the experienced practioner of the _strigil_ was to them; with this
+difference, however, that while we spare our skins, our stomachs are in
+danger of being tanned into leather."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE STAGE.
+
+
+We may compare _tragedy_ to a martyrdom by one of the old masters; which,
+whatever be its merit, represents persons, emotions, and events so remote
+from the experience of the spectator, that he feels the grounds of his
+approbation and blame to be in a great measure conjectural. The
+_romance_, such as we generally have seen it, resembles a Gothic
+window-piece, where monarchs and bishops exhibit the symbols of their
+dignity, and saints hold out their palm branches, and grotesque monsters
+in blue and gold pursue one another through the intricacies of a
+never-ending scroll, splendid in colouring, but childish in composition,
+and imitating nothing in nature but a mass of drapery and jewels thrown
+over the commonest outlines of the human figure. The works of the
+_comedian_, in their least interesting forms, are Dutch paintings and
+caricatures: in their best, they are like Wilkie's earlier pictures,
+accurate imitations of pleasing, but familiar objects--admirable as works
+of art, but addressed rather to the judgment than to the imagination.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ENGLISH WOMEN.
+
+
+Nothing could be more easy than to prove, in the reflected light of our
+literature, that from the period of our Revolution to the present time,
+the education of women has improved among us, as much, at least, as that
+of men. Unquestionably that advancement has been greater within the last
+fifty years, than during any previous period of equal length; and it may
+even be doubted whether the modern rage of our fair countrywomen for
+universal acquirement has not already been carried to a height injurious
+to the attainment of excellence in the more important branches of
+literary information.
+
+But in every age since that of Charles II, Englishwomen have been better
+educated than their mothers. For much of this progress we are indebted to
+Addison. Since the Spectator set the example, a great part of our lighter
+literature, unlike that of the preceding age, has been addressed to the
+sexes in common: whatever language could shock the ear of woman, whatever
+sentiment could sully her purity of thought, has been gradually expunged
+from the far greater and better portion of our works of imagination and
+taste; and it is this growing refinement and delicacy of expression,
+throughout the last century, which prove, as much as any thing, the
+increasing number of female readers, and the increasing homage which has
+been paid to the better feelings of their sex.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Mr. Lee, the high-constable of Westminster, in the _Police Report_, says,
+"I have known the time when I have seen the regular thieves watching
+Drummonds' house, looking out for persons coming out: and the widening of
+the pavement of the streets has, I think, done a great deal of good. With
+respect to pick-pocketing, there is not a chance of their doing now as
+they used to do. If a man attempts to pick a pocket, it is ten to one if
+he is not seen, which was not the case formerly."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CRIME IN PARIS.
+
+
+Vidocq, in his Memoires, relates, that in 1817, with twelve agents or
+subordinate officers, he effected in Paris the number of arrests which
+he thus enumerates:--
+
+  Assassins or murderers                       15
+  Robbers or burglars                           5
+  Ditto with false keys                       108
+  Ditto in furnished houses                    12
+  Highwaymen                                  126
+  Pickpockets and cutpurses                    73
+  Shoplifters                                  17
+  Receivers of stolen property                 38
+  Fugitives from the prisons                   14
+  Tried galley-slaves, having left their exile 43
+  Forgers, cheats, swindlers, &c.              46
+  Vagabonds, robbers returned to Paris        229
+  By mandates from his excellency              46
+  Captures and seizures of stolen property     39
+                                             ----
+                                              811
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WITNESSES.
+
+
+The protracted proceedings of our criminal courts are productive of one
+serious evil, which we have never seen noticed. Domestic servants, and
+others who appear as witnesses, must frequently wait, day after day, in
+the court-yard and avenues, or in the adjacent public-houses, until the
+cases on which they have been subpoenaed are called for trial. During
+these intervals they converse and become acquainted with others in
+attendance, a large proportion of whom are generally friends or
+associates of the prisoners. It is thus that the most dangerous
+intimacies have been formed; and many instances have occurred where
+servants, who have been seen in the courts as witnesses for a
+prosecution, have soon afterwards appeared there as prisoners.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+YOU'LL COME TO OUR BALL.
+
+
+"Comment! c'est lui?--que je le regarde encore!--c'est que vraiment il
+est bien change; n'est pas, mon papa?"--_Les premiers Amours_.
+
+  You'll come to our Ball--since we parted,
+    I've thought of you, more than I'll say;
+  Indeed, I was half broken-hearted,
+    For a week, when they took you away.
+  Fond Fancy brought back to my slumbers
+    Our walks on the Ness and the Den,
+  And echoed the musical numbers
+    Which you used to sing to me then.
+  I know the romance, since it's over,
+    'Twere idle, or worse, to recall:--
+  I know you're a terrible rover:
+    But, Clarence,--you'll come to our Ball!
+
+  It's only a year, since at College
+    You put on your cap and your gown;
+  But, Clarence, you're grown out of knowledge,
+    And chang'd from the spur to the crown:
+  The voice that was best when it faltered
+    Is fuller and firmer in tone;
+  And the smile that should never have altered,--
+    Dear Clarence,--it is not your own:
+  Your cravat was badly selected,
+    Your coat don't become you at all;
+  And why is your hair so neglected?
+    You _must_ have it curled for our Ball.
+
+  I've often been out upon Haldon,
+    To look for a covey with Pup:
+  I've often been over to Shaldon,
+    To see how your boat is laid up:
+  In spite of the terrors of Aunty,
+    I've ridden the filly you broke;
+  And I've studied your sweet, little Dante,
+    In the shade of your favourite oak:
+  When I sat in July to Sir Lawrence,
+    I sat in your love of a shawl;
+  And I'll wear what you brought me from Florence,
+    Perhaps, if you'll come to our Ball.
+
+  You'll find us all changed since you vanished:
+    We've set up a National School,
+  And waltzing is utterly banished--
+    And Ellen has married a fool--
+  The Major is going to travel--
+    Miss Hyacinth threatens a rout--
+  The walk is laid down with fresh gravel--
+    Papa is laid up with the gout:
+  And Jane has gone on with her easels,
+    And Anne has gone off with Sir Paul;
+  And Fanny is sick of the measles,--
+    And I'll tell you the rest at the Ball.
+
+  You'll meet all your Beauties;--the Lily,
+    And the Fairy of Willowbrook Farm,
+  And Lucy, who made me so silly
+    At Dawlish, by taking your arm--
+  Miss Manners, who always abused you,
+    For talking so much about Hock--
+  And her sister who often amused you,
+    By raving of rebels and Rock;
+  And something which surely would answer,
+    A heiress, quite fresh from Bengal--
+  So, though you were seldom a dancer,
+    You'll dance, just for once, at our Ball.
+
+  But out on the world!--from the flowers
+    It shuts out the sunshine of truth;
+  It blights the green leaves in the bowers,
+    It makes an old age of our youth:
+  And the flow of our feeling, once in it,
+    Like a streamlet beginning to freeze,
+  Though it cannot turn ice in a minute,
+    Grows harder by sullen degrees--
+  Time treads o'er the grave of Affection;
+    Sweet honey is turned into gall.
+  Perhaps you have no recollection
+    That ever you danced at our Ball.
+
+  You once could be pleased with our ballads--
+    To-day you have critical ears:
+  You once could be charmed with our salads--
+    Alas! you've been dining with Peers--
+  You trifled and flirted with many---
+    You've forgotten the when and the how--
+  There was _one_ you liked better than any--
+    Perhaps you've forgotten _her_ now.
+  But of those you remember most newly,
+    Of those who delight or enthrall,
+  None love you a quarter so truly
+    As some you will find at our Ball.
+
+  They tell me you've many who flatter,
+    Because of your wit and your song--
+  They tell me (and what does it matter?)
+    You like to be praised by the throng--
+  They tell me you're shadowed with laurel,
+    They tell me you're loved by a Blue--
+  They tell me you're sadly immoral,
+    Dear Clarence, _that_ cannot be true!
+  But to me you are still what I found you
+    Before you grew clever and tall--
+  And you'll think of the spell that once bound you--
+    And you'll come--_won't_ you come?--to our Ball!
+
+                           _London Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PARTY.
+
+
+Two dogs cannot worry one another in the streets without instantly
+forming each his party among the crowd; much more then does the principle
+apply to higher contests.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE ANECDOTE GALLERY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MOLIERE.
+
+
+At the town of Pezenas they still show an elbow-chair of Moliere's (as at
+Montpelier they show the gown of Rabelais,) in which the poet, it is
+said, ensconced in a corner of a barber's shop, would sit for the hour
+together, silently watching the air, gestures, and grimaces of the
+village politicians, who, in those days, before coffee-houses were
+introduced into France, used to congregate in this place of resort. The
+fruits of this study may be easily discerned in those original draughts
+of character from the middling and lower classes with which his pieces
+everywhere abound.
+
+Moliere's celebrated farce of _Les Precieuses Ridicules_; a piece in only
+one act, but which, by its inimitable satire, effected such a revolution
+in the literary taste of his countrymen, as has been accomplished by few
+works of a more imposing form--may be considered as the basis of the
+dramatic glory of Moliere, and the dawn of good comedy in France. The
+satire aimed at a coterie of wits who set themselves up as arbiters of
+taste and fashion, and was welcomed with enthusiastic applause, most of
+them being present at the first exhibition, to behold the fine fabric,
+which they had been so painfully constructing, brought to the ground by a
+single blow. "And these follies," said Menage to Chapelin, "which you and
+I see so finely criticised here, are what we have been so long admiring.
+We must go home and burn our idols." "Courage, Moliere," cried an old man
+from the pit; "this is genuine comedy." The price of the seats was
+doubled from the time of the second representation. Nor were the effects
+of the satire merely transitory. It converted an epithet of praise into
+one of reproach; and a _femme precieuse_, a _style precieux_, a _ton
+precieux_, once so much admired, have ever since been used only to
+signify the most ridiculous affectation. There was, in truth, however,
+quite as much luck as merit, in this success of Moliere; whose production
+exhibits no finer raillery, or better sustained dialogue, than are to be
+found in many of his subsequent pieces. It assured him, however, of his
+own strength, and disclosed to him the mode in which he should best hit
+the popular taste. "I have no occasion to study Plautus or Terence any
+longer," said he, "I must henceforth, study the world." The world
+accordingly was his study; and the exquisite models of character which it
+furnished him, will last as long as it shall endure.
+
+Though an habitual valetudinarian, Moliere relied almost wholly on the
+temperance of his diet for the reestablishment of his health. "What use
+do you make of your physician?" said the king to him one day. "We chat
+together, Sire," said the poet. "He gives me his prescriptions; I never
+follow them; and so I get well."
+
+In Moliere's time, the profession of a comedian was but lightly esteemed
+in France at this period. Moliere experienced the inconveniences
+resulting from this circumstance, even after his splendid literary career
+had given him undoubted claims to consideration. Most of our readers no
+doubt, are acquainted with the anecdote of Belloc, an agreeable poet of
+the court, who, on hearing one of the servants in the royal household
+refuse to aid the author of the _Tartuffe_ in making the king's bed,
+courteously requested "the poet to accept his services for that purpose."
+Madame Campan's anecdote of a similar courtesy, on the part of Louis the
+Fourteenth, is also well known; who, when several of these functionaries
+refused to sit at table with the comedian, kindly invited him to sit down
+with him, and, calling in some of his principal courtiers, remarked that
+"he had requested the pleasure of Moliere's company at his own table, as
+it was not thought quite good enough for his officers." This rebuke had
+the desired effect.
+
+Moliere died in 1673, he had been long affected by a pulmonary complaint,
+and it was only by severe temperance that he was enabled to preserve even
+a moderate degree of health. At the commencement of the year, his malady
+sensibly increased. At this very season, he composed his _Malade
+Imaginaire_; the most whimsical, and perhaps the most amusing of the
+compositions, in which he has indulged his raillery against the faculty.
+On the 17th of February, being the day appointed for its fourth
+representation, his friends would have dissuaded him from appearing, in
+consequence of his increasing indisposition. But he persisted in his
+design, alleging "that more than fifty poor individuals depended for
+their daily bread on its performance." His life fell a sacrifice to his
+benevolence. The exertions which he was compelled to make in playing the
+principal part of _Argan_ aggravated his distemper, and as he was
+repeating the word _juro_, in the concluding ceremony, he fell into a
+convulsion, which he vainly endeavoured to disguise from the spectators
+under a forced smile. He was immediately carried to his house, in the
+_Rue de Richelieu_, now No. 34. A violent fit of coughing, on his
+arrival, occasioned the rupture of a blood-vessel; and seeing his end
+approaching, he sent for two ecclesiastics of the parish of St. Eustace,
+to which he belonged, to administer to him the last offices of religion.
+But these worthy persons having refused their assistance, before a third,
+who had been sent for, could arrive, Moliere, suffocated with the
+effusion of blood, had expired in the arms of his family.
+
+Moliere died soon after entering upon his fifty-second year. He is
+represented to have been somewhat above the middle stature, and well
+proportioned; his features large, his complexion dark, and his black,
+bushy eye-brows so flexible, as to admit of his giving an infinitely
+comic expression to his physiognomy. He was the best actor of his own
+generation, and by his counsels, formed the celebrated Baron, the best of
+the succeeding. He played all the range of his own characters, from
+_Alceste_ to _Sganarelle_; though he seems to have been peculiarly fitted
+for broad comedy.
+
+He produced all his pieces, amounting to thirty, in the short space of
+fifteen years. He was in the habit of reading these to an old female
+domestic, by the name of La Foret; on whose unsophisticated judgment he
+greatly relied. On one occasion when he attempted to impose upon her the
+production of a brother author, she plainly told him that he had never
+written it. Sir Walter Scott may have had this habit of Moliere's in his
+mind, when he introduced a similar expedient into his "Chronicles of the
+Canongate." For the same reason, our poet used to request the comedians
+to bring their children with them, when he recited to them a new play.
+The peculiar advantage of this humble criticism, in dramatic
+compositions, is obvious. Alfieri himself, as he informs us, did not
+disdain to resort to it.
+
+Moliere was naturally of a reserved and taciturn temper; insomuch that
+his friend Boileau used to call him the _Contemplateur_. Strangers who
+had expected to recognise in his conversation the sallies of wit which
+distinguished his dramas, went away disappointed. The same thing is
+related of La Fontaine. The truth is, that Moliere went into society as a
+spectator, not as an actor; he found there the studies for the
+characters, which he was to transport upon the stage; and he occupied
+himself with observing them. The dreamer, La Fontaine, lived too in a
+world of his own creation. His friend, Madame de la Sabliere, paid to him
+this untranslateable compliment; "En verite, mon cher La Fontaine, vous
+seriez bien bete, si vous n'aviez pas tant d'esprit." These unseasonable
+reveries brought him, it may be imagined, into many whimsical adventures.
+The great Corneille, too, was distinguished by the same apathy. A
+gentleman dined at the same table with him for six months, without
+suspecting the author of the "Cid."
+
+Moliere enjoyed the closest intimacy with the great Conde, the most
+distinguished ornament of the court of Louis the Fourteenth; to such an
+extent indeed, that the latter directed, that the poet should never be
+refused admission to him, at whatever hour he might choose to pay his
+visit. His regard for his friend was testified by his remark, rather more
+candid than courteous, to an Abbe of his acquaintance, who had brought
+him an epitaph, of his own writing, upon the deceased poet. "Would to
+heaven," said the prince, "that he were in a condition to bring me
+yours."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DOMESTIC HABITS OF NAPOLEON.
+
+
+At nine o'clock the emperor came out of his sleeping apartments, dressed
+for the whole day. First the officers on duty were admitted, and received
+their orders for the day. Then the _grandes entrees_ and the officers of
+the household not on duty were introduced; and if any one had any
+particular communication to make, he staid till the public audience was
+concluded. At half after nine o'clock Napoleon breakfasted, on a small
+mahogany table with one leg, and covered with a napkin. The prefect of
+the palace stood close by this table, with his hat under his arm. The
+breakfast rarely lasted beyond eight minutes. Sometimes, however, men of
+science or literature, or distinguished artists, were admitted at this
+time, with whom Napoleon is represented to have conversed in an easy and
+lively style. Amongst these were M. Monge, Costaz, Denon, Bertholet,
+Corvisart, David, Gerard, Isabey, Talma, and Fontaine. Dinner was served
+at six o'clock; the emperor and the empress dined alone on the common
+days of the week, but on Sunday all the imperial family attended, upon
+which occasion Napoleon, the empress, and Madame Mere had arm-chairs, and
+the rest chairs without arms. There was only one course. The emperor
+drank no wine but Chambertin, and that usually mixed with water. Dinner
+lasted in general from fifteen to twenty minutes. All this time the
+prefect of the palace had to superintend the affair _en grand_, and to
+answer any questions put to him. In the drawing-room a page presented to
+the emperor a waiter with a cup and a sugar-stand. Le chef d'office
+poured out the coffee; the empress took the cup from the emperor; the
+page and the chef d'office retired; the prefect waited till the empress
+had poured the coffee into the saucer and given it to Napoleon. After
+this the emperor went to his papers again, and the empress played at
+cards. Sometimes he would come and talk a little while with the people of
+the household in the apartments of the empress, but not often, and he
+never staid long. Upon his retiring, the officers on duty attended the
+audience _du coucher_, and received their orders for the morrow. This was
+the ordinary economy of the emperor's time, when not with the army.
+
+Napoleon read the English newspapers every day in French, and M. de
+Bausset says the translation was rigorously exact. One day in January,
+1811, the emperor gave some of these extracts to de B., and ordered him
+to read them aloud during dinner. The prefect got on pretty well, till he
+stumbled at some uncouth epithets, with which he was puzzled how to deal,
+especially in the presence of the empress, and a room full of domestics.
+He blew his nose, and skipped the words--"No!" said Napoleon, "read out!
+you will find many more." "I should be wanting--" "Read, I tell you,"
+repeated the emperor, "read every thing!" At last de B. ran upon "tyrant
+or despot," which he commuted for "emperor." Napoleon caught the paper
+out of his hands, read the real phrase aloud, and then ordered M. de B.
+to continue. These translations used to be made by Maret, Duke of
+Bassano.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+  "A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles."
+                                 SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+RETENTIVE MEMORY.
+
+
+The historian, Fuller, in 1607, had a most retentive memory; he could
+repeat 500 strange, unconnected words, after twice hearing them; and a
+sermon verbatim, after reading it once. He undertook, after passing from
+Temple Bar to the farthest part of Cheapside and back again, to mention
+all the signs over the shops on both sides of the streets, repeated them
+backwards and forwards, and performed the task with great exactness.
+
+J.T.S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EVE'S TOMB.
+
+
+About two miles northward of Djidda is shown the tomb of Howa (Eve), the
+mother of mankind; it is, as I was informed, a rude structure of stone,
+about four feet in length, two or three feet in height, and as many in
+breadth; thus resembling the tomb of Noah, seen in the valley of Bekaa,
+in Syria--_Burckhardt's Travels in Arabia_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ACROSTIC ON THE EYES.
+
+
+  E nchanting features! how thy beauties charm;
+  Y e magic orbs, in which for ever dwell
+  E ach varying passion, from the bosom warm,
+  S ilently ye express what language ne'er, can tell.
+                                         C.J.T.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+VOLTAIRE.
+
+
+When Voltaire was once ridiculing our immortal author of "Paradise Lost,"
+in the presence of Dr. Young, it is said the latter delivered the
+following extempore:
+
+  "Thou art so witty, profligate, and thin,
+   Thou seem'st a Milton, with his Death and Sin."
+                                        R.Y.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VENTILATION.
+
+Garrick told Cibber, "that his pieces were the best ventilators to his
+theatre at Drury Lane; for as soon as any of them were played, the
+audience directly left the house."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ACROSTIC TO BRAHAM.
+
+  B ear not away ye gales that sound!
+  R apture be mute, nor breathe one sigh!
+  A ttentive angels hover round--
+  H eaven listens to his melody;
+  A nd all the spheres' harmonious strings
+  M ove in celestial strains when Braham sings!
+                                     G.J.T.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+This day is published, price 5s. with a Frontispiece, and thirty other
+Engravings, the
+
+ARCANA OF SCIENCE, AND ANNUAL REGISTER OF THE USEFUL ARTS, FOR 1829.
+
+The MECHANICAL department contains ONE HUNDRED New Inventions and
+Discoveries, with 14 _Engravings_.
+
+CHEMICAL, SEVENTY articles, with 2 _Engravings_.
+
+NATURAL HISTORY, 135 New Facts and Discoveries, with 7 _Engravings_.
+
+ASTRONOMICAL and METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA--35 articles--6 _Engravings_.
+
+AGRICULTURE, GARDENING, and RURAL ECONOMY, 100 _Articles_.
+
+DOMESTIC ECONOMY 50 _Articles_.
+
+USEFUL ARTS, 50 _Articles_.
+
+FINE ARTS.
+
+PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS.
+
+MISCELLANEOUS REGISTER, &c.
+
+"We hope the editor will publish a similar volume annually."--_Gardener's
+Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand. (near Somerset House,)
+London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and by all
+Newsmen and Booksellers_.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, No. 358, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
+
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