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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, Vol. 12, Issue 323, July 19, 1828, by Various
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol. 12,
+Issue 323, July 19, 1828
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: July 10, 2004  [eBook #12873]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE,
+AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION, VOL. 12, ISSUE 323, JULY 19, 1828***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, Susan Lucy, and  Project Gutenberg
+Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original illustration.
+      See 12873-h.htm or 12873-h.zip:
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+      or
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+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. 12, No. 323.] SATURDAY, JULY 19, 1828. [PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: COLUMBIA COLLEGE]
+
+   "It is intended that a large academy be erected, capable of
+    containing nine thousand seven hundred and forty-three
+    persons: which, by modest computation, is reckoned to be
+    pretty near the current number of wits in this island,"
+   --_Swift's Tale of a Tub._
+
+London is at length destined to become a seat of learning; or
+rather, a seminary as well as a focus and mart of literature:
+
+Instruction, manners, mysteries, and trades.
+
+One college is almost completed within her radius, and will be
+opened in a few weeks; whilst munificent subscriptions are pouring
+in from all quarters of the empire, towards the endowment of a
+second. We have hitherto been silent spectators of these grand
+strides in the intellectual advancement of our country; but we have
+not, on that account, been less sensible of the important benefits
+which they are calculated to work in her social scheme, and in
+
+    The nurture of her youth, her dearest pledge.
+
+We are not of those who would (even were Newton's theory
+practicable) compress the world into a nutshell, or neglect "aught
+toward the general good;" and one of our respected correspondents,
+who doubtless participates in these cosmopolitan sentiments, has
+furnished us with the original of the above view of COLOMBIA
+COLLEGE; seeing that this, like the universities of our own country,
+is equally important to "Prince Posterity," and accordingly we
+proceed with our correspondent's description.
+
+Colombia College, in the city of New York (of the principal building
+of which the annexed sketch is a correct representation) may be
+ranked among the chief seminaries of learning in America. It was
+principally founded by the voluntary contributions of the
+inhabitants of the province, assisted by the general assembly and
+corporation of Trinity Church, in 1754; at which time it was called
+King's College.
+
+A royal charter, and grant of money, was obtained, incorporating a
+number of gentlemen therein mentioned, by the name of "The Governors
+of the College of the province of New York, in the City of New
+York;" and granting to them and their successors for ever, among
+various other rights and privileges, the power of conferring such
+degrees as are usually conferred {34} by the English universities. The
+president and members to be of the church of England, and the form
+of prayer used to be collected from the Liturgy of the church of
+England.
+
+Since the revolution, the legislature passed an act, constituting
+twenty-one gentlemen, (of whom were the governor and
+lieutenant-governor for the time being,) a body corporate and
+politic, by the name of "the Regents of the University of the state
+of New York." They were entrusted with the care of the literature of
+the state, and a power to grant charters for erecting colleges and
+academies throughout the state.
+
+It received the name of Colombia College in 1787; when by an act of
+the legislature, it was placed under the care of twenty-four
+gentlemen, styled, "the trustees of the Colombian College," who
+possessed the same powers as those of King's College.
+
+In 1813, the College of Physicians and the Medical School were
+united; and the academical and medical departments are together
+styled "The University of New York." It is now well endowed and
+liberally patronized by the legislature of the state. The College
+consists of two handsome stone edifices, but the view given is but
+one-third of the originally intended structure, and contains a
+chapel, hall, library of 5,000 volumes, museum, anatomical theatre,
+and school for experimental philosophy.
+
+The Medical College is a large, brick building, containing an
+anatomical museum, chemical laboratory, mineralogical cabinet,
+museum of natural history, and a botanical garden, and nine medical
+professors. Every student pays to each professor from 15 to 25
+dollars per course.
+
+There are also professors of mathematics, natural philosophy,
+history, ancient and modern languages, logic, &c. The number of
+students in 1818 was 233, but it has now greatly increased. As many
+in each year as finish their course of study, walk in procession
+with the other students and all the professors, preceded by a band
+of music to St. Paul's church, where they deliver orations in
+English and Latin before a crowded assembly. This is called "a
+commencement."
+
+The situation is about 150 yards from the Hudson, of which, and the
+surrounding country it commands an extensive view. The whole is
+enclosed by a stone wall, with an area of several acres,
+interspersed with gravel walks, green plats, and full-grown trees.
+
+BETA.
+
+    _Note_.--All our readers may not be aware that the remains
+     of Two Literary Colleges still exist in London: _Gresham
+    College_ and _Sion College_--or we should say of one of them.
+    The first was founded and endowed by that excellent citizen
+    Sir Thomas Gresham. He was much opposed by the university of
+    Cambridge, which endeavoured to prevent the establishment of
+    a rival institution. (This was two centuries and a half ago.)
+    He devised by will, his house in Bishopsgate street, to be
+    converted into habitations and lecture-rooms for seven
+    professors or lecturers on seven liberal sciences, who were
+    to receive a salary out of the revenues of the Royal
+    Exchange. Gresham College was subsequently converted into the
+    modern general excise-office; but _the places_ are still
+    continued, with a double salary for the loss of apartments,
+    and the lectures are delivered gratuitously twice a day in a
+    small room in the Royal Exchange, during term-time. The will
+    of the founder has not, however, been actually carried into
+    execution. As we hate "solemn farce" and "ignorance in
+    stilts," we hope "scrutiny will not be stone blind" in this
+    matter. A more useful man than Sir Thomas Gresham is not to
+    be found in British biography, and it is painful to see his
+    good intentions frustrated.
+
+    _Sion College_ is situated near London Wall, to the south of
+    Fore-street. It was founded in 1623 by the rector of St.
+    Dunstan's in the west, for the London clergy. The whole body
+    of rectors and vicars within the city are fellows of this
+    college, and all the clergy in and near the metropolis may
+    have free access to its extensive and valuable library.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SUPERSTITIONS ON THE WEATHER.
+
+_From Sir H. Davy's Salmonia; or, Days of Fly-fishing.
+(In Conversations.)_
+
+    POIETES, a Tyro in Fly-fishing.--PHYSICUS, an uninitiated
+    Angler, fond of inquiries in natural history, &c.--HALIEUS,
+    an accomplished fly-fisher.--ORNITHER, a sporting gentleman.
+
+_Poietes_. I hope we shall have another good day to-morrow, for
+the clouds are red in the west.
+
+_Physicus_. I have no doubt of it, for the red has a tint of
+purple.
+
+_Halieus_. Do you know why this tint portends fine weather?
+
+_Phys_. The air, when dry, I believe, refracts more red, or
+heat-making rays; and as dry air is not perfectly transparent, they
+are again reflected in the horizon. I have generally observed a
+coppery or yellow sun-set to foretell rain; but, as an indication of
+wet weather approaching, nothing is more certain than a halo round
+the moon, which is produced by the precipitated water; and the
+larger the circle, the nearer the clouds, and consequently the more
+ready to fall.
+
+_Hal_. I have often observed that the old proverb is correct--
+
+  A rainbow in the morning is the shepherd's warning:
+  A rainbow at night is the shepherd's delight.
+
+Can you explain this omen?
+
+_Phys_. A rainbow can only occur when the clouds containing or
+depositing the rain are opposite to the sun,--and in the evening the
+rainbow is in the east, and in the morning in the west; and as our
+{35} heavy rains in this climate are usually brought by the westerly
+wind, a rainbow in the west indicates that the bad weather is on the
+road, by the wind, to us; whereas the rainbow in the east proves
+that the rain in these clouds is passing from us.
+
+_Poiet_. I have often observed, that when the swallows fly
+high, fine weather is to be expected or continued; but when they fly
+low, and close to the ground, rain is almost surely approaching. Can
+you account for this?
+
+_Hal_. Swallows follow the flies and gnats, and flies and gnats
+usually delight in warm strata of air; and as warm air is lighter,
+and usually moister, than cold air, when the warm strata of air are
+high, there is less chance of moisture being thrown down from them
+by the mixture with cold air; but when the warm and moist air is
+close to the surface, it is almost certain that, as the cold air
+flows down into it, a deposition of water will take place.
+
+_Poiet_. I have often seen sea-gulls assemble on the land, and
+have almost always observed that very stormy and rainy weather was
+approaching. I conclude that these animals, sensible of a current of
+air approaching from the ocean, retire to the land to shelter
+themselves from the storm.
+
+_Ornither_. No such thing. The storm is their element; and the
+little petrel enjoys the heaviest gale, because, living on the
+smaller sea-insects, he is sure to find his food in the spray of a
+heavy wave--and you may see him flitting above the edge of the
+highest surge. I believe that the reason of this migration of
+sea-gulls, and other sea-birds, to the land, is their security of
+finding food; and they may be observed, at this time, feeding
+greedily on the earth-worms and larva, driven out of the ground by
+severe floods: and the fish, on which they prey in fine weather in
+the sea, leave the surface and go deeper in storms. The search after
+food is the principal cause why animals change their places. The
+different tribes of the wading birds always migrate when rain is
+about to take place; and I remember once, in Italy, having been long
+waiting, in the end of March, for the arrival of the double snipe in
+the Campagna of Rome, a great flight appeared on the 3rd of April,
+and the day after heavy rain set in, which greatly interfered with
+my sport. The vulture, upon the same principle, follows armies; and
+I have no doubt that the augury of the ancients was a good deal
+founded upon the observation of the instincts of birds. There are
+many superstitions of the vulgar owing to the same source. For
+anglers, in spring, it is always unlucky to see single magpies,--but
+two may be always regarded as a favourable omen; and the reason is,
+that in cold and stormy weather, one magpie alone leaves the nest in
+search of food, the other remaining sitting upon the eggs or the
+young ones; but when two go out together, it is only when the
+weather is warm and mild, and favourable for fishing.
+
+_Poiet_. The singular connexions of causes and effects, to
+which you have just referred, make superstition less to be wondered
+at, particularly amongst the vulgar; and when two facts naturally
+unconnected, have been accidentally coincident, it is not singular
+that this coincidence should have been observed and registered, and
+that omens of the most absurd kind should be trusted in. In the west
+of England, half a century ago, a particular hollow noise on the
+sea-coast was referred to a spirit or goblin, called Bucca, and was
+supposed to foretell a shipwreck: the philosopher knows that sound
+travels much faster than currents in the air, and the sound always
+foretold the approach of a very heavy storm, which seldom takes
+place on that wild and rocky coast without a shipwreck on some part
+of its extensive shores, surrounded by the Atlantic.
+
+_Phys_. All the instances of omens you have mentioned are
+founded on reason; but how can you explain such absurdities as
+Friday being an unlucky day, the terror of spilling salt, or meeting
+an old woman? I knew a man of very high dignity, who was exceedingly
+moved by these omens, and who never went out shooting without a
+bittern's claw fastened to his button-hole by a riband, which he
+thought ensured him good luck.
+
+_Poiet_. These, as well as the omens of death-watches, dreams,
+&c., are for the most part founded upon some accidental
+coincidences; but spilling of salt, on an uncommon occasion, may, as
+I have known it, arise from a disposition to apoplexy, shown by an
+incipient numbness in the hand, and may be a fatal symptom; and
+persons, dispirited by bad omens, sometimes prepare the way for evil
+fortune; for confidence in success is a great means of ensuring it.
+The dream of Brutus, before the field of Pharsalia, probably
+produced a species of irresolution and despondency, which was the
+principal cause of his losing the battle: and I have heard that the
+illustrious sportsman to whom you referred just now, was always
+observed to shoot ill, because he shot carelessly, after one of his
+dispiriting omens.
+
+_Hal_. I have in life met with a few {36} things which I found
+it impossible to explain, either by chance coincidences or by
+natural connexions; and I have known minds of a very superior class
+affected by them,--persons in the habit of reasoning deeply and
+profoundly.
+
+_Phys_. In my opinion, profound minds are the most likely to
+think lightly of the resources of human reason; and it is the pert,
+superficial thinker, who is generally strongest in every kind of
+unbelief. The deep philosopher sees chains of causes and effects so
+wonderfully and strangely linked together, that he is usually the
+last person to decide upon the impossibility of any two series of
+events being independent of each other; and in sciences, so many
+natural miracles, as it were, have been brought to light,--such as
+the fall of stones from meteors in the atmosphere, the disarming of
+a thunder-cloud by a metallic point, the production of fire from ice
+by a metal white as silver, and referring certain laws of motion of
+the sea to the moon,--that the physical inquirer is seldom disposed
+to assert, confidently, on any abstruse subjects belonging to the
+order of natural things, and still less so on those relating to the
+more mysterious relations of moral events and intellectual natures.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DEVIL'S HOLE, KIRBY STEPHEN.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+At about three quarters of a mile east of Kirby Stephen,
+Westmoreland, is a bridge of solid rock, known by the name of
+_Staincroft Bridge_ or Stonecroft Bridge, under which runs a
+small but fathomless rivulet. The water roars and gushes through the
+surrounding rocks and precipices with such violence, as almost to
+deafen the visitor. Three or four yards from the bridge is an
+immense abyss, where the waters "incessantly roar," which goes by
+the name of _Devil's Hole_; the tradition of which is, that two
+lovers were swallowed up in this frightful gulf. The neighbouring
+peasants tell a tale of one _Deville_, a lover, who, through
+revenge, plunged his fair mistress into these waters, and afterwards
+followed her. How far this story may get belief, I know not; but
+such they aver is the truth, while they mournfully lament the sad
+affair.--They point out a small hole in the bank where you may hear
+the waters dashing with fury against the projecting rocks. This,
+some imagine to be the noise of infernal spirits, who have taken up
+their abode in this tremendous abyss; while others persist in their
+opinion, that the lover's name was _Deville_, and that it
+retains his name to this day, in commemoration of the horrid deed.
+
+I have seen, and taken a view of the frightful place, which may
+rather be imagined than described. One part of the water was
+formerly so narrow, that a wager was laid by a gentleman that he
+could span it with the thumb and little finger, and which he would
+have accomplished, but his adversary, getting up in the night time,
+chipped a piece off the rock with a hammer, and thus won the wager.
+It is now, however, little more than from a foot and a half, to two
+feet broad, excepting at the falls and _Devil's Hole_. The
+water runs into the Eden at the distance of about a mile or two from
+Staincroft Bridge. Trout are caught with the line and net in great
+quantities, and are particularly fine here.
+
+W.H.H.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+ANECDOTES OF A TAMED PANTHER.
+
+BY MRS. BOWDICH.
+
+
+    [Mrs. Bowdich is the widow of Mr. Thomas Edward Bowdich,
+    who fell a victim to his enterprize in exploring the
+    interior of Africa, in 1824. Mr. B. was a profound classic
+    and linguist and member of several learned societies in
+    England and abroad. In 1819 he published, in a quarto
+    volume, his "Mission to Ashantee," a work of the highest
+    importance and interest. Mrs. B., whose pencil has
+    furnished embellishments for her husband's literary
+    productions, has published "Excursions to Madeira, &c.,"
+    and this amiable and accomplished lady has now in course
+    of publication, a work on the Fresh-water Fishes of Great
+    Britain.--The subsequent anecdotes are of equal interest
+    to the student of natural history and the general reader,
+    especially as they exhibit the habits and disposition of
+    the Panther in a new light. The Ounce, a variety of the
+    Panther is, however, easily tamed and trained to the chase
+    of deer, the gazelle, &c.--for which purpose it has long
+    been employed in the East, and also during the middle ages
+    in Italy and France.--Mr. Kean, the tragedian, a few years
+    since, had a tame _Puma_, or American Lion, which he
+    kept at his house in Clarges-street, Piccadilly, and
+    frequently introduced to large parties of company.--ED.]
+
+I am induced to send you some account of a panther which was in my
+possession for several months. He and another were found when very
+young in the forest, apparently deserted by their mother. They were
+taken to the king of Ashantee, in whose palace they lived several
+weeks, when my hero, being much larger than his companion, suffocated
+him in a fit of romping, and was then sent to Mr. Hutchison, the
+resident left by Mr. Bowdich at Coomassie. This gentleman, observing
+that the animal was very docile, took pains to tame him, and in a great
+measure succeeded. When he was about a year old, Mr. Hutchison returned
+to Cape Coast, and had him led through the country by a chain,
+occasionally letting {37} him loose when eating was going forward, when
+he would sit by his master's side, and receive his share with
+comparative gentleness. Once or twice he purloined a fowl, but easily
+gave it up to Mr. Hutchison, on being allowed a portion of something
+else. The day of his arrival he was placed in a small court, leading to
+the private rooms of the governor, and after dinner was led by a thin
+cord into the room, where he received our salutations with some degree
+of roughness, but with perfect good-humour. On the least encouragement
+he laid his paws upon our shoulders, rubbed his head upon us, and his
+teeth and claws having been filed, there was no danger of tearing our
+clothes. He was kept in the above court for a week or two, and evinced
+no ferocity, except when one of the servants tried to pull his food
+from him; he then caught the offender by the leg, and tore out a piece
+of flesh, but he never seemed to owe him any ill-will afterwards. He
+one morning broke his cord, and, the cry being given, the castle gates
+were shut, and a chase commenced. After leading his pursuers two or
+three times round the ramparts, and knocking over a few children by
+bouncing against them, he suffered himself to be caught, and led
+quietly back to his quarters, under one of the guns of the fortress.
+
+By degrees the fear of him subsided, and orders having been given to
+the sentinels to prevent his escape through the gates, he was left at
+liberty to go where he pleased, and a boy was appointed to prevent him
+from intruding into the apartments of the officers. His keeper,
+however, generally passed his watch in sleeping; and Saï, as the
+panther was called, after the royal giver, roamed at large. On one
+occasion he found his servant sitting on the step of the door, upright,
+but fast asleep, when he lifted his paw, gave him a blow on the side of
+his head which laid him flat, and then stood wagging his tail, as if
+enjoying the mischief he had committed. He became exceedingly attached
+to the governor, and followed him every-where like a dog. His favourite
+station was at a window of the sitting-room, which overlooked the whole
+town; there, standing on his hind legs, his fore paws resting on the
+ledge of the window, and his chin laid between them, he appeared to
+amuse himself with what was passing beneath. The children also stood
+with him at the window; and one day, finding his presence an
+encumbrance, and that they could not get their chairs close, they used
+their united efforts to pull him down by the tail. He one morning
+missed the governor, who was settling a dispute in the hall, and who,
+being surrounded by black people, was hidden from the view of his
+favourite. Saï wandered with a dejected look to various parts of the
+fortress in search of him; and, while absent on this errand, the
+audience ceased, the governor returned to his private rooms, and seated
+himself at a table to write. Presently he heard a heavy step coming up
+the stairs, and, raising his eyes to the open door, he beheld Saï. At
+that moment he gave himself up for lost, for Saï immediately sprang
+from the door on to his neck. Instead, however, of devouring him, he
+laid his head close to the governor's, rubbed his cheek upon his
+shoulder, wagged his tail, and tried to evince his happiness.
+Occasionally, however, the panther caused a little alarm to the other
+inmates of the castle, and the poor woman who swept the floors, or, to
+speak technically, the _pra-pra_ woman, was made ill by her fright. She
+was one day sweeping the boards of the great hall with a short broom,
+and in an attitude nearly approaching to all-fours, and Saï, who was
+hidden under one of the sofas, suddenly leaped upon her back, where he
+stood in triumph. She screamed so violently as to summon the other
+servants, but they, seeing the panther, as they thought, in the act of
+swallowing her, one and all scampered off as quickly as possible; nor
+was she released till the governor, who heard the noise, came to her
+assistance. Strangers were naturally uncomfortable when they saw so
+powerful a beast at perfect liberty, and many were the ridiculous
+scenes which took place, they not liking to own their alarm, yet
+perfectly unable to retain their composure in his presence.
+
+This interesting animal was well fed twice every day, but never given
+any thing with life in it. He stood about two feet high, and was of a
+dark yellow colour, thickly spotted with black rosettes, and from the
+good feeding and the care taken to clean him, his skin shone like silk.
+The expression of his countenance was very animated and good-tempered,
+and he was particularly gentle to children; he would lie down on the
+mats by their side when they slept, and even the infant shared his
+caresses, and remained unhurt. During the period of his residence at
+Cape Coast, I was much occupied by making arrangements for my departure
+from Africa, but generally visited my future companion every day, and
+we, in consequence, became great friends before we sailed. He was
+conveyed on board the vessel in a large, wooden cage, thickly barred in
+the front with iron. {38} Even this confinement was not deemed a
+sufficient protection by the canoe men,[1] who were so alarmed at
+taking him from the shore to the vessel, that, in their confusion, they
+dropped cage and all into the sea. For a few minutes I gave up my poor
+panther as lost, but some sailors jumped into a boat belonging to the
+vessel, and dragged him out in safety. The beast himself seemed
+completely subdued by his ducking, and as no one dared to open his cage
+to dry it, he rolled himself up in one corner, nor roused himself till
+after an interval of some days, when he recognised my voice. When I
+first spoke, he raised his head, held it on one side, then on the
+other, to listen; and when I came fully into his view, he jumped on his
+legs, and appeared frantic; he rolled himself over and over, he howled,
+he opened his enormous jaws and cried, and seemed as if he would have
+torn his cage to pieces. However, as his violence subsided, he
+contented himself with thrusting his paws and nose through the bars of
+the cage, to receive my caresses.
+
+The greatest treat I could bestow upon my favourite was lavender water.
+Mr. Hutchison had told me that, on the way from Ashantee, he drew a
+scented handkerchief from his pocket, which was immediately seized on
+by the panther, who reduced it to atoms; nor could he venture to open a
+bottle of perfume when the animal was near, he was so eager to enjoy
+it. I indulged him twice a week by making a cup of stiff paper, pouring
+a little lavender water into it, and giving it to him through the bars
+of his cage: he would drag it to him with great eagerness, roll himself
+over it, nor rest till the smell had evaporated. By this I taught him
+to put out his paws without showing his nails, always refusing the
+lavender water till he had drawn them back again; and in a short time
+he never, on any occasion, protruded his claws when offering me his
+paw.
+
+We lay eight weeks in the river Gaboon, where he had plenty of
+excellent food, but was never suffered to leave his cage, on account of
+the deck being always filled with black strangers, to whom he had a
+very decided aversion, although he was perfectly reconciled to white
+people. His indignation, however, was constantly excited by the pigs,
+when they were suffered to run past his cage; and the sight of one of
+the monkeys put him in a complete fury. While at anchor in the
+before-mentioned river, an orang-outang (Símia Sátyrus) was brought for
+sale, and lived three days on board; and I shall never forget the
+uncontrollable rage of the one, or the agony of the other, at this
+meeting. The orang was about three feet high, and very powerful in
+proportion to his size; so that when he fled with extraordinary
+rapidity from the panther to the further end of the deck, neither men
+nor things remained upright when they opposed his progress: there he
+took refuge in a sail, and although generally obedient to the voice of
+his master, force was necessary to make him quit the shelter of its
+folds. As to the panther, his back rose in an arch, his tail was
+elevated and perfectly stiff, his eyes flashed, and, as he howled, he
+showed his huge teeth; then, as if forgetting the bars before him, he
+tried to spring on the orang, to tear him to atoms. It was long before
+he recovered his tranquillity; day and night he appeared to be on the
+listen; and the approach of a large monkey we had on board, or the
+intrusion of a black man, brought a return of his agitation.
+
+We at length sailed for England, with an ample supply of provisions;
+but, unhappily, we were boarded by pirates during the voyage, and
+nearly reduced to starvation. My panther must have perished had it not
+been for a collection of more than three hundred parrots, with which we
+sailed from the river, and which died very fast while we were in the
+northwest trades. Saï's allowance was one per diem, but this was so
+scanty a pittance that he became ravenous, and had not patience to pick
+all the feathers off before he commenced his meal. The consequence was,
+that he became very ill, and refused even this small quantity of food.
+Those around tried to persuade me that he suffered from the colder
+climate; but his dry nose and paw convinced me that he was feverish,
+and I had him taken out of his cage; when, instead of jumping about and
+enjoying his liberty, he lay down, and rested his head upon my feet. I
+then made him three pills, each containing two grains of calomel. The
+boy who had the charge of him, and who was much attached to him, held
+his jaws open, and I pushed the medicine down his throat. Early the
+next morning I went to visit my patient, and found his guard sleeping
+in the cage with him; and having administered a further dose to the
+invalid, I had the satisfaction of seeing him perfectly cured by the
+evening. On the arrival of the vessel in the London Docks, Saï was
+taken ashore, and presented to the Duchess of York, who placed him in
+Exeter Change, to be taken care of, till she herself went to Oatlands.
+He {39} remained there for some weeks, and was suffered to roam about
+the greater part of the day without any restraint. On the morning
+previous to the Duchess's departure from town, she went to visit her
+new pet, played with him, and admired his healthy appearance and gentle
+deportment. In the evening, when her Royal Highness' coachman went to
+take him away, he was dead, in consequence of an inflammation on his
+lungs--_Loudon's Magazine of Natural History._
+
+[1: The panther in these countries is a sacred, or Fetish,
+    animal; and not only a heavy fine is extorted from those
+    who kill one, but the Fetish is supposed to revenge his
+    death by cursing the offender.]
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Manners & Customs of all Nations.
+
+SACRAMENTAL BREAD.
+
+
+The church of Rome, in the height of its power, was extremely
+scrupulous in all that related to the sacramental bread. According
+to Steevens, in his _Monasticon_, they first chose the wheat,
+grain by grain, and washed it very carefully. Being put into a bag,
+appointed only for that use, a servant, known to be a just man,
+carried it to the mill, worked the grindstones, covering them with
+curtains above and below; and having put on himself an albe, covered
+his face with a veil, nothing but his eyes appearing. The same
+precaution was used with the meal. It was not baked till it had been
+well washed; and the warden of the church, if he were either priest
+or deacon, finished the work, being assisted by two other religious
+men, who were in the same orders, and by a lay brother, particularly
+appointed for that business. These four monks, when matins were
+ended, washed their faces and hands. The three first of them put on
+albes; one of them washed the meal with pure, clean water, and the
+other two baked the hosts in the iron moulds. So great was the
+veneration and respect, say their historians, the monks of Cluni
+paid to the Eucharist! Even at this day, in the country, the baker
+who prepares the sacramental wafer, must be appointed and authorized
+to do it by the Catholic bishop of the district, as appears by the
+advertisement inserted in that curious book, published annually,
+_The Catholic Laity's Directory_.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+FOSTER CHILDREN.
+
+
+There still remains in the Hebrides, though it is passing fast away,
+the custom of fosterage. A laird, a man of wealth and eminence,
+sends his child, either male or female, to a tacksman or tenant to
+be fostered. It is not always his own tenant, but some distant
+friend that obtains this honour; for an honour such a trust is very
+reasonably thought. The terms of fosterage seem to vary in different
+islands. In Mull, the father sends with his child a certain number
+of cows, to which the same number is added by the fosterer. The
+father appropriates a proportionable extent of ground, without rent,
+for their pasturage. If every cow bring a calf, half belongs to the
+fosterer, and half to the child; but if there be only one calf
+between two cows, it is the child's; and when the child returns to
+the parents, it is accompanied with all the cows given, both by the
+father and by the fosterer, with half of the increase of the stock
+by propagation. These beasts are considered as a portion, and called
+_Macalive_ cattle, &c.
+
+Children continue with the fosterer perhaps six years; and cannot,
+where this is the practice, be considered as burdensome. The
+fosterer, if he gives four cows, receives likewise four, and has,
+while the child continues with him, grass for eight without rent,
+with half the calves, and all the milk, for which he pays only four
+cows, when he dismisses his _dalt_, for that is the name for a
+fostered child.--_Johnson's Journey_.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE IRISH PEOPLE.
+
+
+Holinshed, speaking of the Irish, observes:--"Greedy of praise they
+be, and fearful of dishonour; and to this end they esteem their
+poets, who write Irish learnedly, and pen their sonnets heroical,
+for the which they are bountifully rewarded; if not, they send out
+libels in dispraise, whereof the lords and gentlemen stand in great
+awe. They love tenderly their foster children, and bequeath to them
+a child's fortune, whereby they nourish sure friendship,--so
+beneficent every way, that commonly 500 cows and better are given in
+reward to win a nobleman's child to foster; they love and trust
+their foster children more than their own. Proud they are of long
+crisped bushes of hair, which they term _libs_. They observe
+divers degrees, according to which each man is regarded. The basest
+sort among them are little young wasps, called _daltins_: these
+are lacqueys, and are serviceable to the grooms, or horseboys, who
+are a degree above the daltins. The third degree is the
+_kaerne_, which is an ordinary soldier, using for weapon his
+sword and target, and sometimes his piece, being commonly so good
+marksmen, as they will come within a score of a great cartele. The
+fourth degree is a _gallowglass_, using a kind of poll-axe for
+his weapon, strong, robust men, chiefly feeding on beef, pork, and
+butter. The fifth degree is to be a horseman, which is the {40}
+chiefest, next to the lord and captain. These horsemen, when they
+have no stay of their own, gad and range from house to house, and
+never dismount till they ride into the hall, and as far as the
+tables."
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MARRIAGE.
+
+The minister of Logierait, in Perthshire, in his statistical account
+of that parish, supplies us with the following curious information
+on this and other marriage ceremonies:--"Immediately before the
+celebration of the marriage ceremony, every knot about the bride and
+bridegroom (garters, shoe-strings, strings of petticoats, &c.) is
+carefully loosed. After leaving the church, the whole company walk
+round it, keeping the church walls always upon the right hand; the
+bridegroom, however, first retires one way, with some young men, to
+tie the knots that were loosened about him, while the young married
+woman, in the same manner, retires somewhere else to adjust the
+disorder of her dress."
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NEEDFIRE.
+
+The following extract contains a distinct and interesting account of
+this very ancient superstition, as used in Caithness:
+
+"In 1788, when the stock of any considerable farmer was seized with
+the murrain, he would send for one of the charm doctors to
+superintend the raising of a _needfire_. It was done by
+friction, thus: upon any small island, where the stream of a river
+or burn ran on each side, a circular booth was erected, of stone and
+turf, as it could be had, in which a semicircular or highland couple
+of birch, or other hard wood, was set; and, in short, a roof closed
+on it. A straight pole was set up in the centre of this building,
+the upper end fixed by a wooden pin to the top of the couple, and
+the lower end in an oblong _trink_ in the earth or floor; and
+lastly, another pole was set across horizontally, having both ends
+tapered, one end of which was supported in a hole in the side of the
+perpendicular pole, and the other end in a similar hole in the
+couple leg. The horizontal stick was called the auger, having four
+short arms or levers fixed in its centre, to work it by; the
+building having been thus finished, as many men as could be
+collected in the vicinity, (being divested of all kinds of metal in
+their clothes, &c.) would set to work with the said auger, two after
+two, constantly turning it round by the arms or levers, and others
+occasionally driving wedges of wood or stone behind the lower end of
+the upright pole, so as to press it the more on the end of the
+auger; by this constant friction and pressure, the ends of the auger
+would take fire, from which a fire would be instantly kindled, and
+thus the _needfire_ would be accomplished. The fire in the
+farmer's house, &c. was immediately quenched with water, a fire
+kindled from this _needfire_, both in the farm-house and
+offices, and the cattle brought to feel the smoke of this new and
+sacred fire, which preserved them from the murrain. So much for
+superstition.--It is handed down by tradition, that the ancient
+Druids superintended a similar ceremony of raising a sacred fire,
+annually, on the first day of May. That day is still, both in the
+Gaelic and Irish dialects, called _Lâ-bealtin, i.e._ the day
+of Baal's fire, or the fire dedicated to Baal, or the sun."
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+UNSPOKEN WATER.
+
+In Scotland, water from under a bridge, over which the living pass
+and the dead are carried, brought in the dawn or twilight to the
+house of a sick person, without the bearer's speaking, either in
+going or returning, is called _Unspoken Water_.
+
+The modes of application are various. Sometimes the invalid takes
+three draughts of it before anything is spoken. Sometimes it is
+thrown over the houses the vessel in which it was contained being
+thrown after it. The superstitious believe this to be one of the
+most powerful charms that can be employed for restoring a sick
+person to health.
+
+The purifying virtue attributed to water, by almost all nations, is
+so well known as to require no illustration. Some special virtue has
+still been ascribed to silence in the use of charms, exorcisms, &c.
+I recollect, says Mr. Jamieson, being assured at Angus, that a
+Popish priest in that part of the country, who was supposed to
+possess great power in curing those who were deranged, and in
+exorcising demoniacs, would, if called to see a patient, on no
+account utter a single word on his way, or after arriving at the
+house, till he had by himself gone through all his appropriate forms
+in order to effect a cure. Whether this practice might be founded on
+our Lord's injunction to the Seventy, expressive of the diligence he
+required, Luke x. 4, "Salute no man by the way," or borrowed from
+heathen superstition, it is impossible to ascertain. We certainly
+know that the Romans viewed silence as of the utmost importance in
+their sacred rites. Hence the phrase of Virgil,---
+
+  "Fida silentia sacris."
+
+_Fauere sacris, fauere linguis_, and {41}_pascere
+linguam_, were forms of speech appropriated to their sacred
+rites, by which they enjoined silence, that the act of worship might
+not be disturbed by the slightest noise or murmur. Hence also they
+honoured Harpocrates as the god of silence; and Numa instituted the
+worship of a goddess under the name of _Tacita_.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF DISCOVERY
+
+FILTERING APPARATUS.
+
+
+_(To the Editor of the Mirror.)_
+
+[Illustration:
+A A. The Pot.
+B B. The Triangular Board.
+C.   The Cover.
+D.   Vessel to receive the Filtered Water.
+E.   Dotted Line, showing the Proportion of
+     Charcoal and Sand.]
+
+Herewith I send you an outline drawing of an economical filtering
+apparatus, suitable for the use of any dwelling. Its construction is
+perfectly simple, and at the cost of a few shillings in its
+erection. The pot consists of an unglazed inverted vessel,
+manufactured at potteries for the use of sugar-bakers, and placed
+through a hole in a triangular board, resting upon two ledges,
+occupying a corner in a kitchen or any other apartment. In the
+inside of the pot a bushel of the whitest sand is to be introduced;
+which sand, after being washed in a clean tub with about three
+changes of water, to dissolve and clear away the clayey matter, is
+to be mixed with half a peck of finely-bruised charcoal. This will
+fill about one-third of the pot; but before the sand is placed in
+the vessel, the small hole at the bottom of the pot should have an
+oyster-shell placed over it, with the convex side uppermost, to
+prevent the sand washing through. This filters foul water perfectly
+pellucid and clear very quickly, as I have seen its effects for
+years with the most perfect success. When the sand becomes foul by
+time, it can be taken out and washed, or fresh materials can be
+repeated; great care should be observed not to put more water in the
+pot than your vessel underneath will receive.
+
+JNO. FIELD.
+
+*       *       *       *       *
+
+
+_Effects of Lightning_.
+
+
+The analogy between the electric spark, and more especially of the
+explosive discharge of the Leyden jar, with atmospheric lightning
+and thunder, is too obvious to have escaped notice, even in the
+early periods of electrical research. It had been observed by Dr.
+Wall and by Gray, and still more pointedly remarked by the Abbé
+Nollet. Dr. Franklin was so impressed with the many points of
+resemblance between lightning and electricity, that he was convinced
+of their identity, and determined to ascertain by direct experiment
+the truth of his bold conjecture. A spire which was erecting at
+Philadelphia he conceived might assist him in this inquiry; but,
+while waiting for its completion, the sight of a boy's kite, which
+had been raised for amusement, immediately suggested to him a more
+ready method of attaining his object. Having constructed a kite by
+stretching a large silk handkerchief over two sticks in the form of
+a cross, on the first appearance of an approaching storm, in June
+1752, he went out into a field, accompanied by his son, to whom
+alone he had imparted his design. Having raised his kite, and
+attached a key to the lower end of the hempen string, he insulated
+it by fastening it to a post, by means of silk, and waited with
+intense anxiety for the result. A considerable time elapsed without
+the apparatus giving any sign of electricity, even although a dense
+cloud, apparently charged with lightning, had passed over the spot
+on which they stood. Franklin was just beginning to despair of
+success, when his attention was caught by the bristling up of some
+loose fibres on the hempen cord; he immediately presented his
+knuckle to the key, and received an electric spark. Overcome with
+the emotion {42} inspired by this decisive evidence of the great
+discovery he had achieved, he heaved a deep sigh, and conscious of
+an immortal name, felt that he could have been content if that
+moment had been his last. The rain now fell in torrents, and wetting
+the string, rendered it conducting in its whole length; so that
+electric sparks were now collected from it in great abundance.
+
+It should be noticed, however, that about a month before Franklin
+had made these successful trials, some philosophers, in particular
+Dalibard and De Lors, had obtained similar results in France, by
+following the plan recommended by Franklin. But the glory of the
+discovery is universally given to Franklin, as it was from his
+suggestions that the methods of attaining it were originally
+derived.
+
+This important discovery was prosecuted with great ardour by
+philosophers in every part of Europe. The first experimenters
+incurred considerable risk in their attempts to draw down
+electricity from the clouds, as was soon proved by the fatal
+catastrophe, which, on the 6th of August, 1753, befel Professor
+Richman, of Petersburg. He had constructed an apparatus for
+observations on atmospherical electricity, and was attending a
+meeting of the Academy of Sciences, when the sound of distant
+thunder caught his ear. He immediately hastened home, taking with
+him his engraver, Sokolow, in order that he might delineate the
+appearances that should present themselves. While intent upon
+examining the electrometer, a large globe of fire flashed from the
+conducting rod, which was insulated, to the head of Richman, and
+passing through his body, instantly deprived him of life. A red spot
+was found on his forehead, where the electricity had entered, his
+shoe was burst open, and part of his clothes singed. His companion
+was struck down, and remained senseless for some time; the door-case
+of the room was split, and the door itself torn off its hinges.
+
+The protection of buildings from the effects of lightning, is the
+most important practical application of the theory of electricity.
+Conductors for this should be formed of metallic rods, pointed at
+the upper extremity, and placed so as to project a few feet above
+the highest part of the building they are intended to secure; they
+should be continued without interruption till they descend into the
+ground, below the foundation of the house. Copper is preferable to
+iron as the material for their construction, being less liable to
+destruction by rust, or by fusion, and possessing also a greater
+conducting power. The size of the rods should be from half an inch
+to an inch in diameter, and the point should be gilt, or made of
+platina, that it may be more effectually preserved from corrosion.
+An important condition in the protecting conductor is, that no
+interruption should exist in its continuity from top to bottom; and
+advantage will result from connecting together by strips of metal
+all the leaden water pipes, or other considerable masses of metal in
+or about the building, so as to form one continuous system of
+conductors, for carrying the electricity by different channels to
+the ground. The lower end of the conductors should be carried down
+into the earth till it reaches either water, or at least a moist
+stratum.--_Library of Useful Knowledge._
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+The Sketch-Book.
+
+THE MYSTERIOUS TAILOR.
+
+_A Romance of High Holborn._
+
+
+It came to pass that, towards the close of 1826, I found occasion to
+change my tailor, and by chance, or the recommendation of friends--I
+cannot now remember which--applied to one who vegetated in that
+particular region of the metropolis where the rivers of
+Museum-street and Drury-lane (to adopt the language of metaphor)
+flow into and form the capacious estuary of High Holborn. Whoever
+has sailed along, or cast anchor in this confluence, must have seen
+the individual I allude to. He sits--I should perhaps say sat,
+inasmuch as he is since defunct--bolt upright, with a pen behind his
+ear, in the centre of a dingy, spectral-looking shop, quaintly hung
+round with clothes, of divers forms and patterns, in every stage of
+existence--from the first crude conception of the incipient surtout
+or pantaloons, down to the last glorious touch that immortalizes the
+artist. His figure is slim and undersized; his cheeks are sallow,
+with two furrows on each side his nose, filled not unfrequently with
+snuff; his eyes project like lobsters', and cast their shifting
+glances about with a vague sort of mysterious intelligence; and his
+voice--his startling, solemn, unearthly voice--seems hoarse with
+sepulchral vapours, and puts forth its tones like the sighing of the
+wind among tombs. With regard to his dress, it is in admirable
+keeping with his countenance. He wears a black coat, fashioned in
+the mould of other times, with large cloth buttons and flowing
+skirts; drab inexpressibles, fastened at the knee with brass
+buckles; gaiters, which, reaching no higher than the calf of the
+leg, set up independent claims to eccentricity and exact
+consideration on their own account; creaking, square-toed shoes; and
+a hat, broad in front, pinched up at the sides, verging to an angle
+behind, and worn close over the forehead, with the lower part
+resting on the nose. His manner is equally peculiar; it cannot be
+called vulgar, nor yet genteel--for it is too passive for the one,
+and too pompous for the other; it forms, say, a sort of compromise
+between the two, with a slight infusion of pedantry that greatly
+adds to its effect.
+
+On reaching this oddity's abode, I at once proceeded to business;
+and was promised, in reply, the execution of my order on the
+customary terms of credit. Thus far is strictly natural. The clothes
+came home, and so, with admirable punctuality, did the bill; but the
+death of a valued friend having withdrawn me, soon afterwards, from
+London, six months elapsed; at the expiration of which time I was
+refreshed, as agreed on, by a pecuniary application from my tailor.
+Perhaps I should here mention, to the better understanding of my
+tale, that I am a medical practitioner, of somewhat nervous
+temperament, derived partly from inheritance, and partly from an
+inveterate indulgence of the imagination. My income, too--which
+seldom or never encumbers a surgeon who has not yet done walking the
+hospitals--is limited, and, at this present period, was so far
+contracted as to keep me in continual suspense. In this predicament
+my tailor's memorandum was any thing but satisfactory. I wrote
+accordingly to entreat his forbearance for six months longer, and,
+as I received no reply, concluded that all was satisfactorily
+arranged. Unluckily, however, as I was strolling, about a month
+afterwards, along the Strand, I chanced to stumble up against him.
+The shock seemed equally unexpected on both sides; but my tailor (as
+being a dun) was the first to recover self-possession; and, with a
+long preliminary hem!--a mute, but expressive compound of
+remonstrance, apology, and resolution--opened his fire as follows:--
+
+"I believe, sir, your name is D----?"
+
+"I believe it is, sir."
+
+"Well, then, Mr. D----, touching that little account between us, I
+have to request, sir, that--"
+
+"Very good; nothing can be more reasonable; wait the appointed time,
+and you shall have all."
+
+This answer served, in some degree, to appease him; no, not exactly
+to appease him, because that would imply previous excitement, and he
+was invariably imperturbable in manner; it satisfied him, however,
+for the present, and he forthwith walked away, casting on me that
+equivocal sort of look with which Ajax turned from Ulysses, or Dido
+from Æneas, in the Shades.
+
+A lapse of a few weeks ensued, during which I heard nothing further
+from my persecutor; when, one dark November evening--one of those
+peculiarly English evenings, full of fog and gloom, when the
+half-frozen sleet, joined in its descent by gutters from the
+house-tops, comes driving full in your face, blinding you to all
+external objects--on one of these blessed evenings, on my road to
+Camden Town, I chanced to miss my way, and was compelled,
+notwithstanding a certain shyness towards strangers, to ask my
+direction of the first respectable person I should meet. Many passed
+me by, but none sufficiently prepossessing; when, on turning down
+some nameless street that leads to Tottenham Court-road, I chanced
+to come behind a staid-looking gentleman, accoutred in a dark brown
+coat, with an umbrella--the cotton of which had shrunk half-way up
+the whalebone--held obliquely over his head. Hastily stepping up to
+him, "Pray, sir," said I, "could you be kind enough to direct me to
+---- place, Camden Town?"
+
+The unknown, thus addressed, made the slightest possible inclination
+towards me; and then, in an under tone, "I believe, sir, your name
+is D----?"
+
+I paused; a vague sort of recollection came over me. Could it
+be?--no, surely not! And yet the voice--the manner--the--the--
+
+My suspicions were soon converted into certainty, when the stranger,
+with his own peculiar expression, quietly broke forth a second time
+with, "Touching that little account--"
+
+This was enough; it was more than enough--it was vexatiously
+superfluous. To be dunned for a debt, at the very time when the
+nerves could best dispense with the application; to be recalled back
+to the vulgarities of existence, at that precise moment when the
+imagination was most abstracted from all commercial common-places;
+to be stopped by a tailor, (and such a tailor!) when the mind was
+dreaming of a mistress--the bare idea was intolerable! So I thought;
+and, without further explanation, hurried precipitately from the
+spot, nor ever once paused till far removed from the husky tones of
+that sepulchral voice which had once before so highly excited my
+annoyance.
+
+[The narrater then visits one of Mr. Champagne Wright's masquerades,
+where he falls in love with a _fresco_ nun. He receives a
+billet.]
+
+
+I stood like one bewildered; but, soon recovering my self-possession,
+moved direct towards the chandelier, with a view to peruse an
+epistle expressive of woman's fondest love. As with glistening
+eyes I proceeded to tear open the billet, a flood of transporting
+thoughts swept over me. I fancied that I was on the eve of
+acquaintance with ----; but, judge my astonishment, when, instead
+of the expected document, the key to such transporting bliss, I
+read, engraved in large German text, on a dirty square card,
+embossed at the edge with flowers, the revolting, business-like
+address of
+
+
+  Mr. Thomas M----e,
+       Tailor,
+  116, High Holborn.
+
+
+It so happened that, the next day, I dined with C----. Of course the
+masquerade, and with that the tailor, were the first topics of
+conversation between us. Both allowed that the circumstances
+respecting his late appearance were uncommon; but there, with my
+friend, the matter ended: with me it was a more enduring subject for
+reflection; and, after a night kept up till a late hour over a bowl
+of C----'s most faultless punch, I set out, moody and apprehensive,
+to my humble abode. By this time it was past three o'clock; the
+streets were nearly all deserted.--While thoughtfully plodding
+onwards, a sudden noise from the Holborn end of Drury-lane took my
+attention; it evidently proceeded from a row--a systematic,
+scientific row; and, indeed, as I drew near the scene of action, I
+could distinctly hear the watchman's oaths blending in deep chorus
+with the treble of some dozen or two valorous exquisites.
+
+I felt certain rising abstract ideas of pugnacity, and conceived
+myself bound to indulge them on the first head and shoulders I
+should meet. This spirit brought me at once into the thick of the
+fight, and, before I was well aware of my proximity, I found myself
+fast anchored alongside a veteran watchman, with a pigtail and half
+a nose. The conflict now commenced in good earnest; there were few
+or no attempts at favouritism; the blows of one friend told equally
+well on the scull of another; watchman assaulted watchman with a
+zeal respectable for its sincerity; and, indeed, had these last been
+any thing more than a bundle of old coats and oaths, they would most
+undoubtedly have drubbed each other into a better world. After a
+lively and well-sustained affair of about twenty minutes, a squadron
+of auxiliary watchmen arrived, and, with some difficulty, deposited
+us all safely in the watch-house. And here the very first person
+that met my gaze--seated, with due regard to dignity, in an
+arm-chair, a pair of spectacles on his nose, a glass of
+brandy-and-water by his side, and a newspaper, redolent of cheese,
+before him--was the constable of the night--the nun of the
+masquerade--the Mysterious Tailor of High Holborn! The wretch's eyes
+gleamed with a savage but subdued joy at the recognition; a low,
+chuckling laugh escaped him; while his dull countenance, made doubly
+revolting by the dim light of the watch-house, fell, fixed and
+scowling, upon me, as he pointed towards the spot where I
+stood.--"Dobson," he exclaimed; and, at the word, forth stepped the
+owner of this melodious appellative, with "this here man."--Luckily,
+before he could finish his charge, a five-shilling-piece, which I
+thrust into his unsuspecting palm, created a diversion among the
+watchmen in my behalf; under favour of which, while my arch enemy
+was adjusting his books, I contrived to escape from his detested
+presence.
+
+It happened that about a month subsequent to this last rencontre,
+circumstances led me to Bologne, whither I arrived, late in the
+evening, by the steamboat. On being directed to the best English
+hotel in that truly social Anglo-Gallic little town, I chanced to
+find in the coffee-room an old crony, whom I had known years since
+at Cambridge, and who had just arrived from Switzerland, on a
+speculation connected with some vineyards.
+
+I had a thousand questions to ask my friend, a thousand memories to
+disinter from their graves in my heart, past follies to re-enact,
+past scenes to re-people. We began with our school-days, pursued the
+subject to Cambridge, carried it back again to Reading, and thence
+traced it through all its windings, now in sunshine, now in gloom,
+till the canvass of our recollection was fairly filled with
+portraits. In this way, time, unperceived, slipped on; noon deepened
+into evening, evening blackened into midnight, yet nothing but our
+wine was exhausted.
+
+At last, after a long evening spent in the freest and most social
+converse, my friend quitted the coffee-room, while I--imitating, as
+I went, the circumlocutory windings of the Meander--proceeded to my
+allotted chamber. Unfortunately, on reaching the head of the first
+staircase, where two opposite doors presented themselves, I opened
+(as a matter of course) the wrong one, which led me into a spacious
+apartment, in which were placed two fat, full-grown beds. My lantern
+happening to go out at the moment, I was compelled to forego
+all further scrutiny, so without more ado, flung off my clothes,
+and dived, at one dexterous plunge, right into the centre
+of the nearest vacant bed. In an instant I was fast asleep;
+my imagination, oppressed with the day's events, had become
+fairly exhausted, and I now lay chained down in that heavy,
+dreamless sleep, which none but fatigued travellers can appreciate.
+Towards daybreak, I was roused by a peculiar long-drawn snore,
+proceeding from the next bed. The music, though deep, was gusty,
+vulgar, and ludicrous, like a west wind whistling through a
+wash-house. I should know it among a thousand snores. At first I
+took no notice of this diversified sternutation, but as it deepened
+every moment in energy, terminating in something like a groan, I was
+compelled to pay it the homage of my admiration and astonishment.
+This attention, however, soon flagged; in a few minutes I was a
+second time asleep, nor did I again awake till the morning was far
+advanced. At this eventful juncture, while casting my eyes round the
+room with all the voluptuous indolence of a jaded traveller, they
+suddenly chanced to fall on a gaunt, spectral figure, undressed,
+unwashed, unshaved, decked out in a red worsted night-cap, its left
+cheek swollen, as if with cold or tooth-ache, and seated bolt
+upright in the very next bed, scarce six inches off my nose. And
+this figure was----but I need add no more; the reader must by this
+time have fully anticipated my discovery.
+
+That night I started from Bologne. I could no more have endured to
+stop there, conscious that the town contained my persecutor, than I
+could have flown. Accordingly, after a hurried breakfast, I
+proceeded to arrange what little business I had to transact; and
+this completed, away I posted to the well-known shop of Monsieur
+----, dentist, perruquier, and general agent to the steam-packet
+company. Fortunately the little man was at home, and received me
+with his usual courtesy. He was very, very sorry that he could not
+stay to converse with me, but a patient in the inner parlour
+required his immediate attendance; he must therefore--. I
+entreated him not to apologize; my business was simple--it was
+merely to ascertain at what hour the first packet sailed; and having
+so said, and received a satisfactory reply, I prepared to quit the
+shop, when just as I was turning round to shut the door, I caught a
+glimpse through the half-closed curtains that shaded the inner room
+of a cheek and one eye. The cheek was swollen, and a solitary patch
+of snuff rested, like a fly, upon its surface. It was the Mysterious
+Tailor; he had come in to have his tooth pulled out.
+
+Notwithstanding my anxiety to quit Bologne, it was evening before I
+was on board the packet; nor did I feel myself at ease, until the
+heights had dwindled to a speck, and the loud carols of the
+fishermen returning home from their day's sport, had sunk into a
+faint, undistinguished whisper. Our vessel's course for the first
+hour or so was delightful. Towards night, the weather, which had
+hitherto proved so serene, began to fluctuate; the wind shifted, and
+gradually a heavy swell came rolling in from the north-east towards
+us. As the hour advanced, a storm seemed advancing with it; and a
+hundred symptoms appeared, the least of which was fully sufficient
+to certify the coming on of a tremendous hurricane. Our captain,
+however--a bronzed, pinched-up little fellow, whom a series of
+north-westers seemed to have dried to a mummy--put a good face on
+the matter, and our mate whistled bluffly, though I could not help
+fancying that his whistle had something forced about it.
+
+We had by this time been tossing about upwards of four hours, yet
+despite the storm, which increased every moment in energy, our
+vessel bore up well, labouring and pitching frightfully to be sure,
+but as yet uninjured in sail, mast, or hull. As for her course, it
+was--so the mate assured me--"a moral impossible to say which way we
+were bound, whether for a trip to Spain, Holland, or Van Dieman's
+Land; it might be one, it might be t'other." Scarcely had he uttered
+these words, when a long rolling sea came sweeping on in hungry
+grandeur towards us, and at one rush tore open the ship's gun-wale,
+which now, completely at the mercy of the wave, went staggering,
+drunken, and blindfold, through the surge. From this fatal moment
+the sailors were kept constantly at the pumps, although so
+instantaneous was the rush of water into the hold, that they did
+little or no good; there seemed, in fact, not the ghost of a chance
+left us; even the mate had ceased whistling, and the captain's oaths
+began to assume the nature of a compromise between penitence and
+hardihood.
+
+It was now midnight, deep, awful midnight; the few remaining
+passengers had left the deck and retreated into a bed which they
+shared in common with the salt water. The Captain stood, like one
+bewildered, beside the helm, while I lay stretched along the
+forecastle, watching, as well as I could, the tremendous rushing of
+the waves. It was during a partial hush of the storm, when the wind,
+as if out of breath, was still, that a shifting light attached
+to some moving body, came bearing down full upon us.
+
+"This is an ugly night, sir," said the Captain, who now, for the
+first time, found words, "yet methinks I see a sail a-head."
+
+"Surely not," I replied, "no earthly vessel but our own can live on
+such a sea."
+
+Scarcely had the words escaped me, when "helm a lee!" was roared out
+in a loud emphatic tone, something between rage and fright.
+
+The captain strove to turn his helm, but in vain, the rudder had
+lost all power. At this instant, a rushing sound swept past us, and
+the two ships came in direct contact with each other. The crash was
+tremendous: down with a dizzy spinning motion went the strange
+vessel; one yell--but one shrill piercing yell, which is ever
+sounding in my ears, ensued--a pause, and all was over.
+
+My heart died within me at that cry; an icy shudder crept through
+me, every hair of my head seemed endowed with separate vitality. To
+go down into the tomb--and such a tomb!--unwept, unknown, the very
+lights from the English coast still discernible in distance, yet not
+a friend to hold forth aid; the idea was inexpressibly awful. Just
+at this crisis, while grasping the bannister with weak hands, I lay
+faint and hopeless on the deck, I fancied I saw a dark figure
+crawling up the cabin-steps towards me. I listened; the sound drew
+near, the form advanced, already it touched that part of the
+staircase to which I clung. Was it the phantom of one of those
+wretches who had just met death? Had it come fresh from eternity,
+the taint of recent earth yet hanging about it, to warn me of my own
+departure? A sudden vivid flash enabled me to dispel all doubt; the
+dull, grey eye, and thin furrowed form, were not to be so mistaken;
+the voice too--but why prolong the mystery? it was my old
+unforgotten persecutor, the Mysterious Tailor of High Holborn. What
+followed I know not: overpowered by previous excitement, and the
+visitation of this infernal phantom, my brain spun round--my heart
+ticked audibly like a clock--my tongue glued to my mouth--I sank
+senseless at the cabin door.
+
+_(To be concluded in our next.)_
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS
+
+NORFOLK PUNCH.
+
+AN INCANTATION.
+
+
+  Twenty quarts of real Nantz,
+  Eau-de-vie of southern France;
+  By Arabia's chemic skill,
+  Sublimed, condensed, in trickling still;
+  'Tis the grape's abstracted soul,
+  And the first matter of the bowl.
+
+  Oranges, with skins of gold,
+  Like Hesperian fruit of old,
+  Whose golden shadow wont to quiver
+  In the stream of Guadalquiver,
+  Glowing, waving as they hung
+  Mid fragrant blossoms ever young,
+  In gardens of romantic Spain,--
+  Lovely land, and rich in vain!
+  Blest by nature's bounteous hand,
+  Cursed with priests and Ferdinand!
+  Lemons, pale as Melancholy,
+  Or yellow russets, wan and holy.
+  Be their number twice fifteen,
+  Mystic number, well I ween,
+  As all must know, who aught can tell
+  Of sacred lore or glamour spell;
+  Strip them of their gaudy hides,
+  Saffron garb of Pagan brides,
+  And like the Argonauts of Greece,
+  Treasure up their Golden Fleece.
+
+  Then, as doctors wise preserve
+  Things from nature's course that swerve,
+  Insects of portentous shape--worms,
+  Wreathed serpents, asps, and tape-worms,
+  Ill-fashion'd fishes, dead and swimming,
+  And untimely fruits of women;
+  All the thirty skins infuse
+  In Alcohol's Phlogistic dews.
+  Steep them--till the blessed Sun
+  Through half his mighty round hath run--
+  Hours twelve--the time exact
+  Their inmost virtues to extract.
+
+  Lest the potion should be heady,
+  As Circe's cup, or gin of Deady,
+  Water from the crystal spring.
+  Thirty quarterns, draw and bring;
+  Let it, after ebullition,
+  Cool to natural condition.
+  Add, of powder saccharine,
+  Pounds thrice five, twice superfine;
+  Mingle sweetest orange blood,
+  And the lemon's acid flood;
+  Mingle well, and blend the whole
+  With the spicy Alcohol.
+
+  Strain the mixture, strain it well
+  Through such vessel, as in Hell
+  Wicked maids, with vain endeavour,
+  Toil to fill, and toil for ever.
+  Nine-and-forty Danaides,
+  Wedded maids, and virgin brides,
+  (So blind Gentiles did believe,)
+  Toil to fill a faithless sieve;
+  Thirsty thing, with naught content,
+  Thriftless and incontinent.
+
+  Then, to hold the rich infusion,
+  Have a barrel, not a huge one,
+  But clean and pure from spot or taint,
+  Pure as any female saint--
+  That within its tight-hoop'd gyre
+  Has kept Jamaica's liquid fire;
+  Or luscious Oriental rack,
+  Or the strong glory of Cognac,
+  Whose perfume far outscents the Civet,
+  And all but rivals rare Glenlivet.
+
+  To make the compound soft as silk,
+  Quarterns twain of tepid milk,
+  Fit for babies, and such small game,
+  Diffuse through all the strong amalgame.
+  The fiery souls of heroes so do
+  Combine the _suaviter in modo_,
+  Bold as an eagle, meek as Dodo.
+
+  Stir it round, and round, and round,
+  Stow it safely under ground,
+  Bung'd as close as an intention
+  Which we _are_ afraid to mention;
+  Seven days six times let pass,
+  Then pour it into hollow glass;
+  Be the vials clean and dry,
+  Corks as sound as chastity;--
+  Years shall not impair the merit
+  Of the lively, gentle spirit.
+
+  Babylon's Sardanapalus,
+  Rome's youngster Heliogabalus,
+  Or that empurpled paunch, Vitellius,
+  So famed for appetite rebellious--
+  Ne'er, in all their vastly reign,
+  Such a bowl as this could drain.
+  Hark, the shade of old Apicius
+  Heaves his head, and cries--Delicious!
+  Mad of its flavour and its strength--he
+  Pronounces it the real Nepenthe.
+
+  'Tis the Punch, so clear and bland,
+  Named of Norfolk's fertile land,
+  Land of Turkeys, land of Coke,
+  Who late assumed the nuptial yoke--
+  Like his county beverage,
+  Growing brisk and stout with age.
+  Joy I wish--although a Tory--
+  To a Whig, so gay and hoary--
+  May he, to his latest hour,
+  Flourish in his bridal bower--
+  Find wedded love no Poet's fiction,
+  And Punch the only contradiction.
+
+_Blackwood's Magazine._
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER
+
+DUELLING.
+
+Two French officers resident at Kermanshaw, lately quarrelled; a
+challenge ensued; but a reconciliation was effected; when the
+incident drew forth the following natural and affecting remark from
+a native:--"How foolish it is for a man who wishes to kill his
+enemy, to expose his own life, when he can accomplish his purpose
+with so much greater safety, by shooting at him from behind a rock."
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SPINNING VIRTUE.
+
+A young preacher, who chose to enlarge to a country congregation on
+the beauty of _virtue_, was surprised to be informed of an old
+woman, who expressed herself highly pleased with his sermon, that
+her daughter was the most _virtuous_ woman in the parish, for "that
+week she had spun sax spyndles of yarn."--_Sir W. Scott._
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+AT LINCOLN
+
+There is a beautiful painted window, which was made by an
+apprentice, out of the pieces of glass which had been rejected by
+his master. It is so far superior to every other in the church,
+that, according to the tradition, the vanquished artist killed
+himself from mortification.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+A great lawyer in the sister kingdom, when asked by the viceroy,
+what Captain Keppel meant by his "_Personal_ Travels in India, &c."
+replied, that lawyers were wont to use this word in contradistinction
+to "_Real_."
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is said that the intestines of the Carolina parrot are an
+instantaneous poison to cats.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHINESE DUNNING.
+
+When a debtor refuses payment in China, the creditor, as a last
+resource, threatens to carry off the door of his house on the first
+day of the year. This is accounted the greatest misfortune that
+could happen, as in that case there would be no obstruction to the
+entrance of evil genii. To avoid this consummation, a debtor not
+unfrequently sets fire to his house on the last night of the year.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+During the times of Catholicism in Scotland, _Fishing_ was
+prohibited from the Sabbath after vespers, till Monday after
+sunrise. This was termed _Setterday's Slopp_.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE TOWER OF BABEL,
+
+says a recent traveller in the east, now presents the appearance of
+a large mound or hill, with a castle on the top, in mounting to
+which, the traveller now and then discovers, through the light sandy
+soil, that he is treading on a vast heap of bricks. The total
+circumference of the ruin is 2,286 feet, though the building itself
+was only 2,000, allowing 500 to the stadia, which Herodotus assigns
+as the side of its square. The elevation of the west side is 198
+feet. What seems to be a castle at a distance, when examined, proves
+to be a solid mass of kiln-burnt bricks, 37 feet high, and 28 broad.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+SPANISH LITERATURE.
+
+
+The Spaniards are particularly averse to borrowing from the
+intellectual treasures of other nations. They glean the field of
+their own muses to the very last ear, and then commence the same
+labour over again.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+EVERY MAN HIS OWN LAWYER.
+
+
+Here is a well-turned reply to plaintiff's counsel, available in all
+suits and times. It occurred in the trial of Lord Danby, in the time
+of Charles II. "If the gentleman were as just to produce all he
+knows for me, as he hath been malicious to show what may be liable
+to misconstruction against me, no man could vindicate me more than
+myself."
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In modern education there is a lamentable lack of veneration for the
+great masters of English literature. Spenser, Milton, and Dryden are
+altogether less familiar to the present generation than they were to
+that which preceded it. "We will not say that our Shakspeare is
+neglected, for his age is ever fresh and green, and he comes
+reflected back to us from a thousand sources, whether in the
+tranquillity of home, the turbulent life of capitals, or the
+solitude of travel through distant lands."--_Edin. Rev._
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+RISE AND FALL.
+
+
+What an idea of the dismantling of our nature do the few words which
+Roper, Sir Thomas More's son-in-law, relates, convey! He had seen
+Henry VIII. walking round the chancellor's garden at Chelsea, with
+his arm round his neck; he could not help congratulating him on
+being the object of so much kindness. "I thank our lord, I find his
+grace my very good lord indeed; and I believe he doth as singularly
+favour me as any subject in his realm. However, son Roper, I may
+tell thee, I have no cause to be proud thereof, for if my head
+would win a castle in France, it would not fail to be struck
+off."--_Edinburgh Review._
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is not only room, but use, for all that God has made in his
+wisdom--a use not the less real, because not always tangible, or
+immediate.--_Ibid._
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+Nicholas Brady, (the coadjutor of Tate, in arranging the New Version
+of Psalms,) published a translation of the Æneid of Virgil, which
+(says Johnson,) when dragged into the world, did not live long
+enough to cry.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+Blue appears to be the most important of all colours in the
+gradations of society. A licensed beggar in Scotland, called a
+bedesmen, is so privileged on receiving a _blue_ gown. Pliny informs
+us that blue was the colour in which the Gauls clothed their slaves;
+and _blue_ coats, for many ages, were the liveries of servants,
+apprentices, and even of younger brothers, as now of the Blue Coat
+Boys, and of other Blue Schools in the country. Women used to do
+penance in _blue_ gowns. Is it not unseemly that blue which has
+hitherto been the colour of so many unenviable distinctions, should
+be the adopted emblem of liberty--_English True Blue!_
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+SONG.
+
+By JOANNA BAILLIE.
+
+
+  The gliding fish that takes his play
+    In shady nook of streamlet cool,
+  Thinks not how waters pass away,
+    And summer dries the pool.
+
+  The bird beneath his leafy dome
+    Who trills his carol, loud and clear,
+  Thinks not how soon his verdant home
+    The lightning's breath may sear.
+
+  Shall I within my bridegroom's bower
+    With braids of budding roses twined,
+  Look forward to a coming hour
+    When he may prove unkind?
+
+  The bee reigns in his waxen cell,
+    The chieftain in his stately hold,
+  To-morrow's earthquake,--who can tell?
+    May both in ruin fold.
+
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+The Gatherer.
+
+"A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles." SHAKSPEARE.
+
+
+CATS _(again.)_
+
+
+Charles James Fox walking up Bond-street from one of the club-houses
+with an illustrious personage, laid him a wager, that he would see
+more cats than the prince in his walk, and that he might take which
+side of the street he liked. When they got to the top, it was found
+that Mr. Fox had seen thirteen cats, and the prince not one. The
+royal personage asked for an explanation of this apparent miracle;
+Mr. Fox said, "Your royal highness took, of course, the shady side
+of the way, as most agreeable; I knew that the sunny side would be
+left for me, and cats always prefer the sunshine."
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+VAUXHALL WEATHER.
+
+
+It having happened for several successive summers, that wet weather
+took place just as the Vauxhall season commenced, Tom Lowe, Tyers's
+principal vocal performer, accidentally meeting the proprietor,
+expressed an anxious desire to know when he meant to open his
+gardens. "Why are you so particular, Mr. Lowe?" said Jonathan. "I
+have a very good reason, sir, and should like to know the very day."
+"Why, why?" reiterated Tyers, impatiently. "That I may bespeak a
+great coat to sing in; for you know we shall be sure to have rain."
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LAME SINGING.
+
+A few days since, a musicsellers's boy was sent to the publisher's
+for a number of copies of the song "I'd be a Butterfly, arranged for
+_two trebles;_" when, on being desired to repeat his order, he
+replied, "I'd be a Butterfly, arranged for _two cripples._"
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LAUGHTER.
+
+Democritus, who was always laughing, lived one hundred and nine
+years; Heraclitus, who never ceased crying, only sixty. Laughing
+then is best; and to laugh at one another is perfectly justifiable,
+since we are told that the gods themselves, though they made us as
+they pleased, cannot help laughing at us.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, London;
+Sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic, and by all
+Newsmen and Booksellers._
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT,
+AND INSTRUCTION, VOL. 12, ISSUE 323, JULY 19, 1828***
+
+
+******* This file should be named 12873-8.txt or 12873-8.zip *******
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+<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol. 12, Issue 323, July 19, 1828, by Various</title>

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<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol. 12, Issue 323, July 19, 1828, by Various</h1>

+<pre>

+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with

+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or

+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included

+with this eBook or online at <a href = "https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre>

+<p>Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol. 12, Issue 323, July 19, 1828</p>

+<p>Author: Various</p>

+<p>Release Date: July 10, 2004  [eBook #12873]</p>

+<p>Language: English</p>

+<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p>

+<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION, VOL. 12, ISSUE 323, JULY 19, 1828***</p>

+<br />

+<br />

+<h4>E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, Susan Lucy,<br />

+    and Project Gutenberg Distributed Proofreaders</h4>

+<br />

+<br />

+<hr class="full" />
<h1>THE MIRROR<br />
OF<br />
LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
<hr class="full" />
<table width="100%" summary="Volume, Number, and Date">
<tr>
<td align="left"><b>Vol. 12, No. 323.]</b></td>
<td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, JULY 19, 1828</b></td>
<td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr class="full" />

<h2>COLOMBIA COLLEGE, NEW-YORK</h2>
<span class="pagenum"><a id="page33" name="page33"></a>[pg
33]</span><div class="figure" style="width:100%;"><a href=
"images/323-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/323-1.png" alt=
"Columbia College" /></a></div>


<blockquote class="note">&ldquo;It is intended that a large academy be
erected, capable of containing nine thousand seven hundred and
forty-three persons: which, by modest computation, is reckoned to be
pretty near the current number of wits in this island,&rdquo;
<br />&mdash;<i>Swift&rsquo;s Tale of a Tub.</i></blockquote>

<p>Instruction, manners, mysteries, and trades.</p>

<p> One college is almost completed within her radius, and will be
opened in a few weeks; whilst munificent subscriptions are pouring
in from all quarters of the empire, towards the endowment of a
second. We have hitherto been silent spectators of these grand
strides in the intellectual advancement of our country; but we have
not, on that account, been less sensible of the important benefits
which they are calculated to work in her social scheme, and in </p>

<blockquote>
<p> The nurture of her youth, her dearest pledge.</p>
</blockquote>

<p> We are not of those who would (even were Newton&rsquo;s theory
practicable) compress the world into a nutshell, or neglect &ldquo;aught
toward the general good;&rdquo; and one of our respected correspondents,
who doubtless participates in these cosmopolitan sentiments, has
furnished us with the original of the above view of COLOMBIA
COLLEGE; seeing that this, like the universities of our own country,
is equally important to &ldquo;Prince Posterity,&rdquo; and accordingly
we proceed with our correspondent&rsquo;s description. </p>

<p> Colombia College, in the city of New York (of the principal
building of which the annexed sketch is a correct representation)
may be ranked among the chief seminaries of learning in America. It
was principally founded by the voluntary contributions of the
inhabitants of the province, assisted by the general assembly and
corporation of Trinity Church, in 1754; at which time it was called
King&rsquo;s College. </p>

<p> A royal charter, and grant of money, was obtained, incorporating
a number of gentlemen therein mentioned, by the name of &ldquo;The
Governors of the College of the province of New York, in the City of
New York;&rdquo; and granting to them and their successors for ever,
among various other rights and privileges, the power of conferring
such degrees as are usually conferred <span class="pagenum"><a
id="page34" name="page34"></a>[pg 34]</span>by the English
universities. The president and members to be of the church of
England, and the form of prayer used to be collected from the
Liturgy of the church of England. </p>

<p>Since the revolution, the legislature passed an act, constituting
twenty-one gentlemen, (of whom were the governor and
lieutenant-governor for the time being,) a body corporate and
politic, by the name of &ldquo;the Regents of the University of the state
of New York.&rdquo; They were entrusted with the care of the literature of
the state, and a power to grant charters for erecting colleges and
academies throughout the state.</p>

<p>It received the name of Colombia College in 1787; when by an act
of the legislature, it was placed under the care of twenty-four
gentlemen, styled, &ldquo;the trustees of the Colombian College,&rdquo; who
possessed the same powers as those of King&rsquo;s College.</p>

<p>In 1813, the College of Physicians and the Medical School were
united; and the academical and medical departments are together
styled &ldquo;The University of New York.&rdquo; It is now well endowed and
liberally patronized by the legislature of the state. The College
consists of two handsome stone edifices, but the view given is but
one-third of the originally intended structure, and contains a
chapel, hall, library of 5,000 volumes, museum, anatomical theatre,
and school for experimental philosophy.</p>

<p>The Medical College is a large, brick building, containing an
anatomical museum, chemical laboratory, mineralogical cabinet,
museum of natural history, and a botanical garden, and nine medical
professors. Every student pays to each professor from 15 to 25
dollars per course.</p>

<p>There are also professors of mathematics, natural philosophy,
history, ancient and modern languages, logic, &amp;c. The number of
students in 1818 was 233, but it has now greatly increased. As many
in each year as finish their course of study, walk in procession
with the other students and all the professors, preceded by a band
of music to St. Paul&rsquo;s church, where they deliver orations in
English and Latin before a crowded assembly. This is called &ldquo;a
commencement.&rdquo;</p>

<p>The situation is about 150 yards from the Hudson, of which, and
the surrounding country it commands an extensive view. The whole is
enclosed by a stone wall, with an area of several acres,
interspersed with gravel walks, green plats, and full-grown trees.
</p>

<p>BETA.</p>

<div class="note">
<p><i>Note</i>.&mdash;All our readers may not be aware that the
remains of Two Literary Colleges still exist in London: <i>Gresham
College</i> and <i>Sion College</i>&mdash;or we should say of one of
them. The first was founded and endowed by that excellent citizen
Sir Thomas Gresham. He was much opposed by the university of
Cambridge, which endeavoured to prevent the establishment of a rival
institution. (This was two centuries and a half ago.) He devised by
will, his house in Bishopsgate street, to be converted into
habitations and lecture-rooms for seven professors or lecturers on
seven liberal sciences, who were to receive a salary out of the
revenues of the Royal Exchange. Gresham College was subsequently
converted into the modern general excise-office; but <i>the
places</i> are still continued, with a double salary for the loss of
apartments, and the lectures are delivered gratuitously twice a day
in a small room in the Royal Exchange, during term-time. The will of
the founder has not, however, been actually carried into execution.
As we hate &ldquo;solemn farce&rdquo; and &ldquo;ignorance in stilts,&rdquo; we hope
&ldquo;scrutiny will not be stone blind&rdquo; in this matter. A more useful man
than Sir Thomas Gresham is not to be found in British biography, and
it is painful to see his good intentions frustrated.</p>

<p><i>Sion College</i> is situated near London Wall, to the south of
Fore-street. It was founded in 1623 by the rector of St.
Dunstan&rsquo;s in the west, for the London clergy. The whole body
of rectors and vicars within the city are fellows of this college,
and all the clergy in and near the metropolis may have free access
to its extensive and valuable library.</p>
</div>
<br />
<hr />
<br />
<h2>SUPERSTITIONS ON THE WEATHER.</h2>

<p class="centre"><big><i>From Sir H. Davy&rsquo;s Salmonia; or, Days of Fly-fishing.
(In Conversations.)</i></big></p>
<blockquote class="note">POIETES, a Tyro in Fly-fishing.&mdash;PHYSICUS, an uninitiated
Angler, fond of inquiries in natural history, &amp;c.&mdash;HALIEUS,
an accomplished fly-fisher.&mdash;ORNITHER, a sporting
gentleman.</blockquote>

<p><i>Poietes</i>. I hope we shall have another good day to-morrow,
for the clouds are red in the west.</p>

<p><i>Physicus</i>. I have no doubt of it, for the red has a tint of
purple.</p>

<p><i>Halieus</i>. Do you know why this tint portends fine
weather?</p>

<p><i>Phys</i>. The air, when dry, I believe, refracts more red, or
heat-making rays; and as dry air is not perfectly transparent, they
are again reflected in the horizon. I have generally observed a
coppery or yellow sun-set to foretell rain; but, as an indication of
wet weather approaching, nothing is more certain than a halo round
the moon, which is produced by the precipitated water; and the
larger the circle, the nearer the clouds, and consequently the more
ready to fall.</p>

<p><i>Hal</i>. I have often observed that the old proverb is
correct&mdash;</p>

<div class="poem">
<p>A rainbow in the morning is the shepherd&rsquo;s warning:</p>
<p>A rainbow at night is the shepherd&rsquo;s delight.</p>
</div>

<p>Can you explain this omen?</p>

<p><i>Phys</i>. A rainbow can only occur when the clouds containing
or depositing the rain are opposite to the sun,&mdash;and in the
evening the rainbow is in the east, and in the morning in the west;
and as our
<span class="pagenum"><a id="page35" name="page35"></a>[pg
35]</span>
heavy rains in this climate are usually brought by the westerly
wind, a rainbow in the west indicates that the bad weather is on the
road, by the wind, to us; whereas the rainbow in the east proves
that the rain in these clouds is passing from us.</p>

<p><i>Poiet</i>. I have often observed, that when the swallows fly
high, fine weather is to be expected or continued; but when they fly
low, and close to the ground, rain is almost surely approaching. Can
you account for this?</p>

<p><i>Hal</i>. Swallows follow the flies and gnats, and flies and
gnats usually delight in warm strata of air; and as warm air is
lighter, and usually moister, than cold air, when the warm strata of
air are high, there is less chance of moisture being thrown down
from them by the mixture with cold air; but when the warm and moist
air is close to the surface, it is almost certain that, as the cold
air flows down into it, a deposition of water will take place.</p>

<p><i>Poiet</i>. I have often seen sea-gulls assemble on the land,
and have almost always observed that very stormy and rainy weather
was approaching. I conclude that these animals, sensible of a
current of air approaching from the ocean, retire to the land to
shelter themselves from the storm.</p>

<p><i>Ornither</i>. No such thing. The storm is their element; and
the little petrel enjoys the heaviest gale, because, living on the
smaller sea-insects, he is sure to find his food in the spray of a
heavy wave&mdash;and you may see him flitting above the edge of the
highest surge. I believe that the reason of this migration of
sea-gulls, and other sea-birds, to the land, is their security of
finding food; and they may be observed, at this time, feeding
greedily on the earth-worms and larva, driven out of the ground by
severe floods: and the fish, on which they prey in fine weather in
the sea, leave the surface and go deeper in storms. The search after
food is the principal cause why animals change their places. The
different tribes of the wading birds always migrate when rain is
about to take place; and I remember once, in Italy, having been long
waiting, in the end of March, for the arrival of the double snipe in
the Campagna of Rome, a great flight appeared on the 3rd of April,
and the day after heavy rain set in, which greatly interfered with
my sport. The vulture, upon the same principle, follows armies; and
I have no doubt that the augury of the ancients was a good deal
founded upon the observation of the instincts of birds. There are
many superstitions of the vulgar owing to the same source. For
anglers, in spring, it is always unlucky to see single
magpies,&mdash;but two may be always regarded as a favourable omen;
and the reason is, that in cold and stormy weather, one magpie alone
leaves the nest in search of food, the other remaining sitting upon
the eggs or the young ones; but when two go out together, it is only
when the weather is warm and mild, and favourable for fishing.</p>

<p><i>Poiet</i>. The singular connexions of causes and effects, to
which you have just referred, make superstition less to be wondered
at, particularly amongst the vulgar; and when two facts naturally
unconnected, have been accidentally coincident, it is not singular
that this coincidence should have been observed and registered, and
that omens of the most absurd kind should be trusted in. In the west
of England, half a century ago, a particular hollow noise on the
sea-coast was referred to a spirit or goblin, called Bucca, and was
supposed to foretell a shipwreck: the philosopher knows that sound
travels much faster than currents in the air, and the sound always
foretold the approach of a very heavy storm, which seldom takes
place on that wild and rocky coast without a shipwreck on some part
of its extensive shores, surrounded by the Atlantic.</p>

<p><i>Phys</i>. All the instances of omens you have mentioned are
founded on reason; but how can you explain such absurdities as
Friday being an unlucky day, the terror of spilling salt, or meeting
an old woman? I knew a man of very high dignity, who was exceedingly
moved by these omens, and who never went out shooting without a
bittern&rsquo;s claw fastened to his button-hole by a riband, which
he thought ensured him good luck.</p>

<p><i>Poiet</i>. These, as well as the omens of death-watches,
dreams, &amp;c., are for the most part founded upon some accidental
coincidences; but spilling of salt, on an uncommon occasion, may, as
I have known it, arise from a disposition to apoplexy, shown by an
incipient numbness in the hand, and may be a fatal symptom; and
persons, dispirited by bad omens, sometimes prepare the way for evil
fortune; for confidence in success is a great means of ensuring it.
The dream of Brutus, before the field of Pharsalia, probably
produced a species of irresolution and despondency, which was the
principal cause of his losing the battle: and I have heard that the
illustrious sportsman to whom you referred just now, was always
observed to shoot ill, because he shot carelessly, after one of his
dispiriting omens.</p>

<p><i>Hal</i>. I have in life met with a few
<span class="pagenum"><a id="page36" name="page36"></a>[pg
36]</span>
coincidences or by natural connexions; and I have known minds of a
very superior class affected by them,&mdash;persons in the habit of
reasoning deeply and profoundly.</p>

<p><i>Phys</i>. In my opinion, profound minds are the most likely to
think lightly of the resources of human reason; and it is the pert,
superficial thinker, who is generally strongest in every kind of
unbelief. The deep philosopher sees chains of causes and effects so
wonderfully and strangely linked together, that he is usually the
last person to decide upon the impossibility of any two series of
events being independent of each other; and in sciences, so many
natural miracles, as it were, have been brought to light,&mdash;such
as the fall of stones from meteors in the atmosphere, the disarming
of a thunder-cloud by a metallic point, the production of fire from
ice by a metal white as silver, and referring certain laws of motion
of the sea to the moon,&mdash;that the physical inquirer is seldom
disposed to assert, confidently, on any abstruse subjects belonging
to the order of natural things, and still less so on those relating
to the more mysterious relations of moral events and intellectual
natures.</p>
<br />
<hr />
<br />
<h2>DEVIL&rsquo;S HOLE, KIRBY STEPHEN.</h2>

<p class="centre"><big>(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)</big></p>

<p>At about three quarters of a mile east of Kirby Stephen,
Westmoreland, is a bridge of solid rock, known by the name of
<i>Staincroft Bridge</i> or Stonecroft Bridge, under which runs a
small but fathomless rivulet. The water roars and gushes through the
surrounding rocks and precipices with such violence, as almost to
deafen the visitor. Three or four yards from the bridge is an
immense abyss, where the waters &ldquo;incessantly roar,&rdquo; which goes by
the name of <i>Devil&rsquo;s Hole</i>; the tradition of which is, that two
lovers were swallowed up in this frightful gulf. The neighbouring
peasants tell a tale of one <i>Deville</i>, a lover, who, through
revenge, plunged his fair mistress into these waters, and afterwards
followed her. How far this story may get belief, I know not; but
such they aver is the truth, while they mournfully lament the sad
affair.&mdash;They point out a small hole in the bank where you may hear
the waters dashing with fury against the projecting rocks. This,
some imagine to be the noise of infernal spirits, who have taken up
their abode in this tremendous abyss; while others persist in their
opinion, that the lover&rsquo;s name was <i>Deville</i>, and that it
retains his name to this day, in commemoration of the horrid deed.</p>

<p>I have seen, and taken a view of the frightful place, which may
rather be imagined than described. One part of the water was
formerly so narrow, that a wager was laid by a gentleman that he
could span it with the thumb and little finger, and which he would
have accomplished, but his adversary, getting up in the night time,
chipped a piece off the rock with a hammer, and thus won the wager.
It is now, however, little more than from a foot and a half, to two
feet broad, excepting at the falls and <i>Devil&rsquo;s Hole</i>. The
water runs into the Eden at the distance of about a mile or two from
Staincroft Bridge. Trout are caught with the line and net in great
quantities, and are particularly fine here.</p>

<p class="author">W.H.H.</p>

<br />
<hr />
<br />
<h2>ANECDOTES OF A TAMED PANTHER.</h2>

<p class ="centre">B<small>Y</small> M<small>RS.</small> B<small>OWDICH</small>.</p>
<div class="note">
<p>[Mrs. Bowdich is the widow of Mr. Thomas Edward Bowdich,
  who fell a victim to his enterprize in exploring the
  interior of Africa, in 1824. Mr. B. was a profound classic
  and linguist and member of several learned societies in
  England and abroad. In 1819 he published, in a quarto
  volume, his &ldquo;Mission to Ashantee,&rdquo; a work of the highest
  importance and interest. Mrs. B., whose pencil has
  furnished embellishments for her husband&rsquo;s literary
  productions, has published &ldquo;Excursions to Madeira, &amp;c.,&rdquo;
  and this amiable and accomplished lady has now in course
  of publication, a work on the Fresh-water Fishes of Great
  Britain.&mdash;The subsequent anecdotes are of equal interest
  to the student of natural history and the general reader,
  especially as they exhibit the habits and disposition of
  the Panther in a new light. The Ounce, a variety of the
  Panther is, however, easily tamed and trained to the chase
  of deer, the gazelle, &amp;c.&mdash;for which purpose it has long
  been employed in the East, and also during the middle ages
  in Italy and France.&mdash;Mr. Kean, the tragedian, a few years
  since, had a tame <i>Puma</i>, or American Lion, which he
  kept at his house in Clarges-street, Piccadilly, and
  frequently introduced to large parties of company.&mdash;ED.]</p>
</div>
<p>I am induced to send you some account of a panther which was
in my possession for several months. He and another were
found when very young in the forest, apparently deserted by
their mother. They were taken to the king of Ashantee, in
whose palace they lived several weeks, when my hero, being
much larger than his companion, suffocated him in a fit of
romping, and was then sent to Mr. Hutchison, the resident
left by Mr. Bowdich at Coomassie. This gentleman, observing
that the animal was very docile, took pains to tame him, and
in a great measure succeeded. When he was about a year old,
Mr. Hutchison returned to Cape Coast, and had him led
through the country by a chain, occasionally letting
<span class="pagenum"><a id="page37" name="page37"></a>[pg
37]</span>
him loose when eating was going forward, when he would sit
by his master&rsquo;s side, and receive his share with comparative
gentleness. Once or twice he purloined a fowl, but easily
gave it up to Mr. Hutchison, on being allowed a portion of
something else. The day of his arrival he was placed in a
small court, leading to the private rooms of the governor,
and after dinner was led by a thin cord into the room, where
he received our salutations with some degree of roughness,
but with perfect good-humour. On the least encouragement he
laid his paws upon our shoulders, rubbed his head upon us,
and his teeth and claws having been filed, there was no
danger of tearing our clothes. He was kept in the above
court for a week or two, and evinced no ferocity, except
when one of the servants tried to pull his food from him; he
then caught the offender by the leg, and tore out a piece of
flesh, but he never seemed to owe him any ill-will
afterwards. He one morning broke his cord, and, the cry
being given, the castle gates were shut, and a chase
commenced. After leading his pursuers two or three times
round the ramparts, and knocking over a few children by
bouncing against them, he suffered himself to be caught, and
led quietly back to his quarters, under one of the guns of
the fortress.</p>

<p>By degrees the fear of him subsided, and orders having been
given to the sentinels to prevent his escape through the
gates, he was left at liberty to go where he pleased, and a
boy was appointed to prevent him from intruding into the
apartments of the officers. His keeper, however, generally
passed his watch in sleeping; and Sa&iuml;, as the panther was
called, after the royal giver, roamed at large. On one
occasion he found his servant sitting on the step of the
door, upright, but fast asleep, when he lifted his paw, gave
him a blow on the side of his head which laid him flat, and
then stood wagging his tail, as if enjoying the mischief he
had committed. He became exceedingly attached to the
governor, and followed him every-where like a dog. His
favourite station was at a window of the sitting-room, which
overlooked the whole town; there, standing on his hind legs,
his fore paws resting on the ledge of the window, and his
chin laid between them, he appeared to amuse himself with
what was passing beneath. The children also stood with him
at the window; and one day, finding his presence an
encumbrance, and that they could not get their chairs close,
they used their united efforts to pull him down by the tail.
He one morning missed the governor, who was settling a
dispute in the hall, and who, being surrounded by black
people, was hidden from the view of his favourite. Sa&iuml;
wandered with a dejected look to various parts of the
fortress in search of him; and, while absent on this errand,
the audience ceased, the governor returned to his private
rooms, and seated himself at a table to write. Presently he
heard a heavy step coming up the stairs, and, raising his
eyes to the open door, he beheld Sa&iuml;. At that moment he gave
himself up for lost, for Sa&iuml; immediately sprang from the
door on to his neck. Instead, however, of devouring him, he
laid his head close to the governor&rsquo;s, rubbed his cheek upon
his shoulder, wagged his tail, and tried to evince his
happiness. Occasionally, however, the panther caused a
little alarm to the other inmates of the castle, and the
poor woman who swept the floors, or, to speak technically,
the <i>pra-pra</i> woman, was made ill by her fright. She
was one day sweeping the boards of the great hall with a
short broom, and in an attitude nearly approaching to
all-fours, and Sa&iuml;, who was hidden under one of the sofas,
suddenly leaped upon her back, where he stood in triumph.
She screamed so violently as to summon the other servants,
but they, seeing the panther, as they thought, in the act of
swallowing her, one and all scampered off as quickly as
possible; nor was she released till the governor, who heard
the noise, came to her assistance. Strangers were naturally
uncomfortable when they saw so powerful a beast at perfect
liberty, and many were the ridiculous scenes which took
place, they not liking to own their alarm, yet perfectly
unable to retain their composure in his presence.</p>

<p>This interesting animal was well fed twice every day, but
never given any thing with life in it. He stood about two
feet high, and was of a dark yellow colour, thickly spotted
with black rosettes, and from the good feeding and the care
taken to clean him, his skin shone like silk. The expression
of his countenance was very animated and good-tempered, and
he was particularly gentle to children; he would lie down on
the mats by their side when they slept, and even the infant
shared his caresses, and remained unhurt. During the period
of his residence at Cape Coast, I was much occupied by
making arrangements for my departure from Africa, but
generally visited my future companion every day, and we, in
consequence, became great friends before we sailed. He was
conveyed on board the vessel in a large, wooden cage,
thickly barred in the front with iron.
<span class="pagenum"><a id="page38" name="page38"></a>[pg
38]</span>
 Even this confinement was not deemed a sufficient protection by the
 canoe men,<a href="#fn1"><sup>1</sup></a> <a name ="fn1ref"></a>who
 were so alarmed at taking him from the shore to the vessel, that,
 in their confusion, they dropped cage and all into the sea. For a
 few minutes I gave up my poor panther as lost, but some sailors
 jumped into a boat belonging to the vessel, and dragged him out in
 safety. The beast himself seemed completely subdued by his ducking,
 and as no one dared to open his cage to dry it, he rolled himself
 up in one corner, nor roused himself till after an interval of some
 days, when he recognised my voice. When I first spoke, he raised
 his head, held it on one side, then on the other, to listen; and
 when I came fully into his view, he jumped on his legs, and
 appeared frantic; he rolled himself over and over, he howled, he
 opened his enormous jaws and cried, and seemed as if he would have
 torn his cage to pieces. However, as his violence subsided, he
 contented himself with thrusting his paws and nose through the bars
 of the cage, to receive my caresses.</p>

<p>The greatest treat I could bestow upon my favourite was
lavender water. Mr. Hutchison had told me that, on the way
from Ashantee, he drew a scented handkerchief from his
pocket, which was immediately seized on by the panther, who
reduced it to atoms; nor could he venture to open a bottle
of perfume when the animal was near, he was so eager to
enjoy it. I indulged him twice a week by making a cup of
stiff paper, pouring a little lavender water into it, and
giving it to him through the bars of his cage: he would drag
it to him with great eagerness, roll himself over it, nor
rest till the smell had evaporated. By this I taught him to
put out his paws without showing his nails, always refusing
the lavender water till he had drawn them back again; and in
a short time he never, on any occasion, protruded his claws
when offering me his paw.</p>

<p>We lay eight weeks in the river Gaboon, where he had plenty
of excellent food, but was never suffered to leave his cage,
on account of the deck being always filled with black
strangers, to whom he had a very decided aversion, although
he was perfectly reconciled to white people. His
indignation, however, was constantly excited by the pigs,
when they were suffered to run past his cage; and the sight
of one of the monkeys put him in a complete fury. While at
anchor in the before-mentioned river, an orang-outang (S&iacute;mia
S&aacute;tyrus) was brought for sale, and lived three days on
board; and I shall never forget the uncontrollable rage of
the one, or the agony of the other, at this meeting. The
orang was about three feet high, and very powerful in
proportion to his size; so that when he fled with
extraordinary rapidity from the panther to the further end
of the deck, neither men nor things remained upright when
they opposed his progress: there he took refuge in a sail,
and although generally obedient to the voice of his master,
force was necessary to make him quit the shelter of its
folds. As to the panther, his back rose in an arch, his tail
was elevated and perfectly stiff, his eyes flashed, and, as
he howled, he showed his huge teeth; then, as if forgetting
the bars before him, he tried to spring on the orang, to
tear him to atoms. It was long before he recovered his
tranquillity; day and night he appeared to be on the listen;
and the approach of a large monkey we had on board, or the
intrusion of a black man, brought a return of his agitation.</p>

<p>We at length sailed for England, with an ample supply of
provisions; but, unhappily, we were boarded by pirates
during the voyage, and nearly reduced to starvation. My
panther must have perished had it not been for a collection
of more than three hundred parrots, with which we sailed
from the river, and which died very fast while we were in
the northwest trades. Sa&iuml;&rsquo;s allowance was one per diem, but
this was so scanty a pittance that he became ravenous, and
had not patience to pick all the feathers off before he
commenced his meal. The consequence was, that he became very
ill, and refused even this small quantity of food. Those
around tried to persuade me that he suffered from the colder
climate; but his dry nose and paw convinced me that he was
feverish, and I had him taken out of his cage; when, instead
of jumping about and enjoying his liberty, he lay down, and
rested his head upon my feet. I then made him three pills,
each containing two grains of calomel. The boy who had the
charge of him, and who was much attached to him, held his
jaws open, and I pushed the medicine down his throat. Early
the next morning I went to visit my patient, and found his
guard sleeping in the cage with him; and having administered
a further dose to the invalid, I had the satisfaction of
seeing him perfectly cured by the evening. On the arrival of
the vessel in the London Docks, Sa&iuml; was taken ashore, and
presented to the Duchess of York, who placed him in Exeter
Change, to be taken care of, till she herself went to
Oatlands. He
<span class="pagenum"><a id="page39" name="page39"></a>[pg
39]</span>
remained there for some weeks, and was suffered to roam about the
greater part of the day without any restraint. On the morning
previous to the Duchess&rsquo;s departure from town, she went to
visit her new pet, played with him, and admired his healthy
appearance and gentle deportment. In the evening, when her Royal
Highness&rsquo; coachman went to take him away, he was dead, in
consequence of an inflammation on his lungs&mdash;<i>Loudon&rsquo;s
Magazine of Natural History.</i></p>

<br /><hr class="full" /><br />

<h2>Manners &amp; Customs of all Nations</h2>

<h3>SACRAMENTAL BREAD.</h3>

<p>The church of Rome, in the height of its power, was extremely
scrupulous in all that related to the sacramental bread. According
to Steevens, in his <i>Monasticon</i>, they first chose the wheat,
grain by grain, and washed it very carefully. Being put into a bag,
appointed only for that use, a servant, known to be a just man,
carried it to the mill, worked the grindstones, covering them with
curtains above and below; and having put on himself an albe, covered
his face with a veil, nothing but his eyes appearing. The same
precaution was used with the meal. It was not baked till it had been
well washed; and the warden of the church, if he were either priest
or deacon, finished the work, being assisted by two other religious
men, who were in the same orders, and by a lay brother, particularly
appointed for that business. These four monks, when matins were
ended, washed their faces and hands. The three first of them put on
albes; one of them washed the meal with pure, clean water, and the
other two baked the hosts in the iron moulds. So great was the
veneration and respect, say their historians, the monks of Cluni
paid to the Eucharist! Even at this day, in the country, the baker
who prepares the sacramental wafer, must be appointed and authorized
to do it by the Catholic bishop of the district, as appears by the
advertisement inserted in that curious book, published annually,
<i>The Catholic Laity&rsquo;s Directory</i>.</p>
<br />
<hr />
<br />
<h3> FOSTER CHILDREN.</h3>

<p> There still remains in the Hebrides, though it is passing fast
away, the custom of fosterage. A laird, a man of wealth and
eminence, sends his child, either male or female, to a tacksman or
tenant to be fostered. It is not always his own tenant, but some
distant friend that obtains this honour; for an honour such a trust
is very reasonably thought. The terms of fosterage seem to vary in
different islands. In Mull, the father sends with his child a
certain number of cows, to which the same number is added by the
fosterer. The father appropriates a proportionable extent of ground,
without rent, for their pasturage. If every cow bring a calf, half
belongs to the fosterer, and half to the child; but if there be only
one calf between two cows, it is the child&rsquo;s; and when the
child returns to the parents, it is accompanied with all the cows
given, both by the father and by the fosterer, with half of the
increase of the stock by propagation. These beasts are considered as
a portion, and called <i>Macalive</i> cattle, &amp;c.</p>

<p>Children continue with the fosterer perhaps six years; and
cannot, where this is the practice, be considered as burdensome. The
fosterer, if he gives four cows, receives likewise four, and has,
while the child continues with him, grass for eight without rent,
with half the calves, and all the milk, for which he pays only four
cows, when he dismisses his <i>dalt</i>, for that is the name for a
fostered child.&mdash;<i>Johnson&rsquo;s Journey</i>.</p>
<br />
<hr />
<br />
<h3> THE IRISH PEOPLE.</h3>

<p> Holinshed, speaking of the Irish, observes:&mdash;&ldquo;Greedy
of praise they be, and fearful of dishonour; and to this end they
esteem their poets, who write Irish learnedly, and pen their sonnets
heroical, for the which they are bountifully rewarded; if not, they
send out libels in dispraise, whereof the lords and gentlemen stand
in great awe. They love tenderly their foster children, and bequeath
to them a child&rsquo;s fortune, whereby they nourish sure
friendship,&mdash;so beneficent every way, that commonly 500 cows
and better are given in reward to win a nobleman&rsquo;s child to
foster; they love and trust their foster children more than their
own. Proud they are of long crisped bushes of hair, which they term
<i>libs</i>. They observe divers degrees, according to which each
man is regarded. The basest sort among them are little young wasps,
called <i>daltins</i>: these are lacqueys, and are serviceable to
the grooms, or horseboys, who are a degree above the daltins. The
third degree is the <i>kaerne</i>, which is an ordinary soldier,
using for weapon his sword and target, and sometimes his piece,
being commonly so good marksmen, as they will come within a score of
a great cartele. The fourth degree is a <i>gallowglass</i>, using a
kind of poll-axe for his weapon, strong, robust men, chiefly feeding
on beef, pork, and butter. The fifth degree is to be a horseman,
which is the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page40"
name="page40"></a>[pg 40]</span> chiefest, next to the lord and
captain. These horsemen, when they have no stay of their own, gad
and range from house to house, and never dismount till they ride
into the hall, and as far as the tables.&rdquo;</p>
<br />
<hr />
<br />

<h3>MARRIAGE.</h3>

<p>The minister of Logierait, in Perthshire, in his statistical
account of that parish, supplies us with the following curious
information on this and other marriage
ceremonies:&mdash;&ldquo;Immediately before the celebration of the
marriage ceremony, every knot about the bride and bridegroom
(garters, shoe-strings, strings of petticoats, &amp;c.) is carefully
loosed. After leaving the church, the whole company walk round it,
keeping the church walls always upon the right hand; the bridegroom,
however, first retires one way, with some young men, to tie the
knots that were loosened about him, while the young married woman,
in the same manner, retires somewhere else to adjust the disorder of
her dress.&rdquo;</p>

<br />
<hr />
<br />
<h3>NEEDFIRE.</h3>

<p>The following extract contains a distinct and interesting account
of this very ancient superstition, as used in Caithness:</p>

<p>&ldquo;In 1788, when the stock of any considerable farmer was
seized with the murrain, he would send for one of the charm doctors
to superintend the raising of a <i>needfire</i>. It was done by
friction, thus: upon any small island, where the stream of a river
or burn ran on each side, a circular booth was erected, of stone and
turf, as it could be had, in which a semicircular or highland couple
of birch, or other hard wood, was set; and, in short, a roof closed
on it. A straight pole was set up in the centre of this building,
the upper end fixed by a wooden pin to the top of the couple, and
the lower end in an oblong <i>trink</i> in the earth or floor; and
lastly, another pole was set across horizontally, having both ends
tapered, one end of which was supported in a hole in the side of the
perpendicular pole, and the other end in a similar hole in the
couple leg. The horizontal stick was called the auger, having four
short arms or levers fixed in its centre, to work it by; the
building having been thus finished, as many men as could be
collected in the vicinity, (being divested of all kinds of metal in
their clothes, &amp;c.) would set to work with the said auger, two
after two, constantly turning it round by the arms or levers, and
others occasionally driving wedges of wood or stone behind the lower
end of the upright pole, so as to press it the more on the end of
the auger; by this constant friction and pressure, the ends of the
auger would take fire, from which a fire would be instantly kindled,
and thus the <i>needfire</i> would be accomplished. The fire in the
farmer&rsquo;s house, &amp;c. was immediately quenched with water, a
fire kindled from this <i>needfire</i>, both in the farm-house and
offices, and the cattle brought to feel the smoke of this new and
sacred fire, which preserved them from the murrain. So much for
superstition.&mdash;It is handed down by tradition, that the ancient
Druids superintended a similar ceremony of raising a sacred fire,
annually, on the first day of May. That day is still, both in the
Gaelic and Irish dialects, called <i>L&#226;-bealtin, i.e.</i> the day
of Baal&rsquo;s fire, or the fire dedicated to Baal, or the
sun.&rdquo;</p>

<br />
<hr />
<br />

<h3> UNSPOKEN WATER</h3>

<p>In Scotland, water from under a bridge, over which the living
pass and the dead are carried, brought in the dawn or twilight to
the house of a sick person, without the bearer&rsquo;s speaking,
either in going or returning, is called <i>Unspoken Water</i>.</p>

<p>The modes of application are various. Sometimes the invalid takes
three draughts of it before anything is spoken. Sometimes it is
thrown over the houses the vessel in which it was contained being
thrown after it. The superstitious believe this to be one of the
most powerful charms that can be employed for restoring a sick
person to health.</p>

<p>The purifying virtue attributed to water, by almost all nations,
is so well known as to require no illustration. Some special virtue
has still been ascribed to silence in the use of charms, exorcisms,
&amp;c. I recollect, says Mr. Jamieson, being assured at Angus, that
a Popish priest in that part of the country, who was supposed to
possess great power in curing those who were deranged, and in
exorcising demoniacs, would, if called to see a patient, on no
account utter a single word on his way, or after arriving at the
house, till he had by himself gone through all his appropriate forms
in order to effect a cure. Whether this practice might be founded on
our Lord&rsquo;s injunction to the Seventy, expressive of the
diligence he required, Luke x. 4, &ldquo;Salute no man by the
way,&rdquo; or borrowed from heathen superstition, it is impossible
to ascertain. We certainly know that the Romans viewed silence as of
the utmost importance in their sacred rites. Hence the phrase of
Virgil,&mdash;</p>

<div class="poem">
<p>&ldquo;Fida silentia sacris.&rdquo;</p>
</div>
<p><i>Fauere sacris</i>, <i>fauere linguis</i>, and
<span class="pagenum"><a id="page41" name="page41"></a>[pg
41]</span> <i>pascere linguam</i>,
were forms of speech appropriated to their sacred rites, by which
they enjoined silence, that the act of worship might not be
disturbed by the slightest noise or murmur. Hence also they honoured
Harpocrates as the god of silence; and Numa instituted the worship
of a goddess under the name of <i>Tacita</i>.</p>
<br />
<hr class="full" />
<br />

<h2>SPIRIT OF DISCOVERY</h2>

<h3>FILTERING APPARATUS.</h3>

<p class="centre"><i><big>(To the Editor of the Mirror.)</big></i></p>

<div class="figure" style="width: 80%;"><a href=
"images/323-2.png"><img width="40%" src="images/323-2.png" alt=
"Filtering Apparatus" /></a></div>

<p class="centre">A A. <i>The Pot.</i> B B.&nbsp;<i>The Triangular Board.</i> C. <i>The Cover.</i>
D. <i>Vessel to receive the Filtered Water.</i><br />
E. <i>Dotted Line, showing the Proportion of Charcoal and Sand.</i></p>


<p>Herewith I send you an outline drawing of an economical filtering
apparatus, suitable for the use of any dwelling. Its construction is
perfectly simple, and at the cost of a few shillings in its
erection. The pot consists of an unglazed inverted vessel,
manufactured at potteries for the use of sugar-bakers, and placed
through a hole in a triangular board, resting upon two ledges,
occupying a corner in a kitchen or any other apartment. In the
inside of the pot a bushel of the whitest sand is to be introduced;
which sand, after being washed in a clean tub with about three
changes of water, to dissolve and clear away the clayey matter, is
to be mixed with half a peck of finely-bruised charcoal. This will
fill about one-third of the pot; but before the sand is placed in
the vessel, the small hole at the bottom of the pot should have an
oyster-shell placed over it, with the convex side uppermost, to
prevent the sand washing through. This filters foul water perfectly
pellucid and clear very quickly, as I have seen its effects for
years with the most perfect success. When the sand becomes foul by
time, it can be taken out and washed, or fresh materials can be
repeated; great care should be observed not to put more water in the
pot than your vessel underneath will receive.</p>

<p class="author">JNO. FIELD.</p>

<hr />
<br />
<h3>Effects of Lightning.</h3>

<p>The analogy between the electric spark, and more especially of the
explosive discharge of the Leyden jar, with atmospheric lightning
and thunder, is too obvious to have escaped notice, even in the
early periods of electrical research. It had been observed by Dr.
Wall and by Gray, and still more pointedly remarked by the Abb&eacute;
Nollet. Dr. Franklin was so impressed with the many points of
resemblance between lightning and electricity, that he was convinced
of their identity, and determined to ascertain by direct experiment
the truth of his bold conjecture. A spire which was erecting at
Philadelphia he conceived might assist him in this inquiry; but,
while waiting for its completion, the sight of a boy&rsquo;s kite, which
had been raised for amusement, immediately suggested to him a more
ready method of attaining his object. Having constructed a kite by
stretching a large silk handkerchief over two sticks in the form of
a cross, on the first appearance of an approaching storm, in June
1752, he went out into a field, accompanied by his son, to whom
alone he had imparted his design. Having raised his kite, and
attached a key to the lower end of the hempen string, he insulated
it by fastening it to a post, by means of silk, and waited with
intense anxiety for the result. A considerable time elapsed without
the apparatus giving any sign of electricity, even although a dense
cloud, apparently charged with lightning, had passed over the spot
on which they stood. Franklin was just beginning to despair of
success, when his attention was caught by the bristling up of some
loose fibres on the hempen cord; he immediately presented his
knuckle to the key, and received an electric spark. Overcome with
the emotion
<span class="pagenum"><a id="page42" name="page42"></a>[pg
42]</span>
inspired by this decisive evidence of the great discovery he had
achieved, he heaved a deep sigh, and conscious of an immortal name,
felt that he could have been content if that moment had been his
last. The rain now fell in torrents, and wetting the string,
rendered it conducting in its whole length; so that electric sparks
were now collected from it in great abundance.</p>

<p>It should be noticed, however, that about a month before Franklin
had made these successful trials, some philosophers, in particular
Dalibard and De Lors, had obtained similar results in France, by
following the plan recommended by Franklin. But the glory of the
discovery is universally given to Franklin, as it was from his
suggestions that the methods of attaining it were originally
derived.</p>

<p>This important discovery was prosecuted with great ardour by
philosophers in every part of Europe. The first experimenters
incurred considerable risk in their attempts to draw down
electricity from the clouds, as was soon proved by the fatal
catastrophe, which, on the 6th of August, 1753, befel Professor
Richman, of Petersburg. He had constructed an apparatus for
observations on atmospherical electricity, and was attending a
meeting of the Academy of Sciences, when the sound of distant
thunder caught his ear. He immediately hastened home, taking with
him his engraver, Sokolow, in order that he might delineate the
appearances that should present themselves. While intent upon
examining the electrometer, a large globe of fire flashed from the
conducting rod, which was insulated, to the head of Richman, and
passing through his body, instantly deprived him of life. A red spot
was found on his forehead, where the electricity had entered, his
shoe was burst open, and part of his clothes singed. His companion
was struck down, and remained senseless for some time; the door-case
of the room was split, and the door itself torn off its hinges.</p>

<p>The protection of buildings from the effects of lightning, is the
most important practical application of the theory of electricity.
Conductors for this should be formed of metallic rods, pointed at
the upper extremity, and placed so as to project a few feet above
the highest part of the building they are intended to secure; they
should be continued without interruption till they descend into the
ground, below the foundation of the house. Copper is preferable to
iron as the material for their construction, being less liable to
destruction by rust, or by fusion, and possessing also a greater
conducting power. The size of the rods should be from half an inch
to an inch in diameter, and the point should be gilt, or made of
platina, that it may be more effectually preserved from corrosion.
An important condition in the protecting conductor is, that no
interruption should exist in its continuity from top to bottom; and
advantage will result from connecting together by strips of metal
all the leaden water pipes, or other considerable masses of metal in
or about the building, so as to form one continuous system of
conductors, for carrying the electricity by different channels to
the ground. The lower end of the conductors should be carried down
into the earth till it reaches either water, or at least a moist
stratum.&mdash;<i>Library of Useful Knowledge.</i></p>

<br />
<hr class="full" />
<br />
<h2>The Sketch-Book.</h2>

<hr />

<h3>THE MYSTERIOUS TAILOR.</h3>

<p class="centre"><i>A Romance of High Holborn.</i></p>

<p>It came to pass that, towards the close of 1826, I found occasion
to change my tailor, and by chance, or the recommendation of
friends&mdash;I cannot now remember which&mdash;applied to one who
vegetated in that particular region of the metropolis where the
rivers of Museum-street and Drury-lane (to adopt the language of
metaphor) flow into and form the capacious estuary of High Holborn.
Whoever has sailed along, or cast anchor in this confluence, must
have seen the individual I allude to. He sits&mdash;I should perhaps
say sat, inasmuch as he is since defunct&mdash;bolt upright, with a
pen behind his ear, in the centre of a dingy, spectral-looking shop,
quaintly hung round with clothes, of divers forms and patterns, in
every stage of existence&mdash;from the first crude conception of
the incipient surtout or pantaloons, down to the last glorious touch
that immortalizes the artist. His figure is slim and undersized; his
cheeks are sallow, with two furrows on each side his nose, filled
not unfrequently with snuff; his eyes project like lobsters&rsquo;,
and cast their shifting glances about with a vague sort of
mysterious intelligence; and his voice&mdash;his startling, solemn,
unearthly voice&mdash;seems hoarse with sepulchral vapours, and puts
forth its tones like the sighing of the wind among tombs. With
regard to his dress, it is in admirable keeping with his
countenance. He wears a black coat, fashioned in the mould of other
times, with large cloth buttons and flowing skirts; drab
inexpressibles, fastened at the knee with brass buckles; gaiters,
which, reaching no higher than
<span class="pagenum"><a id="page43" name="page43"></a>[pg
43]</span>
the calf of the leg, set up independent claims to eccentricity and
exact consideration on their own account; creaking, square-toed
shoes; and a hat, broad in front, pinched up at the sides, verging
to an angle behind, and worn close over the forehead, with the lower
part resting on the nose. His manner is equally peculiar; it cannot
be called vulgar, nor yet genteel&mdash;for it is too passive for
the one, and too pompous for the other; it forms, say, a sort of
compromise between the two, with a slight infusion of pedantry that
greatly adds to its effect. </p>

<p> On reaching this oddity&rsquo;s abode, I at once proceeded to
business; and was promised, in reply, the execution of my order on
the customary terms of credit. Thus far is strictly natural. The
clothes came home, and so, with admirable punctuality, did the bill;
but the death of a valued friend having withdrawn me, soon
afterwards, from London, six months elapsed; at the expiration of
which time I was refreshed, as agreed on, by a pecuniary application
from my tailor. Perhaps I should here mention, to the better
understanding of my tale, that I am a medical practitioner, of
somewhat nervous temperament, derived partly from inheritance, and
partly from an inveterate indulgence of the imagination. My income,
too&mdash;which seldom or never encumbers a surgeon who has not yet
done walking the hospitals&mdash;is limited, and, at this present
period, was so far contracted as to keep me in continual suspense.
In this predicament my tailor&rsquo;s memorandum was any thing but
satisfactory. I wrote accordingly to entreat his forbearance for six
months longer, and, as I received no reply, concluded that all was
satisfactorily arranged. Unluckily, however, as I was strolling,
about a month afterwards, along the Strand, I chanced to stumble up
against him. The shock seemed equally unexpected on both sides; but
my tailor (as being a dun) was the first to recover self-possession;
and, with a long preliminary hem!&mdash;a mute, but expressive
compound of remonstrance, apology, and resolution&mdash;opened his
fire as follows:&mdash; </p>

<p>&ldquo;I believe, sir, your name is D&mdash;&mdash;?&rdquo;
</p>

<p>&ldquo;I believe it is, sir.&rdquo; </p>

<p>&ldquo;Well, then, Mr. D&mdash;&mdash;, touching that little
account between us, I have to request, sir, that&mdash;&rdquo; </p>

<p>&ldquo;Very good; nothing can be more reasonable; wait the
appointed time, and you shall have all.&rdquo; </p>

<p> This answer served, in some degree, to appease him; no, not
exactly to appease him, because that would imply previous
excitement, and he was invariably imperturbable in manner; it
satisfied him, however, for the present, and he forthwith walked
away, casting on me that equivocal sort of look with which Ajax
turned from Ulysses, or Dido from &AElig;neas, in the Shades. </p>

<p> A lapse of a few weeks ensued, during which I heard nothing
further from my persecutor; when, one dark November
evening&mdash;one of those peculiarly English evenings, full of fog
and gloom, when the half-frozen sleet, joined in its descent by
gutters from the house-tops, comes driving full in your face,
blinding you to all external objects&mdash;on one of these blessed
evenings, on my road to Camden Town, I chanced to miss my way, and
was compelled, notwithstanding a certain shyness towards strangers,
to ask my direction of the first respectable person I should meet.
Many passed me by, but none sufficiently prepossessing; when, on
turning down some nameless street that leads to Tottenham
Court-road, I chanced to come behind a staid-looking gentleman,
accoutred in a dark brown coat, with an umbrella&mdash;the cotton of
which had shrunk half-way up the whalebone&mdash;held obliquely over
his head. Hastily stepping up to him, &ldquo;Pray, sir,&rdquo; said
I, &ldquo;could you be kind enough to direct me to &mdash;&mdash;
place, Camden Town?&rdquo; </p>

<p> The unknown, thus addressed, made the slightest possible
inclination towards me; and then, in an under tone, &ldquo;I
believe, sir, your name is D&mdash;&mdash;?&rdquo; </p>

<p> I paused; a vague sort of recollection came over me. Could it
be?&mdash;no, surely not! And yet the voice&mdash;the
manner&mdash;the&mdash;the&mdash; </p>

<p> My suspicions were soon converted into certainty, when the
stranger, with his own peculiar expression, quietly broke forth a
second time with, &ldquo;Touching that little account&mdash;&rdquo;
</p>

<p> This was enough; it was more than enough&mdash;it was
vexatiously superfluous. To be dunned for a debt, at the very time
when the nerves could best dispense with the application; to be
recalled back to the vulgarities of existence, at that precise
moment when the imagination was most abstracted from all commercial
common-places; to be stopped by a tailor, (and such a tailor!) when
the mind was dreaming of a mistress&mdash;the bare idea was
intolerable! So I thought; and, without further explanation, hurried
precipitately from the spot, nor ever once paused till far removed
from the husky tones of that sepulchral voice which had once before
so highly excited my annoyance. </p>

<p> [The narrater then visits one of Mr. Champagne Wright&rsquo;s
masquerades, where he falls in love with a <i>fresco</i> nun. He
receives a billet.] </p>

<p> <span class="pagenum"><a id="page44" name="page44"></a>[pg
44]</span>I stood like one bewildered; but, soon recovering my
self-possession, moved direct towards the chandelier, with a view to
peruse an epistle expressive of woman&rsquo;s fondest love. As with
glistening eyes I proceeded to tear open the billet, a flood of
transporting thoughts swept over me. I fancied that I was on the eve
of acquaintance with &mdash;&mdash;; but, judge my astonishment,
when, instead of the expected document, the key to such transporting
bliss, I read, engraved in large German text, on a dirty square
card, embossed at the edge with flowers, the revolting,
business-like address of </p>

<div class="figure" style="width:60%;"><a href="images/323-3.png">
<img width="60%" src="images/323-3.png" alt=
"Calling card" /></a></div>


<p> It so happened that, the next day, I dined with C&mdash;&mdash;.
Of course the masquerade, and with that the tailor, were the first
topics of conversation between us. Both allowed that the
circumstances respecting his late appearance were uncommon; but
there, with my friend, the matter ended: with me it was a more
enduring subject for reflection; and, after a night kept up till a
late hour over a bowl of C&mdash;&mdash;&rsquo;s most faultless punch, I
set out, moody and apprehensive, to my humble abode. By this time it
was past three o&rsquo;clock; the streets were nearly all deserted.
&mdash;While thoughtfully plodding onwards, a sudden noise from the
Holborn end of Drury-lane took my attention; it evidently proceeded
from a row&mdash;a systematic, scientific row; and, indeed, as I
drew near the scene of action, I could distinctly hear the
watchman&rsquo;s oaths blending in deep chorus with the treble of some
dozen or two valorous exquisites. </p>

<p> I felt certain rising abstract ideas of pugnacity, and conceived
myself bound to indulge them on the first head and shoulders I
should meet. This spirit brought me at once into the thick of the
fight, and, before I was well aware of my proximity, I found myself
fast anchored alongside a veteran watchman, with a pigtail and half
a nose. The conflict now commenced in good earnest; there were few
or no attempts at favouritism; the blows of one friend told equally
well on the scull of another; watchman assaulted watchman with a
zeal respectable for its sincerity; and, indeed, had these last been
any thing more than a bundle of old coats and oaths, they would most
undoubtedly have drubbed each other into a better world. After a
lively and well-sustained affair of about twenty minutes, a squadron
of auxiliary watchmen arrived, and, with some difficulty, deposited
us all safely in the watch-house. And here the very first person
that met my gaze&mdash;seated, with due regard to dignity, in an
arm-chair, a pair of spectacles on his nose, a glass of
brandy-and-water by his side, and a newspaper, redolent of cheese,
before him&mdash;was the constable of the night&mdash;the nun of the
masquerade&mdash;the Mysterious Tailor of High Holborn! The
wretch&rsquo;s eyes gleamed with a savage but subdued joy at the
recognition; a low, chuckling laugh escaped him; while his dull
countenance, made doubly revolting by the dim light of the
watch-house, fell, fixed and scowling, upon me, as he pointed
towards the spot where I stood.&mdash;&ldquo;Dobson,&rdquo; he
exclaimed; and, at the word, forth stepped the owner of this
melodious appellative, with &ldquo;this here man.&rdquo;
&mdash;Luckily, before he could finish his charge, a
five-shilling-piece, which I thrust into his unsuspecting palm,
created a diversion among the watchmen in my behalf; under favour of
which, while my arch enemy was adjusting his books, I contrived to
escape from his detested presence. </p>

<p> It happened that about a month subsequent to this last
rencontre, circumstances led me to Bologne, whither I arrived, late
in the evening, by the steamboat. On being directed to the best
English hotel in that truly social Anglo-Gallic little town, I
chanced to find in the coffee-room an old crony, whom I had known
years since at Cambridge, and who had just arrived from Switzerland,
on a speculation connected with some vineyards. </p>

<p> I had a thousand questions to ask my friend, a thousand memories
to disinter from their graves in my heart, past follies to re-enact,
past scenes to re-people. We began with our school-days, pursued the
subject to Cambridge, carried it back again to Reading, and thence
traced it through all its windings, now in sunshine, now in gloom,
till the canvass of our recollection was fairly filled with
portraits. In this way, time, unperceived, slipped on; noon deepened
into evening, evening blackened into midnight, yet nothing but our
wine was exhausted. </p>

<p> At last, after a long evening spent in the freest and most
social converse, my friend quitted the coffee-room, while
I&mdash;imitating, as I went, the circumlocutory windings of the
Meander&mdash;proceeded to my allotted chamber. Unfortunately, on
reaching the head of the first staircase, where two opposite doors
presented themselves, I opened (as a matter of course) the wrong
one, which led me into a spacious apartment, in which were placed
two fat, full-grown beds. My lantern happening to go out at the
moment, I <span class="pagenum"><a id="page45" name="page45"></a>[pg
45]</span> was compelled to forego all further scrutiny, so without
more ado, flung off my clothes, and dived, at one dexterous plunge,
right into the centre of the nearest vacant bed. In an instant I was
fast asleep; my imagination, oppressed with the day&rsquo;s events,
had
become fairly exhausted, and I now lay chained down in that heavy,
dreamless sleep, which none but fatigued travellers can appreciate.
Towards daybreak, I was roused by a peculiar long-drawn snore,
proceeding from the next bed. The music, though deep, was gusty,
vulgar, and ludicrous, like a west wind whistling through a
wash-house. I should know it among a thousand snores. At first I
took no notice of this diversified sternutation, but as it deepened
every moment in energy, terminating in something like a groan, I was
compelled to pay it the homage of my admiration and astonishment.
This attention, however, soon flagged; in a few minutes I was a
second time asleep, nor did I again awake till the morning was far
advanced. At this eventful juncture, while casting my eyes round the
room with all the voluptuous indolence of a jaded traveller, they
suddenly chanced to fall on a gaunt, spectral figure, undressed,
unwashed, unshaved, decked out in a red worsted night-cap, its left
cheek swollen, as if with cold or tooth-ache, and seated bolt
upright in the very next bed, scarce six inches off my nose. And
this figure was&mdash;&mdash;but I need add no more; the reader must
by this time have fully anticipated my discovery. </p>

<p> That night I started from Bologne. I could no more have endured
to stop there, conscious that the town contained my persecutor, than
I could have flown. Accordingly, after a hurried breakfast, I
proceeded to arrange what little business I had to transact; and
this completed, away I posted to the well-known shop of Monsieur
&mdash;&mdash;, dentist, perruquier, and general agent to the
steam-packet company. Fortunately the little man was at home, and
received me with his usual courtesy. He was very, very sorry that he
could not stay to converse with me, but a patient in the inner
parlour required his immediate attendance; he must
therefore&mdash;. I entreated him not to apologize; my
business was simple&mdash;it was merely to ascertain at what hour
the first packet sailed; and having so said, and received a
satisfactory reply, I prepared to quit the shop, when just as I was
turning round to shut the door, I caught a glimpse through the
half-closed curtains that shaded the inner room of a cheek and one
eye. The cheek was swollen, and a solitary patch of snuff rested,
like a fly, upon its surface. It was the Mysterious Tailor; he had
come in to have his tooth pulled out. </p>

<p> Notwithstanding my anxiety to quit Bologne, it was evening
before I was on board the packet; nor did I feel myself at ease,
until the heights had dwindled to a speck, and the loud carols of
the fishermen returning home from their day&rsquo;s sport, had sunk
into a faint, undistinguished whisper. Our vessel&rsquo;s course for
the first hour or so was delightful. Towards night, the weather,
which had hitherto proved so serene, began to fluctuate; the wind
shifted, and gradually a heavy swell came rolling in from the
north-east towards us. As the hour advanced, a storm seemed
advancing with it; and a hundred symptoms appeared, the least of
which was fully sufficient to certify the coming on of a tremendous
hurricane. Our captain, however&mdash;a bronzed, pinched-up little
fellow, whom a series of north-westers seemed to have dried to a
mummy&mdash;put a good face on the matter, and our mate whistled
bluffly, though I could not help fancying that his whistle had
something forced about it. </p>

<p> We had by this time been tossing about upwards of four hours,
yet despite the storm, which increased every moment in energy, our
vessel bore up well, labouring and pitching frightfully to be sure,
but as yet uninjured in sail, mast, or hull. As for her course, it
was&mdash;so the mate assured me&mdash;&ldquo; a moral impossible to
say which way we were bound, whether for a trip to Spain, Holland,
or Van Dieman&rsquo;s Land; it might be one, it might be
t&rsquo;other.&rdquo; Scarcely had he uttered these words, when a
long rolling sea came sweeping on in hungry grandeur towards us, and
at one rush tore open the ship&rsquo;s gun-wale, which now,
completely at the mercy of the wave, went staggering, drunken, and
blindfold, through the surge. From this fatal moment the sailors
were kept constantly at the pumps, although so instantaneous was the
rush of water into the hold, that they did little or no good; there
seemed, in fact, not the ghost of a chance left us; even the mate
had ceased whistling, and the captain&rsquo;s oaths began to assume
the nature of a compromise between penitence and hardihood. </p>

<p> It was now midnight, deep, awful midnight; the few remaining
passengers had left the deck and retreated into a bed which they
shared in common with the salt water. The Captain stood, like one
bewildered, beside the helm, while I lay stretched along the
forecastle, watching, as well as I could, the tremendous rushing of
the waves. It was during a partial hush of the storm, when the wind,
as if out of breath, was still, that a shifting <span
class="pagenum"><a id="page46" name="page46"></a>[pg 46]</span>
light attached to some moving body, came bearing down full upon
us.</p>

<p>&ldquo;This is an ugly night, sir,&rdquo; said the Captain, who
now, for the first time, found words, &ldquo;yet methinks I see a
sail a-head.&rdquo;</p>

<p>&ldquo;Surely not,&rdquo; I replied, &ldquo;no earthly vessel but
our own can live on such a sea.&rdquo;</p>

<p>Scarcely had the words escaped me, when &ldquo;helm a lee!&rdquo;
was roared out in a loud emphatic tone, something between rage and
fright.</p>

<p>The captain strove to turn his helm, but in vain, the rudder had
lost all power. At this instant, a rushing sound swept past us, and
the two ships came in direct contact with each other. The crash was
tremendous: down with a dizzy spinning motion went the strange
vessel; one yell&mdash;but one shrill piercing yell, which is ever
sounding in my ears, ensued&mdash;a pause, and all was over. </p>

<p>My heart died within me at that cry; an icy shudder crept through
me, every hair of my head seemed endowed with separate vitality. To
go down into the tomb&mdash;and such a tomb!&mdash;unwept, unknown,
the very lights from the English coast still discernible in
distance, yet not a friend to hold forth aid; the idea was
inexpressibly awful. Just at this crisis, while grasping the
bannister with weak hands, I lay faint and hopeless on the deck, I
fancied I saw a dark figure crawling up the cabin-steps towards me.
I listened; the sound drew near, the form advanced, already it
touched that part of the staircase to which I clung. Was it the
phantom of one of those wretches who had just met death? Had it come
fresh from eternity, the taint of recent earth yet hanging about it,
to warn me of my own departure? A sudden vivid flash enabled me to
dispel all doubt; the dull, grey eye, and thin furrowed form, were
not to be so mistaken; the voice too&mdash;but why prolong the
mystery? it was my old unforgotten persecutor, the Mysterious Tailor
of High Holborn. What followed I know not: overpowered by previous
excitement, and the visitation of this infernal phantom, my brain
spun round&mdash;my heart ticked audibly like a clock&mdash;my
tongue glued to my mouth&mdash;I sank senseless at the cabin
door.</p>

<p class="author"><i>(To be concluded in our next.)</i></p>
<br />
<hr class="full" />

<h2>SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS</h2>
<hr />
<h3>NORFOLK PUNCH.</h3>

<h4>AN INCANTATION.</h4>
<div class="poem">
  <p>Twenty quarts of real Nantz,</p>
  <p>Eau-de-vie of southern France;</p>
  <p>By Arabia&rsquo;s chemic skill,</p>
  <p>Sublimed, condensed, in trickling still;</p>
  <p>&rsquo;Tis the grape&rsquo;s abstracted soul,</p>
  <p>And the first matter of the bowl.</p>

  <p class="stanza">Oranges, with skins of gold,</p>
  <p>Like Hesperian fruit of old,</p>
  <p>Whose golden shadow wont to quiver</p>
  <p>In the stream of Guadalquiver,</p>
  <p>Glowing, waving as they hung</p>
  <p>Mid fragrant blossoms ever young,</p>
  <p>In gardens of romantic Spain,&mdash;</p>
  <p>Lovely land, and rich in vain!</p>
  <p>Blest by nature&rsquo;s bounteous hand,</p>
  <p>Cursed with priests and Ferdinand!</p>
  <p>Lemons, pale as Melancholy,</p>
  <p>Or yellow russets, wan and holy.</p>
  <p>Be their number twice fifteen,</p>
  <p>Mystic number, well I ween,</p>
  <p>As all must know, who aught can tell</p>
  <p>Of sacred lore or glamour spell;</p>
  <p>Strip them of their gaudy hides,</p>
  <p>Saffron garb of Pagan brides,</p>
  <p>And like the Argonauts of Greece,</p>
  <p>Treasure up their Golden Fleece. </p>

  <p class="stanza">Then, as doctors wise preserve</p>
  <p>Things from nature&rsquo;s course that swerve,</p>
  <p>Insects of portentous shape&mdash;worms,</p>
  <p>Wreathed serpents, asps, and tape-worms,</p>
  <p>Ill-fashion&rsquo;d fishes, dead and swimming,</p>
  <p>And untimely fruits of women;</p>
  <p>All the thirty skins infuse</p>
  <p>In Alcohol&rsquo;s Phlogistic dews.</p>
  <p>Steep them&mdash;till the blessed Sun</p>
  <p>Through half his mighty round hath run&mdash;</p>
  <p>Hours twelve&mdash;the time exact</p>
  <p>Their inmost virtues to extract. </p>

  <p class="stanza">Lest the potion should be heady,</p>
  <p>As Circe&rsquo;s cup, or gin of Deady,</p>
  <p>Water from the crystal spring.</p>
  <p>Thirty quarterns, draw and bring;</p>
  <p>Let it, after ebullition,</p>
  <p>Cool to natural condition.</p>
  <p>Add, of powder saccharine,</p>
  <p>Pounds thrice five, twice superfine;</p>
  <p>Mingle sweetest orange blood,</p>
  <p>And the lemon&rsquo;s acid flood;</p>
  <p>Mingle well, and blend the whole</p>
  <p>With the spicy Alcohol. </p>

  <p class="stanza">Strain the mixture, strain it well</p>
  <p>Through such vessel, as in Hell</p>
  <p>Wicked maids, with vain endeavour,</p>
  <p>Toil to fill, and toil for ever.</p>
  <p>Nine-and-forty Danaides, </p>
  <p>Wedded maids, and virgin brides,</p>
  <p>(So blind Gentiles did believe,)</p>
  <p>Toil to fill a faithless sieve;</p>
  <p>Thirsty thing, with naught content,</p>
  <p>Thriftless and incontinent. </p>

  <p class="stanza">Then, to hold the rich infusion,</p>
  <p>Have a barrel, not a huge one,</p>
  <p>But clean and pure from spot or taint,</p>
  <p>Pure as any female saint&mdash;</p>
  <p>That within its tight-hoop&rsquo;d gyre</p>
  <p>Has kept Jamaica&rsquo;s liquid fire;</p>
  <p>Or luscious Oriental rack,</p>
  <p>Or the strong glory of Cognac,</p>
  <p>Whose perfume far outscents the Civet,</p>
  <p>And all but rivals rare Glenlivet. </p>

  <p class="stanza">To make the compound soft as silk,</p>
  <p>Quarterns twain of tepid milk,</p>
  <p>Fit for babies, and such small game,</p>
  <p>Diffuse through all the strong amalgame.</p>
  <p>The fiery souls of heroes so do</p>
  <p>Combine the <i>suaviter in modo</i>,</p>
  <p>Bold as an eagle, meek as Dodo. </p>

  <p class="stanza">Stir it round, and round, and round,</p>
  <p>Stow it safely under ground,</p>
  <p>Bung&rsquo;d as close as an intention</p>
  <p>Which we <i>are</i> afraid to mention;</p>
  <p>Seven days six times let pass,</p>
  <p>Then pour it into hollow glass;</p>
  <p>Be the vials clean and dry,</p>
  <p>Corks as sound as chastity;&mdash;</p>
<span
class="pagenum"><a id="page47" name="page47"></a>[pg 47]</span>
  <p>Years shall not impair the merit</p>
  <p>Of the lively, gentle spirit. </p>

  <p class="stanza">Babylon&rsquo;s Sardanapalus,</p>
  <p>Rome&rsquo;s youngster Heliogabalus,</p>
  <p>Or that empurpled paunch, Vitellius,</p>
  <p>So famed for appetite rebellious&mdash;</p>
  <p>Ne&rsquo;er, in all their vastly reign,</p>
  <p>Such a bowl as this could drain.</p>
  <p>Hark, the shade of old Apicius</p>
  <p>Heaves his head, and cries&mdash;Delicious!</p>
  <p>Mad of its flavour and its strength&mdash;he</p>
  <p>Pronounces it the real Nepenthe. </p>

  <p class="stanza">&rsquo;Tis the Punch, so clear and bland,</p>
  <p>Named of Norfolk&rsquo;s fertile land,</p>
  <p>Land of Turkeys, land of Coke,</p>
  <p>Who late assumed the nuptial yoke&mdash;</p>
  <p>Like his county beverage,</p>
  <p>Growing brisk and stout with age.</p>
  <p>Joy I wish&mdash;although a Tory&mdash;</p>
  <p>To a Whig, so gay and hoary&mdash;</p>
  <p>May he, to his latest hour,</p>
  <p>Flourish in his bridal bower&mdash;</p>
  <p>Find wedded love no Poet&rsquo;s fiction,</p>
  <p>And Punch the only contradiction.</p>
</div>


<p><i>Blackwood&rsquo;s Magazine.</i></p>


<hr class="full" />
<h2>NOTES OF A READER</h2>
<hr />
<h4>DUELLING.</h4>
<p> Two French officers resident at Kermanshaw, lately quarrelled; a
challenge ensued; but a reconciliation was effected; when the
incident drew forth the following natural and affecting remark from
a native:&mdash;&ldquo;How foolish it is for a man who wishes to
kill his enemy, to expose his own life, when he can accomplish his
purpose with so much greater safety, by shooting at him from behind
a rock.&rdquo; </p>
<hr />
<h4>SPINNING VIRTUE.</h4>
<p> A young preacher, who chose to enlarge to a country congregation
on the beauty of <i>virtue</i>, was surprised to be informed of an
old woman, who expressed herself highly pleased with his sermon,
that her daughter was the most <i>virtuous</i> woman in the parish,
for &ldquo;that week she had spun sax spyndles of
yarn.&rdquo;&mdash;<i>Sir W. Scott</i>. </p>
<hr />
<h4>AT LINCOLN</h4>
<p>There is a beautiful painted window, which was made by an
apprentice, out of the pieces of glass which had been rejected by
his master. It is so far superior to every other in the church,
that, according to the tradition, the vanquished artist killed
himself from mortification.</p>
<hr />
<p> A great lawyer in the sister kingdom, when asked by the viceroy,
what Captain Keppel meant by his &ldquo;<i>Personal</i> Travels in
India, &amp;c.&rdquo; replied, that lawyers were wont to use this
word in contradistinction to &ldquo;<i>Real</i>.&rdquo; </p>
<hr />
<p>It is said that the intestines of the Carolina parrot are an
instantaneous poison to cats.</p>
<hr />
<h4>CHINESE DUNNING.</h4>
<p>When a debtor refuses payment in China, the creditor, as a last
resource, threatens to carry off the door of his house on the first
day of the year. This is accounted the greatest misfortune that
could happen, as in that case there would be no obstruction to the
entrance of evil genii. To avoid this consummation, a debtor not
unfrequently sets fire to his house on the last night of the
year.</p>
<hr />
<p>During the times of Catholicism in Scotland, <i>Fishing</i> was
prohibited from the Sabbath after vespers, till Monday after
sunrise. This was termed <i>Setterday&rsquo;s Slopp</i>.</p>
<hr />
<h4>THE TOWER OF BABEL,</h4>
<p>says a recent traveller in the east, now presents the appearance
of a large mound or hill, with a castle on the top, in mounting to
which, the traveller now and then discovers, through the light sandy
soil, that he is treading on a vast heap of bricks. The total
circumference of the ruin is 2,286 feet, though the building itself
was only 2,000, allowing 500 to the stadia, which Herodotus assigns
as the side of its square. The elevation of the west side is 198
feet. What seems to be a castle at a distance, when examined, proves
to be a solid mass of kiln-burnt bricks, 37 feet high, and 28
broad.</p>
<hr />
<h4>SPANISH LITERATURE.</h4>
<p>The Spaniards are particularly averse to borrowing from the
intellectual treasures of other nations. They glean the field of
their own muses to the very last ear, and then commence the same
labour over again.</p>
<hr />
<h4>EVERY MAN HIS OWN LAWYER.</h4>
<p> Here is a well-turned reply to plaintiff&rsquo;s counsel,
available in all suits and times. It occurred in the trial of Lord
Danby, in the time of Charles II. &ldquo;If the gentleman were as
just to produce all he knows for me, as he hath been malicious to
show what may be liable to misconstruction against me, no man could
vindicate me more than myself.&rdquo; </p>
<hr />
<p>In modern education there is a lamentable lack of veneration for
the great masters of English literature. Spenser, Milton, and Dryden
are altogether less familiar to the present generation than they
were to that which preceded it. &ldquo;We will not say that our
Shakspeare is neglected, for his age is ever fresh and green, and he
comes reflected back to us from a thousand sources, whether in the
tranquillity of home, the turbulent life of capitals<span
class="pagenum"><a id="page48" name="page48"></a>[pg 48]</span>, or
the solitude of travel through distant lands.&rdquo;&mdash;<i>Edin.
Rev.</i>
</p>
<hr />
<h4>RISE AND FALL.</h4>
<p> What an idea of the dismantling of our nature do the few words
which Roper, Sir Thomas More&rsquo;s son-in-law, relates, convey! He had
seen Henry VIII. walking round the chancellor&rsquo;s garden at Chelsea,
with his arm round his neck; he could not help congratulating him on
being the object of so much kindness. &ldquo;I thank our lord, I
find his grace my very good lord indeed; and I believe he doth as
singularly favour me as any subject in his realm. However, son
Roper, I may tell thee, I have no cause to be proud thereof, for if
my head would win a castle in France, it would not fail to be struck
off.&rdquo;&mdash;<i>Edinburgh Review.</i></p>
<hr />
<p>There is not only room, but use, for all that God has made in his
wisdom&mdash;a use not the less real, because not always tangible, or
immediate.&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i></p>
<hr />
<p>Nicholas Brady, (the coadjutor of Tate, in arranging the New Version
of Psalms,) published a translation of the &AElig;neid of Virgil,
which (says Johnson,) when dragged into the world, did not live long
enough to cry.</p>
<hr />
<p>Blue appears to be the most important of all colours in the
gradations of society. A licensed beggar in Scotland, called a
bedesmen, is so privileged on receiving a <i>blue</i> gown. Pliny
informs us that blue was the colour in which the Gauls clothed their
slaves; and <i>blue</i> coats, for many ages, were the liveries of
servants, apprentices, and even of younger brothers, as now of the
Blue Coat Boys, and of other Blue Schools in the country. Women used
to do penance in <i>blue</i> gowns. Is it not unseemly that blue
which has hitherto been the colour of so many unenviable
distinctions, should be the adopted emblem of
liberty&mdash;<i>English True Blue</i>!</p>
<hr  />
<h3>SONG.</h3>
<h4>By JOANNA BAILLIE.</h4>
<div class="poem">
<p>The gliding fish that takes his play</p>
<p class="i2"> In shady nook of streamlet cool, </p>
<p>Thinks not how waters pass away,</p>
<p class="i2"> And summer dries the pool.</p>

<p class="stanza">
The bird beneath his leafy dome</p>
<p class="i2">Who trills his carol, loud and clear,</p>
<p>Thinks not how soon his verdant home</p>
<p class="i2">The lightning&rsquo;s breath may sear.</p>

<p class="stanza">
Shall I within my bridegroom&rsquo;s bower</p>
<p class="i2">With braids of budding roses twined,</p>
<p>Look forward to a coming hour</p>
<p class="i2">When he may prove unkind?</p>

<p class="stanza">
The bee reigns in his waxen cell,</p>
<p class="i2">The chieftain in his stately hold,</p>
<p>To-morrow&rsquo;s earthquake,&mdash;who can tell?</p>
<p class="i2">May both in ruin fold.</p>
</div>

<hr />
<h2>The Gatherer.</h2>

<p class="centre">
&ldquo;A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles.&rdquo;&mdash;<i>Shakspeare</i>.
</p>
<hr />
<h4>CATS <i>(again.)</i></h4>
<p>
Charles James Fox walking up Bond-street from one of the club-houses
with an illustrious personage, laid him a wager, that he would see
more cats than the prince in his walk, and that he might take which
side of the street he liked. When they got to the top, it was found
that Mr. Fox had seen thirteen cats, and the prince not one. The
royal personage asked for an explanation of this apparent miracle;
Mr. Fox said, &ldquo;Your royal highness took, of course, the shady
side of the way, as most agreeable; I knew that the sunny side would
be left for me, and cats always prefer the sunshine.&rdquo;
</p>

<hr />

<h4>VAUXHALL WEATHER.</h4>
<p>
It having happened for several successive summers, that wet weather
took place just as the Vauxhall season commenced, Tom Lowe, Tyers&rsquo;s
principal vocal performer, accidentally meeting the proprietor,
expressed an anxious desire to know when he meant to open his
gardens. &ldquo;Why are you so particular, Mr. Lowe?&rdquo; said
Jonathan. &ldquo;I have a very good reason, sir, and should like to
know the very day.&rdquo; &ldquo;Why, why?&rdquo; reiterated Tyers,
impatiently. &ldquo;That I may bespeak a great coat to sing in; for
you know we shall be sure to have rain.&rdquo;"
</p>

<hr />

<h4>LAME SINGING.</h4>
<p>
A few days since, a musicsellers&rsquo;s boy was sent to the
publisher&rsquo;s for a number of copies of the song &ldquo;I&rsquo;d be a
Butterfly, arranged for <i>two trebles;</i>&rdquo; when, on being
desired to repeat his order, he replied, &ldquo;I&rsquo;d be a Butterfly,
arranged for <i>two cripples.</i>&rdquo;
</p>

<hr />

<h4>LAUGHTER.</h4>

<p>
Democritus, who was always laughing, lived one hundred and nine
years; Heraclitus, who never ceased crying, only sixty. Laughing
then is best; and to laugh at one another is perfectly justifiable,
since we are told that the gods themselves, though they made us as
they pleased, cannot help laughing at us.</p>
<br />
<hr class="full" />
<a name ="fn1"></a>
<br />
<p><b>Notes</b></p>
<blockquote class="footnote">
<p>1. The panther in these countries is a sacred, or Fetish,
    animal; and not only a heavy fine is extorted from those
    who kill one, but the Fetish is supposed to revenge his
    death by cursing the offender. (<a href="#fn1ref">Return)</a></p>
</blockquote>
<br />

<hr class="full" />
<p><i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, London;
Sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic, and by all
Newsmen and Booksellers.</i></p>
<hr class="full" />
<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION, VOL. 12, ISSUE 323, JULY 19, 1828***</p>

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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, Vol. 12, Issue 323, July 19, 1828, by Various
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol. 12,
+Issue 323, July 19, 1828
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: July 10, 2004  [eBook #12873]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE,
+AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION, VOL. 12, ISSUE 323, JULY 19, 1828***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, Susan Lucy, and  Project Gutenberg
+Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original illustration.
+      See 12873-h.htm or 12873-h.zip:
+      (http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/1/2/8/7/12873/12873-h/12873-h.htm)
+      or
+      (http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/1/2/8/7/12873/12873-h.zip)
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. 12, No. 323.] SATURDAY, JULY 19, 1828. [PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: COLUMBIA COLLEGE]
+
+   "It is intended that a large academy be erected, capable of
+    containing nine thousand seven hundred and forty-three
+    persons: which, by modest computation, is reckoned to be
+    pretty near the current number of wits in this island,"
+   --_Swift's Tale of a Tub._
+
+London is at length destined to become a seat of learning; or
+rather, a seminary as well as a focus and mart of literature:
+
+Instruction, manners, mysteries, and trades.
+
+One college is almost completed within her radius, and will be
+opened in a few weeks; whilst munificent subscriptions are pouring
+in from all quarters of the empire, towards the endowment of a
+second. We have hitherto been silent spectators of these grand
+strides in the intellectual advancement of our country; but we have
+not, on that account, been less sensible of the important benefits
+which they are calculated to work in her social scheme, and in
+
+    The nurture of her youth, her dearest pledge.
+
+We are not of those who would (even were Newton's theory
+practicable) compress the world into a nutshell, or neglect "aught
+toward the general good;" and one of our respected correspondents,
+who doubtless participates in these cosmopolitan sentiments, has
+furnished us with the original of the above view of COLOMBIA
+COLLEGE; seeing that this, like the universities of our own country,
+is equally important to "Prince Posterity," and accordingly we
+proceed with our correspondent's description.
+
+Colombia College, in the city of New York (of the principal building
+of which the annexed sketch is a correct representation) may be
+ranked among the chief seminaries of learning in America. It was
+principally founded by the voluntary contributions of the
+inhabitants of the province, assisted by the general assembly and
+corporation of Trinity Church, in 1754; at which time it was called
+King's College.
+
+A royal charter, and grant of money, was obtained, incorporating a
+number of gentlemen therein mentioned, by the name of "The Governors
+of the College of the province of New York, in the City of New
+York;" and granting to them and their successors for ever, among
+various other rights and privileges, the power of conferring such
+degrees as are usually conferred {34} by the English universities. The
+president and members to be of the church of England, and the form
+of prayer used to be collected from the Liturgy of the church of
+England.
+
+Since the revolution, the legislature passed an act, constituting
+twenty-one gentlemen, (of whom were the governor and
+lieutenant-governor for the time being,) a body corporate and
+politic, by the name of "the Regents of the University of the state
+of New York." They were entrusted with the care of the literature of
+the state, and a power to grant charters for erecting colleges and
+academies throughout the state.
+
+It received the name of Colombia College in 1787; when by an act of
+the legislature, it was placed under the care of twenty-four
+gentlemen, styled, "the trustees of the Colombian College," who
+possessed the same powers as those of King's College.
+
+In 1813, the College of Physicians and the Medical School were
+united; and the academical and medical departments are together
+styled "The University of New York." It is now well endowed and
+liberally patronized by the legislature of the state. The College
+consists of two handsome stone edifices, but the view given is but
+one-third of the originally intended structure, and contains a
+chapel, hall, library of 5,000 volumes, museum, anatomical theatre,
+and school for experimental philosophy.
+
+The Medical College is a large, brick building, containing an
+anatomical museum, chemical laboratory, mineralogical cabinet,
+museum of natural history, and a botanical garden, and nine medical
+professors. Every student pays to each professor from 15 to 25
+dollars per course.
+
+There are also professors of mathematics, natural philosophy,
+history, ancient and modern languages, logic, &c. The number of
+students in 1818 was 233, but it has now greatly increased. As many
+in each year as finish their course of study, walk in procession
+with the other students and all the professors, preceded by a band
+of music to St. Paul's church, where they deliver orations in
+English and Latin before a crowded assembly. This is called "a
+commencement."
+
+The situation is about 150 yards from the Hudson, of which, and the
+surrounding country it commands an extensive view. The whole is
+enclosed by a stone wall, with an area of several acres,
+interspersed with gravel walks, green plats, and full-grown trees.
+
+BETA.
+
+    _Note_.--All our readers may not be aware that the remains
+     of Two Literary Colleges still exist in London: _Gresham
+    College_ and _Sion College_--or we should say of one of them.
+    The first was founded and endowed by that excellent citizen
+    Sir Thomas Gresham. He was much opposed by the university of
+    Cambridge, which endeavoured to prevent the establishment of
+    a rival institution. (This was two centuries and a half ago.)
+    He devised by will, his house in Bishopsgate street, to be
+    converted into habitations and lecture-rooms for seven
+    professors or lecturers on seven liberal sciences, who were
+    to receive a salary out of the revenues of the Royal
+    Exchange. Gresham College was subsequently converted into the
+    modern general excise-office; but _the places_ are still
+    continued, with a double salary for the loss of apartments,
+    and the lectures are delivered gratuitously twice a day in a
+    small room in the Royal Exchange, during term-time. The will
+    of the founder has not, however, been actually carried into
+    execution. As we hate "solemn farce" and "ignorance in
+    stilts," we hope "scrutiny will not be stone blind" in this
+    matter. A more useful man than Sir Thomas Gresham is not to
+    be found in British biography, and it is painful to see his
+    good intentions frustrated.
+
+    _Sion College_ is situated near London Wall, to the south of
+    Fore-street. It was founded in 1623 by the rector of St.
+    Dunstan's in the west, for the London clergy. The whole body
+    of rectors and vicars within the city are fellows of this
+    college, and all the clergy in and near the metropolis may
+    have free access to its extensive and valuable library.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+SUPERSTITIONS ON THE WEATHER.
+
+_From Sir H. Davy's Salmonia; or, Days of Fly-fishing.
+(In Conversations.)_
+
+    POIETES, a Tyro in Fly-fishing.--PHYSICUS, an uninitiated
+    Angler, fond of inquiries in natural history, &c.--HALIEUS,
+    an accomplished fly-fisher.--ORNITHER, a sporting gentleman.
+
+_Poietes_. I hope we shall have another good day to-morrow, for
+the clouds are red in the west.
+
+_Physicus_. I have no doubt of it, for the red has a tint of
+purple.
+
+_Halieus_. Do you know why this tint portends fine weather?
+
+_Phys_. The air, when dry, I believe, refracts more red, or
+heat-making rays; and as dry air is not perfectly transparent, they
+are again reflected in the horizon. I have generally observed a
+coppery or yellow sun-set to foretell rain; but, as an indication of
+wet weather approaching, nothing is more certain than a halo round
+the moon, which is produced by the precipitated water; and the
+larger the circle, the nearer the clouds, and consequently the more
+ready to fall.
+
+_Hal_. I have often observed that the old proverb is correct--
+
+  A rainbow in the morning is the shepherd's warning:
+  A rainbow at night is the shepherd's delight.
+
+Can you explain this omen?
+
+_Phys_. A rainbow can only occur when the clouds containing or
+depositing the rain are opposite to the sun,--and in the evening the
+rainbow is in the east, and in the morning in the west; and as our
+{35} heavy rains in this climate are usually brought by the westerly
+wind, a rainbow in the west indicates that the bad weather is on the
+road, by the wind, to us; whereas the rainbow in the east proves
+that the rain in these clouds is passing from us.
+
+_Poiet_. I have often observed, that when the swallows fly
+high, fine weather is to be expected or continued; but when they fly
+low, and close to the ground, rain is almost surely approaching. Can
+you account for this?
+
+_Hal_. Swallows follow the flies and gnats, and flies and gnats
+usually delight in warm strata of air; and as warm air is lighter,
+and usually moister, than cold air, when the warm strata of air are
+high, there is less chance of moisture being thrown down from them
+by the mixture with cold air; but when the warm and moist air is
+close to the surface, it is almost certain that, as the cold air
+flows down into it, a deposition of water will take place.
+
+_Poiet_. I have often seen sea-gulls assemble on the land, and
+have almost always observed that very stormy and rainy weather was
+approaching. I conclude that these animals, sensible of a current of
+air approaching from the ocean, retire to the land to shelter
+themselves from the storm.
+
+_Ornither_. No such thing. The storm is their element; and the
+little petrel enjoys the heaviest gale, because, living on the
+smaller sea-insects, he is sure to find his food in the spray of a
+heavy wave--and you may see him flitting above the edge of the
+highest surge. I believe that the reason of this migration of
+sea-gulls, and other sea-birds, to the land, is their security of
+finding food; and they may be observed, at this time, feeding
+greedily on the earth-worms and larva, driven out of the ground by
+severe floods: and the fish, on which they prey in fine weather in
+the sea, leave the surface and go deeper in storms. The search after
+food is the principal cause why animals change their places. The
+different tribes of the wading birds always migrate when rain is
+about to take place; and I remember once, in Italy, having been long
+waiting, in the end of March, for the arrival of the double snipe in
+the Campagna of Rome, a great flight appeared on the 3rd of April,
+and the day after heavy rain set in, which greatly interfered with
+my sport. The vulture, upon the same principle, follows armies; and
+I have no doubt that the augury of the ancients was a good deal
+founded upon the observation of the instincts of birds. There are
+many superstitions of the vulgar owing to the same source. For
+anglers, in spring, it is always unlucky to see single magpies,--but
+two may be always regarded as a favourable omen; and the reason is,
+that in cold and stormy weather, one magpie alone leaves the nest in
+search of food, the other remaining sitting upon the eggs or the
+young ones; but when two go out together, it is only when the
+weather is warm and mild, and favourable for fishing.
+
+_Poiet_. The singular connexions of causes and effects, to
+which you have just referred, make superstition less to be wondered
+at, particularly amongst the vulgar; and when two facts naturally
+unconnected, have been accidentally coincident, it is not singular
+that this coincidence should have been observed and registered, and
+that omens of the most absurd kind should be trusted in. In the west
+of England, half a century ago, a particular hollow noise on the
+sea-coast was referred to a spirit or goblin, called Bucca, and was
+supposed to foretell a shipwreck: the philosopher knows that sound
+travels much faster than currents in the air, and the sound always
+foretold the approach of a very heavy storm, which seldom takes
+place on that wild and rocky coast without a shipwreck on some part
+of its extensive shores, surrounded by the Atlantic.
+
+_Phys_. All the instances of omens you have mentioned are
+founded on reason; but how can you explain such absurdities as
+Friday being an unlucky day, the terror of spilling salt, or meeting
+an old woman? I knew a man of very high dignity, who was exceedingly
+moved by these omens, and who never went out shooting without a
+bittern's claw fastened to his button-hole by a riband, which he
+thought ensured him good luck.
+
+_Poiet_. These, as well as the omens of death-watches, dreams,
+&c., are for the most part founded upon some accidental
+coincidences; but spilling of salt, on an uncommon occasion, may, as
+I have known it, arise from a disposition to apoplexy, shown by an
+incipient numbness in the hand, and may be a fatal symptom; and
+persons, dispirited by bad omens, sometimes prepare the way for evil
+fortune; for confidence in success is a great means of ensuring it.
+The dream of Brutus, before the field of Pharsalia, probably
+produced a species of irresolution and despondency, which was the
+principal cause of his losing the battle: and I have heard that the
+illustrious sportsman to whom you referred just now, was always
+observed to shoot ill, because he shot carelessly, after one of his
+dispiriting omens.
+
+_Hal_. I have in life met with a few {36} things which I found
+it impossible to explain, either by chance coincidences or by
+natural connexions; and I have known minds of a very superior class
+affected by them,--persons in the habit of reasoning deeply and
+profoundly.
+
+_Phys_. In my opinion, profound minds are the most likely to
+think lightly of the resources of human reason; and it is the pert,
+superficial thinker, who is generally strongest in every kind of
+unbelief. The deep philosopher sees chains of causes and effects so
+wonderfully and strangely linked together, that he is usually the
+last person to decide upon the impossibility of any two series of
+events being independent of each other; and in sciences, so many
+natural miracles, as it were, have been brought to light,--such as
+the fall of stones from meteors in the atmosphere, the disarming of
+a thunder-cloud by a metallic point, the production of fire from ice
+by a metal white as silver, and referring certain laws of motion of
+the sea to the moon,--that the physical inquirer is seldom disposed
+to assert, confidently, on any abstruse subjects belonging to the
+order of natural things, and still less so on those relating to the
+more mysterious relations of moral events and intellectual natures.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DEVIL'S HOLE, KIRBY STEPHEN.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+At about three quarters of a mile east of Kirby Stephen,
+Westmoreland, is a bridge of solid rock, known by the name of
+_Staincroft Bridge_ or Stonecroft Bridge, under which runs a
+small but fathomless rivulet. The water roars and gushes through the
+surrounding rocks and precipices with such violence, as almost to
+deafen the visitor. Three or four yards from the bridge is an
+immense abyss, where the waters "incessantly roar," which goes by
+the name of _Devil's Hole_; the tradition of which is, that two
+lovers were swallowed up in this frightful gulf. The neighbouring
+peasants tell a tale of one _Deville_, a lover, who, through
+revenge, plunged his fair mistress into these waters, and afterwards
+followed her. How far this story may get belief, I know not; but
+such they aver is the truth, while they mournfully lament the sad
+affair.--They point out a small hole in the bank where you may hear
+the waters dashing with fury against the projecting rocks. This,
+some imagine to be the noise of infernal spirits, who have taken up
+their abode in this tremendous abyss; while others persist in their
+opinion, that the lover's name was _Deville_, and that it
+retains his name to this day, in commemoration of the horrid deed.
+
+I have seen, and taken a view of the frightful place, which may
+rather be imagined than described. One part of the water was
+formerly so narrow, that a wager was laid by a gentleman that he
+could span it with the thumb and little finger, and which he would
+have accomplished, but his adversary, getting up in the night time,
+chipped a piece off the rock with a hammer, and thus won the wager.
+It is now, however, little more than from a foot and a half, to two
+feet broad, excepting at the falls and _Devil's Hole_. The
+water runs into the Eden at the distance of about a mile or two from
+Staincroft Bridge. Trout are caught with the line and net in great
+quantities, and are particularly fine here.
+
+W.H.H.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+ANECDOTES OF A TAMED PANTHER.
+
+BY MRS. BOWDICH.
+
+
+    [Mrs. Bowdich is the widow of Mr. Thomas Edward Bowdich,
+    who fell a victim to his enterprize in exploring the
+    interior of Africa, in 1824. Mr. B. was a profound classic
+    and linguist and member of several learned societies in
+    England and abroad. In 1819 he published, in a quarto
+    volume, his "Mission to Ashantee," a work of the highest
+    importance and interest. Mrs. B., whose pencil has
+    furnished embellishments for her husband's literary
+    productions, has published "Excursions to Madeira, &c.,"
+    and this amiable and accomplished lady has now in course
+    of publication, a work on the Fresh-water Fishes of Great
+    Britain.--The subsequent anecdotes are of equal interest
+    to the student of natural history and the general reader,
+    especially as they exhibit the habits and disposition of
+    the Panther in a new light. The Ounce, a variety of the
+    Panther is, however, easily tamed and trained to the chase
+    of deer, the gazelle, &c.--for which purpose it has long
+    been employed in the East, and also during the middle ages
+    in Italy and France.--Mr. Kean, the tragedian, a few years
+    since, had a tame _Puma_, or American Lion, which he
+    kept at his house in Clarges-street, Piccadilly, and
+    frequently introduced to large parties of company.--ED.]
+
+I am induced to send you some account of a panther which was in my
+possession for several months. He and another were found when very
+young in the forest, apparently deserted by their mother. They were
+taken to the king of Ashantee, in whose palace they lived several
+weeks, when my hero, being much larger than his companion, suffocated
+him in a fit of romping, and was then sent to Mr. Hutchison, the
+resident left by Mr. Bowdich at Coomassie. This gentleman, observing
+that the animal was very docile, took pains to tame him, and in a great
+measure succeeded. When he was about a year old, Mr. Hutchison returned
+to Cape Coast, and had him led through the country by a chain,
+occasionally letting {37} him loose when eating was going forward, when
+he would sit by his master's side, and receive his share with
+comparative gentleness. Once or twice he purloined a fowl, but easily
+gave it up to Mr. Hutchison, on being allowed a portion of something
+else. The day of his arrival he was placed in a small court, leading to
+the private rooms of the governor, and after dinner was led by a thin
+cord into the room, where he received our salutations with some degree
+of roughness, but with perfect good-humour. On the least encouragement
+he laid his paws upon our shoulders, rubbed his head upon us, and his
+teeth and claws having been filed, there was no danger of tearing our
+clothes. He was kept in the above court for a week or two, and evinced
+no ferocity, except when one of the servants tried to pull his food
+from him; he then caught the offender by the leg, and tore out a piece
+of flesh, but he never seemed to owe him any ill-will afterwards. He
+one morning broke his cord, and, the cry being given, the castle gates
+were shut, and a chase commenced. After leading his pursuers two or
+three times round the ramparts, and knocking over a few children by
+bouncing against them, he suffered himself to be caught, and led
+quietly back to his quarters, under one of the guns of the fortress.
+
+By degrees the fear of him subsided, and orders having been given to
+the sentinels to prevent his escape through the gates, he was left at
+liberty to go where he pleased, and a boy was appointed to prevent him
+from intruding into the apartments of the officers. His keeper,
+however, generally passed his watch in sleeping; and Sai, as the
+panther was called, after the royal giver, roamed at large. On one
+occasion he found his servant sitting on the step of the door, upright,
+but fast asleep, when he lifted his paw, gave him a blow on the side of
+his head which laid him flat, and then stood wagging his tail, as if
+enjoying the mischief he had committed. He became exceedingly attached
+to the governor, and followed him every-where like a dog. His favourite
+station was at a window of the sitting-room, which overlooked the whole
+town; there, standing on his hind legs, his fore paws resting on the
+ledge of the window, and his chin laid between them, he appeared to
+amuse himself with what was passing beneath. The children also stood
+with him at the window; and one day, finding his presence an
+encumbrance, and that they could not get their chairs close, they used
+their united efforts to pull him down by the tail. He one morning
+missed the governor, who was settling a dispute in the hall, and who,
+being surrounded by black people, was hidden from the view of his
+favourite. Sai wandered with a dejected look to various parts of the
+fortress in search of him; and, while absent on this errand, the
+audience ceased, the governor returned to his private rooms, and seated
+himself at a table to write. Presently he heard a heavy step coming up
+the stairs, and, raising his eyes to the open door, he beheld Sai. At
+that moment he gave himself up for lost, for Sai immediately sprang
+from the door on to his neck. Instead, however, of devouring him, he
+laid his head close to the governor's, rubbed his cheek upon his
+shoulder, wagged his tail, and tried to evince his happiness.
+Occasionally, however, the panther caused a little alarm to the other
+inmates of the castle, and the poor woman who swept the floors, or, to
+speak technically, the _pra-pra_ woman, was made ill by her fright. She
+was one day sweeping the boards of the great hall with a short broom,
+and in an attitude nearly approaching to all-fours, and Sai, who was
+hidden under one of the sofas, suddenly leaped upon her back, where he
+stood in triumph. She screamed so violently as to summon the other
+servants, but they, seeing the panther, as they thought, in the act of
+swallowing her, one and all scampered off as quickly as possible; nor
+was she released till the governor, who heard the noise, came to her
+assistance. Strangers were naturally uncomfortable when they saw so
+powerful a beast at perfect liberty, and many were the ridiculous
+scenes which took place, they not liking to own their alarm, yet
+perfectly unable to retain their composure in his presence.
+
+This interesting animal was well fed twice every day, but never given
+any thing with life in it. He stood about two feet high, and was of a
+dark yellow colour, thickly spotted with black rosettes, and from the
+good feeding and the care taken to clean him, his skin shone like silk.
+The expression of his countenance was very animated and good-tempered,
+and he was particularly gentle to children; he would lie down on the
+mats by their side when they slept, and even the infant shared his
+caresses, and remained unhurt. During the period of his residence at
+Cape Coast, I was much occupied by making arrangements for my departure
+from Africa, but generally visited my future companion every day, and
+we, in consequence, became great friends before we sailed. He was
+conveyed on board the vessel in a large, wooden cage, thickly barred in
+the front with iron. {38} Even this confinement was not deemed a
+sufficient protection by the canoe men,[1] who were so alarmed at
+taking him from the shore to the vessel, that, in their confusion, they
+dropped cage and all into the sea. For a few minutes I gave up my poor
+panther as lost, but some sailors jumped into a boat belonging to the
+vessel, and dragged him out in safety. The beast himself seemed
+completely subdued by his ducking, and as no one dared to open his cage
+to dry it, he rolled himself up in one corner, nor roused himself till
+after an interval of some days, when he recognised my voice. When I
+first spoke, he raised his head, held it on one side, then on the
+other, to listen; and when I came fully into his view, he jumped on his
+legs, and appeared frantic; he rolled himself over and over, he howled,
+he opened his enormous jaws and cried, and seemed as if he would have
+torn his cage to pieces. However, as his violence subsided, he
+contented himself with thrusting his paws and nose through the bars of
+the cage, to receive my caresses.
+
+The greatest treat I could bestow upon my favourite was lavender water.
+Mr. Hutchison had told me that, on the way from Ashantee, he drew a
+scented handkerchief from his pocket, which was immediately seized on
+by the panther, who reduced it to atoms; nor could he venture to open a
+bottle of perfume when the animal was near, he was so eager to enjoy
+it. I indulged him twice a week by making a cup of stiff paper, pouring
+a little lavender water into it, and giving it to him through the bars
+of his cage: he would drag it to him with great eagerness, roll himself
+over it, nor rest till the smell had evaporated. By this I taught him
+to put out his paws without showing his nails, always refusing the
+lavender water till he had drawn them back again; and in a short time
+he never, on any occasion, protruded his claws when offering me his
+paw.
+
+We lay eight weeks in the river Gaboon, where he had plenty of
+excellent food, but was never suffered to leave his cage, on account of
+the deck being always filled with black strangers, to whom he had a
+very decided aversion, although he was perfectly reconciled to white
+people. His indignation, however, was constantly excited by the pigs,
+when they were suffered to run past his cage; and the sight of one of
+the monkeys put him in a complete fury. While at anchor in the
+before-mentioned river, an orang-outang (Simia Satyrus) was brought for
+sale, and lived three days on board; and I shall never forget the
+uncontrollable rage of the one, or the agony of the other, at this
+meeting. The orang was about three feet high, and very powerful in
+proportion to his size; so that when he fled with extraordinary
+rapidity from the panther to the further end of the deck, neither men
+nor things remained upright when they opposed his progress: there he
+took refuge in a sail, and although generally obedient to the voice of
+his master, force was necessary to make him quit the shelter of its
+folds. As to the panther, his back rose in an arch, his tail was
+elevated and perfectly stiff, his eyes flashed, and, as he howled, he
+showed his huge teeth; then, as if forgetting the bars before him, he
+tried to spring on the orang, to tear him to atoms. It was long before
+he recovered his tranquillity; day and night he appeared to be on the
+listen; and the approach of a large monkey we had on board, or the
+intrusion of a black man, brought a return of his agitation.
+
+We at length sailed for England, with an ample supply of provisions;
+but, unhappily, we were boarded by pirates during the voyage, and
+nearly reduced to starvation. My panther must have perished had it not
+been for a collection of more than three hundred parrots, with which we
+sailed from the river, and which died very fast while we were in the
+northwest trades. Sai's allowance was one per diem, but this was so
+scanty a pittance that he became ravenous, and had not patience to pick
+all the feathers off before he commenced his meal. The consequence was,
+that he became very ill, and refused even this small quantity of food.
+Those around tried to persuade me that he suffered from the colder
+climate; but his dry nose and paw convinced me that he was feverish,
+and I had him taken out of his cage; when, instead of jumping about and
+enjoying his liberty, he lay down, and rested his head upon my feet. I
+then made him three pills, each containing two grains of calomel. The
+boy who had the charge of him, and who was much attached to him, held
+his jaws open, and I pushed the medicine down his throat. Early the
+next morning I went to visit my patient, and found his guard sleeping
+in the cage with him; and having administered a further dose to the
+invalid, I had the satisfaction of seeing him perfectly cured by the
+evening. On the arrival of the vessel in the London Docks, Sai was
+taken ashore, and presented to the Duchess of York, who placed him in
+Exeter Change, to be taken care of, till she herself went to Oatlands.
+He {39} remained there for some weeks, and was suffered to roam about
+the greater part of the day without any restraint. On the morning
+previous to the Duchess's departure from town, she went to visit her
+new pet, played with him, and admired his healthy appearance and gentle
+deportment. In the evening, when her Royal Highness' coachman went to
+take him away, he was dead, in consequence of an inflammation on his
+lungs--_Loudon's Magazine of Natural History._
+
+[1: The panther in these countries is a sacred, or Fetish,
+    animal; and not only a heavy fine is extorted from those
+    who kill one, but the Fetish is supposed to revenge his
+    death by cursing the offender.]
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Manners & Customs of all Nations.
+
+SACRAMENTAL BREAD.
+
+
+The church of Rome, in the height of its power, was extremely
+scrupulous in all that related to the sacramental bread. According
+to Steevens, in his _Monasticon_, they first chose the wheat,
+grain by grain, and washed it very carefully. Being put into a bag,
+appointed only for that use, a servant, known to be a just man,
+carried it to the mill, worked the grindstones, covering them with
+curtains above and below; and having put on himself an albe, covered
+his face with a veil, nothing but his eyes appearing. The same
+precaution was used with the meal. It was not baked till it had been
+well washed; and the warden of the church, if he were either priest
+or deacon, finished the work, being assisted by two other religious
+men, who were in the same orders, and by a lay brother, particularly
+appointed for that business. These four monks, when matins were
+ended, washed their faces and hands. The three first of them put on
+albes; one of them washed the meal with pure, clean water, and the
+other two baked the hosts in the iron moulds. So great was the
+veneration and respect, say their historians, the monks of Cluni
+paid to the Eucharist! Even at this day, in the country, the baker
+who prepares the sacramental wafer, must be appointed and authorized
+to do it by the Catholic bishop of the district, as appears by the
+advertisement inserted in that curious book, published annually,
+_The Catholic Laity's Directory_.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+FOSTER CHILDREN.
+
+
+There still remains in the Hebrides, though it is passing fast away,
+the custom of fosterage. A laird, a man of wealth and eminence,
+sends his child, either male or female, to a tacksman or tenant to
+be fostered. It is not always his own tenant, but some distant
+friend that obtains this honour; for an honour such a trust is very
+reasonably thought. The terms of fosterage seem to vary in different
+islands. In Mull, the father sends with his child a certain number
+of cows, to which the same number is added by the fosterer. The
+father appropriates a proportionable extent of ground, without rent,
+for their pasturage. If every cow bring a calf, half belongs to the
+fosterer, and half to the child; but if there be only one calf
+between two cows, it is the child's; and when the child returns to
+the parents, it is accompanied with all the cows given, both by the
+father and by the fosterer, with half of the increase of the stock
+by propagation. These beasts are considered as a portion, and called
+_Macalive_ cattle, &c.
+
+Children continue with the fosterer perhaps six years; and cannot,
+where this is the practice, be considered as burdensome. The
+fosterer, if he gives four cows, receives likewise four, and has,
+while the child continues with him, grass for eight without rent,
+with half the calves, and all the milk, for which he pays only four
+cows, when he dismisses his _dalt_, for that is the name for a
+fostered child.--_Johnson's Journey_.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE IRISH PEOPLE.
+
+
+Holinshed, speaking of the Irish, observes:--"Greedy of praise they
+be, and fearful of dishonour; and to this end they esteem their
+poets, who write Irish learnedly, and pen their sonnets heroical,
+for the which they are bountifully rewarded; if not, they send out
+libels in dispraise, whereof the lords and gentlemen stand in great
+awe. They love tenderly their foster children, and bequeath to them
+a child's fortune, whereby they nourish sure friendship,--so
+beneficent every way, that commonly 500 cows and better are given in
+reward to win a nobleman's child to foster; they love and trust
+their foster children more than their own. Proud they are of long
+crisped bushes of hair, which they term _libs_. They observe
+divers degrees, according to which each man is regarded. The basest
+sort among them are little young wasps, called _daltins_: these
+are lacqueys, and are serviceable to the grooms, or horseboys, who
+are a degree above the daltins. The third degree is the
+_kaerne_, which is an ordinary soldier, using for weapon his
+sword and target, and sometimes his piece, being commonly so good
+marksmen, as they will come within a score of a great cartele. The
+fourth degree is a _gallowglass_, using a kind of poll-axe for
+his weapon, strong, robust men, chiefly feeding on beef, pork, and
+butter. The fifth degree is to be a horseman, which is the {40}
+chiefest, next to the lord and captain. These horsemen, when they
+have no stay of their own, gad and range from house to house, and
+never dismount till they ride into the hall, and as far as the
+tables."
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MARRIAGE.
+
+The minister of Logierait, in Perthshire, in his statistical account
+of that parish, supplies us with the following curious information
+on this and other marriage ceremonies:--"Immediately before the
+celebration of the marriage ceremony, every knot about the bride and
+bridegroom (garters, shoe-strings, strings of petticoats, &c.) is
+carefully loosed. After leaving the church, the whole company walk
+round it, keeping the church walls always upon the right hand; the
+bridegroom, however, first retires one way, with some young men, to
+tie the knots that were loosened about him, while the young married
+woman, in the same manner, retires somewhere else to adjust the
+disorder of her dress."
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NEEDFIRE.
+
+The following extract contains a distinct and interesting account of
+this very ancient superstition, as used in Caithness:
+
+"In 1788, when the stock of any considerable farmer was seized with
+the murrain, he would send for one of the charm doctors to
+superintend the raising of a _needfire_. It was done by
+friction, thus: upon any small island, where the stream of a river
+or burn ran on each side, a circular booth was erected, of stone and
+turf, as it could be had, in which a semicircular or highland couple
+of birch, or other hard wood, was set; and, in short, a roof closed
+on it. A straight pole was set up in the centre of this building,
+the upper end fixed by a wooden pin to the top of the couple, and
+the lower end in an oblong _trink_ in the earth or floor; and
+lastly, another pole was set across horizontally, having both ends
+tapered, one end of which was supported in a hole in the side of the
+perpendicular pole, and the other end in a similar hole in the
+couple leg. The horizontal stick was called the auger, having four
+short arms or levers fixed in its centre, to work it by; the
+building having been thus finished, as many men as could be
+collected in the vicinity, (being divested of all kinds of metal in
+their clothes, &c.) would set to work with the said auger, two after
+two, constantly turning it round by the arms or levers, and others
+occasionally driving wedges of wood or stone behind the lower end of
+the upright pole, so as to press it the more on the end of the
+auger; by this constant friction and pressure, the ends of the auger
+would take fire, from which a fire would be instantly kindled, and
+thus the _needfire_ would be accomplished. The fire in the
+farmer's house, &c. was immediately quenched with water, a fire
+kindled from this _needfire_, both in the farm-house and
+offices, and the cattle brought to feel the smoke of this new and
+sacred fire, which preserved them from the murrain. So much for
+superstition.--It is handed down by tradition, that the ancient
+Druids superintended a similar ceremony of raising a sacred fire,
+annually, on the first day of May. That day is still, both in the
+Gaelic and Irish dialects, called _La-bealtin, i.e._ the day
+of Baal's fire, or the fire dedicated to Baal, or the sun."
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+UNSPOKEN WATER.
+
+In Scotland, water from under a bridge, over which the living pass
+and the dead are carried, brought in the dawn or twilight to the
+house of a sick person, without the bearer's speaking, either in
+going or returning, is called _Unspoken Water_.
+
+The modes of application are various. Sometimes the invalid takes
+three draughts of it before anything is spoken. Sometimes it is
+thrown over the houses the vessel in which it was contained being
+thrown after it. The superstitious believe this to be one of the
+most powerful charms that can be employed for restoring a sick
+person to health.
+
+The purifying virtue attributed to water, by almost all nations, is
+so well known as to require no illustration. Some special virtue has
+still been ascribed to silence in the use of charms, exorcisms, &c.
+I recollect, says Mr. Jamieson, being assured at Angus, that a
+Popish priest in that part of the country, who was supposed to
+possess great power in curing those who were deranged, and in
+exorcising demoniacs, would, if called to see a patient, on no
+account utter a single word on his way, or after arriving at the
+house, till he had by himself gone through all his appropriate forms
+in order to effect a cure. Whether this practice might be founded on
+our Lord's injunction to the Seventy, expressive of the diligence he
+required, Luke x. 4, "Salute no man by the way," or borrowed from
+heathen superstition, it is impossible to ascertain. We certainly
+know that the Romans viewed silence as of the utmost importance in
+their sacred rites. Hence the phrase of Virgil,---
+
+  "Fida silentia sacris."
+
+_Fauere sacris, fauere linguis_, and {41}_pascere
+linguam_, were forms of speech appropriated to their sacred
+rites, by which they enjoined silence, that the act of worship might
+not be disturbed by the slightest noise or murmur. Hence also they
+honoured Harpocrates as the god of silence; and Numa instituted the
+worship of a goddess under the name of _Tacita_.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF DISCOVERY
+
+FILTERING APPARATUS.
+
+
+_(To the Editor of the Mirror.)_
+
+[Illustration:
+A A. The Pot.
+B B. The Triangular Board.
+C.   The Cover.
+D.   Vessel to receive the Filtered Water.
+E.   Dotted Line, showing the Proportion of
+     Charcoal and Sand.]
+
+Herewith I send you an outline drawing of an economical filtering
+apparatus, suitable for the use of any dwelling. Its construction is
+perfectly simple, and at the cost of a few shillings in its
+erection. The pot consists of an unglazed inverted vessel,
+manufactured at potteries for the use of sugar-bakers, and placed
+through a hole in a triangular board, resting upon two ledges,
+occupying a corner in a kitchen or any other apartment. In the
+inside of the pot a bushel of the whitest sand is to be introduced;
+which sand, after being washed in a clean tub with about three
+changes of water, to dissolve and clear away the clayey matter, is
+to be mixed with half a peck of finely-bruised charcoal. This will
+fill about one-third of the pot; but before the sand is placed in
+the vessel, the small hole at the bottom of the pot should have an
+oyster-shell placed over it, with the convex side uppermost, to
+prevent the sand washing through. This filters foul water perfectly
+pellucid and clear very quickly, as I have seen its effects for
+years with the most perfect success. When the sand becomes foul by
+time, it can be taken out and washed, or fresh materials can be
+repeated; great care should be observed not to put more water in the
+pot than your vessel underneath will receive.
+
+JNO. FIELD.
+
+*       *       *       *       *
+
+
+_Effects of Lightning_.
+
+
+The analogy between the electric spark, and more especially of the
+explosive discharge of the Leyden jar, with atmospheric lightning
+and thunder, is too obvious to have escaped notice, even in the
+early periods of electrical research. It had been observed by Dr.
+Wall and by Gray, and still more pointedly remarked by the Abbe
+Nollet. Dr. Franklin was so impressed with the many points of
+resemblance between lightning and electricity, that he was convinced
+of their identity, and determined to ascertain by direct experiment
+the truth of his bold conjecture. A spire which was erecting at
+Philadelphia he conceived might assist him in this inquiry; but,
+while waiting for its completion, the sight of a boy's kite, which
+had been raised for amusement, immediately suggested to him a more
+ready method of attaining his object. Having constructed a kite by
+stretching a large silk handkerchief over two sticks in the form of
+a cross, on the first appearance of an approaching storm, in June
+1752, he went out into a field, accompanied by his son, to whom
+alone he had imparted his design. Having raised his kite, and
+attached a key to the lower end of the hempen string, he insulated
+it by fastening it to a post, by means of silk, and waited with
+intense anxiety for the result. A considerable time elapsed without
+the apparatus giving any sign of electricity, even although a dense
+cloud, apparently charged with lightning, had passed over the spot
+on which they stood. Franklin was just beginning to despair of
+success, when his attention was caught by the bristling up of some
+loose fibres on the hempen cord; he immediately presented his
+knuckle to the key, and received an electric spark. Overcome with
+the emotion {42} inspired by this decisive evidence of the great
+discovery he had achieved, he heaved a deep sigh, and conscious of
+an immortal name, felt that he could have been content if that
+moment had been his last. The rain now fell in torrents, and wetting
+the string, rendered it conducting in its whole length; so that
+electric sparks were now collected from it in great abundance.
+
+It should be noticed, however, that about a month before Franklin
+had made these successful trials, some philosophers, in particular
+Dalibard and De Lors, had obtained similar results in France, by
+following the plan recommended by Franklin. But the glory of the
+discovery is universally given to Franklin, as it was from his
+suggestions that the methods of attaining it were originally
+derived.
+
+This important discovery was prosecuted with great ardour by
+philosophers in every part of Europe. The first experimenters
+incurred considerable risk in their attempts to draw down
+electricity from the clouds, as was soon proved by the fatal
+catastrophe, which, on the 6th of August, 1753, befel Professor
+Richman, of Petersburg. He had constructed an apparatus for
+observations on atmospherical electricity, and was attending a
+meeting of the Academy of Sciences, when the sound of distant
+thunder caught his ear. He immediately hastened home, taking with
+him his engraver, Sokolow, in order that he might delineate the
+appearances that should present themselves. While intent upon
+examining the electrometer, a large globe of fire flashed from the
+conducting rod, which was insulated, to the head of Richman, and
+passing through his body, instantly deprived him of life. A red spot
+was found on his forehead, where the electricity had entered, his
+shoe was burst open, and part of his clothes singed. His companion
+was struck down, and remained senseless for some time; the door-case
+of the room was split, and the door itself torn off its hinges.
+
+The protection of buildings from the effects of lightning, is the
+most important practical application of the theory of electricity.
+Conductors for this should be formed of metallic rods, pointed at
+the upper extremity, and placed so as to project a few feet above
+the highest part of the building they are intended to secure; they
+should be continued without interruption till they descend into the
+ground, below the foundation of the house. Copper is preferable to
+iron as the material for their construction, being less liable to
+destruction by rust, or by fusion, and possessing also a greater
+conducting power. The size of the rods should be from half an inch
+to an inch in diameter, and the point should be gilt, or made of
+platina, that it may be more effectually preserved from corrosion.
+An important condition in the protecting conductor is, that no
+interruption should exist in its continuity from top to bottom; and
+advantage will result from connecting together by strips of metal
+all the leaden water pipes, or other considerable masses of metal in
+or about the building, so as to form one continuous system of
+conductors, for carrying the electricity by different channels to
+the ground. The lower end of the conductors should be carried down
+into the earth till it reaches either water, or at least a moist
+stratum.--_Library of Useful Knowledge._
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+The Sketch-Book.
+
+THE MYSTERIOUS TAILOR.
+
+_A Romance of High Holborn._
+
+
+It came to pass that, towards the close of 1826, I found occasion to
+change my tailor, and by chance, or the recommendation of friends--I
+cannot now remember which--applied to one who vegetated in that
+particular region of the metropolis where the rivers of
+Museum-street and Drury-lane (to adopt the language of metaphor)
+flow into and form the capacious estuary of High Holborn. Whoever
+has sailed along, or cast anchor in this confluence, must have seen
+the individual I allude to. He sits--I should perhaps say sat,
+inasmuch as he is since defunct--bolt upright, with a pen behind his
+ear, in the centre of a dingy, spectral-looking shop, quaintly hung
+round with clothes, of divers forms and patterns, in every stage of
+existence--from the first crude conception of the incipient surtout
+or pantaloons, down to the last glorious touch that immortalizes the
+artist. His figure is slim and undersized; his cheeks are sallow,
+with two furrows on each side his nose, filled not unfrequently with
+snuff; his eyes project like lobsters', and cast their shifting
+glances about with a vague sort of mysterious intelligence; and his
+voice--his startling, solemn, unearthly voice--seems hoarse with
+sepulchral vapours, and puts forth its tones like the sighing of the
+wind among tombs. With regard to his dress, it is in admirable
+keeping with his countenance. He wears a black coat, fashioned in
+the mould of other times, with large cloth buttons and flowing
+skirts; drab inexpressibles, fastened at the knee with brass
+buckles; gaiters, which, reaching no higher than the calf of the
+leg, set up independent claims to eccentricity and exact
+consideration on their own account; creaking, square-toed shoes; and
+a hat, broad in front, pinched up at the sides, verging to an angle
+behind, and worn close over the forehead, with the lower part
+resting on the nose. His manner is equally peculiar; it cannot be
+called vulgar, nor yet genteel--for it is too passive for the one,
+and too pompous for the other; it forms, say, a sort of compromise
+between the two, with a slight infusion of pedantry that greatly
+adds to its effect.
+
+On reaching this oddity's abode, I at once proceeded to business;
+and was promised, in reply, the execution of my order on the
+customary terms of credit. Thus far is strictly natural. The clothes
+came home, and so, with admirable punctuality, did the bill; but the
+death of a valued friend having withdrawn me, soon afterwards, from
+London, six months elapsed; at the expiration of which time I was
+refreshed, as agreed on, by a pecuniary application from my tailor.
+Perhaps I should here mention, to the better understanding of my
+tale, that I am a medical practitioner, of somewhat nervous
+temperament, derived partly from inheritance, and partly from an
+inveterate indulgence of the imagination. My income, too--which
+seldom or never encumbers a surgeon who has not yet done walking the
+hospitals--is limited, and, at this present period, was so far
+contracted as to keep me in continual suspense. In this predicament
+my tailor's memorandum was any thing but satisfactory. I wrote
+accordingly to entreat his forbearance for six months longer, and,
+as I received no reply, concluded that all was satisfactorily
+arranged. Unluckily, however, as I was strolling, about a month
+afterwards, along the Strand, I chanced to stumble up against him.
+The shock seemed equally unexpected on both sides; but my tailor (as
+being a dun) was the first to recover self-possession; and, with a
+long preliminary hem!--a mute, but expressive compound of
+remonstrance, apology, and resolution--opened his fire as follows:--
+
+"I believe, sir, your name is D----?"
+
+"I believe it is, sir."
+
+"Well, then, Mr. D----, touching that little account between us, I
+have to request, sir, that--"
+
+"Very good; nothing can be more reasonable; wait the appointed time,
+and you shall have all."
+
+This answer served, in some degree, to appease him; no, not exactly
+to appease him, because that would imply previous excitement, and he
+was invariably imperturbable in manner; it satisfied him, however,
+for the present, and he forthwith walked away, casting on me that
+equivocal sort of look with which Ajax turned from Ulysses, or Dido
+from AEneas, in the Shades.
+
+A lapse of a few weeks ensued, during which I heard nothing further
+from my persecutor; when, one dark November evening--one of those
+peculiarly English evenings, full of fog and gloom, when the
+half-frozen sleet, joined in its descent by gutters from the
+house-tops, comes driving full in your face, blinding you to all
+external objects--on one of these blessed evenings, on my road to
+Camden Town, I chanced to miss my way, and was compelled,
+notwithstanding a certain shyness towards strangers, to ask my
+direction of the first respectable person I should meet. Many passed
+me by, but none sufficiently prepossessing; when, on turning down
+some nameless street that leads to Tottenham Court-road, I chanced
+to come behind a staid-looking gentleman, accoutred in a dark brown
+coat, with an umbrella--the cotton of which had shrunk half-way up
+the whalebone--held obliquely over his head. Hastily stepping up to
+him, "Pray, sir," said I, "could you be kind enough to direct me to
+---- place, Camden Town?"
+
+The unknown, thus addressed, made the slightest possible inclination
+towards me; and then, in an under tone, "I believe, sir, your name
+is D----?"
+
+I paused; a vague sort of recollection came over me. Could it
+be?--no, surely not! And yet the voice--the manner--the--the--
+
+My suspicions were soon converted into certainty, when the stranger,
+with his own peculiar expression, quietly broke forth a second time
+with, "Touching that little account--"
+
+This was enough; it was more than enough--it was vexatiously
+superfluous. To be dunned for a debt, at the very time when the
+nerves could best dispense with the application; to be recalled back
+to the vulgarities of existence, at that precise moment when the
+imagination was most abstracted from all commercial common-places;
+to be stopped by a tailor, (and such a tailor!) when the mind was
+dreaming of a mistress--the bare idea was intolerable! So I thought;
+and, without further explanation, hurried precipitately from the
+spot, nor ever once paused till far removed from the husky tones of
+that sepulchral voice which had once before so highly excited my
+annoyance.
+
+[The narrater then visits one of Mr. Champagne Wright's masquerades,
+where he falls in love with a _fresco_ nun. He receives a
+billet.]
+
+
+I stood like one bewildered; but, soon recovering my self-possession,
+moved direct towards the chandelier, with a view to peruse an
+epistle expressive of woman's fondest love. As with glistening
+eyes I proceeded to tear open the billet, a flood of transporting
+thoughts swept over me. I fancied that I was on the eve of
+acquaintance with ----; but, judge my astonishment, when, instead
+of the expected document, the key to such transporting bliss, I
+read, engraved in large German text, on a dirty square card,
+embossed at the edge with flowers, the revolting, business-like
+address of
+
+
+  Mr. Thomas M----e,
+       Tailor,
+  116, High Holborn.
+
+
+It so happened that, the next day, I dined with C----. Of course the
+masquerade, and with that the tailor, were the first topics of
+conversation between us. Both allowed that the circumstances
+respecting his late appearance were uncommon; but there, with my
+friend, the matter ended: with me it was a more enduring subject for
+reflection; and, after a night kept up till a late hour over a bowl
+of C----'s most faultless punch, I set out, moody and apprehensive,
+to my humble abode. By this time it was past three o'clock; the
+streets were nearly all deserted.--While thoughtfully plodding
+onwards, a sudden noise from the Holborn end of Drury-lane took my
+attention; it evidently proceeded from a row--a systematic,
+scientific row; and, indeed, as I drew near the scene of action, I
+could distinctly hear the watchman's oaths blending in deep chorus
+with the treble of some dozen or two valorous exquisites.
+
+I felt certain rising abstract ideas of pugnacity, and conceived
+myself bound to indulge them on the first head and shoulders I
+should meet. This spirit brought me at once into the thick of the
+fight, and, before I was well aware of my proximity, I found myself
+fast anchored alongside a veteran watchman, with a pigtail and half
+a nose. The conflict now commenced in good earnest; there were few
+or no attempts at favouritism; the blows of one friend told equally
+well on the scull of another; watchman assaulted watchman with a
+zeal respectable for its sincerity; and, indeed, had these last been
+any thing more than a bundle of old coats and oaths, they would most
+undoubtedly have drubbed each other into a better world. After a
+lively and well-sustained affair of about twenty minutes, a squadron
+of auxiliary watchmen arrived, and, with some difficulty, deposited
+us all safely in the watch-house. And here the very first person
+that met my gaze--seated, with due regard to dignity, in an
+arm-chair, a pair of spectacles on his nose, a glass of
+brandy-and-water by his side, and a newspaper, redolent of cheese,
+before him--was the constable of the night--the nun of the
+masquerade--the Mysterious Tailor of High Holborn! The wretch's eyes
+gleamed with a savage but subdued joy at the recognition; a low,
+chuckling laugh escaped him; while his dull countenance, made doubly
+revolting by the dim light of the watch-house, fell, fixed and
+scowling, upon me, as he pointed towards the spot where I
+stood.--"Dobson," he exclaimed; and, at the word, forth stepped the
+owner of this melodious appellative, with "this here man."--Luckily,
+before he could finish his charge, a five-shilling-piece, which I
+thrust into his unsuspecting palm, created a diversion among the
+watchmen in my behalf; under favour of which, while my arch enemy
+was adjusting his books, I contrived to escape from his detested
+presence.
+
+It happened that about a month subsequent to this last rencontre,
+circumstances led me to Bologne, whither I arrived, late in the
+evening, by the steamboat. On being directed to the best English
+hotel in that truly social Anglo-Gallic little town, I chanced to
+find in the coffee-room an old crony, whom I had known years since
+at Cambridge, and who had just arrived from Switzerland, on a
+speculation connected with some vineyards.
+
+I had a thousand questions to ask my friend, a thousand memories to
+disinter from their graves in my heart, past follies to re-enact,
+past scenes to re-people. We began with our school-days, pursued the
+subject to Cambridge, carried it back again to Reading, and thence
+traced it through all its windings, now in sunshine, now in gloom,
+till the canvass of our recollection was fairly filled with
+portraits. In this way, time, unperceived, slipped on; noon deepened
+into evening, evening blackened into midnight, yet nothing but our
+wine was exhausted.
+
+At last, after a long evening spent in the freest and most social
+converse, my friend quitted the coffee-room, while I--imitating, as
+I went, the circumlocutory windings of the Meander--proceeded to my
+allotted chamber. Unfortunately, on reaching the head of the first
+staircase, where two opposite doors presented themselves, I opened
+(as a matter of course) the wrong one, which led me into a spacious
+apartment, in which were placed two fat, full-grown beds. My lantern
+happening to go out at the moment, I was compelled to forego
+all further scrutiny, so without more ado, flung off my clothes,
+and dived, at one dexterous plunge, right into the centre
+of the nearest vacant bed. In an instant I was fast asleep;
+my imagination, oppressed with the day's events, had become
+fairly exhausted, and I now lay chained down in that heavy,
+dreamless sleep, which none but fatigued travellers can appreciate.
+Towards daybreak, I was roused by a peculiar long-drawn snore,
+proceeding from the next bed. The music, though deep, was gusty,
+vulgar, and ludicrous, like a west wind whistling through a
+wash-house. I should know it among a thousand snores. At first I
+took no notice of this diversified sternutation, but as it deepened
+every moment in energy, terminating in something like a groan, I was
+compelled to pay it the homage of my admiration and astonishment.
+This attention, however, soon flagged; in a few minutes I was a
+second time asleep, nor did I again awake till the morning was far
+advanced. At this eventful juncture, while casting my eyes round the
+room with all the voluptuous indolence of a jaded traveller, they
+suddenly chanced to fall on a gaunt, spectral figure, undressed,
+unwashed, unshaved, decked out in a red worsted night-cap, its left
+cheek swollen, as if with cold or tooth-ache, and seated bolt
+upright in the very next bed, scarce six inches off my nose. And
+this figure was----but I need add no more; the reader must by this
+time have fully anticipated my discovery.
+
+That night I started from Bologne. I could no more have endured to
+stop there, conscious that the town contained my persecutor, than I
+could have flown. Accordingly, after a hurried breakfast, I
+proceeded to arrange what little business I had to transact; and
+this completed, away I posted to the well-known shop of Monsieur
+----, dentist, perruquier, and general agent to the steam-packet
+company. Fortunately the little man was at home, and received me
+with his usual courtesy. He was very, very sorry that he could not
+stay to converse with me, but a patient in the inner parlour
+required his immediate attendance; he must therefore--. I
+entreated him not to apologize; my business was simple--it was
+merely to ascertain at what hour the first packet sailed; and having
+so said, and received a satisfactory reply, I prepared to quit the
+shop, when just as I was turning round to shut the door, I caught a
+glimpse through the half-closed curtains that shaded the inner room
+of a cheek and one eye. The cheek was swollen, and a solitary patch
+of snuff rested, like a fly, upon its surface. It was the Mysterious
+Tailor; he had come in to have his tooth pulled out.
+
+Notwithstanding my anxiety to quit Bologne, it was evening before I
+was on board the packet; nor did I feel myself at ease, until the
+heights had dwindled to a speck, and the loud carols of the
+fishermen returning home from their day's sport, had sunk into a
+faint, undistinguished whisper. Our vessel's course for the first
+hour or so was delightful. Towards night, the weather, which had
+hitherto proved so serene, began to fluctuate; the wind shifted, and
+gradually a heavy swell came rolling in from the north-east towards
+us. As the hour advanced, a storm seemed advancing with it; and a
+hundred symptoms appeared, the least of which was fully sufficient
+to certify the coming on of a tremendous hurricane. Our captain,
+however--a bronzed, pinched-up little fellow, whom a series of
+north-westers seemed to have dried to a mummy--put a good face on
+the matter, and our mate whistled bluffly, though I could not help
+fancying that his whistle had something forced about it.
+
+We had by this time been tossing about upwards of four hours, yet
+despite the storm, which increased every moment in energy, our
+vessel bore up well, labouring and pitching frightfully to be sure,
+but as yet uninjured in sail, mast, or hull. As for her course, it
+was--so the mate assured me--"a moral impossible to say which way we
+were bound, whether for a trip to Spain, Holland, or Van Dieman's
+Land; it might be one, it might be t'other." Scarcely had he uttered
+these words, when a long rolling sea came sweeping on in hungry
+grandeur towards us, and at one rush tore open the ship's gun-wale,
+which now, completely at the mercy of the wave, went staggering,
+drunken, and blindfold, through the surge. From this fatal moment
+the sailors were kept constantly at the pumps, although so
+instantaneous was the rush of water into the hold, that they did
+little or no good; there seemed, in fact, not the ghost of a chance
+left us; even the mate had ceased whistling, and the captain's oaths
+began to assume the nature of a compromise between penitence and
+hardihood.
+
+It was now midnight, deep, awful midnight; the few remaining
+passengers had left the deck and retreated into a bed which they
+shared in common with the salt water. The Captain stood, like one
+bewildered, beside the helm, while I lay stretched along the
+forecastle, watching, as well as I could, the tremendous rushing of
+the waves. It was during a partial hush of the storm, when the wind,
+as if out of breath, was still, that a shifting light attached
+to some moving body, came bearing down full upon us.
+
+"This is an ugly night, sir," said the Captain, who now, for the
+first time, found words, "yet methinks I see a sail a-head."
+
+"Surely not," I replied, "no earthly vessel but our own can live on
+such a sea."
+
+Scarcely had the words escaped me, when "helm a lee!" was roared out
+in a loud emphatic tone, something between rage and fright.
+
+The captain strove to turn his helm, but in vain, the rudder had
+lost all power. At this instant, a rushing sound swept past us, and
+the two ships came in direct contact with each other. The crash was
+tremendous: down with a dizzy spinning motion went the strange
+vessel; one yell--but one shrill piercing yell, which is ever
+sounding in my ears, ensued--a pause, and all was over.
+
+My heart died within me at that cry; an icy shudder crept through
+me, every hair of my head seemed endowed with separate vitality. To
+go down into the tomb--and such a tomb!--unwept, unknown, the very
+lights from the English coast still discernible in distance, yet not
+a friend to hold forth aid; the idea was inexpressibly awful. Just
+at this crisis, while grasping the bannister with weak hands, I lay
+faint and hopeless on the deck, I fancied I saw a dark figure
+crawling up the cabin-steps towards me. I listened; the sound drew
+near, the form advanced, already it touched that part of the
+staircase to which I clung. Was it the phantom of one of those
+wretches who had just met death? Had it come fresh from eternity,
+the taint of recent earth yet hanging about it, to warn me of my own
+departure? A sudden vivid flash enabled me to dispel all doubt; the
+dull, grey eye, and thin furrowed form, were not to be so mistaken;
+the voice too--but why prolong the mystery? it was my old
+unforgotten persecutor, the Mysterious Tailor of High Holborn. What
+followed I know not: overpowered by previous excitement, and the
+visitation of this infernal phantom, my brain spun round--my heart
+ticked audibly like a clock--my tongue glued to my mouth--I sank
+senseless at the cabin door.
+
+_(To be concluded in our next.)_
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS
+
+NORFOLK PUNCH.
+
+AN INCANTATION.
+
+
+  Twenty quarts of real Nantz,
+  Eau-de-vie of southern France;
+  By Arabia's chemic skill,
+  Sublimed, condensed, in trickling still;
+  'Tis the grape's abstracted soul,
+  And the first matter of the bowl.
+
+  Oranges, with skins of gold,
+  Like Hesperian fruit of old,
+  Whose golden shadow wont to quiver
+  In the stream of Guadalquiver,
+  Glowing, waving as they hung
+  Mid fragrant blossoms ever young,
+  In gardens of romantic Spain,--
+  Lovely land, and rich in vain!
+  Blest by nature's bounteous hand,
+  Cursed with priests and Ferdinand!
+  Lemons, pale as Melancholy,
+  Or yellow russets, wan and holy.
+  Be their number twice fifteen,
+  Mystic number, well I ween,
+  As all must know, who aught can tell
+  Of sacred lore or glamour spell;
+  Strip them of their gaudy hides,
+  Saffron garb of Pagan brides,
+  And like the Argonauts of Greece,
+  Treasure up their Golden Fleece.
+
+  Then, as doctors wise preserve
+  Things from nature's course that swerve,
+  Insects of portentous shape--worms,
+  Wreathed serpents, asps, and tape-worms,
+  Ill-fashion'd fishes, dead and swimming,
+  And untimely fruits of women;
+  All the thirty skins infuse
+  In Alcohol's Phlogistic dews.
+  Steep them--till the blessed Sun
+  Through half his mighty round hath run--
+  Hours twelve--the time exact
+  Their inmost virtues to extract.
+
+  Lest the potion should be heady,
+  As Circe's cup, or gin of Deady,
+  Water from the crystal spring.
+  Thirty quarterns, draw and bring;
+  Let it, after ebullition,
+  Cool to natural condition.
+  Add, of powder saccharine,
+  Pounds thrice five, twice superfine;
+  Mingle sweetest orange blood,
+  And the lemon's acid flood;
+  Mingle well, and blend the whole
+  With the spicy Alcohol.
+
+  Strain the mixture, strain it well
+  Through such vessel, as in Hell
+  Wicked maids, with vain endeavour,
+  Toil to fill, and toil for ever.
+  Nine-and-forty Danaides,
+  Wedded maids, and virgin brides,
+  (So blind Gentiles did believe,)
+  Toil to fill a faithless sieve;
+  Thirsty thing, with naught content,
+  Thriftless and incontinent.
+
+  Then, to hold the rich infusion,
+  Have a barrel, not a huge one,
+  But clean and pure from spot or taint,
+  Pure as any female saint--
+  That within its tight-hoop'd gyre
+  Has kept Jamaica's liquid fire;
+  Or luscious Oriental rack,
+  Or the strong glory of Cognac,
+  Whose perfume far outscents the Civet,
+  And all but rivals rare Glenlivet.
+
+  To make the compound soft as silk,
+  Quarterns twain of tepid milk,
+  Fit for babies, and such small game,
+  Diffuse through all the strong amalgame.
+  The fiery souls of heroes so do
+  Combine the _suaviter in modo_,
+  Bold as an eagle, meek as Dodo.
+
+  Stir it round, and round, and round,
+  Stow it safely under ground,
+  Bung'd as close as an intention
+  Which we _are_ afraid to mention;
+  Seven days six times let pass,
+  Then pour it into hollow glass;
+  Be the vials clean and dry,
+  Corks as sound as chastity;--
+  Years shall not impair the merit
+  Of the lively, gentle spirit.
+
+  Babylon's Sardanapalus,
+  Rome's youngster Heliogabalus,
+  Or that empurpled paunch, Vitellius,
+  So famed for appetite rebellious--
+  Ne'er, in all their vastly reign,
+  Such a bowl as this could drain.
+  Hark, the shade of old Apicius
+  Heaves his head, and cries--Delicious!
+  Mad of its flavour and its strength--he
+  Pronounces it the real Nepenthe.
+
+  'Tis the Punch, so clear and bland,
+  Named of Norfolk's fertile land,
+  Land of Turkeys, land of Coke,
+  Who late assumed the nuptial yoke--
+  Like his county beverage,
+  Growing brisk and stout with age.
+  Joy I wish--although a Tory--
+  To a Whig, so gay and hoary--
+  May he, to his latest hour,
+  Flourish in his bridal bower--
+  Find wedded love no Poet's fiction,
+  And Punch the only contradiction.
+
+_Blackwood's Magazine._
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER
+
+DUELLING.
+
+Two French officers resident at Kermanshaw, lately quarrelled; a
+challenge ensued; but a reconciliation was effected; when the
+incident drew forth the following natural and affecting remark from
+a native:--"How foolish it is for a man who wishes to kill his
+enemy, to expose his own life, when he can accomplish his purpose
+with so much greater safety, by shooting at him from behind a rock."
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SPINNING VIRTUE.
+
+A young preacher, who chose to enlarge to a country congregation on
+the beauty of _virtue_, was surprised to be informed of an old
+woman, who expressed herself highly pleased with his sermon, that
+her daughter was the most _virtuous_ woman in the parish, for "that
+week she had spun sax spyndles of yarn."--_Sir W. Scott._
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+AT LINCOLN
+
+There is a beautiful painted window, which was made by an
+apprentice, out of the pieces of glass which had been rejected by
+his master. It is so far superior to every other in the church,
+that, according to the tradition, the vanquished artist killed
+himself from mortification.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+A great lawyer in the sister kingdom, when asked by the viceroy,
+what Captain Keppel meant by his "_Personal_ Travels in India, &c."
+replied, that lawyers were wont to use this word in contradistinction
+to "_Real_."
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is said that the intestines of the Carolina parrot are an
+instantaneous poison to cats.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHINESE DUNNING.
+
+When a debtor refuses payment in China, the creditor, as a last
+resource, threatens to carry off the door of his house on the first
+day of the year. This is accounted the greatest misfortune that
+could happen, as in that case there would be no obstruction to the
+entrance of evil genii. To avoid this consummation, a debtor not
+unfrequently sets fire to his house on the last night of the year.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+During the times of Catholicism in Scotland, _Fishing_ was
+prohibited from the Sabbath after vespers, till Monday after
+sunrise. This was termed _Setterday's Slopp_.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE TOWER OF BABEL,
+
+says a recent traveller in the east, now presents the appearance of
+a large mound or hill, with a castle on the top, in mounting to
+which, the traveller now and then discovers, through the light sandy
+soil, that he is treading on a vast heap of bricks. The total
+circumference of the ruin is 2,286 feet, though the building itself
+was only 2,000, allowing 500 to the stadia, which Herodotus assigns
+as the side of its square. The elevation of the west side is 198
+feet. What seems to be a castle at a distance, when examined, proves
+to be a solid mass of kiln-burnt bricks, 37 feet high, and 28 broad.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+SPANISH LITERATURE.
+
+
+The Spaniards are particularly averse to borrowing from the
+intellectual treasures of other nations. They glean the field of
+their own muses to the very last ear, and then commence the same
+labour over again.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+EVERY MAN HIS OWN LAWYER.
+
+
+Here is a well-turned reply to plaintiff's counsel, available in all
+suits and times. It occurred in the trial of Lord Danby, in the time
+of Charles II. "If the gentleman were as just to produce all he
+knows for me, as he hath been malicious to show what may be liable
+to misconstruction against me, no man could vindicate me more than
+myself."
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In modern education there is a lamentable lack of veneration for the
+great masters of English literature. Spenser, Milton, and Dryden are
+altogether less familiar to the present generation than they were to
+that which preceded it. "We will not say that our Shakspeare is
+neglected, for his age is ever fresh and green, and he comes
+reflected back to us from a thousand sources, whether in the
+tranquillity of home, the turbulent life of capitals, or the
+solitude of travel through distant lands."--_Edin. Rev._
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+RISE AND FALL.
+
+
+What an idea of the dismantling of our nature do the few words which
+Roper, Sir Thomas More's son-in-law, relates, convey! He had seen
+Henry VIII. walking round the chancellor's garden at Chelsea, with
+his arm round his neck; he could not help congratulating him on
+being the object of so much kindness. "I thank our lord, I find his
+grace my very good lord indeed; and I believe he doth as singularly
+favour me as any subject in his realm. However, son Roper, I may
+tell thee, I have no cause to be proud thereof, for if my head
+would win a castle in France, it would not fail to be struck
+off."--_Edinburgh Review._
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is not only room, but use, for all that God has made in his
+wisdom--a use not the less real, because not always tangible, or
+immediate.--_Ibid._
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+Nicholas Brady, (the coadjutor of Tate, in arranging the New Version
+of Psalms,) published a translation of the AEneid of Virgil, which
+(says Johnson,) when dragged into the world, did not live long
+enough to cry.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+Blue appears to be the most important of all colours in the
+gradations of society. A licensed beggar in Scotland, called a
+bedesmen, is so privileged on receiving a _blue_ gown. Pliny informs
+us that blue was the colour in which the Gauls clothed their slaves;
+and _blue_ coats, for many ages, were the liveries of servants,
+apprentices, and even of younger brothers, as now of the Blue Coat
+Boys, and of other Blue Schools in the country. Women used to do
+penance in _blue_ gowns. Is it not unseemly that blue which has
+hitherto been the colour of so many unenviable distinctions, should
+be the adopted emblem of liberty--_English True Blue!_
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+SONG.
+
+By JOANNA BAILLIE.
+
+
+  The gliding fish that takes his play
+    In shady nook of streamlet cool,
+  Thinks not how waters pass away,
+    And summer dries the pool.
+
+  The bird beneath his leafy dome
+    Who trills his carol, loud and clear,
+  Thinks not how soon his verdant home
+    The lightning's breath may sear.
+
+  Shall I within my bridegroom's bower
+    With braids of budding roses twined,
+  Look forward to a coming hour
+    When he may prove unkind?
+
+  The bee reigns in his waxen cell,
+    The chieftain in his stately hold,
+  To-morrow's earthquake,--who can tell?
+    May both in ruin fold.
+
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+The Gatherer.
+
+"A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles." SHAKSPEARE.
+
+
+CATS _(again.)_
+
+
+Charles James Fox walking up Bond-street from one of the club-houses
+with an illustrious personage, laid him a wager, that he would see
+more cats than the prince in his walk, and that he might take which
+side of the street he liked. When they got to the top, it was found
+that Mr. Fox had seen thirteen cats, and the prince not one. The
+royal personage asked for an explanation of this apparent miracle;
+Mr. Fox said, "Your royal highness took, of course, the shady side
+of the way, as most agreeable; I knew that the sunny side would be
+left for me, and cats always prefer the sunshine."
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+VAUXHALL WEATHER.
+
+
+It having happened for several successive summers, that wet weather
+took place just as the Vauxhall season commenced, Tom Lowe, Tyers's
+principal vocal performer, accidentally meeting the proprietor,
+expressed an anxious desire to know when he meant to open his
+gardens. "Why are you so particular, Mr. Lowe?" said Jonathan. "I
+have a very good reason, sir, and should like to know the very day."
+"Why, why?" reiterated Tyers, impatiently. "That I may bespeak a
+great coat to sing in; for you know we shall be sure to have rain."
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LAME SINGING.
+
+A few days since, a musicsellers's boy was sent to the publisher's
+for a number of copies of the song "I'd be a Butterfly, arranged for
+_two trebles;_" when, on being desired to repeat his order, he
+replied, "I'd be a Butterfly, arranged for _two cripples._"
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LAUGHTER.
+
+Democritus, who was always laughing, lived one hundred and nine
+years; Heraclitus, who never ceased crying, only sixty. Laughing
+then is best; and to laugh at one another is perfectly justifiable,
+since we are told that the gods themselves, though they made us as
+they pleased, cannot help laughing at us.
+
+                 *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, London;
+Sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic, and by all
+Newsmen and Booksellers._
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT,
+AND INSTRUCTION, VOL. 12, ISSUE 323, JULY 19, 1828***
+
+
+******* This file should be named 12873.txt or 12873.zip *******
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