diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'old/12554-8.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | old/12554-8.txt | 1703 |
1 files changed, 1703 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/old/12554-8.txt b/old/12554-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2dde351 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/12554-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1703 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction + No. 555, Supplement to Volume 19 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: June 8, 2004 [EBook #12554] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, SUPPL. *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Allen Siddle and PG Distributed Proofreaders + + + + + +[Illustration: EARL GREY.] + + + + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION. + + +CONTAINING + +ORIGINAL ESSAYS; HISTORICAL NARRATIVES; BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS; SKETCHES OF +SOCIETY; TOPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTIONS; NOVELS AND TALES; ANECDOTES; + +SELECT EXTRACTS FROM NEW AND EXPENSIVE WORKS; POETRY, ORIGINAL AND +SELECTED; + +THE SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS; DISCOVERIES IN THE ARTS AND SCIENCES; +USEFUL DOMESTIC HINTS; + +&c. &c. &c. + + +VOL. XIX. + +LONDON: + +PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY J. LIMBIRD, 143, STRAND, (Near Somerset-House.) + +1832. + + + + * * * * * + +PREFACE. + + +Here we are with our Nineteenth Volume complete. We do not carry it to +Court to gain patronage, neither do we preface it with a costly dedication +to a purse-proud patron; but we present it at the levee of the people, as +a production in which the information and amusement of one and all are +equally kept in view. We know that instances have occurred of authors +tiring out their patrons. A pleasant story is told of Spencer, who sent +the manuscript of his Faery Queen to the Earl of Southampton, the Mecaenas +of those days; when the earl reading a few pages, ordered the poet to be +paid twenty pounds; reading further, another twenty pounds; and proceeding +still, twenty pounds more; till losing all patience, his lordship cried, +"Go turn that fellow out of the house, for if I read on I shall be ruined." +We have no fear this will be our fate; especially as we strive to effect +all that can be accomplished in our economical form to follow as well as +direct the public taste. + +Experience has taught us in the conduct of nineteen volumes of +this Miscellany, that the most effectual method of conveying instruction, +or aiding the progress of knowledge, is by combining it with amusement; +or, in other words by at once aiming at the head and heart. +The world is already too full of precept upon precept; and a smattering +of principles is too often found in the place of practice. How can +this order of things be improved but by setting forth duties as innocent +pleasures, sweetening utility with entertainment, and garnishing fact +with fancy. A man need not study Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations +to become rich, nor seek the glories of nature in artificial Systems. +But the contrary notion has probably given rise to the observation, that, +"what the present generation have gained in head, they have lost in +heart." It should not, however, be so, with the abundance of materials +we have for social improvement. + +We hope the reader has recognised the influence of these feelings in the +many illustrations of men, manners, and times, which it has ever been our +object to garner into the pages of THE MIRROR. Hence the traits of +domestic life in all ages, and the tales and traditions of the family +hearth, when pointed with a moral, receive our special attention. In this +department, as well as in the playful fancies of poetry, in embellishing +the softer sympathies of nature,--we have been materially aided by our +Correspondents; to all of whom we proffer our best thanks. + +In the present volume, the Public Journals of the day have not been +disregarded; while sterling literature, of the _utile cum dulce_ character, +has been studied; and new books have been consulted, not so much for the +purpose of exposing their defects, as exhibiting their perfections. Art +has contributed its novelties; and the progress of Natural Science has +developed many new beauties appreciable by every reader. + +The ENGRAVINGS are somewhat more numerous than usual; in all numbering +sixty-three; and they are accompanied by illustrative letter-press of +concise, but we trust, entertaining character. + +In Popular Antiquities we may mention Old Fishmongers' Hall, which has +disappeared since the date of our last volume; the Castles of Pontefract, +Wilton, and Dunheved, with traits of their historic lore; the Lady Chapel, +in Southwark, and its changing history; Brighton about a hundred years +since; the Arbalest, or Cross-bow explained with Cuts; Old Bankside, and +the First Theatres; the venerable Melrose on the Tweed; St. Pancras (Old) +Church; and the castellated palace of the Alhambra, in Spain. + +Among the Architectural novelties are the Law Institution, in Chancery +Lane; the Lowther Arcade, in the Strand; Staines New Bridge; and two +scenes of the picturesque wonders of the Colosseum, in the Regent's Park. + +In Zoology, the most popular study of the day, there are upwards of a +score of novelties. Among them are a dozen Vignettes from the Zoological +Gardens in the Regent's Park, and in Surrey; and illustrations of Rare +Arctic Birds observed during the last overland expedition to the Polar Sea, +by Captain Sir John Franklin. + +In the ensuing volume, we have determined upon enlarging our letter-press +page; whilst a new and handsome type has been cast expressly for this work. +By these improvements, as well as by the renewed vigour of our artists, +and a like zeal on our own part, THE MIRROR will be found still worthy of +its old friends, and attractive to new patrons. Its economy need not be +again enforced, although in this respect, our contemplated alterations +cannot but be received as additional points for the encouragement of a +discerning public. + +_London, June 28, 1832._ + + * * * * * + + + + +MEMOIR OF THE RIGHT HON. CHARLES GREY, EARL GREY, K.G., + +FIRST LORD OF HIS MAJESTY'S TREASURY, &c. &c. + + * * * * * + +DE BON VOULOIR SERVIR LE ROI.--_Family Motto._ + + * * * * * + +The family of GREY--the Greys of the North, as they are styled +distinctively from the Greys of the South,[1]--is of Saxon origin.[2] They +have held manors in Northumberland from the earliest records to the +present time. The direct founder of the present branch was Baron Grey of +Werke, ennobled by James I. and advanced to the earldom of Tankerville by +William III. which titles became extinct in 1710; and the heiress carried +the estates by marriage to Charles Bennet, Lord Ossulston, who was, in +consequence, created Earl of Tankerville, in 1714. + + [1] Wilton Castle, on the Wye, was for several centuries the + baronial residence of the Greys of the South, who derived + from it their first title, and became its owners in the time + of Edward I.--See _Mirror_, vol. xiv. p. 305. + + [2] The barony of Werke was given to the family of Ros, Barons of + Hemsley, in Yorkshire, by Henry I. for the service of two + knights' fees, and was in their possession till 1399; but in + the next year was found to belong to Sir Thomas Grey, of + Heton. It gave title of baron in 1622, to Sir William Grey, + who died in 1674. The village of Werke, and its ruined castle, + are all that remain of the possessions of the barony; the + former consisting of a miserable cluster of thatched cottages; + the latter of mere fragments of ashlar work, near its + foundations and lines of its moat. The village stands on the + margin of the Tweed: and the castle is celebrated in the + border annals. Heton, of which we have just spoken, in Edward + the First's reign, belonged to William de Heton; and in the + next reign, to Sir Thomas Grey, captain of Norham Castle. Sir + John Grey, of Heton, in 1420, was graced with the order of St. + George, or the Garter; and from him the estate descended to + the Tankervilles. + +The father of Earl Grey was Sir Charles Grey, who entered the army at an +early age, had a command in the American war, and commanded in chief the +military forces in the expeditions against the French West India Islands, +the successful result of which was the annexing of Martinique, St. Lucie, +Guadaloupe, &c. to our empire. He married, in 1762, Elizabeth, daughter of +George Grey, Esq. of Southwick, in Durham, (of a different family,) by +whom he had five sons and two daughters. He was created Lord Grey of +Howick, in 1801; and Viscount Howick, and Earl Grey, in 1806. He died in +the following year, and was succeeded by his son, Charles, second and +present earl. + +Mr. Grey was born March 13, 1764, and educated at Eton, in the same class +with the late Mr. Lambton, (father of the present Lord Durham,) Mr. +Whitbread, and others, with whom he afterwards acted in political life. He +was then sent to King's College, Cambridge, where he displayed first-rate +abilities. On his leaving the University, he set out on the tour of Europe, +though only eighteen years of age. In Italy, he was introduced to the late +Duke of Cumberland, in whose household he obtained an appointment. He +returned to England in 1786, and soon after his arrival, was, by the +interest of his family, returned to parliament for the county of +Northumberland, when he joined the Whigs, it has been stated, to the +surprise of his family, whose principles were those of Toryism. + +At a subsequent general election, as an expensive contest was expected for +Northumberland, Mr. Grey declined nomination, and was returned to +parliament for Appleby, which borough he represented till his succession +to the peerage. In the House of Commons his great talents soon shone forth; +and, in conjunction with Fox, Sheridan, Lambton, Ponsonby, and others, he +maintained an intrepid opposition to the doctrines of that darling of fame, +Mr. Pitt. Immediately after his entrance into Parliament, his discussion +of the minister's important treaty of commerce, may be said to have +established his reputation, by the force of his eloquence, as well as by +the enlarged views which he seemed to have acquired of commercial +relations; which knowledge is more frequently the result of gradual +experience than of early attainment. + +In these stormy times Mr. Grey ranked among the head and front of +contending politics. He was appointed one of the managers of that +magnificent political drama--the impeachment of Warren Hastings, when he +displayed great acumen in that part of the accusation termed the Benares +Charge. + +In 1791, we find Mr. Grey taking the lead in a measure, which, in the +language of a great orator (Burke) "shed a lustre on the character and +humanity of the nation." The subject to which we allude, was the +melancholy situation of those who were unable to satisfy the demands of +importunate creditors, and consequently subjected to the operation of a +rigorous code of laws. His observation in moving for a parliamentary +committee to inquire into the present practice and effect of imprisonment +for debt is worthy of quotation: "it was desirable to distinguish the +unfortunate debtor from the knavish one, to place the creditor in that +situation which afforded the fairest and the speediest means of +compensation, and to regulate the jails of this country in such a manner +as to prevent unnecessary hardship and restraint. Whether they considered +the practice of confining for debt men who had no means of discharging +such debt, or, on the contrary, fraudulent debtors, whose creditors by no +process could compel them to pay; these circumstances were alone +sufficient to constitute an inquiry into the state of the laws relating to +debtor and creditor." This motion being acceded to, a committee consisting +of Mr. Grey, Mr. Pitt, Sir John Sinclair, Mr. Vansittart, Mr. Martin, the +Attorney and Solicitor Generals, and other legal gentlemen, was +immediately appointed. The origin of this inquiry is an indicative of the +liberal policy of the statesman as it is of the humanity of the mover. + +In 1792, Mr. Grey instituted an inquiry into the conduct of ministers with +regard to the recently threatened hostilities with Russia. His +animadversion upon the vacillating and ruinous measures of government were +characterized by that fearless intrepidity, truth, energy, and eloquence, +which have distinguished his political career. The motion for the inquiry +was lost, though the powerful remarks of the mover drew from Mr. Pitt the +following memorable confession: "All unlimited confidence is +unconstitutional; and I hope the inglorious moment will never arrive, when +this house will abandon the privilege of examining, condemning, and +correcting the abuses in the executive government. It is the dearest +privilege you possess, and should never be relinguished." + +During the schisms occasioned in this country by the French revolution, Mr. +Grey enrolled himself in a political society, called the Friends of the +People. He also became a member of the Whig Club, then in the zenith of +its celebrity. His active advocacy of the cause of a reform in parliament +was equal within and without the house of commons. To quote one of his +Lordship's most recent speeches, "In 1786 he had voted for reform. He had +supported Mr. Pitt in his motion for shortening the duration of +parliaments. He had given his best assistance to the measure of reform +introduced by Mr. Flood, before the French revolution; and, on one or two +different occasions, he had originated motions on the subject."[3] One of +these was in 1793, when he presented a petition for reform and a shorter +duration of parliament, from the Society of the Friends of the People: his +motion for a committee was lost by 280 to 41. Another occasion to which +his Lordship alludes, was in 1797, when he proposed, in his plan of +parliamentary reform, to give to the county of York four new members; to +divide each county into two districts, each returning a member. +Copyholders and leaseholders were to have equal rights of voting with +freeholders, as were all householders paying taxes in cities and boroughs; +and parliaments were to be triennial. This motion was, however, negatived +by 149 votes. + + [3] Speech on the second reading of the Reform Bill, in the House + of Lords, Oct. 4, 1831. + +In 1795, Mr. Grey opposed with great firmness, Mr. Pitt's motion for the +adjustment of the Prince of Wales's debts, and moved for the reduction of +the Prince's income. He professed himself ready to support the real +splendour of the royal family "as any slippery sycophant of a court;" but +said he thought there was more true dignity in manifesting a heart alive +to the distresses of millions, than in all those trappings which encumber +royalty without adorning it. He asked whether the legislature should give +an example of encouraging extravagance at a moment when the prevailing +fashion of prodigality among people of fortune was rapidly destroying +their independence, and making them the tools of the court, and the +contempt of the people. He knew the refusal to pay his debts would be a +severe privation to the Prince of Wales; but it would be a just penalty +for the past, a useful lesson for the future, and a proper deference to +the severe pressure and privations endured by the people. Mr. Grey's +amendment was supported by what was then a strong majority--99 to 260; and +the original motion carried: his conduct on this occasion seems never to +have been forgotten by the Prince of Wales, the Regent or the King. It +should here be mentioned, that, with equal justice, Mr. Grey subsequently +defended the rights of His Royal Highness from the shackles proposed to be +laid on him as Regent. + +Mr. Grey's opposition to Mr. Pitt's measures continued unabated for many +years, while he remained equally steady in his attachment to Mr. Fox. His +bitter hostility to the union between Ireland and England may be said to +have produced one of his most celebrated speeches. Neither was he dazzled, +nor misled by the splendid talents of Burke, at this time in highest +repute. When Mr. Fox was deserted by Lords Fitzwilliam, Carlisle, and +other alarmists, Mr. Grey unchangingly adhered to him; and when Mr. Fox +and Lord Grenville formed a Whig ministry, in 1806, Mr. Grey, then, by his +father's elevation to the peerage, become Lord Howick, was appointed First +Lord of the Admiralty, and one of the Cabinet Council. He next succeeded +Mr. Fox as Secretary for Foreign Affairs, and leader in the House of +Commons. This ministry was ill-formed, and wanted unity of purpose: their +abolition of the Slave Trade was a redeeming measure, in which Lord Howick +bore a conspicuous part; but his lordship's motion for the emancipation of +the Catholics brought about his dismissal from the ministry. + +Lord Howick, soon after, by the death of his father, succeeded to the +title of Earl Grey; and by the death of his uncle, Sir Henry Grey, to the +family estate. Ill health, for a time, kept his lordship from public life: +he retired with no place but that of a Governor of the Charter House, and +without pension or sinecure. Upon the resignation of the Duke of Portland, +in 1809, his successor, Mr. Perceval, proposed a coalition with Lords +Grenville and Grey, which was at once rejected by the latter. In the +following year, his lordship "felt it his duty to arraign and to expose +the gross mismanagement of the government, and their repeated and +dangerous misconduct," in Parliament. In the same session, he charged the +lord chancellor (Eldon) with a crime little short of treason, in having +set the great seal, in 1801 and 1804, to commissions for giving the royal +assent to several bills, whilst the King was in a state of mental +infirmity, under medical care, and subject to personal control. The motion +was negatived by a majority of 189 to 64; "but Lord Eldon has not +forgotten the accusation, or forgiven the mover."[4] In 1812, another +attempt was made to bring Lord Grey, with Lord Grenville, into the cabinet; +but this was rejected as promptly as before. + + [4] Life and Reign of George IV. by William Wallace, Esq. 3 vols. + 1831. + +Lord Grey again retired to private life. In 1817, his lordship reappeared, +and moved an amendment to the parliamentary address to the throne, urging +rigid economy, retrenchment, and an inquiry into the state of the nation. +In the same year he brought before the House of Lords, the notable +circular of Lord Sidmouth for the prosecution of libels by magistrates. +"It is a singular fact," observes an acute historical writer,[5] "that +Lord Grey, on this occasion, made an able and erudite law argument; which +all the law lords, including Lord Ellenborough, made vain efforts to +refute; and which Lord Ellenborough had the manliness to eulogize;" +notwithstanding which Lord Grey's motion for a copy of the opinion of the +law officers of the crown was negatived. + + [5] Life and Reign of George IV. By W. Wallace, Esq. 3 vols. 1831. + +During the trial of Queen Caroline, the wisdom-tempered zeal of Lord Grey +ranked him amongst the most efficient, as he was the most eloquent, of her +defenders: his lordship, in conjunction with Lord King, also made +successive attempts, by motions, to quash the investigation. + +To the administration of the Earl of Liverpool, it need scarcely be added, +Earl Grey was thoroughly hostile: his aversion to the policy of Mr. +Canning was equally decided; and the same independent spirit urged him to +oppose the measures of the Wellington cabinet, except the memorable +measure of Catholic Emancipation, by the proposal of which he had lost +office in the year 1810. His lordship's eloquent efforts in this cause +must be alive in the recollection of the reader. + +We are now fast approaching the consummation of one of the grand objects +of his lordship's political life. By the dissolution of the Wellington +cabinet, in 1830, Lord Grey became at the head of the present +administration. His first act was the introduction of the grand measure +for parliamentary reform, which, for sixteen months past, has interested +the whole population of this mighty empire. His lordship's emphatic +expressions, on this occasion, are "familiar as household words." "He made +it a condition on accepting office, that Parliamentary Reform should be +introduced as a government measure. That condition having been assented to +by his most gracious sovereign, by this measure he was prepared to stand +or fall." Gratifying as would be the task, we need not detail the +incidents of the last few months of his lordship's career. Our eulogium +would be poor indeed, while nine-tenths of the journals of our country are +perpetuating his good deeds; while his political integrity has become +exemplary to every cabinet in Europe; and millions are about to burst +forth in "the loud festivity of mirth" to celebrate the virtue of their +popular minister. + +Earl Grey married in 1794, Mary Elizabeth Brabazon, daughter of Lord +Ponsonby, by whom his lordship has had a numerous family: the eldest son +and heir apparent being Viscount Howick, born in 1802. In our outline of +Lord Grey's public life, the reader may have observed his Lordship's +fondness for the retirement of the domestic circle. This accords with his +recent declaration in parliament: "he was fond of retirement, and in +domestic life he lived happy in the bosom of his family. Nothing could +have tempted him to embark on these stormy seas-- + + Bankrupt of life, but prodigal of ease-- + +nothing but an overpowering sense of the duty which he owed to his +country." Even apart from political distinction, Earl Grey must be +considered happy indeed; but honoured in public and cherished in private +life, his pre-eminence is proud indeed. Shakspeare tells of the "divinity" +that "doth hedge a king:" yet who would enjoy more than the consciousness +of having been true to his sovereign, his country, and his honour. + + * * * * * + + + +INDEX. + +ANECDOTE GALLERY, 277--291--309--375--404. +CORRESPONDENCE in each Number. +COSMOPOLITE, 170--179--211--237--276. +EMBELLISHED ARTICLES in each Number. +FINE ARTS, 90--139--150--164--198--218--393. +GATHERER in each Number. +MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF ALL NATIONS, 22--253--259--297--329--361--405. +NATURALIST, 27--38--56--150--183--245--265--297--311--383--425. +NOTES OF A READER, 23--55--73--92--100--140--152--168--180--200--220 + --235--251--270--279----326--372--413--429. +NOVELIST, 44--59. +OLD POETS, 8. +RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS, 7--38--76--86--174--227--334--419. +SELECT BIOGRAPHY, 105. +SELECTOR, 9--40--69--84--107--121--137--157--172--185--216--228--254 + --261--293--307--324--331--331--358--382--397--407--427. +SKETCH BOOK, 3--20--36--116--136--148--268--313. +SPIRIT OF DISCOVERY, 6--46--54--126--190--283--363--411. +SPIRIT OF PUBLIC JOURNALS, 12--28--42--62--77--91--102--118--133--155 + --165--189--203--213--234--248--264--284--299--316--365--378--394 + --413--420. +TOPOGRAPHER, 124--377. +USEFUL DOMESTIC HINTS, 15--83. + + * * * * * + + + +Abernethy, Mr., Anecdotes of, 40. +Abbot of Tewkesbury, the, 268 +Abstract Studies, 292. +Academy Delia Crusca, Origin of, 406. +Adrian IV., Anecdotes of, 304. +Advent Customs, 22. +Advertisement Extraordinary, 240. +Affection of Animals, 266. +African Expedition, 7 + Horse Race, 216. +Agricultural Societies, Ancient, 229. +Alhambra, Palace of, described, 337. +Alligator on the Ganges, 347. +Altrive Tales, by the Ettrick Shepherd, 254. +America, + Domestic Life in, 180--235--323 + North, Birds of, 356 + Prosperity of, 239. +American English, 236 + Prejudice, 399 + Women, conversation with, 182. +Anagrams, 16. +Anatomists, Skilful, 183. +Anecdotage, 375. +Angel of Departure, Song of, 168 + Welcome, 168. +Angling, Hints on, 183. +Anglo-Saxon Dress, 407. +Animals, Superstition relative to, 170--178--211--237. +Anne Boleyn, 96. +Apologue, Oriental, 336. +Arabian Beauty, 157. +Arbalest, or Cross-bow explained, 161--210 + of Robin Hood, 322. +Arcadian Child Sleeping, 157. +Archbishop, Dancing, 191. +Arctic Birds, rare, 354. +Ark of Noah and Mount Ararat, 382. +Arrows, Poisoned, 192. +Artillery Company, Origin of, 406. +Asmodeus in London, 29. +Ass, Persecution of the, 171. +Astronomical Toasts, 256. +Athenian Lover to his Mistress, 157. +Audubon, the Naturalist, 298. +Aviary in the Zoological Gardens, 273. + +Babylon, Willows of, 411. +Backwoodsman of America, 201. +Ballad Singing, English, 370. +Bamborough Castle described, 327. +Bankrupt Court, the New, 159. +Bankside, Old, 193. +Barbarous Punishments, 253. +Bardic Chorus, 100. +Barn Owl, economy of, 27--38. +Barton Booth, the actor, 192. +Bathing, Nocturnal, 347. +Bear, + errors respecting, 179 + Polar, habits of, 114. +Bed of Leaves, 207. +Bedford Level, 192 + Missal, 192. +Bell-rock Lighthouse, 182. +Beranger, Song from, 370. +Beulah Spa, near Norwood, 225. +Bills of Mortality, Origin of, 76. +Biography, Splendid, 303. +Birds, Structure of, 311. +Birmingham Railway, 190. +Birth Song, 168. +Black Monday, 208. +Blondel de Nesle, a ballad, 28. +Blunder, Conversational, 292. +Bonington, the artist, 168. +Books, New, noticed and quoted: + Adventures of a Younger Son, 157--172. + Advice to Executors, 270. + Annual Biography and Obituary, for 1832, 40. + Arlington, 407. + Bath Guide, New, 94. + Book of Instruction, 93. + Britain's Historical Drama, 100. + British Relations with the Chinese Empire, 220. + Britton's Tunbridge Wells, 376. + Cabinet Annual Register for 1831, 334. + Chantilly, a Novel, 154. + Characteristic Sketches of Animals, by Landseer, 386. + Contarini Fleming, 429. + Contrast, by Earl Mulgrave, 293. + Domestic Manners of the Americans, 180--201. + Elements of Chemistry familiarly explained, 152. + Eugene Aram, 23--57--95--101--142. + Fair of May Fair, 331. + Francis I., a tragedy, by Miss F. Kemble, 170--185. + Frankland's Visit to Russia and Sweden, 84. + Georgian Era, 122--137--278. + Gleanings in Natural History, 245--265. + Hampden and his times, 140. + Herbert's Country Parson, 93. + History of the Reformation in + England, 9 + Italian Republics, 121 + Spain and Portugal, 398. + Hunchback, by J.S. Knowles, 279. + Indian Tale and other Poems, 373. + Knowledge for the People, 25--200--344. + Landers' Travels in Africa, 126--216--231. + Life of Gregory VII., by Sir Roger Greisley, 372. + Life and Reign of George IV., 280. + Lives of Eminent British Military Commanders, 358 + British Painters, 168. + Maid of Elvar, by Allan Cunningham, 351. + Memoirs of Sir Ralph Esher, 105. + Messiah, by Montgomery, 397. + Outline of English History, 95. + Paris and its Historical Scenes, 69. + Pen and Pencil Sketches of India, by Capt. Mundy, 345. + Songs of the Gipsies, 232. + Summer Fête, by Moore, 12. + Tales of the Alhambra, by Washington Irving, 307--337 to 342--361 + Early Ages, 261. + Time's Telescope for 1832, 71. + Tour of a German Prince, 143. + Transactions of the Society of Arts, 283. + Truth of Revelation demonstrated, 382--409--427. + Watts's New Year's Gift, 85. + Zoology of the Northern Parts of British America, 354. +"Boot, to," the phrase, 31. +Botany, Curiosities of, 25. +Bouts Rimés, Origin of, 191. +Box Wood, uses of, 15. +Brahmin Bull, the, 385. +Brazil, a day in, 150. +Brereton, the late Colonel, 105. +Brighton in 1743, 88--124. +British Artists Society, + Exhibition of, 198 + Institution, Visit to, 164 + Museum, the, 152 + Warriors, 358. +Bull and Bear-baiting Theatres, 193. +Bullock, Mr., in America, 236. +Burial, + Science of, 165 + Place in Tongatabu, 184. +Burke, Writings of, 357. +Burns, Birthday of, 73. +Bushy, owners of, 432. + +Calves-head Roll, 416. +Camoens, fate of, 288. +Cambridge Freshman, 43. +Campagna Felice, 383. +Cape Town, Population of, 348. +Capillary Attraction, 303. +Caps, Laws respecting, 303. +Cardinal Spider, the, 266. +Caroline, Queen, death of, 278. +Catching Tigers, 160. +Catholic Religion, dramatic character of the, 189. +Cats, Superstitions relative to, 170. +Caviare to the Multitude, 271. +Cedar Wood, scent of, 342. +Chalk, none in America, 182. +Chancery Suit, to decide, 252. +Chapel at Hampton Wick, 376. +Char, habits of, 425. +Charles + II. at Epsom, 108 + V., Palace of, in the Alhambra, 337. +Cheating in the Law, 252. +Chelsea + Heroines, 416 + Pensioners, Longevity of, 416. +Chemistry, Familiar Elements of, 152. +Child in Prayer, Lines to a, 423. +Children, + Lines on, 8 + Impromptu on, 189. +Chimney-piece, curious, at Exeter, 417. +China, + Picture of, 221 + Varieties of, 324. +Chinese Proverbs, &c., 16. +Chit Chat of the Day, 394. +Cholera, + Vapour Bath in, 6--54 + Notes on, 80--128. +Christ, Portrait of, 87--140. +Cincinnati, + Health in, 236 + Letter from, 323. +Cincinnatus, Modern, 400. +Civil, + Death explained, 270 + War, Lines on, 351. +Claret, Properties of, 192. +Clavering's Autobiography, 420. +Cleopatra's Needles, 291. +Coasting Scrap, 116. +Cock of the Arctic Plains, 355. +Cockney Horsemen, Hints to, 77. +Coffee, + as made in the East, 173 + Shops in London, 222. +Coffin-maker, the, by the Hon. Mrs. Norton, 203. +Coin of Edward III., 275. +Colchester, Lord, 422. +Colosseum, Swiss Cottage at the, 258. +Colton, the late Mr., 403. +Comets, concussion of, with the Earth, 71. +Confessions of Serventius, 44--59. +Congreve, + at Dove Dale, 432 + Rockets, 239. +Cornwall, Scene on the coast of, 313. +Cornwallis, Lord, Mausoleum of, in India, 423. +Count, a noble, 48. +Courage, Cool, 292. +Coventry Charity, 334. +Counterfeit Kings, 176. +Cowley, the poet, 105. +Cows in America, 236. +Crime, Progress of, 379. +Crocodiles on the Mississippi, 235. +Cromwell, + Lely's Portrait of, 109 + his Fun, 112. +Cross-bow, History of the, 162. +Crowland Abbey, 228. +Crucifixion, + the, 398 + Hilton's Picture of, 90. +Cumberland Titles, 239. +Curfew Bell, custom of, 253--273--307. + +Dancers, Aged, 416. +David and Goliath, 411. +De Lolme, Politics of, 421. +Deer, errors respecting, 179. +Delft or Dutch Ware, 283. +Deluge, the, 382--410. +Demosthenes, Studies of, 291. +Devil's Sonata, the, 42. +Diamonds in Brazil, 234. +Dibdin, Rev. Dr., 423. +Dirge of Death, 168. +Dispute, an odd one, 373. +Dogs, Superstitions relative to, 171. +Doll's Eyes, Trade in, 336. +Drama, decline of, 55. +Druid's Chair, sitting in, 261. +Druids and Mistletoe, 336. +Drunkenness in old London, 176. +Ducks, instinct of, 426. +Duc de Bordeaux, the young, 271. +Dunheved Castle, described, 401. +Dutch Rushes, 426. +Dwarfs, Russian, 84. +Dying Maiden's Pardon to her faithless lover, 291. + +Early Rising, 96. +East India Company, origin of, 221. +Echo Puns, 240. +Eclipse at Boossa, 281. +Economic Hints, 15. +Eels, economy of, 246. +Effrontery, 292. +Eggs, duty on, 336. +Egypt, + court of, a sketch, 413 + researches in, 96. +Elegy, from the German, 291. +Elliston and the Ass' Head, 91. +Emu, + economy of, 267 + house, 273. +Encroachers on Commons, 20. +Entomology, curious fact in, 298. +Epitaphs, in Wiltshire, 48. +Epsom Races, origin of, 329--361. +Ettrick Shepherd, dinner to, 73. +Eugene Aram, scene from, 23--56--95--102. +Evening, + lines to, 147 + lines on, 352. +Every man in his humour, 36. +Expedition, African, 7. + +Facetiae of Hierocles, 24. +Fairies, lines on, 8. +Fame, lines on, 352. +Farmer, Dr. of Cambridge, 421. +Fashion, ennui of, 326. +Feathers, economy of collecting, 83. +Felony, classic, 384. +Fiddling, poetry, 400. +Fights of wild beasts, 346. +Fines and Recoveries, 252. +Fire of London, 109. +Fire Temples in Persia, 297. +First born, a song, 156. +Fish, superstitions respecting, 212. +Fishing in Canada, 210. +Fishmongers' + Arms, 17 + Hall, ancient, 17. +Fitzherbert, Mrs., 143. +Floating Scheme, 76. +Fortune-telling in high life, 144. +Forty-ninth Birthday, 133. +Fowler, Sir Thomas, his Lodge at Islington, 392. +Fox's Book of Martyrs characterized, 10. +Fox-hunting, expenses of, 223. +Fragments on Human Life, 115. +Franking Letters, 160. +Frederick I. of Prussia, 47. +French + Cruelty, 292 + Drama, scene from, 118 + Literature, recent, 349 + Revolution, scenes from, 62--69. +Friendship, lines on, 224. +Fright, effects of, 7. +Fuel, economical, 15. + +Galley Slaves, a tale, 299. +Gardens and promenades, 399. +Garratt Election, 415. +Garrick Club, 144. +George + I. and II. anecdotes of, 277--278 + II., humanity of, 400 + IV., character of, 123--280. +Gipsey Fortune-teller, lines to, 164. +Glass, enamel paintings on, 219. +Gleanings in Natural History, 245--265. +Glee, a legal one, 251. +Gluttony, royal and noble, 35. +Goats, fabulous account of, 170. +God, supremacy of, 9. +Goldsmith, Oliver, 147. +Good Samaritan, parable of, 410. +Gorhambury, fete at, 304. +Governess, qualifications for, 176. +Greek Sailors, 76. +Greenwich Hospital, 400. +Groaning Tree of Baddesley, 419. +Grouse, rocky mountain, 356. +Gurnard and Sprat, habits of, 311. +Gutting the Fish, 64. + +Hail at Lausanne, 342. +Half-hanged Anne Green, 47. +Hainet and Raschid, a tale, 82. +Hamlet, ditty in, 32. +"Happy Jerry," anecdotes of, 273. +Harlow's Triul of Queen Katherine, 219. +Haydon's Pictures, 150--218. +Heating with Hot Water, 411. +Heating Rooms, 152. +Heckington, Holy Sepulchre at, 19. +Hemans, Mrs., sketch of, 358. +Henri III. of France, 154. +Henry I., speech of, 38. +Henry VII., character of England by, 304. +Hindoo Burial Service, 406. +Hip! Hip! Hurra! origin of, 208. +Hogg, James, dinner to, 73. +Hogs in America, 182. +Hoadley and Oldfield's Paintings on Glass, 219. +Hobbes at Chatsworth, 404. +Hobby-horse, the, 228. +Holly Leaves, medicinal use of, 412. +Holy Land, 228. +Hope, lines on, 34. +Horace Walpole, 421. +Horse Racing, origin of in England, 329--361. +Human Life, fragments on, 115. +Humbug, origin of, 159. +Humming-bird, a song, 323. +Hurley in Berkshire, account of, 419. +Hyaena, fables of, 171. +Hyde Park in America, 399. + +Iceland, desolation of, 96. +Inclosure Acts, 252. +Infancy, lines on, 318. +Ink Spots, to remove, 84. +Insects, superstitions respecting, 180--211. +Instinct allied to reason, 246. +Iron Trade, British, 46. +Irish character, traits of, 291. +Isabel of Spain, character of, 415. +Isaiah, lines on, 398. +Italian + Climate, 383 + Inn, 383 + Landscape, 383. +Italian Warfare, character of, 121. +Italy, Horticultural Tour in, 382. + +Jackal, errors respecting, 179. +Jardin de Plantes, described, 85. +Jay, remarkable, 298. +Jests of the Ancients, 24. +Justice, laconic, 76. + +Kemble, Miss, Tragedy by, 170--185. +Kensington Palace, expenses of, 302. +King John at the Cape, 347. +King of Kippen, the, 303. +Knaresborough Castle, 142. +Knight's Return, the, 244. + +Labourers' Friend Society, 148. +Laconics, or Guesses at Truth, 52--67--82--242--196--99. +Lady, lines to, on her age, 370. +Lady Chapel, Southward, 97--131. +Lamp, primitive one, 288. +Lancashire, improvement of, 326. +Landers' Journey to the Niger, 126--216--229--281. +Lark, lines to, 211. +Last Dying Speech and Confession of the Immortal Gods, 264. +Law of Arrest, the, 155. +Law Institution in Chancery Lane, 33--53. +Laws, ancient, 227. +Leather, manufacture of in Canada, 368. +Legal Rhymes, 197. +Lemons, sweet, 383. +Leopards, hunting with, 347. +Letter from London, 15. +Liberty in Rome, 121. +Library, a queer one, 272. +Light on the ears of a horse, 425. +Lions, tame, 32. +Lizard and Crocodile, 180. +London, Philosophy of, 133. +London and the Provinces Compared, 316. +Love, Court and Country, 372. +Love of Country, 352. +Love, French-English, 32. +Love's Kerchief, 35. +Lowther Arcade, the, 210. +Loyalist, a staunch one, 256. +Lulworth, a day at, 102. +Lyall's Geology, extract from, 57. +Lynx, errors respecting, 179. +Lyons, city of, 32. + +Macauley, Mrs., 421. +Madagascar, isle of, 172. +Magdalenes in church, 320. +Magic, state of, in Egypt, 248. +Maid's First Love, 352. +Man, agency of in extinguishing and spreading the species, 57. +Manager, duties of, 287. +Manchester Botanic Garden at, 129. +Manna, fall of, 427. +Manorial Right, curious, 23. +March of Mind, 178. +Marlborough, Life of, 359. +Mariguano, battle of, 122. +Marketing in America, 237. +Marriage Tree, 256. +Martinet, the, 213. +Martin's Picture on Glass, 219. +Martyr Student, the, 120. +Mary of Cambria, a sonnet, 388. +Massena's Tomb in Pere la Chaise, 357. +Mauritius, the, 172. +May Day Games, 259. +Melrose Abbey, history of, 241. +Men compared with Bees, 285. +Milan, Panorama of, 392. +Minstrelsy of Scotland, 352. +Mirabeau, character of, 422. +Modern Building, 134. +Monkey-houses, in the Zoological Gardens, 114. +Monkey Island, 369. +Moorhen, the, 266. +Morning in London, 134. +Morning, lines to, 99. +Morrice Dances of Robin Hood, 260. +Mortality in the Reign of William IV., 208. +"Mother Carey's Chickens," origin of, 306. +Moving Houses in America, 237. +Munden, biography of, 105. +Mungo Park, death of, 229. +Music, + effect of, 223 + old English, 189. +Muswell Hill, origin of, 304. +My Fire, a sketch, 20. + +Napier, Hon. Mrs., a sketch, 3. +Napoleon + at St. Helena, 403 + 's residence at St. Helena, 348 + tomb, 374. +Naples, fruit at, 384. +Nasmyth, the artist, 139. +Naturalists', three enthusiastic, 183. +Navy, ancient British, 7--86. +New South Wales, society in, 318. +New Zealand, islands in, 7. +Newton, + his mode of study, 193 + 's Weather-wisdom, 288. +Newtown Pippin, the, 399. +Nicknames, 175. +Niger, + river, night on, 126 + sailing on the, 231. +Night, lines on, 8. +Nightmare, lines on, 98. +Nobles of Johanna, 207. +Non-proposals, or Doubts resolved, 284. +Northcote and William III., 41. +"Nothing Impossible," 274. + +Odd Story, 111. +Opera, the Italian, 397. +Optics, witty, 112. +Owl, + the barn, 27--38 + the white-horned of the Arctic regions, 354. + +Paganini, a singing, 112. +Painted Window of the Crucifixion, 90. +Palankeen Travelling in India, 345. +Palming in Italy, 383. +Pancras Old Church described, 289--388. +Pantomimes, expenses of, 80. +Parks, the royal, 267. +Parliament, curious, 335. +Pastimes, ancient, 405. +Patriarchal Times, 397. +Pelican House, 273. +Penderell Jewel, 276. +Penitential Habit, origin of, 398. +Pepper, Arden, anecdote of, 420. +Personal Injuries, pecuniary compensation for, 276. +Philosopher's Stone, the, 288. +Phrenology, Illustrations of, 240. +Pictures, new, gossip on, 395. +Piercy Islands, 145. +Pig Scavengers in America, 236. +Pike, habits of the, 266. +Pilgrim's Progress, beauties of, 77. +Pin Money explained, 271. +Plague, great, in the fifteenth century, 430. +Plank, unlucky one, 368. +Plough described, 304. +Poetry of Ancient Days, 276. +Polynesian Islands, 145. +Poisoned Valley in Java, 6. +Pontefract Castle, history of, 50. +Pontine Marshes, 383. +Porcupine and Hedgehog, 179. +Porter, Anna Maria, 422. +Pottery, manufacture of, 283--324--363. +Prairies, origin of, 46. +Premiers of England, 320. +Presbyterian Churches in Cincinnati, 202. +Property, nature of, 252. +Prussic Acid, poisonous to vegetables, 412. +Psalter, illuminated, 178. +Punishments in the reign of Charles II., 87. +Pyramids, the, 224. + +Quadrant, the Regent's, 133. +Quarantine in America, 192. +Queen Anne's Spring, near Eton, 248. +Queen Consorts, rights of, 270. + +Railway, Marine, 412. +Rainbow, phenomenon of, 427. +Raphael China, 283. +Raven and Dove at the Deluge, 410. +Reading at Meals, 176. +Recollections of a Wanderer, 313. +Recreations in the Law, 251. +Reformation in England, 9. +Revenue and Debt of European States, 3. +Rhapsody on Nature, 373. +Rhinoceros, the, 179. +Rhinoceros Bird, history of, 312. +Rich Man, the true, 175. +Robert the Devil, Castle and Cavern of, 66. +Robin in Bushy Park, 267. +Robin Hood and May Games, 261. +Rook-shooting, cruelty of, 266. +Rousseau at Dove Dale, 432. +Rural peace, lines on, 351. +Russel, origin of the house of, 334. + +Sailors, superstition of, 270. +St. Albans, + duchess of, 144 + Bride's, parish registers of, 335 + Helena, Captain Mundy's visit to, 348--403. + +Saline Spa near Norwood, 227. +Saviour, address to the, 398. +Scandal-loving letter, 407. +Scottish, + Economy, 132--244 + Literary Dinner, 73 + Sporting, 136--148. +Scriptural, + Antiquities, 382--409--427 + Heraldry, 404. +Sea Serpent, the, 212. +Seals, the, by J.S. Knowles, 302. +Sermons, plain, 416. +Serpents, superstitions respecting, 212. +Servants, duty of, 271. +Serventius, confessions of, 44. +Shakespeariana, 389. +Shark's Bay, adventure in, 173. +Sharp, the astronomer, 293. +Shaving, origin of, 192. +Shavings, waste of, 83--132. +Shelley, + eccentricities of, 420 + P.B. at Oxford, 12--264. +Sheridan, anecdotes of, 137. +Sheriffs of London and Middlesex, 252. +Ships, names of, 288. +Shrew-mouse, the, 179. +Shrimps, inquiries on, 20. +Signs, origin of, 160. +Silk from Spiders, 412. +Singapore, sketch of, 35. +Sismondi, politics of, 420. +Sisters, four learned, 335. +Sitting in the Druid's Chair, 261. +Skulls, grinning, 101. +Skylark, claws of the, 245. +Skylark, a song, 323. +Slaughter, family, 368. +Slippery Love, 256. +Smuggling, extraordinary, 48. +Snake, habits of the, 342. +Snowdrop, address to, 132. +Social distinctions in America, 237. +Songs of the Gipsies, 232. +Songs found in a Grecian Urn, 156. +Song in imitation of Cowley, 419. +Songs by a Delia Cruscan poet, 323. +Songs, by T. Moore, 12. +Song by J.S. Knowles, 423. +Song of Pitcairn's Island, 232. +Sonnet on Love, 357. +Sorrow, concealed, 399. +Soizthey, recollections of, 254. +Spanish characteristics, 361. +Spanish scenery, charms of, 307. +Spanish superstition, 413. +Squares in London, 133. +Staines New Bridge, described, 321. +Starvation, ancient, 384. +Stones, speaking and moving, 101. +Sugar Cane of Otaheite, 27. +Sugar consumed in England, 222. +Sun-fish, the short, 425. +Surrey Zoological Gardens, 2. +Sutton Wash Embankment, 46. +Swelled Ancles, 160. +Swift at Moore Park, 422. +Swimming, Hints on, 3. +Swine, errors respecting, 171. +Swiss Cottage at the Colosseum, 258. + +Tailors, renowned, 77. +Tait's Edinburgh Magazine, 213. +Talleyrand, anecdote of, 256. +Tea, facts relative to, 220--222. +Tea, price of, 245. +Theatres, ancient English, 193. +Theatrical Property in France, 320. +Thief, how to detect, 272. +Three Death's Heads, 431. +Thrush, habits of the, 265. +Tigers, sortie of, 345. +Time's Telescope for 1832, 71. +Tinto, the river, 299. +Toads, + in Jersey, 267 + poison of, 426 + superstition respecting, 180. +Toast of a Scotch Peer, 287. +Tobacco, + in Cholera, 412 + and snuff, virtues of, 96. +Tom and Jerry, ancient, 16. +Tomato Sauce, to make, 15. +Town and village defined, 175. +Trade, ancient, 128. +Travelling Notes in South Wales, 20--147. +Trout tickling in Ireland, 234. +Tucopia, isle of, 145. +Tunbridge Wells, sketches of, 376. +Tunnel in Regent's Park, 114. +Turenne, Marshal, 272. +Turkey, skeleton of, 312. +Twa Burdies, the, 91. + +Under, house of, 69. +Unlucky present, a tale, 309. + +Valentines, ancient, 178. +Valletort, Viscount, lines to, 378. +Vampire Bat, 40. +Vapour Bath in Cholera, 6--55. +Vegetable Wonders, 200. +Vegetation, curious facts in, 344. +Venice described, 429. +Venice, sonnet to, 69. +Ventilation of Rooms, 152. +Victor Hugo, + drama by, 118 + lines by, 318. +Village, + Cemetery, the, 216 + Hampden, 175. +Virginia Water, cascade at, 81--210. +Visit to the Morgue, at Paris, 349. +Voices of the Night, 259. + +Waller, the poet, tomb of, 233. +War Song against the Chinese, 14. +Warton, Thomas, the poet, 421. +Washington Irving, Medwin, and Grattan, 421. +Water from the Rock in Horeb, 428. +Watering-places in the fifteenth century, 431. +Waverley Novels, character of, 284--365. +Waverley Novels, + heroines of, 365 + Plots of, 366 + Scenic description, 366 + Scott and Shakspeare, 367 + Style, 367. +Weather Rhymes, by the Monks, 228. +Wedgewood's Ware, manufacture of, 363. +Weighing in the Balance, 429. +West, sign painted by, 432. +Western Church, corruption of, 372. +Westminster Hall, Old, 251. +Whale Chase in the Hebrides, 297. +Widow, paraphernalia of, 271. +Wife, an American one, 272. +Wilderness described, 397. +William IV. and Queen Adelaide, 143. +William Tell, legend of, 430. +Wills of bachelors, 271 + curious facts respecting, 270 + compulsory, 271 + of criminals, 271. +Wilton Castle, history of, 305. +Windsor Castle from the N.E., 177. +Wine, + bramble, to make, 15 + grape, to make, 15. +Wit, lines on, 9. +Witchcrafts in 1647, 174. +Wolf, + anecdotes of, 171 + Dog in Cumberland, 426. +Woodpecker, arctic, 356. +Wordsworth, recollections of, 255. +Wreck, lines on the, 322. + +Xenophon, picture by Haydon, 218. + +Zebu, or Indian Ox, the, 385. +Zoological Gardens, + Regent's Park, 114--273--385 + picture of, 386. +Zoological Gardens, + Surrey, 1--273 + Society, report of, 275. + + * * * * * + + + +LIST OF SIXTY-THREE ENGRAVINGS + +IN THE PRESENT VOLUME. + + * * * * * + +_STEEL-PLATE PORTRAIT OF THE RT. HON. EARL GREY._ + +Three Views in the Surrey Zoological + Gardens. +Fishmongers' Hall. +-----------------Arms. +Law Institution, Chancery Lane. +Pontefract Castle. +Castle of Robert the Devil. +Cavern of Robert the Devil. +Cascade at Virginia Water. +Brighton in 1743. +Lady Chapel, St. Saviour, Southwark. +Three Views in the Zoological Gardens. +Entrance to the Botanic Garden, Manchester. +Tucopia, in the Southern Pacific Ocean. +Piercy Islands. +Seven Cuts of the Arbalest, or Cross-Bow. +Windsor Castle (N.E. View.) +Burial-place in Tongatabu. +Ancient Bankside. +Two Cuts of Bull and Bear-baiting + Theatres. +Lowther Arcade, West Strand +Beulah Saline Spa, Norwood. +Tomb of the poet, Waller. +Melrose Abbey. + +Queen Anne's Spring, near Eton. +Swiss Cottage at the Colosseum. +Bay-Window at ditto. +Three Cuts of the Zoological Gardens. +"Happy Jerry." +St. Pancras (Old) Church. +Fire Temples in Persia. +Wilton Castle, on the Wye. +Skeleton of the Turkey. +Rhinoceros Bird. +Staines New Bridge. +Bamborough Castle. +The Alhambra, in Spain. +Palace of Charles V. +White-horned Arctic Owl. +Cock of the Plains. +Legs and Feet of Mountain Grouse. +Claw of Woodpecker. +Monkey Island. +Hampton-wick Chapel. +Brahmin Bull. +-----------------Shed. +Sir Thomas Fowler's Lodge, Islington. +Dunheved Castle. +Ancient Chimney Piece at Exeter. +Lord Cornwallis's Monument. + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, SUPPL. *** + +***** This file should be named 12554-8.txt or 12554-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/2/5/5/12554/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Allen Siddle and PG Distributed Proofreaders + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + +Each eBook is in a subdirectory of the same number as the eBook's +eBook number, often in several formats including plain vanilla ASCII, +compressed (zipped), HTML and others. + +Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks replace the old file and take over +the old filename and etext number. The replaced older file is renamed. +VERSIONS based on separate sources are treated as new eBooks receiving +new filenames and etext numbers. + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + +EBooks posted prior to November 2003, with eBook numbers BELOW #10000, +are filed in directories based on their release date. If you want to +download any of these eBooks directly, rather than using the regular +search system you may utilize the following addresses and just +download by the etext year. + + https://www.gutenberg.org/etext06 + + (Or /etext 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00, 99, + 98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 92, 91 or 90) + +EBooks posted since November 2003, with etext numbers OVER #10000, are +filed in a different way. The year of a release date is no longer part +of the directory path. The path is based on the etext number (which is +identical to the filename). The path to the file is made up of single +digits corresponding to all but the last digit in the filename. For +example an eBook of filename 10234 would be found at: + + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/0/2/3/10234 + +or filename 24689 would be found at: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/6/8/24689 + +An alternative method of locating eBooks: + https://www.gutenberg.org/GUTINDEX.ALL + + |