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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/12505-0.txt~ b/12505-0.txt~ new file mode 100644 index 0000000..36628f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/12505-0.txt~ @@ -0,0 +1,1991 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12505 *** + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 23.] SATURDAY, APRIL 6. 1850. [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * *{361} + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- Page + Periplus of Hanno, by R.T. Hampson 361 + Pope Vindicated 362 + The Supper of the Lorde 362 + Folk Lore:--Palm Sunday Wind--Curious Symbolical Custom--The Wild + Huntsman 363 + On Authors and Books, No. VI, by Bolton Corney 363 + +QUERIES:-- + Nicholas Breton's Crossing of Proverbs, by J.P. Collier 364 + Sword called Curtana, by E.F. Rimbault, LL.D. 364 + Is the Dombec the Domesday of Alfred? by George Munford 365 + Minor Queries:--Wickliffite Versions of the Scriptures--Gloves--Law + Courts at St. Alban's--Milton Pedigree--Sapcote Motto--Scala Coeli, + &c. 366 + +REPLIES:-- + The Arabic Numerals and Cipher 367 + Replies to Minor Queries, by Sir W.C. Trevelyan 368 + Derivation of "News" 369 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Swot--Pokership--Vox Populi--Living Dog better + than dead Lion--Curious Monumental Brasses--Chapels--Forthlot--Loscop-- + Smelling of the Lamp--Anglo-Saxon MS. of Orosius--Golden Frog--Sword + of Charles I.--John Bull--Vertue MSS.--Lines attributed to Tom Brown, + &c. 369 + +MISCELLANIES:-- + Epigram by La Monnoye--Spur Money--Minimum de Malls--Epigram on Louis + XIV.--Macaulay's Young Levite--St. Martin's Lane--Charles Deering, + M.D. 373 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 375 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 375 + Notices to Correspondents 375 + Advertisements 376 + + * * * * * + +PERIPLUS OF HANNO THE CARTHAGINIAN. + +I am not sufficiently Quixotic to attempt a defence of the +Carthaginians on the western coast of Africa, or any where else, but +I submit that the accusation brought against them by Mr. S. Bannister, +formerly Attorney-General of New South Wales, is not sustained by +the only record we possess of Hanno's colonising expedition. That +gentleman, in his learned _Records of British Enterprise beyond Sea_, +just published, says, in a note, p. xlvii.:-- + +"The first nomade tribe they reached was friendly, and furnished +Hanno with _interpreters_. At length they discovered a nation _whose +language was unknown to the interpreters_. These strangers they +attempted to seize; and, upon their resistance, they took three of the +women, whom they put to death, and carried their skins to Carthage" +(_Geogr. Græci Minores_, Paris, 1826, p. 115.). + +Hanno obtained interpreters from a people who dwelt on the banks +of a large river, called the Lixus, and supposed to be the modern +St. Cyprian. Having sailed thence for several days, and touched at +different places, planting a colony in one of them, he came to a +mountainous country inhabited by savages, who wore skins of wild +beasts, [Greek: dermata thaereia enaemmenon]. At a distance of +twelve days' sail he came to some Ethiopians, who could not endure +the Carthaginians, and who spoke unintelligibly even to the Lixite +interpreters. These are the people whose women, Mr. Bannister says, +they killed. Hanno sailed from this inhospitable coast fifteen +days, and came to a gulf which he calls [Greek: Notou Kera], or +South Horn. + + "Here," says the Dr. Hawkesworth, of Carthage, "in the gulf, + was an island, like the former, containing a lake, and in + this another island, full of wild men; but the women were + much more numerous, _with hairy bodies_ ([Greek: daseiai tois + somasin]), whom the interpreters called [Greek: gorillas]. + We pursued the men, who, flying to precipices, defended + themselves with stones, and could not be taken. Three women, + who bit and scratched their leaders, would not follow them. + Having killed them, we brought their skins to Carthage." + +He does not so much as intimate that the creatures who so defended +themselves with stones, or those whose bodies were covered with +hair, spoke any language. Nothing but the words [Greek: anthropoi +agrioi] and [Greek: gunaikes] can lead us to believe that they were +human beings at all; while the description of the behaviour of the +men, and the bodies of the women, is not repugnant to the supposition +that they were large apes, baboons, or orang-outangs, common to this +part of Africa. At all events, the voyagers do not say that they +flayed a people having the faculty of speech. + +It is not, however, improbable that the Carthaginians were severe +taskmasters of the people whom they subdued. Such I understand those +to have been who opened the British tin mines, and who, according to +Diodorus Siculus, excessively overworked the wretches who toiled for +them, "wasting their bodies underground, and dying, {362} many a one, +through extremity of suffering, while others perished under the lashes +of the overseer." (_Bibl. Hist._ l. v. c. 38.) + +R.T. Hampson. + + * * * * * + +POPE VINDICATED. + +"P.C.S.S." is too great an admirer of Pope not to seek to vindicate +him from one, at least, of the blunders attributed to him by Mr. D. +Stevens, at p. 331. of the "Notes and Queries." + + "Singed are his _brows_, the scorching _lids_ grow black." + +Now, if Mr. S. will refer to Homer, he will find that the original +fully justifies the use of "brows" and "lids" in the _plural_. It runs +thus (_Od._ ix. v. 389.): + + "[Greek: Panta de ui blephar amphi kai ophruas eusen autmae]." + +"P.C.S.S." wishes that he could equally remove from Pope the charge +of inaccuracy respecting the _three_ cannibal meals of Polyphemus. He +fears that nothing can be alleged to impugn Mr. Stevens's perfectly +just criticism. + +While on the subject of Pope, "P.C.S.S." would wish to advert to +a communication (No. 16. p. 246.) in which it is insinuated that +Pope was probably indebted to Petronius Arbiter for the well-known +passage-- + + "Worth makes the man, and want of it the fellow; + The rest is all but leather and prunella." + +With all respect for the ingenious author of that communication, +"P.C.S.S." confesses that he is unable to discover such a similitude +of expression as might warrant the notion that Pope had been a +borrower from Petronius. He cannot suppose that Mr. F. could have been +led away by any supposed analogy between _corium_ and _coricillum_. +The latter, Mr. F. must know, is nothing more than a diminutive of +a diminutive (coricillum, _not_ corcillum, from corculum); and the +word is coined by Petronius to ridicule one of the affectations of +Trimalchio (Nero), who was wont to indulge, to an absurd extent, in +the use of such diminutives (_vide_ Burmann, _in loco_). "P.C.S.S." +will now subjoin such translations of the passage in question as he +has hitherto had opportunities of referring to. The first is from _The +Works of Petronius Arbiter, translated by several hands_, Lond. 8vo. +4th edit. 1714. At the beginning of the translation itself there is +this heading--"Made English by Mr. Wilson, of the Middle Temple, and +several others." The passage in question is thus rendered:-- + + "Come, my friends, let us see how merry you can be! for in my + time, I have been no better than yourselves; but, by my own + industry, I am what I am. _'Tis the heart makes the man_; all + the rest is but stuff!" + +In another translation, which, with Grub-Street audacity, the +publisher, in his title-passage, presumes to attribute to Addison! +and which appeared in 1736 (Lond. 8vo.), the passage is as follows:-- + + "I was once as you are: but now, thanks to my industry, I am + what I am. _It is the heart that makes the man_; all the rest + is but stuff!" + +Be the translator who he may, this version, so impudently ascribed to +the moral Addison, is written with much spirit and power, and with a +remarkable comprehension of the author's meaning. Some of the poetical +fragments at the end are, indeed, singularly well done. + +Of the two French versions which "P.C.S.S." has examined, the one by +Levaur (Paris, 8vo. 1726) thus translates the passage: + + "Je vous prie, mes amis ... _C'est le coeur qui fait les + hommes; je compte le reste pour un fétu_." + +In that of Boispreaux (Lond. 1742), it is simply rendered-- + + "Mon sçavoir faire m'a tiré du pair. _C'est le coeur qui fait + l'homme_ ..." + +No attempt is made to translate the _quisquilia_. + +P.C.S.S. + + * * * * * + +"THE SUPPER OF THE LORDE." + +I shall be glad to find that your correspondent "C.H." (No. 21. p. +333.) receives a satisfactory answer to his inquiry, as such a reply +would also satisfy my earlier query, No. 7. p. 109. I perceive, +however, from his letter, that I can give him some information on +other points noticed in it, though the absence of papers now passing +through the press with the Parker Society's reprint of a third volume +of Tyndale, will prevent my replying with such precision as I could +wish. That ancient tract on "The Supper of the Lorde, after the true +meanyng of the sixte of John," &c., of which "C.H." says he possesses +a copy, was reprinted at different intervals with the same date, viz., +MCCCCCXXXIII, Apryll v., on its title-page. The original edition has a +final colophon, stating that it was "imprinted at Nornberg, by Nielas +Twonson," and is so rare, that I have not been able to discover the +existence of any copy, but one recently deposited in the Bodleian. +That "C.H.'s" copy is not a specimen of that first edition, is +apparent from two circumstances. The first is, that he has given you +a quotation from his copy as follows:--"And as for M. More, whom the +verity most offendeth, and doth but mocke it," whereas the original +edition has, "And as for M. Mocke," &c., and Sir Thomas More notices +this mockage of his name in his reply. The next is, that his copy +contains "Crowley's Epistle to the Reader," which does not appear in +any edition of an earlier date than 1551. When first attached to this +treatise, the epistle was anonymous, as may be seen in the Lambeth +copy; but Crowley eventually {363} affixed his name to the epistle, +as it appears in "C.H.'s" and in other copies. Robert Crowley was a +fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; vicar of St. Giles, Cripplegate; +a printer and publisher; but to his singular combination of titles, we +cannot add that of author of the treatise in question. "C.H." has seen +that he did not enter Oxford till 1534; and in his Prefatory Epistle, +Crowley speaks of the author of the treatise as a person distinct from +himself. + +I do not wish, however, to be considered as positively affirming the +treatise to be Tyndale's. Foxe, the martyrologist, edited Tyndale's +works for Day, and he has only said that this treatise was "compiled, +as some do gather, by M. Wm. Tyndale, because the method and phrase +agree with his, and the time of writing are [sic] concurrent." On the +other hand, the authorship is unhesitatingly assigned to Tyndale by +Mr. C. Anderson (_Annals of the English Bible_, §ix. _ad finem_), +and by Mr. Geo. Offer (_Mem. of Tyndale_, p. 30.), the two most +pains-taking and best informants as to his works. But still there are +objections of such force, that I must confess myself rather inclined +to attribute the treatise to Joy's pen, if I could but be satisfied +that he was capable of writing so correctly, and of keeping so clear +of vulgarity in a controversy with a popish persecutor. + +H.W. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Palm Sunday Wind_.--It is a common idea among many of the farmers and +labourers of this immediate neighbourhood, that, from whatever quarter +the wind blows for the most part on Palm Sunday, it will continue +to blow from the same quarter for the most part during the ensuing +summer. + +Is this notion prevalent in other parts of the country, as a piece of +"Folk-Lore?" + +R.V. + +Winchester, March 26. + + +_Curious Symbolical Custom_.--On Saturday last I married a couple in +the parish church. An old woman, an aunt of the bridegroom, displeased +at the marriage, stood at the church gate and pronounced an anathema +on the married pair. She then bought a new broom, went home, swept +her house, and hung the broom over the door. By this she intimated her +rejection of her nephew, and forbade him to enter her house. Is this a +known custom? What is its origin? + +H. Morland Austen. + +St. Peter's, Thanet, March 25. 1850. + + +_The Wild Huntsman_.--The interesting contributions of your +correspondent "Seleucus," on "Folk Lore," brought to my recollection +the "Wild Huntsman" of the German poet, Tieck; of whose verses on that +superstitious belief, still current among the imaginative peasantry of +Germany, I send you a translation, _done into English_ many years ago. +The Welsh dogs of Annwn, or "couriers of the air"--the spirit-hounds +who hunt the souls of the dead--are part of that popular belief +existing among all nations, which delivers up the noon of night to +ungracious influences, that "fade on the crowing of the cock." + + +"THE WILD HUNTSMAN. + + "At the dead of the night the Wild Huntsman awakes, + In the deepest recess of the dark forest's brakes; + He lists to the storm, and arises in scorn. + He summons his hounds with his far-sounding horn; + He mounts his black steed; like the lightning they fly + And sweep the hush'd forest with snort and with cry. + Loud neighs his black courser; hark his horn, how 'tis swelling! + He chases his comrades, his hounds wildly yelling. + Speed along! speed along! for the race is all ours; + Speed along! speed along! while the midnight still lours; + The spirits of darkness will chase him in scorn, + Who dreads our wild howl, and the shriek of our horn, + Thus yelling and belling they sweep on the wind, + The dread of the pious and reverent mind: + But all who roam gladly in forests, by night, + This conflict of spirits will strangely delight." + +J.M. + +Oxford, March 13. + + * * * * * + +ON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. VI. + +In the union of scholarship, polished manners, and amiability of +character, we have had few men to surpass the reverend Joseph Spence. +His career was suitable to his deserts. He was fortunate in his +connections, fortunate in his appointments, and fortunate in his share +of fame. + +His fame, however, is somewhat diminished. His _Essay on the Odyssey_, +which procured him the friendship of Pope, has ceased to be in +request; his _Polymetis_, once the ornament of every choice library, +has been superseded by the publications of Millin and Smith; his poems +are only to be met with in the collections of Dodsley and Nichols. If +we now dwell with pleasure on his name, it is chiefly as a recorder +of the sayings of others--it is on account of his assiduity in making +_notes!_ I allude to the volume entitled _Anecdotes, observations, +and characters of books and men_, which was edited by my friend Mr. +Singer, with his wonted care and ability in 1820. + +The _Essay on the Odyssey_ was first published anonymously in 1726-7. +It was reprinted in 1737 and 1747. A copy of the latter edition, now +in my possession, contains this curious note:-- + + "It is remarkable that of twelve passages objected to in this + critique on the English Odyssey, _two_ only are found in those + books which were translated by Pope. + + "From Mr. Langton, who had his information from Mr. Spence. + + "When Spence carried his preface to Gorboduc in {364} 1736 to + Pope, he asked him his opinion. Pope said 'It would do very + well; there was nothing _pert_ or _low_ in it.' Spence was + satisfied with this praise, which however, was in implied + censure on all his other writings.--He is very fond of the + familiar vulgarisms of common talk, and is the very reverse of + Dr. Johnson. + +"E.M." [Edmond Malone.] + +The note is not signed at length, but there can be no doubt as to its +authorship, as I purchased the volume which contains it at the sale of +the unreserved books of Mr. Malone in 1818. + +Bolton Corney. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +NICHOLAS BRETON'S "CROSSING OF PROVERBS." + +Although my query respecting William Basse and his poem, "Great +Britain's Sun's Set," (No. 13. p. 200), produced no positive +information touching that production, it gave an opportunity to some +of your correspondents to communicate valuable intelligence relating +to the author and to other works by him, for which I, for one, was +very much obliged. If I did not obtain exactly what I wanted, I +obtained something that hereafter may be extremely useful; and that +I could not, perhaps, have obtained in any other way than through the +medium of your pleasant and welcome periodical. + +I am now, therefore, about to put a question regarding another writer +of more celebrity and ability. Among our early pamphleteers, there was +certainly none more voluminous than Nicholas Breton, who began writing +in 1575, and did not lay down his pen until late in the reign of +James I. A list of his pieces (by no means complete, but the fullest +that has been compiled) may be seen in Lowndes's _Bibl. Manual_; +it includes several not by Breton, among them Sir Philip Sidney's +_Ourania_, 1606, which in fact is by a person of the name Backster; +and it omits the one to which my present communication refers, and +regarding which I am at some loss. + +In the late Mr. Heber's _Catalogue_, part iv. p. 10., I read as +follows, under the name of Nicholas Breton:-- + + "Crossing of Proverbs. The Second Part, with certaine briefe + Questions and Answeres, by N.B., Gent. Extremely rare and very + curious, _but imperfect_. It appears to contain a portion of + the first part, and also of the second; but it appears to be + unknown." + +Into whose hands this fragment devolved I know not; and that is one +point I am anxious to ascertain, because I have another fragment, +which consists of what is evidently the first sheet of the first part +of the tract in question, with the following title-page, which I quote +_totidem literis_:-- + + "Crossing of Proverbs. Crosse-Answeres. And Crosse-Humours. By + B.N., Gent. At London, Printed for John Wright, and are to be + solde at his Shop without Newgate, at the signe of the Bible, + 1616." + +It is in 8vo., as Heber's fragment appears to have been; but then the +initials of the author are given as N.B., whereas in my fragment they +stand B.N., a usual inversion with Nicholas Breton; the brief address +"To the Reader" is also subscribed B.N.; and then begins the body of +the work, thus headed: "Crosse and Pile, or, Crossing of Proverbs." It +opens as follows: + + "_Proverb_. The more the merrier. + _Cross_. Not so; one hand is enough in a purse. + _P._ Every man loves himselfe best. + _C._ Not so, when man is undone by suretyship. + _P._ He that runnes fastest gets most ground. + _C._ Not so, for then foote-men would have more land than their masters. + _P._ He runnes far that never turnes. + _C._ Not so, he may breake his necke in a short course. + _P._ No man can call againe yesterday. + _C._ Yes, hee may call till his heart ake, though it never come. + _P._ Had I wist was a foole. + _C._ No, he was a foole that said so." + +And so it proceeds, not without humour and point, here and there +borrowing from known sources, as in the following:-- + + "_Proverb._ The world is a long journey. + _Cros._ Not so, the sunne goes it every day. + _P._ It is a great way to the bottom of the sea. + _C._ Not so, it is but a stone's cast." + +However, my object is not to give specimens of the production further +than are necessary for its identification. My queries are, 1st, Who +bought Mr. Heber's fragment, and where is it now to be found? 2nd, Are +any of your correspondents aware of the existence of a perfect copy of +the work? + +I naturally take a peculiar interest about Nicholas Breton, because +I have in my possession an unknown collection of amatory and pastoral +poems by him, printed in quarto in 1604, in matter and measure obvious +imitations of productions in "The Passionate Pilgrim," 1599, imputed +to Shakespeare, and some of which are unquestionably by Richard +Barnfield. + +Any new information regarding Breton and his works will be most +acceptable to me. I am already in possession of undoubted proof that +he was the Nicholas Breton whose epitaph is on the chancel-wall of the +church of Norton, in Northamptonshire, a point Ritson seems to have +questioned. + +J. Payne Collier. + +March 30. 1850. + + * * * * * + +THE SWORD CALLED CURTANA. + +In the wardrobe account for the year 1483, are "iij swerdes, whereof +oon with a flat poynte, {365} called _curtana_, and ij other swords, +all iij swords covered in a yerde di of crymysym tisshue cloth of +gold." + +The name of _curtana_ for many ages continued to be given to the first +royal sword in England. It existed as long ago as the reign of Henry +III., at whose coronation (A.D. 1236) it was carried by the Earl of +Chester. We find it at the coronations of Edward II. and Richard II.; +also in the time of Henry IV., Richard III., and Henry VII.; and among +the royal arms of Edward VI. we read of "a swerde called _curtana_." + +Can any of your readers explain the origin of the name _curtana_, +a sword so famous that it carries us back to the days of ancient +chivalry, when it was wielded by the Dane _Uggiero_, or by the still +more famed _Orlando_. + +Edward F. Rimbault. + + * * * * * + +IS THE DOMBEC THE DOMESDAY OF ALFRED? + +I beg to propose the following "Query":--Is the _Dombec_, a work +referred to in the Laws of Edward the Elder, the same as what has been +called the Domesday or Winchester Book of Alfred the Great? I incline +to think that it is not, and shall be much obliged to any of your +correspondents, learned in the Anglo-Saxon period of our history, who +will give himself the trouble of resolving my doubts. + +Sir Henry Spelman, in his Glossary _voce Dombec_, calls it the _Liber +Judicialis_ of the Anglo-Saxons; and says it is mentioned in the first +chapter of the laws of Edward the Elder, where the king directs his +judges to conduct themselves in their judicial proceedings as on [Old +English: thaere dom bec stand], that is, as _is enjoined in their Dome +Book_.--"Quod," he continues, "an de præcedentium Regum legibus quæ +hodie extant, intelligendum sit: an de alio quopiam libro hactenus non +prodeunte, incertum est." + +But this uncertainty does not seem to have attached itself to the +mind of Sir William Blackstone; for in the third section of the +Introduction prefixed to his _Commentaries on the Laws of England_, he +informs us that our antiquaries "tell us that in the time of Alfred, +the local customs of the several provinces of the kingdom were grown +so various, that he found it expedient to compile his _Dome Book_, or +_Liber Judicialis_, for the general use of the whole kingdom." This +book is said to have been extant so late as the reign of King Edward +IV., but is now unfortunately lost. It contained, we may probably +suppose, the principal maxims of the common law, the penalties for +misdemeanors, and the forms of judicial proceedings. Thus much may be +at least collected from that injunction to observe it, which we find +in the Laws of King Edward the Elder, the son of Alfred.--"_Omnibus +qui reipublicæ præsunt etiam atque etiam mando, ut omnibus æquos +se præbeant judices, perinde ac in judiciali libro_ (Saxonice, [Old +English: dom bec]) _scriptum habetur: nec quidquid formident quin +jus commune_ (Saxonice, [Old English: folcrihte]) _audactes libereque +dicant._" + +But notwithstanding this, it appears to me by no means conclusive, +that the _Dombec_ referred to in the Laws of Edward the Elder and the +_Liber Judicialis_ of Alfred are the same; on the contrary, Alfred's +_Liber Judicialis_ seems to have been known not under the name +of _Dombec_, but under that of the _Winchester Roll_, from the +circumstance of its having been principally kept at Winchester: and +Sir Henry Spelman says, the Domesday Book of William the Conqueror was +sometimes called _Rotulus Wintoniæ, a similitudine antiquoris_, from +its resemblance to an older document preserved at Winchester. And he +quotes Ingulphus Abbot of Croyland, who says, "Iste rotulus (i.e. the +Domesday Book of William) vocatus est Rotulus Wintoniæ, et ab Anglicis +pro sua generalitate, omnia tenementa totius terræ integre continente +_Domesday_ cognominatur." And the he proceeds, "Talem rotulum et +multum similem; ediderat quondam Rex Alfredus, in quo totam terram +Angliæ per comitatus, centurias, et decurias descripserat, sicut +prænotatur. Qui quidem Rotulus Wintoniæ vocatus est, quia deponebatur +apud Wintoniam conservandus," &c. + +Here is nothing said of this work being called [Old English: dom bec]: +neither does Spelman, in his enumeration of the works of Alfred, +give the least intimation that any one of his collections of laws was +called [Old English: dom bec]. + +We know, indeed, that Alfred compiled a code of laws for his subjects; +but whether any part of them has been preserved, or how much of them +is embodied in subsequent codes, cannot now be determined. Asser +mentions that he frequently reprimanded the judges for wrong +judgments; and Spelman, that he wrote "a book against unjust +magistrates," but any complete body of laws, if such was ever framed +by Alfred, is now lost; and that attributed to him in Wilkin's _Leges +Anglo-Saxon_, is held in suspicion by most writers. + +For these reasons, and considering that Sir William Blackstone's +knowledge of English history was rather superficial, I incline to the +belief, that the [Old English: dom bec] referred to in the laws of +Edward the Elder, was some collection of laws made _prior_ to the time +of Alfred: this might clearly be the case, as Sharon Turner informs +us that the Saxon laws were committed to writing as early as the +commencement of the 7th century. + +The opinions of your learned correspondents on this disputed point may +be of much interest to many of your readers, and to none more than to + +George Munford. + +East Winch. + + * * * * *{366} + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_MSS. of the Wycliffite Translations of the Scriptures_.--The Add. MS. +15,521., in the British Museum, contains a copy of Lewis's edition +of the _Wycliffite New Testament_, printed in 1731, with manuscript +notes by Ames and Lewis, and the former has transcribed into it some +_additional prologues_, prefixed to each book of the New Testament, +which had not been printed by Lewis, and were taken by Ames from a MS. +of the New Testament, written in 1424, and in 1731 in the possession +of Thomas Granger. It would be very desirable to learn what became of +this MS. subsequently. Granger died in the following year, but the +MS. does not appear in the sale catalogue of his library, nor is it +found in the catalogue of Ames's own library, dispersed in 1760. Any +information relative to this remarkable copy of the New Testament, +would be very acceptable to the Editors of the _Wycliffite Versions +of the Scriptures_, who are now, after a literary labour of more than +twenty years, about to bring the work to a conclusion. They would +also feel much obliged by the communication of any notices of MSS. of +the Wycliffite versions, _existing in private hands_, exclusive of +those copies of which they already possess descriptions, existing in +the libraries of the following individuals:--Mrs. Allanson of Farn, +Flintshire, the Earl of Ashburnham, Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart., Sir +Peregrine Ackland, Bart., Sir David Dundas, H.M. Judge Advocate, Dr. +Cardwell, Principal of St. Alban's Hall, Oxford, and Thomas Bannister, +Esq. + +F. Madden. + +British Museum, March 28. + + +_Why are Gloves not worn before Royalty?_--Can any of your readers +inform me what is the origin of the custom observed at Court, of +persons in the royal presence not wearing gloves? Is it a matter of +pure etiquette, or does the observance of it derive its origins from +barbarous times, when chivalry was little else than barbarism in +armour? + +F.E. + + +_Law Courts at St. Albans_.--Can any of your correspondents give +me the reference to a communication in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ +(between, I think, the years 1815 and 1836), in which a passage +in Massinger, which alludes to lawyers going to St. Albans, is +illustrated by an inscription in the nave of St. Alban's Abbey Church, +which records that the courts were held there on account of the +sweating-sickness in the reign of Elizabeth? + +[Greek: Sigma.] + + +_Richard Haley, or Hales.--Milton Pedigree_.--I should feel obliged +by any particulars respecting Richard Haley, or Hales, of Idlestreete, +otherwise Ilstreyd, in com. Hertford, yeoman; my object being to +ascertain the nature of some transaction he had with Milton, in July +1674, referred to in a bond which the former executed, dated the +27th of that month, for performance of the covenants contained in an +indenture of even date. + +Is any thing known of Richard Milton, who signs his name as the +attesting witness to the releases given by two of the poet's daughters +for their share of his estate? Is there any pedigree of the family of +Sir Christopher Milton, the poet's brother, drawn up with sufficient +apparent accuracy to exclude the probability of Richard Milton being +his son? I have referred to the pedigree in the British Museum (Harl. +MS. 5802. fo. 19b.), which makes no mention of the letter; but it is +evidently so imperfect a notice, as to be of little authority one way +or other. + +J.F.M. + + +_Sapcote Motto_.--Over the old gatehouse of Elton, co. Hunts., built +by the family of Sapcote, is their coat of arms, namely, "three +dove-cotes;" and upon a scroll, surrounding the lower part of the +shield, is carved a motto, evidently French, and as evidently cut by +a person ignorant of that language. So far as I can decypher it, the +letters appear to be + + sco toot X vinic [or umic] + X poncs. + +Possibly the first and last letters _s_ are only flourishes. I shall +be glad of any suggestion as to its meaning. + +I have not been able to find the Sapcote motto on record; and I +believe the Carysfoot family, the possessors of Elton, and the Duke +of Bedford, the heir in blood, to be ignorant of what this scroll is +intended to represent. + +Erminois. + +Athenæum Club. + + +_Scala Coeli_.--In a will, dated 12 Hen. VIII., the testator directs +that there shall be four trentals of Saint Gregory said for his soul +at London at "Scala Coeli." Can any of your readers explain what place +is meant by "Scala Coeli?" + +A Subscriber. + + +_Illustrations of Gresset's "Vert Vert," painted on Enamel, &c._--In +a Paris edition of Gresset's Works (Janet et Cotelle, 1823), in the +preface is the following passage.-- + + "Vert-vert fut bientôt dans toutes les mains. Le suffrage de + la multitude se joignit à celui des connoisseurs; la mode, qui + est aussi en possession de donner son suffrage, s'empressa de + parer les ajustemens d'invention récente, du nom de l'illustre + perroquet; _les vases d'ornement, les vases usuels_ qui + sortoient des fabriques françoises, retraçoient presque tous + quelques épisodes du petit poëme. Un artist dont le nom est + venu jusqu'à nous, Raux, en _peignit sur émail les sujets + les plus marquants_; et tandis qu'on faisoit passer dans une + version latine les vers élégants du poëte jésuite, M. Bertin, + ministre d'état, le gratifioit d'un magnifique _cabaret_ de + Sèvres, dont toutes les pièces reproduisoient les aventures + de son héros, ce qui fit dire à Gresset, _qu'on le traduisoit + aussi en porcelaine de Sèvres_." {367} + +The _Query_ I wish to make is, Have any of these illustrations or +designs from Gresset's poem of Vert-vert, painted on enamel china, or +earthenware of any sort, of French or any other manufacture, come to +light of late years? or more lately still, among the articles that +have been dispersed among various buyers of almost all nations, in the +sales within these few weeks effected at Paris? + +Robert Snow. + + +_Urbanus Regius_.--A friend of mine, a delightful old lady, fresh, +genial, and inquisitive, has in her possession an old volume, a family +heir-loom, which is not the less dear to her for being somewhat dingy +and dilapidated, and touching which she would gladly receive such +information as your correspondents can supply. + +It is made up of three apparently distinct treatises; the first +(of which several leaves are wanting) on the twelve articles of the +Apostles' Creed. The second is "The ryght foundation, and pryncypall +common places of the hole godly Scripture," &c., by Doctor Urbanus +Regius. Prefixed is an epistle to Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury +(evidently Cranmer), to whom "Hys dayly oratoure, Gwalter Lynne (the +writer of the epistle), wyssheth lyfe euerlastynge." Between this +second treatise and the third, and apparently belonging to the latter, +is a title-page with the following inscription: + + "Imprinted for Gwalter Lynne, dwelling upon Somers Kaye, by + Byllinges gate. In the yeare of oure Lorde. MDXLVIII. And they + by [_sic_] to be solde at Poules church yarde at the north + doore, In the signe of the By-bell, By Richard Jugge." + +This last treatise is in smaller type than the others, and has no +general designation: it contains chapters on various subjects, e.g. +"The Signification of Baptism," &c. + +Query 1. Is this volume well known? 2. Who were Urbanus Regius and +Walter Lynne? + +G.P. + +March 16. 1850. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + +THE ARABIC NUMERALS AND CIPHER. + +I might, with a little more consideration, have referred "E.V." to +several other authorities which he will do well to consult. + +9. Wallis's _Algebra_, p. 9. and p. 153. of the additions. + +10. _Phil. Trans._, Nos. 439. and 475. + +11. Montucla, _Histoire des Mathématiques_, tom. i. chap. 2. + +12. Baillie, _Histoire de l'Astronomie_. + +13. Delambre[1], _Hist. de l'Astr. du moyen age_. + +14. Hutton's _Tracts_ (8vo. ed. 1812.), vol. ii. (subject "History of +Algebra") + +15. Huet, _Demonstratio Evangelica_. + +16. Dr. John Taylor's Translation of the _Lilawati_. (Bombay, 1816.) + +17. Strachey's Translation of the _Bija Ganita_[2]. + +18. Colebrooke's _Algebra of the Hindus_. + +Would it not be worth while to give a _facsimile_ of the "Tabel for +all manere of merchauntes," in the "Notes and Queries"? It is not only +a curiosity, but an important element (and unique as far as is known) +in the philosophic history of our arithmetic. It was, no doubt, an +actual instrument in constant use in the merchant's office, as much so +as an almanac, interest-tables, a "cambist" and a copying-press, are +now. + +As regards the cipher, the difficulty only commenced with _writing +numbers_ in the new symbology. With persons accustomed to the use +of this instrument, there is no doubt that the mode of obviating the +difficulty of "keeping the place," would suggest itself at once. In +this instrument an empty hole (without its peg) _signified_ "none of +this denomination." What then more simple than to make the outline +of the empty hole which occupied the "local position" of any +denomination, when none of that precise denomination occurred in the +number itself? Under this view the process at least becomes simple +and natural; and as the early merchants contributed so largely to the +improvement of our arithmetical processes, such a conclusion is wholly +divested of improbability on any other ground. The circle would then +naturally become, as it certainly has practically become, the most +appropriate symbol of _nothingness_. + +As regards the term _cipher_ or _zero_ (which are so obviously the +same as to need no remark), it is admitted on all hands to be derived +from one or other of the Semitic languages, the Hebrew or the Arabic. +It is customery with the mathematical historians to refer it to the +Arabic, they being in general more conversant with it than with the +Hebrew. The Arabic being a smaller hand than the Hebrew, a dot was +used instead of the circle for marking the "place" at which the hiatus +of any "denomination" occurred. If we obtained our cipher from this, +it would be made hollow (a mere _ceinture_, girdle, or ring) to +save the trouble of making a dot sufficiently large to correspond in +magnitude with our other numerals as we write them. Either is alike +possible--probability must be sought, for either over the other, from +a slightly different source. + +The root-words in Hebrew and in Arabic are precisely the same +(_ts-ph-r_), though in the two {368} languages, and at different ages +of the same language, they might have been vowelised differently. +In some shape or other, this name is used in all countries that have +derived their arithmetic from mediæval Italy, or from the Saracens. It +is with some _cipher_, with others _chiffre_, and with all _zero_. The +word is certainly no more Italian than it is French or English. Be it +remembered, too, that _ezor_ (quoted at p. 268.), as a _girdle_, is +radically the same word, somewhat mutilated. The cardinal meaning of +the word (denuded of the conventional accretions of signification, +which peculiar applications of it adds to the cardinal meaning) +appears to be _emptiness_, _hollowness_, _nothingness_. It may be +further remarked, that in the fine Chartres MS. of Boetius, described +by Chasles, the 0 is called _sipos_:--the same name, he remarks, +that Graves found in use in the East. The modern Turks call the 0, +_tsifra_. + +It is curious enough that in all languages, the term _ciphering_ is +popularly used to denote all arithmetical operations whatever. +Our schoolboys do their "ciphering," and write carefully in their +"ciphering-books." This all seems to point to the art of dispensing +with the use of the abacus or counting table. + +T.S.D. + +Shooter's Hill, March 5. + +[1] The best account, because the most consistent and +intelligible, of the Greek arithmetic, is that by Delambre, affixed to +Peyraud's edition of Archimedes. + +[2] At a period of leisure I may be tempted to send you a few +extracts, somewhat curious, from some of the papers of Mr. Strachey in +my possession. + + +_Arabic Numerals_.--I had replied to "E.V." (No. 15. p. 230.), when +I saw by your "Notice to Correspondents," that the question was +answered. I therefore waited the publication of the replies, which I +find do not embrace any one of the points to which I would call the +attention of "E.V."--Diophantus of Alexandria, who flourished about +150 years after Christ, and who wrote thirteen books of algebra or +arithmetic in the Greek language, is generally supposed to be the +oldest writer on the subject that has come down to our time; but it +was not from him that we received the knowledge of algebra in Europe. +It appears certain that the first knowledge of this science in +England was from Italy or Spain, after the Moors settled in the latter +country; and the Arabians and Persians appear to have derived their +arithmetical method of computing by ten characters from the Indians: +who, in their turn, have most probably borrowed from the Chinese, and +improved on their method by the adoption of a zero, which was one of +the most important improvements effected by the Hindoos. In China, +the words ancient and modern are almost synonymous; their usages +and customs being so unchangeable, as appears by their instrument +of computation, the _swanpan_, which is still used in all their +calculations. The Oriental scholar will find much curious and +interesting information connected with this subject in the Sanscrit +_Vija Ganita_ and _Lilivati_ of Bhaskara Acharya: the former +was translated into Persian at Agra, or Delhi, in 1634, and the +latter by Fyzee in 1587; but there are also English translations, +all of which are in the library of the Royal Asiatic Society. The +_Khalasah-ul-Hisah_ is another work of repute in India. Mr. Strachey +wrote and printed in India, for the _Asiatic Researches_, a valuable +paper, which contains most conclusive evidence of the Indian (if not +Chinese) origin of our numerals. See also _Astronomie Indienne_, +of M. Bailly; 2d vol. _Asiatic Researches_, "On the Astronomical +Computations of the Hindoos," by Saml. Davis; "Two Dissertations on +Indian Astronomy and Trigonometry," by Professor Playfair, in the 2d +and 4th vols. of the _Edinburgh Philosophical Transactions_. And many +others might be referred to; but all tending to prove that our numbers +came originally from China and India, through Persia, Arabia, Africa, +Spain, and Italy, by gradual and successive changes in form, several +of them still retaining a close resemblance to the ancient and modern +Sanscrit, Chinese, Arabic, Persian, and Hindoo numerals. + +Henry Wilkinson. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +I send you a few Notes on Queries scattered through some of the later +numbers of your very valuable publication: + +_Anonymous Ravennas_.--In the library of the Royal Geographical +Society, I believe there is a copy of an 8vo. edition of that +cosmography. + +_Selago_.--This plant, I should think it probable, is the _Lycopodium +clavatum_ of modern botanists; the seeds of which, when ripe, and when +the plant is struck, rise like smoke ("fumum" of Pliny), and may have +been supposed, from their remarkable inflammability when dashed into +a flame, igniting with a sudden flash, to have possessed wonderful +virtues. The species known as _Lycopodium selago_ is rare in +comparison to the other. + +_Portugal_.--In the library of the Geographical Society are some of +the more recent works published in Lisbon on the topography of that +country, but they are generally very meagre and unsatisfactory. In a +periodical published in Lisbon in numbers, on the plan of the _Penny +Magazine_, there is a good deal of information, with engravings, +regarding many places of interest in Portugal. I think it is called +_The Album_, but I am sorry I have not at present the power of sending +you more correct particulars concerning it. It is in 4to. + +Portugal is a country that is so little travelled in either by natives +or foreigners, that information regarding places in the interior +is not easily obtained; and facilities for travelling, as well as +accommodation for travellers, is of a very limited description. + +_Sir Roger de Coverley_.--In one of your early numbers was a query on +this subject, which I do not think has been yet answered. I have a MS. +{369} account of the family of Calverley, of Calverley, in Yorkshire, +an autograph of Ralph Thoresby in the year 1717, in which occurs the +following passage:-- + + "_Roger_, so named from the Archbishop" (of York), "was + a person of renowned hospitality, since, at this day, the + obsolete known tune of _Roger a Calverley_ is referred to + him, who, according to the custom of those times, kept his + _minstrells_, from that their office named _harpers_, which + became a family and possessed lands till late years in and + about _Calverley_, called to this day _Harpersroids_ and + _Harper's Spring_.... He was a knight, and lived in the time + of K. Richard 1st. His seal, appended to one of his charters, + is large, with a chevalier on horseback." + +W. CALVERLEY TREVELYAN. + + * * * * * + +DERIVATIONS OF "NEWS." + +It is not declared with what motive "Mr. GUTCH" (No. 17. p. 270.) has +laid before the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" the alleged derivation +of N.E.W.S. + +It must therefore be supposed, that his object was to have its +justness and probability commented upon; and it is quite time that +they should be so, since the derivation in question has of late become +quite a favourite authoritative dictum with etymology compilers. +Thus it may be found, in the very words and form adopted by your +correspondent, in Haydn's _Dictionary of Dates_, and in other +authorities of equal weight. + +This sort of initial-letter derivation was probably brought into +fashion in England by the alleged origin of "Cabal," or, perhaps, by +the many guesses at the much disputed word "Æra." I shall take the +liberty of quoting a few sentences with reference to such etymologies, +_as a class_, which I find in an unpublished manuscript upon a kindred +subject. + + "Besides, such a splitting up of a word of significant and + perfect meaning in itself is always a bad and suspicious mode + of derivation. + + "It is generally an after-thought, suggested by some + fortuitous or fancied coincidence, that appropriateness of + which is by no means a sufficient proof of probability. + + "Of this there can scarcely be a better example than the + English word 'news,' which, notwithstanding the felicity of + its supposed derivation from the four cardinal points, must, + nevertheless, so long as the corresponding words 'nova,' + 'nouvelles,' &c. exist, be consigned to its more sober and + common-place origin in the adjective '_new_.'" + +To this it must be added that the ancient orthography of the word +_newes_, completely upsets the derivation Mr. Gutch has brought before +your readers. Hone quotes from "one Burton, printed in 1614: 'if any +one read now-a-days, it is a play-book, or _a pamphlet_ of _newes_." + +I had been in two minds whether or not to send this communication, +when the scale is completely turned by the apropos occurrence of a +corroboration of this latter objection in "NOTES AND QUERIES" of this +day. Mr. Rimbault mentions (at p. 277.), "a rare black letter volume +entitled _Newes from Scotland_, 1591." + +Here is one more proof of the usefulness of your publication, that I +am thus enabled to strengthen the illustration of a totally different +subject by the incidental authority of a fellow correspondent. + +A.E.B. + +Leeds, March, 1850. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Swot_ is, as the querist supposes, a military cant term, and +a sufficiently vulgar one too. It originated at the great +slang-manufactory for the army, the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. +You may depend upon the following account of it, which I had many +years ago from the late Thomas Leybourne, F.R.S., Senior Professor of +Mathematics in that college. + +One of the Professors, Dr. William Wallace, in addition to his being a +Scotchman, had a bald head, and an exceedingly "broad Scotch" accent, +besides a not very delicate discrimination in the choice of his +English terms relating to social life. It happened on one hot summer's +day, nearly half a century ago, that he had been teaching a class, +and had worked himself into a considerable effusion from the skin. He +took out his handkerchief, rubbed his head and forehead violently, and +exclaimed in his Perthshire dialect,--"_It maks one swot_." This was +a God-send to the "gentlemen cadets," wishing to achieve a notoriety +as wits and slangsters; and mathematics generally ever after became +_swot_, and mathematicians _swots_. I have often heard it said:--"I +never could do _swot_ well, Sir;" and "these dull fellows, the +_swots_, can talk of nothing but triangles and equations." + +I should have thought that the _sheer disgustingness_ of the +idea would have shut the word out of the vocabularies of English +_gentlemen_. It remains nevertheless a standard term in the vocabulary +of an English soldier. It is well, at all events, that future ages +should know its etymology. + +T.S.D. + + +_Pokership_, (_antè_, pp. 185. 218. 269. 282. 323, 324.)--I am sorry +to see that no progress has yet been made towards a satisfactory +explanation of this office. I was in hopes that something better than +mere conjecture would have been supplied from the peculiar facilities +of "T.R.F." "W.H.C." (p. 323.) has done little more than refer to the +same instruments as had been already adverted to by me in p. 269., +with the new reading {370} of _poulterer_ for poker! With repect to +"T.R.F.'s" conjecture, I should be more ready to accept it if he +could produce a single example of the word _pawker_, in the sense of +a hog-warden. The quotation from the Pipe-roll of John is founded on +a mistake. The entry occurs in other previous rolls, and is there +clearly explained to refer to the _porter of Hereford Castle_. Thus, +in Pipe 2 Hen. II. and 3 Hen. II. we have, under Hereford, + + "In liberatione portarii castelli ... 30s. 5d." + +In Pipe 1 Ric. I. we have, + + "In liberatione constitutâ portarii de Hereford, 30s. 5d." + +Again, in Pipe 3 Joh. + + "In liberatione constitutâ portario de Hereford, 30s. 5d." + +A similar entry is to be found in other rolls, as well printed as +inedited. I could indulge some other criticisms on the communication +of your correspondent in Spring Gardens, but I prefer encouraging +him to make further inquiries, and to produce from the records in +his custody some more satisfactory solution of the difficulty. In the +meantime, let me refer to a Survey of Wrigmore Castle in the Lansdowne +Collection, No. 40. fo. 82. The surveyor there reports, that the +paling, rails, &c. of the park are much decayed in many and sundry +places, and he estimates the repairs, with allowance of timber from +the wood there, "by good surveye and oversight of the _poker_ and +other officers of the said parke," at 4l. The date of the survey is 13 +May, 1584. + +Comparing this notice of the office with the receiver's accounts +tempore Hen. VII. and Hen. VIII. (_antè_, p. 269.), in which the +officer is called "pocarius omnium boscorum," I cannot doubt that his +duty, or at least one of his duties, was that of woodward, and that, +as such, he assigned timber for repair of the premises. How he came by +his local title and style of poker is a mystery on which we have all +hitherto failed to throw any light. + +E.S. + + +_Vox Populi Vox Dei_,--about the origin of which saying "QUÆSITOR" +asks (No. 21. p. 321.),--were the words chosen by the Archbishop of +Canterbury, Simon Mepham, as his text for the sermon which he preached +when Edward III. was called to the throne, from which the nation had +pulled down his father, Edward II. This we learn from Walsingham, who +says: + + "Archiepiscopus verò Cantuariæ præsenti consensit electioni, + ut omnes prælati et archiepiscopus quidem assumpto themate, + _Vox populi Vox Dei_, sermonem fecit populo, exhortans + omnes ut apud regem regum intercederent pro electo."--Tho. + Walsingham, _Hist. Angl._ ed. Camden, p. 126. + +DANIEL ROCK. + + +_A living Dog better than a dead Lion_.--I no not know whether your +correspondent (No. 22. p. 352.) ever goes to church; but if he is not +prevented by rain next St. Swithin's day, he will learn who was the +author of this proverb. It will be a good thing, if your work should +sometimes lead your readers to search the Scriptures, and give them +credit for wisdom that has flowed from them so long, and far, and +wide, that its source is forgotten; but this is not the place for a +sermon, and I now only add, "here endeth the first lesson" from + +ECCLESIASTES. + + ["J.E.," "D.D.," and other correspondents, have also replied + to this Query by references to Eccl. ix. 4.] + + +_Curious Monumental Brass_ (No. 16. p. 247.)--If "RAHERE" will turn to +Mr. Boutell's _Monumental Brasses and Slabs_, p. 148., he will there +find a description as well as an engraving of what, from his account, +I doubt not he will discover to be the identical fragment to which he +refers. A foot legend, and what remains of a border inscription, is +added to it. In the above work, pp. 147 to 155, and in the Oxford +Architectural Society's _Manual for the Study of Brasses_, p. 15., +"RAHERE" will find an account and references to numerous examples of +palimpsest brasses, to which class the one in question belongs. + +I presume that "RAHERE" is a young brass-rubber, or the fact of a +plate being engraved on both sides would have presented no difficulty +to him. + +ARUN. + + [We have received several other replies to this Query, + referring to Mr. Boutell's _Monumental Brasses_: one from + "W."; another from "A CORNISHMAN," who says,-- + + "The brass in question, when I saw it last, had been + removed from the Rectory and placed in the tomb of Abbot + Wheathampstead, in company with the famous one of Thomas + Delamere, another Abbot of St. Albans." + + Another from "E.V.," who states,-- + + "Other examples are found at St. Margaret's, Rochester (where + the cause of the second engraving is found to be an error in + costume in the first), St. Martins at Plain, Norwich, Hedgerly + Church, Bucks, and Burwell Church, Cambridgeshire. Of this + last, an engraving and description, by Mr. A.W. Franks, + is given in the fourteenth part of the Publications of the + Cambridge Antiquarian Society." + + One from "WILLIAM SPARROW SIMPSON," who says,-- + + "It is also described in the Oxford Architectural Society's + _Manual of Mon. Brasses_, No. 6. pp. 6, 7. other examples of + which occur at Rochester, Kent, and at Cobham, Surrey. A small + plate of brass, in the possession of a friend, has on one side + a group of children, and on the reverse the uplifted hands of + an earlier figure." + + And lastly, one from "A.P.H." (to which we cannot do ample + justice, as we do not keep an engraver), from which we extract + the following passages:-- + + "A friend of mine has a shield in his possession, taken from + a slab, and which has been enamelled. It is of late date + and rudely executed. On the back is {371} seen the hands and + breast of a small female figure, very nearly a century earlier + in date. I can also remember an inscription in Cuxton Church, + Kent, which was loose, and had another inscription on the back + in the same manner. + + "I am very much impressed with the idea that the destroyed + brasses never had been used at all; but had been engraved, + and then, from circumstances that of course we cannot hope to + fathom, thrown on one side till the metal might be used for + some other purpose. This, I think, is a more probable, as well + as a more charitable explanation than the one usually given of + the so-called palimpsest brasses."] + + +_Chapels_ (No. 20. p. 333.).--As to the origin of the name, will you +allow me to refer Mr. Gatty to Ducange's _Glossary_, where he will +find much that is to his purpose. + +As to its being "a legal description," I will not undertake to +give an opinion without a fee; but I will mention a fact which may +assist him in forming one. I believe that fifty years ago the word +_Chapel_ was very seldom used among those who formed what was termed +the "Dissenting Interest;" that is, the three "denominations" of +Independents, Baptists, and Presbyterians. But I well recollect +hearing, from good authority, nearly, or quite, forty years ago, that +an eminent barrister (whom I might now describe as a late learned +judge), who was much looked up to by the dissenters as one of their +body, had particularly advised that in all trust-deeds relating to +places of dissenting worship, they should be called "Chapels." I do +not know that he assigned any reason, but I know that the opinion was +given, or communicated, to those who had influence; and, from my own +observation, I believe that from about that time we must date the +adoption of the term, which has now been long in general use. + +I do not imagine that there was any idea of either assistance +or opposition to the Church of England, in the mind of him who +recommended, or those who adopted, the alteration, or that either +of them expected or sought any thing by this measure but to obtain +a greater security for property, or, rather, to avoid some real +or imagined insecurity, found or supposed to attach to the form of +description previously in use. + +A BARRISTER. + + +_Forlot, Forthlot_ (No. 20. p. 320.).--A measure of grain used +throughout Scotland at present--query _fourthlot_. See Jamieson's +_Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language_. + + "_Firlot; Fyrlot; Furlet_.--A corn measure in S., the fourth + part of a boll. + + "Thay ordainit the boll to mat victual with, to be devidit + in foure partis, _videlicet_, foure _fyrlottis_ to contene + a boll; and that _fyrlot_ not to be maid efter the first + mesoure, na efter the mesoure now usit, bot in middill mesoure + betwixt the twa."--_Acts Jac._ l. 1526. c. 80. edit. 1566. + + "--Ane furme, ane furlet, + Ane pott, ane pek." + + Bannatyne _Poems_, p. 159. + +Skinner derives it from A.-S. _feower_, quatuor; and _lot_, _hlot_, +portio (the fourth part); Teut. "_viertel_." + +J.S. + + +_Loscop_ (No. 20. p. 319).--To be "Louecope-free" is one of the +immunities granted to the Cinque Ports in their charters of Liberties. + +Jeakes explains the term thus:-- + + "The Saxon word Cope (in Low Dutch still Kope or Koope), for + trade or merchandising, makes this as much as to trade freely + for love. So that by no kind of monopoly patent, or company or + society of traders or merchants, the portsmen be hindered from + merchandising; but freely and for love, be permitted to trade + and traffick, even by such company of merchants, whenever it + shall happen their concerns lie together." + +In my MSS., and in the print of Jeakes, it is "Louecope," with which +"Lofcope" may be readily identified; and _f_ may easily be misread for +_s_, especially if the roll be obscured. + +If Jeakes's etymology of the word be correct, the inference would +rather be that "Lovecope" was a tax for the goodwill of the port +at which a merchant vessel might arrive; a "port duty" in fact, +independent of "lastage" &c., chargeable upon every trader that +entered the port, whatever her cargo might be. And the immunities +granted to the portsmen were that they should be "port duty free." + +I do not venture to offer this as any thing more than a mere guess. +Among your contributors there are many more learned than myself in +this branch of antiquarian lore, who will probably be able to give +a more correct interpretation, and we shall feel obliged for any +assistance that they can give us in elucidating the question. + +"Lovecope" might perhaps be the designation of the association of +merchants itself, to which Jeakes alludes; and the liberty of forming +such association, with powers of imposing port duties, may have been +dependent on special grant to any port by royal charter, such as that +which forms the subject of your correspondent's communication. + +After all, perhaps, "Lovecope" was the word for an association of +merchants; and "Louecope-free" is to be freed from privileged taxation +by this body. + +L.B.L. + + +_Smelling of the Lamp_ (No. 21. p. 335.).--"X." will find the +expression [Greek: Illuchnion ozein] attributed to Pytheas by Plutarch +(_Vit. Demosth._, c. 8.). + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + + +_Anglo-Saxon MS. of Orosius_ (No. 20. p. 313.).--It may gratify Mr. +Singer to be informed that the Lauderdale MS., formerly in the library +at Ham House, is now preserved, with several other {372} valuable +manuscripts and books, in the library at Helmingham Hall, Suffolk, the +seat of the Tollemache family. + +M. + + +_Golden Frog_.--Ingenious as is the suggestion of "R.R." (No. 18. p. +282.), that Sir John Poley stuck a golden frog in his ear from his +affection for _tadpoles_, I think "R.R.'s" "Rowley Poley" may be +dismissed with the "_gammon_ and spinach" of the amorous frog to which +he alludes. + +Conceiving that the origin of so singular a badge could hardly fail to +be commemorated by some tradition in the family, I have made inquiry +of one of Sir John Poley's descendants, and I regret to hear from him +that "they have no authentic tradition respecting it, but that they +have always believed that it had some connection with the service Sir +John rendered in the Low Countries, where he distinguished himself +much by his military achievements." To the Low Countries, then, the +land of frogs, we must turn for the solution of the enigma. + +Gastras. + +Cambridge, March 9. + + +_Sword of Charles I._--Mr. Planché inquires (No. 12. p. 183.), "When +did the real sword of Charles the First's time, which, but a few years +back, hung at the side of that monarch's equestrian figure at Charing +Cross, disappear?"--It disappeared about the time of the coronation +of Her present Majesty, when some scaffolding was erected about the +statue, which afforded great facilities for removing the rapier (for +such it was); and I always understood it found its way, by some means +or other, to the Museum, so called, of the notoriously frolicsome +Captain D----, where, in company with the wand of the Great Wizard of +the North, and other well-known articles, it was carefully labelled +and numbered, and a little account appended of the circumstances of +its acquisition and removal. + +John Street. + + [Surely then Burke was right, and the "Age of Chivalry is + past!"--Otherwise the idea of _disarming a statue_ would never + have entered the head of any Man of Arms, even in his most + frolicsome of moods.] + + +_John Bull_.--_Vertue MSS._--I always fancied that the familiar name +for our countrymen, about the origin of which "R.F.H." inquires (No. +21. p. 336.), was adopted from Swift's _History of John Bull_, first +printed in 1712; but I have no authority for saying so. + +If the Vertue MSS. alluded to (No. 20. p. 319.) were ever returned by +Mr. Steevens to Dr. Rawlinson, they may be in the Bodleian Library, to +which the Doctor left all his collections, including a large mass of +papers purchased by him long after Pepys' death, as he described it, +"Thus et odores vendentibus." + +These "_Pepys_ papers," as far as I can recollect, were very +voluminous, and relating to all sorts of subjects; but I saw them in +1824, and had only then time to examine and extract for publication +portions of the correspondence. + +Braybrooke. + +Audley End, March 25. + + +_Vertue's Manuscripts_.--The MS. quoted under this title by Malone +is printed entire, or rather all of it which refers to plays, by Mr. +Peter Cunningham, in the _Papers of the Shakspeare Society_, vol. ii. +p. 123., from an interleaved copy of Langbaine. Since the publication +of that paper, the entries relating to Shakspeare's plays have been +given from the original MS. in the Bodleian Library, in Halliwell's +_Life of Shakspeare_, p. 272. + +S.L. + + +_Vertue's MSS_. (No. 20. p. 319.) were in Horace Walpole's possession, +bought by him, I think, of Vertue's widow; and his _Anecdotes of +Painting_ were chiefly composed from them, as he states, with great +modesty, in his dedication and his preface. I do not see in the +Strawberry-Hill Catalogue any notice of "Vertue's MSS.," though some +vols. of his collection of engravings were sold. + +C. + + +_Lines attributed to Tom Brown_.--In a book entitled _Liber +Facetiarum, being a Collection of curious and interesting Anecdotes_, +published at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, by D. Akenhead & Sons, 1809, the +passage attributed to Tom Brown by your correspondent "J.T." is given +to Zacharias Boyd. + +The only reference given as authority for the account is the initials +H.B. + + "Zacharias Boyd, whose bust is to be seen over the entrance + to the Royal College in Glasgow, while Professor in that + university, translated the Old and New Testament into Scotch + Metre; and, from a laudable zeal to disseminate religious + knowledge among the lower classes of the community, is said to + have left a very considerable sum to defray the expense of the + said work, which, however, his executors never printed." + +After a few specimens, the account goes on + + "But the highest flight of his Muse appears in the following + _beautiful Alexandrine_: + + "And was not Pharaoh a saucy rascal? + That would not let the children of Israel, their wives + And their little ones, their flocks and their herds, go + Out into the wilderness forty days + To eat the Pascal. + + "H.B." + +Speaking of Zachariah Boyd, Granger says, (vol. ii. p. 379.): + + "His translation of the Scripture in such uncouth verse as to + amount to burlesque, has been often quoted, and the just fame + of a benefactor to learning has been obscured by that cloud + of miserable rhymes. Candour will smile at the foible, but + applaud the man. + + "Macure, in his account of Glasgow, p. 223., informs us he + lived in the reign of Charles I." + +H.I. + +Sheffield, March 9. 1850. {373} + + +_Passage in Frith's Works_ (No. 20. p. 319).--This passage should be +read, as I suppose, "Ab inferiori ad suum superius confuse distribui." + +It means that there would be confusion, if what is said distributively +or universally of the lower, should be applied distributively or +universally to the higher; or, in other words, if what is said +universally of a species, should be applied universally to the genus +that contains that and other species: e.g., properties that are +universally found in the human species will not be found universally +in the genus Mammalis, and universal properties of Mammalia wil not be +universal over the animal kingdom. + +T.J. + + +_Martins, the Louvain Printer_.--Your correspondent "W." (No. +12. p. 185.) is informed, that in Falkenstein's _Geschichte der +Buchdrucherkunst_ (Leipzig, 1840, p. 257.), Theoderich Martens, +printer in Louvain and Antwerp, is twice mentioned. I have no doubt +but this is the correct German form of the name. Mertens, by which he +was also known, may very possibly be the Flemish form. His Christian +name was also written Dierik, a short form of Dietrich, which, in its +turn, is the same as Theodorich. + +NORTHMAN. + + +_Master of the Revels_.--"DR. RIMBAULT" states (No. 14. p. 219.), that +Solomon Dayrolle was appointed Master of the Revels in 1744, but does +not know the date of his decease. It may be unknown to Dr. Rimbault, +that Solomon Dayrolle_s_ was an intimate friend and correspondent of +the great Lord Chesterfield: the correspondence continues from 1748 +to 1755 in the selection of Chesterfield's letters to which I am +referring. + +Dayrolles, during all that period, held a diplomatic appointment from +this country at the Hague. See Lord Chesterfield's letter to him of +the 22d Feb. 1748, where Lord C. suggests that by being cautious he +(Dayrolles) may be put _en train d'être Monsieur l'Envoye_. + +In several of the letters Chesterfield warmly and familiarly commends +his hopeful son, Mr. Stanhope, to the care and attention of Dayrolles. + +I have not been able to ascertain when Dayrolles died, but the above +may lead to the discovery. + +W.H. LAMMIN. + + +_French Maxim_.--The French saying quoted by "R.V." is the 223rd +of _Les Réflexions morales du Duc de la Rochefoucauld_ (Pougin, +Paris, 1839). I feel great pleasure in being able to answer your +correspondent's query, as I hope that my reply may be the means of +introducing to his notice one of the most delightful authors that has +ever yet written: one who deserves far more attention than he appears +to receive from general readers in this degenerate age, and from whom +many of his literary successors have borrowed some of their brightest +thoughts. I need not go far for an illustration: + + "Praise undeserved, is scandal in disguise," + +is merely a condensation of, + + "Louer les princes des vertus qu'ils n'ont pas, c'est leur + dire impunément des injures."--La Rochefoucauld, Max. 327. + +I believe that Pope marks it as a _translation--a borrowed +thought--not as a quotation_. He has just before used the words "your +Majesty;" and I think the word "_scandal_" is employed "_consulto_," +and alludes to the offence known in English law as "scandalum +magnatum." Your correspondent will, of course, read the work in the +original; in fact, he _must_ do so _per force_. A good translation +of _Les Maximes_ is still a desideratum in English literature. I +have not yet seen one that could lay claim even to the meagre title +of mediocrity; although I have spared neither time nor pains in the +search. Should any of your readers have been more fortunate, I shall +feel obliged by their referring me to it. + +MELANION. + + +_Endeavour_.--I have just found the following instance of "endeavour" +used as an active verb, in Dryden's translation of Maimbourg's +_History of the League_, 1684. + + "On the one side the majestique House of Bourbon,... and on + the other side, that of two eminent families which endeavour'd + their own advancement by its destruction; the one is already + debas'd to the lowest degree, and the other almost reduc'd to + nothing."--p. 3. + +C. FORBES. + +Temple. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANIES. + +_Epigram by La Monnoye_.--It has been ingeniously said, that "Life is +an epigram, of which death is the point." Alas for human nature! good +points are rare; and no wonder, according to this wicked, but witty, + + EPIGRAM BY LA MONNOYE. + + The world of fools has such a store, + That he who would not see an ass, + Must bide at home, and bolt his door, + And break his looking glass. + +S.W.S. + +Mickleham, Dec. 10. 1849. + + +_Spur Money_.--Two or three years since, a party of sappers and miners +was stationed at Peterborough, engaged in the trigonometrical survey, +when the officer entered the cathedral with his spurs on, and was +immediately beset by the choristers, who demanded money of him for +treading the sacred floor with armed heels. Does any one know the +origin of this singular custom? I inquired of some of the dignitaries +of the Cathedral, but they were not aware even of its existence. The +boys, however, have more tenacious memories, at least where their +interest is concerned; but we must not look to them for the origin of +a {374} custom which appears to have long existed. In the _Memorials +of John Ray_, published by the Ray Society, p. 131., there is the +following entry in his second Itinerary:-- + + "July the 26th, 1661, we began our journey northwards from + Cambridge, and that day, passing through Huntingdon and + Stilton, we rode as far as Peterborough twenty-five miles. + There I first heard the Cathedral service. The choristers made + us pay money for coming into the choir with our spurs on." + +East Winch. + + [The following note from _The Book of the Court_ will serve + to illustrate the curious custom referred to by our + correspondent: + + "In _The Privy Purse Expenses of King Henry VIII._ edited by + Sir Harris Nicolas, there occur several entries of payments + made to the choristers of Windsor 'in rewarde for the king's + spurs'; which the editor supposes to mean 'money paid to + redeem the king's spurs, which had become the fee of the + choristers at Windsor, perhaps at installations, or at the + annual celebration of St. George's feast.' No notice of the + subject occurs in Ashmole's or Anstis's _History of the Order + of the Garter_. Mr. Markland, quoting a note to Gifford's + edition of Ben Jonson, vol. ii. p. 49., says, 'In the time + of Ben Jonson, in consequence of the interruptions to Divine + Service occasioned by the ringing of the spurs worn by persons + walking and transacting business in cathedrals, and especially + in St. Paul's, a small fine was imposed on them, called + "spur-money," the exaction of which was committed to the + beadles and singing-boys.' This practice, and to which, + probably, the items in Henry's household-book bear reference, + still obtains, or, at least, did till very lately, in the + Chapel Royal and other choirs. Our informant himself claimed + the penalty, in Westminster Abbey, from Dr. Fisher, Bishop of + Rochester, and received from him an eighteenpenny bank token + as the fine. He likewise claimed the penalty from the King + of Hanover (then Duke of Cumberland), for entering the choir + of the Abbey in his spurs. But His Royal Highness, who had + been installed there, excused himself with great readiness, + pleading 'his right to wear his spurs in that church, inasmuch + as it was the place where they were first put on him!'--See + further, _European Mag._, vol. iii. p. 16."] + + * * * * * + +MINIMUM DE MALIS. + +(_FROM THE LATIN OF BUCHANAN._) + + Calenus owed a single pound, which yet + With all my dunning I could never get. + Tired of fair words, whose falsehood I foresaw, + I hied to Aulus, learned in the law. + He heard my story, bade me "Never fear, + There was no doubt--no case could be more clear:-- + He'd do the needful in the proper place, + And give his best attention to the case." + And this he may have done--for it appears + To have been his business for the last ten years, + Though on his pains ten times ten pounds bestow'd + Have not regain'd that one Calenus owed. + Now, fearful lest this unproductive strife + Consume at once my fortune and my life, + I take the only course I can pursue, + And shun my debtor and my lawyer too. + I've no more hope from promises or laws, + And heartily renounce both debt and cause-- + But if with either rogue I've more to do, + I'll surely choose my debtor of the two; + For though I credit not the lies he tells, + At least he _gives_ me what the other _sells_. + +Rufus. + + * * * * * + +_Epigram on Louis XIV._--I find the following epigram among some old +papers. The emperor would be Leopold I., the king Louis XIV. + +_Epigram by the Emperor, 1666, and the King of France._ + + Bella fugis, sequeris bellas, pugnæque repugnas, + Et bellatori sunt tibi bella tori. + Imbelles imbellis amas, totusque videris + Mars ad opus Veneris, Martis ad arma Venus. + +J.H.L. + + +_Macaulay's Young Levite._--I met, the other day with a rather curious +confirmation of a passage in Macaulay's _History of England_, which +has been more assailed perhaps than any other. + +In his character of the clergy, Macaulay says, they frequently +married domestics and retainers of great houses--a statement which has +grievously excited the wrath of Mr. Babington and other champions. +In a little book, once very popular, first published in 1628, with +the title _Microcosmographie, or a Piece of the World discovered_, +and which is known to have been written by John Earle, after the +Restoration Bishop of Worcester and then of Salisbury, is the +following passage. It occurs in what the author calls a character of +"a young raw preacher." + + "You shall know him by his narrow velvet cape and serge + facing, and his ruffe, next his hire, the shortest thing + about him.... His friends, and much painefulnesse, may + preferre him to thirtie pounds a yeere, and this meanes, to + a chamber-maide: with whom we leave him now in the bonds of + wedlocke. Next Sunday you shall have him againe." + +The same little book contains many very curious and valuable +illustrations of contemporary manners, especially in the universities. + +That the usage Macaulay refers to was not uncommon, we find from a +passage in the _Woman-Hater_, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1607), Act +III. Sc. 3. + +Lazarillo says, + + "Farewell ye courtly chaplains that be there! + All good attend you! May you never more + Marry your patron's lady's waiting-woman!" + +I.T. + +Trin. Coll. Camb., March 16. 1850. {375} + + +_St. Martin's Lane_.--The first building leases of St. Martin's Lane +and the adjacent courts accidentally came under my notice lately. +They are dated in 1635 and 1636, and were granted by the then Earl of +Bedford. + +Arun. + + * * * * * + +CHARLES DEERING, M.D. + +"Author of the Catalogue of Plants in the neighbourhood of Nottingham. +'Catalogus Stirpium, &c., or a Catalogue of Plants naturally growing +and commonly cultivated in divers parts of England, and especially +about Nottingham,' 8vo. Nottingh. 1738. + +"He was in the suite of the English ambassador to Russia, returned and +practised physic in London married unfortunately, buried his wife, +and then went to Nottingham, where he lived several years. During +his abode there he wrote a small _Treatise on the Small Pocks_, this +_Catalogue of Plants_, and the _History of Nottingham_, the materials +for which John Plumtre, Esq. of Nottingham, was so obliging as to +assist him with. He also was paid 40l. by a London bookseller for +adding 20,000 words to an English dictionary. He was master of seven +languages, and in 1746 he was favoured with a commission in the +Nottinghamshire Foot, raised at that time. Soon after died, and was +buried in St. Peter's Churchyard. + +"William Ayscough, father of the printer of this _Catalogus Stirpium_ +(G. Ayscough), in 1710, first introduced the art of printing at +Nottingham. + +"Mr. White was the same year the first printer at Newcastle-upon-Tyne; +and Mr. Dicey at Northampton."--_MS. Note in the Copy of the Cat. +Stirpium, in the Library of the British Museum_. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC. + +Our advertising columns already show some of the good results of the +_Exhibition of the Works of Ancient and Mediæval Art_. Mr. Williams +announced last week his _Historic Reliques_, to be etched by +himself. Mr. Cundall has issued proposals for _Choice Examples of Art +Workmanship_; and, lastly, we hear that an _Illustrated Catalogue +of the Exhibition_, prepared by Mr. Franks, the zealous Honorary +Secretary of the Committee, and so arranged as to form a _History of +Art_, may be expected. We mention these for the purpose of inviting +our friends to contribute to the several editors such information as +they may think likely to increase the value of the respective works. + +The second edition of our able correspondent, Mr. Peter Cunningham's +_Handbook of London_, is on the eve of publication. + +There are few of our readers but will be glad to learn from +the announcement in a previous column, that the edition of the +_Wickliffite Versions of the Scriptures_, upon which Sir Frederick +Madden and his fellow labourers have been engaged for a period of +twenty years, is just completed. It forms, we believe, three quarto +volumes. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson lately disposed of a most select and +interesting collection of autograph letters. We unfortunately did not +receive the catalogue in time to notice it, which we the more regret, +because, like all their catalogues of autographs, it was drawn up with +amateur-like intelligence and care; so as to make it worth preserving +as a valuable record of materials for our history and biography. + +We have received the following Catalogues of Books:--No. XXV. of +Thomas Cole's (15. Great Turnstile): No. 2. for 1850, of William +Heath's (29½ Lincoln's Inn Fields); and No. 15. of Bernard Quarritch's +(16. Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue of Oriental and +Foreign Books. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE + +(_IN CONTINUATION OF LISTS IN FORMER NOS._) + +Mills, Rev. Isaac, of Highcleer--Account of the Life and Conversation +of, with a Sermon, 8vo., 1721. + +Mykur Hazem, by Marcus, London, 1846. + +Poems by a Bornnatural, 1849. + +_ODD VOLUMES_. + +Proceedings of the Philological Society. Vol. I. + +Richardson's Correspondence, Vol. I. of the Six-Volume Ed. + +Todd's Johnson's Dictionary, 4to., 1819. (Part X. containing Title, +Preface, &c.) + +Partington's British Cyclopædia--That portion of Natural History which +follows Vol. I. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, +to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet +Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +Burning for Treason.--Can the Correspondent who furnished us with +a curious Note upon this subject favour us with a copy of it, the +original having been accidentally mislaid? + +We are again compelled, from want of space, to omit many curious +and interesting articles; and, after this statement, must beg our +kind friends at Leeds, Brompton, &c., who complain of delay in the +insertion of their communications, to do us the favour to refer to the +notice on this very subject which appeared in our early numbers. + +Notes and Queries may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday: +so that our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in +receiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably +not yet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive +Copies in their Saturday parcels. Part V. is now ready. + + * * * * *{376} + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, + +No. CLXXII. is Published This Day. + + CONTENTS: + I. GIACOMO LEOPARDI AND HIS WRITINGS. + II. RANKE'S HOUSE OF BRANDENBURG. + III. QUEEN'S COLLEGE, LONDON. + IV. GROTE'S HISTORY OF GREECE. + V. URQUHART'S PILLARS OF HERCULES. + VI. FACTS IN FIGURES. + VII. THE DUTIFUL SON. + VIII. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF LONDON. + IX. BAXTER'S IMPRESSIONS OF EUROPE. + X. LORD LIEUTENANT CLARENDON. + XI. LOUIS PHILIPPE. + +John Murray, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + +NEARLY READY. + +[Illustration: CHOICE EXAMPLES OF ART WORKMANSHIP Selected from the +Exhibition of ANCIENT AND MEDIÆVAL ART at the Society of Arts] + +A Prospectus, containing a Specimen of the Illustrations, will be sent +on receipt of two postage stamps. + +Joseph Cundall, 21. Old Bond Street. + + * * * * * + +MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF ANCIENT AND MODERN BOOKS.--NUMBER FOUR is ready +this day, and can be had Gratis, and sent, if required, Postage Free. +Address, John Miller, 43, Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square. This List +embraces numerous valuable and interesting Books on English Poetry, +the Drama, History, Biography, Voyages and Travels, &c., with the +works of a few of the best Continental writers, a selection of +Pictorial Books of Scenery, Costume, Topography, and Drawing-room +Table Books. + +Also, on forwarding Four Postage Stamps, JOHN MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF +BOOKS FOR THE PAST QUARTER may be had stitched in a wrapper, with +a Table of Contents, showing at one glance the range of subjects +embraced, amongst which may be enumerated the following, viz., +America, Angling, Banking and Currency, Coins, Dictionaries, +Drawing-books, Games, Sports, &c., Heraldry, Genealogy and Family +History, Ireland, its History and Literature, Kent, its History and +Topography, Law, Music, its History and Theory, Painting and the Fine +Arts, Shakspeariana, and a variety of other branches of Literature +comprised in upwards of 1500 articles. + +John Miller, 43. 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(for March), price 1s. 3d., now ready. + +NOTES AND QUERIES: a Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, +Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, &c. + +The attention of Publishers and Booksellers is particularly +requested to this Periodical as a medium for advertising. It contains +communications from the most eminent Literary Men, and is circulated +largely amongst the best class of book-buyers. + +In addition to the valuable matter which will be found in its columns, +it contains notices of Book Sales, Booksellers' Catalogues, and Lists +of Books wanted to purchase,--features which it is believed will +be found valuable to Dealers in Old Books, as well as useful to +Purchasers. + + SCALE OF PRICES. + £ s. d. + Six lines and under . . . . 0 5 0 + Above six lines, per line . 0 0 6 + Half a column . . . . . . . 0 16 0 + Column . . . . . . . . . . 1 10 0 + Page . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 0 + +***Advertisements must be sent by the Wednesday previous to the +Saturday on which they are intended to appear; Notes and Queries +being issued to the Trade on Friday afternoon. + +OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. + + "As good a first number as we remember to have seen. The + Editor exhibits a phalanx of eminent assistants. * * There can + be no doubt of the value of a Literary Medium of this peculiar + kind."--_Athenæum_. + + "We like the plan much. * * We wish success to a + publication which promises to be agreeable, intelligent, and + useful."--_Literary Gazette_. + + "We feel great pleasure in welcoming into the literary + world this publication, which promises to fill up a void + that has constantly been lamented by every person engaged + in any particular branch of study that required experience + and research. * * It is a publication in which all literary + persons must feel a deep interest, and that has our heartiest + wishes for its success."--_Morning Herald_. + + "This is a new periodical, with a new idea, and one that + deserves and will be sure to receive encouragement amongst + scholars and readers really deserving that appellation. * * + It is a capital idea; and every one who makes Notes or has + Queries should buy it and contribute to it."--_Weekly News_. + + "That valuable publication The Notes and Queries, so + auspiciously commenced."--_New Bell's Messenger_. + + "With whomsoever the idea of publishing this useful and + interesting periodical first originated, that person is + entitled to the thanks of every author, antiquary, and + scholar, in the United Kingdom. * * We recommend, in all + sincerity, The Notes and Queries to the attention of lovers + of literature in general."--_Morning Post_. + +London: George Bell, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, Parts 13 and 14, imperial quarto. Price 3_s._ +each, tinted 4s. + +RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE, from Drawings by John +Johnson, Architect, F.S.A., Lithographed by Alfred Newman. + +Contents, Part 13:--Hawton Church; Notts.--St. Mary's, +Stamford--Aldwinkle, All Saints, Northamptonshire-Wellingborough +Church, Northamptonshire. + +Part 14--Skelton Church, from the South-East and South-West--Rye +House, Herts.--Holbeach Church, Lincolnshire. + +This Work is intended to embrace a series of examples of +Ecclesiastical, Collegiate, and Domestic Architecture. It will be +completed in Twenty Monthly Parts, price 3s. each, tinted 4s. + +London: George Bell, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Preparing for immediate Publication, in 2 vols. small octavo. + +THE FOLK-LORE OF ENGLAND. By William J. Thoms, F.S.A., Secretary +of the Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and +Legends of all Nations," &c. One object of the present work is to +furnish new contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; +and especially some of the more striking illustrations of the subject +to be found in the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental +Antiquaries. + +Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and +Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and +will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed +to the care of Mr. Bell, Office of "Notes and Queries," 186. Fleet +Street. + + * * * * * + +Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. +New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; +and published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish +of St. Dunstan in The West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. +186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 6, 1850. + + * * * * * + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries 1850.04.06, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12505 *** diff --git a/12505-8.txt b/12505-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ad3fec --- /dev/null +++ b/12505-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2413 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries 1850.04.06, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries 1850.04.06 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: June 3, 2004 [EBook #12505] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES 1850.04.06 *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, William Flis, and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. With thanks to Internet Library of Early Journals. + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 23.] SATURDAY, APRIL 6. 1850. [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * *{361} + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- Page + Periplus of Hanno, by R.T. Hampson 361 + Pope Vindicated 362 + The Supper of the Lorde 362 + Folk Lore:--Palm Sunday Wind--Curious Symbolical Custom--The Wild + Huntsman 363 + On Authors and Books, No. VI, by Bolton Corney 363 + +QUERIES:-- + Nicholas Breton's Crossing of Proverbs, by J.P. Collier 364 + Sword called Curtana, by E.F. Rimbault, LL.D. 364 + Is the Dombec the Domesday of Alfred? by George Munford 365 + Minor Queries:--Wickliffite Versions of the Scriptures--Gloves--Law + Courts at St. Alban's--Milton Pedigree--Sapcote Motto--Scala Coeli, + &c. 366 + +REPLIES:-- + The Arabic Numerals and Cipher 367 + Replies to Minor Queries, by Sir W.C. Trevelyan 368 + Derivation of "News" 369 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Swot--Pokership--Vox Populi--Living Dog better + than dead Lion--Curious Monumental Brasses--Chapels--Forthlot--Loscop-- + Smelling of the Lamp--Anglo-Saxon MS. of Orosius--Golden Frog--Sword + of Charles I.--John Bull--Vertue MSS.--Lines attributed to Tom Brown, + &c. 369 + +MISCELLANIES:-- + Epigram by La Monnoye--Spur Money--Minimum de Malls--Epigram on Louis + XIV.--Macaulay's Young Levite--St. Martin's Lane--Charles Deering, + M.D. 373 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 375 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 375 + Notices to Correspondents 375 + Advertisements 376 + + * * * * * + +PERIPLUS OF HANNO THE CARTHAGINIAN. + +I am not sufficiently Quixotic to attempt a defence of the +Carthaginians on the western coast of Africa, or any where else, but +I submit that the accusation brought against them by Mr. S. Bannister, +formerly Attorney-General of New South Wales, is not sustained by +the only record we possess of Hanno's colonising expedition. That +gentleman, in his learned _Records of British Enterprise beyond Sea_, +just published, says, in a note, p. xlvii.:-- + +"The first nomade tribe they reached was friendly, and furnished +Hanno with _interpreters_. At length they discovered a nation _whose +language was unknown to the interpreters_. These strangers they +attempted to seize; and, upon their resistance, they took three of the +women, whom they put to death, and carried their skins to Carthage" +(_Geogr. Græci Minores_, Paris, 1826, p. 115.). + +Hanno obtained interpreters from a people who dwelt on the banks +of a large river, called the Lixus, and supposed to be the modern +St. Cyprian. Having sailed thence for several days, and touched at +different places, planting a colony in one of them, he came to a +mountainous country inhabited by savages, who wore skins of wild +beasts, [Greek: dermata thaereia enaemmenon]. At a distance of +twelve days' sail he came to some Ethiopians, who could not endure +the Carthaginians, and who spoke unintelligibly even to the Lixite +interpreters. These are the people whose women, Mr. Bannister says, +they killed. Hanno sailed from this inhospitable coast fifteen +days, and came to a gulf which he calls [Greek: Notou Kera], or +South Horn. + + "Here," says the Dr. Hawkesworth, of Carthage, "in the gulf, + was an island, like the former, containing a lake, and in + this another island, full of wild men; but the women were + much more numerous, _with hairy bodies_ ([Greek: daseiai tois + somasin]), whom the interpreters called [Greek: gorillas]. + We pursued the men, who, flying to precipices, defended + themselves with stones, and could not be taken. Three women, + who bit and scratched their leaders, would not follow them. + Having killed them, we brought their skins to Carthage." + +He does not so much as intimate that the creatures who so defended +themselves with stones, or those whose bodies were covered with +hair, spoke any language. Nothing but the words [Greek: anthropoi +agrioi] and [Greek: gunaikes] can lead us to believe that they were +human beings at all; while the description of the behaviour of the +men, and the bodies of the women, is not repugnant to the supposition +that they were large apes, baboons, or orang-outangs, common to this +part of Africa. At all events, the voyagers do not say that they +flayed a people having the faculty of speech. + +It is not, however, improbable that the Carthaginians were severe +taskmasters of the people whom they subdued. Such I understand those +to have been who opened the British tin mines, and who, according to +Diodorus Siculus, excessively overworked the wretches who toiled for +them, "wasting their bodies underground, and dying, {362} many a one, +through extremity of suffering, while others perished under the lashes +of the overseer." (_Bibl. Hist._ l. v. c. 38.) + +R.T. Hampson. + + * * * * * + +POPE VINDICATED. + +"P.C.S.S." is too great an admirer of Pope not to seek to vindicate +him from one, at least, of the blunders attributed to him by Mr. D. +Stevens, at p. 331. of the "Notes and Queries." + + "Singed are his _brows_, the scorching _lids_ grow black." + +Now, if Mr. S. will refer to Homer, he will find that the original +fully justifies the use of "brows" and "lids" in the _plural_. It runs +thus (_Od._ ix. v. 389.): + + "[Greek: Panta de ui blephar amphi kai ophruas eusen autmae]." + +"P.C.S.S." wishes that he could equally remove from Pope the charge +of inaccuracy respecting the _three_ cannibal meals of Polyphemus. He +fears that nothing can be alleged to impugn Mr. Stevens's perfectly +just criticism. + +While on the subject of Pope, "P.C.S.S." would wish to advert to +a communication (No. 16. p. 246.) in which it is insinuated that +Pope was probably indebted to Petronius Arbiter for the well-known +passage-- + + "Worth makes the man, and want of it the fellow; + The rest is all but leather and prunella." + +With all respect for the ingenious author of that communication, +"P.C.S.S." confesses that he is unable to discover such a similitude +of expression as might warrant the notion that Pope had been a +borrower from Petronius. He cannot suppose that Mr. F. could have been +led away by any supposed analogy between _corium_ and _coricillum_. +The latter, Mr. F. must know, is nothing more than a diminutive of +a diminutive (coricillum, _not_ corcillum, from corculum); and the +word is coined by Petronius to ridicule one of the affectations of +Trimalchio (Nero), who was wont to indulge, to an absurd extent, in +the use of such diminutives (_vide_ Burmann, _in loco_). "P.C.S.S." +will now subjoin such translations of the passage in question as he +has hitherto had opportunities of referring to. The first is from _The +Works of Petronius Arbiter, translated by several hands_, Lond. 8vo. +4th edit. 1714. At the beginning of the translation itself there is +this heading--"Made English by Mr. Wilson, of the Middle Temple, and +several others." The passage in question is thus rendered:-- + + "Come, my friends, let us see how merry you can be! for in my + time, I have been no better than yourselves; but, by my own + industry, I am what I am. _'Tis the heart makes the man_; all + the rest is but stuff!" + +In another translation, which, with Grub-Street audacity, the +publisher, in his title-passage, presumes to attribute to Addison! +and which appeared in 1736 (Lond. 8vo.), the passage is as follows:-- + + "I was once as you are: but now, thanks to my industry, I am + what I am. _It is the heart that makes the man_; all the rest + is but stuff!" + +Be the translator who he may, this version, so impudently ascribed to +the moral Addison, is written with much spirit and power, and with a +remarkable comprehension of the author's meaning. Some of the poetical +fragments at the end are, indeed, singularly well done. + +Of the two French versions which "P.C.S.S." has examined, the one by +Levaur (Paris, 8vo. 1726) thus translates the passage: + + "Je vous prie, mes amis ... _C'est le coeur qui fait les + hommes; je compte le reste pour un fétu_." + +In that of Boispreaux (Lond. 1742), it is simply rendered-- + + "Mon sçavoir faire m'a tiré du pair. _C'est le coeur qui fait + l'homme_ ..." + +No attempt is made to translate the _quisquilia_. + +P.C.S.S. + + * * * * * + +"THE SUPPER OF THE LORDE." + +I shall be glad to find that your correspondent "C.H." (No. 21. p. +333.) receives a satisfactory answer to his inquiry, as such a reply +would also satisfy my earlier query, No. 7. p. 109. I perceive, +however, from his letter, that I can give him some information on +other points noticed in it, though the absence of papers now passing +through the press with the Parker Society's reprint of a third volume +of Tyndale, will prevent my replying with such precision as I could +wish. That ancient tract on "The Supper of the Lorde, after the true +meanyng of the sixte of John," &c., of which "C.H." says he possesses +a copy, was reprinted at different intervals with the same date, viz., +MCCCCCXXXIII, Apryll v., on its title-page. The original edition has a +final colophon, stating that it was "imprinted at Nornberg, by Nielas +Twonson," and is so rare, that I have not been able to discover the +existence of any copy, but one recently deposited in the Bodleian. +That "C.H.'s" copy is not a specimen of that first edition, is +apparent from two circumstances. The first is, that he has given you +a quotation from his copy as follows:--"And as for M. More, whom the +verity most offendeth, and doth but mocke it," whereas the original +edition has, "And as for M. Mocke," &c., and Sir Thomas More notices +this mockage of his name in his reply. The next is, that his copy +contains "Crowley's Epistle to the Reader," which does not appear in +any edition of an earlier date than 1551. When first attached to this +treatise, the epistle was anonymous, as may be seen in the Lambeth +copy; but Crowley eventually {363} affixed his name to the epistle, +as it appears in "C.H.'s" and in other copies. Robert Crowley was a +fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; vicar of St. Giles, Cripplegate; +a printer and publisher; but to his singular combination of titles, we +cannot add that of author of the treatise in question. "C.H." has seen +that he did not enter Oxford till 1534; and in his Prefatory Epistle, +Crowley speaks of the author of the treatise as a person distinct from +himself. + +I do not wish, however, to be considered as positively affirming the +treatise to be Tyndale's. Foxe, the martyrologist, edited Tyndale's +works for Day, and he has only said that this treatise was "compiled, +as some do gather, by M. Wm. Tyndale, because the method and phrase +agree with his, and the time of writing are [sic] concurrent." On the +other hand, the authorship is unhesitatingly assigned to Tyndale by +Mr. C. Anderson (_Annals of the English Bible_, §ix. _ad finem_), +and by Mr. Geo. Offer (_Mem. of Tyndale_, p. 30.), the two most +pains-taking and best informants as to his works. But still there are +objections of such force, that I must confess myself rather inclined +to attribute the treatise to Joy's pen, if I could but be satisfied +that he was capable of writing so correctly, and of keeping so clear +of vulgarity in a controversy with a popish persecutor. + +H.W. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Palm Sunday Wind_.--It is a common idea among many of the farmers and +labourers of this immediate neighbourhood, that, from whatever quarter +the wind blows for the most part on Palm Sunday, it will continue +to blow from the same quarter for the most part during the ensuing +summer. + +Is this notion prevalent in other parts of the country, as a piece of +"Folk-Lore?" + +R.V. + +Winchester, March 26. + + +_Curious Symbolical Custom_.--On Saturday last I married a couple in +the parish church. An old woman, an aunt of the bridegroom, displeased +at the marriage, stood at the church gate and pronounced an anathema +on the married pair. She then bought a new broom, went home, swept +her house, and hung the broom over the door. By this she intimated her +rejection of her nephew, and forbade him to enter her house. Is this a +known custom? What is its origin? + +H. Morland Austen. + +St. Peter's, Thanet, March 25. 1850. + + +_The Wild Huntsman_.--The interesting contributions of your +correspondent "Seleucus," on "Folk Lore," brought to my recollection +the "Wild Huntsman" of the German poet, Tieck; of whose verses on that +superstitious belief, still current among the imaginative peasantry of +Germany, I send you a translation, _done into English_ many years ago. +The Welsh dogs of Annwn, or "couriers of the air"--the spirit-hounds +who hunt the souls of the dead--are part of that popular belief +existing among all nations, which delivers up the noon of night to +ungracious influences, that "fade on the crowing of the cock." + + +"THE WILD HUNTSMAN. + + "At the dead of the night the Wild Huntsman awakes, + In the deepest recess of the dark forest's brakes; + He lists to the storm, and arises in scorn. + He summons his hounds with his far-sounding horn; + He mounts his black steed; like the lightning they fly + And sweep the hush'd forest with snort and with cry. + Loud neighs his black courser; hark his horn, how 'tis swelling! + He chases his comrades, his hounds wildly yelling. + Speed along! speed along! for the race is all ours; + Speed along! speed along! while the midnight still lours; + The spirits of darkness will chase him in scorn, + Who dreads our wild howl, and the shriek of our horn, + Thus yelling and belling they sweep on the wind, + The dread of the pious and reverent mind: + But all who roam gladly in forests, by night, + This conflict of spirits will strangely delight." + +J.M. + +Oxford, March 13. + + * * * * * + +ON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. VI. + +In the union of scholarship, polished manners, and amiability of +character, we have had few men to surpass the reverend Joseph Spence. +His career was suitable to his deserts. He was fortunate in his +connections, fortunate in his appointments, and fortunate in his share +of fame. + +His fame, however, is somewhat diminished. His _Essay on the Odyssey_, +which procured him the friendship of Pope, has ceased to be in +request; his _Polymetis_, once the ornament of every choice library, +has been superseded by the publications of Millin and Smith; his poems +are only to be met with in the collections of Dodsley and Nichols. If +we now dwell with pleasure on his name, it is chiefly as a recorder +of the sayings of others--it is on account of his assiduity in making +_notes!_ I allude to the volume entitled _Anecdotes, observations, +and characters of books and men_, which was edited by my friend Mr. +Singer, with his wonted care and ability in 1820. + +The _Essay on the Odyssey_ was first published anonymously in 1726-7. +It was reprinted in 1737 and 1747. A copy of the latter edition, now +in my possession, contains this curious note:-- + + "It is remarkable that of twelve passages objected to in this + critique on the English Odyssey, _two_ only are found in those + books which were translated by Pope. + + "From Mr. Langton, who had his information from Mr. Spence. + + "When Spence carried his preface to Gorboduc in {364} 1736 to + Pope, he asked him his opinion. Pope said 'It would do very + well; there was nothing _pert_ or _low_ in it.' Spence was + satisfied with this praise, which however, was in implied + censure on all his other writings.--He is very fond of the + familiar vulgarisms of common talk, and is the very reverse of + Dr. Johnson. + +"E.M." [Edmond Malone.] + +The note is not signed at length, but there can be no doubt as to its +authorship, as I purchased the volume which contains it at the sale of +the unreserved books of Mr. Malone in 1818. + +Bolton Corney. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +NICHOLAS BRETON'S "CROSSING OF PROVERBS." + +Although my query respecting William Basse and his poem, "Great +Britain's Sun's Set," (No. 13. p. 200), produced no positive +information touching that production, it gave an opportunity to some +of your correspondents to communicate valuable intelligence relating +to the author and to other works by him, for which I, for one, was +very much obliged. If I did not obtain exactly what I wanted, I +obtained something that hereafter may be extremely useful; and that +I could not, perhaps, have obtained in any other way than through the +medium of your pleasant and welcome periodical. + +I am now, therefore, about to put a question regarding another writer +of more celebrity and ability. Among our early pamphleteers, there was +certainly none more voluminous than Nicholas Breton, who began writing +in 1575, and did not lay down his pen until late in the reign of +James I. A list of his pieces (by no means complete, but the fullest +that has been compiled) may be seen in Lowndes's _Bibl. Manual_; +it includes several not by Breton, among them Sir Philip Sidney's +_Ourania_, 1606, which in fact is by a person of the name Backster; +and it omits the one to which my present communication refers, and +regarding which I am at some loss. + +In the late Mr. Heber's _Catalogue_, part iv. p. 10., I read as +follows, under the name of Nicholas Breton:-- + + "Crossing of Proverbs. The Second Part, with certaine briefe + Questions and Answeres, by N.B., Gent. Extremely rare and very + curious, _but imperfect_. It appears to contain a portion of + the first part, and also of the second; but it appears to be + unknown." + +Into whose hands this fragment devolved I know not; and that is one +point I am anxious to ascertain, because I have another fragment, +which consists of what is evidently the first sheet of the first part +of the tract in question, with the following title-page, which I quote +_totidem literis_:-- + + "Crossing of Proverbs. Crosse-Answeres. And Crosse-Humours. By + B.N., Gent. At London, Printed for John Wright, and are to be + solde at his Shop without Newgate, at the signe of the Bible, + 1616." + +It is in 8vo., as Heber's fragment appears to have been; but then the +initials of the author are given as N.B., whereas in my fragment they +stand B.N., a usual inversion with Nicholas Breton; the brief address +"To the Reader" is also subscribed B.N.; and then begins the body of +the work, thus headed: "Crosse and Pile, or, Crossing of Proverbs." It +opens as follows: + + "_Proverb_. The more the merrier. + _Cross_. Not so; one hand is enough in a purse. + _P._ Every man loves himselfe best. + _C._ Not so, when man is undone by suretyship. + _P._ He that runnes fastest gets most ground. + _C._ Not so, for then foote-men would have more land than their masters. + _P._ He runnes far that never turnes. + _C._ Not so, he may breake his necke in a short course. + _P._ No man can call againe yesterday. + _C._ Yes, hee may call till his heart ake, though it never come. + _P._ Had I wist was a foole. + _C._ No, he was a foole that said so." + +And so it proceeds, not without humour and point, here and there +borrowing from known sources, as in the following:-- + + "_Proverb._ The world is a long journey. + _Cros._ Not so, the sunne goes it every day. + _P._ It is a great way to the bottom of the sea. + _C._ Not so, it is but a stone's cast." + +However, my object is not to give specimens of the production further +than are necessary for its identification. My queries are, 1st, Who +bought Mr. Heber's fragment, and where is it now to be found? 2nd, Are +any of your correspondents aware of the existence of a perfect copy of +the work? + +I naturally take a peculiar interest about Nicholas Breton, because +I have in my possession an unknown collection of amatory and pastoral +poems by him, printed in quarto in 1604, in matter and measure obvious +imitations of productions in "The Passionate Pilgrim," 1599, imputed +to Shakespeare, and some of which are unquestionably by Richard +Barnfield. + +Any new information regarding Breton and his works will be most +acceptable to me. I am already in possession of undoubted proof that +he was the Nicholas Breton whose epitaph is on the chancel-wall of the +church of Norton, in Northamptonshire, a point Ritson seems to have +questioned. + +J. Payne Collier. + +March 30. 1850. + + * * * * * + +THE SWORD CALLED CURTANA. + +In the wardrobe account for the year 1483, are "iij swerdes, whereof +oon with a flat poynte, {365} called _curtana_, and ij other swords, +all iij swords covered in a yerde di of crymysym tisshue cloth of +gold." + +The name of _curtana_ for many ages continued to be given to the first +royal sword in England. It existed as long ago as the reign of Henry +III., at whose coronation (A.D. 1236) it was carried by the Earl of +Chester. We find it at the coronations of Edward II. and Richard II.; +also in the time of Henry IV., Richard III., and Henry VII.; and among +the royal arms of Edward VI. we read of "a swerde called _curtana_." + +Can any of your readers explain the origin of the name _curtana_, +a sword so famous that it carries us back to the days of ancient +chivalry, when it was wielded by the Dane _Uggiero_, or by the still +more famed _Orlando_. + +Edward F. Rimbault. + + * * * * * + +IS THE DOMBEC THE DOMESDAY OF ALFRED? + +I beg to propose the following "Query":--Is the _Dombec_, a work +referred to in the Laws of Edward the Elder, the same as what has been +called the Domesday or Winchester Book of Alfred the Great? I incline +to think that it is not, and shall be much obliged to any of your +correspondents, learned in the Anglo-Saxon period of our history, who +will give himself the trouble of resolving my doubts. + +Sir Henry Spelman, in his Glossary _voce Dombec_, calls it the _Liber +Judicialis_ of the Anglo-Saxons; and says it is mentioned in the first +chapter of the laws of Edward the Elder, where the king directs his +judges to conduct themselves in their judicial proceedings as on [Old +English: thaere dom bec stand], that is, as _is enjoined in their Dome +Book_.--"Quod," he continues, "an de præcedentium Regum legibus quæ +hodie extant, intelligendum sit: an de alio quopiam libro hactenus non +prodeunte, incertum est." + +But this uncertainty does not seem to have attached itself to the +mind of Sir William Blackstone; for in the third section of the +Introduction prefixed to his _Commentaries on the Laws of England_, he +informs us that our antiquaries "tell us that in the time of Alfred, +the local customs of the several provinces of the kingdom were grown +so various, that he found it expedient to compile his _Dome Book_, or +_Liber Judicialis_, for the general use of the whole kingdom." This +book is said to have been extant so late as the reign of King Edward +IV., but is now unfortunately lost. It contained, we may probably +suppose, the principal maxims of the common law, the penalties for +misdemeanors, and the forms of judicial proceedings. Thus much may be +at least collected from that injunction to observe it, which we find +in the Laws of King Edward the Elder, the son of Alfred.--"_Omnibus +qui reipublicæ præsunt etiam atque etiam mando, ut omnibus æquos +se præbeant judices, perinde ac in judiciali libro_ (Saxonice, [Old +English: dom bec]) _scriptum habetur: nec quidquid formident quin +jus commune_ (Saxonice, [Old English: folcrihte]) _audactes libereque +dicant._" + +But notwithstanding this, it appears to me by no means conclusive, +that the _Dombec_ referred to in the Laws of Edward the Elder and the +_Liber Judicialis_ of Alfred are the same; on the contrary, Alfred's +_Liber Judicialis_ seems to have been known not under the name +of _Dombec_, but under that of the _Winchester Roll_, from the +circumstance of its having been principally kept at Winchester: and +Sir Henry Spelman says, the Domesday Book of William the Conqueror was +sometimes called _Rotulus Wintoniæ, a similitudine antiquoris_, from +its resemblance to an older document preserved at Winchester. And he +quotes Ingulphus Abbot of Croyland, who says, "Iste rotulus (i.e. the +Domesday Book of William) vocatus est Rotulus Wintoniæ, et ab Anglicis +pro sua generalitate, omnia tenementa totius terræ integre continente +_Domesday_ cognominatur." And the he proceeds, "Talem rotulum et +multum similem; ediderat quondam Rex Alfredus, in quo totam terram +Angliæ per comitatus, centurias, et decurias descripserat, sicut +prænotatur. Qui quidem Rotulus Wintoniæ vocatus est, quia deponebatur +apud Wintoniam conservandus," &c. + +Here is nothing said of this work being called [Old English: dom bec]: +neither does Spelman, in his enumeration of the works of Alfred, +give the least intimation that any one of his collections of laws was +called [Old English: dom bec]. + +We know, indeed, that Alfred compiled a code of laws for his subjects; +but whether any part of them has been preserved, or how much of them +is embodied in subsequent codes, cannot now be determined. Asser +mentions that he frequently reprimanded the judges for wrong +judgments; and Spelman, that he wrote "a book against unjust +magistrates," but any complete body of laws, if such was ever framed +by Alfred, is now lost; and that attributed to him in Wilkin's _Leges +Anglo-Saxon_, is held in suspicion by most writers. + +For these reasons, and considering that Sir William Blackstone's +knowledge of English history was rather superficial, I incline to the +belief, that the [Old English: dom bec] referred to in the laws of +Edward the Elder, was some collection of laws made _prior_ to the time +of Alfred: this might clearly be the case, as Sharon Turner informs +us that the Saxon laws were committed to writing as early as the +commencement of the 7th century. + +The opinions of your learned correspondents on this disputed point may +be of much interest to many of your readers, and to none more than to + +George Munford. + +East Winch. + + * * * * *{366} + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_MSS. of the Wycliffite Translations of the Scriptures_.--The Add. MS. +15,521., in the British Museum, contains a copy of Lewis's edition +of the _Wycliffite New Testament_, printed in 1731, with manuscript +notes by Ames and Lewis, and the former has transcribed into it some +_additional prologues_, prefixed to each book of the New Testament, +which had not been printed by Lewis, and were taken by Ames from a MS. +of the New Testament, written in 1424, and in 1731 in the possession +of Thomas Granger. It would be very desirable to learn what became of +this MS. subsequently. Granger died in the following year, but the +MS. does not appear in the sale catalogue of his library, nor is it +found in the catalogue of Ames's own library, dispersed in 1760. Any +information relative to this remarkable copy of the New Testament, +would be very acceptable to the Editors of the _Wycliffite Versions +of the Scriptures_, who are now, after a literary labour of more than +twenty years, about to bring the work to a conclusion. They would +also feel much obliged by the communication of any notices of MSS. of +the Wycliffite versions, _existing in private hands_, exclusive of +those copies of which they already possess descriptions, existing in +the libraries of the following individuals:--Mrs. Allanson of Farn, +Flintshire, the Earl of Ashburnham, Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart., Sir +Peregrine Ackland, Bart., Sir David Dundas, H.M. Judge Advocate, Dr. +Cardwell, Principal of St. Alban's Hall, Oxford, and Thomas Bannister, +Esq. + +F. Madden. + +British Museum, March 28. + + +_Why are Gloves not worn before Royalty?_--Can any of your readers +inform me what is the origin of the custom observed at Court, of +persons in the royal presence not wearing gloves? Is it a matter of +pure etiquette, or does the observance of it derive its origins from +barbarous times, when chivalry was little else than barbarism in +armour? + +F.E. + + +_Law Courts at St. Albans_.--Can any of your correspondents give +me the reference to a communication in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ +(between, I think, the years 1815 and 1836), in which a passage +in Massinger, which alludes to lawyers going to St. Albans, is +illustrated by an inscription in the nave of St. Alban's Abbey Church, +which records that the courts were held there on account of the +sweating-sickness in the reign of Elizabeth? + +[Greek: Sigma.] + + +_Richard Haley, or Hales.--Milton Pedigree_.--I should feel obliged +by any particulars respecting Richard Haley, or Hales, of Idlestreete, +otherwise Ilstreyd, in com. Hertford, yeoman; my object being to +ascertain the nature of some transaction he had with Milton, in July +1674, referred to in a bond which the former executed, dated the +27th of that month, for performance of the covenants contained in an +indenture of even date. + +Is any thing known of Richard Milton, who signs his name as the +attesting witness to the releases given by two of the poet's daughters +for their share of his estate? Is there any pedigree of the family of +Sir Christopher Milton, the poet's brother, drawn up with sufficient +apparent accuracy to exclude the probability of Richard Milton being +his son? I have referred to the pedigree in the British Museum (Harl. +MS. 5802. fo. 19b.), which makes no mention of the letter; but it is +evidently so imperfect a notice, as to be of little authority one way +or other. + +J.F.M. + + +_Sapcote Motto_.--Over the old gatehouse of Elton, co. Hunts., built +by the family of Sapcote, is their coat of arms, namely, "three +dove-cotes;" and upon a scroll, surrounding the lower part of the +shield, is carved a motto, evidently French, and as evidently cut by +a person ignorant of that language. So far as I can decypher it, the +letters appear to be + + sco toot X vinic [or umic] + X poncs. + +Possibly the first and last letters _s_ are only flourishes. I shall +be glad of any suggestion as to its meaning. + +I have not been able to find the Sapcote motto on record; and I +believe the Carysfoot family, the possessors of Elton, and the Duke +of Bedford, the heir in blood, to be ignorant of what this scroll is +intended to represent. + +Erminois. + +Athenæum Club. + + +_Scala Coeli_.--In a will, dated 12 Hen. VIII., the testator directs +that there shall be four trentals of Saint Gregory said for his soul +at London at "Scala Coeli." Can any of your readers explain what place +is meant by "Scala Coeli?" + +A Subscriber. + + +_Illustrations of Gresset's "Vert Vert," painted on Enamel, &c._--In +a Paris edition of Gresset's Works (Janet et Cotelle, 1823), in the +preface is the following passage.-- + + "Vert-vert fut bientôt dans toutes les mains. Le suffrage de + la multitude se joignit à celui des connoisseurs; la mode, qui + est aussi en possession de donner son suffrage, s'empressa de + parer les ajustemens d'invention récente, du nom de l'illustre + perroquet; _les vases d'ornement, les vases usuels_ qui + sortoient des fabriques françoises, retraçoient presque tous + quelques épisodes du petit poëme. Un artist dont le nom est + venu jusqu'à nous, Raux, en _peignit sur émail les sujets + les plus marquants_; et tandis qu'on faisoit passer dans une + version latine les vers élégants du poëte jésuite, M. Bertin, + ministre d'état, le gratifioit d'un magnifique _cabaret_ de + Sèvres, dont toutes les pièces reproduisoient les aventures + de son héros, ce qui fit dire à Gresset, _qu'on le traduisoit + aussi en porcelaine de Sèvres_." {367} + +The _Query_ I wish to make is, Have any of these illustrations or +designs from Gresset's poem of Vert-vert, painted on enamel china, or +earthenware of any sort, of French or any other manufacture, come to +light of late years? or more lately still, among the articles that +have been dispersed among various buyers of almost all nations, in the +sales within these few weeks effected at Paris? + +Robert Snow. + + +_Urbanus Regius_.--A friend of mine, a delightful old lady, fresh, +genial, and inquisitive, has in her possession an old volume, a family +heir-loom, which is not the less dear to her for being somewhat dingy +and dilapidated, and touching which she would gladly receive such +information as your correspondents can supply. + +It is made up of three apparently distinct treatises; the first +(of which several leaves are wanting) on the twelve articles of the +Apostles' Creed. The second is "The ryght foundation, and pryncypall +common places of the hole godly Scripture," &c., by Doctor Urbanus +Regius. Prefixed is an epistle to Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury +(evidently Cranmer), to whom "Hys dayly oratoure, Gwalter Lynne (the +writer of the epistle), wyssheth lyfe euerlastynge." Between this +second treatise and the third, and apparently belonging to the latter, +is a title-page with the following inscription: + + "Imprinted for Gwalter Lynne, dwelling upon Somers Kaye, by + Byllinges gate. In the yeare of oure Lorde. MDXLVIII. And they + by [_sic_] to be solde at Poules church yarde at the north + doore, In the signe of the By-bell, By Richard Jugge." + +This last treatise is in smaller type than the others, and has no +general designation: it contains chapters on various subjects, e.g. +"The Signification of Baptism," &c. + +Query 1. Is this volume well known? 2. Who were Urbanus Regius and +Walter Lynne? + +G.P. + +March 16. 1850. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + +THE ARABIC NUMERALS AND CIPHER. + +I might, with a little more consideration, have referred "E.V." to +several other authorities which he will do well to consult. + +9. Wallis's _Algebra_, p. 9. and p. 153. of the additions. + +10. _Phil. Trans._, Nos. 439. and 475. + +11. Montucla, _Histoire des Mathématiques_, tom. i. chap. 2. + +12. Baillie, _Histoire de l'Astronomie_. + +13. Delambre[1], _Hist. de l'Astr. du moyen age_. + +14. Hutton's _Tracts_ (8vo. ed. 1812.), vol. ii. (subject "History of +Algebra") + +15. Huet, _Demonstratio Evangelica_. + +16. Dr. John Taylor's Translation of the _Lilawati_. (Bombay, 1816.) + +17. Strachey's Translation of the _Bija Ganita_[2]. + +18. Colebrooke's _Algebra of the Hindus_. + +Would it not be worth while to give a _facsimile_ of the "Tabel for +all manere of merchauntes," in the "Notes and Queries"? It is not only +a curiosity, but an important element (and unique as far as is known) +in the philosophic history of our arithmetic. It was, no doubt, an +actual instrument in constant use in the merchant's office, as much so +as an almanac, interest-tables, a "cambist" and a copying-press, are +now. + +As regards the cipher, the difficulty only commenced with _writing +numbers_ in the new symbology. With persons accustomed to the use +of this instrument, there is no doubt that the mode of obviating the +difficulty of "keeping the place," would suggest itself at once. In +this instrument an empty hole (without its peg) _signified_ "none of +this denomination." What then more simple than to make the outline +of the empty hole which occupied the "local position" of any +denomination, when none of that precise denomination occurred in the +number itself? Under this view the process at least becomes simple +and natural; and as the early merchants contributed so largely to the +improvement of our arithmetical processes, such a conclusion is wholly +divested of improbability on any other ground. The circle would then +naturally become, as it certainly has practically become, the most +appropriate symbol of _nothingness_. + +As regards the term _cipher_ or _zero_ (which are so obviously the +same as to need no remark), it is admitted on all hands to be derived +from one or other of the Semitic languages, the Hebrew or the Arabic. +It is customery with the mathematical historians to refer it to the +Arabic, they being in general more conversant with it than with the +Hebrew. The Arabic being a smaller hand than the Hebrew, a dot was +used instead of the circle for marking the "place" at which the hiatus +of any "denomination" occurred. If we obtained our cipher from this, +it would be made hollow (a mere _ceinture_, girdle, or ring) to +save the trouble of making a dot sufficiently large to correspond in +magnitude with our other numerals as we write them. Either is alike +possible--probability must be sought, for either over the other, from +a slightly different source. + +The root-words in Hebrew and in Arabic are precisely the same +(_ts-ph-r_), though in the two {368} languages, and at different ages +of the same language, they might have been vowelised differently. +In some shape or other, this name is used in all countries that have +derived their arithmetic from mediæval Italy, or from the Saracens. It +is with some _cipher_, with others _chiffre_, and with all _zero_. The +word is certainly no more Italian than it is French or English. Be it +remembered, too, that _ezor_ (quoted at p. 268.), as a _girdle_, is +radically the same word, somewhat mutilated. The cardinal meaning of +the word (denuded of the conventional accretions of signification, +which peculiar applications of it adds to the cardinal meaning) +appears to be _emptiness_, _hollowness_, _nothingness_. It may be +further remarked, that in the fine Chartres MS. of Boetius, described +by Chasles, the 0 is called _sipos_:--the same name, he remarks, +that Graves found in use in the East. The modern Turks call the 0, +_tsifra_. + +It is curious enough that in all languages, the term _ciphering_ is +popularly used to denote all arithmetical operations whatever. +Our schoolboys do their "ciphering," and write carefully in their +"ciphering-books." This all seems to point to the art of dispensing +with the use of the abacus or counting table. + +T.S.D. + +Shooter's Hill, March 5. + +[1] The best account, because the most consistent and +intelligible, of the Greek arithmetic, is that by Delambre, affixed to +Peyraud's edition of Archimedes. + +[2] At a period of leisure I may be tempted to send you a few +extracts, somewhat curious, from some of the papers of Mr. Strachey in +my possession. + + +_Arabic Numerals_.--I had replied to "E.V." (No. 15. p. 230.), when +I saw by your "Notice to Correspondents," that the question was +answered. I therefore waited the publication of the replies, which I +find do not embrace any one of the points to which I would call the +attention of "E.V."--Diophantus of Alexandria, who flourished about +150 years after Christ, and who wrote thirteen books of algebra or +arithmetic in the Greek language, is generally supposed to be the +oldest writer on the subject that has come down to our time; but it +was not from him that we received the knowledge of algebra in Europe. +It appears certain that the first knowledge of this science in +England was from Italy or Spain, after the Moors settled in the latter +country; and the Arabians and Persians appear to have derived their +arithmetical method of computing by ten characters from the Indians: +who, in their turn, have most probably borrowed from the Chinese, and +improved on their method by the adoption of a zero, which was one of +the most important improvements effected by the Hindoos. In China, +the words ancient and modern are almost synonymous; their usages +and customs being so unchangeable, as appears by their instrument +of computation, the _swanpan_, which is still used in all their +calculations. The Oriental scholar will find much curious and +interesting information connected with this subject in the Sanscrit +_Vija Ganita_ and _Lilivati_ of Bhaskara Acharya: the former +was translated into Persian at Agra, or Delhi, in 1634, and the +latter by Fyzee in 1587; but there are also English translations, +all of which are in the library of the Royal Asiatic Society. The +_Khalasah-ul-Hisah_ is another work of repute in India. Mr. Strachey +wrote and printed in India, for the _Asiatic Researches_, a valuable +paper, which contains most conclusive evidence of the Indian (if not +Chinese) origin of our numerals. See also _Astronomie Indienne_, +of M. Bailly; 2d vol. _Asiatic Researches_, "On the Astronomical +Computations of the Hindoos," by Saml. Davis; "Two Dissertations on +Indian Astronomy and Trigonometry," by Professor Playfair, in the 2d +and 4th vols. of the _Edinburgh Philosophical Transactions_. And many +others might be referred to; but all tending to prove that our numbers +came originally from China and India, through Persia, Arabia, Africa, +Spain, and Italy, by gradual and successive changes in form, several +of them still retaining a close resemblance to the ancient and modern +Sanscrit, Chinese, Arabic, Persian, and Hindoo numerals. + +Henry Wilkinson. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +I send you a few Notes on Queries scattered through some of the later +numbers of your very valuable publication: + +_Anonymous Ravennas_.--In the library of the Royal Geographical +Society, I believe there is a copy of an 8vo. edition of that +cosmography. + +_Selago_.--This plant, I should think it probable, is the _Lycopodium +clavatum_ of modern botanists; the seeds of which, when ripe, and when +the plant is struck, rise like smoke ("fumum" of Pliny), and may have +been supposed, from their remarkable inflammability when dashed into +a flame, igniting with a sudden flash, to have possessed wonderful +virtues. The species known as _Lycopodium selago_ is rare in +comparison to the other. + +_Portugal_.--In the library of the Geographical Society are some of +the more recent works published in Lisbon on the topography of that +country, but they are generally very meagre and unsatisfactory. In a +periodical published in Lisbon in numbers, on the plan of the _Penny +Magazine_, there is a good deal of information, with engravings, +regarding many places of interest in Portugal. I think it is called +_The Album_, but I am sorry I have not at present the power of sending +you more correct particulars concerning it. It is in 4to. + +Portugal is a country that is so little travelled in either by natives +or foreigners, that information regarding places in the interior +is not easily obtained; and facilities for travelling, as well as +accommodation for travellers, is of a very limited description. + +_Sir Roger de Coverley_.--In one of your early numbers was a query on +this subject, which I do not think has been yet answered. I have a MS. +{369} account of the family of Calverley, of Calverley, in Yorkshire, +an autograph of Ralph Thoresby in the year 1717, in which occurs the +following passage:-- + + "_Roger_, so named from the Archbishop" (of York), "was + a person of renowned hospitality, since, at this day, the + obsolete known tune of _Roger a Calverley_ is referred to + him, who, according to the custom of those times, kept his + _minstrells_, from that their office named _harpers_, which + became a family and possessed lands till late years in and + about _Calverley_, called to this day _Harpersroids_ and + _Harper's Spring_.... He was a knight, and lived in the time + of K. Richard 1st. His seal, appended to one of his charters, + is large, with a chevalier on horseback." + +W. CALVERLEY TREVELYAN. + + * * * * * + +DERIVATIONS OF "NEWS." + +It is not declared with what motive "Mr. GUTCH" (No. 17. p. 270.) has +laid before the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" the alleged derivation +of N.E.W.S. + +It must therefore be supposed, that his object was to have its +justness and probability commented upon; and it is quite time that +they should be so, since the derivation in question has of late become +quite a favourite authoritative dictum with etymology compilers. +Thus it may be found, in the very words and form adopted by your +correspondent, in Haydn's _Dictionary of Dates_, and in other +authorities of equal weight. + +This sort of initial-letter derivation was probably brought into +fashion in England by the alleged origin of "Cabal," or, perhaps, by +the many guesses at the much disputed word "Æra." I shall take the +liberty of quoting a few sentences with reference to such etymologies, +_as a class_, which I find in an unpublished manuscript upon a kindred +subject. + + "Besides, such a splitting up of a word of significant and + perfect meaning in itself is always a bad and suspicious mode + of derivation. + + "It is generally an after-thought, suggested by some + fortuitous or fancied coincidence, that appropriateness of + which is by no means a sufficient proof of probability. + + "Of this there can scarcely be a better example than the + English word 'news,' which, notwithstanding the felicity of + its supposed derivation from the four cardinal points, must, + nevertheless, so long as the corresponding words 'nova,' + 'nouvelles,' &c. exist, be consigned to its more sober and + common-place origin in the adjective '_new_.'" + +To this it must be added that the ancient orthography of the word +_newes_, completely upsets the derivation Mr. Gutch has brought before +your readers. Hone quotes from "one Burton, printed in 1614: 'if any +one read now-a-days, it is a play-book, or _a pamphlet_ of _newes_." + +I had been in two minds whether or not to send this communication, +when the scale is completely turned by the apropos occurrence of a +corroboration of this latter objection in "NOTES AND QUERIES" of this +day. Mr. Rimbault mentions (at p. 277.), "a rare black letter volume +entitled _Newes from Scotland_, 1591." + +Here is one more proof of the usefulness of your publication, that I +am thus enabled to strengthen the illustration of a totally different +subject by the incidental authority of a fellow correspondent. + +A.E.B. + +Leeds, March, 1850. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Swot_ is, as the querist supposes, a military cant term, and +a sufficiently vulgar one too. It originated at the great +slang-manufactory for the army, the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. +You may depend upon the following account of it, which I had many +years ago from the late Thomas Leybourne, F.R.S., Senior Professor of +Mathematics in that college. + +One of the Professors, Dr. William Wallace, in addition to his being a +Scotchman, had a bald head, and an exceedingly "broad Scotch" accent, +besides a not very delicate discrimination in the choice of his +English terms relating to social life. It happened on one hot summer's +day, nearly half a century ago, that he had been teaching a class, +and had worked himself into a considerable effusion from the skin. He +took out his handkerchief, rubbed his head and forehead violently, and +exclaimed in his Perthshire dialect,--"_It maks one swot_." This was +a God-send to the "gentlemen cadets," wishing to achieve a notoriety +as wits and slangsters; and mathematics generally ever after became +_swot_, and mathematicians _swots_. I have often heard it said:--"I +never could do _swot_ well, Sir;" and "these dull fellows, the +_swots_, can talk of nothing but triangles and equations." + +I should have thought that the _sheer disgustingness_ of the +idea would have shut the word out of the vocabularies of English +_gentlemen_. It remains nevertheless a standard term in the vocabulary +of an English soldier. It is well, at all events, that future ages +should know its etymology. + +T.S.D. + + +_Pokership_, (_antè_, pp. 185. 218. 269. 282. 323, 324.)--I am sorry +to see that no progress has yet been made towards a satisfactory +explanation of this office. I was in hopes that something better than +mere conjecture would have been supplied from the peculiar facilities +of "T.R.F." "W.H.C." (p. 323.) has done little more than refer to the +same instruments as had been already adverted to by me in p. 269., +with the new reading {370} of _poulterer_ for poker! With repect to +"T.R.F.'s" conjecture, I should be more ready to accept it if he +could produce a single example of the word _pawker_, in the sense of +a hog-warden. The quotation from the Pipe-roll of John is founded on +a mistake. The entry occurs in other previous rolls, and is there +clearly explained to refer to the _porter of Hereford Castle_. Thus, +in Pipe 2 Hen. II. and 3 Hen. II. we have, under Hereford, + + "In liberatione portarii castelli ... 30s. 5d." + +In Pipe 1 Ric. I. we have, + + "In liberatione constitutâ portarii de Hereford, 30s. 5d." + +Again, in Pipe 3 Joh. + + "In liberatione constitutâ portario de Hereford, 30s. 5d." + +A similar entry is to be found in other rolls, as well printed as +inedited. I could indulge some other criticisms on the communication +of your correspondent in Spring Gardens, but I prefer encouraging +him to make further inquiries, and to produce from the records in +his custody some more satisfactory solution of the difficulty. In the +meantime, let me refer to a Survey of Wrigmore Castle in the Lansdowne +Collection, No. 40. fo. 82. The surveyor there reports, that the +paling, rails, &c. of the park are much decayed in many and sundry +places, and he estimates the repairs, with allowance of timber from +the wood there, "by good surveye and oversight of the _poker_ and +other officers of the said parke," at 4l. The date of the survey is 13 +May, 1584. + +Comparing this notice of the office with the receiver's accounts +tempore Hen. VII. and Hen. VIII. (_antè_, p. 269.), in which the +officer is called "pocarius omnium boscorum," I cannot doubt that his +duty, or at least one of his duties, was that of woodward, and that, +as such, he assigned timber for repair of the premises. How he came by +his local title and style of poker is a mystery on which we have all +hitherto failed to throw any light. + +E.S. + + +_Vox Populi Vox Dei_,--about the origin of which saying "QUÆSITOR" +asks (No. 21. p. 321.),--were the words chosen by the Archbishop of +Canterbury, Simon Mepham, as his text for the sermon which he preached +when Edward III. was called to the throne, from which the nation had +pulled down his father, Edward II. This we learn from Walsingham, who +says: + + "Archiepiscopus verò Cantuariæ præsenti consensit electioni, + ut omnes prælati et archiepiscopus quidem assumpto themate, + _Vox populi Vox Dei_, sermonem fecit populo, exhortans + omnes ut apud regem regum intercederent pro electo."--Tho. + Walsingham, _Hist. Angl._ ed. Camden, p. 126. + +DANIEL ROCK. + + +_A living Dog better than a dead Lion_.--I no not know whether your +correspondent (No. 22. p. 352.) ever goes to church; but if he is not +prevented by rain next St. Swithin's day, he will learn who was the +author of this proverb. It will be a good thing, if your work should +sometimes lead your readers to search the Scriptures, and give them +credit for wisdom that has flowed from them so long, and far, and +wide, that its source is forgotten; but this is not the place for a +sermon, and I now only add, "here endeth the first lesson" from + +ECCLESIASTES. + + ["J.E.," "D.D.," and other correspondents, have also replied + to this Query by references to Eccl. ix. 4.] + + +_Curious Monumental Brass_ (No. 16. p. 247.)--If "RAHERE" will turn to +Mr. Boutell's _Monumental Brasses and Slabs_, p. 148., he will there +find a description as well as an engraving of what, from his account, +I doubt not he will discover to be the identical fragment to which he +refers. A foot legend, and what remains of a border inscription, is +added to it. In the above work, pp. 147 to 155, and in the Oxford +Architectural Society's _Manual for the Study of Brasses_, p. 15., +"RAHERE" will find an account and references to numerous examples of +palimpsest brasses, to which class the one in question belongs. + +I presume that "RAHERE" is a young brass-rubber, or the fact of a +plate being engraved on both sides would have presented no difficulty +to him. + +ARUN. + + [We have received several other replies to this Query, + referring to Mr. Boutell's _Monumental Brasses_: one from + "W."; another from "A CORNISHMAN," who says,-- + + "The brass in question, when I saw it last, had been + removed from the Rectory and placed in the tomb of Abbot + Wheathampstead, in company with the famous one of Thomas + Delamere, another Abbot of St. Albans." + + Another from "E.V.," who states,-- + + "Other examples are found at St. Margaret's, Rochester (where + the cause of the second engraving is found to be an error in + costume in the first), St. Martins at Plain, Norwich, Hedgerly + Church, Bucks, and Burwell Church, Cambridgeshire. Of this + last, an engraving and description, by Mr. A.W. Franks, + is given in the fourteenth part of the Publications of the + Cambridge Antiquarian Society." + + One from "WILLIAM SPARROW SIMPSON," who says,-- + + "It is also described in the Oxford Architectural Society's + _Manual of Mon. Brasses_, No. 6. pp. 6, 7. other examples of + which occur at Rochester, Kent, and at Cobham, Surrey. A small + plate of brass, in the possession of a friend, has on one side + a group of children, and on the reverse the uplifted hands of + an earlier figure." + + And lastly, one from "A.P.H." (to which we cannot do ample + justice, as we do not keep an engraver), from which we extract + the following passages:-- + + "A friend of mine has a shield in his possession, taken from + a slab, and which has been enamelled. It is of late date + and rudely executed. On the back is {371} seen the hands and + breast of a small female figure, very nearly a century earlier + in date. I can also remember an inscription in Cuxton Church, + Kent, which was loose, and had another inscription on the back + in the same manner. + + "I am very much impressed with the idea that the destroyed + brasses never had been used at all; but had been engraved, + and then, from circumstances that of course we cannot hope to + fathom, thrown on one side till the metal might be used for + some other purpose. This, I think, is a more probable, as well + as a more charitable explanation than the one usually given of + the so-called palimpsest brasses."] + + +_Chapels_ (No. 20. p. 333.).--As to the origin of the name, will you +allow me to refer Mr. Gatty to Ducange's _Glossary_, where he will +find much that is to his purpose. + +As to its being "a legal description," I will not undertake to +give an opinion without a fee; but I will mention a fact which may +assist him in forming one. I believe that fifty years ago the word +_Chapel_ was very seldom used among those who formed what was termed +the "Dissenting Interest;" that is, the three "denominations" of +Independents, Baptists, and Presbyterians. But I well recollect +hearing, from good authority, nearly, or quite, forty years ago, that +an eminent barrister (whom I might now describe as a late learned +judge), who was much looked up to by the dissenters as one of their +body, had particularly advised that in all trust-deeds relating to +places of dissenting worship, they should be called "Chapels." I do +not know that he assigned any reason, but I know that the opinion was +given, or communicated, to those who had influence; and, from my own +observation, I believe that from about that time we must date the +adoption of the term, which has now been long in general use. + +I do not imagine that there was any idea of either assistance +or opposition to the Church of England, in the mind of him who +recommended, or those who adopted, the alteration, or that either +of them expected or sought any thing by this measure but to obtain +a greater security for property, or, rather, to avoid some real +or imagined insecurity, found or supposed to attach to the form of +description previously in use. + +A BARRISTER. + + +_Forlot, Forthlot_ (No. 20. p. 320.).--A measure of grain used +throughout Scotland at present--query _fourthlot_. See Jamieson's +_Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language_. + + "_Firlot; Fyrlot; Furlet_.--A corn measure in S., the fourth + part of a boll. + + "Thay ordainit the boll to mat victual with, to be devidit + in foure partis, _videlicet_, foure _fyrlottis_ to contene + a boll; and that _fyrlot_ not to be maid efter the first + mesoure, na efter the mesoure now usit, bot in middill mesoure + betwixt the twa."--_Acts Jac._ l. 1526. c. 80. edit. 1566. + + "--Ane furme, ane furlet, + Ane pott, ane pek." + + Bannatyne _Poems_, p. 159. + +Skinner derives it from A.-S. _feower_, quatuor; and _lot_, _hlot_, +portio (the fourth part); Teut. "_viertel_." + +J.S. + + +_Loscop_ (No. 20. p. 319).--To be "Louecope-free" is one of the +immunities granted to the Cinque Ports in their charters of Liberties. + +Jeakes explains the term thus:-- + + "The Saxon word Cope (in Low Dutch still Kope or Koope), for + trade or merchandising, makes this as much as to trade freely + for love. So that by no kind of monopoly patent, or company or + society of traders or merchants, the portsmen be hindered from + merchandising; but freely and for love, be permitted to trade + and traffick, even by such company of merchants, whenever it + shall happen their concerns lie together." + +In my MSS., and in the print of Jeakes, it is "Louecope," with which +"Lofcope" may be readily identified; and _f_ may easily be misread for +_s_, especially if the roll be obscured. + +If Jeakes's etymology of the word be correct, the inference would +rather be that "Lovecope" was a tax for the goodwill of the port +at which a merchant vessel might arrive; a "port duty" in fact, +independent of "lastage" &c., chargeable upon every trader that +entered the port, whatever her cargo might be. And the immunities +granted to the portsmen were that they should be "port duty free." + +I do not venture to offer this as any thing more than a mere guess. +Among your contributors there are many more learned than myself in +this branch of antiquarian lore, who will probably be able to give +a more correct interpretation, and we shall feel obliged for any +assistance that they can give us in elucidating the question. + +"Lovecope" might perhaps be the designation of the association of +merchants itself, to which Jeakes alludes; and the liberty of forming +such association, with powers of imposing port duties, may have been +dependent on special grant to any port by royal charter, such as that +which forms the subject of your correspondent's communication. + +After all, perhaps, "Lovecope" was the word for an association of +merchants; and "Louecope-free" is to be freed from privileged taxation +by this body. + +L.B.L. + + +_Smelling of the Lamp_ (No. 21. p. 335.).--"X." will find the +expression [Greek: Illuchnion ozein] attributed to Pytheas by Plutarch +(_Vit. Demosth._, c. 8.). + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + + +_Anglo-Saxon MS. of Orosius_ (No. 20. p. 313.).--It may gratify Mr. +Singer to be informed that the Lauderdale MS., formerly in the library +at Ham House, is now preserved, with several other {372} valuable +manuscripts and books, in the library at Helmingham Hall, Suffolk, the +seat of the Tollemache family. + +M. + + +_Golden Frog_.--Ingenious as is the suggestion of "R.R." (No. 18. p. +282.), that Sir John Poley stuck a golden frog in his ear from his +affection for _tadpoles_, I think "R.R.'s" "Rowley Poley" may be +dismissed with the "_gammon_ and spinach" of the amorous frog to which +he alludes. + +Conceiving that the origin of so singular a badge could hardly fail to +be commemorated by some tradition in the family, I have made inquiry +of one of Sir John Poley's descendants, and I regret to hear from him +that "they have no authentic tradition respecting it, but that they +have always believed that it had some connection with the service Sir +John rendered in the Low Countries, where he distinguished himself +much by his military achievements." To the Low Countries, then, the +land of frogs, we must turn for the solution of the enigma. + +Gastras. + +Cambridge, March 9. + + +_Sword of Charles I._--Mr. Planché inquires (No. 12. p. 183.), "When +did the real sword of Charles the First's time, which, but a few years +back, hung at the side of that monarch's equestrian figure at Charing +Cross, disappear?"--It disappeared about the time of the coronation +of Her present Majesty, when some scaffolding was erected about the +statue, which afforded great facilities for removing the rapier (for +such it was); and I always understood it found its way, by some means +or other, to the Museum, so called, of the notoriously frolicsome +Captain D----, where, in company with the wand of the Great Wizard of +the North, and other well-known articles, it was carefully labelled +and numbered, and a little account appended of the circumstances of +its acquisition and removal. + +John Street. + + [Surely then Burke was right, and the "Age of Chivalry is + past!"--Otherwise the idea of _disarming a statue_ would never + have entered the head of any Man of Arms, even in his most + frolicsome of moods.] + + +_John Bull_.--_Vertue MSS._--I always fancied that the familiar name +for our countrymen, about the origin of which "R.F.H." inquires (No. +21. p. 336.), was adopted from Swift's _History of John Bull_, first +printed in 1712; but I have no authority for saying so. + +If the Vertue MSS. alluded to (No. 20. p. 319.) were ever returned by +Mr. Steevens to Dr. Rawlinson, they may be in the Bodleian Library, to +which the Doctor left all his collections, including a large mass of +papers purchased by him long after Pepys' death, as he described it, +"Thus et odores vendentibus." + +These "_Pepys_ papers," as far as I can recollect, were very +voluminous, and relating to all sorts of subjects; but I saw them in +1824, and had only then time to examine and extract for publication +portions of the correspondence. + +Braybrooke. + +Audley End, March 25. + + +_Vertue's Manuscripts_.--The MS. quoted under this title by Malone +is printed entire, or rather all of it which refers to plays, by Mr. +Peter Cunningham, in the _Papers of the Shakspeare Society_, vol. ii. +p. 123., from an interleaved copy of Langbaine. Since the publication +of that paper, the entries relating to Shakspeare's plays have been +given from the original MS. in the Bodleian Library, in Halliwell's +_Life of Shakspeare_, p. 272. + +S.L. + + +_Vertue's MSS_. (No. 20. p. 319.) were in Horace Walpole's possession, +bought by him, I think, of Vertue's widow; and his _Anecdotes of +Painting_ were chiefly composed from them, as he states, with great +modesty, in his dedication and his preface. I do not see in the +Strawberry-Hill Catalogue any notice of "Vertue's MSS.," though some +vols. of his collection of engravings were sold. + +C. + + +_Lines attributed to Tom Brown_.--In a book entitled _Liber +Facetiarum, being a Collection of curious and interesting Anecdotes_, +published at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, by D. Akenhead & Sons, 1809, the +passage attributed to Tom Brown by your correspondent "J.T." is given +to Zacharias Boyd. + +The only reference given as authority for the account is the initials +H.B. + + "Zacharias Boyd, whose bust is to be seen over the entrance + to the Royal College in Glasgow, while Professor in that + university, translated the Old and New Testament into Scotch + Metre; and, from a laudable zeal to disseminate religious + knowledge among the lower classes of the community, is said to + have left a very considerable sum to defray the expense of the + said work, which, however, his executors never printed." + +After a few specimens, the account goes on + + "But the highest flight of his Muse appears in the following + _beautiful Alexandrine_: + + "And was not Pharaoh a saucy rascal? + That would not let the children of Israel, their wives + And their little ones, their flocks and their herds, go + Out into the wilderness forty days + To eat the Pascal. + + "H.B." + +Speaking of Zachariah Boyd, Granger says, (vol. ii. p. 379.): + + "His translation of the Scripture in such uncouth verse as to + amount to burlesque, has been often quoted, and the just fame + of a benefactor to learning has been obscured by that cloud + of miserable rhymes. Candour will smile at the foible, but + applaud the man. + + "Macure, in his account of Glasgow, p. 223., informs us he + lived in the reign of Charles I." + +H.I. + +Sheffield, March 9. 1850. {373} + + +_Passage in Frith's Works_ (No. 20. p. 319).--This passage should be +read, as I suppose, "Ab inferiori ad suum superius confuse distribui." + +It means that there would be confusion, if what is said distributively +or universally of the lower, should be applied distributively or +universally to the higher; or, in other words, if what is said +universally of a species, should be applied universally to the genus +that contains that and other species: e.g., properties that are +universally found in the human species will not be found universally +in the genus Mammalis, and universal properties of Mammalia wil not be +universal over the animal kingdom. + +T.J. + + +_Martins, the Louvain Printer_.--Your correspondent "W." (No. +12. p. 185.) is informed, that in Falkenstein's _Geschichte der +Buchdrucherkunst_ (Leipzig, 1840, p. 257.), Theoderich Martens, +printer in Louvain and Antwerp, is twice mentioned. I have no doubt +but this is the correct German form of the name. Mertens, by which he +was also known, may very possibly be the Flemish form. His Christian +name was also written Dierik, a short form of Dietrich, which, in its +turn, is the same as Theodorich. + +NORTHMAN. + + +_Master of the Revels_.--"DR. RIMBAULT" states (No. 14. p. 219.), that +Solomon Dayrolle was appointed Master of the Revels in 1744, but does +not know the date of his decease. It may be unknown to Dr. Rimbault, +that Solomon Dayrolle_s_ was an intimate friend and correspondent of +the great Lord Chesterfield: the correspondence continues from 1748 +to 1755 in the selection of Chesterfield's letters to which I am +referring. + +Dayrolles, during all that period, held a diplomatic appointment from +this country at the Hague. See Lord Chesterfield's letter to him of +the 22d Feb. 1748, where Lord C. suggests that by being cautious he +(Dayrolles) may be put _en train d'être Monsieur l'Envoye_. + +In several of the letters Chesterfield warmly and familiarly commends +his hopeful son, Mr. Stanhope, to the care and attention of Dayrolles. + +I have not been able to ascertain when Dayrolles died, but the above +may lead to the discovery. + +W.H. LAMMIN. + + +_French Maxim_.--The French saying quoted by "R.V." is the 223rd +of _Les Réflexions morales du Duc de la Rochefoucauld_ (Pougin, +Paris, 1839). I feel great pleasure in being able to answer your +correspondent's query, as I hope that my reply may be the means of +introducing to his notice one of the most delightful authors that has +ever yet written: one who deserves far more attention than he appears +to receive from general readers in this degenerate age, and from whom +many of his literary successors have borrowed some of their brightest +thoughts. I need not go far for an illustration: + + "Praise undeserved, is scandal in disguise," + +is merely a condensation of, + + "Louer les princes des vertus qu'ils n'ont pas, c'est leur + dire impunément des injures."--La Rochefoucauld, Max. 327. + +I believe that Pope marks it as a _translation--a borrowed +thought--not as a quotation_. He has just before used the words "your +Majesty;" and I think the word "_scandal_" is employed "_consulto_," +and alludes to the offence known in English law as "scandalum +magnatum." Your correspondent will, of course, read the work in the +original; in fact, he _must_ do so _per force_. A good translation +of _Les Maximes_ is still a desideratum in English literature. I +have not yet seen one that could lay claim even to the meagre title +of mediocrity; although I have spared neither time nor pains in the +search. Should any of your readers have been more fortunate, I shall +feel obliged by their referring me to it. + +MELANION. + + +_Endeavour_.--I have just found the following instance of "endeavour" +used as an active verb, in Dryden's translation of Maimbourg's +_History of the League_, 1684. + + "On the one side the majestique House of Bourbon,... and on + the other side, that of two eminent families which endeavour'd + their own advancement by its destruction; the one is already + debas'd to the lowest degree, and the other almost reduc'd to + nothing."--p. 3. + +C. FORBES. + +Temple. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANIES. + +_Epigram by La Monnoye_.--It has been ingeniously said, that "Life is +an epigram, of which death is the point." Alas for human nature! good +points are rare; and no wonder, according to this wicked, but witty, + + EPIGRAM BY LA MONNOYE. + + The world of fools has such a store, + That he who would not see an ass, + Must bide at home, and bolt his door, + And break his looking glass. + +S.W.S. + +Mickleham, Dec. 10. 1849. + + +_Spur Money_.--Two or three years since, a party of sappers and miners +was stationed at Peterborough, engaged in the trigonometrical survey, +when the officer entered the cathedral with his spurs on, and was +immediately beset by the choristers, who demanded money of him for +treading the sacred floor with armed heels. Does any one know the +origin of this singular custom? I inquired of some of the dignitaries +of the Cathedral, but they were not aware even of its existence. The +boys, however, have more tenacious memories, at least where their +interest is concerned; but we must not look to them for the origin of +a {374} custom which appears to have long existed. In the _Memorials +of John Ray_, published by the Ray Society, p. 131., there is the +following entry in his second Itinerary:-- + + "July the 26th, 1661, we began our journey northwards from + Cambridge, and that day, passing through Huntingdon and + Stilton, we rode as far as Peterborough twenty-five miles. + There I first heard the Cathedral service. The choristers made + us pay money for coming into the choir with our spurs on." + +East Winch. + + [The following note from _The Book of the Court_ will serve + to illustrate the curious custom referred to by our + correspondent: + + "In _The Privy Purse Expenses of King Henry VIII._ edited by + Sir Harris Nicolas, there occur several entries of payments + made to the choristers of Windsor 'in rewarde for the king's + spurs'; which the editor supposes to mean 'money paid to + redeem the king's spurs, which had become the fee of the + choristers at Windsor, perhaps at installations, or at the + annual celebration of St. George's feast.' No notice of the + subject occurs in Ashmole's or Anstis's _History of the Order + of the Garter_. Mr. Markland, quoting a note to Gifford's + edition of Ben Jonson, vol. ii. p. 49., says, 'In the time + of Ben Jonson, in consequence of the interruptions to Divine + Service occasioned by the ringing of the spurs worn by persons + walking and transacting business in cathedrals, and especially + in St. Paul's, a small fine was imposed on them, called + "spur-money," the exaction of which was committed to the + beadles and singing-boys.' This practice, and to which, + probably, the items in Henry's household-book bear reference, + still obtains, or, at least, did till very lately, in the + Chapel Royal and other choirs. Our informant himself claimed + the penalty, in Westminster Abbey, from Dr. Fisher, Bishop of + Rochester, and received from him an eighteenpenny bank token + as the fine. He likewise claimed the penalty from the King + of Hanover (then Duke of Cumberland), for entering the choir + of the Abbey in his spurs. But His Royal Highness, who had + been installed there, excused himself with great readiness, + pleading 'his right to wear his spurs in that church, inasmuch + as it was the place where they were first put on him!'--See + further, _European Mag._, vol. iii. p. 16."] + + * * * * * + +MINIMUM DE MALIS. + +(_FROM THE LATIN OF BUCHANAN._) + + Calenus owed a single pound, which yet + With all my dunning I could never get. + Tired of fair words, whose falsehood I foresaw, + I hied to Aulus, learned in the law. + He heard my story, bade me "Never fear, + There was no doubt--no case could be more clear:-- + He'd do the needful in the proper place, + And give his best attention to the case." + And this he may have done--for it appears + To have been his business for the last ten years, + Though on his pains ten times ten pounds bestow'd + Have not regain'd that one Calenus owed. + Now, fearful lest this unproductive strife + Consume at once my fortune and my life, + I take the only course I can pursue, + And shun my debtor and my lawyer too. + I've no more hope from promises or laws, + And heartily renounce both debt and cause-- + But if with either rogue I've more to do, + I'll surely choose my debtor of the two; + For though I credit not the lies he tells, + At least he _gives_ me what the other _sells_. + +Rufus. + + * * * * * + +_Epigram on Louis XIV._--I find the following epigram among some old +papers. The emperor would be Leopold I., the king Louis XIV. + +_Epigram by the Emperor, 1666, and the King of France._ + + Bella fugis, sequeris bellas, pugnæque repugnas, + Et bellatori sunt tibi bella tori. + Imbelles imbellis amas, totusque videris + Mars ad opus Veneris, Martis ad arma Venus. + +J.H.L. + + +_Macaulay's Young Levite._--I met, the other day with a rather curious +confirmation of a passage in Macaulay's _History of England_, which +has been more assailed perhaps than any other. + +In his character of the clergy, Macaulay says, they frequently +married domestics and retainers of great houses--a statement which has +grievously excited the wrath of Mr. Babington and other champions. +In a little book, once very popular, first published in 1628, with +the title _Microcosmographie, or a Piece of the World discovered_, +and which is known to have been written by John Earle, after the +Restoration Bishop of Worcester and then of Salisbury, is the +following passage. It occurs in what the author calls a character of +"a young raw preacher." + + "You shall know him by his narrow velvet cape and serge + facing, and his ruffe, next his hire, the shortest thing + about him.... His friends, and much painefulnesse, may + preferre him to thirtie pounds a yeere, and this meanes, to + a chamber-maide: with whom we leave him now in the bonds of + wedlocke. Next Sunday you shall have him againe." + +The same little book contains many very curious and valuable +illustrations of contemporary manners, especially in the universities. + +That the usage Macaulay refers to was not uncommon, we find from a +passage in the _Woman-Hater_, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1607), Act +III. Sc. 3. + +Lazarillo says, + + "Farewell ye courtly chaplains that be there! + All good attend you! May you never more + Marry your patron's lady's waiting-woman!" + +I.T. + +Trin. Coll. Camb., March 16. 1850. {375} + + +_St. Martin's Lane_.--The first building leases of St. Martin's Lane +and the adjacent courts accidentally came under my notice lately. +They are dated in 1635 and 1636, and were granted by the then Earl of +Bedford. + +Arun. + + * * * * * + +CHARLES DEERING, M.D. + +"Author of the Catalogue of Plants in the neighbourhood of Nottingham. +'Catalogus Stirpium, &c., or a Catalogue of Plants naturally growing +and commonly cultivated in divers parts of England, and especially +about Nottingham,' 8vo. Nottingh. 1738. + +"He was in the suite of the English ambassador to Russia, returned and +practised physic in London married unfortunately, buried his wife, +and then went to Nottingham, where he lived several years. During +his abode there he wrote a small _Treatise on the Small Pocks_, this +_Catalogue of Plants_, and the _History of Nottingham_, the materials +for which John Plumtre, Esq. of Nottingham, was so obliging as to +assist him with. He also was paid 40l. by a London bookseller for +adding 20,000 words to an English dictionary. He was master of seven +languages, and in 1746 he was favoured with a commission in the +Nottinghamshire Foot, raised at that time. Soon after died, and was +buried in St. Peter's Churchyard. + +"William Ayscough, father of the printer of this _Catalogus Stirpium_ +(G. Ayscough), in 1710, first introduced the art of printing at +Nottingham. + +"Mr. White was the same year the first printer at Newcastle-upon-Tyne; +and Mr. Dicey at Northampton."--_MS. Note in the Copy of the Cat. +Stirpium, in the Library of the British Museum_. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC. + +Our advertising columns already show some of the good results of the +_Exhibition of the Works of Ancient and Mediæval Art_. Mr. Williams +announced last week his _Historic Reliques_, to be etched by +himself. Mr. Cundall has issued proposals for _Choice Examples of Art +Workmanship_; and, lastly, we hear that an _Illustrated Catalogue +of the Exhibition_, prepared by Mr. Franks, the zealous Honorary +Secretary of the Committee, and so arranged as to form a _History of +Art_, may be expected. We mention these for the purpose of inviting +our friends to contribute to the several editors such information as +they may think likely to increase the value of the respective works. + +The second edition of our able correspondent, Mr. Peter Cunningham's +_Handbook of London_, is on the eve of publication. + +There are few of our readers but will be glad to learn from +the announcement in a previous column, that the edition of the +_Wickliffite Versions of the Scriptures_, upon which Sir Frederick +Madden and his fellow labourers have been engaged for a period of +twenty years, is just completed. It forms, we believe, three quarto +volumes. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson lately disposed of a most select and +interesting collection of autograph letters. We unfortunately did not +receive the catalogue in time to notice it, which we the more regret, +because, like all their catalogues of autographs, it was drawn up with +amateur-like intelligence and care; so as to make it worth preserving +as a valuable record of materials for our history and biography. + +We have received the following Catalogues of Books:--No. XXV. of +Thomas Cole's (15. Great Turnstile): No. 2. for 1850, of William +Heath's (29½ Lincoln's Inn Fields); and No. 15. of Bernard Quarritch's +(16. Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue of Oriental and +Foreign Books. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE + +(_IN CONTINUATION OF LISTS IN FORMER NOS._) + +Mills, Rev. Isaac, of Highcleer--Account of the Life and Conversation +of, with a Sermon, 8vo., 1721. + +Mykur Hazem, by Marcus, London, 1846. + +Poems by a Bornnatural, 1849. + +_ODD VOLUMES_. + +Proceedings of the Philological Society. Vol. I. + +Richardson's Correspondence, Vol. I. of the Six-Volume Ed. + +Todd's Johnson's Dictionary, 4to., 1819. (Part X. containing Title, +Preface, &c.) + +Partington's British Cyclopædia--That portion of Natural History which +follows Vol. I. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, +to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet +Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +Burning for Treason.--Can the Correspondent who furnished us with +a curious Note upon this subject favour us with a copy of it, the +original having been accidentally mislaid? + +We are again compelled, from want of space, to omit many curious +and interesting articles; and, after this statement, must beg our +kind friends at Leeds, Brompton, &c., who complain of delay in the +insertion of their communications, to do us the favour to refer to the +notice on this very subject which appeared in our early numbers. + +Notes and Queries may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday: +so that our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in +receiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably +not yet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive +Copies in their Saturday parcels. Part V. is now ready. + + * * * * *{376} + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, + +No. CLXXII. is Published This Day. + + CONTENTS: + I. GIACOMO LEOPARDI AND HIS WRITINGS. + II. RANKE'S HOUSE OF BRANDENBURG. + III. QUEEN'S COLLEGE, LONDON. + IV. GROTE'S HISTORY OF GREECE. + V. URQUHART'S PILLARS OF HERCULES. + VI. FACTS IN FIGURES. + VII. THE DUTIFUL SON. + VIII. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF LONDON. + IX. BAXTER'S IMPRESSIONS OF EUROPE. + X. LORD LIEUTENANT CLARENDON. + XI. LOUIS PHILIPPE. + +John Murray, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + +NEARLY READY. + +[Illustration: CHOICE EXAMPLES OF ART WORKMANSHIP Selected from the +Exhibition of ANCIENT AND MEDIÆVAL ART at the Society of Arts] + +A Prospectus, containing a Specimen of the Illustrations, will be sent +on receipt of two postage stamps. + +Joseph Cundall, 21. Old Bond Street. + + * * * * * + +MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF ANCIENT AND MODERN BOOKS.--NUMBER FOUR is ready +this day, and can be had Gratis, and sent, if required, Postage Free. +Address, John Miller, 43, Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square. This List +embraces numerous valuable and interesting Books on English Poetry, +the Drama, History, Biography, Voyages and Travels, &c., with the +works of a few of the best Continental writers, a selection of +Pictorial Books of Scenery, Costume, Topography, and Drawing-room +Table Books. + +Also, on forwarding Four Postage Stamps, JOHN MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF +BOOKS FOR THE PAST QUARTER may be had stitched in a wrapper, with +a Table of Contents, showing at one glance the range of subjects +embraced, amongst which may be enumerated the following, viz., +America, Angling, Banking and Currency, Coins, Dictionaries, +Drawing-books, Games, Sports, &c., Heraldry, Genealogy and Family +History, Ireland, its History and Literature, Kent, its History and +Topography, Law, Music, its History and Theory, Painting and the Fine +Arts, Shakspeariana, and a variety of other branches of Literature +comprised in upwards of 1500 articles. + +John Miller, 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square. + + * * * * * + +THE ANGLO-SAXON, for April, Price 2s. 6d. or 3s. post-free, contains +England and her Colonies: County Colonisation, with Maps--English +Church Music--Christian Architecture--London: a Poem, Essay II.--The +Alfred Medals: Three Sonnets, by Martin F. Tupper--Anglo-Saxon +Literature: the Jubilee Edition of King Alfred's Works, with Specimens +and Translations--Wives and Mothers--Anglo-Saxon Colonies: Victoria, +Cooksland, Port Essington, (Papua--Timor)--Original Ballads. + +The ANGLO-SAXON for 1849 forms a handsome volume, price One Guinea. + +London: T. Bosworth, 215. Regent Street. + + * * * * * + +Published every Saturday, price 3d., or stamped, 4d., also in Monthly +Parts. Part V. (for March), price 1s. 3d., now ready. + +NOTES AND QUERIES: a Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, +Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, &c. + +The attention of Publishers and Booksellers is particularly +requested to this Periodical as a medium for advertising. It contains +communications from the most eminent Literary Men, and is circulated +largely amongst the best class of book-buyers. + +In addition to the valuable matter which will be found in its columns, +it contains notices of Book Sales, Booksellers' Catalogues, and Lists +of Books wanted to purchase,--features which it is believed will +be found valuable to Dealers in Old Books, as well as useful to +Purchasers. + + SCALE OF PRICES. + £ s. d. + Six lines and under . . . . 0 5 0 + Above six lines, per line . 0 0 6 + Half a column . . . . . . . 0 16 0 + Column . . . . . . . . . . 1 10 0 + Page . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 0 + +***Advertisements must be sent by the Wednesday previous to the +Saturday on which they are intended to appear; Notes and Queries +being issued to the Trade on Friday afternoon. + +OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. + + "As good a first number as we remember to have seen. The + Editor exhibits a phalanx of eminent assistants. * * There can + be no doubt of the value of a Literary Medium of this peculiar + kind."--_Athenæum_. + + "We like the plan much. * * We wish success to a + publication which promises to be agreeable, intelligent, and + useful."--_Literary Gazette_. + + "We feel great pleasure in welcoming into the literary + world this publication, which promises to fill up a void + that has constantly been lamented by every person engaged + in any particular branch of study that required experience + and research. * * It is a publication in which all literary + persons must feel a deep interest, and that has our heartiest + wishes for its success."--_Morning Herald_. + + "This is a new periodical, with a new idea, and one that + deserves and will be sure to receive encouragement amongst + scholars and readers really deserving that appellation. * * + It is a capital idea; and every one who makes Notes or has + Queries should buy it and contribute to it."--_Weekly News_. + + "That valuable publication The Notes and Queries, so + auspiciously commenced."--_New Bell's Messenger_. + + "With whomsoever the idea of publishing this useful and + interesting periodical first originated, that person is + entitled to the thanks of every author, antiquary, and + scholar, in the United Kingdom. * * We recommend, in all + sincerity, The Notes and Queries to the attention of lovers + of literature in general."--_Morning Post_. + +London: George Bell, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, Parts 13 and 14, imperial quarto. Price 3_s._ +each, tinted 4s. + +RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE, from Drawings by John +Johnson, Architect, F.S.A., Lithographed by Alfred Newman. + +Contents, Part 13:--Hawton Church; Notts.--St. Mary's, +Stamford--Aldwinkle, All Saints, Northamptonshire-Wellingborough +Church, Northamptonshire. + +Part 14--Skelton Church, from the South-East and South-West--Rye +House, Herts.--Holbeach Church, Lincolnshire. + +This Work is intended to embrace a series of examples of +Ecclesiastical, Collegiate, and Domestic Architecture. It will be +completed in Twenty Monthly Parts, price 3s. each, tinted 4s. + +London: George Bell, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Preparing for immediate Publication, in 2 vols. small octavo. + +THE FOLK-LORE OF ENGLAND. By William J. Thoms, F.S.A., Secretary +of the Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and +Legends of all Nations," &c. One object of the present work is to +furnish new contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; +and especially some of the more striking illustrations of the subject +to be found in the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental +Antiquaries. + +Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and +Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and +will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed +to the care of Mr. Bell, Office of "Notes and Queries," 186. Fleet +Street. + + * * * * * + +Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. +New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; +and published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish +of St. Dunstan in The West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. +186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 6, 1850. + + * * * * * + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries 1850.04.06, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES 1850.04.06 *** + +***** This file should be named 12505-8.txt or 12505-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/2/5/0/12505/ + +Produced by Jon Ingram, William Flis, and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. With thanks to Internet Library of Early Journals. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries 1850.04.06 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: June 3, 2004 [EBook #12505] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES 1850.04.06 *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, William Flis, and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. With thanks to Internet Library of Early Journals. + + + + + + +</pre> + + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page361" + id="page361"></a>{361}</span> + + <h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + + <h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, + ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + <hr /> + + <h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN + CUTTLE.</h3> + <hr class="full" /> + + <table summary="masthead" + width="100%"> + <tr> + <td align="left" + width="25%"><b>No. 23.</b></td> + + <td align="center" + width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, APRIL 6. 1850.</b></td> + + <td align="right" + width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> + Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + <table summary="Contents" + align="center"> + <tr> + <td align="left">NOTES:—</td> + + <td align="right">Page</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Periplus of Hanno, by R.T. + Hampson</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page361">361</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Pope Vindicated</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page362">362</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">The Supper of the Lorde</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page362">362</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Folk Lore:—Palm Sunday + Wind—Curious Symbolical Custom—The Wild + Huntsman</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page363">363</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">On Authors and Books, No. VI, by + Bolton Corney</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page363">363</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Nicholas Breton's Crossing of + Proverbs, by J.P. Collier</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page364">364</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Sword called Curtana, by E.F. + Rimbault, LL.D.</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page364">364</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Is the Dombec the Domesday of Alfred? + by George Munford</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page365">365</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Minor Queries:—Wickliffite + Versions of the Scriptures—Gloves—Law + Courts at St. Alban's—Milton + Pedigree—Sapcote Motto—Scala Coeli, + &c.</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page366">366</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">The Arabic Numerals and Cipher</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page367">367</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Replies to Minor Queries, by Sir W.C. + Trevelyan</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page368">368</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Derivation of "News"</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page369">369</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Replies to Minor + Queries:—Swot—Pokership—Vox + Populi—Living Dog better than dead + Lion—Curious Monumental + Brasses—Chapels—Forthlot—Loscop— + Smelling of the Lamp—Anglo-Saxon MS. of + Orosius—Golden Frog—Sword of Charles + I.—John Bull—Vertue MSS.—Lines + attributed to Tom Brown, &c.</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page369">369</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">MISCELLANIES:—</td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Epigram by La Monnoye—Spur + Money—Minimum de Malls—Epigram on Louis + XIV.—Macaulay's Young Levite—St. Martin's + Lane—Charles Deering, M.D.</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page373">373</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, + &c.</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page375">375</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes wanted</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page375">375</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page375">375</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Advertisements</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page376">376</a></td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr /> + + <h3>PERIPLUS OF HANNO THE CARTHAGINIAN.</h3> + + <p>I am not sufficiently Quixotic to attempt a defence of the + Carthaginians on the western coast of Africa, or any where + else, but I submit that the accusation brought against them by + Mr. S. Bannister, formerly Attorney-General of New South Wales, + is not sustained by the only record we possess of Hanno's + colonising expedition. That gentleman, in his learned + <i>Records of British Enterprise beyond Sea</i>, just + published, says, in a note, p. xlvii.:—</p> + + <p>"The first nomade tribe they reached was friendly, and + furnished Hanno with <i>interpreters</i>. At length they + discovered a nation <i>whose language was unknown to the + interpreters</i>. These strangers they attempted to seize; and, + upon their resistance, they took three of the women, whom they + put to death, and carried their skins to Carthage" (<i>Geogr. + Græci Minores</i>, Paris, 1826, p. 115.).</p> + + <p>Hanno obtained interpreters from a people who dwelt on the + banks of a large river, called the Lixus, and supposed to be + the modern St. Cyprian. Having sailed thence for several days, + and touched at different places, planting a colony in one of + them, he came to a mountainous country inhabited by savages, + who wore skins of wild beasts, + δερματα + θηρεια + ενημμενων. At a + distance of twelve days' sail he came to some Ethiopians, who + could not endure the Carthaginians, and who spoke + unintelligibly even to the Lixite interpreters. These are the + people whose women, Mr. Bannister says, they killed. Hanno + sailed from this inhospitable coast fifteen days, and came to a + gulf which he calls Νοτου + Κερα, or South Horn.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Here," says the Dr. Hawkesworth, of Carthage, "in the + gulf, was an island, like the former, containing a lake, + and in this another island, full of wild men; but the women + were much more numerous, <i>with hairy bodies</i> + (δασειαι + τοισ + σωμασιν), whom the + interpreters called + γοριλλασ. + We pursued the men, who, flying to precipices, defended + themselves with stones, and could not be taken. Three + women, who bit and scratched their leaders, would not + follow them. Having killed them, we brought their skins to + Carthage."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>He does not so much as intimate that the creatures who so + defended themselves with stones, or those whose bodies were + covered with hair, spoke any language. Nothing but the words + ανθρωποι + αγριοι and + γυναικεσ can + lead us to believe that they were human beings at all; while + the description of the behaviour of the men, and the bodies of + the women, is not repugnant to the supposition that they were + large apes, baboons, or orang-outangs, common to this part of + Africa. At all events, the voyagers do not say that they flayed + a people having the faculty of speech.</p> + + <p>It is not, however, improbable that the Carthaginians were + severe taskmasters of the people whom they subdued. Such I + understand those to have been who opened the British tin mines, + and who, according to Diodorus Siculus, excessively overworked + the wretches who toiled for them, "wasting their bodies + underground, and dying, <span class="pagenum"><a name="page362" + id="page362"></a>{362}</span> many a one, through extremity + of suffering, while others perished under the lashes of the + overseer." (<i>Bibl. Hist.</i> l. v. c. 38.)</p> + + <p class="author">R.T. Hampson.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>POPE VINDICATED.</h3> + + <p>"P.C.S.S." is too great an admirer of Pope not to seek to + vindicate him from one, at least, of the blunders attributed to + him by Mr. D. Stevens, at p. 331. of the "Notes and + Queries."</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Singed are his <i>brows</i>, the scorching + <i>lids</i> grow black."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Now, if Mr. S. will refer to Homer, he will find that the + original fully justifies the use of "brows" and "lids" in the + <i>plural</i>. It runs thus (<i>Od.</i> ix. v. 389.):</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Παντα δε + υι + βλεφαρ + αμφι και + οφρυασ + ευσεν + αυτμη."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"P.C.S.S." wishes that he could equally remove from Pope the + charge of inaccuracy respecting the <i>three</i> cannibal meals + of Polyphemus. He fears that nothing can be alleged to impugn + Mr. Stevens's perfectly just criticism.</p> + + <p>While on the subject of Pope, "P.C.S.S." would wish to + advert to a communication (No. 16. p. 246.) in which it is + insinuated that Pope was probably indebted to Petronius Arbiter + for the well-known passage—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Worth makes the man, and want of it the fellow;</p> + + <p>The rest is all but leather and prunella."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>With all respect for the ingenious author of that + communication, "P.C.S.S." confesses that he is unable to + discover such a similitude of expression as might warrant the + notion that Pope had been a borrower from Petronius. He cannot + suppose that Mr. F. could have been led away by any supposed + analogy between <i>corium</i> and <i>coricillum</i>. The + latter, Mr. F. must know, is nothing more than a diminutive of + a diminutive (coricillum, <i>not</i> corcillum, from corculum); + and the word is coined by Petronius to ridicule one of the + affectations of Trimalchio (Nero), who was wont to indulge, to + an absurd extent, in the use of such diminutives (<i>vide</i> + Burmann, <i>in loco</i>). "P.C.S.S." will now subjoin such + translations of the passage in question as he has hitherto had + opportunities of referring to. The first is from <i>The Works + of Petronius Arbiter, translated by several hands</i>, Lond. + 8vo. 4th edit. 1714. At the beginning of the translation itself + there is this heading—"Made English by Mr. Wilson, of the + Middle Temple, and several others." The passage in question is + thus rendered:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Come, my friends, let us see how merry you can be! for + in my time, I have been no better than yourselves; but, by + my own industry, I am what I am. <i>'Tis the heart makes + the man</i>; all the rest is but stuff!"</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>In another translation, which, with Grub-Street audacity, + the publisher, in his title-passage, presumes to attribute to + Addison! and which appeared in 1736 (Lond. 8vo.), the passage + is as follows:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"I was once as you are: but now, thanks to my industry, + I am what I am. <i>It is the heart that makes the man</i>; + all the rest is but stuff!"</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Be the translator who he may, this version, so impudently + ascribed to the moral Addison, is written with much spirit and + power, and with a remarkable comprehension of the author's + meaning. Some of the poetical fragments at the end are, indeed, + singularly well done.</p> + + <p>Of the two French versions which "P.C.S.S." has examined, + the one by Levaur (Paris, 8vo. 1726) thus translates the + passage:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Je vous prie, mes amis ... <i>C'est le coeur qui fait + les hommes; je compte le reste pour un + fétu</i>."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>In that of Boispreaux (Lond. 1742), it is simply + rendered—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Mon sçavoir faire m'a tiré du pair. + <i>C'est le coeur qui fait l'homme</i> ..."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>No attempt is made to translate the <i>quisquilia</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">P.C.S.S.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>"THE SUPPER OF THE LORDE."</h3> + + <p>I shall be glad to find that your correspondent "C.H." (No. + 21. p. 333.) receives a satisfactory answer to his inquiry, as + such a reply would also satisfy my earlier query, No. 7. p. + 109. I perceive, however, from his letter, that I can give him + some information on other points noticed in it, though the + absence of papers now passing through the press with the Parker + Society's reprint of a third volume of Tyndale, will prevent my + replying with such precision as I could wish. That ancient + tract on "The Supper of the Lorde, after the true meanyng of + the sixte of John," &c., of which "C.H." says he possesses + a copy, was reprinted at different intervals with the same + date, viz., MCCCCCXXXIII, Apryll v., on its title-page. The + original edition has a final colophon, stating that it was + "imprinted at Nornberg, by Nielas Twonson," and is so rare, + that I have not been able to discover the existence of any + copy, but one recently deposited in the Bodleian. That "C.H.'s" + copy is not a specimen of that first edition, is apparent from + two circumstances. The first is, that he has given you a + quotation from his copy as follows:—"And as for M. More, + whom the verity most offendeth, and doth but mocke it," whereas + the original edition has, "And as for M. Mocke," &c., and + Sir Thomas More notices this mockage of his name in his reply. + The next is, that his copy contains "Crowley's Epistle to the + Reader," which does not appear in any edition of an earlier + date than 1551. When first attached to this treatise, the + epistle was anonymous, as may be seen in the Lambeth copy; but + Crowley eventually <span class="pagenum"><a name="page363" + id="page363"></a>{363}</span> affixed his name to the + epistle, as it appears in "C.H.'s" and in other copies. + Robert Crowley was a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; + vicar of St. Giles, Cripplegate; a printer and publisher; + but to his singular combination of titles, we cannot add + that of author of the treatise in question. "C.H." has seen + that he did not enter Oxford till 1534; and in his Prefatory + Epistle, Crowley speaks of the author of the treatise as a + person distinct from himself.</p> + + <p>I do not wish, however, to be considered as positively + affirming the treatise to be Tyndale's. Foxe, the + martyrologist, edited Tyndale's works for Day, and he has only + said that this treatise was "compiled, as some do gather, by M. + Wm. Tyndale, because the method and phrase agree with his, and + the time of writing are [sic] concurrent." On the other hand, + the authorship is unhesitatingly assigned to Tyndale by Mr. C. + Anderson (<i>Annals of the English Bible</i>, §ix. <i>ad + finem</i>), and by Mr. Geo. Offer (<i>Mem. of Tyndale</i>, p. + 30.), the two most pains-taking and best informants as to his + works. But still there are objections of such force, that I + must confess myself rather inclined to attribute the treatise + to Joy's pen, if I could but be satisfied that he was capable + of writing so correctly, and of keeping so clear of vulgarity + in a controversy with a popish persecutor.</p> + + <p class="author">H.W.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + <p><i>Palm Sunday Wind</i>.—It is a common idea among + many of the farmers and labourers of this immediate + neighbourhood, that, from whatever quarter the wind blows for + the most part on Palm Sunday, it will continue to blow from the + same quarter for the most part during the ensuing summer.</p> + + <p>Is this notion prevalent in other parts of the country, as a + piece of "Folk-Lore?"</p> + + <p class="author">R.V.</p> + + <p>Winchester, March 26.</p> + + <p><i>Curious Symbolical Custom</i>.—On Saturday last I + married a couple in the parish church. An old woman, an aunt of + the bridegroom, displeased at the marriage, stood at the church + gate and pronounced an anathema on the married pair. She then + bought a new broom, went home, swept her house, and hung the + broom over the door. By this she intimated her rejection of her + nephew, and forbade him to enter her house. Is this a known + custom? What is its origin?</p> + + <p class="author">H. Morland Austen.</p> + + <p>St. Peter's, Thanet, March 25. 1850.</p> + + <p><i>The Wild Huntsman</i>.—The interesting + contributions of your correspondent "Seleucus," on "Folk Lore," + brought to my recollection the "Wild Huntsman" of the German + poet, Tieck; of whose verses on that superstitious belief, + still current among the imaginative peasantry of Germany, I + send you a translation, <i>done into English</i> many years + ago. The Welsh dogs of Annwn, or "couriers of the + air"—the spirit-hounds who hunt the souls of the + dead—are part of that popular belief existing among all + nations, which delivers up the noon of night to ungracious + influences, that "fade on the crowing of the cock."</p> + + <h4>"THE WILD HUNTSMAN.</h4> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"At the dead of the night the Wild Huntsman + awakes,</p> + + <p>In the deepest recess of the dark forest's + brakes;</p> + + <p>He lists to the storm, and arises in scorn.</p> + + <p>He summons his hounds with his far-sounding + horn;</p> + + <p>He mounts his black steed; like the lightning they + fly</p> + + <p>And sweep the hush'd forest with snort and with + cry.</p> + + <p>Loud neighs his black courser; hark his horn, how + 'tis swelling!</p> + + <p>He chases his comrades, his hounds wildly + yelling.</p> + + <p>Speed along! speed along! for the race is all + ours;</p> + + <p>Speed along! speed along! while the midnight still + lours;</p> + + <p>The spirits of darkness will chase him in scorn,</p> + + <p>Who dreads our wild howl, and the shriek of our + horn,</p> + + <p>Thus yelling and belling they sweep on the wind,</p> + + <p>The dread of the pious and reverent mind:</p> + + <p>But all who roam gladly in forests, by night,</p> + + <p>This conflict of spirits will strangely + delight."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">J.M.</p> + + <p>Oxford, March 13.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>ON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. VI.</h3> + + <p>In the union of scholarship, polished manners, and + amiability of character, we have had few men to surpass the + reverend Joseph Spence. His career was suitable to his deserts. + He was fortunate in his connections, fortunate in his + appointments, and fortunate in his share of fame.</p> + + <p>His fame, however, is somewhat diminished. His <i>Essay on + the Odyssey</i>, which procured him the friendship of Pope, has + ceased to be in request; his <i>Polymetis</i>, once the + ornament of every choice library, has been superseded by the + publications of Millin and Smith; his poems are only to be met + with in the collections of Dodsley and Nichols. If we now dwell + with pleasure on his name, it is chiefly as a recorder of the + sayings of others—it is on account of his assiduity in + making <i>notes!</i> I allude to the volume entitled + <i>Anecdotes, observations, and characters of books and + men</i>, which was edited by my friend Mr. Singer, with his + wonted care and ability in 1820.</p> + + <p>The <i>Essay on the Odyssey</i> was first published + anonymously in 1726-7. It was reprinted in 1737 and 1747. A + copy of the latter edition, now in my possession, contains this + curious note:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"It is remarkable that of twelve passages objected to in + this critique on the English Odyssey, <i>two</i> only are + found in those books which were translated by Pope.</p> + + <p>"From Mr. Langton, who had his information from Mr. + Spence.</p> + + <p>"When Spence carried his preface to Gorboduc in + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page364" + id="page364"></a>{364}</span> 1736 to Pope, he asked him + his opinion. Pope said 'It would do very well; there was + nothing <i>pert</i> or <i>low</i> in it.' Spence was + satisfied with this praise, which however, was in + implied censure on all his other writings.—He is + very fond of the familiar vulgarisms of common talk, and + is the very reverse of Dr. Johnson.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>"E.M." [Edmond Malone.]</p> + + <p>The note is not signed at length, but there can be no doubt + as to its authorship, as I purchased the volume which contains + it at the sale of the unreserved books of Mr. Malone in + 1818.</p> + + <p class="author">Bolton Corney.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>QUERIES.</h2> + + <h3>NICHOLAS BRETON'S "CROSSING OF PROVERBS."</h3> + + <p>Although my query respecting William Basse and his poem, + "Great Britain's Sun's Set," (No. 13. p. 200), produced no + positive information touching that production, it gave an + opportunity to some of your correspondents to communicate + valuable intelligence relating to the author and to other works + by him, for which I, for one, was very much obliged. If I did + not obtain exactly what I wanted, I obtained something that + hereafter may be extremely useful; and that I could not, + perhaps, have obtained in any other way than through the medium + of your pleasant and welcome periodical.</p> + + <p>I am now, therefore, about to put a question regarding + another writer of more celebrity and ability. Among our early + pamphleteers, there was certainly none more voluminous than + Nicholas Breton, who began writing in 1575, and did not lay + down his pen until late in the reign of James I. A list of his + pieces (by no means complete, but the fullest that has been + compiled) may be seen in Lowndes's <i>Bibl. Manual</i>; it + includes several not by Breton, among them Sir Philip Sidney's + <i>Ourania</i>, 1606, which in fact is by a person of the name + Backster; and it omits the one to which my present + communication refers, and regarding which I am at some + loss.</p> + + <p>In the late Mr. Heber's <i>Catalogue</i>, part iv. p. 10., I + read as follows, under the name of Nicholas Breton:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Crossing of Proverbs. The Second Part, with certaine + briefe Questions and Answeres, by N.B., Gent. Extremely + rare and very curious, <i>but imperfect</i>. It appears to + contain a portion of the first part, and also of the + second; but it appears to be unknown."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Into whose hands this fragment devolved I know not; and that + is one point I am anxious to ascertain, because I have another + fragment, which consists of what is evidently the first sheet + of the first part of the tract in question, with the following + title-page, which I quote <i>totidem literis</i>:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Crossing of Proverbs. Crosse-Answeres. And + Crosse-Humours. By B.N., Gent. At London, Printed for John + Wright, and are to be solde at his Shop without Newgate, at + the signe of the Bible, 1616."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>It is in 8vo., as Heber's fragment appears to have been; but + then the initials of the author are given as N.B., whereas in + my fragment they stand B.N., a usual inversion with Nicholas + Breton; the brief address "To the Reader" is also subscribed + B.N.; and then begins the body of the work, thus headed: + "Crosse and Pile, or, Crossing of Proverbs." It opens as + follows:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"<i>Proverb</i>. The more the merrier.</p> + + <p><i>Cross</i>. Not so; one hand is enough in a + purse.</p> + + <p><i>P.</i> Every man loves himselfe best.</p> + + <p><i>C.</i> Not so, when man is undone by + suretyship.</p> + + <p><i>P.</i> He that runnes fastest gets most + ground.</p> + + <p><i>C.</i> Not so, for then foote-men would have more + land than their masters.</p> + + <p><i>P.</i> He runnes far that never turnes.</p> + + <p><i>C.</i> Not so, he may breake his necke in a short + course.</p> + + <p><i>P.</i> No man can call againe yesterday.</p> + + <p><i>C.</i> Yes, hee may call till his heart ake, + though it never come.</p> + + <p><i>P.</i> Had I wist was a foole.</p> + + <p><i>C.</i> No, he was a foole that said so."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>And so it proceeds, not without humour and point, here and + there borrowing from known sources, as in the + following:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"<i>Proverb.</i> The world is a long journey.</p> + + <p><i>Cros.</i> Not so, the sunne goes it every + day.</p> + + <p><i>P.</i> It is a great way to the bottom of the + sea.</p> + + <p><i>C.</i> Not so, it is but a stone's cast."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>However, my object is not to give specimens of the + production further than are necessary for its identification. + My queries are, 1st, Who bought Mr. Heber's fragment, and where + is it now to be found? 2nd, Are any of your correspondents + aware of the existence of a perfect copy of the work?</p> + + <p>I naturally take a peculiar interest about Nicholas Breton, + because I have in my possession an unknown collection of + amatory and pastoral poems by him, printed in quarto in 1604, + in matter and measure obvious imitations of productions in "The + Passionate Pilgrim," 1599, imputed to Shakespeare, and some of + which are unquestionably by Richard Barnfield.</p> + + <p>Any new information regarding Breton and his works will be + most acceptable to me. I am already in possession of undoubted + proof that he was the Nicholas Breton whose epitaph is on the + chancel-wall of the church of Norton, in Northamptonshire, a + point Ritson seems to have questioned.</p> + + <p class="author">J. Payne Collier.</p> + + <p>March 30. 1850.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>THE SWORD CALLED CURTANA.</h3> + + <p>In the wardrobe account for the year 1483, are "iij swerdes, + whereof oon with a flat poynte, + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page365" + id="page365"></a>{365}</span> called <i>curtana</i>, and ij + other swords, all iij swords covered in a yerde di of + crymysym tisshue cloth of gold."</p> + + <p>The name of <i>curtana</i> for many ages continued to be + given to the first royal sword in England. It existed as long + ago as the reign of Henry III., at whose coronation (A.D. 1236) + it was carried by the Earl of Chester. We find it at the + coronations of Edward II. and Richard II.; also in the time of + Henry IV., Richard III., and Henry VII.; and among the royal + arms of Edward VI. we read of "a swerde called + <i>curtana</i>."</p> + + <p>Can any of your readers explain the origin of the name + <i>curtana</i>, a sword so famous that it carries us back to + the days of ancient chivalry, when it was wielded by the Dane + <i>Uggiero</i>, or by the still more famed <i>Orlando</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">Edward F. Rimbault.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>IS THE DOMBEC THE DOMESDAY OF ALFRED?</h3> + + <p>I beg to propose the following "Query":—Is the + <i>Dombec</i>, a work referred to in the Laws of Edward the + Elder, the same as what has been called the Domesday or + Winchester Book of Alfred the Great? I incline to think that it + is not, and shall be much obliged to any of your + correspondents, learned in the Anglo-Saxon period of our + history, who will give himself the trouble of resolving my + doubts.</p> + + <p>Sir Henry Spelman, in his Glossary <i>voce Dombec</i>, calls + it the <i>Liber Judicialis</i> of the Anglo-Saxons; and says it + is mentioned in the first chapter of the laws of Edward the + Elder, where the king directs his judges to conduct themselves + in their judicial proceedings as on [Old English: thaere dom + bec stand], that is, as <i>is enjoined in their Dome + Book</i>.—"Quod," he continues, "an de præcedentium + Regum legibus quæ hodie extant, intelligendum sit: an de + alio quopiam libro hactenus non prodeunte, incertum est."</p> + + <p>But this uncertainty does not seem to have attached itself + to the mind of Sir William Blackstone; for in the third section + of the Introduction prefixed to his <i>Commentaries on the Laws + of England</i>, he informs us that our antiquaries "tell us + that in the time of Alfred, the local customs of the several + provinces of the kingdom were grown so various, that he found + it expedient to compile his <i>Dome Book</i>, or <i>Liber + Judicialis</i>, for the general use of the whole kingdom." This + book is said to have been extant so late as the reign of King + Edward IV., but is now unfortunately lost. It contained, we may + probably suppose, the principal maxims of the common law, the + penalties for misdemeanors, and the forms of judicial + proceedings. Thus much may be at least collected from that + injunction to observe it, which we find in the Laws of King + Edward the Elder, the son of Alfred.—"<i>Omnibus qui + reipublicæ præsunt etiam atque etiam mando, ut + omnibus æquos se præbeant judices, perinde ac in + judiciali libro</i> (Saxonice, [Old English: dom bec]) + <i>scriptum habetur: nec quidquid formident quin jus + commune</i> (Saxonice, [Old English: folcrihte]) <i>audactes + libereque dicant.</i>"</p> + + <p>But notwithstanding this, it appears to me by no means + conclusive, that the <i>Dombec</i> referred to in the Laws of + Edward the Elder and the <i>Liber Judicialis</i> of Alfred are + the same; on the contrary, Alfred's <i>Liber Judicialis</i> + seems to have been known not under the name of <i>Dombec</i>, + but under that of the <i>Winchester Roll</i>, from the + circumstance of its having been principally kept at Winchester: + and Sir Henry Spelman says, the Domesday Book of William the + Conqueror was sometimes called <i>Rotulus Wintoniæ, a + similitudine antiquoris</i>, from its resemblance to an older + document preserved at Winchester. And he quotes Ingulphus Abbot + of Croyland, who says, "Iste rotulus (<i>i.e.</i> the Domesday + Book of William) vocatus est Rotulus Wintoniæ, et ab + Anglicis pro sua generalitate, omnia tenementa totius + terræ integre continente <i>Domesday</i> cognominatur." + And the he proceeds, "Talem rotulum et multum similem; ediderat + quondam Rex Alfredus, in quo totam terram Angliæ per + comitatus, centurias, et decurias descripserat, sicut + prænotatur. Qui quidem Rotulus Wintoniæ vocatus + est, quia deponebatur apud Wintoniam conservandus," &c.</p> + + <p>Here is nothing said of this work being called [Old English: + dom bec]: neither does Spelman, in his enumeration of the works + of Alfred, give the least intimation that any one of his + collections of laws was called [Old English: dom bec].</p> + + <p>We know, indeed, that Alfred compiled a code of laws for his + subjects; but whether any part of them has been preserved, or + how much of them is embodied in subsequent codes, cannot now be + determined. Asser mentions that he frequently reprimanded the + judges for wrong judgments; and Spelman, that he wrote "a book + against unjust magistrates," but any complete body of laws, if + such was ever framed by Alfred, is now lost; and that + attributed to him in Wilkin's <i>Leges Anglo-Saxon</i>, is held + in suspicion by most writers.</p> + + <p>For these reasons, and considering that Sir William + Blackstone's knowledge of English history was rather + superficial, I incline to the belief, that the [Old English: + dom bec] referred to in the laws of Edward the Elder, was some + collection of laws made <i>prior</i> to the time of Alfred: + this might clearly be the case, as Sharon Turner informs us + that the Saxon laws were committed to writing as early as the + commencement of the 7th century.</p> + + <p>The opinions of your learned correspondents on this disputed + point may be of much interest to many of your readers, and to + none more than to</p> + + <p class="author">George Munford.</p> + + <p>East Winch.</p> + <hr /> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page366" + id="page366"></a>{366}</span> + + <h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + + <p><i>MSS. of the Wycliffite Translations of the + Scriptures</i>.—The Add. MS. 15,521., in the British + Museum, contains a copy of Lewis's edition of the <i>Wycliffite + New Testament</i>, printed in 1731, with manuscript notes by + Ames and Lewis, and the former has transcribed into it some + <i>additional prologues</i>, prefixed to each book of the New + Testament, which had not been printed by Lewis, and were taken + by Ames from a MS. of the New Testament, written in 1424, and + in 1731 in the possession of Thomas Granger. It would be very + desirable to learn what became of this MS. subsequently. + Granger died in the following year, but the MS. does not appear + in the sale catalogue of his library, nor is it found in the + catalogue of Ames's own library, dispersed in 1760. Any + information relative to this remarkable copy of the New + Testament, would be very acceptable to the Editors of the + <i>Wycliffite Versions of the Scriptures</i>, who are now, + after a literary labour of more than twenty years, about to + bring the work to a conclusion. They would also feel much + obliged by the communication of any notices of MSS. of the + Wycliffite versions, <i>existing in private hands</i>, + exclusive of those copies of which they already possess + descriptions, existing in the libraries of the following + individuals:—Mrs. Allanson of Farn, Flintshire, the Earl + of Ashburnham, Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart., Sir Peregrine + Ackland, Bart., Sir David Dundas, H.M. Judge Advocate, Dr. + Cardwell, Principal of St. Alban's Hall, Oxford, and Thomas + Bannister, Esq.</p> + + <p class="author">F. Madden.</p> + + <p>British Museum, March 28.</p> + + <p><i>Why are Gloves not worn before Royalty?</i>—Can any + of your readers inform me what is the origin of the custom + observed at Court, of persons in the royal presence not wearing + gloves? Is it a matter of pure etiquette, or does the + observance of it derive its origins from barbarous times, when + chivalry was little else than barbarism in armour?</p> + + <p class="author">F.E.</p> + + <p><i>Law Courts at St. Albans</i>.—Can any of your + correspondents give me the reference to a communication in the + <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> (between, I think, the years 1815 + and 1836), in which a passage in Massinger, which alludes to + lawyers going to St. Albans, is illustrated by an inscription + in the nave of St. Alban's Abbey Church, which records that the + courts were held there on account of the sweating-sickness in + the reign of Elizabeth?</p> + + <p class="author">Σ.</p> + + <p><i>Richard Haley, or Hales.—Milton + Pedigree</i>.—I should feel obliged by any particulars + respecting Richard Haley, or Hales, of Idlestreete, otherwise + Ilstreyd, in com. Hertford, yeoman; my object being to + ascertain the nature of some transaction he had with Milton, in + July 1674, referred to in a bond which the former executed, + dated the 27th of that month, for performance of the covenants + contained in an indenture of even date.</p> + + <p>Is any thing known of Richard Milton, who signs his name as + the attesting witness to the releases given by two of the + poet's daughters for their share of his estate? Is there any + pedigree of the family of Sir Christopher Milton, the poet's + brother, drawn up with sufficient apparent accuracy to exclude + the probability of Richard Milton being his son? I have + referred to the pedigree in the British Museum (Harl. MS. 5802. + fo. 19b.), which makes no mention of the letter; but it is + evidently so imperfect a notice, as to be of little authority + one way or other.</p> + + <p class="author">J.F.M.</p> + + <p><i>Sapcote Motto</i>.—Over the old gatehouse of Elton, + co. Hunts., built by the family of Sapcote, is their coat of + arms, namely, "three dove-cotes;" and upon a scroll, + surrounding the lower part of the shield, is carved a motto, + evidently French, and as evidently cut by a person ignorant of + that language. So far as I can decypher it, the letters appear + to be</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>sco toot X vinic [or umic]</p> + + <p>X poncs.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Possibly the first and last letters <i>s</i> are only + flourishes. I shall be glad of any suggestion as to its + meaning.</p> + + <p>I have not been able to find the Sapcote motto on record; + and I believe the Carysfoot family, the possessors of Elton, + and the Duke of Bedford, the heir in blood, to be ignorant of + what this scroll is intended to represent.</p> + + <p class="author">Erminois.</p> + + <p>Athenæum Club.</p> + + <p><i>Scala Coeli</i>.—In a will, dated 12 Hen. VIII., + the testator directs that there shall be four trentals of Saint + Gregory said for his soul at London at "Scala Coeli." Can any + of your readers explain what place is meant by "Scala + Coeli?"</p> + + <p class="author">A Subscriber.</p> + + <p><i>Illustrations of Gresset's "Vert Vert," painted on + Enamel, &c.</i>—In a Paris edition of Gresset's Works + (Janet et Cotelle, 1823), in the preface is the following + passage.—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Vert-vert fut bientôt dans toutes les mains. Le + suffrage de la multitude se joignit à celui des + connoisseurs; la mode, qui est aussi en possession de + donner son suffrage, s'empressa de parer les ajustemens + d'invention récente, du nom de l'illustre perroquet; + <i>les vases d'ornement, les vases usuels</i> qui sortoient + des fabriques françoises, retraçoient presque + tous quelques épisodes du petit poëme. Un + artist dont le nom est venu jusqu'à nous, Raux, en + <i>peignit sur émail les sujets les plus + marquants</i>; et tandis qu'on faisoit passer dans une + version latine les vers élégants du + poëte jésuite, M. Bertin, ministre + d'état, le gratifioit d'un magnifique <i>cabaret</i> + de Sèvres, dont toutes les pièces + reproduisoient les aventures de son héros, ce qui + fit dire à Gresset, <i>qu'on le traduisoit aussi en + porcelaine de Sèvres</i>."</p> + </blockquote><span class="pagenum"><a name="page367" + id="page367"></a>{367}</span> + + <p>The <i>Query</i> I wish to make is, Have any of these + illustrations or designs from Gresset's poem of Vert-vert, + painted on enamel china, or earthenware of any sort, of French + or any other manufacture, come to light of late years? or more + lately still, among the articles that have been dispersed among + various buyers of almost all nations, in the sales within these + few weeks effected at Paris?</p> + + <p class="author">Robert Snow.</p> + + <p><i>Urbanus Regius</i>.—A friend of mine, a delightful + old lady, fresh, genial, and inquisitive, has in her possession + an old volume, a family heir-loom, which is not the less dear + to her for being somewhat dingy and dilapidated, and touching + which she would gladly receive such information as your + correspondents can supply.</p> + + <p>It is made up of three apparently distinct treatises; the + first (of which several leaves are wanting) on the twelve + articles of the Apostles' Creed. The second is "The ryght + foundation, and pryncypall common places of the hole godly + Scripture," &c., by Doctor Urbanus Regius. Prefixed is an + epistle to Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury (evidently + Cranmer), to whom "Hys dayly oratoure, Gwalter Lynne (the + writer of the epistle), wyssheth lyfe euerlastynge." Between + this second treatise and the third, and apparently belonging to + the latter, is a title-page with the following inscription:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Imprinted for Gwalter Lynne, dwelling upon Somers Kaye, + by Byllinges gate. In the yeare of oure Lorde. MDXLVIII. + And they by [<i>sic</i>] to be solde at Poules church yarde + at the north doore, In the signe of the By-bell, By Richard + Jugge."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>This last treatise is in smaller type than the others, and + has no general designation: it contains chapters on various + subjects, <i>e.g.</i> "The Signification of Baptism," + &c.</p> + + <p>Query 1. Is this volume well known? 2. Who were Urbanus + Regius and Walter Lynne?</p> + + <p class="author">G.P.</p> + + <p>March 16. 1850.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>REPLIES.</h2> + + <h3>THE ARABIC NUMERALS AND CIPHER.</h3> + + <p>I might, with a little more consideration, have referred + "E.V." to several other authorities which he will do well to + consult.</p> + + <p>9. Wallis's <i>Algebra</i>, p. 9. and p. 153. of the + additions.</p> + + <p>10. <i>Phil. Trans</i>., Nos. 439. and 475.</p> + + <p>11. Montucla, <i>Histoire des Mathématiques</i>, tom. + i. chap. 2.</p> + + <p>12. Baillie, <i>Histoire de l'Astronomie</i>.</p> + + <p>13. Delambre<a id="footnotetag1" + name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a>, + <i>Hist. de l'Astr. du moyen age</i>.</p> + + <p>14. Hutton's <i>Tracts</i> (8vo. ed. 1812.), vol. ii. + (subject "History of Algebra")</p> + + <p>15. Huet, <i>Demonstratio Evangelica</i>.</p> + + <p>16. Dr. John Taylor's Translation of the <i>Lilawati</i>. + (Bombay, 1816.)</p> + + <p>17. Strachey's Translation of the <i>Bija + Ganita</i><a id="footnotetag2" + name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a>.</p> + + <p>18. Colebrooke's <i>Algebra of the Hindus</i>.</p> + + <p>Would it not be worth while to give a <i>facsimile</i> of + the "Tabel for all manere of merchauntes," in the "Notes and + Queries"? It is not only a curiosity, but an important element + (and unique as far as is known) in the philosophic history of + our arithmetic. It was, no doubt, an actual instrument in + constant use in the merchant's office, as much so as an + almanac, interest-tables, a "cambist" and a copying-press, are + now.</p> + + <p>As regards the cipher, the difficulty only commenced with + <i>writing numbers</i> in the new symbology. With persons + accustomed to the use of this instrument, there is no doubt + that the mode of obviating the difficulty of "keeping the + place," would suggest itself at once. In this instrument an + empty hole (without its peg) <i>signified</i> "none of this + denomination." What then more simple than to make the outline + of the empty hole which occupied the "local position" of any + denomination, when none of that precise denomination occurred + in the number itself? Under this view the process at least + becomes simple and natural; and as the early merchants + contributed so largely to the improvement of our arithmetical + processes, such a conclusion is wholly divested of + improbability on any other ground. The circle would then + naturally become, as it certainly has practically become, the + most appropriate symbol of <i>nothingness</i>.</p> + + <p>As regards the term <i>cipher</i> or <i>zero</i> (which are + so obviously the same as to need no remark), it is admitted on + all hands to be derived from one or other of the Semitic + languages, the Hebrew or the Arabic. It is customery with the + mathematical historians to refer it to the Arabic, they being + in general more conversant with it than with the Hebrew. The + Arabic being a smaller hand than the Hebrew, a dot was used + instead of the circle for marking the "place" at which the + hiatus of any "denomination" occurred. If we obtained our + cipher from this, it would be made hollow (a mere + <i>ceinture</i>, girdle, or ring) to save the trouble of making + a dot sufficiently large to correspond in magnitude with our + other numerals as we write them. Either is alike + possible—probability must be sought, for either over the + other, from a slightly different source.</p> + + <p>The root-words in Hebrew and in Arabic are precisely the + same (<i>ts-ph-r</i>), though in the two + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page368" + id="page368"></a>{368}</span> languages, and at different + ages of the same language, they might have been vowelised + differently. In some shape or other, this name is used in + all countries that have derived their arithmetic from + mediæval Italy, or from the Saracens. It is with some + <i>cipher</i>, with others <i>chiffre</i>, and with all + <i>zero</i>. The word is certainly no more Italian than it + is French or English. Be it remembered, too, that + <i>ezor</i> (quoted at p. 268.), as a <i>girdle</i>, is + radically the same word, somewhat mutilated. The cardinal + meaning of the word (denuded of the conventional accretions + of signification, which peculiar applications of it adds to + the cardinal meaning) appears to be <i>emptiness</i>, + <i>hollowness</i>, <i>nothingness</i>. It may be further + remarked, that in the fine Chartres MS. of Boetius, + described by Chasles, the 0 is called + <i>sipos</i>:—the same name, he remarks, that Graves + found in use in the East. The modern Turks call the 0, + <i>tsifra</i>.</p> + + <p>It is curious enough that in all languages, the term + <i>ciphering</i> is popularly used to denote all arithmetical + operations whatever. Our schoolboys do their "ciphering," and + write carefully in their "ciphering-books." This all seems to + point to the art of dispensing with the use of the abacus or + counting table.</p> + + <p class="author">T.S.D.</p> + + <p>Shooter's Hill, March 5.</p> + + <p><i>Arabic Numerals</i>.—I had replied to "E.V." (No. + 15. p. 230.), when I saw by your "Notice to Correspondents," + that the question was answered. I therefore waited the + publication of the replies, which I find do not embrace any one + of the points to which I would call the attention of + "E.V."—Diophantus of Alexandria, who flourished about 150 + years after Christ, and who wrote thirteen books of algebra or + arithmetic in the Greek language, is generally supposed to be + the oldest writer on the subject that has come down to our + time; but it was not from him that we received the knowledge of + algebra in Europe. It appears certain that the first knowledge + of this science in England was from Italy or Spain, after the + Moors settled in the latter country; and the Arabians and + Persians appear to have derived their arithmetical method of + computing by ten characters from the Indians: who, in their + turn, have most probably borrowed from the Chinese, and + improved on their method by the adoption of a zero, which was + one of the most important improvements effected by the Hindoos. + In China, the words ancient and modern are almost synonymous; + their usages and customs being so unchangeable, as appears by + their instrument of computation, the <i>swanpan</i>, which is + still used in all their calculations. The Oriental scholar will + find much curious and interesting information connected with + this subject in the Sanscrit <i>Vija Ganita</i> and + <i>Lilivati</i> of Bhaskara Acharya: the former was translated + into Persian at Agra, or Delhi, in 1634, and the latter by + Fyzee in 1587; but there are also English translations, all of + which are in the library of the Royal Asiatic Society. The + <i>Khalasah-ul-Hisah</i> is another work of repute in India. + Mr. Strachey wrote and printed in India, for the <i>Asiatic + Researches</i>, a valuable paper, which contains most + conclusive evidence of the Indian (if not Chinese) origin of + our numerals. See also <i>Astronomie Indienne</i>, of M. + Bailly; 2d vol. <i>Asiatic Researches</i>, "On the Astronomical + Computations of the Hindoos," by Saml. Davis; "Two + Dissertations on Indian Astronomy and Trigonometry," by + Professor Playfair, in the 2d and 4th vols. of the <i>Edinburgh + Philosophical Transactions</i>. And many others might be + referred to; but all tending to prove that our numbers came + originally from China and India, through Persia, Arabia, + Africa, Spain, and Italy, by gradual and successive changes in + form, several of them still retaining a close resemblance to + the ancient and modern Sanscrit, Chinese, Arabic, Persian, and + Hindoo numerals.</p> + + <p class="author">Henry Wilkinson.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + + <p>I send you a few Notes on Queries scattered through some of + the later numbers of your very valuable publication:</p> + + <p><i>Anonymous Ravennas</i>.—In the library of the Royal + Geographical Society, I believe there is a copy of an 8vo. + edition of that cosmography.</p> + + <p><i>Selago</i>.—This plant, I should think it probable, + is the <i>Lycopodium clavatum</i> of modern botanists; the + seeds of which, when ripe, and when the plant is struck, rise + like smoke ("fumum" of Pliny), and may have been supposed, from + their remarkable inflammability when dashed into a flame, + igniting with a sudden flash, to have possessed wonderful + virtues. The species known as <i>Lycopodium selago</i> is rare + in comparison to the other.</p> + + <p><i>Portugal</i>.—In the library of the Geographical + Society are some of the more recent works published in Lisbon + on the topography of that country, but they are generally very + meagre and unsatisfactory. In a periodical published in Lisbon + in numbers, on the plan of the <i>Penny Magazine</i>, there is + a good deal of information, with engravings, regarding many + places of interest in Portugal. I think it is called <i>The + Album</i>, but I am sorry I have not at present the power of + sending you more correct particulars concerning it. It is in + 4to.</p> + + <p>Portugal is a country that is so little travelled in either + by natives or foreigners, that information regarding places in + the interior is not easily obtained; and facilities for + travelling, as well as accommodation for travellers, is of a + very limited description.</p> + + <p><i>Sir Roger de Coverley</i>.—In one of your early + numbers was a query on this subject, which I do not think has + been yet answered. I have a MS. + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page369" + id="page369"></a>{369}</span> account of the family of + Calverley, of Calverley, in Yorkshire, an autograph of Ralph + Thoresby in the year 1717, in which occurs the following + passage:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"<i>Roger</i>, so named from the Archbishop" (of York), + "was a person of renowned hospitality, since, at this day, + the obsolete known tune of <i>Roger a Calverley</i> is + referred to him, who, according to the custom of those + times, kept his <i>minstrells</i>, from that their office + named <i>harpers</i>, which became a family and possessed + lands till late years in and about <i>Calverley</i>, called + to this day <i>Harpersroids</i> and <i>Harper's + Spring</i>.... He was a knight, and lived in the time of K. + Richard 1st. His seal, appended to one of his charters, is + large, with a chevalier on horseback."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">W. CALVERLEY TREVELYAN.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>DERIVATIONS OF "NEWS."</h3> + + <p>It is not declared with what motive "Mr. GUTCH" (No. 17. p. + 270.) has laid before the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" the + alleged derivation of N.E.W.S.</p> + + <p>It must therefore be supposed, that his object was to have + its justness and probability commented upon; and it is quite + time that they should be so, since the derivation in question + has of late become quite a favourite authoritative dictum with + etymology compilers. Thus it may be found, in the very words + and form adopted by your correspondent, in Haydn's + <i>Dictionary of Dates</i>, and in other authorities of equal + weight.</p> + + <p>This sort of initial-letter derivation was probably brought + into fashion in England by the alleged origin of "Cabal," or, + perhaps, by the many guesses at the much disputed word + "Æra." I shall take the liberty of quoting a few + sentences with reference to such etymologies, <i>as a + class</i>, which I find in an unpublished manuscript upon a + kindred subject.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Besides, such a splitting up of a word of significant + and perfect meaning in itself is always a bad and + suspicious mode of derivation.</p> + + <p>"It is generally an after-thought, suggested by some + fortuitous or fancied coincidence, that appropriateness of + which is by no means a sufficient proof of probability.</p> + + <p>"Of this there can scarcely be a better example than the + English word 'news,' which, notwithstanding the felicity of + its supposed derivation from the four cardinal points, + must, nevertheless, so long as the corresponding words + 'nova,' 'nouvelles,' &c. exist, be consigned to its + more sober and common-place origin in the adjective + '<i>new</i>.'"</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>To this it must be added that the ancient orthography of the + word <i>newes</i>, completely upsets the derivation Mr. Gutch + has brought before your readers. Hone quotes from "one Burton, + printed in 1614: 'if any one read now-a-days, it is a + play-book, or <i>a pamphlet</i> of <i>newes</i>."</p> + + <p>I had been in two minds whether or not to send this + communication, when the scale is completely turned by the + apropos occurrence of a corroboration of this latter objection + in "NOTES AND QUERIES" of this day. Mr. Rimbault mentions (at + p. 277.), "a rare black letter volume entitled <i>Newes from + Scotland</i>, 1591."</p> + + <p>Here is one more proof of the usefulness of your + publication, that I am thus enabled to strengthen the + illustration of a totally different subject by the incidental + authority of a fellow correspondent.</p> + + <p class="author">A.E.B.</p> + + <p>Leeds, March, 1850.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + + <p><i>Swot</i> is, as the querist supposes, a military cant + term, and a sufficiently vulgar one too. It originated at the + great slang-manufactory for the army, the Royal Military + College, Sandhurst. You may depend upon the following account + of it, which I had many years ago from the late Thomas + Leybourne, F.R.S., Senior Professor of Mathematics in that + college.</p> + + <p>One of the Professors, Dr. William Wallace, in addition to + his being a Scotchman, had a bald head, and an exceedingly + "broad Scotch" accent, besides a not very delicate + discrimination in the choice of his English terms relating to + social life. It happened on one hot summer's day, nearly half a + century ago, that he had been teaching a class, and had worked + himself into a considerable effusion from the skin. He took out + his handkerchief, rubbed his head and forehead violently, and + exclaimed in his Perthshire dialect,—"<i>It maks one + swot</i>." This was a God-send to the "gentlemen cadets," + wishing to achieve a notoriety as wits and slangsters; and + mathematics generally ever after became <i>swot</i>, and + mathematicians <i>swots</i>. I have often heard it + said:—"I never could do <i>swot</i> well, Sir;" and + "these dull fellows, the <i>swots</i>, can talk of nothing but + triangles and equations."</p> + + <p>I should have thought that the <i>sheer disgustingness</i> + of the idea would have shut the word out of the vocabularies of + English <i>gentlemen</i>. It remains nevertheless a standard + term in the vocabulary of an English soldier. It is well, at + all events, that future ages should know its etymology.</p> + + <p class="author">T.S.D.</p> + + <p><i>Pokership</i>, (<i>antè</i>, pp. 185. 218. 269. + 282. 323, 324.)—I am sorry to see that no progress has + yet been made towards a satisfactory explanation of this + office. I was in hopes that something better than mere + conjecture would have been supplied from the peculiar + facilities of "T.R.F." "W.H.C." (p. 323.) has done little more + than refer to the same instruments as had been already adverted + to by me in p. 269., with the new reading + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page370" + id="page370"></a>{370}</span> of <i>poulterer</i> for poker! + With repect to "T.R.F.'s" conjecture, I should be more ready + to accept it if he could produce a single example of the + word <i>pawker</i>, in the sense of a hog-warden. The + quotation from the Pipe-roll of John is founded on a + mistake. The entry occurs in other previous rolls, and is + there clearly explained to refer to the <i>porter of + Hereford Castle</i>. Thus, in Pipe 2 Hen. II. and 3 Hen. II. + we have, under Hereford,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"In liberatione portarii castelli ... 30<i>s.</i> + 5<i>d.</i>"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>In Pipe 1 Ric. I. we have,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"In liberatione constitutâ portarii de + Hereford, 30<i>s.</i> 5<i>d.</i>"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Again, in Pipe 3 Joh.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"In liberatione constitutâ portario de + Hereford, 30<i>s.</i> 5<i>d.</i>"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>A similar entry is to be found in other rolls, as well + printed as inedited. I could indulge some other criticisms on + the communication of your correspondent in Spring Gardens, but + I prefer encouraging him to make further inquiries, and to + produce from the records in his custody some more satisfactory + solution of the difficulty. In the meantime, let me refer to a + Survey of Wrigmore Castle in the Lansdowne Collection, No. 40. + fo. 82. The surveyor there reports, that the paling, rails, + &c. of the park are much decayed in many and sundry places, + and he estimates the repairs, with allowance of timber from the + wood there, "by good surveye and oversight of the <i>poker</i> + and other officers of the said parke," at 4<i>l.</i> The date + of the survey is 13 May, 1584.</p> + + <p>Comparing this notice of the office with the receiver's + accounts tempore Hen. VII. and Hen. VIII. (<i>antè</i>, + p. 269.), in which the officer is called "pocarius omnium + boscorum," I cannot doubt that his duty, or at least one of his + duties, was that of woodward, and that, as such, he assigned + timber for repair of the premises. How he came by his local + title and style of poker is a mystery on which we have all + hitherto failed to throw any light.</p> + + <p class="author">E.S.</p> + + <p><i>Vox Populi Vox Dei</i>,—about the origin of which + saying "QUÆSITOR" asks (No. 21. p. 321.),—were the + words chosen by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Simon Mepham, as + his text for the sermon which he preached when Edward III. was + called to the throne, from which the nation had pulled down his + father, Edward II. This we learn from Walsingham, who says:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Archiepiscopus verò Cantuariæ + præsenti consensit electioni, ut omnes prælati + et archiepiscopus quidem assumpto themate, <i>Vox populi + Vox Dei</i>, sermonem fecit populo, exhortans omnes ut apud + regem regum intercederent pro electo."—Tho. + Walsingham, <i>Hist. Angl.</i> ed. Camden, p. 126.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">DANIEL ROCK.</p> + + <p><i>A living Dog better than a dead Lion</i>.—I no not + know whether your correspondent (No. 22. p. 352.) ever goes to + church; but if he is not prevented by rain next St. Swithin's + day, he will learn who was the author of this proverb. It will + be a good thing, if your work should sometimes lead your + readers to search the Scriptures, and give them credit for + wisdom that has flowed from them so long, and far, and wide, + that its source is forgotten; but this is not the place for a + sermon, and I now only add, "here endeth the first lesson" + from</p> + + <p class="author">ECCLESIASTES.</p> + + <p class="note">["J.E.," "D.D.," and other correspondents, have + also replied to this Query by references to Eccl. ix. 4.]</p> + + <p><i>Curious Monumental Brass</i> (No. 16. p. 247.)—If + "RAHERE" will turn to Mr. Boutell's <i>Monumental Brasses and + Slabs</i>, p. 148., he will there find a description as well as + an engraving of what, from his account, I doubt not he will + discover to be the identical fragment to which he refers. A + foot legend, and what remains of a border inscription, is added + to it. In the above work, pp. 147 to 155, and in the Oxford + Architectural Society's <i>Manual for the Study of Brasses</i>, + p. 15., "RAHERE" will find an account and references to + numerous examples of palimpsest brasses, to which class the one + in question belongs.</p> + + <p>I presume that "RAHERE" is a young brass-rubber, or the fact + of a plate being engraved on both sides would have presented no + difficulty to him.</p> + + <p class="author">ARUN.</p> + + <p class="note">[We have received several other replies to this + Query, referring to Mr. Boutell's <i>Monumental Brasses</i>: + one from "W."; another from "A CORNISHMAN," who + says,—</p> + + <p class="note">"The brass in question, when I saw it last, had + been removed from the Rectory and placed in the tomb of Abbot + Wheathampstead, in company with the famous one of Thomas + Delamere, another Abbot of St. Albans."</p> + + <p class="note">Another from "E.V.," who states,—</p> + + <p class="note">"Other examples are found at St. Margaret's, + Rochester (where the cause of the second engraving is found to + be an error in costume in the first), St. Martins at Plain, + Norwich, Hedgerly Church, Bucks, and Burwell Church, + Cambridgeshire. Of this last, an engraving and description, by + Mr. A.W. Franks, is given in the fourteenth part of the + Publications of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society."</p> + + <p class="note">One from "WILLIAM SPARROW SIMPSON," who + says,—</p> + + <p class="note">"It is also described in the Oxford + Architectural Society's <i>Manual of Mon. Brasses</i>, No. 6. + pp. 6, 7. other examples of which occur at Rochester, Kent, and + at Cobham, Surrey. A small plate of brass, in the possession of + a friend, has on one side a group of children, and on the + reverse the uplifted hands of an earlier figure."</p> + + <p class="note">And lastly, one from "A.P.H." (to which we + cannot do ample justice, as we do not keep an engraver), from + which we extract the following passages:—</p> + + <p class="note">"A friend of mine has a shield in his + possession, taken from a slab, and which has been enamelled. It + is of late date and rudely executed. On the back is + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page371" + id="page371"></a>{371}</span> seen the hands and breast of a + small female figure, very nearly a century earlier in date. + I can also remember an inscription in Cuxton Church, Kent, + which was loose, and had another inscription on the back in + the same manner.</p> + + <p class="note">"I am very much impressed with the idea that + the destroyed brasses never had been used at all; but had been + engraved, and then, from circumstances that of course we cannot + hope to fathom, thrown on one side till the metal might be used + for some other purpose. This, I think, is a more probable, as + well as a more charitable explanation than the one usually + given of the so-called palimpsest brasses."]</p> + + <p><i>Chapels</i> (No. 20. p. 333.).—As to the origin of + the name, will you allow me to refer Mr. Gatty to Ducange's + <i>Glossary</i>, where he will find much that is to his + purpose.</p> + + <p>As to its being "a legal description," I will not undertake + to give an opinion without a fee; but I will mention a fact + which may assist him in forming one. I believe that fifty years + ago the word <i>Chapel</i> was very seldom used among those who + formed what was termed the "Dissenting Interest;" that is, the + three "denominations" of Independents, Baptists, and + Presbyterians. But I well recollect hearing, from good + authority, nearly, or quite, forty years ago, that an eminent + barrister (whom I might now describe as a late learned judge), + who was much looked up to by the dissenters as one of their + body, had particularly advised that in all trust-deeds relating + to places of dissenting worship, they should be called + "Chapels." I do not know that he assigned any reason, but I + know that the opinion was given, or communicated, to those who + had influence; and, from my own observation, I believe that + from about that time we must date the adoption of the term, + which has now been long in general use.</p> + + <p>I do not imagine that there was any idea of either + assistance or opposition to the Church of England, in the mind + of him who recommended, or those who adopted, the alteration, + or that either of them expected or sought any thing by this + measure but to obtain a greater security for property, or, + rather, to avoid some real or imagined insecurity, found or + supposed to attach to the form of description previously in + use.</p> + + <p class="author">A BARRISTER.</p> + + <p><i>Forlot, Forthlot</i> (No. 20. p. 320.).—A measure + of grain used throughout Scotland at present—query + <i>fourthlot</i>. See Jamieson's <i>Etymological Dictionary of + the Scottish Language</i>.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"<i>Firlot; Fyrlot; Furlet</i>.—A corn measure in + S., the fourth part of a boll.</p> + + <p>"Thay ordainit the boll to mat victual with, to be + devidit in foure partis, <i>videlicet</i>, foure + <i>fyrlottis</i> to contene a boll; and that <i>fyrlot</i> + not to be maid efter the first mesoure, na efter the + mesoure now usit, bot in middill mesoure betwixt the + twa."—<i>Acts Jac.</i> l. 1526. c. 80. edit. + 1566.</p> + </blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"—Ane furme, ane furlet,</p> + + <p>Ane pott, ane pek."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4">Bannatyne <i>Poems</i>, p. 159.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Skinner derives it from A.-S. <i>feower</i>, quatuor; and + <i>lot, hlot</i>, portio (the fourth part); Teut. + "<i>viertel</i>."</p> + + <p class="author">J.S.</p> + + <p><i>Loscop</i> (No. 20. p. 319).—To be "Louecope-free" + is one of the immunities granted to the Cinque Ports in their + charters of Liberties.</p> + + <p>Jeakes explains the term thus:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"The Saxon word Cope (in Low Dutch still Kope or Koope), + for trade or merchandising, makes this as much as to trade + freely for love. So that by no kind of monopoly patent, or + company or society of traders or merchants, the portsmen be + hindered from merchandising; but freely and for love, be + permitted to trade and traffick, even by such company of + merchants, whenever it shall happen their concerns lie + together."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>In my MSS., and in the print of Jeakes, it is "Louecope," + with which "Lofcope" may be readily identified; and <i>f</i> + may easily be misread for <i>s</i>, especially if the roll be + obscured.</p> + + <p>If Jeakes's etymology of the word be correct, the inference + would rather be that "Lovecope" was a tax for the goodwill of + the port at which a merchant vessel might arrive; a "port duty" + in fact, independent of "lastage" &c., chargeable upon + every trader that entered the port, whatever her cargo might + be. And the immunities granted to the portsmen were that they + should be "port duty free."</p> + + <p>I do not venture to offer this as any thing more than a mere + guess. Among your contributors there are many more learned than + myself in this branch of antiquarian lore, who will probably be + able to give a more correct interpretation, and we shall feel + obliged for any assistance that they can give us in elucidating + the question.</p> + + <p>"Lovecope" might perhaps be the designation of the + association of merchants itself, to which Jeakes alludes; and + the liberty of forming such association, with powers of + imposing port duties, may have been dependent on special grant + to any port by royal charter, such as that which forms the + subject of your correspondent's communication.</p> + + <p>After all, perhaps, "Lovecope" was the word for an + association of merchants; and "Louecope-free" is to be freed + from privileged taxation by this body.</p> + + <p class="author">L.B.L.</p> + + <p><i>Smelling of the Lamp</i> (No. 21. p. 335.).—"X." + will find the expression + Ιλλυχνιων + οζειν attributed to Pytheas by + Plutarch (<i>Vit. Demosth</i>., c. 8.).</p> + + <p class="author">J.E.B. MAYOR.</p> + + <p><i>Anglo-Saxon MS. of Orosius</i> (No. 20. p. + 313.).—It may gratify Mr. Singer to be informed that the + Lauderdale MS., formerly in the library at Ham House, is now + preserved, with several other + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page372" + id="page372"></a>{372}</span> valuable manuscripts and + books, in the library at Helmingham Hall, Suffolk, the seat + of the Tollemache family.</p> + + <p class="author">M.</p> + + <p><i>Golden Frog</i>.—Ingenious as is the suggestion of + "R.R." (No. 18. p. 282.), that Sir John Poley stuck a golden + frog in his ear from his affection for <i>tadpoles</i>, I think + "R.R.'s" "Rowley Poley" may be dismissed with the + "<i>gammon</i> and spinach" of the amorous frog to which he + alludes.</p> + + <p>Conceiving that the origin of so singular a badge could + hardly fail to be commemorated by some tradition in the family, + I have made inquiry of one of Sir John Poley's descendants, and + I regret to hear from him that "they have no authentic + tradition respecting it, but that they have always believed + that it had some connection with the service Sir John rendered + in the Low Countries, where he distinguished himself much by + his military achievements." To the Low Countries, then, the + land of frogs, we must turn for the solution of the enigma.</p> + + <p class="author">Gastras.</p> + + <p>Cambridge, March 9.</p> + + <p><i>Sword of Charles I.</i>—Mr. Planché inquires + (No. 12. p. 183.), "When did the real sword of Charles the + First's time, which, but a few years back, hung at the side of + that monarch's equestrian figure at Charing Cross, + disappear?"—It disappeared about the time of the + coronation of Her present Majesty, when some scaffolding was + erected about the statue, which afforded great facilities for + removing the rapier (for such it was); and I always understood + it found its way, by some means or other, to the Museum, so + called, of the notoriously frolicsome Captain D——, + where, in company with the wand of the Great Wizard of the + North, and other well-known articles, it was carefully labelled + and numbered, and a little account appended of the + circumstances of its acquisition and removal.</p> + + <p class="author">John Street.</p> + + <p class="note">[Surely then Burke was right, and the "Age of + Chivalry is past!"—Otherwise the idea of <i>disarming a + statue</i> would never have entered the head of any Man of + Arms, even in his most frolicsome of moods.]</p> + + <p><i>John Bull</i>.—<i>Vertue MSS.</i>—I always + fancied that the familiar name for our countrymen, about the + origin of which "R.F.H." inquires (No. 21. p. 336.), was + adopted from Swift's <i>History of John Bull</i>, first printed + in 1712; but I have no authority for saying so.</p> + + <p>If the Vertue MSS. alluded to (No. 20. p. 319.) were ever + returned by Mr. Steevens to Dr. Rawlinson, they may be in the + Bodleian Library, to which the Doctor left all his collections, + including a large mass of papers purchased by him long after + Pepys' death, as he described it, "Thus et odores + vendentibus."</p> + + <p>These "<i>Pepys</i> papers," as far as I can recollect, were + very voluminous, and relating to all sorts of subjects; but I + saw them in 1824, and had only then time to examine and extract + for publication portions of the correspondence.</p> + + <p class="author">Braybrooke.</p> + + <p>Audley End, March 25.</p> + + <p><i>Vertue's Manuscripts</i>.—The MS. quoted under this + title by Malone is printed entire, or rather all of it which + refers to plays, by Mr. Peter Cunningham, in the <i>Papers of + the Shakspeare Society</i>, vol. ii. p. 123., from an + interleaved copy of Langbaine. Since the publication of that + paper, the entries relating to Shakspeare's plays have been + given from the original MS. in the Bodleian Library, in + Halliwell's <i>Life of Shakspeare</i>, p. 272.</p> + + <p class="author">S.L.</p> + + <p><i>Vertue's MSS</i>. (No. 20. p. 319.) were in Horace + Walpole's possession, bought by him, I think, of Vertue's + widow; and his <i>Anecdotes of Painting</i> were chiefly + composed from them, as he states, with great modesty, in his + dedication and his preface. I do not see in the Strawberry-Hill + Catalogue any notice of "Vertue's MSS.," though some vols. of + his collection of engravings were sold.</p> + + <p class="author">C.</p> + + <p><i>Lines attributed to Tom Brown</i>.—In a book + entitled <i>Liber Facetiarum, being a Collection of curious and + interesting Anecdotes</i>, published at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, by + D. Akenhead & Sons, 1809, the passage attributed to Tom + Brown by your correspondent "J.T." is given to Zacharias + Boyd.</p> + + <p>The only reference given as authority for the account is the + initials H.B.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Zacharias Boyd, whose bust is to be seen over the + entrance to the Royal College in Glasgow, while Professor + in that university, translated the Old and New Testament + into Scotch Metre; and, from a laudable zeal to disseminate + religious knowledge among the lower classes of the + community, is said to have left a very considerable sum to + defray the expense of the said work, which, however, his + executors never printed."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>After a few specimens, the account goes on</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"But the highest flight of his Muse appears in the + following <i>beautiful Alexandrine</i>:</p> + </blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4">"And was not Pharaoh a saucy rascal?</p> + + <p class="i4">That would not let the children of + Israel, their wives</p> + + <p class="i4">And their little ones, their flocks and + their herds, go</p> + + <p class="i4">Out into the wilderness forty days</p> + + <p class="i16">To eat the Pascal.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4">"H.B."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Speaking of Zachariah Boyd, Granger says, (vol. ii. p. + 379.):</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"His translation of the Scripture in such uncouth verse + as to amount to burlesque, has been often quoted, and the + just fame of a benefactor to learning has been obscured by + that cloud of miserable rhymes. Candour will smile at the + foible, but applaud the man.</p> + + <p>"Macure, in his account of Glasgow, p. 223., informs us + he lived in the reign of Charles I."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">H.I.</p> + + <p>Sheffield, March 9. + 1850.</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page373" + id="page373"></a>{373}</span> + + <p><i>Passage in Frith's Works</i> (No. 20. p. 319).—This + passage should be read, as I suppose, "Ab inferiori ad suum + superius confuse distribui."</p> + + <p>It means that there would be confusion, if what is said + distributively or universally of the lower, should be applied + distributively or universally to the higher; or, in other + words, if what is said universally of a species, should be + applied universally to the genus that contains that and other + species: <i>e.g.</i>, properties that are universally found in + the human species will not be found universally in the genus + Mammalis, and universal properties of Mammalia wil not be + universal over the animal kingdom.</p> + + <p class="author">T.J.</p> + + <p><i>Martins, the Louvain Printer</i>.—Your + correspondent "W." (No. 12. p. 185.) is informed, that in + Falkenstein's <i>Geschichte der Buchdrucherkunst</i> (Leipzig, + 1840, p. 257.), Theoderich Martens, printer in Louvain and + Antwerp, is twice mentioned. I have no doubt but this is the + correct German form of the name. Mertens, by which he was also + known, may very possibly be the Flemish form. His Christian + name was also written Dierik, a short form of Dietrich, which, + in its turn, is the same as Theodorich.</p> + + <p class="author">NORTHMAN.</p> + + <p><i>Master of the Revels</i>.—"DR. RIMBAULT" states + (No. 14. p. 219.), that Solomon Dayrolle was appointed Master + of the Revels in 1744, but does not know the date of his + decease. It may be unknown to Dr. Rimbault, that Solomon + Dayrolle<i>s</i> was an intimate friend and correspondent of + the great Lord Chesterfield: the correspondence continues from + 1748 to 1755 in the selection of Chesterfield's letters to + which I am referring.</p> + + <p>Dayrolles, during all that period, held a diplomatic + appointment from this country at the Hague. See Lord + Chesterfield's letter to him of the 22d Feb. 1748, where Lord + C. suggests that by being cautious he (Dayrolles) may be put + <i>en train d'être Monsieur l'Envoye</i>.</p> + + <p>In several of the letters Chesterfield warmly and familiarly + commends his hopeful son, Mr. Stanhope, to the care and + attention of Dayrolles.</p> + + <p>I have not been able to ascertain when Dayrolles died, but + the above may lead to the discovery.</p> + + <p class="author">W.H. LAMMIN.</p> + + <p><i>French Maxim</i>.—The French saying quoted by + "R.V." is the 223rd of <i>Les Réflexions morales du Duc + de la Rochefoucauld</i> (Pougin, Paris, 1839). I feel great + pleasure in being able to answer your correspondent's query, as + I hope that my reply may be the means of introducing to his + notice one of the most delightful authors that has ever yet + written: one who deserves far more attention than he appears to + receive from general readers in this degenerate age, and from + whom many of his literary successors have borrowed some of + their brightest thoughts. I need not go far for an + illustration:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Praise undeserved, is scandal in disguise,"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>is merely a condensation of,</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Louer les princes des vertus qu'ils n'ont pas, c'est + leur dire impunément des injures."—La + Rochefoucauld, Max. 327.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>I believe that Pope marks it as a <i>translation—a + borrowed thought—not as a quotation</i>. He has just + before used the words "your Majesty;" and I think the word + "<i>scandal</i>" is employed "<i>consulto</i>," and alludes to + the offence known in English law as "scandalum magnatum." Your + correspondent will, of course, read the work in the original; + in fact, he <i>must</i> do so <i>per force</i>. A good + translation of <i>Les Maximes</i> is still a desideratum in + English literature. I have not yet seen one that could lay + claim even to the meagre title of mediocrity; although I have + spared neither time nor pains in the search. Should any of your + readers have been more fortunate, I shall feel obliged by their + referring me to it.</p> + + <p class="author">MELANION.</p> + + <p><i>Endeavour</i>.—I have just found the following + instance of "endeavour" used as an active verb, in Dryden's + translation of Maimbourg's <i>History of the League</i>, + 1684.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"On the one side the majestique House of Bourbon,... and + on the other side, that of two eminent families which + endeavour'd their own advancement by its destruction; the + one is already debas'd to the lowest degree, and the other + almost reduc'd to nothing." —p. 3.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">C. FORBES.</p> + + <p>Temple.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>MISCELLANIES.</h2> + + <p><i>Epigram by La Monnoye</i>.—It has been ingeniously + said, that "Life is an epigram, of which death is the point." + Alas for human nature! good points are rare; and no wonder, + according to this wicked, but witty,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>EPIGRAM BY LA MONNOYE.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>The world of fools has such a store,</p> + + <p class="i2">That he who would not see an ass,</p> + + <p>Must bide at home, and bolt his door,</p> + + <p class="i2">And break his looking glass.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">S.W.S.</p> + + <p>Mickleham, Dec. 10. 1849.</p> + + <p><i>Spur Money</i>.—Two or three years since, a party + of sappers and miners was stationed at Peterborough, engaged in + the trigonometrical survey, when the officer entered the + cathedral with his spurs on, and was immediately beset by the + choristers, who demanded money of him for treading the sacred + floor with armed heels. Does any one know the origin of this + singular custom? I inquired of some of the dignitaries of the + Cathedral, but they were not aware even of its existence. The + boys, however, have more tenacious memories, at least where + their interest is concerned; but we must not look to them for + the origin of a <span class="pagenum"><a name="page374" + id="page374"></a>{374}</span> custom which appears to have + long existed. In the <i>Memorials of John Ray</i>, published + by the Ray Society, p. 131., there is the following entry in + his second Itinerary:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"July the 26th, 1661, we began our journey northwards + from Cambridge, and that day, passing through Huntingdon + and Stilton, we rode as far as Peterborough twenty-five + miles. There I first heard the Cathedral service. The + choristers made us pay money for coming into the choir with + our spurs on."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">East Winch.</p> + + <p class="note">[The following note from <i>The Book of the + Court</i> will serve to illustrate the curious custom referred + to by our correspondent:</p> + + <p class="note">"In <i>The Privy Purse Expenses of King Henry + VIII.</i> edited by Sir Harris Nicolas, there occur several + entries of payments made to the choristers of Windsor 'in + rewarde for the king's spurs'; which the editor supposes to + mean 'money paid to redeem the king's spurs, which had become + the fee of the choristers at Windsor, perhaps at installations, + or at the annual celebration of St. George's feast.' No notice + of the subject occurs in Ashmole's or Anstis's <i>History of + the Order of the Garter</i>. Mr. Markland, quoting a note to + Gifford's edition of Ben Jonson, vol. ii. p. 49., says, 'In the + time of Ben Jonson, in consequence of the interruptions to + Divine Service occasioned by the ringing of the spurs worn by + persons walking and transacting business in cathedrals, and + especially in St. Paul's, a small fine was imposed on them, + called "spur-money," the exaction of which was committed to the + beadles and singing-boys.' This practice, and to which, + probably, the items in Henry's household-book bear reference, + still obtains, or, at least, did till very lately, in the + Chapel Royal and other choirs. Our informant himself claimed + the penalty, in Westminster Abbey, from Dr. Fisher, Bishop of + Rochester, and received from him an eighteenpenny bank token as + the fine. He likewise claimed the penalty from the King of + Hanover (then Duke of Cumberland), for entering the choir of + the Abbey in his spurs. But His Royal Highness, who had been + installed there, excused himself with great readiness, pleading + 'his right to wear his spurs in that church, inasmuch as it was + the place where they were first put on him!'—See further, + <i>European Mag</i>., vol. iii. p. 16."]</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>MINIMUM DE MALIS.</h3> + + <h4>(<i>From the Latin of Buchanan.</i>)</h4> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Calenus owed a single pound, which yet</p> + + <p>With all my dunning I could never get.</p> + + <p>Tired of fair words, whose falsehood I foresaw,</p> + + <p>I hied to Aulus, learned in the law.</p> + + <p>He heard my story, bade me "Never fear,</p> + + <p>There was no doubt—no case could be more + clear:—</p> + + <p>He'd do the needful in the proper place,</p> + + <p>And give his best attention to the case."</p> + + <p class="i2">And this he may have done—for it + appears</p> + + <p>To have been his business for the last ten + years,</p> + + <p>Though on his pains ten times ten pounds + bestow'd</p> + + <p>Have not regain'd that one Calenus owed.</p> + + <p class="i2">Now, fearful lest this unproductive + strife</p> + + <p>Consume at once my fortune and my life,</p> + + <p>I take the only course I can pursue,</p> + + <p>And shun my debtor and my lawyer too.</p> + + <p>I've no more hope from promises or laws,</p> + + <p>And heartily renounce both debt and cause—</p> + + <p>But if with either rogue I've more to do,</p> + + <p>I'll surely choose my debtor of the two;</p> + + <p>For though I credit not the lies he tells,</p> + + <p>At least he <i>gives</i> me what the other + <i>sells</i>.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">Rufus.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Epigram on Louis XIV.</i>—I find the following + epigram among some old papers. The emperor would be Leopold I., + the king Louis XIV.</p> + + <p><i>Epigram by the Emperor, 1666, and the King of + France.</i></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Bella fugis, sequeris bellas, pugnæque + repugnas,</p> + + <p class="i2">Et bellatori sunt tibi bella tori.</p> + + <p>Imbelles imbellis amas, totusque videris</p> + + <p class="i2">Mars ad opus Veneris, Martis ad arma + Venus.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">J.H.L.</p> + + <p><i>Macaulay's Young Levite.</i>—I met, the other day + with a rather curious confirmation of a passage in Macaulay's + <i>History of England</i>, which has been more assailed perhaps + than any other.</p> + + <p>In his character of the clergy, Macaulay says, they + frequently married domestics and retainers of great + houses—a statement which has grievously excited the wrath + of Mr. Babington and other champions. In a little book, once + very popular, first published in 1628, with the title + <i>Microcosmographie, or a Piece of the World discovered</i>, + and which is known to have been written by John Earle, after + the Restoration Bishop of Worcester and then of Salisbury, is + the following passage. It occurs in what the author calls a + character of "a young raw preacher."</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"You shall know him by his narrow velvet cape and serge + facing, and his ruffe, next his hire, the shortest thing + about him.... His friends, and much painefulnesse, may + preferre him to thirtie pounds a yeere, and this meanes, to + a chamber-maide: with whom we leave him now in the bonds of + wedlocke. Next Sunday you shall have him againe."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>The same little book contains many very curious and valuable + illustrations of contemporary manners, especially in the + universities.</p> + + <p>That the usage Macaulay refers to was not uncommon, we find + from a passage in the <i>Woman-Hater</i>, by Beaumont and + Fletcher (1607), Act III. Sc. 3.</p> + + <p>Lazarillo says,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Farewell ye courtly chaplains that be there!</p> + + <p>All good attend you! May you never more</p> + + <p>Marry your patron's lady's waiting-woman!"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">I.T.</p> + + <p>Trin. Coll. Camb., March 16. + 1850.</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page375" + id="page375"></a>{375}</span> + + <p><i>St. Martin's Lane</i>.—The first building leases of + St. Martin's Lane and the adjacent courts accidentally came + under my notice lately. They are dated in 1635 and 1636, and + were granted by the then Earl of Bedford.</p> + + <p class="author">Arun.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>CHARLES DEERING, M.D.</h3> + + <p>"Author of the Catalogue of Plants in the neighbourhood of + Nottingham. 'Catalogus Stirpium, &c., or a Catalogue of + Plants naturally growing and commonly cultivated in divers + parts of England, and especially about Nottingham,' 8vo. + Nottingh. 1738.</p> + + <p>"He was in the suite of the English ambassador to Russia, + returned and practised physic in London married unfortunately, + buried his wife, and then went to Nottingham, where he lived + several years. During his abode there he wrote a small + <i>Treatise on the Small Pocks</i>, this <i>Catalogue of + Plants</i>, and the <i>History of Nottingham</i>, the materials + for which John Plumtre, Esq. of Nottingham, was so obliging as + to assist him with. He also was paid 40<i>l.</i> by a London + bookseller for adding 20,000 words to an English dictionary. He + was master of seven languages, and in 1746 he was favoured with + a commission in the Nottinghamshire Foot, raised at that time. + Soon after died, and was buried in St. Peter's Churchyard.</p> + + <p>"William Ayscough, father of the printer of this + <i>Catalogus Stirpium</i> (G. Ayscough), in 1710, first + introduced the art of printing at Nottingham.</p> + + <p>"Mr. White was the same year the first printer at + Newcastle-upon-Tyne; and Mr. Dicey at + Northampton."—<i>MS. Note in the Copy of the Cat. + Stirpium, in the Library of the British Museum</i>.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>MISCELLANEOUS.</h2> + + <h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC.</h3> + + <p>Our advertising columns already show some of the good + results of the <i>Exhibition of the Works of Ancient and + Mediæval Art</i>. Mr. Williams announced last week his + <i>Historic Reliques</i>, to be etched by himself. Mr. Cundall + has issued proposals for <i>Choice Examples of Art + Workmanship</i>; and, lastly, we hear that an <i>Illustrated + Catalogue of the Exhibition</i>, prepared by Mr. Franks, the + zealous Honorary Secretary of the Committee, and so arranged as + to form a <i>History of Art</i>, may be expected. We mention + these for the purpose of inviting our friends to contribute to + the several editors such information as they may think likely + to increase the value of the respective works.</p> + + <p>The second edition of our able correspondent, Mr. Peter + Cunningham's <i>Handbook of London</i>, is on the eve of + publication.</p> + + <p>There are few of our readers but will be glad to learn from + the announcement in a previous column, that the edition of the + <i>Wickliffite Versions of the Scriptures</i>, upon which Sir + Frederick Madden and his fellow labourers have been engaged for + a period of twenty years, is just completed. It forms, we + believe, three quarto volumes.</p> + + <p>Messrs. Puttick and Simpson lately disposed of a most select + and interesting collection of autograph letters. We + unfortunately did not receive the catalogue in time to notice + it, which we the more regret, because, like all their + catalogues of autographs, it was drawn up with amateur-like + intelligence and care; so as to make it worth preserving as a + valuable record of materials for our history and biography.</p> + + <p>We have received the following Catalogues of + Books:—No. XXV. of Thomas Cole's (15. Great Turnstile): + No. 2. for 1850, of William Heath's (29½ Lincoln's Inn + Fields); and No. 15. of Bernard Quarritch's (16. Castle Street, + Leicester Square) Catalogue of Oriental and Foreign Books.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> + + <h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE</h4> + + <h4>(<i>In continuation of Lists in former Nos.</i>)</h4> + + <p>Mills, Rev. Isaac, of Highcleer—Account of the Life + and Conversation of, with a Sermon, 8vo., 1721.</p> + + <p>Mykur Hazem, by Marcus, London, 1846.</p> + + <p>Poems by a Bornnatural, 1849.</p> + + <h4><i>Odd Volumes</i>.</h4> + + <p>Proceedings of the Philological Society. Vol. I.</p> + + <p>Richardson's Correspondence, Vol. I. of the Six-Volume + Ed.</p> + + <p>Todd's Johnson's Dictionary, 4to., 1819. (Part X. containing + Title, Preface, &c.)</p> + + <p>Partington's British Cyclopædia—That portion of + Natural History which follows Vol. I.</p> + + <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, + <i>carriage free</i>, to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of + "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> + + <p>Burning for Treason.—Can the Correspondent who + furnished us with a curious Note upon this subject favour us + with a copy of it, the original having been accidentally + mislaid?</p> + + <p>We are again compelled, from want of space, to omit many + curious and interesting articles; and, after this statement, + must beg our kind friends at Leeds, Brompton, &c., who + complain of delay in the insertion of their communications, to + do us the favour to refer to the notice on this very subject + which appeared in our early numbers.</p> + + <p>Notes and Queries may be procured by the Trade at noon on + Friday: so that our country Subscribers ought to experience no + difficulty in receiving it regularly. Many of the country + Booksellers are probably not yet aware of this arrangement, + which enables them to receive Copies in their Saturday parcels. + Part V. is now ready.</p> + <hr class="adverts" /> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page376" + id="page376"></a>{376}</span> + + <center> + THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, + </center> + + <center> + No. CLXXII. is Published This Day. + </center> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2">CONTENTS:</p> + + <p>I. GIACOMO LEOPARDI AND HIS WRITINGS.</p> + + <p>II. RANKE'S HOUSE OF BRANDENBURG.</p> + + <p>III. QUEEN'S COLLEGE, LONDON.</p> + + <p>IV. GROTE'S HISTORY OF GREECE.</p> + + <p>V. URQUHART'S PILLARS OF HERCULES.</p> + + <p>VI. FACTS IN FIGURES.</p> + + <p>VII. THE DUTIFUL SON.</p> + + <p>VIII. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF LONDON.</p> + + <p>IX. BAXTER'S IMPRESSIONS OF EUROPE.</p> + + <p>X. LORD LIEUTENANT CLARENDON.</p> + + <p>XI. LOUIS PHILIPPE.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <center> + John Murray, Albemarle Street. + </center> + <hr /> + + <center> + NEARLY READY. + </center> + + <div class="figcenter" + style="width:50%;"> + <a href="images/376.png"><img width="100%" + src="images/376.png" + alt="CHOICE EXAMPLES OF ART WORKMANSHIP Selected from the Exhibition of ANCIENT AND MEDIÆVAL ART at the Society of Arts" /> + </a> + </div> + + <center> + A Prospectus, containing a Specimen of the Illustrations, + will be sent on receipt of two postage stamps. + </center> + + <center> + Joseph Cundall, 21. Old Bond Street. + </center> + <hr /> + + <p>MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF ANCIENT AND MODERN BOOKS.—NUMBER + FOUR is ready this day, and can be had Gratis, and sent, if + required, Postage Free. Address, John Miller, 43, Chandos + Street, Trafalgar Square. This List embraces numerous valuable + and interesting Books on English Poetry, the Drama, History, + Biography, Voyages and Travels, &c., with the works of a + few of the best Continental writers, a selection of Pictorial + Books of Scenery, Costume, Topography, and Drawing-room Table + Books.</p> + + <p>Also, on forwarding Four Postage Stamps, JOHN MILLER'S + CATALOGUE OF BOOKS FOR THE PAST QUARTER may be had stitched in + a wrapper, with a Table of Contents, showing at one glance the + range of subjects embraced, amongst which may be enumerated the + following, viz., America, Angling, Banking and Currency, Coins, + Dictionaries, Drawing-books, Games, Sports, &c., Heraldry, + Genealogy and Family History, Ireland, its History and + Literature, Kent, its History and Topography, Law, Music, its + History and Theory, Painting and the Fine Arts, Shakspeariana, + and a variety of other branches of Literature comprised in + upwards of 1500 articles.</p> + + <center> + John Miller, 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square. + </center> + <hr /> + + <p>THE ANGLO-SAXON, for April, Price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> or + 3<i>s.</i> post-free, contains England and her Colonies: County + Colonisation, with Maps—English Church + Music—Christian Architecture—London: a Poem, Essay + II.—The Alfred Medals: Three Sonnets, by Martin F. + Tupper—Anglo-Saxon Literature: the Jubilee Edition of + King Alfred's Works, with Specimens and + Translations—Wives and Mothers—Anglo-Saxon + Colonies: Victoria, Cooksland, Port Essington, + (Papua—Timor)—Original Ballads.</p> + + <p>The ANGLO-SAXON for 1849 forms a handsome volume, price One + Guinea.</p> + + <center> + London: T. Bosworth, 215. Regent Street. + </center> + <hr /> + + <p>Published every Saturday, price 3<i>d.</i>, or stamped, + 4<i>d.</i>, also in Monthly Parts. Part V. (for March), price + 1<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i>, now ready.</p> + + <p>NOTES AND QUERIES: a Medium of Inter-communication for + Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, &c.</p> + + <p>The attention of Publishers and Booksellers is particularly + requested to this Periodical as a medium for advertising. It + contains communications from the most eminent Literary Men, and + is circulated largely amongst the best class of + book-buyers.</p> + + <p>In addition to the valuable matter which will be found in + its columns, it contains notices of Book Sales, Booksellers' + Catalogues, and Lists of Books wanted to + purchase,—features which it is believed will be found + valuable to Dealers in Old Books, as well as useful to + Purchasers.</p> + + <table summary="Prices" + align="center"> + <caption> + SCALE OF PRICES. + </caption> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td align="right">£</td> + + <td><i>s.</i></td> + + <td><i>d.</i></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Six lines and under</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + + <td align="right">5</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Above six lines, per line</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + + <td align="right">6</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Half a column</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + + <td align="right">16</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Column</td> + + <td align="right">1</td> + + <td align="right">10</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Page</td> + + <td align="right">2</td> + + <td align="right">10</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + </tr> + </table> + + <p>***Advertisements must be sent by the Wednesday previous to + the Saturday on which they are intended to appear; Notes and + Queries being issued to the Trade on Friday afternoon.</p> + + <center> + OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. + </center> + + <blockquote> + <p>"As good a first number as we remember to have seen. The + Editor exhibits a phalanx of eminent assistants. * * There + can be no doubt of the value of a Literary Medium of this + peculiar kind."—<i>Athenæum</i>.</p> + + <p>"We like the plan much. * * We wish success to a + publication which promises to be agreeable, intelligent, + and useful."—<i>Literary Gazette</i>.</p> + + <p>"We feel great pleasure in welcoming into the literary + world this publication, which promises to fill up a void + that has constantly been lamented by every person engaged + in any particular branch of study that required experience + and research. * * It is a publication in which all literary + persons must feel a deep interest, and that has our + heartiest wishes for its success."—<i>Morning + Herald</i>.</p> + + <p>"This is a new periodical, with a new idea, and one that + deserves and will be sure to receive encouragement amongst + scholars and readers really deserving that appellation. * * + It is a capital idea; and every one who makes Notes or has + Queries should buy it and contribute to + it."—<i>Weekly News</i>.</p> + + <p>"That valuable publication The Notes and Queries, so + auspiciously commenced."—<i>New Bell's + Messenger</i>.</p> + + <p>"With whomsoever the idea of publishing this useful and + interesting periodical first originated, that person is + entitled to the thanks of every author, antiquary, and + scholar, in the United Kingdom. * * We recommend, in all + sincerity, The Notes and Queries to the attention of lovers + of literature in general."—<i>Morning Post</i>.</p> + </blockquote> + + <center> + London: George Bell, 186. Fleet Street. + </center> + <hr /> + + <center> + Just Published, Parts 13 and 14, imperial quarto. Price + 3<i>s.</i> each, tinted 4<i>s.</i> + </center> + + <p>RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE, from Drawings by + John Johnson, Architect, F.S.A., Lithographed by Alfred + Newman.</p> + + <p>Contents, Part 13:—Hawton Church; Notts.—St. + Mary's, Stamford—Aldwinkle, All Saints, + Northamptonshire-Wellingborough Church, Northamptonshire.</p> + + <p>Part 14—Skelton Church, from the South-East and + South-West—Rye House, Herts.—Holbeach Church, + Lincolnshire.</p> + + <p>This Work is intended to embrace a series of examples of + Ecclesiastical, Collegiate, and Domestic Architecture. It will + be completed in Twenty Monthly Parts, price 3<i>s.</i> each, + tinted 4<i>s.</i></p> + + <center> + London: George Bell, 186. Fleet Street. + </center> + <hr /> + + <center> + Preparing for immediate Publication, in 2 vols. small + octavo. + </center> + + <p>THE FOLK-LORE OF ENGLAND. By William J. Thoms, F.S.A., + Secretary of the Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose + Romances," "Lays and Legends of all Nations," &c. One + object of the present work is to furnish new contributions to + the History of our National Folk-Lore; and especially some of + the more striking illustrations of the subject to be found in + the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental + Antiquaries.</p> + + <p>Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable + Customs and Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are + earnestly solicited, and will be thankfully acknowledged by the + Editor. They may be addressed to the care of Mr. Bell, Office + of "Notes and Queries," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote1" + name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote + 1:</b><a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + + <p>The best account, because the most consistent and + intelligible, of the Greek arithmetic, is that by Delambre, + affixed to Peyraud's edition of Archimedes.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote2" + name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote + 2:</b><a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + + <p>At a period of leisure I may be tempted to send you a + few extracts, somewhat curious, from some of the papers of + Mr. Strachey in my possession.</p> + </blockquote> + <hr class="full" /> + + <p>Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8. New Street Square, + at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the + City of London; and published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet + Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in The West, in the City + of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street + aforesaid.—Saturday, April 6, 1850.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries 1850.04.06, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES 1850.04.06 *** + +***** This file should be named 12505-h.htm or 12505-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/2/5/0/12505/ + +Produced by Jon Ingram, William Flis, and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. With thanks to Internet Library of Early Journals. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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Collier</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page364">364</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Sword called Curtana, by E.F. + Rimbault, LL.D.</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page364">364</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Is the Dombec the Domesday of Alfred? + by George Munford</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page365">365</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Minor Queries:—Wickliffite + Versions of the Scriptures—Gloves—Law + Courts at St. Alban's—Milton + Pedigree—Sapcote Motto—Scala Coeli, + &c.</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page366">366</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">The Arabic Numerals and Cipher</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page367">367</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Replies to Minor Queries, by Sir W.C. + Trevelyan</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page368">368</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Derivation of "News"</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page369">369</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Replies to Minor + Queries:—Swot—Pokership—Vox + Populi—Living Dog better than dead + Lion—Curious Monumental + Brasses—Chapels—Forthlot—Loscop— + Smelling of the Lamp—Anglo-Saxon MS. of + Orosius—Golden Frog—Sword of Charles + I.—John Bull—Vertue MSS.—Lines + attributed to Tom Brown, &c.</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page369">369</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">MISCELLANIES:—</td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Epigram by La Monnoye—Spur + Money—Minimum de Malls—Epigram on Louis + XIV.—Macaulay's Young Levite—St. Martin's + Lane—Charles Deering, M.D.</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page373">373</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, + &c.</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page375">375</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes wanted</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page375">375</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page375">375</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Advertisements</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page376">376</a></td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr /> + + <h3>PERIPLUS OF HANNO THE CARTHAGINIAN.</h3> + + <p>I am not sufficiently Quixotic to attempt a defence of the + Carthaginians on the western coast of Africa, or any where + else, but I submit that the accusation brought against them by + Mr. S. Bannister, formerly Attorney-General of New South Wales, + is not sustained by the only record we possess of Hanno's + colonising expedition. That gentleman, in his learned + <i>Records of British Enterprise beyond Sea</i>, just + published, says, in a note, p. xlvii.:—</p> + + <p>"The first nomade tribe they reached was friendly, and + furnished Hanno with <i>interpreters</i>. At length they + discovered a nation <i>whose language was unknown to the + interpreters</i>. These strangers they attempted to seize; and, + upon their resistance, they took three of the women, whom they + put to death, and carried their skins to Carthage" (<i>Geogr. + Græci Minores</i>, Paris, 1826, p. 115.).</p> + + <p>Hanno obtained interpreters from a people who dwelt on the + banks of a large river, called the Lixus, and supposed to be + the modern St. Cyprian. Having sailed thence for several days, + and touched at different places, planting a colony in one of + them, he came to a mountainous country inhabited by savages, + who wore skins of wild beasts, + δερματα + θηρεια + ενημμενων. At a + distance of twelve days' sail he came to some Ethiopians, who + could not endure the Carthaginians, and who spoke + unintelligibly even to the Lixite interpreters. These are the + people whose women, Mr. Bannister says, they killed. Hanno + sailed from this inhospitable coast fifteen days, and came to a + gulf which he calls Νοτου + Κερα, or South Horn.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Here," says the Dr. Hawkesworth, of Carthage, "in the + gulf, was an island, like the former, containing a lake, + and in this another island, full of wild men; but the women + were much more numerous, <i>with hairy bodies</i> + (δασειαι + τοισ + σωμασιν), whom the + interpreters called + γοριλλασ. + We pursued the men, who, flying to precipices, defended + themselves with stones, and could not be taken. Three + women, who bit and scratched their leaders, would not + follow them. Having killed them, we brought their skins to + Carthage."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>He does not so much as intimate that the creatures who so + defended themselves with stones, or those whose bodies were + covered with hair, spoke any language. Nothing but the words + ανθρωποι + αγριοι and + γυναικεσ can + lead us to believe that they were human beings at all; while + the description of the behaviour of the men, and the bodies of + the women, is not repugnant to the supposition that they were + large apes, baboons, or orang-outangs, common to this part of + Africa. At all events, the voyagers do not say that they flayed + a people having the faculty of speech.</p> + + <p>It is not, however, improbable that the Carthaginians were + severe taskmasters of the people whom they subdued. Such I + understand those to have been who opened the British tin mines, + and who, according to Diodorus Siculus, excessively overworked + the wretches who toiled for them, "wasting their bodies + underground, and dying, <span class="pagenum"><a name="page362" + id="page362"></a>{362}</span> many a one, through extremity + of suffering, while others perished under the lashes of the + overseer." (<i>Bibl. Hist.</i> l. v. c. 38.)</p> + + <p class="author">R.T. Hampson.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>POPE VINDICATED.</h3> + + <p>"P.C.S.S." is too great an admirer of Pope not to seek to + vindicate him from one, at least, of the blunders attributed to + him by Mr. D. Stevens, at p. 331. of the "Notes and + Queries."</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Singed are his <i>brows</i>, the scorching + <i>lids</i> grow black."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Now, if Mr. S. will refer to Homer, he will find that the + original fully justifies the use of "brows" and "lids" in the + <i>plural</i>. It runs thus (<i>Od.</i> ix. v. 389.):</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Παντα δε + υι + βλεφαρ + αμφι και + οφρυασ + ευσεν + αυτμη."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"P.C.S.S." wishes that he could equally remove from Pope the + charge of inaccuracy respecting the <i>three</i> cannibal meals + of Polyphemus. He fears that nothing can be alleged to impugn + Mr. Stevens's perfectly just criticism.</p> + + <p>While on the subject of Pope, "P.C.S.S." would wish to + advert to a communication (No. 16. p. 246.) in which it is + insinuated that Pope was probably indebted to Petronius Arbiter + for the well-known passage—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Worth makes the man, and want of it the fellow;</p> + + <p>The rest is all but leather and prunella."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>With all respect for the ingenious author of that + communication, "P.C.S.S." confesses that he is unable to + discover such a similitude of expression as might warrant the + notion that Pope had been a borrower from Petronius. He cannot + suppose that Mr. F. could have been led away by any supposed + analogy between <i>corium</i> and <i>coricillum</i>. The + latter, Mr. F. must know, is nothing more than a diminutive of + a diminutive (coricillum, <i>not</i> corcillum, from corculum); + and the word is coined by Petronius to ridicule one of the + affectations of Trimalchio (Nero), who was wont to indulge, to + an absurd extent, in the use of such diminutives (<i>vide</i> + Burmann, <i>in loco</i>). "P.C.S.S." will now subjoin such + translations of the passage in question as he has hitherto had + opportunities of referring to. The first is from <i>The Works + of Petronius Arbiter, translated by several hands</i>, Lond. + 8vo. 4th edit. 1714. At the beginning of the translation itself + there is this heading—"Made English by Mr. Wilson, of the + Middle Temple, and several others." The passage in question is + thus rendered:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Come, my friends, let us see how merry you can be! for + in my time, I have been no better than yourselves; but, by + my own industry, I am what I am. <i>'Tis the heart makes + the man</i>; all the rest is but stuff!"</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>In another translation, which, with Grub-Street audacity, + the publisher, in his title-passage, presumes to attribute to + Addison! and which appeared in 1736 (Lond. 8vo.), the passage + is as follows:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"I was once as you are: but now, thanks to my industry, + I am what I am. <i>It is the heart that makes the man</i>; + all the rest is but stuff!"</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Be the translator who he may, this version, so impudently + ascribed to the moral Addison, is written with much spirit and + power, and with a remarkable comprehension of the author's + meaning. Some of the poetical fragments at the end are, indeed, + singularly well done.</p> + + <p>Of the two French versions which "P.C.S.S." has examined, + the one by Levaur (Paris, 8vo. 1726) thus translates the + passage:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Je vous prie, mes amis ... <i>C'est le coeur qui fait + les hommes; je compte le reste pour un + fétu</i>."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>In that of Boispreaux (Lond. 1742), it is simply + rendered—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Mon sçavoir faire m'a tiré du pair. + <i>C'est le coeur qui fait l'homme</i> ..."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>No attempt is made to translate the <i>quisquilia</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">P.C.S.S.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>"THE SUPPER OF THE LORDE."</h3> + + <p>I shall be glad to find that your correspondent "C.H." (No. + 21. p. 333.) receives a satisfactory answer to his inquiry, as + such a reply would also satisfy my earlier query, No. 7. p. + 109. I perceive, however, from his letter, that I can give him + some information on other points noticed in it, though the + absence of papers now passing through the press with the Parker + Society's reprint of a third volume of Tyndale, will prevent my + replying with such precision as I could wish. That ancient + tract on "The Supper of the Lorde, after the true meanyng of + the sixte of John," &c., of which "C.H." says he possesses + a copy, was reprinted at different intervals with the same + date, viz., MCCCCCXXXIII, Apryll v., on its title-page. The + original edition has a final colophon, stating that it was + "imprinted at Nornberg, by Nielas Twonson," and is so rare, + that I have not been able to discover the existence of any + copy, but one recently deposited in the Bodleian. That "C.H.'s" + copy is not a specimen of that first edition, is apparent from + two circumstances. The first is, that he has given you a + quotation from his copy as follows:—"And as for M. More, + whom the verity most offendeth, and doth but mocke it," whereas + the original edition has, "And as for M. Mocke," &c., and + Sir Thomas More notices this mockage of his name in his reply. + The next is, that his copy contains "Crowley's Epistle to the + Reader," which does not appear in any edition of an earlier + date than 1551. When first attached to this treatise, the + epistle was anonymous, as may be seen in the Lambeth copy; but + Crowley eventually <span class="pagenum"><a name="page363" + id="page363"></a>{363}</span> affixed his name to the + epistle, as it appears in "C.H.'s" and in other copies. + Robert Crowley was a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; + vicar of St. Giles, Cripplegate; a printer and publisher; + but to his singular combination of titles, we cannot add + that of author of the treatise in question. "C.H." has seen + that he did not enter Oxford till 1534; and in his Prefatory + Epistle, Crowley speaks of the author of the treatise as a + person distinct from himself.</p> + + <p>I do not wish, however, to be considered as positively + affirming the treatise to be Tyndale's. Foxe, the + martyrologist, edited Tyndale's works for Day, and he has only + said that this treatise was "compiled, as some do gather, by M. + Wm. Tyndale, because the method and phrase agree with his, and + the time of writing are [sic] concurrent." On the other hand, + the authorship is unhesitatingly assigned to Tyndale by Mr. C. + Anderson (<i>Annals of the English Bible</i>, §ix. <i>ad + finem</i>), and by Mr. Geo. Offer (<i>Mem. of Tyndale</i>, p. + 30.), the two most pains-taking and best informants as to his + works. But still there are objections of such force, that I + must confess myself rather inclined to attribute the treatise + to Joy's pen, if I could but be satisfied that he was capable + of writing so correctly, and of keeping so clear of vulgarity + in a controversy with a popish persecutor.</p> + + <p class="author">H.W.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + <p><i>Palm Sunday Wind</i>.—It is a common idea among + many of the farmers and labourers of this immediate + neighbourhood, that, from whatever quarter the wind blows for + the most part on Palm Sunday, it will continue to blow from the + same quarter for the most part during the ensuing summer.</p> + + <p>Is this notion prevalent in other parts of the country, as a + piece of "Folk-Lore?"</p> + + <p class="author">R.V.</p> + + <p>Winchester, March 26.</p> + + <p><i>Curious Symbolical Custom</i>.—On Saturday last I + married a couple in the parish church. An old woman, an aunt of + the bridegroom, displeased at the marriage, stood at the church + gate and pronounced an anathema on the married pair. She then + bought a new broom, went home, swept her house, and hung the + broom over the door. By this she intimated her rejection of her + nephew, and forbade him to enter her house. Is this a known + custom? What is its origin?</p> + + <p class="author">H. Morland Austen.</p> + + <p>St. Peter's, Thanet, March 25. 1850.</p> + + <p><i>The Wild Huntsman</i>.—The interesting + contributions of your correspondent "Seleucus," on "Folk Lore," + brought to my recollection the "Wild Huntsman" of the German + poet, Tieck; of whose verses on that superstitious belief, + still current among the imaginative peasantry of Germany, I + send you a translation, <i>done into English</i> many years + ago. The Welsh dogs of Annwn, or "couriers of the + air"—the spirit-hounds who hunt the souls of the + dead—are part of that popular belief existing among all + nations, which delivers up the noon of night to ungracious + influences, that "fade on the crowing of the cock."</p> + + <h4>"THE WILD HUNTSMAN.</h4> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"At the dead of the night the Wild Huntsman + awakes,</p> + + <p>In the deepest recess of the dark forest's + brakes;</p> + + <p>He lists to the storm, and arises in scorn.</p> + + <p>He summons his hounds with his far-sounding + horn;</p> + + <p>He mounts his black steed; like the lightning they + fly</p> + + <p>And sweep the hush'd forest with snort and with + cry.</p> + + <p>Loud neighs his black courser; hark his horn, how + 'tis swelling!</p> + + <p>He chases his comrades, his hounds wildly + yelling.</p> + + <p>Speed along! speed along! for the race is all + ours;</p> + + <p>Speed along! speed along! while the midnight still + lours;</p> + + <p>The spirits of darkness will chase him in scorn,</p> + + <p>Who dreads our wild howl, and the shriek of our + horn,</p> + + <p>Thus yelling and belling they sweep on the wind,</p> + + <p>The dread of the pious and reverent mind:</p> + + <p>But all who roam gladly in forests, by night,</p> + + <p>This conflict of spirits will strangely + delight."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">J.M.</p> + + <p>Oxford, March 13.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>ON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. VI.</h3> + + <p>In the union of scholarship, polished manners, and + amiability of character, we have had few men to surpass the + reverend Joseph Spence. His career was suitable to his deserts. + He was fortunate in his connections, fortunate in his + appointments, and fortunate in his share of fame.</p> + + <p>His fame, however, is somewhat diminished. His <i>Essay on + the Odyssey</i>, which procured him the friendship of Pope, has + ceased to be in request; his <i>Polymetis</i>, once the + ornament of every choice library, has been superseded by the + publications of Millin and Smith; his poems are only to be met + with in the collections of Dodsley and Nichols. If we now dwell + with pleasure on his name, it is chiefly as a recorder of the + sayings of others—it is on account of his assiduity in + making <i>notes!</i> I allude to the volume entitled + <i>Anecdotes, observations, and characters of books and + men</i>, which was edited by my friend Mr. Singer, with his + wonted care and ability in 1820.</p> + + <p>The <i>Essay on the Odyssey</i> was first published + anonymously in 1726-7. It was reprinted in 1737 and 1747. A + copy of the latter edition, now in my possession, contains this + curious note:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"It is remarkable that of twelve passages objected to in + this critique on the English Odyssey, <i>two</i> only are + found in those books which were translated by Pope.</p> + + <p>"From Mr. Langton, who had his information from Mr. + Spence.</p> + + <p>"When Spence carried his preface to Gorboduc in + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page364" + id="page364"></a>{364}</span> 1736 to Pope, he asked him + his opinion. Pope said 'It would do very well; there was + nothing <i>pert</i> or <i>low</i> in it.' Spence was + satisfied with this praise, which however, was in + implied censure on all his other writings.—He is + very fond of the familiar vulgarisms of common talk, and + is the very reverse of Dr. Johnson.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>"E.M." [Edmond Malone.]</p> + + <p>The note is not signed at length, but there can be no doubt + as to its authorship, as I purchased the volume which contains + it at the sale of the unreserved books of Mr. Malone in + 1818.</p> + + <p class="author">Bolton Corney.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>QUERIES.</h2> + + <h3>NICHOLAS BRETON'S "CROSSING OF PROVERBS."</h3> + + <p>Although my query respecting William Basse and his poem, + "Great Britain's Sun's Set," (No. 13. p. 200), produced no + positive information touching that production, it gave an + opportunity to some of your correspondents to communicate + valuable intelligence relating to the author and to other works + by him, for which I, for one, was very much obliged. If I did + not obtain exactly what I wanted, I obtained something that + hereafter may be extremely useful; and that I could not, + perhaps, have obtained in any other way than through the medium + of your pleasant and welcome periodical.</p> + + <p>I am now, therefore, about to put a question regarding + another writer of more celebrity and ability. Among our early + pamphleteers, there was certainly none more voluminous than + Nicholas Breton, who began writing in 1575, and did not lay + down his pen until late in the reign of James I. A list of his + pieces (by no means complete, but the fullest that has been + compiled) may be seen in Lowndes's <i>Bibl. Manual</i>; it + includes several not by Breton, among them Sir Philip Sidney's + <i>Ourania</i>, 1606, which in fact is by a person of the name + Backster; and it omits the one to which my present + communication refers, and regarding which I am at some + loss.</p> + + <p>In the late Mr. Heber's <i>Catalogue</i>, part iv. p. 10., I + read as follows, under the name of Nicholas Breton:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Crossing of Proverbs. The Second Part, with certaine + briefe Questions and Answeres, by N.B., Gent. Extremely + rare and very curious, <i>but imperfect</i>. It appears to + contain a portion of the first part, and also of the + second; but it appears to be unknown."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Into whose hands this fragment devolved I know not; and that + is one point I am anxious to ascertain, because I have another + fragment, which consists of what is evidently the first sheet + of the first part of the tract in question, with the following + title-page, which I quote <i>totidem literis</i>:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Crossing of Proverbs. Crosse-Answeres. And + Crosse-Humours. By B.N., Gent. At London, Printed for John + Wright, and are to be solde at his Shop without Newgate, at + the signe of the Bible, 1616."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>It is in 8vo., as Heber's fragment appears to have been; but + then the initials of the author are given as N.B., whereas in + my fragment they stand B.N., a usual inversion with Nicholas + Breton; the brief address "To the Reader" is also subscribed + B.N.; and then begins the body of the work, thus headed: + "Crosse and Pile, or, Crossing of Proverbs." It opens as + follows:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"<i>Proverb</i>. The more the merrier.</p> + + <p><i>Cross</i>. Not so; one hand is enough in a + purse.</p> + + <p><i>P.</i> Every man loves himselfe best.</p> + + <p><i>C.</i> Not so, when man is undone by + suretyship.</p> + + <p><i>P.</i> He that runnes fastest gets most + ground.</p> + + <p><i>C.</i> Not so, for then foote-men would have more + land than their masters.</p> + + <p><i>P.</i> He runnes far that never turnes.</p> + + <p><i>C.</i> Not so, he may breake his necke in a short + course.</p> + + <p><i>P.</i> No man can call againe yesterday.</p> + + <p><i>C.</i> Yes, hee may call till his heart ake, + though it never come.</p> + + <p><i>P.</i> Had I wist was a foole.</p> + + <p><i>C.</i> No, he was a foole that said so."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>And so it proceeds, not without humour and point, here and + there borrowing from known sources, as in the + following:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"<i>Proverb.</i> The world is a long journey.</p> + + <p><i>Cros.</i> Not so, the sunne goes it every + day.</p> + + <p><i>P.</i> It is a great way to the bottom of the + sea.</p> + + <p><i>C.</i> Not so, it is but a stone's cast."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>However, my object is not to give specimens of the + production further than are necessary for its identification. + My queries are, 1st, Who bought Mr. Heber's fragment, and where + is it now to be found? 2nd, Are any of your correspondents + aware of the existence of a perfect copy of the work?</p> + + <p>I naturally take a peculiar interest about Nicholas Breton, + because I have in my possession an unknown collection of + amatory and pastoral poems by him, printed in quarto in 1604, + in matter and measure obvious imitations of productions in "The + Passionate Pilgrim," 1599, imputed to Shakespeare, and some of + which are unquestionably by Richard Barnfield.</p> + + <p>Any new information regarding Breton and his works will be + most acceptable to me. I am already in possession of undoubted + proof that he was the Nicholas Breton whose epitaph is on the + chancel-wall of the church of Norton, in Northamptonshire, a + point Ritson seems to have questioned.</p> + + <p class="author">J. Payne Collier.</p> + + <p>March 30. 1850.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>THE SWORD CALLED CURTANA.</h3> + + <p>In the wardrobe account for the year 1483, are "iij swerdes, + whereof oon with a flat poynte, + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page365" + id="page365"></a>{365}</span> called <i>curtana</i>, and ij + other swords, all iij swords covered in a yerde di of + crymysym tisshue cloth of gold."</p> + + <p>The name of <i>curtana</i> for many ages continued to be + given to the first royal sword in England. It existed as long + ago as the reign of Henry III., at whose coronation (A.D. 1236) + it was carried by the Earl of Chester. We find it at the + coronations of Edward II. and Richard II.; also in the time of + Henry IV., Richard III., and Henry VII.; and among the royal + arms of Edward VI. we read of "a swerde called + <i>curtana</i>."</p> + + <p>Can any of your readers explain the origin of the name + <i>curtana</i>, a sword so famous that it carries us back to + the days of ancient chivalry, when it was wielded by the Dane + <i>Uggiero</i>, or by the still more famed <i>Orlando</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">Edward F. Rimbault.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>IS THE DOMBEC THE DOMESDAY OF ALFRED?</h3> + + <p>I beg to propose the following "Query":—Is the + <i>Dombec</i>, a work referred to in the Laws of Edward the + Elder, the same as what has been called the Domesday or + Winchester Book of Alfred the Great? I incline to think that it + is not, and shall be much obliged to any of your + correspondents, learned in the Anglo-Saxon period of our + history, who will give himself the trouble of resolving my + doubts.</p> + + <p>Sir Henry Spelman, in his Glossary <i>voce Dombec</i>, calls + it the <i>Liber Judicialis</i> of the Anglo-Saxons; and says it + is mentioned in the first chapter of the laws of Edward the + Elder, where the king directs his judges to conduct themselves + in their judicial proceedings as on [Old English: thaere dom + bec stand], that is, as <i>is enjoined in their Dome + Book</i>.—"Quod," he continues, "an de præcedentium + Regum legibus quæ hodie extant, intelligendum sit: an de + alio quopiam libro hactenus non prodeunte, incertum est."</p> + + <p>But this uncertainty does not seem to have attached itself + to the mind of Sir William Blackstone; for in the third section + of the Introduction prefixed to his <i>Commentaries on the Laws + of England</i>, he informs us that our antiquaries "tell us + that in the time of Alfred, the local customs of the several + provinces of the kingdom were grown so various, that he found + it expedient to compile his <i>Dome Book</i>, or <i>Liber + Judicialis</i>, for the general use of the whole kingdom." This + book is said to have been extant so late as the reign of King + Edward IV., but is now unfortunately lost. It contained, we may + probably suppose, the principal maxims of the common law, the + penalties for misdemeanors, and the forms of judicial + proceedings. Thus much may be at least collected from that + injunction to observe it, which we find in the Laws of King + Edward the Elder, the son of Alfred.—"<i>Omnibus qui + reipublicæ præsunt etiam atque etiam mando, ut + omnibus æquos se præbeant judices, perinde ac in + judiciali libro</i> (Saxonice, [Old English: dom bec]) + <i>scriptum habetur: nec quidquid formident quin jus + commune</i> (Saxonice, [Old English: folcrihte]) <i>audactes + libereque dicant.</i>"</p> + + <p>But notwithstanding this, it appears to me by no means + conclusive, that the <i>Dombec</i> referred to in the Laws of + Edward the Elder and the <i>Liber Judicialis</i> of Alfred are + the same; on the contrary, Alfred's <i>Liber Judicialis</i> + seems to have been known not under the name of <i>Dombec</i>, + but under that of the <i>Winchester Roll</i>, from the + circumstance of its having been principally kept at Winchester: + and Sir Henry Spelman says, the Domesday Book of William the + Conqueror was sometimes called <i>Rotulus Wintoniæ, a + similitudine antiquoris</i>, from its resemblance to an older + document preserved at Winchester. And he quotes Ingulphus Abbot + of Croyland, who says, "Iste rotulus (<i>i.e.</i> the Domesday + Book of William) vocatus est Rotulus Wintoniæ, et ab + Anglicis pro sua generalitate, omnia tenementa totius + terræ integre continente <i>Domesday</i> cognominatur." + And the he proceeds, "Talem rotulum et multum similem; ediderat + quondam Rex Alfredus, in quo totam terram Angliæ per + comitatus, centurias, et decurias descripserat, sicut + prænotatur. Qui quidem Rotulus Wintoniæ vocatus + est, quia deponebatur apud Wintoniam conservandus," &c.</p> + + <p>Here is nothing said of this work being called [Old English: + dom bec]: neither does Spelman, in his enumeration of the works + of Alfred, give the least intimation that any one of his + collections of laws was called [Old English: dom bec].</p> + + <p>We know, indeed, that Alfred compiled a code of laws for his + subjects; but whether any part of them has been preserved, or + how much of them is embodied in subsequent codes, cannot now be + determined. Asser mentions that he frequently reprimanded the + judges for wrong judgments; and Spelman, that he wrote "a book + against unjust magistrates," but any complete body of laws, if + such was ever framed by Alfred, is now lost; and that + attributed to him in Wilkin's <i>Leges Anglo-Saxon</i>, is held + in suspicion by most writers.</p> + + <p>For these reasons, and considering that Sir William + Blackstone's knowledge of English history was rather + superficial, I incline to the belief, that the [Old English: + dom bec] referred to in the laws of Edward the Elder, was some + collection of laws made <i>prior</i> to the time of Alfred: + this might clearly be the case, as Sharon Turner informs us + that the Saxon laws were committed to writing as early as the + commencement of the 7th century.</p> + + <p>The opinions of your learned correspondents on this disputed + point may be of much interest to many of your readers, and to + none more than to</p> + + <p class="author">George Munford.</p> + + <p>East Winch.</p> + <hr /> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page366" + id="page366"></a>{366}</span> + + <h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + + <p><i>MSS. of the Wycliffite Translations of the + Scriptures</i>.—The Add. MS. 15,521., in the British + Museum, contains a copy of Lewis's edition of the <i>Wycliffite + New Testament</i>, printed in 1731, with manuscript notes by + Ames and Lewis, and the former has transcribed into it some + <i>additional prologues</i>, prefixed to each book of the New + Testament, which had not been printed by Lewis, and were taken + by Ames from a MS. of the New Testament, written in 1424, and + in 1731 in the possession of Thomas Granger. It would be very + desirable to learn what became of this MS. subsequently. + Granger died in the following year, but the MS. does not appear + in the sale catalogue of his library, nor is it found in the + catalogue of Ames's own library, dispersed in 1760. Any + information relative to this remarkable copy of the New + Testament, would be very acceptable to the Editors of the + <i>Wycliffite Versions of the Scriptures</i>, who are now, + after a literary labour of more than twenty years, about to + bring the work to a conclusion. They would also feel much + obliged by the communication of any notices of MSS. of the + Wycliffite versions, <i>existing in private hands</i>, + exclusive of those copies of which they already possess + descriptions, existing in the libraries of the following + individuals:—Mrs. Allanson of Farn, Flintshire, the Earl + of Ashburnham, Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart., Sir Peregrine + Ackland, Bart., Sir David Dundas, H.M. Judge Advocate, Dr. + Cardwell, Principal of St. Alban's Hall, Oxford, and Thomas + Bannister, Esq.</p> + + <p class="author">F. Madden.</p> + + <p>British Museum, March 28.</p> + + <p><i>Why are Gloves not worn before Royalty?</i>—Can any + of your readers inform me what is the origin of the custom + observed at Court, of persons in the royal presence not wearing + gloves? Is it a matter of pure etiquette, or does the + observance of it derive its origins from barbarous times, when + chivalry was little else than barbarism in armour?</p> + + <p class="author">F.E.</p> + + <p><i>Law Courts at St. Albans</i>.—Can any of your + correspondents give me the reference to a communication in the + <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> (between, I think, the years 1815 + and 1836), in which a passage in Massinger, which alludes to + lawyers going to St. Albans, is illustrated by an inscription + in the nave of St. Alban's Abbey Church, which records that the + courts were held there on account of the sweating-sickness in + the reign of Elizabeth?</p> + + <p class="author">Σ.</p> + + <p><i>Richard Haley, or Hales.—Milton + Pedigree</i>.—I should feel obliged by any particulars + respecting Richard Haley, or Hales, of Idlestreete, otherwise + Ilstreyd, in com. Hertford, yeoman; my object being to + ascertain the nature of some transaction he had with Milton, in + July 1674, referred to in a bond which the former executed, + dated the 27th of that month, for performance of the covenants + contained in an indenture of even date.</p> + + <p>Is any thing known of Richard Milton, who signs his name as + the attesting witness to the releases given by two of the + poet's daughters for their share of his estate? Is there any + pedigree of the family of Sir Christopher Milton, the poet's + brother, drawn up with sufficient apparent accuracy to exclude + the probability of Richard Milton being his son? I have + referred to the pedigree in the British Museum (Harl. MS. 5802. + fo. 19b.), which makes no mention of the letter; but it is + evidently so imperfect a notice, as to be of little authority + one way or other.</p> + + <p class="author">J.F.M.</p> + + <p><i>Sapcote Motto</i>.—Over the old gatehouse of Elton, + co. Hunts., built by the family of Sapcote, is their coat of + arms, namely, "three dove-cotes;" and upon a scroll, + surrounding the lower part of the shield, is carved a motto, + evidently French, and as evidently cut by a person ignorant of + that language. So far as I can decypher it, the letters appear + to be</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>sco toot X vinic [or umic]</p> + + <p>X poncs.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Possibly the first and last letters <i>s</i> are only + flourishes. I shall be glad of any suggestion as to its + meaning.</p> + + <p>I have not been able to find the Sapcote motto on record; + and I believe the Carysfoot family, the possessors of Elton, + and the Duke of Bedford, the heir in blood, to be ignorant of + what this scroll is intended to represent.</p> + + <p class="author">Erminois.</p> + + <p>Athenæum Club.</p> + + <p><i>Scala Coeli</i>.—In a will, dated 12 Hen. VIII., + the testator directs that there shall be four trentals of Saint + Gregory said for his soul at London at "Scala Coeli." Can any + of your readers explain what place is meant by "Scala + Coeli?"</p> + + <p class="author">A Subscriber.</p> + + <p><i>Illustrations of Gresset's "Vert Vert," painted on + Enamel, &c.</i>—In a Paris edition of Gresset's Works + (Janet et Cotelle, 1823), in the preface is the following + passage.—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Vert-vert fut bientôt dans toutes les mains. Le + suffrage de la multitude se joignit à celui des + connoisseurs; la mode, qui est aussi en possession de + donner son suffrage, s'empressa de parer les ajustemens + d'invention récente, du nom de l'illustre perroquet; + <i>les vases d'ornement, les vases usuels</i> qui sortoient + des fabriques françoises, retraçoient presque + tous quelques épisodes du petit poëme. Un + artist dont le nom est venu jusqu'à nous, Raux, en + <i>peignit sur émail les sujets les plus + marquants</i>; et tandis qu'on faisoit passer dans une + version latine les vers élégants du + poëte jésuite, M. Bertin, ministre + d'état, le gratifioit d'un magnifique <i>cabaret</i> + de Sèvres, dont toutes les pièces + reproduisoient les aventures de son héros, ce qui + fit dire à Gresset, <i>qu'on le traduisoit aussi en + porcelaine de Sèvres</i>."</p> + </blockquote><span class="pagenum"><a name="page367" + id="page367"></a>{367}</span> + + <p>The <i>Query</i> I wish to make is, Have any of these + illustrations or designs from Gresset's poem of Vert-vert, + painted on enamel china, or earthenware of any sort, of French + or any other manufacture, come to light of late years? or more + lately still, among the articles that have been dispersed among + various buyers of almost all nations, in the sales within these + few weeks effected at Paris?</p> + + <p class="author">Robert Snow.</p> + + <p><i>Urbanus Regius</i>.—A friend of mine, a delightful + old lady, fresh, genial, and inquisitive, has in her possession + an old volume, a family heir-loom, which is not the less dear + to her for being somewhat dingy and dilapidated, and touching + which she would gladly receive such information as your + correspondents can supply.</p> + + <p>It is made up of three apparently distinct treatises; the + first (of which several leaves are wanting) on the twelve + articles of the Apostles' Creed. The second is "The ryght + foundation, and pryncypall common places of the hole godly + Scripture," &c., by Doctor Urbanus Regius. Prefixed is an + epistle to Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury (evidently + Cranmer), to whom "Hys dayly oratoure, Gwalter Lynne (the + writer of the epistle), wyssheth lyfe euerlastynge." Between + this second treatise and the third, and apparently belonging to + the latter, is a title-page with the following inscription:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Imprinted for Gwalter Lynne, dwelling upon Somers Kaye, + by Byllinges gate. In the yeare of oure Lorde. MDXLVIII. + And they by [<i>sic</i>] to be solde at Poules church yarde + at the north doore, In the signe of the By-bell, By Richard + Jugge."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>This last treatise is in smaller type than the others, and + has no general designation: it contains chapters on various + subjects, <i>e.g.</i> "The Signification of Baptism," + &c.</p> + + <p>Query 1. Is this volume well known? 2. Who were Urbanus + Regius and Walter Lynne?</p> + + <p class="author">G.P.</p> + + <p>March 16. 1850.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>REPLIES.</h2> + + <h3>THE ARABIC NUMERALS AND CIPHER.</h3> + + <p>I might, with a little more consideration, have referred + "E.V." to several other authorities which he will do well to + consult.</p> + + <p>9. Wallis's <i>Algebra</i>, p. 9. and p. 153. of the + additions.</p> + + <p>10. <i>Phil. Trans</i>., Nos. 439. and 475.</p> + + <p>11. Montucla, <i>Histoire des Mathématiques</i>, tom. + i. chap. 2.</p> + + <p>12. Baillie, <i>Histoire de l'Astronomie</i>.</p> + + <p>13. Delambre<a id="footnotetag1" + name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a>, + <i>Hist. de l'Astr. du moyen age</i>.</p> + + <p>14. Hutton's <i>Tracts</i> (8vo. ed. 1812.), vol. ii. + (subject "History of Algebra")</p> + + <p>15. Huet, <i>Demonstratio Evangelica</i>.</p> + + <p>16. Dr. John Taylor's Translation of the <i>Lilawati</i>. + (Bombay, 1816.)</p> + + <p>17. Strachey's Translation of the <i>Bija + Ganita</i><a id="footnotetag2" + name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a>.</p> + + <p>18. Colebrooke's <i>Algebra of the Hindus</i>.</p> + + <p>Would it not be worth while to give a <i>facsimile</i> of + the "Tabel for all manere of merchauntes," in the "Notes and + Queries"? It is not only a curiosity, but an important element + (and unique as far as is known) in the philosophic history of + our arithmetic. It was, no doubt, an actual instrument in + constant use in the merchant's office, as much so as an + almanac, interest-tables, a "cambist" and a copying-press, are + now.</p> + + <p>As regards the cipher, the difficulty only commenced with + <i>writing numbers</i> in the new symbology. With persons + accustomed to the use of this instrument, there is no doubt + that the mode of obviating the difficulty of "keeping the + place," would suggest itself at once. In this instrument an + empty hole (without its peg) <i>signified</i> "none of this + denomination." What then more simple than to make the outline + of the empty hole which occupied the "local position" of any + denomination, when none of that precise denomination occurred + in the number itself? Under this view the process at least + becomes simple and natural; and as the early merchants + contributed so largely to the improvement of our arithmetical + processes, such a conclusion is wholly divested of + improbability on any other ground. The circle would then + naturally become, as it certainly has practically become, the + most appropriate symbol of <i>nothingness</i>.</p> + + <p>As regards the term <i>cipher</i> or <i>zero</i> (which are + so obviously the same as to need no remark), it is admitted on + all hands to be derived from one or other of the Semitic + languages, the Hebrew or the Arabic. It is customery with the + mathematical historians to refer it to the Arabic, they being + in general more conversant with it than with the Hebrew. The + Arabic being a smaller hand than the Hebrew, a dot was used + instead of the circle for marking the "place" at which the + hiatus of any "denomination" occurred. If we obtained our + cipher from this, it would be made hollow (a mere + <i>ceinture</i>, girdle, or ring) to save the trouble of making + a dot sufficiently large to correspond in magnitude with our + other numerals as we write them. Either is alike + possible—probability must be sought, for either over the + other, from a slightly different source.</p> + + <p>The root-words in Hebrew and in Arabic are precisely the + same (<i>ts-ph-r</i>), though in the two + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page368" + id="page368"></a>{368}</span> languages, and at different + ages of the same language, they might have been vowelised + differently. In some shape or other, this name is used in + all countries that have derived their arithmetic from + mediæval Italy, or from the Saracens. It is with some + <i>cipher</i>, with others <i>chiffre</i>, and with all + <i>zero</i>. The word is certainly no more Italian than it + is French or English. Be it remembered, too, that + <i>ezor</i> (quoted at p. 268.), as a <i>girdle</i>, is + radically the same word, somewhat mutilated. The cardinal + meaning of the word (denuded of the conventional accretions + of signification, which peculiar applications of it adds to + the cardinal meaning) appears to be <i>emptiness</i>, + <i>hollowness</i>, <i>nothingness</i>. It may be further + remarked, that in the fine Chartres MS. of Boetius, + described by Chasles, the 0 is called + <i>sipos</i>:—the same name, he remarks, that Graves + found in use in the East. The modern Turks call the 0, + <i>tsifra</i>.</p> + + <p>It is curious enough that in all languages, the term + <i>ciphering</i> is popularly used to denote all arithmetical + operations whatever. Our schoolboys do their "ciphering," and + write carefully in their "ciphering-books." This all seems to + point to the art of dispensing with the use of the abacus or + counting table.</p> + + <p class="author">T.S.D.</p> + + <p>Shooter's Hill, March 5.</p> + + <p><i>Arabic Numerals</i>.—I had replied to "E.V." (No. + 15. p. 230.), when I saw by your "Notice to Correspondents," + that the question was answered. I therefore waited the + publication of the replies, which I find do not embrace any one + of the points to which I would call the attention of + "E.V."—Diophantus of Alexandria, who flourished about 150 + years after Christ, and who wrote thirteen books of algebra or + arithmetic in the Greek language, is generally supposed to be + the oldest writer on the subject that has come down to our + time; but it was not from him that we received the knowledge of + algebra in Europe. It appears certain that the first knowledge + of this science in England was from Italy or Spain, after the + Moors settled in the latter country; and the Arabians and + Persians appear to have derived their arithmetical method of + computing by ten characters from the Indians: who, in their + turn, have most probably borrowed from the Chinese, and + improved on their method by the adoption of a zero, which was + one of the most important improvements effected by the Hindoos. + In China, the words ancient and modern are almost synonymous; + their usages and customs being so unchangeable, as appears by + their instrument of computation, the <i>swanpan</i>, which is + still used in all their calculations. The Oriental scholar will + find much curious and interesting information connected with + this subject in the Sanscrit <i>Vija Ganita</i> and + <i>Lilivati</i> of Bhaskara Acharya: the former was translated + into Persian at Agra, or Delhi, in 1634, and the latter by + Fyzee in 1587; but there are also English translations, all of + which are in the library of the Royal Asiatic Society. The + <i>Khalasah-ul-Hisah</i> is another work of repute in India. + Mr. Strachey wrote and printed in India, for the <i>Asiatic + Researches</i>, a valuable paper, which contains most + conclusive evidence of the Indian (if not Chinese) origin of + our numerals. See also <i>Astronomie Indienne</i>, of M. + Bailly; 2d vol. <i>Asiatic Researches</i>, "On the Astronomical + Computations of the Hindoos," by Saml. Davis; "Two + Dissertations on Indian Astronomy and Trigonometry," by + Professor Playfair, in the 2d and 4th vols. of the <i>Edinburgh + Philosophical Transactions</i>. And many others might be + referred to; but all tending to prove that our numbers came + originally from China and India, through Persia, Arabia, + Africa, Spain, and Italy, by gradual and successive changes in + form, several of them still retaining a close resemblance to + the ancient and modern Sanscrit, Chinese, Arabic, Persian, and + Hindoo numerals.</p> + + <p class="author">Henry Wilkinson.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + + <p>I send you a few Notes on Queries scattered through some of + the later numbers of your very valuable publication:</p> + + <p><i>Anonymous Ravennas</i>.—In the library of the Royal + Geographical Society, I believe there is a copy of an 8vo. + edition of that cosmography.</p> + + <p><i>Selago</i>.—This plant, I should think it probable, + is the <i>Lycopodium clavatum</i> of modern botanists; the + seeds of which, when ripe, and when the plant is struck, rise + like smoke ("fumum" of Pliny), and may have been supposed, from + their remarkable inflammability when dashed into a flame, + igniting with a sudden flash, to have possessed wonderful + virtues. The species known as <i>Lycopodium selago</i> is rare + in comparison to the other.</p> + + <p><i>Portugal</i>.—In the library of the Geographical + Society are some of the more recent works published in Lisbon + on the topography of that country, but they are generally very + meagre and unsatisfactory. In a periodical published in Lisbon + in numbers, on the plan of the <i>Penny Magazine</i>, there is + a good deal of information, with engravings, regarding many + places of interest in Portugal. I think it is called <i>The + Album</i>, but I am sorry I have not at present the power of + sending you more correct particulars concerning it. It is in + 4to.</p> + + <p>Portugal is a country that is so little travelled in either + by natives or foreigners, that information regarding places in + the interior is not easily obtained; and facilities for + travelling, as well as accommodation for travellers, is of a + very limited description.</p> + + <p><i>Sir Roger de Coverley</i>.—In one of your early + numbers was a query on this subject, which I do not think has + been yet answered. I have a MS. + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page369" + id="page369"></a>{369}</span> account of the family of + Calverley, of Calverley, in Yorkshire, an autograph of Ralph + Thoresby in the year 1717, in which occurs the following + passage:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"<i>Roger</i>, so named from the Archbishop" (of York), + "was a person of renowned hospitality, since, at this day, + the obsolete known tune of <i>Roger a Calverley</i> is + referred to him, who, according to the custom of those + times, kept his <i>minstrells</i>, from that their office + named <i>harpers</i>, which became a family and possessed + lands till late years in and about <i>Calverley</i>, called + to this day <i>Harpersroids</i> and <i>Harper's + Spring</i>.... He was a knight, and lived in the time of K. + Richard 1st. His seal, appended to one of his charters, is + large, with a chevalier on horseback."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">W. CALVERLEY TREVELYAN.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>DERIVATIONS OF "NEWS."</h3> + + <p>It is not declared with what motive "Mr. GUTCH" (No. 17. p. + 270.) has laid before the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" the + alleged derivation of N.E.W.S.</p> + + <p>It must therefore be supposed, that his object was to have + its justness and probability commented upon; and it is quite + time that they should be so, since the derivation in question + has of late become quite a favourite authoritative dictum with + etymology compilers. Thus it may be found, in the very words + and form adopted by your correspondent, in Haydn's + <i>Dictionary of Dates</i>, and in other authorities of equal + weight.</p> + + <p>This sort of initial-letter derivation was probably brought + into fashion in England by the alleged origin of "Cabal," or, + perhaps, by the many guesses at the much disputed word + "Æra." I shall take the liberty of quoting a few + sentences with reference to such etymologies, <i>as a + class</i>, which I find in an unpublished manuscript upon a + kindred subject.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Besides, such a splitting up of a word of significant + and perfect meaning in itself is always a bad and + suspicious mode of derivation.</p> + + <p>"It is generally an after-thought, suggested by some + fortuitous or fancied coincidence, that appropriateness of + which is by no means a sufficient proof of probability.</p> + + <p>"Of this there can scarcely be a better example than the + English word 'news,' which, notwithstanding the felicity of + its supposed derivation from the four cardinal points, + must, nevertheless, so long as the corresponding words + 'nova,' 'nouvelles,' &c. exist, be consigned to its + more sober and common-place origin in the adjective + '<i>new</i>.'"</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>To this it must be added that the ancient orthography of the + word <i>newes</i>, completely upsets the derivation Mr. Gutch + has brought before your readers. Hone quotes from "one Burton, + printed in 1614: 'if any one read now-a-days, it is a + play-book, or <i>a pamphlet</i> of <i>newes</i>."</p> + + <p>I had been in two minds whether or not to send this + communication, when the scale is completely turned by the + apropos occurrence of a corroboration of this latter objection + in "NOTES AND QUERIES" of this day. Mr. Rimbault mentions (at + p. 277.), "a rare black letter volume entitled <i>Newes from + Scotland</i>, 1591."</p> + + <p>Here is one more proof of the usefulness of your + publication, that I am thus enabled to strengthen the + illustration of a totally different subject by the incidental + authority of a fellow correspondent.</p> + + <p class="author">A.E.B.</p> + + <p>Leeds, March, 1850.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + + <p><i>Swot</i> is, as the querist supposes, a military cant + term, and a sufficiently vulgar one too. It originated at the + great slang-manufactory for the army, the Royal Military + College, Sandhurst. You may depend upon the following account + of it, which I had many years ago from the late Thomas + Leybourne, F.R.S., Senior Professor of Mathematics in that + college.</p> + + <p>One of the Professors, Dr. William Wallace, in addition to + his being a Scotchman, had a bald head, and an exceedingly + "broad Scotch" accent, besides a not very delicate + discrimination in the choice of his English terms relating to + social life. It happened on one hot summer's day, nearly half a + century ago, that he had been teaching a class, and had worked + himself into a considerable effusion from the skin. He took out + his handkerchief, rubbed his head and forehead violently, and + exclaimed in his Perthshire dialect,—"<i>It maks one + swot</i>." This was a God-send to the "gentlemen cadets," + wishing to achieve a notoriety as wits and slangsters; and + mathematics generally ever after became <i>swot</i>, and + mathematicians <i>swots</i>. I have often heard it + said:—"I never could do <i>swot</i> well, Sir;" and + "these dull fellows, the <i>swots</i>, can talk of nothing but + triangles and equations."</p> + + <p>I should have thought that the <i>sheer disgustingness</i> + of the idea would have shut the word out of the vocabularies of + English <i>gentlemen</i>. It remains nevertheless a standard + term in the vocabulary of an English soldier. It is well, at + all events, that future ages should know its etymology.</p> + + <p class="author">T.S.D.</p> + + <p><i>Pokership</i>, (<i>antè</i>, pp. 185. 218. 269. + 282. 323, 324.)—I am sorry to see that no progress has + yet been made towards a satisfactory explanation of this + office. I was in hopes that something better than mere + conjecture would have been supplied from the peculiar + facilities of "T.R.F." "W.H.C." (p. 323.) has done little more + than refer to the same instruments as had been already adverted + to by me in p. 269., with the new reading + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page370" + id="page370"></a>{370}</span> of <i>poulterer</i> for poker! + With repect to "T.R.F.'s" conjecture, I should be more ready + to accept it if he could produce a single example of the + word <i>pawker</i>, in the sense of a hog-warden. The + quotation from the Pipe-roll of John is founded on a + mistake. The entry occurs in other previous rolls, and is + there clearly explained to refer to the <i>porter of + Hereford Castle</i>. Thus, in Pipe 2 Hen. II. and 3 Hen. II. + we have, under Hereford,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"In liberatione portarii castelli ... 30<i>s.</i> + 5<i>d.</i>"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>In Pipe 1 Ric. I. we have,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"In liberatione constitutâ portarii de + Hereford, 30<i>s.</i> 5<i>d.</i>"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Again, in Pipe 3 Joh.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"In liberatione constitutâ portario de + Hereford, 30<i>s.</i> 5<i>d.</i>"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>A similar entry is to be found in other rolls, as well + printed as inedited. I could indulge some other criticisms on + the communication of your correspondent in Spring Gardens, but + I prefer encouraging him to make further inquiries, and to + produce from the records in his custody some more satisfactory + solution of the difficulty. In the meantime, let me refer to a + Survey of Wrigmore Castle in the Lansdowne Collection, No. 40. + fo. 82. The surveyor there reports, that the paling, rails, + &c. of the park are much decayed in many and sundry places, + and he estimates the repairs, with allowance of timber from the + wood there, "by good surveye and oversight of the <i>poker</i> + and other officers of the said parke," at 4<i>l.</i> The date + of the survey is 13 May, 1584.</p> + + <p>Comparing this notice of the office with the receiver's + accounts tempore Hen. VII. and Hen. VIII. (<i>antè</i>, + p. 269.), in which the officer is called "pocarius omnium + boscorum," I cannot doubt that his duty, or at least one of his + duties, was that of woodward, and that, as such, he assigned + timber for repair of the premises. How he came by his local + title and style of poker is a mystery on which we have all + hitherto failed to throw any light.</p> + + <p class="author">E.S.</p> + + <p><i>Vox Populi Vox Dei</i>,—about the origin of which + saying "QUÆSITOR" asks (No. 21. p. 321.),—were the + words chosen by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Simon Mepham, as + his text for the sermon which he preached when Edward III. was + called to the throne, from which the nation had pulled down his + father, Edward II. This we learn from Walsingham, who says:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Archiepiscopus verò Cantuariæ + præsenti consensit electioni, ut omnes prælati + et archiepiscopus quidem assumpto themate, <i>Vox populi + Vox Dei</i>, sermonem fecit populo, exhortans omnes ut apud + regem regum intercederent pro electo."—Tho. + Walsingham, <i>Hist. Angl.</i> ed. Camden, p. 126.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">DANIEL ROCK.</p> + + <p><i>A living Dog better than a dead Lion</i>.—I no not + know whether your correspondent (No. 22. p. 352.) ever goes to + church; but if he is not prevented by rain next St. Swithin's + day, he will learn who was the author of this proverb. It will + be a good thing, if your work should sometimes lead your + readers to search the Scriptures, and give them credit for + wisdom that has flowed from them so long, and far, and wide, + that its source is forgotten; but this is not the place for a + sermon, and I now only add, "here endeth the first lesson" + from</p> + + <p class="author">ECCLESIASTES.</p> + + <p class="note">["J.E.," "D.D.," and other correspondents, have + also replied to this Query by references to Eccl. ix. 4.]</p> + + <p><i>Curious Monumental Brass</i> (No. 16. p. 247.)—If + "RAHERE" will turn to Mr. Boutell's <i>Monumental Brasses and + Slabs</i>, p. 148., he will there find a description as well as + an engraving of what, from his account, I doubt not he will + discover to be the identical fragment to which he refers. A + foot legend, and what remains of a border inscription, is added + to it. In the above work, pp. 147 to 155, and in the Oxford + Architectural Society's <i>Manual for the Study of Brasses</i>, + p. 15., "RAHERE" will find an account and references to + numerous examples of palimpsest brasses, to which class the one + in question belongs.</p> + + <p>I presume that "RAHERE" is a young brass-rubber, or the fact + of a plate being engraved on both sides would have presented no + difficulty to him.</p> + + <p class="author">ARUN.</p> + + <p class="note">[We have received several other replies to this + Query, referring to Mr. Boutell's <i>Monumental Brasses</i>: + one from "W."; another from "A CORNISHMAN," who + says,—</p> + + <p class="note">"The brass in question, when I saw it last, had + been removed from the Rectory and placed in the tomb of Abbot + Wheathampstead, in company with the famous one of Thomas + Delamere, another Abbot of St. Albans."</p> + + <p class="note">Another from "E.V.," who states,—</p> + + <p class="note">"Other examples are found at St. Margaret's, + Rochester (where the cause of the second engraving is found to + be an error in costume in the first), St. Martins at Plain, + Norwich, Hedgerly Church, Bucks, and Burwell Church, + Cambridgeshire. Of this last, an engraving and description, by + Mr. A.W. Franks, is given in the fourteenth part of the + Publications of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society."</p> + + <p class="note">One from "WILLIAM SPARROW SIMPSON," who + says,—</p> + + <p class="note">"It is also described in the Oxford + Architectural Society's <i>Manual of Mon. Brasses</i>, No. 6. + pp. 6, 7. other examples of which occur at Rochester, Kent, and + at Cobham, Surrey. A small plate of brass, in the possession of + a friend, has on one side a group of children, and on the + reverse the uplifted hands of an earlier figure."</p> + + <p class="note">And lastly, one from "A.P.H." (to which we + cannot do ample justice, as we do not keep an engraver), from + which we extract the following passages:—</p> + + <p class="note">"A friend of mine has a shield in his + possession, taken from a slab, and which has been enamelled. It + is of late date and rudely executed. On the back is + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page371" + id="page371"></a>{371}</span> seen the hands and breast of a + small female figure, very nearly a century earlier in date. + I can also remember an inscription in Cuxton Church, Kent, + which was loose, and had another inscription on the back in + the same manner.</p> + + <p class="note">"I am very much impressed with the idea that + the destroyed brasses never had been used at all; but had been + engraved, and then, from circumstances that of course we cannot + hope to fathom, thrown on one side till the metal might be used + for some other purpose. This, I think, is a more probable, as + well as a more charitable explanation than the one usually + given of the so-called palimpsest brasses."]</p> + + <p><i>Chapels</i> (No. 20. p. 333.).—As to the origin of + the name, will you allow me to refer Mr. Gatty to Ducange's + <i>Glossary</i>, where he will find much that is to his + purpose.</p> + + <p>As to its being "a legal description," I will not undertake + to give an opinion without a fee; but I will mention a fact + which may assist him in forming one. I believe that fifty years + ago the word <i>Chapel</i> was very seldom used among those who + formed what was termed the "Dissenting Interest;" that is, the + three "denominations" of Independents, Baptists, and + Presbyterians. But I well recollect hearing, from good + authority, nearly, or quite, forty years ago, that an eminent + barrister (whom I might now describe as a late learned judge), + who was much looked up to by the dissenters as one of their + body, had particularly advised that in all trust-deeds relating + to places of dissenting worship, they should be called + "Chapels." I do not know that he assigned any reason, but I + know that the opinion was given, or communicated, to those who + had influence; and, from my own observation, I believe that + from about that time we must date the adoption of the term, + which has now been long in general use.</p> + + <p>I do not imagine that there was any idea of either + assistance or opposition to the Church of England, in the mind + of him who recommended, or those who adopted, the alteration, + or that either of them expected or sought any thing by this + measure but to obtain a greater security for property, or, + rather, to avoid some real or imagined insecurity, found or + supposed to attach to the form of description previously in + use.</p> + + <p class="author">A BARRISTER.</p> + + <p><i>Forlot, Forthlot</i> (No. 20. p. 320.).—A measure + of grain used throughout Scotland at present—query + <i>fourthlot</i>. See Jamieson's <i>Etymological Dictionary of + the Scottish Language</i>.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"<i>Firlot; Fyrlot; Furlet</i>.—A corn measure in + S., the fourth part of a boll.</p> + + <p>"Thay ordainit the boll to mat victual with, to be + devidit in foure partis, <i>videlicet</i>, foure + <i>fyrlottis</i> to contene a boll; and that <i>fyrlot</i> + not to be maid efter the first mesoure, na efter the + mesoure now usit, bot in middill mesoure betwixt the + twa."—<i>Acts Jac.</i> l. 1526. c. 80. edit. + 1566.</p> + </blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"—Ane furme, ane furlet,</p> + + <p>Ane pott, ane pek."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4">Bannatyne <i>Poems</i>, p. 159.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Skinner derives it from A.-S. <i>feower</i>, quatuor; and + <i>lot, hlot</i>, portio (the fourth part); Teut. + "<i>viertel</i>."</p> + + <p class="author">J.S.</p> + + <p><i>Loscop</i> (No. 20. p. 319).—To be "Louecope-free" + is one of the immunities granted to the Cinque Ports in their + charters of Liberties.</p> + + <p>Jeakes explains the term thus:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"The Saxon word Cope (in Low Dutch still Kope or Koope), + for trade or merchandising, makes this as much as to trade + freely for love. So that by no kind of monopoly patent, or + company or society of traders or merchants, the portsmen be + hindered from merchandising; but freely and for love, be + permitted to trade and traffick, even by such company of + merchants, whenever it shall happen their concerns lie + together."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>In my MSS., and in the print of Jeakes, it is "Louecope," + with which "Lofcope" may be readily identified; and <i>f</i> + may easily be misread for <i>s</i>, especially if the roll be + obscured.</p> + + <p>If Jeakes's etymology of the word be correct, the inference + would rather be that "Lovecope" was a tax for the goodwill of + the port at which a merchant vessel might arrive; a "port duty" + in fact, independent of "lastage" &c., chargeable upon + every trader that entered the port, whatever her cargo might + be. And the immunities granted to the portsmen were that they + should be "port duty free."</p> + + <p>I do not venture to offer this as any thing more than a mere + guess. Among your contributors there are many more learned than + myself in this branch of antiquarian lore, who will probably be + able to give a more correct interpretation, and we shall feel + obliged for any assistance that they can give us in elucidating + the question.</p> + + <p>"Lovecope" might perhaps be the designation of the + association of merchants itself, to which Jeakes alludes; and + the liberty of forming such association, with powers of + imposing port duties, may have been dependent on special grant + to any port by royal charter, such as that which forms the + subject of your correspondent's communication.</p> + + <p>After all, perhaps, "Lovecope" was the word for an + association of merchants; and "Louecope-free" is to be freed + from privileged taxation by this body.</p> + + <p class="author">L.B.L.</p> + + <p><i>Smelling of the Lamp</i> (No. 21. p. 335.).—"X." + will find the expression + Ιλλυχνιων + οζειν attributed to Pytheas by + Plutarch (<i>Vit. Demosth</i>., c. 8.).</p> + + <p class="author">J.E.B. MAYOR.</p> + + <p><i>Anglo-Saxon MS. of Orosius</i> (No. 20. p. + 313.).—It may gratify Mr. Singer to be informed that the + Lauderdale MS., formerly in the library at Ham House, is now + preserved, with several other + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page372" + id="page372"></a>{372}</span> valuable manuscripts and + books, in the library at Helmingham Hall, Suffolk, the seat + of the Tollemache family.</p> + + <p class="author">M.</p> + + <p><i>Golden Frog</i>.—Ingenious as is the suggestion of + "R.R." (No. 18. p. 282.), that Sir John Poley stuck a golden + frog in his ear from his affection for <i>tadpoles</i>, I think + "R.R.'s" "Rowley Poley" may be dismissed with the + "<i>gammon</i> and spinach" of the amorous frog to which he + alludes.</p> + + <p>Conceiving that the origin of so singular a badge could + hardly fail to be commemorated by some tradition in the family, + I have made inquiry of one of Sir John Poley's descendants, and + I regret to hear from him that "they have no authentic + tradition respecting it, but that they have always believed + that it had some connection with the service Sir John rendered + in the Low Countries, where he distinguished himself much by + his military achievements." To the Low Countries, then, the + land of frogs, we must turn for the solution of the enigma.</p> + + <p class="author">Gastras.</p> + + <p>Cambridge, March 9.</p> + + <p><i>Sword of Charles I.</i>—Mr. Planché inquires + (No. 12. p. 183.), "When did the real sword of Charles the + First's time, which, but a few years back, hung at the side of + that monarch's equestrian figure at Charing Cross, + disappear?"—It disappeared about the time of the + coronation of Her present Majesty, when some scaffolding was + erected about the statue, which afforded great facilities for + removing the rapier (for such it was); and I always understood + it found its way, by some means or other, to the Museum, so + called, of the notoriously frolicsome Captain D——, + where, in company with the wand of the Great Wizard of the + North, and other well-known articles, it was carefully labelled + and numbered, and a little account appended of the + circumstances of its acquisition and removal.</p> + + <p class="author">John Street.</p> + + <p class="note">[Surely then Burke was right, and the "Age of + Chivalry is past!"—Otherwise the idea of <i>disarming a + statue</i> would never have entered the head of any Man of + Arms, even in his most frolicsome of moods.]</p> + + <p><i>John Bull</i>.—<i>Vertue MSS.</i>—I always + fancied that the familiar name for our countrymen, about the + origin of which "R.F.H." inquires (No. 21. p. 336.), was + adopted from Swift's <i>History of John Bull</i>, first printed + in 1712; but I have no authority for saying so.</p> + + <p>If the Vertue MSS. alluded to (No. 20. p. 319.) were ever + returned by Mr. Steevens to Dr. Rawlinson, they may be in the + Bodleian Library, to which the Doctor left all his collections, + including a large mass of papers purchased by him long after + Pepys' death, as he described it, "Thus et odores + vendentibus."</p> + + <p>These "<i>Pepys</i> papers," as far as I can recollect, were + very voluminous, and relating to all sorts of subjects; but I + saw them in 1824, and had only then time to examine and extract + for publication portions of the correspondence.</p> + + <p class="author">Braybrooke.</p> + + <p>Audley End, March 25.</p> + + <p><i>Vertue's Manuscripts</i>.—The MS. quoted under this + title by Malone is printed entire, or rather all of it which + refers to plays, by Mr. Peter Cunningham, in the <i>Papers of + the Shakspeare Society</i>, vol. ii. p. 123., from an + interleaved copy of Langbaine. Since the publication of that + paper, the entries relating to Shakspeare's plays have been + given from the original MS. in the Bodleian Library, in + Halliwell's <i>Life of Shakspeare</i>, p. 272.</p> + + <p class="author">S.L.</p> + + <p><i>Vertue's MSS</i>. (No. 20. p. 319.) were in Horace + Walpole's possession, bought by him, I think, of Vertue's + widow; and his <i>Anecdotes of Painting</i> were chiefly + composed from them, as he states, with great modesty, in his + dedication and his preface. I do not see in the Strawberry-Hill + Catalogue any notice of "Vertue's MSS.," though some vols. of + his collection of engravings were sold.</p> + + <p class="author">C.</p> + + <p><i>Lines attributed to Tom Brown</i>.—In a book + entitled <i>Liber Facetiarum, being a Collection of curious and + interesting Anecdotes</i>, published at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, by + D. Akenhead & Sons, 1809, the passage attributed to Tom + Brown by your correspondent "J.T." is given to Zacharias + Boyd.</p> + + <p>The only reference given as authority for the account is the + initials H.B.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Zacharias Boyd, whose bust is to be seen over the + entrance to the Royal College in Glasgow, while Professor + in that university, translated the Old and New Testament + into Scotch Metre; and, from a laudable zeal to disseminate + religious knowledge among the lower classes of the + community, is said to have left a very considerable sum to + defray the expense of the said work, which, however, his + executors never printed."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>After a few specimens, the account goes on</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"But the highest flight of his Muse appears in the + following <i>beautiful Alexandrine</i>:</p> + </blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4">"And was not Pharaoh a saucy rascal?</p> + + <p class="i4">That would not let the children of + Israel, their wives</p> + + <p class="i4">And their little ones, their flocks and + their herds, go</p> + + <p class="i4">Out into the wilderness forty days</p> + + <p class="i16">To eat the Pascal.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4">"H.B."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Speaking of Zachariah Boyd, Granger says, (vol. ii. p. + 379.):</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"His translation of the Scripture in such uncouth verse + as to amount to burlesque, has been often quoted, and the + just fame of a benefactor to learning has been obscured by + that cloud of miserable rhymes. Candour will smile at the + foible, but applaud the man.</p> + + <p>"Macure, in his account of Glasgow, p. 223., informs us + he lived in the reign of Charles I."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">H.I.</p> + + <p>Sheffield, March 9. + 1850.</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page373" + id="page373"></a>{373}</span> + + <p><i>Passage in Frith's Works</i> (No. 20. p. 319).—This + passage should be read, as I suppose, "Ab inferiori ad suum + superius confuse distribui."</p> + + <p>It means that there would be confusion, if what is said + distributively or universally of the lower, should be applied + distributively or universally to the higher; or, in other + words, if what is said universally of a species, should be + applied universally to the genus that contains that and other + species: <i>e.g.</i>, properties that are universally found in + the human species will not be found universally in the genus + Mammalis, and universal properties of Mammalia wil not be + universal over the animal kingdom.</p> + + <p class="author">T.J.</p> + + <p><i>Martins, the Louvain Printer</i>.—Your + correspondent "W." (No. 12. p. 185.) is informed, that in + Falkenstein's <i>Geschichte der Buchdrucherkunst</i> (Leipzig, + 1840, p. 257.), Theoderich Martens, printer in Louvain and + Antwerp, is twice mentioned. I have no doubt but this is the + correct German form of the name. Mertens, by which he was also + known, may very possibly be the Flemish form. His Christian + name was also written Dierik, a short form of Dietrich, which, + in its turn, is the same as Theodorich.</p> + + <p class="author">NORTHMAN.</p> + + <p><i>Master of the Revels</i>.—"DR. RIMBAULT" states + (No. 14. p. 219.), that Solomon Dayrolle was appointed Master + of the Revels in 1744, but does not know the date of his + decease. It may be unknown to Dr. Rimbault, that Solomon + Dayrolle<i>s</i> was an intimate friend and correspondent of + the great Lord Chesterfield: the correspondence continues from + 1748 to 1755 in the selection of Chesterfield's letters to + which I am referring.</p> + + <p>Dayrolles, during all that period, held a diplomatic + appointment from this country at the Hague. See Lord + Chesterfield's letter to him of the 22d Feb. 1748, where Lord + C. suggests that by being cautious he (Dayrolles) may be put + <i>en train d'être Monsieur l'Envoye</i>.</p> + + <p>In several of the letters Chesterfield warmly and familiarly + commends his hopeful son, Mr. Stanhope, to the care and + attention of Dayrolles.</p> + + <p>I have not been able to ascertain when Dayrolles died, but + the above may lead to the discovery.</p> + + <p class="author">W.H. LAMMIN.</p> + + <p><i>French Maxim</i>.—The French saying quoted by + "R.V." is the 223rd of <i>Les Réflexions morales du Duc + de la Rochefoucauld</i> (Pougin, Paris, 1839). I feel great + pleasure in being able to answer your correspondent's query, as + I hope that my reply may be the means of introducing to his + notice one of the most delightful authors that has ever yet + written: one who deserves far more attention than he appears to + receive from general readers in this degenerate age, and from + whom many of his literary successors have borrowed some of + their brightest thoughts. I need not go far for an + illustration:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Praise undeserved, is scandal in disguise,"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>is merely a condensation of,</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Louer les princes des vertus qu'ils n'ont pas, c'est + leur dire impunément des injures."—La + Rochefoucauld, Max. 327.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>I believe that Pope marks it as a <i>translation—a + borrowed thought—not as a quotation</i>. He has just + before used the words "your Majesty;" and I think the word + "<i>scandal</i>" is employed "<i>consulto</i>," and alludes to + the offence known in English law as "scandalum magnatum." Your + correspondent will, of course, read the work in the original; + in fact, he <i>must</i> do so <i>per force</i>. A good + translation of <i>Les Maximes</i> is still a desideratum in + English literature. I have not yet seen one that could lay + claim even to the meagre title of mediocrity; although I have + spared neither time nor pains in the search. Should any of your + readers have been more fortunate, I shall feel obliged by their + referring me to it.</p> + + <p class="author">MELANION.</p> + + <p><i>Endeavour</i>.—I have just found the following + instance of "endeavour" used as an active verb, in Dryden's + translation of Maimbourg's <i>History of the League</i>, + 1684.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"On the one side the majestique House of Bourbon,... and + on the other side, that of two eminent families which + endeavour'd their own advancement by its destruction; the + one is already debas'd to the lowest degree, and the other + almost reduc'd to nothing." —p. 3.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">C. FORBES.</p> + + <p>Temple.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>MISCELLANIES.</h2> + + <p><i>Epigram by La Monnoye</i>.—It has been ingeniously + said, that "Life is an epigram, of which death is the point." + Alas for human nature! good points are rare; and no wonder, + according to this wicked, but witty,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>EPIGRAM BY LA MONNOYE.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>The world of fools has such a store,</p> + + <p class="i2">That he who would not see an ass,</p> + + <p>Must bide at home, and bolt his door,</p> + + <p class="i2">And break his looking glass.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">S.W.S.</p> + + <p>Mickleham, Dec. 10. 1849.</p> + + <p><i>Spur Money</i>.—Two or three years since, a party + of sappers and miners was stationed at Peterborough, engaged in + the trigonometrical survey, when the officer entered the + cathedral with his spurs on, and was immediately beset by the + choristers, who demanded money of him for treading the sacred + floor with armed heels. Does any one know the origin of this + singular custom? I inquired of some of the dignitaries of the + Cathedral, but they were not aware even of its existence. The + boys, however, have more tenacious memories, at least where + their interest is concerned; but we must not look to them for + the origin of a <span class="pagenum"><a name="page374" + id="page374"></a>{374}</span> custom which appears to have + long existed. In the <i>Memorials of John Ray</i>, published + by the Ray Society, p. 131., there is the following entry in + his second Itinerary:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"July the 26th, 1661, we began our journey northwards + from Cambridge, and that day, passing through Huntingdon + and Stilton, we rode as far as Peterborough twenty-five + miles. There I first heard the Cathedral service. The + choristers made us pay money for coming into the choir with + our spurs on."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">East Winch.</p> + + <p class="note">[The following note from <i>The Book of the + Court</i> will serve to illustrate the curious custom referred + to by our correspondent:</p> + + <p class="note">"In <i>The Privy Purse Expenses of King Henry + VIII.</i> edited by Sir Harris Nicolas, there occur several + entries of payments made to the choristers of Windsor 'in + rewarde for the king's spurs'; which the editor supposes to + mean 'money paid to redeem the king's spurs, which had become + the fee of the choristers at Windsor, perhaps at installations, + or at the annual celebration of St. George's feast.' No notice + of the subject occurs in Ashmole's or Anstis's <i>History of + the Order of the Garter</i>. Mr. Markland, quoting a note to + Gifford's edition of Ben Jonson, vol. ii. p. 49., says, 'In the + time of Ben Jonson, in consequence of the interruptions to + Divine Service occasioned by the ringing of the spurs worn by + persons walking and transacting business in cathedrals, and + especially in St. Paul's, a small fine was imposed on them, + called "spur-money," the exaction of which was committed to the + beadles and singing-boys.' This practice, and to which, + probably, the items in Henry's household-book bear reference, + still obtains, or, at least, did till very lately, in the + Chapel Royal and other choirs. Our informant himself claimed + the penalty, in Westminster Abbey, from Dr. Fisher, Bishop of + Rochester, and received from him an eighteenpenny bank token as + the fine. He likewise claimed the penalty from the King of + Hanover (then Duke of Cumberland), for entering the choir of + the Abbey in his spurs. But His Royal Highness, who had been + installed there, excused himself with great readiness, pleading + 'his right to wear his spurs in that church, inasmuch as it was + the place where they were first put on him!'—See further, + <i>European Mag</i>., vol. iii. p. 16."]</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>MINIMUM DE MALIS.</h3> + + <h4>(<i>From the Latin of Buchanan.</i>)</h4> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Calenus owed a single pound, which yet</p> + + <p>With all my dunning I could never get.</p> + + <p>Tired of fair words, whose falsehood I foresaw,</p> + + <p>I hied to Aulus, learned in the law.</p> + + <p>He heard my story, bade me "Never fear,</p> + + <p>There was no doubt—no case could be more + clear:—</p> + + <p>He'd do the needful in the proper place,</p> + + <p>And give his best attention to the case."</p> + + <p class="i2">And this he may have done—for it + appears</p> + + <p>To have been his business for the last ten + years,</p> + + <p>Though on his pains ten times ten pounds + bestow'd</p> + + <p>Have not regain'd that one Calenus owed.</p> + + <p class="i2">Now, fearful lest this unproductive + strife</p> + + <p>Consume at once my fortune and my life,</p> + + <p>I take the only course I can pursue,</p> + + <p>And shun my debtor and my lawyer too.</p> + + <p>I've no more hope from promises or laws,</p> + + <p>And heartily renounce both debt and cause—</p> + + <p>But if with either rogue I've more to do,</p> + + <p>I'll surely choose my debtor of the two;</p> + + <p>For though I credit not the lies he tells,</p> + + <p>At least he <i>gives</i> me what the other + <i>sells</i>.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">Rufus.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Epigram on Louis XIV.</i>—I find the following + epigram among some old papers. The emperor would be Leopold I., + the king Louis XIV.</p> + + <p><i>Epigram by the Emperor, 1666, and the King of + France.</i></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Bella fugis, sequeris bellas, pugnæque + repugnas,</p> + + <p class="i2">Et bellatori sunt tibi bella tori.</p> + + <p>Imbelles imbellis amas, totusque videris</p> + + <p class="i2">Mars ad opus Veneris, Martis ad arma + Venus.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">J.H.L.</p> + + <p><i>Macaulay's Young Levite.</i>—I met, the other day + with a rather curious confirmation of a passage in Macaulay's + <i>History of England</i>, which has been more assailed perhaps + than any other.</p> + + <p>In his character of the clergy, Macaulay says, they + frequently married domestics and retainers of great + houses—a statement which has grievously excited the wrath + of Mr. Babington and other champions. In a little book, once + very popular, first published in 1628, with the title + <i>Microcosmographie, or a Piece of the World discovered</i>, + and which is known to have been written by John Earle, after + the Restoration Bishop of Worcester and then of Salisbury, is + the following passage. It occurs in what the author calls a + character of "a young raw preacher."</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"You shall know him by his narrow velvet cape and serge + facing, and his ruffe, next his hire, the shortest thing + about him.... His friends, and much painefulnesse, may + preferre him to thirtie pounds a yeere, and this meanes, to + a chamber-maide: with whom we leave him now in the bonds of + wedlocke. Next Sunday you shall have him againe."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>The same little book contains many very curious and valuable + illustrations of contemporary manners, especially in the + universities.</p> + + <p>That the usage Macaulay refers to was not uncommon, we find + from a passage in the <i>Woman-Hater</i>, by Beaumont and + Fletcher (1607), Act III. Sc. 3.</p> + + <p>Lazarillo says,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Farewell ye courtly chaplains that be there!</p> + + <p>All good attend you! May you never more</p> + + <p>Marry your patron's lady's waiting-woman!"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">I.T.</p> + + <p>Trin. Coll. Camb., March 16. + 1850.</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page375" + id="page375"></a>{375}</span> + + <p><i>St. Martin's Lane</i>.—The first building leases of + St. Martin's Lane and the adjacent courts accidentally came + under my notice lately. They are dated in 1635 and 1636, and + were granted by the then Earl of Bedford.</p> + + <p class="author">Arun.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>CHARLES DEERING, M.D.</h3> + + <p>"Author of the Catalogue of Plants in the neighbourhood of + Nottingham. 'Catalogus Stirpium, &c., or a Catalogue of + Plants naturally growing and commonly cultivated in divers + parts of England, and especially about Nottingham,' 8vo. + Nottingh. 1738.</p> + + <p>"He was in the suite of the English ambassador to Russia, + returned and practised physic in London married unfortunately, + buried his wife, and then went to Nottingham, where he lived + several years. During his abode there he wrote a small + <i>Treatise on the Small Pocks</i>, this <i>Catalogue of + Plants</i>, and the <i>History of Nottingham</i>, the materials + for which John Plumtre, Esq. of Nottingham, was so obliging as + to assist him with. He also was paid 40<i>l.</i> by a London + bookseller for adding 20,000 words to an English dictionary. He + was master of seven languages, and in 1746 he was favoured with + a commission in the Nottinghamshire Foot, raised at that time. + Soon after died, and was buried in St. Peter's Churchyard.</p> + + <p>"William Ayscough, father of the printer of this + <i>Catalogus Stirpium</i> (G. Ayscough), in 1710, first + introduced the art of printing at Nottingham.</p> + + <p>"Mr. White was the same year the first printer at + Newcastle-upon-Tyne; and Mr. Dicey at + Northampton."—<i>MS. Note in the Copy of the Cat. + Stirpium, in the Library of the British Museum</i>.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>MISCELLANEOUS.</h2> + + <h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC.</h3> + + <p>Our advertising columns already show some of the good + results of the <i>Exhibition of the Works of Ancient and + Mediæval Art</i>. Mr. Williams announced last week his + <i>Historic Reliques</i>, to be etched by himself. Mr. Cundall + has issued proposals for <i>Choice Examples of Art + Workmanship</i>; and, lastly, we hear that an <i>Illustrated + Catalogue of the Exhibition</i>, prepared by Mr. Franks, the + zealous Honorary Secretary of the Committee, and so arranged as + to form a <i>History of Art</i>, may be expected. We mention + these for the purpose of inviting our friends to contribute to + the several editors such information as they may think likely + to increase the value of the respective works.</p> + + <p>The second edition of our able correspondent, Mr. Peter + Cunningham's <i>Handbook of London</i>, is on the eve of + publication.</p> + + <p>There are few of our readers but will be glad to learn from + the announcement in a previous column, that the edition of the + <i>Wickliffite Versions of the Scriptures</i>, upon which Sir + Frederick Madden and his fellow labourers have been engaged for + a period of twenty years, is just completed. It forms, we + believe, three quarto volumes.</p> + + <p>Messrs. Puttick and Simpson lately disposed of a most select + and interesting collection of autograph letters. We + unfortunately did not receive the catalogue in time to notice + it, which we the more regret, because, like all their + catalogues of autographs, it was drawn up with amateur-like + intelligence and care; so as to make it worth preserving as a + valuable record of materials for our history and biography.</p> + + <p>We have received the following Catalogues of + Books:—No. XXV. of Thomas Cole's (15. Great Turnstile): + No. 2. for 1850, of William Heath's (29½ Lincoln's Inn + Fields); and No. 15. of Bernard Quarritch's (16. Castle Street, + Leicester Square) Catalogue of Oriental and Foreign Books.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> + + <h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE</h4> + + <h4>(<i>In continuation of Lists in former Nos.</i>)</h4> + + <p>Mills, Rev. Isaac, of Highcleer—Account of the Life + and Conversation of, with a Sermon, 8vo., 1721.</p> + + <p>Mykur Hazem, by Marcus, London, 1846.</p> + + <p>Poems by a Bornnatural, 1849.</p> + + <h4><i>Odd Volumes</i>.</h4> + + <p>Proceedings of the Philological Society. Vol. I.</p> + + <p>Richardson's Correspondence, Vol. I. of the Six-Volume + Ed.</p> + + <p>Todd's Johnson's Dictionary, 4to., 1819. (Part X. containing + Title, Preface, &c.)</p> + + <p>Partington's British Cyclopædia—That portion of + Natural History which follows Vol. I.</p> + + <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, + <i>carriage free</i>, to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of + "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> + + <p>Burning for Treason.—Can the Correspondent who + furnished us with a curious Note upon this subject favour us + with a copy of it, the original having been accidentally + mislaid?</p> + + <p>We are again compelled, from want of space, to omit many + curious and interesting articles; and, after this statement, + must beg our kind friends at Leeds, Brompton, &c., who + complain of delay in the insertion of their communications, to + do us the favour to refer to the notice on this very subject + which appeared in our early numbers.</p> + + <p>Notes and Queries may be procured by the Trade at noon on + Friday: so that our country Subscribers ought to experience no + difficulty in receiving it regularly. Many of the country + Booksellers are probably not yet aware of this arrangement, + which enables them to receive Copies in their Saturday parcels. + Part V. is now ready.</p> + <hr class="adverts" /> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page376" + id="page376"></a>{376}</span> + + <center> + THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, + </center> + + <center> + No. CLXXII. is Published This Day. + </center> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2">CONTENTS:</p> + + <p>I. GIACOMO LEOPARDI AND HIS WRITINGS.</p> + + <p>II. RANKE'S HOUSE OF BRANDENBURG.</p> + + <p>III. QUEEN'S COLLEGE, LONDON.</p> + + <p>IV. GROTE'S HISTORY OF GREECE.</p> + + <p>V. URQUHART'S PILLARS OF HERCULES.</p> + + <p>VI. FACTS IN FIGURES.</p> + + <p>VII. THE DUTIFUL SON.</p> + + <p>VIII. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF LONDON.</p> + + <p>IX. BAXTER'S IMPRESSIONS OF EUROPE.</p> + + <p>X. LORD LIEUTENANT CLARENDON.</p> + + <p>XI. LOUIS PHILIPPE.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <center> + John Murray, Albemarle Street. + </center> + <hr /> + + <center> + NEARLY READY. + </center> + + <div class="figcenter" + style="width:50%;"> + <a href="images/376.png"><img width="100%" + src="images/376.png" + alt="CHOICE EXAMPLES OF ART WORKMANSHIP Selected from the Exhibition of ANCIENT AND MEDIÆVAL ART at the Society of Arts" /> + </a> + </div> + + <center> + A Prospectus, containing a Specimen of the Illustrations, + will be sent on receipt of two postage stamps. + </center> + + <center> + Joseph Cundall, 21. Old Bond Street. + </center> + <hr /> + + <p>MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF ANCIENT AND MODERN BOOKS.—NUMBER + FOUR is ready this day, and can be had Gratis, and sent, if + required, Postage Free. Address, John Miller, 43, Chandos + Street, Trafalgar Square. This List embraces numerous valuable + and interesting Books on English Poetry, the Drama, History, + Biography, Voyages and Travels, &c., with the works of a + few of the best Continental writers, a selection of Pictorial + Books of Scenery, Costume, Topography, and Drawing-room Table + Books.</p> + + <p>Also, on forwarding Four Postage Stamps, JOHN MILLER'S + CATALOGUE OF BOOKS FOR THE PAST QUARTER may be had stitched in + a wrapper, with a Table of Contents, showing at one glance the + range of subjects embraced, amongst which may be enumerated the + following, viz., America, Angling, Banking and Currency, Coins, + Dictionaries, Drawing-books, Games, Sports, &c., Heraldry, + Genealogy and Family History, Ireland, its History and + Literature, Kent, its History and Topography, Law, Music, its + History and Theory, Painting and the Fine Arts, Shakspeariana, + and a variety of other branches of Literature comprised in + upwards of 1500 articles.</p> + + <center> + John Miller, 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square. + </center> + <hr /> + + <p>THE ANGLO-SAXON, for April, Price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> or + 3<i>s.</i> post-free, contains England and her Colonies: County + Colonisation, with Maps—English Church + Music—Christian Architecture—London: a Poem, Essay + II.—The Alfred Medals: Three Sonnets, by Martin F. + Tupper—Anglo-Saxon Literature: the Jubilee Edition of + King Alfred's Works, with Specimens and + Translations—Wives and Mothers—Anglo-Saxon + Colonies: Victoria, Cooksland, Port Essington, + (Papua—Timor)—Original Ballads.</p> + + <p>The ANGLO-SAXON for 1849 forms a handsome volume, price One + Guinea.</p> + + <center> + London: T. Bosworth, 215. Regent Street. + </center> + <hr /> + + <p>Published every Saturday, price 3<i>d.</i>, or stamped, + 4<i>d.</i>, also in Monthly Parts. Part V. (for March), price + 1<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i>, now ready.</p> + + <p>NOTES AND QUERIES: a Medium of Inter-communication for + Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, &c.</p> + + <p>The attention of Publishers and Booksellers is particularly + requested to this Periodical as a medium for advertising. It + contains communications from the most eminent Literary Men, and + is circulated largely amongst the best class of + book-buyers.</p> + + <p>In addition to the valuable matter which will be found in + its columns, it contains notices of Book Sales, Booksellers' + Catalogues, and Lists of Books wanted to + purchase,—features which it is believed will be found + valuable to Dealers in Old Books, as well as useful to + Purchasers.</p> + + <table summary="Prices" + align="center"> + <caption> + SCALE OF PRICES. + </caption> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td align="right">£</td> + + <td><i>s.</i></td> + + <td><i>d.</i></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Six lines and under</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + + <td align="right">5</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Above six lines, per line</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + + <td align="right">6</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Half a column</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + + <td align="right">16</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Column</td> + + <td align="right">1</td> + + <td align="right">10</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Page</td> + + <td align="right">2</td> + + <td align="right">10</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + </tr> + </table> + + <p>***Advertisements must be sent by the Wednesday previous to + the Saturday on which they are intended to appear; Notes and + Queries being issued to the Trade on Friday afternoon.</p> + + <center> + OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. + </center> + + <blockquote> + <p>"As good a first number as we remember to have seen. The + Editor exhibits a phalanx of eminent assistants. * * There + can be no doubt of the value of a Literary Medium of this + peculiar kind."—<i>Athenæum</i>.</p> + + <p>"We like the plan much. * * We wish success to a + publication which promises to be agreeable, intelligent, + and useful."—<i>Literary Gazette</i>.</p> + + <p>"We feel great pleasure in welcoming into the literary + world this publication, which promises to fill up a void + that has constantly been lamented by every person engaged + in any particular branch of study that required experience + and research. * * It is a publication in which all literary + persons must feel a deep interest, and that has our + heartiest wishes for its success."—<i>Morning + Herald</i>.</p> + + <p>"This is a new periodical, with a new idea, and one that + deserves and will be sure to receive encouragement amongst + scholars and readers really deserving that appellation. * * + It is a capital idea; and every one who makes Notes or has + Queries should buy it and contribute to + it."—<i>Weekly News</i>.</p> + + <p>"That valuable publication The Notes and Queries, so + auspiciously commenced."—<i>New Bell's + Messenger</i>.</p> + + <p>"With whomsoever the idea of publishing this useful and + interesting periodical first originated, that person is + entitled to the thanks of every author, antiquary, and + scholar, in the United Kingdom. * * We recommend, in all + sincerity, The Notes and Queries to the attention of lovers + of literature in general."—<i>Morning Post</i>.</p> + </blockquote> + + <center> + London: George Bell, 186. Fleet Street. + </center> + <hr /> + + <center> + Just Published, Parts 13 and 14, imperial quarto. Price + 3<i>s.</i> each, tinted 4<i>s.</i> + </center> + + <p>RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE, from Drawings by + John Johnson, Architect, F.S.A., Lithographed by Alfred + Newman.</p> + + <p>Contents, Part 13:—Hawton Church; Notts.—St. + Mary's, Stamford—Aldwinkle, All Saints, + Northamptonshire-Wellingborough Church, Northamptonshire.</p> + + <p>Part 14—Skelton Church, from the South-East and + South-West—Rye House, Herts.—Holbeach Church, + Lincolnshire.</p> + + <p>This Work is intended to embrace a series of examples of + Ecclesiastical, Collegiate, and Domestic Architecture. It will + be completed in Twenty Monthly Parts, price 3<i>s.</i> each, + tinted 4<i>s.</i></p> + + <center> + London: George Bell, 186. Fleet Street. + </center> + <hr /> + + <center> + Preparing for immediate Publication, in 2 vols. small + octavo. + </center> + + <p>THE FOLK-LORE OF ENGLAND. By William J. Thoms, F.S.A., + Secretary of the Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose + Romances," "Lays and Legends of all Nations," &c. One + object of the present work is to furnish new contributions to + the History of our National Folk-Lore; and especially some of + the more striking illustrations of the subject to be found in + the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental + Antiquaries.</p> + + <p>Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable + Customs and Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are + earnestly solicited, and will be thankfully acknowledged by the + Editor. They may be addressed to the care of Mr. Bell, Office + of "Notes and Queries," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote1" + name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote + 1:</b><a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + + <p>The best account, because the most consistent and + intelligible, of the Greek arithmetic, is that by Delambre, + affixed to Peyraud's edition of Archimedes.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote2" + name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote + 2:</b><a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + + <p>At a period of leisure I may be tempted to send you a + few extracts, somewhat curious, from some of the papers of + Mr. Strachey in my possession.</p> + </blockquote> + <hr class="full" /> + + <p>Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8. New Street Square, + at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the + City of London; and published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet + Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in The West, in the City + of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street + aforesaid.—Saturday, April 6, 1850.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12505 ***</div> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/12505-h/images/376.png b/12505-h/images/376.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c543692 --- /dev/null +++ b/12505-h/images/376.png diff --git a/12505-h/images/376.png~ b/12505-h/images/376.png~ Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c543692 --- /dev/null +++ b/12505-h/images/376.png~ diff --git a/12505.txt b/12505.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..537301d --- /dev/null +++ b/12505.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2413 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries 1850.04.06, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries 1850.04.06 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: June 3, 2004 [EBook #12505] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES 1850.04.06 *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, William Flis, and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. With thanks to Internet Library of Early Journals. + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 23.] SATURDAY, APRIL 6. 1850. [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * *{361} + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- Page + Periplus of Hanno, by R.T. Hampson 361 + Pope Vindicated 362 + The Supper of the Lorde 362 + Folk Lore:--Palm Sunday Wind--Curious Symbolical Custom--The Wild + Huntsman 363 + On Authors and Books, No. VI, by Bolton Corney 363 + +QUERIES:-- + Nicholas Breton's Crossing of Proverbs, by J.P. Collier 364 + Sword called Curtana, by E.F. Rimbault, LL.D. 364 + Is the Dombec the Domesday of Alfred? by George Munford 365 + Minor Queries:--Wickliffite Versions of the Scriptures--Gloves--Law + Courts at St. Alban's--Milton Pedigree--Sapcote Motto--Scala Coeli, + &c. 366 + +REPLIES:-- + The Arabic Numerals and Cipher 367 + Replies to Minor Queries, by Sir W.C. Trevelyan 368 + Derivation of "News" 369 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Swot--Pokership--Vox Populi--Living Dog better + than dead Lion--Curious Monumental Brasses--Chapels--Forthlot--Loscop-- + Smelling of the Lamp--Anglo-Saxon MS. of Orosius--Golden Frog--Sword + of Charles I.--John Bull--Vertue MSS.--Lines attributed to Tom Brown, + &c. 369 + +MISCELLANIES:-- + Epigram by La Monnoye--Spur Money--Minimum de Malls--Epigram on Louis + XIV.--Macaulay's Young Levite--St. Martin's Lane--Charles Deering, + M.D. 373 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 375 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 375 + Notices to Correspondents 375 + Advertisements 376 + + * * * * * + +PERIPLUS OF HANNO THE CARTHAGINIAN. + +I am not sufficiently Quixotic to attempt a defence of the +Carthaginians on the western coast of Africa, or any where else, but +I submit that the accusation brought against them by Mr. S. Bannister, +formerly Attorney-General of New South Wales, is not sustained by +the only record we possess of Hanno's colonising expedition. That +gentleman, in his learned _Records of British Enterprise beyond Sea_, +just published, says, in a note, p. xlvii.:-- + +"The first nomade tribe they reached was friendly, and furnished +Hanno with _interpreters_. At length they discovered a nation _whose +language was unknown to the interpreters_. These strangers they +attempted to seize; and, upon their resistance, they took three of the +women, whom they put to death, and carried their skins to Carthage" +(_Geogr. Graeci Minores_, Paris, 1826, p. 115.). + +Hanno obtained interpreters from a people who dwelt on the banks +of a large river, called the Lixus, and supposed to be the modern +St. Cyprian. Having sailed thence for several days, and touched at +different places, planting a colony in one of them, he came to a +mountainous country inhabited by savages, who wore skins of wild +beasts, [Greek: dermata thaereia enaemmenon]. At a distance of +twelve days' sail he came to some Ethiopians, who could not endure +the Carthaginians, and who spoke unintelligibly even to the Lixite +interpreters. These are the people whose women, Mr. Bannister says, +they killed. Hanno sailed from this inhospitable coast fifteen +days, and came to a gulf which he calls [Greek: Notou Kera], or +South Horn. + + "Here," says the Dr. Hawkesworth, of Carthage, "in the gulf, + was an island, like the former, containing a lake, and in + this another island, full of wild men; but the women were + much more numerous, _with hairy bodies_ ([Greek: daseiai tois + somasin]), whom the interpreters called [Greek: gorillas]. + We pursued the men, who, flying to precipices, defended + themselves with stones, and could not be taken. Three women, + who bit and scratched their leaders, would not follow them. + Having killed them, we brought their skins to Carthage." + +He does not so much as intimate that the creatures who so defended +themselves with stones, or those whose bodies were covered with +hair, spoke any language. Nothing but the words [Greek: anthropoi +agrioi] and [Greek: gunaikes] can lead us to believe that they were +human beings at all; while the description of the behaviour of the +men, and the bodies of the women, is not repugnant to the supposition +that they were large apes, baboons, or orang-outangs, common to this +part of Africa. At all events, the voyagers do not say that they +flayed a people having the faculty of speech. + +It is not, however, improbable that the Carthaginians were severe +taskmasters of the people whom they subdued. Such I understand those +to have been who opened the British tin mines, and who, according to +Diodorus Siculus, excessively overworked the wretches who toiled for +them, "wasting their bodies underground, and dying, {362} many a one, +through extremity of suffering, while others perished under the lashes +of the overseer." (_Bibl. Hist._ l. v. c. 38.) + +R.T. Hampson. + + * * * * * + +POPE VINDICATED. + +"P.C.S.S." is too great an admirer of Pope not to seek to vindicate +him from one, at least, of the blunders attributed to him by Mr. D. +Stevens, at p. 331. of the "Notes and Queries." + + "Singed are his _brows_, the scorching _lids_ grow black." + +Now, if Mr. S. will refer to Homer, he will find that the original +fully justifies the use of "brows" and "lids" in the _plural_. It runs +thus (_Od._ ix. v. 389.): + + "[Greek: Panta de ui blephar amphi kai ophruas eusen autmae]." + +"P.C.S.S." wishes that he could equally remove from Pope the charge +of inaccuracy respecting the _three_ cannibal meals of Polyphemus. He +fears that nothing can be alleged to impugn Mr. Stevens's perfectly +just criticism. + +While on the subject of Pope, "P.C.S.S." would wish to advert to +a communication (No. 16. p. 246.) in which it is insinuated that +Pope was probably indebted to Petronius Arbiter for the well-known +passage-- + + "Worth makes the man, and want of it the fellow; + The rest is all but leather and prunella." + +With all respect for the ingenious author of that communication, +"P.C.S.S." confesses that he is unable to discover such a similitude +of expression as might warrant the notion that Pope had been a +borrower from Petronius. He cannot suppose that Mr. F. could have been +led away by any supposed analogy between _corium_ and _coricillum_. +The latter, Mr. F. must know, is nothing more than a diminutive of +a diminutive (coricillum, _not_ corcillum, from corculum); and the +word is coined by Petronius to ridicule one of the affectations of +Trimalchio (Nero), who was wont to indulge, to an absurd extent, in +the use of such diminutives (_vide_ Burmann, _in loco_). "P.C.S.S." +will now subjoin such translations of the passage in question as he +has hitherto had opportunities of referring to. The first is from _The +Works of Petronius Arbiter, translated by several hands_, Lond. 8vo. +4th edit. 1714. At the beginning of the translation itself there is +this heading--"Made English by Mr. Wilson, of the Middle Temple, and +several others." The passage in question is thus rendered:-- + + "Come, my friends, let us see how merry you can be! for in my + time, I have been no better than yourselves; but, by my own + industry, I am what I am. _'Tis the heart makes the man_; all + the rest is but stuff!" + +In another translation, which, with Grub-Street audacity, the +publisher, in his title-passage, presumes to attribute to Addison! +and which appeared in 1736 (Lond. 8vo.), the passage is as follows:-- + + "I was once as you are: but now, thanks to my industry, I am + what I am. _It is the heart that makes the man_; all the rest + is but stuff!" + +Be the translator who he may, this version, so impudently ascribed to +the moral Addison, is written with much spirit and power, and with a +remarkable comprehension of the author's meaning. Some of the poetical +fragments at the end are, indeed, singularly well done. + +Of the two French versions which "P.C.S.S." has examined, the one by +Levaur (Paris, 8vo. 1726) thus translates the passage: + + "Je vous prie, mes amis ... _C'est le coeur qui fait les + hommes; je compte le reste pour un fetu_." + +In that of Boispreaux (Lond. 1742), it is simply rendered-- + + "Mon scavoir faire m'a tire du pair. _C'est le coeur qui fait + l'homme_ ..." + +No attempt is made to translate the _quisquilia_. + +P.C.S.S. + + * * * * * + +"THE SUPPER OF THE LORDE." + +I shall be glad to find that your correspondent "C.H." (No. 21. p. +333.) receives a satisfactory answer to his inquiry, as such a reply +would also satisfy my earlier query, No. 7. p. 109. I perceive, +however, from his letter, that I can give him some information on +other points noticed in it, though the absence of papers now passing +through the press with the Parker Society's reprint of a third volume +of Tyndale, will prevent my replying with such precision as I could +wish. That ancient tract on "The Supper of the Lorde, after the true +meanyng of the sixte of John," &c., of which "C.H." says he possesses +a copy, was reprinted at different intervals with the same date, viz., +MCCCCCXXXIII, Apryll v., on its title-page. The original edition has a +final colophon, stating that it was "imprinted at Nornberg, by Nielas +Twonson," and is so rare, that I have not been able to discover the +existence of any copy, but one recently deposited in the Bodleian. +That "C.H.'s" copy is not a specimen of that first edition, is +apparent from two circumstances. The first is, that he has given you +a quotation from his copy as follows:--"And as for M. More, whom the +verity most offendeth, and doth but mocke it," whereas the original +edition has, "And as for M. Mocke," &c., and Sir Thomas More notices +this mockage of his name in his reply. The next is, that his copy +contains "Crowley's Epistle to the Reader," which does not appear in +any edition of an earlier date than 1551. When first attached to this +treatise, the epistle was anonymous, as may be seen in the Lambeth +copy; but Crowley eventually {363} affixed his name to the epistle, +as it appears in "C.H.'s" and in other copies. Robert Crowley was a +fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; vicar of St. Giles, Cripplegate; +a printer and publisher; but to his singular combination of titles, we +cannot add that of author of the treatise in question. "C.H." has seen +that he did not enter Oxford till 1534; and in his Prefatory Epistle, +Crowley speaks of the author of the treatise as a person distinct from +himself. + +I do not wish, however, to be considered as positively affirming the +treatise to be Tyndale's. Foxe, the martyrologist, edited Tyndale's +works for Day, and he has only said that this treatise was "compiled, +as some do gather, by M. Wm. Tyndale, because the method and phrase +agree with his, and the time of writing are [sic] concurrent." On the +other hand, the authorship is unhesitatingly assigned to Tyndale by +Mr. C. Anderson (_Annals of the English Bible_, Sec.ix. _ad finem_), +and by Mr. Geo. Offer (_Mem. of Tyndale_, p. 30.), the two most +pains-taking and best informants as to his works. But still there are +objections of such force, that I must confess myself rather inclined +to attribute the treatise to Joy's pen, if I could but be satisfied +that he was capable of writing so correctly, and of keeping so clear +of vulgarity in a controversy with a popish persecutor. + +H.W. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Palm Sunday Wind_.--It is a common idea among many of the farmers and +labourers of this immediate neighbourhood, that, from whatever quarter +the wind blows for the most part on Palm Sunday, it will continue +to blow from the same quarter for the most part during the ensuing +summer. + +Is this notion prevalent in other parts of the country, as a piece of +"Folk-Lore?" + +R.V. + +Winchester, March 26. + + +_Curious Symbolical Custom_.--On Saturday last I married a couple in +the parish church. An old woman, an aunt of the bridegroom, displeased +at the marriage, stood at the church gate and pronounced an anathema +on the married pair. She then bought a new broom, went home, swept +her house, and hung the broom over the door. By this she intimated her +rejection of her nephew, and forbade him to enter her house. Is this a +known custom? What is its origin? + +H. Morland Austen. + +St. Peter's, Thanet, March 25. 1850. + + +_The Wild Huntsman_.--The interesting contributions of your +correspondent "Seleucus," on "Folk Lore," brought to my recollection +the "Wild Huntsman" of the German poet, Tieck; of whose verses on that +superstitious belief, still current among the imaginative peasantry of +Germany, I send you a translation, _done into English_ many years ago. +The Welsh dogs of Annwn, or "couriers of the air"--the spirit-hounds +who hunt the souls of the dead--are part of that popular belief +existing among all nations, which delivers up the noon of night to +ungracious influences, that "fade on the crowing of the cock." + + +"THE WILD HUNTSMAN. + + "At the dead of the night the Wild Huntsman awakes, + In the deepest recess of the dark forest's brakes; + He lists to the storm, and arises in scorn. + He summons his hounds with his far-sounding horn; + He mounts his black steed; like the lightning they fly + And sweep the hush'd forest with snort and with cry. + Loud neighs his black courser; hark his horn, how 'tis swelling! + He chases his comrades, his hounds wildly yelling. + Speed along! speed along! for the race is all ours; + Speed along! speed along! while the midnight still lours; + The spirits of darkness will chase him in scorn, + Who dreads our wild howl, and the shriek of our horn, + Thus yelling and belling they sweep on the wind, + The dread of the pious and reverent mind: + But all who roam gladly in forests, by night, + This conflict of spirits will strangely delight." + +J.M. + +Oxford, March 13. + + * * * * * + +ON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. VI. + +In the union of scholarship, polished manners, and amiability of +character, we have had few men to surpass the reverend Joseph Spence. +His career was suitable to his deserts. He was fortunate in his +connections, fortunate in his appointments, and fortunate in his share +of fame. + +His fame, however, is somewhat diminished. His _Essay on the Odyssey_, +which procured him the friendship of Pope, has ceased to be in +request; his _Polymetis_, once the ornament of every choice library, +has been superseded by the publications of Millin and Smith; his poems +are only to be met with in the collections of Dodsley and Nichols. If +we now dwell with pleasure on his name, it is chiefly as a recorder +of the sayings of others--it is on account of his assiduity in making +_notes!_ I allude to the volume entitled _Anecdotes, observations, +and characters of books and men_, which was edited by my friend Mr. +Singer, with his wonted care and ability in 1820. + +The _Essay on the Odyssey_ was first published anonymously in 1726-7. +It was reprinted in 1737 and 1747. A copy of the latter edition, now +in my possession, contains this curious note:-- + + "It is remarkable that of twelve passages objected to in this + critique on the English Odyssey, _two_ only are found in those + books which were translated by Pope. + + "From Mr. Langton, who had his information from Mr. Spence. + + "When Spence carried his preface to Gorboduc in {364} 1736 to + Pope, he asked him his opinion. Pope said 'It would do very + well; there was nothing _pert_ or _low_ in it.' Spence was + satisfied with this praise, which however, was in implied + censure on all his other writings.--He is very fond of the + familiar vulgarisms of common talk, and is the very reverse of + Dr. Johnson. + +"E.M." [Edmond Malone.] + +The note is not signed at length, but there can be no doubt as to its +authorship, as I purchased the volume which contains it at the sale of +the unreserved books of Mr. Malone in 1818. + +Bolton Corney. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +NICHOLAS BRETON'S "CROSSING OF PROVERBS." + +Although my query respecting William Basse and his poem, "Great +Britain's Sun's Set," (No. 13. p. 200), produced no positive +information touching that production, it gave an opportunity to some +of your correspondents to communicate valuable intelligence relating +to the author and to other works by him, for which I, for one, was +very much obliged. If I did not obtain exactly what I wanted, I +obtained something that hereafter may be extremely useful; and that +I could not, perhaps, have obtained in any other way than through the +medium of your pleasant and welcome periodical. + +I am now, therefore, about to put a question regarding another writer +of more celebrity and ability. Among our early pamphleteers, there was +certainly none more voluminous than Nicholas Breton, who began writing +in 1575, and did not lay down his pen until late in the reign of +James I. A list of his pieces (by no means complete, but the fullest +that has been compiled) may be seen in Lowndes's _Bibl. Manual_; +it includes several not by Breton, among them Sir Philip Sidney's +_Ourania_, 1606, which in fact is by a person of the name Backster; +and it omits the one to which my present communication refers, and +regarding which I am at some loss. + +In the late Mr. Heber's _Catalogue_, part iv. p. 10., I read as +follows, under the name of Nicholas Breton:-- + + "Crossing of Proverbs. The Second Part, with certaine briefe + Questions and Answeres, by N.B., Gent. Extremely rare and very + curious, _but imperfect_. It appears to contain a portion of + the first part, and also of the second; but it appears to be + unknown." + +Into whose hands this fragment devolved I know not; and that is one +point I am anxious to ascertain, because I have another fragment, +which consists of what is evidently the first sheet of the first part +of the tract in question, with the following title-page, which I quote +_totidem literis_:-- + + "Crossing of Proverbs. Crosse-Answeres. And Crosse-Humours. By + B.N., Gent. At London, Printed for John Wright, and are to be + solde at his Shop without Newgate, at the signe of the Bible, + 1616." + +It is in 8vo., as Heber's fragment appears to have been; but then the +initials of the author are given as N.B., whereas in my fragment they +stand B.N., a usual inversion with Nicholas Breton; the brief address +"To the Reader" is also subscribed B.N.; and then begins the body of +the work, thus headed: "Crosse and Pile, or, Crossing of Proverbs." It +opens as follows: + + "_Proverb_. The more the merrier. + _Cross_. Not so; one hand is enough in a purse. + _P._ Every man loves himselfe best. + _C._ Not so, when man is undone by suretyship. + _P._ He that runnes fastest gets most ground. + _C._ Not so, for then foote-men would have more land than their masters. + _P._ He runnes far that never turnes. + _C._ Not so, he may breake his necke in a short course. + _P._ No man can call againe yesterday. + _C._ Yes, hee may call till his heart ake, though it never come. + _P._ Had I wist was a foole. + _C._ No, he was a foole that said so." + +And so it proceeds, not without humour and point, here and there +borrowing from known sources, as in the following:-- + + "_Proverb._ The world is a long journey. + _Cros._ Not so, the sunne goes it every day. + _P._ It is a great way to the bottom of the sea. + _C._ Not so, it is but a stone's cast." + +However, my object is not to give specimens of the production further +than are necessary for its identification. My queries are, 1st, Who +bought Mr. Heber's fragment, and where is it now to be found? 2nd, Are +any of your correspondents aware of the existence of a perfect copy of +the work? + +I naturally take a peculiar interest about Nicholas Breton, because +I have in my possession an unknown collection of amatory and pastoral +poems by him, printed in quarto in 1604, in matter and measure obvious +imitations of productions in "The Passionate Pilgrim," 1599, imputed +to Shakespeare, and some of which are unquestionably by Richard +Barnfield. + +Any new information regarding Breton and his works will be most +acceptable to me. I am already in possession of undoubted proof that +he was the Nicholas Breton whose epitaph is on the chancel-wall of the +church of Norton, in Northamptonshire, a point Ritson seems to have +questioned. + +J. Payne Collier. + +March 30. 1850. + + * * * * * + +THE SWORD CALLED CURTANA. + +In the wardrobe account for the year 1483, are "iij swerdes, whereof +oon with a flat poynte, {365} called _curtana_, and ij other swords, +all iij swords covered in a yerde di of crymysym tisshue cloth of +gold." + +The name of _curtana_ for many ages continued to be given to the first +royal sword in England. It existed as long ago as the reign of Henry +III., at whose coronation (A.D. 1236) it was carried by the Earl of +Chester. We find it at the coronations of Edward II. and Richard II.; +also in the time of Henry IV., Richard III., and Henry VII.; and among +the royal arms of Edward VI. we read of "a swerde called _curtana_." + +Can any of your readers explain the origin of the name _curtana_, +a sword so famous that it carries us back to the days of ancient +chivalry, when it was wielded by the Dane _Uggiero_, or by the still +more famed _Orlando_. + +Edward F. Rimbault. + + * * * * * + +IS THE DOMBEC THE DOMESDAY OF ALFRED? + +I beg to propose the following "Query":--Is the _Dombec_, a work +referred to in the Laws of Edward the Elder, the same as what has been +called the Domesday or Winchester Book of Alfred the Great? I incline +to think that it is not, and shall be much obliged to any of your +correspondents, learned in the Anglo-Saxon period of our history, who +will give himself the trouble of resolving my doubts. + +Sir Henry Spelman, in his Glossary _voce Dombec_, calls it the _Liber +Judicialis_ of the Anglo-Saxons; and says it is mentioned in the first +chapter of the laws of Edward the Elder, where the king directs his +judges to conduct themselves in their judicial proceedings as on [Old +English: thaere dom bec stand], that is, as _is enjoined in their Dome +Book_.--"Quod," he continues, "an de praecedentium Regum legibus quae +hodie extant, intelligendum sit: an de alio quopiam libro hactenus non +prodeunte, incertum est." + +But this uncertainty does not seem to have attached itself to the +mind of Sir William Blackstone; for in the third section of the +Introduction prefixed to his _Commentaries on the Laws of England_, he +informs us that our antiquaries "tell us that in the time of Alfred, +the local customs of the several provinces of the kingdom were grown +so various, that he found it expedient to compile his _Dome Book_, or +_Liber Judicialis_, for the general use of the whole kingdom." This +book is said to have been extant so late as the reign of King Edward +IV., but is now unfortunately lost. It contained, we may probably +suppose, the principal maxims of the common law, the penalties for +misdemeanors, and the forms of judicial proceedings. Thus much may be +at least collected from that injunction to observe it, which we find +in the Laws of King Edward the Elder, the son of Alfred.--"_Omnibus +qui reipublicae praesunt etiam atque etiam mando, ut omnibus aequos +se praebeant judices, perinde ac in judiciali libro_ (Saxonice, [Old +English: dom bec]) _scriptum habetur: nec quidquid formident quin +jus commune_ (Saxonice, [Old English: folcrihte]) _audactes libereque +dicant._" + +But notwithstanding this, it appears to me by no means conclusive, +that the _Dombec_ referred to in the Laws of Edward the Elder and the +_Liber Judicialis_ of Alfred are the same; on the contrary, Alfred's +_Liber Judicialis_ seems to have been known not under the name +of _Dombec_, but under that of the _Winchester Roll_, from the +circumstance of its having been principally kept at Winchester: and +Sir Henry Spelman says, the Domesday Book of William the Conqueror was +sometimes called _Rotulus Wintoniae, a similitudine antiquoris_, from +its resemblance to an older document preserved at Winchester. And he +quotes Ingulphus Abbot of Croyland, who says, "Iste rotulus (i.e. the +Domesday Book of William) vocatus est Rotulus Wintoniae, et ab Anglicis +pro sua generalitate, omnia tenementa totius terrae integre continente +_Domesday_ cognominatur." And the he proceeds, "Talem rotulum et +multum similem; ediderat quondam Rex Alfredus, in quo totam terram +Angliae per comitatus, centurias, et decurias descripserat, sicut +praenotatur. Qui quidem Rotulus Wintoniae vocatus est, quia deponebatur +apud Wintoniam conservandus," &c. + +Here is nothing said of this work being called [Old English: dom bec]: +neither does Spelman, in his enumeration of the works of Alfred, +give the least intimation that any one of his collections of laws was +called [Old English: dom bec]. + +We know, indeed, that Alfred compiled a code of laws for his subjects; +but whether any part of them has been preserved, or how much of them +is embodied in subsequent codes, cannot now be determined. Asser +mentions that he frequently reprimanded the judges for wrong +judgments; and Spelman, that he wrote "a book against unjust +magistrates," but any complete body of laws, if such was ever framed +by Alfred, is now lost; and that attributed to him in Wilkin's _Leges +Anglo-Saxon_, is held in suspicion by most writers. + +For these reasons, and considering that Sir William Blackstone's +knowledge of English history was rather superficial, I incline to the +belief, that the [Old English: dom bec] referred to in the laws of +Edward the Elder, was some collection of laws made _prior_ to the time +of Alfred: this might clearly be the case, as Sharon Turner informs +us that the Saxon laws were committed to writing as early as the +commencement of the 7th century. + +The opinions of your learned correspondents on this disputed point may +be of much interest to many of your readers, and to none more than to + +George Munford. + +East Winch. + + * * * * *{366} + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_MSS. of the Wycliffite Translations of the Scriptures_.--The Add. MS. +15,521., in the British Museum, contains a copy of Lewis's edition +of the _Wycliffite New Testament_, printed in 1731, with manuscript +notes by Ames and Lewis, and the former has transcribed into it some +_additional prologues_, prefixed to each book of the New Testament, +which had not been printed by Lewis, and were taken by Ames from a MS. +of the New Testament, written in 1424, and in 1731 in the possession +of Thomas Granger. It would be very desirable to learn what became of +this MS. subsequently. Granger died in the following year, but the +MS. does not appear in the sale catalogue of his library, nor is it +found in the catalogue of Ames's own library, dispersed in 1760. Any +information relative to this remarkable copy of the New Testament, +would be very acceptable to the Editors of the _Wycliffite Versions +of the Scriptures_, who are now, after a literary labour of more than +twenty years, about to bring the work to a conclusion. They would +also feel much obliged by the communication of any notices of MSS. of +the Wycliffite versions, _existing in private hands_, exclusive of +those copies of which they already possess descriptions, existing in +the libraries of the following individuals:--Mrs. Allanson of Farn, +Flintshire, the Earl of Ashburnham, Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart., Sir +Peregrine Ackland, Bart., Sir David Dundas, H.M. Judge Advocate, Dr. +Cardwell, Principal of St. Alban's Hall, Oxford, and Thomas Bannister, +Esq. + +F. Madden. + +British Museum, March 28. + + +_Why are Gloves not worn before Royalty?_--Can any of your readers +inform me what is the origin of the custom observed at Court, of +persons in the royal presence not wearing gloves? Is it a matter of +pure etiquette, or does the observance of it derive its origins from +barbarous times, when chivalry was little else than barbarism in +armour? + +F.E. + + +_Law Courts at St. Albans_.--Can any of your correspondents give +me the reference to a communication in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ +(between, I think, the years 1815 and 1836), in which a passage +in Massinger, which alludes to lawyers going to St. Albans, is +illustrated by an inscription in the nave of St. Alban's Abbey Church, +which records that the courts were held there on account of the +sweating-sickness in the reign of Elizabeth? + +[Greek: Sigma.] + + +_Richard Haley, or Hales.--Milton Pedigree_.--I should feel obliged +by any particulars respecting Richard Haley, or Hales, of Idlestreete, +otherwise Ilstreyd, in com. Hertford, yeoman; my object being to +ascertain the nature of some transaction he had with Milton, in July +1674, referred to in a bond which the former executed, dated the +27th of that month, for performance of the covenants contained in an +indenture of even date. + +Is any thing known of Richard Milton, who signs his name as the +attesting witness to the releases given by two of the poet's daughters +for their share of his estate? Is there any pedigree of the family of +Sir Christopher Milton, the poet's brother, drawn up with sufficient +apparent accuracy to exclude the probability of Richard Milton being +his son? I have referred to the pedigree in the British Museum (Harl. +MS. 5802. fo. 19b.), which makes no mention of the letter; but it is +evidently so imperfect a notice, as to be of little authority one way +or other. + +J.F.M. + + +_Sapcote Motto_.--Over the old gatehouse of Elton, co. Hunts., built +by the family of Sapcote, is their coat of arms, namely, "three +dove-cotes;" and upon a scroll, surrounding the lower part of the +shield, is carved a motto, evidently French, and as evidently cut by +a person ignorant of that language. So far as I can decypher it, the +letters appear to be + + sco toot X vinic [or umic] + X poncs. + +Possibly the first and last letters _s_ are only flourishes. I shall +be glad of any suggestion as to its meaning. + +I have not been able to find the Sapcote motto on record; and I +believe the Carysfoot family, the possessors of Elton, and the Duke +of Bedford, the heir in blood, to be ignorant of what this scroll is +intended to represent. + +Erminois. + +Athenaeum Club. + + +_Scala Coeli_.--In a will, dated 12 Hen. VIII., the testator directs +that there shall be four trentals of Saint Gregory said for his soul +at London at "Scala Coeli." Can any of your readers explain what place +is meant by "Scala Coeli?" + +A Subscriber. + + +_Illustrations of Gresset's "Vert Vert," painted on Enamel, &c._--In +a Paris edition of Gresset's Works (Janet et Cotelle, 1823), in the +preface is the following passage.-- + + "Vert-vert fut bientot dans toutes les mains. Le suffrage de + la multitude se joignit a celui des connoisseurs; la mode, qui + est aussi en possession de donner son suffrage, s'empressa de + parer les ajustemens d'invention recente, du nom de l'illustre + perroquet; _les vases d'ornement, les vases usuels_ qui + sortoient des fabriques francoises, retracoient presque tous + quelques episodes du petit poeme. Un artist dont le nom est + venu jusqu'a nous, Raux, en _peignit sur email les sujets + les plus marquants_; et tandis qu'on faisoit passer dans une + version latine les vers elegants du poete jesuite, M. Bertin, + ministre d'etat, le gratifioit d'un magnifique _cabaret_ de + Sevres, dont toutes les pieces reproduisoient les aventures + de son heros, ce qui fit dire a Gresset, _qu'on le traduisoit + aussi en porcelaine de Sevres_." {367} + +The _Query_ I wish to make is, Have any of these illustrations or +designs from Gresset's poem of Vert-vert, painted on enamel china, or +earthenware of any sort, of French or any other manufacture, come to +light of late years? or more lately still, among the articles that +have been dispersed among various buyers of almost all nations, in the +sales within these few weeks effected at Paris? + +Robert Snow. + + +_Urbanus Regius_.--A friend of mine, a delightful old lady, fresh, +genial, and inquisitive, has in her possession an old volume, a family +heir-loom, which is not the less dear to her for being somewhat dingy +and dilapidated, and touching which she would gladly receive such +information as your correspondents can supply. + +It is made up of three apparently distinct treatises; the first +(of which several leaves are wanting) on the twelve articles of the +Apostles' Creed. The second is "The ryght foundation, and pryncypall +common places of the hole godly Scripture," &c., by Doctor Urbanus +Regius. Prefixed is an epistle to Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury +(evidently Cranmer), to whom "Hys dayly oratoure, Gwalter Lynne (the +writer of the epistle), wyssheth lyfe euerlastynge." Between this +second treatise and the third, and apparently belonging to the latter, +is a title-page with the following inscription: + + "Imprinted for Gwalter Lynne, dwelling upon Somers Kaye, by + Byllinges gate. In the yeare of oure Lorde. MDXLVIII. And they + by [_sic_] to be solde at Poules church yarde at the north + doore, In the signe of the By-bell, By Richard Jugge." + +This last treatise is in smaller type than the others, and has no +general designation: it contains chapters on various subjects, e.g. +"The Signification of Baptism," &c. + +Query 1. Is this volume well known? 2. Who were Urbanus Regius and +Walter Lynne? + +G.P. + +March 16. 1850. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + +THE ARABIC NUMERALS AND CIPHER. + +I might, with a little more consideration, have referred "E.V." to +several other authorities which he will do well to consult. + +9. Wallis's _Algebra_, p. 9. and p. 153. of the additions. + +10. _Phil. Trans._, Nos. 439. and 475. + +11. Montucla, _Histoire des Mathematiques_, tom. i. chap. 2. + +12. Baillie, _Histoire de l'Astronomie_. + +13. Delambre[1], _Hist. de l'Astr. du moyen age_. + +14. Hutton's _Tracts_ (8vo. ed. 1812.), vol. ii. (subject "History of +Algebra") + +15. Huet, _Demonstratio Evangelica_. + +16. Dr. John Taylor's Translation of the _Lilawati_. (Bombay, 1816.) + +17. Strachey's Translation of the _Bija Ganita_[2]. + +18. Colebrooke's _Algebra of the Hindus_. + +Would it not be worth while to give a _facsimile_ of the "Tabel for +all manere of merchauntes," in the "Notes and Queries"? It is not only +a curiosity, but an important element (and unique as far as is known) +in the philosophic history of our arithmetic. It was, no doubt, an +actual instrument in constant use in the merchant's office, as much so +as an almanac, interest-tables, a "cambist" and a copying-press, are +now. + +As regards the cipher, the difficulty only commenced with _writing +numbers_ in the new symbology. With persons accustomed to the use +of this instrument, there is no doubt that the mode of obviating the +difficulty of "keeping the place," would suggest itself at once. In +this instrument an empty hole (without its peg) _signified_ "none of +this denomination." What then more simple than to make the outline +of the empty hole which occupied the "local position" of any +denomination, when none of that precise denomination occurred in the +number itself? Under this view the process at least becomes simple +and natural; and as the early merchants contributed so largely to the +improvement of our arithmetical processes, such a conclusion is wholly +divested of improbability on any other ground. The circle would then +naturally become, as it certainly has practically become, the most +appropriate symbol of _nothingness_. + +As regards the term _cipher_ or _zero_ (which are so obviously the +same as to need no remark), it is admitted on all hands to be derived +from one or other of the Semitic languages, the Hebrew or the Arabic. +It is customery with the mathematical historians to refer it to the +Arabic, they being in general more conversant with it than with the +Hebrew. The Arabic being a smaller hand than the Hebrew, a dot was +used instead of the circle for marking the "place" at which the hiatus +of any "denomination" occurred. If we obtained our cipher from this, +it would be made hollow (a mere _ceinture_, girdle, or ring) to +save the trouble of making a dot sufficiently large to correspond in +magnitude with our other numerals as we write them. Either is alike +possible--probability must be sought, for either over the other, from +a slightly different source. + +The root-words in Hebrew and in Arabic are precisely the same +(_ts-ph-r_), though in the two {368} languages, and at different ages +of the same language, they might have been vowelised differently. +In some shape or other, this name is used in all countries that have +derived their arithmetic from mediaeval Italy, or from the Saracens. It +is with some _cipher_, with others _chiffre_, and with all _zero_. The +word is certainly no more Italian than it is French or English. Be it +remembered, too, that _ezor_ (quoted at p. 268.), as a _girdle_, is +radically the same word, somewhat mutilated. The cardinal meaning of +the word (denuded of the conventional accretions of signification, +which peculiar applications of it adds to the cardinal meaning) +appears to be _emptiness_, _hollowness_, _nothingness_. It may be +further remarked, that in the fine Chartres MS. of Boetius, described +by Chasles, the 0 is called _sipos_:--the same name, he remarks, +that Graves found in use in the East. The modern Turks call the 0, +_tsifra_. + +It is curious enough that in all languages, the term _ciphering_ is +popularly used to denote all arithmetical operations whatever. +Our schoolboys do their "ciphering," and write carefully in their +"ciphering-books." This all seems to point to the art of dispensing +with the use of the abacus or counting table. + +T.S.D. + +Shooter's Hill, March 5. + +[1] The best account, because the most consistent and +intelligible, of the Greek arithmetic, is that by Delambre, affixed to +Peyraud's edition of Archimedes. + +[2] At a period of leisure I may be tempted to send you a few +extracts, somewhat curious, from some of the papers of Mr. Strachey in +my possession. + + +_Arabic Numerals_.--I had replied to "E.V." (No. 15. p. 230.), when +I saw by your "Notice to Correspondents," that the question was +answered. I therefore waited the publication of the replies, which I +find do not embrace any one of the points to which I would call the +attention of "E.V."--Diophantus of Alexandria, who flourished about +150 years after Christ, and who wrote thirteen books of algebra or +arithmetic in the Greek language, is generally supposed to be the +oldest writer on the subject that has come down to our time; but it +was not from him that we received the knowledge of algebra in Europe. +It appears certain that the first knowledge of this science in +England was from Italy or Spain, after the Moors settled in the latter +country; and the Arabians and Persians appear to have derived their +arithmetical method of computing by ten characters from the Indians: +who, in their turn, have most probably borrowed from the Chinese, and +improved on their method by the adoption of a zero, which was one of +the most important improvements effected by the Hindoos. In China, +the words ancient and modern are almost synonymous; their usages +and customs being so unchangeable, as appears by their instrument +of computation, the _swanpan_, which is still used in all their +calculations. The Oriental scholar will find much curious and +interesting information connected with this subject in the Sanscrit +_Vija Ganita_ and _Lilivati_ of Bhaskara Acharya: the former +was translated into Persian at Agra, or Delhi, in 1634, and the +latter by Fyzee in 1587; but there are also English translations, +all of which are in the library of the Royal Asiatic Society. The +_Khalasah-ul-Hisah_ is another work of repute in India. Mr. Strachey +wrote and printed in India, for the _Asiatic Researches_, a valuable +paper, which contains most conclusive evidence of the Indian (if not +Chinese) origin of our numerals. See also _Astronomie Indienne_, +of M. Bailly; 2d vol. _Asiatic Researches_, "On the Astronomical +Computations of the Hindoos," by Saml. Davis; "Two Dissertations on +Indian Astronomy and Trigonometry," by Professor Playfair, in the 2d +and 4th vols. of the _Edinburgh Philosophical Transactions_. And many +others might be referred to; but all tending to prove that our numbers +came originally from China and India, through Persia, Arabia, Africa, +Spain, and Italy, by gradual and successive changes in form, several +of them still retaining a close resemblance to the ancient and modern +Sanscrit, Chinese, Arabic, Persian, and Hindoo numerals. + +Henry Wilkinson. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +I send you a few Notes on Queries scattered through some of the later +numbers of your very valuable publication: + +_Anonymous Ravennas_.--In the library of the Royal Geographical +Society, I believe there is a copy of an 8vo. edition of that +cosmography. + +_Selago_.--This plant, I should think it probable, is the _Lycopodium +clavatum_ of modern botanists; the seeds of which, when ripe, and when +the plant is struck, rise like smoke ("fumum" of Pliny), and may have +been supposed, from their remarkable inflammability when dashed into +a flame, igniting with a sudden flash, to have possessed wonderful +virtues. The species known as _Lycopodium selago_ is rare in +comparison to the other. + +_Portugal_.--In the library of the Geographical Society are some of +the more recent works published in Lisbon on the topography of that +country, but they are generally very meagre and unsatisfactory. In a +periodical published in Lisbon in numbers, on the plan of the _Penny +Magazine_, there is a good deal of information, with engravings, +regarding many places of interest in Portugal. I think it is called +_The Album_, but I am sorry I have not at present the power of sending +you more correct particulars concerning it. It is in 4to. + +Portugal is a country that is so little travelled in either by natives +or foreigners, that information regarding places in the interior +is not easily obtained; and facilities for travelling, as well as +accommodation for travellers, is of a very limited description. + +_Sir Roger de Coverley_.--In one of your early numbers was a query on +this subject, which I do not think has been yet answered. I have a MS. +{369} account of the family of Calverley, of Calverley, in Yorkshire, +an autograph of Ralph Thoresby in the year 1717, in which occurs the +following passage:-- + + "_Roger_, so named from the Archbishop" (of York), "was + a person of renowned hospitality, since, at this day, the + obsolete known tune of _Roger a Calverley_ is referred to + him, who, according to the custom of those times, kept his + _minstrells_, from that their office named _harpers_, which + became a family and possessed lands till late years in and + about _Calverley_, called to this day _Harpersroids_ and + _Harper's Spring_.... He was a knight, and lived in the time + of K. Richard 1st. His seal, appended to one of his charters, + is large, with a chevalier on horseback." + +W. CALVERLEY TREVELYAN. + + * * * * * + +DERIVATIONS OF "NEWS." + +It is not declared with what motive "Mr. GUTCH" (No. 17. p. 270.) has +laid before the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" the alleged derivation +of N.E.W.S. + +It must therefore be supposed, that his object was to have its +justness and probability commented upon; and it is quite time that +they should be so, since the derivation in question has of late become +quite a favourite authoritative dictum with etymology compilers. +Thus it may be found, in the very words and form adopted by your +correspondent, in Haydn's _Dictionary of Dates_, and in other +authorities of equal weight. + +This sort of initial-letter derivation was probably brought into +fashion in England by the alleged origin of "Cabal," or, perhaps, by +the many guesses at the much disputed word "AEra." I shall take the +liberty of quoting a few sentences with reference to such etymologies, +_as a class_, which I find in an unpublished manuscript upon a kindred +subject. + + "Besides, such a splitting up of a word of significant and + perfect meaning in itself is always a bad and suspicious mode + of derivation. + + "It is generally an after-thought, suggested by some + fortuitous or fancied coincidence, that appropriateness of + which is by no means a sufficient proof of probability. + + "Of this there can scarcely be a better example than the + English word 'news,' which, notwithstanding the felicity of + its supposed derivation from the four cardinal points, must, + nevertheless, so long as the corresponding words 'nova,' + 'nouvelles,' &c. exist, be consigned to its more sober and + common-place origin in the adjective '_new_.'" + +To this it must be added that the ancient orthography of the word +_newes_, completely upsets the derivation Mr. Gutch has brought before +your readers. Hone quotes from "one Burton, printed in 1614: 'if any +one read now-a-days, it is a play-book, or _a pamphlet_ of _newes_." + +I had been in two minds whether or not to send this communication, +when the scale is completely turned by the apropos occurrence of a +corroboration of this latter objection in "NOTES AND QUERIES" of this +day. Mr. Rimbault mentions (at p. 277.), "a rare black letter volume +entitled _Newes from Scotland_, 1591." + +Here is one more proof of the usefulness of your publication, that I +am thus enabled to strengthen the illustration of a totally different +subject by the incidental authority of a fellow correspondent. + +A.E.B. + +Leeds, March, 1850. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Swot_ is, as the querist supposes, a military cant term, and +a sufficiently vulgar one too. It originated at the great +slang-manufactory for the army, the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. +You may depend upon the following account of it, which I had many +years ago from the late Thomas Leybourne, F.R.S., Senior Professor of +Mathematics in that college. + +One of the Professors, Dr. William Wallace, in addition to his being a +Scotchman, had a bald head, and an exceedingly "broad Scotch" accent, +besides a not very delicate discrimination in the choice of his +English terms relating to social life. It happened on one hot summer's +day, nearly half a century ago, that he had been teaching a class, +and had worked himself into a considerable effusion from the skin. He +took out his handkerchief, rubbed his head and forehead violently, and +exclaimed in his Perthshire dialect,--"_It maks one swot_." This was +a God-send to the "gentlemen cadets," wishing to achieve a notoriety +as wits and slangsters; and mathematics generally ever after became +_swot_, and mathematicians _swots_. I have often heard it said:--"I +never could do _swot_ well, Sir;" and "these dull fellows, the +_swots_, can talk of nothing but triangles and equations." + +I should have thought that the _sheer disgustingness_ of the +idea would have shut the word out of the vocabularies of English +_gentlemen_. It remains nevertheless a standard term in the vocabulary +of an English soldier. It is well, at all events, that future ages +should know its etymology. + +T.S.D. + + +_Pokership_, (_ante_, pp. 185. 218. 269. 282. 323, 324.)--I am sorry +to see that no progress has yet been made towards a satisfactory +explanation of this office. I was in hopes that something better than +mere conjecture would have been supplied from the peculiar facilities +of "T.R.F." "W.H.C." (p. 323.) has done little more than refer to the +same instruments as had been already adverted to by me in p. 269., +with the new reading {370} of _poulterer_ for poker! With repect to +"T.R.F.'s" conjecture, I should be more ready to accept it if he +could produce a single example of the word _pawker_, in the sense of +a hog-warden. The quotation from the Pipe-roll of John is founded on +a mistake. The entry occurs in other previous rolls, and is there +clearly explained to refer to the _porter of Hereford Castle_. Thus, +in Pipe 2 Hen. II. and 3 Hen. II. we have, under Hereford, + + "In liberatione portarii castelli ... 30s. 5d." + +In Pipe 1 Ric. I. we have, + + "In liberatione constituta portarii de Hereford, 30s. 5d." + +Again, in Pipe 3 Joh. + + "In liberatione constituta portario de Hereford, 30s. 5d." + +A similar entry is to be found in other rolls, as well printed as +inedited. I could indulge some other criticisms on the communication +of your correspondent in Spring Gardens, but I prefer encouraging +him to make further inquiries, and to produce from the records in +his custody some more satisfactory solution of the difficulty. In the +meantime, let me refer to a Survey of Wrigmore Castle in the Lansdowne +Collection, No. 40. fo. 82. The surveyor there reports, that the +paling, rails, &c. of the park are much decayed in many and sundry +places, and he estimates the repairs, with allowance of timber from +the wood there, "by good surveye and oversight of the _poker_ and +other officers of the said parke," at 4l. The date of the survey is 13 +May, 1584. + +Comparing this notice of the office with the receiver's accounts +tempore Hen. VII. and Hen. VIII. (_ante_, p. 269.), in which the +officer is called "pocarius omnium boscorum," I cannot doubt that his +duty, or at least one of his duties, was that of woodward, and that, +as such, he assigned timber for repair of the premises. How he came by +his local title and style of poker is a mystery on which we have all +hitherto failed to throw any light. + +E.S. + + +_Vox Populi Vox Dei_,--about the origin of which saying "QUAESITOR" +asks (No. 21. p. 321.),--were the words chosen by the Archbishop of +Canterbury, Simon Mepham, as his text for the sermon which he preached +when Edward III. was called to the throne, from which the nation had +pulled down his father, Edward II. This we learn from Walsingham, who +says: + + "Archiepiscopus vero Cantuariae praesenti consensit electioni, + ut omnes praelati et archiepiscopus quidem assumpto themate, + _Vox populi Vox Dei_, sermonem fecit populo, exhortans + omnes ut apud regem regum intercederent pro electo."--Tho. + Walsingham, _Hist. Angl._ ed. Camden, p. 126. + +DANIEL ROCK. + + +_A living Dog better than a dead Lion_.--I no not know whether your +correspondent (No. 22. p. 352.) ever goes to church; but if he is not +prevented by rain next St. Swithin's day, he will learn who was the +author of this proverb. It will be a good thing, if your work should +sometimes lead your readers to search the Scriptures, and give them +credit for wisdom that has flowed from them so long, and far, and +wide, that its source is forgotten; but this is not the place for a +sermon, and I now only add, "here endeth the first lesson" from + +ECCLESIASTES. + + ["J.E.," "D.D.," and other correspondents, have also replied + to this Query by references to Eccl. ix. 4.] + + +_Curious Monumental Brass_ (No. 16. p. 247.)--If "RAHERE" will turn to +Mr. Boutell's _Monumental Brasses and Slabs_, p. 148., he will there +find a description as well as an engraving of what, from his account, +I doubt not he will discover to be the identical fragment to which he +refers. A foot legend, and what remains of a border inscription, is +added to it. In the above work, pp. 147 to 155, and in the Oxford +Architectural Society's _Manual for the Study of Brasses_, p. 15., +"RAHERE" will find an account and references to numerous examples of +palimpsest brasses, to which class the one in question belongs. + +I presume that "RAHERE" is a young brass-rubber, or the fact of a +plate being engraved on both sides would have presented no difficulty +to him. + +ARUN. + + [We have received several other replies to this Query, + referring to Mr. Boutell's _Monumental Brasses_: one from + "W."; another from "A CORNISHMAN," who says,-- + + "The brass in question, when I saw it last, had been + removed from the Rectory and placed in the tomb of Abbot + Wheathampstead, in company with the famous one of Thomas + Delamere, another Abbot of St. Albans." + + Another from "E.V.," who states,-- + + "Other examples are found at St. Margaret's, Rochester (where + the cause of the second engraving is found to be an error in + costume in the first), St. Martins at Plain, Norwich, Hedgerly + Church, Bucks, and Burwell Church, Cambridgeshire. Of this + last, an engraving and description, by Mr. A.W. Franks, + is given in the fourteenth part of the Publications of the + Cambridge Antiquarian Society." + + One from "WILLIAM SPARROW SIMPSON," who says,-- + + "It is also described in the Oxford Architectural Society's + _Manual of Mon. Brasses_, No. 6. pp. 6, 7. other examples of + which occur at Rochester, Kent, and at Cobham, Surrey. A small + plate of brass, in the possession of a friend, has on one side + a group of children, and on the reverse the uplifted hands of + an earlier figure." + + And lastly, one from "A.P.H." (to which we cannot do ample + justice, as we do not keep an engraver), from which we extract + the following passages:-- + + "A friend of mine has a shield in his possession, taken from + a slab, and which has been enamelled. It is of late date + and rudely executed. On the back is {371} seen the hands and + breast of a small female figure, very nearly a century earlier + in date. I can also remember an inscription in Cuxton Church, + Kent, which was loose, and had another inscription on the back + in the same manner. + + "I am very much impressed with the idea that the destroyed + brasses never had been used at all; but had been engraved, + and then, from circumstances that of course we cannot hope to + fathom, thrown on one side till the metal might be used for + some other purpose. This, I think, is a more probable, as well + as a more charitable explanation than the one usually given of + the so-called palimpsest brasses."] + + +_Chapels_ (No. 20. p. 333.).--As to the origin of the name, will you +allow me to refer Mr. Gatty to Ducange's _Glossary_, where he will +find much that is to his purpose. + +As to its being "a legal description," I will not undertake to +give an opinion without a fee; but I will mention a fact which may +assist him in forming one. I believe that fifty years ago the word +_Chapel_ was very seldom used among those who formed what was termed +the "Dissenting Interest;" that is, the three "denominations" of +Independents, Baptists, and Presbyterians. But I well recollect +hearing, from good authority, nearly, or quite, forty years ago, that +an eminent barrister (whom I might now describe as a late learned +judge), who was much looked up to by the dissenters as one of their +body, had particularly advised that in all trust-deeds relating to +places of dissenting worship, they should be called "Chapels." I do +not know that he assigned any reason, but I know that the opinion was +given, or communicated, to those who had influence; and, from my own +observation, I believe that from about that time we must date the +adoption of the term, which has now been long in general use. + +I do not imagine that there was any idea of either assistance +or opposition to the Church of England, in the mind of him who +recommended, or those who adopted, the alteration, or that either +of them expected or sought any thing by this measure but to obtain +a greater security for property, or, rather, to avoid some real +or imagined insecurity, found or supposed to attach to the form of +description previously in use. + +A BARRISTER. + + +_Forlot, Forthlot_ (No. 20. p. 320.).--A measure of grain used +throughout Scotland at present--query _fourthlot_. See Jamieson's +_Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language_. + + "_Firlot; Fyrlot; Furlet_.--A corn measure in S., the fourth + part of a boll. + + "Thay ordainit the boll to mat victual with, to be devidit + in foure partis, _videlicet_, foure _fyrlottis_ to contene + a boll; and that _fyrlot_ not to be maid efter the first + mesoure, na efter the mesoure now usit, bot in middill mesoure + betwixt the twa."--_Acts Jac._ l. 1526. c. 80. edit. 1566. + + "--Ane furme, ane furlet, + Ane pott, ane pek." + + Bannatyne _Poems_, p. 159. + +Skinner derives it from A.-S. _feower_, quatuor; and _lot_, _hlot_, +portio (the fourth part); Teut. "_viertel_." + +J.S. + + +_Loscop_ (No. 20. p. 319).--To be "Louecope-free" is one of the +immunities granted to the Cinque Ports in their charters of Liberties. + +Jeakes explains the term thus:-- + + "The Saxon word Cope (in Low Dutch still Kope or Koope), for + trade or merchandising, makes this as much as to trade freely + for love. So that by no kind of monopoly patent, or company or + society of traders or merchants, the portsmen be hindered from + merchandising; but freely and for love, be permitted to trade + and traffick, even by such company of merchants, whenever it + shall happen their concerns lie together." + +In my MSS., and in the print of Jeakes, it is "Louecope," with which +"Lofcope" may be readily identified; and _f_ may easily be misread for +_s_, especially if the roll be obscured. + +If Jeakes's etymology of the word be correct, the inference would +rather be that "Lovecope" was a tax for the goodwill of the port +at which a merchant vessel might arrive; a "port duty" in fact, +independent of "lastage" &c., chargeable upon every trader that +entered the port, whatever her cargo might be. And the immunities +granted to the portsmen were that they should be "port duty free." + +I do not venture to offer this as any thing more than a mere guess. +Among your contributors there are many more learned than myself in +this branch of antiquarian lore, who will probably be able to give +a more correct interpretation, and we shall feel obliged for any +assistance that they can give us in elucidating the question. + +"Lovecope" might perhaps be the designation of the association of +merchants itself, to which Jeakes alludes; and the liberty of forming +such association, with powers of imposing port duties, may have been +dependent on special grant to any port by royal charter, such as that +which forms the subject of your correspondent's communication. + +After all, perhaps, "Lovecope" was the word for an association of +merchants; and "Louecope-free" is to be freed from privileged taxation +by this body. + +L.B.L. + + +_Smelling of the Lamp_ (No. 21. p. 335.).--"X." will find the +expression [Greek: Illuchnion ozein] attributed to Pytheas by Plutarch +(_Vit. Demosth._, c. 8.). + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + + +_Anglo-Saxon MS. of Orosius_ (No. 20. p. 313.).--It may gratify Mr. +Singer to be informed that the Lauderdale MS., formerly in the library +at Ham House, is now preserved, with several other {372} valuable +manuscripts and books, in the library at Helmingham Hall, Suffolk, the +seat of the Tollemache family. + +M. + + +_Golden Frog_.--Ingenious as is the suggestion of "R.R." (No. 18. p. +282.), that Sir John Poley stuck a golden frog in his ear from his +affection for _tadpoles_, I think "R.R.'s" "Rowley Poley" may be +dismissed with the "_gammon_ and spinach" of the amorous frog to which +he alludes. + +Conceiving that the origin of so singular a badge could hardly fail to +be commemorated by some tradition in the family, I have made inquiry +of one of Sir John Poley's descendants, and I regret to hear from him +that "they have no authentic tradition respecting it, but that they +have always believed that it had some connection with the service Sir +John rendered in the Low Countries, where he distinguished himself +much by his military achievements." To the Low Countries, then, the +land of frogs, we must turn for the solution of the enigma. + +Gastras. + +Cambridge, March 9. + + +_Sword of Charles I._--Mr. Planche inquires (No. 12. p. 183.), "When +did the real sword of Charles the First's time, which, but a few years +back, hung at the side of that monarch's equestrian figure at Charing +Cross, disappear?"--It disappeared about the time of the coronation +of Her present Majesty, when some scaffolding was erected about the +statue, which afforded great facilities for removing the rapier (for +such it was); and I always understood it found its way, by some means +or other, to the Museum, so called, of the notoriously frolicsome +Captain D----, where, in company with the wand of the Great Wizard of +the North, and other well-known articles, it was carefully labelled +and numbered, and a little account appended of the circumstances of +its acquisition and removal. + +John Street. + + [Surely then Burke was right, and the "Age of Chivalry is + past!"--Otherwise the idea of _disarming a statue_ would never + have entered the head of any Man of Arms, even in his most + frolicsome of moods.] + + +_John Bull_.--_Vertue MSS._--I always fancied that the familiar name +for our countrymen, about the origin of which "R.F.H." inquires (No. +21. p. 336.), was adopted from Swift's _History of John Bull_, first +printed in 1712; but I have no authority for saying so. + +If the Vertue MSS. alluded to (No. 20. p. 319.) were ever returned by +Mr. Steevens to Dr. Rawlinson, they may be in the Bodleian Library, to +which the Doctor left all his collections, including a large mass of +papers purchased by him long after Pepys' death, as he described it, +"Thus et odores vendentibus." + +These "_Pepys_ papers," as far as I can recollect, were very +voluminous, and relating to all sorts of subjects; but I saw them in +1824, and had only then time to examine and extract for publication +portions of the correspondence. + +Braybrooke. + +Audley End, March 25. + + +_Vertue's Manuscripts_.--The MS. quoted under this title by Malone +is printed entire, or rather all of it which refers to plays, by Mr. +Peter Cunningham, in the _Papers of the Shakspeare Society_, vol. ii. +p. 123., from an interleaved copy of Langbaine. Since the publication +of that paper, the entries relating to Shakspeare's plays have been +given from the original MS. in the Bodleian Library, in Halliwell's +_Life of Shakspeare_, p. 272. + +S.L. + + +_Vertue's MSS_. (No. 20. p. 319.) were in Horace Walpole's possession, +bought by him, I think, of Vertue's widow; and his _Anecdotes of +Painting_ were chiefly composed from them, as he states, with great +modesty, in his dedication and his preface. I do not see in the +Strawberry-Hill Catalogue any notice of "Vertue's MSS.," though some +vols. of his collection of engravings were sold. + +C. + + +_Lines attributed to Tom Brown_.--In a book entitled _Liber +Facetiarum, being a Collection of curious and interesting Anecdotes_, +published at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, by D. Akenhead & Sons, 1809, the +passage attributed to Tom Brown by your correspondent "J.T." is given +to Zacharias Boyd. + +The only reference given as authority for the account is the initials +H.B. + + "Zacharias Boyd, whose bust is to be seen over the entrance + to the Royal College in Glasgow, while Professor in that + university, translated the Old and New Testament into Scotch + Metre; and, from a laudable zeal to disseminate religious + knowledge among the lower classes of the community, is said to + have left a very considerable sum to defray the expense of the + said work, which, however, his executors never printed." + +After a few specimens, the account goes on + + "But the highest flight of his Muse appears in the following + _beautiful Alexandrine_: + + "And was not Pharaoh a saucy rascal? + That would not let the children of Israel, their wives + And their little ones, their flocks and their herds, go + Out into the wilderness forty days + To eat the Pascal. + + "H.B." + +Speaking of Zachariah Boyd, Granger says, (vol. ii. p. 379.): + + "His translation of the Scripture in such uncouth verse as to + amount to burlesque, has been often quoted, and the just fame + of a benefactor to learning has been obscured by that cloud + of miserable rhymes. Candour will smile at the foible, but + applaud the man. + + "Macure, in his account of Glasgow, p. 223., informs us he + lived in the reign of Charles I." + +H.I. + +Sheffield, March 9. 1850. {373} + + +_Passage in Frith's Works_ (No. 20. p. 319).--This passage should be +read, as I suppose, "Ab inferiori ad suum superius confuse distribui." + +It means that there would be confusion, if what is said distributively +or universally of the lower, should be applied distributively or +universally to the higher; or, in other words, if what is said +universally of a species, should be applied universally to the genus +that contains that and other species: e.g., properties that are +universally found in the human species will not be found universally +in the genus Mammalis, and universal properties of Mammalia wil not be +universal over the animal kingdom. + +T.J. + + +_Martins, the Louvain Printer_.--Your correspondent "W." (No. +12. p. 185.) is informed, that in Falkenstein's _Geschichte der +Buchdrucherkunst_ (Leipzig, 1840, p. 257.), Theoderich Martens, +printer in Louvain and Antwerp, is twice mentioned. I have no doubt +but this is the correct German form of the name. Mertens, by which he +was also known, may very possibly be the Flemish form. His Christian +name was also written Dierik, a short form of Dietrich, which, in its +turn, is the same as Theodorich. + +NORTHMAN. + + +_Master of the Revels_.--"DR. RIMBAULT" states (No. 14. p. 219.), that +Solomon Dayrolle was appointed Master of the Revels in 1744, but does +not know the date of his decease. It may be unknown to Dr. Rimbault, +that Solomon Dayrolle_s_ was an intimate friend and correspondent of +the great Lord Chesterfield: the correspondence continues from 1748 +to 1755 in the selection of Chesterfield's letters to which I am +referring. + +Dayrolles, during all that period, held a diplomatic appointment from +this country at the Hague. See Lord Chesterfield's letter to him of +the 22d Feb. 1748, where Lord C. suggests that by being cautious he +(Dayrolles) may be put _en train d'etre Monsieur l'Envoye_. + +In several of the letters Chesterfield warmly and familiarly commends +his hopeful son, Mr. Stanhope, to the care and attention of Dayrolles. + +I have not been able to ascertain when Dayrolles died, but the above +may lead to the discovery. + +W.H. LAMMIN. + + +_French Maxim_.--The French saying quoted by "R.V." is the 223rd +of _Les Reflexions morales du Duc de la Rochefoucauld_ (Pougin, +Paris, 1839). I feel great pleasure in being able to answer your +correspondent's query, as I hope that my reply may be the means of +introducing to his notice one of the most delightful authors that has +ever yet written: one who deserves far more attention than he appears +to receive from general readers in this degenerate age, and from whom +many of his literary successors have borrowed some of their brightest +thoughts. I need not go far for an illustration: + + "Praise undeserved, is scandal in disguise," + +is merely a condensation of, + + "Louer les princes des vertus qu'ils n'ont pas, c'est leur + dire impunement des injures."--La Rochefoucauld, Max. 327. + +I believe that Pope marks it as a _translation--a borrowed +thought--not as a quotation_. He has just before used the words "your +Majesty;" and I think the word "_scandal_" is employed "_consulto_," +and alludes to the offence known in English law as "scandalum +magnatum." Your correspondent will, of course, read the work in the +original; in fact, he _must_ do so _per force_. A good translation +of _Les Maximes_ is still a desideratum in English literature. I +have not yet seen one that could lay claim even to the meagre title +of mediocrity; although I have spared neither time nor pains in the +search. Should any of your readers have been more fortunate, I shall +feel obliged by their referring me to it. + +MELANION. + + +_Endeavour_.--I have just found the following instance of "endeavour" +used as an active verb, in Dryden's translation of Maimbourg's +_History of the League_, 1684. + + "On the one side the majestique House of Bourbon,... and on + the other side, that of two eminent families which endeavour'd + their own advancement by its destruction; the one is already + debas'd to the lowest degree, and the other almost reduc'd to + nothing."--p. 3. + +C. FORBES. + +Temple. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANIES. + +_Epigram by La Monnoye_.--It has been ingeniously said, that "Life is +an epigram, of which death is the point." Alas for human nature! good +points are rare; and no wonder, according to this wicked, but witty, + + EPIGRAM BY LA MONNOYE. + + The world of fools has such a store, + That he who would not see an ass, + Must bide at home, and bolt his door, + And break his looking glass. + +S.W.S. + +Mickleham, Dec. 10. 1849. + + +_Spur Money_.--Two or three years since, a party of sappers and miners +was stationed at Peterborough, engaged in the trigonometrical survey, +when the officer entered the cathedral with his spurs on, and was +immediately beset by the choristers, who demanded money of him for +treading the sacred floor with armed heels. Does any one know the +origin of this singular custom? I inquired of some of the dignitaries +of the Cathedral, but they were not aware even of its existence. The +boys, however, have more tenacious memories, at least where their +interest is concerned; but we must not look to them for the origin of +a {374} custom which appears to have long existed. In the _Memorials +of John Ray_, published by the Ray Society, p. 131., there is the +following entry in his second Itinerary:-- + + "July the 26th, 1661, we began our journey northwards from + Cambridge, and that day, passing through Huntingdon and + Stilton, we rode as far as Peterborough twenty-five miles. + There I first heard the Cathedral service. The choristers made + us pay money for coming into the choir with our spurs on." + +East Winch. + + [The following note from _The Book of the Court_ will serve + to illustrate the curious custom referred to by our + correspondent: + + "In _The Privy Purse Expenses of King Henry VIII._ edited by + Sir Harris Nicolas, there occur several entries of payments + made to the choristers of Windsor 'in rewarde for the king's + spurs'; which the editor supposes to mean 'money paid to + redeem the king's spurs, which had become the fee of the + choristers at Windsor, perhaps at installations, or at the + annual celebration of St. George's feast.' No notice of the + subject occurs in Ashmole's or Anstis's _History of the Order + of the Garter_. Mr. Markland, quoting a note to Gifford's + edition of Ben Jonson, vol. ii. p. 49., says, 'In the time + of Ben Jonson, in consequence of the interruptions to Divine + Service occasioned by the ringing of the spurs worn by persons + walking and transacting business in cathedrals, and especially + in St. Paul's, a small fine was imposed on them, called + "spur-money," the exaction of which was committed to the + beadles and singing-boys.' This practice, and to which, + probably, the items in Henry's household-book bear reference, + still obtains, or, at least, did till very lately, in the + Chapel Royal and other choirs. Our informant himself claimed + the penalty, in Westminster Abbey, from Dr. Fisher, Bishop of + Rochester, and received from him an eighteenpenny bank token + as the fine. He likewise claimed the penalty from the King + of Hanover (then Duke of Cumberland), for entering the choir + of the Abbey in his spurs. But His Royal Highness, who had + been installed there, excused himself with great readiness, + pleading 'his right to wear his spurs in that church, inasmuch + as it was the place where they were first put on him!'--See + further, _European Mag._, vol. iii. p. 16."] + + * * * * * + +MINIMUM DE MALIS. + +(_FROM THE LATIN OF BUCHANAN._) + + Calenus owed a single pound, which yet + With all my dunning I could never get. + Tired of fair words, whose falsehood I foresaw, + I hied to Aulus, learned in the law. + He heard my story, bade me "Never fear, + There was no doubt--no case could be more clear:-- + He'd do the needful in the proper place, + And give his best attention to the case." + And this he may have done--for it appears + To have been his business for the last ten years, + Though on his pains ten times ten pounds bestow'd + Have not regain'd that one Calenus owed. + Now, fearful lest this unproductive strife + Consume at once my fortune and my life, + I take the only course I can pursue, + And shun my debtor and my lawyer too. + I've no more hope from promises or laws, + And heartily renounce both debt and cause-- + But if with either rogue I've more to do, + I'll surely choose my debtor of the two; + For though I credit not the lies he tells, + At least he _gives_ me what the other _sells_. + +Rufus. + + * * * * * + +_Epigram on Louis XIV._--I find the following epigram among some old +papers. The emperor would be Leopold I., the king Louis XIV. + +_Epigram by the Emperor, 1666, and the King of France._ + + Bella fugis, sequeris bellas, pugnaeque repugnas, + Et bellatori sunt tibi bella tori. + Imbelles imbellis amas, totusque videris + Mars ad opus Veneris, Martis ad arma Venus. + +J.H.L. + + +_Macaulay's Young Levite._--I met, the other day with a rather curious +confirmation of a passage in Macaulay's _History of England_, which +has been more assailed perhaps than any other. + +In his character of the clergy, Macaulay says, they frequently +married domestics and retainers of great houses--a statement which has +grievously excited the wrath of Mr. Babington and other champions. +In a little book, once very popular, first published in 1628, with +the title _Microcosmographie, or a Piece of the World discovered_, +and which is known to have been written by John Earle, after the +Restoration Bishop of Worcester and then of Salisbury, is the +following passage. It occurs in what the author calls a character of +"a young raw preacher." + + "You shall know him by his narrow velvet cape and serge + facing, and his ruffe, next his hire, the shortest thing + about him.... His friends, and much painefulnesse, may + preferre him to thirtie pounds a yeere, and this meanes, to + a chamber-maide: with whom we leave him now in the bonds of + wedlocke. Next Sunday you shall have him againe." + +The same little book contains many very curious and valuable +illustrations of contemporary manners, especially in the universities. + +That the usage Macaulay refers to was not uncommon, we find from a +passage in the _Woman-Hater_, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1607), Act +III. Sc. 3. + +Lazarillo says, + + "Farewell ye courtly chaplains that be there! + All good attend you! May you never more + Marry your patron's lady's waiting-woman!" + +I.T. + +Trin. Coll. Camb., March 16. 1850. {375} + + +_St. Martin's Lane_.--The first building leases of St. Martin's Lane +and the adjacent courts accidentally came under my notice lately. +They are dated in 1635 and 1636, and were granted by the then Earl of +Bedford. + +Arun. + + * * * * * + +CHARLES DEERING, M.D. + +"Author of the Catalogue of Plants in the neighbourhood of Nottingham. +'Catalogus Stirpium, &c., or a Catalogue of Plants naturally growing +and commonly cultivated in divers parts of England, and especially +about Nottingham,' 8vo. Nottingh. 1738. + +"He was in the suite of the English ambassador to Russia, returned and +practised physic in London married unfortunately, buried his wife, +and then went to Nottingham, where he lived several years. During +his abode there he wrote a small _Treatise on the Small Pocks_, this +_Catalogue of Plants_, and the _History of Nottingham_, the materials +for which John Plumtre, Esq. of Nottingham, was so obliging as to +assist him with. He also was paid 40l. by a London bookseller for +adding 20,000 words to an English dictionary. He was master of seven +languages, and in 1746 he was favoured with a commission in the +Nottinghamshire Foot, raised at that time. Soon after died, and was +buried in St. Peter's Churchyard. + +"William Ayscough, father of the printer of this _Catalogus Stirpium_ +(G. Ayscough), in 1710, first introduced the art of printing at +Nottingham. + +"Mr. White was the same year the first printer at Newcastle-upon-Tyne; +and Mr. Dicey at Northampton."--_MS. Note in the Copy of the Cat. +Stirpium, in the Library of the British Museum_. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC. + +Our advertising columns already show some of the good results of the +_Exhibition of the Works of Ancient and Mediaeval Art_. Mr. Williams +announced last week his _Historic Reliques_, to be etched by +himself. Mr. Cundall has issued proposals for _Choice Examples of Art +Workmanship_; and, lastly, we hear that an _Illustrated Catalogue +of the Exhibition_, prepared by Mr. Franks, the zealous Honorary +Secretary of the Committee, and so arranged as to form a _History of +Art_, may be expected. We mention these for the purpose of inviting +our friends to contribute to the several editors such information as +they may think likely to increase the value of the respective works. + +The second edition of our able correspondent, Mr. Peter Cunningham's +_Handbook of London_, is on the eve of publication. + +There are few of our readers but will be glad to learn from +the announcement in a previous column, that the edition of the +_Wickliffite Versions of the Scriptures_, upon which Sir Frederick +Madden and his fellow labourers have been engaged for a period of +twenty years, is just completed. It forms, we believe, three quarto +volumes. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson lately disposed of a most select and +interesting collection of autograph letters. We unfortunately did not +receive the catalogue in time to notice it, which we the more regret, +because, like all their catalogues of autographs, it was drawn up with +amateur-like intelligence and care; so as to make it worth preserving +as a valuable record of materials for our history and biography. + +We have received the following Catalogues of Books:--No. XXV. of +Thomas Cole's (15. Great Turnstile): No. 2. for 1850, of William +Heath's (291/2 Lincoln's Inn Fields); and No. 15. of Bernard Quarritch's +(16. Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue of Oriental and +Foreign Books. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE + +(_IN CONTINUATION OF LISTS IN FORMER NOS._) + +Mills, Rev. Isaac, of Highcleer--Account of the Life and Conversation +of, with a Sermon, 8vo., 1721. + +Mykur Hazem, by Marcus, London, 1846. + +Poems by a Bornnatural, 1849. + +_ODD VOLUMES_. + +Proceedings of the Philological Society. Vol. I. + +Richardson's Correspondence, Vol. I. of the Six-Volume Ed. + +Todd's Johnson's Dictionary, 4to., 1819. (Part X. containing Title, +Preface, &c.) + +Partington's British Cyclopaedia--That portion of Natural History which +follows Vol. I. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, +to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet +Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +Burning for Treason.--Can the Correspondent who furnished us with +a curious Note upon this subject favour us with a copy of it, the +original having been accidentally mislaid? + +We are again compelled, from want of space, to omit many curious +and interesting articles; and, after this statement, must beg our +kind friends at Leeds, Brompton, &c., who complain of delay in the +insertion of their communications, to do us the favour to refer to the +notice on this very subject which appeared in our early numbers. + +Notes and Queries may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday: +so that our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in +receiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably +not yet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive +Copies in their Saturday parcels. Part V. is now ready. + + * * * * *{376} + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, + +No. CLXXII. is Published This Day. + + CONTENTS: + I. GIACOMO LEOPARDI AND HIS WRITINGS. + II. RANKE'S HOUSE OF BRANDENBURG. + III. QUEEN'S COLLEGE, LONDON. + IV. GROTE'S HISTORY OF GREECE. + V. URQUHART'S PILLARS OF HERCULES. + VI. FACTS IN FIGURES. + VII. THE DUTIFUL SON. + VIII. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF LONDON. + IX. BAXTER'S IMPRESSIONS OF EUROPE. + X. LORD LIEUTENANT CLARENDON. + XI. LOUIS PHILIPPE. + +John Murray, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + +NEARLY READY. + +[Illustration: CHOICE EXAMPLES OF ART WORKMANSHIP Selected from the +Exhibition of ANCIENT AND MEDIAEVAL ART at the Society of Arts] + +A Prospectus, containing a Specimen of the Illustrations, will be sent +on receipt of two postage stamps. + +Joseph Cundall, 21. Old Bond Street. + + * * * * * + +MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF ANCIENT AND MODERN BOOKS.--NUMBER FOUR is ready +this day, and can be had Gratis, and sent, if required, Postage Free. +Address, John Miller, 43, Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square. This List +embraces numerous valuable and interesting Books on English Poetry, +the Drama, History, Biography, Voyages and Travels, &c., with the +works of a few of the best Continental writers, a selection of +Pictorial Books of Scenery, Costume, Topography, and Drawing-room +Table Books. + +Also, on forwarding Four Postage Stamps, JOHN MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF +BOOKS FOR THE PAST QUARTER may be had stitched in a wrapper, with +a Table of Contents, showing at one glance the range of subjects +embraced, amongst which may be enumerated the following, viz., +America, Angling, Banking and Currency, Coins, Dictionaries, +Drawing-books, Games, Sports, &c., Heraldry, Genealogy and Family +History, Ireland, its History and Literature, Kent, its History and +Topography, Law, Music, its History and Theory, Painting and the Fine +Arts, Shakspeariana, and a variety of other branches of Literature +comprised in upwards of 1500 articles. + +John Miller, 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square. + + * * * * * + +THE ANGLO-SAXON, for April, Price 2s. 6d. or 3s. post-free, contains +England and her Colonies: County Colonisation, with Maps--English +Church Music--Christian Architecture--London: a Poem, Essay II.--The +Alfred Medals: Three Sonnets, by Martin F. Tupper--Anglo-Saxon +Literature: the Jubilee Edition of King Alfred's Works, with Specimens +and Translations--Wives and Mothers--Anglo-Saxon Colonies: Victoria, +Cooksland, Port Essington, (Papua--Timor)--Original Ballads. + +The ANGLO-SAXON for 1849 forms a handsome volume, price One Guinea. + +London: T. Bosworth, 215. Regent Street. + + * * * * * + +Published every Saturday, price 3d., or stamped, 4d., also in Monthly +Parts. Part V. (for March), price 1s. 3d., now ready. + +NOTES AND QUERIES: a Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, +Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, &c. + +The attention of Publishers and Booksellers is particularly +requested to this Periodical as a medium for advertising. It contains +communications from the most eminent Literary Men, and is circulated +largely amongst the best class of book-buyers. + +In addition to the valuable matter which will be found in its columns, +it contains notices of Book Sales, Booksellers' Catalogues, and Lists +of Books wanted to purchase,--features which it is believed will +be found valuable to Dealers in Old Books, as well as useful to +Purchasers. + + SCALE OF PRICES. + L s. d. + Six lines and under . . . . 0 5 0 + Above six lines, per line . 0 0 6 + Half a column . . . . . . . 0 16 0 + Column . . . . . . . . . . 1 10 0 + Page . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 0 + +***Advertisements must be sent by the Wednesday previous to the +Saturday on which they are intended to appear; Notes and Queries +being issued to the Trade on Friday afternoon. + +OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. + + "As good a first number as we remember to have seen. The + Editor exhibits a phalanx of eminent assistants. * * There can + be no doubt of the value of a Literary Medium of this peculiar + kind."--_Athenaeum_. + + "We like the plan much. * * We wish success to a + publication which promises to be agreeable, intelligent, and + useful."--_Literary Gazette_. + + "We feel great pleasure in welcoming into the literary + world this publication, which promises to fill up a void + that has constantly been lamented by every person engaged + in any particular branch of study that required experience + and research. * * It is a publication in which all literary + persons must feel a deep interest, and that has our heartiest + wishes for its success."--_Morning Herald_. + + "This is a new periodical, with a new idea, and one that + deserves and will be sure to receive encouragement amongst + scholars and readers really deserving that appellation. * * + It is a capital idea; and every one who makes Notes or has + Queries should buy it and contribute to it."--_Weekly News_. + + "That valuable publication The Notes and Queries, so + auspiciously commenced."--_New Bell's Messenger_. + + "With whomsoever the idea of publishing this useful and + interesting periodical first originated, that person is + entitled to the thanks of every author, antiquary, and + scholar, in the United Kingdom. * * We recommend, in all + sincerity, The Notes and Queries to the attention of lovers + of literature in general."--_Morning Post_. + +London: George Bell, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, Parts 13 and 14, imperial quarto. Price 3_s._ +each, tinted 4s. + +RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE, from Drawings by John +Johnson, Architect, F.S.A., Lithographed by Alfred Newman. + +Contents, Part 13:--Hawton Church; Notts.--St. Mary's, +Stamford--Aldwinkle, All Saints, Northamptonshire-Wellingborough +Church, Northamptonshire. + +Part 14--Skelton Church, from the South-East and South-West--Rye +House, Herts.--Holbeach Church, Lincolnshire. + +This Work is intended to embrace a series of examples of +Ecclesiastical, Collegiate, and Domestic Architecture. It will be +completed in Twenty Monthly Parts, price 3s. each, tinted 4s. + +London: George Bell, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Preparing for immediate Publication, in 2 vols. small octavo. + +THE FOLK-LORE OF ENGLAND. By William J. Thoms, F.S.A., Secretary +of the Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and +Legends of all Nations," &c. One object of the present work is to +furnish new contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; +and especially some of the more striking illustrations of the subject +to be found in the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental +Antiquaries. + +Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and +Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and +will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed +to the care of Mr. Bell, Office of "Notes and Queries," 186. Fleet +Street. + + * * * * * + +Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. +New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; +and published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish +of St. Dunstan in The West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. +186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 6, 1850. + + * * * * * + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries 1850.04.06, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES 1850.04.06 *** + +***** This file should be named 12505.txt or 12505.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/2/5/0/12505/ + +Produced by Jon Ingram, William Flis, and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. With thanks to Internet Library of Early Journals. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d569844 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #12505 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/12505) diff --git a/old/12505-8.txt~ b/old/12505-8.txt~ new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ad3fec --- /dev/null +++ b/old/12505-8.txt~ @@ -0,0 +1,2413 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries 1850.04.06, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries 1850.04.06 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: June 3, 2004 [EBook #12505] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES 1850.04.06 *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, William Flis, and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. With thanks to Internet Library of Early Journals. + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 23.] SATURDAY, APRIL 6. 1850. [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * *{361} + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- Page + Periplus of Hanno, by R.T. Hampson 361 + Pope Vindicated 362 + The Supper of the Lorde 362 + Folk Lore:--Palm Sunday Wind--Curious Symbolical Custom--The Wild + Huntsman 363 + On Authors and Books, No. VI, by Bolton Corney 363 + +QUERIES:-- + Nicholas Breton's Crossing of Proverbs, by J.P. Collier 364 + Sword called Curtana, by E.F. Rimbault, LL.D. 364 + Is the Dombec the Domesday of Alfred? by George Munford 365 + Minor Queries:--Wickliffite Versions of the Scriptures--Gloves--Law + Courts at St. Alban's--Milton Pedigree--Sapcote Motto--Scala Coeli, + &c. 366 + +REPLIES:-- + The Arabic Numerals and Cipher 367 + Replies to Minor Queries, by Sir W.C. Trevelyan 368 + Derivation of "News" 369 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Swot--Pokership--Vox Populi--Living Dog better + than dead Lion--Curious Monumental Brasses--Chapels--Forthlot--Loscop-- + Smelling of the Lamp--Anglo-Saxon MS. of Orosius--Golden Frog--Sword + of Charles I.--John Bull--Vertue MSS.--Lines attributed to Tom Brown, + &c. 369 + +MISCELLANIES:-- + Epigram by La Monnoye--Spur Money--Minimum de Malls--Epigram on Louis + XIV.--Macaulay's Young Levite--St. Martin's Lane--Charles Deering, + M.D. 373 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 375 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 375 + Notices to Correspondents 375 + Advertisements 376 + + * * * * * + +PERIPLUS OF HANNO THE CARTHAGINIAN. + +I am not sufficiently Quixotic to attempt a defence of the +Carthaginians on the western coast of Africa, or any where else, but +I submit that the accusation brought against them by Mr. S. Bannister, +formerly Attorney-General of New South Wales, is not sustained by +the only record we possess of Hanno's colonising expedition. That +gentleman, in his learned _Records of British Enterprise beyond Sea_, +just published, says, in a note, p. xlvii.:-- + +"The first nomade tribe they reached was friendly, and furnished +Hanno with _interpreters_. At length they discovered a nation _whose +language was unknown to the interpreters_. These strangers they +attempted to seize; and, upon their resistance, they took three of the +women, whom they put to death, and carried their skins to Carthage" +(_Geogr. Græci Minores_, Paris, 1826, p. 115.). + +Hanno obtained interpreters from a people who dwelt on the banks +of a large river, called the Lixus, and supposed to be the modern +St. Cyprian. Having sailed thence for several days, and touched at +different places, planting a colony in one of them, he came to a +mountainous country inhabited by savages, who wore skins of wild +beasts, [Greek: dermata thaereia enaemmenon]. At a distance of +twelve days' sail he came to some Ethiopians, who could not endure +the Carthaginians, and who spoke unintelligibly even to the Lixite +interpreters. These are the people whose women, Mr. Bannister says, +they killed. Hanno sailed from this inhospitable coast fifteen +days, and came to a gulf which he calls [Greek: Notou Kera], or +South Horn. + + "Here," says the Dr. Hawkesworth, of Carthage, "in the gulf, + was an island, like the former, containing a lake, and in + this another island, full of wild men; but the women were + much more numerous, _with hairy bodies_ ([Greek: daseiai tois + somasin]), whom the interpreters called [Greek: gorillas]. + We pursued the men, who, flying to precipices, defended + themselves with stones, and could not be taken. Three women, + who bit and scratched their leaders, would not follow them. + Having killed them, we brought their skins to Carthage." + +He does not so much as intimate that the creatures who so defended +themselves with stones, or those whose bodies were covered with +hair, spoke any language. Nothing but the words [Greek: anthropoi +agrioi] and [Greek: gunaikes] can lead us to believe that they were +human beings at all; while the description of the behaviour of the +men, and the bodies of the women, is not repugnant to the supposition +that they were large apes, baboons, or orang-outangs, common to this +part of Africa. At all events, the voyagers do not say that they +flayed a people having the faculty of speech. + +It is not, however, improbable that the Carthaginians were severe +taskmasters of the people whom they subdued. Such I understand those +to have been who opened the British tin mines, and who, according to +Diodorus Siculus, excessively overworked the wretches who toiled for +them, "wasting their bodies underground, and dying, {362} many a one, +through extremity of suffering, while others perished under the lashes +of the overseer." (_Bibl. Hist._ l. v. c. 38.) + +R.T. Hampson. + + * * * * * + +POPE VINDICATED. + +"P.C.S.S." is too great an admirer of Pope not to seek to vindicate +him from one, at least, of the blunders attributed to him by Mr. D. +Stevens, at p. 331. of the "Notes and Queries." + + "Singed are his _brows_, the scorching _lids_ grow black." + +Now, if Mr. S. will refer to Homer, he will find that the original +fully justifies the use of "brows" and "lids" in the _plural_. It runs +thus (_Od._ ix. v. 389.): + + "[Greek: Panta de ui blephar amphi kai ophruas eusen autmae]." + +"P.C.S.S." wishes that he could equally remove from Pope the charge +of inaccuracy respecting the _three_ cannibal meals of Polyphemus. He +fears that nothing can be alleged to impugn Mr. Stevens's perfectly +just criticism. + +While on the subject of Pope, "P.C.S.S." would wish to advert to +a communication (No. 16. p. 246.) in which it is insinuated that +Pope was probably indebted to Petronius Arbiter for the well-known +passage-- + + "Worth makes the man, and want of it the fellow; + The rest is all but leather and prunella." + +With all respect for the ingenious author of that communication, +"P.C.S.S." confesses that he is unable to discover such a similitude +of expression as might warrant the notion that Pope had been a +borrower from Petronius. He cannot suppose that Mr. F. could have been +led away by any supposed analogy between _corium_ and _coricillum_. +The latter, Mr. F. must know, is nothing more than a diminutive of +a diminutive (coricillum, _not_ corcillum, from corculum); and the +word is coined by Petronius to ridicule one of the affectations of +Trimalchio (Nero), who was wont to indulge, to an absurd extent, in +the use of such diminutives (_vide_ Burmann, _in loco_). "P.C.S.S." +will now subjoin such translations of the passage in question as he +has hitherto had opportunities of referring to. The first is from _The +Works of Petronius Arbiter, translated by several hands_, Lond. 8vo. +4th edit. 1714. At the beginning of the translation itself there is +this heading--"Made English by Mr. Wilson, of the Middle Temple, and +several others." The passage in question is thus rendered:-- + + "Come, my friends, let us see how merry you can be! for in my + time, I have been no better than yourselves; but, by my own + industry, I am what I am. _'Tis the heart makes the man_; all + the rest is but stuff!" + +In another translation, which, with Grub-Street audacity, the +publisher, in his title-passage, presumes to attribute to Addison! +and which appeared in 1736 (Lond. 8vo.), the passage is as follows:-- + + "I was once as you are: but now, thanks to my industry, I am + what I am. _It is the heart that makes the man_; all the rest + is but stuff!" + +Be the translator who he may, this version, so impudently ascribed to +the moral Addison, is written with much spirit and power, and with a +remarkable comprehension of the author's meaning. Some of the poetical +fragments at the end are, indeed, singularly well done. + +Of the two French versions which "P.C.S.S." has examined, the one by +Levaur (Paris, 8vo. 1726) thus translates the passage: + + "Je vous prie, mes amis ... _C'est le coeur qui fait les + hommes; je compte le reste pour un fétu_." + +In that of Boispreaux (Lond. 1742), it is simply rendered-- + + "Mon sçavoir faire m'a tiré du pair. _C'est le coeur qui fait + l'homme_ ..." + +No attempt is made to translate the _quisquilia_. + +P.C.S.S. + + * * * * * + +"THE SUPPER OF THE LORDE." + +I shall be glad to find that your correspondent "C.H." (No. 21. p. +333.) receives a satisfactory answer to his inquiry, as such a reply +would also satisfy my earlier query, No. 7. p. 109. I perceive, +however, from his letter, that I can give him some information on +other points noticed in it, though the absence of papers now passing +through the press with the Parker Society's reprint of a third volume +of Tyndale, will prevent my replying with such precision as I could +wish. That ancient tract on "The Supper of the Lorde, after the true +meanyng of the sixte of John," &c., of which "C.H." says he possesses +a copy, was reprinted at different intervals with the same date, viz., +MCCCCCXXXIII, Apryll v., on its title-page. The original edition has a +final colophon, stating that it was "imprinted at Nornberg, by Nielas +Twonson," and is so rare, that I have not been able to discover the +existence of any copy, but one recently deposited in the Bodleian. +That "C.H.'s" copy is not a specimen of that first edition, is +apparent from two circumstances. The first is, that he has given you +a quotation from his copy as follows:--"And as for M. More, whom the +verity most offendeth, and doth but mocke it," whereas the original +edition has, "And as for M. Mocke," &c., and Sir Thomas More notices +this mockage of his name in his reply. The next is, that his copy +contains "Crowley's Epistle to the Reader," which does not appear in +any edition of an earlier date than 1551. When first attached to this +treatise, the epistle was anonymous, as may be seen in the Lambeth +copy; but Crowley eventually {363} affixed his name to the epistle, +as it appears in "C.H.'s" and in other copies. Robert Crowley was a +fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; vicar of St. Giles, Cripplegate; +a printer and publisher; but to his singular combination of titles, we +cannot add that of author of the treatise in question. "C.H." has seen +that he did not enter Oxford till 1534; and in his Prefatory Epistle, +Crowley speaks of the author of the treatise as a person distinct from +himself. + +I do not wish, however, to be considered as positively affirming the +treatise to be Tyndale's. Foxe, the martyrologist, edited Tyndale's +works for Day, and he has only said that this treatise was "compiled, +as some do gather, by M. Wm. Tyndale, because the method and phrase +agree with his, and the time of writing are [sic] concurrent." On the +other hand, the authorship is unhesitatingly assigned to Tyndale by +Mr. C. Anderson (_Annals of the English Bible_, §ix. _ad finem_), +and by Mr. Geo. Offer (_Mem. of Tyndale_, p. 30.), the two most +pains-taking and best informants as to his works. But still there are +objections of such force, that I must confess myself rather inclined +to attribute the treatise to Joy's pen, if I could but be satisfied +that he was capable of writing so correctly, and of keeping so clear +of vulgarity in a controversy with a popish persecutor. + +H.W. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Palm Sunday Wind_.--It is a common idea among many of the farmers and +labourers of this immediate neighbourhood, that, from whatever quarter +the wind blows for the most part on Palm Sunday, it will continue +to blow from the same quarter for the most part during the ensuing +summer. + +Is this notion prevalent in other parts of the country, as a piece of +"Folk-Lore?" + +R.V. + +Winchester, March 26. + + +_Curious Symbolical Custom_.--On Saturday last I married a couple in +the parish church. An old woman, an aunt of the bridegroom, displeased +at the marriage, stood at the church gate and pronounced an anathema +on the married pair. She then bought a new broom, went home, swept +her house, and hung the broom over the door. By this she intimated her +rejection of her nephew, and forbade him to enter her house. Is this a +known custom? What is its origin? + +H. Morland Austen. + +St. Peter's, Thanet, March 25. 1850. + + +_The Wild Huntsman_.--The interesting contributions of your +correspondent "Seleucus," on "Folk Lore," brought to my recollection +the "Wild Huntsman" of the German poet, Tieck; of whose verses on that +superstitious belief, still current among the imaginative peasantry of +Germany, I send you a translation, _done into English_ many years ago. +The Welsh dogs of Annwn, or "couriers of the air"--the spirit-hounds +who hunt the souls of the dead--are part of that popular belief +existing among all nations, which delivers up the noon of night to +ungracious influences, that "fade on the crowing of the cock." + + +"THE WILD HUNTSMAN. + + "At the dead of the night the Wild Huntsman awakes, + In the deepest recess of the dark forest's brakes; + He lists to the storm, and arises in scorn. + He summons his hounds with his far-sounding horn; + He mounts his black steed; like the lightning they fly + And sweep the hush'd forest with snort and with cry. + Loud neighs his black courser; hark his horn, how 'tis swelling! + He chases his comrades, his hounds wildly yelling. + Speed along! speed along! for the race is all ours; + Speed along! speed along! while the midnight still lours; + The spirits of darkness will chase him in scorn, + Who dreads our wild howl, and the shriek of our horn, + Thus yelling and belling they sweep on the wind, + The dread of the pious and reverent mind: + But all who roam gladly in forests, by night, + This conflict of spirits will strangely delight." + +J.M. + +Oxford, March 13. + + * * * * * + +ON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. VI. + +In the union of scholarship, polished manners, and amiability of +character, we have had few men to surpass the reverend Joseph Spence. +His career was suitable to his deserts. He was fortunate in his +connections, fortunate in his appointments, and fortunate in his share +of fame. + +His fame, however, is somewhat diminished. His _Essay on the Odyssey_, +which procured him the friendship of Pope, has ceased to be in +request; his _Polymetis_, once the ornament of every choice library, +has been superseded by the publications of Millin and Smith; his poems +are only to be met with in the collections of Dodsley and Nichols. If +we now dwell with pleasure on his name, it is chiefly as a recorder +of the sayings of others--it is on account of his assiduity in making +_notes!_ I allude to the volume entitled _Anecdotes, observations, +and characters of books and men_, which was edited by my friend Mr. +Singer, with his wonted care and ability in 1820. + +The _Essay on the Odyssey_ was first published anonymously in 1726-7. +It was reprinted in 1737 and 1747. A copy of the latter edition, now +in my possession, contains this curious note:-- + + "It is remarkable that of twelve passages objected to in this + critique on the English Odyssey, _two_ only are found in those + books which were translated by Pope. + + "From Mr. Langton, who had his information from Mr. Spence. + + "When Spence carried his preface to Gorboduc in {364} 1736 to + Pope, he asked him his opinion. Pope said 'It would do very + well; there was nothing _pert_ or _low_ in it.' Spence was + satisfied with this praise, which however, was in implied + censure on all his other writings.--He is very fond of the + familiar vulgarisms of common talk, and is the very reverse of + Dr. Johnson. + +"E.M." [Edmond Malone.] + +The note is not signed at length, but there can be no doubt as to its +authorship, as I purchased the volume which contains it at the sale of +the unreserved books of Mr. Malone in 1818. + +Bolton Corney. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +NICHOLAS BRETON'S "CROSSING OF PROVERBS." + +Although my query respecting William Basse and his poem, "Great +Britain's Sun's Set," (No. 13. p. 200), produced no positive +information touching that production, it gave an opportunity to some +of your correspondents to communicate valuable intelligence relating +to the author and to other works by him, for which I, for one, was +very much obliged. If I did not obtain exactly what I wanted, I +obtained something that hereafter may be extremely useful; and that +I could not, perhaps, have obtained in any other way than through the +medium of your pleasant and welcome periodical. + +I am now, therefore, about to put a question regarding another writer +of more celebrity and ability. Among our early pamphleteers, there was +certainly none more voluminous than Nicholas Breton, who began writing +in 1575, and did not lay down his pen until late in the reign of +James I. A list of his pieces (by no means complete, but the fullest +that has been compiled) may be seen in Lowndes's _Bibl. Manual_; +it includes several not by Breton, among them Sir Philip Sidney's +_Ourania_, 1606, which in fact is by a person of the name Backster; +and it omits the one to which my present communication refers, and +regarding which I am at some loss. + +In the late Mr. Heber's _Catalogue_, part iv. p. 10., I read as +follows, under the name of Nicholas Breton:-- + + "Crossing of Proverbs. The Second Part, with certaine briefe + Questions and Answeres, by N.B., Gent. Extremely rare and very + curious, _but imperfect_. It appears to contain a portion of + the first part, and also of the second; but it appears to be + unknown." + +Into whose hands this fragment devolved I know not; and that is one +point I am anxious to ascertain, because I have another fragment, +which consists of what is evidently the first sheet of the first part +of the tract in question, with the following title-page, which I quote +_totidem literis_:-- + + "Crossing of Proverbs. Crosse-Answeres. And Crosse-Humours. By + B.N., Gent. At London, Printed for John Wright, and are to be + solde at his Shop without Newgate, at the signe of the Bible, + 1616." + +It is in 8vo., as Heber's fragment appears to have been; but then the +initials of the author are given as N.B., whereas in my fragment they +stand B.N., a usual inversion with Nicholas Breton; the brief address +"To the Reader" is also subscribed B.N.; and then begins the body of +the work, thus headed: "Crosse and Pile, or, Crossing of Proverbs." It +opens as follows: + + "_Proverb_. The more the merrier. + _Cross_. Not so; one hand is enough in a purse. + _P._ Every man loves himselfe best. + _C._ Not so, when man is undone by suretyship. + _P._ He that runnes fastest gets most ground. + _C._ Not so, for then foote-men would have more land than their masters. + _P._ He runnes far that never turnes. + _C._ Not so, he may breake his necke in a short course. + _P._ No man can call againe yesterday. + _C._ Yes, hee may call till his heart ake, though it never come. + _P._ Had I wist was a foole. + _C._ No, he was a foole that said so." + +And so it proceeds, not without humour and point, here and there +borrowing from known sources, as in the following:-- + + "_Proverb._ The world is a long journey. + _Cros._ Not so, the sunne goes it every day. + _P._ It is a great way to the bottom of the sea. + _C._ Not so, it is but a stone's cast." + +However, my object is not to give specimens of the production further +than are necessary for its identification. My queries are, 1st, Who +bought Mr. Heber's fragment, and where is it now to be found? 2nd, Are +any of your correspondents aware of the existence of a perfect copy of +the work? + +I naturally take a peculiar interest about Nicholas Breton, because +I have in my possession an unknown collection of amatory and pastoral +poems by him, printed in quarto in 1604, in matter and measure obvious +imitations of productions in "The Passionate Pilgrim," 1599, imputed +to Shakespeare, and some of which are unquestionably by Richard +Barnfield. + +Any new information regarding Breton and his works will be most +acceptable to me. I am already in possession of undoubted proof that +he was the Nicholas Breton whose epitaph is on the chancel-wall of the +church of Norton, in Northamptonshire, a point Ritson seems to have +questioned. + +J. Payne Collier. + +March 30. 1850. + + * * * * * + +THE SWORD CALLED CURTANA. + +In the wardrobe account for the year 1483, are "iij swerdes, whereof +oon with a flat poynte, {365} called _curtana_, and ij other swords, +all iij swords covered in a yerde di of crymysym tisshue cloth of +gold." + +The name of _curtana_ for many ages continued to be given to the first +royal sword in England. It existed as long ago as the reign of Henry +III., at whose coronation (A.D. 1236) it was carried by the Earl of +Chester. We find it at the coronations of Edward II. and Richard II.; +also in the time of Henry IV., Richard III., and Henry VII.; and among +the royal arms of Edward VI. we read of "a swerde called _curtana_." + +Can any of your readers explain the origin of the name _curtana_, +a sword so famous that it carries us back to the days of ancient +chivalry, when it was wielded by the Dane _Uggiero_, or by the still +more famed _Orlando_. + +Edward F. Rimbault. + + * * * * * + +IS THE DOMBEC THE DOMESDAY OF ALFRED? + +I beg to propose the following "Query":--Is the _Dombec_, a work +referred to in the Laws of Edward the Elder, the same as what has been +called the Domesday or Winchester Book of Alfred the Great? I incline +to think that it is not, and shall be much obliged to any of your +correspondents, learned in the Anglo-Saxon period of our history, who +will give himself the trouble of resolving my doubts. + +Sir Henry Spelman, in his Glossary _voce Dombec_, calls it the _Liber +Judicialis_ of the Anglo-Saxons; and says it is mentioned in the first +chapter of the laws of Edward the Elder, where the king directs his +judges to conduct themselves in their judicial proceedings as on [Old +English: thaere dom bec stand], that is, as _is enjoined in their Dome +Book_.--"Quod," he continues, "an de præcedentium Regum legibus quæ +hodie extant, intelligendum sit: an de alio quopiam libro hactenus non +prodeunte, incertum est." + +But this uncertainty does not seem to have attached itself to the +mind of Sir William Blackstone; for in the third section of the +Introduction prefixed to his _Commentaries on the Laws of England_, he +informs us that our antiquaries "tell us that in the time of Alfred, +the local customs of the several provinces of the kingdom were grown +so various, that he found it expedient to compile his _Dome Book_, or +_Liber Judicialis_, for the general use of the whole kingdom." This +book is said to have been extant so late as the reign of King Edward +IV., but is now unfortunately lost. It contained, we may probably +suppose, the principal maxims of the common law, the penalties for +misdemeanors, and the forms of judicial proceedings. Thus much may be +at least collected from that injunction to observe it, which we find +in the Laws of King Edward the Elder, the son of Alfred.--"_Omnibus +qui reipublicæ præsunt etiam atque etiam mando, ut omnibus æquos +se præbeant judices, perinde ac in judiciali libro_ (Saxonice, [Old +English: dom bec]) _scriptum habetur: nec quidquid formident quin +jus commune_ (Saxonice, [Old English: folcrihte]) _audactes libereque +dicant._" + +But notwithstanding this, it appears to me by no means conclusive, +that the _Dombec_ referred to in the Laws of Edward the Elder and the +_Liber Judicialis_ of Alfred are the same; on the contrary, Alfred's +_Liber Judicialis_ seems to have been known not under the name +of _Dombec_, but under that of the _Winchester Roll_, from the +circumstance of its having been principally kept at Winchester: and +Sir Henry Spelman says, the Domesday Book of William the Conqueror was +sometimes called _Rotulus Wintoniæ, a similitudine antiquoris_, from +its resemblance to an older document preserved at Winchester. And he +quotes Ingulphus Abbot of Croyland, who says, "Iste rotulus (i.e. the +Domesday Book of William) vocatus est Rotulus Wintoniæ, et ab Anglicis +pro sua generalitate, omnia tenementa totius terræ integre continente +_Domesday_ cognominatur." And the he proceeds, "Talem rotulum et +multum similem; ediderat quondam Rex Alfredus, in quo totam terram +Angliæ per comitatus, centurias, et decurias descripserat, sicut +prænotatur. Qui quidem Rotulus Wintoniæ vocatus est, quia deponebatur +apud Wintoniam conservandus," &c. + +Here is nothing said of this work being called [Old English: dom bec]: +neither does Spelman, in his enumeration of the works of Alfred, +give the least intimation that any one of his collections of laws was +called [Old English: dom bec]. + +We know, indeed, that Alfred compiled a code of laws for his subjects; +but whether any part of them has been preserved, or how much of them +is embodied in subsequent codes, cannot now be determined. Asser +mentions that he frequently reprimanded the judges for wrong +judgments; and Spelman, that he wrote "a book against unjust +magistrates," but any complete body of laws, if such was ever framed +by Alfred, is now lost; and that attributed to him in Wilkin's _Leges +Anglo-Saxon_, is held in suspicion by most writers. + +For these reasons, and considering that Sir William Blackstone's +knowledge of English history was rather superficial, I incline to the +belief, that the [Old English: dom bec] referred to in the laws of +Edward the Elder, was some collection of laws made _prior_ to the time +of Alfred: this might clearly be the case, as Sharon Turner informs +us that the Saxon laws were committed to writing as early as the +commencement of the 7th century. + +The opinions of your learned correspondents on this disputed point may +be of much interest to many of your readers, and to none more than to + +George Munford. + +East Winch. + + * * * * *{366} + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_MSS. of the Wycliffite Translations of the Scriptures_.--The Add. MS. +15,521., in the British Museum, contains a copy of Lewis's edition +of the _Wycliffite New Testament_, printed in 1731, with manuscript +notes by Ames and Lewis, and the former has transcribed into it some +_additional prologues_, prefixed to each book of the New Testament, +which had not been printed by Lewis, and were taken by Ames from a MS. +of the New Testament, written in 1424, and in 1731 in the possession +of Thomas Granger. It would be very desirable to learn what became of +this MS. subsequently. Granger died in the following year, but the +MS. does not appear in the sale catalogue of his library, nor is it +found in the catalogue of Ames's own library, dispersed in 1760. Any +information relative to this remarkable copy of the New Testament, +would be very acceptable to the Editors of the _Wycliffite Versions +of the Scriptures_, who are now, after a literary labour of more than +twenty years, about to bring the work to a conclusion. They would +also feel much obliged by the communication of any notices of MSS. of +the Wycliffite versions, _existing in private hands_, exclusive of +those copies of which they already possess descriptions, existing in +the libraries of the following individuals:--Mrs. Allanson of Farn, +Flintshire, the Earl of Ashburnham, Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart., Sir +Peregrine Ackland, Bart., Sir David Dundas, H.M. Judge Advocate, Dr. +Cardwell, Principal of St. Alban's Hall, Oxford, and Thomas Bannister, +Esq. + +F. Madden. + +British Museum, March 28. + + +_Why are Gloves not worn before Royalty?_--Can any of your readers +inform me what is the origin of the custom observed at Court, of +persons in the royal presence not wearing gloves? Is it a matter of +pure etiquette, or does the observance of it derive its origins from +barbarous times, when chivalry was little else than barbarism in +armour? + +F.E. + + +_Law Courts at St. Albans_.--Can any of your correspondents give +me the reference to a communication in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ +(between, I think, the years 1815 and 1836), in which a passage +in Massinger, which alludes to lawyers going to St. Albans, is +illustrated by an inscription in the nave of St. Alban's Abbey Church, +which records that the courts were held there on account of the +sweating-sickness in the reign of Elizabeth? + +[Greek: Sigma.] + + +_Richard Haley, or Hales.--Milton Pedigree_.--I should feel obliged +by any particulars respecting Richard Haley, or Hales, of Idlestreete, +otherwise Ilstreyd, in com. Hertford, yeoman; my object being to +ascertain the nature of some transaction he had with Milton, in July +1674, referred to in a bond which the former executed, dated the +27th of that month, for performance of the covenants contained in an +indenture of even date. + +Is any thing known of Richard Milton, who signs his name as the +attesting witness to the releases given by two of the poet's daughters +for their share of his estate? Is there any pedigree of the family of +Sir Christopher Milton, the poet's brother, drawn up with sufficient +apparent accuracy to exclude the probability of Richard Milton being +his son? I have referred to the pedigree in the British Museum (Harl. +MS. 5802. fo. 19b.), which makes no mention of the letter; but it is +evidently so imperfect a notice, as to be of little authority one way +or other. + +J.F.M. + + +_Sapcote Motto_.--Over the old gatehouse of Elton, co. Hunts., built +by the family of Sapcote, is their coat of arms, namely, "three +dove-cotes;" and upon a scroll, surrounding the lower part of the +shield, is carved a motto, evidently French, and as evidently cut by +a person ignorant of that language. So far as I can decypher it, the +letters appear to be + + sco toot X vinic [or umic] + X poncs. + +Possibly the first and last letters _s_ are only flourishes. I shall +be glad of any suggestion as to its meaning. + +I have not been able to find the Sapcote motto on record; and I +believe the Carysfoot family, the possessors of Elton, and the Duke +of Bedford, the heir in blood, to be ignorant of what this scroll is +intended to represent. + +Erminois. + +Athenæum Club. + + +_Scala Coeli_.--In a will, dated 12 Hen. VIII., the testator directs +that there shall be four trentals of Saint Gregory said for his soul +at London at "Scala Coeli." Can any of your readers explain what place +is meant by "Scala Coeli?" + +A Subscriber. + + +_Illustrations of Gresset's "Vert Vert," painted on Enamel, &c._--In +a Paris edition of Gresset's Works (Janet et Cotelle, 1823), in the +preface is the following passage.-- + + "Vert-vert fut bientôt dans toutes les mains. Le suffrage de + la multitude se joignit à celui des connoisseurs; la mode, qui + est aussi en possession de donner son suffrage, s'empressa de + parer les ajustemens d'invention récente, du nom de l'illustre + perroquet; _les vases d'ornement, les vases usuels_ qui + sortoient des fabriques françoises, retraçoient presque tous + quelques épisodes du petit poëme. Un artist dont le nom est + venu jusqu'à nous, Raux, en _peignit sur émail les sujets + les plus marquants_; et tandis qu'on faisoit passer dans une + version latine les vers élégants du poëte jésuite, M. Bertin, + ministre d'état, le gratifioit d'un magnifique _cabaret_ de + Sèvres, dont toutes les pièces reproduisoient les aventures + de son héros, ce qui fit dire à Gresset, _qu'on le traduisoit + aussi en porcelaine de Sèvres_." {367} + +The _Query_ I wish to make is, Have any of these illustrations or +designs from Gresset's poem of Vert-vert, painted on enamel china, or +earthenware of any sort, of French or any other manufacture, come to +light of late years? or more lately still, among the articles that +have been dispersed among various buyers of almost all nations, in the +sales within these few weeks effected at Paris? + +Robert Snow. + + +_Urbanus Regius_.--A friend of mine, a delightful old lady, fresh, +genial, and inquisitive, has in her possession an old volume, a family +heir-loom, which is not the less dear to her for being somewhat dingy +and dilapidated, and touching which she would gladly receive such +information as your correspondents can supply. + +It is made up of three apparently distinct treatises; the first +(of which several leaves are wanting) on the twelve articles of the +Apostles' Creed. The second is "The ryght foundation, and pryncypall +common places of the hole godly Scripture," &c., by Doctor Urbanus +Regius. Prefixed is an epistle to Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury +(evidently Cranmer), to whom "Hys dayly oratoure, Gwalter Lynne (the +writer of the epistle), wyssheth lyfe euerlastynge." Between this +second treatise and the third, and apparently belonging to the latter, +is a title-page with the following inscription: + + "Imprinted for Gwalter Lynne, dwelling upon Somers Kaye, by + Byllinges gate. In the yeare of oure Lorde. MDXLVIII. And they + by [_sic_] to be solde at Poules church yarde at the north + doore, In the signe of the By-bell, By Richard Jugge." + +This last treatise is in smaller type than the others, and has no +general designation: it contains chapters on various subjects, e.g. +"The Signification of Baptism," &c. + +Query 1. Is this volume well known? 2. Who were Urbanus Regius and +Walter Lynne? + +G.P. + +March 16. 1850. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + +THE ARABIC NUMERALS AND CIPHER. + +I might, with a little more consideration, have referred "E.V." to +several other authorities which he will do well to consult. + +9. Wallis's _Algebra_, p. 9. and p. 153. of the additions. + +10. _Phil. Trans._, Nos. 439. and 475. + +11. Montucla, _Histoire des Mathématiques_, tom. i. chap. 2. + +12. Baillie, _Histoire de l'Astronomie_. + +13. Delambre[1], _Hist. de l'Astr. du moyen age_. + +14. Hutton's _Tracts_ (8vo. ed. 1812.), vol. ii. (subject "History of +Algebra") + +15. Huet, _Demonstratio Evangelica_. + +16. Dr. John Taylor's Translation of the _Lilawati_. (Bombay, 1816.) + +17. Strachey's Translation of the _Bija Ganita_[2]. + +18. Colebrooke's _Algebra of the Hindus_. + +Would it not be worth while to give a _facsimile_ of the "Tabel for +all manere of merchauntes," in the "Notes and Queries"? It is not only +a curiosity, but an important element (and unique as far as is known) +in the philosophic history of our arithmetic. It was, no doubt, an +actual instrument in constant use in the merchant's office, as much so +as an almanac, interest-tables, a "cambist" and a copying-press, are +now. + +As regards the cipher, the difficulty only commenced with _writing +numbers_ in the new symbology. With persons accustomed to the use +of this instrument, there is no doubt that the mode of obviating the +difficulty of "keeping the place," would suggest itself at once. In +this instrument an empty hole (without its peg) _signified_ "none of +this denomination." What then more simple than to make the outline +of the empty hole which occupied the "local position" of any +denomination, when none of that precise denomination occurred in the +number itself? Under this view the process at least becomes simple +and natural; and as the early merchants contributed so largely to the +improvement of our arithmetical processes, such a conclusion is wholly +divested of improbability on any other ground. The circle would then +naturally become, as it certainly has practically become, the most +appropriate symbol of _nothingness_. + +As regards the term _cipher_ or _zero_ (which are so obviously the +same as to need no remark), it is admitted on all hands to be derived +from one or other of the Semitic languages, the Hebrew or the Arabic. +It is customery with the mathematical historians to refer it to the +Arabic, they being in general more conversant with it than with the +Hebrew. The Arabic being a smaller hand than the Hebrew, a dot was +used instead of the circle for marking the "place" at which the hiatus +of any "denomination" occurred. If we obtained our cipher from this, +it would be made hollow (a mere _ceinture_, girdle, or ring) to +save the trouble of making a dot sufficiently large to correspond in +magnitude with our other numerals as we write them. Either is alike +possible--probability must be sought, for either over the other, from +a slightly different source. + +The root-words in Hebrew and in Arabic are precisely the same +(_ts-ph-r_), though in the two {368} languages, and at different ages +of the same language, they might have been vowelised differently. +In some shape or other, this name is used in all countries that have +derived their arithmetic from mediæval Italy, or from the Saracens. It +is with some _cipher_, with others _chiffre_, and with all _zero_. The +word is certainly no more Italian than it is French or English. Be it +remembered, too, that _ezor_ (quoted at p. 268.), as a _girdle_, is +radically the same word, somewhat mutilated. The cardinal meaning of +the word (denuded of the conventional accretions of signification, +which peculiar applications of it adds to the cardinal meaning) +appears to be _emptiness_, _hollowness_, _nothingness_. It may be +further remarked, that in the fine Chartres MS. of Boetius, described +by Chasles, the 0 is called _sipos_:--the same name, he remarks, +that Graves found in use in the East. The modern Turks call the 0, +_tsifra_. + +It is curious enough that in all languages, the term _ciphering_ is +popularly used to denote all arithmetical operations whatever. +Our schoolboys do their "ciphering," and write carefully in their +"ciphering-books." This all seems to point to the art of dispensing +with the use of the abacus or counting table. + +T.S.D. + +Shooter's Hill, March 5. + +[1] The best account, because the most consistent and +intelligible, of the Greek arithmetic, is that by Delambre, affixed to +Peyraud's edition of Archimedes. + +[2] At a period of leisure I may be tempted to send you a few +extracts, somewhat curious, from some of the papers of Mr. Strachey in +my possession. + + +_Arabic Numerals_.--I had replied to "E.V." (No. 15. p. 230.), when +I saw by your "Notice to Correspondents," that the question was +answered. I therefore waited the publication of the replies, which I +find do not embrace any one of the points to which I would call the +attention of "E.V."--Diophantus of Alexandria, who flourished about +150 years after Christ, and who wrote thirteen books of algebra or +arithmetic in the Greek language, is generally supposed to be the +oldest writer on the subject that has come down to our time; but it +was not from him that we received the knowledge of algebra in Europe. +It appears certain that the first knowledge of this science in +England was from Italy or Spain, after the Moors settled in the latter +country; and the Arabians and Persians appear to have derived their +arithmetical method of computing by ten characters from the Indians: +who, in their turn, have most probably borrowed from the Chinese, and +improved on their method by the adoption of a zero, which was one of +the most important improvements effected by the Hindoos. In China, +the words ancient and modern are almost synonymous; their usages +and customs being so unchangeable, as appears by their instrument +of computation, the _swanpan_, which is still used in all their +calculations. The Oriental scholar will find much curious and +interesting information connected with this subject in the Sanscrit +_Vija Ganita_ and _Lilivati_ of Bhaskara Acharya: the former +was translated into Persian at Agra, or Delhi, in 1634, and the +latter by Fyzee in 1587; but there are also English translations, +all of which are in the library of the Royal Asiatic Society. The +_Khalasah-ul-Hisah_ is another work of repute in India. Mr. Strachey +wrote and printed in India, for the _Asiatic Researches_, a valuable +paper, which contains most conclusive evidence of the Indian (if not +Chinese) origin of our numerals. See also _Astronomie Indienne_, +of M. Bailly; 2d vol. _Asiatic Researches_, "On the Astronomical +Computations of the Hindoos," by Saml. Davis; "Two Dissertations on +Indian Astronomy and Trigonometry," by Professor Playfair, in the 2d +and 4th vols. of the _Edinburgh Philosophical Transactions_. And many +others might be referred to; but all tending to prove that our numbers +came originally from China and India, through Persia, Arabia, Africa, +Spain, and Italy, by gradual and successive changes in form, several +of them still retaining a close resemblance to the ancient and modern +Sanscrit, Chinese, Arabic, Persian, and Hindoo numerals. + +Henry Wilkinson. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +I send you a few Notes on Queries scattered through some of the later +numbers of your very valuable publication: + +_Anonymous Ravennas_.--In the library of the Royal Geographical +Society, I believe there is a copy of an 8vo. edition of that +cosmography. + +_Selago_.--This plant, I should think it probable, is the _Lycopodium +clavatum_ of modern botanists; the seeds of which, when ripe, and when +the plant is struck, rise like smoke ("fumum" of Pliny), and may have +been supposed, from their remarkable inflammability when dashed into +a flame, igniting with a sudden flash, to have possessed wonderful +virtues. The species known as _Lycopodium selago_ is rare in +comparison to the other. + +_Portugal_.--In the library of the Geographical Society are some of +the more recent works published in Lisbon on the topography of that +country, but they are generally very meagre and unsatisfactory. In a +periodical published in Lisbon in numbers, on the plan of the _Penny +Magazine_, there is a good deal of information, with engravings, +regarding many places of interest in Portugal. I think it is called +_The Album_, but I am sorry I have not at present the power of sending +you more correct particulars concerning it. It is in 4to. + +Portugal is a country that is so little travelled in either by natives +or foreigners, that information regarding places in the interior +is not easily obtained; and facilities for travelling, as well as +accommodation for travellers, is of a very limited description. + +_Sir Roger de Coverley_.--In one of your early numbers was a query on +this subject, which I do not think has been yet answered. I have a MS. +{369} account of the family of Calverley, of Calverley, in Yorkshire, +an autograph of Ralph Thoresby in the year 1717, in which occurs the +following passage:-- + + "_Roger_, so named from the Archbishop" (of York), "was + a person of renowned hospitality, since, at this day, the + obsolete known tune of _Roger a Calverley_ is referred to + him, who, according to the custom of those times, kept his + _minstrells_, from that their office named _harpers_, which + became a family and possessed lands till late years in and + about _Calverley_, called to this day _Harpersroids_ and + _Harper's Spring_.... He was a knight, and lived in the time + of K. Richard 1st. His seal, appended to one of his charters, + is large, with a chevalier on horseback." + +W. CALVERLEY TREVELYAN. + + * * * * * + +DERIVATIONS OF "NEWS." + +It is not declared with what motive "Mr. GUTCH" (No. 17. p. 270.) has +laid before the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" the alleged derivation +of N.E.W.S. + +It must therefore be supposed, that his object was to have its +justness and probability commented upon; and it is quite time that +they should be so, since the derivation in question has of late become +quite a favourite authoritative dictum with etymology compilers. +Thus it may be found, in the very words and form adopted by your +correspondent, in Haydn's _Dictionary of Dates_, and in other +authorities of equal weight. + +This sort of initial-letter derivation was probably brought into +fashion in England by the alleged origin of "Cabal," or, perhaps, by +the many guesses at the much disputed word "Æra." I shall take the +liberty of quoting a few sentences with reference to such etymologies, +_as a class_, which I find in an unpublished manuscript upon a kindred +subject. + + "Besides, such a splitting up of a word of significant and + perfect meaning in itself is always a bad and suspicious mode + of derivation. + + "It is generally an after-thought, suggested by some + fortuitous or fancied coincidence, that appropriateness of + which is by no means a sufficient proof of probability. + + "Of this there can scarcely be a better example than the + English word 'news,' which, notwithstanding the felicity of + its supposed derivation from the four cardinal points, must, + nevertheless, so long as the corresponding words 'nova,' + 'nouvelles,' &c. exist, be consigned to its more sober and + common-place origin in the adjective '_new_.'" + +To this it must be added that the ancient orthography of the word +_newes_, completely upsets the derivation Mr. Gutch has brought before +your readers. Hone quotes from "one Burton, printed in 1614: 'if any +one read now-a-days, it is a play-book, or _a pamphlet_ of _newes_." + +I had been in two minds whether or not to send this communication, +when the scale is completely turned by the apropos occurrence of a +corroboration of this latter objection in "NOTES AND QUERIES" of this +day. Mr. Rimbault mentions (at p. 277.), "a rare black letter volume +entitled _Newes from Scotland_, 1591." + +Here is one more proof of the usefulness of your publication, that I +am thus enabled to strengthen the illustration of a totally different +subject by the incidental authority of a fellow correspondent. + +A.E.B. + +Leeds, March, 1850. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Swot_ is, as the querist supposes, a military cant term, and +a sufficiently vulgar one too. It originated at the great +slang-manufactory for the army, the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. +You may depend upon the following account of it, which I had many +years ago from the late Thomas Leybourne, F.R.S., Senior Professor of +Mathematics in that college. + +One of the Professors, Dr. William Wallace, in addition to his being a +Scotchman, had a bald head, and an exceedingly "broad Scotch" accent, +besides a not very delicate discrimination in the choice of his +English terms relating to social life. It happened on one hot summer's +day, nearly half a century ago, that he had been teaching a class, +and had worked himself into a considerable effusion from the skin. He +took out his handkerchief, rubbed his head and forehead violently, and +exclaimed in his Perthshire dialect,--"_It maks one swot_." This was +a God-send to the "gentlemen cadets," wishing to achieve a notoriety +as wits and slangsters; and mathematics generally ever after became +_swot_, and mathematicians _swots_. I have often heard it said:--"I +never could do _swot_ well, Sir;" and "these dull fellows, the +_swots_, can talk of nothing but triangles and equations." + +I should have thought that the _sheer disgustingness_ of the +idea would have shut the word out of the vocabularies of English +_gentlemen_. It remains nevertheless a standard term in the vocabulary +of an English soldier. It is well, at all events, that future ages +should know its etymology. + +T.S.D. + + +_Pokership_, (_antè_, pp. 185. 218. 269. 282. 323, 324.)--I am sorry +to see that no progress has yet been made towards a satisfactory +explanation of this office. I was in hopes that something better than +mere conjecture would have been supplied from the peculiar facilities +of "T.R.F." "W.H.C." (p. 323.) has done little more than refer to the +same instruments as had been already adverted to by me in p. 269., +with the new reading {370} of _poulterer_ for poker! With repect to +"T.R.F.'s" conjecture, I should be more ready to accept it if he +could produce a single example of the word _pawker_, in the sense of +a hog-warden. The quotation from the Pipe-roll of John is founded on +a mistake. The entry occurs in other previous rolls, and is there +clearly explained to refer to the _porter of Hereford Castle_. Thus, +in Pipe 2 Hen. II. and 3 Hen. II. we have, under Hereford, + + "In liberatione portarii castelli ... 30s. 5d." + +In Pipe 1 Ric. I. we have, + + "In liberatione constitutâ portarii de Hereford, 30s. 5d." + +Again, in Pipe 3 Joh. + + "In liberatione constitutâ portario de Hereford, 30s. 5d." + +A similar entry is to be found in other rolls, as well printed as +inedited. I could indulge some other criticisms on the communication +of your correspondent in Spring Gardens, but I prefer encouraging +him to make further inquiries, and to produce from the records in +his custody some more satisfactory solution of the difficulty. In the +meantime, let me refer to a Survey of Wrigmore Castle in the Lansdowne +Collection, No. 40. fo. 82. The surveyor there reports, that the +paling, rails, &c. of the park are much decayed in many and sundry +places, and he estimates the repairs, with allowance of timber from +the wood there, "by good surveye and oversight of the _poker_ and +other officers of the said parke," at 4l. The date of the survey is 13 +May, 1584. + +Comparing this notice of the office with the receiver's accounts +tempore Hen. VII. and Hen. VIII. (_antè_, p. 269.), in which the +officer is called "pocarius omnium boscorum," I cannot doubt that his +duty, or at least one of his duties, was that of woodward, and that, +as such, he assigned timber for repair of the premises. How he came by +his local title and style of poker is a mystery on which we have all +hitherto failed to throw any light. + +E.S. + + +_Vox Populi Vox Dei_,--about the origin of which saying "QUÆSITOR" +asks (No. 21. p. 321.),--were the words chosen by the Archbishop of +Canterbury, Simon Mepham, as his text for the sermon which he preached +when Edward III. was called to the throne, from which the nation had +pulled down his father, Edward II. This we learn from Walsingham, who +says: + + "Archiepiscopus verò Cantuariæ præsenti consensit electioni, + ut omnes prælati et archiepiscopus quidem assumpto themate, + _Vox populi Vox Dei_, sermonem fecit populo, exhortans + omnes ut apud regem regum intercederent pro electo."--Tho. + Walsingham, _Hist. Angl._ ed. Camden, p. 126. + +DANIEL ROCK. + + +_A living Dog better than a dead Lion_.--I no not know whether your +correspondent (No. 22. p. 352.) ever goes to church; but if he is not +prevented by rain next St. Swithin's day, he will learn who was the +author of this proverb. It will be a good thing, if your work should +sometimes lead your readers to search the Scriptures, and give them +credit for wisdom that has flowed from them so long, and far, and +wide, that its source is forgotten; but this is not the place for a +sermon, and I now only add, "here endeth the first lesson" from + +ECCLESIASTES. + + ["J.E.," "D.D.," and other correspondents, have also replied + to this Query by references to Eccl. ix. 4.] + + +_Curious Monumental Brass_ (No. 16. p. 247.)--If "RAHERE" will turn to +Mr. Boutell's _Monumental Brasses and Slabs_, p. 148., he will there +find a description as well as an engraving of what, from his account, +I doubt not he will discover to be the identical fragment to which he +refers. A foot legend, and what remains of a border inscription, is +added to it. In the above work, pp. 147 to 155, and in the Oxford +Architectural Society's _Manual for the Study of Brasses_, p. 15., +"RAHERE" will find an account and references to numerous examples of +palimpsest brasses, to which class the one in question belongs. + +I presume that "RAHERE" is a young brass-rubber, or the fact of a +plate being engraved on both sides would have presented no difficulty +to him. + +ARUN. + + [We have received several other replies to this Query, + referring to Mr. Boutell's _Monumental Brasses_: one from + "W."; another from "A CORNISHMAN," who says,-- + + "The brass in question, when I saw it last, had been + removed from the Rectory and placed in the tomb of Abbot + Wheathampstead, in company with the famous one of Thomas + Delamere, another Abbot of St. Albans." + + Another from "E.V.," who states,-- + + "Other examples are found at St. Margaret's, Rochester (where + the cause of the second engraving is found to be an error in + costume in the first), St. Martins at Plain, Norwich, Hedgerly + Church, Bucks, and Burwell Church, Cambridgeshire. Of this + last, an engraving and description, by Mr. A.W. Franks, + is given in the fourteenth part of the Publications of the + Cambridge Antiquarian Society." + + One from "WILLIAM SPARROW SIMPSON," who says,-- + + "It is also described in the Oxford Architectural Society's + _Manual of Mon. Brasses_, No. 6. pp. 6, 7. other examples of + which occur at Rochester, Kent, and at Cobham, Surrey. A small + plate of brass, in the possession of a friend, has on one side + a group of children, and on the reverse the uplifted hands of + an earlier figure." + + And lastly, one from "A.P.H." (to which we cannot do ample + justice, as we do not keep an engraver), from which we extract + the following passages:-- + + "A friend of mine has a shield in his possession, taken from + a slab, and which has been enamelled. It is of late date + and rudely executed. On the back is {371} seen the hands and + breast of a small female figure, very nearly a century earlier + in date. I can also remember an inscription in Cuxton Church, + Kent, which was loose, and had another inscription on the back + in the same manner. + + "I am very much impressed with the idea that the destroyed + brasses never had been used at all; but had been engraved, + and then, from circumstances that of course we cannot hope to + fathom, thrown on one side till the metal might be used for + some other purpose. This, I think, is a more probable, as well + as a more charitable explanation than the one usually given of + the so-called palimpsest brasses."] + + +_Chapels_ (No. 20. p. 333.).--As to the origin of the name, will you +allow me to refer Mr. Gatty to Ducange's _Glossary_, where he will +find much that is to his purpose. + +As to its being "a legal description," I will not undertake to +give an opinion without a fee; but I will mention a fact which may +assist him in forming one. I believe that fifty years ago the word +_Chapel_ was very seldom used among those who formed what was termed +the "Dissenting Interest;" that is, the three "denominations" of +Independents, Baptists, and Presbyterians. But I well recollect +hearing, from good authority, nearly, or quite, forty years ago, that +an eminent barrister (whom I might now describe as a late learned +judge), who was much looked up to by the dissenters as one of their +body, had particularly advised that in all trust-deeds relating to +places of dissenting worship, they should be called "Chapels." I do +not know that he assigned any reason, but I know that the opinion was +given, or communicated, to those who had influence; and, from my own +observation, I believe that from about that time we must date the +adoption of the term, which has now been long in general use. + +I do not imagine that there was any idea of either assistance +or opposition to the Church of England, in the mind of him who +recommended, or those who adopted, the alteration, or that either +of them expected or sought any thing by this measure but to obtain +a greater security for property, or, rather, to avoid some real +or imagined insecurity, found or supposed to attach to the form of +description previously in use. + +A BARRISTER. + + +_Forlot, Forthlot_ (No. 20. p. 320.).--A measure of grain used +throughout Scotland at present--query _fourthlot_. See Jamieson's +_Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language_. + + "_Firlot; Fyrlot; Furlet_.--A corn measure in S., the fourth + part of a boll. + + "Thay ordainit the boll to mat victual with, to be devidit + in foure partis, _videlicet_, foure _fyrlottis_ to contene + a boll; and that _fyrlot_ not to be maid efter the first + mesoure, na efter the mesoure now usit, bot in middill mesoure + betwixt the twa."--_Acts Jac._ l. 1526. c. 80. edit. 1566. + + "--Ane furme, ane furlet, + Ane pott, ane pek." + + Bannatyne _Poems_, p. 159. + +Skinner derives it from A.-S. _feower_, quatuor; and _lot_, _hlot_, +portio (the fourth part); Teut. "_viertel_." + +J.S. + + +_Loscop_ (No. 20. p. 319).--To be "Louecope-free" is one of the +immunities granted to the Cinque Ports in their charters of Liberties. + +Jeakes explains the term thus:-- + + "The Saxon word Cope (in Low Dutch still Kope or Koope), for + trade or merchandising, makes this as much as to trade freely + for love. So that by no kind of monopoly patent, or company or + society of traders or merchants, the portsmen be hindered from + merchandising; but freely and for love, be permitted to trade + and traffick, even by such company of merchants, whenever it + shall happen their concerns lie together." + +In my MSS., and in the print of Jeakes, it is "Louecope," with which +"Lofcope" may be readily identified; and _f_ may easily be misread for +_s_, especially if the roll be obscured. + +If Jeakes's etymology of the word be correct, the inference would +rather be that "Lovecope" was a tax for the goodwill of the port +at which a merchant vessel might arrive; a "port duty" in fact, +independent of "lastage" &c., chargeable upon every trader that +entered the port, whatever her cargo might be. And the immunities +granted to the portsmen were that they should be "port duty free." + +I do not venture to offer this as any thing more than a mere guess. +Among your contributors there are many more learned than myself in +this branch of antiquarian lore, who will probably be able to give +a more correct interpretation, and we shall feel obliged for any +assistance that they can give us in elucidating the question. + +"Lovecope" might perhaps be the designation of the association of +merchants itself, to which Jeakes alludes; and the liberty of forming +such association, with powers of imposing port duties, may have been +dependent on special grant to any port by royal charter, such as that +which forms the subject of your correspondent's communication. + +After all, perhaps, "Lovecope" was the word for an association of +merchants; and "Louecope-free" is to be freed from privileged taxation +by this body. + +L.B.L. + + +_Smelling of the Lamp_ (No. 21. p. 335.).--"X." will find the +expression [Greek: Illuchnion ozein] attributed to Pytheas by Plutarch +(_Vit. Demosth._, c. 8.). + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + + +_Anglo-Saxon MS. of Orosius_ (No. 20. p. 313.).--It may gratify Mr. +Singer to be informed that the Lauderdale MS., formerly in the library +at Ham House, is now preserved, with several other {372} valuable +manuscripts and books, in the library at Helmingham Hall, Suffolk, the +seat of the Tollemache family. + +M. + + +_Golden Frog_.--Ingenious as is the suggestion of "R.R." (No. 18. p. +282.), that Sir John Poley stuck a golden frog in his ear from his +affection for _tadpoles_, I think "R.R.'s" "Rowley Poley" may be +dismissed with the "_gammon_ and spinach" of the amorous frog to which +he alludes. + +Conceiving that the origin of so singular a badge could hardly fail to +be commemorated by some tradition in the family, I have made inquiry +of one of Sir John Poley's descendants, and I regret to hear from him +that "they have no authentic tradition respecting it, but that they +have always believed that it had some connection with the service Sir +John rendered in the Low Countries, where he distinguished himself +much by his military achievements." To the Low Countries, then, the +land of frogs, we must turn for the solution of the enigma. + +Gastras. + +Cambridge, March 9. + + +_Sword of Charles I._--Mr. Planché inquires (No. 12. p. 183.), "When +did the real sword of Charles the First's time, which, but a few years +back, hung at the side of that monarch's equestrian figure at Charing +Cross, disappear?"--It disappeared about the time of the coronation +of Her present Majesty, when some scaffolding was erected about the +statue, which afforded great facilities for removing the rapier (for +such it was); and I always understood it found its way, by some means +or other, to the Museum, so called, of the notoriously frolicsome +Captain D----, where, in company with the wand of the Great Wizard of +the North, and other well-known articles, it was carefully labelled +and numbered, and a little account appended of the circumstances of +its acquisition and removal. + +John Street. + + [Surely then Burke was right, and the "Age of Chivalry is + past!"--Otherwise the idea of _disarming a statue_ would never + have entered the head of any Man of Arms, even in his most + frolicsome of moods.] + + +_John Bull_.--_Vertue MSS._--I always fancied that the familiar name +for our countrymen, about the origin of which "R.F.H." inquires (No. +21. p. 336.), was adopted from Swift's _History of John Bull_, first +printed in 1712; but I have no authority for saying so. + +If the Vertue MSS. alluded to (No. 20. p. 319.) were ever returned by +Mr. Steevens to Dr. Rawlinson, they may be in the Bodleian Library, to +which the Doctor left all his collections, including a large mass of +papers purchased by him long after Pepys' death, as he described it, +"Thus et odores vendentibus." + +These "_Pepys_ papers," as far as I can recollect, were very +voluminous, and relating to all sorts of subjects; but I saw them in +1824, and had only then time to examine and extract for publication +portions of the correspondence. + +Braybrooke. + +Audley End, March 25. + + +_Vertue's Manuscripts_.--The MS. quoted under this title by Malone +is printed entire, or rather all of it which refers to plays, by Mr. +Peter Cunningham, in the _Papers of the Shakspeare Society_, vol. ii. +p. 123., from an interleaved copy of Langbaine. Since the publication +of that paper, the entries relating to Shakspeare's plays have been +given from the original MS. in the Bodleian Library, in Halliwell's +_Life of Shakspeare_, p. 272. + +S.L. + + +_Vertue's MSS_. (No. 20. p. 319.) were in Horace Walpole's possession, +bought by him, I think, of Vertue's widow; and his _Anecdotes of +Painting_ were chiefly composed from them, as he states, with great +modesty, in his dedication and his preface. I do not see in the +Strawberry-Hill Catalogue any notice of "Vertue's MSS.," though some +vols. of his collection of engravings were sold. + +C. + + +_Lines attributed to Tom Brown_.--In a book entitled _Liber +Facetiarum, being a Collection of curious and interesting Anecdotes_, +published at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, by D. Akenhead & Sons, 1809, the +passage attributed to Tom Brown by your correspondent "J.T." is given +to Zacharias Boyd. + +The only reference given as authority for the account is the initials +H.B. + + "Zacharias Boyd, whose bust is to be seen over the entrance + to the Royal College in Glasgow, while Professor in that + university, translated the Old and New Testament into Scotch + Metre; and, from a laudable zeal to disseminate religious + knowledge among the lower classes of the community, is said to + have left a very considerable sum to defray the expense of the + said work, which, however, his executors never printed." + +After a few specimens, the account goes on + + "But the highest flight of his Muse appears in the following + _beautiful Alexandrine_: + + "And was not Pharaoh a saucy rascal? + That would not let the children of Israel, their wives + And their little ones, their flocks and their herds, go + Out into the wilderness forty days + To eat the Pascal. + + "H.B." + +Speaking of Zachariah Boyd, Granger says, (vol. ii. p. 379.): + + "His translation of the Scripture in such uncouth verse as to + amount to burlesque, has been often quoted, and the just fame + of a benefactor to learning has been obscured by that cloud + of miserable rhymes. Candour will smile at the foible, but + applaud the man. + + "Macure, in his account of Glasgow, p. 223., informs us he + lived in the reign of Charles I." + +H.I. + +Sheffield, March 9. 1850. {373} + + +_Passage in Frith's Works_ (No. 20. p. 319).--This passage should be +read, as I suppose, "Ab inferiori ad suum superius confuse distribui." + +It means that there would be confusion, if what is said distributively +or universally of the lower, should be applied distributively or +universally to the higher; or, in other words, if what is said +universally of a species, should be applied universally to the genus +that contains that and other species: e.g., properties that are +universally found in the human species will not be found universally +in the genus Mammalis, and universal properties of Mammalia wil not be +universal over the animal kingdom. + +T.J. + + +_Martins, the Louvain Printer_.--Your correspondent "W." (No. +12. p. 185.) is informed, that in Falkenstein's _Geschichte der +Buchdrucherkunst_ (Leipzig, 1840, p. 257.), Theoderich Martens, +printer in Louvain and Antwerp, is twice mentioned. I have no doubt +but this is the correct German form of the name. Mertens, by which he +was also known, may very possibly be the Flemish form. His Christian +name was also written Dierik, a short form of Dietrich, which, in its +turn, is the same as Theodorich. + +NORTHMAN. + + +_Master of the Revels_.--"DR. RIMBAULT" states (No. 14. p. 219.), that +Solomon Dayrolle was appointed Master of the Revels in 1744, but does +not know the date of his decease. It may be unknown to Dr. Rimbault, +that Solomon Dayrolle_s_ was an intimate friend and correspondent of +the great Lord Chesterfield: the correspondence continues from 1748 +to 1755 in the selection of Chesterfield's letters to which I am +referring. + +Dayrolles, during all that period, held a diplomatic appointment from +this country at the Hague. See Lord Chesterfield's letter to him of +the 22d Feb. 1748, where Lord C. suggests that by being cautious he +(Dayrolles) may be put _en train d'être Monsieur l'Envoye_. + +In several of the letters Chesterfield warmly and familiarly commends +his hopeful son, Mr. Stanhope, to the care and attention of Dayrolles. + +I have not been able to ascertain when Dayrolles died, but the above +may lead to the discovery. + +W.H. LAMMIN. + + +_French Maxim_.--The French saying quoted by "R.V." is the 223rd +of _Les Réflexions morales du Duc de la Rochefoucauld_ (Pougin, +Paris, 1839). I feel great pleasure in being able to answer your +correspondent's query, as I hope that my reply may be the means of +introducing to his notice one of the most delightful authors that has +ever yet written: one who deserves far more attention than he appears +to receive from general readers in this degenerate age, and from whom +many of his literary successors have borrowed some of their brightest +thoughts. I need not go far for an illustration: + + "Praise undeserved, is scandal in disguise," + +is merely a condensation of, + + "Louer les princes des vertus qu'ils n'ont pas, c'est leur + dire impunément des injures."--La Rochefoucauld, Max. 327. + +I believe that Pope marks it as a _translation--a borrowed +thought--not as a quotation_. He has just before used the words "your +Majesty;" and I think the word "_scandal_" is employed "_consulto_," +and alludes to the offence known in English law as "scandalum +magnatum." Your correspondent will, of course, read the work in the +original; in fact, he _must_ do so _per force_. A good translation +of _Les Maximes_ is still a desideratum in English literature. I +have not yet seen one that could lay claim even to the meagre title +of mediocrity; although I have spared neither time nor pains in the +search. Should any of your readers have been more fortunate, I shall +feel obliged by their referring me to it. + +MELANION. + + +_Endeavour_.--I have just found the following instance of "endeavour" +used as an active verb, in Dryden's translation of Maimbourg's +_History of the League_, 1684. + + "On the one side the majestique House of Bourbon,... and on + the other side, that of two eminent families which endeavour'd + their own advancement by its destruction; the one is already + debas'd to the lowest degree, and the other almost reduc'd to + nothing."--p. 3. + +C. FORBES. + +Temple. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANIES. + +_Epigram by La Monnoye_.--It has been ingeniously said, that "Life is +an epigram, of which death is the point." Alas for human nature! good +points are rare; and no wonder, according to this wicked, but witty, + + EPIGRAM BY LA MONNOYE. + + The world of fools has such a store, + That he who would not see an ass, + Must bide at home, and bolt his door, + And break his looking glass. + +S.W.S. + +Mickleham, Dec. 10. 1849. + + +_Spur Money_.--Two or three years since, a party of sappers and miners +was stationed at Peterborough, engaged in the trigonometrical survey, +when the officer entered the cathedral with his spurs on, and was +immediately beset by the choristers, who demanded money of him for +treading the sacred floor with armed heels. Does any one know the +origin of this singular custom? I inquired of some of the dignitaries +of the Cathedral, but they were not aware even of its existence. The +boys, however, have more tenacious memories, at least where their +interest is concerned; but we must not look to them for the origin of +a {374} custom which appears to have long existed. In the _Memorials +of John Ray_, published by the Ray Society, p. 131., there is the +following entry in his second Itinerary:-- + + "July the 26th, 1661, we began our journey northwards from + Cambridge, and that day, passing through Huntingdon and + Stilton, we rode as far as Peterborough twenty-five miles. + There I first heard the Cathedral service. The choristers made + us pay money for coming into the choir with our spurs on." + +East Winch. + + [The following note from _The Book of the Court_ will serve + to illustrate the curious custom referred to by our + correspondent: + + "In _The Privy Purse Expenses of King Henry VIII._ edited by + Sir Harris Nicolas, there occur several entries of payments + made to the choristers of Windsor 'in rewarde for the king's + spurs'; which the editor supposes to mean 'money paid to + redeem the king's spurs, which had become the fee of the + choristers at Windsor, perhaps at installations, or at the + annual celebration of St. George's feast.' No notice of the + subject occurs in Ashmole's or Anstis's _History of the Order + of the Garter_. Mr. Markland, quoting a note to Gifford's + edition of Ben Jonson, vol. ii. p. 49., says, 'In the time + of Ben Jonson, in consequence of the interruptions to Divine + Service occasioned by the ringing of the spurs worn by persons + walking and transacting business in cathedrals, and especially + in St. Paul's, a small fine was imposed on them, called + "spur-money," the exaction of which was committed to the + beadles and singing-boys.' This practice, and to which, + probably, the items in Henry's household-book bear reference, + still obtains, or, at least, did till very lately, in the + Chapel Royal and other choirs. Our informant himself claimed + the penalty, in Westminster Abbey, from Dr. Fisher, Bishop of + Rochester, and received from him an eighteenpenny bank token + as the fine. He likewise claimed the penalty from the King + of Hanover (then Duke of Cumberland), for entering the choir + of the Abbey in his spurs. But His Royal Highness, who had + been installed there, excused himself with great readiness, + pleading 'his right to wear his spurs in that church, inasmuch + as it was the place where they were first put on him!'--See + further, _European Mag._, vol. iii. p. 16."] + + * * * * * + +MINIMUM DE MALIS. + +(_FROM THE LATIN OF BUCHANAN._) + + Calenus owed a single pound, which yet + With all my dunning I could never get. + Tired of fair words, whose falsehood I foresaw, + I hied to Aulus, learned in the law. + He heard my story, bade me "Never fear, + There was no doubt--no case could be more clear:-- + He'd do the needful in the proper place, + And give his best attention to the case." + And this he may have done--for it appears + To have been his business for the last ten years, + Though on his pains ten times ten pounds bestow'd + Have not regain'd that one Calenus owed. + Now, fearful lest this unproductive strife + Consume at once my fortune and my life, + I take the only course I can pursue, + And shun my debtor and my lawyer too. + I've no more hope from promises or laws, + And heartily renounce both debt and cause-- + But if with either rogue I've more to do, + I'll surely choose my debtor of the two; + For though I credit not the lies he tells, + At least he _gives_ me what the other _sells_. + +Rufus. + + * * * * * + +_Epigram on Louis XIV._--I find the following epigram among some old +papers. The emperor would be Leopold I., the king Louis XIV. + +_Epigram by the Emperor, 1666, and the King of France._ + + Bella fugis, sequeris bellas, pugnæque repugnas, + Et bellatori sunt tibi bella tori. + Imbelles imbellis amas, totusque videris + Mars ad opus Veneris, Martis ad arma Venus. + +J.H.L. + + +_Macaulay's Young Levite._--I met, the other day with a rather curious +confirmation of a passage in Macaulay's _History of England_, which +has been more assailed perhaps than any other. + +In his character of the clergy, Macaulay says, they frequently +married domestics and retainers of great houses--a statement which has +grievously excited the wrath of Mr. Babington and other champions. +In a little book, once very popular, first published in 1628, with +the title _Microcosmographie, or a Piece of the World discovered_, +and which is known to have been written by John Earle, after the +Restoration Bishop of Worcester and then of Salisbury, is the +following passage. It occurs in what the author calls a character of +"a young raw preacher." + + "You shall know him by his narrow velvet cape and serge + facing, and his ruffe, next his hire, the shortest thing + about him.... His friends, and much painefulnesse, may + preferre him to thirtie pounds a yeere, and this meanes, to + a chamber-maide: with whom we leave him now in the bonds of + wedlocke. Next Sunday you shall have him againe." + +The same little book contains many very curious and valuable +illustrations of contemporary manners, especially in the universities. + +That the usage Macaulay refers to was not uncommon, we find from a +passage in the _Woman-Hater_, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1607), Act +III. Sc. 3. + +Lazarillo says, + + "Farewell ye courtly chaplains that be there! + All good attend you! May you never more + Marry your patron's lady's waiting-woman!" + +I.T. + +Trin. Coll. Camb., March 16. 1850. {375} + + +_St. Martin's Lane_.--The first building leases of St. Martin's Lane +and the adjacent courts accidentally came under my notice lately. +They are dated in 1635 and 1636, and were granted by the then Earl of +Bedford. + +Arun. + + * * * * * + +CHARLES DEERING, M.D. + +"Author of the Catalogue of Plants in the neighbourhood of Nottingham. +'Catalogus Stirpium, &c., or a Catalogue of Plants naturally growing +and commonly cultivated in divers parts of England, and especially +about Nottingham,' 8vo. Nottingh. 1738. + +"He was in the suite of the English ambassador to Russia, returned and +practised physic in London married unfortunately, buried his wife, +and then went to Nottingham, where he lived several years. During +his abode there he wrote a small _Treatise on the Small Pocks_, this +_Catalogue of Plants_, and the _History of Nottingham_, the materials +for which John Plumtre, Esq. of Nottingham, was so obliging as to +assist him with. He also was paid 40l. by a London bookseller for +adding 20,000 words to an English dictionary. He was master of seven +languages, and in 1746 he was favoured with a commission in the +Nottinghamshire Foot, raised at that time. Soon after died, and was +buried in St. Peter's Churchyard. + +"William Ayscough, father of the printer of this _Catalogus Stirpium_ +(G. Ayscough), in 1710, first introduced the art of printing at +Nottingham. + +"Mr. White was the same year the first printer at Newcastle-upon-Tyne; +and Mr. Dicey at Northampton."--_MS. Note in the Copy of the Cat. +Stirpium, in the Library of the British Museum_. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC. + +Our advertising columns already show some of the good results of the +_Exhibition of the Works of Ancient and Mediæval Art_. Mr. Williams +announced last week his _Historic Reliques_, to be etched by +himself. Mr. Cundall has issued proposals for _Choice Examples of Art +Workmanship_; and, lastly, we hear that an _Illustrated Catalogue +of the Exhibition_, prepared by Mr. Franks, the zealous Honorary +Secretary of the Committee, and so arranged as to form a _History of +Art_, may be expected. We mention these for the purpose of inviting +our friends to contribute to the several editors such information as +they may think likely to increase the value of the respective works. + +The second edition of our able correspondent, Mr. Peter Cunningham's +_Handbook of London_, is on the eve of publication. + +There are few of our readers but will be glad to learn from +the announcement in a previous column, that the edition of the +_Wickliffite Versions of the Scriptures_, upon which Sir Frederick +Madden and his fellow labourers have been engaged for a period of +twenty years, is just completed. It forms, we believe, three quarto +volumes. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson lately disposed of a most select and +interesting collection of autograph letters. We unfortunately did not +receive the catalogue in time to notice it, which we the more regret, +because, like all their catalogues of autographs, it was drawn up with +amateur-like intelligence and care; so as to make it worth preserving +as a valuable record of materials for our history and biography. + +We have received the following Catalogues of Books:--No. XXV. of +Thomas Cole's (15. Great Turnstile): No. 2. for 1850, of William +Heath's (29½ Lincoln's Inn Fields); and No. 15. of Bernard Quarritch's +(16. Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue of Oriental and +Foreign Books. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE + +(_IN CONTINUATION OF LISTS IN FORMER NOS._) + +Mills, Rev. Isaac, of Highcleer--Account of the Life and Conversation +of, with a Sermon, 8vo., 1721. + +Mykur Hazem, by Marcus, London, 1846. + +Poems by a Bornnatural, 1849. + +_ODD VOLUMES_. + +Proceedings of the Philological Society. Vol. I. + +Richardson's Correspondence, Vol. I. of the Six-Volume Ed. + +Todd's Johnson's Dictionary, 4to., 1819. (Part X. containing Title, +Preface, &c.) + +Partington's British Cyclopædia--That portion of Natural History which +follows Vol. I. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, +to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet +Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +Burning for Treason.--Can the Correspondent who furnished us with +a curious Note upon this subject favour us with a copy of it, the +original having been accidentally mislaid? + +We are again compelled, from want of space, to omit many curious +and interesting articles; and, after this statement, must beg our +kind friends at Leeds, Brompton, &c., who complain of delay in the +insertion of their communications, to do us the favour to refer to the +notice on this very subject which appeared in our early numbers. + +Notes and Queries may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday: +so that our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in +receiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably +not yet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive +Copies in their Saturday parcels. Part V. is now ready. + + * * * * *{376} + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, + +No. CLXXII. is Published This Day. + + CONTENTS: + I. GIACOMO LEOPARDI AND HIS WRITINGS. + II. RANKE'S HOUSE OF BRANDENBURG. + III. QUEEN'S COLLEGE, LONDON. + IV. GROTE'S HISTORY OF GREECE. + V. URQUHART'S PILLARS OF HERCULES. + VI. FACTS IN FIGURES. + VII. THE DUTIFUL SON. + VIII. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF LONDON. + IX. BAXTER'S IMPRESSIONS OF EUROPE. + X. LORD LIEUTENANT CLARENDON. + XI. LOUIS PHILIPPE. + +John Murray, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + +NEARLY READY. + +[Illustration: CHOICE EXAMPLES OF ART WORKMANSHIP Selected from the +Exhibition of ANCIENT AND MEDIÆVAL ART at the Society of Arts] + +A Prospectus, containing a Specimen of the Illustrations, will be sent +on receipt of two postage stamps. + +Joseph Cundall, 21. 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This List +embraces numerous valuable and interesting Books on English Poetry, +the Drama, History, Biography, Voyages and Travels, &c., with the +works of a few of the best Continental writers, a selection of +Pictorial Books of Scenery, Costume, Topography, and Drawing-room +Table Books. + +Also, on forwarding Four Postage Stamps, JOHN MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF +BOOKS FOR THE PAST QUARTER may be had stitched in a wrapper, with +a Table of Contents, showing at one glance the range of subjects +embraced, amongst which may be enumerated the following, viz., +America, Angling, Banking and Currency, Coins, Dictionaries, +Drawing-books, Games, Sports, &c., Heraldry, Genealogy and Family +History, Ireland, its History and Literature, Kent, its History and +Topography, Law, Music, its History and Theory, Painting and the Fine +Arts, Shakspeariana, and a variety of other branches of Literature +comprised in upwards of 1500 articles. + +John Miller, 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square. + + * * * * * + +THE ANGLO-SAXON, for April, Price 2s. 6d. or 3s. post-free, contains +England and her Colonies: County Colonisation, with Maps--English +Church Music--Christian Architecture--London: a Poem, Essay II.--The +Alfred Medals: Three Sonnets, by Martin F. Tupper--Anglo-Saxon +Literature: the Jubilee Edition of King Alfred's Works, with Specimens +and Translations--Wives and Mothers--Anglo-Saxon Colonies: Victoria, +Cooksland, Port Essington, (Papua--Timor)--Original Ballads. + +The ANGLO-SAXON for 1849 forms a handsome volume, price One Guinea. + +London: T. Bosworth, 215. Regent Street. + + * * * * * + +Published every Saturday, price 3d., or stamped, 4d., also in Monthly +Parts. Part V. (for March), price 1s. 3d., now ready. + +NOTES AND QUERIES: a Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, +Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, &c. + +The attention of Publishers and Booksellers is particularly +requested to this Periodical as a medium for advertising. 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The + Editor exhibits a phalanx of eminent assistants. * * There can + be no doubt of the value of a Literary Medium of this peculiar + kind."--_Athenæum_. + + "We like the plan much. * * We wish success to a + publication which promises to be agreeable, intelligent, and + useful."--_Literary Gazette_. + + "We feel great pleasure in welcoming into the literary + world this publication, which promises to fill up a void + that has constantly been lamented by every person engaged + in any particular branch of study that required experience + and research. * * It is a publication in which all literary + persons must feel a deep interest, and that has our heartiest + wishes for its success."--_Morning Herald_. + + "This is a new periodical, with a new idea, and one that + deserves and will be sure to receive encouragement amongst + scholars and readers really deserving that appellation. * * + It is a capital idea; and every one who makes Notes or has + Queries should buy it and contribute to it."--_Weekly News_. + + "That valuable publication The Notes and Queries, so + auspiciously commenced."--_New Bell's Messenger_. + + "With whomsoever the idea of publishing this useful and + interesting periodical first originated, that person is + entitled to the thanks of every author, antiquary, and + scholar, in the United Kingdom. * * We recommend, in all + sincerity, The Notes and Queries to the attention of lovers + of literature in general."--_Morning Post_. + +London: George Bell, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, Parts 13 and 14, imperial quarto. Price 3_s._ +each, tinted 4s. + +RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE, from Drawings by John +Johnson, Architect, F.S.A., Lithographed by Alfred Newman. + +Contents, Part 13:--Hawton Church; Notts.--St. Mary's, +Stamford--Aldwinkle, All Saints, Northamptonshire-Wellingborough +Church, Northamptonshire. + +Part 14--Skelton Church, from the South-East and South-West--Rye +House, Herts.--Holbeach Church, Lincolnshire. + +This Work is intended to embrace a series of examples of +Ecclesiastical, Collegiate, and Domestic Architecture. It will be +completed in Twenty Monthly Parts, price 3s. each, tinted 4s. + +London: George Bell, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Preparing for immediate Publication, in 2 vols. small octavo. + +THE FOLK-LORE OF ENGLAND. By William J. Thoms, F.S.A., Secretary +of the Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and +Legends of all Nations," &c. One object of the present work is to +furnish new contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; +and especially some of the more striking illustrations of the subject +to be found in the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental +Antiquaries. + +Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and +Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and +will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed +to the care of Mr. Bell, Office of "Notes and Queries," 186. Fleet +Street. + + * * * * * + +Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. +New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; +and published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish +of St. Dunstan in The West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. +186. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries 1850.04.06 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: June 3, 2004 [EBook #12505] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES 1850.04.06 *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, William Flis, and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. With thanks to Internet Library of Early Journals. + + + + + + +</pre> + + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page361" + id="page361"></a>{361}</span> + + <h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + + <h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, + ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + <hr /> + + <h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN + CUTTLE.</h3> + <hr class="full" /> + + <table summary="masthead" + width="100%"> + <tr> + <td align="left" + width="25%"><b>No. 23.</b></td> + + <td align="center" + width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, APRIL 6. 1850.</b></td> + + <td align="right" + width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> + Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + <table summary="Contents" + align="center"> + <tr> + <td align="left">NOTES:—</td> + + <td align="right">Page</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Periplus of Hanno, by R.T. + Hampson</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page361">361</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Pope Vindicated</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page362">362</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">The Supper of the Lorde</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page362">362</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Folk Lore:—Palm Sunday + Wind—Curious Symbolical Custom—The Wild + Huntsman</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page363">363</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">On Authors and Books, No. VI, by + Bolton Corney</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page363">363</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Nicholas Breton's Crossing of + Proverbs, by J.P. Collier</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page364">364</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Sword called Curtana, by E.F. + Rimbault, LL.D.</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page364">364</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Is the Dombec the Domesday of Alfred? + by George Munford</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page365">365</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Minor Queries:—Wickliffite + Versions of the Scriptures—Gloves—Law + Courts at St. Alban's—Milton + Pedigree—Sapcote Motto—Scala Coeli, + &c.</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page366">366</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">The Arabic Numerals and Cipher</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page367">367</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Replies to Minor Queries, by Sir W.C. + Trevelyan</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page368">368</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Derivation of "News"</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page369">369</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Replies to Minor + Queries:—Swot—Pokership—Vox + Populi—Living Dog better than dead + Lion—Curious Monumental + Brasses—Chapels—Forthlot—Loscop— + Smelling of the Lamp—Anglo-Saxon MS. of + Orosius—Golden Frog—Sword of Charles + I.—John Bull—Vertue MSS.—Lines + attributed to Tom Brown, &c.</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page369">369</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">MISCELLANIES:—</td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Epigram by La Monnoye—Spur + Money—Minimum de Malls—Epigram on Louis + XIV.—Macaulay's Young Levite—St. Martin's + Lane—Charles Deering, M.D.</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page373">373</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, + &c.</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page375">375</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes wanted</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page375">375</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page375">375</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Advertisements</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page376">376</a></td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr /> + + <h3>PERIPLUS OF HANNO THE CARTHAGINIAN.</h3> + + <p>I am not sufficiently Quixotic to attempt a defence of the + Carthaginians on the western coast of Africa, or any where + else, but I submit that the accusation brought against them by + Mr. S. Bannister, formerly Attorney-General of New South Wales, + is not sustained by the only record we possess of Hanno's + colonising expedition. That gentleman, in his learned + <i>Records of British Enterprise beyond Sea</i>, just + published, says, in a note, p. xlvii.:—</p> + + <p>"The first nomade tribe they reached was friendly, and + furnished Hanno with <i>interpreters</i>. At length they + discovered a nation <i>whose language was unknown to the + interpreters</i>. These strangers they attempted to seize; and, + upon their resistance, they took three of the women, whom they + put to death, and carried their skins to Carthage" (<i>Geogr. + Græci Minores</i>, Paris, 1826, p. 115.).</p> + + <p>Hanno obtained interpreters from a people who dwelt on the + banks of a large river, called the Lixus, and supposed to be + the modern St. Cyprian. Having sailed thence for several days, + and touched at different places, planting a colony in one of + them, he came to a mountainous country inhabited by savages, + who wore skins of wild beasts, + δερματα + θηρεια + ενημμενων. At a + distance of twelve days' sail he came to some Ethiopians, who + could not endure the Carthaginians, and who spoke + unintelligibly even to the Lixite interpreters. These are the + people whose women, Mr. Bannister says, they killed. Hanno + sailed from this inhospitable coast fifteen days, and came to a + gulf which he calls Νοτου + Κερα, or South Horn.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Here," says the Dr. Hawkesworth, of Carthage, "in the + gulf, was an island, like the former, containing a lake, + and in this another island, full of wild men; but the women + were much more numerous, <i>with hairy bodies</i> + (δασειαι + τοισ + σωμασιν), whom the + interpreters called + γοριλλασ. + We pursued the men, who, flying to precipices, defended + themselves with stones, and could not be taken. Three + women, who bit and scratched their leaders, would not + follow them. Having killed them, we brought their skins to + Carthage."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>He does not so much as intimate that the creatures who so + defended themselves with stones, or those whose bodies were + covered with hair, spoke any language. Nothing but the words + ανθρωποι + αγριοι and + γυναικεσ can + lead us to believe that they were human beings at all; while + the description of the behaviour of the men, and the bodies of + the women, is not repugnant to the supposition that they were + large apes, baboons, or orang-outangs, common to this part of + Africa. At all events, the voyagers do not say that they flayed + a people having the faculty of speech.</p> + + <p>It is not, however, improbable that the Carthaginians were + severe taskmasters of the people whom they subdued. Such I + understand those to have been who opened the British tin mines, + and who, according to Diodorus Siculus, excessively overworked + the wretches who toiled for them, "wasting their bodies + underground, and dying, <span class="pagenum"><a name="page362" + id="page362"></a>{362}</span> many a one, through extremity + of suffering, while others perished under the lashes of the + overseer." (<i>Bibl. Hist.</i> l. v. c. 38.)</p> + + <p class="author">R.T. Hampson.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>POPE VINDICATED.</h3> + + <p>"P.C.S.S." is too great an admirer of Pope not to seek to + vindicate him from one, at least, of the blunders attributed to + him by Mr. D. Stevens, at p. 331. of the "Notes and + Queries."</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Singed are his <i>brows</i>, the scorching + <i>lids</i> grow black."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Now, if Mr. S. will refer to Homer, he will find that the + original fully justifies the use of "brows" and "lids" in the + <i>plural</i>. It runs thus (<i>Od.</i> ix. v. 389.):</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Παντα δε + υι + βλεφαρ + αμφι και + οφρυασ + ευσεν + αυτμη."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"P.C.S.S." wishes that he could equally remove from Pope the + charge of inaccuracy respecting the <i>three</i> cannibal meals + of Polyphemus. He fears that nothing can be alleged to impugn + Mr. Stevens's perfectly just criticism.</p> + + <p>While on the subject of Pope, "P.C.S.S." would wish to + advert to a communication (No. 16. p. 246.) in which it is + insinuated that Pope was probably indebted to Petronius Arbiter + for the well-known passage—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Worth makes the man, and want of it the fellow;</p> + + <p>The rest is all but leather and prunella."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>With all respect for the ingenious author of that + communication, "P.C.S.S." confesses that he is unable to + discover such a similitude of expression as might warrant the + notion that Pope had been a borrower from Petronius. He cannot + suppose that Mr. F. could have been led away by any supposed + analogy between <i>corium</i> and <i>coricillum</i>. The + latter, Mr. F. must know, is nothing more than a diminutive of + a diminutive (coricillum, <i>not</i> corcillum, from corculum); + and the word is coined by Petronius to ridicule one of the + affectations of Trimalchio (Nero), who was wont to indulge, to + an absurd extent, in the use of such diminutives (<i>vide</i> + Burmann, <i>in loco</i>). "P.C.S.S." will now subjoin such + translations of the passage in question as he has hitherto had + opportunities of referring to. The first is from <i>The Works + of Petronius Arbiter, translated by several hands</i>, Lond. + 8vo. 4th edit. 1714. At the beginning of the translation itself + there is this heading—"Made English by Mr. Wilson, of the + Middle Temple, and several others." The passage in question is + thus rendered:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Come, my friends, let us see how merry you can be! for + in my time, I have been no better than yourselves; but, by + my own industry, I am what I am. <i>'Tis the heart makes + the man</i>; all the rest is but stuff!"</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>In another translation, which, with Grub-Street audacity, + the publisher, in his title-passage, presumes to attribute to + Addison! and which appeared in 1736 (Lond. 8vo.), the passage + is as follows:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"I was once as you are: but now, thanks to my industry, + I am what I am. <i>It is the heart that makes the man</i>; + all the rest is but stuff!"</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Be the translator who he may, this version, so impudently + ascribed to the moral Addison, is written with much spirit and + power, and with a remarkable comprehension of the author's + meaning. Some of the poetical fragments at the end are, indeed, + singularly well done.</p> + + <p>Of the two French versions which "P.C.S.S." has examined, + the one by Levaur (Paris, 8vo. 1726) thus translates the + passage:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Je vous prie, mes amis ... <i>C'est le coeur qui fait + les hommes; je compte le reste pour un + fétu</i>."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>In that of Boispreaux (Lond. 1742), it is simply + rendered—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Mon sçavoir faire m'a tiré du pair. + <i>C'est le coeur qui fait l'homme</i> ..."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>No attempt is made to translate the <i>quisquilia</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">P.C.S.S.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>"THE SUPPER OF THE LORDE."</h3> + + <p>I shall be glad to find that your correspondent "C.H." (No. + 21. p. 333.) receives a satisfactory answer to his inquiry, as + such a reply would also satisfy my earlier query, No. 7. p. + 109. I perceive, however, from his letter, that I can give him + some information on other points noticed in it, though the + absence of papers now passing through the press with the Parker + Society's reprint of a third volume of Tyndale, will prevent my + replying with such precision as I could wish. That ancient + tract on "The Supper of the Lorde, after the true meanyng of + the sixte of John," &c., of which "C.H." says he possesses + a copy, was reprinted at different intervals with the same + date, viz., MCCCCCXXXIII, Apryll v., on its title-page. The + original edition has a final colophon, stating that it was + "imprinted at Nornberg, by Nielas Twonson," and is so rare, + that I have not been able to discover the existence of any + copy, but one recently deposited in the Bodleian. That "C.H.'s" + copy is not a specimen of that first edition, is apparent from + two circumstances. The first is, that he has given you a + quotation from his copy as follows:—"And as for M. More, + whom the verity most offendeth, and doth but mocke it," whereas + the original edition has, "And as for M. Mocke," &c., and + Sir Thomas More notices this mockage of his name in his reply. + The next is, that his copy contains "Crowley's Epistle to the + Reader," which does not appear in any edition of an earlier + date than 1551. When first attached to this treatise, the + epistle was anonymous, as may be seen in the Lambeth copy; but + Crowley eventually <span class="pagenum"><a name="page363" + id="page363"></a>{363}</span> affixed his name to the + epistle, as it appears in "C.H.'s" and in other copies. + Robert Crowley was a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; + vicar of St. Giles, Cripplegate; a printer and publisher; + but to his singular combination of titles, we cannot add + that of author of the treatise in question. "C.H." has seen + that he did not enter Oxford till 1534; and in his Prefatory + Epistle, Crowley speaks of the author of the treatise as a + person distinct from himself.</p> + + <p>I do not wish, however, to be considered as positively + affirming the treatise to be Tyndale's. Foxe, the + martyrologist, edited Tyndale's works for Day, and he has only + said that this treatise was "compiled, as some do gather, by M. + Wm. Tyndale, because the method and phrase agree with his, and + the time of writing are [sic] concurrent." On the other hand, + the authorship is unhesitatingly assigned to Tyndale by Mr. C. + Anderson (<i>Annals of the English Bible</i>, §ix. <i>ad + finem</i>), and by Mr. Geo. Offer (<i>Mem. of Tyndale</i>, p. + 30.), the two most pains-taking and best informants as to his + works. But still there are objections of such force, that I + must confess myself rather inclined to attribute the treatise + to Joy's pen, if I could but be satisfied that he was capable + of writing so correctly, and of keeping so clear of vulgarity + in a controversy with a popish persecutor.</p> + + <p class="author">H.W.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + <p><i>Palm Sunday Wind</i>.—It is a common idea among + many of the farmers and labourers of this immediate + neighbourhood, that, from whatever quarter the wind blows for + the most part on Palm Sunday, it will continue to blow from the + same quarter for the most part during the ensuing summer.</p> + + <p>Is this notion prevalent in other parts of the country, as a + piece of "Folk-Lore?"</p> + + <p class="author">R.V.</p> + + <p>Winchester, March 26.</p> + + <p><i>Curious Symbolical Custom</i>.—On Saturday last I + married a couple in the parish church. An old woman, an aunt of + the bridegroom, displeased at the marriage, stood at the church + gate and pronounced an anathema on the married pair. She then + bought a new broom, went home, swept her house, and hung the + broom over the door. By this she intimated her rejection of her + nephew, and forbade him to enter her house. Is this a known + custom? What is its origin?</p> + + <p class="author">H. Morland Austen.</p> + + <p>St. Peter's, Thanet, March 25. 1850.</p> + + <p><i>The Wild Huntsman</i>.—The interesting + contributions of your correspondent "Seleucus," on "Folk Lore," + brought to my recollection the "Wild Huntsman" of the German + poet, Tieck; of whose verses on that superstitious belief, + still current among the imaginative peasantry of Germany, I + send you a translation, <i>done into English</i> many years + ago. The Welsh dogs of Annwn, or "couriers of the + air"—the spirit-hounds who hunt the souls of the + dead—are part of that popular belief existing among all + nations, which delivers up the noon of night to ungracious + influences, that "fade on the crowing of the cock."</p> + + <h4>"THE WILD HUNTSMAN.</h4> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"At the dead of the night the Wild Huntsman + awakes,</p> + + <p>In the deepest recess of the dark forest's + brakes;</p> + + <p>He lists to the storm, and arises in scorn.</p> + + <p>He summons his hounds with his far-sounding + horn;</p> + + <p>He mounts his black steed; like the lightning they + fly</p> + + <p>And sweep the hush'd forest with snort and with + cry.</p> + + <p>Loud neighs his black courser; hark his horn, how + 'tis swelling!</p> + + <p>He chases his comrades, his hounds wildly + yelling.</p> + + <p>Speed along! speed along! for the race is all + ours;</p> + + <p>Speed along! speed along! while the midnight still + lours;</p> + + <p>The spirits of darkness will chase him in scorn,</p> + + <p>Who dreads our wild howl, and the shriek of our + horn,</p> + + <p>Thus yelling and belling they sweep on the wind,</p> + + <p>The dread of the pious and reverent mind:</p> + + <p>But all who roam gladly in forests, by night,</p> + + <p>This conflict of spirits will strangely + delight."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">J.M.</p> + + <p>Oxford, March 13.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>ON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. VI.</h3> + + <p>In the union of scholarship, polished manners, and + amiability of character, we have had few men to surpass the + reverend Joseph Spence. His career was suitable to his deserts. + He was fortunate in his connections, fortunate in his + appointments, and fortunate in his share of fame.</p> + + <p>His fame, however, is somewhat diminished. His <i>Essay on + the Odyssey</i>, which procured him the friendship of Pope, has + ceased to be in request; his <i>Polymetis</i>, once the + ornament of every choice library, has been superseded by the + publications of Millin and Smith; his poems are only to be met + with in the collections of Dodsley and Nichols. If we now dwell + with pleasure on his name, it is chiefly as a recorder of the + sayings of others—it is on account of his assiduity in + making <i>notes!</i> I allude to the volume entitled + <i>Anecdotes, observations, and characters of books and + men</i>, which was edited by my friend Mr. Singer, with his + wonted care and ability in 1820.</p> + + <p>The <i>Essay on the Odyssey</i> was first published + anonymously in 1726-7. It was reprinted in 1737 and 1747. A + copy of the latter edition, now in my possession, contains this + curious note:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"It is remarkable that of twelve passages objected to in + this critique on the English Odyssey, <i>two</i> only are + found in those books which were translated by Pope.</p> + + <p>"From Mr. Langton, who had his information from Mr. + Spence.</p> + + <p>"When Spence carried his preface to Gorboduc in + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page364" + id="page364"></a>{364}</span> 1736 to Pope, he asked him + his opinion. Pope said 'It would do very well; there was + nothing <i>pert</i> or <i>low</i> in it.' Spence was + satisfied with this praise, which however, was in + implied censure on all his other writings.—He is + very fond of the familiar vulgarisms of common talk, and + is the very reverse of Dr. Johnson.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>"E.M." [Edmond Malone.]</p> + + <p>The note is not signed at length, but there can be no doubt + as to its authorship, as I purchased the volume which contains + it at the sale of the unreserved books of Mr. Malone in + 1818.</p> + + <p class="author">Bolton Corney.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>QUERIES.</h2> + + <h3>NICHOLAS BRETON'S "CROSSING OF PROVERBS."</h3> + + <p>Although my query respecting William Basse and his poem, + "Great Britain's Sun's Set," (No. 13. p. 200), produced no + positive information touching that production, it gave an + opportunity to some of your correspondents to communicate + valuable intelligence relating to the author and to other works + by him, for which I, for one, was very much obliged. If I did + not obtain exactly what I wanted, I obtained something that + hereafter may be extremely useful; and that I could not, + perhaps, have obtained in any other way than through the medium + of your pleasant and welcome periodical.</p> + + <p>I am now, therefore, about to put a question regarding + another writer of more celebrity and ability. Among our early + pamphleteers, there was certainly none more voluminous than + Nicholas Breton, who began writing in 1575, and did not lay + down his pen until late in the reign of James I. A list of his + pieces (by no means complete, but the fullest that has been + compiled) may be seen in Lowndes's <i>Bibl. Manual</i>; it + includes several not by Breton, among them Sir Philip Sidney's + <i>Ourania</i>, 1606, which in fact is by a person of the name + Backster; and it omits the one to which my present + communication refers, and regarding which I am at some + loss.</p> + + <p>In the late Mr. Heber's <i>Catalogue</i>, part iv. p. 10., I + read as follows, under the name of Nicholas Breton:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Crossing of Proverbs. The Second Part, with certaine + briefe Questions and Answeres, by N.B., Gent. Extremely + rare and very curious, <i>but imperfect</i>. It appears to + contain a portion of the first part, and also of the + second; but it appears to be unknown."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Into whose hands this fragment devolved I know not; and that + is one point I am anxious to ascertain, because I have another + fragment, which consists of what is evidently the first sheet + of the first part of the tract in question, with the following + title-page, which I quote <i>totidem literis</i>:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Crossing of Proverbs. Crosse-Answeres. And + Crosse-Humours. By B.N., Gent. At London, Printed for John + Wright, and are to be solde at his Shop without Newgate, at + the signe of the Bible, 1616."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>It is in 8vo., as Heber's fragment appears to have been; but + then the initials of the author are given as N.B., whereas in + my fragment they stand B.N., a usual inversion with Nicholas + Breton; the brief address "To the Reader" is also subscribed + B.N.; and then begins the body of the work, thus headed: + "Crosse and Pile, or, Crossing of Proverbs." It opens as + follows:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"<i>Proverb</i>. The more the merrier.</p> + + <p><i>Cross</i>. Not so; one hand is enough in a + purse.</p> + + <p><i>P.</i> Every man loves himselfe best.</p> + + <p><i>C.</i> Not so, when man is undone by + suretyship.</p> + + <p><i>P.</i> He that runnes fastest gets most + ground.</p> + + <p><i>C.</i> Not so, for then foote-men would have more + land than their masters.</p> + + <p><i>P.</i> He runnes far that never turnes.</p> + + <p><i>C.</i> Not so, he may breake his necke in a short + course.</p> + + <p><i>P.</i> No man can call againe yesterday.</p> + + <p><i>C.</i> Yes, hee may call till his heart ake, + though it never come.</p> + + <p><i>P.</i> Had I wist was a foole.</p> + + <p><i>C.</i> No, he was a foole that said so."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>And so it proceeds, not without humour and point, here and + there borrowing from known sources, as in the + following:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"<i>Proverb.</i> The world is a long journey.</p> + + <p><i>Cros.</i> Not so, the sunne goes it every + day.</p> + + <p><i>P.</i> It is a great way to the bottom of the + sea.</p> + + <p><i>C.</i> Not so, it is but a stone's cast."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>However, my object is not to give specimens of the + production further than are necessary for its identification. + My queries are, 1st, Who bought Mr. Heber's fragment, and where + is it now to be found? 2nd, Are any of your correspondents + aware of the existence of a perfect copy of the work?</p> + + <p>I naturally take a peculiar interest about Nicholas Breton, + because I have in my possession an unknown collection of + amatory and pastoral poems by him, printed in quarto in 1604, + in matter and measure obvious imitations of productions in "The + Passionate Pilgrim," 1599, imputed to Shakespeare, and some of + which are unquestionably by Richard Barnfield.</p> + + <p>Any new information regarding Breton and his works will be + most acceptable to me. I am already in possession of undoubted + proof that he was the Nicholas Breton whose epitaph is on the + chancel-wall of the church of Norton, in Northamptonshire, a + point Ritson seems to have questioned.</p> + + <p class="author">J. Payne Collier.</p> + + <p>March 30. 1850.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>THE SWORD CALLED CURTANA.</h3> + + <p>In the wardrobe account for the year 1483, are "iij swerdes, + whereof oon with a flat poynte, + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page365" + id="page365"></a>{365}</span> called <i>curtana</i>, and ij + other swords, all iij swords covered in a yerde di of + crymysym tisshue cloth of gold."</p> + + <p>The name of <i>curtana</i> for many ages continued to be + given to the first royal sword in England. It existed as long + ago as the reign of Henry III., at whose coronation (A.D. 1236) + it was carried by the Earl of Chester. We find it at the + coronations of Edward II. and Richard II.; also in the time of + Henry IV., Richard III., and Henry VII.; and among the royal + arms of Edward VI. we read of "a swerde called + <i>curtana</i>."</p> + + <p>Can any of your readers explain the origin of the name + <i>curtana</i>, a sword so famous that it carries us back to + the days of ancient chivalry, when it was wielded by the Dane + <i>Uggiero</i>, or by the still more famed <i>Orlando</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">Edward F. Rimbault.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>IS THE DOMBEC THE DOMESDAY OF ALFRED?</h3> + + <p>I beg to propose the following "Query":—Is the + <i>Dombec</i>, a work referred to in the Laws of Edward the + Elder, the same as what has been called the Domesday or + Winchester Book of Alfred the Great? I incline to think that it + is not, and shall be much obliged to any of your + correspondents, learned in the Anglo-Saxon period of our + history, who will give himself the trouble of resolving my + doubts.</p> + + <p>Sir Henry Spelman, in his Glossary <i>voce Dombec</i>, calls + it the <i>Liber Judicialis</i> of the Anglo-Saxons; and says it + is mentioned in the first chapter of the laws of Edward the + Elder, where the king directs his judges to conduct themselves + in their judicial proceedings as on [Old English: thaere dom + bec stand], that is, as <i>is enjoined in their Dome + Book</i>.—"Quod," he continues, "an de præcedentium + Regum legibus quæ hodie extant, intelligendum sit: an de + alio quopiam libro hactenus non prodeunte, incertum est."</p> + + <p>But this uncertainty does not seem to have attached itself + to the mind of Sir William Blackstone; for in the third section + of the Introduction prefixed to his <i>Commentaries on the Laws + of England</i>, he informs us that our antiquaries "tell us + that in the time of Alfred, the local customs of the several + provinces of the kingdom were grown so various, that he found + it expedient to compile his <i>Dome Book</i>, or <i>Liber + Judicialis</i>, for the general use of the whole kingdom." This + book is said to have been extant so late as the reign of King + Edward IV., but is now unfortunately lost. It contained, we may + probably suppose, the principal maxims of the common law, the + penalties for misdemeanors, and the forms of judicial + proceedings. Thus much may be at least collected from that + injunction to observe it, which we find in the Laws of King + Edward the Elder, the son of Alfred.—"<i>Omnibus qui + reipublicæ præsunt etiam atque etiam mando, ut + omnibus æquos se præbeant judices, perinde ac in + judiciali libro</i> (Saxonice, [Old English: dom bec]) + <i>scriptum habetur: nec quidquid formident quin jus + commune</i> (Saxonice, [Old English: folcrihte]) <i>audactes + libereque dicant.</i>"</p> + + <p>But notwithstanding this, it appears to me by no means + conclusive, that the <i>Dombec</i> referred to in the Laws of + Edward the Elder and the <i>Liber Judicialis</i> of Alfred are + the same; on the contrary, Alfred's <i>Liber Judicialis</i> + seems to have been known not under the name of <i>Dombec</i>, + but under that of the <i>Winchester Roll</i>, from the + circumstance of its having been principally kept at Winchester: + and Sir Henry Spelman says, the Domesday Book of William the + Conqueror was sometimes called <i>Rotulus Wintoniæ, a + similitudine antiquoris</i>, from its resemblance to an older + document preserved at Winchester. And he quotes Ingulphus Abbot + of Croyland, who says, "Iste rotulus (<i>i.e.</i> the Domesday + Book of William) vocatus est Rotulus Wintoniæ, et ab + Anglicis pro sua generalitate, omnia tenementa totius + terræ integre continente <i>Domesday</i> cognominatur." + And the he proceeds, "Talem rotulum et multum similem; ediderat + quondam Rex Alfredus, in quo totam terram Angliæ per + comitatus, centurias, et decurias descripserat, sicut + prænotatur. Qui quidem Rotulus Wintoniæ vocatus + est, quia deponebatur apud Wintoniam conservandus," &c.</p> + + <p>Here is nothing said of this work being called [Old English: + dom bec]: neither does Spelman, in his enumeration of the works + of Alfred, give the least intimation that any one of his + collections of laws was called [Old English: dom bec].</p> + + <p>We know, indeed, that Alfred compiled a code of laws for his + subjects; but whether any part of them has been preserved, or + how much of them is embodied in subsequent codes, cannot now be + determined. Asser mentions that he frequently reprimanded the + judges for wrong judgments; and Spelman, that he wrote "a book + against unjust magistrates," but any complete body of laws, if + such was ever framed by Alfred, is now lost; and that + attributed to him in Wilkin's <i>Leges Anglo-Saxon</i>, is held + in suspicion by most writers.</p> + + <p>For these reasons, and considering that Sir William + Blackstone's knowledge of English history was rather + superficial, I incline to the belief, that the [Old English: + dom bec] referred to in the laws of Edward the Elder, was some + collection of laws made <i>prior</i> to the time of Alfred: + this might clearly be the case, as Sharon Turner informs us + that the Saxon laws were committed to writing as early as the + commencement of the 7th century.</p> + + <p>The opinions of your learned correspondents on this disputed + point may be of much interest to many of your readers, and to + none more than to</p> + + <p class="author">George Munford.</p> + + <p>East Winch.</p> + <hr /> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page366" + id="page366"></a>{366}</span> + + <h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + + <p><i>MSS. of the Wycliffite Translations of the + Scriptures</i>.—The Add. MS. 15,521., in the British + Museum, contains a copy of Lewis's edition of the <i>Wycliffite + New Testament</i>, printed in 1731, with manuscript notes by + Ames and Lewis, and the former has transcribed into it some + <i>additional prologues</i>, prefixed to each book of the New + Testament, which had not been printed by Lewis, and were taken + by Ames from a MS. of the New Testament, written in 1424, and + in 1731 in the possession of Thomas Granger. It would be very + desirable to learn what became of this MS. subsequently. + Granger died in the following year, but the MS. does not appear + in the sale catalogue of his library, nor is it found in the + catalogue of Ames's own library, dispersed in 1760. Any + information relative to this remarkable copy of the New + Testament, would be very acceptable to the Editors of the + <i>Wycliffite Versions of the Scriptures</i>, who are now, + after a literary labour of more than twenty years, about to + bring the work to a conclusion. They would also feel much + obliged by the communication of any notices of MSS. of the + Wycliffite versions, <i>existing in private hands</i>, + exclusive of those copies of which they already possess + descriptions, existing in the libraries of the following + individuals:—Mrs. Allanson of Farn, Flintshire, the Earl + of Ashburnham, Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart., Sir Peregrine + Ackland, Bart., Sir David Dundas, H.M. Judge Advocate, Dr. + Cardwell, Principal of St. Alban's Hall, Oxford, and Thomas + Bannister, Esq.</p> + + <p class="author">F. Madden.</p> + + <p>British Museum, March 28.</p> + + <p><i>Why are Gloves not worn before Royalty?</i>—Can any + of your readers inform me what is the origin of the custom + observed at Court, of persons in the royal presence not wearing + gloves? Is it a matter of pure etiquette, or does the + observance of it derive its origins from barbarous times, when + chivalry was little else than barbarism in armour?</p> + + <p class="author">F.E.</p> + + <p><i>Law Courts at St. Albans</i>.—Can any of your + correspondents give me the reference to a communication in the + <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> (between, I think, the years 1815 + and 1836), in which a passage in Massinger, which alludes to + lawyers going to St. Albans, is illustrated by an inscription + in the nave of St. Alban's Abbey Church, which records that the + courts were held there on account of the sweating-sickness in + the reign of Elizabeth?</p> + + <p class="author">Σ.</p> + + <p><i>Richard Haley, or Hales.—Milton + Pedigree</i>.—I should feel obliged by any particulars + respecting Richard Haley, or Hales, of Idlestreete, otherwise + Ilstreyd, in com. Hertford, yeoman; my object being to + ascertain the nature of some transaction he had with Milton, in + July 1674, referred to in a bond which the former executed, + dated the 27th of that month, for performance of the covenants + contained in an indenture of even date.</p> + + <p>Is any thing known of Richard Milton, who signs his name as + the attesting witness to the releases given by two of the + poet's daughters for their share of his estate? Is there any + pedigree of the family of Sir Christopher Milton, the poet's + brother, drawn up with sufficient apparent accuracy to exclude + the probability of Richard Milton being his son? I have + referred to the pedigree in the British Museum (Harl. MS. 5802. + fo. 19b.), which makes no mention of the letter; but it is + evidently so imperfect a notice, as to be of little authority + one way or other.</p> + + <p class="author">J.F.M.</p> + + <p><i>Sapcote Motto</i>.—Over the old gatehouse of Elton, + co. Hunts., built by the family of Sapcote, is their coat of + arms, namely, "three dove-cotes;" and upon a scroll, + surrounding the lower part of the shield, is carved a motto, + evidently French, and as evidently cut by a person ignorant of + that language. So far as I can decypher it, the letters appear + to be</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>sco toot X vinic [or umic]</p> + + <p>X poncs.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Possibly the first and last letters <i>s</i> are only + flourishes. I shall be glad of any suggestion as to its + meaning.</p> + + <p>I have not been able to find the Sapcote motto on record; + and I believe the Carysfoot family, the possessors of Elton, + and the Duke of Bedford, the heir in blood, to be ignorant of + what this scroll is intended to represent.</p> + + <p class="author">Erminois.</p> + + <p>Athenæum Club.</p> + + <p><i>Scala Coeli</i>.—In a will, dated 12 Hen. VIII., + the testator directs that there shall be four trentals of Saint + Gregory said for his soul at London at "Scala Coeli." Can any + of your readers explain what place is meant by "Scala + Coeli?"</p> + + <p class="author">A Subscriber.</p> + + <p><i>Illustrations of Gresset's "Vert Vert," painted on + Enamel, &c.</i>—In a Paris edition of Gresset's Works + (Janet et Cotelle, 1823), in the preface is the following + passage.—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Vert-vert fut bientôt dans toutes les mains. Le + suffrage de la multitude se joignit à celui des + connoisseurs; la mode, qui est aussi en possession de + donner son suffrage, s'empressa de parer les ajustemens + d'invention récente, du nom de l'illustre perroquet; + <i>les vases d'ornement, les vases usuels</i> qui sortoient + des fabriques françoises, retraçoient presque + tous quelques épisodes du petit poëme. Un + artist dont le nom est venu jusqu'à nous, Raux, en + <i>peignit sur émail les sujets les plus + marquants</i>; et tandis qu'on faisoit passer dans une + version latine les vers élégants du + poëte jésuite, M. Bertin, ministre + d'état, le gratifioit d'un magnifique <i>cabaret</i> + de Sèvres, dont toutes les pièces + reproduisoient les aventures de son héros, ce qui + fit dire à Gresset, <i>qu'on le traduisoit aussi en + porcelaine de Sèvres</i>."</p> + </blockquote><span class="pagenum"><a name="page367" + id="page367"></a>{367}</span> + + <p>The <i>Query</i> I wish to make is, Have any of these + illustrations or designs from Gresset's poem of Vert-vert, + painted on enamel china, or earthenware of any sort, of French + or any other manufacture, come to light of late years? or more + lately still, among the articles that have been dispersed among + various buyers of almost all nations, in the sales within these + few weeks effected at Paris?</p> + + <p class="author">Robert Snow.</p> + + <p><i>Urbanus Regius</i>.—A friend of mine, a delightful + old lady, fresh, genial, and inquisitive, has in her possession + an old volume, a family heir-loom, which is not the less dear + to her for being somewhat dingy and dilapidated, and touching + which she would gladly receive such information as your + correspondents can supply.</p> + + <p>It is made up of three apparently distinct treatises; the + first (of which several leaves are wanting) on the twelve + articles of the Apostles' Creed. The second is "The ryght + foundation, and pryncypall common places of the hole godly + Scripture," &c., by Doctor Urbanus Regius. Prefixed is an + epistle to Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury (evidently + Cranmer), to whom "Hys dayly oratoure, Gwalter Lynne (the + writer of the epistle), wyssheth lyfe euerlastynge." Between + this second treatise and the third, and apparently belonging to + the latter, is a title-page with the following inscription:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Imprinted for Gwalter Lynne, dwelling upon Somers Kaye, + by Byllinges gate. In the yeare of oure Lorde. MDXLVIII. + And they by [<i>sic</i>] to be solde at Poules church yarde + at the north doore, In the signe of the By-bell, By Richard + Jugge."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>This last treatise is in smaller type than the others, and + has no general designation: it contains chapters on various + subjects, <i>e.g.</i> "The Signification of Baptism," + &c.</p> + + <p>Query 1. Is this volume well known? 2. Who were Urbanus + Regius and Walter Lynne?</p> + + <p class="author">G.P.</p> + + <p>March 16. 1850.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>REPLIES.</h2> + + <h3>THE ARABIC NUMERALS AND CIPHER.</h3> + + <p>I might, with a little more consideration, have referred + "E.V." to several other authorities which he will do well to + consult.</p> + + <p>9. Wallis's <i>Algebra</i>, p. 9. and p. 153. of the + additions.</p> + + <p>10. <i>Phil. Trans</i>., Nos. 439. and 475.</p> + + <p>11. Montucla, <i>Histoire des Mathématiques</i>, tom. + i. chap. 2.</p> + + <p>12. Baillie, <i>Histoire de l'Astronomie</i>.</p> + + <p>13. Delambre<a id="footnotetag1" + name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a>, + <i>Hist. de l'Astr. du moyen age</i>.</p> + + <p>14. Hutton's <i>Tracts</i> (8vo. ed. 1812.), vol. ii. + (subject "History of Algebra")</p> + + <p>15. Huet, <i>Demonstratio Evangelica</i>.</p> + + <p>16. Dr. John Taylor's Translation of the <i>Lilawati</i>. + (Bombay, 1816.)</p> + + <p>17. Strachey's Translation of the <i>Bija + Ganita</i><a id="footnotetag2" + name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a>.</p> + + <p>18. Colebrooke's <i>Algebra of the Hindus</i>.</p> + + <p>Would it not be worth while to give a <i>facsimile</i> of + the "Tabel for all manere of merchauntes," in the "Notes and + Queries"? It is not only a curiosity, but an important element + (and unique as far as is known) in the philosophic history of + our arithmetic. It was, no doubt, an actual instrument in + constant use in the merchant's office, as much so as an + almanac, interest-tables, a "cambist" and a copying-press, are + now.</p> + + <p>As regards the cipher, the difficulty only commenced with + <i>writing numbers</i> in the new symbology. With persons + accustomed to the use of this instrument, there is no doubt + that the mode of obviating the difficulty of "keeping the + place," would suggest itself at once. In this instrument an + empty hole (without its peg) <i>signified</i> "none of this + denomination." What then more simple than to make the outline + of the empty hole which occupied the "local position" of any + denomination, when none of that precise denomination occurred + in the number itself? Under this view the process at least + becomes simple and natural; and as the early merchants + contributed so largely to the improvement of our arithmetical + processes, such a conclusion is wholly divested of + improbability on any other ground. The circle would then + naturally become, as it certainly has practically become, the + most appropriate symbol of <i>nothingness</i>.</p> + + <p>As regards the term <i>cipher</i> or <i>zero</i> (which are + so obviously the same as to need no remark), it is admitted on + all hands to be derived from one or other of the Semitic + languages, the Hebrew or the Arabic. It is customery with the + mathematical historians to refer it to the Arabic, they being + in general more conversant with it than with the Hebrew. The + Arabic being a smaller hand than the Hebrew, a dot was used + instead of the circle for marking the "place" at which the + hiatus of any "denomination" occurred. If we obtained our + cipher from this, it would be made hollow (a mere + <i>ceinture</i>, girdle, or ring) to save the trouble of making + a dot sufficiently large to correspond in magnitude with our + other numerals as we write them. Either is alike + possible—probability must be sought, for either over the + other, from a slightly different source.</p> + + <p>The root-words in Hebrew and in Arabic are precisely the + same (<i>ts-ph-r</i>), though in the two + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page368" + id="page368"></a>{368}</span> languages, and at different + ages of the same language, they might have been vowelised + differently. In some shape or other, this name is used in + all countries that have derived their arithmetic from + mediæval Italy, or from the Saracens. It is with some + <i>cipher</i>, with others <i>chiffre</i>, and with all + <i>zero</i>. The word is certainly no more Italian than it + is French or English. Be it remembered, too, that + <i>ezor</i> (quoted at p. 268.), as a <i>girdle</i>, is + radically the same word, somewhat mutilated. The cardinal + meaning of the word (denuded of the conventional accretions + of signification, which peculiar applications of it adds to + the cardinal meaning) appears to be <i>emptiness</i>, + <i>hollowness</i>, <i>nothingness</i>. It may be further + remarked, that in the fine Chartres MS. of Boetius, + described by Chasles, the 0 is called + <i>sipos</i>:—the same name, he remarks, that Graves + found in use in the East. The modern Turks call the 0, + <i>tsifra</i>.</p> + + <p>It is curious enough that in all languages, the term + <i>ciphering</i> is popularly used to denote all arithmetical + operations whatever. Our schoolboys do their "ciphering," and + write carefully in their "ciphering-books." This all seems to + point to the art of dispensing with the use of the abacus or + counting table.</p> + + <p class="author">T.S.D.</p> + + <p>Shooter's Hill, March 5.</p> + + <p><i>Arabic Numerals</i>.—I had replied to "E.V." (No. + 15. p. 230.), when I saw by your "Notice to Correspondents," + that the question was answered. I therefore waited the + publication of the replies, which I find do not embrace any one + of the points to which I would call the attention of + "E.V."—Diophantus of Alexandria, who flourished about 150 + years after Christ, and who wrote thirteen books of algebra or + arithmetic in the Greek language, is generally supposed to be + the oldest writer on the subject that has come down to our + time; but it was not from him that we received the knowledge of + algebra in Europe. It appears certain that the first knowledge + of this science in England was from Italy or Spain, after the + Moors settled in the latter country; and the Arabians and + Persians appear to have derived their arithmetical method of + computing by ten characters from the Indians: who, in their + turn, have most probably borrowed from the Chinese, and + improved on their method by the adoption of a zero, which was + one of the most important improvements effected by the Hindoos. + In China, the words ancient and modern are almost synonymous; + their usages and customs being so unchangeable, as appears by + their instrument of computation, the <i>swanpan</i>, which is + still used in all their calculations. The Oriental scholar will + find much curious and interesting information connected with + this subject in the Sanscrit <i>Vija Ganita</i> and + <i>Lilivati</i> of Bhaskara Acharya: the former was translated + into Persian at Agra, or Delhi, in 1634, and the latter by + Fyzee in 1587; but there are also English translations, all of + which are in the library of the Royal Asiatic Society. The + <i>Khalasah-ul-Hisah</i> is another work of repute in India. + Mr. Strachey wrote and printed in India, for the <i>Asiatic + Researches</i>, a valuable paper, which contains most + conclusive evidence of the Indian (if not Chinese) origin of + our numerals. See also <i>Astronomie Indienne</i>, of M. + Bailly; 2d vol. <i>Asiatic Researches</i>, "On the Astronomical + Computations of the Hindoos," by Saml. Davis; "Two + Dissertations on Indian Astronomy and Trigonometry," by + Professor Playfair, in the 2d and 4th vols. of the <i>Edinburgh + Philosophical Transactions</i>. And many others might be + referred to; but all tending to prove that our numbers came + originally from China and India, through Persia, Arabia, + Africa, Spain, and Italy, by gradual and successive changes in + form, several of them still retaining a close resemblance to + the ancient and modern Sanscrit, Chinese, Arabic, Persian, and + Hindoo numerals.</p> + + <p class="author">Henry Wilkinson.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + + <p>I send you a few Notes on Queries scattered through some of + the later numbers of your very valuable publication:</p> + + <p><i>Anonymous Ravennas</i>.—In the library of the Royal + Geographical Society, I believe there is a copy of an 8vo. + edition of that cosmography.</p> + + <p><i>Selago</i>.—This plant, I should think it probable, + is the <i>Lycopodium clavatum</i> of modern botanists; the + seeds of which, when ripe, and when the plant is struck, rise + like smoke ("fumum" of Pliny), and may have been supposed, from + their remarkable inflammability when dashed into a flame, + igniting with a sudden flash, to have possessed wonderful + virtues. The species known as <i>Lycopodium selago</i> is rare + in comparison to the other.</p> + + <p><i>Portugal</i>.—In the library of the Geographical + Society are some of the more recent works published in Lisbon + on the topography of that country, but they are generally very + meagre and unsatisfactory. In a periodical published in Lisbon + in numbers, on the plan of the <i>Penny Magazine</i>, there is + a good deal of information, with engravings, regarding many + places of interest in Portugal. I think it is called <i>The + Album</i>, but I am sorry I have not at present the power of + sending you more correct particulars concerning it. It is in + 4to.</p> + + <p>Portugal is a country that is so little travelled in either + by natives or foreigners, that information regarding places in + the interior is not easily obtained; and facilities for + travelling, as well as accommodation for travellers, is of a + very limited description.</p> + + <p><i>Sir Roger de Coverley</i>.—In one of your early + numbers was a query on this subject, which I do not think has + been yet answered. I have a MS. + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page369" + id="page369"></a>{369}</span> account of the family of + Calverley, of Calverley, in Yorkshire, an autograph of Ralph + Thoresby in the year 1717, in which occurs the following + passage:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"<i>Roger</i>, so named from the Archbishop" (of York), + "was a person of renowned hospitality, since, at this day, + the obsolete known tune of <i>Roger a Calverley</i> is + referred to him, who, according to the custom of those + times, kept his <i>minstrells</i>, from that their office + named <i>harpers</i>, which became a family and possessed + lands till late years in and about <i>Calverley</i>, called + to this day <i>Harpersroids</i> and <i>Harper's + Spring</i>.... He was a knight, and lived in the time of K. + Richard 1st. His seal, appended to one of his charters, is + large, with a chevalier on horseback."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">W. CALVERLEY TREVELYAN.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>DERIVATIONS OF "NEWS."</h3> + + <p>It is not declared with what motive "Mr. GUTCH" (No. 17. p. + 270.) has laid before the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" the + alleged derivation of N.E.W.S.</p> + + <p>It must therefore be supposed, that his object was to have + its justness and probability commented upon; and it is quite + time that they should be so, since the derivation in question + has of late become quite a favourite authoritative dictum with + etymology compilers. Thus it may be found, in the very words + and form adopted by your correspondent, in Haydn's + <i>Dictionary of Dates</i>, and in other authorities of equal + weight.</p> + + <p>This sort of initial-letter derivation was probably brought + into fashion in England by the alleged origin of "Cabal," or, + perhaps, by the many guesses at the much disputed word + "Æra." I shall take the liberty of quoting a few + sentences with reference to such etymologies, <i>as a + class</i>, which I find in an unpublished manuscript upon a + kindred subject.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Besides, such a splitting up of a word of significant + and perfect meaning in itself is always a bad and + suspicious mode of derivation.</p> + + <p>"It is generally an after-thought, suggested by some + fortuitous or fancied coincidence, that appropriateness of + which is by no means a sufficient proof of probability.</p> + + <p>"Of this there can scarcely be a better example than the + English word 'news,' which, notwithstanding the felicity of + its supposed derivation from the four cardinal points, + must, nevertheless, so long as the corresponding words + 'nova,' 'nouvelles,' &c. exist, be consigned to its + more sober and common-place origin in the adjective + '<i>new</i>.'"</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>To this it must be added that the ancient orthography of the + word <i>newes</i>, completely upsets the derivation Mr. Gutch + has brought before your readers. Hone quotes from "one Burton, + printed in 1614: 'if any one read now-a-days, it is a + play-book, or <i>a pamphlet</i> of <i>newes</i>."</p> + + <p>I had been in two minds whether or not to send this + communication, when the scale is completely turned by the + apropos occurrence of a corroboration of this latter objection + in "NOTES AND QUERIES" of this day. Mr. Rimbault mentions (at + p. 277.), "a rare black letter volume entitled <i>Newes from + Scotland</i>, 1591."</p> + + <p>Here is one more proof of the usefulness of your + publication, that I am thus enabled to strengthen the + illustration of a totally different subject by the incidental + authority of a fellow correspondent.</p> + + <p class="author">A.E.B.</p> + + <p>Leeds, March, 1850.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + + <p><i>Swot</i> is, as the querist supposes, a military cant + term, and a sufficiently vulgar one too. It originated at the + great slang-manufactory for the army, the Royal Military + College, Sandhurst. You may depend upon the following account + of it, which I had many years ago from the late Thomas + Leybourne, F.R.S., Senior Professor of Mathematics in that + college.</p> + + <p>One of the Professors, Dr. William Wallace, in addition to + his being a Scotchman, had a bald head, and an exceedingly + "broad Scotch" accent, besides a not very delicate + discrimination in the choice of his English terms relating to + social life. It happened on one hot summer's day, nearly half a + century ago, that he had been teaching a class, and had worked + himself into a considerable effusion from the skin. He took out + his handkerchief, rubbed his head and forehead violently, and + exclaimed in his Perthshire dialect,—"<i>It maks one + swot</i>." This was a God-send to the "gentlemen cadets," + wishing to achieve a notoriety as wits and slangsters; and + mathematics generally ever after became <i>swot</i>, and + mathematicians <i>swots</i>. I have often heard it + said:—"I never could do <i>swot</i> well, Sir;" and + "these dull fellows, the <i>swots</i>, can talk of nothing but + triangles and equations."</p> + + <p>I should have thought that the <i>sheer disgustingness</i> + of the idea would have shut the word out of the vocabularies of + English <i>gentlemen</i>. It remains nevertheless a standard + term in the vocabulary of an English soldier. It is well, at + all events, that future ages should know its etymology.</p> + + <p class="author">T.S.D.</p> + + <p><i>Pokership</i>, (<i>antè</i>, pp. 185. 218. 269. + 282. 323, 324.)—I am sorry to see that no progress has + yet been made towards a satisfactory explanation of this + office. I was in hopes that something better than mere + conjecture would have been supplied from the peculiar + facilities of "T.R.F." "W.H.C." (p. 323.) has done little more + than refer to the same instruments as had been already adverted + to by me in p. 269., with the new reading + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page370" + id="page370"></a>{370}</span> of <i>poulterer</i> for poker! + With repect to "T.R.F.'s" conjecture, I should be more ready + to accept it if he could produce a single example of the + word <i>pawker</i>, in the sense of a hog-warden. The + quotation from the Pipe-roll of John is founded on a + mistake. The entry occurs in other previous rolls, and is + there clearly explained to refer to the <i>porter of + Hereford Castle</i>. Thus, in Pipe 2 Hen. II. and 3 Hen. II. + we have, under Hereford,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"In liberatione portarii castelli ... 30<i>s.</i> + 5<i>d.</i>"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>In Pipe 1 Ric. I. we have,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"In liberatione constitutâ portarii de + Hereford, 30<i>s.</i> 5<i>d.</i>"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Again, in Pipe 3 Joh.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"In liberatione constitutâ portario de + Hereford, 30<i>s.</i> 5<i>d.</i>"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>A similar entry is to be found in other rolls, as well + printed as inedited. I could indulge some other criticisms on + the communication of your correspondent in Spring Gardens, but + I prefer encouraging him to make further inquiries, and to + produce from the records in his custody some more satisfactory + solution of the difficulty. In the meantime, let me refer to a + Survey of Wrigmore Castle in the Lansdowne Collection, No. 40. + fo. 82. The surveyor there reports, that the paling, rails, + &c. of the park are much decayed in many and sundry places, + and he estimates the repairs, with allowance of timber from the + wood there, "by good surveye and oversight of the <i>poker</i> + and other officers of the said parke," at 4<i>l.</i> The date + of the survey is 13 May, 1584.</p> + + <p>Comparing this notice of the office with the receiver's + accounts tempore Hen. VII. and Hen. VIII. (<i>antè</i>, + p. 269.), in which the officer is called "pocarius omnium + boscorum," I cannot doubt that his duty, or at least one of his + duties, was that of woodward, and that, as such, he assigned + timber for repair of the premises. How he came by his local + title and style of poker is a mystery on which we have all + hitherto failed to throw any light.</p> + + <p class="author">E.S.</p> + + <p><i>Vox Populi Vox Dei</i>,—about the origin of which + saying "QUÆSITOR" asks (No. 21. p. 321.),—were the + words chosen by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Simon Mepham, as + his text for the sermon which he preached when Edward III. was + called to the throne, from which the nation had pulled down his + father, Edward II. This we learn from Walsingham, who says:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Archiepiscopus verò Cantuariæ + præsenti consensit electioni, ut omnes prælati + et archiepiscopus quidem assumpto themate, <i>Vox populi + Vox Dei</i>, sermonem fecit populo, exhortans omnes ut apud + regem regum intercederent pro electo."—Tho. + Walsingham, <i>Hist. Angl.</i> ed. Camden, p. 126.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">DANIEL ROCK.</p> + + <p><i>A living Dog better than a dead Lion</i>.—I no not + know whether your correspondent (No. 22. p. 352.) ever goes to + church; but if he is not prevented by rain next St. Swithin's + day, he will learn who was the author of this proverb. It will + be a good thing, if your work should sometimes lead your + readers to search the Scriptures, and give them credit for + wisdom that has flowed from them so long, and far, and wide, + that its source is forgotten; but this is not the place for a + sermon, and I now only add, "here endeth the first lesson" + from</p> + + <p class="author">ECCLESIASTES.</p> + + <p class="note">["J.E.," "D.D.," and other correspondents, have + also replied to this Query by references to Eccl. ix. 4.]</p> + + <p><i>Curious Monumental Brass</i> (No. 16. p. 247.)—If + "RAHERE" will turn to Mr. Boutell's <i>Monumental Brasses and + Slabs</i>, p. 148., he will there find a description as well as + an engraving of what, from his account, I doubt not he will + discover to be the identical fragment to which he refers. A + foot legend, and what remains of a border inscription, is added + to it. In the above work, pp. 147 to 155, and in the Oxford + Architectural Society's <i>Manual for the Study of Brasses</i>, + p. 15., "RAHERE" will find an account and references to + numerous examples of palimpsest brasses, to which class the one + in question belongs.</p> + + <p>I presume that "RAHERE" is a young brass-rubber, or the fact + of a plate being engraved on both sides would have presented no + difficulty to him.</p> + + <p class="author">ARUN.</p> + + <p class="note">[We have received several other replies to this + Query, referring to Mr. Boutell's <i>Monumental Brasses</i>: + one from "W."; another from "A CORNISHMAN," who + says,—</p> + + <p class="note">"The brass in question, when I saw it last, had + been removed from the Rectory and placed in the tomb of Abbot + Wheathampstead, in company with the famous one of Thomas + Delamere, another Abbot of St. Albans."</p> + + <p class="note">Another from "E.V.," who states,—</p> + + <p class="note">"Other examples are found at St. Margaret's, + Rochester (where the cause of the second engraving is found to + be an error in costume in the first), St. Martins at Plain, + Norwich, Hedgerly Church, Bucks, and Burwell Church, + Cambridgeshire. Of this last, an engraving and description, by + Mr. A.W. Franks, is given in the fourteenth part of the + Publications of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society."</p> + + <p class="note">One from "WILLIAM SPARROW SIMPSON," who + says,—</p> + + <p class="note">"It is also described in the Oxford + Architectural Society's <i>Manual of Mon. Brasses</i>, No. 6. + pp. 6, 7. other examples of which occur at Rochester, Kent, and + at Cobham, Surrey. A small plate of brass, in the possession of + a friend, has on one side a group of children, and on the + reverse the uplifted hands of an earlier figure."</p> + + <p class="note">And lastly, one from "A.P.H." (to which we + cannot do ample justice, as we do not keep an engraver), from + which we extract the following passages:—</p> + + <p class="note">"A friend of mine has a shield in his + possession, taken from a slab, and which has been enamelled. It + is of late date and rudely executed. On the back is + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page371" + id="page371"></a>{371}</span> seen the hands and breast of a + small female figure, very nearly a century earlier in date. + I can also remember an inscription in Cuxton Church, Kent, + which was loose, and had another inscription on the back in + the same manner.</p> + + <p class="note">"I am very much impressed with the idea that + the destroyed brasses never had been used at all; but had been + engraved, and then, from circumstances that of course we cannot + hope to fathom, thrown on one side till the metal might be used + for some other purpose. This, I think, is a more probable, as + well as a more charitable explanation than the one usually + given of the so-called palimpsest brasses."]</p> + + <p><i>Chapels</i> (No. 20. p. 333.).—As to the origin of + the name, will you allow me to refer Mr. Gatty to Ducange's + <i>Glossary</i>, where he will find much that is to his + purpose.</p> + + <p>As to its being "a legal description," I will not undertake + to give an opinion without a fee; but I will mention a fact + which may assist him in forming one. I believe that fifty years + ago the word <i>Chapel</i> was very seldom used among those who + formed what was termed the "Dissenting Interest;" that is, the + three "denominations" of Independents, Baptists, and + Presbyterians. But I well recollect hearing, from good + authority, nearly, or quite, forty years ago, that an eminent + barrister (whom I might now describe as a late learned judge), + who was much looked up to by the dissenters as one of their + body, had particularly advised that in all trust-deeds relating + to places of dissenting worship, they should be called + "Chapels." I do not know that he assigned any reason, but I + know that the opinion was given, or communicated, to those who + had influence; and, from my own observation, I believe that + from about that time we must date the adoption of the term, + which has now been long in general use.</p> + + <p>I do not imagine that there was any idea of either + assistance or opposition to the Church of England, in the mind + of him who recommended, or those who adopted, the alteration, + or that either of them expected or sought any thing by this + measure but to obtain a greater security for property, or, + rather, to avoid some real or imagined insecurity, found or + supposed to attach to the form of description previously in + use.</p> + + <p class="author">A BARRISTER.</p> + + <p><i>Forlot, Forthlot</i> (No. 20. p. 320.).—A measure + of grain used throughout Scotland at present—query + <i>fourthlot</i>. See Jamieson's <i>Etymological Dictionary of + the Scottish Language</i>.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"<i>Firlot; Fyrlot; Furlet</i>.—A corn measure in + S., the fourth part of a boll.</p> + + <p>"Thay ordainit the boll to mat victual with, to be + devidit in foure partis, <i>videlicet</i>, foure + <i>fyrlottis</i> to contene a boll; and that <i>fyrlot</i> + not to be maid efter the first mesoure, na efter the + mesoure now usit, bot in middill mesoure betwixt the + twa."—<i>Acts Jac.</i> l. 1526. c. 80. edit. + 1566.</p> + </blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"—Ane furme, ane furlet,</p> + + <p>Ane pott, ane pek."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4">Bannatyne <i>Poems</i>, p. 159.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Skinner derives it from A.-S. <i>feower</i>, quatuor; and + <i>lot, hlot</i>, portio (the fourth part); Teut. + "<i>viertel</i>."</p> + + <p class="author">J.S.</p> + + <p><i>Loscop</i> (No. 20. p. 319).—To be "Louecope-free" + is one of the immunities granted to the Cinque Ports in their + charters of Liberties.</p> + + <p>Jeakes explains the term thus:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"The Saxon word Cope (in Low Dutch still Kope or Koope), + for trade or merchandising, makes this as much as to trade + freely for love. So that by no kind of monopoly patent, or + company or society of traders or merchants, the portsmen be + hindered from merchandising; but freely and for love, be + permitted to trade and traffick, even by such company of + merchants, whenever it shall happen their concerns lie + together."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>In my MSS., and in the print of Jeakes, it is "Louecope," + with which "Lofcope" may be readily identified; and <i>f</i> + may easily be misread for <i>s</i>, especially if the roll be + obscured.</p> + + <p>If Jeakes's etymology of the word be correct, the inference + would rather be that "Lovecope" was a tax for the goodwill of + the port at which a merchant vessel might arrive; a "port duty" + in fact, independent of "lastage" &c., chargeable upon + every trader that entered the port, whatever her cargo might + be. And the immunities granted to the portsmen were that they + should be "port duty free."</p> + + <p>I do not venture to offer this as any thing more than a mere + guess. Among your contributors there are many more learned than + myself in this branch of antiquarian lore, who will probably be + able to give a more correct interpretation, and we shall feel + obliged for any assistance that they can give us in elucidating + the question.</p> + + <p>"Lovecope" might perhaps be the designation of the + association of merchants itself, to which Jeakes alludes; and + the liberty of forming such association, with powers of + imposing port duties, may have been dependent on special grant + to any port by royal charter, such as that which forms the + subject of your correspondent's communication.</p> + + <p>After all, perhaps, "Lovecope" was the word for an + association of merchants; and "Louecope-free" is to be freed + from privileged taxation by this body.</p> + + <p class="author">L.B.L.</p> + + <p><i>Smelling of the Lamp</i> (No. 21. p. 335.).—"X." + will find the expression + Ιλλυχνιων + οζειν attributed to Pytheas by + Plutarch (<i>Vit. Demosth</i>., c. 8.).</p> + + <p class="author">J.E.B. MAYOR.</p> + + <p><i>Anglo-Saxon MS. of Orosius</i> (No. 20. p. + 313.).—It may gratify Mr. Singer to be informed that the + Lauderdale MS., formerly in the library at Ham House, is now + preserved, with several other + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page372" + id="page372"></a>{372}</span> valuable manuscripts and + books, in the library at Helmingham Hall, Suffolk, the seat + of the Tollemache family.</p> + + <p class="author">M.</p> + + <p><i>Golden Frog</i>.—Ingenious as is the suggestion of + "R.R." (No. 18. p. 282.), that Sir John Poley stuck a golden + frog in his ear from his affection for <i>tadpoles</i>, I think + "R.R.'s" "Rowley Poley" may be dismissed with the + "<i>gammon</i> and spinach" of the amorous frog to which he + alludes.</p> + + <p>Conceiving that the origin of so singular a badge could + hardly fail to be commemorated by some tradition in the family, + I have made inquiry of one of Sir John Poley's descendants, and + I regret to hear from him that "they have no authentic + tradition respecting it, but that they have always believed + that it had some connection with the service Sir John rendered + in the Low Countries, where he distinguished himself much by + his military achievements." To the Low Countries, then, the + land of frogs, we must turn for the solution of the enigma.</p> + + <p class="author">Gastras.</p> + + <p>Cambridge, March 9.</p> + + <p><i>Sword of Charles I.</i>—Mr. Planché inquires + (No. 12. p. 183.), "When did the real sword of Charles the + First's time, which, but a few years back, hung at the side of + that monarch's equestrian figure at Charing Cross, + disappear?"—It disappeared about the time of the + coronation of Her present Majesty, when some scaffolding was + erected about the statue, which afforded great facilities for + removing the rapier (for such it was); and I always understood + it found its way, by some means or other, to the Museum, so + called, of the notoriously frolicsome Captain D——, + where, in company with the wand of the Great Wizard of the + North, and other well-known articles, it was carefully labelled + and numbered, and a little account appended of the + circumstances of its acquisition and removal.</p> + + <p class="author">John Street.</p> + + <p class="note">[Surely then Burke was right, and the "Age of + Chivalry is past!"—Otherwise the idea of <i>disarming a + statue</i> would never have entered the head of any Man of + Arms, even in his most frolicsome of moods.]</p> + + <p><i>John Bull</i>.—<i>Vertue MSS.</i>—I always + fancied that the familiar name for our countrymen, about the + origin of which "R.F.H." inquires (No. 21. p. 336.), was + adopted from Swift's <i>History of John Bull</i>, first printed + in 1712; but I have no authority for saying so.</p> + + <p>If the Vertue MSS. alluded to (No. 20. p. 319.) were ever + returned by Mr. Steevens to Dr. Rawlinson, they may be in the + Bodleian Library, to which the Doctor left all his collections, + including a large mass of papers purchased by him long after + Pepys' death, as he described it, "Thus et odores + vendentibus."</p> + + <p>These "<i>Pepys</i> papers," as far as I can recollect, were + very voluminous, and relating to all sorts of subjects; but I + saw them in 1824, and had only then time to examine and extract + for publication portions of the correspondence.</p> + + <p class="author">Braybrooke.</p> + + <p>Audley End, March 25.</p> + + <p><i>Vertue's Manuscripts</i>.—The MS. quoted under this + title by Malone is printed entire, or rather all of it which + refers to plays, by Mr. Peter Cunningham, in the <i>Papers of + the Shakspeare Society</i>, vol. ii. p. 123., from an + interleaved copy of Langbaine. Since the publication of that + paper, the entries relating to Shakspeare's plays have been + given from the original MS. in the Bodleian Library, in + Halliwell's <i>Life of Shakspeare</i>, p. 272.</p> + + <p class="author">S.L.</p> + + <p><i>Vertue's MSS</i>. (No. 20. p. 319.) were in Horace + Walpole's possession, bought by him, I think, of Vertue's + widow; and his <i>Anecdotes of Painting</i> were chiefly + composed from them, as he states, with great modesty, in his + dedication and his preface. I do not see in the Strawberry-Hill + Catalogue any notice of "Vertue's MSS.," though some vols. of + his collection of engravings were sold.</p> + + <p class="author">C.</p> + + <p><i>Lines attributed to Tom Brown</i>.—In a book + entitled <i>Liber Facetiarum, being a Collection of curious and + interesting Anecdotes</i>, published at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, by + D. Akenhead & Sons, 1809, the passage attributed to Tom + Brown by your correspondent "J.T." is given to Zacharias + Boyd.</p> + + <p>The only reference given as authority for the account is the + initials H.B.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Zacharias Boyd, whose bust is to be seen over the + entrance to the Royal College in Glasgow, while Professor + in that university, translated the Old and New Testament + into Scotch Metre; and, from a laudable zeal to disseminate + religious knowledge among the lower classes of the + community, is said to have left a very considerable sum to + defray the expense of the said work, which, however, his + executors never printed."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>After a few specimens, the account goes on</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"But the highest flight of his Muse appears in the + following <i>beautiful Alexandrine</i>:</p> + </blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4">"And was not Pharaoh a saucy rascal?</p> + + <p class="i4">That would not let the children of + Israel, their wives</p> + + <p class="i4">And their little ones, their flocks and + their herds, go</p> + + <p class="i4">Out into the wilderness forty days</p> + + <p class="i16">To eat the Pascal.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4">"H.B."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Speaking of Zachariah Boyd, Granger says, (vol. ii. p. + 379.):</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"His translation of the Scripture in such uncouth verse + as to amount to burlesque, has been often quoted, and the + just fame of a benefactor to learning has been obscured by + that cloud of miserable rhymes. Candour will smile at the + foible, but applaud the man.</p> + + <p>"Macure, in his account of Glasgow, p. 223., informs us + he lived in the reign of Charles I."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">H.I.</p> + + <p>Sheffield, March 9. + 1850.</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page373" + id="page373"></a>{373}</span> + + <p><i>Passage in Frith's Works</i> (No. 20. p. 319).—This + passage should be read, as I suppose, "Ab inferiori ad suum + superius confuse distribui."</p> + + <p>It means that there would be confusion, if what is said + distributively or universally of the lower, should be applied + distributively or universally to the higher; or, in other + words, if what is said universally of a species, should be + applied universally to the genus that contains that and other + species: <i>e.g.</i>, properties that are universally found in + the human species will not be found universally in the genus + Mammalis, and universal properties of Mammalia wil not be + universal over the animal kingdom.</p> + + <p class="author">T.J.</p> + + <p><i>Martins, the Louvain Printer</i>.—Your + correspondent "W." (No. 12. p. 185.) is informed, that in + Falkenstein's <i>Geschichte der Buchdrucherkunst</i> (Leipzig, + 1840, p. 257.), Theoderich Martens, printer in Louvain and + Antwerp, is twice mentioned. I have no doubt but this is the + correct German form of the name. Mertens, by which he was also + known, may very possibly be the Flemish form. His Christian + name was also written Dierik, a short form of Dietrich, which, + in its turn, is the same as Theodorich.</p> + + <p class="author">NORTHMAN.</p> + + <p><i>Master of the Revels</i>.—"DR. RIMBAULT" states + (No. 14. p. 219.), that Solomon Dayrolle was appointed Master + of the Revels in 1744, but does not know the date of his + decease. It may be unknown to Dr. Rimbault, that Solomon + Dayrolle<i>s</i> was an intimate friend and correspondent of + the great Lord Chesterfield: the correspondence continues from + 1748 to 1755 in the selection of Chesterfield's letters to + which I am referring.</p> + + <p>Dayrolles, during all that period, held a diplomatic + appointment from this country at the Hague. See Lord + Chesterfield's letter to him of the 22d Feb. 1748, where Lord + C. suggests that by being cautious he (Dayrolles) may be put + <i>en train d'être Monsieur l'Envoye</i>.</p> + + <p>In several of the letters Chesterfield warmly and familiarly + commends his hopeful son, Mr. Stanhope, to the care and + attention of Dayrolles.</p> + + <p>I have not been able to ascertain when Dayrolles died, but + the above may lead to the discovery.</p> + + <p class="author">W.H. LAMMIN.</p> + + <p><i>French Maxim</i>.—The French saying quoted by + "R.V." is the 223rd of <i>Les Réflexions morales du Duc + de la Rochefoucauld</i> (Pougin, Paris, 1839). I feel great + pleasure in being able to answer your correspondent's query, as + I hope that my reply may be the means of introducing to his + notice one of the most delightful authors that has ever yet + written: one who deserves far more attention than he appears to + receive from general readers in this degenerate age, and from + whom many of his literary successors have borrowed some of + their brightest thoughts. I need not go far for an + illustration:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Praise undeserved, is scandal in disguise,"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>is merely a condensation of,</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Louer les princes des vertus qu'ils n'ont pas, c'est + leur dire impunément des injures."—La + Rochefoucauld, Max. 327.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>I believe that Pope marks it as a <i>translation—a + borrowed thought—not as a quotation</i>. He has just + before used the words "your Majesty;" and I think the word + "<i>scandal</i>" is employed "<i>consulto</i>," and alludes to + the offence known in English law as "scandalum magnatum." Your + correspondent will, of course, read the work in the original; + in fact, he <i>must</i> do so <i>per force</i>. A good + translation of <i>Les Maximes</i> is still a desideratum in + English literature. I have not yet seen one that could lay + claim even to the meagre title of mediocrity; although I have + spared neither time nor pains in the search. Should any of your + readers have been more fortunate, I shall feel obliged by their + referring me to it.</p> + + <p class="author">MELANION.</p> + + <p><i>Endeavour</i>.—I have just found the following + instance of "endeavour" used as an active verb, in Dryden's + translation of Maimbourg's <i>History of the League</i>, + 1684.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"On the one side the majestique House of Bourbon,... and + on the other side, that of two eminent families which + endeavour'd their own advancement by its destruction; the + one is already debas'd to the lowest degree, and the other + almost reduc'd to nothing." —p. 3.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">C. FORBES.</p> + + <p>Temple.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>MISCELLANIES.</h2> + + <p><i>Epigram by La Monnoye</i>.—It has been ingeniously + said, that "Life is an epigram, of which death is the point." + Alas for human nature! good points are rare; and no wonder, + according to this wicked, but witty,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>EPIGRAM BY LA MONNOYE.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>The world of fools has such a store,</p> + + <p class="i2">That he who would not see an ass,</p> + + <p>Must bide at home, and bolt his door,</p> + + <p class="i2">And break his looking glass.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">S.W.S.</p> + + <p>Mickleham, Dec. 10. 1849.</p> + + <p><i>Spur Money</i>.—Two or three years since, a party + of sappers and miners was stationed at Peterborough, engaged in + the trigonometrical survey, when the officer entered the + cathedral with his spurs on, and was immediately beset by the + choristers, who demanded money of him for treading the sacred + floor with armed heels. Does any one know the origin of this + singular custom? I inquired of some of the dignitaries of the + Cathedral, but they were not aware even of its existence. The + boys, however, have more tenacious memories, at least where + their interest is concerned; but we must not look to them for + the origin of a <span class="pagenum"><a name="page374" + id="page374"></a>{374}</span> custom which appears to have + long existed. In the <i>Memorials of John Ray</i>, published + by the Ray Society, p. 131., there is the following entry in + his second Itinerary:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"July the 26th, 1661, we began our journey northwards + from Cambridge, and that day, passing through Huntingdon + and Stilton, we rode as far as Peterborough twenty-five + miles. There I first heard the Cathedral service. The + choristers made us pay money for coming into the choir with + our spurs on."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">East Winch.</p> + + <p class="note">[The following note from <i>The Book of the + Court</i> will serve to illustrate the curious custom referred + to by our correspondent:</p> + + <p class="note">"In <i>The Privy Purse Expenses of King Henry + VIII.</i> edited by Sir Harris Nicolas, there occur several + entries of payments made to the choristers of Windsor 'in + rewarde for the king's spurs'; which the editor supposes to + mean 'money paid to redeem the king's spurs, which had become + the fee of the choristers at Windsor, perhaps at installations, + or at the annual celebration of St. George's feast.' No notice + of the subject occurs in Ashmole's or Anstis's <i>History of + the Order of the Garter</i>. Mr. Markland, quoting a note to + Gifford's edition of Ben Jonson, vol. ii. p. 49., says, 'In the + time of Ben Jonson, in consequence of the interruptions to + Divine Service occasioned by the ringing of the spurs worn by + persons walking and transacting business in cathedrals, and + especially in St. Paul's, a small fine was imposed on them, + called "spur-money," the exaction of which was committed to the + beadles and singing-boys.' This practice, and to which, + probably, the items in Henry's household-book bear reference, + still obtains, or, at least, did till very lately, in the + Chapel Royal and other choirs. Our informant himself claimed + the penalty, in Westminster Abbey, from Dr. Fisher, Bishop of + Rochester, and received from him an eighteenpenny bank token as + the fine. He likewise claimed the penalty from the King of + Hanover (then Duke of Cumberland), for entering the choir of + the Abbey in his spurs. But His Royal Highness, who had been + installed there, excused himself with great readiness, pleading + 'his right to wear his spurs in that church, inasmuch as it was + the place where they were first put on him!'—See further, + <i>European Mag</i>., vol. iii. p. 16."]</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>MINIMUM DE MALIS.</h3> + + <h4>(<i>From the Latin of Buchanan.</i>)</h4> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Calenus owed a single pound, which yet</p> + + <p>With all my dunning I could never get.</p> + + <p>Tired of fair words, whose falsehood I foresaw,</p> + + <p>I hied to Aulus, learned in the law.</p> + + <p>He heard my story, bade me "Never fear,</p> + + <p>There was no doubt—no case could be more + clear:—</p> + + <p>He'd do the needful in the proper place,</p> + + <p>And give his best attention to the case."</p> + + <p class="i2">And this he may have done—for it + appears</p> + + <p>To have been his business for the last ten + years,</p> + + <p>Though on his pains ten times ten pounds + bestow'd</p> + + <p>Have not regain'd that one Calenus owed.</p> + + <p class="i2">Now, fearful lest this unproductive + strife</p> + + <p>Consume at once my fortune and my life,</p> + + <p>I take the only course I can pursue,</p> + + <p>And shun my debtor and my lawyer too.</p> + + <p>I've no more hope from promises or laws,</p> + + <p>And heartily renounce both debt and cause—</p> + + <p>But if with either rogue I've more to do,</p> + + <p>I'll surely choose my debtor of the two;</p> + + <p>For though I credit not the lies he tells,</p> + + <p>At least he <i>gives</i> me what the other + <i>sells</i>.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">Rufus.</p> + <hr /> + + <p><i>Epigram on Louis XIV.</i>—I find the following + epigram among some old papers. The emperor would be Leopold I., + the king Louis XIV.</p> + + <p><i>Epigram by the Emperor, 1666, and the King of + France.</i></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Bella fugis, sequeris bellas, pugnæque + repugnas,</p> + + <p class="i2">Et bellatori sunt tibi bella tori.</p> + + <p>Imbelles imbellis amas, totusque videris</p> + + <p class="i2">Mars ad opus Veneris, Martis ad arma + Venus.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">J.H.L.</p> + + <p><i>Macaulay's Young Levite.</i>—I met, the other day + with a rather curious confirmation of a passage in Macaulay's + <i>History of England</i>, which has been more assailed perhaps + than any other.</p> + + <p>In his character of the clergy, Macaulay says, they + frequently married domestics and retainers of great + houses—a statement which has grievously excited the wrath + of Mr. Babington and other champions. In a little book, once + very popular, first published in 1628, with the title + <i>Microcosmographie, or a Piece of the World discovered</i>, + and which is known to have been written by John Earle, after + the Restoration Bishop of Worcester and then of Salisbury, is + the following passage. It occurs in what the author calls a + character of "a young raw preacher."</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"You shall know him by his narrow velvet cape and serge + facing, and his ruffe, next his hire, the shortest thing + about him.... His friends, and much painefulnesse, may + preferre him to thirtie pounds a yeere, and this meanes, to + a chamber-maide: with whom we leave him now in the bonds of + wedlocke. Next Sunday you shall have him againe."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>The same little book contains many very curious and valuable + illustrations of contemporary manners, especially in the + universities.</p> + + <p>That the usage Macaulay refers to was not uncommon, we find + from a passage in the <i>Woman-Hater</i>, by Beaumont and + Fletcher (1607), Act III. Sc. 3.</p> + + <p>Lazarillo says,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Farewell ye courtly chaplains that be there!</p> + + <p>All good attend you! May you never more</p> + + <p>Marry your patron's lady's waiting-woman!"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">I.T.</p> + + <p>Trin. Coll. Camb., March 16. + 1850.</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page375" + id="page375"></a>{375}</span> + + <p><i>St. Martin's Lane</i>.—The first building leases of + St. Martin's Lane and the adjacent courts accidentally came + under my notice lately. They are dated in 1635 and 1636, and + were granted by the then Earl of Bedford.</p> + + <p class="author">Arun.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>CHARLES DEERING, M.D.</h3> + + <p>"Author of the Catalogue of Plants in the neighbourhood of + Nottingham. 'Catalogus Stirpium, &c., or a Catalogue of + Plants naturally growing and commonly cultivated in divers + parts of England, and especially about Nottingham,' 8vo. + Nottingh. 1738.</p> + + <p>"He was in the suite of the English ambassador to Russia, + returned and practised physic in London married unfortunately, + buried his wife, and then went to Nottingham, where he lived + several years. During his abode there he wrote a small + <i>Treatise on the Small Pocks</i>, this <i>Catalogue of + Plants</i>, and the <i>History of Nottingham</i>, the materials + for which John Plumtre, Esq. of Nottingham, was so obliging as + to assist him with. He also was paid 40<i>l.</i> by a London + bookseller for adding 20,000 words to an English dictionary. He + was master of seven languages, and in 1746 he was favoured with + a commission in the Nottinghamshire Foot, raised at that time. + Soon after died, and was buried in St. Peter's Churchyard.</p> + + <p>"William Ayscough, father of the printer of this + <i>Catalogus Stirpium</i> (G. Ayscough), in 1710, first + introduced the art of printing at Nottingham.</p> + + <p>"Mr. White was the same year the first printer at + Newcastle-upon-Tyne; and Mr. Dicey at + Northampton."—<i>MS. Note in the Copy of the Cat. + Stirpium, in the Library of the British Museum</i>.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>MISCELLANEOUS.</h2> + + <h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC.</h3> + + <p>Our advertising columns already show some of the good + results of the <i>Exhibition of the Works of Ancient and + Mediæval Art</i>. Mr. Williams announced last week his + <i>Historic Reliques</i>, to be etched by himself. Mr. Cundall + has issued proposals for <i>Choice Examples of Art + Workmanship</i>; and, lastly, we hear that an <i>Illustrated + Catalogue of the Exhibition</i>, prepared by Mr. Franks, the + zealous Honorary Secretary of the Committee, and so arranged as + to form a <i>History of Art</i>, may be expected. We mention + these for the purpose of inviting our friends to contribute to + the several editors such information as they may think likely + to increase the value of the respective works.</p> + + <p>The second edition of our able correspondent, Mr. Peter + Cunningham's <i>Handbook of London</i>, is on the eve of + publication.</p> + + <p>There are few of our readers but will be glad to learn from + the announcement in a previous column, that the edition of the + <i>Wickliffite Versions of the Scriptures</i>, upon which Sir + Frederick Madden and his fellow labourers have been engaged for + a period of twenty years, is just completed. It forms, we + believe, three quarto volumes.</p> + + <p>Messrs. Puttick and Simpson lately disposed of a most select + and interesting collection of autograph letters. We + unfortunately did not receive the catalogue in time to notice + it, which we the more regret, because, like all their + catalogues of autographs, it was drawn up with amateur-like + intelligence and care; so as to make it worth preserving as a + valuable record of materials for our history and biography.</p> + + <p>We have received the following Catalogues of + Books:—No. XXV. of Thomas Cole's (15. Great Turnstile): + No. 2. for 1850, of William Heath's (29½ Lincoln's Inn + Fields); and No. 15. of Bernard Quarritch's (16. Castle Street, + Leicester Square) Catalogue of Oriental and Foreign Books.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> + + <h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE</h4> + + <h4>(<i>In continuation of Lists in former Nos.</i>)</h4> + + <p>Mills, Rev. Isaac, of Highcleer—Account of the Life + and Conversation of, with a Sermon, 8vo., 1721.</p> + + <p>Mykur Hazem, by Marcus, London, 1846.</p> + + <p>Poems by a Bornnatural, 1849.</p> + + <h4><i>Odd Volumes</i>.</h4> + + <p>Proceedings of the Philological Society. Vol. I.</p> + + <p>Richardson's Correspondence, Vol. I. of the Six-Volume + Ed.</p> + + <p>Todd's Johnson's Dictionary, 4to., 1819. (Part X. containing + Title, Preface, &c.)</p> + + <p>Partington's British Cyclopædia—That portion of + Natural History which follows Vol. I.</p> + + <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, + <i>carriage free</i>, to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of + "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> + + <p>Burning for Treason.—Can the Correspondent who + furnished us with a curious Note upon this subject favour us + with a copy of it, the original having been accidentally + mislaid?</p> + + <p>We are again compelled, from want of space, to omit many + curious and interesting articles; and, after this statement, + must beg our kind friends at Leeds, Brompton, &c., who + complain of delay in the insertion of their communications, to + do us the favour to refer to the notice on this very subject + which appeared in our early numbers.</p> + + <p>Notes and Queries may be procured by the Trade at noon on + Friday: so that our country Subscribers ought to experience no + difficulty in receiving it regularly. Many of the country + Booksellers are probably not yet aware of this arrangement, + which enables them to receive Copies in their Saturday parcels. + Part V. is now ready.</p> + <hr class="adverts" /> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page376" + id="page376"></a>{376}</span> + + <center> + THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, + </center> + + <center> + No. CLXXII. is Published This Day. + </center> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2">CONTENTS:</p> + + <p>I. GIACOMO LEOPARDI AND HIS WRITINGS.</p> + + <p>II. RANKE'S HOUSE OF BRANDENBURG.</p> + + <p>III. QUEEN'S COLLEGE, LONDON.</p> + + <p>IV. GROTE'S HISTORY OF GREECE.</p> + + <p>V. URQUHART'S PILLARS OF HERCULES.</p> + + <p>VI. FACTS IN FIGURES.</p> + + <p>VII. THE DUTIFUL SON.</p> + + <p>VIII. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF LONDON.</p> + + <p>IX. BAXTER'S IMPRESSIONS OF EUROPE.</p> + + <p>X. LORD LIEUTENANT CLARENDON.</p> + + <p>XI. LOUIS PHILIPPE.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <center> + John Murray, Albemarle Street. + </center> + <hr /> + + <center> + NEARLY READY. + </center> + + <div class="figcenter" + style="width:50%;"> + <a href="images/376.png"><img width="100%" + src="images/376.png" + alt="CHOICE EXAMPLES OF ART WORKMANSHIP Selected from the Exhibition of ANCIENT AND MEDIÆVAL ART at the Society of Arts" /> + </a> + </div> + + <center> + A Prospectus, containing a Specimen of the Illustrations, + will be sent on receipt of two postage stamps. + </center> + + <center> + Joseph Cundall, 21. Old Bond Street. + </center> + <hr /> + + <p>MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF ANCIENT AND MODERN BOOKS.—NUMBER + FOUR is ready this day, and can be had Gratis, and sent, if + required, Postage Free. Address, John Miller, 43, Chandos + Street, Trafalgar Square. This List embraces numerous valuable + and interesting Books on English Poetry, the Drama, History, + Biography, Voyages and Travels, &c., with the works of a + few of the best Continental writers, a selection of Pictorial + Books of Scenery, Costume, Topography, and Drawing-room Table + Books.</p> + + <p>Also, on forwarding Four Postage Stamps, JOHN MILLER'S + CATALOGUE OF BOOKS FOR THE PAST QUARTER may be had stitched in + a wrapper, with a Table of Contents, showing at one glance the + range of subjects embraced, amongst which may be enumerated the + following, viz., America, Angling, Banking and Currency, Coins, + Dictionaries, Drawing-books, Games, Sports, &c., Heraldry, + Genealogy and Family History, Ireland, its History and + Literature, Kent, its History and Topography, Law, Music, its + History and Theory, Painting and the Fine Arts, Shakspeariana, + and a variety of other branches of Literature comprised in + upwards of 1500 articles.</p> + + <center> + John Miller, 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square. + </center> + <hr /> + + <p>THE ANGLO-SAXON, for April, Price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> or + 3<i>s.</i> post-free, contains England and her Colonies: County + Colonisation, with Maps—English Church + Music—Christian Architecture—London: a Poem, Essay + II.—The Alfred Medals: Three Sonnets, by Martin F. + Tupper—Anglo-Saxon Literature: the Jubilee Edition of + King Alfred's Works, with Specimens and + Translations—Wives and Mothers—Anglo-Saxon + Colonies: Victoria, Cooksland, Port Essington, + (Papua—Timor)—Original Ballads.</p> + + <p>The ANGLO-SAXON for 1849 forms a handsome volume, price One + Guinea.</p> + + <center> + London: T. Bosworth, 215. Regent Street. + </center> + <hr /> + + <p>Published every Saturday, price 3<i>d.</i>, or stamped, + 4<i>d.</i>, also in Monthly Parts. Part V. (for March), price + 1<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i>, now ready.</p> + + <p>NOTES AND QUERIES: a Medium of Inter-communication for + Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, &c.</p> + + <p>The attention of Publishers and Booksellers is particularly + requested to this Periodical as a medium for advertising. It + contains communications from the most eminent Literary Men, and + is circulated largely amongst the best class of + book-buyers.</p> + + <p>In addition to the valuable matter which will be found in + its columns, it contains notices of Book Sales, Booksellers' + Catalogues, and Lists of Books wanted to + purchase,—features which it is believed will be found + valuable to Dealers in Old Books, as well as useful to + Purchasers.</p> + + <table summary="Prices" + align="center"> + <caption> + SCALE OF PRICES. + </caption> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td align="right">£</td> + + <td><i>s.</i></td> + + <td><i>d.</i></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Six lines and under</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + + <td align="right">5</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Above six lines, per line</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + + <td align="right">6</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Half a column</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + + <td align="right">16</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Column</td> + + <td align="right">1</td> + + <td align="right">10</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Page</td> + + <td align="right">2</td> + + <td align="right">10</td> + + <td align="right">0</td> + </tr> + </table> + + <p>***Advertisements must be sent by the Wednesday previous to + the Saturday on which they are intended to appear; Notes and + Queries being issued to the Trade on Friday afternoon.</p> + + <center> + OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. + </center> + + <blockquote> + <p>"As good a first number as we remember to have seen. The + Editor exhibits a phalanx of eminent assistants. * * There + can be no doubt of the value of a Literary Medium of this + peculiar kind."—<i>Athenæum</i>.</p> + + <p>"We like the plan much. * * We wish success to a + publication which promises to be agreeable, intelligent, + and useful."—<i>Literary Gazette</i>.</p> + + <p>"We feel great pleasure in welcoming into the literary + world this publication, which promises to fill up a void + that has constantly been lamented by every person engaged + in any particular branch of study that required experience + and research. * * It is a publication in which all literary + persons must feel a deep interest, and that has our + heartiest wishes for its success."—<i>Morning + Herald</i>.</p> + + <p>"This is a new periodical, with a new idea, and one that + deserves and will be sure to receive encouragement amongst + scholars and readers really deserving that appellation. * * + It is a capital idea; and every one who makes Notes or has + Queries should buy it and contribute to + it."—<i>Weekly News</i>.</p> + + <p>"That valuable publication The Notes and Queries, so + auspiciously commenced."—<i>New Bell's + Messenger</i>.</p> + + <p>"With whomsoever the idea of publishing this useful and + interesting periodical first originated, that person is + entitled to the thanks of every author, antiquary, and + scholar, in the United Kingdom. * * We recommend, in all + sincerity, The Notes and Queries to the attention of lovers + of literature in general."—<i>Morning Post</i>.</p> + </blockquote> + + <center> + London: George Bell, 186. Fleet Street. + </center> + <hr /> + + <center> + Just Published, Parts 13 and 14, imperial quarto. Price + 3<i>s.</i> each, tinted 4<i>s.</i> + </center> + + <p>RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE, from Drawings by + John Johnson, Architect, F.S.A., Lithographed by Alfred + Newman.</p> + + <p>Contents, Part 13:—Hawton Church; Notts.—St. + Mary's, Stamford—Aldwinkle, All Saints, + Northamptonshire-Wellingborough Church, Northamptonshire.</p> + + <p>Part 14—Skelton Church, from the South-East and + South-West—Rye House, Herts.—Holbeach Church, + Lincolnshire.</p> + + <p>This Work is intended to embrace a series of examples of + Ecclesiastical, Collegiate, and Domestic Architecture. It will + be completed in Twenty Monthly Parts, price 3<i>s.</i> each, + tinted 4<i>s.</i></p> + + <center> + London: George Bell, 186. Fleet Street. + </center> + <hr /> + + <center> + Preparing for immediate Publication, in 2 vols. small + octavo. + </center> + + <p>THE FOLK-LORE OF ENGLAND. By William J. Thoms, F.S.A., + Secretary of the Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose + Romances," "Lays and Legends of all Nations," &c. One + object of the present work is to furnish new contributions to + the History of our National Folk-Lore; and especially some of + the more striking illustrations of the subject to be found in + the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental + Antiquaries.</p> + + <p>Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable + Customs and Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are + earnestly solicited, and will be thankfully acknowledged by the + Editor. They may be addressed to the care of Mr. Bell, Office + of "Notes and Queries," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote1" + name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote + 1:</b><a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + + <p>The best account, because the most consistent and + intelligible, of the Greek arithmetic, is that by Delambre, + affixed to Peyraud's edition of Archimedes.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote2" + name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote + 2:</b><a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + + <p>At a period of leisure I may be tempted to send you a + few extracts, somewhat curious, from some of the papers of + Mr. Strachey in my possession.</p> + </blockquote> + <hr class="full" /> + + <p>Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8. New Street Square, + at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the + City of London; and published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet + Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in The West, in the City + of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street + aforesaid.—Saturday, April 6, 1850.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries 1850.04.06, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES 1850.04.06 *** + +***** This file should be named 12505-h.htm or 12505-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/2/5/0/12505/ + +Produced by Jon Ingram, William Flis, and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. With thanks to Internet Library of Early Journals. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries 1850.04.06 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: June 3, 2004 [EBook #12505] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES 1850.04.06 *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, William Flis, and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. With thanks to Internet Library of Early Journals. + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 23.] SATURDAY, APRIL 6. 1850. [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * *{361} + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- Page + Periplus of Hanno, by R.T. Hampson 361 + Pope Vindicated 362 + The Supper of the Lorde 362 + Folk Lore:--Palm Sunday Wind--Curious Symbolical Custom--The Wild + Huntsman 363 + On Authors and Books, No. VI, by Bolton Corney 363 + +QUERIES:-- + Nicholas Breton's Crossing of Proverbs, by J.P. Collier 364 + Sword called Curtana, by E.F. Rimbault, LL.D. 364 + Is the Dombec the Domesday of Alfred? by George Munford 365 + Minor Queries:--Wickliffite Versions of the Scriptures--Gloves--Law + Courts at St. Alban's--Milton Pedigree--Sapcote Motto--Scala Coeli, + &c. 366 + +REPLIES:-- + The Arabic Numerals and Cipher 367 + Replies to Minor Queries, by Sir W.C. Trevelyan 368 + Derivation of "News" 369 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Swot--Pokership--Vox Populi--Living Dog better + than dead Lion--Curious Monumental Brasses--Chapels--Forthlot--Loscop-- + Smelling of the Lamp--Anglo-Saxon MS. of Orosius--Golden Frog--Sword + of Charles I.--John Bull--Vertue MSS.--Lines attributed to Tom Brown, + &c. 369 + +MISCELLANIES:-- + Epigram by La Monnoye--Spur Money--Minimum de Malls--Epigram on Louis + XIV.--Macaulay's Young Levite--St. Martin's Lane--Charles Deering, + M.D. 373 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 375 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 375 + Notices to Correspondents 375 + Advertisements 376 + + * * * * * + +PERIPLUS OF HANNO THE CARTHAGINIAN. + +I am not sufficiently Quixotic to attempt a defence of the +Carthaginians on the western coast of Africa, or any where else, but +I submit that the accusation brought against them by Mr. S. Bannister, +formerly Attorney-General of New South Wales, is not sustained by +the only record we possess of Hanno's colonising expedition. That +gentleman, in his learned _Records of British Enterprise beyond Sea_, +just published, says, in a note, p. xlvii.:-- + +"The first nomade tribe they reached was friendly, and furnished +Hanno with _interpreters_. At length they discovered a nation _whose +language was unknown to the interpreters_. These strangers they +attempted to seize; and, upon their resistance, they took three of the +women, whom they put to death, and carried their skins to Carthage" +(_Geogr. Graeci Minores_, Paris, 1826, p. 115.). + +Hanno obtained interpreters from a people who dwelt on the banks +of a large river, called the Lixus, and supposed to be the modern +St. Cyprian. Having sailed thence for several days, and touched at +different places, planting a colony in one of them, he came to a +mountainous country inhabited by savages, who wore skins of wild +beasts, [Greek: dermata thaereia enaemmenon]. At a distance of +twelve days' sail he came to some Ethiopians, who could not endure +the Carthaginians, and who spoke unintelligibly even to the Lixite +interpreters. These are the people whose women, Mr. Bannister says, +they killed. Hanno sailed from this inhospitable coast fifteen +days, and came to a gulf which he calls [Greek: Notou Kera], or +South Horn. + + "Here," says the Dr. Hawkesworth, of Carthage, "in the gulf, + was an island, like the former, containing a lake, and in + this another island, full of wild men; but the women were + much more numerous, _with hairy bodies_ ([Greek: daseiai tois + somasin]), whom the interpreters called [Greek: gorillas]. + We pursued the men, who, flying to precipices, defended + themselves with stones, and could not be taken. Three women, + who bit and scratched their leaders, would not follow them. + Having killed them, we brought their skins to Carthage." + +He does not so much as intimate that the creatures who so defended +themselves with stones, or those whose bodies were covered with +hair, spoke any language. Nothing but the words [Greek: anthropoi +agrioi] and [Greek: gunaikes] can lead us to believe that they were +human beings at all; while the description of the behaviour of the +men, and the bodies of the women, is not repugnant to the supposition +that they were large apes, baboons, or orang-outangs, common to this +part of Africa. At all events, the voyagers do not say that they +flayed a people having the faculty of speech. + +It is not, however, improbable that the Carthaginians were severe +taskmasters of the people whom they subdued. Such I understand those +to have been who opened the British tin mines, and who, according to +Diodorus Siculus, excessively overworked the wretches who toiled for +them, "wasting their bodies underground, and dying, {362} many a one, +through extremity of suffering, while others perished under the lashes +of the overseer." (_Bibl. Hist._ l. v. c. 38.) + +R.T. Hampson. + + * * * * * + +POPE VINDICATED. + +"P.C.S.S." is too great an admirer of Pope not to seek to vindicate +him from one, at least, of the blunders attributed to him by Mr. D. +Stevens, at p. 331. of the "Notes and Queries." + + "Singed are his _brows_, the scorching _lids_ grow black." + +Now, if Mr. S. will refer to Homer, he will find that the original +fully justifies the use of "brows" and "lids" in the _plural_. It runs +thus (_Od._ ix. v. 389.): + + "[Greek: Panta de ui blephar amphi kai ophruas eusen autmae]." + +"P.C.S.S." wishes that he could equally remove from Pope the charge +of inaccuracy respecting the _three_ cannibal meals of Polyphemus. He +fears that nothing can be alleged to impugn Mr. Stevens's perfectly +just criticism. + +While on the subject of Pope, "P.C.S.S." would wish to advert to +a communication (No. 16. p. 246.) in which it is insinuated that +Pope was probably indebted to Petronius Arbiter for the well-known +passage-- + + "Worth makes the man, and want of it the fellow; + The rest is all but leather and prunella." + +With all respect for the ingenious author of that communication, +"P.C.S.S." confesses that he is unable to discover such a similitude +of expression as might warrant the notion that Pope had been a +borrower from Petronius. He cannot suppose that Mr. F. could have been +led away by any supposed analogy between _corium_ and _coricillum_. +The latter, Mr. F. must know, is nothing more than a diminutive of +a diminutive (coricillum, _not_ corcillum, from corculum); and the +word is coined by Petronius to ridicule one of the affectations of +Trimalchio (Nero), who was wont to indulge, to an absurd extent, in +the use of such diminutives (_vide_ Burmann, _in loco_). "P.C.S.S." +will now subjoin such translations of the passage in question as he +has hitherto had opportunities of referring to. The first is from _The +Works of Petronius Arbiter, translated by several hands_, Lond. 8vo. +4th edit. 1714. At the beginning of the translation itself there is +this heading--"Made English by Mr. Wilson, of the Middle Temple, and +several others." The passage in question is thus rendered:-- + + "Come, my friends, let us see how merry you can be! for in my + time, I have been no better than yourselves; but, by my own + industry, I am what I am. _'Tis the heart makes the man_; all + the rest is but stuff!" + +In another translation, which, with Grub-Street audacity, the +publisher, in his title-passage, presumes to attribute to Addison! +and which appeared in 1736 (Lond. 8vo.), the passage is as follows:-- + + "I was once as you are: but now, thanks to my industry, I am + what I am. _It is the heart that makes the man_; all the rest + is but stuff!" + +Be the translator who he may, this version, so impudently ascribed to +the moral Addison, is written with much spirit and power, and with a +remarkable comprehension of the author's meaning. Some of the poetical +fragments at the end are, indeed, singularly well done. + +Of the two French versions which "P.C.S.S." has examined, the one by +Levaur (Paris, 8vo. 1726) thus translates the passage: + + "Je vous prie, mes amis ... _C'est le coeur qui fait les + hommes; je compte le reste pour un fetu_." + +In that of Boispreaux (Lond. 1742), it is simply rendered-- + + "Mon scavoir faire m'a tire du pair. _C'est le coeur qui fait + l'homme_ ..." + +No attempt is made to translate the _quisquilia_. + +P.C.S.S. + + * * * * * + +"THE SUPPER OF THE LORDE." + +I shall be glad to find that your correspondent "C.H." (No. 21. p. +333.) receives a satisfactory answer to his inquiry, as such a reply +would also satisfy my earlier query, No. 7. p. 109. I perceive, +however, from his letter, that I can give him some information on +other points noticed in it, though the absence of papers now passing +through the press with the Parker Society's reprint of a third volume +of Tyndale, will prevent my replying with such precision as I could +wish. That ancient tract on "The Supper of the Lorde, after the true +meanyng of the sixte of John," &c., of which "C.H." says he possesses +a copy, was reprinted at different intervals with the same date, viz., +MCCCCCXXXIII, Apryll v., on its title-page. The original edition has a +final colophon, stating that it was "imprinted at Nornberg, by Nielas +Twonson," and is so rare, that I have not been able to discover the +existence of any copy, but one recently deposited in the Bodleian. +That "C.H.'s" copy is not a specimen of that first edition, is +apparent from two circumstances. The first is, that he has given you +a quotation from his copy as follows:--"And as for M. More, whom the +verity most offendeth, and doth but mocke it," whereas the original +edition has, "And as for M. Mocke," &c., and Sir Thomas More notices +this mockage of his name in his reply. The next is, that his copy +contains "Crowley's Epistle to the Reader," which does not appear in +any edition of an earlier date than 1551. When first attached to this +treatise, the epistle was anonymous, as may be seen in the Lambeth +copy; but Crowley eventually {363} affixed his name to the epistle, +as it appears in "C.H.'s" and in other copies. Robert Crowley was a +fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; vicar of St. Giles, Cripplegate; +a printer and publisher; but to his singular combination of titles, we +cannot add that of author of the treatise in question. "C.H." has seen +that he did not enter Oxford till 1534; and in his Prefatory Epistle, +Crowley speaks of the author of the treatise as a person distinct from +himself. + +I do not wish, however, to be considered as positively affirming the +treatise to be Tyndale's. Foxe, the martyrologist, edited Tyndale's +works for Day, and he has only said that this treatise was "compiled, +as some do gather, by M. Wm. Tyndale, because the method and phrase +agree with his, and the time of writing are [sic] concurrent." On the +other hand, the authorship is unhesitatingly assigned to Tyndale by +Mr. C. Anderson (_Annals of the English Bible_, Sec.ix. _ad finem_), +and by Mr. Geo. Offer (_Mem. of Tyndale_, p. 30.), the two most +pains-taking and best informants as to his works. But still there are +objections of such force, that I must confess myself rather inclined +to attribute the treatise to Joy's pen, if I could but be satisfied +that he was capable of writing so correctly, and of keeping so clear +of vulgarity in a controversy with a popish persecutor. + +H.W. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Palm Sunday Wind_.--It is a common idea among many of the farmers and +labourers of this immediate neighbourhood, that, from whatever quarter +the wind blows for the most part on Palm Sunday, it will continue +to blow from the same quarter for the most part during the ensuing +summer. + +Is this notion prevalent in other parts of the country, as a piece of +"Folk-Lore?" + +R.V. + +Winchester, March 26. + + +_Curious Symbolical Custom_.--On Saturday last I married a couple in +the parish church. An old woman, an aunt of the bridegroom, displeased +at the marriage, stood at the church gate and pronounced an anathema +on the married pair. She then bought a new broom, went home, swept +her house, and hung the broom over the door. By this she intimated her +rejection of her nephew, and forbade him to enter her house. Is this a +known custom? What is its origin? + +H. Morland Austen. + +St. Peter's, Thanet, March 25. 1850. + + +_The Wild Huntsman_.--The interesting contributions of your +correspondent "Seleucus," on "Folk Lore," brought to my recollection +the "Wild Huntsman" of the German poet, Tieck; of whose verses on that +superstitious belief, still current among the imaginative peasantry of +Germany, I send you a translation, _done into English_ many years ago. +The Welsh dogs of Annwn, or "couriers of the air"--the spirit-hounds +who hunt the souls of the dead--are part of that popular belief +existing among all nations, which delivers up the noon of night to +ungracious influences, that "fade on the crowing of the cock." + + +"THE WILD HUNTSMAN. + + "At the dead of the night the Wild Huntsman awakes, + In the deepest recess of the dark forest's brakes; + He lists to the storm, and arises in scorn. + He summons his hounds with his far-sounding horn; + He mounts his black steed; like the lightning they fly + And sweep the hush'd forest with snort and with cry. + Loud neighs his black courser; hark his horn, how 'tis swelling! + He chases his comrades, his hounds wildly yelling. + Speed along! speed along! for the race is all ours; + Speed along! speed along! while the midnight still lours; + The spirits of darkness will chase him in scorn, + Who dreads our wild howl, and the shriek of our horn, + Thus yelling and belling they sweep on the wind, + The dread of the pious and reverent mind: + But all who roam gladly in forests, by night, + This conflict of spirits will strangely delight." + +J.M. + +Oxford, March 13. + + * * * * * + +ON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. VI. + +In the union of scholarship, polished manners, and amiability of +character, we have had few men to surpass the reverend Joseph Spence. +His career was suitable to his deserts. He was fortunate in his +connections, fortunate in his appointments, and fortunate in his share +of fame. + +His fame, however, is somewhat diminished. His _Essay on the Odyssey_, +which procured him the friendship of Pope, has ceased to be in +request; his _Polymetis_, once the ornament of every choice library, +has been superseded by the publications of Millin and Smith; his poems +are only to be met with in the collections of Dodsley and Nichols. If +we now dwell with pleasure on his name, it is chiefly as a recorder +of the sayings of others--it is on account of his assiduity in making +_notes!_ I allude to the volume entitled _Anecdotes, observations, +and characters of books and men_, which was edited by my friend Mr. +Singer, with his wonted care and ability in 1820. + +The _Essay on the Odyssey_ was first published anonymously in 1726-7. +It was reprinted in 1737 and 1747. A copy of the latter edition, now +in my possession, contains this curious note:-- + + "It is remarkable that of twelve passages objected to in this + critique on the English Odyssey, _two_ only are found in those + books which were translated by Pope. + + "From Mr. Langton, who had his information from Mr. Spence. + + "When Spence carried his preface to Gorboduc in {364} 1736 to + Pope, he asked him his opinion. Pope said 'It would do very + well; there was nothing _pert_ or _low_ in it.' Spence was + satisfied with this praise, which however, was in implied + censure on all his other writings.--He is very fond of the + familiar vulgarisms of common talk, and is the very reverse of + Dr. Johnson. + +"E.M." [Edmond Malone.] + +The note is not signed at length, but there can be no doubt as to its +authorship, as I purchased the volume which contains it at the sale of +the unreserved books of Mr. Malone in 1818. + +Bolton Corney. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +NICHOLAS BRETON'S "CROSSING OF PROVERBS." + +Although my query respecting William Basse and his poem, "Great +Britain's Sun's Set," (No. 13. p. 200), produced no positive +information touching that production, it gave an opportunity to some +of your correspondents to communicate valuable intelligence relating +to the author and to other works by him, for which I, for one, was +very much obliged. If I did not obtain exactly what I wanted, I +obtained something that hereafter may be extremely useful; and that +I could not, perhaps, have obtained in any other way than through the +medium of your pleasant and welcome periodical. + +I am now, therefore, about to put a question regarding another writer +of more celebrity and ability. Among our early pamphleteers, there was +certainly none more voluminous than Nicholas Breton, who began writing +in 1575, and did not lay down his pen until late in the reign of +James I. A list of his pieces (by no means complete, but the fullest +that has been compiled) may be seen in Lowndes's _Bibl. Manual_; +it includes several not by Breton, among them Sir Philip Sidney's +_Ourania_, 1606, which in fact is by a person of the name Backster; +and it omits the one to which my present communication refers, and +regarding which I am at some loss. + +In the late Mr. Heber's _Catalogue_, part iv. p. 10., I read as +follows, under the name of Nicholas Breton:-- + + "Crossing of Proverbs. The Second Part, with certaine briefe + Questions and Answeres, by N.B., Gent. Extremely rare and very + curious, _but imperfect_. It appears to contain a portion of + the first part, and also of the second; but it appears to be + unknown." + +Into whose hands this fragment devolved I know not; and that is one +point I am anxious to ascertain, because I have another fragment, +which consists of what is evidently the first sheet of the first part +of the tract in question, with the following title-page, which I quote +_totidem literis_:-- + + "Crossing of Proverbs. Crosse-Answeres. And Crosse-Humours. By + B.N., Gent. At London, Printed for John Wright, and are to be + solde at his Shop without Newgate, at the signe of the Bible, + 1616." + +It is in 8vo., as Heber's fragment appears to have been; but then the +initials of the author are given as N.B., whereas in my fragment they +stand B.N., a usual inversion with Nicholas Breton; the brief address +"To the Reader" is also subscribed B.N.; and then begins the body of +the work, thus headed: "Crosse and Pile, or, Crossing of Proverbs." It +opens as follows: + + "_Proverb_. The more the merrier. + _Cross_. Not so; one hand is enough in a purse. + _P._ Every man loves himselfe best. + _C._ Not so, when man is undone by suretyship. + _P._ He that runnes fastest gets most ground. + _C._ Not so, for then foote-men would have more land than their masters. + _P._ He runnes far that never turnes. + _C._ Not so, he may breake his necke in a short course. + _P._ No man can call againe yesterday. + _C._ Yes, hee may call till his heart ake, though it never come. + _P._ Had I wist was a foole. + _C._ No, he was a foole that said so." + +And so it proceeds, not without humour and point, here and there +borrowing from known sources, as in the following:-- + + "_Proverb._ The world is a long journey. + _Cros._ Not so, the sunne goes it every day. + _P._ It is a great way to the bottom of the sea. + _C._ Not so, it is but a stone's cast." + +However, my object is not to give specimens of the production further +than are necessary for its identification. My queries are, 1st, Who +bought Mr. Heber's fragment, and where is it now to be found? 2nd, Are +any of your correspondents aware of the existence of a perfect copy of +the work? + +I naturally take a peculiar interest about Nicholas Breton, because +I have in my possession an unknown collection of amatory and pastoral +poems by him, printed in quarto in 1604, in matter and measure obvious +imitations of productions in "The Passionate Pilgrim," 1599, imputed +to Shakespeare, and some of which are unquestionably by Richard +Barnfield. + +Any new information regarding Breton and his works will be most +acceptable to me. I am already in possession of undoubted proof that +he was the Nicholas Breton whose epitaph is on the chancel-wall of the +church of Norton, in Northamptonshire, a point Ritson seems to have +questioned. + +J. Payne Collier. + +March 30. 1850. + + * * * * * + +THE SWORD CALLED CURTANA. + +In the wardrobe account for the year 1483, are "iij swerdes, whereof +oon with a flat poynte, {365} called _curtana_, and ij other swords, +all iij swords covered in a yerde di of crymysym tisshue cloth of +gold." + +The name of _curtana_ for many ages continued to be given to the first +royal sword in England. It existed as long ago as the reign of Henry +III., at whose coronation (A.D. 1236) it was carried by the Earl of +Chester. We find it at the coronations of Edward II. and Richard II.; +also in the time of Henry IV., Richard III., and Henry VII.; and among +the royal arms of Edward VI. we read of "a swerde called _curtana_." + +Can any of your readers explain the origin of the name _curtana_, +a sword so famous that it carries us back to the days of ancient +chivalry, when it was wielded by the Dane _Uggiero_, or by the still +more famed _Orlando_. + +Edward F. Rimbault. + + * * * * * + +IS THE DOMBEC THE DOMESDAY OF ALFRED? + +I beg to propose the following "Query":--Is the _Dombec_, a work +referred to in the Laws of Edward the Elder, the same as what has been +called the Domesday or Winchester Book of Alfred the Great? I incline +to think that it is not, and shall be much obliged to any of your +correspondents, learned in the Anglo-Saxon period of our history, who +will give himself the trouble of resolving my doubts. + +Sir Henry Spelman, in his Glossary _voce Dombec_, calls it the _Liber +Judicialis_ of the Anglo-Saxons; and says it is mentioned in the first +chapter of the laws of Edward the Elder, where the king directs his +judges to conduct themselves in their judicial proceedings as on [Old +English: thaere dom bec stand], that is, as _is enjoined in their Dome +Book_.--"Quod," he continues, "an de praecedentium Regum legibus quae +hodie extant, intelligendum sit: an de alio quopiam libro hactenus non +prodeunte, incertum est." + +But this uncertainty does not seem to have attached itself to the +mind of Sir William Blackstone; for in the third section of the +Introduction prefixed to his _Commentaries on the Laws of England_, he +informs us that our antiquaries "tell us that in the time of Alfred, +the local customs of the several provinces of the kingdom were grown +so various, that he found it expedient to compile his _Dome Book_, or +_Liber Judicialis_, for the general use of the whole kingdom." This +book is said to have been extant so late as the reign of King Edward +IV., but is now unfortunately lost. It contained, we may probably +suppose, the principal maxims of the common law, the penalties for +misdemeanors, and the forms of judicial proceedings. Thus much may be +at least collected from that injunction to observe it, which we find +in the Laws of King Edward the Elder, the son of Alfred.--"_Omnibus +qui reipublicae praesunt etiam atque etiam mando, ut omnibus aequos +se praebeant judices, perinde ac in judiciali libro_ (Saxonice, [Old +English: dom bec]) _scriptum habetur: nec quidquid formident quin +jus commune_ (Saxonice, [Old English: folcrihte]) _audactes libereque +dicant._" + +But notwithstanding this, it appears to me by no means conclusive, +that the _Dombec_ referred to in the Laws of Edward the Elder and the +_Liber Judicialis_ of Alfred are the same; on the contrary, Alfred's +_Liber Judicialis_ seems to have been known not under the name +of _Dombec_, but under that of the _Winchester Roll_, from the +circumstance of its having been principally kept at Winchester: and +Sir Henry Spelman says, the Domesday Book of William the Conqueror was +sometimes called _Rotulus Wintoniae, a similitudine antiquoris_, from +its resemblance to an older document preserved at Winchester. And he +quotes Ingulphus Abbot of Croyland, who says, "Iste rotulus (i.e. the +Domesday Book of William) vocatus est Rotulus Wintoniae, et ab Anglicis +pro sua generalitate, omnia tenementa totius terrae integre continente +_Domesday_ cognominatur." And the he proceeds, "Talem rotulum et +multum similem; ediderat quondam Rex Alfredus, in quo totam terram +Angliae per comitatus, centurias, et decurias descripserat, sicut +praenotatur. Qui quidem Rotulus Wintoniae vocatus est, quia deponebatur +apud Wintoniam conservandus," &c. + +Here is nothing said of this work being called [Old English: dom bec]: +neither does Spelman, in his enumeration of the works of Alfred, +give the least intimation that any one of his collections of laws was +called [Old English: dom bec]. + +We know, indeed, that Alfred compiled a code of laws for his subjects; +but whether any part of them has been preserved, or how much of them +is embodied in subsequent codes, cannot now be determined. Asser +mentions that he frequently reprimanded the judges for wrong +judgments; and Spelman, that he wrote "a book against unjust +magistrates," but any complete body of laws, if such was ever framed +by Alfred, is now lost; and that attributed to him in Wilkin's _Leges +Anglo-Saxon_, is held in suspicion by most writers. + +For these reasons, and considering that Sir William Blackstone's +knowledge of English history was rather superficial, I incline to the +belief, that the [Old English: dom bec] referred to in the laws of +Edward the Elder, was some collection of laws made _prior_ to the time +of Alfred: this might clearly be the case, as Sharon Turner informs +us that the Saxon laws were committed to writing as early as the +commencement of the 7th century. + +The opinions of your learned correspondents on this disputed point may +be of much interest to many of your readers, and to none more than to + +George Munford. + +East Winch. + + * * * * *{366} + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_MSS. of the Wycliffite Translations of the Scriptures_.--The Add. MS. +15,521., in the British Museum, contains a copy of Lewis's edition +of the _Wycliffite New Testament_, printed in 1731, with manuscript +notes by Ames and Lewis, and the former has transcribed into it some +_additional prologues_, prefixed to each book of the New Testament, +which had not been printed by Lewis, and were taken by Ames from a MS. +of the New Testament, written in 1424, and in 1731 in the possession +of Thomas Granger. It would be very desirable to learn what became of +this MS. subsequently. Granger died in the following year, but the +MS. does not appear in the sale catalogue of his library, nor is it +found in the catalogue of Ames's own library, dispersed in 1760. Any +information relative to this remarkable copy of the New Testament, +would be very acceptable to the Editors of the _Wycliffite Versions +of the Scriptures_, who are now, after a literary labour of more than +twenty years, about to bring the work to a conclusion. They would +also feel much obliged by the communication of any notices of MSS. of +the Wycliffite versions, _existing in private hands_, exclusive of +those copies of which they already possess descriptions, existing in +the libraries of the following individuals:--Mrs. Allanson of Farn, +Flintshire, the Earl of Ashburnham, Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart., Sir +Peregrine Ackland, Bart., Sir David Dundas, H.M. Judge Advocate, Dr. +Cardwell, Principal of St. Alban's Hall, Oxford, and Thomas Bannister, +Esq. + +F. Madden. + +British Museum, March 28. + + +_Why are Gloves not worn before Royalty?_--Can any of your readers +inform me what is the origin of the custom observed at Court, of +persons in the royal presence not wearing gloves? Is it a matter of +pure etiquette, or does the observance of it derive its origins from +barbarous times, when chivalry was little else than barbarism in +armour? + +F.E. + + +_Law Courts at St. Albans_.--Can any of your correspondents give +me the reference to a communication in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ +(between, I think, the years 1815 and 1836), in which a passage +in Massinger, which alludes to lawyers going to St. Albans, is +illustrated by an inscription in the nave of St. Alban's Abbey Church, +which records that the courts were held there on account of the +sweating-sickness in the reign of Elizabeth? + +[Greek: Sigma.] + + +_Richard Haley, or Hales.--Milton Pedigree_.--I should feel obliged +by any particulars respecting Richard Haley, or Hales, of Idlestreete, +otherwise Ilstreyd, in com. Hertford, yeoman; my object being to +ascertain the nature of some transaction he had with Milton, in July +1674, referred to in a bond which the former executed, dated the +27th of that month, for performance of the covenants contained in an +indenture of even date. + +Is any thing known of Richard Milton, who signs his name as the +attesting witness to the releases given by two of the poet's daughters +for their share of his estate? Is there any pedigree of the family of +Sir Christopher Milton, the poet's brother, drawn up with sufficient +apparent accuracy to exclude the probability of Richard Milton being +his son? I have referred to the pedigree in the British Museum (Harl. +MS. 5802. fo. 19b.), which makes no mention of the letter; but it is +evidently so imperfect a notice, as to be of little authority one way +or other. + +J.F.M. + + +_Sapcote Motto_.--Over the old gatehouse of Elton, co. Hunts., built +by the family of Sapcote, is their coat of arms, namely, "three +dove-cotes;" and upon a scroll, surrounding the lower part of the +shield, is carved a motto, evidently French, and as evidently cut by +a person ignorant of that language. So far as I can decypher it, the +letters appear to be + + sco toot X vinic [or umic] + X poncs. + +Possibly the first and last letters _s_ are only flourishes. I shall +be glad of any suggestion as to its meaning. + +I have not been able to find the Sapcote motto on record; and I +believe the Carysfoot family, the possessors of Elton, and the Duke +of Bedford, the heir in blood, to be ignorant of what this scroll is +intended to represent. + +Erminois. + +Athenaeum Club. + + +_Scala Coeli_.--In a will, dated 12 Hen. VIII., the testator directs +that there shall be four trentals of Saint Gregory said for his soul +at London at "Scala Coeli." Can any of your readers explain what place +is meant by "Scala Coeli?" + +A Subscriber. + + +_Illustrations of Gresset's "Vert Vert," painted on Enamel, &c._--In +a Paris edition of Gresset's Works (Janet et Cotelle, 1823), in the +preface is the following passage.-- + + "Vert-vert fut bientot dans toutes les mains. Le suffrage de + la multitude se joignit a celui des connoisseurs; la mode, qui + est aussi en possession de donner son suffrage, s'empressa de + parer les ajustemens d'invention recente, du nom de l'illustre + perroquet; _les vases d'ornement, les vases usuels_ qui + sortoient des fabriques francoises, retracoient presque tous + quelques episodes du petit poeme. Un artist dont le nom est + venu jusqu'a nous, Raux, en _peignit sur email les sujets + les plus marquants_; et tandis qu'on faisoit passer dans une + version latine les vers elegants du poete jesuite, M. Bertin, + ministre d'etat, le gratifioit d'un magnifique _cabaret_ de + Sevres, dont toutes les pieces reproduisoient les aventures + de son heros, ce qui fit dire a Gresset, _qu'on le traduisoit + aussi en porcelaine de Sevres_." {367} + +The _Query_ I wish to make is, Have any of these illustrations or +designs from Gresset's poem of Vert-vert, painted on enamel china, or +earthenware of any sort, of French or any other manufacture, come to +light of late years? or more lately still, among the articles that +have been dispersed among various buyers of almost all nations, in the +sales within these few weeks effected at Paris? + +Robert Snow. + + +_Urbanus Regius_.--A friend of mine, a delightful old lady, fresh, +genial, and inquisitive, has in her possession an old volume, a family +heir-loom, which is not the less dear to her for being somewhat dingy +and dilapidated, and touching which she would gladly receive such +information as your correspondents can supply. + +It is made up of three apparently distinct treatises; the first +(of which several leaves are wanting) on the twelve articles of the +Apostles' Creed. The second is "The ryght foundation, and pryncypall +common places of the hole godly Scripture," &c., by Doctor Urbanus +Regius. Prefixed is an epistle to Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury +(evidently Cranmer), to whom "Hys dayly oratoure, Gwalter Lynne (the +writer of the epistle), wyssheth lyfe euerlastynge." Between this +second treatise and the third, and apparently belonging to the latter, +is a title-page with the following inscription: + + "Imprinted for Gwalter Lynne, dwelling upon Somers Kaye, by + Byllinges gate. In the yeare of oure Lorde. MDXLVIII. And they + by [_sic_] to be solde at Poules church yarde at the north + doore, In the signe of the By-bell, By Richard Jugge." + +This last treatise is in smaller type than the others, and has no +general designation: it contains chapters on various subjects, e.g. +"The Signification of Baptism," &c. + +Query 1. Is this volume well known? 2. Who were Urbanus Regius and +Walter Lynne? + +G.P. + +March 16. 1850. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + +THE ARABIC NUMERALS AND CIPHER. + +I might, with a little more consideration, have referred "E.V." to +several other authorities which he will do well to consult. + +9. Wallis's _Algebra_, p. 9. and p. 153. of the additions. + +10. _Phil. Trans._, Nos. 439. and 475. + +11. Montucla, _Histoire des Mathematiques_, tom. i. chap. 2. + +12. Baillie, _Histoire de l'Astronomie_. + +13. Delambre[1], _Hist. de l'Astr. du moyen age_. + +14. Hutton's _Tracts_ (8vo. ed. 1812.), vol. ii. (subject "History of +Algebra") + +15. Huet, _Demonstratio Evangelica_. + +16. Dr. John Taylor's Translation of the _Lilawati_. (Bombay, 1816.) + +17. Strachey's Translation of the _Bija Ganita_[2]. + +18. Colebrooke's _Algebra of the Hindus_. + +Would it not be worth while to give a _facsimile_ of the "Tabel for +all manere of merchauntes," in the "Notes and Queries"? It is not only +a curiosity, but an important element (and unique as far as is known) +in the philosophic history of our arithmetic. It was, no doubt, an +actual instrument in constant use in the merchant's office, as much so +as an almanac, interest-tables, a "cambist" and a copying-press, are +now. + +As regards the cipher, the difficulty only commenced with _writing +numbers_ in the new symbology. With persons accustomed to the use +of this instrument, there is no doubt that the mode of obviating the +difficulty of "keeping the place," would suggest itself at once. In +this instrument an empty hole (without its peg) _signified_ "none of +this denomination." What then more simple than to make the outline +of the empty hole which occupied the "local position" of any +denomination, when none of that precise denomination occurred in the +number itself? Under this view the process at least becomes simple +and natural; and as the early merchants contributed so largely to the +improvement of our arithmetical processes, such a conclusion is wholly +divested of improbability on any other ground. The circle would then +naturally become, as it certainly has practically become, the most +appropriate symbol of _nothingness_. + +As regards the term _cipher_ or _zero_ (which are so obviously the +same as to need no remark), it is admitted on all hands to be derived +from one or other of the Semitic languages, the Hebrew or the Arabic. +It is customery with the mathematical historians to refer it to the +Arabic, they being in general more conversant with it than with the +Hebrew. The Arabic being a smaller hand than the Hebrew, a dot was +used instead of the circle for marking the "place" at which the hiatus +of any "denomination" occurred. If we obtained our cipher from this, +it would be made hollow (a mere _ceinture_, girdle, or ring) to +save the trouble of making a dot sufficiently large to correspond in +magnitude with our other numerals as we write them. Either is alike +possible--probability must be sought, for either over the other, from +a slightly different source. + +The root-words in Hebrew and in Arabic are precisely the same +(_ts-ph-r_), though in the two {368} languages, and at different ages +of the same language, they might have been vowelised differently. +In some shape or other, this name is used in all countries that have +derived their arithmetic from mediaeval Italy, or from the Saracens. It +is with some _cipher_, with others _chiffre_, and with all _zero_. The +word is certainly no more Italian than it is French or English. Be it +remembered, too, that _ezor_ (quoted at p. 268.), as a _girdle_, is +radically the same word, somewhat mutilated. The cardinal meaning of +the word (denuded of the conventional accretions of signification, +which peculiar applications of it adds to the cardinal meaning) +appears to be _emptiness_, _hollowness_, _nothingness_. It may be +further remarked, that in the fine Chartres MS. of Boetius, described +by Chasles, the 0 is called _sipos_:--the same name, he remarks, +that Graves found in use in the East. The modern Turks call the 0, +_tsifra_. + +It is curious enough that in all languages, the term _ciphering_ is +popularly used to denote all arithmetical operations whatever. +Our schoolboys do their "ciphering," and write carefully in their +"ciphering-books." This all seems to point to the art of dispensing +with the use of the abacus or counting table. + +T.S.D. + +Shooter's Hill, March 5. + +[1] The best account, because the most consistent and +intelligible, of the Greek arithmetic, is that by Delambre, affixed to +Peyraud's edition of Archimedes. + +[2] At a period of leisure I may be tempted to send you a few +extracts, somewhat curious, from some of the papers of Mr. Strachey in +my possession. + + +_Arabic Numerals_.--I had replied to "E.V." (No. 15. p. 230.), when +I saw by your "Notice to Correspondents," that the question was +answered. I therefore waited the publication of the replies, which I +find do not embrace any one of the points to which I would call the +attention of "E.V."--Diophantus of Alexandria, who flourished about +150 years after Christ, and who wrote thirteen books of algebra or +arithmetic in the Greek language, is generally supposed to be the +oldest writer on the subject that has come down to our time; but it +was not from him that we received the knowledge of algebra in Europe. +It appears certain that the first knowledge of this science in +England was from Italy or Spain, after the Moors settled in the latter +country; and the Arabians and Persians appear to have derived their +arithmetical method of computing by ten characters from the Indians: +who, in their turn, have most probably borrowed from the Chinese, and +improved on their method by the adoption of a zero, which was one of +the most important improvements effected by the Hindoos. In China, +the words ancient and modern are almost synonymous; their usages +and customs being so unchangeable, as appears by their instrument +of computation, the _swanpan_, which is still used in all their +calculations. The Oriental scholar will find much curious and +interesting information connected with this subject in the Sanscrit +_Vija Ganita_ and _Lilivati_ of Bhaskara Acharya: the former +was translated into Persian at Agra, or Delhi, in 1634, and the +latter by Fyzee in 1587; but there are also English translations, +all of which are in the library of the Royal Asiatic Society. The +_Khalasah-ul-Hisah_ is another work of repute in India. Mr. Strachey +wrote and printed in India, for the _Asiatic Researches_, a valuable +paper, which contains most conclusive evidence of the Indian (if not +Chinese) origin of our numerals. See also _Astronomie Indienne_, +of M. Bailly; 2d vol. _Asiatic Researches_, "On the Astronomical +Computations of the Hindoos," by Saml. Davis; "Two Dissertations on +Indian Astronomy and Trigonometry," by Professor Playfair, in the 2d +and 4th vols. of the _Edinburgh Philosophical Transactions_. And many +others might be referred to; but all tending to prove that our numbers +came originally from China and India, through Persia, Arabia, Africa, +Spain, and Italy, by gradual and successive changes in form, several +of them still retaining a close resemblance to the ancient and modern +Sanscrit, Chinese, Arabic, Persian, and Hindoo numerals. + +Henry Wilkinson. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +I send you a few Notes on Queries scattered through some of the later +numbers of your very valuable publication: + +_Anonymous Ravennas_.--In the library of the Royal Geographical +Society, I believe there is a copy of an 8vo. edition of that +cosmography. + +_Selago_.--This plant, I should think it probable, is the _Lycopodium +clavatum_ of modern botanists; the seeds of which, when ripe, and when +the plant is struck, rise like smoke ("fumum" of Pliny), and may have +been supposed, from their remarkable inflammability when dashed into +a flame, igniting with a sudden flash, to have possessed wonderful +virtues. The species known as _Lycopodium selago_ is rare in +comparison to the other. + +_Portugal_.--In the library of the Geographical Society are some of +the more recent works published in Lisbon on the topography of that +country, but they are generally very meagre and unsatisfactory. In a +periodical published in Lisbon in numbers, on the plan of the _Penny +Magazine_, there is a good deal of information, with engravings, +regarding many places of interest in Portugal. I think it is called +_The Album_, but I am sorry I have not at present the power of sending +you more correct particulars concerning it. It is in 4to. + +Portugal is a country that is so little travelled in either by natives +or foreigners, that information regarding places in the interior +is not easily obtained; and facilities for travelling, as well as +accommodation for travellers, is of a very limited description. + +_Sir Roger de Coverley_.--In one of your early numbers was a query on +this subject, which I do not think has been yet answered. I have a MS. +{369} account of the family of Calverley, of Calverley, in Yorkshire, +an autograph of Ralph Thoresby in the year 1717, in which occurs the +following passage:-- + + "_Roger_, so named from the Archbishop" (of York), "was + a person of renowned hospitality, since, at this day, the + obsolete known tune of _Roger a Calverley_ is referred to + him, who, according to the custom of those times, kept his + _minstrells_, from that their office named _harpers_, which + became a family and possessed lands till late years in and + about _Calverley_, called to this day _Harpersroids_ and + _Harper's Spring_.... He was a knight, and lived in the time + of K. Richard 1st. His seal, appended to one of his charters, + is large, with a chevalier on horseback." + +W. CALVERLEY TREVELYAN. + + * * * * * + +DERIVATIONS OF "NEWS." + +It is not declared with what motive "Mr. GUTCH" (No. 17. p. 270.) has +laid before the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" the alleged derivation +of N.E.W.S. + +It must therefore be supposed, that his object was to have its +justness and probability commented upon; and it is quite time that +they should be so, since the derivation in question has of late become +quite a favourite authoritative dictum with etymology compilers. +Thus it may be found, in the very words and form adopted by your +correspondent, in Haydn's _Dictionary of Dates_, and in other +authorities of equal weight. + +This sort of initial-letter derivation was probably brought into +fashion in England by the alleged origin of "Cabal," or, perhaps, by +the many guesses at the much disputed word "AEra." I shall take the +liberty of quoting a few sentences with reference to such etymologies, +_as a class_, which I find in an unpublished manuscript upon a kindred +subject. + + "Besides, such a splitting up of a word of significant and + perfect meaning in itself is always a bad and suspicious mode + of derivation. + + "It is generally an after-thought, suggested by some + fortuitous or fancied coincidence, that appropriateness of + which is by no means a sufficient proof of probability. + + "Of this there can scarcely be a better example than the + English word 'news,' which, notwithstanding the felicity of + its supposed derivation from the four cardinal points, must, + nevertheless, so long as the corresponding words 'nova,' + 'nouvelles,' &c. exist, be consigned to its more sober and + common-place origin in the adjective '_new_.'" + +To this it must be added that the ancient orthography of the word +_newes_, completely upsets the derivation Mr. Gutch has brought before +your readers. Hone quotes from "one Burton, printed in 1614: 'if any +one read now-a-days, it is a play-book, or _a pamphlet_ of _newes_." + +I had been in two minds whether or not to send this communication, +when the scale is completely turned by the apropos occurrence of a +corroboration of this latter objection in "NOTES AND QUERIES" of this +day. Mr. Rimbault mentions (at p. 277.), "a rare black letter volume +entitled _Newes from Scotland_, 1591." + +Here is one more proof of the usefulness of your publication, that I +am thus enabled to strengthen the illustration of a totally different +subject by the incidental authority of a fellow correspondent. + +A.E.B. + +Leeds, March, 1850. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Swot_ is, as the querist supposes, a military cant term, and +a sufficiently vulgar one too. It originated at the great +slang-manufactory for the army, the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. +You may depend upon the following account of it, which I had many +years ago from the late Thomas Leybourne, F.R.S., Senior Professor of +Mathematics in that college. + +One of the Professors, Dr. William Wallace, in addition to his being a +Scotchman, had a bald head, and an exceedingly "broad Scotch" accent, +besides a not very delicate discrimination in the choice of his +English terms relating to social life. It happened on one hot summer's +day, nearly half a century ago, that he had been teaching a class, +and had worked himself into a considerable effusion from the skin. He +took out his handkerchief, rubbed his head and forehead violently, and +exclaimed in his Perthshire dialect,--"_It maks one swot_." This was +a God-send to the "gentlemen cadets," wishing to achieve a notoriety +as wits and slangsters; and mathematics generally ever after became +_swot_, and mathematicians _swots_. I have often heard it said:--"I +never could do _swot_ well, Sir;" and "these dull fellows, the +_swots_, can talk of nothing but triangles and equations." + +I should have thought that the _sheer disgustingness_ of the +idea would have shut the word out of the vocabularies of English +_gentlemen_. It remains nevertheless a standard term in the vocabulary +of an English soldier. It is well, at all events, that future ages +should know its etymology. + +T.S.D. + + +_Pokership_, (_ante_, pp. 185. 218. 269. 282. 323, 324.)--I am sorry +to see that no progress has yet been made towards a satisfactory +explanation of this office. I was in hopes that something better than +mere conjecture would have been supplied from the peculiar facilities +of "T.R.F." "W.H.C." (p. 323.) has done little more than refer to the +same instruments as had been already adverted to by me in p. 269., +with the new reading {370} of _poulterer_ for poker! With repect to +"T.R.F.'s" conjecture, I should be more ready to accept it if he +could produce a single example of the word _pawker_, in the sense of +a hog-warden. The quotation from the Pipe-roll of John is founded on +a mistake. The entry occurs in other previous rolls, and is there +clearly explained to refer to the _porter of Hereford Castle_. Thus, +in Pipe 2 Hen. II. and 3 Hen. II. we have, under Hereford, + + "In liberatione portarii castelli ... 30s. 5d." + +In Pipe 1 Ric. I. we have, + + "In liberatione constituta portarii de Hereford, 30s. 5d." + +Again, in Pipe 3 Joh. + + "In liberatione constituta portario de Hereford, 30s. 5d." + +A similar entry is to be found in other rolls, as well printed as +inedited. I could indulge some other criticisms on the communication +of your correspondent in Spring Gardens, but I prefer encouraging +him to make further inquiries, and to produce from the records in +his custody some more satisfactory solution of the difficulty. In the +meantime, let me refer to a Survey of Wrigmore Castle in the Lansdowne +Collection, No. 40. fo. 82. The surveyor there reports, that the +paling, rails, &c. of the park are much decayed in many and sundry +places, and he estimates the repairs, with allowance of timber from +the wood there, "by good surveye and oversight of the _poker_ and +other officers of the said parke," at 4l. The date of the survey is 13 +May, 1584. + +Comparing this notice of the office with the receiver's accounts +tempore Hen. VII. and Hen. VIII. (_ante_, p. 269.), in which the +officer is called "pocarius omnium boscorum," I cannot doubt that his +duty, or at least one of his duties, was that of woodward, and that, +as such, he assigned timber for repair of the premises. How he came by +his local title and style of poker is a mystery on which we have all +hitherto failed to throw any light. + +E.S. + + +_Vox Populi Vox Dei_,--about the origin of which saying "QUAESITOR" +asks (No. 21. p. 321.),--were the words chosen by the Archbishop of +Canterbury, Simon Mepham, as his text for the sermon which he preached +when Edward III. was called to the throne, from which the nation had +pulled down his father, Edward II. This we learn from Walsingham, who +says: + + "Archiepiscopus vero Cantuariae praesenti consensit electioni, + ut omnes praelati et archiepiscopus quidem assumpto themate, + _Vox populi Vox Dei_, sermonem fecit populo, exhortans + omnes ut apud regem regum intercederent pro electo."--Tho. + Walsingham, _Hist. Angl._ ed. Camden, p. 126. + +DANIEL ROCK. + + +_A living Dog better than a dead Lion_.--I no not know whether your +correspondent (No. 22. p. 352.) ever goes to church; but if he is not +prevented by rain next St. Swithin's day, he will learn who was the +author of this proverb. It will be a good thing, if your work should +sometimes lead your readers to search the Scriptures, and give them +credit for wisdom that has flowed from them so long, and far, and +wide, that its source is forgotten; but this is not the place for a +sermon, and I now only add, "here endeth the first lesson" from + +ECCLESIASTES. + + ["J.E.," "D.D.," and other correspondents, have also replied + to this Query by references to Eccl. ix. 4.] + + +_Curious Monumental Brass_ (No. 16. p. 247.)--If "RAHERE" will turn to +Mr. Boutell's _Monumental Brasses and Slabs_, p. 148., he will there +find a description as well as an engraving of what, from his account, +I doubt not he will discover to be the identical fragment to which he +refers. A foot legend, and what remains of a border inscription, is +added to it. In the above work, pp. 147 to 155, and in the Oxford +Architectural Society's _Manual for the Study of Brasses_, p. 15., +"RAHERE" will find an account and references to numerous examples of +palimpsest brasses, to which class the one in question belongs. + +I presume that "RAHERE" is a young brass-rubber, or the fact of a +plate being engraved on both sides would have presented no difficulty +to him. + +ARUN. + + [We have received several other replies to this Query, + referring to Mr. Boutell's _Monumental Brasses_: one from + "W."; another from "A CORNISHMAN," who says,-- + + "The brass in question, when I saw it last, had been + removed from the Rectory and placed in the tomb of Abbot + Wheathampstead, in company with the famous one of Thomas + Delamere, another Abbot of St. Albans." + + Another from "E.V.," who states,-- + + "Other examples are found at St. Margaret's, Rochester (where + the cause of the second engraving is found to be an error in + costume in the first), St. Martins at Plain, Norwich, Hedgerly + Church, Bucks, and Burwell Church, Cambridgeshire. Of this + last, an engraving and description, by Mr. A.W. Franks, + is given in the fourteenth part of the Publications of the + Cambridge Antiquarian Society." + + One from "WILLIAM SPARROW SIMPSON," who says,-- + + "It is also described in the Oxford Architectural Society's + _Manual of Mon. Brasses_, No. 6. pp. 6, 7. other examples of + which occur at Rochester, Kent, and at Cobham, Surrey. A small + plate of brass, in the possession of a friend, has on one side + a group of children, and on the reverse the uplifted hands of + an earlier figure." + + And lastly, one from "A.P.H." (to which we cannot do ample + justice, as we do not keep an engraver), from which we extract + the following passages:-- + + "A friend of mine has a shield in his possession, taken from + a slab, and which has been enamelled. It is of late date + and rudely executed. On the back is {371} seen the hands and + breast of a small female figure, very nearly a century earlier + in date. I can also remember an inscription in Cuxton Church, + Kent, which was loose, and had another inscription on the back + in the same manner. + + "I am very much impressed with the idea that the destroyed + brasses never had been used at all; but had been engraved, + and then, from circumstances that of course we cannot hope to + fathom, thrown on one side till the metal might be used for + some other purpose. This, I think, is a more probable, as well + as a more charitable explanation than the one usually given of + the so-called palimpsest brasses."] + + +_Chapels_ (No. 20. p. 333.).--As to the origin of the name, will you +allow me to refer Mr. Gatty to Ducange's _Glossary_, where he will +find much that is to his purpose. + +As to its being "a legal description," I will not undertake to +give an opinion without a fee; but I will mention a fact which may +assist him in forming one. I believe that fifty years ago the word +_Chapel_ was very seldom used among those who formed what was termed +the "Dissenting Interest;" that is, the three "denominations" of +Independents, Baptists, and Presbyterians. But I well recollect +hearing, from good authority, nearly, or quite, forty years ago, that +an eminent barrister (whom I might now describe as a late learned +judge), who was much looked up to by the dissenters as one of their +body, had particularly advised that in all trust-deeds relating to +places of dissenting worship, they should be called "Chapels." I do +not know that he assigned any reason, but I know that the opinion was +given, or communicated, to those who had influence; and, from my own +observation, I believe that from about that time we must date the +adoption of the term, which has now been long in general use. + +I do not imagine that there was any idea of either assistance +or opposition to the Church of England, in the mind of him who +recommended, or those who adopted, the alteration, or that either +of them expected or sought any thing by this measure but to obtain +a greater security for property, or, rather, to avoid some real +or imagined insecurity, found or supposed to attach to the form of +description previously in use. + +A BARRISTER. + + +_Forlot, Forthlot_ (No. 20. p. 320.).--A measure of grain used +throughout Scotland at present--query _fourthlot_. See Jamieson's +_Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language_. + + "_Firlot; Fyrlot; Furlet_.--A corn measure in S., the fourth + part of a boll. + + "Thay ordainit the boll to mat victual with, to be devidit + in foure partis, _videlicet_, foure _fyrlottis_ to contene + a boll; and that _fyrlot_ not to be maid efter the first + mesoure, na efter the mesoure now usit, bot in middill mesoure + betwixt the twa."--_Acts Jac._ l. 1526. c. 80. edit. 1566. + + "--Ane furme, ane furlet, + Ane pott, ane pek." + + Bannatyne _Poems_, p. 159. + +Skinner derives it from A.-S. _feower_, quatuor; and _lot_, _hlot_, +portio (the fourth part); Teut. "_viertel_." + +J.S. + + +_Loscop_ (No. 20. p. 319).--To be "Louecope-free" is one of the +immunities granted to the Cinque Ports in their charters of Liberties. + +Jeakes explains the term thus:-- + + "The Saxon word Cope (in Low Dutch still Kope or Koope), for + trade or merchandising, makes this as much as to trade freely + for love. So that by no kind of monopoly patent, or company or + society of traders or merchants, the portsmen be hindered from + merchandising; but freely and for love, be permitted to trade + and traffick, even by such company of merchants, whenever it + shall happen their concerns lie together." + +In my MSS., and in the print of Jeakes, it is "Louecope," with which +"Lofcope" may be readily identified; and _f_ may easily be misread for +_s_, especially if the roll be obscured. + +If Jeakes's etymology of the word be correct, the inference would +rather be that "Lovecope" was a tax for the goodwill of the port +at which a merchant vessel might arrive; a "port duty" in fact, +independent of "lastage" &c., chargeable upon every trader that +entered the port, whatever her cargo might be. And the immunities +granted to the portsmen were that they should be "port duty free." + +I do not venture to offer this as any thing more than a mere guess. +Among your contributors there are many more learned than myself in +this branch of antiquarian lore, who will probably be able to give +a more correct interpretation, and we shall feel obliged for any +assistance that they can give us in elucidating the question. + +"Lovecope" might perhaps be the designation of the association of +merchants itself, to which Jeakes alludes; and the liberty of forming +such association, with powers of imposing port duties, may have been +dependent on special grant to any port by royal charter, such as that +which forms the subject of your correspondent's communication. + +After all, perhaps, "Lovecope" was the word for an association of +merchants; and "Louecope-free" is to be freed from privileged taxation +by this body. + +L.B.L. + + +_Smelling of the Lamp_ (No. 21. p. 335.).--"X." will find the +expression [Greek: Illuchnion ozein] attributed to Pytheas by Plutarch +(_Vit. Demosth._, c. 8.). + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + + +_Anglo-Saxon MS. of Orosius_ (No. 20. p. 313.).--It may gratify Mr. +Singer to be informed that the Lauderdale MS., formerly in the library +at Ham House, is now preserved, with several other {372} valuable +manuscripts and books, in the library at Helmingham Hall, Suffolk, the +seat of the Tollemache family. + +M. + + +_Golden Frog_.--Ingenious as is the suggestion of "R.R." (No. 18. p. +282.), that Sir John Poley stuck a golden frog in his ear from his +affection for _tadpoles_, I think "R.R.'s" "Rowley Poley" may be +dismissed with the "_gammon_ and spinach" of the amorous frog to which +he alludes. + +Conceiving that the origin of so singular a badge could hardly fail to +be commemorated by some tradition in the family, I have made inquiry +of one of Sir John Poley's descendants, and I regret to hear from him +that "they have no authentic tradition respecting it, but that they +have always believed that it had some connection with the service Sir +John rendered in the Low Countries, where he distinguished himself +much by his military achievements." To the Low Countries, then, the +land of frogs, we must turn for the solution of the enigma. + +Gastras. + +Cambridge, March 9. + + +_Sword of Charles I._--Mr. Planche inquires (No. 12. p. 183.), "When +did the real sword of Charles the First's time, which, but a few years +back, hung at the side of that monarch's equestrian figure at Charing +Cross, disappear?"--It disappeared about the time of the coronation +of Her present Majesty, when some scaffolding was erected about the +statue, which afforded great facilities for removing the rapier (for +such it was); and I always understood it found its way, by some means +or other, to the Museum, so called, of the notoriously frolicsome +Captain D----, where, in company with the wand of the Great Wizard of +the North, and other well-known articles, it was carefully labelled +and numbered, and a little account appended of the circumstances of +its acquisition and removal. + +John Street. + + [Surely then Burke was right, and the "Age of Chivalry is + past!"--Otherwise the idea of _disarming a statue_ would never + have entered the head of any Man of Arms, even in his most + frolicsome of moods.] + + +_John Bull_.--_Vertue MSS._--I always fancied that the familiar name +for our countrymen, about the origin of which "R.F.H." inquires (No. +21. p. 336.), was adopted from Swift's _History of John Bull_, first +printed in 1712; but I have no authority for saying so. + +If the Vertue MSS. alluded to (No. 20. p. 319.) were ever returned by +Mr. Steevens to Dr. Rawlinson, they may be in the Bodleian Library, to +which the Doctor left all his collections, including a large mass of +papers purchased by him long after Pepys' death, as he described it, +"Thus et odores vendentibus." + +These "_Pepys_ papers," as far as I can recollect, were very +voluminous, and relating to all sorts of subjects; but I saw them in +1824, and had only then time to examine and extract for publication +portions of the correspondence. + +Braybrooke. + +Audley End, March 25. + + +_Vertue's Manuscripts_.--The MS. quoted under this title by Malone +is printed entire, or rather all of it which refers to plays, by Mr. +Peter Cunningham, in the _Papers of the Shakspeare Society_, vol. ii. +p. 123., from an interleaved copy of Langbaine. Since the publication +of that paper, the entries relating to Shakspeare's plays have been +given from the original MS. in the Bodleian Library, in Halliwell's +_Life of Shakspeare_, p. 272. + +S.L. + + +_Vertue's MSS_. (No. 20. p. 319.) were in Horace Walpole's possession, +bought by him, I think, of Vertue's widow; and his _Anecdotes of +Painting_ were chiefly composed from them, as he states, with great +modesty, in his dedication and his preface. I do not see in the +Strawberry-Hill Catalogue any notice of "Vertue's MSS.," though some +vols. of his collection of engravings were sold. + +C. + + +_Lines attributed to Tom Brown_.--In a book entitled _Liber +Facetiarum, being a Collection of curious and interesting Anecdotes_, +published at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, by D. Akenhead & Sons, 1809, the +passage attributed to Tom Brown by your correspondent "J.T." is given +to Zacharias Boyd. + +The only reference given as authority for the account is the initials +H.B. + + "Zacharias Boyd, whose bust is to be seen over the entrance + to the Royal College in Glasgow, while Professor in that + university, translated the Old and New Testament into Scotch + Metre; and, from a laudable zeal to disseminate religious + knowledge among the lower classes of the community, is said to + have left a very considerable sum to defray the expense of the + said work, which, however, his executors never printed." + +After a few specimens, the account goes on + + "But the highest flight of his Muse appears in the following + _beautiful Alexandrine_: + + "And was not Pharaoh a saucy rascal? + That would not let the children of Israel, their wives + And their little ones, their flocks and their herds, go + Out into the wilderness forty days + To eat the Pascal. + + "H.B." + +Speaking of Zachariah Boyd, Granger says, (vol. ii. p. 379.): + + "His translation of the Scripture in such uncouth verse as to + amount to burlesque, has been often quoted, and the just fame + of a benefactor to learning has been obscured by that cloud + of miserable rhymes. Candour will smile at the foible, but + applaud the man. + + "Macure, in his account of Glasgow, p. 223., informs us he + lived in the reign of Charles I." + +H.I. + +Sheffield, March 9. 1850. {373} + + +_Passage in Frith's Works_ (No. 20. p. 319).--This passage should be +read, as I suppose, "Ab inferiori ad suum superius confuse distribui." + +It means that there would be confusion, if what is said distributively +or universally of the lower, should be applied distributively or +universally to the higher; or, in other words, if what is said +universally of a species, should be applied universally to the genus +that contains that and other species: e.g., properties that are +universally found in the human species will not be found universally +in the genus Mammalis, and universal properties of Mammalia wil not be +universal over the animal kingdom. + +T.J. + + +_Martins, the Louvain Printer_.--Your correspondent "W." (No. +12. p. 185.) is informed, that in Falkenstein's _Geschichte der +Buchdrucherkunst_ (Leipzig, 1840, p. 257.), Theoderich Martens, +printer in Louvain and Antwerp, is twice mentioned. I have no doubt +but this is the correct German form of the name. Mertens, by which he +was also known, may very possibly be the Flemish form. His Christian +name was also written Dierik, a short form of Dietrich, which, in its +turn, is the same as Theodorich. + +NORTHMAN. + + +_Master of the Revels_.--"DR. RIMBAULT" states (No. 14. p. 219.), that +Solomon Dayrolle was appointed Master of the Revels in 1744, but does +not know the date of his decease. It may be unknown to Dr. Rimbault, +that Solomon Dayrolle_s_ was an intimate friend and correspondent of +the great Lord Chesterfield: the correspondence continues from 1748 +to 1755 in the selection of Chesterfield's letters to which I am +referring. + +Dayrolles, during all that period, held a diplomatic appointment from +this country at the Hague. See Lord Chesterfield's letter to him of +the 22d Feb. 1748, where Lord C. suggests that by being cautious he +(Dayrolles) may be put _en train d'etre Monsieur l'Envoye_. + +In several of the letters Chesterfield warmly and familiarly commends +his hopeful son, Mr. Stanhope, to the care and attention of Dayrolles. + +I have not been able to ascertain when Dayrolles died, but the above +may lead to the discovery. + +W.H. LAMMIN. + + +_French Maxim_.--The French saying quoted by "R.V." is the 223rd +of _Les Reflexions morales du Duc de la Rochefoucauld_ (Pougin, +Paris, 1839). I feel great pleasure in being able to answer your +correspondent's query, as I hope that my reply may be the means of +introducing to his notice one of the most delightful authors that has +ever yet written: one who deserves far more attention than he appears +to receive from general readers in this degenerate age, and from whom +many of his literary successors have borrowed some of their brightest +thoughts. I need not go far for an illustration: + + "Praise undeserved, is scandal in disguise," + +is merely a condensation of, + + "Louer les princes des vertus qu'ils n'ont pas, c'est leur + dire impunement des injures."--La Rochefoucauld, Max. 327. + +I believe that Pope marks it as a _translation--a borrowed +thought--not as a quotation_. He has just before used the words "your +Majesty;" and I think the word "_scandal_" is employed "_consulto_," +and alludes to the offence known in English law as "scandalum +magnatum." Your correspondent will, of course, read the work in the +original; in fact, he _must_ do so _per force_. A good translation +of _Les Maximes_ is still a desideratum in English literature. I +have not yet seen one that could lay claim even to the meagre title +of mediocrity; although I have spared neither time nor pains in the +search. Should any of your readers have been more fortunate, I shall +feel obliged by their referring me to it. + +MELANION. + + +_Endeavour_.--I have just found the following instance of "endeavour" +used as an active verb, in Dryden's translation of Maimbourg's +_History of the League_, 1684. + + "On the one side the majestique House of Bourbon,... and on + the other side, that of two eminent families which endeavour'd + their own advancement by its destruction; the one is already + debas'd to the lowest degree, and the other almost reduc'd to + nothing."--p. 3. + +C. FORBES. + +Temple. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANIES. + +_Epigram by La Monnoye_.--It has been ingeniously said, that "Life is +an epigram, of which death is the point." Alas for human nature! good +points are rare; and no wonder, according to this wicked, but witty, + + EPIGRAM BY LA MONNOYE. + + The world of fools has such a store, + That he who would not see an ass, + Must bide at home, and bolt his door, + And break his looking glass. + +S.W.S. + +Mickleham, Dec. 10. 1849. + + +_Spur Money_.--Two or three years since, a party of sappers and miners +was stationed at Peterborough, engaged in the trigonometrical survey, +when the officer entered the cathedral with his spurs on, and was +immediately beset by the choristers, who demanded money of him for +treading the sacred floor with armed heels. Does any one know the +origin of this singular custom? I inquired of some of the dignitaries +of the Cathedral, but they were not aware even of its existence. The +boys, however, have more tenacious memories, at least where their +interest is concerned; but we must not look to them for the origin of +a {374} custom which appears to have long existed. In the _Memorials +of John Ray_, published by the Ray Society, p. 131., there is the +following entry in his second Itinerary:-- + + "July the 26th, 1661, we began our journey northwards from + Cambridge, and that day, passing through Huntingdon and + Stilton, we rode as far as Peterborough twenty-five miles. + There I first heard the Cathedral service. The choristers made + us pay money for coming into the choir with our spurs on." + +East Winch. + + [The following note from _The Book of the Court_ will serve + to illustrate the curious custom referred to by our + correspondent: + + "In _The Privy Purse Expenses of King Henry VIII._ edited by + Sir Harris Nicolas, there occur several entries of payments + made to the choristers of Windsor 'in rewarde for the king's + spurs'; which the editor supposes to mean 'money paid to + redeem the king's spurs, which had become the fee of the + choristers at Windsor, perhaps at installations, or at the + annual celebration of St. George's feast.' No notice of the + subject occurs in Ashmole's or Anstis's _History of the Order + of the Garter_. Mr. Markland, quoting a note to Gifford's + edition of Ben Jonson, vol. ii. p. 49., says, 'In the time + of Ben Jonson, in consequence of the interruptions to Divine + Service occasioned by the ringing of the spurs worn by persons + walking and transacting business in cathedrals, and especially + in St. Paul's, a small fine was imposed on them, called + "spur-money," the exaction of which was committed to the + beadles and singing-boys.' This practice, and to which, + probably, the items in Henry's household-book bear reference, + still obtains, or, at least, did till very lately, in the + Chapel Royal and other choirs. Our informant himself claimed + the penalty, in Westminster Abbey, from Dr. Fisher, Bishop of + Rochester, and received from him an eighteenpenny bank token + as the fine. He likewise claimed the penalty from the King + of Hanover (then Duke of Cumberland), for entering the choir + of the Abbey in his spurs. But His Royal Highness, who had + been installed there, excused himself with great readiness, + pleading 'his right to wear his spurs in that church, inasmuch + as it was the place where they were first put on him!'--See + further, _European Mag._, vol. iii. p. 16."] + + * * * * * + +MINIMUM DE MALIS. + +(_FROM THE LATIN OF BUCHANAN._) + + Calenus owed a single pound, which yet + With all my dunning I could never get. + Tired of fair words, whose falsehood I foresaw, + I hied to Aulus, learned in the law. + He heard my story, bade me "Never fear, + There was no doubt--no case could be more clear:-- + He'd do the needful in the proper place, + And give his best attention to the case." + And this he may have done--for it appears + To have been his business for the last ten years, + Though on his pains ten times ten pounds bestow'd + Have not regain'd that one Calenus owed. + Now, fearful lest this unproductive strife + Consume at once my fortune and my life, + I take the only course I can pursue, + And shun my debtor and my lawyer too. + I've no more hope from promises or laws, + And heartily renounce both debt and cause-- + But if with either rogue I've more to do, + I'll surely choose my debtor of the two; + For though I credit not the lies he tells, + At least he _gives_ me what the other _sells_. + +Rufus. + + * * * * * + +_Epigram on Louis XIV._--I find the following epigram among some old +papers. The emperor would be Leopold I., the king Louis XIV. + +_Epigram by the Emperor, 1666, and the King of France._ + + Bella fugis, sequeris bellas, pugnaeque repugnas, + Et bellatori sunt tibi bella tori. + Imbelles imbellis amas, totusque videris + Mars ad opus Veneris, Martis ad arma Venus. + +J.H.L. + + +_Macaulay's Young Levite._--I met, the other day with a rather curious +confirmation of a passage in Macaulay's _History of England_, which +has been more assailed perhaps than any other. + +In his character of the clergy, Macaulay says, they frequently +married domestics and retainers of great houses--a statement which has +grievously excited the wrath of Mr. Babington and other champions. +In a little book, once very popular, first published in 1628, with +the title _Microcosmographie, or a Piece of the World discovered_, +and which is known to have been written by John Earle, after the +Restoration Bishop of Worcester and then of Salisbury, is the +following passage. It occurs in what the author calls a character of +"a young raw preacher." + + "You shall know him by his narrow velvet cape and serge + facing, and his ruffe, next his hire, the shortest thing + about him.... His friends, and much painefulnesse, may + preferre him to thirtie pounds a yeere, and this meanes, to + a chamber-maide: with whom we leave him now in the bonds of + wedlocke. Next Sunday you shall have him againe." + +The same little book contains many very curious and valuable +illustrations of contemporary manners, especially in the universities. + +That the usage Macaulay refers to was not uncommon, we find from a +passage in the _Woman-Hater_, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1607), Act +III. Sc. 3. + +Lazarillo says, + + "Farewell ye courtly chaplains that be there! + All good attend you! May you never more + Marry your patron's lady's waiting-woman!" + +I.T. + +Trin. Coll. Camb., March 16. 1850. {375} + + +_St. Martin's Lane_.--The first building leases of St. Martin's Lane +and the adjacent courts accidentally came under my notice lately. +They are dated in 1635 and 1636, and were granted by the then Earl of +Bedford. + +Arun. + + * * * * * + +CHARLES DEERING, M.D. + +"Author of the Catalogue of Plants in the neighbourhood of Nottingham. +'Catalogus Stirpium, &c., or a Catalogue of Plants naturally growing +and commonly cultivated in divers parts of England, and especially +about Nottingham,' 8vo. Nottingh. 1738. + +"He was in the suite of the English ambassador to Russia, returned and +practised physic in London married unfortunately, buried his wife, +and then went to Nottingham, where he lived several years. During +his abode there he wrote a small _Treatise on the Small Pocks_, this +_Catalogue of Plants_, and the _History of Nottingham_, the materials +for which John Plumtre, Esq. of Nottingham, was so obliging as to +assist him with. He also was paid 40l. by a London bookseller for +adding 20,000 words to an English dictionary. He was master of seven +languages, and in 1746 he was favoured with a commission in the +Nottinghamshire Foot, raised at that time. Soon after died, and was +buried in St. Peter's Churchyard. + +"William Ayscough, father of the printer of this _Catalogus Stirpium_ +(G. Ayscough), in 1710, first introduced the art of printing at +Nottingham. + +"Mr. White was the same year the first printer at Newcastle-upon-Tyne; +and Mr. Dicey at Northampton."--_MS. Note in the Copy of the Cat. +Stirpium, in the Library of the British Museum_. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC. + +Our advertising columns already show some of the good results of the +_Exhibition of the Works of Ancient and Mediaeval Art_. Mr. Williams +announced last week his _Historic Reliques_, to be etched by +himself. Mr. Cundall has issued proposals for _Choice Examples of Art +Workmanship_; and, lastly, we hear that an _Illustrated Catalogue +of the Exhibition_, prepared by Mr. Franks, the zealous Honorary +Secretary of the Committee, and so arranged as to form a _History of +Art_, may be expected. We mention these for the purpose of inviting +our friends to contribute to the several editors such information as +they may think likely to increase the value of the respective works. + +The second edition of our able correspondent, Mr. Peter Cunningham's +_Handbook of London_, is on the eve of publication. + +There are few of our readers but will be glad to learn from +the announcement in a previous column, that the edition of the +_Wickliffite Versions of the Scriptures_, upon which Sir Frederick +Madden and his fellow labourers have been engaged for a period of +twenty years, is just completed. It forms, we believe, three quarto +volumes. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson lately disposed of a most select and +interesting collection of autograph letters. We unfortunately did not +receive the catalogue in time to notice it, which we the more regret, +because, like all their catalogues of autographs, it was drawn up with +amateur-like intelligence and care; so as to make it worth preserving +as a valuable record of materials for our history and biography. + +We have received the following Catalogues of Books:--No. XXV. of +Thomas Cole's (15. Great Turnstile): No. 2. for 1850, of William +Heath's (291/2 Lincoln's Inn Fields); and No. 15. of Bernard Quarritch's +(16. Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue of Oriental and +Foreign Books. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE + +(_IN CONTINUATION OF LISTS IN FORMER NOS._) + +Mills, Rev. Isaac, of Highcleer--Account of the Life and Conversation +of, with a Sermon, 8vo., 1721. + +Mykur Hazem, by Marcus, London, 1846. + +Poems by a Bornnatural, 1849. + +_ODD VOLUMES_. + +Proceedings of the Philological Society. Vol. I. + +Richardson's Correspondence, Vol. I. of the Six-Volume Ed. + +Todd's Johnson's Dictionary, 4to., 1819. (Part X. containing Title, +Preface, &c.) + +Partington's British Cyclopaedia--That portion of Natural History which +follows Vol. I. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, +to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet +Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +Burning for Treason.--Can the Correspondent who furnished us with +a curious Note upon this subject favour us with a copy of it, the +original having been accidentally mislaid? + +We are again compelled, from want of space, to omit many curious +and interesting articles; and, after this statement, must beg our +kind friends at Leeds, Brompton, &c., who complain of delay in the +insertion of their communications, to do us the favour to refer to the +notice on this very subject which appeared in our early numbers. + +Notes and Queries may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday: +so that our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in +receiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably +not yet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive +Copies in their Saturday parcels. Part V. is now ready. + + * * * * *{376} + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, + +No. CLXXII. is Published This Day. + + CONTENTS: + I. GIACOMO LEOPARDI AND HIS WRITINGS. + II. RANKE'S HOUSE OF BRANDENBURG. + III. QUEEN'S COLLEGE, LONDON. + IV. GROTE'S HISTORY OF GREECE. + V. URQUHART'S PILLARS OF HERCULES. + VI. FACTS IN FIGURES. + VII. THE DUTIFUL SON. + VIII. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF LONDON. + IX. BAXTER'S IMPRESSIONS OF EUROPE. + X. LORD LIEUTENANT CLARENDON. + XI. LOUIS PHILIPPE. + +John Murray, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + +NEARLY READY. + +[Illustration: CHOICE EXAMPLES OF ART WORKMANSHIP Selected from the +Exhibition of ANCIENT AND MEDIAEVAL ART at the Society of Arts] + +A Prospectus, containing a Specimen of the Illustrations, will be sent +on receipt of two postage stamps. + +Joseph Cundall, 21. Old Bond Street. + + * * * * * + +MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF ANCIENT AND MODERN BOOKS.--NUMBER FOUR is ready +this day, and can be had Gratis, and sent, if required, Postage Free. +Address, John Miller, 43, Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square. This List +embraces numerous valuable and interesting Books on English Poetry, +the Drama, History, Biography, Voyages and Travels, &c., with the +works of a few of the best Continental writers, a selection of +Pictorial Books of Scenery, Costume, Topography, and Drawing-room +Table Books. + +Also, on forwarding Four Postage Stamps, JOHN MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF +BOOKS FOR THE PAST QUARTER may be had stitched in a wrapper, with +a Table of Contents, showing at one glance the range of subjects +embraced, amongst which may be enumerated the following, viz., +America, Angling, Banking and Currency, Coins, Dictionaries, +Drawing-books, Games, Sports, &c., Heraldry, Genealogy and Family +History, Ireland, its History and Literature, Kent, its History and +Topography, Law, Music, its History and Theory, Painting and the Fine +Arts, Shakspeariana, and a variety of other branches of Literature +comprised in upwards of 1500 articles. + +John Miller, 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square. + + * * * * * + +THE ANGLO-SAXON, for April, Price 2s. 6d. or 3s. post-free, contains +England and her Colonies: County Colonisation, with Maps--English +Church Music--Christian Architecture--London: a Poem, Essay II.--The +Alfred Medals: Three Sonnets, by Martin F. Tupper--Anglo-Saxon +Literature: the Jubilee Edition of King Alfred's Works, with Specimens +and Translations--Wives and Mothers--Anglo-Saxon Colonies: Victoria, +Cooksland, Port Essington, (Papua--Timor)--Original Ballads. + +The ANGLO-SAXON for 1849 forms a handsome volume, price One Guinea. + +London: T. Bosworth, 215. Regent Street. + + * * * * * + +Published every Saturday, price 3d., or stamped, 4d., also in Monthly +Parts. Part V. (for March), price 1s. 3d., now ready. + +NOTES AND QUERIES: a Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, +Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, &c. + +The attention of Publishers and Booksellers is particularly +requested to this Periodical as a medium for advertising. 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The + Editor exhibits a phalanx of eminent assistants. * * There can + be no doubt of the value of a Literary Medium of this peculiar + kind."--_Athenaeum_. + + "We like the plan much. * * We wish success to a + publication which promises to be agreeable, intelligent, and + useful."--_Literary Gazette_. + + "We feel great pleasure in welcoming into the literary + world this publication, which promises to fill up a void + that has constantly been lamented by every person engaged + in any particular branch of study that required experience + and research. * * It is a publication in which all literary + persons must feel a deep interest, and that has our heartiest + wishes for its success."--_Morning Herald_. + + "This is a new periodical, with a new idea, and one that + deserves and will be sure to receive encouragement amongst + scholars and readers really deserving that appellation. * * + It is a capital idea; and every one who makes Notes or has + Queries should buy it and contribute to it."--_Weekly News_. + + "That valuable publication The Notes and Queries, so + auspiciously commenced."--_New Bell's Messenger_. + + "With whomsoever the idea of publishing this useful and + interesting periodical first originated, that person is + entitled to the thanks of every author, antiquary, and + scholar, in the United Kingdom. * * We recommend, in all + sincerity, The Notes and Queries to the attention of lovers + of literature in general."--_Morning Post_. + +London: George Bell, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, Parts 13 and 14, imperial quarto. Price 3_s._ +each, tinted 4s. + +RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE, from Drawings by John +Johnson, Architect, F.S.A., Lithographed by Alfred Newman. + +Contents, Part 13:--Hawton Church; Notts.--St. Mary's, +Stamford--Aldwinkle, All Saints, Northamptonshire-Wellingborough +Church, Northamptonshire. + +Part 14--Skelton Church, from the South-East and South-West--Rye +House, Herts.--Holbeach Church, Lincolnshire. + +This Work is intended to embrace a series of examples of +Ecclesiastical, Collegiate, and Domestic Architecture. It will be +completed in Twenty Monthly Parts, price 3s. each, tinted 4s. + +London: George Bell, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Preparing for immediate Publication, in 2 vols. small octavo. + +THE FOLK-LORE OF ENGLAND. By William J. Thoms, F.S.A., Secretary +of the Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays and +Legends of all Nations," &c. One object of the present work is to +furnish new contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; +and especially some of the more striking illustrations of the subject +to be found in the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental +Antiquaries. + +Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and +Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and +will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed +to the care of Mr. Bell, Office of "Notes and Queries," 186. Fleet +Street. + + * * * * * + +Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. +New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; +and published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish +of St. Dunstan in The West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. +186. 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