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diff --git a/old/12198.txt b/old/12198.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..042516b --- /dev/null +++ b/old/12198.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2505 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 22., Saturday, March +30, 1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries, No. 22., Saturday, March 30, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: April 29, 2004 [EBook #12198] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 22 *** + + + + +Produced by Jon Ingram, Internet Library of Early Journals, William +Flis, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + + +NO. 22., SATURDAY, MARCH 30. 1850. [Price Threepence. Stamped +Edition, 4d.] + + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- Pages + The Taming of the Shrew, by Samuel Hickson + Proverbial Sayings and their Origins + William Basse and his Poems + Folk Lore:--Something else about Salting. Norfolk Weather Proverb, + Irish Medical Charms. Death-bed Superstitions + Note on Herodotus by Dean Swift + Herrick's Hesperides, by J.M. Gutch + +QUERIES:-- + Rev. Dr. Thomlinson 350 + Minor Queries:--"A" or "An"--The Lucky have whole Days--Line quoted + by De Quincey--Bishop Jewel's Papers--Allusion in Friar Brackley's + Sermon--Quem Deus Vult perdere--Snow of Chicksand Priory--The + Bristol Riots--A living Dog better than a dead Lion--American + Bittern--Inquisition in Mexico--Masters of St. Cross--Etymology of + "Dalston"--"Brown Study"--Coal-Brandy--Swot + +REPLIES:-- + The Dodo, by S.W. Singer + Watching the Sepulchre, by Rev. Dr. Rock, and E.V. + Poem by Sir E. Dyer + Robert Crowley, by Rev. Dr. Maitland + Replies to Minor Queries:--John Ross Mackay--Shipster--Gourders-- + Rococo--God tempers the Wind--Guildhalls--Treatise of Equivocation-- + Judas Bell--Grummet + +MISCELLANIES:-- + Duke of Monmouth--To Philautus--Junius--Arabic Numerals + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Books and Odd Volumes wanted + Notices to Correspondents + Advertisements + + + + +THE TAMING OF THE SHREW. + +In two former communications on a subject incidental to that to which +I now beg leave to call your attention, I hinted at a result far more +important than the discovery of the author of the _Taming of a Shrew_. +That result I lay before your readers, in stating that I think I can +show grounds for the assertion that the _Taming of the Shrew_, by +Shakspeare, is the _original_ play; and that the _Taming of a Shrew_, +by Marlowe or what other writer soever, is a _later_ work, and an +_imitation_. I must first, however, state, that having seen Mr. Dyce's +edition of Marlowe, I find that this writer's claim to the latter +work had already been advanced by an American gentleman, in a work so +obvious for reference as Knight's _Library Edition of Shakspeare_. I +was pretty well acquainted with the contents of Mr. Knight's _first_ +edition; and knowing that the subsequent work of Mr. Collier contained +nothing bearing upon the point, I did not think of referring to an +edition published, as I understood, rather for the variation of form +than on account of the accumulation of new matter. Mr. Dyce appears to +consider the passages cited as instances of imitation, and not proofs +of the identity of the writer. His opinion is certainly entitled to +great respect: yet it may, nevertheless, be remarked, first that the +instance given, supposing Marlowe not to be the author, would be cases +of theft rather than imitation, and which, done on so large a scale, +would scarcely be confined to the works of one writer; and, secondly, +that in original passages there are instances of an independence and +vigour of thought equal to the best things that Marlowe ever wrote--a +circumstance not to be reconciled with the former supposition. The +following passage exhibits a freedom of thought more characteristic of +this writer's reputation than are most of his known works:-- + + "And custom-free, you marchants shall commerce + And interchange the profits of your land, + Sending you gold for brasse, silver for lead, + Casses of silke for packes of wol and cloth, + To bind this friendship and confirme this league." + + _Six Old Plays_, p. 204. + +A short account of the process by which I came to a conclusion which, +if established, must overthrow so many ingenious theories, will not, +I trust, be uninteresting to your readers. In the relationship between +these two plays there always seemed to be something which needed +explanation. It was the only instance among the works of Shakspeare in +which a direct copy, even to matters of detail, appeared to have been +made; and, in spite of all attempts to gloss over and palliate, it +was impossible to deny that an unblushing act of mere piracy seemed +to have been committed, of which I never could bring myself to believe +that Shakspeare had been guilty. The readiness to impute this act to +him was to me but an instance of the unworthy manner in which he had +almost universally been treated; and, without at the time having any +suspicion of what I now take to be the fact, {346} I determined, if +possible, to find it out. The first question I put to myself was, Had +Shakspeare himself any concern in the older play? A second glance +at the work sufficed for an answer in the negative. I next asked +myself on what authority we called it an "older" play. The answer I +found myself obliged to give was, greatly to my own surprise, On no +authority whatever! But there was still a difficulty in conceiving +how, with Shakspeare's work before him, so unscrupulous an imitator +should have made so poor an imitation. I should not have felt this +difficulty had I then recollected that the play in question was not +published; but, as the case stood, I carefully examined the two plays +together, especially those passages which were identical, or nearly +so, in both, and noted, in these cases, the minutest variations. The +result was, that I satisfied myself that the original conception was +invariably to be found in Shakspeare's play. I have confirmed this +result in a variety of ways, which your space will not allow me to +enter upon; therefore, reserving such circumstances for the present +as require to be enforced by argument, I will content myself with +pointing out certain passages that bear out my view. I must first, +however, remind your readers that while some plays, from their +worthlessness, were never printed, some were withheld from the press +on account of their very value; and of this latter class were the +works of Shakspeare. The late publication of his works created the +impression, not yet quite worn out, of his being a later writer than +many of his contemporaries, solely because their printed works are +dated earlier by twenty or thirty years. But for the obstinate effects +of this impression, it is difficult to conceive how any one could miss +the original invention of Shakspeare in the induction, and such scenes +as that between Grumio and the tailor; the humour of which shines, +even in the feeble reflection of the imitation, in striking contrast +with those comic(?) scenes which are the undisputed invention of the +author of the _Taming of a Shrew_. + +The first passage I take is from Act IV. Sc. 3. + + "_Grumio_. Thou hast fac'd many _things_? + + "_Tailor_. I have. + + "_Gru._ Face not me: thou hast brav'd many men; brave not me. + I will neither be fac'd nor brav'd." + +In this passage there is a play upon the terms "fac'd" and "brav'd." +In the tailor's sense, "things" may be "fac'd" and "men" may be +"brav'd;" and, by means of this play, the tailor is entrapped into an +answer. The imitator, having probably seen the play represented, has +carried away the words, but by transposing them, and with the change +of one expression--"men" for "things"--has lost the spirit: there is +a pun no longer. He might have played upon "brav'd," but there he +does not wait for the tailor's answer; and "fac'd," as he has it, can +be understood but in one sense, and the tailor's admission becomes +meaningless. The passage is as follows:-- + + "_Saudre_. Dost thou hear, tailor? thou hast brav'd many men; + brave not me. Th'ast fac'd many men. + + "_Tailor_. Well, Sir? + + "_Saudre_. Face not me; I'll neither be fac'd nor brav'd at + thy hands, I can tell thee."--p. 198. + +A little before, in the same scene, Grumio says, "Master, if ever I +said loose-bodied gown, sew me in the skirts of it, and beat me to +death with a bottom of brown thread." I am almost tempted to ask if +passages such as this be not evidence sufficient. In the _Taming of +a Shrew_, with the variation of "sew me in a _seam_" for "sew me in +_the skirts of it_," the passage is also to be found; but who can +doubt the whole of this scene to be by Shakspeare, rather than by the +author of such scenes, intended to be comic, as one referred to in my +last communication (No. 15. p. 227., numbered 7.), and shown to be +identical with one in _Doctor Faustus_? I will just remark, too, that +the best appreciation of the spirit of the passage, which, one would +think, should point out the author, is shown in the expression, "sew +me in the _skirts of it_," which has meaning, whereas the variation +has none. A little earlier, still in the same scene, the following bit +of dialogue occurs:-- + + "_Kath._ I'll have no bigger; this doth fit the time, + And gentlewomen wear such caps as these. + + "_Pet._ When you are gentle, you shall have one too, + and not till then." + +Katharine's use of the term "gentlewomen" suggests here Petruchio's +"gentle." In the other play the reply is evidently imitated, but with +the absence of the suggestive cue:-- + + "For I will home again unto my father's house. + + "_Ferando_. I, when y'are meeke and gentle, but not before."--p. 194. + +Petruchio, having dispatched the tailor and haberbasher, proceeds-- + + "Well, come my Kate: we will unto your father's, + Even in these honest mean habiliments; + Our purses shall be proud, our garments poor;"--p. 198. + +throughout continuing to urge the vanity of outward appearance, in +reference to the "ruffs and cuffs, and farthingales and things," +which he had promised her, and with which the phrase "honest mean +habiliments" is used in contrast. The sufficiency _to the mind_ of +these, + + "For 'tis the mind that makes the body rich," + +is the very pith and purpose of the speech. Commencing in nearly the +same words, the imitator entirely mistakes this, in stating the object +of clothing to be to "shrowd us from the winter's rage;" which is, +nevertheless, true enough, though completely beside the purpose. In +Act II. Sc. 1., Petruchio says,-- {347} + + "Say that she frown; I'll say she looks as clear + As morning roses newly wash'd with dew." + +Here is perfect consistency: the clearness of the "morning _roses_," +arising from their being "wash'd with dew;" at all events, the quality +being heightened by the circumstance. In a passage of the so-called +"older" play, the duke is addressed by Kate as "fair, lovely lady," +&c. + + "As glorious as the morning wash'd with dew."--p. 203 + +As the morning does not derive its glory from the circumstance of +its being "wash'd with dew," and as it is not a peculiarly apposite +comparison, I conclude that here, too, as in other instances, the +sound alone has caught the ear of the imitator. + +In Act V. Sc. 2., Katharine says,-- + + "Then vail your stomachs; for it is no boot; + And place your hand below your husband's foot; + In token of which duty, if he please, + My hand is ready: may it do him ease." + +Though Shakspeare was, in general, a most correct and careful writer, +that he sometimes wrote hastily it would be vain to deny. In the third +line of the foregoing extract, the meaning clearly is, "as which +token of duty;" and it is the performance of this "token of duty" +which Katharine hopes may "do him ease." The imitator, as usual, has +caught something of the words of the original which he has laboured +to reproduce at a most unusual sacrifice of grammar and sense; the +following passage appearing to represent that the wives, by laying +their hands under their husbands' feet--no reference being made to +the act as a token of duty--in some unexplained manner, "might procure +them ease." + + "Laying our hands under their feet to tread, + If that by that we might procure their ease, + And, for a precedent, I'll first begin + And lay my hand under my husband's feet."--p. 213. + +One more instance, and I have done. Shakspeare has imparted a +dashing humorous character to this play, exemplified, among other +peculiarities, by such rhyming of following words as-- + + "Haply to _wive_ and _thrive_ as least I may." + + "We will have _rings_ and _things_ and fine array." + + "With _ruffs_, and _cuffs_, and farthingales and things." + +I quote these to show that the habit was Shakspeare's. In Act I. Sc. +1. occurs the passage--"that would thoroughly woo her, wed her, and +bed her, and rid the house of her." The sequence here is perfectly +natural: but observe the change: in Ferando's first interview with +Kate, he says,-- + + "My mind, sweet Kate, doth say I am the man + Must wed and bed _and marrie_ bonnie Kate."--p. 172. + +In the last scene, Petruchio says,-- + + "Come, Kate, we'll to bed: + We three are married, but you two are sped." + +Ferando has it thus:-- + + "'Tis Kate and I am wed, and you are sped: + And so, farewell, for we will to our bed."--p. 214. + +Is it not evident that Shakespeare chose the word "sped" as a rhyme to +"bed," and that the imitator, in endeavouring to recollect the jingle, +has not only spoiled the rhyme, but missed the fact that all "three" +were "married," notwithstanding that "two" were "sped"? + +It is not in the nature of such things that instances should be +either numerous or very glaring; but it will be perceived that in all +of the foregoing, the purpose, and sometimes even the meaning, is +intelligible only in the form in which we find it in Shakespeare. I +have not urged all that I might, even in this branch of the question; +but respect for your space makes me pause. In conclusion, I will +merely state, that I have no doubt myself of the author of the _Taming +of a Shrew_ having been Marlowe; and that, if in some scenes it appear +to fall short of what we might have expected from such a writer, +such inferiority arises from the fact of its being an imitation, and +probably required at a short notice. At the same time, though I do +not believe Shakspeare's play to contain a line of any other writer, +I think it extremely probable that we have it only in a revised form, +and that, consequently, the play which Marlow imitated might not +necessarily have been that fund of life and humour that we find it +now. + +SAMUEL HICKSON. + +St. John's Wood, March 19. 1850. + + * * * * * + +PROVERBIAL SAYINGS AND THEIR ORIGINS--PLAGIARISMS AND PARALLEL +PASSAGES. + + "[Greek: 'On oi Theoi philousin apothnaeskei neos]." + +Brunck, _Poetae Gnomici_, p. 231., quoted by Gibbon, _Decl. and Fall_ +(Milman. Lond. 1838. 8vo.), xii. 355. (_note_ 65.) + + "Quem Jupiter vult perdere, prius dementat." + +These words are Barnes's translation of the following fragment of +Euripides, which is the 25th in Barnes' ed. (see _Gent.'s Mag._, July, +1847, p. 19, _note_):-- + + "[Greek: 'Otan de Daimon andri porsynae kaka, + Ton noun exlapse proton]." + +This, or a similar passage, may have been employed proverbially in +the time of Sophocles. See l. 632. et seq. of the _Antigone_ (ed. +Johnson. Londini. 1758. 8vo.); on which passage there is the following +scholium:-- + + "[Greek: Meta sophias gar upo tinos aoidimou kleinon epos pephantai, + 'Otan d' o daimon andri porsynae kaka, + Ton noun exlapse proton o bouleuetai.]" {348} + +Respecting the lines referred to in the Chorus, Dr. Donaldson makes +the following remarks, in his critical edition of the _Antigone_, +published in 1848:-- + + "The parallel passages for this adage are fully given by + Ruhnken on Velleius Paterculus, ii. 57. (265, 256.), and by + Wyttenbach on Plutarch, _De Audiendis Poetis_, p. 17. B. (pp. + 190, 191.)" + + * * * * * + + "Music hath charms to soothe a savage breast, + To soften rocks, or bend a knotted oak." + +Congreve's _Mourning Bride_, act i. sc. i. l. 1. + + * * * * * + + "L'appetit vient en mangeant." + +Rabelais, _Gargantua_, Liv. i. chap. 5. (vol. i. p. 136, ed. Variorum. +Paris, 1823. 8vo.) + +This proverb had been previously used by Amyot, and probably also +by Jerome le (or de) Hangest, who was a Doctor of the Sorbonne, and +adversary of Luther, and who died in 1538.--Ibid. p. 136 (_note_ 49.). + + * * * * * + +I know not how old may be "to put the cart before the horse." Rabelais +(i. 227.) has-- + + "Il mettoyt la charrette devant les beufz." + + * * * * * + + "If the sky falls, we shall catch larks." + +Rabelais (i. 229, 230.):-- + + "Si les nues tomboyent, esperoyt prendre alouettes." + + * * * * * + + "Good nature and good sense must ever join; + To err is human, to forgive divine." + +Pope's _Essay on Criticism_, pp. 524, 525. + + * * * * * + + "Nay, fly to altars, there they'll talk you dead; + For fools rush in where angels fear to tread." + +Ib. pp. 624, 625. + + * * * * * + +The Emperor Alexander of Russia is said to have declared himself +"un accident heureux." The expression occurs in Mad. de Stael's +_Allemagne_, Sec. xvi.:-- + + "Mais quand dans un etat social le bonbeur lui-meme n'est, + pour ainsi dire, _qu'un accident heureux_ ... le patriotisme a + peu de perseverance." + + * * * * * + +Gibbon, _Decl. and Fall_ (Lond. 1838. 8vo.), i. 134.:-- + + "His (T. Antoninus Pius') reign is marked by the rare + advantage of furnishing very few materials for history; + which is indeed little more than the register of the crimes, + follies, and misfortunes of mankind." + +Gibbon's first volume was published in 1776, and Voltaire's _Ingenii_ +in 1767. In the latter we find-- + + "En effet, l'historie n'est que le tableau des crimes + et des malheurs."--_Oeuvres de Voltaire_ (ed. Beuchot. + Paris, 1884. 8vo.), tom. xxxiii. p. 427. + + * * * * * + +Gibbon, vol. ix. p. 94.:-- + + "In every deed of mischief, he (Andronicus Comnenus) had a + heart to resolve, a head to contrive, and a hand to execute." + +Cf. Voltaire, "Siecle de Louis XV." (_Oeuvres_, xxi. p. 67.):-- + + "Il (le Chevalier de Belle-Isle) etait capable de tout + imaginer, de tout arranger, et de tout faire." + + * * * * * + + "Guerre aux chateaux, paix a la chaumiere," + +ascribed to Condorcet, in _Edin. Rev._ April, 1800. p. 240. (_note_*) + +By Thiers (_Hist. de la Rev. Franc._ Par. 1846. 8vo. ii. 283.), these +words are attributed to Cambon; while, in Lamartine's _Hist. des +Girondins_ (Par. 1847. 8vo.), Merlin is represented to have exclaimed +in the Assembly, "Declarez la guerre aux rois et la paix aux nations." + + * * * * * + +Macaulay's _Hist. of England_ (1st ed.), ii. 476:-- + + "But the iron stoicism of William never gave way: and he + stood among his weeping friends calm and austere, as if he + had been about to leave them only for a short visit to his + hunting-grounds at Loo." + + "... non aliter tamen + Dimovit obstantes propinquos, + Et populum reditus morantem, + Quam si clientum longa negotia + Dijudicata lite relinqueret, + Tendens Venafranos in agros, + Aut Lacedaemonium Tarentum." + +Hor. _Od._ iii. v. 50-56. + + * * * * * + + "De meretrice puta quod sit sua filia puta, + Nam sequitur leviter filia matris iter." + +These lines are said by Menage (_Menagiana_, Amstm. 1713. 18mo., iii. +12mo.) to exist in a Commentary "In composita verborum Joannis de +Galandia." + +F.C.B. + + * * * * * + +WILLIAM BASSE AND HIS POEMS. + +Your correspondent, the Rev. T. Corser, in his note on William Basse, +says, that he has been informed that there are, in Winchester College +Library, in a 4to. volume, some poems of that writer. I have the +pleasure of assuring him that his information is correct, and that +they are the "Three Pastoral Elegies" mentioned by Ritson. The +title-page runs thus:-- + + "Three Pastoral Elegies of Anander, Anetor, and Muridella, by + William Bas. Printed by V.S. for J.B., and are to be sold + at his shop in Fleet Street, at the sign of the Great Turk's + Head, 1602." + +Then follows a dedication, "To the Honourable {349} and Virtuous +Lady, the Lady Tasburgh;" from which dedication it appears that +these Pastoral Elegies were among the early efforts of his Muse. The +author, after making excuses for not having repaid her Ladyship's +encouragement earlier, says,-- + + "Finding my abilitie too little to make the meanest + satisfaction of so great a principall as is due to so many + favourable curtesies, I am bold to tende your Ladyship this + unworthy interest, wherewithal I will put in good securitie, + that as soone as time shall relieve the necessitie of my young + invention, I will disburse my Muse to the uttermost mite of + my power, to make some more acceptable composition with your + bounty. In the mean space, living without hope to be ever + sufficient inough to yeeld your worthinesse the smallest + halfe of your due, I doe only desire to leave your ladyship + in assurance-- + + "That when increase of age and learning sets + My mind in wealthi'r state than now it is, + I'll pay a greater portion of my debts, + Or mortgage you a better Muse than this; + Till then, no kinde forbearance is amisse, + While, though I owe more than I can make good, + This is inough, to shew how faine I woo'd, + + Your Ladyship's in all humblenes + + "WILLUM BAS." + +The first Pastoral consists of thirty-seven stanzas; the second +of seventy-two; the third of forty-eight; each stanza of eight +ten-syllable verses, of which the first six rhyme alternately; the +last two are a couplet. There is a short argument, in verse, prefixed +to each poem. That of the first runs thus:-- + + "Anander lets Anetor wot + His love, his lady, and his lot." + +of the second,-- + + "Anetor seeing, seemes to tell + The beauty of faire Muridell, + And in the end, he lets hir know + Anander's plaint, his love, his woe." + +of the third,-- + + "Anander sick of love's disdaine + Doth change himself into a swaine; + While dos the youthful shepherd show him + His Muridellaes answer to him." + +This notice of these elegies cannot fail to be highly interesting to +your correspondent on Basse and his works, and others of your readers +who feel an interest in recovering the lost works of our early poets. + +W.H. GUNNER + +Winchester, March 16. 1850. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Something else about "Salting."_--On the first occasion, after birth, +of any children being taken into a neighbour's house, the mistress +of the house always presents the babe with an egg, a little flour, +and some salt; and the nurse, to ensure good luck, gives the child +a taste of the pudding, which is forthwith compounded out of these +ingredients. This little "mystery" has occurred too often to be merely +accidental; indeed, all my poorer neighbours are familiarly acquainted +with the custom; and they tell me that money is often given in +addition at the houses of the rich. + +What is the derivation of _cum grano salis_ as a hint of caution? Can +it come from the M.D.'s prescription; or is it the grain of Attic salt +or wit for which allowance has to be made in every well-told story? + +A.G. + +Ecclesfield Vicarage, March 16, 1850. + + +_Norfolk-Weather-Rhyme_. + + "First comes David, then comes Chad, + And then comes Winneral as though he was mad, + White or black, + Or old house thack." + +The first two lines of this weather proverb may be found in Hone's +_Every-Day Book_, and in Denham's _Proverbs and Popular Sayings +relating to the Seasons_ (edited for the Percy Society): but St. +Winwaloe, whose anniversary falls on the 3rd of March, is there called +"Winnold," and not, as in our bit of genuine Norfolk, _Winneral_. +Those versions also want the explanation, that at this time there will +be either snow, rain, or wind; which latter is intended by the "old +house thack," or thatch. + +_Medical Charms used in Ireland--Charm for Toothache_.--It is a +singular fact, that the charm for toothache stated (No. 19. p. 293.) +to be prevalent in the south-eastern counties of England, is also used +by the lower orders in the county of Kilkenny, and perhaps other parts +of Ireland. I have often heard the charm: it commences, "Peter sat +upon a stone; Jesus said, 'What aileth thee, Peter?'" and so on, as +in the English form. + +_To cure Warts_, the following charm is used:--A wedding-ring is +procured, and the wart touched or pricked with a gooseberry thorn +through the ring. + +_To cure Epilepsy_, take three drops of sow's milk. + +_To cure Blisters_ in a cow's mouth, cut the blisters; then slit the +upper part of the tail, insert a clove of garlic, and tie a piece of +_red cloth_ round the wound. + +_To cure the Murrain in Cows_.--This disease is supposed to be +caused by the cow having been stung about the mouth while feeding, in +consequence of contact with some of the larger larvae of the moth (as +of the Death's-head Sphynx, &c.), which have a soft fleshy horn on +their tails, erroneously believed to be a sting. If a farmer is so +lucky as to procure one of these rare larvae, he is to bore a hole in +an _ash tree_, and plug up the unlucky caterpillar alive in it. The +leaves of that ash tree will, from thenceforth, be a specific against +the disease. + +The universal prevalence of the superstition concerning the ash is +extremely curious. + +J.G. + +Kilkenny. {350} + + +_Death-bed Superstition_.--See _Guy Mannering_, ch. xxvii. and note +upon it:-- + + "The popular idea that the protracted struggle between life + and death is painfully prolonged by keeping the door of the + apartment shut, was received as certain by the superstitious + eld of Scotland." + +In my country (West Gloucestershire) they throw open the windows at +the moment of death. + +The notion of the escape of the soul through an opening is probably +only in part the origin of this superstition. It will not account for +opening _all_ the locks in the house. There is, I conceive, a notion +of analogy and association. + +"Nexosque et solveret artus," says Virgil, at the death of Dido. They +thought the soul, or the life, was tied up, and that the unloosing +of any knot might help to get rid of the principle, as one may call +it. For the same superstition prevailed in Scotland as to marriage +(Dalyell, p. 302.). Witches cast knots on a cord; and in a parish in +Perthshire both parties, just before marriage, had every knot or tie +about them loosened, though they immediately proceeded, in private, +severally to tie them up again. And as to the period of childbirth, +see the grand and interesting ballad in Walter Scott's _Border Poems_, +vol. ii. p. 27., "Willye's Lady." + +C.B. + + * * * * * + +NOTE ON HERODOTUS BY DEAN SWIFT. + +The inclosed unpublished note of Dean Swift will, I hope, be deemed +worthy of a place in your columns. It was written by him in his +Herodotus, which is now in the library of Winchester College, +having been presented to it in 1766, by John Smyth de Burgh, Earl +of Clanricarde. The genuineness of the handwriting is attested by a +certificate of George Faulkner, who, it appears, was well qualified +to decide upon it. The edition is Jungerman's, folio, printed by Paul +Stephens, in 1718. + +W.H. GUNNER. + + "_Judicium de Herodoto post longum tempus relicto_:-- + + "Ctesias mendacissimus Herodotum mendaciorum arguit, exceptis + paucissimis (ut mea fert sententia) omnimodo excusandum. + Caeterum diverticulis abundans, hic pater Historicorum, filum + narrationis ad taedium abrumpit; unde oritur (ut par est) + legentibus confusio, et exinde oblivio. Quin et forsan ipsae + narrationes circumstantiis nimium pro re scatent. Quod ad + caetera, hunc scriptorem inter apprime laudandos censeo, neque + Graecis, neque barbaris plus aequo faventem, aut iniquum: in + orationibus fere brevem, simplicem, nec nimis frequentem: + Neque absunt dogmata, e quibus eruditus lector prudentiam, + tam moralem, quam civilem, haurire poterit. + + "Julii 6: 1720. J. SWIFT" + + "I do hereby certify that the above is the handwriting of the + late Dr. Jonathan Swift, D.S.P.D., from whom I have had many + letters and printed several pieces from his original MS. + + "Dublin, Aug. 21. 1762. GEORGE FAULKNER." + + * * * * * + +HERRICK'S HESPERIDES. + +There can be few among your subscribers who are unacquainted with +the sweet lyric effusion of Herrick "to the Virgins, to make much +of Time," beginning-- + + "Gather you rose-buds while ye may, + Old Time is still a-flying; + And this same flower, that smiles to-day, + To-morrow will be dying." + +The following "Answer" appeared in a publication not so well known +as the _Hesperides_. I have therefore made a note of it from _Cantos, +Songs, and Stanzas_, &c., 3rd ed. printed in Aberdeen, by John Forbes, +1682. + + "I gather, where I hope to gain, + I know swift Time doth fly; + Those fading buds methinks are vain, + To-morrow that may die. + + "The higher Phoebus goes on high, + The lower is his fall; + But length of days gives me more light, + Freedom to know my thrall. + + "Then why do ye think I lose my time, + Because I do not marrie; + Vain fantasies make not my prime, + Nor can make me miscarrie." + +J.M. GUTCH. + +Worcester. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +REV. DR. TOMLINSON. + +Mr. G. Bouchier Richardson, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, who is at present +engaged in compiling the life and correspondence of Robert Thomlinson, +D.D., Rector of Whickham, co. Dur.; Lecturer of St. Nicholas, +Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and founder of the Thomlinson Library there; +Prebendary of St. Paul's; and Vice-Principal of Edmund Hall, Oxon., is +very anxious for the communication of any matter illustrative of the +life of the Doctor, his family and ancestry; which, it is presumed, +is derivable from the family of that name long seated at Howden, in +Yorkshire. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_"A" or "An," before Words, beginning with a Vowel._--Your readers are +much indebted to Dr. Kennedy for his late exposure of the erroneous, +though common, use of the phrase "mutual friend," and I am convinced +that there are many similar solecisms which only require to be +denounced to ensure their disuse. I am anxious to ask the opinion +of Dr. K., and others of your subscribers, on another point in the +English language, namely, the principles which should guide our use of +"A" or "An" before a word beginning with a vowel, as the practice does +not appear to be uniform in this respect. The {351} minister of my +parish invariably says in his sermon, "Such an one," which, I confess, +to my ear is grating enough. I conclude he would defend himself by +the rule that where the succeeding word, as "one," begins with a +vowel, "An," and not "A," should be used; but this appears to me not +altogether satisfactory, as, though "one" is spelt as beginning with +a vowel, it is _pronounced_ as if beginning with a consonant thus, +"won." The rule of adding or omitting the final "n," according as the +following word commences with a vowel or a consonant, was meant, I +conceive, entirely for elegance in _speaking_, to avoid the jar on +the ear which would otherwise be occasioned, and has no reference +to _writing_, or the appearance on paper of the words. I consider, +therefore, that an exception must be made to the rule of using "An" +before words beginning with a vowel in cases where the words are +pronounced as if beginning with a consonant, as "one," "use," and its +derivatives, "ubiquity," "unanimity," and some others which will no +doubt occur to your readers. I should be glad to be informed if my +opinion is correct; and I will only further observe, that the same +remarks are applicable towards words beginning with "_h_." _An horse_ +sounds as bad as _a hour_; and it is obvious that in these cases +employment of "A" or "An" is dictated by the consideration whether the +aspirate is _sounded_ or is _quiescent_, and has no reference to the +spelling of the word. + +PRISCIAN. + + +_The Lucky have whole Days._--I, like your correspondent "P.S." (No. +15., p. 231.), am anxious to ascertain the authorship of the lines to +which he refers. + +They stand in my Common-place Book as follows, which I consider to be +a more correct version than that given by "P.S.":-- + + "Fate's dark recesses we can never find, + But Fortune, at some hours, to all is kind: + The lucky have whole days, which still they choose; + The unlucky have but hours, and those they lose." + +H.H. + + +_Line quoted by De Quincey._--"S.P.S." inquires who is the author of +the following line, quoted by De Quincey in the _Confessions of an +English Opium Eater_:-- + + "Battlements that on their restless fronts bore stars." + + +_Bishop Jewel's Papers._--It is generally understood that the papers +left by Bishop Jewel were bequeathed to his friend Dr. Garbrand, who +published some of them. The rest, it has been stated, passed from Dr. +G. into the possession of New College, Oxford. Are any of these still +preserved in the library of that college? or, if not, can any trace +be found of the persons into whose hands they subsequently came, or +of the circumstances under which they were lost to New College? + +A.H. + + +_Allusion in Friar Brackley's Sermon_.--In Fenn's _Paston Letters_, +XCVIII. (vol. iii., p. 393., or vol. i., p. 113. Bohn), entitled "An +ancient Whitsunday Sermon, preached by Friar Brackley (whose hand it +is). At the Friers Minors Church in Norwich" occurs the following:-- + + "Semiplenum gaudium est quando quis in praesenti gaudet et tunc + cogitans de futuris dolet; ut in quodam libro Graeco, &c." + + "Quidam Rex Graeciae, &c.; here ye may see but half a joy; who + should joy in this world if he remembered him of the pains of + the other world?" + +What is the Greek Book, and who is the king of Greece alluded to? + +N.E.R. + + +_Selden's Titles of Honour_.--Does any gentleman possess a MS. Index +to Selden's _Titles of Honour_? Such, if printed, would be a boon; for +it is a dreadful book to wade through for what one wants to find. + +B. + + +_Colonel Hyde Seymour_.--In a book dated 1720, is written "Borrow the +Book of Col. Hyde Seymour." I am anxious to know who the said Colonel +was, his birth, &c.? + +B. + + +_Quem Deus vult perdere, &c._--Prescot, in his _History of the +Conquest of Peru_ (vol. ii., p. 404., 8vo. ed.), says, while remarking +on the conduct of Gonzalo Pisaro, that it may be accounted for by "the +insanity," as the Roman, or rather Grecian proverb calls it, "with +which the gods afflict men when they design to ruin them." He quotes +the Greek proverb from a fragment of Euripides, in his note:-- + + "[Greek: Otan de Daimon andri parsunei kaka + Ton noun eblapse proton.]" + +I wish to know whether the Roman proverb, _Quem vult perdere Deus +prius dementat_, is merely a translation of this, or whether it is to +be found in a Latin author? If the latter, in what author? Is it in +Seneca? + +EDWARD S. JACKSON. + + +_Southwell's Supplication_.--Can any one inform me where I can see a +copy of _Robert Southwell's Supplication to Queen Elizabeth_, which +was printed, according to Watts, in 1593? or can any one, who has seen +it, inform me what is the style and character of it? + +J.S. + + +_Gesta Grayorum_.--In Nichol's _Progresses of Queen Elizabeth_, vol. +iii., p. 262., a tract is inserted, entitled "Gesta Grayorum; or, +History of the High and Mighty Prince Henry, Prince of Purpoole, &c., +who lived and died in A.D. 1594." The original is said to have been +printed in 1688, by Mr. Henry Keepe. Is any copy of it to be had or +seen? + +J.S. + + +_Snow of Chicksand Priory_.--"A.J.S.P." desires information respecting +the immediate descendants of R. Snow, Esq., to whom the site of {352} +Chicksand Priory, Bedfordshire, was granted, 1539: it was alienated +by his family, about 1600, to Sir John Osborn, Knt., whose descendants +now possess it. In Berry's _Pedigrees of Surrey Families_, p. 83., I +find an Edward Snowe of Chicksand mentioned as having married Emma, +second daughter of William Byne, Esq., of Wakehurst, Sussex. What was +his relationship to R. Snow, mentioned above? The arms of this family +are, Per fesse nebulee azure, and argent three antelopes' heads, +erased counterchanged, armed or. + + +_The Bristol Riots_.--"J.B.M." asks our Bristol readers what +compilation may be relied on as an accurate description of the Bristol +riots of 1831? and whether _The Bristol Riots, their Causes, Progress, +and Consequences, by a Citizen_, is generally received as an accurate +account? + +1, Union Place, Lisson Grove. + + +_A Living Dog better that a Dead Lion_.--Can any of your readers +inform me with whom the proverb originated: "_A living dog is better +than a dead lion?_" F. Domin. Bannez (or Bannes), in his defence of +Cardinal Cajetan, after his death, against the attacks of Cardinal +Catharinus and Melchior Canus (_Comment. in prim. par. S. Thom._ p. +450. ed. Duaci, 1614), says-- + + "Certe potest dici de istis, quod de Graecis insultantibus + Hectori jam mortuo dixit Homerus, quod _leoni mortuo etiam + lepores insultant_." + +Query? Is this, or any like expression, to be found in Homer? If so, +I should feel much obliged to any of your correspondents who would +favour me with the reference. + +JOHN SANSOM. + + +_Author of "Literary Leisure_."--Can any of your readers inform me of +the name of the author of _Literary Leisure_, published by Miller, +Old Bond Street, 1802, in 2 volumes? It purports to have come out in +weekly parts, of which the first is dated Sept. 26. 1799. It contains +many interesting papers in prose and verse: it is dedicated to the +Editors of the _Monthly Review_. The motto in the title-page is-- + + "Saiva res est: philosophatur quoque jam; + Quod erat ei nomen? Thesaurochrysonicochrysides."--Plautus. + +Is the work noticed in the _Monthly Review_, about that time? + +NEMO. + + +_The Meaning of "Complexion."_--Is the word "complexion," used in +describing an individual, to be considered as applied to the _tint_ +of the skin only, or to the colour of the hair and eyes? Can a person, +having dark eyes and hair, but with a clear white skin, be said to be +fair? + +NEMO. + + +_American Bittern--Derivation of "Calamity."_--It has been stated of +an American Bittern, that it has the power of admitting rays of light +from its breast, by which fish are attracted within its reach. Can any +one inform me as to the fact, or refer me to any ornithological work +in which I can find it? + +In answer to "F.S. Martin"--Calamity (_calamitas_), not from +_calamus_, as it is usually derived, but perhaps from obs. +_calamis_, i.e. _columis_, from [Greek: kholo, kolhao, kolhazo] to +maim, mutilate, and so for _columitas_. (See Riddle's _Lat.-Eng. +Dictionary_.) + +AUGUSTINE. + + +_Inquisition in Mexico._--"D." wishes to be furnished with references +to any works in which the actual establishment of the Inquisition in +Mexico is mentioned or described, or in which any other information +respecting it is conveyed. + + +_Masters of St. Cross_.--"H. EDWARDS" will be obliged by information +of any work except _Dugdale's Monasticon_, containing a list of the +names of the Master of the Hospital of St. Cross, Winchester; or of +the Masters or Priors of the same place before Humphry de Milers; +and of the Masters between Bishop Sherborne, about 1491, and Bishop +Compton, about 1674. + + +_Etymology of "Dalston."_--The hamlet of Hackney, now universally +known only as _Dalston_, is spelt by most topographists _Dorleston_ +or _Dalston_. I have seen it in one old Gazette _Darlston_, and +I observed it lately, on a stone let in to an old row of houses, +_Dolston_; this was dated 1792. I have searched a great many books in +vain to discover the etymology, and from it, of course, the correct +spelling of the word, the oldest form of which that I can find is +_Dorleston_. + +The only probable derivations of it that I can find are the old words +_Doles_ and _ton_ (from Saxon _dun_), a village built upon a slip of +land between furrows of ploughed earth; or _Dale_ (Dutch _Dal_), and +_stone_, a bank in a valley. The word may, however, be derived from +some man's name, though I can find none at all like it in a long list +of tenants upon Hackney Manor that I have searched. If any of your +readers can furnish this information they will much oblige. + +H.C. DE ST. CROIX. + + +_"Brown Study"_--a term generally applied to intense reverie. Why +"brown," rather than blue or yellow? _Brown_ must be a corruption of +some word. Query of "barren," in the sense of fruitless or useless? + +D.V.S. + + +_Coal Brandy_.--People now old can recollect that, when young, they +heard people then old talk of "coal-brandy." What was this? _Cold_? +or, in modern phase, _raw_, _neat_, or _genuine_? + +CANTAB. + + +_Swot_.--I have often heard military men talk of _swot_, meaning +thereby mathematics; and persons eminent in that science are termed +"_good swots_." As I never heard the word except amongst the military, +but there almost universally in "free and {353} easy," conversation, +I am led to think it a cant term. At any rate, I shall be glad to be +informed of its origin,--if it be not lost in the mists of soldierly +antiquity. + +CANTAB. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + +THE DODO. + +Mr. Strickland has justly observed that this subject "belongs rather +to human history than to pure zoology." Though I have not seen Mr. +Strickland's book, I venture to offer him a few suggestions, not as +_answers_ to his questions, but as slight aids towards the resolution +of some of them. + +Qu. 1. There can be no doubt about the discovery of Mauritius +and Bourbon by the Portuguese; and if not by a Mascarhenas, that +the islands were first so named in honour of some member of that +illustrious family, many of whom make a conspicuous figure in the +Decads of the Portuguese Livy. I expected to have found some notice +of the discovery in the very curious little volume of Antonio +Galvao, printed in 1563, under the following title:--_Tratado dos +Descobrimentos Antigos, e Modernos feitos ate a Era de 1550_; but I +merely find a vague notice of several nameless islands--"alguma Ilheta +sem gente: onde diz que tomarao agoa e lenha"--and that, in 1517, +Jorge Mascarenhas was despatched by sea to the coast of China. This +is the more provoking, as, in general, Galvao is very circumstantial +about the discoveries of his countrymen. + +Qu. 5. The article in Ree's _Cyclopaedia_ is a pretty specimen of the +manner in which such things are sometimes concocted, as the following +extracts will show:-- + + "Of _Bats_ they have as big as Hennes about Java and the + neighbor islands. Clusius bought one of the Hollanders, which + they brought from the Island of Swannes (Ilha do Cisne), newly + styled by them Maurice Island. It was about a foot from head + to taile, above a foot about; the wings one and twenty inches + long, nine broad; the claw, whereby it hung on the trees, was + two inches," &c. "Here also they found a Fowle, which they + called Walgh-vogel, of the bigness of a Swanne, and most + deformed shape." (_Purchas his Pilgrimage_, 1616, p. 642.) + +And afterward, speaking of the island of Madura, he says,-- + + "In these partes are Battes as big as Hennes, which the people + roast and eat." + +In the _Lettres edifiantes_ (edit. 1781, t. xiii. p. 302.) is a letter +from Pere Brown to Madame de Benamont concerning the Isle of Bourbon, +which he calls "_l'Isle de Mascarin_" erroneously saying it was +discovered by the Dutch about sixty years since. (The letter is +supposed to have been written about the commencement of the eighteenth +century.) He then relates how it was peopled by French fugitives +from Madagascar, when the massacre there took place on account of +the conduct of the _French_ king and his court. In describing its +production, he says,-- + + "Vers l'est de cette Isle il y a une petite plaine au haut + d'une montagne, qu'on appelle la Plaine des _Caffres_, ou + l'on trouve un gros _oiseau bleu_, dont la couleur est fort + eclatante. Il ressemble a un pigeon ramier; il vole rarement, + et toujours en rasant la terre, mais il marche avec une + vitesse surprenante; les habitans ne lui ont point encore + donne d'autre nom que celui _d'oiseau bleu_; sa chair est + assez bonne et se conserve longtemps." + +Not a word, however, about the _Dodo_, which had it then existed +there, would certainly have been noticed by the observant Jesuit. +But now for the _bat_:-- + + "La _chauve-souris_ est ici de la grosseur d'une poule. Cet + _oiseau_ ne vit que de fruits et de grains, et c'est un mets + fort commun dans le pays. J'avois de la repugnance a suivre + l'exemple de ceux qui en mangeoient; mais en ayant goute par + surprise, j'en trouvai la chair fort delicate. On peut dire + que cet _animal_, qu'on abhorre naturellement, n'a rien de + mauvais que la figure." + +The Italics are mine; but they serve to show how the confusion has +arisen. The writer speaks of the almost entire extinction of the land +Turtles, which were formerly abundant; and says, that the island was +well stocked with goats and wild hogs, but for some time they had +retreated to the mountains, where no one dared venture to wage war +upon them. + +Again, in the _Voyage de l'Arabie Heureuse par l'Ocean Oriental et +le Detroit de la Mer rouge, dans les Annees 1708-10_ (Paris, 1716, +12mo.), the vessels visit both Mauritius and Bourbon, and some account +of the then state of both islands is given. At the Mauritius, one of +the captains relates that, foraging for provisions,-- + + "Toute notre chasse se borna a quelques pigeons rougeatres, + que nous tuames, et qui se laissent tellement approcher, + qu'on peut les assommer a coup de pierres. Je tuai aussi + deux _chauve-souris_ d'une espece particuliere, _de couleur + violette_, avec de petites taches jaunes, ayant une espece de + crampon aux ailes, par ou cet _oiseau_ se pend aux branches + des arbres, et _un bec de perroquet_. Les Hollandois disent + qu'elles sont bonnes a manger; et qu'en certaine saison, elles + valent bien nos becasses." + +At Bourbon, he says,-- + + "On y voit grandes nombres _d'oiseau bleu_ qui se + nichent dans les herbes et dans les fougeres." + +This was in the year 1710. There were then, he says, not more than +forty Dutch settlers on the Island of Mauritius, and they were daily +hoping and expecting to be transferred to Batavia. As editor (La +Roque) subjoins a relation furnished on the authority of M. de Vilers, +who had been governor there for the India Company, in which it is +said,-- {354} + + "The island was uninhabited when the Portuguese, after having + doubled the Cape of Good Hope, discovered it. They gave it the + name of Mascarhenas, _a cause que leur chef se nommoit ainsi_; + and the vulgar still preserve it, calling the inhabitants + _Mascarins_. It was not decidedly inhabited until 1654, when + M. de Flacour, commandant at Madagascar, sent some invalids + there to recover their health, that others followed; and since + then it has been named the Isle of Bourbon." + +Still no notice of the _Dodo!_ but + + "On y trouve des oiseaux appelez _Flamans_, qui excedent la + hauteur d'un grand homme." + +Qu. 6. I know not whether Mr. S. is aware that there is the head of a +Dodo in the Royal Museum of Natural History at Copenhagen, which came +from the collection of Paludanus? M. Domeny de Rienzi, the compiler of +_Oceanie, ou cinquieme Partie du Globe_ (1838, t. iii. p. 384.), tells +us, that a Javanese captain gave him part of a _Dronte_, which he +unfortunately lost on being shipwrecked; but he forgot where he said +he obtained it. + +Qu. 7. _Dodo_ is most probably the name given at first to the bird by +the Portuguese; _Doudo_, in that language, being a fool or _lumpish_ +stupid person. And, besides that name, it bore that of _Toelpel_ in +German, which has the same signification. The _Dod-aers_ of the Dutch +is most probably a vulgar epithet of the Dutch sailors, expressive of +its _lumpish_ conformation and inactivity. Our sailors would possibly +have substituted heavy-a----. I find the Dodo was also called the +_Monk-swan_ of St. Maurice's Island at the commencement of last +century. The word _Dronte_ is apparently neither Portugese nor +Spanish, though in Connelly's _Dictionary_ of the latter language +we have-- + + "_Dronte_, cierto paxaro de Indias de alas muy cortas--an + appellation given by some to the Dodo." + +It seems to me to be connected with _Drone_; but this can only be +ascertained from the period and the people by whom it was applied. + +That the bird once existed there can be no doubt, from the notice +of Sir Hamon L'Estrange, which there is no reason for questioning; +and there seems to be as little reason to suppose that Tradescant's +stuffed specimen was a fabrication. He used to preserve his own +specimens; and there could be no motive at that period for a +fabrication. I had hoped to have found some notice of it in the +_Diary_ of that worthy virtuoso Zacharias Conrad von Uffenbach, who +visited the Ashmolean Museum in 1710; but though he notices other +natural curiosities, there is no mention of it. This worthy remarks on +the slovenly condition and inadequate superintendence of our museums, +and especially of that of Gresham College; but those who recollect +the state of our great national museum forty years since will not be +surprised at this, or at the calamitous destruction of Tradescant's +specimen of the Dodo. That the bird was extinct above 150 years ago I +think we may conclude from the notices I have extracted from La Roque, +and the letter of the Jesuit Brown. Mr. Strickland has done good +service to the cause of natural science by his monograph of this very +curious subject; and to him every particle of information must be +acceptable: this must be my excuse for the almost nothing I have been +able to contribute. + +S.W. SINGER. + +March 26. 1850. + + * * * * * + +THE WATCHING OF THE SEPULCHRE. + +Inquired about by "T.W." (No. 20. p. 318.), is a liturgical practice, +which long was, and still is, observed in Holy Week. On Maundy +Thursday, several particles of the Blessed Eucharist, consecrated +at the Mass sung that day, were reserved--a larger one for the +celebrating priest on the morrow, Good Friday; the smaller ones for +the viaticum of the dying, should need be, and carried in solemn +procession all round the church, from the high altar to a temporary +erection, fitted up like a tomb, with lights, and the figure of an +angel watching by, on the north side of the chancel. Therein the +Eucharist was kept till Easter Sunday morning, according to the +Salisbury Ritual; and there were people kneeling and praying at this +so-called sepulchre all the time, both night and day. To take care of +the church, left open throughout this period, and to look after the +lights, it was necessary for the sacristan to have other men to help +him; and what was given to them for this service is put down in the +church-wardens' books as money for "watching the sepulchre." By the +Roman Ritual, this ceremony lasts only from Maundy Thursday till +Good Friday. This rite will be duly followed in my own little church +here at Buckland, where some of my flock, two and two, in stated +succession, all through the night, as well as day, will be watching +from just after Mass on Maundy Thursday till next morning's service. +In some of the large Catholic churches in London and the provinces, +this ceremony is observed with great splendour. + +DANIEL ROCK. + +Buckland, Farringdon. + + +_Watching the Sepulchre._--If no one sends a more satisfactory reply +to the query about "Watching the Sepulchre," the following extract +from Parker's _Glossary of Architecture_ (3rd edit. p. 197.) will +throw some light on the matter:-- + + "In many churches we find a large flat arch in the north + wall of the chancel near the alter, which was called the + Holy Sepulchre; and was used at Easter for the performance of + solemn rites commemorative of the resurrection of our Lord. + On this occasion there was usually a temporary wooden erection + over the arch; but, occasionally, the whole was of stone, and + very richly ornamented. There are fine specimens at Navenby + and Heckington churches, Lincolnshire, and {355} Hawton + church, Notts. All these in the decorated style of the + fourteenth century; and are of great magnificence, especially + the last." + +To this account of the sepulchre I may add, that one principal part +of the solemn rites referred to above consisted in depositing a +consecrated wafer or, as at Durham Cathedral, a crucifix within +its recess--a symbol of the entombment of our blessed Lord--and +removing it with great pomp, accompanied sometimes with a mimetic +representation of the visit of the Marys to the tomb, on the morning +of Easter Sunday. This is a subject capable of copious illustration, +for which, some time since, I collected some materials (which are +quite at your service); but, as your space is valuable, I will only +remark, that the "Watching the Sepulchre" was probably in imitation of +the watch kept by the Roman soldiers round the tomb of Our Lord, and +with the view of preserving the host from any casualty. + +At Rome, the ceremony is anticipated, the wafer being carried in +procession, on the Thursday in Passion Week, from the Sistine to the +Paoline Chapel, and brought back again on the Friday; thus missing +the whole intention of the rite. Dr. Baggs, in his _Ceremonies of Holy +Week at Rome_, says (p. 65.):-- + + "When the pope reaches the altar (of the Capella Paolina), + the first cardinal deacon receives from his hands the blessed + sacrament, and, preceded by torches, carries it to the upper + part of the _macchina_; M. Sagrista places it within the urn + commonly called the sepulchre, where it is incensed by the + Pope.... M. Sagrista then shuts the sepulchre, and delivers + the key to the Card. Penitentiary, who is to officiate on the + following day." + +E.V. + + * * * * * + +POEM BY SIR EDWARD DYER. + +_Dr. Rimbault's 4th Qu._ (No. 19. p. 302.).--"My mind to me a kingdom +is" will be found to be of much earlier date than Nicholas Breton. +Percy partly printed it from William Byrds's _Psalmes, Sonets, +and Songs of Sadnes_ (no date, but 1588 according to Ames), with +some additions and _improvements (?)_ from a B.L. copy in the +Pepysian collection. I have met with it in some early poetical +miscellany--perhaps Tottel, or _England's Helicon_--but cannot just +now refer to either. + +The following copy is from a cotemporary MS. containing many of +the poems of Sir Edward Dyer, Edward Earl of Oxford, and their +cotemporaries, several of which have never been published. The +collection appears to have been made by Robert Mills, of Cambridge. +Dr. Rimbault will, no doubt, be glad to compare this text with +Breton's. It is, at least, much more genuine than the _composite_ +one given by Bishop Percy. + + "My mynde to me a kyngdome is, + Suche preasente joyes therin I fynde, + That it excells all other blisse, + That earth affordes or growes by kynde; + Thoughe muche I wante which moste would have, + Yet still my mynde forbiddes to crave. + + "No princely pompe, no wealthy store, + No force to winne the victorye, + No wilye witt to salve a sore, + No shape to feade a loving eye; + To none of these I yielde as thrall, + For why? my mynde dothe serve for all. + + "I see howe plenty suffers ofte, + And hasty clymers sone do fall, + I see that those which are alofte + Mishapp dothe threaten moste of all; + They get with toyle, they keepe with feare, + Suche cares my mynde coulde never beare. + + "Content to live, this is my staye, + I seeke no more than maye suffyse, + I presse to beare no haughty swaye; + Look what I lack, my mynde supplies; + Lo, thus I triumph like a kynge, + Content with that my mynde doth bringe. + + "Some have too muche, yet still do crave, + I little have and seek no more, + They are but poore, though muche they have, + And I am ryche with lyttle store; + They poore, I ryche, they begge, I gyve, + They lacke, I leave, they pyne, I lyve. + + "I laughe not at another's losse, + I grudge not at another's payne; + No worldly wants my mynde can toss, + My state at one dothe still remayne: + I feare no foe, I fawn no friende, + I lothe not lyfe nor dreade my ende. + + "Some weighe their pleasure by theyre luste, + Theyre wisdom by theyre rage of wyll, + Theyre treasure is theyre onlye truste, + A cloked crafte theyre store of skylle: + But all the pleasure that I fynde + Is to mayntayne a quiet mynde. + + "My wealthe is healthe and perfect ease, + My conscience cleere my chiefe defence, + I neither seek by brybes to please, + Nor by deceyte to breede offence; + Thus do I lyve, thus will I dye, + Would all did so as well as I. + + "FINIS. [Symbol: CROWN] E. DIER." + +S.W.S. + + * * * * * + +ROBERT CROWLEY. + +"Be pleased to observe," says Herbert, "that, though 'The Supper of +the Lorde' and 'The Vision of Piers Plowman' are inserted among the +rest of his writings, he wrote only the prefixes to them" (vol. ii. +p. 278.). Farther on he gives the title of the book, and adds, "Though +this treatise is anonymous, Will. Tindall is allowed to have been the +author; Crowley wrote only the preface." It was originally printed at +Nornberg, and dated as above [the same date as that given by "C.H.," +No. 21. p. 332.]. "Bearing no printer's name, nor date of printing, +I have placed it to Crowley, being a printer, as having the justest +claim to it" (p. 762.). {356} There is a copy in the Lambeth Library, +No. 553. p. 249. in my "List," of which I have said (on what grounds I +do not now know), "This must be a different edition from that noticed +by Herbert (ii. 762.) and Dibdin (iv. 334. No. 2427.)." I have not +Dibdin's work at hand to refer to, but as I see nothing in Herbert on +which I could ground such a statement, I suppose that something may be +found in Dibdin's account; though probably it may be only my mistake +or his. As to foreign editions, I always feel very suspicious of their +existence; and though I do not remember this book in particular, or +know why I supposed it to differ from the edition ascribed to Crowley, +yet I feel pretty confident that it bore no mark of "Nornberg." +According to my description it had four pairs of [Symbol: pointing +hands] on the title, and contained E iv., in eights, which should be +thirty _six_ leaves. + +S.R. MAITLAND. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_John Ross Mackay_ (No. 8. p. 125.).--In reply to the Query of your +correspondent "D.," I beg to forward the following quotation from +Sir N.W. Wraxall's _Historical Memoirs of his Own Time_, 3rd edition. +Speaking of the peace of Fontainbleau, he says,-- + + "John Ross Mackay, who had been private secretary to the Earl + of Bute, and afterwards during seventeen years was treasurer + of the ordnance, a man with whom I was personally acquainted, + frequently avowed the fact. He lived to a very advanced age, + sat in several parliaments, and only died, I believe in 1796. + A gentleman of high professional rank, and of unimpeached + veracity, who is still alive, told me, that dining at the late + Earl of Besborough's, in Cavendish Square, in the year 1790, + where only four persons were present, including himself, Ross + Mackay, who was one of the number, gave them the most ample + information upon the subject. Lord Besborough having called + after dinner for a bottle of champagne, a wine to which Mackay + was partial, and the conversation turning on the means of + governing the House of Commons, Mackay said, that, 'money + formed, after all, the only effectual and certain method.' + 'The peace of 1763,' continued he, 'was carried through and + approved by a pecuniary distribution. Nothing else could have + surmounted the difficulty. I was myself the channel through + which the money passed. With my own hand I secured above one + hundred and twenty votes on that most important question + to ministers. Eighty thousand pounds were set apart for the + purpose. Forty members of the House of Commons received from + me a thousand pounds each. To eighty others, I paid five + hundred pounds apiece.'" + +DAVID STEWARD. + +Godalming, March 19. 1850. + + +_Shipster_.--_Gourders_.--As no satisfactory elucidation of the +question propounded by Mr. Fox (No. 14. p. 216.) has been suggested, +and I think he will scarcely accept the conjecture of "F.C.B.," +however ingenious (No. 21. p. 339.), I am tempted to offer a note +on the business or calling of a shipster. It had, I believe, no +connection with nautical concerns; it did not designate a skipper (in +the Dutch use of the word) of the fair sex. That rare volume, Caxton's +_Boke for Travellers_, a treasury of archaisms, supplies the best +definition of her calling:--"Mabyll the shepster cheuissheth her +right well; she maketh surplys, shertes, breches, keuerchiffs, and +all that may be wrought of lynnen cloth." The French term given, as +corresponding to shepster, is "_cousturiere._" Palsgrave also, in +his _Eclaircissement de la Langue francoyse_, gives "schepstarre, +_lingiere_:--sheres for shepsters, _forces_." If further evidence were +requisite, old Elyot might be cited, who renders both _sarcinatrix_ +and _sutatis_ (? _sutatrix_) as "a shepster, a seamester." The term +may probably be derived from her skill in shaping or cutting out the +various garments of which Caxton gives so quaint an inventory. Her +vocation was the very same as that of the _tailleuse_ of present +times--the _Schneiderinn_, she-cutter, of Germany. Palsgrave likewise +gives this use of the verb "to shape," expressed in French by +"_tailler_." He says, "He is a good tayloure, and _shapeth_ a garment +as well as any man." It is singular that Nares should have overlooked +this obsolete term; and Mr. Halliwell, in his useful _Glossarial +Collections_, seems misled by some similarity of sound, having +noticed, perhaps, in Palsgrave, only the second occurrence of the +word as before cited, "sheres for shepsters." He gives that author as +authority for the explanation "shepster, a sheep-shearer" (_Dict. of +Archaic Words_, in v.). It has been shown, however, I believe, to have +no more concern with a sheep than a ship. + +The value of your periodical in eliciting the explanation of crabbed +archaisms is highly to be commended. Shall I anticipate Mr. Bolton +Corney, or some other of your acute glossarial correspondents, if +I offer another suggestion, in reply to "C.H." (No. 21. p. 335.), +regarding "gourders of raine?" I have never met with the word in +this form; but Gouldman gives "a gord of water which cometh by rain, +_aquilegium_." Guort, gorz, or gort, in Domesday, are interpreted +by Kelham as "a wear"; and in old French, _gort_ or _gorz_ signifies +"_flot, gorgees, quantite_" (Roquefort). All these words, as well as +the Low Latin _gordus_ (Ducange), are doubtless to be deduced, with +_gurges, a gyrando_. + +ALBERT WAY. + + +_Rococo_ (No. 20. p. 321.).--The _history_ of this word appears +to be involved in uncertainty. Some French authorities derive it +from "_rocaille_," rock-work, pebbles for a grotto, &c.; others +from "_Rocco_," an architect (whose existence, however, I cannot +trace), the author, it is to be supposed, {357} of the antiquated, +unfashionable, and false style which the word "Rococo" is employed +to designate. The _use_ of the word is said to have first arisen in +France towards the end of the reign of Louis XV. or the beginning +of that of Louis XVI., and it is now employed in the above senses, +not only in architecture, but in literature, fashion, and the arts +generally. + +J.M. + +Oxford, March 18. + + +_Rococo_.--This is one of those cant words, of no very definite, +and of merely conventional, meaning, for any thing said or done in +ignorance of the true propriety of the matter in question. "_C'est +du rococo_," it is mere stuff, or nonsense, or rather twaddle. It was +born on the stage, about ten years ago, at one of the minor theatres +at Paris, though probably borrowed from a wine-shop, and most likely +will have as brief an existence as our own late "flare-up," and such +ephemeral colloquialisms, or rather vulgarisms, that tickle the public +fancy for a day, till pushed from their stool by another. + +X. + +March 18. 1850. + + +_God tempers the Wind, &c._--The French proverb, "A brebis tondue +Dieu mesure le vent" (God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb), will +be found in Quitard's _Dictionnaire etymologique, historique et +anecdotique, des Proverbes, et des Locutions proverbiales de la +Langue francaise_, 8vo. Paris, 1842. Mons. Quitard adds the following +explanation of the proverb:--"Dieu proportionne a nos forces les +afflictions qu'il nous envoie." I have also found this proverb in +Furetiere's _Dictionnaire universal de tous les Mots francais_, &c. 4 +vols. folio, La Haye, 1727. + +J.M. + +Oxford. March 18. + + +The proverb, "A brebis pres tondue, Dieu luy mesure le vent," is to +be found in Jan. Gruter. _Florileg. Ethico-polit. part. alt. proverb. +gallic._, p. 353. 8vo. Francof. 1611. + +M. + +Oxford. + + +_Guildhalls_ (No. 20. p. 320)--These were anciently the halls, or +places of meeting, of Guilds, or communities formed for secular or +religious purposes, none of which could be legally set up without +the King's licence. Trade companies were founded, and still exist, +in various parts of the kingdom, as "Gilda Mercatorum;" and there is +little doubt that this was the origin of the municipal or governing +corporate bodies in cities and towns whose "Guildhalls" still +remain--"gildated" and "incorporated" were synonymous terms. + +In many places, at one time of considerable importance, where Guilds +were established, though the latter have vanished, the name of their +Halls has survived. + +Your correspondent "A SUBSCRIBER AB INITIO" is referred to Madox, +_Firma Burgi_, which will afford him much information on the subject. + +T.E.D. + +Exeter. + + +_Treatise of Equivocation_.--In reply to the inquiry of your +correspondent "J.M." (No. 17. p. 263.), I beg to state that, as my +name was mentioned in connection with the Query, I wrote to the Rev. +James Raine, the librarian of the Durham Cathedral Library, inquiring +whether _The Treatise of Equivocation_ existed in the Chapter Library. +From that gentleman I have received this morning the following +reply:--"I cannot find, in this library, the book referred to in +the 'NOTES AND QUERIES,' neither can I discover it in that of Bishop +Cosin. The Catalogue of the latter is, however, very defective. The +said publication ('NOTES AND QUERIES') promises to be very useful." +Although this information is of a purely negative character, yet +I thought it right to endeavour to satisfy your correspondent's +curiosity. + +BERIAH BOTFIELD. + +Nortan Hall. + + +_Judas Bell_ (No. 13. p. 195.; No. 15. p. 235.).--The lines here +quoted by "C.W.G.," from "a singular Scotch poem," evidently mean to +express or examplify discord; and the words "to jingle _Judas bells_," +refer to "bells _jangled, out of tune, and harsh_." + +The Maltese at Valletta, a people singularly, and, as we should +say, morbidly, addicted to the seeming enjoyment of the most horrid +discords, on Good Friday Eve, have the custom of _jangling_ the church +bells with the utmost violence, in execration of the memory of Judas; +and I have seen there a large wooden machine (of which they have +many in use), constructed on a principle similar to that of an +old-fashioned watchman's rattle, but of far greater power in creating +an uproar, intended to be symbolical of the rattling of _Judas's +bones, that will not rest in his grave_. The Maltese, as is well +known, are a very superstitious people. The employment of _Judas +candles_ would, no doubt, if properly explained, turn out to mean to +imply execration against the memory of Judas, wherever they may be +used. But in the expression _Judas bell_, the greatest conceivable +amount of _discord_ is that which is intended to be expressed. + +ROBERT SNOW. + +6. Chesterfield street, Mayfair, March 23. 1850. + + [To this we may add, that the question at present pending + between this country and Greece, so far as regards the + claim of M. Pacifico, appears, from the papers laid before + Parliament, to have had its origin in what Sir Edward Lyon + states "to have been the custom in Athens for some years, to + burn an effigy of Judas on Easter day." And from the account + of the origin of the riots by the Council of the Criminal + Court of Athens, we learn, that "it is proved by the {358} + investigation, that on March 23, 1847, Easter Day, a report + was spread in the parish of the Church des incorporels, + that the Jew, D. Pacifico, by paying the churchwarden of the + church, succeeded in preventing the effigy of Judas from + being burnt, which by annual custom was made and burnt in + that parish on Easter Day." From another document in the same + collection it seems, that the Greek Government, out of respect + to M. Charles de Rothschild, who was at Athens in April, 1847, + forbid in all the Greek churches of the capital the burning of + Judas.] + + +_Grummett_ (No. 20. p. 319.).--The following use of the word whose +definition is sought by "[Greek: Sigma]" occurs in a description of +the _members_ or adjuncts of the Cinque Port of Hastings in 1229:-- + + "Servicia inde debita domino regi xxi. naves, et in qualibet + nave xxi. homines, cum uno garcione qui dicitur _gromet_." + +In quoting this passage in a paper "On the Seals of the Cinque Ports," +in the _Sussex Archaeological Collections_ (Vol. i. p. 16.), I applied +the following illustration:-- + + "_Gromet_ seems to be a diminutive of '_grome_', a + serving-man, whence the modern groom. The provincialism + _grummet_, much used in Sussex to designate a clumsy, awkward + youth, has doubtless some relation to this cabin-boy of the + Ports' navy." + +I ought to add, that the passage above given is to be found in Jeake's +_Charters of the Cinque Ports_. + +MARK ANTONY LOWER. + +Lewes, March 18. 1850. + + +_Grummett_.--Bailey explains, "_Gromets_ or _Gromwells_, the most +servile persons on ship-board," probably, metaphorically, from +"_Gromet_ or _Grummet_," "small rings," adds Bailey, "fastened with +staples on the upper side of the yard." The latter term is still in +use; the metaphorical one is, I believe, quite obsolete. + +C. + + +_Meaning of "Grummett," &c_.--The word is derived from the Low Latin +"_gromettus_", the original of our "groom" (see Ducange's, _Gromes_ +and _Gromus_), and answers to the old French _gourmete_, i.e. +_garcon_. In old books he is sometimes called a "novice" or "page," +and may be compared with the "apprentice" of our marine. He was +employed in waiting on the sailors, cooking their victuals, working +the pumps, scouring the decks, and, in short, was expected to lend +a hand wherever he was wanted, except taking the helm (Clairac, +_Commentaire du premier Article des Rooles d'Oleron_); and, +consequently, is always distinguished from, and rated below, the +mariner or able-bodied seaman. + +The information here given is taken from Jal, _Archeologie navale_, +vol. ii. p. 238. + +A. RICH, Jun. + + * * * * * + +MISCELLANIES. + +_The Duke of Monmouth_.--I made the following note many years ago, +and am now reminded of its existence by your admirable periodical, +which must rouse many an idler besides myself to a rummage amongst +long-neglected old papers. This small piece of tradition indicates +that the adventurous but ill-advised duke was a man of unusual +muscular power and activity. + + "On the 8th of July, 1685, the Duke of Monmouth was brought + a prisoner to Ringwood, and halted at an inn there. My + mother, who was a native of Ringwood, used to relate that her + grandmother was one of the spectators when the royal prisoner + came out to take horse; and that the old lady never failed to + recount, how he rejected any assistance in mounting, though + his arms were pinioned; but placing his foot in the stirrup, + sprang lightly into his saddle, to the admiration of all + observers." + +ELIJAH WARING. + +Dowry Parade, Clifton Hotwells, March 21. 1850. + + * * * * * + +TO PHILAUTUS. + +(_FROM THE LATIN OF BUCHANAN_.) + + Narcissus loved himself we know, + And you, perhaps, have cause to show + Why you should do the same; + But he was wrong: and, if I may, + Philautus, I will freely say, + I think you more to blame. + He loved what others loved; while you + Admire what other folks eschew. + +RUFUS. + + * * * * * + +_Junius_.--Nobody can read, without being struck with the propriety +of it, that beautiful passage in the 8th letter--"Examine your own +breast, Sir William, &c. &c. &c." A parallel passage may however be +found in _Bevill Higgons's Short View of English History_ (temp. Hen. +VI.), a work written before 1700, and not published till thirty-four +years afterwards:-- + + "So weak and fallible is that admired maxim, 'Factum valet, + quot fieri non debuit,' an excuse first invented to palliate + the unfledged villainy of some men, _who are ashamed to be + knaves, yet have not the courage to be honest_." + +I have not quoted the whole of the passage from _Junius_, as I +consider it to be in almost every body's hands. I am collecting some +curious, and I hope valuable, information about that work. + +B.G. + + +_Arabic Numerals_.--Your correspondent T.S.D.'s account of a supposed +date upon the Church of St. Brelade, Jersey, brings to my mind a +circumstance that once occurred to myself, which may, perhaps, be +amusing to date-hunters. Some years ago I visited a farm-house +in the north of England, whose owner had a taste for collecting +curiosities of all sorts. Not the least valuable of his collection +was a splendidly carved oak bedstead, which he considered of great +antiquity. Its date, plainly marked upon the panels at the bottom +of the front posts, was, he told me, 1111. On {359} examining this +astounding date a little closely, I soon perceived that the two middle +strokes had a slight curvature, a tendency to approach the shape of an +S, which distinguished them from the two exterior lines. The date was, +in fact, 1551; yet so small was the difference of the figures, that +the mistake was really a pardonable one. + +Is your correspondent "E.V." acquainted with the _History of Castle +Acre Priory_, published some years ago? If my memory fails me not, +there is a date given in that work, as found inscribed on the plaster +of the Priory wall, much more ancient than 1445. + +Has the derivation of the first four Arabic numerals, and probably +of the ninth, from the ancient Egyptian hieratic and enchorial +characters, for the ordinals corresponding with those numbers, ever +been noticed by writers upon the history of arithmetical notation? +The correspondence will be obvious to any one who refers to the table +given in the 4th vol. of Sir G. Wilkinson's _Ancient Egyptians_ (3rd +edit.), p. 198. + +C.W.G. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +(_IN CONTINUATION OF LISTS IN FORMER NOS._) + +McCULLOCH'S ISLES OF SCOTLAND, 4 vols. 8vo. 1824. + +ARNOT'S ELEMENTS OF PHYSICS. + +LADY MARY FOX--IDEA OF A COUNTRY HOUSE. + +_ODD VOLUMES._ + +MAD. DE STAEL--CONSIDERATIONS ON THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, in 3 vols. +Vol. II. + +WORDSWORTH'S POETICAL WORKS, in 4 vols. Vol II. + +JAMES' NAVAL HISTORY, in 4 vols. Vols. II. and III. + +YOUNG'S ANNALS OF AGRICULTURE, Fortieth and Five remaining volumes. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +We are compelled to omit our usual _Notes on Books_, &c., as well as +many interesting communications. + +NOTES AND QUERIES may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday: +so that our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in +receiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably +not yet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive +Copies in their Saturday parcels. + +T.I. (Lincoln's Inn.) We fear there are mechanical difficulties +(besides others) to prevent our adopting the suggestion of our +Correspondent. + + * * * * * + +LONDON LIBRARY, 12. ST. JAMES'S SQUARE. + +PATRON--HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE ALBERT. + +This institution, originating in the want, so long felt, of a +large and comprehensive Lending Library in the Metropolis, to which +Subscribers might resort for books of a superior class to those +supplied by the Circulating Libraries, now offers to its members a +collection of upwards of FIFTY THOUSAND volumes, to which additions +are constantly making, including almost every new work of interest +and importance, either in English or Foreign Literature. Price of the +large Catalogue already published, 5s. + +Terms of Admission:--Entrance Free, 6l.; Annual Subscription, 2l.; or +Entrance Fee and Life Subscription, 26l. + +The Library is open every day except Sunday, from eleven to six +o'clock. + +By order of the Committee, + +J.G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian. + +March 9th, 1850. + + * * * * * + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, + +NO. CLXXII. IS PUBLISHED THIS DAY. + +CONTENTS: + + I. GIACOMO LEOPARDI AND HIS WRITINGS. + II. RANKE'S HOUSE OF BRANDENBURG. + III. QUEEN'S COLLEGE, LONDON. + IV. GROTE'S HISTORY OF GREECE. + V. URQUHART'S PILLARS OF HERCULES. + VI. FACTS IN FIGURES. + VII. THE DUTIFUL SON. + VIII. CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF LONDON. + IX. BAXTER'S IMPRESSIONS OF EUROPE. + X. LORD LIEUTENANT CLARENDON. + XI. LOUIS PHILIPPE. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albermarle Street. + + * * * * * + +ARCHAEOLOGIA CAMBRENSIS, a RECORD of the ANTIQUITIES of WALES and its +MARCHES, and the Journal of "THE CAMBRIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION," +published Quarterly. Price 2s. 6d. No. 11. New Series, will be +published on the 1st. of April, containing Papers by J.O. Westwood, +Rev. J. Williams, W.W. Ffoulkes, E.A. Freeman (Architecture of +Llandaff Cathedral), &c., &c., with Illustrations by Jewitt. + +Also, now completed, price 11s. cloth lettered, Vol. IV., First +Series, for 1849. Vols. II. and III. may still be had, price 11s. +each, with numerous Illustrations on copper and wood. + +On the 15th of April will be published, reprinted from the ARCHAEOLOGIA +CAMBRENSIS, + +NOTES on the Architectural Antiquities of the District of Gower, in +Glamorganshire. With Illustrations on Copper. By E.A. FREEMAN, M.A., +late Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, Author of the "History of +Architecture," price 2s. + +OBSERVATIONS on the Stone of St. Cadfan, at Towyn. With an +Illustration. By J.O. WESTWOOD, Esq., F.S.A., F.L.S., and the Rev. J. +WILLIAMS, (ab Ithel), price 1s. + +DRUIDIC STONES. By the Rev. J. WILLIAMS. Price 1s. + +The Subscription to the Cambrian Archaeological Association is 1l. +annually, for which Members will have forwarded to them the Journal as +published, quarterly, and in addition, an Annual Volume of important +antiquarian matter, and a Ticket of Admission to the General Meeting. + +London: W. PICKERING. Tenby: R. MASON. + + * * * * * + +THE ATTENTION of Readers of the NOTES AND QUERIES is respectfully +called to Part II. for 1850 of JOHN RUSSELL SMITH'S CATALOGUE of +BOOKS, containing 1250 articles, of an old and curious kind, marked +at very low prices. It may be had _gratis_ on application, or sent +by post on receipt of two postage labels to frank it. Part III. will +be published April 13th, and will contain entirely Old Books and +Autographs. + +4. Old Compton Street, Soho, London. + + * * * * * + +Published every Saturday, price 3d., or stamped, 4d., also in Monthly +Parts. Part V. (for March), price 1s. 3d., now ready. + +NOTES AND QUERIES: a Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, +Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, &c. + +The attention of Publishers and Booksellers is particularly +requested to this Periodical as a medium for advertising. It contains +communications from the most eminent Literary Men, and is circulated +largely amongst the best class of book-buyers. + +In addition to the valuable matter which will be found in its columns, +it contains notices of Book Sales, Booksellers' Catalogues, and Lists +of Books wanted to purchase,--features which it is believed will +be found valuable to Dealers in Old Books, as well as useful to +Purchasers. + +SCALE OF PRICES. + + L s. d. +Six lines and under 0 5 0 +Above six lines, per line 0 0 6 +Half a column 0 16 0 +Column 1 10 0 +Page 2 10 0 + +*** Advertisements much be sent by the WEDNESDAY previous to the +SATURDAY on which they are intended to appear: NOTES AND QUERIES being +issued to the Trade on FRIDAY afternoon. + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + + * * * * *{360} + +NEW WORKS + +TO BE PUBLISHED IN APRIL AND MAY. + +I. Col. W. MURE'S CRITICAL HISTORY of the LANGUAGE and LITERATURE of +ANCIENT GREECE. 3 Vols. 8vo. + +II. The Rev. C. MERIVALE'S HISTORY of ROME under the EMPIRE. Vols. I. +and II. 8vo. + +III. MODERN STATE TRIALS REVISED and ILLUSTRATED. By W.C. TOWNSEND, +Esq. M.A. Q.C. 2 vols. 8vo. + +IV. Mr. S. LAING'S OBSERVATIONS on the SOCIAL and POLITICAL STATE of +the EUROPEAN PEOPLE in 1848 and 1849. 8vo. + +V. ESSAYS SELECTED from CONTRIBUTIONS to the EDINBURGH REVIEW. By +HENRY ROGERS. 2 vols. 8vo. + +VI. JAMES MONTGOMERY'S POETICAL WORKS. Complete in One Volume, with +Portrait and Vignette. Square crown 8vo. + +VII. ALETHEIA; or, the Doom of Mythology: with other poems. By WILLIAM +C.M. KENT. 16mo. + +VIII. The STATISTICAL COMPANION for 1850. By T.C. BANFIELD and C.R. +WELD. Fcap. 8vo. + +IX. Mr. A.K. JOHNSTON'S NEW GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY: forming a +complete General Gazetteer. 8vo. + +X. LOUDON'S ENCYCLOPAEDIA of GARDENING. New Edition (1850). Corrected, +&c. by Mrs. LOUDON. 8vo. with 1,000 Woodcuts. *** Also in 10 Monthly +Parts, 5s. each, from May 1. + +XI. LOUDON'S HORTUS BRITANNICUS. New Edition (1850). Corrected, &c. by +Mrs. LOUDON and W.H. BAXTER. 8vo. + +XII. Sir W.J. HOOKER'S BRITISH FLORA. New Edit. (1850). Corrected by +the Author and Dr. WALKER-ARNOTT. Fcap. 8vo. Plates. + +XIII. HEALTH, DISEASE, and REMEDY FAMILIARLY and PRACTICALLY +CONSIDERED in RELATION to the BLOOD. By Dr. G. MOORE. Post 8vo. + +XIV. The ACTS of the APOSTLES: with Commentary, and Practical and +Devotional Suggestions. By the Rev. F.C. Cook, M.A. Post 8vo. + +XV. The DOMESTIC LITURGY. By the Rev. THOMAS DALE, M.A. New Edition, +separated from 'The Family Chaplain.' 4to. 10s. 6d. + +XVI. The FAMILY CHAPLAIN. By the Rev. THOMAS DALE, M.A. New Edition, +separated from 'The Domestic Liturgy.' 4to. 12s. + +XVII. The EARL'S DAUGHTER. By the Author of 'Amy Herbert,' 'Lancton +Parsonage,' &c. Fcap. 8vo. + +XVIII. PRACTICAL HORSEMANSHIP. By HARRY HIEOVER. With two +plates--'Going like Workmen,' and 'Going like Muffs.' Fcap. 8vo. 5s. + +XIX. Mr. THOMAS TATE'S EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY: or, Familiar +Introduction to the Science of Agriculture. Fcap. 8vo. with Woodcuts. + +XX. Dr. COPLAND on the CAUSES, NATURE, and TREATMENT of PALSY and +APOPLEXY. Post 8vo. + +XXI. Sir B.C. BRODIE'S PATHOLOGICAL and SURGICAL OBSERVATIONS on +DISEASES of the JOINTS. New Edition. 8vo. + +XXII. Dr. REECE'S MEDICAL GUIDE. New Edition (1850), thoroughly +revised, corrected, and improved. 8vo. London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, +and LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + +On the 1st of MAY next will be published, + +HISTORIC RELIQUES; a Series of Representations of ARMS, JEWELLERY, +GOLD and SILVER PLATE, FURNITURE, ARMOUR, &c. in Royal and Noble +Collections, Colleges, and Public Institutions, &c., and which +formerly belonged to Individuals Eminent in History, drawn from the +originals and etched by JOSEPH LIONEL WILLIAMS. + +Relics of antiquity, in themselves most interesting and instructive, +become doubly so when they have belonged to individuals whose deeds +are chronicled in history. Who is there, "to dell forgetfulness a +prey," who does not look with intense interest on objects connected +with the "mighty victor, mighty lord," Edward the Third, the Black +Prince, Henry VIII., the imperious Elizabeth, the ill-fated Mary +of Scotland, or the unhappy Charles I.? Not only of kings, but of +their favourites, and of the illustrious men who have shed lustre on +the various epochs of history, are the relics most instructive and +important. + +The aim of the present publication is to illustrate, by a series of +original Drawings, the various relics which have historical interest, +such as Armour, Dresses, Jewellery, Gold and Silver Plate, Furniture, +&c. formerly belonging to persons celebrated in history, and which are +still treasured up in her Majesty's collections, in the museums of the +nobility and gentry, in colleges, halls, and public museums, &c. + +Some few of the relics of the past, having historical associations +connected with them, have been represented in archaeological works; but +it is necessary to search through many volumes to find even a limited +number of them, and the present work would embrace a great variety +hitherto unrepresented; at the same time, its peculiar feature, that +every subject would be Historical, renders it a book of great novelty +and importance. To the Historian and Antiquary the proposed series +of Illustrations recommends itself by its character and importance; +to the lover of ancient Art, for the beauty of most of the objects +represented; and its claims on the general reader are the connexion +of the Relics with the dead whose actions are the theme of history +and romance. To the Artist these Illustrations will be of essential +importance; and to the Manufacturer of scarcely less value, as the +Relics themselves are, in most cases, either of exquisite beauty of +form or striking and characteristic style, and by furnishing data, +will enable him to carry out designs in the style peculiar to all +periods. + +It is proposed to publish the Work in Monthly Parts, containing three +Etchings drawn with the most scrupulous fidelity, and illustrative +Vignettes beautifully engraved on Wood. The plates will be coloured, +and the size of the Work be imperial 8vo.; a limited number in +imperial 4to.; the subjects fully coloured, and the initial letters +also. + +The Editor will be greatly obliged by communications respecting Relics +of Historic Interest being forwarded to 198. Strand. + +Price 2s. 6d. each Part; to be completed in Ten Parts. Office, 198. +Strand. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5 +New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; +and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish +of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. +186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, March 30. 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries, No. 22., Saturday, +March 30, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES, NO. 22 *** + +***** This file should be named 12198.txt or 12198.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/2/1/9/12198/ + +Produced by Jon Ingram, Internet Library of Early Journals, William +Flis, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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