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diff --git a/old/12038.txt b/old/12038.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aed4874 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/12038.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1482 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Representative Plays by American +Dramatists: 1856-1911: Introduction and Bibliography, by Montrose J. Moses + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Representative Plays by American Dramatists: 1856-1911: + Introduction and Bibliography + +Author: Montrose J. Moses + +Release Date: April 15, 2004 [EBook #12038] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICAN PLAYS 3 *** + + + + +Produced by David Starner and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team + + + + +Representative Plays by American Dramatists +Edited, with an Introduction to Each Play + +By MONTROSE J. MOSES + +1856-1911 + +Illustrated with Portraits, and +Original Playbills + +1921 + + +To BRANDER MATTHEWS + +Friend of the American Theatre +To whom all Critics of the Theatre are beholden. + + + + +Table of Contents + +Introduction. + +Bibliographies. + +Rip Van Winkle: A Legend of the Catskills. A +Comparative Arrangement with the Kerr Version. +By Charles Burke. 1850 + +Francesca da Rimini. By George Henry Boker. 1855 + +Love in '76. An Incident of the Revolution. By Oliver Bell Bunce. 1857 + +Paul Kauvar; or, Anarchy. By Steele Mackaye. 1887 + +Shenandoah. By Bronson Howard. 1888 + +In Mizzoura. By Augustus Thomas. 1893 + +The Moth and the Flame. By Clyde Fitch. 1898 + +The New York Idea. By Langdon Mitchett. 1906 + +The Easiest Way. By Eugene Walter. 1909 + +The Return of Peter Grimm. By David Belasco. 1911 + +The Authors and Their Plays. + + + + +INTRODUCTION + + +The present volume of "Representative Plays by American Dramatists" +includes many hitherto unpublished manuscripts. These are for the first +time made available in authoritative form to the student of the American +theatre. The Editor has tried consistently to adhere to his original +basis of selection: to offer only those texts not generally in +circulation and not used elsewhere in other anthologies. Exactions of +copyright have sometimes compelled him to depart from this rule. He has +been somewhat embarrassed, editorially, by the ungenerous haste with +which a few others have followed closely in his path, even to the point +of reproducing plays which were known to be scheduled for this +collection. For that reason there have been omitted Mr. William +Gillette's "Secret Service," available to readers in so many forms, and +Mr. Percy Mackaye's "The Scarecrow." No anthology of the present +historical scope, however, can disregard George Henry Boker's "Francesca +da Rimini" or Bronson Howard's "Shenandoah." In the instance of Mr. +Langdon Mitchell's "The New York Idea," it is possible to supersede all +previous issues of this refreshing comedy by offering a text which, as +to stage directions, has been completely revised by the author. Mr. +Mitchell wishes to have this regarded as the correct version, and has +himself prepared the "copy" of same. Because of the easy accessibility +of Dion Boucicault's "The Octoroon; or, Life in Louisiana," it was +thought best to omit this Irish-American playwright, whose jovial +prolixity enriched the American stage of the '60's and '70's. His +"London Assurance" is included in the present Editor's collection of +"Representative British Dramas: Victorian and Modern." + +Of more historical significance than Joseph Jefferson's final version of +"Rip Van Winkle," are the two texts upon which Boucicault and Jefferson +based their play. It has been possible to offer the reader a comparative +arrangement of the John Kerr and Charles Burke dramatizations. + +In the choice of Steele Mackaye's "Paul Kauvar; or, Anarchy" a period is +illustrated which might be described as transitional. Executors of the +Augustin Daly estate are not ready to allow any of Daly's original plays +or adaptations to be published. The consequence is "Paul Kauvar" must +stand representative of the eighteen-eighty fervour of Lester Wallack, +A.M. Palmer, and Daly, who were in the Mackaye tradition. + +Oliver Bunce's "Love in '76" has been selected for the same reason that +one might select Clyde Fitch's Revolutionary or Civil War +pieces--because of its bloodless character; because it is one of the +rare parlour comedies of the period. + +Of the new pieces, Fitch's "The Moth and the Flame" has remained +unpublished until now. It exemplifies many of his most sprightly +observational qualities. "The Truth" and "The Girl with the Green Eyes" +are more mature, but are no less Fitchean than this. Mr. David Belasco's +"The Return of Peter Grimm" is as effective in the reading as it was on +the stage under his triumphant management. Mr. Eugene Walter's "The +Easiest Way," at the last moment, was released from publication in the +_Drama League Series of Plays_; it still stands as America's most +cruelly realistic treatment of certain city conditions. In the choice of +Mr. Augustus Thomas's "In Mizzoura"--"The Witching Hour" having so often +been used in dramatic collections--the Editor believes he has +represented this playwright at a time when his dramas were most racy and +native. + +This third volume, therefore, brings examples of the present American +stagecraft to date. Had his policy of selection not been exclusive, but +rather inclusive of plays easily accessible to the student, the Editor +might have reached out for Mr. George C. Hazelton's and Mr. Benrimo's +"The Yellow Jacket," Mr. Charles Kenyon's "Kindling," and Mr. A.E. +Thomas's "Her Husband's Wife." He might likewise have included William +Vaughn Moody's "The Great Divide." These are all representative plays by +American dramatists for some future anthologist, when present editions +become rare. + +But here are offered plays that will enrich the American dramatic +library because of their rarity, and for that reason others have been +excluded, which are easily procurable in print. + +Through the courteous co-operation of Dr. Fred W. Atkinson, Professor +Brander Matthews, officials of the New York Public Library, The Library +Society of Philadelphia, Mr. Robert Gould Shaw, Custodian of the +Dramatic Collection of Harvard College Library, and through the generous +response of the owners of copyrights and manuscripts, the present volume +is made possible. The Editor, through every phase of his work, has had +the unswerving encouragement and assistance of his wife. + +MONTROSE J. MOSES. + +New Hartford, Conn. +August, 1920. + + + + +BIBLIOGRAPHY OF GENERAL WORKS + + +A large bibliography of standard works on the American +Theatre was given in Volume I of the present collection. A +very few of the titles have been repeated here, with the additional +inclusion of books which will present the essential spirit of +modern American playwriting. Some of these works mentioned +contain further bibliographies, and these will enable the student +to go as far in the field as desired. There are still unblazed trails for +the research worker, but these trails are becoming fewer and +fewer, as interest in the study of American Drama as a social +and artistic force progresses. + +ATKINSON, F.W. American Plays. Private Catalogue. Brooklyn, N.Y. + +BAKER, GEORGE PIERCE. Dramatic Technique. Boston: Houghton. 1919. + +BURTON, RICHARD. The New American Drama. New York: Crowell. 1913. + +CHANDLER, FRANK W. Aspects of Modern Drama. New York: Macmillan. + +CHENEY, SHELDON. The Art Theatre. New York: Knopf. 1917. + +CHENEY, SHELDON. The New Movement in the Theatre. New York: Kennerley. +1914. + +CHENEY, SHELDON. The Out-of-door Theatre. New York: Kennerley. 1918. + +CRAWFORD, MARY C. The Romance of the American Theatre. Boston: +Little, Brown. 1913. + +DALY, JOSEPH FRANCIS. Life of Augustin Daly. New York: Macmillan. +1917. + +DICKINSON, THOMAS H. The Case of the American Drama. Boston: Houghton. +1915. + +DICKINSON, THOMAS H. Chief Contemporary Dramatists. Boston: Houghton. +1915. + +HAMILTON, CLAYTON. Problems of the Playwright. New York: Holt. 1917. + +HAMILTON, CLAYTON. Studies in Stagecraft. New York: Holt. 1914. + +HAMILTON, CLAYTON. The Theory of the Theatre. New York: Holt. 1910. + +HENDERSON, ARCHIBALD. The Changing Drama. New York: Holt. 1914. + +HORNBLOW, ARTHUR. A History of the Theatre in America. 2 vols. +Philadelphia: Lippincott. 1919. (The files of the _Theatre Magazine_ +are invaluable as a record of current stage events. Mr. Hornblow has +been the editor of this magazine for many years, from its beginning.) + +HUTTON, LAURENCE. Curiosities of the American Stage. New York: Harper. +1891. + +IRELAND, JOSEPH N. Records of the New York Stage from 1750-1860. 2 +vols. 1866. + +KROWS, ARTHUR E. Play Production in America. New York: Holt. 1916. + +MACKAY, CONSTANCE D. The Little Theatre in the United States. New York: +Holt. 1917. (See also Thomas H. Dickinson's book on the same subject.) + +MACKAYE, PERCY. The Civic Theatre. New York: Kennerley. 1912. + +MACKAYE, PERCY. The Playhouse and the Play. New York: Macmillan. 1909. + +MODERWELL, HIRAM K. The Theatre of To-day. New York: Lane. 1914. + +MOSES, MONTROSE J. The American Dramatist. Boston: Little, Brown. 1917. + +MOSES, MONTROSE J. Famous Actor-Families in America. New York: +Crowell. (o.p.) + +MOSES, MONTROSE J. The Drama (1860-1918). See The Cambridge History +of American Literature. Volume III, Chapter XVIII. Also comprehensive +bibliography. + +NATHAN, GEORGE JEAN. Another Book of the Theatre. New York: Huebsch. +1915. + +NATHAN, GEORGE JEAN. The Popular Theatre. New York: Knopf. 1918. + +PENCE, JAMES HARRY. The Magazine and the Drama. New York: Dunlap +Society. 1896. + +PHELPS, WILLIAM LYON. The Twentieth Century Theatre. New York: +Macmillan. 1918. + +POLLOCK, CHANNING. The Footlights Fore and Aft. Boston: Badger. 1911. + +QUINN, A.H. Representative American Plays. New York: Century. 1917. + +REED, PERLEY I. The Realistic Presentation of American Characters in +Native American Plays Prior to Eighteen Seventy. Ohio State University +Bulletin. Vol. 22, No. 26, May, 1918. + +RODEN, ROBERT F. Later American Plays. New York: Dunlap Society. 1900. + +ROLLAND, ROMAIN. The People's Theatre. New York: Holt. 1918. +(Giving the principles which are spreading and forming a democratic +conception of the theatre.) + +RUHL, ARTHUR. Second Nights. New York: Scribner. 1914. + +SHIPMAN, LOUIS E. The True Adventures of a Play. New York: Kennerley. +1914. + + + + +INDIVIDUAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES FOR PLAYS + +[Transcriber's note: Em-dashes connecting items have been replaced +with new lines for readability.] + + + +RIP VAN WINKLE + +Dion Boucicault. "Dramatization of Rip Van Winkle." _Critic_ (New York), +No. 66, vol. 3, pp. 158-59, April 7, 1883. + +Brown, T. Allston. "History of the New York Stage," 3 vols. New York: +Dodd, Mead. 1903. + +H. C. Bunner. On Jefferson's Rip. See Matthews and Hutton: "Actors and +Actresses in Great Britain and the United States." 5 vols. 1886. + +J.B. Clapp and E.F. Edgett. "Plays of the Present." New York: Dunlap +Society, 1902. + +George William Curtis. On Jefferson's Rip. _Harper's Magazine_, March, +1871. + +L. Clarke Davis. "Among the Comedians." _Atlantic Monthly_, 19:750-61, +June, 1867. + +L. Clarke Davis. "At and After the Play." _Lippincott_, July, 1879. + +Durang. "History of the Philadelphia Stage." Published in the +Philadelphia _Dispatch. + +The Galaxy_, February, 1868. On Hackett's Rip. + +_Harper's Magazine_, 67:617. The Legend of Rip Van Winkle. + +Laurence Hutton. "Curiosities of the American Stage." New York: Harper, +1891. + +Laurence Hutton. "Plays and Players." New York: Hurd & Houghton. 1875. + +Joseph Jefferson. "Autobiography." New York: Century. 1890. + +Jefferson's version of "Rip." New York: Dodd, Mead. 1895. + +Jefferson, Intimate Recollections of (by Eugenie Paul Jefferson). New +York: Dodd, Mead. 1909. + +Jefferson's Rip is detailed in the following magazines: + +_Ev. Sat_., 10: 152, 162. + +_Radical_ (S. Johnson), 6: 133. + +_Nation_ (A. G. Sedgwick), 9: 247. + +_Atlantic Monthly_ (L. C. Davis), 19: 750. + +_Appleton_, 19: 146. + +_Scribner_, 1:216, December, 1870. + +_Harper_, 42: 614, April, 1871. + +_Atlantic Monthly_, 52:695. + +"The Original of Rip Van Winkle." _Lon. M_., 5:229. + +N. M. Ludlow. "Dramatic Life as I Found It." St. Louis: G. I. Jones & +Co. 1880. + +Brander Matthews. On Jefferson's Rip. _Scribner_. July, 1879. + +Brander Matthews. "These Many Years." New York: Scribner. 1917. + +Henry Morley. Journal of a London Playgoer. September 23, 1886. + +Montrose J. Moses. "Famous Actor-Families in America." Chapters and +Bibliographies under Hackett, Jefferson, Boucicault. New York: Crowell. +1906. (o.p.) + +H.P. Phelps. "Players of a Century." Albany, 1880. + +Sol. F. Smith. "Theatrical Management in the West and South for Thirty +Years." New York: Harper. 1868. + +J. B. Thompson, D.D. "The Genesis of the Rip Van Winkle Legend." _Old +Ulster_. Kingston, N.Y. 1914. Vol. 10: 13-26. + +Eugene Tompkins and Quincy Kilby. "History of the Boston Theatre." +Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1908. + +J. Rankin Towse. On Jefferson's Rip. _Century_, January, 1884. + +J. Rankin Towse. "Sixty Years of the Theatre." New York: Funk & +Wagnalls. 1916. + +J.H. Wainwright. Rip Van Winkle. Libretto. Lacy Acting Edition. Vol. 39. + +Walsh (T.). Dion Boucicault The Career of. New York: Dunlap Society, +1915. + +F.C. Wemyss. "Twenty-six Years of the Life of an Actor and Manager." New +York: Burgess, Stringer & Co. 1847. On Hackett's Rip. + +Francis Wilson. "Joseph Jefferson: Reminiscences of a Fellow Player." +New York: Scribner. 1906. + +William Winter. "The Life of David Belasco." 2 vols. New York: Moffat, +Yard & Co. 1918. + +William Winter. The Jeffersons. Boston: J.R. Osgood & Co. 1881. (See +also the Macmillan Life of Jefferson, by Winter. 1894.) + +William Winter. "Other Days." New York: Moffat, Yard. 1908. + +William Winter. "The Wallet of Time." 2 vols. New York: Moffat, Yard. +1913. (Besides the Rip references, see also J.T. Raymond and living's +"Wolfert's Roost.") + + + +GEORGE HENRY BOKER + +General references for Boker, see Allibone, Lamb's Biographical +Dictionary, Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, National +Cyclopedia of American Biography, Warner's Library of the World's Best +Literature. + +Lawrence Barrett, A Professional Sketch of. By Elwyn A. Barren. Chicago: +Knight & Leonard Co. 1889. (For a review of Barrett's opening in +"Francesca," Philadelphia, see telegraphic report in the New York +_Tribune_, September 15, 1882, p. 15.) + +Alfred Bates. Drama. Vol. XX. p. 70. + +Biographical Encyclopedia of Pennsylvanians of the Nineteenth Century. +Philadelphia: Galaxy Publishing Co. 1874. p. 370. + +Magazine references to Boker: _Atlantic Monthly_, 65: 427, March, 1890. +_Book Buyer_, 1900, 2147. _Critic_, January 11, 1890; April 12, 1890; +1898, 33: 240. _Harper's Monthly_, 1882, 4: 633. _Harper's Weekly_, +1871, 15: 1173; 1890, 34: 32. _Sewanee Review_ (J.W. Krutch), October, +1917, 25: 457-68. + +Biographic du tres honorable Georges H. Boker. Ministre des Etats Unis +Amerique aupres de la Sublime Porte. _L'Orient Illustre Journal +Hebdomadaire_, Constantinople, 22 Aug., 1874. + +Reception tendered by the Members of the Union League of Philadelphia to +George H. Boker, Minister of the United States to Turkey, Friday +Evening, December 22, 1871. Philadelphia: 1872. + +Cambridge History of American Literature. New York: Putnam. 1917. 1:494. +Bibliography. + +Century Association: Bryant Festival. 1865. 19. + +J. B. Clapp and E. F. Edgett. "Plays of the Present." New York: Dunlap +Society. 1902. + +E. L. Davenport. A Biography, by E. F. Edgett. New York: Dunlap Society. +1901. (A complete bibliography of Davenport is in Moses' "Famous +Actor-Families in America.") + +Duyckinck, E. A. and G. L. "Cyclopedia of American Literature." +Philadelphia: William Rutter & Co. 1877. 2 vols. 2:710. + +Knickerbocker Gallery. 1855. p. 59. + +Charles Godfrey Leland. A Biography. By Elizabeth Robins Pennell. 2 +vols. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. + +Charles Godfrey Leland. Memoirs. 2 vols. London: Heinemann. 1893. + +Charles Godfrey Leland. Reminiscences of George H. Boker. _The +American_, 1890, March 1. 19:392-94. + +Charles Godfrey Leland. _Sartain's Magazine_, 1851, 8:369-78. + +George Parsons Lathrop. George H. Boker. Authors at Home. xxvii. +_Critic_. n.s. vol. 9, April 14, 1888. + +Morris. "Makers of Philadelphia." p. 78. + +Oberholtzer. "Literary History of Philadelphia." Quinn, A. H. "The +Dramas of George Henry Boker." _Pub. of Modern Language Association of +America_. Vol. 32, no. 2, n.s., Vol. XXV, June, 1917, pp. 233-66. + +T. Buchanan Read, A Memoir of. Philadelphia, 1889. + +Augustus C. Rogers. "Sketches of Our Representatives Abroad." + +Henry Simpson. "Lives of Eminent Philadelphians." Philadelphia: William +Brotherhead. 1859. Charles S. Boker. By Joseph R. Chandler. (With +portrait.) pp. 93-107. + +Edmund Clarence Stedman. Life and Letters of. Edited by Laura Stedman +and George M. Gould. New York: Moffat, Yard. 1910. 2 vols. + +Edmund Clarence Stedman. "Poets of America." Boston: Houghton. 1892. + +Edmund Clarence Stedman. "An American Anthology." Boston: Houghton. +1900. + +E. C. Stedman and Ella M. Hutchinson. "A Library of American +Literature." New York: C. L. Webster & Co. 1889. 8:111-18. + +Richard Henry Stoddard. "Recollections Personal and Literary." Edited by +Ripley Hitchcock. Introduction by Edmund Clarence Stedman. New York: +Barnes. 1903. + +Richard Henry Stoddard. Recollections of George Henry Boker. +_Lippincott_, June, 1890, 45:856-67. + +Bayard Taylor, Life and Letters of. Edited by Marie Hansen-Taylor and +Horace E. Scudder. 2 vols. Boston: Houghton. 1885. + +W. P. Trent. "William Gilmore Simms." Boston: Houghton. 1892. + +William Winter. "The Wallet of Time." 2 vols. New York: Moffat, Yard. +1913. + + + +OLIVER BELL BUNCE + +Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography. + +Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia. 1890. + +T. Allston Brown. "History of the New York Stage." New York: Dodd, Mead. +1903. 3 vols. + +Articles about Bunce in the magazines: _Critic_, May 24, 1890; 16:262. + +_Literary World_ (Boston), 21:192. + +Articles by Bunce: + +"The Players." _Appleton's Journal_, April 3, 1869. + +"Some of Our Actors." _The Galaxy_. 5:165. + +"Ellen Tree." See Editor's Table, _Appleton's Journal_, October, 1880. + +For notices of "Love in '76" see the advertisement in the New York +_Tribune_, February 28, 1857, and see also the New York _Herald_, March +2, 1857. + +W. P. Eaton. "The American Stage of To-day." Boston: Small, Maynard. +1908. pp. 259-69. "Where is Our Drama of '76?" + +Laurence Hutton. "Curiosities of the American Stage." New York: Harper. +1891. + +Lamb. Biographical Dictionary of the United States. + + + +STEELE MACKAYE + +Percy Mackaye. "Steele Mackaye, Dynamic Artist of the American Theatre." +_The Drama_, November, 1911, pp. 138-61; February, 1912, pp. 153-73. + +(Notices of Mackaye's "Paul Kauvar" in the New York _Tribune_ for +December 25, 1887, and other New York papers for the same date. Mr. +Percy Mackaye has in preparation a Life of his father.) + +Montrose J. Moses. "The American Dramatist." Boston: Little, Brown. +1917. Chapter VIII. + +William Winter. "Life of David Belasco." New York: Moffat, Yard. 1918. 2 +vols. Consult indexes. + + + +BRONSON HOWARD + +William Archer, "English Dramatists of To-day." London: Sampson Low, +Marston, Searle, & Rivington. 1882. Chapter on Howard. + +Johnson Briscoe. "The Pioneer American Dramatist." _Green Book_, +11:749-56. May, 1914. + +J. B. Clapp and E. F. Edgett. "Plays of the Present." New York: Dunlap +Society. 1902. + +Barrett H. Clark. "The British and American Drama of To-day." New York: +Holt 1915. Howard, with bibliography, pp. 219-27. + +Eleanor Eustace. "Drama in War Time." _Green Book Album_. 4:776-85. + +James L. Ford. "The Banker's Daughter." _Munsey_, 34:122, 199. + +Daniel Frohman and I. Marcosson. Charles Frohman, A Biography. Manager +and Man. New York: Harper. 1916. Chapter VI. + +Daniel Frohman. "Memories of a Manager." New York: Doubleday, Page. +1911. + +Articles by Bronson Howard: "The American Drama." _Sunday Magazine_, +October 7, 1906, reproduced in this volume. + +"The Autobiography of a Play." With an Introduction by Augustus Thomas. +_Dramatic Museum of Columbia University_. New York, 1914. Papers on +Play-making. II. Series I. (This is also reprinted in the Memorial +Volume mentioned below.) "The Literary Value of Mediocrity." (In the +Memorial Volume, see Howard's address: "Trash on the Stage and the Lost +Dramatists of America." p. 115.) + +"In Memoriam:" Addresses delivered at the Memorial Meeting, Sunday, +October 18,1908, at the Lyceum Theatre, New York. New York, 1910. + +"Dry Ink." _Dramatic Mirror_. Christmas, 1896. 37:939. + +"Schools for the Stage." _Century_, 61:28-37. + +_Bookman_, 10:195 ("The Work of Bronson Howard"). + +_Century Magazine_, 3-465 ("The Plays of Bronson Howard"). + +Hamilton Wright Mabie. "American Plays Old and New." _Outlook_. December +28, 1912. pp. 945-55. + +Brander Matthews. Bronson Howard. _North American Review_. 1908, +188:504-13. (This essay is also in "Gateways to Literature.") New York: +Scribner. 1912. pp. 279-96. + +Brander Matthews. "These Many Years." New York: Scribner. 1917. + +Clara Morris. "Life on the Stage." (See chapter on "Saratoga"), New +York: McClure, Phillips. 1902. + +Montrose J. Moses. "The American Dramatist." Boston: Little, Brown. +1917. Chapter V. + +(A notice of "Shenandoah" is in the New York _Tribune_, September 10, +1889.) + +T. Edgar Pemberton. "Sir Charles Wyndham." London, 1904. + +J. Rankin Towse. Bronson Howard. _Book Buyer_, March, 1898. 16:113-17. + +William Winter. "The Life of David Belasco." 2 vols. New York: Moffat, +Yard. 1918. Consult Indexes for references to Howard. + + + +AUGUSTUS THOMAS + +Barrett H. Clark. "The British and American Drama of To-day." New York: +Holt. 1915. Thomas, with bibliography. + +Montrose J. Moses. "The American Dramatist." Boston: Little, Brown. +1917. Chapter IX. + +Walter P. Eaton. "At the New Theatre and Others." Boston: Small, +Maynard. 1910. "Mr. Thomas's New Birth." ("The Harvest Moon.") pp. +109-16. + +Walter P. Eaton. "Plays and Players." Cincinnati: Stewart & Kidd. 1916. +"As Augustus Thomas Thinks." pp. 25-33. + +Walter P. Eaton. "The American Stage of To-day." Boston: Small, Maynard. +1908. "The Witching Hour." + +Frederick M. Smith. "Mr. Augustus Thomas and Some of His Works." +_Sewanee Review_. April, 1907. XV:192-98. + +William Winter. "The Wallet of Time." 2 vols. New York: Moffat, Yard. +1913. "The Plays of Augustus Thomas." 2:529-57. + +Mr. Thomas wrote the introduction to Bronson Howard's "Autobiography of +a Play." See also his Introductions to the edition of his plays issued +by Messrs. Samuel French. A political article, "The Claims of the +Candidates," lauding W. J. Bryan, was written by Mr. Thomas, and +published in the _North American Review_, June, 1908, 187:801-6. + + + +CLYDE FITCH + +Archie Bell. "The Clyde Fitch I Knew." New York: Broadway Publishing Co. +1909. + +Bibliography of Clyde Fitch. "Modern Drama and Opera." Vol. II. Boston: +The Boston Book Co. 1915. pp. 60-65. + +(Notices of "The Moth and the Flame" are in the New York _Times_, April +12, 1898 and April 17, 1898. E. A. Dithmar.) + +Martin Birnbaum. Critical Appreciation. _Independent_, 67:123-31. + +Barrett H. Clark. "The British and American Drama of To-day." New York: +Holt. 1915. Fitch, with bibliography. + +Walter P. Eaton. "At the New Theatre." Boston: Small, Maynard. 1910. +"The Case of Clyde Fitch." pp. 258-83. This was also published in +_Scribner's_, 46:490-97. + +Norman Hapgood. "The Stage in America. 1897-1900." New York: The +Macmillan Co. 1901. (References to Fitch, Howard, and Thomas.) + +Montrose J. Moses. "The American Dramatist." Boston: Little, Brown. +1917. Chapter X and bibliography. + +Clement Scott. "Drama of Yesterday and To-day." New York: The Macmillan +Co. 1899. 2 vols. + +L.C. Strang. "Plays and Players of the Last Quarter Century." + +For the "Beau Brummell" dispute, both sides, see the biographies of +Richard Mansfield, by Paul Wilstach and William Winter. A Memorial +Edition of "The Plays of Clyde Fitch," edited by Montrose J. Moses and +Virginia Gerson, 4 vols., has been issued by Little, Brown & Co. Boston. +1915. + + + +LANGDON MITCHELL + +William Archer. "The New York Idea." London _Tribune_, May 27, 1907. + +J. B. Clapp and E. F. Edgett. "Plays of the Present." New York: Dunlap +Society. 1902. (Reference to "Becky Sharp.") + +Norman Hapgood. "The Stage in America. 1897-1909." New York: The +Macmillan Co. 1901. + +Joyce Kilmer. Langdon Mitchell, interview with. New York _Times_, +February 20, 1916. + +William Winter. "The Wallet of Time." New York: Moffat, Yard. 1913. 2 +vols. "The Acting of Mrs. Fiske." + + + +EUGENE WALTER + +Barrett H. Clark. "The British and American Drama of To-day." New York: +Holt. 1915. With bibliography. + +Denig, L. "Vicissitudes of a Playwright." _Theatre_, 21:235, May, 1915. + +"The Easiest Way" (Excerpts). _Current Literature_, 51:73-81. + +"The Easiest Way." _Dramatist_, 4:379, July, 1913. + +Walter P. Eaton. "At the New Theatre and Others." Boston: Small, +Maynard. 1910. pp. 93-98. + +Walter P. Eaton. "The American Stage of To-day." ("Paid in Full.") +Boston: Small, Maynard. 1908. pp. 45-57. + +Walter P. Eaton. "Plays of Eugene Walter." _American Magazine_, +November, 1910, 71:121-23. + +Ada Patterson. Interview with Eugene Walter. _Theatre_, October, 1908. +8:272-76. + +Peirce, Francis Lament. "Eugene Walter: An American Dramatic Realist." +_Drama_, February, 1916. Vol. 6. + +Eugene Walter. Sketch of. _Green Book Album_, January, 1911, 5:186-87. + +William Winter. "The Life of David Belasco." 2 vols. New York: Moffat, +Yard. 1918. References in the Indexes to "The Easiest Way," "Just a +Wife." + +William Winter. "The Wallet of Time." 2 vols. New York: Moffat, Yard. +1913. 2:374; 479-88. + +For contemporary criticism on Walter consult the Dramatic Index, and the +Indexes of the New York _Tribune_ and _Times_. + + + +DAVID BELASCO + +Such articles by Mr. Belasco as "The Business of Theatrical Management," +Philadelphia _Saturday Evening Post_, June 7, 1919, may be found by +consulting the Dramatic Index. They are more or less amplified +expressions of opinion which were dwelt upon in his extended +Reminiscences, written for _Hearst's Magazine_, beginning March, 1914. +Constant references to Mr. Belasco are to be found in Winter's "Wallet +of Time." But the monumental "Life of David Belasco," 2 vols., by +Winter, will give all the biographical data necessary for the student to +have. It is issued by Moffat, Yard, New York, 1918. Consult likewise +Montrose J. Moses' "The American Dramatist." Chapter VII. Boston: +Little, Brown. 1917. See also Walter P. Eaton's "Plays and Players." +Cincinnati: Stewart & Kidd. 1916. "Warfield in the Spirit World," pp. +17-24. "Belasco and Hypnotism" (Locke's "The Case of Becky"), pp. 59-65. + + + + +THE AUTHORS AND THEIR PLAYS + + + +RIP VAN WINKLE + +The details are given specifically in the Introduction to the +play, where the different dramatizations are discussed. + + + +GEORGE HENRY BOKER + +Born, Philadelphia, Pa., October 6, 1823. Died, Philadelphia, January 2, +1890. Author of the following plays, with their dates of first +production, or when written: "Calaynos" (London: Sadler's Wells Theatre, +May 10, 1849) (Philadelphia: Walnut Street Theatre, January 20, 1850); +"Anne Boleyn" (1850); "The Betrothal" (Philadelphia: Walnut Street +Theatre, September 25, 1850) (New York: Broadway Theatre, November 18, +1850); "All the World a Mask" (Philadelphia: Walnut Street Theatre, +April 21, 1851); "The Podesta's Daughter" (1852); "The Widow's Marriage" +(1852); "Leonor de Guzman" (Philadelphia: Walnut Street Theatre, October +3, 1853) (New York: Broadway Theatre, April 24, 1853); "Francesca da +Rimini" (New York: Broadway Theatre, September 26, 1855); "The Bankrupt" +(MS. 1853); "Koenigsmark" (1857, 1869); "Nydia" (1885); "Glaucus" (1886), +based on Bulwer-Lytton. + + + +OLIVER BELL BUNCE + +The details are given specifically in the Introduction to "Love +in '76". + + + +STEELE MACKAYE + +Born, Buffalo, New York, June 6, 1842. Died, Timpas, Colorado, on board +train, February 25, 1894. Author of the following plays, with their +dates of first production: "Monaldi" (New York: St. James Theatre, +January 8, 1872), in collaboration with Francis Durivage; "Marriage," +adapted from the French of Feuillet (New York: St. James Theatre, +February 12, 1872); "A Radical Fool," written in London (1873-1874); +"Arkwright's Wife," in collaboration with Tom Taylor (Leeds, England: +Theatre Royal, July 7, 1873); "Silas Marner," a dramatization of George +Eliot's novel, written in London (1873); "Jealousy," with Charles Reade, +written in London (1873-1874); "Rose Michel," based on a French play, in +its turn based on Victor Hugo (New York: Union Square Theatre, November +23, 1875); "Queen and Woman," in collaboration with J. V. Pritchard +(Brooklyn, N. Y.: Theatre, February 14, 1876); "Twins," in collaboration +with A. C. Wheeler (New York: Wallack's Theatre, April 12, 1876); "Won +at Last" (New York: Wallack's Theatre, December 10, 1877); "Through the +Dark" (New York: Fifth Avenue Theatre, March 10, 1879); "An Iron Will" +(Providence, R. I., Low's Opera House, October 27, 1879); "Hazel Kirke" +(New York: Madison Square Theatre, February 4, 1880); "A Fool's Errand," +dramatization from a novel by Judge Tourgee (Philadelphia: Arch Street +Theatre, October 26, 1881); "Dakolar," based on Georges Ohnet's "Le +Maitre de Forges" (New York: Lyceum Theatre, April 6, 1885); "In Spite +of All," founded on Sardou (New York: Lyceum Theatre, September 15, +1885); "Rienzi," based on Bulwer-Lytton's novel (Washington: Albaugh's +Opera House, December 13, 1886; New York production, Niblo's Garden, May +2, 1887); "The Drama of Civilization," a pageant (New York: Madison +Square Garden, November 27, 1887); "Anarchy" (Buffalo, N. Y.: Academy of +Music, May 30, 1887); "Paul Kauvar; or, Anarchy" (New York: Standard +Theatre, December 24, 1887); "A Noble Rogue" (Chicago: Opera House, July +3, 1888); "An Arrant Knave" (Chicago: Opera House, September 30, 1889); +"Colonel Tom" (Boston: Tremont Theatre, January 20, 1890); "Money Mad" +(New York: Standard Theatre, April 7, 1890); "Cousin Larry," written in +1891; "The World Finder," a spectatorio (Chicago; Spectatorium, 1893, +World's Fair). + + + +BRONSON HOWARD + +Born, Detroit, Michigan, October 7, 1842. Died, Avon-by-the-Sea, New +Jersey, August 4, 1908. Author of the following plays, with their dates +of first production: "Fantine" (Detroit, Mich., 1864); "Saratoga" (New +York: Fifth Avenue Theatre, December 21, 1870); "Diamonds" (New York: +Fifth Avenue Theatre, September 26, 1872); "Moorcroft; or, The Double +Wedding" (New York: Fifth Avenue Theatre, October 17, 1874); "Lilian's +Last Love" (Chicago: Hooley's Theatre, September 4, 1877); "Hurricanes" +(Chicago: Hooley's Theatre, May 27, 1878); "Old Love Letters" (New York: +Park Theatre, August 31, 1878); "The Banker's Daughter," being a +revision of "Lilian's Last Love" (New York: Union Square Theatre, +September 30, 1878); "Wives," being an adaptation from Moliere (New +York: Daly's Theatre, October 18, 1879); "Fun in the Green-room" (New +York: Booth's Theatre, April 10, 1882); "The Young Mrs. Winthrop" (New +York: Madison Square Theatre, October 9, 1882); "One of Our Girls" (New +York: Lyceum Theatre, November 10, 1885); "Met by Chance" (New York: +Lyceum Theatre, January 11, 1887); "The Henrietta" (New York: Union +Square Theatre, September 26, 1887); "Baron Rudolph," first named +"Rudolph von Hallenstein" (New York: Fourteenth Street Theatre, October +25, 1887); "Shenandoah" (New York: Star Theatre, September 9, 1889); +"Aristocracy" (New York: Palmer's Theatre, November 14, 1892); "Peter +Stuyvesant," in collaboration with Brander Matthews (New York: Wallack's +Theatre, October 2, 1899). Plays that have never been acted are: "Knave +& Queen," in collaboration with Sir Charles Young, and "Kate," issued, +1906, in book form by Harper & Brothers. + + + +AUGUSTUS THOMAS + +Born, St. Louis, Mo., January 8,1859. Author of the following plays, +with their dates of first production: "Editha's Burglar," with Mrs. F. +H. Burnett (St. Louis: Pope's Theatre, July 1, 1884); "The Burglar" +(Boston: Park Theatre, June, 1888); "A Man of the World" (New York: +Madison Square Theatre, October 30, 1889); "Afterthoughts" (New York: +Madison Square Theatre, November 24, 1890); "Reckless Temple" (New York: +Standard Theatre, October 27, 1890); "Alabama" (New York: Madison Square +Theatre, April 1, 1891); "Colonel Carter of Cartersville," from the +novel by F. Hopkinson Smith (New York: Palmer's Theatre, March 22,1892); +"Holly-Tree Inn" (New York: Union Square Theatre, April 11, 1892); "In +Mizzoura" (Chicago: Hooley's Theatre, August, 1893); "New Blood" (New +York: Palmer's Theatre, September 19, 1894; previously in Chicago); "The +Man Upstairs" (New York: Hoyt's Theatre, April 9, 1895); "The Capitol" +(New York: Standard Theatre, September 9, 1895); "That Overcoat" (1898); +"The Hoosier Doctor" (New York: Fourteenth Street Theatre, April 18, +1898); "The Meddler" (New York: Wallack's Theatre, September 1, 1898); +"Arizona" (Chicago: Grand Opera House, June 12, 1899); "Oliver +Goldsmith" (New York: Fifth Avenue Theatre, March 19, 1900); "On the +Quiet" (New York: Hoyt's Theatre, February 11, 1901); "Colorado" (New +York: Palmer's Theatre, January 12, 1902); "Soldiers of Fortune," from +the novel by Richard Harding Davis (New York: Savoy Theatre, March 17, +1902); "The Earl of Pawtucket" (New York: Madison Square Theatre, +February 5, 1903); "The Other Girl" (New York: Criterion Theatre, +December 23, 1903); "Mrs. Leffingwell's Boots" (New York: Savoy Theatre, +January 11, 1905); "The Education of Mr. Pipp," from pictures by Charles +Dana Gibson, (New York: Liberty Theatre, February 20, 1905); "Delancey" +(New York: Empire Theatre, September 4, 1905); "The Embassy Ball" (New +York: Daly's Theatre, March 5, 1906); "The Ranger" (New York: Wallack's +Theatre, September 2, 1907); "The Witching Hour" (New York: Hackett's +Theatre, November 18, 1907); "The Harvest Moon" (New York: Garrick +Theatre, October 18, 1909); "The Member from Ozark" (Detroit, Mich., +Opera House, 1910); "As a Man Thinks" (New York: 39th Street Theatre, +March 13, 1911); "The Model" (New York: Harris Theatre, August 31, +1912); "Mere Man" (New York: Harris Theatre, November 25, 1912); "Indian +Summer" (New York: Criterion Theatre, October 27, 1913); "Rio Grande" +(New York: Empire Theatre, April 4, 1916); "The Copperhead" (Hartford, +Conn., January 22, 1918); "Palmy Days" (New York: The Playhouse, October +27, 1919); "Under the Bough," previously called "The Blue Devil" and +"Speak of the Devil" (Boston: Colonial Theatre, May 31, 1920). Other +plays credited to Mr. Thomas are: "A Leaf from the Woods," one act (St. +Louis: Pope's Theatre, 1883); "A New Year's Call," one act (St. Louis: +Pope's Theatre, 1883); "A Night's Frolic" (New York: Herald Square +Theatre, 1888); "A Proper Impropriety," one act (New York: Union Square +Theatre, 1889); "Alone" (St. Louis: Pickwick Theatre, 1881); "Chimmie +Fadden," from the book of E. W. Townsend (New York: Palmer's Theatre, +1881); "Combustion" (St. Louis: Pope's Theatre, 1883); "For Money" (New +York: Star Theatre, 1890); "Love Will Find the Way," written for +amateurs; "The Big Rise" (St. Louis: Pope's Theatre, 1881); "The Dress +Suit," written for amateurs only; "The Jucklins" (on the road, 1896); +"The Music Box," written for amateurs only. + + + +CLYDE FITCH + +Born, Elmira, New York, May 2, 1865. Died at Chalons-sur-Marne, +September 4, 1909. Author of the following plays, with their dates of +first production: "Beau Brummell" (New York: Madison Square Theatre, May +17, 1890); "Frederic Lemaitre" (New York: Daly's Theatre, December 1, +1890); "Betty's Finish" (Boston Museum, December 29, 1890); "Pamela's +Prodigy" (London: Royal Court Theatre, October 21, 1891); "A Modern +Match" (New York: Union Square Theatre, March 14, 1892. Later played by +the Kendalsas "Marriage"); "The Masked Ball," from the French of Bisson +(New York: Palmer's Theatre, October 3, 1892); "The Harvest," afterwards +used in "The Moth and the Flame" (Theatre of Arts and Letters, New York: +Fifth Avenue Theatre, January 26, 1893); "April Weather" (Chicago: Opera +House, May 29, 1893); "A Shattered Idol," from the French of Balzac, +"Old Goriot" (St. Paul, Minn.: Globe Theatre, July 31, 1893); "The +Social Swim," adapted from the French of Sardou (New York: Harlem Opera +House, September 22, 1893); "An American Duchess," from the French of +Lavadan (New York: Lyceum Theatre, November 20, 1893); "Mrs. Grundy, +Jun.," from the French, (1894); "Gossip," from the French of Claretie, +in collaboration with Leo Ditrichstein (New York: Palmer's Theatre, +March 11, 1895); "His Grace de Grammont" (Brooklyn: Park Theatre, +September 11, 1895); "Mistress Betty" (New York: Garrick Theatre, +October 15, 1895); "Bohemia," from the French (New York: Empire Theatre, +March 9, 1896); "The Liar," from the French of Bisson (New York: Hoyt's +Theatre, September 2, 1896); "A Superfluous Husband," adapted from the +German, with Leo Ditrichstein (New York: Miner's Fifth Avenue Theatre, +January 4, 1897); "The Moth and the Flame" (New York: Lyceum Theatre, +April 11, 1898); "The Head of the Family," adapted from the German, with +Leo Ditrichstein (New York: Knickerbocker Theatre, December 6, 1898); +"Nathan Hale" (New York: Knickerbocker Theatre, January 2, 1899, having +been given in Chicago the previous January); "Barbara Frietchie" (New +York: Criterion Theatre, October 24, 1899); "The Cowboy and the Lady" +(New York: Knickerbocker Theatre, December 25, 1899); "Sapho," from the +French of Daudet (New York: Wallack's Theatre, February 16, 1900); "The +Climbers" (New York: Bijou Theatre, January 21, 1901); "Lovers' Lane" +(New York: Manhattan Theatre, February 6, 1901); "Captain Jinks of the +Horse Marines" (New York: Garrick Theatre, February 4, 1901); "The Last +of the Dandies" (London, October 24, 1901); "The Way of the World" (New +York: Hammerstein's Victoria, November 4, 1901); "The Girl and the +Judge" (New York: Lyceum Theatre, December 4, 1901); "The Stubbornness +of Geraldine" (New York: Garrick Theatre, November 3, 1902); "The Girl +with the Green Eyes" (New York: Savoy Theatre, December 25, 1902); "The +Bird in the Cage" (New York: Bijou Theatre, January 12, 1903); "Her Own +Way" (New York: Garrick Theatre, September 28, 1903); "Algy" (Chicago: +Garrick Theatre, October 4, 1903); "Major Andre" (New York: Savoy +Theatre, November 11, 1903); "Glad of It" (New York: Savoy Theatre, +December 28, 1903); "The Frisky Mrs. Johnson" (New York: Garrick +Theatre, May 16, 1904); "The Coronet of a Duchess" (New York: Garrick +Theatre, September 21, 1904); "Granny" (New York: Lyceum Theatre, +October 24, 1904); "Cousin Billy," adapted from the French (New York: +Criterion Theatre, January 2, 1905); "The Woman in the Case" (New York: +Herald Square Theatre, January 30, 1905); "Her Great Match" (New York: +Criterion Theatre, September 4, 1905); "Wolfville," a dramatization of a +novel by Alfred Henry Lewis, the play in collaboration with Willis +Steell, (Philadelphia, October 20, 1905); "The Toast of the Town," a +re-writing of "Mistress Betty" (New York: Daly's Theatre, November 27, +1905); "Toddles," from the French (New York: Garrick Theatre, March 16, +1906); "The House of Mirth," a dramatization of Mrs. Edith Wharton's +novel (New York: Savoy Theatre, October 22, 1906); "The Girl Who Has +Everything" (New York: Liberty Theatre, December 4, 1906); "The Truth" +(New York: Criterion Theatre, January 7, 1907; London: Comedy Theatre, +April 6, 1907); "The Straight Road" (New York: Astor Theatre, January 7, +1907); "Her Sister," in collaboration with Cosmo Gordon-Lennox (New +York: Hudson Theatre, December 24, 1907); "Toddles" (New York: Garrick +Theatre, March 16, 1908); "Girls" (New York: Daly's Theatre, March 23, +1908); "The Blue Mouse," adapted from the German (New York: Lyric +Theatre, November 30, 1908); "The Bachelor" (New York: Maxine Elliott +Theatre, March 15, 1909); "A Happy Marriage" (New York: Garrick Theatre, +April 12, 1909); "The City" (New York: Lyric Theatre, December 22, +1909). + + + +LANGDON MITCHELL + +Born, Philadelphia, February 17, 1862. The details are given +specifically in the Introduction to the play. + + + +EUGENE WALTER + +Born, Cleveland, Ohio, November 27, 1874. Author of the following plays, +with their dates of production: "Sergeant James" (Boston Theatre, 1901; +later called "Boots and Saddles," 1909); "The Undertow" (New York: +Harlem Opera House, April 22, 1907); "Paid in Full" (New York: Astor +Theatre, February 25, 1908); "The Wolf" (New York: Bijou Theatre, April +18, 1908); "The Easiest Way" (New York: Belasco Theatre, January 19, +1908); "Just a Wife" (New York: Belasco Theatre, January 31, 1909); "The +Trail of the Lonesome Pine," being a dramatization of John Fox's novel +(New York: New Amsterdam Theatre, January 29, 1912); "Fine Feathers" +(New York: Astor Theatre, January 7, 1913); "The Knife" (New York: Bijou +Theatre, April 12, 1917); "The Heritage," called also "The Assassin" +(New York: The Playhouse, January 14, 1917); "Nancy Lee" (New York: +Hudson Theatre, April 19, 1918); "The Challenge" (Season of 1919-1920). + + + +DAVID BELASCO + +Born, San Francisco, Cal., July 25, 1853. A complete chronology of Mr. +Belasco's plays is to be found in the Winter biography. Here are only +listed those plays written after his arrival in New York. The list does +not include the plays presented by him merely in the capacity as +manager. "May Blossom" (New York: Madison Square Theatre, April 12, +1884); "Valerie," from Sardou (New York: Wallack's Theatre, February 15, +1886); "Baron Rudolph," with Bronson Howard (New York: Fourteenth Street +Theatre, October 24, 1887); "The Wife," with Henry DeMille (New York: +Lyceum Theatre, November I, 1887); "Lord Chumley," with Henry DeMille +(New York: Lyceum Theatre, August 21, 1888); "The Charity Ball," with +Henry DeMille (New York: Lyceum Theatre, November 19, 1889); "Men and +Women," with Henry DeMille (New York: Proctor's 23rd Street Theatre, +October 21, 1890); "Miss Helyett," from the French (New York: Star +Theatre, November 3, 1891); "The Girl I Left Behind Me," with Franklyn +Fyles (New York: Empire Theatre, January 25, 1893); "The Younger Son," +from the German (New York: Empire Theatre, October 24, 1893); "The Heart +of Maryland" (New York: Herald Square Theatre, October 22, 1895); +"Zaza," from the French of Berton and Simon (New York: Garrick Theatre, +January 8, 1899); "Naughty Anthony" (New York: Herald Square Theatre, +January 8, 1900); "Madame Butterfly," from the novel by John Luther Long +(New York: Herald Square Theatre, March 5, 1900); "Du Barry" (New York: +Criterion Theatre, December 25, 1901); "The Darling of the Gods" (New +York: Belasco Theatre, now the Republic, December 3, 1902); "Sweet Kitty +Bellairs," from a novel by the Edgertons (New York: Belasco Theatre, now +the Republic, December 8, 1903); "Adrea," with John Luther Long (Belasco +Theatre, New York, now the Republic, January 11, 1905); "The Girl of the +Golden West" (New York: Belasco Theatre, now the Republic, November 14, +1905); "The Rose of the Rancho," with Richard Walton Tully (New York: +Belasco Theatre, now the Republic, November 27, 1906); "A Grand Army +Man," in collaboration (New York: Stuyvesant Theatre, now the Belasco, +October 16, 1907); "The Lily," from the French of Wolff and Leroux (New +York: Stuyvesant Theatre, now the Belasco, December 23, 1909); "The +Return of Peter Grimm" (New York: Belasco Theatre, January 2, 1911); +"The Secret," from the French of Henry Bernstein (New York: Belasco +Theatre, December 23, 1913); "Van Der Decken" (Wilmington, Del.: The +Playhouse, December 12, 1915.) This list represents only a small part of +Mr. Belasco's activities. + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Representative Plays by American +Dramatists: 1856-1911: Introduction and Bibliography, by Montrose J. Moses + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICAN PLAYS 3 *** + +***** This file should be named 12038.txt or 12038.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/2/0/3/12038/ + +Produced by David Starner and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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