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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries 1850.02.23 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: April 14, 2004 [EBook #12018] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES 1850.02.23 *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, +William Flis, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + + +</pre> + + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page257" + id="page257"></a>{257}</span> + + <h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + + <h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, + ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + <hr /> + + <h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN + CUTTLE.</h3> + <hr class="full" /> + + <table summary="masthead" + width="100%"> + <tr> + <td align="left" + width="25%"><b>No. 17.</b></td> + + <td align="center" + width="50%"><b>February 23. 1850</b></td> + + <td align="right" + width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> + Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h3>CONTENTS.</h3> + + <table summary="Contents" + align="center"> + <tr> + <td align="left">NOTES:—</td> + + <td align="right">Page</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Alfred's Orosius, by R.T. Hampson</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page257">257</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Folk Lore—Omens from + Cattle—Horse's Head—Rush-bearings</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page258">258</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">On Authors and Books, No. 5., by + Bolton Corney</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page259">259</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Plagiarisms, or Parallel Passages, No. + 2.</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page260">260</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">St. Antholin's</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page260">260</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">College Salting, by Rev. Dr. + Maitland</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page261">261</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">A few Dodo Queries, by H.E. + Strictland</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page261">261</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Coleridge's Christabel, Byron's Lara: + Tablet to Napoleon</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page262">262</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Minor Queries:—Howkey or + Horkey—Lord Bacon's Psalms—Treatise of + Equivocation</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page263">263</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Etymology of Armagh, by Rev. Dr. + Todd</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page264">264</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">William Hasse and his Poems, by E.F. + Rimbault, LL.D.</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page265">265</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Beaver Hats—Pisan, by T. Hudson + Turner</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page266">266</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Replies to Minor Queries:—Norman + Pedigrees—Translation of Ælian—Ave + Trici—Daysman—Saveguard—Calamity—Zero—Complutensian + Polyglot—Sir W. + Rider—Pokership—Havior, Heavier or + Hever—Sir W. Hamilton—Dr. Johnson's + Library</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page266">266</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">MISCELLANIES:—</td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Etymology of News—The Golden + Age</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page270">270</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, + &c.</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page270">270</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes wanted</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page271">271</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page271">271</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td align="left">Advertisements</td> + + <td align="right"><a href="#page271">271</a></td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr /> + + <h3>KING ALFRED'S GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE.</h3> + + <p>The sketch of Europe, which our illustrious Alfred has + inserted in his translation of <i>Orosius</i>, is justly + considered, both here and on the Continent, as a valuable + fragment of antiquity<a id="footnotetag1" + name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a>; + and I am sorry that I can commend little more than the pains + taken by his translators, the celebrated Daines Barrington + and Dr. Ingram, to make it available to ordinary readers. + The learned judge had very good intentions, but his + knowledge of Anglo-Saxon was not equal to the task. Dr. + Ingram professedly applied himself to correct both Alfred's + text and Barrington's version, so far as relates to the + description of Europe; but in two instances, occurring in + one passage, he has adopted the judge's mistake of proper + names for common nouns. I do not call attention to the + circumstance merely as a literary curiosity, but to preserve + the royal geographer from liability to imputations of + extraordinary ignorance of his subject, and also to show the + accuracy of his delineation of Europe at that interesting + epoch, whence the principal states of Europe must date their + establishment.</p> + + <p>King Alfred, mentioning the seat of the Obotriti, or + Obotritæ, as they are sometimes named, a Venedic nation, + who, in the 9th century, occupied what is now the duchy of + Mecklenburg, calls them <i>Apdrede</i>, and says—"Be nor + than him is apdrede, and cast north wylte the man æfeldan + hæt."<a id="footnotetag2" + name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a></p> + + <p>Barrington translates the words thus:—"To the north is + Aprede, and to the north east the wolds which are called + Æfeldan."<a id="footnotetag3" + name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a></p> + + <p>Dr. Ingram has the following variation:—"And to the + east north are the wolds which are called Heath + Wolds."<a id="footnotetag4" + name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a> + To the word <i>wolds</i> he appends a + note:—"<i>Wylte</i>. See on this word a note + hereafter." Very well; the promised note is to justify the + metamorphosis of the warlike tribe, known in the annals and + chronicles of the 9th century as the Wilti, Wilzi, Weleti, + and Welatibi, into heaths and wolds. Thirty pages further on + there is a note by J. Reinhold Forster, the naturalist and + navigator, who wrote it for Barrington in full confidence + that the translation was correct:—"The Æfeldan," + he says, "are, as king Alfred calls them, <i>wolds</i>; + there are at present in the middle part of Jutland, large + tracts of high moors, covered with <i>heath</i> only."</p> + + <p>Of <i>wylte</i>, Dr. Ingram writes:—"This word has + never been correctly explained; its original signification is + the same, whether written felds, fields, velts, welds, wilds, + wylte, wealds, walds, walz, wolds, &c. &c." And on + <i>heath</i>, he says:—"Mr. Forster seems to have read + Hæfeldan (or Hæthfeldan), which indeed, I find in + the Junian MS. inserted as a various reading by Dr. Marshall + (<i>MSS. Jun. 15</i>.). It also occurs, further on in the MS., + without any various reading. I have therefore inserted it in + the text."</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page258" + id="page258"></a>{258}</span> + + <p>Dr. Marshall seems to have understood the passage. What King + Alfred says and means is this:—"On the north are the + Apdrede (Obotritæ), and on the north east of them are the + Wylte, who are called Hæfeldi."</p> + + <p>The anonymous Saxon Poet, who wrote the life of Charlemagne, + gives the same situation as Alfred to the Wilti:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Gens est Slavorum Wilti cognomine dicta,</p> + + <p>Proxima litoribus quæ possidet arva + supremis</p> + + <p>Jungit ubi oceano proprios Germania + fines."<a id="footnotetag5" + name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a></p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Helmold says that they inhabited the part of the coast + opposite to the island of Rugen; and hereabouts Adam of Bremen + places the <i>Heveldi</i>, and many other Slavonic + tribes.<a id="footnotetag6" + name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a> + I am not aware that any other author than Alfred says, that + the Wilti and Heveldi were the same people; but the fact is + probable. The Heveldi are of rare occurrence, but not so the + Wilti.<a id="footnotetag7" + name="footnotetag7"></a><a href="#footnote7"><sup>7</sup></a> + Ptolemy calls them + Βελται—Veltæ + or Weltæ—and places them in Prussian Pomerania, + between the Vistula and Niemen. Eginhard says that "they are + Slavonians who, in our manner, are called Wilsi, but in + their own language, Welatibi."<a id="footnotetag8" + name="footnotetag8"></a><a href="#footnote8"><sup>8</sup></a> + Their country was called Wilcia,<a id="footnotetag9" + name="footnotetag9"></a><a href="#footnote9"><sup>9</sup></a> + and, as a branch of them were settled in Batavia about 560, + it does not seem very improbable that from them were derived + the Wilsæton of the Anglo-Saxon chronicles, meaning + the <i>Wilts seated</i>, or settlers in Wilts-shire. The + name, as Eginhard has noticed, is Slavic, and is an adoption + of <i>welot</i> or <i>weolot</i>, a giant, to denote the + strength and fierceness which rendered them formidable + neighbours. <i>Heveldi</i> seems to be the same word made + emphatic with a foreign addition.</p> + + <p>Two other names have been given much trouble to the + translators, as well as to Mr. Forster. These are, + <i>Mægtha Land</i> and <i>Horiti</i> or <i>Horithi</i>, + for both occur, and the latter is not written with the letter + <i>thorn</i>, but with a distinct <i>t</i> and <i>h</i>. Alfred + has, unquestionably, met with the Slavic <i>gorod</i>, which so + frequesntly occurs as the termination of the names of cities in + the region where he indicates the seat of his Horiti to be. It + signifies a city, and is an etymological equivalent of Goth. + <i>gards</i>, a house, Lat. <i>cors, cortis</i>; O.N. + <i>gardr</i>, a district, A.-Sax. <i>geard</i>, whence our + <i>yard</i>. The Polish form is <i>grodz</i>, and the Sorabic, + <i>hrodz</i>. He places the Horiti to the east of the Slavi + Dalamanti, who occupied the district north east of Moravia, + with the <i>Surpe</i>, that is, Serbi, Servi, on their north, + and the <i>Sisle</i>, Slusli, another Slavonic people, on the + west. This appears to be the site possessed by the Hunnic + founders of Kiow. In Helmold, Chunigord, <i>the city or station + of the Huns</i>, is the name of the part of Russia containing + Kiow.<a id="footnotetag10" + name="footnotetag10"></a><a href="#footnote10"><sup>10</sup></a></p> + + <p>To the north of Horiti, says Alfred, is <i>Mægtha + Land</i>.—A Finnic tribe, called Magyar, were settled in + the 9th century in Mazovia, whence a part of them descended + into Hungary. According to Mr. Forster, Mazovia has been called + <i>Magan Land</i>; but I can find no trace of that name. I can + easily conceive, however, that <i>Magyar</i> and <i>Land</i> + might become, in Saxon copying, Mægtha Land, for the + country of the Magyar. Elsewhere, Alfred uses Mægtha + Land, the land of the Medes, for Persia.</p> + + <p>Is there any other printed copy of the Saxon <i>Orosius</i> + than Barrington's? for that forbids confidence by a number of + needless and unauthorised alterations in most of the pages.</p> + + <p class="author">R.T. HAMPSON</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + <p><i>Omens from Cattle</i>.—I forward to you a + <i>Note</i>, which, many years ago, I inserted in my + interleaved Brand's <i>Observations on Popular Antiquities</i>, + vol. ii. p. 519. 4to., in the hope that, as the subject + interested me <i>then</i>, it may not prove uninteresting to + some <i>now</i>:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"A bad omen seems to be drawn from <i>an ox or cow + breaking into a garden</i>. Though I laugh at the + superstition, the omen was painfully fulfilled in my + case.</p> + + <p>"About the middle of March, 1843, some cattle were + driven close to my house; and, the back door being open, + <i>three</i> got into our little bit of garden, and + trampled it. When our school-drudge came in the afternoon, + and asked the cause of the confusion, she expressed great + sorrow and apprehension on being told—said it was a + bad sign—and that we should hear of <i>three</i> + deaths within the next six months. Alas! in April, we heard + of dear J——'s murder; a fortnight after, + A—— died; and to-morrow, August 10th, I am to + attend the funeral of my excellent son-in-law.</p> + + <p>"I have just heard of the same omen from another + quarter."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>This was added the next day:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"But what is still more remarkable is, that when I went + down to Mr. ——'s burial, and was mentioning the + superstition, they told me that, while he was lying ill, a + cow got into the front garden, and was driven out with + great difficulty."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">L.S.</p> + + <p><i>The Horse's Head—Rush-bearings.</i>—The + account of the Welch custom of the "Grey Mare" in a late Number + reminded me of something very similar in Cheshire. In the + parish of Lynn it is customary, for a week or ten days before + the 5th <span class="pagenum"><a name="page259" + id="page259"></a>{259}</span> of November, for the skeleton + of a horse's head, dressed up with ribbons, &c., having + glass eyes inserted in the sockets, and mounted on a short + pole by way of handle, to be carried by a man underneath, + covered with a horse-cloth. There is generally a chain + attached to the nose, which is held by a second man, and + they are attended by several others. In houses to which they + can gain access, they go through some kind of performance, + the man with the chain telling the horse to rear, open its + mouth, &c. Their object, of course, is to obtain money. + The horse will sometimes seize persons, and hold them fast + till they pay for being set free; but he is generally very + peaceable,—for in case of resistance being offered, + his companions frequently take flight, and leave the poor + horse to fight it out. I could never learn the origin of + this strange custom. I remember, when very young, having a + perfect horror of meeting this animal in the dark.</p> + + <p>Another custom, which I suppose prevails in some other + places, is the "Rush-bearing." At the annual Wakes a large + quantity of rushes are collected together, and loaded on a + cart, almost to the height of a load of hay. They are bound on + the cart, and cut evenly at each end. On the Saturday evening a + number of men sit on the top of the rushes, holding garlands of + artificial flowers, tinsel, &c. The cart is drawn round the + parish by three or four spirited horses, decked out with + ribbons,—the collars being surrounded with small bells. + It is attended by morris-dancers, dressed in strange + style,—men in women's clothes, &c. One big man in + woman's clothes, with his face blacked, has a belt round his + waist, to which is attached a large bell, and carries a ladle, + in which he collects money from the spectators. The company + stop and dance at the principal public-houses in their route, + and then proceed to the parish church(!), where the rushes are + deposited, and the garlands hung up very conspicuously, to + remain till the next year. I believe a custom somewhat similar + exists in the adjoining parish of Warburton, but not carried + out in such grand style.</p> + + <p>It would be very interesting if your correspondents in + different parts of the country would send accounts of these + relics of the barbarous ages.</p> + + <p class="author">JULIUS.</p> + + <p>Runcorn, Feb. 13. 1850.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>ON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. 5.</h3> + + <p>As a writer of dedications, Samuel Johnson was the giant of + his time. He once said to Boswell, the subject arising at a + dinner-party, "Why, I have dedicated to the royal family all + round,"—and the <i>honest chronicler</i> proves that he + spoke advisedly.</p> + + <p>Compositions of this nature admit much variety of character. + A dedication may be the pure homage which we owe to merit, or + the expression of gratitude for favours received, or a memorial + of cherished friendship; and such dedications, in point of + motive, are beyond the reach of censure—I may fairly + assert, are very commendable. Nevertheless, Johnson left no + compositions of either class: "the <i>loftiness</i> of his + mind," as Boswell gravely states, "prevented him from ever + dedicating in his own person."</p> + + <p>A more equivocal sort of dedication also prevailed. A book + was supposed to require the prefix of some eminent name as its + patron, in order to ensure its success. Now the author, though + very capable of writing with propriety on his chosen theme, + might be unequal to the courtly style which dedicators were + wont to display, and as the <i>complement</i> was to be + returned <i>substantially</i>, he might be tempted to employ a + superior artist on the occasion. It was chiefly under such + circumstances that the powers of Johnson were called into + action. By what arguments the stern moralist would have + endeavoured to justify the deception, for it deserves no better + name, is more than I can undertake to decide, and I submit the + query to his enthusiastic admirers.</p> + + <p>To the dedications enumerated by the faithful Boswell, and + by his sharp-sighted editors, Malone and Croker, I have to + announce on <i>internal</i> evidence, a gorgeous addition! It + is the dedication to Edward Augustus, Duke of York, of <i>An + Introduction to Geometry</i>, by William Payne, London: T. + Payne, at the Mews Gate, 1767. 4º., 1768. 8º. I + transcribe it <i>literatim</i>. It wants no comment:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF YORK.</p> + + <p>"SIR,</p> + + <p>"They who are permitted to prefix the names of princes + to treatises of science generally enjoy the protection of a + patron, without fearing the censure of a judge.</p> + + <p>"The honour of approaching your royal highness has given + me many opportunities of knowing, that the work which I now + presume to offer will not partake of the usual security. + For as the knowledge which your royal highness has already + acquired of GEOMETRY extends beyond the limits of an + introduction. I expect not to inform you; I shall be happy + if I merit your approbation.</p> + + <p>"An address to such a patron admits no recommendation of + the science. It is superfluous to tell your royal highness + that GEOMETRY is the primary and fundamental art of life; + that its effects are extended through the principal + operations of human skill; that it conducts the soldier in + the field, and the seaman in the ocean; that it gives + strength to the fortress, and elegance to the palace. To + your royal highness all this is already known; GEOMETRY is + secure of your regard, and your opinion of its usefulness + and value has sufficiently appeared, by the condescension + in which you have been pleased to honour + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page260" + id="page260"></a>{260}</span> one who has so little + pretension to the notice of princes, as</p> + </blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Sir,</p> + + <p class="i2">"Your royal highnesses [sic]'</p> + + <p class="i4">"Most obliged,</p> + + <p class="i6">"Most obedient,</p> + + <p class="i8">"And most humble servant,</p> + + <p class="i10">"WILLIAM PAYNE."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>A short preface follows, which bears marks of reparation. It + may have received some touches from the same masterly hand.</p> + + <p>The <i>external</i> evidence in favour of the ascription of + the above piece to Johnson, if slight in itself, is not devoid + of significance. He had dedicated a book for the same author, + which book was also published by Mr. Thomas Payne, who was his + brother, in 1756.</p> + + <p class="author">BOLTON CORNEY.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>PLAGIARISMS, OR PARALLEL PASSAGES. No. 2.</h3> + + <h4>[<i>Continued from No. 11. p. 163.</i>]</h4> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Dans les premières passions les femmes aiment + l'amant; dans les autres elles aiment l'amour."—La + Rouchefoucauld, <i>Max.</i> 494.</p> + </blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"In her first passions woman loves her lover,</p> + + <p>In all the others all she loves is love,</p> + + <p>Which grows a habit she can ne'er get over,</p> + + <p>And fits her loosely—like an easy glove," + etc.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><i>Don Juan</i>, canto iii. st. iii.</p> + + <p>There is no note on <i>this</i> passage; but on the + concluding lines of the <i>very next</i> stanza,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Although, no doubt, her first of love affairs</p> + + <p>Is that to which her heart is wholly granted;</p> + + <p>Yet there are some, they say, who have had + <i>none</i>,</p> + + <p>But those who have ne'er end with only + <i>one</i>,</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>we have the following editorial comment:—"These two + lines are a versification of a saying of Montaigne." (!!!) The + saying is <i>not</i> by Montaigne, but by La + Rochefoucauld:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"On peut trouver des femmes qui n'ont jamais eu de + galanterie; mais il est rare d'en trouver qui n'en aient + jamais eu qu'une."—<i>Max.</i> 73.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Byron borrows the same idea again:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Writing grows a habit, like a woman's gallantry. There + are women who have had no intrigue, but few who have had + but one only; so there are millions of men who have never + written a book, but few who have written only + one."—<i>Observations upon an Article in Blackwood's + Magazine</i>; <i>Byron's Works</i>, vol. xv. p. 87, Moore's + Edition, 17 vols duod. London, 1833.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Both the silence of the author, and the blunder of his + editor, seem to me to prove that <i>Les Maximes</i> are not as + <i>generally</i> known and studied as they deserve to be.</p> + + <p class="author">MELANION.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>ST. ANTHOLIN'S.</h3> + + <p>Your correspondent MR. RIMBAULT (No. 12.) has made rather a + grave charge against my predecessors in office as churchwardens + and overseers of this parish; and although, I regret to say, + such accusations of unjust stewardship and dereliction of duty + are frequently and with justice imputed to some parish + officers, yet I am happy to be able, in this instance, to + remove the stigma which would otherwise attach to those of St. + Antholin. The churchwardens' accounts are in good preservation, + and present (in an unbroken series) the parish expenditure for + nearly three centuries.</p> + + <p>Mr. Rimbault has doubtless been misled by some error in the + description of the MSS. in Mr. Thorpe's catalogue (as + advertised by him for sale), which were probably merely + extracts from the original records.</p> + + <p>The first volume commences with the year 1574, and finishes + in 1708; the accounts are all written at the time of their + respective dates, and regularly signed by the auditors then and + there present as correct.</p> + + <p>I have made numerous extracts from these interesting + documents, and <i>notes</i> thereon, which I shall at some + future time be happy to lay before your readers, if you should + consider them of sufficient importance.</p> + + <p>As a voucher for what I have stated with regard to their + existence, and to give some idea of their general character, I + have selected (at random) a few items from the year + 1580-1:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"The Accompte of Henrie Jaye, Churchwarden of the + Parishe of St. Antholyne, from the feaste of the Anunciacon + of our Ladye in Anno 1580 unto the same feaste followinge + in Anno 1581."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Among the "receaittes" we have—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"R<sup>d</sup> of Mr. Thorowgoode for an olde font stone,</p> + + <p class="i2">by the consente of a vestrie v<sup>s</sup> + iiij<sup>d</sup></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"R<sup>d</sup> for the clothe of + <i>bodkine</i><a id="footnotetag11" + name="footnotetag11"></a><a href="#footnote11"><sup>11</sup></a> + y<sup>t</sup> Ser Roger</p> + + <p class="i2">Marten hade before in keppinge, and + now</p> + + <p class="i2">sold by the consente of a vestry and + our</p> + + <p class="i2">mynnister iij<sup>li</sup> vj<sup>s</sup> viij<sup>d</sup></p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"The Payments as followithe:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"P<sup>d</sup> to the wife of John Bakone <i>gwder</i> of + the</p> + + <p class="i2">Lazer cotte at Myle + End<a id="footnotetag12" + name="footnotetag12"></a><a href="#footnote12"><sup>12</sup></a> + in full of her + due</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page261" + id="page261"></a>{261}</span> + + <p class="i2">for keppinge of Evan Redde y<sup>t</sup> was + Mr.</p> + + <p class="i2">Hariots mane till his departtur and for + his</p> + + <p class="i2">Shete and Burialle as dothe apere xl<sup>s</sup> + viij<sup>d</sup></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"P<sup>d</sup> for makinge of the Longe pillowe & the</p> + + <p class="i2">pulpit clothe ij<sup>s</sup></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"P<sup>d</sup> for a yard and a nale of fustane for the + same</p> + + <p class="i2">pillowe xvj<sup>d</sup></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"P<sup>d</sup> for silke to the same pillowe xvj<sup>d</sup></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"P<sup>d</sup> for xj<sup>li</sup> of fethers for the same pillowe, + at</p> + + <p class="i2">v<sup>d</sup> - - iiij<sup>s</sup> vij<sup>d</sup></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"P<sup>d</sup> for brede and beer that day the quen cam</p> + + <p class="i2">in xij<sup>d</sup></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"P<sup>d</sup> for candells and mendinge the + <i>baldrocke</i><a id="footnotetag13" + name="footnotetag13"></a><a href="#footnote13"><sup>13</sup></a> + vj<sup>d</sup></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"P<sup>d</sup> for paynttinge y<sup>e</sup> stafe of the survayer + iij<sup>d</sup></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"P<sup>d</sup> for mendynge the lytell bell iij<sup>s</sup></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Pd to Mr. Sanders for the yearly rent of the</p> + + <p class="i2">Laystall and skowringe the + <i>harnes</i><a id="footnotetag14" + name="footnotetag14"></a><a href="#footnote14"><sup>14</sup></a> + for</p> + + <p class="i2">his yer iij<sup>s</sup> viij<sup>d</sup></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"P<sup>d</sup> to Mr. Wright for the makinge of the + Cloke<a id="footnotetag15" + name="footnotetag15"></a><a href="#footnote15"><sup>15</sup></a></p> + + <p class="i2">mor than he gatheride, agred one at the + laste</p> + + <p class="i2">vestrie xvij<sup>s</sup></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"P<sup>d</sup> to Peter Medcalfe for mending the Cloke</p> + + <p class="i2">when it neade due at o<sup>r</sup> Ladies Daye + laste</p> + + <p class="i2">past in Anno 1581 iij<sup>s</sup></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"P<sup>d</sup> for entringe this account xx<sup>d</sup>."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">W.C., JUNIOR,</p> + + <p>Overseer of St. Antholin, 1850.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>QUERIES.</h2> + + <h3>COLLEGE SALTING.</h3> + + <p>Mr. Editor.—If your very valuable work had existed in + October, 1847, when I published in the <i>British Magazine</i> + a part of Archibishop Whitgift's accounts relative to his + pupils while he was Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, I + should certainly have applied to you for assistance.</p> + + <p>In several of the accounts there is a charge for the pupil's + "salting;" and after consulting gentlemen more accurately + informed with regard to the customs of the university than + myself, I was obliged to append a note to the word, when it + occurred for the first time in the account of Lord Edward + Zouch, in which I said, "I must confess my inability to explain + this word; and do not know whether it may be worth while to + state that, on my mentioning it to a gentleman, once a + fellow-commoner of the college, he told me, that when, as a + freshman, he was getting his gown from the maker, he made some + remark on the long strips of sleeve by which such gowns are + distinguished, and was told that they were called 'salt-bags,' + but he could not learn why; and an Oxford friend tells me, that + going to the buttery to drink salt and water was part of the + form of his admission.... This nobleman's (<i>i.e.</i> Lord + Edward Zouch's) amounted to 4<i>s.</i>, and that of the Earl of + Cumberland to 3<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i>, while in other cases it + was as low as 8<i>d.</i>" To this I added the suggestion that + it was probably some fee, or expense, which varied according to + the rank of the parties. It afterwards occurred to me that this + "salting" was, perhaps, some entertainment given by the + new-comer, from and after which he ceased to be "fresh;" and + that while we seem to have lost the "salting" both really and + nominally, we retain the word to which it has reference.</p> + + <p>Be this as it may, my attention has just now been recalled + to the question by my accidentally meeting with one of Owen's + epigrams, which shows that in his time there was some sort of + salting at Oxford, and also of peppering at Winchester. As I + doubt not that you have readers well acquainted with the + customs of both these seats of learning, perhaps some may be + good enough to afford information. Owen was at Oxford not many + years after Whitgift had been Master of Trinity at Cambridge, + if (as Wood states) he took his bachelor's degree in 1590. The + epigram is as follows:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Oxoniæ salsus (juvenis tum) more vetusto;</p> + + <p class="i2">Wintoniæque (puer tum) piperatus + eram.</p> + + <p>Si quid inest nostro piperisve salisve libello,</p> + + <p class="i2">Oxoniense sal est, Wintoniense + piper."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>It is No. 64 in that book of epigrams which Owen inscribed + "Ad Carolum Eboracensem, fratrem Principis, filium Regis," p. + 205, edit. Elz, 1628. 12mo. I give this full reference in order + to express my most hearty sympathy with the righteous + indignation of my highly respected friend, your correspondent + "L.S." (No. 15 p. 230.), against imperfect references. I do + not, however, agree with him in thinking it fortunate that he + is not a "despotic monarch;" on the contrary, now that I have + not to take up verses, or construe Greek to him, I should like + it of all things; and I am sure the world would be much the + better for it.</p> + + <p class="author">S.R. MAITLAND.</p> + + <p>Gloucester, Feb. 18. 1850.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>A FEW DODO QUERIES.</h3> + + <p>The discovery and speedy extinction of that extraordinary + bird the DODO, belongs rather to + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page262" + id="page262"></a>{262}</span> human history than to pure + zoology, and I therefore hope that a few Queries relating to + this curious subject will be admissible into your + publication. I have already, in the work entitled <i>The + Dodo and its Kindred</i>, and in the Supplementary notices + inserted last year in the <i>Annals and Magazine of Natural + History</i> (ser. 2. vol. iii. pp. 136, 259; vol. iv. p. + 335), endeavoured to collect together the <i>omne scitum</i> + of the Dodo-history, but I am satisfied that the <i>omne + scibile</i> is not yet attained.</p> + + <p><i>Query I.</i>—Is there any historical record of the + first discovery of Mauritius and Bourbon by the Portuguese? + These islands bore the name of <i>Mascarenhas</i> as early as + 1598, when they were so indicated on one of the De Bry's maps. + Subsequent compilers state that they were thus named after + their Portuguese discoverer, but I have not succeeded in + finding any notice of them in the histories of Portuguese + expeditions to the East Indies which I have consulted. The only + appartently authentic indication of their discovery, that I am + aware of, is the pillar bearing the name of John III. of + Portugal, and dated 1545, which is stated by Leguat, on Du + Quesne's authority, to have been found in Bourbon by Flacour, + when he took possession of the island in 1653.</p> + + <p><i>Query II</i>.—It appears from Leguat's <i>New + Voyage to the East Indies</i>, London, 1708, pp. 2, 37., that + the Marquis Du Quesne, being desirous of sending out a colony + from Holland to the Isle of Bourbon in 1689 or 1690, published + (probably in Dutch) an account of that Island, with a view of + inducing emigrants to go thither. I should be greatly obliged + if any of your readers can tell me the title, date, and place + of publication of this book, and where a copy of it is to be + seen or procured.</p> + + <p><i>Query III</i>.—Are there in existence any original + oil-paintings of the Dodo by Savery or any other artist, + besides the five described in the <i>Dodo and its + Kindred</i>—viz., the one at the Hague, at Berlin, at + Vienna, at the British Museum, and at Oxford? And are there any + original engravings of this bird, besides that in De Bry, in + Clusius, in Van den Broecke, in Herbert, in Bontekoc, and in + Bontius, of all which I have published fac-similes?</p> + + <p><i>Query IV</i>.—Are there any <i>original</i> authors + who mention the Dodo as a living bird, besides Van Neck, + Clusius, Heemskerk, Willem van West-Zanen, Matelief, Van der + Hagen, Verhuffen, Van den Broecke, Bontekoe, Herbert, Cauche, + Lestrange, and Benjamin Harry? Or any authority for the + <i>Solitaire</i> of Rodriguez besides Leguat and D'Heguerty; or + for the Dodo-like birds of Bourbon besides Castelton, + Carré Sieur D.B., and Billiard?</p> + + <p><i>Query V</i>—In Rees' <i>Cyclopæia</i>, + article BOURBON, we are told that in that island there is "a + kind of large bat, denominated <i>l'Oiseau bleu</i>, which are + skinned and eaten as a great delicacy." Where did the compiler + of the article pick up this statement?</p> + + <p><i>Query VI</i>.—Is there in existence any figure, + published or unpublished, of the Dodo-like bird which once + inhabited the Isle of Bourbon?</p> + + <p><i>Query VII</i>—What is the derivation or meaning of + the words <i>Dodaers</i> and <i>Dronte</i>, as applied to the + Dodo?</p> + + <p><i>Query VIII</i>.—Sir Hamon Lestrange has recorded + that about 1638 he saw a living Dodo exhibited in London. (See + <i>Sloane MSS</i>. 1839, v. p. 9. in Brit. Mus.; Wilkin's ed. + of <i>Sir T. Browne's Works</i>, vol. i. p. 369.; vol. ii, p. + 173.; <i>The Dodo and its Kindred</i>, p. 22.) Is there any + contemporary notice extant in print or in MS. which confirms + this statement? A splendidly bound copy of <i>The Dodo and its + Kindred</i> will be given to any one who can answer this query + affirmatively.</p> + + <p><i>Query IX</i>.—In Holme's <i>Academy of Armory and + Blazou</i>, Chester, 1688, p. 289, we find a Dodo figured as an + heraldic device, a fac-simile of which is given in the + <i>Annals of Natural History</i>, 2nd series, vol. iii. p. 260. + The author thus describes it: "He beareth Sable a <i>Dodo</i> + or <i>Dronte</i> proper. By the name of <i>Dronte</i>. This + exotic bird doth equal a swan in bigness," &c. &c. Now + I wish to ask, where did this family of <i>Dronte</i> reside? + Is anything known concerning them? How did they come by these + arms? and are any members of the family now living?</p> + + <p><i>Query X.</i>—From a passage in the <i>Histoire de + l'Académie Royale des Sciences</i>, 1776, p. 37, it + appears that Pingré the French astronomer, published, or + at least wrote, a relation of his voyage to Rodriguez, in which + he speaks of <i>Solitaires</i>. Is this the fact? and if so, + what is the title of his work?</p> + + <p class="author">H.E. STRICKLAND.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>ON PASSAGES IN COLERIDGE'S CHRISTADEL AND BYRON'S LARA. + TABLET TO NAPOLEON.</h3> + + <p>I am one of those who look upon the creations of our great + poets as deserving illustration almost as much as actual + history; and I am always distressed when I meet with passages + representing events with respect to which I cannot make up my + mind as to what the author meant, or intended his readers to + believe. Two of these occur to me at this moment, and I shall + be much obliged by any of your correspondents giving, in your + pages, brief replies to my queries, or referring me to any + published works where I may find their solution.</p> + + <p>1. What did Coleridge mean to represent or imply in his tale + of <i>Christabel</i>? Who or what was Geraldine? What did + Christabel see in her, at times, so unutterably horrible? What + is meant by "the ladye strange" making Christabel <i>carry</i> + her over the sill of the portal? &c., + &c.</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page263" + id="page263"></a>{263}</span> + + <p>2. What does Byron mean us to infer that Lara <i>saw</i> in + his hall that midnight, when he so alarmed his household + with</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"A sound, a voice, a shriek, a fearful call,</p> + + <p>A long loud shriek—and silence."?</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The poet, it is true, seems to refuse, purposely, to let his + readers into the truth, telling them:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Whate'er his frenzy dream'd or eye beheld,</p> + + <p>If yet remember'd, ne'er to be reaveal'd,</p> + + <p>Rests at his heart."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>But still, I conceive there can be no doubt that <i>he knew + the truth</i> (I speak as of realities), —knew what he + intended to represent by so full and elaborate a delineation of + a scene. And it is the author's meaning and intention that I + wish to come at.</p> + + <p>I will ask one more question relative to this magnificent + poem (which I don't think has had justice done it by the + critics), but one respecting which I hardly think there can be + any doubt as to the author's secret meaning:—Is not the + <i>Kaled</i> of <i>Lara</i> the <i>Gulnare</i> of the + <i>Giaour</i>?</p> + + <p>Before concluding, I will add a query on a very different + subject.</p> + + <p>3. Many of your readers have, doubtless, seen the large + marble tablet erected by the Vallaisians in honour of Napoleon, + in the Convent of the Great St. Bernard. A recent traveller in + Switzerland (Dr. Forbes) has, I find, noticed the inscription, + and questioned, as I had done, both its meaning and Latinity. I + extract this author's note as expressing exactly the point on + which I desiderate information:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Having doubts both as to the precise meaning and + lingual purity of the compound epithet <i>Bis Italicus</i>, + here applied to Napoleon, I subjoin the passage in which it + occurs, for the judgement of the learned:—</p> + + <p>'NAPOLEONI ... ÆGYPTIACO BIS ITALICO SEMPER + INVICTO ... GRATA RESPUBLICA.'"—<i>A Physician's + Holiday</i>, p. 468.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">EMDEE.</p> + + <p>Athenæum, January 26. 1850.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + + <p><i>Howkey or Horkey.</i>— Can anybody explain the + etymology of the word <i>Howkey</i> or <i>Horkey</i>, generally + used to denote a harvest-home merriment in our eastern + counties? Forbes speaks of it as an intractable word, and + neither he nor Sir J. Cullum have succeeded in explaining it + satisfactorily.</p> + + <p class="author">BRAYBROOKE.</p> + + <p>Audley End, Feb. 16.</p> + + <p><i>Lord Bacon's Metrical Version of the + Psalms.</i>—The answer in No. 15. p. 235. to A + CORNISHMAN'S Query (No. 13. p. 202) respecting "Bacon's + Metrical Version of the Psalms," suggests another query. The + work in question was a mere "exercise of sickness;" it contains + only seven psalms (the 1st, 12th, 90th, 104th, 126th, 137th, + and 149th), and is, without pretension of any kind, a very + proper diversion for a mind that could not be inactive and yet + required rest; and very good verses for a man unpractised in + metrical composition. The <i>Collection of Apophthegms</i> + (also a recreation in sickness), though considerably larger and + altogether weightier, was considered so trifling a work that + Dr. Rawley, in his "perfect list of his Lordship's true works, + &c.," appended to the first edition of the + <i>Resuscitatio</i> (1657), either forgot or did not think fit + to mention it. Yet both these trifles were not only written but + <i>published</i>, by Bacon himself the year before his + death—a thing quite contrary to his practice; for though + he had written and carefully preserved and circulated in + manuscript so much, he had till then published nothing that was + not of the weightiest and most solid kind. Can any of your + correspondents inform me how much two such books may possibly + have been <i>worth</i> to a publisher in the year 1625; being + works of low price and popular character, proceeding from an + author of great name? How much is it reasonable to suppose that + a publisher may have given for the copyright? or how far may it + have gone towards the payment of a bookseller's bill?</p> + + <p class="author">J.S.</p> + + <p>Feb. 7. 1850.</p> + + <p><i>Treatise of Equivocation.</i>—I shall feel happy + if, through your very opportune medium, I can obtain some + information respecting a very extraordinary and mysterious + book, as to its existence, local habitation, and any other + <i>material</i> circumstance, which has the title of <i>A + Treatise of Equivocation.</i> The first recognition of the work + is in the <i>Relation of the Proceedings in the Trial for the + Powder Plot</i>, 1604. At signat. I. the Attourney-General, Sir + E. Coke, appeals to it, and affirms that it was allowed by the + Archpriest Blackwel, and that the title was altered to <i>A + Treatise against Lying and Fraudulent Dissimulation</i>. He + proceeds to describe some of its contents, as if he were + himself acquainted with the book. Thomas Morton, Bishop of + Lichfield, and Coventry, afterwards of Durham, in his <i>Full + Satisfaction concerning a double Romish Iniquitie; Rebellion + and Equivocation</i>, 1606, refers to the work as familiarly + acquainted with it. (See Ep. Dedic. A. 3.; likewise pages 88 + & 94.) He gives the authorship to Creswell or Tresham. He + refers likewise to a Latin work entitled <i>Resolutio + Casuum</i>, to the same effect, possibly a translation, to + which he subjoins the names of Parsons and Allen. Robert Abbot, + in his <i>Antilogia</i>, 1613, pp. 13, 14. emphatically and at + length produces the same book and facts; but they are merely + copied from the <i>Relation</i> of the Powder-treason Trial. + Henry Mason, in his most satisfactory work, <i>The New Art of + Lying, &c.</i>, 1624, has spoken of the + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page264" + id="page264"></a>{264}</span> <i>Treatise</i> with the same + familiarity (see p. 51.), and elsewhere, if my memory does + not deceive me. Dodd, in his <i>Church + history</i>,—when will the new edition begin to move + again? Can Stonyhurst tell?—ascribes the work to + Tresham. Hardly any of the similar works in these times + belong to <i>one</i> author. It may just be added, that + Parson's <i>Mitigation</i> contains, perhaps, all the + substance of the Roman equivocation, with not much reserve + or disguise. It was published in answer to Bishop Morton's + work in 1607. Foulis has, of course, substantially all the + above, but nothing more.</p> + + <p>Now, the questions which I want to have solved are + these:—Was the book ever extant in MS. Or print? Is it + now extant, and where? Who has seen a copy? What is its size, + date, and extent? Has the Durham Cathedral Library, in + particular, a copy? Mr. Botfield might have informed us. In + fact, where is any effectual intelligence of the fugitive to be + found?</p> + + <p class="author">J.M.</p> + + <p>Feb. 8. 1850.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>REPLIES.</h2> + + <h3>ETYMOLOGY OF "ARMAGH."</h3> + + <p>Some of your correspondents have taken up the not unnatural + idea, that the last syllable of the word "Armagh" is identical + with the Celtic word <i>magh</i>, a plain. But there are two + objections to this. In the first place, the name is never spelt + in Irish <i>Armagh</i>, nor even <i>Ardmagh</i>, but always + ARDMACHA. <i>Ardmagh</i> or <i>Armagh</i> is only the + anglicised spelling, adapted to English tongues and ears. It is + therefore clearly absurd to take this corrupt form of the word + as our <i>datum</i>, in the attempt to search for its + etymology. Secondly, the Irish names of places which are + derived from, or compounded of, <i>magh</i>, a plain, are + always anglicised, <i>moy, moi, mow</i>, or <i>mo</i>, to + represent the pronunciation: as Fermoy, Athmoy, Knockmoy, + Moira, Moyagher, Moyaliffe (or Me-aliffe, as it is now commonly + spelt), Moville, Moyarta, and thousands of other cases. And + those who are acquainted with the Irish language will at once + tell, by the ear, that <i>Armagh</i>, as the word is pronounced + by the native peasantry, even by those who have lost that + language (as most of them in that district now have), could not + be a compound of <i>magh</i>, a plain.</p> + + <p>The work of M. Bullet, quoted by your correspondent + "HERMES," is full of ignorant blunders similar to that which he + commits, when he tells us that Armagh in compounded of + "<i>Ar</i>, article, and <i>mag</i>, ville." The article, in + Irish, is <i>An</i>, not <i>ar</i>; and <i>mag</i> does not + signify a town. He adopts, your readers will perceive, the + modern English spelling, which could not lead to a correct + result, even if M. Bullet had been acquainted with the Celtic + languages. The same remark applies to the explanation given by + the author of <i>Circles of Gomer</i>. <i>Ard</i>, not + <i>Ar</i>, is the word to be explained; and therefore, even + though <i>Ar</i> and <i>Ararat</i> meant, as he tells us, + "earth, country, or upon and on the earth," this would throw no + light on the etymology of ARD<i>macha</i>.</p> + + <p>"HIBERNICUS" (No. 14. p. 217.) is partly right and partly + wrong; he adopts the anglicised spelling of the second + syllable, although he seems aware that the first syllable ought + to be <i>Ard</i>; and he admits also that this word is a + substantive, signifying a <i>height</i>, not the adjective + <i>high</i>. "A high plain," in Irish, would be, not Ardmagh, + or Ardmoy (as it would have been anglicised), but + <i>Magh-ard</i> (Anglice <i>Moyard</i>). Great light will be + thrown on the whole subject of the etymology of Irish + typographical names, when the Index to my friend Mr. + O'Donovan's edition of the <i>Annals of the Four Masters</i> + makes its appearance.</p> + + <p>I may add too, in conclusion, that Camden is wrong in + suggesting that <i>Armach</i> (as he spells it, retaining, + curiously enough, the correct etymology of the last syllable) + is identical with <i>Dearmach</i> (where the last syllable + ought to be <i>magh</i>). This latter place is the well-known + Durrow, in the county Westmeath; and its name, in Irish, is + <i>Duir-magh</i>, which is really a compound from <i>magh</i>, + a plain. Bede tells us, that the word signified, in the + Scottish language, <i>Campus roborum</i> (see Bede, <i>Hist. + Eccl.</i> lib. iii. c. 4.); but Adamson (<i>Vit. + Columbæ</i>, c. 39.) more correctly translates it, + "monasterium <i>Roboreti Campi</i>." It is not likely that such + authorities could confound Durrow, in Westmeath, with the + ecclesiastical metropolis of Ireland, and patriarchal see of + St. Patrick.</p> + + <p>Whoever the Mach or Macha was from whom Ardmacha has its + name (whether the queen called Macha-mong-ruadh, whose reign is + assigned by O'Flaherty to A.M. 3603, or the older Macha, who is + said to be the wife of Nemedius), it should be borne in mind, + that the word whose etymology is required is + ARDMACHA<a id="footnotetag16" + name="footnotetag16"></a><a href="#footnote16"><sup>16</sup></a>, + and not <i>Armagh.</i> What would be thought of the critic + who would now attempt to investigate the etymology of the + English word <i>bishop</i>, by dividing it into two + syllables, and seeking analogies in sound for each + syllable.</p> + + <p>I have ventured to go at greater length into this matter + than its importance may seem to warrant, because it illustrates + so clearly a very general error, from which Celtic literature + has deeply suffered, of inventing fanciful etymologies adapted + to the modern English spellings, instead of the original Celtic + forms of names; and this error, as the question before us + proves, is as old as Camden's time, and older.</p> + + <p class="author">J.H. TODD.</p> + + <p>Trin. Coll. Dublin, Feb. 2, 1850.</p> + <hr /> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page265" + id="page265"></a>{265}</span> + + <h3>WILLIAM BASSE AND HIS POEMS.</h3> + + <p>I read with great pleasure MR. COLLIER'S interesting paper + on "William Basse and his Poems," inserted in your 13th Number. + Very little is known of this once popular poet, but it is very + desirable that that little should be collected together, which + cannot be better effected than through the friendly system of + inter-communication established by your valuable journal.</p> + + <p>From my limited researches upon this subject, it appears + that there were two poets of the name of William Basse. Anthony + Wood (<i>Athen. Oxon.</i>, edit. Bliss. iv. 222.) speaks of one + William Basse, of Moreton, near Thame, in Oxfordshire, who was + some time a retainer of Lord Wenman, of Thame Park, <i>i.e.</i> + Richard Viscount Wenman, in the peerage of Ireland. And I find + among my MS. biographical collections that a William Basse, of + Suffolk, was admitted a sizar of Emanuel College, Cambridge, in + 1629. A.B. 1632, and A.M. in 1636. The William Basse who wrote + <i>Great Brittaines Sunnes-set</i> in 1613, was also the author + of the MS. collection of poems entitled <i>Polyhymnia</i>, + mentioned by MR. COLLIER. In proof of this it is merely + necessary to notice the dedication of the former "To his + Honourable Master, Sir Richard Wenman, Knight," and the verses + and acrostics in the MS. "To the Right Hon. the Lady Aungier + Wenman, Mrs. Jane Wenman, and the truly noble, vertuous, and + learned Lady, the Lady Agnes Wenman." Basse's Poems were + evidently intended for the press, but we may conjecture that + the confusion of the times prevented them from appearing. + Thomas Warton, in his <i>Life and Literary Remains of Ralph + Bathurst, M.D.</i>, has a copy of verses by the Dr. "To Mr. W. + Basse, upon the intended publication of his Poems, January 13, + 1651;" to which the learned editor adds, "I find no account of + this writer or his poems." The whole consists of forty-four + verses, from which I extract the beginning and the + end:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Basse, whose rich mine of wit we here behold</p> + + <p>As porcelain earth, more precious, 'cause more + old;</p> + + <p>Who, like an aged oak, so long hath stood,</p> + + <p>And art religion now as well as food:</p> + + <p>Though thy grey Muse grew up with elder times,</p> + + <p>And our deceased grandsires lisp'd thy rhymes;</p> + + <p>Yet we can sing thee too, and make the lays</p> + + <p>Which deck thy brow look fresher with thy + praise.</p> + <hr /> + + <p>Though these, your happy births, have silent + past</p> + + <p>More years than some abortive wits shall last;</p> + + <p>He still writes new, who once so well hath sung:</p> + + <p>That Muse can ne'er be old, which ne'er was + young."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>These verses are valuable as showing that Basse was living + in 1651, and that he was then an aged man. The Emanuelian of + the same name, who took his M.A. degree in 1636, might possibly + be his son. At any rate, the latter was a poet. There are some + of his pieces among the MSS. in the Public Library, Cambridge; + and I have a small MS. volume of his rhymes, scarcely soaring + above mediocrity, which was presented to me by an ancient + family residing in Suffolk.</p> + + <p>A poem by William Basse is inserted in the <i>Annalia + Dubrensia</i>, 1636, in praise of Robert Dover and his revival + of the Cotswold Games; but it is not clear to which of these + poets we may ascribe it. Malone attributes two rare volumes to + one or other of these poets. The first, a translation or + paraphrase of Juvenal's tenth satire, entitled <i>That which + seems Best is Worst</i>, 12mo., 1617; the second, "A Miscellany + of Merriment," entitled <i>A Helpe to Discourse</i>, 2nd edit. + 8vo., 1620: but the former is more probably the work of William + Barkstead. I may mention that a copy of Basse's <i>Sword and + Buckler, or Serving Man's Defence</i>, 1602, is among Malone's + books in the Bodleian.</p> + + <p>Izaac Walton speaks of William Basse, "one that hath made + the choice songs of the <i>Hunter in His Career</i>, and of + <i>Tom of Bedlam</i>, and many others of note." The ballad + mentioned by MR. COLLIER, "Maister Basse his Career, or the + Hunting of the Hare," is undoubtably the one alluded to by + Walton. I may add, that it is printed in <i>Wit and + Drollery</i>, edit. 1682. p. 64.; and also in <i>Old + Ballads</i>, 1725, vol. iii. p. 196. The tune is contained in + the <i>Shene MS.</i>, a curious collection of old tunes in the + Advocate's Library, Edinburgh; and a ballad entitled + <i>Hubert's Ghost</i>, to the tune of <i>Basse's Carrier</i>, + is preserved among the Bagford Collection of Old Ballads in the + British Museum. With regard to the second ballad mentioned by + Walton, our knowledge is not so perfect. Sir John Hawkins in a + note (<i>Complete Angler</i>, 5th edit. p. 73.) + says:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"This song, beginning—</p> + + <p class="i2">'Forth from my dark and dismal cell,'</p> + </div> + </div> + + <blockquote> + <p>with the music to it, set by Hen. Lawes, is printed in a + book, entitled <i>Choice Ayres, Songs and Dialogues, to + sing to the Theorbo Lute, and Bass Viol</i>, folio. 1675, + and in Playfield's <i>Antidote against Melancholy</i>, 8vo. + 1669, and also in Dr. Percy's <i>Reliques of Ancient + English Poetry</i>, vol. ii. p. 350; but in the latter with + a mistake in the last line of the third stanza, of the word + <i>Pentarchy</i> for <i>Pentateuch</i>."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>A copy of the <i>Choice Ayres</i>, 1675, is now before me, + but Henry Lawes's name does not appear to the song in question. + Sir John has evidently made a mistake; the air of <i>Mad + Tom</i> was composed by John Cooper, alias <i>Giovanni + Coperario</i>, for one of the Masques perfomed by the Gentlemen + of Gray's Inn. (See <i>The English Dancing Master</i>, 1651, in + the British Museum, and Additional MS. 10,440, in the same + repository.) With regard to the ballad itself, there is an + early copy (of the latter part of the sixteenth century) + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page266" + id="page266"></a>{266}</span> preserved in the Harleian + MSS., No. 7332, fol. 41. It purports to have been</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Written (i.e. transcribed) be Feargod Barebone, who + being at many times idle and wanting employment, wrote out + certain songs and epigrams, with the idea of mending his + hand in writing."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>There is another copy among Malone's MSS. in the Bodleian + (No. 16. p. 55.), where it is entitled <i>A new Tom of + Bedlam</i>. But I contend there is no evidence to show that + this is the ballad alluded to by Walton; none of the copies + having the name of the author. We have two other songs + (probably more) bearing the same title of <i>Tom of Bedlam</i>; + one beginning, "From the top of high Caucasus;" the other + commencing, "From the hag and hungry goblin;" either of which + are quite as likely to have been intended as that mentioned + above.</p> + + <p>It still remains a question, I think, which of the two + Basses was the author of the ballads mentioned by Walton. But I + have already trespassed so long upon your valuable space that I + will leave the further consideration of the subject until a + future period: in the meantime, perhaps some of your + correspondents may be enabled to "illuminate our darkness" upon + the various knotty points.</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>BEAVER HATS—PISAN.</h3> + + <p>Allow me to say a few words in reply to your correspondent + "GASTROS." His quotation from Fairholt (<i>Costume in + England</i>), who cites Stubbes's <i>Anatomy of Abuses</i> as + the earliest authority for the use of beaver hats in England, + is not a satisfactory reply to my query; inasmuch as I am aware + that beaver hats were occasionally worn by great people in this + country some centuries before Stubbes was born. For example, + Henry III. possessed "unum capellum de Bevre cum apparatu auri + et lapidibus preciosis;" as appears from the "Wardrobe + Account," of the 55th year of his reign. I have, therefore, + still to ask for the <i>earliest</i> instance of the use of + hats or caps of this material in England; such hats, as well as + gloves, are mentioned in several English inventories made + between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries. Is there any + example earlier than the time of Henry III.?</p> + + <p>"GASTROS" has also obligingly replied to my query as to "the + meaning of the term <i>Pisan</i>, used in old records for some + part of defensive armour," but he seems to have forgotten that + I expressly stated that term had no relation to "the fabrics of + Pisa;" at least such is my belief. With regard to the inventory + of the arms and armour of Louis le Hutin, taken in 1316, + printed in Meyrick's <i>Ancient Armour</i>, to which he kindly + refers me, it may be observed that the said inventory is so + perversely translated in the first edition of that work (just + now I have no means of consulting the second), as to be all but + useless; indeed it might be termed one of the most + extraordinary literary performances of modern times, as the + following instance may suffice to show. One of the items of the + inventory is, "une cote gamboisée à arbroissiaus + d'or broudées à chardonereus;" and it is thus + rendered into English, "a gamboised coat with a rough surface + (like a thicket;—<i>note</i>) of gold embroidered on the + nap of the cloth!" The real signification is "a gamboised coat + embroidered in gold, with little bushes (or trees), with + gold-finches [on them]." But I am rather wandering from my + point: I never could ascertain on what authority Sir Samuel + Meyrick asserted that "jazeran armour," as he calls it, was + formed of "overlapping plates." The French word <i>jazeran</i> + was derived from the Italian <i>ghiazarino</i>, or + <i>ghiazzerino</i>, which signified "a gorget of mail," or what + some of our antiquaries have termed "a standard of mail;" in + France this word always preserved its relation to mail, and in + process of time came to be applied to so lowly an object as a + flagon-chain: see Cotgrave's <i>Fr. Dict.</i> ed. 1673. + Roquefort, indeed, says a "jaserans" was a cuirass, but to my + apprehension the passage which he quotes from the <i>Roman + d'Alexandre</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Es haubers, <i>jazerans</i>, et ès elmes + gemez"—</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>seems to prove that, in that instance at least, a gorget is + meant. At any rate, the translation of the passage in the + inventory to which "GASTROS" refers should be, "three Pisan + collerets of steel mail," not that given by Meyrick. Here we + have clearly a fabric of Pisa: whereas the <i>pisan</i>, of + which I desire to know the meaning, invariable occurs as an + independent term, e.g. "<i>item, unum pisanum</i>," or "<i>unum + par pisanorum</i>." Of course I have my own conjecture on the + subject, but should be glad to hear other opinions; so I again + put the question to your correspondents. In conclusion I would + observe to "GASTROS" that they must be <i>very</i> late MSS. + indeed in which such a contraction as <i>pisan</i> for + <i>partisan</i> can be found. If you have room, and think it + worth while, I will from time to time send you some corrections + of the more flagrant errors of Meyrick.</p> + + <p class="author">T. HUDSON TURNER.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> + + <p><i>Norman Pedigrees</i>. In reference to your correspondent + "B.'s" inquiries, he will find much information in the + Publications de la Société des Antiquaires de + Normandie. Under their auspices, M. Estancelin published in + 1828 a full history of the Earls of Eu. I am not aware of any + full collection of pedigrees of the companions of William the + Conqueror: the names of several of the lands from which they + took their designations yet remain.</p> + + <p class="author">W. DURRANT + COOPER.</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page267" + id="page267"></a>{267}</span> + + <p><i>Norman Pedigrees.</i>—In answer to "B.'s" query + (No. 14. p. 214.), an excellent Gazetteer was published in + Paris, 1831, entitled <i>Dictionnaire Complet + Géographique, Statistique, et Commercial de la France et + de ses Colonies; par M. Briand-de-Verzé</i>, pp. 856. + Many of the names of the Conqueror's Norman companions will be + found in that work; as, for instance, Geoffrey de + "<i>Mandeville</i>, village. Calvados arrondissement, + 31½ O.N.O. de Bayeaux," &c.</p> + + <p>Norman de <i>Beauchamp</i>: three Beauchamps are mentioned; + that 51. from Avranches will be the one in question.</p> + + <p class="author">C.I.R.</p> + + <p>Oxford, Feb. 19. 1850.</p> + + <p><i>Norman Pedigrees.</i>—Your correspondent "B." (No. + 14. p. 214.) would probably find part of the information he + seeks in <i>Domesday Book, seu Censualis Willelmi Primi Regis + Angliæ</i>. But query? Is "B." right in supposing the + prefix "De" to be <i>French</i>? Does it not rather originate + in the <i>Latin</i>?</p> + + <p>"Domesday" is written in Latin throughout; and the "de," + denoting the place, is there occasionally followed by what + seems to be the Latin ablative case. I copy an + example:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Canonici de Hansone ten. l. hida de Sansone," (i.e. + loc. in co. Stafford.)</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Then of the person it is said—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Sanson ten. de rege, &c.... iii. hid. træ in + Hargedone," &c.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">J.S.</p> + + <p><i>Translation of Ælian.</i>—In answer to the + query of "G.M." in No. 15. p. 232., I beg to state that in + Lowndes's <i>Manual</i>, vol. i. p. 13., is the following + notice under the head of "Ælianus Claudius:"—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Various Histories translated by T. Stanley, London, + 1665, 8vo. 5<i>s.</i> This translation is by the son of the + learned editor of Æschylus, and was reprinted 1670. + 1677."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">C.I.R.</p> + + <p><i>Ave Trici and Gheeze Ysenoudi.</i>—I regret that I + cannot give "H.L.B." any further information about these ladies + than the colophon I transcribed affords. To me, however, it is + quite clear that they were sisters of some convent in Flanders + or Holland; the name of their spiritual father, Nicolas Wyt, + and the names of the ladies, clearly indicate this.</p> + + <p class="author">S.W.S.</p> + + <p><i>Daysman</i> (No. 12. p. 188.)— It seems to me that + a preferable etymology may be found to that given by Nares and + Jacob. The arbiter or judge might formerly have occupied a + <i>dais</i> or <i>lit de justice</i>, or he might have been + selected from those entitled to sit on the raised parts of the + courts of law, <i>i.e.</i> jurisconsulti, or barristers as we + call them. I have heard another etymology, which however I do + not favour, that the arbiter, chosen from men of the same rank + as the disputants, should be paid for loss of his day's + work.</p> + + <p class="author">GEORGE OLIVER.</p> + + <p>Perhaps the following may be of some use in clearing up this + point. In the <i>Graphic Illustrator</i>, a literary and + antiquarian miscellany edited by E.W. Brayley, London, 1834, at + p. 14, towards the end of an article on the Tudor Style of + Architecture, signed T.M. is the following:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"This room (talking of the great halls in old + manor-houses) was in every manor-house a necessary + appendage for holding 'the court,' the services belonging + to which are equally denominated 'the homage,' with those + of the king's palace. The <i>dais</i>, or raised part of + the <i>upper end</i> of the hall, <i>was so called</i>, + from the administration of justice. A <i>dais-man</i> is + still a popular term for an arbitrator in the North, and + <i>Domesday-Book</i> (with the name of which I suppose + every one to be familiar) is known to be a list of + manor-houses."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">C.D. LAMONT.</p> + + <p>Greenock.</p> + + <p class="note">[Our correspondents will probably find some + confirmation of their ingenious suggestion in the following + passage from <i>The Vision of Piers Ploughman</i>:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"And at the day of dome</p> + + <p>At the heighe deys sitte."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">Ll. 4898-9. ed. Wright.]</p> + + <p><i>Saveguard</i>.—"BURIENSIS" (No. 13. p. 202.) is + informed that a <i>saveguard</i> was an article of dress worn + by women, some fifty or sixty years ago, over the skirts of + their gowns when riding on horseback, chiefly when they sat on + pillions, on a <i>double horse</i>, as it was called.</p> + + <p>It was a sort of outside petticoat, usually made of serge, + linsey-wolsey, or some other strong material: and its use was + to <i>guard</i> the gown from injury by the dirt of the (then + very dirty) roads. It was succeeded by the well-known + riding-habit; though I have seen it used on a side-siddle by a + rider who did not possess the more modern dress.</p> + + <p class="author">P.H.F.</p> + + <p>Amongst the bequests to the Clothworkers' Company of London + is one by Barbara Burnell, by will dated 27th June, 1630, + wherein she directs the company to bestow 4<i>l.</i> 6<i>s.</i> + yearly in woollen cloth to make six waistcoats and six + <i>safeguards</i> for six poor women.<a id="footnotetag17" + name="footnotetag17"></a><a href="#footnote17"><sup>17</sup></a></p> + + <p>Also we find that John Skepworth, by will dated 17th Oct. + 1678, gave two closes of land to the parish of Louth, to the + intent that the churchwardens and overseers of the poor there + should apply the rents and profits of the same in providing so + much coarse woollen cloth as would make ten suits yearly to be + given to ten poor people of Louth, the men to have coats and + breeches, and the women to have waistcoats and + <i>safeguards</i>.<a id="footnotetag18" + name="footnotetag18"></a><a href="#footnote18"><sup>18</sup></a></p><span class="pagenum"> + <a name="page268" + id="page268"></a>{268}</span> + + <p>If "BURIENSIS" has a friend belonging to the Clothworkers' + Company, it is probable that he will acquire much information + on this subject from their old records.</p> + + <p class="author">H. EDWARDS.</p> + + <p><i>Derivation of "Calamity"</i> (No. 14. p. + 215.)—"Calamity" is from the Latin <i>calamitas</i>, from + <i>calamus</i> a straw or stalk of corn, signifying, 1st, the + agricultural misfortune of the corn being beaten down or laid + by a storm; and thence, any other trouble or + disaster:—</p> + + <p>"Ipsa egreditur nostri fundi <i>calamitas</i>."</p> + + <p>Ter. <i>Eun</i>. i. 1.</p> + + <p>Upon which the commentator in the Delph. ed. has this + note:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"<i>Calamitas</i> est grando et tempestas, quæ + calamos segetum prosternit et conterit. Unde Cicero Verrem + vocat '<i>calamitosam tempestatem</i>.'"</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Ainsworth, quoting the above passage from Terence, + adds:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Ubi Donatus. Proprie <i>calamitatem</i> rustici vocant + quod comminuat <i>calamum</i>; h.e. culmen et segetem."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>The etymology of its synonym, "<i>disaster</i>," is more + direct—δυσ + αστηρ, a star of evil influence, or, as + we say, "born under an ill planet."</p> + + <p class="author"> + Φιλολογοσ.</p> + + <p>Forcellini, <i>s.v. Calamitas</i>, says:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Proprie significat imminutionem clademque calamorum + segetis, quæ grandine vel impetuoso aliquo turbine + aut alia quapiam de causa fit."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>He then quotes Servius, <i>Ad Georg</i>, i. 151:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Robigo genus est vitii, quo culmi pereunt, quod a + rusticanis calamitas dicitur."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Then follows the note of Donatus on Ter. <i>Eun</i>. i. 1. + 34.</p> + + <p>It appears to me, if "<i>calamitas</i>" were derived from + <i>calamus</i>, it would mean something very different from + what it does.</p> + + <p>Another suggestion is, that the first syllable is the same + as the root of <i>cad-o</i>, to fall; <i>l</i> and <i>d</i>, + everybody knows, are easily interchangeable: as Odysseus, + Ulixes: δακρυον, + <i>lacrima</i>, <i>tear</i>, &c. &c. If so, + <i>calamitas</i> is a corrupted form of <i>cadamitas</i>. Mar. + Victorinus, <i>De Orthogr</i>. p. 2456., says:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Gueius Pompeius Magnus et scribebat et dicebat + <i>Kadamitatem</i> pro <i>Kalamitatem</i>."—(Quoted + from Bothe's <i>Poetæ</i>," <i>Scenici Latinorum</i>, + vol. v. p. 21.)</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>But how is the -<i>amitas</i> to be explained? I may as well + add, that Döderlein, with his usual felicity, derives it + from κολουω.</p> + + <p class="author">EDWARD S. JACKSON.</p> + + <p>I beg to refer MR. F.S. MARTIN (No. 14. p. 215.), for the + derivation of "Calamity," to the <i>Etymologicon Linguæ + Latinæ</i> of Gerard Vossius, or to the <i>Totius + Latinitatis Lexicon</i> of Facciolatus and Forcellinus. He will + there find that the word <i>calamitas</i> was first used with + reference to the storms which destroyed the stalks + (<i>calami</i>) of corn, and afterwards came to signify + metaphorically, any severe misfortune. The terrific hail-storm + of the summer of 1843, which destroyed the crops of corn + through several of the eastern and midland counties of this + kingdom, was a <i>calamity</i> in the original sense of the + word.</p> + + <p>"W.P.P." has also kindly replied to this query by furnishing + a part of the Article on <i>Calamitas</i> in Vossius; and + "J.F.M." adds, <i>Calamitas</i> means—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"The spindling of the corn, which with us is rare, but + in hotter countries common: insomuch as the word + <i>calamitas</i> was first derived from <i>calamus</i>, + when the corn could not get out of the stalk."—Bacon, + <i>Nat. Hist</i>. sect. 669.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p><i>Derivation of "Zero"</i> (No. 14. p. + 215.).—<i>Zero</i> Ital.; Fr. <i>un chiffre</i>, <i>un + rien</i>, a cipher in arithmetic, a nought; whence the proverb + <i>avere nel zero, mépriser souverainement</i>, to value + at nothing, to have a sovereign contempt for. I do not know + what the etymology of the word may be; but the application is + obvious to that point in the scale of the thermometer below the + numbered degrees to which, in ordinary temperatures, the + mercury does not sink.</p> + + <p class="author"> + Φιλολογοσ.</p> + + <p>Deanery of Gloucester, Feb. 7. 1850.</p> + + <p>"<i>Zero</i>" (No. 14. p. 215.)—<i>Zero</i>, as is + well known, is an Italian word signifying the arithmetical + figure of nought (0). It has been conjectured that it is + derived from the transposition from the Hebrew word + <i>ezor</i>, a girdle, the zero assuming that form. (See + Furetière, vol. iii.) Prof. le Moine, of Leyden (quoted + by Ménage), claims for it also an Eastern origin, and + thinks we have received it from the Arabians, together with + their method of reckoning ciphers. He suggests that it may be a + corruption from the Hebrew [Hebrew: rphs], <i>safara</i>, to + number.</p> + + <p><i>Complutensian Polyglot</i>.—I cannot pretend to + reply to "MR. JEBB'S" inquiry under this head in No. 12. p. + 213.; but perhaps it may assist him in his researches, should + he not have seen the pamphlet, to refer to Bishop Smallridge's + "Enquiry into the Authority of the Primitive Complutensian + Edition of the New Testament, as principally founded on the + most ancient Vatican MS., together with some research after + that MS. In order to decide the dispute about 1 John v. 7. In a + letter to Dr. Bentley. 8vo. London, 1722."</p> + + <p class="author">J.M.</p> + + <p>Oxford, Feb. 5.</p> + + <p><i>Sir William Rider</i>.—In reply to the queries of + "H.F.," No. 12. p. 186., respecting Sir William Rider, I beg to + say that among the many MS. notes which I have collected + relating to the Rider family, + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page269" + id="page269"></a>{269}</span> &c., I find the following + from the <i>Visitation of Surry</i>, 1623, and from a MS. + book of <i>Pedigrees of Peers</i> in the Herald's College, + with additions.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Thomas Rider married a daughter of —— Poole + of Stafforde, by whom he had Sir William Rider, born at + Muchalstone, co. Stafforde, Sheriff of London, 1591, + Citizen and Haberdasher, Lord Mayor, 1600. Will dated 1 + Nov., and proved 9 Nov. 1610, 8 Jas. I. (94 Wood); buried + at Low Layton, Essex, &c. Sir William married + Elizabeth, da. of R. Stone, of Helme, co. Norfolk; by whom + he had, besides other children and descendants, Mary + daughter and coheiress, who married Sir Thomas Lake, of + Canons, Middlesex, from whose issue descended Viscount + Lake."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p class="author">S.S.</p> + + <p><i>Pokership</i> (No. 12. p. 185., and No. 14. p. + 218.).—It is to be regretted that no information has been + supplied respecting the meaning of this remarkable word, either + from local sources or from the surveys of crown lands in the + Exchequer or Land Revenue offices. In one or the other of these + quarters we should surely find something which would dispense + with further conjecture. In the meantime the following facts, + obtained from records easily accessible, will probably be + sufficient to dispose of the explanations hitherto suggested, + and to show that the <i>poker</i> of Bringwood forest was + neither a <i>parker</i> nor a <i>purser</i>.</p> + + <p>The offices conveyed to Sir R. Harley by James I. had been, + before his reign, the subject of crown grants, after the honor + of Wigmore had become vested in the crown by the merger of the + earldom of March in the crown. Hence, I find that in the act 13 + Edward IV. (A.D. 1473), for the resumption of royal grants, + there is a saving of a prior grant of the "office of keeper of + oure forest or chace of Boryngwode," and of the fees for the + "kepyng of the Dikes within oure counte of Hereford, parcelles + of oure seid forest." (6 <i>Rot. Parl.</i> p. 94.)</p> + + <p>In a similar act of resumption, 1 Henry VII., there is a + like saving in favour of Thomas Grove, to whom had been granted + the keepership of Boryngwood chase in "Wigmoresland," and "the + <i>pokershipp</i> and keping of the diche of the same." The + <i>parkership</i> of Wigmore Park is saved in the same act. (6 + <i>Rot. Parl.</i> p. 353 and 383.)</p> + + <p>In the first year of Henry VIII. there is a Receiver's + Account of Wigmore, in which I observe the following deductions + claimed in respect of the fees and salaries of officers:-</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"In feodo Thomæ Grove, forestarii de + Bringewod,</p> + + <p class="i10">6<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p class="i4">— ejusdem Thomæ, fossat'de + Prestwode dych,</p> + + <p class="i10">18<i>d.</i></p> + + <p class="i4">— Edm. Sharp, parcarii parci de + Wiggemour,</p> + + <p class="i10">6<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p class="i4">— Thomæ Grove, pocar' omnium + boscorum</p> + + <p class="i10">in Wiggemourslonde - 30<i>s.</i> + 4<i>d.</i>"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>There is another like account rendered in 23 & 24 Hen. + VII. These, and no doubt many other accounts and documents + respecting the honor of Wigmore and its appartenances, are + among the Exchequer records, and we are entitled to infer from + them, firstly, that a <i>parcarius</i> and a <i>pocarius</i> + are two different offices; secondly, that, whether the duty of + the latter was performed on the dikes or in the woods of + Boringwood chase, the theory of Mr. Bolton Corney (pace cl. + viri dixerim) is very deficient in probability. If the above + authorities had not fallen under my notice, I should have + confidently adopted the conjecture of the noble Querist, who + first drew attention to the word, and, so far from considering + the substitution of "poker" for "parker" an improbable blunder + of the copyist, I should have pronounced it fortunate for the + house of Harley that their founder had not been converted into + a porcarius or pig-driver.</p> + + <p class="author">E. SMIRKE.</p> + + <p><i>Pokership</i>.—I had flattered myself that + <i>Parkership</i> was the real interpretation of the above + word, but I have once more doubts on the subject. I this + morning accidentally stumbled upon the word "Porcellagium," + which is interpreted in Ducange's <i>Glossary</i>, "Tributum ex + porcis seu porcellis."</p> + + <p><i>Porcarius</i> also occurs as <i>Porcorum custos</i>, and + mention is made of "Porcorum servitium quo quis porcos domini + sui pascentes servare tenetur."</p> + + <p>Now, considering how much value was formerly attached to the + right of turning out swine in wooded wastes, during the acorn + season, it seems probable that Sir R. Harley might be the + king's "Porcarius," or receiver of the money paid for an annual + license to depasture hogs in the royal forests; and, after all, + <i>Porkership</i> is as like to <i>Pokership</i> as + <i>Parkership</i>, and one mistake would be as easily made as + the other.</p> + + <p class="author">BRAYBROOKE.</p> + + <p>Audley End, Feb. 16.</p> + + <p class="note">[We are enabled to confirm the accuracy of Lord + Braybrooke's conjecture as to <i>Pokership</i> being the office + conferred upon Sir Robert Harley, inasmuch as we are in + expectation of receiving an account of the various forms of its + name from a gentleman who has not only the ability, but also + peculiar facilities for illustrating this and similar obscure + terms.]</p> + + <p><i>Havior—Heavier or Hever</i>.-Supposed etymology of + <i>Havior, Heavier</i>, and <i>Hever</i>, as applied by + park-keepers to an emasculated male deer.—"NOTES AND + QUERIES," (No. 15. p. 230.)</p> + + <p>Pennant, in his <i>British Zoology</i>, 8vo. edition, 1776, + vol. i. p. 38., and 8vo. edition, 1812, vol. i. p. 45., under + the article, "Goat" says:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"The meat of a castrated goat of six or seven years old, + (which is called <i>Hyfr</i>,) is reckoned the best; being + generally very sweet and fat. This makes an excellent + pasty, goes under the name of rock venison, and is little + inferior to that of the deer."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>As Pennant was a Welchman, a scholar and a + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page270" + id="page270"></a>{270}</span> naturalist, he will probably + be considered good authority; and <i>Hyfr</i>, the most + likely origin of the altered terms of the deer + park-keepers.</p> + + <p>The word occurs twice in page 61. vol. ii. of the + <i>Sportsman's Cabinet</i>, in the article on the Stag or Red + Deer, where it is printed <i>Heavier</i>; and it will be found + also as <i>Hever</i>, in Mr. Jesse's <i>Scenes and Tales of + Country Life</i>, at page 349.</p> + + <p class="author">WM. YARRELL.</p> + + <p>Ryder Street, St. James, Feb. 11. 1850.</p> + + <p>Mr. Halliwell gives the words <i>haver</i> and + <i>havering</i>, in the same sense as <i>havior</i>. Are not + these words identical with <i>aver, averium</i>, in the sense + of cattle, tame beasts? <i>Averium</i>, from the old French, + <i>aveir</i>, i.e. <i>avoir</i>, originally meant any personal + property; but like <i>catalla</i>, chattels, it came to signify + more particularly the most important part of a peasant's + possessions—namely, his live stock. Thus, in the laws of + William the Conqueror (Thorpe's <i>Ancient Laws</i>, vol. ii. + p. 469.), we find:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Si præpositus hundredi equos aut boves aut oves + aut porcos vel cujuscumque generis averia vagancia restare + fecerit," &c.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>The word may naturally enough have been applied to deer + reduced to the state of tame and domesticated cattle.</p> + + <p class="author">C.W.G.</p> + + <p class="note">[TREBOR furnishes us with a reference to + <i>Pegge's Anonymiana</i>, who endeavours to show that the + proper term is "halfer;" on the same principle that an entire + horse is spoken of, the word being pronounced "hâver" by + those who call half "hâfe," while those who pronounce + half with the open <i>a</i> say "hauver:" while J. Westby + Gibson suggests that Havior is <i>Evir</i>, from the Latin + "<i>Eviro, Eviratus, Eviratio</i>," but admits that he can give + no authority for the use of <i>Evir</i>.]</p> + + <p><i>Sir W. Hamilton</i> (No. 14. p. 216.).—Douglas + says, that this Sir W. Hamilton was not <i>son</i>, but + grandson and brother of the 1st and 2nd earls of Abercorn, his + father having died <i>vitâ patris</i>. I therefore doubt + that the inscription has been miscopied. "He was," Douglas + says, "resident at Rome, on the part of the Queen Dowager;" but + this could hardly be the service alluded to.</p> + + <p class="author">C.</p> + + <p><i>Dr. Johnson's Library</i> (no. 14. p. 214.).—I have + a copy of Dr. Johnson's Sale Catalogue. The title is as + follows:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"A catalogue of the valuable Library of Books of the + late learned Samuel Johnson, Esq., LL.D., deceased, which + will be sold by auction (by Order of the Executors) by Mr. + Christie, at his Great Room in Pall Mall, on Wednesday, + February 16. 1785. and three following Days. To be viewed + on Monday and Tuesday preceding the Sale, which will begin + each Day at 12 o'Clock. Catalogues may be had as + above."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>It is a Catalogue of 28 pages and 662 lots, of which 650 are + books. The twelve last are prints, chiefly "framed and glazed." + The Catalogue is very rare; there is not a copy in the British + Museum, and Messrs. Christie and Manson are without one. I may + add, as your correspondent is curious about Johnson's Library, + that I have the presentation copy to the Doctor of Twiss's + <i>Travels in Spain</i>, with "the gift of the Author" in + Johnson's handwriting, immediately beneath Twiss's MS. + presentation. The Twiss was in Lot 284.</p> + + <p class="author">PETER CUNNINGHAM.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>MISCELLANIES.</h2> + + <p><i>Etymology of "News</i>."—The word "news" is not + derived, as many suppose, from the adjective new, but from a + practice that obtained in newspapers of an early date, of + prefixing to the title the letters expressive of the cardinal + points, thus:—</p> + + <table summary="NEWS" + align="center"> + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td>N.</td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td>E.</td> + + <td></td> + + <td>W.</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td></td> + + <td>S.</td> + + <td></td> + </tr> + </table> + + <p>meaning that their intelligence was derived from all + quarters of the globe. This must, at any rate, be allowed as + ingenious etymology.</p> + + <p class="author">J.U.G. GUTCH.</p> + + <h3>THE GOLDEN AGE.</h3> + + <h4>(<i>From the Latin</i>.)</h4> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Why "golden," when that age alone, we're told,</p> + + <p>Was blest with happy ignorance of gold—</p> + + <p>More justly we our venal times might call</p> + + <p>"The Golden Age," for gold is all in all.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">RUFUS.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> + + <p>Messrs. Sotheby and Co. will sell on Monday next two + collections of Autographs; the first consisting of Autograph + Letters, the property of a gentleman; which will be immediately + followed by that belonging to the late Mr. Rodd, and the + extensive Correspondence of the late William Upcott, Esq., + comprising several thousand Autograph Letters. Mr. Rodd's + collection comprises many letters of great historical and + literary interest.</p> + + <p>Messrs. Puttick and Simpson will sell by auction on Friday, + March the 8th, and seven following days, the extensive and very + important Stock of Books of Mr. James Carpenter, of Bond + Street, who is retiring from business. The characteristics of + this fine collection are the numerous books of prints and + illustrated works which it contains, such as the matchless + Series of Piranesi's Works, being the dedication copy to the + king of Sweden: a copy of Boswell's <i>Life of Johnson</i>, in + 8 vols. <span class="pagenum"><a name="page271" + id="page271"></a>{271}</span> folio, illustrated with nearly + six hundred Portraits and Views.</p> + + <p>We heard some time since that the long-established and + highly-respectable house of Payne and Foss, of Pall Mall, had + succeeded the late Mr. Rodd in the agency of purchasing for the + British Museum. The rumour proved to be unfounded, and now + receives a formal contradiction by the announcement that + Messrs. Payne and Foss are retiring from business, and that the + first portion of their extensive and valuable Stock of Books + will be sold by auction by Messrs. Sotheby and Co.; the first + division in a ten days' sale, commencing on the 18th and + terminating on the 28th March; which will be followed by the + second division, which will also occupy ten days, and commence + on Monday the 8th April. The lovers of choice copies of fine + editions of first-class books will have, on this occasion, such + an opportunity of enriching their collections as rarely + presents itself.</p> + + <p>We have received the following Catalogues:—</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Number Two, for 1850, of John Miller's Catalogue of + Books, old and new, on sale at 43. Chandos Street, + Trafalgar Square."</p> + + <p>"Catalogue of curious and rare Books, recently + purchased, now on sale by George Bumstead, 205. High + Holborn."</p> + + <p>"Catalogue (No. 5.) of Books, Theological and + Miscellaneous, and Catalogue (No. 6.) of Books, consisting + chiefly of Foreign Literature and Theology, on sale by + Andrew Clark, No. 4. City Road."</p> + + <p>"Cheap List of useful and curious Books relating to + Ecclesiastical History, Councils, Ceremonies, the Puritans, + &c., on sale by S. and I. Palmer, 24. Red Lion Street, + Holborn."</p> + + <p>"A List of Books, chiefly curious ones, now selling by + Thomas Kerslake, Bookseller, at No. 3. Park Street, + Bristol."</p> + </blockquote> + <hr /> + + <h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> + + <h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h4> + + <h4>(<i>In continuation of Lists in former Nos.</i>)</h4> + + <p>HIERONYMUS MAGIUS DE TINTINABILIS. 12mo. 1608 and 1664.</p> + + <p>A. STOCKFLEET DE CAMPANARUM USU.</p> + + <p>REIMANU'S DISSERTATIO DE CAMPANIS.</p> + + <p>NICOL. EGGER'S DISSERTATIO DE ORIGINE ET NOMINE CAMPANARUM. + EJUSDEM DISSERTATIO DE CAMPANARUM MATERIA ET FORMA.</p> + + <p>PACICHELLI DE TINTINABULO NOTANO LUCUBRATIO.</p> + + <p>WALLERI DISSERTATIO DE CAMPANIS ET PRÆCIPUIS EARUM + USIBUS.</p> + + <p>HILCHER DE CAMPANIS TEMPLORUM.</p> + + <p>ARNOLDUS DE CAMPANARUM USU. 12mo. 1665.</p> + + <p>ROCCHA DE CAMPANIS COMMENTARIUS. 1612.</p> + + <p>THIERS, TRAITE DES CLOCHES.</p> + + <p>MITZLER DE CAMPANIS. ESCHENWECKER DE EO QUOD IUSTUM EST + CIRCA CAMPANIS.</p> + + <p>PINGRE'S ACCOUNT OF HIS VOYAGE TO RODRIGUEZ, published (?) + at Paris about 1762.</p> + + <p>DUDLEY RYDER'S REPORT ON THE PETITION OF BERKELEY SEYMOUR, + ESQ., CLAIMING THE BARONY OF SEYMOUR AND DUKEDOM OF SOMERSET. + Published 1750, pp. 15. folio.</p> + + <p>PRIVATE ACT, 12 WM 3., FOR THE SALE OF THE ESTATES OF ARTHUR + LACY, ESQ., CO. SOMERSET.</p> + + <p>BELL ON THE HAND. Bridgewater Treatises.</p> + + <p><i>Odd Volumes.</i></p> + + <p>MADRAS JOURNAL OF LITERATURE AND SCIENCE. Vols I. to IX. + CATALOGUE OF HARLEIAN MSS., Vol. IV. WOODS'S ATHENÆ + OXONIENSES (ed. Bliss.), Vol. III.</p> + + <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price. + <i>carriage free</i>, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of + "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + <hr /> + + <p>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</p> + + <p>Among the many papers which we are unavoidably obliged to + postpone are an original and inedited <i>Letter by Horace + Walpole</i>, Mr. Singer's Reply to C.W.G. on <i>Ælfric's + Colloquies</i>, an interesting communication from Mr. Coles + respecting <i>Arabella Stuart</i>, a paper by Mr. Rye on the + <i>Queen of Robert Bruce</i>, and T.S.D.'s able article on + <i>Arabic Numerals</i>.</p> + + <p>The Erectheum Club (like "The Parthenon") takes its name + from the Erectheum at Athens.</p> + + <p>H.M.A. declined with thanks.</p> + + <p>X.P. is informed that the <i>monotome</i> edition of + Boswell's Johnson edited by Croker, is not an abridgment of the + larger work, but a new and thoroughly revised edition of it; + and with a really good index.</p> + + <p>To correspondents inquiring as to the mode of procuring + "NOTES AND QUERIES," we have once more to explain, that every + bookseller and newsman will supply it regularly, if ordered; + and that gentlemen residing in the country, who may find a + difficulty in getting it through any bookseller in their + neighbourhood, may be supplied regularly with the stamped + edition, by giving their orders direct to the publisher, MR. + GEORGE BELL, 186 Fleet Street, accompanied by a Post-Office + order for a quarter, 4<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i>; a half year, + 8<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i>; or one year, 17<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>Errata. P. 242. col. 2. l. 11., for "coheir" read "cognate;" + and line 16, for "Argidius" "Ægidius;" and p. 243, col 1. + l. 35. read "anecdote of Dionysius related by Cicero and by + Plutarch, in his <i>Laconic Apophthegms</i>, which + Stobæus evidently followed."</p> + <hr class="adverts" /> + + <p>Just published, in post 8vo., 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, the + Third Volume of</p> + + <p>THE ROMANCE OF THE PEERAGE; or, CURIOSITIES OF FAMILY + HISTORY.</p> + + <p>By GEORGE LILLIE CRAIK.</p> + + <p>With a Portrait of Sir Robert Dudley.</p> + + <p>Contents:—The Hereditary Principle; Aristocracy and + Democracy—Charles Brandon's Widow and her Second + Marriage—The Lady Mary Grey—Sir Robert + Dudley—Bess of Hardwick and the Talbots—The + Cavendishes and the Stanhopes—Lord Pembroke and Sir + Richard Wharton—The Wharton and Stuart Duel—The + Bruce and Sackville Duel—The Lord Crichton of + Sanquahar—The Earldom of Monteith, &c. &c. + &c.</p> + + <p>London: CHAPMAN AND HALL, 186. Strand.</p> + <hr /> + + <p>On the 1st of March will be published, price One + Shilling,</p> + + <p>MODEL PRISONS; being No. 2. of LATTER-DAY PAMPHLETS.</p> + + <p>Edited by THOMAS CARLYLE.</p> + + <p>London: CHAPMAN AND HALL, 186. Strand.</p> + <hr /> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page272" + id="page272"></a>{272}</span> + + <p>Early Antiquities of England Illustrated.</p> + + <p>THE PRIMÆVAL ANTIQUITIES OF DENMARK. By J.J.A. + WORSAAE, M.R.S.A., of Copenhagen. Translated and applied to the + Illustration of similar Remains in England, by WILLIAM J. + THOMS, ESQ., F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden Society. + Illustrated with numerous Woodcuts. 8vo. 10<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"This is the best antiquarian handbook we have ever met + with—so clear is its arrangement, and so well and so + plainly is each subject illustrated by well-executed + engravings, that confusion for the future is impossible + upon a variety of points on which the most grievous + mistakes have hitherto been made by anxious and zealous + antiquarians. * * * It is the joint production of two men + who have already distinguished themselves as authors and + antiquarians. It is a book of which it may be said, that in + every sentence is to be found an interesting fact, and that + every page teems with instruction, and may be regarded as a + sure guide to all antiquarians in their future + archæological inquiries."—<i>Morning + Herald</i>.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>See also <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for February, 1850.</p> + + <p>JOHN HENRY PARKES, Oxford, and 377. Strand, London.</p> + <hr /> + + <p>Vols. I. and II. 8vo., price 28<i>s.</i> cloth.</p> + + <p>THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND; from the TIME of the CONQUEST. By + EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"A work in which a subject of great historical + importance is treated with the care, diligence, and + learning it deserves; in which Mr. Foss has brought to + light many points previously unknown, corrected many + errors, and shown such ample knowledge of his subject as to + conduct it successfully through all the intricacies of a + difficult investigation, and such taste and judgment as + will enable him to quit, when occasion requires, the dry + details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to his + work, as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a + philosophical history."—<i>Gent. Mag.</i></p> + </blockquote> + + <p>London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.</p> + <hr /> + + <p>Just published, price 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth.</p> + + <p>PINACOTHECÆ HISTORICÆ SPECIMEN; sive Illustrium + Quorundam Ingenia, Mores, Fortunæ, ad Inscriptionum + formam Expressæ. Auctore F. KILVERT, A.M. Pars + Secunda.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"The production of an English clergyman, and bears + unequivocal marks of refined taste, elegant scholarship, + and a liberal, generous, and candid mind. The idea—to + us a novel one—carried out in this work is, to bring + up for judgment (as the Egyptians used to do with their + departed kings) the characters that figure most in the page + of history, and to pass sentence upon them. Summoning them, + as it were, into his presence with the lamp of history to + guide him, <i>exquiritque auditque dolos</i>; and whether + it be praise or blame, or a mixture of both, that he + awards, the judgment is pronounced in a temperate spirit, + and with judicial impartiality; and it is expressed in pure + and elegant Latin, and often with epigrammatic + felicity."—<i>Scotsman</i>.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; of whom Part I., + price 3<i>s.</i>, may be had.</p> + <hr /> + + <p>Just published, price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 12mo. cloth, + 7<i>s.</i> calf or morocco.</p> + + <p>THE ENGLISH GENTLEMAN: his Principles, his Feelings, his + Manners, his Pursuits.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"We like him so well as to wish heartily we might meet + many such."—<i>Theologian</i>.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote> + <p>"The object of the first of the four essays is to form + the principles of a gentleman on a Christian standard. In + the other three subjects, of feelings, manners, and + pursuits, the views, though strict, are of a more worldly + kind."—<i>Spectator</i>.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> + <hr /> + + <p>Just published, 12mo. cloth, 4<i>s.</i>; morocco (Hayday), + 10<i>s.</i>,</p> + + <p>A SELECTION FROM PERCY'S RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH POETRY, + and from EVANS'S OLD BALLADS, with short Introductions and + Notes. By the Rev. HENRY TRIPP, M.A., Sub Warden of St. + Columba's College.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"The selection is made with good taste and + judgment."—<i>Christian Remembrancer</i>.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>12mo., cloth, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>,</p> + + <p>SELECTIONS FROM HERRICK, for Translation into Latin Verse, + with a short Preface. By the Rev. A.J. MACLEANE, M.A., Trinity + College, Cambridge, Principal of Brighton College.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"We cordially recommend it as a book well adapted to + promote a superior style of versification to that which has + hitherto prevailed even in the highest classes of our + German Schools."—<i>Educational Times</i>.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> + <hr /> + + <p>12mo. boards. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>LYRA MEMORIALIS: Original Epitaphs and Churchyard Thoughts. + In Verse. By JOSEPH SNOW. With an Essay, by WILLIAM WORDSWORTH. + Reprinted by his permission. A new Edition, remodelled and + enlarged.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"The object of Mr. Snow in the volume before us is to + suggest a purer taste and a more impressive style in our + churchyard memorials, and by every word and thought to + point through the shadow of the tomb to the brightness and + light beyond it. His work is, in truth, a treasury of + feeling, and we find in its simplicity its highest merit. + To the clergy this volume may be of signal + use."—<i>Theologian</i>.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote> + <p>"This is truly a book of the affections; there is + scarcely a page which will not touch tenderly a chord in + the heart of every reader."—<i>Church of England + Quarterly</i>.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> + <hr /> + + <p>On a large sheet, price 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> plain; + 15<i>s.</i> richly coloured; in case, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> + plain; 18<i>s.</i> coloured.</p> + + <p>A CHART of ANCIENT ARMOUR, from the ELEVENTH to the + SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES; containing Eighteen Figures, with a + Description and a Sketch of the Progress of European Armour. By + JOHN HEWITT.</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"A graphic outline of the subject of military costume + during the period of its greatest interest to the English + antiquary. The author has made a judicious selection of + examples, chiefly from the rich series of monumental + effigies; and, in the brief text which accompanies these + illustrations, a useful resumé will be found of a + subject which, not many years since, was attainable only + through the medium of costly + publications."—<i>Archæological + Journal</i>.</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> + <hr /> + + <p>Royal 32mo., cloth, 2<i>s.</i>; morocco (Hayday), + 7<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>SELDEN'S TABLE TALK.</p> + + <p>Royal 32mo., price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth, 7<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i> morocco (Hayday).</p> + + <p>THE TEMPLE, SACRED POEMS, and PRIVATE EJACULATIONS. By + GEORGE HERBERT.</p> + + <p>Also, by the same Author, Price 2<i>s.</i> cloth, 7<i>s.</i> + morocco (Hayday).</p> + + <p>A PRIEST TO THE TEMPLE; or, THE COUNTRY PARSON: his + Character, and Rule of Holy Life, &c.</p> + + <p>London: GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street. Leicester: J.S. + CROSSLEY.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote1" + name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote + 1:</b><a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + + <p>"La précieuse géographie d'Alfred, roi + d'Angleterre."—Le Comte J. Gräberg. <i>La + Scandinavie Vengée</i>, p. 36.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote2" + name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote + 2:</b><a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + + <p>Cotton MSS., <i>Tiberius</i>, b. i. fol. 12b.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote3" + name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote + 3:</b><a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + + <p>Transl. of <i>Orosius</i>, p. 8.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote4" + name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote + 4:</b><a href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a> + + <p><i>Inaugural Lecture</i>, p. 72.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote5" + name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote + 5:</b><a href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a> + + <p><i>Vita Karoli Magni</i>, ann. 789.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote6" + name="footnote6"></a><b>Footnote + 6:</b><a href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a> + + <p>"Sunt et alii Slavorum populi qui inter Albiam et Oderam + degunt, sicut Heveldi, qui juxta Haliolam fluvium, et + Doxani, Liubuzzi, Wilini, et Stoderani, cum multis + aliis."—<i>Hist. Eccl.</i> p. 47, 48.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote7" + name="footnote7"></a><b>Footnote + 7:</b><a href="#footnotetag7">(return)</a> + + <p><i>Annales Sangall. Brev.</i>, ann. 789.—<i>Ann. + Lauresham</i>, &c.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote8" + name="footnote8"></a><b>Footnote + 8:</b><a href="#footnotetag8">(return)</a> + + <p><i>Vit. Kar. Mag.</i> and <i>Annal. Francor.</i>, ann. + 822.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote9" + name="footnote9"></a><b>Footnote + 9:</b><a href="#footnotetag9">(return)</a> + + <p><i>Annal. Petav.</i>, ann 789.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote10" + name="footnote10"></a><b>Footnote + 10:</b><a href="#footnotetag10">(return)</a> + + <p><i>Chron. Slavorum</i>, l. i, c. 2.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote11" + name="footnote11"></a><b>Footnote + 11:</b><a href="#footnotetag11">(return)</a> + + <p><i>Brodekine</i>. A richly-gilt stuff.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote12" + name="footnote12"></a><b>Footnote + 12:</b><a href="#footnotetag12">(return)</a> + + <p>It appears from an entry in the preceding year, that + this man was first sent to "Sentt Thomas Spittell in + Soughwork," when it was discovered that he was afflicted + with the leprosy, or some cutaneous disease, and + immediately removed to the Lazar-house at Mile End, it + being strictly forbidden that such cases should remain in + the hospitals. These lazar-houses were built away from the + town; one was the Lock Hospital, in Southwark; one at + Kingsland, another at Knightsbridge, and that mentioned + above between Mile End and Stratford. The laws were very + strict in the expulsion of leprous people from the city; + and if they attempted to force their way into the + hospitals, they were bound fast to horses, and dragged away + to the lazar-houses.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote13" + name="footnote13"></a><b>Footnote + 13:</b><a href="#footnotetag13">(return)</a> + + <p>The <i>baldricke</i> was the garter and buckle by means + of which the clapper was suspended inside the bell.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote14" + name="footnote14"></a><b>Footnote + 14:</b><a href="#footnotetag14">(return)</a> + + <p><i>Harnes</i>, or armour, which perhaps hung over some + of the monuments in the church.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote15" + name="footnote15"></a><b>Footnote + 15:</b><a href="#footnotetag15">(return)</a> + + <p>It was about this time that clocks began to be generally + used in churches (although of a much earlier invention); + and in subsequent years we have several items of + expenditure connected with that above mentioned. In + 1595:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Paid for a small bell for the <i>watche</i> + iiij<sup>s</sup></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Paid to the smith for Iron worke to it xx<sup>d</sup></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Paid for a waight for the Clocke wayinge</p> + + <p class="i2">36<sup>lb</sup> and for a ringe of Iron + v<sup>s</sup>."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Still, however, the hour-glass was used at the + pulpit-desk, to determine the length the parson should go + in his discourse; and xij<sup>d</sup> for a new hour-glass frequently + occurs.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote16" + name="footnote16"></a><b>Footnote + 16:</b><a href="#footnotetag16">(return)</a> + + <p>Those who have access to Colgan's <i>Acta Sanctorum + Hiberniæ</i> will see that he always spells Armagh, + <i>Ardmacha</i>; and Durrow, <i>Durmugia</i>.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote17" + name="footnote17"></a><b>Footnote + 17:</b><a href="#footnotetag17">(return)</a> + + <p>Reports from the Commissioners of Charities b. 235. 32nd + part 4.—696.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote18" + name="footnote18"></a><b>Footnote + 18:</b><a href="#footnotetag18">(return)</a> + + <p>Ibid.</p> + </blockquote> + <hr class="full" /> + + <p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, + at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the + City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet + Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City + of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street + aforesaid.—Saturday, February 23. 1850.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries 1850.02.23, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES 1850.02.23 *** + +***** This file should be named 12018-h.htm or 12018-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/2/0/1/12018/ + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, +William Flis, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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