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diff --git a/old/11742.txt b/old/11742.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b14a1c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/11742.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1926 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction + Vol. 13 Issue 367 - 25 Apr 1829 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 28, 2004 [EBook #11742] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Elaine Walker and PG Distributed +Proofreaders + + + + + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION. + +VOL. 13, No. 367.] SATURDAY, APRIL 25, 1829. [PRICE 2d. + + + + * * * * * + + +[Illustration: SUSSEX PLACE, REGENT'S PARK.] + + +SUSSEX PLACE, + + +Is said to have been erected from the designs of Mr. Nash, but is +considered as one of the least successful of his productions. It was among +the earliest of the terraces in the Park, and its whimsical contrast with +the chaster beauties of the adjoining structures soon became the signal for +critical pasquinade. + +It consists of an extensive range of residences, a centre with a pediment, +with two octagonal towers, and wings with four other towers in each, all +the towers being finished with cupola tops and minarets. Probably the +architect was tempted to this introduction for the sake of picturesque +variety, since it is not justifiable on the score of architectural beauty +or good taste. Indeed, it is an attempt at magnificence which, on so small +a scale, is not deserving of imitation, and has not been followed. The +general effect is far from pleasing; but the eye of the landscape painter +will probably enjoy an assemblage of picturesque outlines in grouping +Sussex Place with its adjacent scenery and accessories. The gardens to this +terrace are tastefully disposed, and the situation commands some of the +most fascinating prospects of the Park. Before the facade the lake spreads +its silvery sheet, and reflects the oriental cupolas with charming effect; +and the varied plantations of the Park, especially on the opposite margin +of the lake, group with peculiar felicity, and render Sussex Place one of +the most delightful sites in this paradisaical region. + + * * * * * + + +TRANSLATION OF AN IRISH DEED OF GIFT. + +_(To the Editor of the Mirror.)_ + + +The original deed, of which the subjoined is a translation, was found among +some old records in Birmingham Tower, Castle of Dublin, when that building +was taken down in the year 1772. It is in Irish, neatly written on a long +scroll of parchment; forty-two seals are attached to the side, but the only +signature is that of the chief at bottom. This document, among other +curious matter, furnishes us with a proof, that the chiefs of clans were +_elective_, contrary to the opinions of modern authors, and more especially +of our modern historical novelists; which latter speak of them as +_hereditary feudal lords_, and even talk of their estates descending to +their daughters; although under the system of clanship, females could not +inherit, and no man could have more than a life interest in his estate. +Here we have an instance of a chief divesting himself of the dignity of +office, and joining in the transfer of it to another, when such transfer +was considered likely to further the interests of the clan. It is also +interesting, as showing the manner in which the English government in +Dublin proceeded in the subjugation of Ireland, by embroiling its septs +with one another. + +The _Mac Ranalds_, or _Magranals_, (as the name was usually written,) in +English, Reynolds, the principal parties to the deed, were a clan who +possessed the territory of _Munterolish_, in the county of Leitrim, +subordinate to O'Rourke, who was lord paramount of the county; and the +lords justices having, by this deed, detached them from the interest of the +latter, immediately marched an army into his country. O'Rourke, after a +protracted, but ineffectual resistance, was made prisoner and sent to +London, where he was executed, in the early part of the reign of Queen +Elizabeth; "going to death," says Camden, "with as little concern as if he +had been merely a spectator." The county was then declared a forfeiture to +the crown, and the estates of its old proprietors (including those of the +Magranals among the rest) parcelled out among a colony of English settlers, +then for the first time seated in the county. This is the first document +known, in which Leitrim is spoken of as a county; and it is generally said +not to have been made such till the time of James I.; it was more anciently +known as the territory of _Briefne O'Rourke_. + +Although Henry II. is said to have conquered Ireland, the dominion of the +English monarchs there was little better than nominal prior to the reign of +James I. Great pains had been taken by different sovereigns to reduce the +Irish to a perfect submission to the English crown; and English colonies +had, from time to time, been planted, with that view, in different parts of +the country; these colonies, however, in a generation or two, had uniformly +"degenerated," as the phrase was; that is, had become Irish, both in +manners and feelings, using the Irish tongue, and even coining for +themselves Irish surnames, as if desirous of forgetting their English +origin. Henry VIII. was the first English monarch who assumed the title of +_king of Ireland_; and his daughter Mary set about the conquest of the +country in earnest, by reducing the countries of _Ive Faily and Leix_, +which were formed into the King's and Queen's Counties, so called in +compliment to the queen, and her husband, Philip of Spain. Her lord deputy, +Sir Anthony Bellingham, writing on this occasion to her highness, says that +he "had made good progress in _civilizing_ the barbarous inhabitants of +those counties, having reduced their numbers to less than one hundred +fighting men." + +The territory of Leitrim, though as yet uninvaded, was at the same time +declared a county; and the Magranals, who had probably no wish to be +"civilized" on Sir Anthony's plan, appear to have endeavoured to avert the +coming storm, by employing an agent in Dublin, at an immense expense, +considering the scarcity of money in Ireland in those days, "to advocate +their cause with the lords justices and council:" or, in plain English, to +crave permission to be allowed to remain in quiet. The person chosen was +one of their own sept, John Magranal, a soldier of fortune, who, having +served in the English army in the subjugation of the King's and Queen's +counties, had been rewarded with a grant of the forfeited lands of Claduff, +in the former county, and was supposed to stand well with the lords +justices. Him they elected their chief. With what success he advocated +their cause has been already stated. + +The late George Nugent Reynolds, the dramatist, was a member of the sept of +the Magranals; as was the notorious Tom Reynolds, the informer, well known +in the history of the rebellion of 1798. + +There is a copy of this deed in the library of the Duke of Buckingham, at +Stow. + +H.S. + + +TRANSLATION. + + This is the deed of gift of the two[1] Mac Ranalds; to wit, Cahal, + son of Conachar Mac Ranald, Toraylach and Gerald Magranal, heads + and chiefs of their kindred, with the consent of their brethren + and followers in Munterolish, to John Magranal, of Claduff, in the + King's county, and to his heirs:-- + + [1] The preamble speaks of _two_ Mac Ranalds, (chiefs,) and then + enumerates _three_. It is probable there were two families who + had been usually elected to the chieftaincy, and that Cahal, the + son of Conachar, represented one family, Toraylach and Gerald + the other. I give this, however, only as a conjecture. Perhaps + the safest way will be to set it down as an _Irish bull_, the + earliest upon record. + + Know all men, now and in the time that is yet to come, that we, + Cahal, son of Conachar Magranal, of the Hill of Innis Morrin, in the + county of Leitrim; Toraylach Magranal, of Drumard, _chiefs of our + kindred_; Ferdorcha Magranal, of Drumsna, and of Lochdaw; Melachlin, + son of Hubert Magranal, of Corsparrow; Moroch, son of Teig, of + Cloondaa; Ir, son of Donal, of Dulach; Teig, son of William, of + Screbach; Toraylach Magranal, of Loch Connow; Owen Magranal, of Loch + Scur; Toraylach O'Mulvey, of Loch Crew, _chief of his kindred_; + Teig, son of John, of Acha Cashel; Dermid Magranal, of Cool Cadarna; + Cormac Magranal, of Loch Cool da 'Iach; Dermid Magranal, of + Mongoarsach; Edmond Magranal, of Mohill; Jeffrey, son of Conachar, + of Anagh Kinca; Toraylach Magranal, of Loch Irill; Brian Gruama, the + son of Hugh, of Drumlara; Farrell Duff, the son of Hugh, of Corleih; + Donacha Grana, son of Giolla Gruama, of Stookisha; Conachar, son of + Giolla Gruama, of Duffcarrick; Rurie Og O'Moran, of Ty Rurie; + Toraylach O'Beirne, of Mullanmoy; Gerald, son of Moylan Magranal, of + Clooncalry; Melachlin, son of Conachar Magranal, of Cloonclyfa; + Cahal, son of Dermid Magranal, of Rusc, _alias_ Gort an Yure; Ir, + son of Edmond, of Rathbeh; Melachlin Modara Magranal, of the Point; + Edmond Mac Shanly, of Drumode Mac Shanly; Moroch, son of Melachlin, + of Drumkeely; Dermid, son of the Prior, of Clonee and of Innis Rusc; + Moroch Magranal, of Drumherk; Teig O'Histellan, of Drumeen; Teig Roe + Magarry, of Towlag; with the consent of our kinsmen and followers in + Munterolish, for many reasons, for ourselves and our heirs, HAVE + GIVEN to John Magranal, of Claduff, in the King's county, and to his + heirs for ever, the yearly sum of forty-two pounds, money of + England, to be raised and levied upon our aforesaid lands in + Munterolish, and upon any other lands claimed by us, or in our + occupation, to be paid at two terms in the year, to wit, one half on + the first of May, _(Beiltin,)_ and the other half at All + Hallowntide, _(Samhan;)_ and in case of any delay occurring as to + the full payment of the aforesaid sum at the time specified, then + this is our agreement with the said John, for ourselves and our + heirs, with John and his heirs, that he and they, or the attorneys + sent by them, shall have power to enter into our said country of + Munterolish, and into our aforesaid lands, and to levy a distress, + (pledge,) and to take the same with them, and to keep it until full + payment is made, to wit, of forty-two pounds, and of arrears, if any + such should be--ON CONDITION, that he, the said John, shall be our + protector _and chieftain over us;_ and also that he shall repair + from time to time to Dublin, to advocate our cause before the lords + justices and council, at our sole charge, over and above the + aforesaid sum, which we give him on account of his services; and on + condition that the said John shall not put any of us out of our + lands; and we promise to behave ourselves most dutifully to him, and + _not to adhere to any of the O'Rourkes_. In witness whereof we have + put our hands and seals to this writing the 5th day of December. + 1556. + + CAHAL MAC CONOCHAR. + + There were present at this agreement, when it was ratified, and when + it was interchanged, and when the seals were put upon it, to wit, + God in the first place; Richard O'Hivganane; Anlan O'Molloy; + Toraylach Mac Ranald; the two sons of Teig, the son of Ayan, to wit, + Owen and William; Kiruah Mac Manus; Gerald, deacon of Feana; Cormac, + deacon of Cloon; Conachar Mac Giolla Sooly; Manus Mac Giolla Roe; + Owen O'Colla. + + * * * * * + +From the avowed object of the above deed, to detach the Magranals from the +interest of O'Rourke, against whom war was at that time in preparation, as +well as from the deed itself having been found _in the Castle of Dublin_, +more than two hundred years afterwards, there can be little doubt that the +whole affair was got up by the lords justices, and that Magranal of Claduff +was an agent in their pay. The Magranals, however, _took nothing by their +motion_; for although they were arrayed under their new chief against +O'Rourke in the war which followed, their estates were confiscated at the +same time with his, the lawyers having discovered, that as O'Rourke was +their feudal lord, they were partakers in the guilt of his rebellion, +although they had been fighting against him. + + * * * * * + + +DISCOVERY OF THE MINES OF HAYNA, + +FROM AN INCIDENT IN IRVING'S LIFE OF COLUMBUS. + +_(For the Mirror.)_ + + + Oh, go not yet, my lord, my love, lie down by Zenia's side, + And think not for thy white men friends, to leave thy Indian bride, + For she will steer thy light canoe across Ozuma's lake, + To where the fragrant citron groves perfume the banyan brake; + And wouldst thou chase the nimble deer, or dark-eyed antelope, + She'll lend thee to their woody haunts, behind the mountain's slope, + And when thy hunter task is done, and spent thy spirit's force, + She'll weave for thee a plantain bower, beside a streamlet's course, + Where the sweet music of the leaves shall lull thee to repose. + Hence in Zenia's watchful love, from harmful beast, or foes, + And when the spirit of the storm, in wild tornades rides by, + She'll hide thee in a cave, beneath a rocky panoply. + + Look, Zenia look, the fleecy clouds move on the western gales, + And see the white men's moving home, unfurls her swelling sails, + So farewell India's spicy groves, farewell its burning clime, + And farewell Zenia, but to love, no farewell can be mine; + Not for the brightest Spanish maid, shall Diez' vow be riven, + So if we meet no more on earth, I will be thine in heaven. + + Oh, go not yet, my godlike love, stay but a moment more + And Zenia's step shall lead thee on, to Hayna's golden shore, + No white man's foot has ever trod, the vale that slumbers there, + Or forced the gold bird from its nest, or Gato from his lair; + But cradled round by giant hills, lies many a golden mine, + And all the treasure they contain, shall be my Diez thine, + And all my tribe will be thy friends, our warrior chief thy guard, + With Zenia's breast thy faithful shield, thy love her sweet reward. + + The valley's won, the friends are true, revealed the golden tide. + And Diez for Hispania's shore, quits not his Indian bride. + +D.A.H. + + * * * * * + + +RECENT VISIT TO POMPEII. + +_(For the Mirror.)_ + + For the following details respecting a city, accounts of which, + (although so many are already before the public,) are always + interesting, I am indebted to the oral communication of a friend + which I immediately committed to paper. + + M.L.B. + + +My object in visiting Naples was to view that celebrated relic of +antiquity--the city of Pompeii, of which, about one half is now supposed to +be cleared. The workmen proceed but slowly, nevertheless something is +always being done, and some new remnant of antiquity is almost daily +brought to light; indeed, a fine statue was discovered, almost immediately +after my visit to this interesting place, but as I had quitted Naples I +could not return to see it. A stranger, is I think, apt to be much +disappointed in the size of Pompeii; it was on the whole, not more than +three miles through, and is rather to be considered the model of a town, +than one in itself. In fact, it is merely an Italian villa, or properly, a +collection of villas; and the extreme smallness of what we may justly term +the citizens' _boxes_, is another source of astonishment to those who have +been used to contemplate Roman architecture in the magnificence of +magnitude. Pompeii however, must always interest the intelligent observer, +not more on account of its awful and melancholy associations, than for the +opportunity which it affords, of remarking the extreme similarity existing +between the modes of living _then_, and _now_. "'Tis Greece, but living +Greece no more!" for in truth, we are enabled to surmise, from the relics +of this buried and disinterred town, that manners and customs, arts, +sciences, and trades, have undergone but little change in Italy since the +period of its inhumation until now. In Pompeii, the shops of the baker and +chemist are particularly worthy of attention, for you might really fancy +yourself stepped into a modern _bottega_ in each of these; but, the museum +of Naples, wherein are deposited most of the articles dug from Pompeii, +Herculaneum, and Paestum, is a most extraordinary lion, and one which cannot +fail to affect very deeply the spectators; there you may behold furniture, +arms, and trinkets; and the jewellery is, I can assure you, both in +materials, pattern, and workmanship, very similar indeed to that at present +in fashion, and little injured by the lapse of years, and the hot ashes +under which it was buried.[2] There too, you may behold various domestic +and culinary utensils; and there it is quite curious to observe various +jars and bottles of fruits, and pickles, evidently preserved then, the same +as they are by our notable housekeepers now; of course they are blackened +and incinerated, nevertheless, the forms of pears, apples, chestnuts, +cherries, medlars, &c. &c. are still distinguishable. Very little furniture +has been found in Pompeii; probably, because it was only occasionally +resorted to as a place of residence, like our own summer haunts of the +drinkers of sea and mineral waters; or, the inhabitants might have had +warning of the coming misfortune, and conveyed most of their effects to a +safer place; a surmise strengthened by the circumstance of so few human +skeletons having been found hitherto in the town; in the museum, however, +is a specimen of the inclined couch or sofa, used at meals, with tables, +and other articles of furniture. The method of warming apartments by flues, +and ventilating them, as now practised, was known to the inhabitants of +Pompeii. Of this town, amongst public buildings, the Forum, the Theatre, +and the Temple of Isis, have been discovered; and the latter has revealed, +in a curious manner, the iniquitous jugglery of the heathen priests. The +statue of Isis, was, it seems, oracular, and stood on a very high pedestal, +or kind of altar in the temple of the goddess. Within this pedestal a +flight of steps has been discovered, ascending to a metal tube or pipe; +which, fixed in the hollow body of the statue, and attached to its lips, +the priest of Isis was enabled by speaking through this tube, to make the +poor deluded multitude believe that their idol gave articulate answers to +their anxious queries! We have heard of similar delusions being practised +by _Christian_ priests, in days comparatively modern! But, only let us +conceive, the shame and dismay which would _now_ suffuse the countenance of +one of these worshippers of Pompeian Isis, could he but behold the +deception which had been practised upon him unsuspectedly! I have said, +that but few skeletons have been found in Pompeii; all that have been met +with are covered with ornaments, and appear as in the act of escaping from +their hapless town, with what they could carry off of their most valuable +possessions; from which death would not relinquish his hold. More wealth is +supposed to have been buried in Herculaneum, from that which has already +been found therein; but owing to the excessive difficulty, time, and +expense, which the attempt to bring it to light would occasion, excavations +in this city, are now almost, if not entirely, abandoned; for it is to be +remembered, that Herculaneum was destroyed by a flood of liquid lava, which +as it cools, hardens into solid and impenetrable _rock_; whereas the hot +ashes of Vesuvius overwhelmed Pompeii, and consequently it is much less +difficult to clear. + + [2] "Witness," said my friend, "the bracelets which I am now + wearing; they are modelled from a pair found in Pompeii." These + were made of gold, quite in the fashion of the present day; + beautifully chased, but by no means of an uncommon pattern. + + * * * * * + + +THE CONVICT'S DREAM. + +_(For the Mirror.)_ + + "A wreck of crime upon his stony bed." + + R. MONTGOMERY. + + + He who would learn the true remorse for crime + Should watch (when slumbers innocence, and guilt + Or wakes in sleepless pain, or dreams of blood) + The convict stretched on his reposeless bed. + Then conscience plays th' accusing angel; + Spectres of murder'd victims flit before + His eyes, with soul-appalling vividness; + Hideous phantasma shadow o'er his mind; + Guilt, incubus-like, sits on his soul + With leaden weight,--types of the pangs of hell. + His memory to the scene of blood reverts; + He hears the echo of his victims' cry, + Whose agonizing eyes again are fixed + Upon his face, pleading for mercy. + See! how he writhes in speechless agony! + As morning dew-drops on the face of nature, + So hangs upon his brow the clammy sweat. + Each feature of his face, each limb, each nerve, + Distorted with remorse and agony, + Is fraught with nature's speechless eloquence, + And is a faithful witness to his sin. + It is not _all_ a dream, but memory holds + Before the sleeper's eyes her magic glass, + In which he sees the image of the past. + +_Huddersfield_. S.J. + + + * * * * * + + +ANTICIPATION. + +_(For the Mirror.)_ + + + 'Twixt the appointment and the day + Ages seem to roll away-- + Lingering doubts and cares arise, + Fancy glows with sweet surmise; + Now a hope--and now a fear, + First a smile--and then a tear; + But that day may never come, + Death may seal thine earthly doom. + Or that day may prove unkind, + Thine anticipation blind! + The best pleasure thou wilt know + May be to brood upon thy woe: + Wailing happy days gone by, + When fancied pleasures mock'd thine eye: + Days that never shall return. + Mortal, then, this lesson learn-- + Struggle not against thy fate, + For thy last day hath its date! + It is written in the skies, + And a guardian angel cries, + Dream no more of earthly joys, + They are fleeting, fickle toys. + +CYMBELINE. + + * * * * * + + + +THE TOPOGRAPHER + + * * * * * + + +ROAD BOOK OF SCOTLAND. + + +Tourists will never cease to remember their obligations to Mr. Leigh, the +publisher of this pretty little volume. He has done so much for their +gratification in his New Pocket Road Books, (of which series the present +work is one,) that their success ought to be toasted in all the delightful +retreats to which they act as _ciceroni_. In his Road Book of England and +Wales, he has done what Mr. Peel is now doing with our old Acts of +Parliament--consolidating their worth, and rejecting their obsoleteness. +For our own part, one of the greatest bugbears of books is the Road Book on +the old system: it is all long columns of small type, in which we lose our +way as in the cross-roads of the last century--all direction-posts and +"_Vides_," puzzle upon puzzle, Pelion on Ossa, and Ossa on Pelion--crabbed +and complex abbreviations, with which we get acquainted at the end of our +journey. They contain nothing like direct information, and the only people +who appear to understand them are postmasters and innkeepers, and some +old-established bagmen, whose interests and heads will give you a clearer +view of the roads than all the itineraries ever printed. It was, however, +but reasonable to expect that the Macadamization of roads, or the mending +of ways, should be followed up by the improvement of Road Books, since +greater facilities and inducements were thereby afforded to the tourist for +the detection and exposure of blunders--such as placing a hall on the wrong +side of the road, or recording some relic which had never existed but in +the book. + +The arrangement of the _Road Book of Scotland_ is clear and intelligible, +and, moreover, it is a book which may be read in the post-chaise or the +parlour, on or off the road, before or after the journey, with equal +pleasure. It is so portable, that the pedestrian will not complain of its +weight, for it bears the same proportion to an old Road Book that a Prayer +Book does to a Family Bible. The picturesque charms of Scotland, and its +connexion with eminent individuals, and memorable events of love, war, and +chivalric renown, all combine to render a Scottish Road Book attractive and +interesting; but the editor prudently observes, that "long descriptions of +scenery, except in some few cases, have not been introduced, as they are +totally inadequate to convey to the reader any definite idea of the +beauties they attempt to portray." Plans of Pleasure Tours are likewise +appended, together with a useful Appendix; and, what is indispensable in a +work of this description, a good Index, is added. + +As might be expected, nearly every page bears the record of some spot +consecrated by hoar antiquity, or in the inspirations of olden or modern +genius. Sir Walter Scott has probably monopolized every inch of his native +country, and invested each memorable spot with the enchantment of his pen; +so that little more than reference is necessary to enable the tourist to +identify such sites as the novelist has not distinguished in his writings +by actual name. Such information is requisite, for as we are reminded by +Kett, who observes, "We are told of a noble Roman, who could recollect all +the articles that had been purchased at an auction, and the names of the +several buyers. The memory of our travellers ought to be of equal capacity +and retentiveness, considering the short time they allow themselves for the +inspection of curiosities." As books and broad-cloth are now bought by the +pattern, we cannot do better than substantiate what we have said by a few +quotations from the _Road Book of Scotland_:-- + + +_Falkirk._ + + +The view from the hill of Falkirk, immediately behind the town, is +remarkably extensive, varied, and beautiful. Hence, the spectator may +behold the Ochil Hills, forming part of the ridge which extends from the +German Ocean to the banks of the Clyde; and through an opening in the chain +for the passage of the Forth, may discover, in fine weather, several +isolated rocks, on the highest of which stands Stirling Castle. Beyond, +over the Vale of Monteith, appear the Grampian Hills, including the +conical-shaped summit of Benledi, as well as Benvoirlich; and further to +the west, the lofty Benlomond. To the north are seen the rich valley of the +Carse, the Forth, with the towns of Culross, Kincardine, Clackmannan, and +Alloa, on the opposite shore, and the country reaching to the foot of the +Ochils. To the north also may be seen the village of Larbert, as well as +several seats, the most conspicuous of which are Carron Hall, Carron Park, +Kinnaird, which once belonged to Bruce the traveller, Stenhouse, the +property of Sir W. Bruce, and Dunmore House, belonging to the earl of that +name. Immediately below the spectator is Falkirk, and beyond it, the Carron +Iron Works. At the further extremity of the valley may be seen the shipping +of Grangemouth, and lower down, that of Bo' Ness. + +The church of Falkirk was founded in 1057, by Malcolm Canmore, but rebuilt +in 1809. In the churchyard are the graves of Sir John Graham and Sir John +Stewart, both of whom were killed in 1298, when Edward I. obtained the +famous victory over the Scots, under Sir W. Wallace. The battle took place +halfway between Falkirk and the river Carron. A stone, called Wallace's +Stone, denotes the spot which his division occupied previous to the +contest. The tomb of Sir J. Graham bears an inscription. Here also is the +monument of Sir R. Munro, who was killed in 1746, when General Hawley was +defeated by the Pretender. The scene of this second battle was the Moor of +Falkirk, about a mile S.W. of the town. + + +_Immense Plane Tree._ + + +At Kippenross is an immense plane tree. It is 27 feet in circumference at +the ground, and 30 at the part from which the branches shoot out. + + +_Environs of Callander._ + + +The vicinity of Callander is famous as the scene of Sir W. Scott's "Lady of +the Lake." The prospects are beautiful, and there are several objects +worthy of being visited. On the banks of the Teith, about a quarter of a +mile below the village is the Camp, a villa supposed to occupy the site of +a Roman intrenchment. Hence there is a magnificent prospect of Ben Ledi, +which rises 3,000 feet above the level of the sea, and bounds the horizon +to the N.W. Its name signifies _Hill of God_, and it is probable that it +was formerly the scene of Druidical rites. According to tradition, it was +held sacred by the inhabitants of the surrounding country, who annually +assembled on the first of May to kindle the sacred fire in honour of the +sun, on its summit. Near the summit of Ben Ledi is a small lake, called +Loch-au-nan Corp, the Lake of Dead Bodies, a name which it derived from an +accident which happened to a funeral here. The lake was frozen and covered +with snow; and when the funeral was crossing it, the ice gave way, and all +the attendants perished. + +About a mile N.E. of Callander is Bracklin Bridge, a rustic work only three +feet broad, thrown across a deep chasm, along the bottom of which rolls the +river Keltie. The torrent, after making several successive cataracts, at +length falls in one sheet about 50 feet in height, presenting from the +bridge an appalling spectacle. + +Another curiosity near Callander is the Pass of Leney, a narrow ravine, +skirted with woods, and hemmed in with rocks, through which a stream, +issuing from Loch Lubnaig, rushes with amazing force, forming a series of +cascades. + + +_Linlithgow._ + + +The palace, which forms the chief object of curiosity in Linlithgow, is a +majestic ruin, situated on the margin of a beautiful lake, and covering +more than an acre. It is entered by a detached archway, on which were +formerly sculptured the four orders borne by James V., the Thistle, Garter, +Holy Ghost, and Golden Fleece; but these are now nearly effaced. The palace +itself is a massive quadrangular edifice of polished stone, the greater +part being five stories in height. A plain archway leads to the interior +court, in the centre of which are the ruins of the well. + +The west side of the quadrangle, which is the most ancient, was originally +built and inhabited by Edward I., and is also interesting as the +birth-place of Queen Mary. The room in which she first saw the light is on +the second story. Her father, James V., then dying of a broken heart at +Falkland, on account of the disaster at Solway Frith, prophetically +exclaimed, "It came with a lass," alluding to his family having obtained +the crown by marriage, "and it will go with a lass." + +The east side, begun by James III., and completed by James V., contains the +Parliament Hall. This was formerly the front of the palace, and the porch +was adorned with a statue of Pope Julius II., who presented James V. with a +consecrated sword and helmet for his resistance to the Reformation. This +statue escaped the iconoclastic zeal of the Reformers; but at the beginning +of the last century was destroyed by a blacksmith, whose anger against the +Papal power had been excited by a sermon. + + +On an inn-window at Tarbet, in Dunbartonshire, is perhaps the longest +specimen of brittle rhymes ever written. They are signed "Thomas Russell, +Oct. 3, 1771," and extend to thirty-six lines, being a poetical description +of the ascent to Ben Lomond. What would Dr. Watts have said to such a +string of inn-window rhymes! + + +_Ossian._ + + +The principal curiosity in the environs of Dunkeld is the Cascade of the +Bran at Ossian's Hall, about a mile distant. This hermitage, or +summer-house, is placed on the top of a perpendicular cliff, 40 feet above +the bottom of the fall, and is so constructed, that the stranger, in +approaching the cascade, is entirely ignorant of his vicinity to it. Upon +entering the building is seen a painting, representing Ossian playing on +his harp, and singing to a group of females; beside him is his hunting +spear, bow and quiver, and his dog Bran. This picture suddenly disappears, +and the whole cataract foams at once before you, reflected in several +mirrors, and roaring with the noise of thunder. A spectacle more striking +it is hardly possible to conceive. The stream is compressed within a small +space, and at the bottom of the fall has hollowed out a deep abyss, in +which its waters are driven round with great velocity. A little below the +hall is a simple arch thrown across the chasm of the rocks, and hence there +is a good view of the fall. + +Half a mile further up the Bran is Ossian's Cave, part of which has been +artificially made; and about a mile higher is the Rumbling Bridge, thrown +across a chasm of granite about 15 feet wide. The river for several hundred +feet above the arch is crowded with massive fragments of rock, over which +it foams and roars; and, approaching the bridge, precipitates itself with +great fury through the chasm, making a fall of nearly 50 feet. + +Returning to Ossian's Hall, the tourist may continue his excursion along +the face of Craig Vinean, the summit of which commands one of the finest +prospects in this vicinity. Hence he may form some idea of the extent to +which the Duke of Atholl has carried his system of planting. His Grace is +said to have planted more than thirty millions of trees in the +neighbourhood of Dunkeld. + + +_Loch Katrine._ + + +We need scarcely remind the tourist, that the scene of Sir Walter Scott's +"Lady of the Lake" is laid in this spot. The following description is from +the pen of Dr. Graham, the minister of the parish:--"When you enter the +Trosachs there is such an assemblage of wildness and of rude grandeur, as +fills the mind with the most sublime conceptions. It seems as if a whole +mountain had been torn in pieces, and frittered down by a convulsion of the +earth, and the huge fragments of rocks, woods, and hills scattered in +confusion at the east end, and on the sides of Loch Katrine. The access to +the lake is through a narrow pass of half a mile in length. The rocks are +of stupendous height, and seem ready to close above the traveller's head, +and to fall down and bury him in the ruins. A huge column of these rocks +was, some years ago, torn with lightning, and lies in very large blocks +near the road. Where there is any soil, their sides are covered with aged +weeping birches, which hang down their venerable locks in waving ringlets, +as if to cover the nakedness of the rocks." + +"Travellers who wish to see all they can of this singular phenomenon, +generally sail westward, on the south side of the lake, to the Rock and Den +of the Ghost, whose dark recesses, from their gloomy appearance, the +imagination of superstition conceived to be the habitation of supernatural +beings. In sailing, you discover many arms of the lake;--here, a bold +headland, where black rocks dip into unfathomable water;--there, the white +sand in the bottom of a bay, bleached for ages by the waves. In walking on +the north side, the road is sometimes cut through the face of a solid rock, +which rises upwards of 200 feet perpendicular above the lake. Sometimes the +view of the lake is lost, then it bursts suddenly on the eye, and a cluster +of islands and capes appear at different distances, which give them an +apparent motion, of different degrees of velocity, as the spectator rides +along the opposite beach. At other times his road is at the foot of rugged +and stupendous cliffs, and trees are growing where no earth is to be seen. +Every rock has its echo; every grove is vocal, by the melodious harmony of +birds, or by the sweet airs of women and children gathering filberts in +their season. Down the side of the mountain, after a shower of rain, flow a +hundred white streams, which rush with incredible velocity and noise into +the lake, and spread their froth upon its surface. On one side, the +water-eagle sits in majesty, undisturbed, on his well-known rock, in sight +of his nest, on the face of Ben Venue; the heron stalks among the reeds in +search of his prey; and the sportive ducks gambol on the waters or dive +below. On the other, the wild goats climb, where they have scarce ground +for the soles of their feet; and the wild fowl, perched on the trees, or on +the pinnacle of a rock, look down with composed defiance at man. In a word, +both by land and water, there are so many turnings and windings, so many +heights and hollows, so many glens, capes, and bays, that one cannot +advance twenty yards without having the prospect changed by the continual +appearance of new objects, while others are retiring out of sight. The +scene is closed by a west view of the lake, for several miles, having its +sides lined with alternate clumps of wood and arable fields, and the smoke +rising in spiral columns through the air from villages which are concealed +by the intervening woods; the prospect is bounded by the towering Alps of +Arrochar, which are checkered with snow, or hide their heads in the +clouds." + +"In one of the defiles of the Trosachs, two or three of the natives met a +band of Cromwell's soldiers coming to plunder them, and shot one of the +party dead, whose grave marks the scene of action, and gives name to the +pass. In revenge for this, the soldiers resolved to attack an island in the +lake, on which the wives and children of the men had taken refuge. They +could not come at it, however, without a boat; one of the most daring of +the party undertook to swim to the island and bring away the boat; when, +just as he was catching hold of a rock to get ashore, a heroine, called +Helen Stuart, met him and cut off his head with a sword; upon which the +party, seeing the fate of their comrade, thought proper to withdraw." + +Loch Katrine is about ten miles long, and one broad. Its depth in some +parts is nearly 500 feet. Its temperature, at the surface, is 62 deg., and at +the bottom 40 deg.. The lake never freezes, and in winter is much resorted to +by swans. + + * * * * * + + +PORTRAIT-PAINTING. + + +Painters of history make the dead live, and do not live themselves till +they are dead, I paint the living, and they make me live.--_Sir Godfrey +Kneller_. + + * * * * * + + + +THE SELECTOR; AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_. + + * * * * * + + +PRACTICE OF COOKERY, + +_Adapted to the Business of every day Life. By Mrs. Dalgairns._ + + +We like the title of this book--there is promise in it, for practice is +better than profession in any thing but the law of arrest. We are gross +enough too, in our hearts, not to like the name of a professed cook--thank +our stars, now nearly forgotten. There is so much science implied in the +name, so much theory, than which alone in cookery, at least, nothing is +less inviting. We should conceive the intention of this book to bring +cookery home to the business of every man's mouth--his breakfast, luncheon, +dinner, and supper practice, and heartily do we wish that all mankind were +in a condition to avail themselves of these four quotidian opportunities of +testing Mrs. Dalgairns's book. + +"A perfectly original book of Cookery," says Mrs. D. "would neither meet +with, nor deserve, much attention; because, what is wanted in this matter, +is not receipts for new dishes, but clear instructions how to make those +already established in public favour." This reasoning is very just, for +none but the most thankless of _gourmands_, or the _gourmet_ who wished to +affect the sorrows of the great man of antiquity,--would sit down and weep +for new worlds of luxury. Good cookery is too rarely understood and +practised to justify any such wishes; and to prove this, let the sceptic go +through Mrs. Dalgairns's 1,434 receipts, and then "tire and begin again." +Our respected editress assures us that "every receipt has either been +actually tried by the author, or by persons whose accuracy in the various +_manipulations_[3] could be safely relied on." + + [3] This is an unlucky word for a cookery book. Why not say + operations? Mrs. D. Mrs. D! you have not escaped the scientific + mania that is mounting from area to attic throughout this + country. Such a term as _manipulation_ sounds well enough in Mr. + Brande's laboratory at the Royal Institution, but would be quite + out of place in the kitchen of either of the hotels in the same + street. A footman might as well study the polarization of light + whilst cleaning the drawing-room windows. + +From a table of contents we learn that among them there are the following +methods:-- + + Soups 105 + Fish 115 + Beef 70 + Mutton 31 + Veal 60 + Gravies, Sauces, &c. 104 + Puddings, Pies, and Tarts 263 + Creams, Custards, &c. 134 + Cakes and Preserves 182 + +--what more can mortal man desire, "nay, or women either." Appended to them +is much valuable information concerning the poultry-yard, dairy, brewery, +kitchen-garden, bees, pigs, &c. so as to render this _Practice of Cookery_ +a truly useful and treasurable system of domestic management, and a book of +matters-of-fact and experience. The subject is too melting--too tempting +for us to resist paying this tribute to Mrs. Dalgairns's volume. + + * * * * * + + +"CLOUDS AND SUNSHINE." + + +An appropriate _April_ book, too controversial for extensive quotation in +our pages, as the enumeration of its contents will prove. They are +half-a-dozen gracefully written sketches, viz. the Gipsy Girl, Religious +Offices, Enthusiasm, Romanism, Rashness, and De Lawrence. Half of these +papers, as will readily be guessed from their titles, bear upon "the +question," and are consequently, as the publishers say, "not in our way." +We are, nevertheless, proud to aver that the sentiments of these chapters +are highly honourable to the heart of the writer as they are creditable to +his good taste and ability. He is, to judge from his book, a good man, one +who is not so willing as the majority of us, to let his philanthropy remain + + "Like unscour'd armour, hung by the wall;" + +and we hope the forcible positions of the truths he has here inculcated, +will bestir others from their laxity. The most attractive sketches in the +series are the Gipsy Girl and De Lawrence. In the latter there are scenes +of considerable energy and polish. The hero, a profligate, after abusing +all the advantages of fortune, commits a forgery, and is executed. The +sympathies of an affectionate wife, in his misery and degradation, tend to +heighten the interest, and point the moral of the story; his last interview +with the partner of his woe is admirably drawn, as are some caustic +observations on that most disgusting of all scenes--a public execution and +its repulsive orgies. We give a portion of the interview, which appears to +us to contain some fine touches of deep remorse:-- + +"Accompanied by her parents and her infant, she alighted at the tavern +which adjoined the prison-house. Her father went immediately to arrange for +the interview; which, as the time of execution drew nigh, must take place +instantly or not at all. Habited in deep black, which, from the contrast, +made the pale primrose of her cheek still paler, entered his drooping wife; +bearing on her bosom, "cradled on her arm," their child, happily +unconscious alike of its father's ignominy--its mother's sorrows. With +uncertain steps she tottered towards him. He advanced to her embrace, at +first, with coolness and deliberation; but when her altered look, on which +care had engraven an accusation that smote with the chill of death his +guilty heart--her lack-lustre eye--her form almost reduced to a shadow--met +his glance, his resolution dissolved before them: the better feelings of +his nature, long lulled by habitual vice, and fixed in inertion by the +flattering commendations of his spiritual guide, burst forth afresh like a +stream long pent up, and overwhelmed him with their gush. He sank upon one +knee, and received his wife and child falling into his embrace. His haughty +spirit was humbled, was softened. He could have borne her curses with +indifference, he could have returned a formal adieu with equal +formality--he had expected to encounter a scene, and was made up +accordingly: but to look upon her thus--her days gone like a shadow--to +witness her sunken eye filled with beamings in which he alone was +enshrined--to see her meek and forgiving, whose light heart had been turned +to sorrow, whose gay morning dreams had been turned to sad realities, whose +confidence had been abused and happiness wrecked,--all, all by his baseness +and treachery:--to behold his forsaken wife, superior to all this, clinging +to him for his last farewell, as if she and not himself were the offender, +was beyond his expectation. He knew he had merited curses and hate, and he +met with affection and tenderness; his heart yearned--a sensation of +admiration for her virtues and constancy came over him, and, ere it had +possessed him entirely, it humbled his proud spirit--it undeceived his +false expectations. "My God, I have not deserved this!" burst from his +swelling heart. A tear, such as he had not shed since he left the paths of +innocence, stole down his cheek. Fervently, truly, affectionately, he +blessed his wife and child." + +"They are gone. Was it a vision that had visited his waking dreams? The +spell is dissolved; he is still on earth, and earthly thoughts and worldly +crimes return and weigh down his soul." + +"The fetters of vice are not broken in a moment; they may yield sometimes +like wax, but they close again, and the link is adamant. His foster-mother +came to say her last farewell. He shuddered as she entered. He felt the +presence of his evil genius, and wished she had spared him this. This, too, +was transient; her influence, though disarranged by the vision of the last +few moments, was not broken. He was again enslaved. The summons for +execution was answered by her hysteric sobs and wild ravings, and her loud +shrieks rang through the cell as De Lawrence impressed his last kiss." + +The incidents of the previous sketch contain little, if any, extravagance +or affectation, and it would be better for men, if we could charge the +author of "Clouds and Sunshine" with overcolouring the sufferings which +await the spendthrift. It is painful to own that such cases are but too +common in society. Think of an extravagant man married to an extravagant +woman--the mean and contemptible conduct to which they are driven--the +insolence and cruelty with which they are baited through large towns, +hunted down into an obscure cottage in the country, or chased into exile. +Think of the hateful reflections which, sooner or later, must overtake such +sufferers--either in their moody solitude in the country, or amidst the +forced delights of a crowded city on the continent. In the one all nature +is free, whilst the debauchee frowns on her laughing landscapes; in the +other, conscience and her busy devils are at work--yet thousands thus +embitter life's cup, and then repine at their uncheery lot. With such men, +all must be _Clouds_--a winter of discontent--for who will envy their +_Sunshine_. + + * * * * * + + + +SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS + + * * * * * + + +NOSES. + +_Observations on the Organ of Scent. By William Wadd, Esq., F.L.S._ + + + "Non cuicunque datum est habere nasum."--MARTIAL. + + "I have a nose."--PROBY. + + +It has often struck me as a defect in our anatomical teachers, that in +describing that prominent feature of the human face, the organ of scent, +they generalize too much, and have but one term for the symmetrical arch, +arising majestically, or the tiny atom, scarcely equal to the weight of a +barnacle--a very dot of flesh! Nor is the dissimilarity between the +invisible functions of the organ, and the visible varieties of its external +structure, less worthy of remark. With some, the sense of smelling is so +dull, as not to distinguish hyacinths from assafoetida; they would even +pass the Small-Pox Hospital, and Maiden-lane, without noticing the +knackers; whilst others, detecting instantly the slightest particle of +offensive matter, hurry past the apothecaries, and get into an agony of +sternutation, at fifty yards from Fribourg's. + +Shakspeare, who was a minute observer of the anatomical and physiological +varieties of the human frame, did not allow this dissimilarity to pass +unnoticed; and, moreover, he starts a query that has never been +satisfactorily answered, from his time to the present; viz. "Canst thou +tell why one's nose stands i' the middle of one's face?"[4] And his nice +discrimination about noses extends also to shape and colour.--from the +"Red-nosed innkeeper of Dav'ntry,"[5] and the "Malmsy-nosed knave, +Bardolph,"[6] to him in Henry V., "whose nose was sharp as a pen!" + + [4] Lear. + + [5] 1 Henry IV. iv. 2. + + [6] 2 Henry IV. ii. 1. + +This celebrated "Malmsy-nose" possessed properties unknown to the same +feature now-a-days. It was adapted to practical utility, in its application +to domestic purposes, and moral instruction, by that great admirer and +competent judge of its virtues, Sir John Falstaff, to whose sheets it did +the office of a warming-pan;[7] and who made as good use of it as some men +do of a death's head, or a _memento mori:_ "I never see it," said he, "but +I think upon hell fire." It stands almost unrivalled in history, and ranks +at least with that which gave a cognomen to Ovid,[8] and the one to which +the celebrated violoncello player, Cervetto, owed the _sobriquet_ of +_Nosey_. This epithet reminds me of another nose of theatrical notoriety, +whose rubicund tint, when it interfered with the costume of a sober +character which its owner was enacting, was moderated by his wife, who, +with laudable anxiety to keep down its "rosy hue," was constantly behind +the scenes with a powder puff, which she was accustomed to apply, +ejaculating, "'Od rot it, George! how you do rub your poor nose! Come here, +and let me powder it. Do you think Alexander the Great had such a nose?" + + [7] Henry V. ii. 1. + + [8] "Ovidius Naso was the man: and why, indeed, Naso; but for + smelling out the odoriferous flowers of fancy?" says Holofernes, + the school-master, in Love's Labour Lost. + +Nor would I omit to mention one, contemporary almost with the above, by +which the public peace was said to be endangered, as recorded by a poet of +the day, who states,-- + + "Amongst the crowds, not one in ten + Ere saw a thing so rare; + Its size surpriseth all the men, + Its charms attract the fair. + + 'Tis wonderful to see the folk, + Who at the nose do gaze; + All grin and laugh, and sneer and joke, + And gape in such amaze. + + The children, whom the sight doth please, + Their little fingers point; + Wishing to give it one good squeeze, + And pull it out of joint." + +Much more is said by the poet in its praise; at last he falls into a moral +strain: + + "For many, as you may suppose, + 'Gainst nature loudly bawl,-- + That one man should have such a nose, + Whilst some have none at all." + +And then concludes with some excellent sentiments:-- + + "Though ev'ry man's a nat'ral right + To shew a moderate nose, + Yet surely 'tis a piece of spite + To spoil the world's repose. + + 'Tis wrong t' exhibit such a show, + Though you may think it fun + Yet still, good Sir, you little know + What evil it has done. + + What quarrels have from hence begun! + What anger and what strife! + What blows have pass'd 'tween man and man! + What kicks 'tween man and wife! + + No longer, then, thyself disgrace, + In quest of beauty's fame; + No longer, then, expose thy face, + To get thy nose a name. + + Take it away, if thou art wise, + And keep it safe at home, + Amongst thy curiosities + Of ancient Greece and Rome." + +Shakspeare would have thought it high treason, for he says,-- + + "Down with the nose, take the bridge quite away + Of him, that his particular to forefend + _Smells_ from the general weal." + +There may have been many other such noses that have escaped +observation,--"born to _blush_ unseen:" enough, however, I have here stated +of those my recollection furnishes me with at the moment, to establish the +fact of variety, and to lead curious physiologists to a scientific +classification of this _prominent_ and well-deserving feature of the human +face. I would recommend a proper distinction being observed between +functional varieties, and those which arise from size, shape, or colour, of +which, in a cursory way, may be enumerated first,-- + + _Shape._[9] + + Roman. Snub. Flat. Bottle nose, + Grecian. Pug. Sharp. Parrotical nose. + + _Colour._ + + Red. Malmsey. Purple. + Ruby. Claret. Copper. + + [9] Lavater considers the nose as the fulcrum of the brain; and + describes it as a piece of Gothic architecture. "It is in the + nose that the arch of the forehead properly rests, the weight of + which, but for this, would mercilessly crush the cheeks and the + mouth." He enters into the philosophy of noses with diverting + enthusiasm, and finally concludes, "Non cuique datum est habere + nasum:"--it is not every one's good fortune to have a nose! A + sharp nose has been considered the visible mark of a shrew. + +Now, what does all this come to? _Cui bono?_ A great deal for surgery; let +us examine what may be done;--we know that noses may be supplied,--may not, +therefore, a small one be enlarged, and a large one made small? We have +seen a person with a _bunch_ of _noses_, but can only, on the authority of +Shakspeare, quote one "who had a thousand." + +For a great length of time nothing was admired in the world but Roman +noses,--and then not a word was heard about them, till William III. brought +them again into fashion. + +People occasionally possess the power of voluntary action with the muscles +of the nose, and can move it horizontally, or to the right and left,--draw +it up or protrude it,--so as to make it take any position they please. +Painters have been provokingly deceived by this stratagem, and have in vain +attempted the portraits of such persons, who were able at every instant to +produce a new physiognomy. + +One of the qualifications for the Ugly Club was a nose eminently +miscalculated, whether as to length or breadth,--the thickest skin had +preference. + +Hitherto we have only considered external appearances; we must now notice +its functional and other properties. + +With some persons, the nose is a sort of barometer,--a certain state of the +atmosphere is invariably announced to them by an agreeable sensation of +coldness at the tip. + +Zimmerman used to draw conclusions, as to a man's temperament, from his +_nose!_ Not indeed from its size or form, but from the peculiar sensibility +of the organ. + +Cardan considered acuteness of smell as a proof of penetrating genius, and +a lively imagination. + +Haller could distinguish perspiration at ten yards' distance. + +There have been instances on record of blind people who were able to +discover colours by the touch; and deaf and dumb, who could feel sounds by +placing their hand upon the speaker's mouth: this, however, is not more +astonishing, than that the sense of smelling should be so acute, as to +enable some persons to judge by it the quality of metals. Martial mentions +a person, named Mamurra, who consulted only his nose, to ascertain whether +the copper that was brought him were true Corinthian. There have been +Indian merchants who, if a piece of money were given them, by applying +their nose to it, defined its quality to a nicety, without touchstone, +balance, or aqua-fortis. Europeans, also, are to be found whose sense of +smelling is equally delicate and perfect. + +Marco-Marci speaks of a monk at Prague, who, when any thing was brought +him, distinguished, by its smell, with as much certainty as the best nosed +dog, to whom it belonged, or by whom it had been handled. It was also said +of him, that he could accurately distinguish, in this manner, the virtuous +from the vicious. He was much devoted to the study of natural philosophy; +and, among other things, had undertaken to oblige the world with precepts +on the sense of smelling, like those we have on optics and acoustics, by +distributing into certain classes a great number of smells, to all of which +he had given names; but an untimely death cut him off in the midst of these +curious researches. + +The guides who accompany travellers on the route from Smyrna or Aleppo, to +Babylon, have no other signs in the midst of the deserts, to discover their +distance from the place of destination, than the smell of the sand alone, +by which they determine with certainty. Perhaps they judge by the odour +exhaled from small plants, or roots, intermixed with the sand. + +Physicians, in visiting the sick, have been known to form a prognostic, +before having seen the patient, from the effluvia of the sick-room. Those +who are in the habit of visiting the insane, know the peculiar odour that +characterises that dire calamity; and it was remarked of the plague, that +it had "a scent of the flavour of mellow apples." + +It is said that monkeys possess this power of discrimination in a very +eminent degree. A story is told of a lady who had a pet of this +description, whom she made her constant companion, and who suddenly, +without any apparent cause, forsook her, and could not be persuaded to +re-enter her chamber. The lady was at that time infected with measles, +which shortly after appeared upon her; but, on her perfect recovery, the +monkey returned to her with his usual familiarity. Some time after, the +same lady caught cold, and was apparently very ill, but without fever. The +monkey, as far as might be judged from his appearance, seemed to condole +with his sick mistress, and to understand the difference of her distempers, +by the confidence with which he remained in attendance upon her. + +It has even been said, that the sagacity of some dogs has led them to +prognosticate the fatal termination of disease. "Whilst I lived at Ripon," +says a learned doctor, "I took notice of a little dog, of a chestnut +colour, that very often boded the death of sick persons, without being +once, for aught I could learn, mistaken. Every time he barked in the night +under the windows of any one whose sickness did not even appear dangerous, +it happened, infallibly, that the sick person died that week. I knew also," +observes the same author, "a man bit by a mad dog, who could distinguish +his friends at a considerable distance by the smell, before even he could +distinguish them by sight." + +So early as the second century, the supplying the deficiency of a lost nose +became an object of professional consideration; and the Greeks gave the +name [Greek: Kolobhomata], to those who required such an operation. +Taliacotius was the first who treated it scientifically; and, from his +time, the art of Addition became one of the branches of surgery; and, under +the title _"De Decoratione,"_ formed a very interesting chapter. + +Although Taliacotius has the credit of bringing the art of nose-making into +fashion, and being the first to write on the mode and manner of performing +the operation, yet it appears that one Branca had been in the habit of +performing it long before, as we learn from an ancient author, whose name +must, in this instance, be considered as the highest authority, being no +less a person than NOSORENUS. + +Why the magistracy of Bologna should have conferred the high honour of a +statue on Taliacotius it is difficult to understand,--unless the loss of +the nose was of more frequent occurrence than in those days, from the +barbarity of warfare and civil punishment; for an old law of the Lombards +assigned the loss of the nose as a punishment for theft; and the captives +in war were equally spoiled for snuff-takers. + +That this was no uncommon dilemma with Italian gentlemen in the fifteenth +century, appears by the style in which a Neapolitan poet writes to the +_noseless_ Orpianus:--"If," says he, "you would have your nose restored, +come to me--truly the thing is wonderful. Be assured that, if you come, you +may go home again with as much nose as you please." + +It does not, however, appear that the nasal operation made any impression +on our ancient English surgeons. Wiseman does not even mention it, though +slitting the nose, and cutting off the ears, was a common mode of punishing +political delinquents in his time; and it is said that Prynne, whose ears +were cut off, had new ones made, "_a la_ Taliacotius." The fact is, that +the operation was misunderstood, and disbelieved, as we know by the jocose +manner in which it is alluded to by Butler. It has, however, been +successfully revived, and performed, by Mr. Carpue. + +Connected with the varieties of the organ of scent, is the well-known story +of that extraordinary lusus, the _Pig-faced Lady_.--_Brande's Journal_. + + * * * * * + + + +THE ANECDOTE GALLERY. + + * * * * * + + +ARCTIC ADVENTURES. + +_From the Tales of a Voyager. Second Series._ + + +THE MORSE, OR SEA HORSE. + + +After a long and tedious interval of misty, dripping weather, we obtained +sufficient sun at noon, to find ourselves in latitude 72.19; but a +discovery that afforded me most pleasure was the appearance of a sea-horse, +lying at some distance from us, on an elevated piece of ice. This animal +was first perceived by the captain, from the mast-head, whence he +immediately descended, and ordered a boat to be lowered, inviting William +and myself to join him in trying to make the monster our prey. When we drew +near to its station, it raised its head and displayed one formidable tusk, +projecting downwards from its upper jaw towards its breast, whilst part of +another, broken by some accident or encounter, offered a less menacing +weapon to our view. The beast itself was about the size of a large bullock, +and lay upon the ice like a huge mass of animated matter, which seemed to +possess no means of locomotion. Its head was disproportionably small to the +size of its body, judged according to our usual ideas of the relative +difference of bulk between these parts, while its whiskers were evidently +larger and stronger than those of any other animal. These singularities +gave it a grotesque appearance, not lessened by an approximation in its +square short countenance to a caricatured resemblance of the human face, +while the half stolid half ferocious stare, with which it regarded us, +contributed to render it one of the most strange beings of earthly mould on +which I had ever set my eyes. + +While I was making these observations, we were rapidly advancing towards +the object of them, which, seemingly in doubt whether to take our visit in +enmity or friendship, continued to gaze at our approach as it lay (standing +not being one of its faculties) at its full height upon a block of ice, +about eight feet above the surface of the sea. It must have climbed this +elevation by crawling up one side of the frozen mass, which was shelving +and easy of access, by means of its tusks and flippers; but, whatever was +its way of mounting the acclivity, it quickly showed us how it managed to +descend; for, upon a couple of bullets passing through its neck, it gave +itself a heave backward, rolled overhead and heels down the slope of the +hummock, and was launched violently into the water by the precipitate rush +of its heavy body. No sooner did it find itself in its most natural +element, than it prepared to dive; but this manoeuvre had been foreseen, +and the stern of the boat was on its back at the moment it was about to +disappear, and the captain exerting all his force, after striking the +weapon with a sudden plunge against its tough hide, drove the harpoon +through its skin, and allowed it to make its vain attempt at escape. It +then dived and took out several fathoms of line like a whale, but it soon +rose to the surface, and reared its frightful head and shoulders above the +waves, with the most threatening aspect of deadly warfare. Evidently eager +to revenge itself upon its enemies, the morse began to take hasty strokes +towards us, yet in a state of hurry and confusion which impressed us with a +belief that the balls had inflicted desperate, if not immediately mortal +wounds. Nevertheless, it displayed determination enough to enter into close +conflict with its foes, and came on, puffing and snorting, with a savage +though bewildered look. Seeing this disposition to assail us, we backed +astern; but before the walrus had made much progress, the guns were +reloaded, and another bullet struck it on the head, which sent it down +immediately; however, it quickly appeared again, raising itself high above +the water, and looking furiously around for its antagonists. When it +perceived our position, it resumed its endeavour to attack us; but during +its approach it stopped short, infirm of purpose, probably exhausted with +loss of blood, or growing giddy from the shock of the last ball, and +allowed us time to discharge a musket once more, and with fatal effect; its +head dropped suddenly upon the water, and we pulled up and took it in tow. +When we had hoisted it on board, a proceeding that required pretty strong +tackle and several hands, it was flayed, yielding a hide of extraordinary +thickness, lined on the inside with blubber, and scantily covered +externally with short reddish brown hair, the greatest part of its skin +appearing to have been denuded of this clothing by eruptive blotches, such +as I presume disfigure a measly hog. Although incomparably larger, the +general contour of its body resembled the figure of a seal; its frame being +of the same description, though differently moulded. It was considerably +more bulky in proportion to its length, its chest and back more elevated, +its fore flippers thicker and more rounded, and its hind quarters less +tapering to the tail. Altogether, it impressed upon the mind a strong idea +of a formidable monster, in spite of its relatively diminutive head; for +its fearful tusks, and thick-set projecting whiskers, gave its visage a +most truculent expression; and with its grotesquely fashioned ponderous +carcass, provided with fin feet of strange formation, seemed to mark it as +a personification of one of the fabulous conceptions of mythology. + +The morse is said to roar or bellow loudly, but the animal we slew made no +outcry, for the half sneezing, half snorting sounds it uttered I conceive +to have been the consequence of its hasty dive, which had apparently +prevented its taking in sufficient breath, and occasioned it to admit some +water down its windpipe. Nevertheless, the immense size of its larynx or +thropple, which William dissected out and brought with him to England, +seems to indicate vast powers of voice in this animal; but I am at a loss +to conjecture why it should be provided either with this unusual capability +of "blaring," or with the exceedingly strong whiskers that arm its muzzle, +organs which, though nominally of little or no importance except in +Bond-street, must really be of consequence to the walrus, since their roots +are imbedded in two thick cushions of tough blubbery substance, so large as +to give a marked character to the countenance, and evidently pointing out +the growth and nourishment of these whiskers as a matter of some +consideration in the eye of nature. + + * * * * * + + +SEAL'S WEDDING. + + +Just as we had made fast to a floe, to take in water from a bright blue +pool which slept on its hollow surface, I was called upon deck to witness +"a seal's wedding." This ceremony was performed in a manner which, however +nuptial it may have appeared to seamen, was not quite in accordance with my +ideas of the hymeneal contract. A "seal's wedding" seems to be a seal's +dance, or a combination of gambols, which these animals act together, while +swimming rapidly forward in company, leaping above the surface of the +water, rolling, tumbling, going "tail up" after each other, and enacting a +thousand wild freaks, as unexpected from such grave-looking and +clumsy-built harlequins as can be imagined. Yet why should not the solemn +visaged, double-chinned phoca partake of one of the most universal habits +of animal life--the love of frolic?--a desire which is equally as diffused +throughout the living creation as the inclination for fighting. A shoal or +"school" of beautiful unicorns also swam past our vessel at this time; they +were particularly large, and, from the numerous horns projected from the +water, there must have been many males amongst them. They swim, dive, rise, +and blow, much like other whales, throwing up their tails when scared, or +when intending to take a deep dive, in the same manner, but exhibiting far +greater quickness in foreseeing and avoiding the approach of enemies. No +satisfactory use has been assigned for the horn that arms the male narwal, +nor should any reason be conjectured for its presence that involves its +possessor's mode of procuring food, since the same necessity would be +unprovided for in the female; yet I have sometimes thought the horn was +employed to dislodge the flat-fish, on which the unicorn feeds, from the +recesses of the bottom, where they would naturally conceal themselves at +the sight of their enemy; and if the narwal seeks its prey in company, as, +from its constant appearance in a shoal, may be concluded, the raking of +the horns amidst the weeds and ooze would be as serviceable to the unarmed +females as to their gallant consorts. + + * * * * * + + + +THE GATHERER. + + + A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. + SHAKSPEARE. + + + * * * * * + + +OLD LOVE SONG. + + + When the bright God of day + Drove to westward his way, + And the ev'ning was charming and clear, + When the swallows amain, + Nimbly skimm'd o'er the plain, + And the shadows like giants appear. + + In a jessamin bower, + When the bean was in flower, + And the zephyrs breath'd odours around, + Lovely Coelia she sat, + With her song, and spinnet, + To charm all the grove with the sound. + + Rosy bowers she sung, + While the harmony rung, + And the birds did all flutt'ring arrive, + The industrious bees + From the flowers and trees, + Gently humm'd with their sweets to the hive. + + Now the gay god of love, + As he flew o'er the grove, + By zephyrs conducted along, + While she play'd on the strings, + He beat time with his wings, + And an echo repeated the song. + + Oh ye mortals beware + How ye venture too near, + Love doubly is armed to wound; + From her eyes if you run, + You are surely undone + If she reach but your ears with the sound. + + * * * * * + + +EPITAPH ON A LAWYER. + + +The following inscription is taken from a tomb in St. Pancras churchyard, +Middlesex. It is a flat stone, which some years since lay even with the +ground, but was, about 1815, raised on a few tier of bricks, (to prevent +obliteration by footsteps,) by order of the church-wardens, as I was +informed by the grave-digger, and which, no doubt, was done on account of +the singularity of the lines. The situation of the tomb is not far from the +east corner of the church, a little beyond a lofty tomb with a monument. +The inscription, from time, has been much defaced, and the verse is not +easily made out by a stranger; but I have recollected it since about the +year 1778, when it was very perfect. I saw the same in 1817, and took a +copy as under:-- + +"This stone is inscribed to the memory of Mr. Thomas Abbott, of Swaffham, +in the county of Norfolk, attorney-at-law, who died lamented by his +friends, (enemies he had none,) after a painful and tedious illness, which +he bore with patience, resignation, and fortitude becoming a man. Departed +this life August the 16th, Anno Domini 1762, aged 48." + + "Here lieth one, (believe it if you can,) + Who, though an attorney, was an honest man. + The gates of heaven for him shall open wide, + But will be shut against all the tribe beside." + +T.R. + + * * * * * + + +A celebrated gunaiphilist having asked a friend with whom he was walking, +if the woman they had just met was not very _passable_, the other replied, +"Undoubtedly she was, or I had never _got by her_, while you were with me +at least." + +HEBES. + + * * * * * + + +A WEDDING. + + +A tragic-comic meeting, compounded of favours, footmen, faintings, +farewells, prayers, parsons, plumcakes, rings, refreshments, bottles, +blubberings, God bless-ye's, and gallopings away in a post-chaise and four. + + * * * * * + + +CHARADE. + + +A natural production, neither animal, vegetable, nor mineral, neither male +nor female, yet often produced between both; it exists from two to six feet +high, is often spoken of in romances, and strongly recommended by precept, +example, and Holy Writ.--_A kiss._ + + * * * * * + + +Extempore written during the time some medical pupils were considering how +they should remove the heart of a young woman deceased, whom the friends +allowed them to open, on condition that they took no part away:-- + + St. Thomas's pupils, I cannot help grieving, + To think it should ever be said, + That we, who so oft steal girls' hearts whilst they're living, + Should steal them as well when they're dead. + + We're admitted in confidence, and with reliance + The friends on our honour depend; + We have given the pledge, then disgrace not the _science_, + By stealing the heart from a friend. + +E.C. + + * * * * * + + +Sir Isaac Newton was, it is well known, extremely fond of employing his +leisure hours in fishing. Being one day asked by a fellow-collegian how it +happened that so vast a genius could stoop to a pursuit so trifling at the +best, replied, "How is it possible that you should be surprised at my being +_a lover of the angle?_" + +HEBES. + + * * * * * + +LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE + +_Following Novels is already Published:_ + + s. d. + Mackenzie's Man of Feeling 0 6 + Paul and Virginia 0 6 + The Castle of Otranto 0 6 + Almoran and Hamet 0 6 + Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia 0 6 + The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne 0 6 + Rasselas 0 8 + The Old English Baron 0 8 + Nature and Art 0 8 + Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield 0 10 + Sicilian Romance 1 0 + The Man of the World 1 0 + A Simple Story 1 4 + Joseph Andrews 1 6 + Humphry Clinker 1 8 + The Romance of the Forest 1 8 + The Italian 2 0 + Zeluco, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Edward, by Dr. Moore 2 0 + Roderick Random 2 6 + The Mysteries of Udolpho 3 6 + + * * * * * + +_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset House,) +London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and by all +Newsmen and Booksellers._ + + + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE *** + +***** This file should be named 11742.txt or 11742.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/1/7/4/11742/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Elaine Walker and PG Distributed +Proofreaders + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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