initial commit of ebook 11722HEADmain

95 files changed, 12398 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6833f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* text=auto
+*.txt text
+*.md text
diff --git a/11722-0.txt b/11722-0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac3199e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2724 @@
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11722 ***
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original illustrations.
+      See 11722-h.htm or 11722-h.zip:
+      (http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/1/1/7/2/11722/11722-h/11722-h.htm)
+      or
+      (http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/1/1/7/2/11722/11722-h.zip)
+
+      Images of the original pages are available through the Florida
+      Board of Education, Division of Colleges and Universities,
+      PALMM Project, 2001. (Preservation and Access for American and
+      British Children's Literature, 1850-1869.) See
+      http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/dl/UF00000411.jpg
+      or
+      http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/dl/UF00000411.pdf
+
+
+
+
+NATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL SERIES.--NO. 1.
+
+FIRST LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY;
+
+Or, Introduction to "Youth's Manual of Geography."
+
+By JAMES MONTEITH
+
+1856
+
+
+
+
+NATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL SERIES.
+
+
+No. 1.--MONTEITH'S FIRST LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY, for Beginners.
+
+No. 2.--MONTEITH'S YOUTH'S MANUAL OF GEOGRAPHY, for Junior
+and Intermediate Classes.
+
+No. 3.--McNALLY'S SYSTEM OF GEOGRAPHY, for Advanced Classes in
+Schools, Academies, and Seminaries.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The above Books, which are written by Practical Teachers, constitute the
+most complete GEOGRAPHICAL SCHOOL SERIES extant; and they are so adapted
+to each other, that the learner advances from one to the other with
+satisfaction and success.
+
+A.S. BARNES & CO.
+
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+It is evident, that to secure a complete system of teaching Geography in
+our Schools, there should be at least three grades of Text-books; namely,
+INTRODUCTORY, INTERMEDIATE, and ADVANCED. As the necessity for a Geography
+more introductory in its character than those now in use has been
+long felt, the Author would respectfully solicit the notice of his
+fellow-teachers to this little work.
+
+Its plan is such, that the subject is presented in the most simple form.
+
+It treats of GENERAL FEATURES, such as the locality and description of
+Continents, Countries, States, Rivers, Mountains, &c., without dwelling
+prematurely upon the minute details that embarrass the learner in his first
+effort.
+
+The EXERCISES are arranged in Question and Answer.
+
+The MAPS are free from all meridians, parallels of latitude, and any
+superabundance of names; thereby giving a greater prominence to the general
+divisions of land and water.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+DEFINITIONS.
+
+
+MAP OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE.
+
+MAP OF THE EASTERN HEMISPHERE.
+
+MAP OF NORTH AMERICA.
+
+MAP OF THE UNITED STATES.
+
+MAP OF THE EASTERN STATES.
+
+MAP OF THE MIDDLE STATES.
+
+MAP OF THE SOUTHERN STATES.
+
+MAP OF THE WESTERN STATES.
+
+MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA.
+
+MAP OF EUROPE.
+
+MAP OF ASIA.
+
+MAP OF AFRICA.
+
+[Illustration: Excelsior.]
+
+HISTORY OF NORTH AMERICA.
+
+HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES.
+
+HISTORY OF THE EASTERN STATES.
+
+HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE STATES.
+
+HISTORY OF THE SOUTHERN STATES.
+
+HISTORY OF THE WESTERN STATES.
+
+HISTORY OF SOUTH AMERICA.
+
+HISTORY OF EUROPE.
+
+HISTORY OF ASIA.
+
+HISTORY OF AFRICA.
+
+
+
+
+FIRST LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY.
+
+[Illustration: Going to School.]
+
+LESSON I.
+
+
+Q. What is Geography?
+
+A. A description of the Earth's surface.
+
+
+Q. What is the Earth?
+
+A. The planet or body on which we live.
+
+
+Q. What is the shape of the Earth?
+
+A. Round, like a ball.
+
+
+Q. Of what is the Earth composed?
+
+A. Land and Water.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON II.
+
+
+Q. What is a Continent?
+
+A. The largest division of the land.
+
+
+Q. How many Continents are there?
+
+A. Two; the Eastern and the Western.
+
+
+Q. On which Continent do we live?
+
+A. On the Western Continent.
+
+
+Q. What are the divisions of the Western Continent?
+
+A. North America and South America.
+
+
+[Illustration: Map of the World.]
+
+
+Q. What are the divisions of the Eastern Continent?
+
+A. Europe, Asia, and Africa.
+
+
+Q. What is an Ocean?
+
+A. The largest division of the water.
+
+
+Q. How many Oceans are there?
+
+A. Five; Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern or Antarctic, Northern or
+Arctic.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON III.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest Ocean?
+
+A. The Pacific Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What is an Island?
+
+A. A portion of land _entirely_ surrounded by water.
+
+
+Q. What is a Peninsula?
+
+A. A portion of land _almost_ surrounded by water.
+
+
+[Illustration: The Earth.]
+
+
+Q. What is a Lake?
+
+A. A body of water almost surrounded by land.
+
+
+Q. What is an Isthmus?
+
+A. A neck joining two larger portions of land.
+
+
+Q. What is a Strait?
+
+A. A passage connecting two larger bodies of water.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON IV.
+
+
+Q. What is a Cape?
+
+A. A point of land extending into the water.
+
+
+Q. What is a Mountain?
+
+A. A vast elevation of land.
+
+
+Q. What is a Hill?
+
+A. A small elevation of land.
+
+
+[Illustration: Studying Geography.]
+
+
+Q. What is a Volcano?
+
+A. A mountain which sends out fire, smoke, and lava.
+
+
+Q. What is a Valley?
+
+A. The low land between hills or mountains.
+
+
+Q. What is a Plain?
+
+A. A level tract of land.
+
+
+Q. What is a Desert?
+
+A. A barren region of country.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON V.
+
+
+Q. What is a Sea?
+
+A. The division of water, the next in size to an ocean.
+
+
+Q. What is a Gulf or Bay?
+
+A. A body of water extending into the land.
+
+
+Q. What is a River?
+
+A. A stream of water flowing through the land.
+
+
+[Illustration: A River. A Windmill.]
+
+
+Q. By what are Rivers formed?
+
+A. By Springs.
+
+
+Q. What is a Spring?
+
+A. Water flowing from the ground.
+
+
+Q. What are Small Streams called?
+
+A. Brooks and Creeks.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON VI.
+
+
+Q. Who governs an Empire?
+
+A. An Emperor.
+
+
+Q. Who governs a Kingdom?
+
+A. A King or a Queen.
+
+
+Q. Who governs a Republic?
+
+A. Men elected by the People.
+
+
+[Illustration: A Caravan crossing a Desert.]
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest Empire in the world?
+
+A. Russia.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest Kingdom in the world?
+
+A. Great Britain.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest Republic in the world?
+
+A. The United States.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON VII.
+
+
+[Illustration: {Map created for questions in the lesson.}]
+
+
+Q. What is a Map?
+
+A. A picture of the whole, or a part, of the Earth's Surface.
+
+
+Q. What are the directions on a Map?
+
+A. Toward the top, North; toward the bottom, South; to the right, East; to
+the left, West.
+
+
+Q. In what direction from the centre of the picture is the Island?
+
+A. North.
+
+
+Q. In what direction is the Volcano? The Cape?
+
+
+Q. The Bay? The Lake? The Strait? The Mountains?
+
+
+Q. The Isthmus?
+
+
+Q. What is in the East? In the West? In the South? In the North? In the
+Northwest? In the Southeast? In the Northeast? In the Southwest?
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE.]
+
+
+LESSON VIII.
+
+
+Q. In what Division of the Earth do we live?
+
+A. In North America.
+
+
+Q. What Division south of North America?
+
+A. South America.
+
+
+Q. When you look at the rising Sun, what Ocean is before you?
+
+A. Atlantic Ocean.
+
+
+Q. Where does the Sun rise?
+
+A. In the East.
+
+
+Q. Where, then, is the Atlantic Ocean?
+
+A. East of America.
+
+
+Q. When you look at the setting Sun, what Ocean is before you?
+
+A. Pacific Ocean.
+
+
+Q. Where does the Sun set?
+
+A. In the West.
+
+
+Q. Where is the Pacific Ocean?
+
+A. West of America.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean north of America?
+
+A. Northern Ocean.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON IX.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean south of America?
+
+A. Southern Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Isthmus joins South America to North America?
+
+A. Isthmus of Darien.
+
+
+Q. Which is the most northern Country of North America?
+
+A. Greenland.
+
+
+Q. What Bay west of Greenland?
+
+A. Baffin's Bay
+
+
+Q. Do you live in North America or in South America?
+
+
+Q. What Ocean east of America?
+
+
+Q. What Ocean west of America?
+
+
+Q. Where is the Northern Ocean?
+
+
+Q. Where is the Southern Ocean?
+
+
+Q. In what Ocean are the Sandwich Islands?
+
+
+Q. In what Ocean are the Cape Verd Islands?
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF THE EASTERN HEMISPHERE.]
+
+
+LESSON X.
+
+
+Q. What are the Divisions of the Eastern Continent?
+
+A. Europe, Asia, and Africa.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest?
+
+A. Asia.
+
+
+Q. Which is the smallest?
+
+A. Europe.
+
+
+Q. Which is furthest to the right, or east?
+
+A. Asia.
+
+
+Q. Which is furthest south?
+
+A. Africa.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean east of Asia?
+
+A. Pacific Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean south of Asia?
+
+A. Indian Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean west of Africa?
+
+A. Atlantic Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Sea south of Europe?
+
+A. Mediterranean Sea.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XI
+
+
+Q. What Sea east of Africa?
+
+A. Red Sea.
+
+
+Q. What Cape in the south of Africa?
+
+A. Cape of Good Hope.
+
+
+Q. What Division of the Earth is composed of Islands?
+
+A. Oceanica.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest Island in the World?
+
+A. Australia.
+
+
+Q. What Oceans do you find on the Eastern Hemisphere?
+
+
+Q. What Division between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans?
+
+
+Q. What Division west of Asia?
+
+
+Q. What Division south of Europe?
+
+
+Q. Between what Divisions is the Mediterranean Sea?
+
+
+Q. Between what is the Red Sea?
+
+
+Q. Where is the Cape of Good Hope?
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF NORTH AMERICA.]
+
+
+LESSON XII.
+
+
+Q. What three Oceans around North America?
+
+A. Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific.
+
+
+Q. What Country furthest north?
+
+A. Greenland.
+
+
+Q. What Country furthest south?
+
+A. Central America.
+
+
+Q. In what Country do we live?
+
+A. In the United States.
+
+
+Q. What Country north of the United States?
+
+A. British America.
+
+
+Q. What Country south of the United States?
+
+A. Mexico.
+
+
+Q. What Country in the northwest?
+
+A. Russian America.
+
+
+Q. What Peninsula in the south?
+
+A. Yucatan.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XIII.
+
+
+Q. Between what two Oceans is the United States?
+
+A. Atlantic and Pacific.
+
+
+Q. What Bay west of Greenland?
+
+A. Baffin's Bay.
+
+
+Q. What Bay in British America?
+
+A. Hudson's Bay.
+
+
+Q. What large Sea southeast of North America?
+
+A. Caribbean Sea.
+
+
+Q. Which are the largest two Countries of North America?
+
+
+Q. Between what two Countries is the United States?
+
+
+Q. In what Country is Hudson's Bay?
+
+
+Q. Between what two Countries is Baffin's Bay?
+
+
+Q. What large Island southeast of the United States?
+
+
+Q. Where is Cape Farewell?
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XIV.
+
+
+Q. What large Gulf south of the United States?
+
+A. Gulf of Mexico.
+
+
+Q. Where is the Gulf of Mexico?
+
+A. South of the United States.
+
+
+Q. What two great Rivers in the United States?
+
+A. Mississippi and Missouri.
+
+
+[Illustration: Icebergs near Greenland.]
+
+
+Q. What Mountains in the western part of N. America?
+
+A. Rocky Mountains.
+
+
+Q. Where are the Rocky Mountains?
+
+A. In the western part of N. America
+
+
+Q. What Island east of Greenland?
+
+A. Iceland.
+
+
+Q. Where is Iceland?
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XV.
+
+NORTH AMERICA.
+
+
+Q. By whom was America discovered?
+
+A. By Columbus; about 360 years ago.
+
+
+Q. What kind of People did he find here?
+
+A. Dark-colored Savages.
+
+
+Q. What did Columbus name them?
+
+A. Indians.
+
+
+[Illustration: Columbus discovering America.]
+
+
+Q. After whom was America named?
+
+A. A man named Americus.
+
+
+Q. What can you say of the Northern part of N. America?
+
+A. It is very cold.
+
+
+Q. What of the Southern part of N. America?
+
+A. It is very warm.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF THE UNITED STATES.]
+
+
+LESSON XVI.
+
+
+Q. How many States are there? 31.
+
+
+Q. How are they divided?
+
+A. Into Eastern, Middle, Western, and Southern States.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest State?
+
+A. Texas.
+
+
+Q. Which is the smallest State?
+
+A. Rhode Island.
+
+
+Q. What State on the Pacific?
+
+A. California.
+
+
+Q. What State in the north, almost surrounded by Lakes?
+
+A. Michigan.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest of these Lakes?
+
+A. Lake Superior.
+
+
+Q. What Lake east of Michigan?
+
+A. Lake Huron.
+
+
+Q. What Lake west of Michigan?
+
+A. Lake Michigan.
+
+
+Q. What River west of Texas?
+
+A. Rio Grande.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XVII.
+
+
+Q. What large River flows south into the Gulf of Mexico?
+
+A. Mississippi River.
+
+
+Q. What large Rivers flow into the Mississippi?
+
+A. Missouri, Ohio, Arkansas, and Red.
+
+
+Q. What River between Texas and Mexico?
+
+A. Rio Grande.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean east of the United States?
+
+
+Q. What Ocean west?
+
+
+Q. What Country south?
+
+
+Q. What Gulf south?
+
+
+Q. In what State do you live?
+
+
+Q. What States touch your State?
+
+
+Q. Where is Lake Superior?
+
+
+Q. What Lake in Utah?
+
+
+Q. Into what does the Ohio flow?
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XVIII.
+
+
+Q. Which State is furthest northeast?
+
+A. Maine.
+
+
+Q. Where is Maine?
+
+A. In the northeastern part of the United States.
+
+
+Q. Which State is furthest south?
+
+A. Florida.
+
+
+[Illustration: Locomotive. Telegraph. Steamship.]
+
+
+Q. Between what Ocean and Gulf is Florida?
+
+
+Q. What State is furthest west?
+
+A. California.
+
+
+Q. Where is California?
+
+
+Q. What States touch the Mississippi River?
+
+
+Q. What States touch the Gulf of Mexico?
+
+
+Q. How many Territories are there?
+
+A. Eight.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest Territory?
+
+A. Nebraska.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XIX.
+
+THE UNITED STATES.
+
+
+Q. What are the people of the United States called?
+
+A. Americans.
+
+
+Q. Who governed this Country about 80 years ago?
+
+A. The King of England.
+
+
+Q. How did the Americans obtain their freedom?
+
+A. By a war which lasted nearly eight years.
+
+
+[Illustration: Settlers attacked by Indians.]
+
+
+Q. What great man led the American army?
+
+A. George Washington, who became the first President.
+
+
+Q. How has this Country increased?
+
+A. From 13 to 31 States.
+
+
+Q. What troubles had the settlers of this Country?
+
+A. Many were murdered by the Indians.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XX.
+
+CAPITALS.
+
+
+CAPITAL OF THE UNITED STATES,
+
+WASHINGTON,                       on the    Potomac River.
+
+
+EASTERN STATES.
+
+  States.          Capitals.                  Situation.
+
+MAINE,           Augusta,         on the    Kennebec.
+
+NEW HAMPSHIRE,   Concord,         on the    Merrimac.
+
+VERMONT,         Montpelier,      on the    Onion.
+
+MASSACHUSETTS,   Boston,          on the    Boston Harbor.
+
+RHODE ISLAND,    Providence,      on the    Providence Bay.
+                 Newport,         on the    Rhode Island.
+
+CONNECTICUT,*    Hartford,        on the    Connecticut.
+                 New Haven,       on the    New Haven Bay.
+
+      * kon-net'e-kut.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXI.
+
+MIDDLE STATES.
+
+
+  States.          Capitals.                  Situation.
+
+NEW YORK,        Albany,          on the    Hudson.
+
+NEW JERSEY,      Trenton,         on the    Delaware.
+
+PENNSYLVANIA,    Harrisburg,      on the    Susquehanna.
+
+DELAWARE,        Dover,           on the    Jones' Creek.
+
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXII.
+
+SOUTHERN STATES.
+
+
+  States.          Capitals.                  Situation.
+
+MARYLAND,        Annapolis,       on the    Severn.
+
+VIRGINIA,        Richmond,        on the    James.
+
+NORTH CAROLINA,  Raleigh,       near the    Neuse.
+
+SOUTH CAROLINA,  Columbia,        on the    Congaree.
+
+GEORGIA,         Milledgeville,   on the    Oconee.
+
+FLORIDA,         Tallahassee,               Inland.
+
+ALABAMA,         Montgomery,      on the    Alabama.
+
+MISSISSIPPI,     Jackson,         on the    Pearl.
+
+LOUISIANA,       Baton Rouge,*    on the    Mississippi.
+
+TEXAS,           Austin,          on the    Colorado.
+
+      * bat' on-roozh.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXIII.
+
+WESTERN STATES.
+
+
+  States.          Capitals.                  Situation.
+
+ARKANSAS,        Little Rock,     on the    Arkansas.
+
+TENNESSEE,       Nashville,       on the    Cumberland.
+
+KENTUCKY,        Frankfort,       on the    Kentucky.
+
+OHIO,            Columbus,        on the    Sciota.
+
+MICHIGAN,        Lansing,         on the    Grand.
+
+INDIANA,         Indianapolis,    on the    West Fork of the White.
+
+ILLINOIS,(oy)    Springfield,   near the    Sangamon.*
+
+WISCONSIN,       Madison,         on the    Fourth Lake.
+
+IOWA,            Iowa City,       on the    Iowa.
+
+MISSOURI,        Jefferson City,  on the    Missouri.
+
+CALIFORNIA,      Sacramento,      on the    Sacramento.
+
+      * sang'ga-mon.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF THE EASTERN STATES.]
+
+
+LESSON XXIV.
+
+
+Q. How many Eastern States are there?
+
+A. Six.
+
+
+Q. What two States north of Massachusetts?
+
+A. New Hampshire and Vermont.
+
+
+Q. What two States south of Massachusetts?
+
+A. Connecticut and Rhode Island.
+
+
+Q. What State west?
+
+A. New York.
+
+
+Q. What large River between Vermont and New Hampshire?
+
+A. Connecticut River.
+
+
+Q. Through what States does it flow?
+
+A. Massachusetts and Connecticut.
+
+
+Q. What Rivers in Maine?
+
+A. Kennebec and Penobscot.
+
+
+Q. What River in New Hampshire?
+
+A. Merrimac River.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXV.
+
+
+Q. Through what other State does the Merrimac flow?
+
+A. Massachusetts.
+
+
+Q. What Mountains in Vermont?
+
+A. Green Mountains.
+
+
+Q. Where are the White Mountains?
+
+A. In New Hampshire.
+
+
+Q. What large Sound south of Connecticut?
+
+A. Long Island Sound
+
+
+Q. Name the Eastern States.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest?
+
+
+Q. Which is the smallest?
+
+
+Q. Where are the Green Mountains?
+
+
+Q. What large River flows into Long Island Sound?
+
+
+Q. What Cape in the eastern part of Massachusetts?
+
+
+Q. What three Rivers flow into the Atlantic Ocean?
+
+
+Q. Describe the Connecticut River.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXVI.
+
+
+Q. What Country north of the Eastern States?
+
+A. Canada.
+
+
+Q. What State west?
+
+A. New York.
+
+
+Q. What large Island south of Connecticut?
+
+A. Long Island.
+
+
+[Illustration: Canal. Factories. Cattle.]
+
+
+Q. Where is Long Island?
+
+A. South of Connecticut.
+
+
+Q. What Lake between Vermont and New York?
+
+A. Lake Champlain.
+
+
+Q. Where is Lake Champlain?
+
+A. Between Vermont and New York.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXVII.
+
+EASTERN STATES.
+
+
+Q. What are these six States together called?
+
+A. New England.
+
+
+Q. Who first came to New England?
+
+A. People from England, called Puritans.
+
+
+Q. For what are some of these States noted?
+
+A. For Woolen and Cotton Manufactures.
+
+
+[Illustration: Lumber of Maine.]
+
+
+Q. What is obtained from Maine?
+
+A. Lumber.
+
+
+Q. For what animals is Vermont noted?
+
+A. For Sheep.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest City in New England?
+
+A. Boston.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF THE MIDDLE STATES.]
+
+
+LESSON XXVIII.
+
+
+Q. How many Middle States are there?
+
+A. Four.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest?
+
+A. New York.
+
+
+Q. Which is next in size?
+
+A. Pennsylvania.
+
+
+Q. Which is the next?
+
+A. New Jersey.
+
+
+Q. Which is the smallest?
+
+A. Delaware.
+
+
+Q. What Country north of New York?
+
+A. Canada.
+
+
+Q. What two Lakes on the west?
+
+A. Ontario and Erie.
+
+
+Q. What two large Rivers in the eastern part of New York?
+
+A. Hudson and Mohawk.
+
+
+Q. What large River in the western part of New York?
+
+A. Genesee River.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXIX.
+
+
+Q. What large River flows through Pennsylvania?
+
+A. Susquehanna River.
+
+
+Q. What large River flows northeast from Lake Ontario?
+
+A. St. Lawrence River.
+
+
+Q. What Mountains in New York?
+
+A. Catskill and Highlands.
+
+
+Q. What large City in New York?
+
+A. New York.
+
+
+Q. Name the Middle States.
+
+
+Q. What States south of New York?
+
+
+Q. What States east of New York?
+
+
+Q. Where is Lake Erie?
+
+
+Q. Where is Lake Ontario?
+
+
+Q. Where is the Hudson River?
+
+
+Q. Where is the St. Lawrence?
+
+
+Q. Into what Lake does the Genesee River flow?
+
+
+Q. What Lake northeast of New York?
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXX.
+
+
+Q. What River between Pennsylvania and New Jersey?
+
+A. Delaware River.
+
+
+Q. Where is the Delaware River?
+
+A. Between Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
+
+
+Q. What Bay between New Jersey and Delaware?
+
+A. Delaware Bay.
+
+
+[Illustration: Train of cars in full speed.]
+
+
+Q. Where is the Delaware Bay?
+
+A. Between New Jersey and Delaware.
+
+
+Q. What large Bay in Maryland?
+
+A. Chesapeake Bay.
+
+
+Q. What Mountains in Pennsylvania?
+
+A. Alleghany and Blue Ridge.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXXI.
+
+THE MIDDLE STATES.
+
+
+Q. For what are the Middle States noted?
+
+A. For Canals and Railroads.
+
+
+Q. What Waterfall between Lakes Erie and Ontario?
+
+A. Niagara Falls.
+
+
+Q. What do we get from Pennsylvania?
+
+A. Coal and Iron.
+
+
+[Illustration: Coal Mines.]
+
+
+Q. What does the word Pennsylvania mean?
+
+A. Penn's Woods.
+
+
+Q. Who was William Penn?
+
+A. A Quaker from England, who was good and just to the Indians.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest City in Pennsylvania?
+
+A. Philadelphia.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF THE SOUTHERN STATES.]
+
+
+LESSON XXXII.
+
+
+Q. How many Southern States are there?
+
+A. Ten.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest?
+
+A. Texas.
+
+
+Q. Which is furthest south?
+
+A. Florida.
+
+
+Q. What division of land is Florida?
+
+A. A Peninsula.
+
+
+Q. What Island south of Florida?
+
+A. Cuba.
+
+
+Q. What States north of Florida?
+
+A. Georgia and Alabama.
+
+
+Q. What River touches Virginia?
+
+A. Ohio River.
+
+
+Q. What River flows through the northern part of Alabama?
+
+A. Tennessee River.
+
+
+Q. Into what River does the Tennessee flow?
+
+A. Into the Ohio River.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXXIII.
+
+
+Q. What State east of Maryland?
+
+A. Delaware.
+
+
+Q. What State west of North Carolina?
+
+A. Tennessee.
+
+
+Q. What River between South Carolina and Georgia?
+
+A. Savannah River.
+
+
+Q. Into what does it flow?
+
+A. Into the Atlantic Ocean.
+
+
+Q. Name the Southern States.
+
+
+Q. Name the States that touch the Atlantic Ocean.
+
+
+Q. Name the States that touch the Gulf of Mexico.
+
+
+Q. What two Southern States touch the Mississippi River?
+
+
+Q. Between what Ocean and Gulf is Florida?
+
+
+Q. Where is Cape Sable?
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXXIV.
+
+
+Q. What Mountains in the Southern States?
+
+A. Cumberland, Alleghany, and Blue Ridge.
+
+
+Q. What large Island south of Florida?
+
+A. Cuba.
+
+
+Q. Where is Cuba?
+
+A. South of Florida.
+
+
+[Illustration: Sugar. Tobacco. Cotton.]
+
+
+Q. What Strait between Florida and Cuba?
+
+A. Florida Strait.
+
+
+Q. Where is Florida Strait?
+
+A. Between Florida and Cuba.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean and Gulf does it connect?
+
+A. Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXXV.
+
+THE SOUTHERN STATES.
+
+
+Q. What is the Climate of the Southern States?
+
+A. Warm.
+
+
+Q. What do the Planters of the Southern States own?
+
+A. Large plantations cultivated by slaves.
+
+
+Q. What are raised on these plantations?
+
+A. Sugar, Tobacco, and Cotton.
+
+
+[Illustration: Catching Wild Horses with the Lasso.]
+
+
+Q. From what State does most of the Sugar come?
+
+A. Louisiana.
+
+
+Q. What Presidents were born in Virginia?
+
+A. Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Harrison, and Taylor.
+
+
+Q. How are wild horses caught?
+
+A. By means of a leather rope called a Lasso.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF THE WESTERN STATES.]
+
+
+LESSON XXXVI.
+
+
+Q. How many Western States are there?
+
+A. Eleven.
+
+
+Q. What two are furthest north?
+
+A. Michigan and Wisconsin.
+
+
+Q. What three lie on the west side of the Mississippi River?
+
+A. Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas.
+
+
+Q. What three lie on the north side of the Ohio River?
+
+A. Ohio, Indiana, Illinois.
+
+
+Q. What two south of the Ohio?
+
+A. Kentucky and Tennessee.
+
+
+Q. What Lake north of Michigan?
+
+A. Lake Superior.
+
+
+Q. What Lake east of Michigan?
+
+A. Lake Huron.
+
+
+Q. What Lake west of Michigan?
+
+A. Lake Michigan.
+
+
+Q. What Lake north of Ohio?
+
+A. Lake Erie.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXXVII.
+
+
+Q. What Western State does not appear on this map?
+
+A. California.
+
+
+Q. What four great Rivers flow through the Western States?
+
+A. Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri, and Arkansas.
+
+
+Q. In what direction do nearly all the Rivers in
+the Western States flow?
+
+A. Toward the Mississippi.
+
+
+Q. Name the Western States.
+
+
+Q. What four large Lakes touch the Western States?
+
+
+Q. Name the largest four Rivers in the Western States.
+
+
+Q. What River in Ohio?
+
+
+Q. What River between Indiana and Illinois?
+
+
+Q. What States south of Tennessee?
+
+
+Q. What State east of Kentucky?
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXXVIII.
+
+
+Q. What River in Wisconsin?
+
+A. Wisconsin River.
+
+
+Q. What River in Iowa?
+
+A. Iowa River.
+
+
+Q. What River flows through Missouri?
+
+A. Missouri River.
+
+
+[ILLUSTRATION: Western Steamboat.]
+
+
+Q. What River flows through Arkansas?
+
+A. Arkansas River.
+
+
+Q. What River flows through Tennessee?
+
+A. Tennessee River.
+
+
+Q. What River in Illinois?
+
+A. Illinois River.
+
+
+Q. Where do they all empty?
+
+A. All except the Tennessee empty into the Mississippi.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXXIX.
+
+THE WESTERN STATES.
+
+
+Q. What grow in the Western States?
+
+A. Corn, Wheat, Rye, and Fruit.
+
+
+Q. For what are the Western States noted?
+
+A. For fine Rivers and Steamboats.
+
+
+Q. Which of the Western States is noted for Gold?
+
+A. California.
+
+
+[Illustration: Indians in their Canoes conducting Travellers over Rapids.]
+
+
+Q. Where do the Indians of the United States mostly live?
+
+A. In the Western Territories.
+
+
+Q. What are many of the Indians?
+
+A. Good farmers and quiet people.
+
+
+Q. In what are some of them very expert?
+
+A. In conducting travellers past dangerous places.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA.]
+
+
+LESSON XL.
+
+
+Q. What natural division of land is South America?
+
+A. A Peninsula.
+
+
+Q. What Division of the Earth is north of South America?
+
+A. North America.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean east?
+
+A. Atlantic Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean west?
+
+A. Pacific Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Sea north?
+
+A. Caribbean Sea.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest River in South America?
+
+A. Amazon River.
+
+
+Q. How long is the Amazon?
+
+A. Four thousand miles.
+
+
+Q. What River further north than the Amazon?
+
+A. Orinoco River.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XLI
+
+
+Q. What River in the southeast?
+
+A. La Plata River.
+
+
+Q. Into what do these Rivers flow?
+
+A. Into the Atlantic Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What great chain of Mountains in the west?
+
+A. Andes Mountains.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest Country of South America?
+
+A. Brazil.
+
+
+Q. Between what two Oceans is South America?
+
+
+Q. Where is the Caribbean Sea?
+
+
+Q. Where are the West Indies?
+
+
+Q. Where are the Andes?
+
+
+Q. What three large Rivers in South America?
+
+
+Q. Name all the Countries of South America.
+
+
+Q. What three in the north?
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XLII.
+
+
+Q. What Isthmus joins North and South America?
+
+A. Isthmus of Darien.
+
+
+Q. What Islands north of South America?
+
+A. West Indies.
+
+
+Q. Which is the most southern Country of South America?
+
+A. Patagonia.
+
+
+[Illustration: Travellers, with their Mules, crossing a Stream.]
+
+
+Q. What Strait south of Patagonia?
+
+A. Strait of Magellan.
+
+
+Q. What is the southern Cape of South America?
+
+A. Cape Horn.
+
+
+Q. What two Oceans meet there?
+
+A. Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XLIII.
+
+SOUTH AMERICA.
+
+
+Q. For what is South America noted?
+
+A. For the largest rivers and longest mountain-chain in the world.
+
+
+Q. What can you say of the Andes Mountains?
+
+A. The tops of some are continually covered with ice and snow; while at
+the foot of the mountains, the heat is very great.
+
+
+[Illustration: Dangers in travelling over the Andes.]
+
+
+Q. What careful animal is used in crossing the Mountains?
+
+A. The Mule.
+
+
+Q. What if the mule should lose his foothold?
+
+A. Both mule and rider might fall and perish.
+
+
+Q. What take place in South America?
+
+A. Earthquakes.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF EUROPE.]
+
+
+LESSON XLIV.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean north of Europe?
+
+A. Arctic Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean west of Europe?
+
+A. Atlantic Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Sea south of Europe?
+
+A. Mediterranean Sea.
+
+
+Q. What is the Mediterranean Sea?
+
+A. The largest Sea in the world.
+
+
+Q. What Bay west of France?
+
+A. Bay of Biscay.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest country of Europe?
+
+A. Russia.
+
+
+Q. Which is the smallest?
+
+A. Switzerland.
+
+
+Q. What two Countries touch Russia on the southwest?
+
+A. Austria and Turkey.
+
+
+Q. What Country south of Turkey?
+
+A. Greece.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XLV.
+
+
+Q. What two Countries west of the North Sea?
+
+A. England and Scotland.
+
+
+Q. What Country west of England?
+
+A. Ireland.
+
+
+Q. What Country south of England?
+
+A. France.
+
+
+Q. What Country south of France?
+
+A. Spain.
+
+
+Q. What two Oceans touch Europe?
+
+
+Q. What five large Seas do you find on the map of Europe?
+
+
+Q. What four Rivers?
+
+
+Q. What Strait connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic?
+
+
+Q. What Cape in the north of Europe?
+
+
+Q. What Gulf east of Italy?
+
+
+Q. Where is the White Sea?
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XLVI.
+
+
+Q. What Sea north of Prussia?
+
+A. Baltic Sea.
+
+
+Q. What large Sea south of Russia?
+
+A. Black Sea.
+
+
+Q. What large River runs through Austria and Turkey?
+
+A. Danube River.
+
+
+[Illustration: Sleighing in Russia.]
+
+
+Q. What Mountains between France and Spain?
+
+A. Pyrenees Mountains.
+
+
+Q. What large Island west of Norway?
+
+A. Iceland.
+
+
+Q. What Island south of Italy?
+
+A. Sicily.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XLVII.
+
+EUROPE.
+
+
+Q. Which, are the most powerful Countries in Europe?
+
+A. Great Britain, France, and Russia.
+
+
+Q. What great General, a few years ago, led the most powerful army in
+the world?
+
+A. Napoleon Bonaparte.
+
+
+Q. Where was he finally overthrown?
+
+A. At the Battle of Waterloo, in the year 1815.
+
+
+Q. What brave man was a Swiss?
+
+A. William Tell.
+
+
+Q. What remarkable building in Italy?
+
+A. The Leaning Tower.
+
+
+[Illustration: Leaning Tower in Italy.]
+
+
+Q. What law in Prussia about attending school?
+
+A. Every boy and girl is obliged to attend school regularly.
+
+
+Q. What can you say of the northern part of Europe?
+
+A. It is so cold, that there is good sleighing all the year.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF ASIA.]
+
+
+LESSON XLVIII
+
+
+Q. What can you say of the size of Asia?
+
+A. It is the largest Grand Division of the Earth.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean north of Asia?
+
+A. Arctic Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean east?
+
+A. Pacific Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean south?
+
+A. Indian Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Sea south of Asia?
+
+A. Arabian Sea.
+
+
+Q. What Bay south of Asia?
+
+A. Bay of Bengal.
+
+
+Q. What four Seas east of Asia?
+
+A. China, Yellow, Japan and Ochotsk.
+
+
+Q. What Sea between Arabia and Africa?
+
+A. Red Sea
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XLIX.
+
+
+Q. What Division of the Earth is west of Asia?
+
+A. Europe.
+
+
+Q. What Division southwest?
+
+A. Africa.
+
+
+Q. What large Country in the northern part of Asia?
+
+A. Siberia.
+
+
+Q. What Empire in the east?
+
+A. Chinese Empire.
+
+
+Q. What three Oceans touch Asia?
+
+
+Q. What two Seas between Asia and Europe?
+
+
+Q. What Sea between Asia and Africa
+
+
+Q. What two countries of Asia are furthest north?
+
+
+Q. Between what two Countries is the Persian Gulf?
+
+
+Q. What Cape in the north of Asia?
+
+
+
+
+LESSON L.
+
+
+Q. What country in the southeastern part of the Chinese Empire?
+
+A. China.
+
+
+Q. What Country between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal?
+
+A. Hindoostan.
+
+
+Q. What Country in Asia is furthest southwest?
+
+A. Arabia.
+
+
+[Illustration: The Great Wall of China.]
+
+
+Q. What Mountains between Asia and Europe?
+
+A. Ural Mountains.
+
+
+Q. What large Island south of China Sea?
+
+A. Borneo.
+
+
+Q. What large Island southeast of Borneo?
+
+A. Australia.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON LI.
+
+ASIA.
+
+
+Q. What Division of the Earth was first inhabited?
+
+A. Asia.
+
+
+Q. Who first lived in Asia?
+
+A. Adam and Eve.
+
+
+Q. What is the color of the Asiatics?
+
+A. Yellow.
+
+
+[Illustration: Camels in a Desert.]
+
+
+Q. What do many worship?
+
+A. Idols.
+
+
+Q. For what purpose did the Chinese build the Great Wall?
+
+A. To defend themselves from their enemies.
+
+
+Q. What animal is very useful in crossing the Deserts?
+
+A. The Camel.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF AFRICA.]
+
+
+Lesson LII.
+
+
+Q. What Division of land is Africa?
+
+A. A Peninsula.
+
+
+Q. Between what two Oceans is Africa?
+
+A. Atlantic and Indian.
+
+
+Q. What Division of the Earth north of Africa 2
+
+A. Europe.
+
+
+Q. What Sea north of Africa?
+
+A. Mediterranean Sea.
+
+
+Q. What Division of the Earth northeast of Africa?
+
+A. Asia.
+
+
+Q. What Sea east of Africa?
+
+A. Red Sea.
+
+
+Q. What Gulf west of Africa?
+
+A. Gulf of Guinea.
+
+
+Q. What large Island southeast of Africa?
+
+A. Madagascar.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON LIII.
+
+
+Q. What Country in the northeastern part of Africa?
+
+A. Egypt.
+
+
+Q. What Country south of Egypt?
+
+A. Nubia.
+
+
+Q. What Country south of Nubia?
+
+A. Abyssinia.
+
+
+Q. Which are the largest two Rivers in Africa?
+
+A. Nile and Niger
+
+
+Q. With what Ocean is the Mediterranean Sea connected?
+
+
+Q. With what Ocean is the Red Sea connected?
+
+
+Q. What three Countries of Africa touch the Red Sea?
+
+
+Q. What large River flows into the Mediterranean Sea?
+
+
+Q. What large River flows into the Gulf of Guinea?
+
+
+Q. On which side of Africa is Guinea?
+
+
+
+
+LESSON LIV.
+
+
+Q. What Desert in the northern part of Africa?
+
+A. Sahara, or Great Desert.
+
+
+Q. What Mountains in the centre?
+
+A. Mountains of the Moon.
+
+
+Q. What Isthmus joins Africa with Asia?
+
+A. Isthmus of Suez.
+
+
+[Illustration: A Traveller attacked by a Crocodile.]
+
+
+Q. What Country in Europe is nearest Africa?
+
+A. Spain.
+
+
+Q. What Strait between Africa and Spain?
+
+A. Strait of Gibraltar.
+
+
+Q. What Cape in the southern part of Africa?
+
+A. Cape of Good Hope.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON LV.
+
+
+Q. What is Africa?
+
+A. The warmest Division of the Earth.
+
+
+Q. What animals are found in Africa?
+
+A. Elephants, Lions, and Leopards.
+
+
+Q. What dangerous reptiles in Africa?
+
+A. Serpents and Crocodiles.
+
+
+[Illustration: A Sand Storm in the Desert.]
+
+
+Q. What is a great part of Africa?
+
+A. A Desert, or vast Sandy Plain.
+
+
+Q. How do men cross the Desert?
+
+A. In large companies, called Caravans.
+
+
+Q. What storms sometimes overtake Caravans?
+
+A. Storms of scorching sand, raised by the wind.
+
+
+
+
+RECAPITULATION.
+
+
+OCEANS.
+
+  Where is?
+
+  Pacific Ocean       West of America.
+
+  Atlantic Ocean      East of America.
+
+  Northern Ocean      North of North America.
+
+  Southern Ocean      South of South America.
+
+  Indian Ocean        South of Asia.
+
+
+RIVERS.
+
+  Where is?
+
+  Amazon              In the northern part of S. America.
+
+  Mississippi         In the United States.
+
+  Missouri            In the United States.
+
+  Ohio                In the United States.
+
+  Arkansas            In the United States.
+
+  Connecticut         In the United States.
+
+  Hudson              In the Eastern States.
+
+  Susquehanna         Runs through Pennsylvania.
+
+  Delaware            Between Pennsylvania and Delaware.
+
+  Volga               In Russia.
+
+  Danube              Runs through Austria and Turkey.
+
+  Nile                In the northeastern part of Africa.
+
+
+SEAS
+
+  Where is?
+
+  Mediterranean Sea   Between Europe and Africa.
+
+  Black and Caspian   Between Europe and Asia.
+
+  North Sea           West of Europe.
+
+  Baltic Sea          West of Russia.
+
+  Caribbean Sea       North of South America.
+
+  Arabian Sea         South of Asia.
+
+  China Sea           South of China.
+
+  Red Sea             Between Africa and Asia.
+
+
+GULFS AND BAYS
+
+  Where is?
+
+  Baffin's Bay        West of Greenland.
+
+  Hudson's Bay        In British America.
+
+  Gulf of Mexico      South of the United States.
+
+  Bay of Biscay       West of France.
+
+  Gulf of Guinea      West of Africa.
+
+  Chesapeake Bay      In Maryland.
+
+  Delaware Bay        Between New Jersey and Delaware.
+
+
+LAKES
+
+  Where is?
+
+  Lake Superior      North of the United States.
+
+  Lake Michigan      In the northern part of the United States.
+
+  Lake Erie          North of the United States.
+
+  Lake Ontario       North of the United States.
+
+
+MOUNTAINS.
+
+  Where are?
+
+  Rocky              In the western part of N. America.
+
+  Andes              In the western part of S. America.
+
+  Alleghany          In the eastern part of the United States.
+
+  Green              In Vermont.
+
+  White              In New Hampshire.
+
+  Ural               Between Europe and Asia.
+
+  Alps               North of Italy.
+
+  Pyrenees           Between France and Spain.
+
+
+ISLANDS.
+
+  Where is?
+
+  Australia          Southeast of Asia.
+
+  Iceland            East of Greenland.
+
+  Cuba               South of the United States.
+
+  Madagascar         Southeast of Africa.
+
+  Nova Zembla        North of Russia.
+
+  Sicily             South of Italy.
+
+
+
+
+NATIONAL SERIES OF STANDARD SCHOOL BOOKS,
+
+PUBLISHED BY A.S. BARNES & CO.,
+
+51 JOHN-STREET, NEW YORK.
+
+
+R.G. PARKER'S SCHOOL READERS.
+
+PARKER'S First--Second--Third--Fourth, and Rhetorical Header.
+
+
+ORTHOGRAPHY, GRAMMAR, ETC.
+
+PRICE'S Spelling Book--WRIGHT'S Analytical Orthography--MARTIN'S
+Orthoepist--NORTHEND'S Dictation Exercises--CLARK'S Analysis--CLARK'S
+English Grammar and Etymological Chart--WELCH'S English Sentence--DAY'S
+Art of Rhetoric.
+
+
+ELOCUTIONARY WORKS.
+
+NORTHEND'S Little Speaker--American Speaker--School Dialogues--ZACHIOS'
+New American Speaker--PARKER's and ZACHOS' Introductory Lessons.
+
+
+WILLARD'S SERIES OF HISTORIES.
+
+WILLARD'S History of the United States--Universal History--Historic
+Guide--Temple of Time.
+
+
+NATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL SERIES.
+
+MONTEITH'S First Lessons in Geography. MONTEITH'S Youth's Manual of
+Geography. McNALLY's System of School Geography.
+
+
+DAVIES' SYSTEM OF MATHEMATICS.
+
+Table-Book and Primary Arithmetic--Intellectual Arithmetic--School
+Arith.--University Arithmetic--Elementary Algebra---Elementary
+Geometry--Practical Mathematics--BOURDON'S Algebra--LEGENDRE'S
+Geom.--Surveying--Analytical Geom.--Calculus--Des. Geom.--Shades,
+Shadows, &c.
+
+
+SCHOOL AND COLLEGE PHILOSOPHIES.
+
+PARKER'S Juvenile Philosophy, Parts 1 & 2--PARKER'S School
+Compendium--BARTLETT'S Mechanics--Optics--Astronomy.--Bartlett's
+Analytical Mechanics.
+
+
+INTELLECTUAL PHILOSOPHY AND MYTHOLOGY.
+
+MAHAN'S Intellectual Philosophy--DWIGHT'S Grecian and Roman Mythology.
+
+
+NATURAL SCIENCES, ETC.
+
+CHAMBERS' Introduction to the Sciences--Treasury of Knowledge--CLARK'S
+Drawing--REID and BAIN'S Chemistry--HAMILTON'S Physiology--CHAMBERS'
+Zoology--PAGE'S Geology--McINTYRE on the Globes--GILLESPIE on
+Road-making--GREGORY'S Chemistry--CHURCH'S Calcalus--CHURCH'S Anal.
+Geom.--COURTENAY'S Calculus--HACKLEY'S Trigonometry--Manual of Fine
+Arts--LARDNER on the Steam Engine.
+
+
+PENMANSHIP AND BOOK-KEEPING.
+
+FULTON & EASTMAN'S System, with the Chirographic Charts.
+
+
+MUSIC FOR SCHOOLS.
+
+KINGSLEY'S Juvenile Choir--Kingsley's Young Ladies' Harp--SHERWOOD'S
+School Song and Hymn Book--Sabbath-School Gems--Christian Melodies.
+
+
+BROOKS' CLASSICS.
+
+Latin Lessons--Greek Lessons--Collectanea Evangelica--Ovid.
+
+
+THE ENGLISH POETS, WITH BOYD'S NOTES.
+
+MILTON'S Paradise Lost--POLLOK'S Course of Time--YOUNG'S Night
+Thoughts--THOMSON'S Seasons--COWPER'S Task, Conversation, &c.
+
+
+LIBRARY OF REFERENCE FOR TEACHERS.
+
+PAGE'S Theory and Practice of Teaching--NORTHEND'S Teacher and
+Parent--MANSFIELD on American Education--DE TOCQUEVILLE'S American
+Institutions--DAVIES' Logic and Utility of Mathematics--WATTS on
+the Improvement of the Mind--Cyclopedia of Geography--Cyclopedia of
+Chronology--Cyclopedia of Biography--Cyclopedia of Useful
+Arts--Cyclopedia of Literature and Fine Arts--Cyclopedia of Europe.
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11722 ***
diff --git a/11722-h/11722-h.htm b/11722-h/11722-h.htm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da33894
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/11722-h.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,3050 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of First Lessons In Geography, by James Monteith</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+  <!--
+  * {font-family: "Palatino Linotype", "Times New Roman", serif; background: FCFEFC;
+     text-align: center; line-height: 1.4; text-indent: 0em;}
+  table { text-align: left;
+          background: #ccccff; }
+  p {font-size: 14pt; text-align: left; width: 565px;}
+  p.sig1 {text-align: right;}
+  p.sig2 {font-family: "Comic Sans MS", cursive; font-style: italic; text-align: right; font-size: 18pt;}
+  p.img {text-align: center;}
+  p.title1 {font-size: 44pt; font-weight: 900; text-align: center; letter-spacing: .2em;}
+  p.title2 {font-size: 24pt; font-weight: 900; text-align: center; letter-spacing: .2em;}
+  p.title3 {font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 900; text-align: center; letter-spacing: .2em;}
+  p.title4 {font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 900; text-align: center; letter-spacing: .2em;}
+  p.title5 {font-size: 8pt; font-weight: 900; text-align: center; letter-spacing: .2em;}
+  p.chapter-head {font-size: 20pt; font-weight: 900; text-align: center; word-spacing: .2em;}
+  p.chapter-sub {font-size: 16pt; font-weight: 900; text-align: center;}
+  p.chapter-sub2 {font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 900; text-align: center;}
+  p.ques {font-size: 14pt;}
+  p.ans {font-size: 16pt;}
+  p.appendix  {font-size: 12pt;}
+  div {font-size: 14pt; text-align: left; width: 50%;}
+  div.leftcol {text-align: left; position: relative; display: inline; float: left;}
+  div.rightcol {position: relative; display: inline; float: right;}
+  div.img {text-align: center;}
+  UL {text-align: center;}
+  LI {font-size: 13pt; line-height: 2.0; font-variant: small-caps; list-style: none;}
+  LI.toc-left {text-align: right;}
+  LI.toc-right {text-align: left;}
+  img {text-align: center;}
+  span.i {font-style: italic; font-weight: 600;}
+  span.center {text-align: center;}
+  span.sc {font-variant: small-caps;}
+  span.unbold {font-weight: 500;}
+  span.small {font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: .1em;}
+  H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 {text-align: center;}
+  HR.exlarge {width: 80%}
+  HR.large {width: 565px;}
+  HR.medium {width: 400px;}
+  HR.small {width: 150px;}
+  HR.exsmall {width: 50px;}
+  hr.full { width: 100%;
+            size: 5; }
+  a:link {color: rgb(0,0,153); text-decoration:none;}
+  a:visited {color: rgb(0,0,153); text-decoration:none;}
+  a:hover {color: rgb(0,153,0); text-decoration:none;}
+  pre		{ font-size:10pt;
+              text-align: left; }
+  // -->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11722 ***</div>
+<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, First Lessons In Geography, by James Monteith</h1>
+</pre><br>
+<br>
+<center><b>E-text prepared by Justin Gillbank<br>
+           and Project Gutenberg Distributed Proofreaders<br>
+           from images provided by Internet Archive Children's Library<br>
+           and University of Florida</b></center>
+<br>
+<br>
+<table border=0 bgcolor="#ccccff" cellpadding=10>
+  <tr>
+    <td valign="top">
+      Note:
+    </td>
+    <td align="left">
+          Images of the original pages are available through the Florida
+	      Board of Education, Division of Colleges and Universities,
+	      PALMM Project, 2001. (Preservation and Access for American and
+	      British Children's Literature, 1850-1869.) See<br>
+	      <a href="http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/dl/UF00000411.jpg">
+	      http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/dl/UF00000411.jpg</a>
+	      <br>
+	      or<br>
+	      <a href="http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/dl/UF00000411.pdf">
+	      http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/dl/UF00000411.pdf</a>
+	</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<hr class="full" noshade>
+<br>
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="381" height="147" src="images/flig01.png" id="flig01.png"
+ title='First Lessons in Geography.'
+ alt="Title."></div>
+
+<div class="img"><img width="418" height="429" src="images/flig02.png" id="flig02.png"
+ title='Europe. Asia. Africa. America.'
+ alt="A teacher and three girls studying maps and a globe."></div>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+
+<p class="title3">NATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL SERIES.&mdash;NO. 1.</p>
+
+<p class="title2">FIRST LESSONS</p>
+
+<p class="title4">IN</p>
+
+<p class="title1">GEOGRAPHY<span class="unbold">;</span></p>
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="351" height="268" src="images/flig03.png" id="flig03.png"
+ title='Title page.'
+ alt="A young man on his way to school."></div>
+
+
+<p class="title5">OR,</p>
+
+<p class="title4">INTRODUCTION TO "YOUTH'S MANUAL OF GEOGRAPHY."</p>
+
+<p class="title3">By JAMES MONTEITH.</p>
+
+<p class="title3">1856.</p>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+
+<p class="chapter-head">NATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL SERIES.</p>
+
+
+<p>No. 1.&mdash;MONTEITH'S FIRST LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY, for Beginners.</p>
+
+<p>No. 2.&mdash;MONTEITH'S YOUTH'S MANUAL OF GEOGRAPHY, for Junior
+and Intermediate Classes.</p>
+
+<p>No. 3.&mdash;McNALLY'S SYSTEM OF GEOGRAPHY, for Advanced Classes in
+Schools, Academies, and Seminaries.</p>
+
+<HR class="exsmall">
+
+<p>The above Books, which are written by Practical Teachers, constitute the
+most complete <span class="sc">Geographical School Series</span> extant; and
+they are so adapted to each other, that the learner advances from one to the
+other with satisfaction and success.</p>
+
+<p class="sig1">A.S. BARNES &amp; CO.</p>
+
+<HR class="exsmall">
+
+<p>Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1854,
+<span class="sc">By</span> JAMES MONTEITH, In the Clerk's Office
+of the District Court of the United States for the
+Southern District of New York.</p>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+
+<p class="chapter-head">PREFACE.</p>
+
+<p>It is evident, that to secure a complete system of teaching Geography in
+our Schools, there should be at least three grades of Text-books; namely,
+<span class="sc">Introductory</span>, <span class="sc">Intermediate</span>,
+and <span class="sc">Advanced</span>. As the necessity for a Geography
+more introductory in its character than those now in use has been
+long felt, the Author would respectfully solicit the notice of his
+fellow-teachers to this little work.</p>
+
+<p>Its plan is such, that the subject is presented in the most simple form.</p>
+
+<p>It treats of <span class="sc">General Features</span>, such as the locality
+and description of Continents, Countries, States, Rivers, Mountains, &amp;c.,
+without dwelling prematurely upon the minute details that embarrass the learner
+in his first effort.</p>
+
+<p>The <span class="sc">Exercises</span> are arranged in Question and Answer.</p>
+
+<p>The <span class="sc">Maps</span> are free from all meridians, parallels of
+latitude, and any superabundance of names; thereby giving a greater prominence
+to the general divisions of land and water.</p>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+
+<p class="chapter-head">CONTENTS.</p>
+
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">DEFINITIONS</p>
+
+
+<div class="leftcol">
+<UL>
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#flig12.jpg">Map of the Western Hemisphere</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#flig13.jpg">Map of the Eastern Hemisphere</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#flig14.jpg">Map of North America</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#flig17.jpg">Map of the United States</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#flig20.jpg">Map of the Eastern States</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#flig23.jpg">Map of the Middle States</a>
+</UL>
+</div>
+
+<div class="rightcol">
+<UL>
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#flig26.jpg">Map of the Southern States</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#flig29.jpg">Map of the Western States</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#flig32.jpg">Map of South America</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#flig35.jpg">Map of Europe</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#flig38.jpg">Map of Asia</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#flig41.jpg">Map of Africa</a>
+</UL>
+</div>
+
+<div class="img">
+<img width="534" height="360" src="images/flig04.png" id="flig04.png"
+ title='Excelsior.'
+ alt="An explorer with a banner hiking up a mountain.">
+</div>
+<br>
+
+<div class="leftcol">
+<UL>
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#LESSON_XV">History of North America</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#LESSON_XIX">History of the United States</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#LESSON_XXVII">History of the Eastern States</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#LESSON_XXXI">History of the Middle States</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#LESSON_XXXV">History of the Southern States</a>
+</UL>
+</div>
+
+<div class="rightcol">
+<UL>
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#LESSON_XXXIX">History of the Western States</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#LESSON_XLIII">History of South America</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#LESSON_XLVII">History of Europe</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#LESSON_LI">History of Asia</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#LESSON_LII">History of Africa</a>
+</UL>
+</div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+
+<p class="title2">FIRST LESSONS</p>
+<p class="title4">IN</p>
+<p class="title1">GEOGRAPHY.</p>
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="372" height="296" src="images/flig05.png" id="flig05.png"
+ title='Going to School.'
+ alt="A young man on his way to school."></div>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON I.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is Geography?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A description of the Earth's surface.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is the Earth?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The planet or body on which we live.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is the shape of the Earth?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Round, like a ball.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Of what is the Earth composed?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Land and Water.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON II.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Continent?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The largest division of the land.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How many Continents are there?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Two; the Eastern and the Western.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. On which Continent do we live?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. On the Western Continent.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What are the divisions of the Western Continent?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. North America and South America.</p>
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="355" height="223" src="images/flig06.png" id="flig06.png"
+ title='Map of the World.'
+ alt="Projection map Western and Eastern Hemispheres."></div>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What are the divisions of the Eastern Continent?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Europe, Asia, and Africa.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is an Ocean?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The largest division of the water.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How many Oceans are there?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Five; Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern or Antarctic, Northern or
+Arctic.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON III.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest Ocean?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The Pacific Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is an Island?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A portion of land <span class="i">entirely</span> surrounded by water.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Peninsula?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A portion of land <span class="i">almost</span> surrounded by water.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="279" height="341" src="images/flig07.png" id="flig07.png"
+ title='The Earth.'
+ alt="A globe flying through clouds."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Lake?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A body of water almost surrounded by land.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is an Isthmus?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A neck joining two larger portions of land.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Strait?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A passage connecting two larger bodies of water.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON IV.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Cape?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A point of land extending into the water.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Mountain?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A vast elevation of land.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Hill?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A small elevation of land.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="251" height="226" src="images/flig08.png" id="flig08.png"
+ title='Studying Geography.'
+ alt="A mother sitting with her two girls."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Volcano?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A mountain which sends out fire, smoke, and lava.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Valley?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The low land between hills or mountains.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Plain?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A level tract of land.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Desert?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A barren region of country.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON V.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Sea?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The division of water, the next in size to an ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Gulf or Bay?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A body of water extending into the land.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a River?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A stream of water flowing through the land.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="411" height="317" src="images/flig09.png" id="flig09.png"
+ title='A River. A Windmill.'
+ alt="A boy waving to a sailboat on a river with a windmill in the distance."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. By what are Rivers formed?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. By Springs.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Spring?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Water flowing from the ground.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What are Small Streams called?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Brooks and Creeks.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON VI.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Who governs an Empire?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. An Emperor.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Who governs a Kingdom?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A King or a Queen.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Who governs a Republic?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Men elected by the People.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="366" height="292" src="images/flig10.png" id="flig10.png"
+ title='A Caravan crossing a Desert.'
+ alt="Armed men on camels and on foot."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest Empire in the world?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Russia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest Kingdom in the world?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Great Britain.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest Republic in the world?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The United States.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON VII.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="430" height="286" src="images/flig11.png" id="flig11.png"
+ title='Map for questions in lesson.'
+ alt="A three by three quadrant map with 'CENTRE' surrounded by eight compass directions."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Map?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A picture of the whole, or a part, of the Earth's Surface.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What are the directions on a Map?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Toward the top, North; toward the bottom, South; to the right, East; to
+the left, West.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. In what direction from the centre of the picture is the Island?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. North.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. In what direction is the Volcano? The Cape?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. The Bay? The Lake? The Strait? The Mountains?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. The Isthmus?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is in the East? In the West? In the South? In the North? In the
+Northwest? In the Southeast? In the Northeast? In the Southwest?</p>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="561" height="583" src="images/flig12.jpg" id="flig12.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE.'
+ alt="Projection map of the Western Hemisphere."></div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON VIII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. In what Division of the Earth do we live?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. In North America.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division south of North America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. South America.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. When you look at the rising Sun, what Ocean is before you?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Atlantic Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where does the Sun rise?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. In the East.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where, then, is the Atlantic Ocean?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. East of America.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. When you look at the setting Sun, what Ocean is before you?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Pacific Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where does the Sun set?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. In the West.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the Pacific Ocean?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. West of America.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean north of America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Northern Ocean.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON IX.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean south of America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Southern Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Isthmus joins South America to North America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Isthmus of Darien.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the most northern Country of North America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Greenland.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Bay west of Greenland?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Baffin's Bay</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Do you live in North America or in South America?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean east of America?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean west of America?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the Northern Ocean?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the Southern Ocean?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. In what Ocean are the Sandwich Islands?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. In what Ocean are the Cape Verd Islands?</p>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="559" height="583" src="images/flig13.jpg" id="flig13.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF THE EASTERN HEMISPHERE.'
+ alt="Project map of the Eastern Hemisphere."></div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON X.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What are the Divisions of the Eastern Continent?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Europe, Asia, and Africa.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Asia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the smallest?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Europe.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is furthest to the right, or east?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Asia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is furthest south?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Africa.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean east of Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Pacific Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean south of Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Indian Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean west of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Atlantic Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Sea south of Europe?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Mediterranean Sea.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XI</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Sea east of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Red Sea.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Cape in the south of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Cape of Good Hope.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division of the Earth is composed of Islands?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Oceanica.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest Island in the World?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Australia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Oceans do you find on the Eastern Hemisphere?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division west of Asia?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division south of Europe?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Between what Divisions is the Mediterranean Sea?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Between what is the Red Sea?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the Cape of Good Hope?</p>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="528" height="731" src="images/flig14.jpg" id="flig14.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF NORTH AMERICA.'
+ alt="Flat map of North America."></div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What three Oceans around North America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country furthest north?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Greenland.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country furthest south?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Central America.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. In what Country do we live?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. In the United States.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country north of the United States?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. British America.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country south of the United States?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Mexico.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country in the northwest?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Russian America.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Peninsula in the south?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Yucatan.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XIII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Between what two Oceans is the United States?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Atlantic and Pacific.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Bay west of Greenland?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Baffin's Bay.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Bay in British America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Hudson's Bay.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Sea southeast of North America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Caribbéan Sea.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which are the largest two Countries of North America?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Between what two Countries is the United States?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. In what Country is Hudson's Bay?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Between what two Countries is Baffin's Bay?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Island southeast of the United States?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Cape Farewell?</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XIV.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Gulf south of the United States?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Gulf of Mexico.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the Gulf of Mexico?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. South of the United States.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two great Rivers in the United States?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Mississippi and Missouri.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="383" height="326" src="images/flig15.png" id="flig15.png"
+ title='Icebergs near Greenland.'
+ alt="Two ships sailing around large icebergs."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Mountains in the western part of N. America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Rocky Mountains.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where are the Rocky Mountains?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. In the western part of N. America</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Island east of Greenland?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Iceland.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Iceland?</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head" id="LESSON_XV">LESSON XV.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">NORTH AMERICA.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. By whom was America discovered?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. By Columbus; about 360 years ago.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What kind of People did he find here?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Dark-colored Savages.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What did Columbus name them?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Indians.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="358" height="285" src="images/flig16.png" id="flig16.png"
+ title='Columbus discovering America.'
+ alt="A landing party arriving at shore with natives looking on."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. After whom was America named?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A man named Americus.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What can you say of the Northern part of N. America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. It is very cold.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What of the Southern part of N. America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. It is very warm.</p>
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="565" height="354" src="images/flig17.jpg" id="flig17.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF THE UNITED STATES.'
+ alt="Flat map of the United States."></div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XVI.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How many States are there? 31.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How are they divided?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Into Eastern, Middle, Western, and Southern States.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest State?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Texas.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the smallest State?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Rhode Island.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What State on the Pacific?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. California.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What State in the north, almost surrounded by Lakes?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Michigan.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest of these Lakes?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Lake Superior.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Lake east of Michigan?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Lake Huron.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Lake west of Michigan?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Lake Michigan.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River west of Texas?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Rio Grande.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XVII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large River flows south into the Gulf of Mexico?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Mississippi River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Rivers flow into the Mississippi?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Missouri, Ohio, Arkansas, and Red.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River between Texas and Mexico?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Rio Grande.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean east of the United States?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean west?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country south?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Gulf south?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. In what State do you live?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What States touch your State?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Lake Superior?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Lake in Utah?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Into what does the Ohio flow?</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XVIII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which State is furthest northeast?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Maine.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Maine?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. In the northeastern part of the United States.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which State is furthest south?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Florida.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="351" height="253" src="images/flig18.png" id="flig18.png"
+ title='Locomotive. Telegraph. Steamship.'
+ alt="A railroad and a telegraph line running along the shore with ships in the bay."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Between what Ocean and Gulf is Florida?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What State is furthest west?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. California.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is California?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What States touch the Mississippi River?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What States touch the Gulf of Mexico?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How many Territories are there?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Eight.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest Territory?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Nebraska.</p>
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head" id="LESSON_XIX">LESSON XIX.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">THE UNITED STATES.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What are the people of the United States called?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Americans.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Who governed this Country about 80 years ago?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The King of England.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How did the Americans obtain their freedom?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. By a war which lasted nearly eight years.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="363" height="291" src="images/flig19.png" id="flig19.png"
+ title='Settlers attacked by Indians.'
+ alt="A battle in front of a cabin."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What great man led the American army?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. George Washington, who became the first President.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How has this Country increased?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. From 13 to 31 States.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What troubles had the settlers of this Country?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Many were murdered by the Indians.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XX.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">CAPITALS.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub2">CAPITAL OF THE UNITED STATES,</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Washington</span>, &nbsp;
+<span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp;<span class="i">Potomac River</span>.</p>
+
+
+<p class="chapter-sub2">EASTERN STATES.</p>
+
+<p><span class="small">&nbsp; States. &nbsp; Capitals. &nbsp; Situation.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Maine</span>, &nbsp;
+ Augusta, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Kennebec</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">New Hampshire</span>, &nbsp;
+ Concord, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Merrimac</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Vermont</span>, &nbsp;
+ Montpelier, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Onion</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Massachusetts</span>, &nbsp;
+ Boston, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Boston Harbor</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Rhode Island</span>, &nbsp;
+ Providence, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Providence Bay</span>.<br>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Newport,
+ &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Rhode Island</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Connecticut</span>,* &nbsp;
+ Hartford, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Connecticut</span>.<br>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; New Haven,
+ &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">New Haven Bay</span>.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp; * <span class="i">kon-net'e-kut</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXI.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub2">MIDDLE STATES.</p>
+
+<p><span class="small">&nbsp; States. &nbsp; Capitals. &nbsp; Situation.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">New York</span>, &nbsp;
+ Albany, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Hudson</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">New Jersey</span>, &nbsp;
+ Trenton, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Delaware</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Pennsylvania</span>, &nbsp;
+ Harrisburg, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Susquehanna</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Delaware</span>, &nbsp;
+ Dover, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Jones' Creek</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXII.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub2">SOUTHERN STATES.</p>
+
+<p><span class="small">&nbsp; States. &nbsp; Capitals. &nbsp; Situation.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Maryland</span>, &nbsp;
+ Annapolis, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Severn</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Virginia</span>, &nbsp;
+ Richmond, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">James</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">North Carolina</span>, &nbsp;
+ Raleigh, &nbsp; <span class="small">near the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Neuse</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">South Carolina</span>, &nbsp;
+ Columbia, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Congaree</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Georgia</span>, &nbsp;
+ Milledgeville, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Oconee</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Florida</span>, &nbsp;
+ Tallahassee, &nbsp; <span class="i">Inland</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Alabama</span>, &nbsp;
+ Montgomery, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Alabama</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Mississippi</span>, &nbsp;
+ Jackson, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Pearl</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Louisiana</span>, &nbsp;
+ Baton Rouge,* &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Mississippi</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Texas</span>, &nbsp;
+ Austin, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Colorado</span>.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp; * <span class="i">bat' on-roozh</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXIII.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub2">WESTERN STATES.</p>
+
+<p><span class="small">&nbsp; States. &nbsp; Capitals. &nbsp; Situation.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Arkansas</span>, &nbsp;
+ Little Rock, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Arkansas</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Tennessee</span>, &nbsp;
+ Nashville, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Cumberland</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Kentucky</span>, &nbsp;
+ Frankfort, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Kentucky</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Ohio</span>, &nbsp;
+ Columbus, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Sciota</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Michigan</span>, &nbsp;
+ Lansing, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Grand</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Indiana</span>, &nbsp;
+ Indianapolis, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">West Fork of the White</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Illinois</span>, (<span class="i">oy</span>) &nbsp;
+ Springfield, &nbsp; <span class="small">near the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Sangamon</span>.*</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Wisconsin</span>, &nbsp;
+ Madison, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Fourth Lake</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Iowa</span>, &nbsp;
+ Iowa City, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Iowa</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Missouri</span>, &nbsp;
+ Jefferson City, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Missouri</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">California</span>, &nbsp;
+ Sacramento, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Sacramento</span>.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp; * <span class="i">sang'ga-mon.</span></p>
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="522" height="730" src="images/flig20.jpg" id="flig20.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF THE EASTERN STATES.'
+ alt="Flat map of the Eastern United States."></div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXIV.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How many Eastern States are there?      A. <span class="i">Six</span>.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two States north of Massachusetts?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. New Hampshire and Vermont.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two States south of Massachusetts?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Connecticut and Rhode Island.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What State west?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. New York.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large River between Vermont and New Hampshire?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Connecticut River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Through what States does it flow?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Massachusetts and Connecticut.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Rivers in Maine?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Kennebec and Penobscot.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River in New Hampshire?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Merrimac River.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXV.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Through what other State does the Merrimac flow?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Massachusetts.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Mountains in Vermont?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Green Mountains.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where are the White Mountains?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. In New Hampshire.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Sound south of Connecticut?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Long Island Sound</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Name the Eastern States.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the smallest?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where are the Green Mountains?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large River flows into Long Island Sound?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Cape in the eastern part of Massachusetts?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What three Rivers flow into the Atlantic Ocean?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Describe the Connecticut River.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXVI.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country north of the Eastern States?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Canada.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What State west?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. New York.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Island south of Connecticut?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Long Island.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="372" height="279" src="images/flig21.png" id="flig21.png"
+ title='Canal. Factories. Cattle.'
+ alt="Factories in the backgroud with boats in a canal center; Cattle in the foreground."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Long Island?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. South of Connecticut.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Lake between Vermont and New York?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Lake Champlain.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Lake Champlain?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Between Vermont and New York.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head" id="LESSON_XXVII">LESSON XXVII.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">EASTERN STATES.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What are these six States together called?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. New England.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Who first came to New England?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. People from England, called Puritans.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. For what are some of these States noted?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. For Woolen and Cotton Manufactures.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="369" height="302" src="images/flig22.png" id="flig22.png"
+ title='Lumber of Maine.'
+ alt="Oxen pulling a wagon full of lumber with their two handlers."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is obtained from Maine?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Lumber.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. For what animals is Vermont noted?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. For Sheep.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest City in New England?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Boston.</p>
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="542" height="764" src="images/flig23.jpg" id="flig23.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF THE MIDDLE STATES.'
+ alt="Flat map of the Middle United States."></div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXVIII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How many Middle States are there?
+
+<p class="ans">A. Four.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. New York.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is next in size?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Pennsylvania.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the next?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. New Jersey.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the smallest?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Delaware.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country north of New York?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Canada.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two Lakes on the west?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Ontario and Erie.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two large Rivers in the eastern part of New York?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Hudson and Mohawk.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large River in the western part of New York?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Genesee River.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXIX.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large River flows through Pennsylvania?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Susquehanna River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large River flows northeast from Lake Ontario?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. St. Lawrence River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Mountains in New York?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Catskill and Highlands.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large City in New York?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. New York.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Name the Middle States.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What States south of New York?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What States east of New York?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Lake Erie?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Lake Ontario?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the Hudson River?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the St. Lawrence?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Into what Lake does the Genesee River flow?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Lake northeast of New York?</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXX.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River between Pennsylvania and New Jersey?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Delaware River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the Delaware River?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Between Pennsylvania and New Jersey.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Bay between New Jersey and Delaware?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Delaware Bay.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="389" height="324" src="images/flig24.png" id="flig24.png"
+ title='Train of cars in full speed.'
+ alt="A long train moving through a canyon."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the Delaware Bay?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Between New Jersey and Delaware.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Bay in Maryland?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Chesapeake Bay.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Mountains in Pennsylvania?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Alleghany and Blue Ridge.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head" id="LESSON_XXXI">LESSON XXXI.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">THE MIDDLE STATES.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. For what are the Middle States noted?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. For Canals and Railroads.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Waterfall between Lakes Erie and Ontario?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Niagara Falls.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What do we get from Pennsylvania?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Coal and Iron.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="337" height="289" src="images/flig25.png" id="flig25.png"
+ title='Coal Mines.'
+ alt="A low valley with a mining operation in the foreground."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What does the word Pennsylvania mean?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Penn's Woods.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Who was William Penn?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A Quaker from England, who was good and just to the Indians.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest City in Pennsylvania?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Philadelphia.</p>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="533" height="754" src="images/flig26.jpg" id="flig26.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF THE SOUTHERN STATES.'
+ alt="Flat map of the Southern United States."></div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXXII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How many Southern States are there?
+
+<p class="ans">A. Ten.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Texas.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is furthest south?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Florida.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What division of land is Florida?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A Peninsula.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Island south of Florida?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Cuba.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What States north of Florida?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Georgia and Alabama.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River touches Virginia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Ohio River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River flows through the northern part of Alabama?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Tennessee River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Into what River does the Tennessee flow?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Into the Ohio River.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXXIII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What State east of Maryland?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Delaware.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What State west of North Carolina?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Tennessee.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River between South Carolina and Georgia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Savannah River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Into what does it flow?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Into the Atlantic Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Name the Southern States.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Name the States that touch the Atlantic Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Name the States that touch the Gulf of Mexico.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two Southern States touch the Mississippi River?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Between what Ocean and Gulf is Florida?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Cape Sable?</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXXIV.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Mountains in the Southern States?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Cumberland, Alleghany, and Blue Ridge.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Island south of Florida?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Cuba.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Cuba?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. South of Florida.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="368" height="276" src="images/flig27.png" id="flig27.png"
+ title='Sugar. Tobacco. Cotton.'
+ alt="Many workers in sugar, tobacco, and cotton fields."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Strait between Florida and Cuba?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Florida Strait.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Florida Strait?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Between Florida and Cuba.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean and Gulf does it connect?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head" id="LESSON_XXXV">LESSON XXXV.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">THE SOUTHERN STATES.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is the Climate of the Southern States?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Warm.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What do the Planters of the Southern States own?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Large plantations cultivated by slaves.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What are raised on these plantations?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Sugar, Tobacco, and Cotton.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="373" height="305" src="images/flig28.png" id="flig28.png"
+ title='Catching Wild Horses with the Lasso.'
+ alt="A man on his horse with a lasso chasing a herd of horses."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. From what State does most of the Sugar come?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Louisiana.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Presidents were born in Virginia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Harrison, and Taylor.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How are wild horses caught?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. By means of a leather rope called a Lasso.</p>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="562" height="789" src="images/flig29.jpg" id="flig29.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF THE WESTERN STATES.'
+ alt="Flat map of the Western United States."></div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXXVI.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How many Western States are there?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Eleven.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two are furthest north?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Michigan and Wisconsin.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What three lie on the west side of the Mississippi River?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What three lie on the north side of the Ohio River?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Ohio, Indiana, Illinois.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two south of the Ohio?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Kentucky and Tennessee.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Lake north of Michigan?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Lake Superior.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Lake east of Michigan?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Lake Huron.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Lake west of Michigan?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Lake Michigan.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Lake north of Ohio?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Lake Erie.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXXVII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Western State does not appear on this map?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. California.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What four great Rivers flow through the Western States?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri, and Arkansas.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. In what direction do nearly all the Rivers in
+the Western States flow?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Toward the Mississippi.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Name the Western States.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What four large Lakes touch the Western States?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Name the largest four Rivers in the Western States.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River in Ohio?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River between Indiana and Illinois?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What States south of Tennessee?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What State east of Kentucky?</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXXVIII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River in Wisconsin?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Wisconsin River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River in Iowa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Iowa River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River flows through Missouri?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Missouri River.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="342" height="293" src="images/flig30.png" id="flig30.png"
+ title='Western Steamboat.'
+ alt="Steamship Pittsburg under way."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River flows through Arkansas?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Arkansas River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River flows through Tennessee?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Tennessee River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River in Illinois?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Illinois River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where do they all empty?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. All except the Tennessee empty into the Mississippi.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head" id="LESSON_XXXIX">LESSON XXXIX.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">THE WESTERN STATES.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What grow in the Western States?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Corn, Wheat, Rye, and Fruit.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. For what are the Western States noted?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. For fine Rivers and Steamboats.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which of the Western States is noted for Gold?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. California.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="351" height="300" src="images/flig31.png" id="flig31.png"
+ title='Indians in their Canoes conducting Travellers over Rapids.'
+ alt="Two canoes full of dressed-up men and their Indian pilots maneuvering between rocks on a river."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where do the Indians of the United States mostly live?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. In the Western Territories.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What are many of the Indians?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Good farmers and quiet people.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. In what are some of them very expert?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. In conducting travellers past dangerous places.</p>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="557" height="784" src="images/flig32.jpg" id="flig32.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA.'
+ alt="Flat map of South America.">
+</div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XL.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What natural division of land is South America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A Peninsula.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division of the Earth is north of South America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. North America.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean east?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Atlantic Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean west?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Pacific Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Sea north?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Caribbean Sea.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest River in South America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Amazon River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How long is the Amazon?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Four thousand miles.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River further north than the Amazon?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Orinoco River.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XLI</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River in the southeast?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. La Plata River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Into what do these Rivers flow?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Into the Atlantic Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What great chain of Mountains in the west?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Andes Mountains.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest Country of South America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Brazil.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Between what two Oceans is South America?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the Caribbean Sea?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where are the West Indies?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where are the Andes?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What three large Rivers in South America?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Name all the Countries of South America.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What three in the north?</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XLII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Isthmus joins North and South America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Isthmus of Darien.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Islands north of South America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. West Indies.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the most southern Country of South America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Patagonia.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="404" height="333" src="images/flig33.png" id="flig33.png"
+ title='Travellers, with their Mules, crossing a Stream.'
+ alt="Three mules in a river; one being ridden and another being coaxed by another man."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Strait south of Patagonia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Strait of Magellan.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is the southern Cape of South America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Cape Horn.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two Oceans meet there?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head" id="LESSON_XLIII">LESSON XLIII.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">SOUTH AMERICA.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. For what is South America noted?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. For the largest rivers and longest mountain-chain in the world.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What can you say of the Andes Mountains?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The tops of some are continually covered with ice and snow; while at the
+foot of the mountains, the heat is very great.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="276" height="321" src="images/flig34.png" id="flig34.png"
+ title='Dangers in travelling over the Andes.'
+ alt="A man leading his horse up a mountain pass while another horse falls back throwing its rider."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What careful animal is used in crossing the Mountains?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The Mule.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What if the mule should lose his foothold?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Both mule and rider might fall and perish.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What take place in South America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Earthquakes.</p>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="537" height="758" src="images/flig35.jpg" id="flig35.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF EUROPE.'
+ alt="Flat map of Europe.">
+</div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XLIV.</p>
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean north of Europe?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Arctic Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean west of Europe?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Atlantic Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Sea south of Europe?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Mediterranean Sea.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is the Mediterranean Sea?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The largest Sea in the world.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Bay west of France?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Bay of Biscay.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest country of Europe?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Russia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the smallest?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Switzerland.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two Countries touch Russia on the southwest?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Austria and Turkey.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country south of Turkey?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Greece.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XLV.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two Countries west of the North Sea?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. England and Scotland.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country west of England?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Ireland.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country south of England?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. France.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country south of France?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Spain.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two Oceans touch Europe?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What five large Seas do you find on the map of Europe?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What four Rivers?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Strait connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Cape in the north of Europe?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Gulf east of Italy?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the White Sea?</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XLVI.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Sea north of Prussia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Baltic Sea.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Sea south of Russia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Black Sea.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large River runs through Austria and Turkey?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Danube River.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="409" height="307" src="images/flig36.png" id="flig36.png"
+ title='Sleighing in Russia.'
+ alt="A two-horse sleigh in the background and a one-horse sleigh in the forground with a dog running alongside."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Mountains between France and Spain?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Pyrenees Mountains.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Island west of Norway?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Iceland.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Island south of Italy?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Sicily.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head" id="LESSON_XLVII">LESSON XLVII.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">EUROPE.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which, are the most powerful Countries in Europe?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Great Britain, France, and Russia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What great General, a few years ago, led the most powerful army in the
+world?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Napoleon Bonaparte.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where was he finally overthrown?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. At the Battle of Waterloo, in the year 1815.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What brave man was a Swiss?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. William Tell.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What remarkable building in Italy?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The Leaning Tower.</p>
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="244" height="433" src="images/flig37.png" id="flig37.png"
+ title='Leaning Tower in Italy.'
+ alt="The Leaning Tower."></div>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What law in Prussia about attending school?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Every boy and girl is obliged to attend school regularly.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What can you say of the northern part of Europe?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. It is so cold, that there is good sleighing all the year.</p>
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="565" height="748" src="images/flig38.jpg" id="flig38.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF ASIA.'
+ alt="Flat map of Asia."></div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XLVIII</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What can you say of the size of Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. It is the largest Grand Division of the Earth.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean north of Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Arctic Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean east?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Pacific Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean south?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Indian Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Sea south of Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Arabian Sea.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Bay south of Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Bay of Bengal.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What four Seas east of Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. China, Yellow, Japan and Ochotsk.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Sea between Arabia and Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Red Sea</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XLIX.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division of the Earth is west of Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Europe.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division southwest?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Africa.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Country in the northern part of Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Siberia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Empire in the east?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Chinese Empire.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What three Oceans touch Asia?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two Seas between Asia and Europe?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Sea between Asia and Africa</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two countries of Asia are furthest north?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Between what two Countries is the Persian Gulf?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Cape in the north of Asia?</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON L.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What country in the southeastern part of the Chinese Empire?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. China.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Hindoostan.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country in Asia is furthest southwest?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Arabia.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="432" height="318" src="images/flig39.png" id="flig39.png"
+ title='The Great Wall of China.'
+ alt="A long shot of part of the Great Wall with some men in the foreground."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Mountains between Asia and Europe?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Ural Mountains.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Island south of China Sea?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Borneo.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Island southeast of Borneo?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Australia.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head" id="LESSON_LI">LESSON LI.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">ASIA.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division of the Earth was first inhabited?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Asia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Who first lived in Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Adam and Eve.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is the color of the Asiatics?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Yellow.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="332" height="321" src="images/flig40.png" id="flig40.png"
+ title='Camels in a Desert.'
+ alt="Two camels and some men in the foreground of a desert camp."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What do many worship?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Idols.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. For what purpose did the Chinese build the Great Wall?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. To defend themselves from their enemies.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What animal is very useful in crossing the Deserts?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The Camel.</p>
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="542" height="774" src="images/flig41.jpg" id="flig41.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF AFRICA.'
+ alt="Flat map of Africa."></div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head" id="LESSON_LII">LESSON LII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division of land is Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A Peninsula.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Between what two Oceans is Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Atlantic and Indian.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division of the Earth north of Africa 2</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Europe.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Sea north of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Mediterranean Sea.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division of the Earth northeast of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Asia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Sea east of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Red Sea.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Gulf west of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Gulf of Guinea.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Island southeast of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Madagascar.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON LIII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country in the northeastern part of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Egypt.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country south of Egypt?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Nubia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country south of Nubia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Abyssinia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which are the largest two Rivers in Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Nile and Niger</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. With what Ocean is the Mediterranean Sea connected?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. With what Ocean is the Red Sea connected?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What three Countries of Africa touch the Red Sea?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large River flows into the Mediterranean Sea?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large River flows into the Gulf of Guinea?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. On which side of Africa is Guinea?</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON LIV.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Desert in the northern part of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Sahara, or Great Desert.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Mountains in the centre?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Mountains of the Moon.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Isthmus joins Africa with Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Isthmus of Suez.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="323" height="275" src="images/flig42.png" id="flig42.png"
+ title='A Traveller attacked by a Crocodile.'
+ alt="A man with a crocodile biting his leg being pulled from the water by his guide."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country in Europe is nearest Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Spain.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Strait between Africa and Spain?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Strait of Gibraltar.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Cape in the southern part of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Cape of Good Hope.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON LV.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The warmest Division of the Earth.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What animals are found in Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Elephants, Lions, and Leopards.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What dangerous reptiles in Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Serpents and Crocodiles.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="429" height="357" src="images/flig43.png" id="flig43.png"
+ title='A Sand Storm in the Desert.'
+ alt="Many men and camels stuck in a heavy sand storm."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a great part of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A Desert, or vast Sandy Plain.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How do men cross the Desert?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. In large companies, called Caravans.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What storms sometimes overtake Caravans?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Storms of scorching sand, raised by the wind.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">RECAPITULATION.</p>
+
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">OCEANS.</p>
+
+<p><span class="i">Where is?</span></p>
+
+<p>Pacific Ocean &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">West of America</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Atlantic Ocean &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">East of America</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Northern Ocean &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">North of North America</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Southern Ocean &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">South of South America</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Indian Ocean &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">South of Asia</span>.</p>
+
+<HR class="exsmall">
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">RIVERS.</p>
+
+<p><span class="i">Where is?</span></p>
+
+<p>Amazon &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the northern part of S. America</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Mississippi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Missouri &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Ohio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Arkansas &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Connecticut &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Hudson &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the Eastern States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Susquehanna &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Runs through Pennsylvania</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Delaware &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Between Pennsylvania and Delaware</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Volga &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In Russia</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Danube &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Runs through Austria and Turkey</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Nile &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the northeastern part of Africa</span>.</p>
+
+<HR class="exsmall">
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">SEAS</p>
+
+<p><span class="i">Where is?</span></p>
+
+<p>Mediterranean Sea &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Between Europe and Africa</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Black and Caspian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Between Europe and Asia</span>.</p>
+
+<p>North Sea &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">West of Europe</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Baltic Sea &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">West of Russia</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Caribbean Sea &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">North of South America</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Arabian Sea &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">South of Asia</span>.</p>
+
+<p>China Sea &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">South of China</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Red Sea &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Between Africa and Asia</span>.</p>
+
+<HR class="exsmall">
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">GULFS AND BAYS</p>
+
+<p><span class="i">Where is?</span></p>
+
+<p>Baffin's Bay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">West of Greenland</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Hudson's Bay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In British America</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Gulf of Mexico &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">South of the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Bay of Biscay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">West of France</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Gulf of Guinea &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">West of Africa</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Chesapeake Bay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In Maryland</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Delaware Bay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Between New Jersey and Delaware</span>.</p>
+
+<HR class="exsmall">
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">LAKES</p>
+
+<p><span class="i">Where is?</span></p>
+
+<p>Lake Superior &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">North of the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Lake Michigan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the northern part of the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Lake Erie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">North of the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Lake Ontario &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">North of the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<HR class="exsmall">
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">MOUNTAINS.</p>
+
+<p><span class="i">Where are?</span></p>
+
+<p>Rocky &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the western part of N. America</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Andes &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the western part of S. America</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Alleghany &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the eastern part of the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Green &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In Vermont</span>.</p>
+
+<p>White &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In New Hampshire</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Ural &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Between Europe and Asia</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Alps &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">North of Italy</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Pyrenees &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Between France and Spain</span>.</p>
+
+<HR class="exsmall">
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">ISLANDS.</p>
+
+<p><span class="i">Where is?</span></p>
+
+<p>Australia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Southeast of Asia</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Iceland &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">East of Greenland</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Cuba &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">South of the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Madagascar &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Southeast of Africa</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Nova Zembla &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">North of Russia</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Sicily &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">South of Italy</span>.</p>
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+
+<p class="title4">NATIONAL SERIES</p>
+<p class="title5">OF</p>
+<p class="title3">STANDARD SCHOOL BOOKS,</p>
+<p class="title4">PUBLISHED BY A.S. BARNES &amp; CO.,</p>
+<p class="title5">51 JOHN-STREET, NEW YORK.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">R.G. PARKER'S SCHOOL READERS.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">PARKER'S First&mdash;Second&mdash;Third&mdash;Fourth, and Rhetorical Header.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">ORTHOGRAPHY, GRAMMAR, ETC.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">PRICE'S Spelling Book&mdash;WRIGHT'S Analytical Orthography&mdash;MARTIN'S
+Orthoepist&mdash;NORTHEND'S Dictation Exercises&mdash;CLARK'S Analysis&mdash;CLARK'S
+English Grammar and Etymological Chart&mdash;WELCH'S English Sentence&mdash;DAY'S
+Art of Rhetoric.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">ELOCUTIONARY WORKS.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">NORTHEND'S Little Speaker&mdash;American Speaker&mdash;School Dialogues&mdash;ZACHIOS'
+New American Speaker&mdash;PARKER's and ZACHOS' Introductory Lessons.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">WILLARD'S SERIES OF HISTORIES.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">WILLARD'S History of the United States&mdash;Universal History&mdash;Historic
+Guide&mdash;Temple of Time.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">NATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL SERIES.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">MONTEITH'S First Lessons in Geography. MONTEITH'S Youth's Manual of
+Geography. McNALLY's System of School Geography.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">DAVIES' SYSTEM OF MATHEMATICS.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">Table-Book and Primary Arithmetic&mdash;Intellectual Arithmetic&mdash;School
+Arith.&mdash;University Arithmetic&mdash;Elementary Algebra&mdash;-Elementary
+Geometry&mdash;Practical Mathematics&mdash;BOURDON'S Algebra&mdash;LEGENDRE'S
+Geom.&mdash;Surveying&mdash;Analytical Geom.&mdash;Calculus&mdash;Des. Geom.&mdash;Shades,
+Shadows, &amp;c.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">SCHOOL AND COLLEGE PHILOSOPHIES.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">PARKER'S Juvenile Philosophy, Parts 1 &amp; 2&mdash;PARKER'S School
+Compendium&mdash;BARTLETT'S Mechanics&mdash;Optics&mdash;Astronomy.&mdash;Bartlett's
+Analytical Mechanics.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">INTELLECTUAL PHILOSOPHY AND MYTHOLOGY.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">MAHAN'S Intellectual Philosophy&mdash;DWIGHT'S Grecian and Roman Mythology.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">NATURAL SCIENCES, ETC.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">CHAMBERS' Introduction to the Sciences&mdash;Treasury of Knowledge&mdash;CLARK'S
+Drawing&mdash;REID and BAIN'S Chemistry&mdash;HAMILTON'S Physiology&mdash;CHAMBERS'
+Zoology&mdash;PAGE'S Geology&mdash;McINTYRE on the Globes&mdash;GILLESPIE on
+Road-making&mdash;GREGORY'S Chemistry&mdash;CHURCH'S Calcalus&mdash;CHURCH'S Anal.
+Geom.&mdash;COURTENAY'S Calculus&mdash;HACKLEY'S Trigonometry&mdash;Manual of Fine
+Arts&mdash;LARDNER on the Steam Engine.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">PENMANSHIP AND BOOK-KEEPING.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">FULTON &amp; EASTMAN'S System, with the Chirographic Charts.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">MUSIC FOR SCHOOLS.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">KINGSLEY'S Juvenile Choir&mdash;Kingsley's Young Ladies' Harp&mdash;SHERWOOD'S
+School Song and Hymn Book&mdash;Sabbath-School Gems&mdash;Christian Melodies.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">BROOKS' CLASSICS.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">Latin Lessons&mdash;Greek Lessons&mdash;Collectanea Evangelica&mdash;Ovid.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">THE ENGLISH POETS, WITH BOYD'S NOTES.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">MILTON'S Paradise Lost&mdash;POLLOK'S Course of Time&mdash;YOUNG'S Night
+Thoughts&mdash;THOMSON'S Seasons&mdash;COWPER'S Task, Conversation, &amp;c.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">LIBRARY OF REFERENCE FOR TEACHERS.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">PAGE'S Theory and Practice of Teaching&mdash;NORTHEND'S Teacher and
+Parent&mdash;MANSFIELD on American Education&mdash;DE TOCQUEVILLE'S American
+Institutions&mdash;DAVIES' Logic and Utility of Mathematics&mdash;WATTS on
+the Improvement of the Mind&mdash;Cyclopedia of Geography&mdash;Cyclopedia of
+Chronology&mdash;Cyclopedia of Biography&mdash;Cyclopedia of Useful
+Arts&mdash;Cyclopedia of Literature and Fine Arts&mdash;Cyclopedia of Europe.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" noshade>
+<pre>
+
+
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11722 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig01.png b/11722-h/images/flig01.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cf6c6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig01.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig02.png b/11722-h/images/flig02.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf0dc0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig02.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig03.png b/11722-h/images/flig03.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a7a8db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig03.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig04.png b/11722-h/images/flig04.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e83a490
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig04.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig05.png b/11722-h/images/flig05.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0601b9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig05.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig06.png b/11722-h/images/flig06.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32cdacb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig06.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig07.png b/11722-h/images/flig07.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3de9ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig07.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig08.png b/11722-h/images/flig08.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3273848
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig08.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig09.png b/11722-h/images/flig09.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b1cc79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig09.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig10.png b/11722-h/images/flig10.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffca14a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig10.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig11.png b/11722-h/images/flig11.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffe621d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig11.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig12.jpg b/11722-h/images/flig12.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1968a03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig12.jpg
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig13.jpg b/11722-h/images/flig13.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f2f781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig13.jpg
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig14.jpg b/11722-h/images/flig14.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4701444
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig14.jpg
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig15.png b/11722-h/images/flig15.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4be537
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig15.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig16.png b/11722-h/images/flig16.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..338a197
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig16.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig17.jpg b/11722-h/images/flig17.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e80acc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig17.jpg
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig18.png b/11722-h/images/flig18.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37b79b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig18.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig19.png b/11722-h/images/flig19.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51e9983
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig19.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig20.jpg b/11722-h/images/flig20.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..645bdc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig20.jpg
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig21.png b/11722-h/images/flig21.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee2be5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig21.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig22.png b/11722-h/images/flig22.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72ecc16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig22.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig23.jpg b/11722-h/images/flig23.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..596096f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig23.jpg
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig24.png b/11722-h/images/flig24.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e952454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig24.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig25.png b/11722-h/images/flig25.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..762e95e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig25.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig26.jpg b/11722-h/images/flig26.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18e8902
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig26.jpg
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig27.png b/11722-h/images/flig27.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..995be01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig27.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig28.png b/11722-h/images/flig28.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05cc016
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig28.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig29.jpg b/11722-h/images/flig29.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd9fdff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig29.jpg
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig30.png b/11722-h/images/flig30.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..158012f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig30.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig31.png b/11722-h/images/flig31.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3060827
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig31.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig32.jpg b/11722-h/images/flig32.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9a3e67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig32.jpg
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig33.png b/11722-h/images/flig33.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fa8b69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig33.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig34.png b/11722-h/images/flig34.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6d32f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig34.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig35.jpg b/11722-h/images/flig35.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f10906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig35.jpg
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig36.png b/11722-h/images/flig36.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9246409
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig36.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig37.png b/11722-h/images/flig37.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86531b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig37.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig38.jpg b/11722-h/images/flig38.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d61352
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig38.jpg
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig39.png b/11722-h/images/flig39.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ff19f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig39.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig40.png b/11722-h/images/flig40.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..805b7fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig40.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig41.jpg b/11722-h/images/flig41.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac86070
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig41.jpg
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig42.png b/11722-h/images/flig42.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..478c924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig42.png
diff --git a/11722-h/images/flig43.png b/11722-h/images/flig43.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b929ac9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11722-h/images/flig43.png
diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6312041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d68508d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #11722 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11722)
diff --git a/old/11722-h.zip b/old/11722-h.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72c63fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h.zip
diff --git a/old/11722-h/11722-h.htm b/old/11722-h/11722-h.htm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e53ce5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/11722-h.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,3458 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of First Lessons In Geography, by James Monteith</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+  <!--
+  * {font-family: "Palatino Linotype", "Times New Roman", serif; background: FCFEFC;
+     text-align: center; line-height: 1.4; text-indent: 0em;}
+  table { text-align: left;
+          background: #ccccff; }
+  p {font-size: 14pt; text-align: left; width: 565px;}
+  p.sig1 {text-align: right;}
+  p.sig2 {font-family: "Comic Sans MS", cursive; font-style: italic; text-align: right; font-size: 18pt;}
+  p.img {text-align: center;}
+  p.title1 {font-size: 44pt; font-weight: 900; text-align: center; letter-spacing: .2em;}
+  p.title2 {font-size: 24pt; font-weight: 900; text-align: center; letter-spacing: .2em;}
+  p.title3 {font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 900; text-align: center; letter-spacing: .2em;}
+  p.title4 {font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 900; text-align: center; letter-spacing: .2em;}
+  p.title5 {font-size: 8pt; font-weight: 900; text-align: center; letter-spacing: .2em;}
+  p.chapter-head {font-size: 20pt; font-weight: 900; text-align: center; word-spacing: .2em;}
+  p.chapter-sub {font-size: 16pt; font-weight: 900; text-align: center;}
+  p.chapter-sub2 {font-size: 13pt; font-weight: 900; text-align: center;}
+  p.ques {font-size: 14pt;}
+  p.ans {font-size: 16pt;}
+  p.appendix  {font-size: 12pt;}
+  div {font-size: 14pt; text-align: left; width: 50%;}
+  div.leftcol {text-align: left; position: relative; display: inline; float: left;}
+  div.rightcol {position: relative; display: inline; float: right;}
+  div.img {text-align: center;}
+  UL {text-align: center;}
+  LI {font-size: 13pt; line-height: 2.0; font-variant: small-caps; list-style: none;}
+  LI.toc-left {text-align: right;}
+  LI.toc-right {text-align: left;}
+  img {text-align: center;}
+  span.i {font-style: italic; font-weight: 600;}
+  span.center {text-align: center;}
+  span.sc {font-variant: small-caps;}
+  span.unbold {font-weight: 500;}
+  span.small {font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: .1em;}
+  H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 {text-align: center;}
+  HR.exlarge {width: 80%}
+  HR.large {width: 565px;}
+  HR.medium {width: 400px;}
+  HR.small {width: 150px;}
+  HR.exsmall {width: 50px;}
+  hr.full { width: 100%;
+            size: 5; }
+  a:link {color: rgb(0,0,153); text-decoration:none;}
+  a:visited {color: rgb(0,0,153); text-decoration:none;}
+  a:hover {color: rgb(0,153,0); text-decoration:none;}
+  pre		{ font-size:10pt;
+              text-align: left; }
+  // -->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, First Lessons In Geography, by James Monteith</h1>
+<pre>
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at <a href = "https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>
+
+Title: First Lessons In Geography
+
+Author: James Monteith
+
+Release Date: March 25, 2004  [eBook #11722]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: iso-8859-1
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FIRST LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY***
+</pre><br>
+<br>
+<center><b>E-text prepared by Justin Gillbank<br>
+           and Project Gutenberg Distributed Proofreaders<br>
+           from images provided by Internet Archive Children's Library<br>
+           and University of Florida</b></center>
+<br>
+<br>
+<table border=0 bgcolor="#ccccff" cellpadding=10>
+  <tr>
+    <td valign="top">
+      Note:
+    </td>
+    <td align="left">
+          Images of the original pages are available through the Florida
+	      Board of Education, Division of Colleges and Universities,
+	      PALMM Project, 2001. (Preservation and Access for American and
+	      British Children's Literature, 1850-1869.) See<br>
+	      <a href="http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/dl/UF00000411.jpg">
+	      http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/dl/UF00000411.jpg</a>
+	      <br>
+	      or<br>
+	      <a href="http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/dl/UF00000411.pdf">
+	      http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/dl/UF00000411.pdf</a>
+	</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<hr class="full" noshade>
+<br>
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="381" height="147" src="images/flig01.png" id="flig01.png"
+ title='First Lessons in Geography.'
+ alt="Title."></div>
+
+<div class="img"><img width="418" height="429" src="images/flig02.png" id="flig02.png"
+ title='Europe. Asia. Africa. America.'
+ alt="A teacher and three girls studying maps and a globe."></div>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+
+<p class="title3">NATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL SERIES.&mdash;NO. 1.</p>
+
+<p class="title2">FIRST LESSONS</p>
+
+<p class="title4">IN</p>
+
+<p class="title1">GEOGRAPHY<span class="unbold">;</span></p>
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="351" height="268" src="images/flig03.png" id="flig03.png"
+ title='Title page.'
+ alt="A young man on his way to school."></div>
+
+
+<p class="title5">OR,</p>
+
+<p class="title4">INTRODUCTION TO "YOUTH'S MANUAL OF GEOGRAPHY."</p>
+
+<p class="title3">By JAMES MONTEITH.</p>
+
+<p class="title3">1856.</p>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+
+<p class="chapter-head">NATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL SERIES.</p>
+
+
+<p>No. 1.&mdash;MONTEITH'S FIRST LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY, for Beginners.</p>
+
+<p>No. 2.&mdash;MONTEITH'S YOUTH'S MANUAL OF GEOGRAPHY, for Junior
+and Intermediate Classes.</p>
+
+<p>No. 3.&mdash;McNALLY'S SYSTEM OF GEOGRAPHY, for Advanced Classes in
+Schools, Academies, and Seminaries.</p>
+
+<HR class="exsmall">
+
+<p>The above Books, which are written by Practical Teachers, constitute the
+most complete <span class="sc">Geographical School Series</span> extant; and
+they are so adapted to each other, that the learner advances from one to the
+other with satisfaction and success.</p>
+
+<p class="sig1">A.S. BARNES &amp; CO.</p>
+
+<HR class="exsmall">
+
+<p>Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1854,
+<span class="sc">By</span> JAMES MONTEITH, In the Clerk's Office
+of the District Court of the United States for the
+Southern District of New York.</p>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+
+<p class="chapter-head">PREFACE.</p>
+
+<p>It is evident, that to secure a complete system of teaching Geography in
+our Schools, there should be at least three grades of Text-books; namely,
+<span class="sc">Introductory</span>, <span class="sc">Intermediate</span>,
+and <span class="sc">Advanced</span>. As the necessity for a Geography
+more introductory in its character than those now in use has been
+long felt, the Author would respectfully solicit the notice of his
+fellow-teachers to this little work.</p>
+
+<p>Its plan is such, that the subject is presented in the most simple form.</p>
+
+<p>It treats of <span class="sc">General Features</span>, such as the locality
+and description of Continents, Countries, States, Rivers, Mountains, &amp;c.,
+without dwelling prematurely upon the minute details that embarrass the learner
+in his first effort.</p>
+
+<p>The <span class="sc">Exercises</span> are arranged in Question and Answer.</p>
+
+<p>The <span class="sc">Maps</span> are free from all meridians, parallels of
+latitude, and any superabundance of names; thereby giving a greater prominence
+to the general divisions of land and water.</p>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+
+<p class="chapter-head">CONTENTS.</p>
+
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">DEFINITIONS</p>
+
+
+<div class="leftcol">
+<UL>
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#flig12.jpg">Map of the Western Hemisphere</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#flig13.jpg">Map of the Eastern Hemisphere</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#flig14.jpg">Map of North America</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#flig17.jpg">Map of the United States</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#flig20.jpg">Map of the Eastern States</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#flig23.jpg">Map of the Middle States</a>
+</UL>
+</div>
+
+<div class="rightcol">
+<UL>
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#flig26.jpg">Map of the Southern States</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#flig29.jpg">Map of the Western States</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#flig32.jpg">Map of South America</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#flig35.jpg">Map of Europe</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#flig38.jpg">Map of Asia</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#flig41.jpg">Map of Africa</a>
+</UL>
+</div>
+
+<div class="img">
+<img width="534" height="360" src="images/flig04.png" id="flig04.png"
+ title='Excelsior.'
+ alt="An explorer with a banner hiking up a mountain.">
+</div>
+<br>
+
+<div class="leftcol">
+<UL>
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#LESSON_XV">History of North America</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#LESSON_XIX">History of the United States</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#LESSON_XXVII">History of the Eastern States</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#LESSON_XXXI">History of the Middle States</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-left"><a href="#LESSON_XXXV">History of the Southern States</a>
+</UL>
+</div>
+
+<div class="rightcol">
+<UL>
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#LESSON_XXXIX">History of the Western States</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#LESSON_XLIII">History of South America</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#LESSON_XLVII">History of Europe</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#LESSON_LI">History of Asia</a>
+
+<LI class="toc-right"><a href="#LESSON_LII">History of Africa</a>
+</UL>
+</div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+
+<p class="title2">FIRST LESSONS</p>
+<p class="title4">IN</p>
+<p class="title1">GEOGRAPHY.</p>
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="372" height="296" src="images/flig05.png" id="flig05.png"
+ title='Going to School.'
+ alt="A young man on his way to school."></div>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON I.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is Geography?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A description of the Earth's surface.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is the Earth?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The planet or body on which we live.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is the shape of the Earth?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Round, like a ball.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Of what is the Earth composed?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Land and Water.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON II.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Continent?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The largest division of the land.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How many Continents are there?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Two; the Eastern and the Western.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. On which Continent do we live?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. On the Western Continent.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What are the divisions of the Western Continent?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. North America and South America.</p>
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="355" height="223" src="images/flig06.png" id="flig06.png"
+ title='Map of the World.'
+ alt="Projection map Western and Eastern Hemispheres."></div>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What are the divisions of the Eastern Continent?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Europe, Asia, and Africa.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is an Ocean?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The largest division of the water.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How many Oceans are there?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Five; Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern or Antarctic, Northern or
+Arctic.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON III.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest Ocean?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The Pacific Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is an Island?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A portion of land <span class="i">entirely</span> surrounded by water.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Peninsula?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A portion of land <span class="i">almost</span> surrounded by water.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="279" height="341" src="images/flig07.png" id="flig07.png"
+ title='The Earth.'
+ alt="A globe flying through clouds."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Lake?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A body of water almost surrounded by land.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is an Isthmus?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A neck joining two larger portions of land.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Strait?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A passage connecting two larger bodies of water.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON IV.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Cape?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A point of land extending into the water.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Mountain?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A vast elevation of land.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Hill?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A small elevation of land.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="251" height="226" src="images/flig08.png" id="flig08.png"
+ title='Studying Geography.'
+ alt="A mother sitting with her two girls."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Volcano?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A mountain which sends out fire, smoke, and lava.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Valley?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The low land between hills or mountains.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Plain?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A level tract of land.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Desert?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A barren region of country.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON V.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Sea?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The division of water, the next in size to an ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Gulf or Bay?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A body of water extending into the land.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a River?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A stream of water flowing through the land.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="411" height="317" src="images/flig09.png" id="flig09.png"
+ title='A River. A Windmill.'
+ alt="A boy waving to a sailboat on a river with a windmill in the distance."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. By what are Rivers formed?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. By Springs.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Spring?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Water flowing from the ground.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What are Small Streams called?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Brooks and Creeks.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON VI.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Who governs an Empire?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. An Emperor.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Who governs a Kingdom?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A King or a Queen.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Who governs a Republic?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Men elected by the People.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="366" height="292" src="images/flig10.png" id="flig10.png"
+ title='A Caravan crossing a Desert.'
+ alt="Armed men on camels and on foot."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest Empire in the world?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Russia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest Kingdom in the world?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Great Britain.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest Republic in the world?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The United States.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON VII.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="430" height="286" src="images/flig11.png" id="flig11.png"
+ title='Map for questions in lesson.'
+ alt="A three by three quadrant map with 'CENTRE' surrounded by eight compass directions."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a Map?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A picture of the whole, or a part, of the Earth's Surface.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What are the directions on a Map?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Toward the top, North; toward the bottom, South; to the right, East; to
+the left, West.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. In what direction from the centre of the picture is the Island?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. North.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. In what direction is the Volcano? The Cape?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. The Bay? The Lake? The Strait? The Mountains?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. The Isthmus?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is in the East? In the West? In the South? In the North? In the
+Northwest? In the Southeast? In the Northeast? In the Southwest?</p>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="561" height="583" src="images/flig12.jpg" id="flig12.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE.'
+ alt="Projection map of the Western Hemisphere."></div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON VIII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. In what Division of the Earth do we live?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. In North America.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division south of North America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. South America.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. When you look at the rising Sun, what Ocean is before you?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Atlantic Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where does the Sun rise?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. In the East.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where, then, is the Atlantic Ocean?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. East of America.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. When you look at the setting Sun, what Ocean is before you?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Pacific Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where does the Sun set?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. In the West.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the Pacific Ocean?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. West of America.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean north of America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Northern Ocean.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON IX.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean south of America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Southern Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Isthmus joins South America to North America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Isthmus of Darien.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the most northern Country of North America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Greenland.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Bay west of Greenland?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Baffin's Bay</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Do you live in North America or in South America?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean east of America?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean west of America?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the Northern Ocean?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the Southern Ocean?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. In what Ocean are the Sandwich Islands?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. In what Ocean are the Cape Verd Islands?</p>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="559" height="583" src="images/flig13.jpg" id="flig13.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF THE EASTERN HEMISPHERE.'
+ alt="Project map of the Eastern Hemisphere."></div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON X.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What are the Divisions of the Eastern Continent?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Europe, Asia, and Africa.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Asia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the smallest?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Europe.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is furthest to the right, or east?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Asia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is furthest south?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Africa.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean east of Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Pacific Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean south of Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Indian Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean west of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Atlantic Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Sea south of Europe?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Mediterranean Sea.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XI</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Sea east of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Red Sea.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Cape in the south of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Cape of Good Hope.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division of the Earth is composed of Islands?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Oceanica.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest Island in the World?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Australia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Oceans do you find on the Eastern Hemisphere?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division west of Asia?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division south of Europe?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Between what Divisions is the Mediterranean Sea?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Between what is the Red Sea?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the Cape of Good Hope?</p>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="528" height="731" src="images/flig14.jpg" id="flig14.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF NORTH AMERICA.'
+ alt="Flat map of North America."></div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What three Oceans around North America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country furthest north?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Greenland.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country furthest south?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Central America.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. In what Country do we live?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. In the United States.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country north of the United States?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. British America.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country south of the United States?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Mexico.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country in the northwest?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Russian America.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Peninsula in the south?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Yucatan.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XIII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Between what two Oceans is the United States?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Atlantic and Pacific.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Bay west of Greenland?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Baffin's Bay.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Bay in British America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Hudson's Bay.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Sea southeast of North America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Caribbéan Sea.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which are the largest two Countries of North America?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Between what two Countries is the United States?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. In what Country is Hudson's Bay?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Between what two Countries is Baffin's Bay?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Island southeast of the United States?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Cape Farewell?</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XIV.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Gulf south of the United States?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Gulf of Mexico.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the Gulf of Mexico?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. South of the United States.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two great Rivers in the United States?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Mississippi and Missouri.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="383" height="326" src="images/flig15.png" id="flig15.png"
+ title='Icebergs near Greenland.'
+ alt="Two ships sailing around large icebergs."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Mountains in the western part of N. America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Rocky Mountains.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where are the Rocky Mountains?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. In the western part of N. America</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Island east of Greenland?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Iceland.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Iceland?</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head" id="LESSON_XV">LESSON XV.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">NORTH AMERICA.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. By whom was America discovered?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. By Columbus; about 360 years ago.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What kind of People did he find here?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Dark-colored Savages.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What did Columbus name them?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Indians.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="358" height="285" src="images/flig16.png" id="flig16.png"
+ title='Columbus discovering America.'
+ alt="A landing party arriving at shore with natives looking on."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. After whom was America named?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A man named Americus.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What can you say of the Northern part of N. America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. It is very cold.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What of the Southern part of N. America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. It is very warm.</p>
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="565" height="354" src="images/flig17.jpg" id="flig17.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF THE UNITED STATES.'
+ alt="Flat map of the United States."></div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XVI.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How many States are there? 31.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How are they divided?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Into Eastern, Middle, Western, and Southern States.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest State?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Texas.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the smallest State?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Rhode Island.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What State on the Pacific?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. California.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What State in the north, almost surrounded by Lakes?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Michigan.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest of these Lakes?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Lake Superior.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Lake east of Michigan?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Lake Huron.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Lake west of Michigan?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Lake Michigan.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River west of Texas?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Rio Grande.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XVII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large River flows south into the Gulf of Mexico?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Mississippi River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Rivers flow into the Mississippi?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Missouri, Ohio, Arkansas, and Red.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River between Texas and Mexico?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Rio Grande.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean east of the United States?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean west?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country south?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Gulf south?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. In what State do you live?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What States touch your State?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Lake Superior?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Lake in Utah?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Into what does the Ohio flow?</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XVIII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which State is furthest northeast?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Maine.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Maine?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. In the northeastern part of the United States.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which State is furthest south?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Florida.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="351" height="253" src="images/flig18.png" id="flig18.png"
+ title='Locomotive. Telegraph. Steamship.'
+ alt="A railroad and a telegraph line running along the shore with ships in the bay."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Between what Ocean and Gulf is Florida?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What State is furthest west?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. California.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is California?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What States touch the Mississippi River?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What States touch the Gulf of Mexico?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How many Territories are there?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Eight.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest Territory?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Nebraska.</p>
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head" id="LESSON_XIX">LESSON XIX.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">THE UNITED STATES.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What are the people of the United States called?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Americans.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Who governed this Country about 80 years ago?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The King of England.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How did the Americans obtain their freedom?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. By a war which lasted nearly eight years.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="363" height="291" src="images/flig19.png" id="flig19.png"
+ title='Settlers attacked by Indians.'
+ alt="A battle in front of a cabin."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What great man led the American army?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. George Washington, who became the first President.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How has this Country increased?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. From 13 to 31 States.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What troubles had the settlers of this Country?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Many were murdered by the Indians.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XX.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">CAPITALS.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub2">CAPITAL OF THE UNITED STATES,</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Washington</span>, &nbsp;
+<span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp;<span class="i">Potomac River</span>.</p>
+
+
+<p class="chapter-sub2">EASTERN STATES.</p>
+
+<p><span class="small">&nbsp; States. &nbsp; Capitals. &nbsp; Situation.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Maine</span>, &nbsp;
+ Augusta, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Kennebec</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">New Hampshire</span>, &nbsp;
+ Concord, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Merrimac</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Vermont</span>, &nbsp;
+ Montpelier, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Onion</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Massachusetts</span>, &nbsp;
+ Boston, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Boston Harbor</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Rhode Island</span>, &nbsp;
+ Providence, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Providence Bay</span>.<br>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Newport,
+ &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Rhode Island</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Connecticut</span>,* &nbsp;
+ Hartford, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Connecticut</span>.<br>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; New Haven,
+ &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">New Haven Bay</span>.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp; * <span class="i">kon-net'e-kut</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXI.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub2">MIDDLE STATES.</p>
+
+<p><span class="small">&nbsp; States. &nbsp; Capitals. &nbsp; Situation.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">New York</span>, &nbsp;
+ Albany, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Hudson</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">New Jersey</span>, &nbsp;
+ Trenton, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Delaware</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Pennsylvania</span>, &nbsp;
+ Harrisburg, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Susquehanna</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Delaware</span>, &nbsp;
+ Dover, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Jones' Creek</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXII.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub2">SOUTHERN STATES.</p>
+
+<p><span class="small">&nbsp; States. &nbsp; Capitals. &nbsp; Situation.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Maryland</span>, &nbsp;
+ Annapolis, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Severn</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Virginia</span>, &nbsp;
+ Richmond, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">James</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">North Carolina</span>, &nbsp;
+ Raleigh, &nbsp; <span class="small">near the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Neuse</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">South Carolina</span>, &nbsp;
+ Columbia, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Congaree</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Georgia</span>, &nbsp;
+ Milledgeville, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Oconee</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Florida</span>, &nbsp;
+ Tallahassee, &nbsp; <span class="i">Inland</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Alabama</span>, &nbsp;
+ Montgomery, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Alabama</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Mississippi</span>, &nbsp;
+ Jackson, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Pearl</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Louisiana</span>, &nbsp;
+ Baton Rouge,* &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Mississippi</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Texas</span>, &nbsp;
+ Austin, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Colorado</span>.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp; * <span class="i">bat' on-roozh</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXIII.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub2">WESTERN STATES.</p>
+
+<p><span class="small">&nbsp; States. &nbsp; Capitals. &nbsp; Situation.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Arkansas</span>, &nbsp;
+ Little Rock, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Arkansas</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Tennessee</span>, &nbsp;
+ Nashville, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Cumberland</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Kentucky</span>, &nbsp;
+ Frankfort, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Kentucky</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Ohio</span>, &nbsp;
+ Columbus, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Sciota</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Michigan</span>, &nbsp;
+ Lansing, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Grand</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Indiana</span>, &nbsp;
+ Indianapolis, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">West Fork of the White</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Illinois</span>, (<span class="i">oy</span>) &nbsp;
+ Springfield, &nbsp; <span class="small">near the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Sangamon</span>.*</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Wisconsin</span>, &nbsp;
+ Madison, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Fourth Lake</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Iowa</span>, &nbsp;
+ Iowa City, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Iowa</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Missouri</span>, &nbsp;
+ Jefferson City, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Missouri</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">California</span>, &nbsp;
+ Sacramento, &nbsp; <span class="small">on the</span>
+ &nbsp; <span class="i">Sacramento</span>.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp; * <span class="i">sang'ga-mon.</span></p>
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="522" height="730" src="images/flig20.jpg" id="flig20.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF THE EASTERN STATES.'
+ alt="Flat map of the Eastern United States."></div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXIV.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How many Eastern States are there?      A. <span class="i">Six</span>.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two States north of Massachusetts?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. New Hampshire and Vermont.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two States south of Massachusetts?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Connecticut and Rhode Island.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What State west?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. New York.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large River between Vermont and New Hampshire?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Connecticut River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Through what States does it flow?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Massachusetts and Connecticut.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Rivers in Maine?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Kennebec and Penobscot.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River in New Hampshire?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Merrimac River.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXV.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Through what other State does the Merrimac flow?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Massachusetts.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Mountains in Vermont?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Green Mountains.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where are the White Mountains?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. In New Hampshire.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Sound south of Connecticut?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Long Island Sound</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Name the Eastern States.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the smallest?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where are the Green Mountains?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large River flows into Long Island Sound?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Cape in the eastern part of Massachusetts?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What three Rivers flow into the Atlantic Ocean?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Describe the Connecticut River.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXVI.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country north of the Eastern States?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Canada.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What State west?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. New York.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Island south of Connecticut?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Long Island.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="372" height="279" src="images/flig21.png" id="flig21.png"
+ title='Canal. Factories. Cattle.'
+ alt="Factories in the backgroud with boats in a canal center; Cattle in the foreground."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Long Island?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. South of Connecticut.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Lake between Vermont and New York?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Lake Champlain.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Lake Champlain?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Between Vermont and New York.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head" id="LESSON_XXVII">LESSON XXVII.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">EASTERN STATES.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What are these six States together called?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. New England.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Who first came to New England?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. People from England, called Puritans.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. For what are some of these States noted?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. For Woolen and Cotton Manufactures.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="369" height="302" src="images/flig22.png" id="flig22.png"
+ title='Lumber of Maine.'
+ alt="Oxen pulling a wagon full of lumber with their two handlers."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is obtained from Maine?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Lumber.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. For what animals is Vermont noted?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. For Sheep.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest City in New England?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Boston.</p>
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="542" height="764" src="images/flig23.jpg" id="flig23.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF THE MIDDLE STATES.'
+ alt="Flat map of the Middle United States."></div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXVIII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How many Middle States are there?
+
+<p class="ans">A. Four.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. New York.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is next in size?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Pennsylvania.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the next?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. New Jersey.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the smallest?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Delaware.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country north of New York?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Canada.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two Lakes on the west?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Ontario and Erie.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two large Rivers in the eastern part of New York?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Hudson and Mohawk.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large River in the western part of New York?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Genesee River.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXIX.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large River flows through Pennsylvania?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Susquehanna River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large River flows northeast from Lake Ontario?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. St. Lawrence River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Mountains in New York?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Catskill and Highlands.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large City in New York?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. New York.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Name the Middle States.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What States south of New York?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What States east of New York?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Lake Erie?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Lake Ontario?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the Hudson River?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the St. Lawrence?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Into what Lake does the Genesee River flow?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Lake northeast of New York?</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXX.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River between Pennsylvania and New Jersey?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Delaware River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the Delaware River?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Between Pennsylvania and New Jersey.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Bay between New Jersey and Delaware?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Delaware Bay.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="389" height="324" src="images/flig24.png" id="flig24.png"
+ title='Train of cars in full speed.'
+ alt="A long train moving through a canyon."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the Delaware Bay?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Between New Jersey and Delaware.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Bay in Maryland?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Chesapeake Bay.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Mountains in Pennsylvania?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Alleghany and Blue Ridge.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head" id="LESSON_XXXI">LESSON XXXI.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">THE MIDDLE STATES.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. For what are the Middle States noted?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. For Canals and Railroads.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Waterfall between Lakes Erie and Ontario?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Niagara Falls.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What do we get from Pennsylvania?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Coal and Iron.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="337" height="289" src="images/flig25.png" id="flig25.png"
+ title='Coal Mines.'
+ alt="A low valley with a mining operation in the foreground."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What does the word Pennsylvania mean?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Penn's Woods.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Who was William Penn?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A Quaker from England, who was good and just to the Indians.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest City in Pennsylvania?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Philadelphia.</p>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="533" height="754" src="images/flig26.jpg" id="flig26.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF THE SOUTHERN STATES.'
+ alt="Flat map of the Southern United States."></div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXXII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How many Southern States are there?
+
+<p class="ans">A. Ten.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Texas.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is furthest south?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Florida.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What division of land is Florida?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A Peninsula.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Island south of Florida?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Cuba.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What States north of Florida?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Georgia and Alabama.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River touches Virginia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Ohio River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River flows through the northern part of Alabama?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Tennessee River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Into what River does the Tennessee flow?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Into the Ohio River.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXXIII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What State east of Maryland?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Delaware.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What State west of North Carolina?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Tennessee.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River between South Carolina and Georgia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Savannah River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Into what does it flow?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Into the Atlantic Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Name the Southern States.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Name the States that touch the Atlantic Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Name the States that touch the Gulf of Mexico.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two Southern States touch the Mississippi River?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Between what Ocean and Gulf is Florida?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Cape Sable?</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXXIV.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Mountains in the Southern States?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Cumberland, Alleghany, and Blue Ridge.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Island south of Florida?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Cuba.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Cuba?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. South of Florida.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="368" height="276" src="images/flig27.png" id="flig27.png"
+ title='Sugar. Tobacco. Cotton.'
+ alt="Many workers in sugar, tobacco, and cotton fields."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Strait between Florida and Cuba?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Florida Strait.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is Florida Strait?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Between Florida and Cuba.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean and Gulf does it connect?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head" id="LESSON_XXXV">LESSON XXXV.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">THE SOUTHERN STATES.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is the Climate of the Southern States?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Warm.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What do the Planters of the Southern States own?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Large plantations cultivated by slaves.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What are raised on these plantations?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Sugar, Tobacco, and Cotton.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="373" height="305" src="images/flig28.png" id="flig28.png"
+ title='Catching Wild Horses with the Lasso.'
+ alt="A man on his horse with a lasso chasing a herd of horses."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. From what State does most of the Sugar come?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Louisiana.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Presidents were born in Virginia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Harrison, and Taylor.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How are wild horses caught?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. By means of a leather rope called a Lasso.</p>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="562" height="789" src="images/flig29.jpg" id="flig29.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF THE WESTERN STATES.'
+ alt="Flat map of the Western United States."></div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXXVI.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How many Western States are there?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Eleven.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two are furthest north?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Michigan and Wisconsin.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What three lie on the west side of the Mississippi River?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What three lie on the north side of the Ohio River?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Ohio, Indiana, Illinois.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two south of the Ohio?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Kentucky and Tennessee.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Lake north of Michigan?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Lake Superior.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Lake east of Michigan?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Lake Huron.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Lake west of Michigan?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Lake Michigan.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Lake north of Ohio?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Lake Erie.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXXVII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Western State does not appear on this map?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. California.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What four great Rivers flow through the Western States?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri, and Arkansas.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. In what direction do nearly all the Rivers in
+the Western States flow?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Toward the Mississippi.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Name the Western States.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What four large Lakes touch the Western States?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Name the largest four Rivers in the Western States.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River in Ohio?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River between Indiana and Illinois?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What States south of Tennessee?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What State east of Kentucky?</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XXXVIII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River in Wisconsin?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Wisconsin River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River in Iowa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Iowa River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River flows through Missouri?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Missouri River.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="342" height="293" src="images/flig30.png" id="flig30.png"
+ title='Western Steamboat.'
+ alt="Steamship Pittsburg under way."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River flows through Arkansas?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Arkansas River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River flows through Tennessee?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Tennessee River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River in Illinois?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Illinois River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where do they all empty?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. All except the Tennessee empty into the Mississippi.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head" id="LESSON_XXXIX">LESSON XXXIX.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">THE WESTERN STATES.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What grow in the Western States?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Corn, Wheat, Rye, and Fruit.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. For what are the Western States noted?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. For fine Rivers and Steamboats.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which of the Western States is noted for Gold?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. California.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="351" height="300" src="images/flig31.png" id="flig31.png"
+ title='Indians in their Canoes conducting Travellers over Rapids.'
+ alt="Two canoes full of dressed-up men and their Indian pilots maneuvering between rocks on a river."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where do the Indians of the United States mostly live?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. In the Western Territories.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What are many of the Indians?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Good farmers and quiet people.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. In what are some of them very expert?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. In conducting travellers past dangerous places.</p>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="557" height="784" src="images/flig32.jpg" id="flig32.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA.'
+ alt="Flat map of South America.">
+</div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XL.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What natural division of land is South America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A Peninsula.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division of the Earth is north of South America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. North America.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean east?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Atlantic Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean west?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Pacific Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Sea north?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Caribbean Sea.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest River in South America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Amazon River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How long is the Amazon?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Four thousand miles.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River further north than the Amazon?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Orinoco River.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XLI</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What River in the southeast?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. La Plata River.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Into what do these Rivers flow?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Into the Atlantic Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What great chain of Mountains in the west?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Andes Mountains.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest Country of South America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Brazil.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Between what two Oceans is South America?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the Caribbean Sea?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where are the West Indies?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where are the Andes?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What three large Rivers in South America?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Name all the Countries of South America.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What three in the north?</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XLII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Isthmus joins North and South America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Isthmus of Darien.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Islands north of South America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. West Indies.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the most southern Country of South America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Patagonia.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="404" height="333" src="images/flig33.png" id="flig33.png"
+ title='Travellers, with their Mules, crossing a Stream.'
+ alt="Three mules in a river; one being ridden and another being coaxed by another man."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Strait south of Patagonia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Strait of Magellan.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is the southern Cape of South America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Cape Horn.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two Oceans meet there?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head" id="LESSON_XLIII">LESSON XLIII.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">SOUTH AMERICA.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. For what is South America noted?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. For the largest rivers and longest mountain-chain in the world.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What can you say of the Andes Mountains?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The tops of some are continually covered with ice and snow; while at the
+foot of the mountains, the heat is very great.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="276" height="321" src="images/flig34.png" id="flig34.png"
+ title='Dangers in travelling over the Andes.'
+ alt="A man leading his horse up a mountain pass while another horse falls back throwing its rider."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What careful animal is used in crossing the Mountains?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The Mule.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What if the mule should lose his foothold?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Both mule and rider might fall and perish.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What take place in South America?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Earthquakes.</p>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="537" height="758" src="images/flig35.jpg" id="flig35.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF EUROPE.'
+ alt="Flat map of Europe.">
+</div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XLIV.</p>
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean north of Europe?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Arctic Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean west of Europe?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Atlantic Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Sea south of Europe?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Mediterranean Sea.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is the Mediterranean Sea?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The largest Sea in the world.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Bay west of France?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Bay of Biscay.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the largest country of Europe?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Russia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which is the smallest?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Switzerland.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two Countries touch Russia on the southwest?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Austria and Turkey.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country south of Turkey?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Greece.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XLV.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two Countries west of the North Sea?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. England and Scotland.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country west of England?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Ireland.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country south of England?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. France.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country south of France?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Spain.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two Oceans touch Europe?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What five large Seas do you find on the map of Europe?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What four Rivers?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Strait connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Cape in the north of Europe?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Gulf east of Italy?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where is the White Sea?</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XLVI.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Sea north of Prussia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Baltic Sea.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Sea south of Russia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Black Sea.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large River runs through Austria and Turkey?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Danube River.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="409" height="307" src="images/flig36.png" id="flig36.png"
+ title='Sleighing in Russia.'
+ alt="A two-horse sleigh in the background and a one-horse sleigh in the forground with a dog running alongside."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Mountains between France and Spain?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Pyrenees Mountains.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Island west of Norway?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Iceland.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Island south of Italy?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Sicily.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head" id="LESSON_XLVII">LESSON XLVII.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">EUROPE.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which, are the most powerful Countries in Europe?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Great Britain, France, and Russia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What great General, a few years ago, led the most powerful army in the
+world?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Napoleon Bonaparte.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Where was he finally overthrown?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. At the Battle of Waterloo, in the year 1815.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What brave man was a Swiss?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. William Tell.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What remarkable building in Italy?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The Leaning Tower.</p>
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="244" height="433" src="images/flig37.png" id="flig37.png"
+ title='Leaning Tower in Italy.'
+ alt="The Leaning Tower."></div>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What law in Prussia about attending school?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Every boy and girl is obliged to attend school regularly.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What can you say of the northern part of Europe?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. It is so cold, that there is good sleighing all the year.</p>
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="565" height="748" src="images/flig38.jpg" id="flig38.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF ASIA.'
+ alt="Flat map of Asia."></div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XLVIII</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What can you say of the size of Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. It is the largest Grand Division of the Earth.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean north of Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Arctic Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean east?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Pacific Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Ocean south?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Indian Ocean.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Sea south of Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Arabian Sea.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Bay south of Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Bay of Bengal.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What four Seas east of Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. China, Yellow, Japan and Ochotsk.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Sea between Arabia and Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Red Sea</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON XLIX.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division of the Earth is west of Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Europe.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division southwest?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Africa.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Country in the northern part of Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Siberia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Empire in the east?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Chinese Empire.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What three Oceans touch Asia?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two Seas between Asia and Europe?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Sea between Asia and Africa</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What two countries of Asia are furthest north?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Between what two Countries is the Persian Gulf?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Cape in the north of Asia?</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON L.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What country in the southeastern part of the Chinese Empire?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. China.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Hindoostan.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country in Asia is furthest southwest?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Arabia.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="432" height="318" src="images/flig39.png" id="flig39.png"
+ title='The Great Wall of China.'
+ alt="A long shot of part of the Great Wall with some men in the foreground."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Mountains between Asia and Europe?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Ural Mountains.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Island south of China Sea?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Borneo.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Island southeast of Borneo?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Australia.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head" id="LESSON_LI">LESSON LI.</p>
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">ASIA.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division of the Earth was first inhabited?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Asia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Who first lived in Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Adam and Eve.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is the color of the Asiatics?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Yellow.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="332" height="321" src="images/flig40.png" id="flig40.png"
+ title='Camels in a Desert.'
+ alt="Two camels and some men in the foreground of a desert camp."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What do many worship?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Idols.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. For what purpose did the Chinese build the Great Wall?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. To defend themselves from their enemies.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What animal is very useful in crossing the Deserts?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The Camel.</p>
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<br>
+<div class="img"><img width="542" height="774" src="images/flig41.jpg" id="flig41.jpg"
+ title='MAP OF AFRICA.'
+ alt="Flat map of Africa."></div>
+<br>
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head" id="LESSON_LII">LESSON LII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division of land is Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A Peninsula.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Between what two Oceans is Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Atlantic and Indian.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division of the Earth north of Africa 2</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Europe.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Sea north of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Mediterranean Sea.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Division of the Earth northeast of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Asia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Sea east of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Red Sea.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Gulf west of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Gulf of Guinea.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large Island southeast of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Madagascar.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON LIII.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country in the northeastern part of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Egypt.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country south of Egypt?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Nubia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country south of Nubia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Abyssinia.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. Which are the largest two Rivers in Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Nile and Niger</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. With what Ocean is the Mediterranean Sea connected?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. With what Ocean is the Red Sea connected?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What three Countries of Africa touch the Red Sea?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large River flows into the Mediterranean Sea?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What large River flows into the Gulf of Guinea?</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. On which side of Africa is Guinea?</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON LIV.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Desert in the northern part of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Sahara, or Great Desert.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Mountains in the centre?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Mountains of the Moon.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Isthmus joins Africa with Asia?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Isthmus of Suez.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="323" height="275" src="images/flig42.png" id="flig42.png"
+ title='A Traveller attacked by a Crocodile.'
+ alt="A man with a crocodile biting his leg being pulled from the water by his guide."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Country in Europe is nearest Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Spain.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Strait between Africa and Spain?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Strait of Gibraltar.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What Cape in the southern part of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Cape of Good Hope.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">LESSON LV.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. The warmest Division of the Earth.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What animals are found in Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Elephants, Lions, and Leopards.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What dangerous reptiles in Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Serpents and Crocodiles.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="img"><img width="429" height="357" src="images/flig43.png" id="flig43.png"
+ title='A Sand Storm in the Desert.'
+ alt="Many men and camels stuck in a heavy sand storm."></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What is a great part of Africa?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. A Desert, or vast Sandy Plain.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. How do men cross the Desert?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. In large companies, called Caravans.</p>
+
+
+<p class="ques">Q. What storms sometimes overtake Caravans?</p>
+
+<p class="ans">A. Storms of scorching sand, raised by the wind.</p>
+
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+<p class="chapter-head">RECAPITULATION.</p>
+
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">OCEANS.</p>
+
+<p><span class="i">Where is?</span></p>
+
+<p>Pacific Ocean &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">West of America</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Atlantic Ocean &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">East of America</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Northern Ocean &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">North of North America</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Southern Ocean &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">South of South America</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Indian Ocean &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">South of Asia</span>.</p>
+
+<HR class="exsmall">
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">RIVERS.</p>
+
+<p><span class="i">Where is?</span></p>
+
+<p>Amazon &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the northern part of S. America</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Mississippi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Missouri &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Ohio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Arkansas &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Connecticut &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Hudson &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the Eastern States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Susquehanna &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Runs through Pennsylvania</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Delaware &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Between Pennsylvania and Delaware</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Volga &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In Russia</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Danube &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Runs through Austria and Turkey</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Nile &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the northeastern part of Africa</span>.</p>
+
+<HR class="exsmall">
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">SEAS</p>
+
+<p><span class="i">Where is?</span></p>
+
+<p>Mediterranean Sea &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Between Europe and Africa</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Black and Caspian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Between Europe and Asia</span>.</p>
+
+<p>North Sea &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">West of Europe</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Baltic Sea &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">West of Russia</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Caribbean Sea &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">North of South America</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Arabian Sea &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">South of Asia</span>.</p>
+
+<p>China Sea &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">South of China</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Red Sea &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Between Africa and Asia</span>.</p>
+
+<HR class="exsmall">
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">GULFS AND BAYS</p>
+
+<p><span class="i">Where is?</span></p>
+
+<p>Baffin's Bay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">West of Greenland</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Hudson's Bay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In British America</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Gulf of Mexico &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">South of the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Bay of Biscay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">West of France</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Gulf of Guinea &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">West of Africa</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Chesapeake Bay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In Maryland</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Delaware Bay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Between New Jersey and Delaware</span>.</p>
+
+<HR class="exsmall">
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">LAKES</p>
+
+<p><span class="i">Where is?</span></p>
+
+<p>Lake Superior &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">North of the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Lake Michigan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the northern part of the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Lake Erie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">North of the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Lake Ontario &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">North of the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<HR class="exsmall">
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">MOUNTAINS.</p>
+
+<p><span class="i">Where are?</span></p>
+
+<p>Rocky &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the western part of N. America</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Andes &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the western part of S. America</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Alleghany &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In the eastern part of the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Green &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In Vermont</span>.</p>
+
+<p>White &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">In New Hampshire</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Ural &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Between Europe and Asia</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Alps &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">North of Italy</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Pyrenees &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Between France and Spain</span>.</p>
+
+<HR class="exsmall">
+
+<p class="chapter-sub">ISLANDS.</p>
+
+<p><span class="i">Where is?</span></p>
+
+<p>Australia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Southeast of Asia</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Iceland &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">East of Greenland</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Cuba &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">South of the United States</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Madagascar &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">Southeast of Africa</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Nova Zembla &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">North of Russia</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Sicily &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="i">South of Italy</span>.</p>
+
+
+<HR class="medium">
+
+<p class="title4">NATIONAL SERIES</p>
+<p class="title5">OF</p>
+<p class="title3">STANDARD SCHOOL BOOKS,</p>
+<p class="title4">PUBLISHED BY A.S. BARNES &amp; CO.,</p>
+<p class="title5">51 JOHN-STREET, NEW YORK.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">R.G. PARKER'S SCHOOL READERS.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">PARKER'S First&mdash;Second&mdash;Third&mdash;Fourth, and Rhetorical Header.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">ORTHOGRAPHY, GRAMMAR, ETC.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">PRICE'S Spelling Book&mdash;WRIGHT'S Analytical Orthography&mdash;MARTIN'S
+Orthoepist&mdash;NORTHEND'S Dictation Exercises&mdash;CLARK'S Analysis&mdash;CLARK'S
+English Grammar and Etymological Chart&mdash;WELCH'S English Sentence&mdash;DAY'S
+Art of Rhetoric.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">ELOCUTIONARY WORKS.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">NORTHEND'S Little Speaker&mdash;American Speaker&mdash;School Dialogues&mdash;ZACHIOS'
+New American Speaker&mdash;PARKER's and ZACHOS' Introductory Lessons.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">WILLARD'S SERIES OF HISTORIES.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">WILLARD'S History of the United States&mdash;Universal History&mdash;Historic
+Guide&mdash;Temple of Time.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">NATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL SERIES.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">MONTEITH'S First Lessons in Geography. MONTEITH'S Youth's Manual of
+Geography. McNALLY's System of School Geography.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">DAVIES' SYSTEM OF MATHEMATICS.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">Table-Book and Primary Arithmetic&mdash;Intellectual Arithmetic&mdash;School
+Arith.&mdash;University Arithmetic&mdash;Elementary Algebra&mdash;-Elementary
+Geometry&mdash;Practical Mathematics&mdash;BOURDON'S Algebra&mdash;LEGENDRE'S
+Geom.&mdash;Surveying&mdash;Analytical Geom.&mdash;Calculus&mdash;Des. Geom.&mdash;Shades,
+Shadows, &amp;c.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">SCHOOL AND COLLEGE PHILOSOPHIES.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">PARKER'S Juvenile Philosophy, Parts 1 &amp; 2&mdash;PARKER'S School
+Compendium&mdash;BARTLETT'S Mechanics&mdash;Optics&mdash;Astronomy.&mdash;Bartlett's
+Analytical Mechanics.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">INTELLECTUAL PHILOSOPHY AND MYTHOLOGY.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">MAHAN'S Intellectual Philosophy&mdash;DWIGHT'S Grecian and Roman Mythology.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">NATURAL SCIENCES, ETC.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">CHAMBERS' Introduction to the Sciences&mdash;Treasury of Knowledge&mdash;CLARK'S
+Drawing&mdash;REID and BAIN'S Chemistry&mdash;HAMILTON'S Physiology&mdash;CHAMBERS'
+Zoology&mdash;PAGE'S Geology&mdash;McINTYRE on the Globes&mdash;GILLESPIE on
+Road-making&mdash;GREGORY'S Chemistry&mdash;CHURCH'S Calcalus&mdash;CHURCH'S Anal.
+Geom.&mdash;COURTENAY'S Calculus&mdash;HACKLEY'S Trigonometry&mdash;Manual of Fine
+Arts&mdash;LARDNER on the Steam Engine.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">PENMANSHIP AND BOOK-KEEPING.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">FULTON &amp; EASTMAN'S System, with the Chirographic Charts.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">MUSIC FOR SCHOOLS.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">KINGSLEY'S Juvenile Choir&mdash;Kingsley's Young Ladies' Harp&mdash;SHERWOOD'S
+School Song and Hymn Book&mdash;Sabbath-School Gems&mdash;Christian Melodies.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">BROOKS' CLASSICS.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">Latin Lessons&mdash;Greek Lessons&mdash;Collectanea Evangelica&mdash;Ovid.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">THE ENGLISH POETS, WITH BOYD'S NOTES.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">MILTON'S Paradise Lost&mdash;POLLOK'S Course of Time&mdash;YOUNG'S Night
+Thoughts&mdash;THOMSON'S Seasons&mdash;COWPER'S Task, Conversation, &amp;c.</p>
+
+
+<p class="appendix">LIBRARY OF REFERENCE FOR TEACHERS.</p>
+
+<p class="appendix">PAGE'S Theory and Practice of Teaching&mdash;NORTHEND'S Teacher and
+Parent&mdash;MANSFIELD on American Education&mdash;DE TOCQUEVILLE'S American
+Institutions&mdash;DAVIES' Logic and Utility of Mathematics&mdash;WATTS on
+the Improvement of the Mind&mdash;Cyclopedia of Geography&mdash;Cyclopedia of
+Chronology&mdash;Cyclopedia of Biography&mdash;Cyclopedia of Useful
+Arts&mdash;Cyclopedia of Literature and Fine Arts&mdash;Cyclopedia of Europe.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" noshade>
+<pre>
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FIRST LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY***
+
+******* This file should be named 11722-h.txt or 11722-h.zip *******
+
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br />
+<a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/1/1/7/2/11722">https://www.gutenberg.org/1/1/7/2/11722</a>
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+<a href="https://gutenberg.org/license">https://gutenberg.org/license)</a>.
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS,' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+Each eBook is in a subdirectory of the same number as the eBook's
+eBook number, often in several formats including plain vanilla ASCII,
+compressed (zipped), HTML and others.
+
+Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks replace the old file and take over
+the old filename and etext number.  The replaced older file is renamed.
+VERSIONS based on separate sources are treated as new eBooks receiving
+new filenames and etext numbers.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+<a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">https://www.gutenberg.org</a>
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+EBooks posted prior to November 2003, with eBook numbers BELOW #10000,
+are filed in directories based on their release date.  If you want to
+download any of these eBooks directly, rather than using the regular
+search system you may utilize the following addresses and just
+download by the etext year.
+
+<a href="http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/etext06">http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/etext06</a>
+
+    (Or /etext 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00, 99,
+     98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 92, 91 or 90)
+
+EBooks posted since November 2003, with etext numbers OVER #10000, are
+filed in a different way.  The year of a release date is no longer part
+of the directory path.  The path is based on the etext number (which is
+identical to the filename).  The path to the file is made up of single
+digits corresponding to all but the last digit in the filename.  For
+example an eBook of filename 10234 would be found at:
+
+https://www.gutenberg.org/1/0/2/3/10234
+
+or filename 24689 would be found at:
+https://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/6/8/24689
+
+An alternative method of locating eBooks:
+<a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/GUTINDEX.ALL">https://www.gutenberg.org/GUTINDEX.ALL</a>
+
+*** END: FULL LICENSE ***
+</pre>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig01.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig01.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cf6c6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig01.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig02.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig02.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf0dc0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig02.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig03.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig03.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a7a8db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig03.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig04.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig04.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e83a490
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig04.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig05.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig05.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0601b9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig05.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig06.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig06.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32cdacb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig06.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig07.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig07.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3de9ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig07.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig08.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig08.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3273848
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig08.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig09.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig09.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b1cc79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig09.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig10.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig10.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffca14a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig10.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig11.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig11.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffe621d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig11.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig12.jpg b/old/11722-h/images/flig12.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1968a03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig12.jpg
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig13.jpg b/old/11722-h/images/flig13.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f2f781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig13.jpg
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig14.jpg b/old/11722-h/images/flig14.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4701444
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig14.jpg
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig15.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig15.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4be537
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig15.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig16.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig16.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..338a197
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig16.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig17.jpg b/old/11722-h/images/flig17.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e80acc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig17.jpg
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig18.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig18.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37b79b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig18.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig19.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig19.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51e9983
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig19.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig20.jpg b/old/11722-h/images/flig20.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..645bdc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig20.jpg
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig21.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig21.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee2be5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig21.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig22.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig22.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72ecc16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig22.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig23.jpg b/old/11722-h/images/flig23.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..596096f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig23.jpg
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig24.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig24.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e952454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig24.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig25.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig25.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..762e95e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig25.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig26.jpg b/old/11722-h/images/flig26.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18e8902
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig26.jpg
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig27.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig27.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..995be01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig27.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig28.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig28.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05cc016
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig28.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig29.jpg b/old/11722-h/images/flig29.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd9fdff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig29.jpg
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig30.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig30.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..158012f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig30.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig31.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig31.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3060827
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig31.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig32.jpg b/old/11722-h/images/flig32.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9a3e67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig32.jpg
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig33.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig33.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fa8b69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig33.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig34.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig34.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6d32f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig34.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig35.jpg b/old/11722-h/images/flig35.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f10906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig35.jpg
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig36.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig36.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9246409
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig36.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig37.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig37.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86531b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig37.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig38.jpg b/old/11722-h/images/flig38.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d61352
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig38.jpg
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig39.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig39.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ff19f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig39.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig40.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig40.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..805b7fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig40.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig41.jpg b/old/11722-h/images/flig41.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac86070
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig41.jpg
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig42.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig42.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..478c924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig42.png
diff --git a/old/11722-h/images/flig43.png b/old/11722-h/images/flig43.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b929ac9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722-h/images/flig43.png
diff --git a/old/11722.txt b/old/11722.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..456b322
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3150 @@
+The Project Gutenberg eBook, First Lessons In Geography, by James Monteith
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: First Lessons In Geography
+
+Author: James Monteith
+
+Release Date: March 25, 2004  [eBook #11722]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: US-ASCII
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FIRST LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Justin Gillbank and Project Gutenberg Distributed
+Proofreaders from images provided by Internet Archive Children's Library
+and University of Florida
+
+
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original illustrations.
+      See 11722-h.htm or 11722-h.zip:
+      (http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/1/1/7/2/11722/11722-h/11722-h.htm)
+      or
+      (http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/1/1/7/2/11722/11722-h.zip)
+
+      Images of the original pages are available through the Florida
+      Board of Education, Division of Colleges and Universities,
+      PALMM Project, 2001. (Preservation and Access for American and
+      British Children's Literature, 1850-1869.) See
+      http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/dl/UF00000411.jpg
+      or
+      http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/dl/UF00000411.pdf
+
+
+
+
+NATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL SERIES.--NO. 1.
+
+FIRST LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY;
+
+Or, Introduction to "Youth's Manual of Geography."
+
+By JAMES MONTEITH
+
+1856
+
+
+
+
+NATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL SERIES.
+
+
+No. 1.--MONTEITH'S FIRST LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY, for Beginners.
+
+No. 2.--MONTEITH'S YOUTH'S MANUAL OF GEOGRAPHY, for Junior
+and Intermediate Classes.
+
+No. 3.--McNALLY'S SYSTEM OF GEOGRAPHY, for Advanced Classes in
+Schools, Academies, and Seminaries.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The above Books, which are written by Practical Teachers, constitute the
+most complete GEOGRAPHICAL SCHOOL SERIES extant; and they are so adapted
+to each other, that the learner advances from one to the other with
+satisfaction and success.
+
+A.S. BARNES & CO.
+
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+It is evident, that to secure a complete system of teaching Geography in
+our Schools, there should be at least three grades of Text-books; namely,
+INTRODUCTORY, INTERMEDIATE, and ADVANCED. As the necessity for a Geography
+more introductory in its character than those now in use has been
+long felt, the Author would respectfully solicit the notice of his
+fellow-teachers to this little work.
+
+Its plan is such, that the subject is presented in the most simple form.
+
+It treats of GENERAL FEATURES, such as the locality and description of
+Continents, Countries, States, Rivers, Mountains, &c., without dwelling
+prematurely upon the minute details that embarrass the learner in his first
+effort.
+
+The EXERCISES are arranged in Question and Answer.
+
+The MAPS are free from all meridians, parallels of latitude, and any
+superabundance of names; thereby giving a greater prominence to the general
+divisions of land and water.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+DEFINITIONS.
+
+
+MAP OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE.
+
+MAP OF THE EASTERN HEMISPHERE.
+
+MAP OF NORTH AMERICA.
+
+MAP OF THE UNITED STATES.
+
+MAP OF THE EASTERN STATES.
+
+MAP OF THE MIDDLE STATES.
+
+MAP OF THE SOUTHERN STATES.
+
+MAP OF THE WESTERN STATES.
+
+MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA.
+
+MAP OF EUROPE.
+
+MAP OF ASIA.
+
+MAP OF AFRICA.
+
+[Illustration: Excelsior.]
+
+HISTORY OF NORTH AMERICA.
+
+HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES.
+
+HISTORY OF THE EASTERN STATES.
+
+HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE STATES.
+
+HISTORY OF THE SOUTHERN STATES.
+
+HISTORY OF THE WESTERN STATES.
+
+HISTORY OF SOUTH AMERICA.
+
+HISTORY OF EUROPE.
+
+HISTORY OF ASIA.
+
+HISTORY OF AFRICA.
+
+
+
+
+FIRST LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY.
+
+[Illustration: Going to School.]
+
+LESSON I.
+
+
+Q. What is Geography?
+
+A. A description of the Earth's surface.
+
+
+Q. What is the Earth?
+
+A. The planet or body on which we live.
+
+
+Q. What is the shape of the Earth?
+
+A. Round, like a ball.
+
+
+Q. Of what is the Earth composed?
+
+A. Land and Water.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON II.
+
+
+Q. What is a Continent?
+
+A. The largest division of the land.
+
+
+Q. How many Continents are there?
+
+A. Two; the Eastern and the Western.
+
+
+Q. On which Continent do we live?
+
+A. On the Western Continent.
+
+
+Q. What are the divisions of the Western Continent?
+
+A. North America and South America.
+
+
+[Illustration: Map of the World.]
+
+
+Q. What are the divisions of the Eastern Continent?
+
+A. Europe, Asia, and Africa.
+
+
+Q. What is an Ocean?
+
+A. The largest division of the water.
+
+
+Q. How many Oceans are there?
+
+A. Five; Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern or Antarctic, Northern or
+Arctic.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON III.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest Ocean?
+
+A. The Pacific Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What is an Island?
+
+A. A portion of land _entirely_ surrounded by water.
+
+
+Q. What is a Peninsula?
+
+A. A portion of land _almost_ surrounded by water.
+
+
+[Illustration: The Earth.]
+
+
+Q. What is a Lake?
+
+A. A body of water almost surrounded by land.
+
+
+Q. What is an Isthmus?
+
+A. A neck joining two larger portions of land.
+
+
+Q. What is a Strait?
+
+A. A passage connecting two larger bodies of water.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON IV.
+
+
+Q. What is a Cape?
+
+A. A point of land extending into the water.
+
+
+Q. What is a Mountain?
+
+A. A vast elevation of land.
+
+
+Q. What is a Hill?
+
+A. A small elevation of land.
+
+
+[Illustration: Studying Geography.]
+
+
+Q. What is a Volcano?
+
+A. A mountain which sends out fire, smoke, and lava.
+
+
+Q. What is a Valley?
+
+A. The low land between hills or mountains.
+
+
+Q. What is a Plain?
+
+A. A level tract of land.
+
+
+Q. What is a Desert?
+
+A. A barren region of country.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON V.
+
+
+Q. What is a Sea?
+
+A. The division of water, the next in size to an ocean.
+
+
+Q. What is a Gulf or Bay?
+
+A. A body of water extending into the land.
+
+
+Q. What is a River?
+
+A. A stream of water flowing through the land.
+
+
+[Illustration: A River. A Windmill.]
+
+
+Q. By what are Rivers formed?
+
+A. By Springs.
+
+
+Q. What is a Spring?
+
+A. Water flowing from the ground.
+
+
+Q. What are Small Streams called?
+
+A. Brooks and Creeks.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON VI.
+
+
+Q. Who governs an Empire?
+
+A. An Emperor.
+
+
+Q. Who governs a Kingdom?
+
+A. A King or a Queen.
+
+
+Q. Who governs a Republic?
+
+A. Men elected by the People.
+
+
+[Illustration: A Caravan crossing a Desert.]
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest Empire in the world?
+
+A. Russia.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest Kingdom in the world?
+
+A. Great Britain.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest Republic in the world?
+
+A. The United States.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON VII.
+
+
+[Illustration: {Map created for questions in the lesson.}]
+
+
+Q. What is a Map?
+
+A. A picture of the whole, or a part, of the Earth's Surface.
+
+
+Q. What are the directions on a Map?
+
+A. Toward the top, North; toward the bottom, South; to the right, East; to
+the left, West.
+
+
+Q. In what direction from the centre of the picture is the Island?
+
+A. North.
+
+
+Q. In what direction is the Volcano? The Cape?
+
+
+Q. The Bay? The Lake? The Strait? The Mountains?
+
+
+Q. The Isthmus?
+
+
+Q. What is in the East? In the West? In the South? In the North? In the
+Northwest? In the Southeast? In the Northeast? In the Southwest?
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE.]
+
+
+LESSON VIII.
+
+
+Q. In what Division of the Earth do we live?
+
+A. In North America.
+
+
+Q. What Division south of North America?
+
+A. South America.
+
+
+Q. When you look at the rising Sun, what Ocean is before you?
+
+A. Atlantic Ocean.
+
+
+Q. Where does the Sun rise?
+
+A. In the East.
+
+
+Q. Where, then, is the Atlantic Ocean?
+
+A. East of America.
+
+
+Q. When you look at the setting Sun, what Ocean is before you?
+
+A. Pacific Ocean.
+
+
+Q. Where does the Sun set?
+
+A. In the West.
+
+
+Q. Where is the Pacific Ocean?
+
+A. West of America.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean north of America?
+
+A. Northern Ocean.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON IX.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean south of America?
+
+A. Southern Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Isthmus joins South America to North America?
+
+A. Isthmus of Darien.
+
+
+Q. Which is the most northern Country of North America?
+
+A. Greenland.
+
+
+Q. What Bay west of Greenland?
+
+A. Baffin's Bay
+
+
+Q. Do you live in North America or in South America?
+
+
+Q. What Ocean east of America?
+
+
+Q. What Ocean west of America?
+
+
+Q. Where is the Northern Ocean?
+
+
+Q. Where is the Southern Ocean?
+
+
+Q. In what Ocean are the Sandwich Islands?
+
+
+Q. In what Ocean are the Cape Verd Islands?
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF THE EASTERN HEMISPHERE.]
+
+
+LESSON X.
+
+
+Q. What are the Divisions of the Eastern Continent?
+
+A. Europe, Asia, and Africa.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest?
+
+A. Asia.
+
+
+Q. Which is the smallest?
+
+A. Europe.
+
+
+Q. Which is furthest to the right, or east?
+
+A. Asia.
+
+
+Q. Which is furthest south?
+
+A. Africa.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean east of Asia?
+
+A. Pacific Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean south of Asia?
+
+A. Indian Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean west of Africa?
+
+A. Atlantic Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Sea south of Europe?
+
+A. Mediterranean Sea.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XI
+
+
+Q. What Sea east of Africa?
+
+A. Red Sea.
+
+
+Q. What Cape in the south of Africa?
+
+A. Cape of Good Hope.
+
+
+Q. What Division of the Earth is composed of Islands?
+
+A. Oceanica.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest Island in the World?
+
+A. Australia.
+
+
+Q. What Oceans do you find on the Eastern Hemisphere?
+
+
+Q. What Division between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans?
+
+
+Q. What Division west of Asia?
+
+
+Q. What Division south of Europe?
+
+
+Q. Between what Divisions is the Mediterranean Sea?
+
+
+Q. Between what is the Red Sea?
+
+
+Q. Where is the Cape of Good Hope?
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF NORTH AMERICA.]
+
+
+LESSON XII.
+
+
+Q. What three Oceans around North America?
+
+A. Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific.
+
+
+Q. What Country furthest north?
+
+A. Greenland.
+
+
+Q. What Country furthest south?
+
+A. Central America.
+
+
+Q. In what Country do we live?
+
+A. In the United States.
+
+
+Q. What Country north of the United States?
+
+A. British America.
+
+
+Q. What Country south of the United States?
+
+A. Mexico.
+
+
+Q. What Country in the northwest?
+
+A. Russian America.
+
+
+Q. What Peninsula in the south?
+
+A. Yucatan.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XIII.
+
+
+Q. Between what two Oceans is the United States?
+
+A. Atlantic and Pacific.
+
+
+Q. What Bay west of Greenland?
+
+A. Baffin's Bay.
+
+
+Q. What Bay in British America?
+
+A. Hudson's Bay.
+
+
+Q. What large Sea southeast of North America?
+
+A. Caribbean Sea.
+
+
+Q. Which are the largest two Countries of North America?
+
+
+Q. Between what two Countries is the United States?
+
+
+Q. In what Country is Hudson's Bay?
+
+
+Q. Between what two Countries is Baffin's Bay?
+
+
+Q. What large Island southeast of the United States?
+
+
+Q. Where is Cape Farewell?
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XIV.
+
+
+Q. What large Gulf south of the United States?
+
+A. Gulf of Mexico.
+
+
+Q. Where is the Gulf of Mexico?
+
+A. South of the United States.
+
+
+Q. What two great Rivers in the United States?
+
+A. Mississippi and Missouri.
+
+
+[Illustration: Icebergs near Greenland.]
+
+
+Q. What Mountains in the western part of N. America?
+
+A. Rocky Mountains.
+
+
+Q. Where are the Rocky Mountains?
+
+A. In the western part of N. America
+
+
+Q. What Island east of Greenland?
+
+A. Iceland.
+
+
+Q. Where is Iceland?
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XV.
+
+NORTH AMERICA.
+
+
+Q. By whom was America discovered?
+
+A. By Columbus; about 360 years ago.
+
+
+Q. What kind of People did he find here?
+
+A. Dark-colored Savages.
+
+
+Q. What did Columbus name them?
+
+A. Indians.
+
+
+[Illustration: Columbus discovering America.]
+
+
+Q. After whom was America named?
+
+A. A man named Americus.
+
+
+Q. What can you say of the Northern part of N. America?
+
+A. It is very cold.
+
+
+Q. What of the Southern part of N. America?
+
+A. It is very warm.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF THE UNITED STATES.]
+
+
+LESSON XVI.
+
+
+Q. How many States are there? 31.
+
+
+Q. How are they divided?
+
+A. Into Eastern, Middle, Western, and Southern States.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest State?
+
+A. Texas.
+
+
+Q. Which is the smallest State?
+
+A. Rhode Island.
+
+
+Q. What State on the Pacific?
+
+A. California.
+
+
+Q. What State in the north, almost surrounded by Lakes?
+
+A. Michigan.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest of these Lakes?
+
+A. Lake Superior.
+
+
+Q. What Lake east of Michigan?
+
+A. Lake Huron.
+
+
+Q. What Lake west of Michigan?
+
+A. Lake Michigan.
+
+
+Q. What River west of Texas?
+
+A. Rio Grande.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XVII.
+
+
+Q. What large River flows south into the Gulf of Mexico?
+
+A. Mississippi River.
+
+
+Q. What large Rivers flow into the Mississippi?
+
+A. Missouri, Ohio, Arkansas, and Red.
+
+
+Q. What River between Texas and Mexico?
+
+A. Rio Grande.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean east of the United States?
+
+
+Q. What Ocean west?
+
+
+Q. What Country south?
+
+
+Q. What Gulf south?
+
+
+Q. In what State do you live?
+
+
+Q. What States touch your State?
+
+
+Q. Where is Lake Superior?
+
+
+Q. What Lake in Utah?
+
+
+Q. Into what does the Ohio flow?
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XVIII.
+
+
+Q. Which State is furthest northeast?
+
+A. Maine.
+
+
+Q. Where is Maine?
+
+A. In the northeastern part of the United States.
+
+
+Q. Which State is furthest south?
+
+A. Florida.
+
+
+[Illustration: Locomotive. Telegraph. Steamship.]
+
+
+Q. Between what Ocean and Gulf is Florida?
+
+
+Q. What State is furthest west?
+
+A. California.
+
+
+Q. Where is California?
+
+
+Q. What States touch the Mississippi River?
+
+
+Q. What States touch the Gulf of Mexico?
+
+
+Q. How many Territories are there?
+
+A. Eight.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest Territory?
+
+A. Nebraska.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XIX.
+
+THE UNITED STATES.
+
+
+Q. What are the people of the United States called?
+
+A. Americans.
+
+
+Q. Who governed this Country about 80 years ago?
+
+A. The King of England.
+
+
+Q. How did the Americans obtain their freedom?
+
+A. By a war which lasted nearly eight years.
+
+
+[Illustration: Settlers attacked by Indians.]
+
+
+Q. What great man led the American army?
+
+A. George Washington, who became the first President.
+
+
+Q. How has this Country increased?
+
+A. From 13 to 31 States.
+
+
+Q. What troubles had the settlers of this Country?
+
+A. Many were murdered by the Indians.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XX.
+
+CAPITALS.
+
+
+CAPITAL OF THE UNITED STATES,
+
+WASHINGTON,                       on the    Potomac River.
+
+
+EASTERN STATES.
+
+  States.          Capitals.                  Situation.
+
+MAINE,           Augusta,         on the    Kennebec.
+
+NEW HAMPSHIRE,   Concord,         on the    Merrimac.
+
+VERMONT,         Montpelier,      on the    Onion.
+
+MASSACHUSETTS,   Boston,          on the    Boston Harbor.
+
+RHODE ISLAND,    Providence,      on the    Providence Bay.
+                 Newport,         on the    Rhode Island.
+
+CONNECTICUT,*    Hartford,        on the    Connecticut.
+                 New Haven,       on the    New Haven Bay.
+
+      * kon-net'e-kut.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXI.
+
+MIDDLE STATES.
+
+
+  States.          Capitals.                  Situation.
+
+NEW YORK,        Albany,          on the    Hudson.
+
+NEW JERSEY,      Trenton,         on the    Delaware.
+
+PENNSYLVANIA,    Harrisburg,      on the    Susquehanna.
+
+DELAWARE,        Dover,           on the    Jones' Creek.
+
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXII.
+
+SOUTHERN STATES.
+
+
+  States.          Capitals.                  Situation.
+
+MARYLAND,        Annapolis,       on the    Severn.
+
+VIRGINIA,        Richmond,        on the    James.
+
+NORTH CAROLINA,  Raleigh,       near the    Neuse.
+
+SOUTH CAROLINA,  Columbia,        on the    Congaree.
+
+GEORGIA,         Milledgeville,   on the    Oconee.
+
+FLORIDA,         Tallahassee,               Inland.
+
+ALABAMA,         Montgomery,      on the    Alabama.
+
+MISSISSIPPI,     Jackson,         on the    Pearl.
+
+LOUISIANA,       Baton Rouge,*    on the    Mississippi.
+
+TEXAS,           Austin,          on the    Colorado.
+
+      * bat' on-roozh.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXIII.
+
+WESTERN STATES.
+
+
+  States.          Capitals.                  Situation.
+
+ARKANSAS,        Little Rock,     on the    Arkansas.
+
+TENNESSEE,       Nashville,       on the    Cumberland.
+
+KENTUCKY,        Frankfort,       on the    Kentucky.
+
+OHIO,            Columbus,        on the    Sciota.
+
+MICHIGAN,        Lansing,         on the    Grand.
+
+INDIANA,         Indianapolis,    on the    West Fork of the White.
+
+ILLINOIS,(oy)    Springfield,   near the    Sangamon.*
+
+WISCONSIN,       Madison,         on the    Fourth Lake.
+
+IOWA,            Iowa City,       on the    Iowa.
+
+MISSOURI,        Jefferson City,  on the    Missouri.
+
+CALIFORNIA,      Sacramento,      on the    Sacramento.
+
+      * sang'ga-mon.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF THE EASTERN STATES.]
+
+
+LESSON XXIV.
+
+
+Q. How many Eastern States are there?
+
+A. Six.
+
+
+Q. What two States north of Massachusetts?
+
+A. New Hampshire and Vermont.
+
+
+Q. What two States south of Massachusetts?
+
+A. Connecticut and Rhode Island.
+
+
+Q. What State west?
+
+A. New York.
+
+
+Q. What large River between Vermont and New Hampshire?
+
+A. Connecticut River.
+
+
+Q. Through what States does it flow?
+
+A. Massachusetts and Connecticut.
+
+
+Q. What Rivers in Maine?
+
+A. Kennebec and Penobscot.
+
+
+Q. What River in New Hampshire?
+
+A. Merrimac River.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXV.
+
+
+Q. Through what other State does the Merrimac flow?
+
+A. Massachusetts.
+
+
+Q. What Mountains in Vermont?
+
+A. Green Mountains.
+
+
+Q. Where are the White Mountains?
+
+A. In New Hampshire.
+
+
+Q. What large Sound south of Connecticut?
+
+A. Long Island Sound
+
+
+Q. Name the Eastern States.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest?
+
+
+Q. Which is the smallest?
+
+
+Q. Where are the Green Mountains?
+
+
+Q. What large River flows into Long Island Sound?
+
+
+Q. What Cape in the eastern part of Massachusetts?
+
+
+Q. What three Rivers flow into the Atlantic Ocean?
+
+
+Q. Describe the Connecticut River.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXVI.
+
+
+Q. What Country north of the Eastern States?
+
+A. Canada.
+
+
+Q. What State west?
+
+A. New York.
+
+
+Q. What large Island south of Connecticut?
+
+A. Long Island.
+
+
+[Illustration: Canal. Factories. Cattle.]
+
+
+Q. Where is Long Island?
+
+A. South of Connecticut.
+
+
+Q. What Lake between Vermont and New York?
+
+A. Lake Champlain.
+
+
+Q. Where is Lake Champlain?
+
+A. Between Vermont and New York.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXVII.
+
+EASTERN STATES.
+
+
+Q. What are these six States together called?
+
+A. New England.
+
+
+Q. Who first came to New England?
+
+A. People from England, called Puritans.
+
+
+Q. For what are some of these States noted?
+
+A. For Woolen and Cotton Manufactures.
+
+
+[Illustration: Lumber of Maine.]
+
+
+Q. What is obtained from Maine?
+
+A. Lumber.
+
+
+Q. For what animals is Vermont noted?
+
+A. For Sheep.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest City in New England?
+
+A. Boston.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF THE MIDDLE STATES.]
+
+
+LESSON XXVIII.
+
+
+Q. How many Middle States are there?
+
+A. Four.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest?
+
+A. New York.
+
+
+Q. Which is next in size?
+
+A. Pennsylvania.
+
+
+Q. Which is the next?
+
+A. New Jersey.
+
+
+Q. Which is the smallest?
+
+A. Delaware.
+
+
+Q. What Country north of New York?
+
+A. Canada.
+
+
+Q. What two Lakes on the west?
+
+A. Ontario and Erie.
+
+
+Q. What two large Rivers in the eastern part of New York?
+
+A. Hudson and Mohawk.
+
+
+Q. What large River in the western part of New York?
+
+A. Genesee River.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXIX.
+
+
+Q. What large River flows through Pennsylvania?
+
+A. Susquehanna River.
+
+
+Q. What large River flows northeast from Lake Ontario?
+
+A. St. Lawrence River.
+
+
+Q. What Mountains in New York?
+
+A. Catskill and Highlands.
+
+
+Q. What large City in New York?
+
+A. New York.
+
+
+Q. Name the Middle States.
+
+
+Q. What States south of New York?
+
+
+Q. What States east of New York?
+
+
+Q. Where is Lake Erie?
+
+
+Q. Where is Lake Ontario?
+
+
+Q. Where is the Hudson River?
+
+
+Q. Where is the St. Lawrence?
+
+
+Q. Into what Lake does the Genesee River flow?
+
+
+Q. What Lake northeast of New York?
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXX.
+
+
+Q. What River between Pennsylvania and New Jersey?
+
+A. Delaware River.
+
+
+Q. Where is the Delaware River?
+
+A. Between Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
+
+
+Q. What Bay between New Jersey and Delaware?
+
+A. Delaware Bay.
+
+
+[Illustration: Train of cars in full speed.]
+
+
+Q. Where is the Delaware Bay?
+
+A. Between New Jersey and Delaware.
+
+
+Q. What large Bay in Maryland?
+
+A. Chesapeake Bay.
+
+
+Q. What Mountains in Pennsylvania?
+
+A. Alleghany and Blue Ridge.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXXI.
+
+THE MIDDLE STATES.
+
+
+Q. For what are the Middle States noted?
+
+A. For Canals and Railroads.
+
+
+Q. What Waterfall between Lakes Erie and Ontario?
+
+A. Niagara Falls.
+
+
+Q. What do we get from Pennsylvania?
+
+A. Coal and Iron.
+
+
+[Illustration: Coal Mines.]
+
+
+Q. What does the word Pennsylvania mean?
+
+A. Penn's Woods.
+
+
+Q. Who was William Penn?
+
+A. A Quaker from England, who was good and just to the Indians.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest City in Pennsylvania?
+
+A. Philadelphia.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF THE SOUTHERN STATES.]
+
+
+LESSON XXXII.
+
+
+Q. How many Southern States are there?
+
+A. Ten.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest?
+
+A. Texas.
+
+
+Q. Which is furthest south?
+
+A. Florida.
+
+
+Q. What division of land is Florida?
+
+A. A Peninsula.
+
+
+Q. What Island south of Florida?
+
+A. Cuba.
+
+
+Q. What States north of Florida?
+
+A. Georgia and Alabama.
+
+
+Q. What River touches Virginia?
+
+A. Ohio River.
+
+
+Q. What River flows through the northern part of Alabama?
+
+A. Tennessee River.
+
+
+Q. Into what River does the Tennessee flow?
+
+A. Into the Ohio River.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXXIII.
+
+
+Q. What State east of Maryland?
+
+A. Delaware.
+
+
+Q. What State west of North Carolina?
+
+A. Tennessee.
+
+
+Q. What River between South Carolina and Georgia?
+
+A. Savannah River.
+
+
+Q. Into what does it flow?
+
+A. Into the Atlantic Ocean.
+
+
+Q. Name the Southern States.
+
+
+Q. Name the States that touch the Atlantic Ocean.
+
+
+Q. Name the States that touch the Gulf of Mexico.
+
+
+Q. What two Southern States touch the Mississippi River?
+
+
+Q. Between what Ocean and Gulf is Florida?
+
+
+Q. Where is Cape Sable?
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXXIV.
+
+
+Q. What Mountains in the Southern States?
+
+A. Cumberland, Alleghany, and Blue Ridge.
+
+
+Q. What large Island south of Florida?
+
+A. Cuba.
+
+
+Q. Where is Cuba?
+
+A. South of Florida.
+
+
+[Illustration: Sugar. Tobacco. Cotton.]
+
+
+Q. What Strait between Florida and Cuba?
+
+A. Florida Strait.
+
+
+Q. Where is Florida Strait?
+
+A. Between Florida and Cuba.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean and Gulf does it connect?
+
+A. Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXXV.
+
+THE SOUTHERN STATES.
+
+
+Q. What is the Climate of the Southern States?
+
+A. Warm.
+
+
+Q. What do the Planters of the Southern States own?
+
+A. Large plantations cultivated by slaves.
+
+
+Q. What are raised on these plantations?
+
+A. Sugar, Tobacco, and Cotton.
+
+
+[Illustration: Catching Wild Horses with the Lasso.]
+
+
+Q. From what State does most of the Sugar come?
+
+A. Louisiana.
+
+
+Q. What Presidents were born in Virginia?
+
+A. Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Harrison, and Taylor.
+
+
+Q. How are wild horses caught?
+
+A. By means of a leather rope called a Lasso.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF THE WESTERN STATES.]
+
+
+LESSON XXXVI.
+
+
+Q. How many Western States are there?
+
+A. Eleven.
+
+
+Q. What two are furthest north?
+
+A. Michigan and Wisconsin.
+
+
+Q. What three lie on the west side of the Mississippi River?
+
+A. Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas.
+
+
+Q. What three lie on the north side of the Ohio River?
+
+A. Ohio, Indiana, Illinois.
+
+
+Q. What two south of the Ohio?
+
+A. Kentucky and Tennessee.
+
+
+Q. What Lake north of Michigan?
+
+A. Lake Superior.
+
+
+Q. What Lake east of Michigan?
+
+A. Lake Huron.
+
+
+Q. What Lake west of Michigan?
+
+A. Lake Michigan.
+
+
+Q. What Lake north of Ohio?
+
+A. Lake Erie.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXXVII.
+
+
+Q. What Western State does not appear on this map?
+
+A. California.
+
+
+Q. What four great Rivers flow through the Western States?
+
+A. Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri, and Arkansas.
+
+
+Q. In what direction do nearly all the Rivers in
+the Western States flow?
+
+A. Toward the Mississippi.
+
+
+Q. Name the Western States.
+
+
+Q. What four large Lakes touch the Western States?
+
+
+Q. Name the largest four Rivers in the Western States.
+
+
+Q. What River in Ohio?
+
+
+Q. What River between Indiana and Illinois?
+
+
+Q. What States south of Tennessee?
+
+
+Q. What State east of Kentucky?
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXXVIII.
+
+
+Q. What River in Wisconsin?
+
+A. Wisconsin River.
+
+
+Q. What River in Iowa?
+
+A. Iowa River.
+
+
+Q. What River flows through Missouri?
+
+A. Missouri River.
+
+
+[ILLUSTRATION: Western Steamboat.]
+
+
+Q. What River flows through Arkansas?
+
+A. Arkansas River.
+
+
+Q. What River flows through Tennessee?
+
+A. Tennessee River.
+
+
+Q. What River in Illinois?
+
+A. Illinois River.
+
+
+Q. Where do they all empty?
+
+A. All except the Tennessee empty into the Mississippi.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XXXIX.
+
+THE WESTERN STATES.
+
+
+Q. What grow in the Western States?
+
+A. Corn, Wheat, Rye, and Fruit.
+
+
+Q. For what are the Western States noted?
+
+A. For fine Rivers and Steamboats.
+
+
+Q. Which of the Western States is noted for Gold?
+
+A. California.
+
+
+[Illustration: Indians in their Canoes conducting Travellers over Rapids.]
+
+
+Q. Where do the Indians of the United States mostly live?
+
+A. In the Western Territories.
+
+
+Q. What are many of the Indians?
+
+A. Good farmers and quiet people.
+
+
+Q. In what are some of them very expert?
+
+A. In conducting travellers past dangerous places.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA.]
+
+
+LESSON XL.
+
+
+Q. What natural division of land is South America?
+
+A. A Peninsula.
+
+
+Q. What Division of the Earth is north of South America?
+
+A. North America.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean east?
+
+A. Atlantic Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean west?
+
+A. Pacific Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Sea north?
+
+A. Caribbean Sea.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest River in South America?
+
+A. Amazon River.
+
+
+Q. How long is the Amazon?
+
+A. Four thousand miles.
+
+
+Q. What River further north than the Amazon?
+
+A. Orinoco River.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XLI
+
+
+Q. What River in the southeast?
+
+A. La Plata River.
+
+
+Q. Into what do these Rivers flow?
+
+A. Into the Atlantic Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What great chain of Mountains in the west?
+
+A. Andes Mountains.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest Country of South America?
+
+A. Brazil.
+
+
+Q. Between what two Oceans is South America?
+
+
+Q. Where is the Caribbean Sea?
+
+
+Q. Where are the West Indies?
+
+
+Q. Where are the Andes?
+
+
+Q. What three large Rivers in South America?
+
+
+Q. Name all the Countries of South America.
+
+
+Q. What three in the north?
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XLII.
+
+
+Q. What Isthmus joins North and South America?
+
+A. Isthmus of Darien.
+
+
+Q. What Islands north of South America?
+
+A. West Indies.
+
+
+Q. Which is the most southern Country of South America?
+
+A. Patagonia.
+
+
+[Illustration: Travellers, with their Mules, crossing a Stream.]
+
+
+Q. What Strait south of Patagonia?
+
+A. Strait of Magellan.
+
+
+Q. What is the southern Cape of South America?
+
+A. Cape Horn.
+
+
+Q. What two Oceans meet there?
+
+A. Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XLIII.
+
+SOUTH AMERICA.
+
+
+Q. For what is South America noted?
+
+A. For the largest rivers and longest mountain-chain in the world.
+
+
+Q. What can you say of the Andes Mountains?
+
+A. The tops of some are continually covered with ice and snow; while at
+the foot of the mountains, the heat is very great.
+
+
+[Illustration: Dangers in travelling over the Andes.]
+
+
+Q. What careful animal is used in crossing the Mountains?
+
+A. The Mule.
+
+
+Q. What if the mule should lose his foothold?
+
+A. Both mule and rider might fall and perish.
+
+
+Q. What take place in South America?
+
+A. Earthquakes.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF EUROPE.]
+
+
+LESSON XLIV.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean north of Europe?
+
+A. Arctic Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean west of Europe?
+
+A. Atlantic Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Sea south of Europe?
+
+A. Mediterranean Sea.
+
+
+Q. What is the Mediterranean Sea?
+
+A. The largest Sea in the world.
+
+
+Q. What Bay west of France?
+
+A. Bay of Biscay.
+
+
+Q. Which is the largest country of Europe?
+
+A. Russia.
+
+
+Q. Which is the smallest?
+
+A. Switzerland.
+
+
+Q. What two Countries touch Russia on the southwest?
+
+A. Austria and Turkey.
+
+
+Q. What Country south of Turkey?
+
+A. Greece.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XLV.
+
+
+Q. What two Countries west of the North Sea?
+
+A. England and Scotland.
+
+
+Q. What Country west of England?
+
+A. Ireland.
+
+
+Q. What Country south of England?
+
+A. France.
+
+
+Q. What Country south of France?
+
+A. Spain.
+
+
+Q. What two Oceans touch Europe?
+
+
+Q. What five large Seas do you find on the map of Europe?
+
+
+Q. What four Rivers?
+
+
+Q. What Strait connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic?
+
+
+Q. What Cape in the north of Europe?
+
+
+Q. What Gulf east of Italy?
+
+
+Q. Where is the White Sea?
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XLVI.
+
+
+Q. What Sea north of Prussia?
+
+A. Baltic Sea.
+
+
+Q. What large Sea south of Russia?
+
+A. Black Sea.
+
+
+Q. What large River runs through Austria and Turkey?
+
+A. Danube River.
+
+
+[Illustration: Sleighing in Russia.]
+
+
+Q. What Mountains between France and Spain?
+
+A. Pyrenees Mountains.
+
+
+Q. What large Island west of Norway?
+
+A. Iceland.
+
+
+Q. What Island south of Italy?
+
+A. Sicily.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XLVII.
+
+EUROPE.
+
+
+Q. Which, are the most powerful Countries in Europe?
+
+A. Great Britain, France, and Russia.
+
+
+Q. What great General, a few years ago, led the most powerful army in
+the world?
+
+A. Napoleon Bonaparte.
+
+
+Q. Where was he finally overthrown?
+
+A. At the Battle of Waterloo, in the year 1815.
+
+
+Q. What brave man was a Swiss?
+
+A. William Tell.
+
+
+Q. What remarkable building in Italy?
+
+A. The Leaning Tower.
+
+
+[Illustration: Leaning Tower in Italy.]
+
+
+Q. What law in Prussia about attending school?
+
+A. Every boy and girl is obliged to attend school regularly.
+
+
+Q. What can you say of the northern part of Europe?
+
+A. It is so cold, that there is good sleighing all the year.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF ASIA.]
+
+
+LESSON XLVIII
+
+
+Q. What can you say of the size of Asia?
+
+A. It is the largest Grand Division of the Earth.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean north of Asia?
+
+A. Arctic Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean east?
+
+A. Pacific Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Ocean south?
+
+A. Indian Ocean.
+
+
+Q. What Sea south of Asia?
+
+A. Arabian Sea.
+
+
+Q. What Bay south of Asia?
+
+A. Bay of Bengal.
+
+
+Q. What four Seas east of Asia?
+
+A. China, Yellow, Japan and Ochotsk.
+
+
+Q. What Sea between Arabia and Africa?
+
+A. Red Sea
+
+
+
+
+LESSON XLIX.
+
+
+Q. What Division of the Earth is west of Asia?
+
+A. Europe.
+
+
+Q. What Division southwest?
+
+A. Africa.
+
+
+Q. What large Country in the northern part of Asia?
+
+A. Siberia.
+
+
+Q. What Empire in the east?
+
+A. Chinese Empire.
+
+
+Q. What three Oceans touch Asia?
+
+
+Q. What two Seas between Asia and Europe?
+
+
+Q. What Sea between Asia and Africa
+
+
+Q. What two countries of Asia are furthest north?
+
+
+Q. Between what two Countries is the Persian Gulf?
+
+
+Q. What Cape in the north of Asia?
+
+
+
+
+LESSON L.
+
+
+Q. What country in the southeastern part of the Chinese Empire?
+
+A. China.
+
+
+Q. What Country between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal?
+
+A. Hindoostan.
+
+
+Q. What Country in Asia is furthest southwest?
+
+A. Arabia.
+
+
+[Illustration: The Great Wall of China.]
+
+
+Q. What Mountains between Asia and Europe?
+
+A. Ural Mountains.
+
+
+Q. What large Island south of China Sea?
+
+A. Borneo.
+
+
+Q. What large Island southeast of Borneo?
+
+A. Australia.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON LI.
+
+ASIA.
+
+
+Q. What Division of the Earth was first inhabited?
+
+A. Asia.
+
+
+Q. Who first lived in Asia?
+
+A. Adam and Eve.
+
+
+Q. What is the color of the Asiatics?
+
+A. Yellow.
+
+
+[Illustration: Camels in a Desert.]
+
+
+Q. What do many worship?
+
+A. Idols.
+
+
+Q. For what purpose did the Chinese build the Great Wall?
+
+A. To defend themselves from their enemies.
+
+
+Q. What animal is very useful in crossing the Deserts?
+
+A. The Camel.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP OF AFRICA.]
+
+
+Lesson LII.
+
+
+Q. What Division of land is Africa?
+
+A. A Peninsula.
+
+
+Q. Between what two Oceans is Africa?
+
+A. Atlantic and Indian.
+
+
+Q. What Division of the Earth north of Africa 2
+
+A. Europe.
+
+
+Q. What Sea north of Africa?
+
+A. Mediterranean Sea.
+
+
+Q. What Division of the Earth northeast of Africa?
+
+A. Asia.
+
+
+Q. What Sea east of Africa?
+
+A. Red Sea.
+
+
+Q. What Gulf west of Africa?
+
+A. Gulf of Guinea.
+
+
+Q. What large Island southeast of Africa?
+
+A. Madagascar.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON LIII.
+
+
+Q. What Country in the northeastern part of Africa?
+
+A. Egypt.
+
+
+Q. What Country south of Egypt?
+
+A. Nubia.
+
+
+Q. What Country south of Nubia?
+
+A. Abyssinia.
+
+
+Q. Which are the largest two Rivers in Africa?
+
+A. Nile and Niger
+
+
+Q. With what Ocean is the Mediterranean Sea connected?
+
+
+Q. With what Ocean is the Red Sea connected?
+
+
+Q. What three Countries of Africa touch the Red Sea?
+
+
+Q. What large River flows into the Mediterranean Sea?
+
+
+Q. What large River flows into the Gulf of Guinea?
+
+
+Q. On which side of Africa is Guinea?
+
+
+
+
+LESSON LIV.
+
+
+Q. What Desert in the northern part of Africa?
+
+A. Sahara, or Great Desert.
+
+
+Q. What Mountains in the centre?
+
+A. Mountains of the Moon.
+
+
+Q. What Isthmus joins Africa with Asia?
+
+A. Isthmus of Suez.
+
+
+[Illustration: A Traveller attacked by a Crocodile.]
+
+
+Q. What Country in Europe is nearest Africa?
+
+A. Spain.
+
+
+Q. What Strait between Africa and Spain?
+
+A. Strait of Gibraltar.
+
+
+Q. What Cape in the southern part of Africa?
+
+A. Cape of Good Hope.
+
+
+
+
+LESSON LV.
+
+
+Q. What is Africa?
+
+A. The warmest Division of the Earth.
+
+
+Q. What animals are found in Africa?
+
+A. Elephants, Lions, and Leopards.
+
+
+Q. What dangerous reptiles in Africa?
+
+A. Serpents and Crocodiles.
+
+
+[Illustration: A Sand Storm in the Desert.]
+
+
+Q. What is a great part of Africa?
+
+A. A Desert, or vast Sandy Plain.
+
+
+Q. How do men cross the Desert?
+
+A. In large companies, called Caravans.
+
+
+Q. What storms sometimes overtake Caravans?
+
+A. Storms of scorching sand, raised by the wind.
+
+
+
+
+RECAPITULATION.
+
+
+OCEANS.
+
+  Where is?
+
+  Pacific Ocean       West of America.
+
+  Atlantic Ocean      East of America.
+
+  Northern Ocean      North of North America.
+
+  Southern Ocean      South of South America.
+
+  Indian Ocean        South of Asia.
+
+
+RIVERS.
+
+  Where is?
+
+  Amazon              In the northern part of S. America.
+
+  Mississippi         In the United States.
+
+  Missouri            In the United States.
+
+  Ohio                In the United States.
+
+  Arkansas            In the United States.
+
+  Connecticut         In the United States.
+
+  Hudson              In the Eastern States.
+
+  Susquehanna         Runs through Pennsylvania.
+
+  Delaware            Between Pennsylvania and Delaware.
+
+  Volga               In Russia.
+
+  Danube              Runs through Austria and Turkey.
+
+  Nile                In the northeastern part of Africa.
+
+
+SEAS
+
+  Where is?
+
+  Mediterranean Sea   Between Europe and Africa.
+
+  Black and Caspian   Between Europe and Asia.
+
+  North Sea           West of Europe.
+
+  Baltic Sea          West of Russia.
+
+  Caribbean Sea       North of South America.
+
+  Arabian Sea         South of Asia.
+
+  China Sea           South of China.
+
+  Red Sea             Between Africa and Asia.
+
+
+GULFS AND BAYS
+
+  Where is?
+
+  Baffin's Bay        West of Greenland.
+
+  Hudson's Bay        In British America.
+
+  Gulf of Mexico      South of the United States.
+
+  Bay of Biscay       West of France.
+
+  Gulf of Guinea      West of Africa.
+
+  Chesapeake Bay      In Maryland.
+
+  Delaware Bay        Between New Jersey and Delaware.
+
+
+LAKES
+
+  Where is?
+
+  Lake Superior      North of the United States.
+
+  Lake Michigan      In the northern part of the United States.
+
+  Lake Erie          North of the United States.
+
+  Lake Ontario       North of the United States.
+
+
+MOUNTAINS.
+
+  Where are?
+
+  Rocky              In the western part of N. America.
+
+  Andes              In the western part of S. America.
+
+  Alleghany          In the eastern part of the United States.
+
+  Green              In Vermont.
+
+  White              In New Hampshire.
+
+  Ural               Between Europe and Asia.
+
+  Alps               North of Italy.
+
+  Pyrenees           Between France and Spain.
+
+
+ISLANDS.
+
+  Where is?
+
+  Australia          Southeast of Asia.
+
+  Iceland            East of Greenland.
+
+  Cuba               South of the United States.
+
+  Madagascar         Southeast of Africa.
+
+  Nova Zembla        North of Russia.
+
+  Sicily             South of Italy.
+
+
+
+
+NATIONAL SERIES OF STANDARD SCHOOL BOOKS,
+
+PUBLISHED BY A.S. BARNES & CO.,
+
+51 JOHN-STREET, NEW YORK.
+
+
+R.G. PARKER'S SCHOOL READERS.
+
+PARKER'S First--Second--Third--Fourth, and Rhetorical Header.
+
+
+ORTHOGRAPHY, GRAMMAR, ETC.
+
+PRICE'S Spelling Book--WRIGHT'S Analytical Orthography--MARTIN'S
+Orthoepist--NORTHEND'S Dictation Exercises--CLARK'S Analysis--CLARK'S
+English Grammar and Etymological Chart--WELCH'S English Sentence--DAY'S
+Art of Rhetoric.
+
+
+ELOCUTIONARY WORKS.
+
+NORTHEND'S Little Speaker--American Speaker--School Dialogues--ZACHIOS'
+New American Speaker--PARKER's and ZACHOS' Introductory Lessons.
+
+
+WILLARD'S SERIES OF HISTORIES.
+
+WILLARD'S History of the United States--Universal History--Historic
+Guide--Temple of Time.
+
+
+NATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL SERIES.
+
+MONTEITH'S First Lessons in Geography. MONTEITH'S Youth's Manual of
+Geography. McNALLY's System of School Geography.
+
+
+DAVIES' SYSTEM OF MATHEMATICS.
+
+Table-Book and Primary Arithmetic--Intellectual Arithmetic--School
+Arith.--University Arithmetic--Elementary Algebra---Elementary
+Geometry--Practical Mathematics--BOURDON'S Algebra--LEGENDRE'S
+Geom.--Surveying--Analytical Geom.--Calculus--Des. Geom.--Shades,
+Shadows, &c.
+
+
+SCHOOL AND COLLEGE PHILOSOPHIES.
+
+PARKER'S Juvenile Philosophy, Parts 1 & 2--PARKER'S School
+Compendium--BARTLETT'S Mechanics--Optics--Astronomy.--Bartlett's
+Analytical Mechanics.
+
+
+INTELLECTUAL PHILOSOPHY AND MYTHOLOGY.
+
+MAHAN'S Intellectual Philosophy--DWIGHT'S Grecian and Roman Mythology.
+
+
+NATURAL SCIENCES, ETC.
+
+CHAMBERS' Introduction to the Sciences--Treasury of Knowledge--CLARK'S
+Drawing--REID and BAIN'S Chemistry--HAMILTON'S Physiology--CHAMBERS'
+Zoology--PAGE'S Geology--McINTYRE on the Globes--GILLESPIE on
+Road-making--GREGORY'S Chemistry--CHURCH'S Calcalus--CHURCH'S Anal.
+Geom.--COURTENAY'S Calculus--HACKLEY'S Trigonometry--Manual of Fine
+Arts--LARDNER on the Steam Engine.
+
+
+PENMANSHIP AND BOOK-KEEPING.
+
+FULTON & EASTMAN'S System, with the Chirographic Charts.
+
+
+MUSIC FOR SCHOOLS.
+
+KINGSLEY'S Juvenile Choir--Kingsley's Young Ladies' Harp--SHERWOOD'S
+School Song and Hymn Book--Sabbath-School Gems--Christian Melodies.
+
+
+BROOKS' CLASSICS.
+
+Latin Lessons--Greek Lessons--Collectanea Evangelica--Ovid.
+
+
+THE ENGLISH POETS, WITH BOYD'S NOTES.
+
+MILTON'S Paradise Lost--POLLOK'S Course of Time--YOUNG'S Night
+Thoughts--THOMSON'S Seasons--COWPER'S Task, Conversation, &c.
+
+
+LIBRARY OF REFERENCE FOR TEACHERS.
+
+PAGE'S Theory and Practice of Teaching--NORTHEND'S Teacher and
+Parent--MANSFIELD on American Education--DE TOCQUEVILLE'S American
+Institutions--DAVIES' Logic and Utility of Mathematics--WATTS on
+the Improvement of the Mind--Cyclopedia of Geography--Cyclopedia of
+Chronology--Cyclopedia of Biography--Cyclopedia of Useful
+Arts--Cyclopedia of Literature and Fine Arts--Cyclopedia of Europe.
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FIRST LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY***
+
+
+******* This file should be named 11722.txt or 11722.zip *******
+
+
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+https://www.gutenberg.org/1/1/7/2/11722
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS,' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+Each eBook is in a subdirectory of the same number as the eBook's
+eBook number, often in several formats including plain vanilla ASCII,
+compressed (zipped), HTML and others.
+
+Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks replace the old file and take over
+the old filename and etext number.  The replaced older file is renamed.
+VERSIONS based on separate sources are treated as new eBooks receiving
+new filenames and etext numbers.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+EBooks posted prior to November 2003, with eBook numbers BELOW #10000,
+are filed in directories based on their release date.  If you want to
+download any of these eBooks directly, rather than using the regular
+search system you may utilize the following addresses and just
+download by the etext year.
+
+http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/etext06
+
+    (Or /etext 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00, 99,
+     98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 92, 91 or 90)
+
+EBooks posted since November 2003, with etext numbers OVER #10000, are
+filed in a different way.  The year of a release date is no longer part
+of the directory path.  The path is based on the etext number (which is
+identical to the filename).  The path to the file is made up of single
+digits corresponding to all but the last digit in the filename.  For
+example an eBook of filename 10234 would be found at:
+
+https://www.gutenberg.org/1/0/2/3/10234
+
+or filename 24689 would be found at:
+https://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/6/8/24689
+
+An alternative method of locating eBooks:
+https://www.gutenberg.org/GUTINDEX.ALL
+
+*** END: FULL LICENSE ***
diff --git a/old/11722.zip b/old/11722.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21dc1c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/11722.zip