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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11567 ***
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XIX. NO. 543.] SATURDAY, APRIL 21, 1832. [PRICE 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MELROSE ABBEY.
+
+
+[Illustration: Melrose Abbey.]
+
+(_From a finished sketch, by a Correspondent_.)
+
+
+These venerable ruins stand upon the southern bank of the Tweed, in
+Roxburghshire. The domestic buildings of the monastery are entirely
+gone; but the remains of the church connected with, as seen in the above
+Engraving, are described by Mr. Chambers[1] as "the finest specimen of
+Gothic architecture and Gothic sculpture of which this country
+(Scotland) can boast. By singular good fortune, Melrose is also one of
+the most entire, as it is the most beautiful, of all the ecclesiastical
+ruins scattered throughout this reformed land. To say that it is
+beautiful, is to say nothing. It is exquisitely--splendidly lovely. It
+is an object of infinite grace and immeasurable charm; it is fine in its
+general aspect and in its minutest details; it is a study--a glory." We
+confess ourselves delighted with Mr. Chambers's well-directed
+enthusiasm.
+
+    [1] Picture of Scotland, vol. i.
+
+A page of interesting facts towards the history of the Abbey will be
+found appended to the "Recollections" of a recent visit by one of our
+esteemed Correspondents, in _The Mirror_, vol. x., p. 445. In the
+present view, the ornate Gothic style of the building is seen to
+advantage, but more especially the richness of the windows, and the
+niches above them: the latter, from drawings made "early in the reign of
+King William," were originally filled with statues; and, connected with
+the destruction of some of them, Mr. Chambers relates the following
+anecdote "told by the person who shows Melrose:"
+
+"On the eastern window of the church, there were formerly thirteen
+effigies, supposed to represent our Saviour and his apostles. These,
+harmless and beautiful as they were, happened to provoke the wrath of a
+praying weaver in Gattonside, who, in a moment of inspired zeal, went up
+one night by means of a ladder, and with a hammer and chisel, knocked
+off the heads and limbs of the figures. Next morning he made no scruple
+to publish the transaction, observing, with a great deal of exultation,
+to every person whom he met, that he had 'fairly stumpet thae vile
+paipist dirt _nou!_' The people sometimes catch up a remarkable word
+when uttered on a remarkable occasion by one of their number, and turn
+the utterer into ridicule, by attaching it to him as a nickname; and it
+is some consolation to think that this monster was therefore treated
+with the sobriquet of 'Stumpie,' and of course carried it about with him
+to his grave."
+
+The exquisite beauty and elaborate ornament of Melrose can, according to
+the entertaining work already quoted, be told only in a volume of prose;
+but, as compression is the spirit of true poetry, we quote the following
+descriptive lines:
+
+
+  If thou would'st view fair Melrose aright,
+  Go visit it by the pale moonlight;
+  For the gay beams of lightsome day
+  Gild but to flout the ruins gray.
+  When the broken arches are dark in night,
+  And each shafted oriel glimmers white;
+  When the cold light's uncertain shower
+  Streams on the ruin'd central tower;
+  When buttress and buttress, alternately,
+  Seem framed of ebon and ivory;
+  Wnen silver edges the imagery,
+  And the scrolls that teach thee to live and die;
+  When distant Tweed is heard to rave,
+  And the howlet to hoot o'er the dead man's grave,
+  Then go--but go alone the while--
+  Then view St. David's[2] ruined pile;
+  And, home returning, soothly swear,
+  Was never scene so sad and fair.
+         *       *       *       *       *
+  By a steel-clench'd postern door,
+    They enter'd now the chancel tall;
+  The darken'd roof rose high aloof
+    On pillars, lofty, light, and small;
+  The key-stone, that lock'd each ribbed aisle,
+  Was a fleur-de-lys or a quatre-feuille;
+  The corbells[3] were carved grotesque and grim;
+  And the pillars, with cluster'd shafts so trim,
+  With base and capital furnish'd around,
+  Seem'd bundles of lances which garlands had bound.
+         *       *       *       *       *
+  The moon on the east oriel shone,
+  Through slender shafts of shapely stone,
+    By foliated tracery combined;
+  Thou would'st have thought some fairy's hand
+  'Twixt poplars straight the osier wand
+    In many a freakish knot had twined;
+  Then framed a spell, when the work was done,
+  And changed the willow-wreaths to stone.[4]
+
+
+    [2] Built by David I. in 1136.
+
+    [3] Corbells, the projections from which the arches spring,
+        usually cut in a fantastic face, or mask.
+
+    [4] Sir Walter Scott's "Lay of the Last Minstrel."
+
+
+The monks of Melrose were caricatured for their sensuality at the
+Reformation. Their Abbey suffered in consequence; for the condemnator,
+out of the ruins, built himself a house, which may still be seen near
+the church. "The regality," says Mr. Chambers, "soon after passed into
+the hands of Lord Binning, an eminent lawyer, ancestor to the Earl of
+Haddington; and about a century ago, the whole became the property of
+the Buccleuch family."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LACONICS.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+The most important advantages we enjoy, and the greatest discoveries
+that science can boast, have proceeded from men who have either seen
+little of the world, or have secluded themselves entirely for the
+purposes of study. Not only those arts which are exclusively the result
+of calculation, such as navigation, mechanism, and others, but even
+agriculture, may be said to derive its improvement, if not its origin,
+from the same source.
+
+Where a cause is good, an appeal should be directed to the heart rather
+than the head: the application comes more home, and reaches more
+forcibly, where it is the most necessary--the natural rather than the
+improved faculties of the human understanding.
+
+Common sense is looked upon as a vulgar quality, but nevertheless it is
+the only talisman to conduct us prosperously through the world. The man
+of refined sense has been compared to one who carries about with him
+nothing but gold, when he may be every moment in want of smaller change.
+
+The grand cause of failure in most undertakings is the want of
+unanimity. This, however, we find is not wanting where actual danger, as
+well as possible advantage may accrue to the parties concerned. It is
+whimsical enough that thieves and other ruffians, while they bid open
+defiance to the laws, both of God and man, pay implicit obedience to
+their own.
+
+Aristotle laid it down as a maxim "that all inquiry should begin with
+doubt." Whenever, then, we meet with mysteries beyond our feeble
+comprehension, would it not be more rational to doubt the very faculty
+we are employing--the capacity of our reason itself.
+
+The most politic, because the most effectual way of governing in a
+family, is for the husband occasionally to lay aside his supremacy; so
+in public, as well as private life, that king will be most popular who
+does not at all times exercise his full prerogative.
+
+It would appear that there is a great sympathy between the mind of man
+and falsehood: when we have a truth to tell, it takes better, if
+conveyed in a fable; and the rage for novels shows, that we may not only
+divert extremely without a syllable of truth, but truth is even
+compelled to borrow the habit of falsehood to secure itself an agreeable
+reception.
+
+In our intercourse with others, we should endeavour to turn the
+conversation towards those subjects with which our companions are
+professionally acquainted: thus we shall agreeably please as well as
+innocently flatter in affording them the opportunity to shine; while we
+should acquire that knowledge which we could no where else obtain so
+well.
+
+What an extraordinary method of reducing oneself to beggary is gambling!
+The man who has but little money in the world, and knows not how to
+procure more without risking his life and character, must needs put it
+in the power of fortune to take away what he has. Put the case in the
+opposite light, it is just as absurd: the man who has money to spare,
+must needs make the experiment whether it may not become the property of
+another.
+
+It is a mistake to suppose a great mind inattentive to trifles: its
+capacity and comprehension enable it to embrace every thing.
+
+The failing of vanity extends throughout all classes: the poor have but
+little time to bestow on their persons, and yet in the selection of
+their clothes we find they prefer such as are of a flaring and gaudy
+colour.
+
+Philosophy has not so much enabled men to overcome their weaknesses, as
+it has taught the art of concealing them from the world.
+
+That a little learning is dangerous is one of our surest maxims. If
+knowledge does not produce the effect of ameliorating our imperfect
+condition, it were, without question, better let alone altogether; it is
+not to be made merely an appendix to the mind, but must be incorporated
+and identified with it.
+
+They who have experienced sorrow are the most capable of appreciating
+joy; so, those only who have been sick, feel the full value of health.
+
+By the expression "common people," is meant the man of rank as well as
+the more industrious peasant; for in our estimate of men, the mind, and
+not the eye, is the most proper judge.
+
+Some men are, of course, more original thinkers than others, but all,
+without exception, who hope to appear in print with any effect, must
+first be readers themselves. It was said by Dr. Johnson, that more than
+half an author's time was occupied in reading what others had said
+concerning the subject he was himself writing upon.
+
+Every man, in his more serious moments, must confess that he has done
+few things in the course of his life he would not wish undone; and
+experience must have shown him that the things he most feared would have
+been better ihan those he most prayed for.
+
+Vanity is our dearest weakness, in more senses than one: a man will
+sacrifice every thing, and starve out all his other inclinations to keep
+alive that one.
+
+The man who trusts entirely to nature when he is sick, runs a great
+risk; but he who puts himself in the hands of a physician runs a still
+greater: of the two, nature would seem the better nurse, for she will,
+at all events, act honestly, and can have no possible interest in
+tampering with disease.
+
+A great idea may be thus defined:--it gives us the perception of many
+others, and it discovers to us all at once what we could only have
+arrived at by a course of reading or inquiry.
+
+We are told to place no faith in appearances, yet it will be found a
+wiser course to judge from the human countenance rather than the human
+voice: most men place a guard over their words and their actions, but
+very few can blind the expression that is conveyed by the features.
+
+To assist our fellow-creatures is the noblest privilege of mortality: it
+is, in some sort, forestalling the bounty of Providence.
+
+There is no doubt that memory, although it may be cultivated, is
+originally a gift of nature; so, also, application must be regarded as a
+natural endowment; for there are some men, however well disposed, who
+can never bring themselves to grapple closely with any thing.
+
+It has been suggested that man has no real necessity for clothing. All
+other creatures are furnished with every necessary for their existence,
+and it is improbable one nobler than them all should be left in a
+defective condition: there are some nations, in severer climates than
+ours, who have no notion of clothing; and, even in civilized life, the
+most tender parts of the body are constantly exposed, as the face, neck,
+&c.
+
+It is the temper of a blade that must be the proof of a good sword, and
+not the gilding of the hilt or the richness of the scabbard; so it is
+not his grandeur and possessions that make a man considerable, but his
+intrinsic merit.
+
+F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE KNIGHT'S RETURN.
+
+FROM THE GERMAN.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+
+  "Page, what sound mine ears is greeting,
+    Whence the lime-trees wave in pride?"
+  "'Tis, sir knight, the herds that bleating,
+    Wander o'er the mountain's side."
+
+  "Say, my page, what means this singing?
+    Notes so sad, some ill betide;"
+  "In the village, crowds are bringing
+    From the chapel, home a bride."
+
+  "Say then, why so slowly passes
+    Yon dark-rob'd and silent train?"
+  "From the saying bridal-masses,
+    Monks are coming o'er the plain."
+
+  "Speak then, why I now behold it;
+    Whence yon banner's milk-white hue?"
+  "Ask no further, they unfold it
+    To the bride an honour due."
+
+  "Say, my page, what means that writing
+    Graven on yon marble-stone?"
+  "'Tis the youth and maiden plighting
+    Love to one, and one alone."
+
+  "How, my page, that name the dearest?
+    See, and true its meaning tell."
+  "Know, and tremble as thou hearest,
+    "'Twas for secret love she fell."
+
+  "What! my page, if thus 'tis written,
+    If for love she dar'd to die,
+  Bertha dead! if thus 'tis written,
+    As she perish'd, so will _I_."
+
+H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SCOTCH ECONOMY.
+
+(_To the Editor._)
+
+
+The amusing letter of _S.S._ in No. 536, of _The Mirror_, has but so
+very recently met my eyes, that I have been obliged unavoidably to allow
+some weeks to elapse ere I noticed it. Indeed, to advert to it at all, I
+should not have considered necessary, but that your correspondent seems
+to imply a doubt as to the accuracy of my assertion, in the article
+"Shavings," (vide No. 533, p. 83.) Permit me, for the satisfaction of
+your readers to state, that I was no "flying tourist," when the fact of
+a very considerable waste of fuel in Edinburgh, (fuel which would, I
+thought, sell in England, if not wanted in Scotland,) came repeatedly, I
+may say, almost daily, under my own personal observation. A residence of
+two years in Edinburgh (yes, it certainly was "the Scottish capital,"
+for I had previously resided during a longer period in the Irish one,)
+enabled me to state what I then beheld, with a scrutiny which certainly
+would not have been warranted by a mere casual visit of two days, two
+weeks, or two months; that the circumstance should have irritated _S.S._
+I cannot consider any fault of mine; my statement was correct. The
+possibility of Irish labourers being employed to build in Scotland, as
+they are very generally in England, does not seem to have occurred to
+your correspondent; I confess it did to me, but considered, to mention
+it in my trifling "Domestic Hint," quite unnecessary, since, had their
+wastefulness been hitherto unknown to their employers, it might
+henceforth, if they pleased "to take a hint," be by them materially
+checked. In days when the complaint of poverty is universal, when the
+working classes find it difficult to carry on any employment which shall
+bring them bread, and when thousands wander over the united kingdom with
+no apparent means of subsistence, I did not imagine that a "Hint," as to
+a possible source of emolument (were it confined but to half a dozen
+individuals) to the poor, would be considered a meet subject for
+ridicule. I said, or intended to say, if shavings and loose chippings of
+wood are of little value for fuel in Scotland, they are acceptable in
+England; and why, if the proprietors of new houses choose during their
+erection, to save the fuel they produce, and of which I repeat I have
+seen vast quantities burnt, and bestow it as a charity on such persons
+as might think it worth acceptance for sale, "over the Border;" why they
+should not do so, I have yet to learn.[5] However, waiving this scheme,
+which _S.S._ may be inclined to think rather Utopian, and conceding,
+that if Scotland needs not for fuel, her refuse chips and shavings, they
+would not answer in that light as a marketable commodity in the sister
+country, still wood and wood-ashes have become of late years, agents so
+valuable and important in chemistry, and other sciences and arts, as to
+furnish another, and all-sufficient reason why no reckless destruction
+should be allowed of an article, every species of which may be rendered,
+under some modification, of utility.
+
+
+    [5] Has Scotland no paupers to whom the gift of wood fuel might
+        prove acceptable, in spite of peat? We have in England abundance
+        of wood, yet our own poor are distressed for it, glad to pick up
+        sticks for firing, and often steal it from fences, &c. in their
+        necessity, and the gift of wood is to them a charity, as well as
+        that of coals. Why should aught that could he made of use, be
+        wantonly destroyed? It is contrary to Scripture; it is in
+        opposition to common sense.
+
+
+Respecting the well preserved eggs of Scotland; though _S.S._ is
+probably aware of the circumstance, yet some of your readers may not be,
+their sale in England (and indeed I have understood America) brings her
+in no inconsiderable profit. In this country they arrive, and I have my
+account from an eye-witness, in large deal boxes, most curiously packed,
+relying solely on each other for support; since, set up perpendicularly
+on their ends, with no straw, heather, saw-dust, or any other material
+to fill the interstices between them, the fate of every box of this
+fragile ware depends, during its journey and unlading, on the safety or
+fracture of a single egg; but such is the nicety and compactness of
+their packing, that rarely, if ever, an accident occurs.
+
+M.L.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PRICE OF TEA.
+
+(_To the Editor_.)
+
+
+As I have been a subscriber to _The Mirror_ from its commencement, and
+very frequently refer to its pages with much pleasure and profit, I hope
+I may be allowed to correct a statement made in No. 541, p. 222, under
+the article _Tea_. It is said that the profit of one pound to sell at
+7_s_. is 2_s_. 2_d_.
+
+
+                    _s. d._
+  Thus, cost price   2  5
+  Duty               2  5
+  Profit             2  2
+                     ____
+                     7  0
+
+
+In all retail houses of any respectability in the Tea trade, I am sure
+that Tea costing 2_s_. 5_d_. at the sale is never sold above 6_s_. per
+lb. and in five out of six shops of the above description 5_s_. 4_d_.
+and 5_s_. 6_d_. is the utmost price demanded for such Tea. I and my
+family have been in the trade, in one house, considerably more than half
+a century, and I can assure you, that from 6_d_. to 8_d_. per lb. is the
+present retail profit upon Tea sold at the East India Company's sales,
+under 3_s_. per lb.
+
+S.
+
+In reply to this note, the authenticity of which we do not question,
+we can only refer the writer to our distinct quotation from "the
+evidence of Mr. Mills, a Tea Broker, before the House of Lords.' In our
+15th volume, No. 414, p. 104, the proportion of profit is differently
+stated from an article in the _Quarterly Review_. A pound of 11_s_.
+
+Hyson
+
+
+                                    _s. d._
+  Costs at the Company's Sale        4  4
+  King's Duty                        4  4
+                                     ____
+                                     8  8
+  Retailer's profit, brokerage, &c.  2  4
+                                    _____
+                                    11  0
+
+
+We have often received from one of the most extensively dealing retail
+Tea-dealers in the metropolis, an assurance, similar to that of our
+correspondent, _S_. so that we do not require the substantiation he
+proffers.--_Ed. M_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+The Naturalist.
+
+GLEANINGS IN NATURAL HISTORY.
+
+
+Observers of Nature seem to be just now appreciating the observation of
+the benevolent _Gilbert White_, of Selborne, who lived and died in the
+last century: "that if stationary men would pay some attention to the
+districts on which they reside, and would publish their thoughts
+respecting the objects that surround them, from such materials might be
+drawn the most complete county histories." Accordingly, a little system
+of rural philosophy has been founded upon the best of all bases,
+home-observation, and such books as have resulted from these labours,
+promise to make the study of Nature more popular than will all the
+Zoological, Botanical, and Geological Societies of Europe. Among these
+works we include the cheap reprint of the _Natural History of Selborne_;
+Mr. Rennie's delightful observations which are scattered through the
+Zoological volumes of the _Library of Entertaining Knowledge_; but more
+especially the _Journal of a Naturalist_, published by Mr. Leonard
+Knapp, about three years since, and stated by the author to have
+originated in his admiration of Mr. White's _Selborne_. The volume
+before us is the result of a congenial feeling, and is written by Edward
+Jesse, Esq., deputy surveyor of his majesty's parks, by means of which
+appointment he must have possessed peculiar opportunities and facilities
+of observation, as is evident in the local recollections throughout his
+volume. Thus, we find miscellaneous particulars of the Royal Parks and
+Forests, and from the writer's residence on the bank of the Thames, (we
+conclude, near Bushy Park,) a few Maxims for an Angler. The whole is a
+very charming _melange_, with a most discursive arrangement, it is true,
+but never falling into dulness, or tiring the reader with too minute
+detail. We intend, therefore, to range through the volume, and gather a
+few of its most interesting gleanings to our garner.
+
+Our author thinks he has discovered the use for the remarkable and,
+indeed, what appears disproportionate length, of the
+
+
+Claws of the Skylark.
+
+"That they were not intended to enable the bird to search the earth for
+food, or to fix itself more securely on the branches of trees, is
+evident, as they neither scratch the ground nor roost on trees. The lark
+makes its nest generally in grass fields, where it is liable to be
+injured either by cattle grazing over it, or by the mower. In case of
+alarm from either these or other causes, the parent birds remove their
+eggs, by means of their long claws, to a place of greater security; and
+this transportation I have observed to be effected in a very short space
+of time. By placing a lark's egg, which is rather large in proportion to
+the size of the bird, in the foot, and then drawing the claws over it,
+you will perceive that they are of sufficient length to secure the egg
+firmly, and by this means the bird is enabled to convey its eggs to
+another place, where she can sit upon and hatch them. When one of my
+mowers first told me that he had observed the fact, I was somewhat
+disinclined to credit it; but I have since ascertained it beyond a
+doubt, and now mention it as another strong proof of that order in the
+economy of Nature, by means of which this affectionate bird is enabled
+to secure its forthcoming offspring. I call it affectionate, because few
+birds show a stronger attachment to their young."
+
+
+Instinct allied to reason.
+
+Several interesting anecdotes are quoted to show that there is something
+more than mere instinct, which influences the conduct of some animals.
+Bees and spiders afford many traits, but we quote the elephant and
+parrot:
+
+"I was one day feeding the poor elephant (who was so barbarously put to
+death at Exeter 'Change) with potatoes, which he took out of my hand.
+One of them, a round one, fell on the floor, just out of the reach of
+his proboscis. He leaned against his wooden bar, put out his trunk, and
+could just touch the potato, but could not pick it up. After several
+ineffectual efforts, he at last _blew_ the potato against the opposite
+wall with sufficient force to make it rebound, and he then, without
+difficulty, secured it. Now it is quite clear, I think, that instinct
+never taught the elephant to procure his food in this manner; and it
+must, therefore, have been reason, or some intellectual faculty, which
+enabled him to be so good a judge of cause and effect. Indeed, the
+_reflecting_ power of some animals is quite extraordinary. I had a dog
+who was much attached to me, and who, in consequence of his having been
+tied up on a Sunday morning, to prevent his accompanying me to church,
+would conceal himself in good time on that day, and I was sure to find
+him either at the entrance of the church, or if he could get in, under
+the place where I usually sat.
+
+"I have been often much delighted with watching the manner in which some
+of the old bucks in Bushy Park contrive to get the berries from the fine
+thorn-trees there. They will raise themselves on their hind legs, give a
+spring, entangle their horns in the lower branches of the tree, give
+them one or two shakes, which make some of the berries full, and they
+will then quietly pick them up.
+
+"A strong proof of intellect was given in the case of Colonel O'Kelly's
+parrot. When the colonel and his parrot were at Brighton, the bird was
+asked to sing; he answered 'I can't,' Another time he left off in the
+middle of a tune, and said, 'I have forgot.' Colonel O'Kelly continued
+the tune for a few notes; the parrot took it up where the Colonel had
+left off. The parrot took up the bottom of a lady's petticoat, and said
+'What a pretty foot!' The parrot seeing the family at breakfast said,
+'Won't you give some breakfast to Poll?' The company teazed and mopped
+him a good deal; he said 'I don't like it.'--(From a Memorandum found
+amongst the late Earl of Guildford's Papers.)"
+
+
+Eels.
+
+Several pages are devoted to the economy of these curious creatures, and
+as many points of their history are warmly contested, Mr. Jesse's
+experience is valuable.
+
+"That they do wander[6] from one place to another is evident, as I am
+assured that they have been found in ponds in Richmond Park, which had
+been previously cleaned out and mudded, and into which no water could
+run except from the springs which supplied it.[7] An annual migration of
+young eels takes place in the River Thames in the month of May, and they
+have generally made their appearance at Kingston, in their way upwards,
+about the second week in that month, and accident has so determined it,
+that, for several years together it was remarked that the 10th of May
+was the day of what the fishermen call eel-fair; but they have been more
+irregular in their proceedings since the interruption of the lock at
+Teddington. These young eels are about two inches in length, and they
+make their approach in one regular and undeviating column of about five
+inches in breadth, and as thick together as it is possible for them to
+be. As the procession generally lasts two or three days, and as they
+appear to move at the rate of nearly two miles and a half an hour, some
+idea may be formed of their enormous number.
+
+    [6] From the following lines of Oppian, the rambling spirit of
+        eels seems to have been known to the ancients--
+
+                        The wandering eel,
+        Oft to the neighbouring beach will silent steal"
+
+    [7] I have been informed, upon the authority of a nobleman well
+        known for his attachment to field sports, that, if an eel is
+        found on land, its head is invariably turned towards the sea,
+        for which it is always observed to make in the most direct line
+        possible. If this information is correct (and there seems to be
+        no reason to doubt it.) it shows that the eel, like the swallow,
+        is possessed of a strong migratory instinct. May we not suppose
+        that the swallow, like the eel, performs its migrations in the
+        same undeviating course?
+
+
+"Eels feed on almost all animal substances, whether dead or living. It
+is well known that they devour the young of all water-fowl that are not
+too large for them. Mr. Bingley states, that he saw exposed for sale at
+Retford, in Nottinghamshire, a quantity of eels that would have filled a
+couple of wheelbarrows, the whole of which had been taken out of the
+body of a dead horse, thrown into a ditch near one of the adjacent
+villages; and a friend of mine saw the body of a man taken out of the
+Serpentine River in Hyde Park, where it had been some time, and from
+which a large eel crawled out. The winter retreat of eels is very
+curious. They not only get deep into the mud, but in Bushy Park, where
+the mud in the ponds is not very deep, and what there is, is of a sandy
+nature, the eels make their way under the banks of the ponds, and have
+been found knotted together in a large mass. Eels vary much in size in
+different waters. The largest I ever caught was in Richmond Park, and it
+weighed five pounds, but some are stated to have been caught in Ireland
+which weighed from fifteen to twenty pounds. Seven pounds is, I believe,
+no unusual size. The large ones are extremely strong and muscular.
+Fishing one day at Pain's Hill, near Cobham, in Surrey, I hooked an eel
+amongst some weeds, but before I could land him, he had so twisted a new
+strong double wire, to which the hook was fixed, that he broke it and
+made his escape."
+
+Sir Humphry Davy's opinions respecting eels are quoted from his
+_Salmonia_:[8] Mr. Jesse adds:
+
+
+    [8] See MIRROR, vol. xii. p. 253.
+
+
+"It is with considerable diffidence that one would venture to differ in
+opinion with Sir Humphry Davy, but I cannot help remarking, that, as
+eels are now known to migrate _from_ fresh water, as was shown in the
+case of the Richmond Park ponds, this restless propensity may arise from
+their impatience of the greater degree of warmth in those ponds in the
+month of May, and not from their wish to get into water still warmer, as
+suggested by Sir Humphry Davy. Very large eels are certainly found in
+rivers, the Thames and Mole for instance, where I have seen them so that
+they must either have remained in them, or have returned from the sea,
+which Sir H. Davy thinks they never do, though I should add, that the
+circumstance already related of so many large eels being seen dead or
+dying during a hot summer, near the Nore, would appear to confirm his
+assertion. If eels are oviparous, as Sir Humphry Davy thinks they are,
+would not the ova have been found, especially in the conger,--many of
+which are taken and brought to our markets, frequently of a very large
+size? It does not appear, however, that any of the fringes along the
+air-bladder have ever arrived at such a size and appearance as to have
+justified any one in the supposition that they were ovaria, though, as
+has been stated, distinguished naturalists, from the time of Aristotle
+to the present moment, have been endeavouring to ascertain this fact.
+Since the above was written, I have been shown ova in the lamprey, and
+what appeared to have been melt taken from a conger eel, at a
+fishmonger's in Bond-street. These specimens were preserved by Mr.
+Yarrell, of Little Ryder-street, St. James's, who had the kindness to
+open two eels, sent to him from Scotland, in my presence, and in which
+the fringes were very perceptible, though they were without any ova.
+That ingenious and indefatigable naturalist is, however, of opinion that
+eels are oviparous, though he failed in producing proof that the common
+eels were so.
+
+"In further proof, however, of eels being viviparous, it may be added
+(if the argument of analogy applies in this case), that the animalculæ
+of paste eels are decidedly viviparous. Mr. Bingley also, in his animal
+biography, says that eels are viviparous. Blumenbach says, too, that
+'according to the most correct observations they are certainly
+viviparous.' He adds also, that, the eel is so tenacious of life, that
+its heart, when removed from the body, retains its irritability for
+forty hours afterwards."
+
+We are not inclined to attach very considerable importance to Mr.
+Bingley's experience, much as we admire his entertaining _Animal
+Biography_: we believe him to be classed among book-naturalists, and he
+wrote this work many years since.
+
+(_To be continued_.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+QUEEN ANNE'S SPRING, NEAR ETON.
+
+
+[Illustration: Queen Anne's Spring, near Eton.]
+
+
+(_From a Correspondent_.)
+
+The accompanying sketch represents a sequestered spot of sylvan shade
+whence rises a Spring which tradition designates Queen Anne's. Here the
+limpid crystal flows in gentle, yet ceaseless streams, conveying "Health
+to the sick and solace to the swain."
+
+It has some claims to antiquity; and its merits have been appreciated by
+royalty. Queen Anne was the first august personage who had recourse to
+it; in later times, Queen Charlotte for many years had the pure element
+conveyed to her royal abode at Windsor, and in 1785, a stone, with a
+cipher and date, was placed there by her illustrious consort, George
+III. This spring is situate at Chalvey, (a village between Eton and Salt
+Hill,) on the property of J. Mason, Esq., Cippenham. It was the
+observation of the esteemed and celebrated Dr. Heberdeen, that it but
+required a physician to write a treatise on the water, to render it as
+efficacious as Malvern.
+
+URANIA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Spirit Of The Public Journals.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+STATE OF MAGIC IN EGYPT, BY AN EYE-WITNESS.
+
+
+At the Consul General's table, in Egypt, in August, 1822, the
+conversation turned on the belief in magic; and the Consul's Italian
+Staff propounded the following story, which seemed to have perfect
+possession of their best belief. They said that a magician of great name
+was then in Cairo--I think a Mogrebine; and that he had been sent for to
+the Consul's house, and put to the following proof:--A silver spoon had
+been lost, and he was invited to point out the thief. On arriving, he
+sent for an Arab boy at hazard out of the street, and after various
+ceremonies, poured ink into the boy's hand, into which the boy was to
+look. It was stated, that he asked the boy what he saw, and the boy
+answered, "_I see a little man_,"--Tell him to bring a flag,--"_Now he
+has brought a flag_."--Tell him to bring another.--"_Now he has brought
+another_."--Tell him to bring a third,--"_Now he has brought it_."--Tell
+him to bring a fourth.--"_He has brought it_."--Tell him to bring the
+captain of them all.--"_I see a great Sheik on horseback_."--Tell him to
+bring the man that stole the spoon.--"_Now he has brought him_."--What
+is he like?--"_He is a Frangi, poor-looking and mesquin_." After which
+followed other points of personal description not remembered; but which
+drew from the Staff the observation, that a European of exactly those
+qualities had been about the house. We expressed our desire to be
+introduced to the magician, and the Consul gravely intimated it might
+hurt the prejudices of his wife, as being a Catholic; to the great mirth
+of the beautiful Consuless when she was told of it, who, though a
+Catholic and an Italian, declared she was the only person in the family
+that set all the magicians in Egypt at defiance.
+
+Having some time afterwards established ourselves in a house of our own,
+on the edge of the garden of the Austrian Consulate (as I remember by
+the token that a Turkish officer who had been taking his evening walk of
+meditation, very gravely opened the window from the garden, put in first
+one leg of his huge trousers and then the other, and strode into the
+room followed by his pipe-bearer, as being the shortest cut into the
+street; though I must do him the justice to say he laughed and was very
+conversable, when I brought him up with a salam and a cup of coffee, by
+way of demonstrating there was somebody in the house besides the Arab
+owner), we sent for the magician. I remember a well-dressed personable
+man, of what, after the fashion of the nomenclature in the Chamber of
+Deputies, might be called the young middle-age. He agreed to show us a
+specimen of his art, though I do not recollect that the nature of it was
+defined. He fixed upon our little boy of seven years old to be his
+instrument; and I remember he talked some nonsense about requiring an
+innocent agent, and how a woman might do as well, if she could plead the
+innocent presence of the unborn. He dispatched a servant into the bazar,
+to procure frankincense and other things which he directed; and on their
+being produced we all retired into a room, and closed the doors and
+windows. An earthen pot was placed in the middle of the floor,
+containing fire, and the magician sat down by it. He placed the little
+boy before him, and poured ink into the hollow of the boy's hand, and
+bid him look into it steadily. I think the mother rather quailed, at
+seeing her child in such propinquity with "the Enemy;" but recovered
+herself on being exhorted to defy the devil and all his works. And the
+thing was not entirely without danger from another quarter; for it was
+understood the Pasha had directed a special edict against all dealing
+with familiar spirits; and the Pasha's edicts were not altogether to be
+trifled with, as we knew from the mishap of a poor Indian servant, who
+was caught in the bazar in the fact of taking thirteen of the Pasha's
+tin piasters in change for a dollar, when the political economy of Cairo
+had decreed that twelve were to be equal in public estimation, and was
+immediately incarcerated in the place of skulls, or at least of heads,
+from which it is supposed he would have come out shorn of his beard and
+the chin it grew from, if the Consular cocked hat and Abyssinian charger
+had not proceeded at a gallop to the Court at Shubra, to claim him as a
+subject of the British crown; and much did poor Baloo vow, that no
+earthly temptation should take him again to quit the gentle rule of the
+old Lady in Leadenhall-street, who, though she pinches a Peishwa and
+mercilessly screws a renter when it suits her, it must be allowed has a
+reverent care for the heads of all her lieges, and gives them a fair
+chance of going to their graves with the members nature had bestowed on
+them.
+
+_Hisce positis_, as the logicians say, the magician began his process.
+The boy was innocent of fear; being in fact a person rather perplexed
+and imperfect in those parts of theology that should have caused him to
+feel alarm. His native nurse first taught him to kiss his hand to the
+moon walking in brightness; which, being especially reprobated in the
+book of Job, we persuaded him to renounce. We next found him making
+salams as he passed the fat old gentleman with an elephant's head, and
+other foul idolatries bedaubed with rose-pink and butter, that show
+themselves on various milestone-like appurtenances to an Indian road.
+After his visit to the Persian Gulph he leaned more towards monotheism;
+and I once found him seated between two guns on the quarter-deck of an
+Arab frigate, in the midst of a fry of devotees of little more than his
+own age, busily engaged in chanting canticles in praise of Mohammed the
+"amber-_ee_." His early leaning towards the ugly gods of Hindoston, had
+made it a delicate matter to introduce him to our Evil Principle; and
+the fact was, that when he afterwards saw the Freischutz in England, we
+had no means of making him comprehend the nature of the crimson fiend,
+but by telling him he was a relation of his old elephant-headed friend
+Gunputty. On the whole I imagine there never was a better subject to
+cope with a sorcerer; and when he asked the cause of the immediate
+preparations we told him the man was going to show some feats of
+legerdemain such as he used to see in India. The magician began by
+throwing grains of incense upon the fire, bowing with a seesaw motion
+and repeating "_Heyya hadji Capitân, Heyya hadji Capitân;_" which being
+interpreted, if it was intended to have any meaning, would appear to
+imply "_Hurra, pilgrim Captain!_" being, as I understood it at the time,
+an invocation by his style and title, of the spirit he wished to see.
+When nothing came, he increased his zeal after the manner of a priest of
+Baal, and seemed determined that if the "Captain" was sleeping or on a
+journey, he should not be missed for want of calling. One slight
+_variorum_ reading I observed. Instead of saying to the boy "What do you
+see?" as had been reported--he said "_Do you see a little man?_" which,
+if he had been accessible to fear or phantasy, was manifestly telling
+him what he was to look for. The boy, however, resolutely declared he
+saw nothing; and the sorcerer continued his calls upon his spirit. When
+in this manner curiosity had been roused to something like expectation,
+the boy suddenly exclaimed, "I see something!"--_Tremor occupat
+artis;_--when he quashed it all by adding, "I see my nose." By the dim
+light of the fire, he had succeeded in getting a glimpse of his own
+countenance reflected in the ink. The magician doubled his exertions by
+way of carrying the thing off; but there was much less gravity in his
+audience afterwards; and at last he was forced to declare that the
+spirit would not come, and the reason he believed was because we were
+Christians. He said, however, if an Arab boy was substituted the spirit
+would come. A servant therefore was sent out to bring a boy by the offer
+of a piastre, and one was soon produced. Whether there was any
+confederacy or not, I had no precise means to ascertain; but I was
+inclined to think not. The Arab boy was trusted with the ink in place of
+the European, and on the magician's asking him the leading question "Do
+you see a little man?" he took but one look and answered "Yes." The
+orders then followed "Tell him to bring a flag." &c. to all of which,
+whether operated on by some dread of refusing, or by the natural
+inclination of one rogue to help another, he duly answered that the
+thing was done. I do not remember any further _denoĂąment_ that there
+was; and so ended the magic of the magician of Grand Cairo.
+
+Being disappointed in this experiment, we began to seek for the
+opportunity of making others, and offered a reward for any person who
+would show us a specimen of imp or spirit. One man was produced, who was
+stated to be of considerable fame. He said he would show me a spirit;
+but I must go out with him three nights running to a cross road at
+midnight, and perform divers ceremonies and lustrations which he
+proceeded to describe. I believe he he had got an inkling, that I
+intended to leave Cairo the next day. I told him, however, that I would
+cheerfully go through any ceremonies he might propose. He next said, it
+would be necessary that I should repeat the name of the spirit I called
+for, eleven thousand times; and this I assured him I would painfully
+perform. He then said, he was afraid at my age the operation would be
+dangerous. I wonder whether the rogue meant that I was too young, or too
+old, or too middle-aged; for I was exactly thirty-eight. Seeing that I
+only pressed him the more, he took his fee and walked off, intimating
+that there was no use in doing these things with Frangis.
+
+I saw another instance in Cairo, of the way in which a story accumulates
+by telling, and the degree in which even sensible Europeans by long
+residence are induced to give into the beliefs they find around them.
+The conversation turned one day on the power of charming serpents,
+supposed to be inherent in certain descendants of the _Psylli_. One of
+the Consular Staff immediately declared, that a most remarkable instance
+of the fact had happened in the Consul-General's own courtyard the day
+before. That one of those gifted men had come into the yard, and
+declared he knew by his art that there were serpents in the stable; and
+that he had immediately gone and summoned forth two snakes of the most
+poisonous kind, which he seized in his hands and brought, in the
+presence of the relator, to the Consular threshold. Now it happened to
+me to see the whole of this scene. I was wandering about the Consul's
+court, gazing at the curiosities scattered around, enough to have set up
+any European museum with an Egyptian branch, and particularly, I
+remember, at a lame mummy's crutch, found with him in his coffin, on
+which it is possible the original owner hopped away from the plague of
+frogs. An old rural Arab of respectable appearance was standing at the
+Consul's door, holding in his hand the crooked stick which an Arab keeps
+to recover the halter of his camel if he happens to lose it while
+mounted, and presenting altogether a parallel to a substantial yeoman
+with his riding-whip, come to town to do a little justice business with
+the Mayor. A stable-keeper came and said, that two snakes had made their
+appearance in the stable; on which the Arab, being no more in the habit
+of fearing such vermin than a European farmer of fearing rats, proceeded
+towards the stable, and I followed him. Sure enough there were two
+snakes in dalliance in the horse's stall; and my construction was, that
+it was the poor animals' St. Valentine. The Arab, however, ruthlessly
+smote them with his gib stick, in a way that showed an exact
+comprehension of what would settle a snake; and brought them hanging by
+the tails and still writhing with the remains of life, and laid them at
+the threshold of the house. I looked at the snakes, and felt a strong
+persuasion that they were of a harmless kind; but whether they were or
+not, was of small moment as the Arab treated them.
+
+I remember in India once driving one of the snake-jugglers to discovery.
+He told the servants there were snakes in the stable; and offered to
+produce one. He accordingly went, with piping and other ceremonies, and
+soon demonstrated a goodly _cobra de capello_ struggling by the tail. He
+secured this in his repertory of snakes, and said he thought there was
+another; on which he went through the same operations again. Though he
+had been too quick for me on both occasions, I offered him a rupee to
+produce a third, which he agreed to; and this time I saw the snake's
+head, struggling rather oddly in his nether garments. He ran into the
+horse's stall, rushed forward with a shriek to distract attention, and
+then I saw him jerk out a snake of some four feet long, and drag it
+backwards by the tip of the tail as if desperately afraid of it. Knowing
+his snakes must be an exhaustible quantity, I proffered a second rupee
+for another, taking care to keep between him and the snake-basket; which
+he declined. But on turning round and giving him a chance to communicate
+with his receptacle, he quickly presented himself with the assurance
+that now he thought he knew where a serpent might be lodged. The Indian
+servants all devoutly believed in his skill; but it is impossible not to
+be ashamed of Europeans, who adorn their books with marks of similar
+gullibility.--_Abridged from Tait's Edinburgh Mag._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Notes of a Reader
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+RECREATIONS IN THE LAW.
+
+
+Gentle reader, we are not about to direct your notice to the Temple
+Gardens, the olden feasts in our Law Halls--through which men ate their
+way to eminence--nor to prove that looking to a Chancellorship is
+woolgathering--nor to invite you to the shrubby groves of Lincoln's Inn,
+or to promenade with the spirit of BACON in Gray's Inn. All these may be
+pleasurable occupations; but there is mirth in store in the _study_ of
+the Law itself, which is not "dull and crabbed as some fools (or knaves)
+suppose."
+
+In a recent _Mirror_, (No. 540) this may have been made manifest to the
+reader in the Legal Rhymes, quoted by our correspondent, _W.A.R.;_[9]
+but lo! here is a volume of evidence in "_The Cenveyancer's Guide;_" a
+Poem, by John Crisp, Esq., of Furnival's Inn; in which the art of
+Conveyancing is sung in Hudibrastic verse, and said in notes of pleasant
+prose. Happy are we to see Mr. Crisp's volume in a third edition, since
+we opine from this success the bright moments of relief which his Muse
+may have shed upon the _viginti annorum lucubrutiones_ of thousands
+of students. We have not space for quotations from the poem itself, in
+which _Doe_ and _Roe_ figure as heroes, with their occasional
+friend Thomas Stiles. We can only say their movements are sung with the
+terseness and point which we so much admire in the great originals, so
+as to make men acknowledge there is good in every thing. Our extracts
+are from the Introduction and Notes. First is
+
+
+A LEGAL GLEE.
+
+  "A woman having a settlement,
+    Married a man with none,
+  The question was, he being dead,
+    If that she had was gone.
+  Quoth _Sir John Pratt_, her settlement
+    Suspended did remain,
+  Living the husband--but him dead,
+    It doth revive again.
+
+
+            "CHORUS OF PUISNE JUDGES.
+         "Living the husband--but him dead,
+                It doth revive again."
+
+
+    [9] ERRATA in one of our correspondent's "Legal
+
+          for "six beaches," read "six braches."
+          for "book ycleped," read "_bock ylered_."
+          for "token" read "_teken_."
+          for "Hamelyn" read "_Howelin_."
+
+        Corrected from Blount's _Tenures_, p. 665, ed. 1815.
+
+
+A print of Westminster Hall, by Mosely, from a drawing made by Gravelot,
+who died in 1773, bears the following versified inscription:--
+
+
+  "When fools fall out, for ev'ry flaw,
+  They run horn mad to go to law,
+  A hedge awry, a wrong plac'd gate,
+  Will serve to spend a whole estate.
+  Your case the lawyer says is good,
+  And justice cannot he withstood;
+  By tedious process from above,
+  From office they to office move,
+  Thro' pleas, demurrers, the dev'l and all,
+  At length they bring it to the _Hall_;
+  The dreadful hall by Rufus rais'd,
+  For lofty Gothick arches prais'd.
+
+  "The _first of Term_, the fatal day,
+  Doth various images convey;
+  First, from the courts with clam'rous bawl,
+  The _criers_ their _attornies_ call;
+  One of the gown discreet and wise,
+  By _proper_ means his witness tries;
+  From _Wreathock's_ gang, not right or laws,
+  H' assures his trembling client's cause.
+  _This_ gnaws his haudkerchies, whilst _that_
+  Gives the kind ogling nymph his hat;
+  Here one in love with choristers,
+  Minds singing more than law affairs.
+  A _Serjeant_ limping on behind,
+  Shews justice lame as well as blind.
+  To gain new clients some dispute,
+  Others protract an ancient suit,
+  Jargon and noise alone prevail,
+  Whilst sense and reason's sure to fail:
+  At _Babel_ thus _law terms_ begun,
+  And now at West----er go on."
+
+
+At page 24, of the Poem, there is a happy allusion to the permanence or
+lasting of a limitation:
+
+
+  "But if the limitation's made
+  So long as cheating's us'd in trade,
+  Or vice prevails: 'tis then a fee,
+  As good as ever need to be:
+  For tho' 'tis base instead of pure,
+  Alas it ever will endure."
+
+
+Upon this passage is the following confirmative note: "Cheating will
+always prevail, in defiance of all human laws, for it cannot be avoided,
+but so long as contracts be suffered, many offences shall follow
+thereby."--(_Doctor and Student_, c. 3.) In buying and selling, the law
+of nations connives at some cunning and overreaching in respect of the
+price. By the civil law, a just price is said to be that, whereby
+neither the buyer nor seller is injured above one moiety of the true and
+common value; and in this case the person injured shall not be relieved
+by rescinding the sale, for he must impute it to his own imprudence and
+indiscretion.
+
+The origin of _Fee-tail estates_:
+
+
+    "The expression, fee-tail, was borrowed from the feudists, among
+    whom it signified any mutilated or truncated inheritance from which
+    the heirs general were cut off, being derived from the barbarous
+    word _taliare_ to cut.--(2 _Blac. Comm_. 112.)
+
+
+_Fines and Recoveries (as fund and refund_,) are like the poles, arctic
+and attractive. Of the latter is the following _quid-pro-quo_ anecdote:
+
+
+    "A physician of an acrimonious disposition, and having a thorough
+    hatred of lawyers, was in company with a barrister, and in the
+    course of conversation, reproached the profession of the latter with
+    the use of phrases utterly unintelligible. 'For example,' said he,
+    'I never could understand what you lawyers mean by docking an
+    entail.' 'That is very likely,' answered the lawyer, 'but I will
+    explain it to you; it is doing what you doctors never consent
+    to--_suffering a recovery_.'
+
+
+Among the notes to _Rights and Titles_ is the following:
+
+
+    "Master _Mason_, of _Trinity College_, sent his pupil to another of
+    the fellows to borrow a book of him, who told him, 'I am loth to
+    lend books out of my chamber, but if it please thy tutor to come and
+    read upon it in my chamber, he shall as long as he will.' It was
+    winter, and some days after the same fellow sent to Mr. _Mason_ to
+    borrow his bellows, but Mr. _Mason_ said to his pupil, 'I am loth to
+    lend my bellows out of my chamber, but if thy tutor would come and
+    blow the fire in my chamber, he shall as long as he will.'
+
+
+In the next page is a note on the _Nature of Property_, in the
+perspicuous style of a master-mind:
+
+
+    "There is nothing which so generally strikes the imagination, and
+    engages the affections of mankind, as the right of property; or that
+    sole and despotic dominion which one man claims and exercises over
+    the external things of the world, in total exclusion of the right of
+    any other individual in the universe. And yet there are very few
+    that will give themselves the trouble to consider the original and
+    foundation of this right. Pleased as we are with the possession, we
+    seem afraid to look back to the means by which it was acquired, as
+    if fearful of some defect in our title; or at best we rest satisfied
+    with the decision of the laws in our favour, without examining the
+    reason and authority upon which those laws have been built. We think
+    it enough that our title is derived by the grant of the former
+    proprietor, by descent from our ancestors, or by the last will and
+    testament of the dying owner; not caring to reflect that (accurately
+    and strictly speaking) there is no foundation in nature, or in
+    natural law, why a set of words upon parchment should convey the
+    dominion of land; why the son should have a right to exclude his
+    fellow creature from a determinate spot of ground, because his
+    father had so done before him; or why the occupier of a particular
+    field, or of a jewel, when lying on his death bed, and no longer
+    able to maintain possession, should be entitled to tell the rest
+    of the world which of them should enjoy it after him.--(2 _Blac.
+    Comm._ 2)
+
+    "The _two sheriff's of London_ are the _one sheriff of Middlesex_;
+    thus constituting in the latter case, what may be denominated, in
+    the words of _George Colman the Younger_, (see his address to the
+    Reviewers, in his _vagaries_,) 'a plural unit.' Henry the First,
+    in the same charter by which he declared and confirmed the
+    privileges of the City of _London_, (and among others, that of
+    choosing their own sheriffs,) conferred on them, in consideration of
+    an annual rent of 300_l._, to be paid to his majesty and his
+    successors for ever, the perpetual sheriffalty of _Middlesex_. This
+    was an enormous price; 300_l._. in those days were equal to more
+    than three times as many thousands at the present time.
+
+
+Here is a lively commentary upon the _Inclosure Acts_:
+
+
+    "To a pamphlet which was published some years ago, against the
+    propriety of enclosing _Waltham Forest_, the following quaint motto
+    was prefixed:
+
+
+      "The fault is great in man or woman,
+      Who steals a goose from off a common,
+      But who can plead that man's excuse,
+      Who steals the common from the goose?"
+
+
+How to decide a Chancery Suit:
+
+"The _Shellys_ were a family of distinction in _Sussex_. _Richard_ and
+_Thomas Shelly_ were a long time engaged in litigation; and Queen
+Elizabeth hearing of it, ordered her Lord Chancellor to summon the
+Judges to put an end to it, to prevent the ruin of so ancient a
+family."--(_Engl. Baronets_, ed. 1737.)
+
+With these pleasantries we leave the _Conveyancer's Guide_, hoping it
+may be long ere the witty author sings his "Farewell to his Muse."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Manners & Customs of all Nations.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE CURFEW BELL.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+  Hark! the curfews solemn sound;
+  Silence, darkness, spreads around.
+
+
+There are now but few places in which this ancient custom--the memento
+of the iron sway of William the Conqueror--is retained.
+
+Its impression when I heard it for the first time, will never be effaced
+from my memory. Let not the reader suppose that it was merely the
+_sound_ of the bell to which I allude; to use the language of Thomas
+Moore, I may justly say, "Oh! no, it was something more exquisite
+still."
+
+It was during the autumn of last year, that I had occasion to visit the
+eastern coast of Kent. Accustomed to an inland county, the prospect of
+wandering by the sea shore, and inhaling the sea breezes, afforded me no
+trifling degree of pleasure. The most frequented road to the sea, was
+through a succession of meadows and pastures; the ground becoming more
+irregular and broken as it advanced, till at last it was little better
+than an accumulation of sand-hills. I have since been informed by a
+veteran tar, that these sand-hills bear a striking resemblance to those
+on that part of the coast of Egypt, where the British troops under the
+gallant Abercrombie were landed.
+
+The evening was beautifully calm, not a sound disturbed its
+tranquillity; and the sun was just sinking to repose in all his dying
+glory. At this part of the coast, the sands are hard and firm to walk
+upon; and on arriving at their extremity, where the waves were gently
+breaking at my feet, "forming sweet music to the thoughtful ear," I
+looked around, and gazed on the various objects that presented
+themselves to my view, with feelings of deep interest and pleasure. The
+evening was too far advanced to discern clearly the coast of France, but
+its dim outline might just be traced, bounding the view. Every now and
+then a vessel might be seen making her silent way round the foreland,
+her form gradually lessening, till at last it was entirely lost in the
+distance. As it grew darker, the strong, red glare of the light-house
+shedding its lurid gleams on the waves, added a novel effect to the
+scene.
+
+At the very moment I was turning from the shore, to retrace my steps,
+the deep tone of a distant bell fell on my ear. It was the Curfew
+Bell--which had been tolled regularly at eight o'clock in the evening,
+since the days of the despotic William.
+
+The vast changes that had taken place in society, in fact, in every
+thing, since the institution of this custom, occupied my thoughts during
+my walk; and I felt no little gratification in the assurance that what
+was originally the edict of a barbarous and despotic age, was now merely
+retained as a relic of ancient times.
+
+It may be thought romantic, but the first hearing of the Curfew Bell
+often occurs to my memory; and there are times when I fancy myself
+walking on that lone shore, and the objects that I then thought so
+beautiful, are as distinctly and vividly seen as if I were actually
+there.
+
+REGINALD.
+
+The only drawback from the interest of this brief paper is that the
+writer does not state the name of the Village whence he heard the Curfew
+Bell.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BARBAROUS PUNISHMENTS.
+
+
+It is almost inconceivable how long Fnglishmen have retained their
+barbarous practices. It is not more than a century since a trial for
+witchcraft took place in England, and hardly eighty since one occurred
+in Scotland. The crime of coining the King's money is still treated as
+treason, and women, for the commission of this crime as well as that of
+murdering their husbands, were sentenced to be strangled, and afterwards
+publicly burned. In London this horrible outrage upon civilized feelings
+was perpetrated in Smithfield. One of these melancholy exhibitions took
+place within the memory of many persons. The criminal was a fine young
+woman, and the strangling had not been completed, for when the flames
+reached her at the stake, she uttered a shriek. This produced, as it
+well might, a general horror, and the practice was abandoned, though the
+law was not abrogated. It was the mild and enlightened Sir Samuel
+Romilly who first brought in a bill to annul the old acts which ordered
+the most revolting mutilation of the corpses of traitors, agreeable to a
+sentence expressed in the most barbarous jargon. Mark, this was only a
+few years since, I believe in 1811.
+
+What must have been the taste of our forefathers, who suffered
+miscreants to obtain their livelihood for the moment by stationing
+themselves at Temple-bar, after the rebellion in 1745, with
+magnifying-glasses, that the spectators might more nicely discriminate
+the features of those unfortunate gentlemen whose heads had been fixed
+over the gateway. No London populace, however tumultuary, would now for
+a moment tolerate such an outrage upon all that is decent and
+humane--(From a clever letter in _the Times_ of April 12, by Colonel
+Jones.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE ALTRIVE TALES.
+
+By the Ettrick Shepherd.
+
+
+Mr. Hogg proposes to collect and reprint under the above title, the best
+of the grave and gay tales with which he has aided the Magazines and
+Annuals during the last few years. The Series will extend to fourteen
+volumes, the first of which, now before us, preceded by a poetical
+dedication and autobiographical memoir. The poem is an exquisite
+performance; but the biography, with due allowance for the Shepherd's
+claim, is a most objectionable preface. It is so disfigured with
+self-conceit and vituperative recollections of old grievances, that we
+regret some kind friend of the author did not suggest the omission of
+these personalities. They will be neither advantageous to the writer,
+interesting to the public, nor propitiatory for the work itself; since
+the world care less about the squabbles of authors and booksellers than
+even an "untoward event" in Parliament; and if the writer of every book
+were to detail his vexations as a preface, the publication of a long
+series of "Calamities" might be commenced immediately.
+
+To our way of thinking, the pleasantest part of the Shepherd's memoir is
+his reminiscences of men of talent, with whom his own abilities have
+brought him in contact. Thus, of
+
+
+_Southey._
+
+
+"My first interview with Mr. Southey was at the Queen's Head inn, in
+Keswick, where I had arrived, wearied, one evening, on my way to
+Westmoreland; and not liking to intrude on his family circle that
+evening, I sent a note up to Greta Hall, requesting him to come down and
+see me, and drink one half mutchkin along with me. He came on the
+instant, and stayed with me about an hour and a half. But I was a
+grieved as well as an astonished man, when I found that he refused all
+participation in my beverage of rum punch. For a poet to refuse his
+glass was to me a phenomenon; and I confess I doubted in my own mind,
+and doubt to this day, if perfect sobriety and transcendent poetical
+genius can exist together. In Scotland I am sure they cannot. With
+regard to the English, I shall leave them to settle that among
+themselves, as they have little that is worth drinking.
+
+"Before we had been ten minutes together my heart was knit to Southey,
+and every hour thereafter my esteem for him increased. I breakfasted
+with him next morning, and remained with him all that day and the next;
+and the weather being fine, we spent the time in rambling on the hills
+and sailing on the lake; and all the time he manifested a delightful
+flow of spirits, as well as a kind sincerity of manner, repeating
+convivial poems and ballads, and always between hands breaking jokes on
+his nephew, young Coleridge, in whom he seemed to take great delight. He
+gave me, with the utmost readiness, a poem and ballad of his own, for a
+work which I then projected. I objected to his going with Coleridge and
+me, for fear of encroaching on his literary labours; and, as I had
+previously resided a month at Keswick, I knew every scene almost in
+Cumberland; but he said he was an early riser, and never suffered any
+task to interfere with his social enjoyments and recreations; and along
+with us he went both days.
+
+"Southey certainly is as elegant a writer as any in the kingdom. But
+those who would love Southey as well as admire him, must see him, as I
+did, in the bosom, not only of one lovely family, but of three, all
+attached to him as a father, and all elegantly maintained and educated,
+it is generally said, by his indefatigable pen. The whole of Southey's
+conversation and economy, both at home and afield, left an impression of
+veneration on my mind, which no future contingency shall ever either
+extinguish or injure. Both his figure and countenance are imposing, and
+deep thought is strongly marked in his dark eye; but there is a defect
+in his eyelids, for these he has no power of raising; so that, when he
+looks up, he turns up his face, being unable to raise his eyes; and when
+he looks towards the top of one of his romantic mountains, one would
+think he was looking at the zenith. This peculiarity is what will most
+strike every stranger in the appearance of the accomplished laureate. He
+does not at all see well at a distance, which made me several times
+disposed to get into a passion with him, because he did not admire the
+scenes which I was pointing out. We have only exchanged a few casual
+letters since that period, and I have never seen this great and good man
+again."
+
+In the Recollections of Wordsworth we find related the affront which led
+to Hogg's caricature of Wordsworth's style, an offence which shut out
+the Shepherd from the society of the amiable poet of the Lakes.
+
+"This anecdote has been told and told again, but never truly; and was
+likewise brought forward in the 'Noctes Ambrosianæ,' as a joke; but it
+was no joke; and the plain, simple truth of the matter was thus:--
+
+It chanced one night, when I was there, that there was a resplendent
+arch across the zenith from the one horizon to the other, of something
+like the aurora borealis, but much brighter. It was a scene that is well
+remembered, for it struck the country with admiration, as such a
+phenomenon had never before been witnessed in such perfection; and, as
+far as I could learn, it had been more brilliant over the mountains and
+pure waters of Westmoreland than any where else. Well, when word came
+into the room of the splendid meteor, we all went out to view it; and,
+on the beautiful platform at Mount Ryedale we were all walking, in twos
+and threes, arm-in-arm, talking of the phenomenon, and admiring it. Now,
+be it remembered, that Wordsworth, Professor Wilson, Lloyd, De Quincey,
+and myself, were present, besides several other literary gentlemen,
+whose names I am not certain that I remember aright. Miss Wordsworth's
+arm was in mine, and she was expressing some fears that the splendid
+stranger might prove ominous, when I, by ill luck, blundered out the
+following remark, thinking that I was saying a good thing:--'Hout,
+me'em! it is neither mair nor less than joost a treeumphal airch, raised
+in honour of the meeting of the poets.' 'That's not amiss.--Eh?
+Eh?--that's very good,' said the Professor, laughing. But Wordsworth,
+who had De Quincey's arm, gave a grunt, and turned on his heel, and
+leading the little opium-chewer aside, he addressed him in these
+disdainful and venomous words:--'Poets? Poets?--What does the fellow
+mean?--Where are they?' Who could forgive this? For my part, I never
+can, and never will! I admire Wordsworth; as who does not, whatever they
+may pretend? but for that short sentence I have a lingering ill-will at
+him which I cannot get rid of. It is surely presumption in any man to
+circumscribe all human excellence within the narrow sphere of his own
+capacity. The '_Where are they?_' was too bad! I have always some hopes
+that De Quincey was _leeing_, for I did not myself hear Wordsworth utter
+the words."
+
+Appended to this anecdote is a characteristic observation on the poetry
+of Wordsworth.
+
+"It relates to the richness of his works for quotations. For these they
+are a mine that is altogether inexhaustible. There is nothing in nature
+that you may not get a quotation out of Wordsworth to suit, and a
+quotation too that breathes the very soul of poetry. There are only
+three books in the world that are worth the opening in search of mottos
+and quotations, and all of them are alike rich. These are, the Old
+Testament, Shakspeare, and the poetical works of Wordsworth, and,
+strange to say, the 'Excursion' abounds most in them."
+
+We chanced to fall upon the Shepherd's allusion to the liberties taken
+with his name in _Blackwood's Magazine_, which work owes its
+establishment and much of its early success to Mr. Hogg's co-operation.
+We believe it to be pretty well known that the offensive language
+attributed to the Shepherd in the "Noctes" has no more to do with Mr.
+Hogg than by attempting to imitate his conversational style. This
+impropriety, which is beyond a literary joke, was reprobated some months
+since by the _Quarterly Review_, but here the offending parties are
+properly visited with a burst of honest indignation which may not pass
+unheeded. Mr. Hogg says
+
+
+    "For my part, after twenty years of feelings hardly suppressed, he
+    has driven me beyond the bounds of human patience. That Magazine of
+    his, which owes its rise principally to myself, has often put words
+    and sentiments into my mouth of which I have been greatly ashamed,
+    and which have given much pain to my family and relations, and many
+    of those after a solemn written promise that such freedoms should
+    never be repeated. I have been often urged to restrain and humble
+    him by legal measures as an incorrigible offender deserves. I know I
+    have it in my power, and if he dares me to the task, I want but a
+    hair to make a tether of."
+
+
+The Shepherd appears to have written since 1813, fifteen volumes of
+poetry and as many volumes of prose, besides his contributions to
+periodical works; and, what is not the less extraordinary he was forty
+years of age before he wrote his first poem.
+
+The Tales in the present volume are the Adventures of Captain Lochy, the
+Pongos, and Marion's Jock.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+
+_Marriage Tree_.--A marriage tree, generally of the pine kind, is
+planted in the churchyard, by every new-married couple, in the parish of
+Varallo Pombio, in the Tyrol. A fine grove of pines, the result of this
+custom, now shades this churchyard.
+
+W.G.C.
+
+
+_Slippery Love_.--Thevenard was the first singer of his time, at Paris,
+in the operas of Lulli. He was more than sixty years old when, seeing a
+beautiful _female slipper_ in a shoemaker's shop, he fell violently in
+love, unsight, unseen, with the person for whom it was made; and having
+discovered the lady, married her. He died at Paris in 1741, at the age
+of 72.
+
+P.T.W.
+
+
+Character of England.
+
+Anglia, 1 Mons, 2 Pons, 3 Fons, 4 Ecclesia, 5 Faemina, 6 Lana.
+
+(That is to say:)
+
+For 1, Mountains; 2, Bridges; 3, Rivers; 4, Churches faire; 5, Women;
+and 6, Wool, England is past compare.
+
+G.K.
+
+
+_On our Lady Church in Salisbury_.
+
+
+  How many dayes in one whole year there be,
+  So many windows in one church we see,
+  So many marble pillars there appear,
+  As there are hours throughout the fleeting year.
+  So many gates, as moons one year do view,
+  Strange tale to tell, yet not so strange as true.
+
+G.K.
+
+
+_Astronomical Toasts_.--Lord Chesterfield dined one day with the French
+and Spanish ambassadors. After dinner, toasts were proposed. The Spanish
+ambassador proposed the King of Spain under the title of the Sun. The
+French ambassador gave his king as the Moon. Lord C. then arose, "Your
+excellencies," said he, "have taken the two greatest luminaries, and the
+Stars are too small for a comparison with my royal master. I therefore
+beg to give your excellencies, Joshua."
+
+
+_Talleyrand._--(The following _bon mot_ is worthy of extract from the
+_Literary Gazette_, and smacks of the raciest days of the noble
+utterer.) M. Talleyrand was enjoying his rubber, when the conversation
+turned on the recent union of an elderly lady of respectable rank.
+"However could Madame de S------ make such a match? a person of her
+birth to marry a valet-de-chambre!" "Ah," replied Talleyrand, "it was
+late in the game; at nine we don't reckon honours."
+
+
+_Remarkable Circumstance._--William Coghan, who was at Oxford in the
+year 1575, when the sweating sickness raged at that place, and who has
+given a brief account of its ravages, says, "It began on the sixth day
+of July, from which day to the twelfth day of August next ensuing, there
+died five hundred and ten persons, all men and no women."
+
+P.T.W.
+
+
+_A Loyalist._--The Earl of St. Alban's was, like many other staunch
+loyalists, little remembered by Charles II. He was, however, an
+attendant at court, and one of his majesty's companions in his gay
+hours. On one such occasion, a stranger came with an importunate suit,
+for an office of great value, just vacant. The king, by way of joke,
+comsired the earl to personate him, and demanded the petitioner to be
+admitted. The gentleman addressing himself to the supposed monarch,
+enumerated his services to the royal family, and hoped the grant of the
+place would not be deemed too great a reward. "By no means," answered
+the earl, "and I am only sorry that as soon as I heard of the vacancy, I
+conferred it on my faithful friend, the Earl of St. Alban's," pointing
+to the king, "who constantly followed the fortunes, both of my father
+and myself, and has hitherto gone unrewarded." Charles granted, for this
+joke, what the utmost real services looked for in vain.
+
+T. GILL.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset
+House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic;
+G.G. BENNIS, 55. Run Neuve, St. Augustin, Paris; and by all Newsmen
+and Booksellers._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11567 ***
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+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11567 ***</div>
+
+ <hr class="full" />
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page241" name="page241"></a>[pg 241]</span>
+
+  <h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+  OF<br />
+  LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <table width="100%" summary="Volume, Number, and Date">
+    <tr>
+      <td align="left"><b>VOL. XIX NO. 543.]</b></td>
+      <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, APRIL 21, 1832.</b></td>
+      <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"><a href="images/543-1.png">
+<img width="100%" src="images/543-1.png" alt="Melrose Abbey" /></a>
+</div>
+<h3>MELROSE ABBEY</h3>
+
+<hr />
+
+<center>(<i>From a finished sketch, by a Correspondent.</i>)</center>
+
+<p>These venerable ruins stand upon the southern bank of the Tweed, in
+Roxburghshire. The domestic buildings of the monastery are entirely
+gone; but the remains of the church connected with, as seen in the above
+Engraving, are described by Mr. Chambers<a id="footnotetag1"
+name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> as "the
+finest specimen of Gothic architecture and Gothic sculpture of which
+this country (Scotland) can boast. By singular good fortune, Melrose is
+also one of the most entire, as it is the most beautiful, of all the
+ecclesiastical ruins scattered throughout this reformed land. To say
+that it is beautiful, is to say nothing. It is
+exquisitely&mdash;splendidly lovely. It is an object of infinite grace
+and immeasurable charm; it is fine in its general aspect and in its
+minutest details; it is a study&mdash;a glory." We confess ourselves
+delighted with Mr. Chambers's well-directed enthusiasm.</p>
+
+<p>A page of interesting facts towards
+the history of the Abbey will be found
+appended to the "Recollections" of a
+recent visit by one of our esteemed Correspondents,
+in <i>The Mirror</i>, vol. x.,
+p. 445. In the present view, the ornate
+Gothic style of the building is seen to
+advantage, but more especially the richness
+of the windows, and the niches
+above them: the latter, from drawings
+made "early in the reign of King William,"
+were originally filled with statues;
+and, connected with the destruction of
+some of them, Mr. Chambers relates the
+following anecdote "told by the person
+who shows Melrose:"</p>
+
+<p>"On the eastern window of the
+church, there were formerly thirteen
+effigies, supposed to represent our Saviour
+and his apostles. These, harmless
+and beautiful as they were, happened to
+provoke the wrath of a praying weaver
+in Gattonside, who, in a moment of inspired
+zeal, went up one night by means
+of a ladder, and with a hammer and
+chisel, knocked off the heads and limbs
+of the figures. Next morning he made
+no scruple to publish the transaction,
+observing, with a great deal of exultation,
+to every person whom he met, that he
+had 'fairly stumpet thae vile paipist
+dirt <i>nou!</i>' The people sometimes catch
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page242" id="page242"></a>[pg 242]</span>
+up a remarkable word when uttered on
+a remarkable occasion by one of their
+number, and turn the utterer into ridicule,
+by attaching it to him as a nickname;
+and it is some consolation to
+think that this monster was therefore
+treated with the sobriquet of 'Stumpie,'
+and of course carried it about with him
+to his grave."</p>
+
+<p>The exquisite beauty and elaborate
+ornament of Melrose can, according to
+the entertaining work already quoted,
+be told only in a volume of prose; but,
+as compression is the spirit of true
+poetry, we quote the following descriptive
+lines:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>If thou would'st view fair Melrose aright,</p>
+<p>Go visit it by the pale moonlight;</p>
+<p>For the gay beams of lightsome day</p>
+<p>Gild but to flout the ruins gray.</p>
+<p>When the broken arches are dark in night,</p>
+<p>And each shafted oriel glimmers white;</p>
+<p>When the cold light's uncertain shower</p>
+<p>Streams on the ruin'd central tower;</p>
+<p>When buttress and buttress, alternately,</p>
+<p>Seem framed of ebon and ivory;</p>
+<p>Wnen silver edges the imagery,</p>
+<p>And the scrolls that teach thee to live and die;</p>
+<p>When distant Tweed is heard to rave,</p>
+<p>And the howlet to hoot o'er the dead man's grave,</p>
+<p>Then go&mdash;but go alone the while&mdash;</p>
+<p>Then view St. David's<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> ruined pile;</p>
+<p>And, home returning, soothly swear,</p>
+<p>Was never scene so sad and fair.</p>
+<hr class="short" />
+<p>By a steel-clench'd postern door,</p>
+<p class="i2">They enter'd now the chancel tall;</p>
+<p>The darken'd roof rose high aloof</p>
+<p class="i2">On pillars, lofty, light, and small;</p>
+<p>The key-stone, that lock'd each ribbed aisle,</p>
+<p>Was a fleur-de-lys or a quatre-feuille;</p>
+<p>The corbells<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> were carved grotesque and grim;</p>
+<p>And the pillars, with cluster'd shafts so trim,</p>
+<p>With base and capital furnish'd around,</p>
+<p>Seem'd bundles of lances which garlands had bound.</p>
+<hr class="short" />
+<p>The moon on the east oriel shone,</p>
+<p>Through slender shafts of shapely stone,</p>
+<p class="i2">By foliated tracery combined;</p>
+<p>Thou would'st have thought some fairy's hand</p>
+<p>'Twixt poplars straight the osier wand</p>
+<p class="i2">In many a freakish knot had twined;</p>
+<p>Then framed a spell, when the work was done,</p>
+<p>And changed the willow-wreaths to stone.<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a></p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>The monks of Melrose were caricatured
+for their sensuality at the Reformation.
+Their Abbey suffered in consequence;
+for the condemnator, out of
+the ruins, built himself a house, which
+may still be seen near the church. "The
+regality," says Mr. Chambers, "soon
+after passed into the hands of Lord Binning,
+an eminent lawyer, ancestor to the
+Earl of Haddington; and about a century
+ago, the whole became the property
+of the Buccleuch family."</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>LACONICS.</h3>
+
+<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4>
+
+<p>The most important advantages we
+enjoy, and the greatest discoveries that
+science can boast, have proceeded from
+men who have either seen little of the
+world, or have secluded themselves entirely
+for the purposes of study. Not
+only those arts which are exclusively the
+result of calculation, such as navigation,
+mechanism, and others, but even agriculture,
+may be said to derive its improvement,
+if not its origin, from the same
+source.</p>
+
+<p>Where a cause is good, an appeal
+should be directed to the heart rather
+than the head: the application comes
+more home, and reaches more forcibly,
+where it is the most necessary&mdash;the natural
+rather than the improved faculties
+of the human understanding.</p>
+
+<p>Common sense is looked upon as a
+vulgar quality, but nevertheless it is the
+only talisman to conduct us prosperously
+through the world. The man of refined
+sense has been compared to one who
+carries about with him nothing but gold,
+when he may be every moment in want
+of smaller change.</p>
+
+<p>The grand cause of failure in most
+undertakings is the want of unanimity.
+This, however, we find is not wanting
+where actual danger, as well as possible
+advantage may accrue to the parties concerned.
+It is whimsical enough that
+thieves and other ruffians, while they bid
+open defiance to the laws, both of God
+and man, pay implicit obedience to their
+own.</p>
+
+<p>Aristotle laid it down as a maxim
+"that all inquiry should begin with
+doubt." Whenever, then, we meet with
+mysteries beyond our feeble comprehension,
+would it not be more rational to
+doubt the very faculty we are employing&mdash;the
+capacity of our reason itself.</p>
+
+<p>The most politic, because the most
+effectual way of governing in a family, is
+for the husband occasionally to lay aside
+his supremacy; so in public, as well as
+private life, that king will be most popular
+who does not at all times exercise
+his full prerogative.</p>
+
+<p>It would appear that there is a great
+sympathy between the mind of man and
+falsehood: when we have a truth to tell,
+it takes better, if conveyed in a fable;
+and the rage for novels shows, that we
+may not only divert extremely without
+a syllable of truth, but truth is even compelled
+to borrow the habit of falsehood
+to secure itself an agreeable reception.</p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page243" id="page243"></a>[pg 243]</span>
+
+<p>In our intercourse with others, we
+should endeavour to turn the conversation
+towards those subjects with which
+our companions are professionally acquainted:
+thus we shall agreeably please
+as well as innocently flatter in affording
+them the opportunity to shine; while
+we should acquire that knowledge which
+we could no where else obtain so well.</p>
+
+<p>What an extraordinary method of reducing
+oneself to beggary is gambling!
+The man who has but little money in
+the world, and knows not how to procure
+more without risking his life and
+character, must needs put it in the power
+of fortune to take away what he has.
+Put the case in the opposite light, it is
+just as absurd: the man who has money
+to spare, must needs make the experiment
+whether it may not become the
+property of another.</p>
+
+<p>It is a mistake to suppose a great
+mind inattentive to trifles: its capacity
+and comprehension enable it to embrace
+every thing.</p>
+
+<p>The failing of vanity extends throughout
+all classes: the poor have but little
+time to bestow on their persons, and yet
+in the selection of their clothes we find
+they prefer such as are of a flaring and
+gaudy colour.</p>
+
+<p>Philosophy has not so much enabled
+men to overcome their weaknesses, as it
+has taught the art of concealing them
+from the world.</p>
+
+<p>That a little learning is dangerous is
+one of our surest maxims. If knowledge
+does not produce the effect of ameliorating
+our imperfect condition, it were,
+without question, better let alone altogether;
+it is not to be made merely an
+appendix to the mind, but must be incorporated
+and identified with it.</p>
+
+<p>They who have experienced sorrow
+are the most capable of appreciating joy;
+so, those only who have been sick, feel
+the full value of health.</p>
+
+<p>By the expression "common people,"
+is meant the man of rank as well as the
+more industrious peasant; for in our
+estimate of men, the mind, and not the
+eye, is the most proper judge.</p>
+
+<p>Some men are, of course, more original
+thinkers than others, but all, without
+exception, who hope to appear in print
+with any effect, must first be readers
+themselves. It was said by Dr. Johnson,
+that more than half an author's time was
+occupied in reading what others had
+said concerning the subject he was himself
+writing upon.</p>
+
+<p>Every man, in his more serious moments,
+must confess that he has done
+few things in the course of his life he
+would not wish undone; and experience
+must have shown him that the things he
+most feared would have been better ihan
+those he most prayed for.</p>
+
+<p>Vanity is our dearest weakness, in
+more senses than one: a man will sacrifice
+every thing, and starve out all his
+other inclinations to keep alive that one.</p>
+
+<p>The man who trusts entirely to nature
+when he is sick, runs a great risk; but
+he who puts himself in the hands of a
+physician runs a still greater: of the
+two, nature would seem the better nurse,
+for she will, at all events, act honestly,
+and can have no possible interest in tampering
+with disease.</p>
+
+<p>A great idea may be thus defined:&mdash;it
+gives us the perception of many others,
+and it discovers to us all at once what
+we could only have arrived at by a course
+of reading or inquiry.</p>
+
+<p>We are told to place no faith in appearances,
+yet it will be found a wiser
+course to judge from the human countenance
+rather than the human voice:
+most men place a guard over their words
+and their actions, but very few can blind
+the expression that is conveyed by the
+features.</p>
+
+<p>To assist our fellow-creatures is the
+noblest privilege of mortality: it is, in
+some sort, forestalling the bounty of Providence.</p>
+
+<p>There is no doubt that memory, although
+it may be cultivated, is originally
+a gift of nature; so, also, application
+must be regarded as a natural endowment;
+for there are some men, however
+well disposed, who can never bring themselves
+to grapple closely with any thing.</p>
+
+<p>It has been suggested that man has
+no real necessity for clothing. All other
+creatures are furnished with every necessary
+for their existence, and it is improbable
+one nobler than them all should
+be left in a defective condition: there
+are some nations, in severer climates
+than ours, who have no notion of clothing;
+and, even in civilized life, the most
+tender parts of the body are constantly
+exposed, as the face, neck, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>It is the temper of a blade that must
+be the proof of a good sword, and not
+the gilding of the hilt or the richness of
+the scabbard; so it is not his grandeur
+and possessions that make a man considerable,
+but his intrinsic merit.</p>
+
+<p class="author">F.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page244" id="page244"></a>[pg 244]</span>
+
+<h3>THE KNIGHT'S RETURN.</h3>
+
+<center>FROM THE GERMAN.</center>
+
+<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"Page, what sound mine ears is greeting,</p>
+<p class="i2">Whence the lime-trees wave in pride?"</p>
+<p>"'Tis, sir knight, the herds that bleating,</p>
+<p class="i2">Wander o'er the mountain's side."</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>"Say, my page, what means this singing?</p>
+<p class="i2">Notes so sad, some ill betide;"</p>
+<p>"In the village, crowds are bringing</p>
+<p class="i2">From the chapel, home a bride."</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>"Say then, why so slowly passes</p>
+<p class="i2">Yon dark-rob'd and silent train?"</p>
+<p>"From the saying bridal-masses,</p>
+<p class="i2">Monks are coming o'er the plain."</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>"Speak then, why I now behold it;</p>
+<p class="i2">Whence yon banner's milk-white hue?"</p>
+<p>"Ask no further, they unfold it</p>
+<p class="i2">To the bride an honour due."</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>"Say, my page, what means that writing</p>
+<p class="i2">Graven on yon marble-stone?"</p>
+<p>"'Tis the youth and maiden plighting</p>
+<p class="i2">Love to one, and one alone."</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>"How, my page, that name the dearest?</p>
+<p class="i2">See, and true its meaning tell."</p>
+<p>"Know, and tremble as thou hearest,</p>
+<p class="i2">"'Twas for secret love she fell."</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>"What! my page, if thus 'tis written,</p>
+<p class="i2">If for love she dar'd to die,</p>
+<p>Bertha dead! if thus 'tis written,</p>
+<p class="i2">As she perish'd, so will <i>I</i>."</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p class="author">H.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>SCOTCH ECONOMY.</h3>
+
+<h4>(<i>To the Editor.</i>)</h4>
+
+<p>The amusing letter of <i>S.S</i>. in No.
+536, of <i>The Mirror</i>, has but so very recently
+met my eyes, that I have been
+obliged unavoidably to allow some weeks
+to elapse ere I noticed it. Indeed, to
+advert to it at all, I should not have
+considered necessary, but that your
+correspondent seems to imply a doubt
+as to the accuracy of my assertion, in
+the article "Shavings," (vide No. 533,
+p. 83.) Permit me, for the satisfaction
+of your readers to state, that I was no
+"flying tourist," when the fact of a
+very considerable waste of fuel in Edinburgh,
+(fuel which would, I thought,
+sell in England, if not wanted in Scotland,)
+came repeatedly, I may say, almost
+daily, under my own personal observation.
+A residence of two years in
+Edinburgh (yes, it certainly was "the
+Scottish capital," for I had previously
+resided during a longer period in the
+Irish one,) enabled me to state what I
+then beheld, with a scrutiny which certainly
+would not have been warranted
+by a mere casual visit of two days, two
+weeks, or two months; that the circumstance
+should have irritated <i>S.S</i>. I cannot
+consider any fault of mine; my
+statement was correct. The possibility
+of Irish labourers being employed to
+build in Scotland, as they are very generally
+in England, does not seem to
+have occurred to your correspondent; I
+confess it did to me, but considered, to
+mention it in my trifling "Domestic
+Hint," quite unnecessary, since, had
+their wastefulness been hitherto unknown
+to their employers, it might
+henceforth, if they pleased "to take a
+hint," be by them materially checked.
+In days when the complaint of poverty
+is universal, when the working classes
+find it difficult to carry on any employment
+which shall bring them bread, and
+when thousands wander over the united
+kingdom with no apparent means of
+subsistence, I did not imagine that a
+"Hint," as to a possible source of emolument
+(were it confined but to half a
+dozen individuals) to the poor, would be
+considered a meet subject for ridicule.
+I said, or intended to say, if shavings
+and loose chippings of wood are of little
+value for fuel in Scotland, they are acceptable
+in England; and why, if the
+proprietors of new houses choose during
+their erection, to save the fuel they
+produce, and of which I repeat I have
+seen vast quantities burnt, and bestow it
+as a charity on such persons as might
+think it worth acceptance for sale,
+"over the Border;" why they should
+not do so, I have yet to learn.<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a> However,
+waiving this scheme, which <i>S.S.</i>
+may be inclined to think rather Utopian,
+and conceding, that if Scotland needs
+not for fuel, her refuse chips and shavings,
+they would not answer in that
+light as a marketable commodity in the
+sister country, still wood and wood-ashes
+have become of late years, agents
+so valuable and important in chemistry,
+and other sciences and arts, as to furnish
+another, and all-sufficient reason
+why no reckless destruction should be
+allowed of an article, every species of
+which may be rendered, under some
+modification, of utility.</p>
+
+<p>Respecting the well preserved eggs of
+Scotland; though <i>S.S.</i> is probably aware
+of the circumstance, yet some of your
+readers may not be, their sale in England
+(and indeed I have understood
+America) brings her in no inconsiderable
+profit. In this country they arrive,
+and I have my account from an eye-witness,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page245" id="page245"></a>[pg 245]</span>
+in large deal boxes, most curiously
+packed, relying solely on each
+other for support; since, set up perpendicularly
+on their ends, with no
+straw, heather, saw-dust, or any other
+material to fill the interstices between
+them, the fate of every box of this fragile
+ware depends, during its journey
+and unlading, on the safety or fracture
+of a single egg; but such is the nicety
+and compactness of their packing, that
+rarely, if ever, an accident occurs.</p>
+
+<p class="author">M.L.B.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>PRICE OF TEA.</h3>
+
+<h4>(<i>To the Editor</i>.)</h4>
+
+<p>As I have been a subscriber to <i>The
+Mirror</i> from its commencement, and
+very frequently refer to its pages with
+much pleasure and profit, I hope I may
+be allowed to correct a statement made
+in No. 541, p. 222, under the article
+<i>Tea</i>. It is said that the profit of one
+pound to sell at 7<i>s</i>. is 2<i>s</i>. 2<i>d</i>.</p>
+
+<pre>
+                     s. d.
+  Thus, cost price   2  5
+  Duty               2  5
+  Profit             2  2
+                     ----
+                     7  0
+</pre>
+
+<p>In all retail houses of any respectability
+in the Tea trade, I am sure that
+Tea costing 2<i>s</i>. 5<i>d</i>. at the sale is never
+sold above 6<i>s</i>. per lb. and in five out of
+six shops of the above description 5<i>s</i>. 4<i>d</i>.
+and 5<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. is the utmost price demanded
+for such Tea. I and my family have
+been in the trade, in one house, considerably
+more than half a century, and I
+can assure you, that from 6<i>d</i>. to 8<i>d</i>.
+per lb. is the present retail profit
+upon Tea sold at the East India Company's
+sales, under 3<i>s</i>. per lb.</p>
+
+<p class="author">S.</p>
+
+<p>In reply to this note, the authenticity
+of which we do not question, we
+can only refer the writer to our distinct
+quotation from "the evidence of Mr.
+Mills, a Tea Broker, before the House
+of Lords.' In our 15th volume, No.
+414, p. 104, the proportion of profit is
+differently stated from an article in the
+<i>Quarterly Review</i>. A pound of 11<i>s</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="author">Hyson</p>
+
+<pre>
+                                     s. d.
+  Costs at the Company's Sale        4  4
+  King's Duty                        4  4
+                                     ----
+                                     8  8
+  Retailer's profit, brokerage, &amp;c.  2  4
+                                    -----
+                                    11  0
+</pre>
+
+<p>We have often received from one of
+the most extensively dealing retail Tea-dealers
+in the metropolis, an assurance,
+similar to that of our correspondent, <i>S</i>.
+so that we do not require the substantiation
+he proffers.&mdash;<i>Ed. M</i>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>The Naturalist.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>GLEANINGS IN NATURAL HISTORY.</h3>
+
+<p>Observers of Nature seem to be just
+now appreciating the observation of the
+benevolent <i>Gilbert White</i>, of Selborne,
+who lived and died in the last century:
+"that if stationary men would pay some
+attention to the districts on which they
+reside, and would publish their thoughts
+respecting the objects that surround
+them, from such materials might be
+drawn the most complete county histories."
+Accordingly, a little system of
+rural philosophy has been founded upon
+the best of all bases, home-observation,
+and such books as have resulted from
+these labours, promise to make the
+study of Nature more popular than will
+all the Zoological, Botanical, and Geological
+Societies of Europe. Among these
+works we include the cheap reprint of
+the <i>Natural History of Selborne</i>; Mr.
+Rennie's delightful observations which
+are scattered through the Zoological
+volumes of the <i>Library of Entertaining
+Knowledge</i>; but more especially the
+<i>Journal of a Naturalist</i>, published by
+Mr. Leonard Knapp, about three years
+since, and stated by the author to have
+originated in his admiration of Mr.
+White's <i>Selborne</i>. The volume before
+us is the result of a congenial feeling,
+and is written by Edward Jesse, Esq.,
+deputy surveyor of his majesty's parks,
+by means of which appointment he must
+have possessed peculiar opportunities
+and facilities of observation, as is evident
+in the local recollections throughout
+his volume. Thus, we find miscellaneous
+particulars of the Royal Parks
+and Forests, and from the writer's residence
+on the bank of the Thames, (we
+conclude, near Bushy Park,) a few
+Maxims for an Angler. The whole is
+a very charming <i>melange</i>, with a most
+discursive arrangement, it is true, but
+never falling into dulness, or tiring the
+reader with too minute detail. We intend,
+therefore, to range through the
+volume, and gather a few of its most
+interesting gleanings to our garner.</p>
+
+<p>Our author thinks he has discovered
+the use for the remarkable and, indeed,
+what appears disproportionate length,
+of the</p>
+
+<h3>Claws of the Skylark.</h3>
+
+<p>"That they were not intended to enable
+the bird to search the earth for
+food, or to fix itself more securely on
+the branches of trees, is evident, as
+they neither scratch the ground nor
+roost on trees. The lark makes its
+nest generally in grass fields, where it
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page246" id="page246"></a>[pg 246]</span>
+is liable to be injured either by cattle
+grazing over it, or by the mower. In
+case of alarm from either these or other
+causes, the parent birds remove their
+eggs, by means of their long claws, to
+a place of greater security; and this
+transportation I have observed to be effected
+in a very short space of time. By
+placing a lark's egg, which is rather
+large in proportion to the size of the
+bird, in the foot, and then drawing the
+claws over it, you will perceive that
+they are of sufficient length to secure
+the egg firmly, and by this means the
+bird is enabled to convey its eggs to
+another place, where she can sit upon
+and hatch them. When one of my
+mowers first told me that he had observed
+the fact, I was somewhat disinclined
+to credit it; but I have since ascertained
+it beyond a doubt, and now mention it
+as another strong proof of that order
+in the economy of Nature, by means of
+which this affectionate bird is enabled
+to secure its forthcoming offspring. I
+call it affectionate, because few birds
+show a stronger attachment to their
+young."</p>
+
+<h3>Instinct allied to reason.</h3>
+
+<p>Several interesting anecdotes are quoted
+to show that there is something more
+than mere instinct, which influences the
+conduct of some animals. Bees and
+spiders afford many traits, but we quote
+the elephant and parrot:</p>
+
+<p>"I was one day feeding the poor
+elephant (who was so barbarously put
+to death at Exeter 'Change) with potatoes,
+which he took out of my hand.
+One of them, a round one, fell on the
+floor, just out of the reach of his proboscis.
+He leaned against his wooden
+bar, put out his trunk, and could just
+touch the potato, but could not pick it
+up. After several ineffectual efforts, he
+at last <i>blew</i> the potato against the opposite
+wall with sufficient force to make it
+rebound, and he then, without difficulty,
+secured it.  Now it is quite clear, I
+think, that instinct never taught the
+elephant to procure his food in this manner;
+and it must, therefore, have been
+reason, or some intellectual faculty,
+which enabled him to be so good a judge
+of cause and effect.  Indeed, the <i>reflecting</i>
+power of some animals is quite
+extraordinary. I had a dog who was
+much attached to me, and who, in consequence
+of his having been tied up on
+a Sunday morning, to prevent his accompanying
+me to church, would conceal
+himself in good time on that day,
+and I was sure to find him either at the
+entrance of the church, or if he could
+get in, under the place where I usually
+sat.</p>
+
+<p>"I have been often much delighted
+with watching the manner in which
+some of the old bucks in Bushy Park
+contrive to get the berries from the fine
+thorn-trees there. They will raise
+themselves on their hind legs, give a
+spring, entangle their horns in the lower
+branches of the tree, give them one or
+two shakes, which make some of the
+berries full, and they will then quietly
+pick them up.</p>
+
+<p>"A strong proof of intellect was
+given in the case of Colonel O'Kelly's
+parrot. When the colonel and his parrot
+were at Brighton, the bird was
+asked to sing; he answered 'I can't,'
+Another time he left off in the middle
+of a tune, and said, 'I have forgot.'
+Colonel O'Kelly continued the tune for
+a few notes; the parrot took it up
+where the Colonel had left off. The
+parrot took up the bottom of a lady's
+petticoat, and said 'What a pretty foot!'
+The parrot seeing the family at breakfast
+said, 'Won't you give some breakfast
+to Poll?' The company teazed
+and mopped him a good deal; he said
+'I don't like it.'&mdash;(From a Memorandum
+found amongst the late Earl of Guildford's
+Papers.)"</p>
+
+<h3>Eels.</h3>
+
+<p>Several pages are devoted to the
+economy of these curious creatures, and
+as many points of their history are
+warmly contested, Mr. Jesse's experience
+is valuable.</p>
+
+<p>"That they do wander<a id="footnotetag6" name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a> from one
+place to another is evident, as I am assured
+that they have been found in ponds
+in Richmond Park, which had been previously
+cleaned out and mudded, and
+into which no water could run except
+from the springs which supplied it.<a id="footnotetag7" name="footnotetag7"></a><a href="#footnote7"><sup>7</sup></a>
+An annual migration of young eels takes
+place in the River Thames in the month
+of May, and they have generally made
+their appearance at Kingston, in their
+way upwards, about the second week in
+that month, and accident has so determined
+it, that, for several years together
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page247" id="page247"></a>[pg 247]</span>
+it was remarked that the 10th of May
+was the day of what the fishermen call
+eel-fair; but they have been more irregular
+in their proceedings since the
+interruption of the lock at Teddington.
+These young eels are about two inches
+in length, and they make their approach
+in one regular and undeviating column
+of about five inches in breadth, and as
+thick together as it is possible for them
+to be. As the procession generally
+lasts two or three days, and as they appear
+to move at the rate of nearly two
+miles and a half an hour, some idea may
+be formed of their enormous number.</p>
+
+<p>"Eels feed on almost all animal substances,
+whether dead or living. It is
+well known that they devour the young
+of all water-fowl that are not too large
+for them. Mr. Bingley states, that he
+saw exposed for sale at Retford, in Nottinghamshire,
+a quantity of eels that
+would have filled a couple of wheelbarrows,
+the whole of which had been
+taken out of the body of a dead horse,
+thrown into a ditch near one of the adjacent
+villages; and a friend of mine
+saw the body of a man taken out of the
+Serpentine River in Hyde Park, where
+it had been some time, and from which
+a large eel crawled out. The winter
+retreat of eels is very curious. They
+not only get deep into the mud, but in
+Bushy Park, where the mud in the ponds
+is not very deep, and what there is, is of
+a sandy nature, the eels make their way
+under the banks of the ponds, and have
+been found knotted together in a large
+mass. Eels vary much in size in different
+waters. The largest I ever caught
+was in Richmond Park, and it weighed
+five pounds, but some are stated to have
+been caught in Ireland which weighed
+from fifteen to twenty pounds. Seven
+pounds is, I believe, no unusual size.
+The large ones are extremely strong and
+muscular. Fishing one day at Pain's
+Hill, near Cobham, in Surrey, I hooked
+an eel amongst some weeds, but before
+I could land him, he had so twisted a new
+strong double wire, to which the hook
+was fixed, that he broke it and made his
+escape."</p>
+
+<p>Sir Humphry Davy's opinions respecting
+eels are quoted from his <i>Salmonia</i>:<a id="footnotetag8" name="footnotetag8"></a><a href="#footnote8"><sup>8</sup></a>
+Mr. Jesse adds:</p>
+
+<p>"It is with considerable diffidence
+that one would venture to differ in opinion
+with Sir Humphry Davy, but I cannot
+help remarking, that, as eels are
+now known to migrate <i>from</i> fresh water,
+as was shown in the case of the Richmond
+Park ponds, this restless propensity
+may arise from their impatience of
+the greater degree of warmth in those
+ponds in the month of May, and not
+from their wish to get into water still
+warmer, as suggested by Sir Humphry
+Davy. Very large eels are certainly
+found in rivers, the Thames and Mole
+for instance, where I have seen them so
+that they must either have remained in
+them, or have returned from the sea,
+which Sir H. Davy thinks they never
+do, though I should add, that the circumstance
+already related of so many
+large eels being seen dead or dying
+during a hot summer, near the Nore,
+would appear to confirm his assertion.
+If eels are oviparous, as Sir Humphry
+Davy thinks they are, would not the
+ova have been found, especially in the
+conger,&mdash;many of which are taken and
+brought to our markets, frequently of a
+very large size? It does not appear,
+however, that any of the fringes along
+the air-bladder have ever arrived at such
+a size and appearance as to have justified
+any one in the supposition that they
+were ovaria, though, as has been stated,
+distinguished naturalists, from the time
+of Aristotle to the present moment, have
+been endeavouring to ascertain this fact.
+Since the above was written, I have
+been shown ova in the lamprey, and
+what appeared to have been melt taken
+from a conger eel, at a fishmonger's in
+Bond-street. These specimens were
+preserved by Mr. Yarrell, of Little
+Ryder-street, St. James's, who had the
+kindness to open two eels, sent to him
+from Scotland, in my presence, and in
+which the fringes were very perceptible,
+though they were without any ova.
+That ingenious and indefatigable naturalist
+is, however, of opinion that eels
+are oviparous, though he failed in producing
+proof that the common eels were so.</p>
+
+<p>"In further proof, however, of eels
+being viviparous, it may be added (if the
+argument of analogy applies in this
+case), that the animalculæ of paste eels
+are decidedly viviparous. Mr. Bingley
+also, in his animal biography, says that
+eels are viviparous. Blumenbach says,
+too, that 'according to the most correct
+observations they are certainly viviparous.'
+He adds also, that, the eel is
+so tenacious of life, that its heart, when
+removed from the body, retains its irritability
+for forty hours afterwards."</p>
+
+<p>We are not inclined to attach very
+considerable importance to Mr. Bingley's
+experience, much as we admire his
+entertaining <i>Animal Biography</i>: we
+believe him to be classed among book-naturalists,
+and he wrote this work many
+years since.</p>
+
+<p>(<i>To be continued</i>.)</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page248" id="page248"></a>[pg 248]</span>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"><a href="images/543-2.png"><img width="100%" src="images/543-2.png" alt="Queen Anne's Spring, near Eton." /></a>
+</div><h3>QUEEN ANNE'S SPRING, NEAR ETON.</h3>
+
+<center>(<i>From a Correspondent</i>.)</center>
+
+<p>The accompanying sketch represents a
+sequestered spot of sylvan shade whence
+rises a Spring which tradition designates
+Queen Anne's. Here the limpid crystal
+flows in gentle, yet ceaseless streams,
+conveying "Health to the sick and
+solace to the swain."</p>
+
+<p>It has some claims to antiquity; and
+its merits have been appreciated by royalty.
+Queen Anne was the first august
+personage who had recourse to it; in
+later times, Queen Charlotte for many
+years had the pure element conveyed to
+her royal abode at Windsor, and in
+1785, a stone, with a cipher and date,
+was placed there by her illustrious consort,
+George III. This spring is situate
+at Chalvey, (a village between Eton and
+Salt Hill,) on the property of J. Mason,
+Esq., Cippenham. It was the observation
+of the esteemed and celebrated Dr.
+Heberdeen, that it but required a physician
+to write a treatise on the water,
+to render it as efficacious as Malvern.</p>
+
+<p class="author">URANIA.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Spirit Of The Public Journals.</h2>
+<hr />
+
+<h3>STATE OF MAGIC IN EGYPT, BY AN EYE-WITNESS.</h3>
+
+<p>At the Consul General's table, in Egypt,
+in August, 1822, the conversation turned
+on the belief in magic; and the Consul's
+Italian Staff propounded the following
+story, which seemed to have perfect
+possession of their best belief. They
+said that a magician of great name was
+then in Cairo&mdash;I think a Mogrebine;
+and that he had been sent for to the
+Consul's house, and put to the following
+proof:&mdash;A silver spoon had been lost,
+and he was invited to point out the thief.
+On arriving, he sent for an Arab boy at
+hazard out of the street, and after various
+ceremonies, poured ink into the boy's
+hand, into which the boy was to look.
+It was stated, that he asked the boy what
+he saw, and the boy answered, "<i>I see a
+little man</i>,"&mdash;Tell him to bring a flag,&mdash;"<i>Now
+he has brought a flag</i>."&mdash;Tell
+him to bring another.&mdash;"<i>Now he has
+brought another</i>."&mdash;Tell him to bring a
+third,&mdash;"<i>Now he has brought it</i>."&mdash;Tell
+him to bring a fourth.&mdash;"<i>He has brought
+it</i>."&mdash;Tell him to bring the captain of
+them all.&mdash;"<i>I see a great Sheik on horseback</i>."&mdash;Tell
+him to bring the man that
+stole the spoon.&mdash;"<i>Now he has brought
+him</i>."&mdash;What is he like?&mdash;"<i>He is a
+Frangi, poor-looking and mesquin</i>."
+After which followed other points of personal
+description not remembered; but
+which drew from the Staff the observation,
+that a European of exactly those
+qualities had been about the house. We
+expressed our desire to be introduced to
+the magician, and the Consul gravely
+intimated it might hurt the prejudices
+of his wife, as being a Catholic; to the
+great mirth of the beautiful Consuless
+when she was told of it, who, though a
+Catholic and an Italian, declared she was
+the only person in the family that set all
+the magicians in Egypt at defiance.</p>
+
+<p>Having some time afterwards established
+ourselves in a house of our own,
+on the edge of the garden of the Austrian
+Consulate (as I remember by the token
+that a Turkish officer who had been
+taking his evening walk of meditation,
+very gravely opened the window from
+the garden, put in first one leg of his
+huge trousers and then the other, and
+strode into the room followed by his
+pipe-bearer, as being the shortest cut
+into the street; though I must do him
+the justice to say he laughed and was
+very conversable, when I brought him
+up with a salam and a cup of coffee, by
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page249" id="page249"></a>[pg 249]</span>
+way of demonstrating there was somebody
+in the house besides the Arab
+owner), we sent for the magician. I remember
+a well-dressed personable man, of
+what, after the fashion of the nomenclature
+in the Chamber of Deputies, might
+be called the young middle-age. He
+agreed to show us a specimen of his art,
+though I do not recollect that the nature
+of it was defined. He fixed upon our
+little boy of seven years old to be his instrument;
+and I remember he talked
+some nonsense about requiring an innocent
+agent, and how a woman might do
+as well, if she could plead the innocent
+presence of the unborn. He dispatched
+a servant into the bazar, to procure
+frankincense and other things which he
+directed; and on their being produced
+we all retired into a room, and closed
+the doors and windows. An earthen
+pot was placed in the middle of the floor,
+containing fire, and the magician sat
+down by it. He placed the little boy
+before him, and poured ink into the hollow
+of the boy's hand, and bid him look
+into it steadily. I think the mother
+rather quailed, at seeing her child in
+such propinquity with "the Enemy;"
+but recovered herself on being exhorted
+to defy the devil and all his works. And
+the thing was not entirely without danger
+from another quarter; for it was
+understood the Pasha had directed a
+special edict against all dealing with
+familiar spirits; and the Pasha's edicts
+were not altogether to be trifled with,
+as we knew from the mishap of a poor
+Indian servant, who was caught in the
+bazar in the fact of taking thirteen of
+the Pasha's tin piasters in change for a
+dollar, when the political economy of
+Cairo had decreed that twelve were to
+be equal in public estimation, and was
+immediately incarcerated in the place of
+skulls, or at least of heads, from which
+it is supposed he would have come out
+shorn of his beard and the chin it grew
+from, if the Consular cocked hat and
+Abyssinian charger had not proceeded
+at a gallop to the Court at Shubra, to
+claim him as a subject of the British
+crown; and much did poor Baloo vow,
+that no earthly temptation should take
+him again to quit the gentle rule of the
+old Lady in Leadenhall-street, who,
+though she pinches a Peishwa and mercilessly
+screws a renter when it suits
+her, it must be allowed has a reverent
+care for the heads of all her lieges, and
+gives them a fair chance of going to their
+graves with the members nature had
+bestowed on them.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hisce positis</i>, as the logicians say, the
+magician began his process. The boy
+was innocent of fear; being in fact a
+person rather perplexed and imperfect
+in those parts of theology that should
+have caused him to feel alarm. His
+native nurse first taught him to kiss his
+hand to the moon walking in brightness;
+which, being especially reprobated in the
+book of Job, we persuaded him to renounce.
+We next found him making
+salams as he passed the fat old gentleman
+with an elephant's head, and other
+foul idolatries bedaubed with rose-pink
+and butter, that show themselves on
+various milestone-like appurtenances to
+an Indian road. After his visit to the
+Persian Gulph he leaned more towards
+monotheism; and I once found him
+seated between two guns on the quarter-deck
+of an Arab frigate, in the midst of
+a fry of devotees of little more than his
+own age, busily engaged in chanting
+canticles in praise of Mohammed the
+"amber-<i>ee</i>." His early leaning towards
+the ugly gods of Hindoston, had made it
+a delicate matter to introduce him to our
+Evil Principle; and the fact was, that
+when he afterwards saw the Freischutz
+in England, we had no means of making
+him comprehend the nature of the crimson
+fiend, but by telling him he was a
+relation of his old elephant-headed friend
+Gunputty. On the whole I imagine
+there never was a better subject to cope
+with a sorcerer; and when he asked the
+cause of the immediate preparations we
+told him the man was going to show some
+feats of legerdemain such as he used to
+see in India. The magician began by
+throwing grains of incense upon the fire,
+bowing with a seesaw motion and repeating
+"<i>Heyya hadji Capitân, Heyya
+hadji Capitân;</i>" which being interpreted,
+if it was intended to have any meaning,
+would appear to imply "<i>Hurra, pilgrim
+Captain!</i>" being, as I understood it at
+the time, an invocation by his style and
+title, of the spirit he wished to see.
+When nothing came, he increased his
+zeal after the manner of a priest of Baal,
+and seemed determined that if the
+"Captain" was sleeping or on a journey,
+he should not be missed for want of calling.
+One slight <i>variorum</i> reading I observed.
+Instead of saying to the boy
+"What do you see?" as had been reported&mdash;he
+said "<i>Do you see a little
+man?</i>" which, if he had been accessible
+to fear or phantasy, was manifestly telling
+him what he was to look for. The
+boy, however, resolutely declared he saw
+nothing; and the sorcerer continued his
+calls upon his spirit.  When in this
+manner curiosity had been roused to
+something like expectation, the boy suddenly
+exclaimed, "I see something!"&mdash;
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page250" id="page250"></a>[pg 250]</span>
+<i>Tremor occupat artis;</i>&mdash;when he quashed
+it all by adding, "I see my nose."
+By the dim light of the fire, he had succeeded
+in getting a glimpse of his own
+countenance reflected in the ink. The
+magician doubled his exertions by way
+of carrying the thing off; but there was
+much less gravity in his audience afterwards;
+and at last he was forced to declare
+that the spirit would not come, and
+the reason he believed was because we
+were Christians. He said, however, if
+an Arab boy was substituted the spirit
+would come. A servant therefore was
+sent out to bring a boy by the offer of a
+piastre, and one was soon produced.
+Whether there was any confederacy or
+not, I had no precise means to ascertain;
+but I was inclined to think not. The
+Arab boy was trusted with the ink in
+place of the European, and on the magician's
+asking him the leading question
+"Do you see a little man?" he took
+but one look and answered "Yes." The
+orders then followed "Tell him to bring
+a flag." &amp;c. to all of which, whether
+operated on by some dread of refusing,
+or by the natural inclination of one
+rogue to help another, he duly answered
+that the thing was done. I do not remember
+any further <i>denoĂąment</i> that
+there was; and so ended the magic of
+the magician of Grand Cairo.</p>
+
+<p>Being disappointed in this experiment,
+we began to seek for the opportunity
+of making others, and offered a
+reward for any person who would show
+us a specimen of imp or spirit. One
+man was produced, who was stated to
+be of considerable fame. He said he
+would show me a spirit; but I must go
+out with him three nights running to a
+cross road at midnight, and perform divers
+ceremonies and lustrations which
+he proceeded to describe. I believe he
+he had got an inkling, that I intended to
+leave Cairo the next day. I told him,
+however, that I would cheerfully go
+through any ceremonies he might propose.
+He next said, it would be necessary
+that I should repeat the name of
+the spirit I called for, eleven thousand
+times; and this I assured him I would
+painfully perform. He then said, he
+was afraid at my age the operation would
+be dangerous. I wonder whether the
+rogue meant that I was too young, or
+too old, or too middle-aged; for I was
+exactly thirty-eight. Seeing that I only
+pressed him the more, he took his fee
+and walked off, intimating that there
+was no use in doing these things with
+Frangis.</p>
+
+<p>I saw another instance in Cairo, of
+the way in which a story accumulates
+by telling, and the degree in which even
+sensible Europeans by long residence
+are induced to give into the beliefs they
+find around them. The conversation
+turned one day on the power of charming
+serpents, supposed to be inherent in
+certain descendants of the <i>Psylli</i>. One
+of the Consular Staff immediately declared,
+that a most remarkable instance
+of the fact had happened in the Consul-General's
+own courtyard the day before.
+That one of those gifted men had come
+into the yard, and declared he knew by
+his art that there were serpents in the
+stable; and that he had immediately
+gone and summoned forth two snakes of
+the most poisonous kind, which he seized
+in his hands and brought, in the presence
+of the relator, to the Consular threshold.
+Now it happened to me to see the whole
+of this scene. I was wandering about
+the Consul's court, gazing at the curiosities
+scattered around, enough to have
+set up any European museum with an
+Egyptian branch, and particularly, I
+remember, at a lame mummy's crutch,
+found with him in his coffin, on which
+it is possible the original owner hopped
+away from the plague of frogs. An old
+rural Arab of respectable appearance
+was standing at the Consul's door, holding
+in his hand the crooked stick which
+an Arab keeps to recover the halter of
+his camel if he happens to lose it while
+mounted, and presenting altogether a
+parallel to a substantial yeoman with his
+riding-whip, come to town to do a little
+justice business with the Mayor. A
+stable-keeper came and said, that two
+snakes had made their appearance in the
+stable; on which the Arab, being no
+more in the habit of fearing such vermin
+than a European farmer of fearing rats,
+proceeded towards the stable, and I followed
+him. Sure enough there were
+two snakes in dalliance in the horse's
+stall; and my construction was, that it
+was the poor animals' St. Valentine.
+The Arab, however, ruthlessly smote
+them with his gib stick, in a way that
+showed an exact comprehension of what
+would settle a snake; and brought them
+hanging by the tails and still writhing
+with the remains of life, and laid them
+at the threshold of the house. I looked
+at the snakes, and felt a strong persuasion
+that they were of a harmless kind;
+but whether they were or not, was of
+small moment as the Arab treated them.</p>
+
+<p>I remember in India once driving one
+of the snake-jugglers to discovery. He
+told the servants there were snakes in
+the stable; and offered to produce one.
+He accordingly went, with piping and
+other ceremonies, and soon demonstrated
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page251" id="page251"></a>[pg 251]</span>
+a goodly <i>cobra de capello</i> struggling by
+the tail. He secured this in his repertory
+of snakes, and said he thought there
+was another; on which he went through
+the same operations again. Though he
+had been too quick for me on both occasions,
+I offered him a rupee to produce
+a third, which he agreed to; and this
+time I saw the snake's head, struggling
+rather oddly in his nether garments. He
+ran into the horse's stall, rushed forward
+with a shriek to distract attention, and
+then I saw him jerk out a snake of some
+four feet long, and drag it backwards by
+the tip of the tail as if desperately afraid
+of it. Knowing his snakes must be an
+exhaustible quantity, I proffered a second
+rupee for another, taking care to keep
+between him and the snake-basket;
+which he declined. But on turning round
+and giving him a chance to communicate
+with his receptacle, he quickly presented
+himself with the assurance that now he
+thought he knew where a serpent might be
+lodged. The Indian servants all devoutly
+believed in his skill; but it is impossible
+not to be ashamed of Europeans, who
+adorn their books with marks of similar
+gullibility.&mdash;<i>Abridged from Tait's
+Edinburgh Mag.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notes of a Reader</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>RECREATIONS IN THE LAW.</h3>
+
+<p>Gentle reader, we are not about to direct
+your notice to the Temple Gardens,
+the olden feasts in our Law Halls&mdash;through
+which men ate their way to
+eminence&mdash;nor to prove that looking to a
+Chancellorship is woolgathering&mdash;nor to
+invite you to the shrubby groves of Lincoln's
+Inn, or to promenade with the
+spirit of BACON in Gray's Inn. All these
+may be pleasurable occupations; but
+there is mirth in store in the <i>study</i> of the
+Law itself, which is not "dull and crabbed
+as some fools (or knaves) suppose."</p>
+
+<p>In a recent <i>Mirror</i>, (No. 540) this
+may have been made manifest to the
+reader in the Legal Rhymes, quoted by
+our correspondent, <i>W.A.R.;</i><a id="footnotetag9" name="footnotetag9"></a><a href="#footnote9"><sup>9</sup></a> but lo!
+here is a volume of evidence in "<i>The
+Cenveyancer's Guide;</i>" a Poem, by
+John Crisp, Esq., of Furnival's Inn;
+in which the art of Conveyancing is sung
+in Hudibrastic verse, and said in notes
+of pleasant prose. Happy are we to
+see Mr. Crisp's volume in a third edition,
+since we opine from this success
+the bright moments of relief which his
+Muse may have shed upon the <i>viginti
+annorum lucubrutiones</i> of thousands of
+students. We have not space for quotations
+from the poem itself, in which
+<i>Doe</i> and <i>Roe</i> figure as heroes, with their
+occasional friend Thomas Stiles. We
+can only say their movements are sung
+with the terseness and point which we
+so much admire in the great originals,
+so as to make men acknowledge there
+is good in every thing. Our extracts
+are from the Introduction and Notes.
+First is</p>
+
+<center>A LEGAL GLEE.</center>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"A woman having a settlement,</p>
+<p class="i2">Married a man with none,</p>
+<p>The question was, he being dead,</p>
+<p class="i2">If that she had was gone.</p>
+<p>Quoth <i>Sir John Pratt</i>, her settlement</p>
+<p class="i2">Suspended did remain,</p>
+<p>Living the husband&mdash;but him dead,</p>
+<p class="i2">It doth revive again.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i10">  "CHORUS OF PUISNE JUDGES.</p>
+<p class="i8"> "Living the husband&mdash;but him dead,</p>
+<p class="i10">      It doth revive again."</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+
+<p>A print of Westminster Hall, by
+Mosely, from a drawing made by Gravelot,
+who died in 1773, bears the following
+versified inscription:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"When fools fall out, for ev'ry flaw,</p>
+<p>They run horn mad to go to law,</p>
+<p>A hedge awry, a wrong plac'd gate,</p>
+<p>Will serve to spend a whole estate.</p>
+<p>Your case the lawyer says is good,</p>
+<p>And justice cannot he withstood;</p>
+<p>By tedious process from above,</p>
+<p>From office they to office move,</p>
+<p>Thro' pleas, demurrers, the dev'l and all,</p>
+<p>At length they bring it to the <i>Hall</i>;</p>
+<p>The dreadful hall by Rufus rais'd,</p>
+<p>For lofty Gothick arches prais'd.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i2">"The <i>first of Term</i>, the fatal day,</p>
+<p>Doth various images convey;</p>
+<p>First, from the courts with clam'rous bawl,</p>
+<p>The <i>criers</i> their <i>attornies</i> call;</p>
+<p>One of the gown discreet and wise,</p>
+<p>By <i>proper</i> means his witness tries;</p>
+<p>From <i>Wreathock's</i> gang, not right or laws,</p>
+<p>H' assures his trembling client's cause.</p>
+<p><i>This</i> gnaws his haudkerchies, whilst <i>that</i></p>
+<p>Gives the kind ogling nymph his hat;</p>
+<p>Here one in love with choristers,</p>
+<p>Minds singing more than law affairs.</p>
+<p>A <i>Serjeant</i> limping on behind,</p>
+<p>Shews justice lame as well as blind.</p>
+<p>To gain new clients some dispute,</p>
+<p>Others protract an ancient suit,</p>
+<p>Jargon and noise alone prevail,</p>
+<p>Whilst sense and reason's sure to fail:</p>
+<p>At <i>Babel</i> thus <i>law terms</i> begun,</p>
+<p>And now at West&mdash;&mdash;er go on."</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>At page 24, of the Poem, there is a
+happy allusion to the permanence or
+lasting of a limitation:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"But if the limitation's made</p>
+<p>So long as cheating's us'd in trade,</p>
+<p>Or vice prevails: 'tis then a fee,</p>
+<p>As good as ever need to be:</p>
+<p>For tho' 'tis base instead of pure,</p>
+<p>Alas it ever will endure."</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>Upon this passage is the following
+confirmative note:
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page252" id="page252"></a>[pg 252]</span>
+"Cheating will always prevail, in defiance
+of all human laws, for it cannot
+be avoided, but so long as contracts be
+suffered, many offences shall follow
+thereby."&mdash;(<i>Doctor and Student</i>, c. 3.)
+In buying and selling, the law of nations
+connives at some cunning and
+overreaching in respect of the price.
+By the civil law, a just price is said to
+be that, whereby neither the buyer nor
+seller is injured above one moiety of the
+true and common value; and in this
+case the person injured shall not be relieved
+by rescinding the sale, for he must
+impute it to his own imprudence and
+indiscretion.</p>
+
+<p>The origin of <i>Fee-tail estates</i>:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+"The expression, fee-tail, was borrowed
+from the feudists, among whom
+it signified any mutilated or truncated
+inheritance from which the heirs general
+were cut off, being derived from the
+barbarous word <i>taliare</i> to cut.&mdash;(2 <i>Blac.
+Comm</i>. 112.)
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p><i>Fines and Recoveries (as fund and
+refund</i>,) are like the poles, arctic and
+attractive. Of the latter is the following
+<i>quid-pro-quo</i> anecdote:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+"A physician of an acrimonious disposition,
+and having a thorough hatred
+of lawyers, was in company with a barrister,
+and in the course of conversation,
+reproached the profession of the
+latter with the use of phrases utterly
+unintelligible. 'For example,' said he,
+'I never could understand what you
+lawyers mean by docking an entail.'
+'That is very likely,' answered the lawyer,
+'but I will explain it to you; it is
+doing what you doctors never consent
+to&mdash;<i>suffering a recovery</i>.'
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Among the notes to <i>Rights and Titles</i>
+is the following:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+"Master <i>Mason</i>, of <i>Trinity College</i>,
+sent his pupil to another of the fellows
+to borrow a book of him, who told him,
+'I am loth to lend books out of my
+chamber, but if it please thy tutor to
+come and read upon it in my chamber,
+he shall as long as he will.' It was
+winter, and some days after the same
+fellow sent to Mr. <i>Mason</i> to borrow his
+bellows, but Mr. <i>Mason</i> said to his
+pupil, 'I am loth to lend my bellows out
+of my chamber, but if thy tutor would
+come and blow the fire in my chamber,
+he shall as long as he will.'
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In the next page is a note on the <i>Nature
+of Property</i>, in the perspicuous
+style of a master-mind:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+"There is nothing which so generally
+strikes the imagination, and engages
+the affections of mankind, as the right
+of property; or that sole and despotic
+dominion which one man claims and exercises
+over the external things of the
+world, in total exclusion of the right of
+any other individual in the universe.
+And yet there are very few that will
+give themselves the trouble to consider
+the original and foundation of this right.
+Pleased as we are with the possession,
+we seem afraid to look back to the
+means by which it was acquired, as if
+fearful of some defect in our title; or
+at best we rest satisfied with the decision
+of the laws in our favour, without
+examining the reason and authority upon
+which those laws have been built. We
+think it enough that our title is derived
+by the grant of the former proprietor,
+by descent from our ancestors, or by the
+last will and testament of the dying
+owner; not caring to reflect that (accurately
+and strictly speaking) there is no
+foundation in nature, or in natural law,
+why a set of words upon parchment
+should convey the dominion of land;
+why the son should have a right to exclude
+his fellow creature from a determinate
+spot of ground, because his father
+had so done before him; or why
+the occupier of a particular field, or of
+a jewel, when lying on his death bed,
+and no longer able to maintain possession,
+should be entitled to tell the rest
+of the world which of them should enjoy
+it after him.&mdash;(2 <i>Blac. Comm.</i> 2)</p>
+
+<p>"The <i>two sheriff's of London</i> are the
+<i>one sheriff of Middlesex</i>; thus constituting
+in the latter case, what may be
+denominated, in the words of <i>George
+Colman the Younger</i>, (see his address
+to the Reviewers, in his <i>vagaries</i>,)
+'a plural unit.' Henry the First, in the
+same charter by which he declared and
+confirmed the privileges of the City of
+<i>London</i>, (and among others, that of
+choosing their own sheriffs,) conferred
+on them, in consideration of an annual
+rent of 300<i>l.</i>, to be paid to his majesty
+and his successors for ever, the perpetual
+sheriffalty of <i>Middlesex</i>. This was
+an enormous price; 300<i>l.</i>. in those days
+were equal to more than three times as
+many thousands at the present time.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Here is a lively commentary upon
+the <i>Inclosure Acts</i>:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+"To a pamphlet which was published
+some years ago, against the propriety
+of enclosing <i>Waltham Forest</i>,
+the following quaint motto was prefixed:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"The fault is great in man or woman, </p>
+<p>Who steals a goose from off a common,</p>
+<p>But who can plead that man's excuse, </p>
+<p>Who steals the common from the goose?"</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<h4>How to decide a Chancery Suit:</h4>
+
+<p>"The <i>Shellys</i> were a family of distinction
+in <i>Sussex</i>.  <i>Richard</i> and <i>Thomas
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page253" id="page253"></a>[pg 253]</span>
+Shelly</i> were a long time engaged in
+litigation; and Queen Elizabeth hearing
+of it, ordered her Lord Chancellor to
+summon the Judges to put an end to it,
+to prevent the ruin of so ancient a family."&mdash;(<i>Engl. Baronets</i>, ed. 1737.)</p>
+
+<p>With these pleasantries we leave the
+<i>Conveyancer's Guide</i>, hoping it may be
+long ere the witty author sings his
+"Farewell to his Muse."</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Manners &amp; Customs of all Nations.</h2>
+<hr />
+
+<h3>THE CURFEW BELL.</h3>
+
+<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>Hark! the curfews solemn sound;</p>
+<p>Silence, darkness, spreads around.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>There are now but few places in which
+this ancient custom&mdash;the memento of
+the iron sway of William the Conqueror&mdash;is
+retained.</p>
+
+<p>Its impression when I heard it for the
+first time, will never be effaced from my
+memory. Let not the reader suppose
+that it was merely the <i>sound</i> of the bell
+to which I allude; to use the language
+of Thomas Moore, I may justly say,
+"Oh! no, it was something more exquisite
+still."</p>
+
+<p>It was during the autumn of last year,
+that I had occasion to visit the eastern
+coast of Kent. Accustomed to an inland
+county, the prospect of wandering
+by the sea shore, and inhaling the sea
+breezes, afforded me no trifling degree
+of pleasure. The most frequented road
+to the sea, was through a succession of
+meadows and pastures; the ground becoming
+more irregular and broken as it
+advanced, till at last it was little better
+than an accumulation of sand-hills.
+I have since been informed by a veteran
+tar, that these sand-hills bear a striking
+resemblance to those on that part of the
+coast of Egypt, where the British
+troops under the gallant Abercrombie
+were landed.</p>
+
+<p>The evening was beautifully calm,
+not a sound disturbed its tranquillity;
+and the sun was just sinking to repose
+in all his dying glory. At this part of
+the coast, the sands are hard and firm to
+walk upon; and on arriving at their
+extremity, where the waves were gently
+breaking at my feet, "forming sweet
+music to the thoughtful ear," I looked
+around, and gazed on the various objects
+that presented themselves to my view,
+with feelings of deep interest and pleasure.
+The evening was too far advanced
+to discern clearly the coast of France,
+but its dim outline might just be traced,
+bounding the view. Every now and
+then a vessel might be seen making her
+silent way round the foreland, her form
+gradually lessening, till at last it was
+entirely lost in the distance. As it grew
+darker, the strong, red glare of the
+light-house shedding its lurid gleams on
+the waves, added a novel effect to the
+scene.</p>
+
+<p>At the very moment I was turning
+from the shore, to retrace my steps, the
+deep tone of a distant bell fell on my
+ear. It was the Curfew Bell&mdash;which
+had been tolled regularly at eight
+o'clock in the evening, since the days of
+the despotic William.</p>
+
+<p>The vast changes that had taken place
+in society, in fact, in every thing, since
+the institution of this custom, occupied
+my thoughts during my walk; and I
+felt no little gratification in the assurance
+that what was originally the edict of a
+barbarous and despotic age, was now
+merely retained as a relic of ancient
+times.</p>
+
+<p>It may be thought romantic, but the
+first hearing of the Curfew Bell often
+occurs to my memory; and there are
+times when I fancy myself walking on
+that lone shore, and the objects that I
+then thought so beautiful, are as distinctly
+and vividly seen as if I were actually
+there.</p>
+
+<p class="author">REGINALD.</p>
+
+<p>The only drawback from the interest
+of this brief paper is that the
+writer does not state the name of the
+Village whence he heard the Curfew
+Bell.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>BARBAROUS PUNISHMENTS.</h3>
+
+<p>It is almost inconceivable how long
+Fnglishmen have retained their barbarous
+practices. It is not more than a
+century since a trial for witchcraft took
+place in England, and hardly eighty since
+one occurred in Scotland. The crime
+of coining the King's money is still
+treated as treason, and women, for the
+commission of this crime as well as that
+of murdering their husbands, were sentenced
+to be strangled, and afterwards
+publicly burned. In London this horrible
+outrage upon civilized feelings was
+perpetrated in Smithfield. One of these
+melancholy exhibitions took place within
+the memory of many persons. The criminal
+was a fine young woman, and the
+strangling had not been completed, for
+when the flames reached her at the
+stake, she uttered a shriek. This produced,
+as it well might, a general horror,
+and the practice was abandoned, though
+the law was not abrogated. It was the
+mild and enlightened Sir Samuel Romilly
+who first brought in a bill to annul the
+old acts which ordered the most revolting
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page254" id="page254"></a>[pg 254]</span>
+mutilation of the corpses of traitors,
+agreeable to a sentence expressed in the
+most barbarous jargon. Mark, this was
+only a few years since, I believe in 1811.</p>
+
+<p>What must have been the taste of our
+forefathers, who suffered miscreants to
+obtain their livelihood for the moment
+by stationing themselves at Temple-bar,
+after the rebellion in 1745, with magnifying-glasses,
+that the spectators might
+more nicely discriminate the features of
+those unfortunate gentlemen whose
+heads had been fixed over the gateway.
+No London populace, however tumultuary,
+would now for a moment tolerate
+such an outrage upon all that is decent
+and humane&mdash;(From a clever letter in
+<i>the Times</i> of April 12, by Colonel Jones.)</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>The Selector</h2>
+
+<h4>AND</h4>
+
+<h3>LITERARY NOTICES OF <i>NEW WORKS.</i></h3>
+<hr />
+<h3>THE ALTRIVE TALES.</h3>
+
+<h4>By the Ettrick Shepherd.</h4>
+
+<p>Mr. Hogg proposes to collect and reprint
+under the above title, the best of
+the grave and gay tales with which he
+has aided the Magazines and Annuals
+during the last few years. The Series
+will extend to fourteen volumes, the first
+of which, now before us, preceded by
+a poetical dedication and autobiographical
+memoir. The poem is an exquisite
+performance; but the biography,
+with due allowance for the Shepherd's
+claim, is a most objectionable preface.
+It is so disfigured with self-conceit and
+vituperative recollections of old grievances,
+that we regret some kind friend
+of the author did not suggest the omission
+of these personalities. They will
+be neither advantageous to the writer,
+interesting to the public, nor propitiatory
+for the work itself; since the world care
+less about the squabbles of authors and
+booksellers than even an "untoward
+event" in Parliament; and if the writer
+of every book were to detail his vexations
+as a preface, the publication of a
+long series of "Calamities" might be
+commenced immediately.</p>
+
+<p>To our way of thinking, the pleasantest
+part of the Shepherd's memoir is
+his reminiscences of men of talent, with
+whom his own abilities have brought
+him in contact. Thus, of</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+<i>Southey.</i>
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>"My first interview with Mr. Southey
+was at the Queen's Head inn, in Keswick,
+where I had arrived, wearied, one
+evening, on my way to Westmoreland;
+and not liking to intrude on his family
+circle that evening, I sent a note up to
+Greta Hall, requesting him to come
+down and see me, and drink one half
+mutchkin along with me. He came on
+the instant, and stayed with me about
+an hour and a half. But I was a grieved
+as well as an astonished man, when I
+found that he refused all participation
+in my beverage of rum punch. For a
+poet to refuse his glass was to me a
+phenomenon; and I confess I doubted
+in my own mind, and doubt to this day,
+if perfect sobriety and transcendent
+poetical genius can exist together. In
+Scotland I am sure they cannot. With
+regard to the English, I shall leave
+them to settle that among themselves,
+as they have little that is worth drinking.</p>
+
+<p>"Before we had been ten minutes
+together my heart was knit to Southey,
+and every hour thereafter my esteem for
+him increased. I breakfasted with him
+next morning, and remained with him
+all that day and the next; and the weather
+being fine, we spent the time in
+rambling on the hills and sailing on the
+lake; and all the time he manifested a
+delightful flow of spirits, as well as a
+kind sincerity of manner, repeating convivial
+poems and ballads, and always
+between hands breaking jokes on his
+nephew, young Coleridge, in whom he
+seemed to take great delight. He gave
+me, with the utmost readiness, a poem
+and ballad of his own, for a work which
+I then projected. I objected to his
+going with Coleridge and me, for fear
+of encroaching on his literary labours;
+and, as I had previously resided a month
+at Keswick, I knew every scene almost
+in Cumberland; but he said he was an
+early riser, and never suffered any task
+to interfere with his social enjoyments
+and recreations; and along with us he
+went both days.</p>
+
+<p>"Southey certainly is as elegant a
+writer as any in the kingdom. But
+those who would love Southey as well
+as admire him, must see him, as I did,
+in the bosom, not only of one lovely
+family, but of three, all attached to him
+as a father, and all elegantly maintained
+and educated, it is generally said, by his
+indefatigable pen. The whole of Southey's
+conversation and economy, both
+at home and afield, left an impression of
+veneration on my mind, which no future
+contingency shall ever either extinguish
+or injure. Both his figure and countenance
+are imposing, and deep thought is
+strongly marked in his dark eye; but
+there is a defect in his eyelids, for these
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page255" id="page255"></a>[pg 255]</span>
+he has no power of raising; so that,
+when he looks up, he turns up his face,
+being unable to raise his eyes; and
+when he looks towards the top of one of
+his romantic mountains, one would think
+he was looking at the zenith. This
+peculiarity is what will most strike
+every stranger in the appearance of the
+accomplished laureate. He does not at
+all see well at a distance, which made
+me several times disposed to get into a
+passion with him, because he did not
+admire the scenes which I was pointing
+out. We have only exchanged a few
+casual letters since that period, and I
+have never seen this great and good man
+again."</p>
+
+<p>In the Recollections of Wordsworth
+we find related the affront which led to
+Hogg's caricature of Wordsworth's style,
+an offence which shut out the Shepherd
+from the society of the amiable poet of
+the Lakes.</p>
+
+<p>"This anecdote has been told and
+told again, but never truly; and was
+likewise brought forward in the 'Noctes
+Ambrosianæ,' as a joke; but it was no
+joke; and the plain, simple truth of the
+matter was thus:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>It chanced one night, when I was
+there, that there was a resplendent arch
+across the zenith from the one horizon
+to the other, of something like the
+aurora borealis, but much brighter. It
+was a scene that is well remembered,
+for it struck the country with admiration,
+as such a phenomenon had never
+before been witnessed in such perfection;
+and, as far as I could learn, it had been
+more brilliant over the mountains and
+pure waters of Westmoreland than any
+where else. Well, when word came
+into the room of the splendid meteor,
+we all went out to view it; and, on the
+beautiful platform at Mount Ryedale
+we were all walking, in twos and threes,
+arm-in-arm, talking of the phenomenon,
+and admiring it. Now, be it remembered,
+that Wordsworth, Professor Wilson,
+Lloyd, De Quincey, and myself,
+were present, besides several other literary
+gentlemen, whose names I am not
+certain that I remember aright. Miss
+Wordsworth's arm was in mine, and she
+was expressing some fears that the
+splendid stranger might prove ominous,
+when I, by ill luck, blundered out the
+following remark, thinking that I was
+saying a good thing:&mdash;'Hout, me'em!
+it is neither mair nor less than joost a
+treeumphal airch, raised in honour of
+the meeting of the poets.' 'That's not
+amiss.&mdash;Eh? Eh?&mdash;that's very good,'
+said the Professor, laughing. But
+Wordsworth, who had De Quincey's
+arm, gave a grunt, and turned on his
+heel, and leading the little opium-chewer
+aside, he addressed him in these disdainful
+and venomous words:&mdash;'Poets?
+Poets?&mdash;What does the fellow mean?&mdash;Where
+are they?' Who could forgive
+this? For my part, I never can, and
+never will! I admire Wordsworth; as
+who does not, whatever they may pretend?
+but for that short sentence I have
+a lingering ill-will at him which I cannot
+get rid of. It is surely presumption in
+any man to circumscribe all human excellence
+within the narrow sphere of his
+own capacity. The '<i>Where are they?</i>'
+was too bad! I have always some hopes
+that De Quincey was <i>leeing</i>, for I did
+not myself hear Wordsworth utter the
+words."</p>
+
+<p>Appended to this anecdote is a characteristic
+observation on the poetry of
+Wordsworth.</p>
+
+<p>"It relates to the richness of his
+works for quotations. For these they
+are a mine that is altogether inexhaustible.
+There is nothing in nature that
+you may not get a quotation out of
+Wordsworth to suit, and a quotation too
+that breathes the very soul of poetry.
+There are only three books in the world
+that are worth the opening in search of
+mottos and quotations, and all of them
+are alike rich. These are, the Old
+Testament, Shakspeare, and the poetical
+works of Wordsworth, and, strange to
+say, the 'Excursion' abounds most in
+them."</p>
+
+<p>We chanced to fall upon the Shepherd's
+allusion to the liberties taken
+with his name in <i>Blackwood's Magazine</i>,
+which work owes its establishment
+and much of its early success to Mr.
+Hogg's co-operation. We believe it to
+be pretty well known that the offensive
+language attributed to the Shepherd in
+the "Noctes" has no more to do with
+Mr. Hogg than by attempting to imitate
+his conversational style. This impropriety,
+which is beyond a literary joke,
+was reprobated some months since by
+the <i>Quarterly Review</i>, but here the offending
+parties are properly visited with
+a burst of honest indignation which may
+not pass unheeded. Mr. Hogg says</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+"For my part, after twenty years of
+feelings hardly suppressed, he has driven
+me beyond the bounds of human patience.
+That Magazine of his, which
+owes its rise principally to myself, has
+often put words and sentiments into my
+mouth of which I have been greatly
+ashamed, and which have given much
+pain to my family and relations, and
+many of those after a solemn written
+promise that such freedoms should never
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page256" id="page256"></a>[pg 256]</span>
+be repeated. I have been often urged
+to restrain and humble him by legal
+measures as an incorrigible offender
+deserves. I know I have it in my power,
+and if he dares me to the task, I want
+but a hair to make a tether of."
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>The Shepherd appears to have written
+since 1813, fifteen volumes of poetry
+and as many volumes of prose, besides
+his contributions to periodical works;
+and, what is not the less extraordinary
+he was forty years of age before he
+wrote his first poem.</p>
+
+<p>The Tales in the present volume are
+the Adventures of Captain Lochy, the
+Pongos, and Marion's Jock.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>The Gatherer.</h2>
+
+<p><i>Marriage Tree</i>.&mdash;A marriage tree,
+generally of the pine kind, is planted in
+the churchyard, by every new-married
+couple, in the parish of Varallo Pombio,
+in the Tyrol. A fine grove of pines,
+the result of this custom, now shades
+this churchyard.</p>
+<p>W.G.C.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slippery Love</i>.&mdash;Thevenard was the
+first singer of his time, at Paris, in the
+operas of Lulli. He was more than
+sixty years old when, seeing a beautiful
+<i>female slipper</i> in a shoemaker's shop,
+he fell violently in love, unsight, unseen,
+with the person for whom it was made;
+and having discovered the lady, married
+her. He died at Paris in 1741, at the
+age of 72.</p>
+<p class="author">P.T.W.</p>
+
+<h3>Character of England</h3>.
+
+<p>Anglia, 1 Mons, 2 Pons, 3 Fons, 4
+Ecclesia, 5 Faemina, 6 Lana.</p>
+
+<p>(That is to say:)</p>
+
+<p>For 1, Mountains; 2, Bridges; 3, Rivers;
+4, Churches faire;
+5, Women; and 6, Wool, England is
+past compare.</p>
+<p class="author">G.K.</p>
+
+<p><i>On our Lady Church in Salisbury</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>How many dayes in one whole year there be,</p>
+<p>So many windows in one church we see,</p>
+<p>So many marble pillars there appear,</p>
+<p>As there are hours throughout the fleeting year.</p>
+<p>So many gates, as moons one year do view,</p>
+<p>Strange tale to tell, yet not so strange as true.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p class="author">G.K.</p>
+
+<p><i>Astronomical Toasts</i>.&mdash;Lord Chesterfield
+dined one day with the French and
+Spanish ambassadors. After dinner,
+toasts were proposed. The Spanish
+ambassador proposed the King of Spain
+under the title of the Sun. The French
+ambassador gave his king as the Moon.
+Lord C. then arose, "Your excellencies,"
+said he, "have taken the two
+greatest luminaries, and the Stars are
+too small for a comparison with my
+royal master. I therefore beg to give
+your excellencies, Joshua."</p>
+
+<p><i>Talleyrand.</i>&mdash;(The following <i>bon mot</i>
+is worthy of extract from the <i>Literary
+Gazette</i>, and smacks of the raciest days
+of the noble utterer.) M. Talleyrand
+was enjoying his rubber, when the conversation
+turned on the recent union of
+an elderly lady of respectable rank.
+"However could Madame de S&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;
+make such a match? a person of her
+birth to marry a valet-de-chambre!"
+"Ah," replied Talleyrand, "it was
+late in the game; at nine we don't
+reckon honours."</p>
+
+<p><i>Remarkable Circumstance.</i>&mdash;William
+Coghan, who was at Oxford in the year
+1575, when the sweating sickness raged
+at that place, and who has given a brief
+account of its ravages, says, "It began
+on the sixth day of July, from which day
+to the twelfth day of August next ensuing,
+there died five hundred and ten
+persons, all men and no women."</p>
+<p class="author">P.T.W.</p>
+
+<p><i>A Loyalist.</i>&mdash;The Earl of St. Alban's
+was, like many other staunch loyalists,
+little remembered by Charles II. He
+was, however, an attendant at court,
+and one of his majesty's companions in
+his gay hours. On one such occasion,
+a stranger came with an importunate
+suit, for an office of great value, just
+vacant. The king, by way of joke, comsired
+the earl to personate him, and demanded
+the petitioner to be admitted.
+The gentleman addressing himself to the
+supposed monarch, enumerated his services
+to the royal family, and hoped the
+grant of the place would not be deemed
+too great a reward. "By no means,"
+answered the earl, "and I am only
+sorry that as soon as I heard of the vacancy,
+I conferred it on my faithful
+friend, the Earl of St. Alban's," pointing
+to the king, "who constantly followed
+the fortunes, both of my father
+and myself, and has hitherto gone unrewarded."
+Charles granted, for this
+joke, what the utmost real services
+looked for in vain.    </p>
+
+<p class="author">T. GILL.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1"
+name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a
+href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a><p>Picture of Scotland, vol.
+i.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2"
+name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a
+href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a><p>Built by David I. in
+1136.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote3"
+name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a
+href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a><p>Corbells, the projections from which
+the arches spring, usually cut in a fantastic face, or
+mask.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote4"
+name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a
+href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a><p>Sir Walter Scott's "Lay of the Last
+Minstrel."</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote5"
+name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a href="#footnotetag5"> (return)
+</a><p>Has Scotland no paupers to whom the gift of wood fuel might prove
+acceptable, in spite of peat? We have in England abundance of wood, yet
+our own poor are distressed for it, glad to pick up sticks for firing,
+and often steal it from fences, &amp;c. in their necessity, and the gift
+of wood is to them a charity, as well as that of coals. Why should aught
+that could he made of use, be wantonly destroyed? It is contrary to
+Scripture; it is in opposition to common sense.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote6"
+name="footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b><a href="#footnotetag6"> (return)
+</a><p>From the following lines of Oppian, the rambling spirit of eels
+seems to have been known to the ancients&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza">
+<p class="i10"> The wandering eel,</p>
+<p>Oft to the neighbouring beach will silent steal"</p>
+</div>
+</div></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote7"
+name="footnote7"></a><b>Footnote 7:</b><a href="#footnotetag7"> (return)
+</a><p>I have been informed, upon the authority of a nobleman well known
+for his attachment to field sports, that, if an eel is found on land,
+its head is invariably turned towards the sea, for which it is always
+observed to make in the most direct line possible. If this information
+is correct (and there seems to be no reason to doubt it.) it shows that
+the eel, like the swallow, is possessed of a strong migratory instinct.
+May we not suppose that the swallow, like the eel, performs its
+migrations in the same undeviating course?</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote8"
+name="footnote8"></a><b>Footnote 8:</b><a href="#footnotetag8"> (return)
+</a><p>See MIRROR, vol. xii. p. 253.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote9"
+name="footnote9"></a><b>Footnote 9:</b><a href="#footnotetag9"> (return)
+</a><p>ERRATA in one of our correspondent's "Legal Rhymes"&mdash;the
+Grant of Edward the Confessor: </p>
+
+<p> for "six beaches," read "<i>six braches</i>."<br />
+for "book ycleped," read "<i>bock ylered</i>."<br />
+for "token" read "<i>teken</i>."<br />
+for "Hamelyn" read "<i>Howelin</i>."</p>
+
+<p>Corrected from Blount's <i>Tenures</i>, p. 665, ed.
+1815.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><i>Printed and published by J. LIMBIRD, 143,
+Strand, (near Somerset House,) London; sold
+by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market,
+Leipsic; G. G. BENNIS, 55. Run Neuve, St.
+Augustin, Paris; and by all Newsmen and
+Booksellers.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11567 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
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+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #11567 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11567)
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume 19, No. 543, Saturday, April 21, 1832.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 14, 2004 [EBook #11567]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Joshua Hutchinson and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XIX. NO. 543.] SATURDAY, APRIL 21, 1832. [PRICE 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MELROSE ABBEY.
+
+
+[Illustration: Melrose Abbey.]
+
+(_From a finished sketch, by a Correspondent_.)
+
+
+These venerable ruins stand upon the southern bank of the Tweed, in
+Roxburghshire. The domestic buildings of the monastery are entirely
+gone; but the remains of the church connected with, as seen in the above
+Engraving, are described by Mr. Chambers[1] as "the finest specimen of
+Gothic architecture and Gothic sculpture of which this country
+(Scotland) can boast. By singular good fortune, Melrose is also one of
+the most entire, as it is the most beautiful, of all the ecclesiastical
+ruins scattered throughout this reformed land. To say that it is
+beautiful, is to say nothing. It is exquisitely--splendidly lovely. It
+is an object of infinite grace and immeasurable charm; it is fine in its
+general aspect and in its minutest details; it is a study--a glory." We
+confess ourselves delighted with Mr. Chambers's well-directed
+enthusiasm.
+
+    [1] Picture of Scotland, vol. i.
+
+A page of interesting facts towards the history of the Abbey will be
+found appended to the "Recollections" of a recent visit by one of our
+esteemed Correspondents, in _The Mirror_, vol. x., p. 445. In the
+present view, the ornate Gothic style of the building is seen to
+advantage, but more especially the richness of the windows, and the
+niches above them: the latter, from drawings made "early in the reign of
+King William," were originally filled with statues; and, connected with
+the destruction of some of them, Mr. Chambers relates the following
+anecdote "told by the person who shows Melrose:"
+
+"On the eastern window of the church, there were formerly thirteen
+effigies, supposed to represent our Saviour and his apostles. These,
+harmless and beautiful as they were, happened to provoke the wrath of a
+praying weaver in Gattonside, who, in a moment of inspired zeal, went up
+one night by means of a ladder, and with a hammer and chisel, knocked
+off the heads and limbs of the figures. Next morning he made no scruple
+to publish the transaction, observing, with a great deal of exultation,
+to every person whom he met, that he had 'fairly stumpet thae vile
+paipist dirt _nou!_' The people sometimes catch up a remarkable word
+when uttered on a remarkable occasion by one of their number, and turn
+the utterer into ridicule, by attaching it to him as a nickname; and it
+is some consolation to think that this monster was therefore treated
+with the sobriquet of 'Stumpie,' and of course carried it about with him
+to his grave."
+
+The exquisite beauty and elaborate ornament of Melrose can, according to
+the entertaining work already quoted, be told only in a volume of prose;
+but, as compression is the spirit of true poetry, we quote the following
+descriptive lines:
+
+
+  If thou would'st view fair Melrose aright,
+  Go visit it by the pale moonlight;
+  For the gay beams of lightsome day
+  Gild but to flout the ruins gray.
+  When the broken arches are dark in night,
+  And each shafted oriel glimmers white;
+  When the cold light's uncertain shower
+  Streams on the ruin'd central tower;
+  When buttress and buttress, alternately,
+  Seem framed of ebon and ivory;
+  Wnen silver edges the imagery,
+  And the scrolls that teach thee to live and die;
+  When distant Tweed is heard to rave,
+  And the howlet to hoot o'er the dead man's grave,
+  Then go--but go alone the while--
+  Then view St. David's[2] ruined pile;
+  And, home returning, soothly swear,
+  Was never scene so sad and fair.
+         *       *       *       *       *
+  By a steel-clench'd postern door,
+    They enter'd now the chancel tall;
+  The darken'd roof rose high aloof
+    On pillars, lofty, light, and small;
+  The key-stone, that lock'd each ribbed aisle,
+  Was a fleur-de-lys or a quatre-feuille;
+  The corbells[3] were carved grotesque and grim;
+  And the pillars, with cluster'd shafts so trim,
+  With base and capital furnish'd around,
+  Seem'd bundles of lances which garlands had bound.
+         *       *       *       *       *
+  The moon on the east oriel shone,
+  Through slender shafts of shapely stone,
+    By foliated tracery combined;
+  Thou would'st have thought some fairy's hand
+  'Twixt poplars straight the osier wand
+    In many a freakish knot had twined;
+  Then framed a spell, when the work was done,
+  And changed the willow-wreaths to stone.[4]
+
+
+    [2] Built by David I. in 1136.
+
+    [3] Corbells, the projections from which the arches spring,
+        usually cut in a fantastic face, or mask.
+
+    [4] Sir Walter Scott's "Lay of the Last Minstrel."
+
+
+The monks of Melrose were caricatured for their sensuality at the
+Reformation. Their Abbey suffered in consequence; for the condemnator,
+out of the ruins, built himself a house, which may still be seen near
+the church. "The regality," says Mr. Chambers, "soon after passed into
+the hands of Lord Binning, an eminent lawyer, ancestor to the Earl of
+Haddington; and about a century ago, the whole became the property of
+the Buccleuch family."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LACONICS.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+The most important advantages we enjoy, and the greatest discoveries
+that science can boast, have proceeded from men who have either seen
+little of the world, or have secluded themselves entirely for the
+purposes of study. Not only those arts which are exclusively the result
+of calculation, such as navigation, mechanism, and others, but even
+agriculture, may be said to derive its improvement, if not its origin,
+from the same source.
+
+Where a cause is good, an appeal should be directed to the heart rather
+than the head: the application comes more home, and reaches more
+forcibly, where it is the most necessary--the natural rather than the
+improved faculties of the human understanding.
+
+Common sense is looked upon as a vulgar quality, but nevertheless it is
+the only talisman to conduct us prosperously through the world. The man
+of refined sense has been compared to one who carries about with him
+nothing but gold, when he may be every moment in want of smaller change.
+
+The grand cause of failure in most undertakings is the want of
+unanimity. This, however, we find is not wanting where actual danger, as
+well as possible advantage may accrue to the parties concerned. It is
+whimsical enough that thieves and other ruffians, while they bid open
+defiance to the laws, both of God and man, pay implicit obedience to
+their own.
+
+Aristotle laid it down as a maxim "that all inquiry should begin with
+doubt." Whenever, then, we meet with mysteries beyond our feeble
+comprehension, would it not be more rational to doubt the very faculty
+we are employing--the capacity of our reason itself.
+
+The most politic, because the most effectual way of governing in a
+family, is for the husband occasionally to lay aside his supremacy; so
+in public, as well as private life, that king will be most popular who
+does not at all times exercise his full prerogative.
+
+It would appear that there is a great sympathy between the mind of man
+and falsehood: when we have a truth to tell, it takes better, if
+conveyed in a fable; and the rage for novels shows, that we may not only
+divert extremely without a syllable of truth, but truth is even
+compelled to borrow the habit of falsehood to secure itself an agreeable
+reception.
+
+In our intercourse with others, we should endeavour to turn the
+conversation towards those subjects with which our companions are
+professionally acquainted: thus we shall agreeably please as well as
+innocently flatter in affording them the opportunity to shine; while we
+should acquire that knowledge which we could no where else obtain so
+well.
+
+What an extraordinary method of reducing oneself to beggary is gambling!
+The man who has but little money in the world, and knows not how to
+procure more without risking his life and character, must needs put it
+in the power of fortune to take away what he has. Put the case in the
+opposite light, it is just as absurd: the man who has money to spare,
+must needs make the experiment whether it may not become the property of
+another.
+
+It is a mistake to suppose a great mind inattentive to trifles: its
+capacity and comprehension enable it to embrace every thing.
+
+The failing of vanity extends throughout all classes: the poor have but
+little time to bestow on their persons, and yet in the selection of
+their clothes we find they prefer such as are of a flaring and gaudy
+colour.
+
+Philosophy has not so much enabled men to overcome their weaknesses, as
+it has taught the art of concealing them from the world.
+
+That a little learning is dangerous is one of our surest maxims. If
+knowledge does not produce the effect of ameliorating our imperfect
+condition, it were, without question, better let alone altogether; it is
+not to be made merely an appendix to the mind, but must be incorporated
+and identified with it.
+
+They who have experienced sorrow are the most capable of appreciating
+joy; so, those only who have been sick, feel the full value of health.
+
+By the expression "common people," is meant the man of rank as well as
+the more industrious peasant; for in our estimate of men, the mind, and
+not the eye, is the most proper judge.
+
+Some men are, of course, more original thinkers than others, but all,
+without exception, who hope to appear in print with any effect, must
+first be readers themselves. It was said by Dr. Johnson, that more than
+half an author's time was occupied in reading what others had said
+concerning the subject he was himself writing upon.
+
+Every man, in his more serious moments, must confess that he has done
+few things in the course of his life he would not wish undone; and
+experience must have shown him that the things he most feared would have
+been better ihan those he most prayed for.
+
+Vanity is our dearest weakness, in more senses than one: a man will
+sacrifice every thing, and starve out all his other inclinations to keep
+alive that one.
+
+The man who trusts entirely to nature when he is sick, runs a great
+risk; but he who puts himself in the hands of a physician runs a still
+greater: of the two, nature would seem the better nurse, for she will,
+at all events, act honestly, and can have no possible interest in
+tampering with disease.
+
+A great idea may be thus defined:--it gives us the perception of many
+others, and it discovers to us all at once what we could only have
+arrived at by a course of reading or inquiry.
+
+We are told to place no faith in appearances, yet it will be found a
+wiser course to judge from the human countenance rather than the human
+voice: most men place a guard over their words and their actions, but
+very few can blind the expression that is conveyed by the features.
+
+To assist our fellow-creatures is the noblest privilege of mortality: it
+is, in some sort, forestalling the bounty of Providence.
+
+There is no doubt that memory, although it may be cultivated, is
+originally a gift of nature; so, also, application must be regarded as a
+natural endowment; for there are some men, however well disposed, who
+can never bring themselves to grapple closely with any thing.
+
+It has been suggested that man has no real necessity for clothing. All
+other creatures are furnished with every necessary for their existence,
+and it is improbable one nobler than them all should be left in a
+defective condition: there are some nations, in severer climates than
+ours, who have no notion of clothing; and, even in civilized life, the
+most tender parts of the body are constantly exposed, as the face, neck,
+&c.
+
+It is the temper of a blade that must be the proof of a good sword, and
+not the gilding of the hilt or the richness of the scabbard; so it is
+not his grandeur and possessions that make a man considerable, but his
+intrinsic merit.
+
+F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE KNIGHT'S RETURN.
+
+FROM THE GERMAN.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+
+  "Page, what sound mine ears is greeting,
+    Whence the lime-trees wave in pride?"
+  "'Tis, sir knight, the herds that bleating,
+    Wander o'er the mountain's side."
+
+  "Say, my page, what means this singing?
+    Notes so sad, some ill betide;"
+  "In the village, crowds are bringing
+    From the chapel, home a bride."
+
+  "Say then, why so slowly passes
+    Yon dark-rob'd and silent train?"
+  "From the saying bridal-masses,
+    Monks are coming o'er the plain."
+
+  "Speak then, why I now behold it;
+    Whence yon banner's milk-white hue?"
+  "Ask no further, they unfold it
+    To the bride an honour due."
+
+  "Say, my page, what means that writing
+    Graven on yon marble-stone?"
+  "'Tis the youth and maiden plighting
+    Love to one, and one alone."
+
+  "How, my page, that name the dearest?
+    See, and true its meaning tell."
+  "Know, and tremble as thou hearest,
+    "'Twas for secret love she fell."
+
+  "What! my page, if thus 'tis written,
+    If for love she dar'd to die,
+  Bertha dead! if thus 'tis written,
+    As she perish'd, so will _I_."
+
+H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SCOTCH ECONOMY.
+
+(_To the Editor._)
+
+
+The amusing letter of _S.S._ in No. 536, of _The Mirror_, has but so
+very recently met my eyes, that I have been obliged unavoidably to allow
+some weeks to elapse ere I noticed it. Indeed, to advert to it at all, I
+should not have considered necessary, but that your correspondent seems
+to imply a doubt as to the accuracy of my assertion, in the article
+"Shavings," (vide No. 533, p. 83.) Permit me, for the satisfaction of
+your readers to state, that I was no "flying tourist," when the fact of
+a very considerable waste of fuel in Edinburgh, (fuel which would, I
+thought, sell in England, if not wanted in Scotland,) came repeatedly, I
+may say, almost daily, under my own personal observation. A residence of
+two years in Edinburgh (yes, it certainly was "the Scottish capital,"
+for I had previously resided during a longer period in the Irish one,)
+enabled me to state what I then beheld, with a scrutiny which certainly
+would not have been warranted by a mere casual visit of two days, two
+weeks, or two months; that the circumstance should have irritated _S.S._
+I cannot consider any fault of mine; my statement was correct. The
+possibility of Irish labourers being employed to build in Scotland, as
+they are very generally in England, does not seem to have occurred to
+your correspondent; I confess it did to me, but considered, to mention
+it in my trifling "Domestic Hint," quite unnecessary, since, had their
+wastefulness been hitherto unknown to their employers, it might
+henceforth, if they pleased "to take a hint," be by them materially
+checked. In days when the complaint of poverty is universal, when the
+working classes find it difficult to carry on any employment which shall
+bring them bread, and when thousands wander over the united kingdom with
+no apparent means of subsistence, I did not imagine that a "Hint," as to
+a possible source of emolument (were it confined but to half a dozen
+individuals) to the poor, would be considered a meet subject for
+ridicule. I said, or intended to say, if shavings and loose chippings of
+wood are of little value for fuel in Scotland, they are acceptable in
+England; and why, if the proprietors of new houses choose during their
+erection, to save the fuel they produce, and of which I repeat I have
+seen vast quantities burnt, and bestow it as a charity on such persons
+as might think it worth acceptance for sale, "over the Border;" why they
+should not do so, I have yet to learn.[5] However, waiving this scheme,
+which _S.S._ may be inclined to think rather Utopian, and conceding,
+that if Scotland needs not for fuel, her refuse chips and shavings, they
+would not answer in that light as a marketable commodity in the sister
+country, still wood and wood-ashes have become of late years, agents so
+valuable and important in chemistry, and other sciences and arts, as to
+furnish another, and all-sufficient reason why no reckless destruction
+should be allowed of an article, every species of which may be rendered,
+under some modification, of utility.
+
+
+    [5] Has Scotland no paupers to whom the gift of wood fuel might
+        prove acceptable, in spite of peat? We have in England abundance
+        of wood, yet our own poor are distressed for it, glad to pick up
+        sticks for firing, and often steal it from fences, &c. in their
+        necessity, and the gift of wood is to them a charity, as well as
+        that of coals. Why should aught that could he made of use, be
+        wantonly destroyed? It is contrary to Scripture; it is in
+        opposition to common sense.
+
+
+Respecting the well preserved eggs of Scotland; though _S.S._ is
+probably aware of the circumstance, yet some of your readers may not be,
+their sale in England (and indeed I have understood America) brings her
+in no inconsiderable profit. In this country they arrive, and I have my
+account from an eye-witness, in large deal boxes, most curiously packed,
+relying solely on each other for support; since, set up perpendicularly
+on their ends, with no straw, heather, saw-dust, or any other material
+to fill the interstices between them, the fate of every box of this
+fragile ware depends, during its journey and unlading, on the safety or
+fracture of a single egg; but such is the nicety and compactness of
+their packing, that rarely, if ever, an accident occurs.
+
+M.L.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PRICE OF TEA.
+
+(_To the Editor_.)
+
+
+As I have been a subscriber to _The Mirror_ from its commencement, and
+very frequently refer to its pages with much pleasure and profit, I hope
+I may be allowed to correct a statement made in No. 541, p. 222, under
+the article _Tea_. It is said that the profit of one pound to sell at
+7_s_. is 2_s_. 2_d_.
+
+
+                    _s. d._
+  Thus, cost price   2  5
+  Duty               2  5
+  Profit             2  2
+                     ____
+                     7  0
+
+
+In all retail houses of any respectability in the Tea trade, I am sure
+that Tea costing 2_s_. 5_d_. at the sale is never sold above 6_s_. per
+lb. and in five out of six shops of the above description 5_s_. 4_d_.
+and 5_s_. 6_d_. is the utmost price demanded for such Tea. I and my
+family have been in the trade, in one house, considerably more than half
+a century, and I can assure you, that from 6_d_. to 8_d_. per lb. is the
+present retail profit upon Tea sold at the East India Company's sales,
+under 3_s_. per lb.
+
+S.
+
+In reply to this note, the authenticity of which we do not question,
+we can only refer the writer to our distinct quotation from "the
+evidence of Mr. Mills, a Tea Broker, before the House of Lords.' In our
+15th volume, No. 414, p. 104, the proportion of profit is differently
+stated from an article in the _Quarterly Review_. A pound of 11_s_.
+
+Hyson
+
+
+                                    _s. d._
+  Costs at the Company's Sale        4  4
+  King's Duty                        4  4
+                                     ____
+                                     8  8
+  Retailer's profit, brokerage, &c.  2  4
+                                    _____
+                                    11  0
+
+
+We have often received from one of the most extensively dealing retail
+Tea-dealers in the metropolis, an assurance, similar to that of our
+correspondent, _S_. so that we do not require the substantiation he
+proffers.--_Ed. M_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+The Naturalist.
+
+GLEANINGS IN NATURAL HISTORY.
+
+
+Observers of Nature seem to be just now appreciating the observation of
+the benevolent _Gilbert White_, of Selborne, who lived and died in the
+last century: "that if stationary men would pay some attention to the
+districts on which they reside, and would publish their thoughts
+respecting the objects that surround them, from such materials might be
+drawn the most complete county histories." Accordingly, a little system
+of rural philosophy has been founded upon the best of all bases,
+home-observation, and such books as have resulted from these labours,
+promise to make the study of Nature more popular than will all the
+Zoological, Botanical, and Geological Societies of Europe. Among these
+works we include the cheap reprint of the _Natural History of Selborne_;
+Mr. Rennie's delightful observations which are scattered through the
+Zoological volumes of the _Library of Entertaining Knowledge_; but more
+especially the _Journal of a Naturalist_, published by Mr. Leonard
+Knapp, about three years since, and stated by the author to have
+originated in his admiration of Mr. White's _Selborne_. The volume
+before us is the result of a congenial feeling, and is written by Edward
+Jesse, Esq., deputy surveyor of his majesty's parks, by means of which
+appointment he must have possessed peculiar opportunities and facilities
+of observation, as is evident in the local recollections throughout his
+volume. Thus, we find miscellaneous particulars of the Royal Parks and
+Forests, and from the writer's residence on the bank of the Thames, (we
+conclude, near Bushy Park,) a few Maxims for an Angler. The whole is a
+very charming _melange_, with a most discursive arrangement, it is true,
+but never falling into dulness, or tiring the reader with too minute
+detail. We intend, therefore, to range through the volume, and gather a
+few of its most interesting gleanings to our garner.
+
+Our author thinks he has discovered the use for the remarkable and,
+indeed, what appears disproportionate length, of the
+
+
+Claws of the Skylark.
+
+"That they were not intended to enable the bird to search the earth for
+food, or to fix itself more securely on the branches of trees, is
+evident, as they neither scratch the ground nor roost on trees. The lark
+makes its nest generally in grass fields, where it is liable to be
+injured either by cattle grazing over it, or by the mower. In case of
+alarm from either these or other causes, the parent birds remove their
+eggs, by means of their long claws, to a place of greater security; and
+this transportation I have observed to be effected in a very short space
+of time. By placing a lark's egg, which is rather large in proportion to
+the size of the bird, in the foot, and then drawing the claws over it,
+you will perceive that they are of sufficient length to secure the egg
+firmly, and by this means the bird is enabled to convey its eggs to
+another place, where she can sit upon and hatch them. When one of my
+mowers first told me that he had observed the fact, I was somewhat
+disinclined to credit it; but I have since ascertained it beyond a
+doubt, and now mention it as another strong proof of that order in the
+economy of Nature, by means of which this affectionate bird is enabled
+to secure its forthcoming offspring. I call it affectionate, because few
+birds show a stronger attachment to their young."
+
+
+Instinct allied to reason.
+
+Several interesting anecdotes are quoted to show that there is something
+more than mere instinct, which influences the conduct of some animals.
+Bees and spiders afford many traits, but we quote the elephant and
+parrot:
+
+"I was one day feeding the poor elephant (who was so barbarously put to
+death at Exeter 'Change) with potatoes, which he took out of my hand.
+One of them, a round one, fell on the floor, just out of the reach of
+his proboscis. He leaned against his wooden bar, put out his trunk, and
+could just touch the potato, but could not pick it up. After several
+ineffectual efforts, he at last _blew_ the potato against the opposite
+wall with sufficient force to make it rebound, and he then, without
+difficulty, secured it. Now it is quite clear, I think, that instinct
+never taught the elephant to procure his food in this manner; and it
+must, therefore, have been reason, or some intellectual faculty, which
+enabled him to be so good a judge of cause and effect. Indeed, the
+_reflecting_ power of some animals is quite extraordinary. I had a dog
+who was much attached to me, and who, in consequence of his having been
+tied up on a Sunday morning, to prevent his accompanying me to church,
+would conceal himself in good time on that day, and I was sure to find
+him either at the entrance of the church, or if he could get in, under
+the place where I usually sat.
+
+"I have been often much delighted with watching the manner in which some
+of the old bucks in Bushy Park contrive to get the berries from the fine
+thorn-trees there. They will raise themselves on their hind legs, give a
+spring, entangle their horns in the lower branches of the tree, give
+them one or two shakes, which make some of the berries full, and they
+will then quietly pick them up.
+
+"A strong proof of intellect was given in the case of Colonel O'Kelly's
+parrot. When the colonel and his parrot were at Brighton, the bird was
+asked to sing; he answered 'I can't,' Another time he left off in the
+middle of a tune, and said, 'I have forgot.' Colonel O'Kelly continued
+the tune for a few notes; the parrot took it up where the Colonel had
+left off. The parrot took up the bottom of a lady's petticoat, and said
+'What a pretty foot!' The parrot seeing the family at breakfast said,
+'Won't you give some breakfast to Poll?' The company teazed and mopped
+him a good deal; he said 'I don't like it.'--(From a Memorandum found
+amongst the late Earl of Guildford's Papers.)"
+
+
+Eels.
+
+Several pages are devoted to the economy of these curious creatures, and
+as many points of their history are warmly contested, Mr. Jesse's
+experience is valuable.
+
+"That they do wander[6] from one place to another is evident, as I am
+assured that they have been found in ponds in Richmond Park, which had
+been previously cleaned out and mudded, and into which no water could
+run except from the springs which supplied it.[7] An annual migration of
+young eels takes place in the River Thames in the month of May, and they
+have generally made their appearance at Kingston, in their way upwards,
+about the second week in that month, and accident has so determined it,
+that, for several years together it was remarked that the 10th of May
+was the day of what the fishermen call eel-fair; but they have been more
+irregular in their proceedings since the interruption of the lock at
+Teddington. These young eels are about two inches in length, and they
+make their approach in one regular and undeviating column of about five
+inches in breadth, and as thick together as it is possible for them to
+be. As the procession generally lasts two or three days, and as they
+appear to move at the rate of nearly two miles and a half an hour, some
+idea may be formed of their enormous number.
+
+    [6] From the following lines of Oppian, the rambling spirit of
+        eels seems to have been known to the ancients--
+
+                        The wandering eel,
+        Oft to the neighbouring beach will silent steal"
+
+    [7] I have been informed, upon the authority of a nobleman well
+        known for his attachment to field sports, that, if an eel is
+        found on land, its head is invariably turned towards the sea,
+        for which it is always observed to make in the most direct line
+        possible. If this information is correct (and there seems to be
+        no reason to doubt it.) it shows that the eel, like the swallow,
+        is possessed of a strong migratory instinct. May we not suppose
+        that the swallow, like the eel, performs its migrations in the
+        same undeviating course?
+
+
+"Eels feed on almost all animal substances, whether dead or living. It
+is well known that they devour the young of all water-fowl that are not
+too large for them. Mr. Bingley states, that he saw exposed for sale at
+Retford, in Nottinghamshire, a quantity of eels that would have filled a
+couple of wheelbarrows, the whole of which had been taken out of the
+body of a dead horse, thrown into a ditch near one of the adjacent
+villages; and a friend of mine saw the body of a man taken out of the
+Serpentine River in Hyde Park, where it had been some time, and from
+which a large eel crawled out. The winter retreat of eels is very
+curious. They not only get deep into the mud, but in Bushy Park, where
+the mud in the ponds is not very deep, and what there is, is of a sandy
+nature, the eels make their way under the banks of the ponds, and have
+been found knotted together in a large mass. Eels vary much in size in
+different waters. The largest I ever caught was in Richmond Park, and it
+weighed five pounds, but some are stated to have been caught in Ireland
+which weighed from fifteen to twenty pounds. Seven pounds is, I believe,
+no unusual size. The large ones are extremely strong and muscular.
+Fishing one day at Pain's Hill, near Cobham, in Surrey, I hooked an eel
+amongst some weeds, but before I could land him, he had so twisted a new
+strong double wire, to which the hook was fixed, that he broke it and
+made his escape."
+
+Sir Humphry Davy's opinions respecting eels are quoted from his
+_Salmonia_:[8] Mr. Jesse adds:
+
+
+    [8] See MIRROR, vol. xii. p. 253.
+
+
+"It is with considerable diffidence that one would venture to differ in
+opinion with Sir Humphry Davy, but I cannot help remarking, that, as
+eels are now known to migrate _from_ fresh water, as was shown in the
+case of the Richmond Park ponds, this restless propensity may arise from
+their impatience of the greater degree of warmth in those ponds in the
+month of May, and not from their wish to get into water still warmer, as
+suggested by Sir Humphry Davy. Very large eels are certainly found in
+rivers, the Thames and Mole for instance, where I have seen them so that
+they must either have remained in them, or have returned from the sea,
+which Sir H. Davy thinks they never do, though I should add, that the
+circumstance already related of so many large eels being seen dead or
+dying during a hot summer, near the Nore, would appear to confirm his
+assertion. If eels are oviparous, as Sir Humphry Davy thinks they are,
+would not the ova have been found, especially in the conger,--many of
+which are taken and brought to our markets, frequently of a very large
+size? It does not appear, however, that any of the fringes along the
+air-bladder have ever arrived at such a size and appearance as to have
+justified any one in the supposition that they were ovaria, though, as
+has been stated, distinguished naturalists, from the time of Aristotle
+to the present moment, have been endeavouring to ascertain this fact.
+Since the above was written, I have been shown ova in the lamprey, and
+what appeared to have been melt taken from a conger eel, at a
+fishmonger's in Bond-street. These specimens were preserved by Mr.
+Yarrell, of Little Ryder-street, St. James's, who had the kindness to
+open two eels, sent to him from Scotland, in my presence, and in which
+the fringes were very perceptible, though they were without any ova.
+That ingenious and indefatigable naturalist is, however, of opinion that
+eels are oviparous, though he failed in producing proof that the common
+eels were so.
+
+"In further proof, however, of eels being viviparous, it may be added
+(if the argument of analogy applies in this case), that the animalculć
+of paste eels are decidedly viviparous. Mr. Bingley also, in his animal
+biography, says that eels are viviparous. Blumenbach says, too, that
+'according to the most correct observations they are certainly
+viviparous.' He adds also, that, the eel is so tenacious of life, that
+its heart, when removed from the body, retains its irritability for
+forty hours afterwards."
+
+We are not inclined to attach very considerable importance to Mr.
+Bingley's experience, much as we admire his entertaining _Animal
+Biography_: we believe him to be classed among book-naturalists, and he
+wrote this work many years since.
+
+(_To be continued_.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+QUEEN ANNE'S SPRING, NEAR ETON.
+
+
+[Illustration: Queen Anne's Spring, near Eton.]
+
+
+(_From a Correspondent_.)
+
+The accompanying sketch represents a sequestered spot of sylvan shade
+whence rises a Spring which tradition designates Queen Anne's. Here the
+limpid crystal flows in gentle, yet ceaseless streams, conveying "Health
+to the sick and solace to the swain."
+
+It has some claims to antiquity; and its merits have been appreciated by
+royalty. Queen Anne was the first august personage who had recourse to
+it; in later times, Queen Charlotte for many years had the pure element
+conveyed to her royal abode at Windsor, and in 1785, a stone, with a
+cipher and date, was placed there by her illustrious consort, George
+III. This spring is situate at Chalvey, (a village between Eton and Salt
+Hill,) on the property of J. Mason, Esq., Cippenham. It was the
+observation of the esteemed and celebrated Dr. Heberdeen, that it but
+required a physician to write a treatise on the water, to render it as
+efficacious as Malvern.
+
+URANIA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Spirit Of The Public Journals.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+STATE OF MAGIC IN EGYPT, BY AN EYE-WITNESS.
+
+
+At the Consul General's table, in Egypt, in August, 1822, the
+conversation turned on the belief in magic; and the Consul's Italian
+Staff propounded the following story, which seemed to have perfect
+possession of their best belief. They said that a magician of great name
+was then in Cairo--I think a Mogrebine; and that he had been sent for to
+the Consul's house, and put to the following proof:--A silver spoon had
+been lost, and he was invited to point out the thief. On arriving, he
+sent for an Arab boy at hazard out of the street, and after various
+ceremonies, poured ink into the boy's hand, into which the boy was to
+look. It was stated, that he asked the boy what he saw, and the boy
+answered, "_I see a little man_,"--Tell him to bring a flag,--"_Now he
+has brought a flag_."--Tell him to bring another.--"_Now he has brought
+another_."--Tell him to bring a third,--"_Now he has brought it_."--Tell
+him to bring a fourth.--"_He has brought it_."--Tell him to bring the
+captain of them all.--"_I see a great Sheik on horseback_."--Tell him to
+bring the man that stole the spoon.--"_Now he has brought him_."--What
+is he like?--"_He is a Frangi, poor-looking and mesquin_." After which
+followed other points of personal description not remembered; but which
+drew from the Staff the observation, that a European of exactly those
+qualities had been about the house. We expressed our desire to be
+introduced to the magician, and the Consul gravely intimated it might
+hurt the prejudices of his wife, as being a Catholic; to the great mirth
+of the beautiful Consuless when she was told of it, who, though a
+Catholic and an Italian, declared she was the only person in the family
+that set all the magicians in Egypt at defiance.
+
+Having some time afterwards established ourselves in a house of our own,
+on the edge of the garden of the Austrian Consulate (as I remember by
+the token that a Turkish officer who had been taking his evening walk of
+meditation, very gravely opened the window from the garden, put in first
+one leg of his huge trousers and then the other, and strode into the
+room followed by his pipe-bearer, as being the shortest cut into the
+street; though I must do him the justice to say he laughed and was very
+conversable, when I brought him up with a salam and a cup of coffee, by
+way of demonstrating there was somebody in the house besides the Arab
+owner), we sent for the magician. I remember a well-dressed personable
+man, of what, after the fashion of the nomenclature in the Chamber of
+Deputies, might be called the young middle-age. He agreed to show us a
+specimen of his art, though I do not recollect that the nature of it was
+defined. He fixed upon our little boy of seven years old to be his
+instrument; and I remember he talked some nonsense about requiring an
+innocent agent, and how a woman might do as well, if she could plead the
+innocent presence of the unborn. He dispatched a servant into the bazar,
+to procure frankincense and other things which he directed; and on their
+being produced we all retired into a room, and closed the doors and
+windows. An earthen pot was placed in the middle of the floor,
+containing fire, and the magician sat down by it. He placed the little
+boy before him, and poured ink into the hollow of the boy's hand, and
+bid him look into it steadily. I think the mother rather quailed, at
+seeing her child in such propinquity with "the Enemy;" but recovered
+herself on being exhorted to defy the devil and all his works. And the
+thing was not entirely without danger from another quarter; for it was
+understood the Pasha had directed a special edict against all dealing
+with familiar spirits; and the Pasha's edicts were not altogether to be
+trifled with, as we knew from the mishap of a poor Indian servant, who
+was caught in the bazar in the fact of taking thirteen of the Pasha's
+tin piasters in change for a dollar, when the political economy of Cairo
+had decreed that twelve were to be equal in public estimation, and was
+immediately incarcerated in the place of skulls, or at least of heads,
+from which it is supposed he would have come out shorn of his beard and
+the chin it grew from, if the Consular cocked hat and Abyssinian charger
+had not proceeded at a gallop to the Court at Shubra, to claim him as a
+subject of the British crown; and much did poor Baloo vow, that no
+earthly temptation should take him again to quit the gentle rule of the
+old Lady in Leadenhall-street, who, though she pinches a Peishwa and
+mercilessly screws a renter when it suits her, it must be allowed has a
+reverent care for the heads of all her lieges, and gives them a fair
+chance of going to their graves with the members nature had bestowed on
+them.
+
+_Hisce positis_, as the logicians say, the magician began his process.
+The boy was innocent of fear; being in fact a person rather perplexed
+and imperfect in those parts of theology that should have caused him to
+feel alarm. His native nurse first taught him to kiss his hand to the
+moon walking in brightness; which, being especially reprobated in the
+book of Job, we persuaded him to renounce. We next found him making
+salams as he passed the fat old gentleman with an elephant's head, and
+other foul idolatries bedaubed with rose-pink and butter, that show
+themselves on various milestone-like appurtenances to an Indian road.
+After his visit to the Persian Gulph he leaned more towards monotheism;
+and I once found him seated between two guns on the quarter-deck of an
+Arab frigate, in the midst of a fry of devotees of little more than his
+own age, busily engaged in chanting canticles in praise of Mohammed the
+"amber-_ee_." His early leaning towards the ugly gods of Hindoston, had
+made it a delicate matter to introduce him to our Evil Principle; and
+the fact was, that when he afterwards saw the Freischutz in England, we
+had no means of making him comprehend the nature of the crimson fiend,
+but by telling him he was a relation of his old elephant-headed friend
+Gunputty. On the whole I imagine there never was a better subject to
+cope with a sorcerer; and when he asked the cause of the immediate
+preparations we told him the man was going to show some feats of
+legerdemain such as he used to see in India. The magician began by
+throwing grains of incense upon the fire, bowing with a seesaw motion
+and repeating "_Heyya hadji Capitân, Heyya hadji Capitân;_" which being
+interpreted, if it was intended to have any meaning, would appear to
+imply "_Hurra, pilgrim Captain!_" being, as I understood it at the time,
+an invocation by his style and title, of the spirit he wished to see.
+When nothing came, he increased his zeal after the manner of a priest of
+Baal, and seemed determined that if the "Captain" was sleeping or on a
+journey, he should not be missed for want of calling. One slight
+_variorum_ reading I observed. Instead of saying to the boy "What do you
+see?" as had been reported--he said "_Do you see a little man?_" which,
+if he had been accessible to fear or phantasy, was manifestly telling
+him what he was to look for. The boy, however, resolutely declared he
+saw nothing; and the sorcerer continued his calls upon his spirit. When
+in this manner curiosity had been roused to something like expectation,
+the boy suddenly exclaimed, "I see something!"--_Tremor occupat
+artis;_--when he quashed it all by adding, "I see my nose." By the dim
+light of the fire, he had succeeded in getting a glimpse of his own
+countenance reflected in the ink. The magician doubled his exertions by
+way of carrying the thing off; but there was much less gravity in his
+audience afterwards; and at last he was forced to declare that the
+spirit would not come, and the reason he believed was because we were
+Christians. He said, however, if an Arab boy was substituted the spirit
+would come. A servant therefore was sent out to bring a boy by the offer
+of a piastre, and one was soon produced. Whether there was any
+confederacy or not, I had no precise means to ascertain; but I was
+inclined to think not. The Arab boy was trusted with the ink in place of
+the European, and on the magician's asking him the leading question "Do
+you see a little man?" he took but one look and answered "Yes." The
+orders then followed "Tell him to bring a flag." &c. to all of which,
+whether operated on by some dread of refusing, or by the natural
+inclination of one rogue to help another, he duly answered that the
+thing was done. I do not remember any further _denoůment_ that there
+was; and so ended the magic of the magician of Grand Cairo.
+
+Being disappointed in this experiment, we began to seek for the
+opportunity of making others, and offered a reward for any person who
+would show us a specimen of imp or spirit. One man was produced, who was
+stated to be of considerable fame. He said he would show me a spirit;
+but I must go out with him three nights running to a cross road at
+midnight, and perform divers ceremonies and lustrations which he
+proceeded to describe. I believe he he had got an inkling, that I
+intended to leave Cairo the next day. I told him, however, that I would
+cheerfully go through any ceremonies he might propose. He next said, it
+would be necessary that I should repeat the name of the spirit I called
+for, eleven thousand times; and this I assured him I would painfully
+perform. He then said, he was afraid at my age the operation would be
+dangerous. I wonder whether the rogue meant that I was too young, or too
+old, or too middle-aged; for I was exactly thirty-eight. Seeing that I
+only pressed him the more, he took his fee and walked off, intimating
+that there was no use in doing these things with Frangis.
+
+I saw another instance in Cairo, of the way in which a story accumulates
+by telling, and the degree in which even sensible Europeans by long
+residence are induced to give into the beliefs they find around them.
+The conversation turned one day on the power of charming serpents,
+supposed to be inherent in certain descendants of the _Psylli_. One of
+the Consular Staff immediately declared, that a most remarkable instance
+of the fact had happened in the Consul-General's own courtyard the day
+before. That one of those gifted men had come into the yard, and
+declared he knew by his art that there were serpents in the stable; and
+that he had immediately gone and summoned forth two snakes of the most
+poisonous kind, which he seized in his hands and brought, in the
+presence of the relator, to the Consular threshold. Now it happened to
+me to see the whole of this scene. I was wandering about the Consul's
+court, gazing at the curiosities scattered around, enough to have set up
+any European museum with an Egyptian branch, and particularly, I
+remember, at a lame mummy's crutch, found with him in his coffin, on
+which it is possible the original owner hopped away from the plague of
+frogs. An old rural Arab of respectable appearance was standing at the
+Consul's door, holding in his hand the crooked stick which an Arab keeps
+to recover the halter of his camel if he happens to lose it while
+mounted, and presenting altogether a parallel to a substantial yeoman
+with his riding-whip, come to town to do a little justice business with
+the Mayor. A stable-keeper came and said, that two snakes had made their
+appearance in the stable; on which the Arab, being no more in the habit
+of fearing such vermin than a European farmer of fearing rats, proceeded
+towards the stable, and I followed him. Sure enough there were two
+snakes in dalliance in the horse's stall; and my construction was, that
+it was the poor animals' St. Valentine. The Arab, however, ruthlessly
+smote them with his gib stick, in a way that showed an exact
+comprehension of what would settle a snake; and brought them hanging by
+the tails and still writhing with the remains of life, and laid them at
+the threshold of the house. I looked at the snakes, and felt a strong
+persuasion that they were of a harmless kind; but whether they were or
+not, was of small moment as the Arab treated them.
+
+I remember in India once driving one of the snake-jugglers to discovery.
+He told the servants there were snakes in the stable; and offered to
+produce one. He accordingly went, with piping and other ceremonies, and
+soon demonstrated a goodly _cobra de capello_ struggling by the tail. He
+secured this in his repertory of snakes, and said he thought there was
+another; on which he went through the same operations again. Though he
+had been too quick for me on both occasions, I offered him a rupee to
+produce a third, which he agreed to; and this time I saw the snake's
+head, struggling rather oddly in his nether garments. He ran into the
+horse's stall, rushed forward with a shriek to distract attention, and
+then I saw him jerk out a snake of some four feet long, and drag it
+backwards by the tip of the tail as if desperately afraid of it. Knowing
+his snakes must be an exhaustible quantity, I proffered a second rupee
+for another, taking care to keep between him and the snake-basket; which
+he declined. But on turning round and giving him a chance to communicate
+with his receptacle, he quickly presented himself with the assurance
+that now he thought he knew where a serpent might be lodged. The Indian
+servants all devoutly believed in his skill; but it is impossible not to
+be ashamed of Europeans, who adorn their books with marks of similar
+gullibility.--_Abridged from Tait's Edinburgh Mag._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Notes of a Reader
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+RECREATIONS IN THE LAW.
+
+
+Gentle reader, we are not about to direct your notice to the Temple
+Gardens, the olden feasts in our Law Halls--through which men ate their
+way to eminence--nor to prove that looking to a Chancellorship is
+woolgathering--nor to invite you to the shrubby groves of Lincoln's Inn,
+or to promenade with the spirit of BACON in Gray's Inn. All these may be
+pleasurable occupations; but there is mirth in store in the _study_ of
+the Law itself, which is not "dull and crabbed as some fools (or knaves)
+suppose."
+
+In a recent _Mirror_, (No. 540) this may have been made manifest to the
+reader in the Legal Rhymes, quoted by our correspondent, _W.A.R.;_[9]
+but lo! here is a volume of evidence in "_The Cenveyancer's Guide;_" a
+Poem, by John Crisp, Esq., of Furnival's Inn; in which the art of
+Conveyancing is sung in Hudibrastic verse, and said in notes of pleasant
+prose. Happy are we to see Mr. Crisp's volume in a third edition, since
+we opine from this success the bright moments of relief which his Muse
+may have shed upon the _viginti annorum lucubrutiones_ of thousands
+of students. We have not space for quotations from the poem itself, in
+which _Doe_ and _Roe_ figure as heroes, with their occasional
+friend Thomas Stiles. We can only say their movements are sung with the
+terseness and point which we so much admire in the great originals, so
+as to make men acknowledge there is good in every thing. Our extracts
+are from the Introduction and Notes. First is
+
+
+A LEGAL GLEE.
+
+  "A woman having a settlement,
+    Married a man with none,
+  The question was, he being dead,
+    If that she had was gone.
+  Quoth _Sir John Pratt_, her settlement
+    Suspended did remain,
+  Living the husband--but him dead,
+    It doth revive again.
+
+
+            "CHORUS OF PUISNE JUDGES.
+         "Living the husband--but him dead,
+                It doth revive again."
+
+
+    [9] ERRATA in one of our correspondent's "Legal
+
+          for "six beaches," read "six braches."
+          for "book ycleped," read "_bock ylered_."
+          for "token" read "_teken_."
+          for "Hamelyn" read "_Howelin_."
+
+        Corrected from Blount's _Tenures_, p. 665, ed. 1815.
+
+
+A print of Westminster Hall, by Mosely, from a drawing made by Gravelot,
+who died in 1773, bears the following versified inscription:--
+
+
+  "When fools fall out, for ev'ry flaw,
+  They run horn mad to go to law,
+  A hedge awry, a wrong plac'd gate,
+  Will serve to spend a whole estate.
+  Your case the lawyer says is good,
+  And justice cannot he withstood;
+  By tedious process from above,
+  From office they to office move,
+  Thro' pleas, demurrers, the dev'l and all,
+  At length they bring it to the _Hall_;
+  The dreadful hall by Rufus rais'd,
+  For lofty Gothick arches prais'd.
+
+  "The _first of Term_, the fatal day,
+  Doth various images convey;
+  First, from the courts with clam'rous bawl,
+  The _criers_ their _attornies_ call;
+  One of the gown discreet and wise,
+  By _proper_ means his witness tries;
+  From _Wreathock's_ gang, not right or laws,
+  H' assures his trembling client's cause.
+  _This_ gnaws his haudkerchies, whilst _that_
+  Gives the kind ogling nymph his hat;
+  Here one in love with choristers,
+  Minds singing more than law affairs.
+  A _Serjeant_ limping on behind,
+  Shews justice lame as well as blind.
+  To gain new clients some dispute,
+  Others protract an ancient suit,
+  Jargon and noise alone prevail,
+  Whilst sense and reason's sure to fail:
+  At _Babel_ thus _law terms_ begun,
+  And now at West----er go on."
+
+
+At page 24, of the Poem, there is a happy allusion to the permanence or
+lasting of a limitation:
+
+
+  "But if the limitation's made
+  So long as cheating's us'd in trade,
+  Or vice prevails: 'tis then a fee,
+  As good as ever need to be:
+  For tho' 'tis base instead of pure,
+  Alas it ever will endure."
+
+
+Upon this passage is the following confirmative note: "Cheating will
+always prevail, in defiance of all human laws, for it cannot be avoided,
+but so long as contracts be suffered, many offences shall follow
+thereby."--(_Doctor and Student_, c. 3.) In buying and selling, the law
+of nations connives at some cunning and overreaching in respect of the
+price. By the civil law, a just price is said to be that, whereby
+neither the buyer nor seller is injured above one moiety of the true and
+common value; and in this case the person injured shall not be relieved
+by rescinding the sale, for he must impute it to his own imprudence and
+indiscretion.
+
+The origin of _Fee-tail estates_:
+
+
+    "The expression, fee-tail, was borrowed from the feudists, among
+    whom it signified any mutilated or truncated inheritance from which
+    the heirs general were cut off, being derived from the barbarous
+    word _taliare_ to cut.--(2 _Blac. Comm_. 112.)
+
+
+_Fines and Recoveries (as fund and refund_,) are like the poles, arctic
+and attractive. Of the latter is the following _quid-pro-quo_ anecdote:
+
+
+    "A physician of an acrimonious disposition, and having a thorough
+    hatred of lawyers, was in company with a barrister, and in the
+    course of conversation, reproached the profession of the latter with
+    the use of phrases utterly unintelligible. 'For example,' said he,
+    'I never could understand what you lawyers mean by docking an
+    entail.' 'That is very likely,' answered the lawyer, 'but I will
+    explain it to you; it is doing what you doctors never consent
+    to--_suffering a recovery_.'
+
+
+Among the notes to _Rights and Titles_ is the following:
+
+
+    "Master _Mason_, of _Trinity College_, sent his pupil to another of
+    the fellows to borrow a book of him, who told him, 'I am loth to
+    lend books out of my chamber, but if it please thy tutor to come and
+    read upon it in my chamber, he shall as long as he will.' It was
+    winter, and some days after the same fellow sent to Mr. _Mason_ to
+    borrow his bellows, but Mr. _Mason_ said to his pupil, 'I am loth to
+    lend my bellows out of my chamber, but if thy tutor would come and
+    blow the fire in my chamber, he shall as long as he will.'
+
+
+In the next page is a note on the _Nature of Property_, in the
+perspicuous style of a master-mind:
+
+
+    "There is nothing which so generally strikes the imagination, and
+    engages the affections of mankind, as the right of property; or that
+    sole and despotic dominion which one man claims and exercises over
+    the external things of the world, in total exclusion of the right of
+    any other individual in the universe. And yet there are very few
+    that will give themselves the trouble to consider the original and
+    foundation of this right. Pleased as we are with the possession, we
+    seem afraid to look back to the means by which it was acquired, as
+    if fearful of some defect in our title; or at best we rest satisfied
+    with the decision of the laws in our favour, without examining the
+    reason and authority upon which those laws have been built. We think
+    it enough that our title is derived by the grant of the former
+    proprietor, by descent from our ancestors, or by the last will and
+    testament of the dying owner; not caring to reflect that (accurately
+    and strictly speaking) there is no foundation in nature, or in
+    natural law, why a set of words upon parchment should convey the
+    dominion of land; why the son should have a right to exclude his
+    fellow creature from a determinate spot of ground, because his
+    father had so done before him; or why the occupier of a particular
+    field, or of a jewel, when lying on his death bed, and no longer
+    able to maintain possession, should be entitled to tell the rest
+    of the world which of them should enjoy it after him.--(2 _Blac.
+    Comm._ 2)
+
+    "The _two sheriff's of London_ are the _one sheriff of Middlesex_;
+    thus constituting in the latter case, what may be denominated, in
+    the words of _George Colman the Younger_, (see his address to the
+    Reviewers, in his _vagaries_,) 'a plural unit.' Henry the First,
+    in the same charter by which he declared and confirmed the
+    privileges of the City of _London_, (and among others, that of
+    choosing their own sheriffs,) conferred on them, in consideration of
+    an annual rent of 300_l._, to be paid to his majesty and his
+    successors for ever, the perpetual sheriffalty of _Middlesex_. This
+    was an enormous price; 300_l._. in those days were equal to more
+    than three times as many thousands at the present time.
+
+
+Here is a lively commentary upon the _Inclosure Acts_:
+
+
+    "To a pamphlet which was published some years ago, against the
+    propriety of enclosing _Waltham Forest_, the following quaint motto
+    was prefixed:
+
+
+      "The fault is great in man or woman,
+      Who steals a goose from off a common,
+      But who can plead that man's excuse,
+      Who steals the common from the goose?"
+
+
+How to decide a Chancery Suit:
+
+"The _Shellys_ were a family of distinction in _Sussex_. _Richard_ and
+_Thomas Shelly_ were a long time engaged in litigation; and Queen
+Elizabeth hearing of it, ordered her Lord Chancellor to summon the
+Judges to put an end to it, to prevent the ruin of so ancient a
+family."--(_Engl. Baronets_, ed. 1737.)
+
+With these pleasantries we leave the _Conveyancer's Guide_, hoping it
+may be long ere the witty author sings his "Farewell to his Muse."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Manners & Customs of all Nations.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE CURFEW BELL.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+  Hark! the curfews solemn sound;
+  Silence, darkness, spreads around.
+
+
+There are now but few places in which this ancient custom--the memento
+of the iron sway of William the Conqueror--is retained.
+
+Its impression when I heard it for the first time, will never be effaced
+from my memory. Let not the reader suppose that it was merely the
+_sound_ of the bell to which I allude; to use the language of Thomas
+Moore, I may justly say, "Oh! no, it was something more exquisite
+still."
+
+It was during the autumn of last year, that I had occasion to visit the
+eastern coast of Kent. Accustomed to an inland county, the prospect of
+wandering by the sea shore, and inhaling the sea breezes, afforded me no
+trifling degree of pleasure. The most frequented road to the sea, was
+through a succession of meadows and pastures; the ground becoming more
+irregular and broken as it advanced, till at last it was little better
+than an accumulation of sand-hills. I have since been informed by a
+veteran tar, that these sand-hills bear a striking resemblance to those
+on that part of the coast of Egypt, where the British troops under the
+gallant Abercrombie were landed.
+
+The evening was beautifully calm, not a sound disturbed its
+tranquillity; and the sun was just sinking to repose in all his dying
+glory. At this part of the coast, the sands are hard and firm to walk
+upon; and on arriving at their extremity, where the waves were gently
+breaking at my feet, "forming sweet music to the thoughtful ear," I
+looked around, and gazed on the various objects that presented
+themselves to my view, with feelings of deep interest and pleasure. The
+evening was too far advanced to discern clearly the coast of France, but
+its dim outline might just be traced, bounding the view. Every now and
+then a vessel might be seen making her silent way round the foreland,
+her form gradually lessening, till at last it was entirely lost in the
+distance. As it grew darker, the strong, red glare of the light-house
+shedding its lurid gleams on the waves, added a novel effect to the
+scene.
+
+At the very moment I was turning from the shore, to retrace my steps,
+the deep tone of a distant bell fell on my ear. It was the Curfew
+Bell--which had been tolled regularly at eight o'clock in the evening,
+since the days of the despotic William.
+
+The vast changes that had taken place in society, in fact, in every
+thing, since the institution of this custom, occupied my thoughts during
+my walk; and I felt no little gratification in the assurance that what
+was originally the edict of a barbarous and despotic age, was now merely
+retained as a relic of ancient times.
+
+It may be thought romantic, but the first hearing of the Curfew Bell
+often occurs to my memory; and there are times when I fancy myself
+walking on that lone shore, and the objects that I then thought so
+beautiful, are as distinctly and vividly seen as if I were actually
+there.
+
+REGINALD.
+
+The only drawback from the interest of this brief paper is that the
+writer does not state the name of the Village whence he heard the Curfew
+Bell.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BARBAROUS PUNISHMENTS.
+
+
+It is almost inconceivable how long Fnglishmen have retained their
+barbarous practices. It is not more than a century since a trial for
+witchcraft took place in England, and hardly eighty since one occurred
+in Scotland. The crime of coining the King's money is still treated as
+treason, and women, for the commission of this crime as well as that of
+murdering their husbands, were sentenced to be strangled, and afterwards
+publicly burned. In London this horrible outrage upon civilized feelings
+was perpetrated in Smithfield. One of these melancholy exhibitions took
+place within the memory of many persons. The criminal was a fine young
+woman, and the strangling had not been completed, for when the flames
+reached her at the stake, she uttered a shriek. This produced, as it
+well might, a general horror, and the practice was abandoned, though the
+law was not abrogated. It was the mild and enlightened Sir Samuel
+Romilly who first brought in a bill to annul the old acts which ordered
+the most revolting mutilation of the corpses of traitors, agreeable to a
+sentence expressed in the most barbarous jargon. Mark, this was only a
+few years since, I believe in 1811.
+
+What must have been the taste of our forefathers, who suffered
+miscreants to obtain their livelihood for the moment by stationing
+themselves at Temple-bar, after the rebellion in 1745, with
+magnifying-glasses, that the spectators might more nicely discriminate
+the features of those unfortunate gentlemen whose heads had been fixed
+over the gateway. No London populace, however tumultuary, would now for
+a moment tolerate such an outrage upon all that is decent and
+humane--(From a clever letter in _the Times_ of April 12, by Colonel
+Jones.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE ALTRIVE TALES.
+
+By the Ettrick Shepherd.
+
+
+Mr. Hogg proposes to collect and reprint under the above title, the best
+of the grave and gay tales with which he has aided the Magazines and
+Annuals during the last few years. The Series will extend to fourteen
+volumes, the first of which, now before us, preceded by a poetical
+dedication and autobiographical memoir. The poem is an exquisite
+performance; but the biography, with due allowance for the Shepherd's
+claim, is a most objectionable preface. It is so disfigured with
+self-conceit and vituperative recollections of old grievances, that we
+regret some kind friend of the author did not suggest the omission of
+these personalities. They will be neither advantageous to the writer,
+interesting to the public, nor propitiatory for the work itself; since
+the world care less about the squabbles of authors and booksellers than
+even an "untoward event" in Parliament; and if the writer of every book
+were to detail his vexations as a preface, the publication of a long
+series of "Calamities" might be commenced immediately.
+
+To our way of thinking, the pleasantest part of the Shepherd's memoir is
+his reminiscences of men of talent, with whom his own abilities have
+brought him in contact. Thus, of
+
+
+_Southey._
+
+
+"My first interview with Mr. Southey was at the Queen's Head inn, in
+Keswick, where I had arrived, wearied, one evening, on my way to
+Westmoreland; and not liking to intrude on his family circle that
+evening, I sent a note up to Greta Hall, requesting him to come down and
+see me, and drink one half mutchkin along with me. He came on the
+instant, and stayed with me about an hour and a half. But I was a
+grieved as well as an astonished man, when I found that he refused all
+participation in my beverage of rum punch. For a poet to refuse his
+glass was to me a phenomenon; and I confess I doubted in my own mind,
+and doubt to this day, if perfect sobriety and transcendent poetical
+genius can exist together. In Scotland I am sure they cannot. With
+regard to the English, I shall leave them to settle that among
+themselves, as they have little that is worth drinking.
+
+"Before we had been ten minutes together my heart was knit to Southey,
+and every hour thereafter my esteem for him increased. I breakfasted
+with him next morning, and remained with him all that day and the next;
+and the weather being fine, we spent the time in rambling on the hills
+and sailing on the lake; and all the time he manifested a delightful
+flow of spirits, as well as a kind sincerity of manner, repeating
+convivial poems and ballads, and always between hands breaking jokes on
+his nephew, young Coleridge, in whom he seemed to take great delight. He
+gave me, with the utmost readiness, a poem and ballad of his own, for a
+work which I then projected. I objected to his going with Coleridge and
+me, for fear of encroaching on his literary labours; and, as I had
+previously resided a month at Keswick, I knew every scene almost in
+Cumberland; but he said he was an early riser, and never suffered any
+task to interfere with his social enjoyments and recreations; and along
+with us he went both days.
+
+"Southey certainly is as elegant a writer as any in the kingdom. But
+those who would love Southey as well as admire him, must see him, as I
+did, in the bosom, not only of one lovely family, but of three, all
+attached to him as a father, and all elegantly maintained and educated,
+it is generally said, by his indefatigable pen. The whole of Southey's
+conversation and economy, both at home and afield, left an impression of
+veneration on my mind, which no future contingency shall ever either
+extinguish or injure. Both his figure and countenance are imposing, and
+deep thought is strongly marked in his dark eye; but there is a defect
+in his eyelids, for these he has no power of raising; so that, when he
+looks up, he turns up his face, being unable to raise his eyes; and when
+he looks towards the top of one of his romantic mountains, one would
+think he was looking at the zenith. This peculiarity is what will most
+strike every stranger in the appearance of the accomplished laureate. He
+does not at all see well at a distance, which made me several times
+disposed to get into a passion with him, because he did not admire the
+scenes which I was pointing out. We have only exchanged a few casual
+letters since that period, and I have never seen this great and good man
+again."
+
+In the Recollections of Wordsworth we find related the affront which led
+to Hogg's caricature of Wordsworth's style, an offence which shut out
+the Shepherd from the society of the amiable poet of the Lakes.
+
+"This anecdote has been told and told again, but never truly; and was
+likewise brought forward in the 'Noctes Ambrosianć,' as a joke; but it
+was no joke; and the plain, simple truth of the matter was thus:--
+
+It chanced one night, when I was there, that there was a resplendent
+arch across the zenith from the one horizon to the other, of something
+like the aurora borealis, but much brighter. It was a scene that is well
+remembered, for it struck the country with admiration, as such a
+phenomenon had never before been witnessed in such perfection; and, as
+far as I could learn, it had been more brilliant over the mountains and
+pure waters of Westmoreland than any where else. Well, when word came
+into the room of the splendid meteor, we all went out to view it; and,
+on the beautiful platform at Mount Ryedale we were all walking, in twos
+and threes, arm-in-arm, talking of the phenomenon, and admiring it. Now,
+be it remembered, that Wordsworth, Professor Wilson, Lloyd, De Quincey,
+and myself, were present, besides several other literary gentlemen,
+whose names I am not certain that I remember aright. Miss Wordsworth's
+arm was in mine, and she was expressing some fears that the splendid
+stranger might prove ominous, when I, by ill luck, blundered out the
+following remark, thinking that I was saying a good thing:--'Hout,
+me'em! it is neither mair nor less than joost a treeumphal airch, raised
+in honour of the meeting of the poets.' 'That's not amiss.--Eh?
+Eh?--that's very good,' said the Professor, laughing. But Wordsworth,
+who had De Quincey's arm, gave a grunt, and turned on his heel, and
+leading the little opium-chewer aside, he addressed him in these
+disdainful and venomous words:--'Poets? Poets?--What does the fellow
+mean?--Where are they?' Who could forgive this? For my part, I never
+can, and never will! I admire Wordsworth; as who does not, whatever they
+may pretend? but for that short sentence I have a lingering ill-will at
+him which I cannot get rid of. It is surely presumption in any man to
+circumscribe all human excellence within the narrow sphere of his own
+capacity. The '_Where are they?_' was too bad! I have always some hopes
+that De Quincey was _leeing_, for I did not myself hear Wordsworth utter
+the words."
+
+Appended to this anecdote is a characteristic observation on the poetry
+of Wordsworth.
+
+"It relates to the richness of his works for quotations. For these they
+are a mine that is altogether inexhaustible. There is nothing in nature
+that you may not get a quotation out of Wordsworth to suit, and a
+quotation too that breathes the very soul of poetry. There are only
+three books in the world that are worth the opening in search of mottos
+and quotations, and all of them are alike rich. These are, the Old
+Testament, Shakspeare, and the poetical works of Wordsworth, and,
+strange to say, the 'Excursion' abounds most in them."
+
+We chanced to fall upon the Shepherd's allusion to the liberties taken
+with his name in _Blackwood's Magazine_, which work owes its
+establishment and much of its early success to Mr. Hogg's co-operation.
+We believe it to be pretty well known that the offensive language
+attributed to the Shepherd in the "Noctes" has no more to do with Mr.
+Hogg than by attempting to imitate his conversational style. This
+impropriety, which is beyond a literary joke, was reprobated some months
+since by the _Quarterly Review_, but here the offending parties are
+properly visited with a burst of honest indignation which may not pass
+unheeded. Mr. Hogg says
+
+
+    "For my part, after twenty years of feelings hardly suppressed, he
+    has driven me beyond the bounds of human patience. That Magazine of
+    his, which owes its rise principally to myself, has often put words
+    and sentiments into my mouth of which I have been greatly ashamed,
+    and which have given much pain to my family and relations, and many
+    of those after a solemn written promise that such freedoms should
+    never be repeated. I have been often urged to restrain and humble
+    him by legal measures as an incorrigible offender deserves. I know I
+    have it in my power, and if he dares me to the task, I want but a
+    hair to make a tether of."
+
+
+The Shepherd appears to have written since 1813, fifteen volumes of
+poetry and as many volumes of prose, besides his contributions to
+periodical works; and, what is not the less extraordinary he was forty
+years of age before he wrote his first poem.
+
+The Tales in the present volume are the Adventures of Captain Lochy, the
+Pongos, and Marion's Jock.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+
+_Marriage Tree_.--A marriage tree, generally of the pine kind, is
+planted in the churchyard, by every new-married couple, in the parish of
+Varallo Pombio, in the Tyrol. A fine grove of pines, the result of this
+custom, now shades this churchyard.
+
+W.G.C.
+
+
+_Slippery Love_.--Thevenard was the first singer of his time, at Paris,
+in the operas of Lulli. He was more than sixty years old when, seeing a
+beautiful _female slipper_ in a shoemaker's shop, he fell violently in
+love, unsight, unseen, with the person for whom it was made; and having
+discovered the lady, married her. He died at Paris in 1741, at the age
+of 72.
+
+P.T.W.
+
+
+Character of England.
+
+Anglia, 1 Mons, 2 Pons, 3 Fons, 4 Ecclesia, 5 Faemina, 6 Lana.
+
+(That is to say:)
+
+For 1, Mountains; 2, Bridges; 3, Rivers; 4, Churches faire; 5, Women;
+and 6, Wool, England is past compare.
+
+G.K.
+
+
+_On our Lady Church in Salisbury_.
+
+
+  How many dayes in one whole year there be,
+  So many windows in one church we see,
+  So many marble pillars there appear,
+  As there are hours throughout the fleeting year.
+  So many gates, as moons one year do view,
+  Strange tale to tell, yet not so strange as true.
+
+G.K.
+
+
+_Astronomical Toasts_.--Lord Chesterfield dined one day with the French
+and Spanish ambassadors. After dinner, toasts were proposed. The Spanish
+ambassador proposed the King of Spain under the title of the Sun. The
+French ambassador gave his king as the Moon. Lord C. then arose, "Your
+excellencies," said he, "have taken the two greatest luminaries, and the
+Stars are too small for a comparison with my royal master. I therefore
+beg to give your excellencies, Joshua."
+
+
+_Talleyrand._--(The following _bon mot_ is worthy of extract from the
+_Literary Gazette_, and smacks of the raciest days of the noble
+utterer.) M. Talleyrand was enjoying his rubber, when the conversation
+turned on the recent union of an elderly lady of respectable rank.
+"However could Madame de S------ make such a match? a person of her
+birth to marry a valet-de-chambre!" "Ah," replied Talleyrand, "it was
+late in the game; at nine we don't reckon honours."
+
+
+_Remarkable Circumstance._--William Coghan, who was at Oxford in the
+year 1575, when the sweating sickness raged at that place, and who has
+given a brief account of its ravages, says, "It began on the sixth day
+of July, from which day to the twelfth day of August next ensuing, there
+died five hundred and ten persons, all men and no women."
+
+P.T.W.
+
+
+_A Loyalist._--The Earl of St. Alban's was, like many other staunch
+loyalists, little remembered by Charles II. He was, however, an
+attendant at court, and one of his majesty's companions in his gay
+hours. On one such occasion, a stranger came with an importunate suit,
+for an office of great value, just vacant. The king, by way of joke,
+comsired the earl to personate him, and demanded the petitioner to be
+admitted. The gentleman addressing himself to the supposed monarch,
+enumerated his services to the royal family, and hoped the grant of the
+place would not be deemed too great a reward. "By no means," answered
+the earl, "and I am only sorry that as soon as I heard of the vacancy, I
+conferred it on my faithful friend, the Earl of St. Alban's," pointing
+to the king, "who constantly followed the fortunes, both of my father
+and myself, and has hitherto gone unrewarded." Charles granted, for this
+joke, what the utmost real services looked for in vain.
+
+T. GILL.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset
+House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic;
+G.G. BENNIS, 55. Run Neuve, St. Augustin, Paris; and by all Newsmen
+and Booksellers._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
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+  <title>The Mirror of Literature, Issue 543.</title>
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume 19, No. 543, Saturday, April 21, 1832.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 14, 2004 [EBook #11567]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Joshua Hutchinson and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+ <hr class="full" />
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page241" name="page241"></a>[pg 241]</span>
+
+  <h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+  OF<br />
+  LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <table width="100%" summary="Volume, Number, and Date">
+    <tr>
+      <td align="left"><b>VOL. XIX NO. 543.]</b></td>
+      <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, APRIL 21, 1832.</b></td>
+      <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"><a href="images/543-1.png">
+<img width="100%" src="images/543-1.png" alt="Melrose Abbey" /></a>
+</div>
+<h3>MELROSE ABBEY</h3>
+
+<hr />
+
+<center>(<i>From a finished sketch, by a Correspondent.</i>)</center>
+
+<p>These venerable ruins stand upon the southern bank of the Tweed, in
+Roxburghshire. The domestic buildings of the monastery are entirely
+gone; but the remains of the church connected with, as seen in the above
+Engraving, are described by Mr. Chambers<a id="footnotetag1"
+name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> as "the
+finest specimen of Gothic architecture and Gothic sculpture of which
+this country (Scotland) can boast. By singular good fortune, Melrose is
+also one of the most entire, as it is the most beautiful, of all the
+ecclesiastical ruins scattered throughout this reformed land. To say
+that it is beautiful, is to say nothing. It is
+exquisitely&mdash;splendidly lovely. It is an object of infinite grace
+and immeasurable charm; it is fine in its general aspect and in its
+minutest details; it is a study&mdash;a glory." We confess ourselves
+delighted with Mr. Chambers's well-directed enthusiasm.</p>
+
+<p>A page of interesting facts towards
+the history of the Abbey will be found
+appended to the "Recollections" of a
+recent visit by one of our esteemed Correspondents,
+in <i>The Mirror</i>, vol. x.,
+p. 445. In the present view, the ornate
+Gothic style of the building is seen to
+advantage, but more especially the richness
+of the windows, and the niches
+above them: the latter, from drawings
+made "early in the reign of King William,"
+were originally filled with statues;
+and, connected with the destruction of
+some of them, Mr. Chambers relates the
+following anecdote "told by the person
+who shows Melrose:"</p>
+
+<p>"On the eastern window of the
+church, there were formerly thirteen
+effigies, supposed to represent our Saviour
+and his apostles. These, harmless
+and beautiful as they were, happened to
+provoke the wrath of a praying weaver
+in Gattonside, who, in a moment of inspired
+zeal, went up one night by means
+of a ladder, and with a hammer and
+chisel, knocked off the heads and limbs
+of the figures. Next morning he made
+no scruple to publish the transaction,
+observing, with a great deal of exultation,
+to every person whom he met, that he
+had 'fairly stumpet thae vile paipist
+dirt <i>nou!</i>' The people sometimes catch
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page242" id="page242"></a>[pg 242]</span>
+up a remarkable word when uttered on
+a remarkable occasion by one of their
+number, and turn the utterer into ridicule,
+by attaching it to him as a nickname;
+and it is some consolation to
+think that this monster was therefore
+treated with the sobriquet of 'Stumpie,'
+and of course carried it about with him
+to his grave."</p>
+
+<p>The exquisite beauty and elaborate
+ornament of Melrose can, according to
+the entertaining work already quoted,
+be told only in a volume of prose; but,
+as compression is the spirit of true
+poetry, we quote the following descriptive
+lines:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>If thou would'st view fair Melrose aright,</p>
+<p>Go visit it by the pale moonlight;</p>
+<p>For the gay beams of lightsome day</p>
+<p>Gild but to flout the ruins gray.</p>
+<p>When the broken arches are dark in night,</p>
+<p>And each shafted oriel glimmers white;</p>
+<p>When the cold light's uncertain shower</p>
+<p>Streams on the ruin'd central tower;</p>
+<p>When buttress and buttress, alternately,</p>
+<p>Seem framed of ebon and ivory;</p>
+<p>Wnen silver edges the imagery,</p>
+<p>And the scrolls that teach thee to live and die;</p>
+<p>When distant Tweed is heard to rave,</p>
+<p>And the howlet to hoot o'er the dead man's grave,</p>
+<p>Then go&mdash;but go alone the while&mdash;</p>
+<p>Then view St. David's<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> ruined pile;</p>
+<p>And, home returning, soothly swear,</p>
+<p>Was never scene so sad and fair.</p>
+<hr class="short" />
+<p>By a steel-clench'd postern door,</p>
+<p class="i2">They enter'd now the chancel tall;</p>
+<p>The darken'd roof rose high aloof</p>
+<p class="i2">On pillars, lofty, light, and small;</p>
+<p>The key-stone, that lock'd each ribbed aisle,</p>
+<p>Was a fleur-de-lys or a quatre-feuille;</p>
+<p>The corbells<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> were carved grotesque and grim;</p>
+<p>And the pillars, with cluster'd shafts so trim,</p>
+<p>With base and capital furnish'd around,</p>
+<p>Seem'd bundles of lances which garlands had bound.</p>
+<hr class="short" />
+<p>The moon on the east oriel shone,</p>
+<p>Through slender shafts of shapely stone,</p>
+<p class="i2">By foliated tracery combined;</p>
+<p>Thou would'st have thought some fairy's hand</p>
+<p>'Twixt poplars straight the osier wand</p>
+<p class="i2">In many a freakish knot had twined;</p>
+<p>Then framed a spell, when the work was done,</p>
+<p>And changed the willow-wreaths to stone.<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a></p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>The monks of Melrose were caricatured
+for their sensuality at the Reformation.
+Their Abbey suffered in consequence;
+for the condemnator, out of
+the ruins, built himself a house, which
+may still be seen near the church. "The
+regality," says Mr. Chambers, "soon
+after passed into the hands of Lord Binning,
+an eminent lawyer, ancestor to the
+Earl of Haddington; and about a century
+ago, the whole became the property
+of the Buccleuch family."</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>LACONICS.</h3>
+
+<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4>
+
+<p>The most important advantages we
+enjoy, and the greatest discoveries that
+science can boast, have proceeded from
+men who have either seen little of the
+world, or have secluded themselves entirely
+for the purposes of study. Not
+only those arts which are exclusively the
+result of calculation, such as navigation,
+mechanism, and others, but even agriculture,
+may be said to derive its improvement,
+if not its origin, from the same
+source.</p>
+
+<p>Where a cause is good, an appeal
+should be directed to the heart rather
+than the head: the application comes
+more home, and reaches more forcibly,
+where it is the most necessary&mdash;the natural
+rather than the improved faculties
+of the human understanding.</p>
+
+<p>Common sense is looked upon as a
+vulgar quality, but nevertheless it is the
+only talisman to conduct us prosperously
+through the world. The man of refined
+sense has been compared to one who
+carries about with him nothing but gold,
+when he may be every moment in want
+of smaller change.</p>
+
+<p>The grand cause of failure in most
+undertakings is the want of unanimity.
+This, however, we find is not wanting
+where actual danger, as well as possible
+advantage may accrue to the parties concerned.
+It is whimsical enough that
+thieves and other ruffians, while they bid
+open defiance to the laws, both of God
+and man, pay implicit obedience to their
+own.</p>
+
+<p>Aristotle laid it down as a maxim
+"that all inquiry should begin with
+doubt." Whenever, then, we meet with
+mysteries beyond our feeble comprehension,
+would it not be more rational to
+doubt the very faculty we are employing&mdash;the
+capacity of our reason itself.</p>
+
+<p>The most politic, because the most
+effectual way of governing in a family, is
+for the husband occasionally to lay aside
+his supremacy; so in public, as well as
+private life, that king will be most popular
+who does not at all times exercise
+his full prerogative.</p>
+
+<p>It would appear that there is a great
+sympathy between the mind of man and
+falsehood: when we have a truth to tell,
+it takes better, if conveyed in a fable;
+and the rage for novels shows, that we
+may not only divert extremely without
+a syllable of truth, but truth is even compelled
+to borrow the habit of falsehood
+to secure itself an agreeable reception.</p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page243" id="page243"></a>[pg 243]</span>
+
+<p>In our intercourse with others, we
+should endeavour to turn the conversation
+towards those subjects with which
+our companions are professionally acquainted:
+thus we shall agreeably please
+as well as innocently flatter in affording
+them the opportunity to shine; while
+we should acquire that knowledge which
+we could no where else obtain so well.</p>
+
+<p>What an extraordinary method of reducing
+oneself to beggary is gambling!
+The man who has but little money in
+the world, and knows not how to procure
+more without risking his life and
+character, must needs put it in the power
+of fortune to take away what he has.
+Put the case in the opposite light, it is
+just as absurd: the man who has money
+to spare, must needs make the experiment
+whether it may not become the
+property of another.</p>
+
+<p>It is a mistake to suppose a great
+mind inattentive to trifles: its capacity
+and comprehension enable it to embrace
+every thing.</p>
+
+<p>The failing of vanity extends throughout
+all classes: the poor have but little
+time to bestow on their persons, and yet
+in the selection of their clothes we find
+they prefer such as are of a flaring and
+gaudy colour.</p>
+
+<p>Philosophy has not so much enabled
+men to overcome their weaknesses, as it
+has taught the art of concealing them
+from the world.</p>
+
+<p>That a little learning is dangerous is
+one of our surest maxims. If knowledge
+does not produce the effect of ameliorating
+our imperfect condition, it were,
+without question, better let alone altogether;
+it is not to be made merely an
+appendix to the mind, but must be incorporated
+and identified with it.</p>
+
+<p>They who have experienced sorrow
+are the most capable of appreciating joy;
+so, those only who have been sick, feel
+the full value of health.</p>
+
+<p>By the expression "common people,"
+is meant the man of rank as well as the
+more industrious peasant; for in our
+estimate of men, the mind, and not the
+eye, is the most proper judge.</p>
+
+<p>Some men are, of course, more original
+thinkers than others, but all, without
+exception, who hope to appear in print
+with any effect, must first be readers
+themselves. It was said by Dr. Johnson,
+that more than half an author's time was
+occupied in reading what others had
+said concerning the subject he was himself
+writing upon.</p>
+
+<p>Every man, in his more serious moments,
+must confess that he has done
+few things in the course of his life he
+would not wish undone; and experience
+must have shown him that the things he
+most feared would have been better ihan
+those he most prayed for.</p>
+
+<p>Vanity is our dearest weakness, in
+more senses than one: a man will sacrifice
+every thing, and starve out all his
+other inclinations to keep alive that one.</p>
+
+<p>The man who trusts entirely to nature
+when he is sick, runs a great risk; but
+he who puts himself in the hands of a
+physician runs a still greater: of the
+two, nature would seem the better nurse,
+for she will, at all events, act honestly,
+and can have no possible interest in tampering
+with disease.</p>
+
+<p>A great idea may be thus defined:&mdash;it
+gives us the perception of many others,
+and it discovers to us all at once what
+we could only have arrived at by a course
+of reading or inquiry.</p>
+
+<p>We are told to place no faith in appearances,
+yet it will be found a wiser
+course to judge from the human countenance
+rather than the human voice:
+most men place a guard over their words
+and their actions, but very few can blind
+the expression that is conveyed by the
+features.</p>
+
+<p>To assist our fellow-creatures is the
+noblest privilege of mortality: it is, in
+some sort, forestalling the bounty of Providence.</p>
+
+<p>There is no doubt that memory, although
+it may be cultivated, is originally
+a gift of nature; so, also, application
+must be regarded as a natural endowment;
+for there are some men, however
+well disposed, who can never bring themselves
+to grapple closely with any thing.</p>
+
+<p>It has been suggested that man has
+no real necessity for clothing. All other
+creatures are furnished with every necessary
+for their existence, and it is improbable
+one nobler than them all should
+be left in a defective condition: there
+are some nations, in severer climates
+than ours, who have no notion of clothing;
+and, even in civilized life, the most
+tender parts of the body are constantly
+exposed, as the face, neck, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>It is the temper of a blade that must
+be the proof of a good sword, and not
+the gilding of the hilt or the richness of
+the scabbard; so it is not his grandeur
+and possessions that make a man considerable,
+but his intrinsic merit.</p>
+
+<p class="author">F.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page244" id="page244"></a>[pg 244]</span>
+
+<h3>THE KNIGHT'S RETURN.</h3>
+
+<center>FROM THE GERMAN.</center>
+
+<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"Page, what sound mine ears is greeting,</p>
+<p class="i2">Whence the lime-trees wave in pride?"</p>
+<p>"'Tis, sir knight, the herds that bleating,</p>
+<p class="i2">Wander o'er the mountain's side."</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>"Say, my page, what means this singing?</p>
+<p class="i2">Notes so sad, some ill betide;"</p>
+<p>"In the village, crowds are bringing</p>
+<p class="i2">From the chapel, home a bride."</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>"Say then, why so slowly passes</p>
+<p class="i2">Yon dark-rob'd and silent train?"</p>
+<p>"From the saying bridal-masses,</p>
+<p class="i2">Monks are coming o'er the plain."</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>"Speak then, why I now behold it;</p>
+<p class="i2">Whence yon banner's milk-white hue?"</p>
+<p>"Ask no further, they unfold it</p>
+<p class="i2">To the bride an honour due."</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>"Say, my page, what means that writing</p>
+<p class="i2">Graven on yon marble-stone?"</p>
+<p>"'Tis the youth and maiden plighting</p>
+<p class="i2">Love to one, and one alone."</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>"How, my page, that name the dearest?</p>
+<p class="i2">See, and true its meaning tell."</p>
+<p>"Know, and tremble as thou hearest,</p>
+<p class="i2">"'Twas for secret love she fell."</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p>"What! my page, if thus 'tis written,</p>
+<p class="i2">If for love she dar'd to die,</p>
+<p>Bertha dead! if thus 'tis written,</p>
+<p class="i2">As she perish'd, so will <i>I</i>."</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p class="author">H.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>SCOTCH ECONOMY.</h3>
+
+<h4>(<i>To the Editor.</i>)</h4>
+
+<p>The amusing letter of <i>S.S</i>. in No.
+536, of <i>The Mirror</i>, has but so very recently
+met my eyes, that I have been
+obliged unavoidably to allow some weeks
+to elapse ere I noticed it. Indeed, to
+advert to it at all, I should not have
+considered necessary, but that your
+correspondent seems to imply a doubt
+as to the accuracy of my assertion, in
+the article "Shavings," (vide No. 533,
+p. 83.) Permit me, for the satisfaction
+of your readers to state, that I was no
+"flying tourist," when the fact of a
+very considerable waste of fuel in Edinburgh,
+(fuel which would, I thought,
+sell in England, if not wanted in Scotland,)
+came repeatedly, I may say, almost
+daily, under my own personal observation.
+A residence of two years in
+Edinburgh (yes, it certainly was "the
+Scottish capital," for I had previously
+resided during a longer period in the
+Irish one,) enabled me to state what I
+then beheld, with a scrutiny which certainly
+would not have been warranted
+by a mere casual visit of two days, two
+weeks, or two months; that the circumstance
+should have irritated <i>S.S</i>. I cannot
+consider any fault of mine; my
+statement was correct. The possibility
+of Irish labourers being employed to
+build in Scotland, as they are very generally
+in England, does not seem to
+have occurred to your correspondent; I
+confess it did to me, but considered, to
+mention it in my trifling "Domestic
+Hint," quite unnecessary, since, had
+their wastefulness been hitherto unknown
+to their employers, it might
+henceforth, if they pleased "to take a
+hint," be by them materially checked.
+In days when the complaint of poverty
+is universal, when the working classes
+find it difficult to carry on any employment
+which shall bring them bread, and
+when thousands wander over the united
+kingdom with no apparent means of
+subsistence, I did not imagine that a
+"Hint," as to a possible source of emolument
+(were it confined but to half a
+dozen individuals) to the poor, would be
+considered a meet subject for ridicule.
+I said, or intended to say, if shavings
+and loose chippings of wood are of little
+value for fuel in Scotland, they are acceptable
+in England; and why, if the
+proprietors of new houses choose during
+their erection, to save the fuel they
+produce, and of which I repeat I have
+seen vast quantities burnt, and bestow it
+as a charity on such persons as might
+think it worth acceptance for sale,
+"over the Border;" why they should
+not do so, I have yet to learn.<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a> However,
+waiving this scheme, which <i>S.S.</i>
+may be inclined to think rather Utopian,
+and conceding, that if Scotland needs
+not for fuel, her refuse chips and shavings,
+they would not answer in that
+light as a marketable commodity in the
+sister country, still wood and wood-ashes
+have become of late years, agents
+so valuable and important in chemistry,
+and other sciences and arts, as to furnish
+another, and all-sufficient reason
+why no reckless destruction should be
+allowed of an article, every species of
+which may be rendered, under some
+modification, of utility.</p>
+
+<p>Respecting the well preserved eggs of
+Scotland; though <i>S.S.</i> is probably aware
+of the circumstance, yet some of your
+readers may not be, their sale in England
+(and indeed I have understood
+America) brings her in no inconsiderable
+profit. In this country they arrive,
+and I have my account from an eye-witness,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page245" id="page245"></a>[pg 245]</span>
+in large deal boxes, most curiously
+packed, relying solely on each
+other for support; since, set up perpendicularly
+on their ends, with no
+straw, heather, saw-dust, or any other
+material to fill the interstices between
+them, the fate of every box of this fragile
+ware depends, during its journey
+and unlading, on the safety or fracture
+of a single egg; but such is the nicety
+and compactness of their packing, that
+rarely, if ever, an accident occurs.</p>
+
+<p class="author">M.L.B.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>PRICE OF TEA.</h3>
+
+<h4>(<i>To the Editor</i>.)</h4>
+
+<p>As I have been a subscriber to <i>The
+Mirror</i> from its commencement, and
+very frequently refer to its pages with
+much pleasure and profit, I hope I may
+be allowed to correct a statement made
+in No. 541, p. 222, under the article
+<i>Tea</i>. It is said that the profit of one
+pound to sell at 7<i>s</i>. is 2<i>s</i>. 2<i>d</i>.</p>
+
+<pre>
+                     s. d.
+  Thus, cost price   2  5
+  Duty               2  5
+  Profit             2  2
+                     ----
+                     7  0
+</pre>
+
+<p>In all retail houses of any respectability
+in the Tea trade, I am sure that
+Tea costing 2<i>s</i>. 5<i>d</i>. at the sale is never
+sold above 6<i>s</i>. per lb. and in five out of
+six shops of the above description 5<i>s</i>. 4<i>d</i>.
+and 5<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. is the utmost price demanded
+for such Tea. I and my family have
+been in the trade, in one house, considerably
+more than half a century, and I
+can assure you, that from 6<i>d</i>. to 8<i>d</i>.
+per lb. is the present retail profit
+upon Tea sold at the East India Company's
+sales, under 3<i>s</i>. per lb.</p>
+
+<p class="author">S.</p>
+
+<p>In reply to this note, the authenticity
+of which we do not question, we
+can only refer the writer to our distinct
+quotation from "the evidence of Mr.
+Mills, a Tea Broker, before the House
+of Lords.' In our 15th volume, No.
+414, p. 104, the proportion of profit is
+differently stated from an article in the
+<i>Quarterly Review</i>. A pound of 11<i>s</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="author">Hyson</p>
+
+<pre>
+                                     s. d.
+  Costs at the Company's Sale        4  4
+  King's Duty                        4  4
+                                     ----
+                                     8  8
+  Retailer's profit, brokerage, &amp;c.  2  4
+                                    -----
+                                    11  0
+</pre>
+
+<p>We have often received from one of
+the most extensively dealing retail Tea-dealers
+in the metropolis, an assurance,
+similar to that of our correspondent, <i>S</i>.
+so that we do not require the substantiation
+he proffers.&mdash;<i>Ed. M</i>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>The Naturalist.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>GLEANINGS IN NATURAL HISTORY.</h3>
+
+<p>Observers of Nature seem to be just
+now appreciating the observation of the
+benevolent <i>Gilbert White</i>, of Selborne,
+who lived and died in the last century:
+"that if stationary men would pay some
+attention to the districts on which they
+reside, and would publish their thoughts
+respecting the objects that surround
+them, from such materials might be
+drawn the most complete county histories."
+Accordingly, a little system of
+rural philosophy has been founded upon
+the best of all bases, home-observation,
+and such books as have resulted from
+these labours, promise to make the
+study of Nature more popular than will
+all the Zoological, Botanical, and Geological
+Societies of Europe. Among these
+works we include the cheap reprint of
+the <i>Natural History of Selborne</i>; Mr.
+Rennie's delightful observations which
+are scattered through the Zoological
+volumes of the <i>Library of Entertaining
+Knowledge</i>; but more especially the
+<i>Journal of a Naturalist</i>, published by
+Mr. Leonard Knapp, about three years
+since, and stated by the author to have
+originated in his admiration of Mr.
+White's <i>Selborne</i>. The volume before
+us is the result of a congenial feeling,
+and is written by Edward Jesse, Esq.,
+deputy surveyor of his majesty's parks,
+by means of which appointment he must
+have possessed peculiar opportunities
+and facilities of observation, as is evident
+in the local recollections throughout
+his volume. Thus, we find miscellaneous
+particulars of the Royal Parks
+and Forests, and from the writer's residence
+on the bank of the Thames, (we
+conclude, near Bushy Park,) a few
+Maxims for an Angler. The whole is
+a very charming <i>melange</i>, with a most
+discursive arrangement, it is true, but
+never falling into dulness, or tiring the
+reader with too minute detail. We intend,
+therefore, to range through the
+volume, and gather a few of its most
+interesting gleanings to our garner.</p>
+
+<p>Our author thinks he has discovered
+the use for the remarkable and, indeed,
+what appears disproportionate length,
+of the</p>
+
+<h3>Claws of the Skylark.</h3>
+
+<p>"That they were not intended to enable
+the bird to search the earth for
+food, or to fix itself more securely on
+the branches of trees, is evident, as
+they neither scratch the ground nor
+roost on trees. The lark makes its
+nest generally in grass fields, where it
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page246" id="page246"></a>[pg 246]</span>
+is liable to be injured either by cattle
+grazing over it, or by the mower. In
+case of alarm from either these or other
+causes, the parent birds remove their
+eggs, by means of their long claws, to
+a place of greater security; and this
+transportation I have observed to be effected
+in a very short space of time. By
+placing a lark's egg, which is rather
+large in proportion to the size of the
+bird, in the foot, and then drawing the
+claws over it, you will perceive that
+they are of sufficient length to secure
+the egg firmly, and by this means the
+bird is enabled to convey its eggs to
+another place, where she can sit upon
+and hatch them. When one of my
+mowers first told me that he had observed
+the fact, I was somewhat disinclined
+to credit it; but I have since ascertained
+it beyond a doubt, and now mention it
+as another strong proof of that order
+in the economy of Nature, by means of
+which this affectionate bird is enabled
+to secure its forthcoming offspring. I
+call it affectionate, because few birds
+show a stronger attachment to their
+young."</p>
+
+<h3>Instinct allied to reason.</h3>
+
+<p>Several interesting anecdotes are quoted
+to show that there is something more
+than mere instinct, which influences the
+conduct of some animals. Bees and
+spiders afford many traits, but we quote
+the elephant and parrot:</p>
+
+<p>"I was one day feeding the poor
+elephant (who was so barbarously put
+to death at Exeter 'Change) with potatoes,
+which he took out of my hand.
+One of them, a round one, fell on the
+floor, just out of the reach of his proboscis.
+He leaned against his wooden
+bar, put out his trunk, and could just
+touch the potato, but could not pick it
+up. After several ineffectual efforts, he
+at last <i>blew</i> the potato against the opposite
+wall with sufficient force to make it
+rebound, and he then, without difficulty,
+secured it.  Now it is quite clear, I
+think, that instinct never taught the
+elephant to procure his food in this manner;
+and it must, therefore, have been
+reason, or some intellectual faculty,
+which enabled him to be so good a judge
+of cause and effect.  Indeed, the <i>reflecting</i>
+power of some animals is quite
+extraordinary. I had a dog who was
+much attached to me, and who, in consequence
+of his having been tied up on
+a Sunday morning, to prevent his accompanying
+me to church, would conceal
+himself in good time on that day,
+and I was sure to find him either at the
+entrance of the church, or if he could
+get in, under the place where I usually
+sat.</p>
+
+<p>"I have been often much delighted
+with watching the manner in which
+some of the old bucks in Bushy Park
+contrive to get the berries from the fine
+thorn-trees there. They will raise
+themselves on their hind legs, give a
+spring, entangle their horns in the lower
+branches of the tree, give them one or
+two shakes, which make some of the
+berries full, and they will then quietly
+pick them up.</p>
+
+<p>"A strong proof of intellect was
+given in the case of Colonel O'Kelly's
+parrot. When the colonel and his parrot
+were at Brighton, the bird was
+asked to sing; he answered 'I can't,'
+Another time he left off in the middle
+of a tune, and said, 'I have forgot.'
+Colonel O'Kelly continued the tune for
+a few notes; the parrot took it up
+where the Colonel had left off. The
+parrot took up the bottom of a lady's
+petticoat, and said 'What a pretty foot!'
+The parrot seeing the family at breakfast
+said, 'Won't you give some breakfast
+to Poll?' The company teazed
+and mopped him a good deal; he said
+'I don't like it.'&mdash;(From a Memorandum
+found amongst the late Earl of Guildford's
+Papers.)"</p>
+
+<h3>Eels.</h3>
+
+<p>Several pages are devoted to the
+economy of these curious creatures, and
+as many points of their history are
+warmly contested, Mr. Jesse's experience
+is valuable.</p>
+
+<p>"That they do wander<a id="footnotetag6" name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a> from one
+place to another is evident, as I am assured
+that they have been found in ponds
+in Richmond Park, which had been previously
+cleaned out and mudded, and
+into which no water could run except
+from the springs which supplied it.<a id="footnotetag7" name="footnotetag7"></a><a href="#footnote7"><sup>7</sup></a>
+An annual migration of young eels takes
+place in the River Thames in the month
+of May, and they have generally made
+their appearance at Kingston, in their
+way upwards, about the second week in
+that month, and accident has so determined
+it, that, for several years together
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page247" id="page247"></a>[pg 247]</span>
+it was remarked that the 10th of May
+was the day of what the fishermen call
+eel-fair; but they have been more irregular
+in their proceedings since the
+interruption of the lock at Teddington.
+These young eels are about two inches
+in length, and they make their approach
+in one regular and undeviating column
+of about five inches in breadth, and as
+thick together as it is possible for them
+to be. As the procession generally
+lasts two or three days, and as they appear
+to move at the rate of nearly two
+miles and a half an hour, some idea may
+be formed of their enormous number.</p>
+
+<p>"Eels feed on almost all animal substances,
+whether dead or living. It is
+well known that they devour the young
+of all water-fowl that are not too large
+for them. Mr. Bingley states, that he
+saw exposed for sale at Retford, in Nottinghamshire,
+a quantity of eels that
+would have filled a couple of wheelbarrows,
+the whole of which had been
+taken out of the body of a dead horse,
+thrown into a ditch near one of the adjacent
+villages; and a friend of mine
+saw the body of a man taken out of the
+Serpentine River in Hyde Park, where
+it had been some time, and from which
+a large eel crawled out. The winter
+retreat of eels is very curious. They
+not only get deep into the mud, but in
+Bushy Park, where the mud in the ponds
+is not very deep, and what there is, is of
+a sandy nature, the eels make their way
+under the banks of the ponds, and have
+been found knotted together in a large
+mass. Eels vary much in size in different
+waters. The largest I ever caught
+was in Richmond Park, and it weighed
+five pounds, but some are stated to have
+been caught in Ireland which weighed
+from fifteen to twenty pounds. Seven
+pounds is, I believe, no unusual size.
+The large ones are extremely strong and
+muscular. Fishing one day at Pain's
+Hill, near Cobham, in Surrey, I hooked
+an eel amongst some weeds, but before
+I could land him, he had so twisted a new
+strong double wire, to which the hook
+was fixed, that he broke it and made his
+escape."</p>
+
+<p>Sir Humphry Davy's opinions respecting
+eels are quoted from his <i>Salmonia</i>:<a id="footnotetag8" name="footnotetag8"></a><a href="#footnote8"><sup>8</sup></a>
+Mr. Jesse adds:</p>
+
+<p>"It is with considerable diffidence
+that one would venture to differ in opinion
+with Sir Humphry Davy, but I cannot
+help remarking, that, as eels are
+now known to migrate <i>from</i> fresh water,
+as was shown in the case of the Richmond
+Park ponds, this restless propensity
+may arise from their impatience of
+the greater degree of warmth in those
+ponds in the month of May, and not
+from their wish to get into water still
+warmer, as suggested by Sir Humphry
+Davy. Very large eels are certainly
+found in rivers, the Thames and Mole
+for instance, where I have seen them so
+that they must either have remained in
+them, or have returned from the sea,
+which Sir H. Davy thinks they never
+do, though I should add, that the circumstance
+already related of so many
+large eels being seen dead or dying
+during a hot summer, near the Nore,
+would appear to confirm his assertion.
+If eels are oviparous, as Sir Humphry
+Davy thinks they are, would not the
+ova have been found, especially in the
+conger,&mdash;many of which are taken and
+brought to our markets, frequently of a
+very large size? It does not appear,
+however, that any of the fringes along
+the air-bladder have ever arrived at such
+a size and appearance as to have justified
+any one in the supposition that they
+were ovaria, though, as has been stated,
+distinguished naturalists, from the time
+of Aristotle to the present moment, have
+been endeavouring to ascertain this fact.
+Since the above was written, I have
+been shown ova in the lamprey, and
+what appeared to have been melt taken
+from a conger eel, at a fishmonger's in
+Bond-street. These specimens were
+preserved by Mr. Yarrell, of Little
+Ryder-street, St. James's, who had the
+kindness to open two eels, sent to him
+from Scotland, in my presence, and in
+which the fringes were very perceptible,
+though they were without any ova.
+That ingenious and indefatigable naturalist
+is, however, of opinion that eels
+are oviparous, though he failed in producing
+proof that the common eels were so.</p>
+
+<p>"In further proof, however, of eels
+being viviparous, it may be added (if the
+argument of analogy applies in this
+case), that the animalculć of paste eels
+are decidedly viviparous. Mr. Bingley
+also, in his animal biography, says that
+eels are viviparous. Blumenbach says,
+too, that 'according to the most correct
+observations they are certainly viviparous.'
+He adds also, that, the eel is
+so tenacious of life, that its heart, when
+removed from the body, retains its irritability
+for forty hours afterwards."</p>
+
+<p>We are not inclined to attach very
+considerable importance to Mr. Bingley's
+experience, much as we admire his
+entertaining <i>Animal Biography</i>: we
+believe him to be classed among book-naturalists,
+and he wrote this work many
+years since.</p>
+
+<p>(<i>To be continued</i>.)</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page248" id="page248"></a>[pg 248]</span>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width:100%;"><a href="images/543-2.png"><img width="100%" src="images/543-2.png" alt="Queen Anne's Spring, near Eton." /></a>
+</div><h3>QUEEN ANNE'S SPRING, NEAR ETON.</h3>
+
+<center>(<i>From a Correspondent</i>.)</center>
+
+<p>The accompanying sketch represents a
+sequestered spot of sylvan shade whence
+rises a Spring which tradition designates
+Queen Anne's. Here the limpid crystal
+flows in gentle, yet ceaseless streams,
+conveying "Health to the sick and
+solace to the swain."</p>
+
+<p>It has some claims to antiquity; and
+its merits have been appreciated by royalty.
+Queen Anne was the first august
+personage who had recourse to it; in
+later times, Queen Charlotte for many
+years had the pure element conveyed to
+her royal abode at Windsor, and in
+1785, a stone, with a cipher and date,
+was placed there by her illustrious consort,
+George III. This spring is situate
+at Chalvey, (a village between Eton and
+Salt Hill,) on the property of J. Mason,
+Esq., Cippenham. It was the observation
+of the esteemed and celebrated Dr.
+Heberdeen, that it but required a physician
+to write a treatise on the water,
+to render it as efficacious as Malvern.</p>
+
+<p class="author">URANIA.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Spirit Of The Public Journals.</h2>
+<hr />
+
+<h3>STATE OF MAGIC IN EGYPT, BY AN EYE-WITNESS.</h3>
+
+<p>At the Consul General's table, in Egypt,
+in August, 1822, the conversation turned
+on the belief in magic; and the Consul's
+Italian Staff propounded the following
+story, which seemed to have perfect
+possession of their best belief. They
+said that a magician of great name was
+then in Cairo&mdash;I think a Mogrebine;
+and that he had been sent for to the
+Consul's house, and put to the following
+proof:&mdash;A silver spoon had been lost,
+and he was invited to point out the thief.
+On arriving, he sent for an Arab boy at
+hazard out of the street, and after various
+ceremonies, poured ink into the boy's
+hand, into which the boy was to look.
+It was stated, that he asked the boy what
+he saw, and the boy answered, "<i>I see a
+little man</i>,"&mdash;Tell him to bring a flag,&mdash;"<i>Now
+he has brought a flag</i>."&mdash;Tell
+him to bring another.&mdash;"<i>Now he has
+brought another</i>."&mdash;Tell him to bring a
+third,&mdash;"<i>Now he has brought it</i>."&mdash;Tell
+him to bring a fourth.&mdash;"<i>He has brought
+it</i>."&mdash;Tell him to bring the captain of
+them all.&mdash;"<i>I see a great Sheik on horseback</i>."&mdash;Tell
+him to bring the man that
+stole the spoon.&mdash;"<i>Now he has brought
+him</i>."&mdash;What is he like?&mdash;"<i>He is a
+Frangi, poor-looking and mesquin</i>."
+After which followed other points of personal
+description not remembered; but
+which drew from the Staff the observation,
+that a European of exactly those
+qualities had been about the house. We
+expressed our desire to be introduced to
+the magician, and the Consul gravely
+intimated it might hurt the prejudices
+of his wife, as being a Catholic; to the
+great mirth of the beautiful Consuless
+when she was told of it, who, though a
+Catholic and an Italian, declared she was
+the only person in the family that set all
+the magicians in Egypt at defiance.</p>
+
+<p>Having some time afterwards established
+ourselves in a house of our own,
+on the edge of the garden of the Austrian
+Consulate (as I remember by the token
+that a Turkish officer who had been
+taking his evening walk of meditation,
+very gravely opened the window from
+the garden, put in first one leg of his
+huge trousers and then the other, and
+strode into the room followed by his
+pipe-bearer, as being the shortest cut
+into the street; though I must do him
+the justice to say he laughed and was
+very conversable, when I brought him
+up with a salam and a cup of coffee, by
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page249" id="page249"></a>[pg 249]</span>
+way of demonstrating there was somebody
+in the house besides the Arab
+owner), we sent for the magician. I remember
+a well-dressed personable man, of
+what, after the fashion of the nomenclature
+in the Chamber of Deputies, might
+be called the young middle-age. He
+agreed to show us a specimen of his art,
+though I do not recollect that the nature
+of it was defined. He fixed upon our
+little boy of seven years old to be his instrument;
+and I remember he talked
+some nonsense about requiring an innocent
+agent, and how a woman might do
+as well, if she could plead the innocent
+presence of the unborn. He dispatched
+a servant into the bazar, to procure
+frankincense and other things which he
+directed; and on their being produced
+we all retired into a room, and closed
+the doors and windows. An earthen
+pot was placed in the middle of the floor,
+containing fire, and the magician sat
+down by it. He placed the little boy
+before him, and poured ink into the hollow
+of the boy's hand, and bid him look
+into it steadily. I think the mother
+rather quailed, at seeing her child in
+such propinquity with "the Enemy;"
+but recovered herself on being exhorted
+to defy the devil and all his works. And
+the thing was not entirely without danger
+from another quarter; for it was
+understood the Pasha had directed a
+special edict against all dealing with
+familiar spirits; and the Pasha's edicts
+were not altogether to be trifled with,
+as we knew from the mishap of a poor
+Indian servant, who was caught in the
+bazar in the fact of taking thirteen of
+the Pasha's tin piasters in change for a
+dollar, when the political economy of
+Cairo had decreed that twelve were to
+be equal in public estimation, and was
+immediately incarcerated in the place of
+skulls, or at least of heads, from which
+it is supposed he would have come out
+shorn of his beard and the chin it grew
+from, if the Consular cocked hat and
+Abyssinian charger had not proceeded
+at a gallop to the Court at Shubra, to
+claim him as a subject of the British
+crown; and much did poor Baloo vow,
+that no earthly temptation should take
+him again to quit the gentle rule of the
+old Lady in Leadenhall-street, who,
+though she pinches a Peishwa and mercilessly
+screws a renter when it suits
+her, it must be allowed has a reverent
+care for the heads of all her lieges, and
+gives them a fair chance of going to their
+graves with the members nature had
+bestowed on them.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hisce positis</i>, as the logicians say, the
+magician began his process. The boy
+was innocent of fear; being in fact a
+person rather perplexed and imperfect
+in those parts of theology that should
+have caused him to feel alarm. His
+native nurse first taught him to kiss his
+hand to the moon walking in brightness;
+which, being especially reprobated in the
+book of Job, we persuaded him to renounce.
+We next found him making
+salams as he passed the fat old gentleman
+with an elephant's head, and other
+foul idolatries bedaubed with rose-pink
+and butter, that show themselves on
+various milestone-like appurtenances to
+an Indian road. After his visit to the
+Persian Gulph he leaned more towards
+monotheism; and I once found him
+seated between two guns on the quarter-deck
+of an Arab frigate, in the midst of
+a fry of devotees of little more than his
+own age, busily engaged in chanting
+canticles in praise of Mohammed the
+"amber-<i>ee</i>." His early leaning towards
+the ugly gods of Hindoston, had made it
+a delicate matter to introduce him to our
+Evil Principle; and the fact was, that
+when he afterwards saw the Freischutz
+in England, we had no means of making
+him comprehend the nature of the crimson
+fiend, but by telling him he was a
+relation of his old elephant-headed friend
+Gunputty. On the whole I imagine
+there never was a better subject to cope
+with a sorcerer; and when he asked the
+cause of the immediate preparations we
+told him the man was going to show some
+feats of legerdemain such as he used to
+see in India. The magician began by
+throwing grains of incense upon the fire,
+bowing with a seesaw motion and repeating
+"<i>Heyya hadji Capitân, Heyya
+hadji Capitân;</i>" which being interpreted,
+if it was intended to have any meaning,
+would appear to imply "<i>Hurra, pilgrim
+Captain!</i>" being, as I understood it at
+the time, an invocation by his style and
+title, of the spirit he wished to see.
+When nothing came, he increased his
+zeal after the manner of a priest of Baal,
+and seemed determined that if the
+"Captain" was sleeping or on a journey,
+he should not be missed for want of calling.
+One slight <i>variorum</i> reading I observed.
+Instead of saying to the boy
+"What do you see?" as had been reported&mdash;he
+said "<i>Do you see a little
+man?</i>" which, if he had been accessible
+to fear or phantasy, was manifestly telling
+him what he was to look for. The
+boy, however, resolutely declared he saw
+nothing; and the sorcerer continued his
+calls upon his spirit.  When in this
+manner curiosity had been roused to
+something like expectation, the boy suddenly
+exclaimed, "I see something!"&mdash;
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page250" id="page250"></a>[pg 250]</span>
+<i>Tremor occupat artis;</i>&mdash;when he quashed
+it all by adding, "I see my nose."
+By the dim light of the fire, he had succeeded
+in getting a glimpse of his own
+countenance reflected in the ink. The
+magician doubled his exertions by way
+of carrying the thing off; but there was
+much less gravity in his audience afterwards;
+and at last he was forced to declare
+that the spirit would not come, and
+the reason he believed was because we
+were Christians. He said, however, if
+an Arab boy was substituted the spirit
+would come. A servant therefore was
+sent out to bring a boy by the offer of a
+piastre, and one was soon produced.
+Whether there was any confederacy or
+not, I had no precise means to ascertain;
+but I was inclined to think not. The
+Arab boy was trusted with the ink in
+place of the European, and on the magician's
+asking him the leading question
+"Do you see a little man?" he took
+but one look and answered "Yes." The
+orders then followed "Tell him to bring
+a flag." &amp;c. to all of which, whether
+operated on by some dread of refusing,
+or by the natural inclination of one
+rogue to help another, he duly answered
+that the thing was done. I do not remember
+any further <i>denoůment</i> that
+there was; and so ended the magic of
+the magician of Grand Cairo.</p>
+
+<p>Being disappointed in this experiment,
+we began to seek for the opportunity
+of making others, and offered a
+reward for any person who would show
+us a specimen of imp or spirit. One
+man was produced, who was stated to
+be of considerable fame. He said he
+would show me a spirit; but I must go
+out with him three nights running to a
+cross road at midnight, and perform divers
+ceremonies and lustrations which
+he proceeded to describe. I believe he
+he had got an inkling, that I intended to
+leave Cairo the next day. I told him,
+however, that I would cheerfully go
+through any ceremonies he might propose.
+He next said, it would be necessary
+that I should repeat the name of
+the spirit I called for, eleven thousand
+times; and this I assured him I would
+painfully perform. He then said, he
+was afraid at my age the operation would
+be dangerous. I wonder whether the
+rogue meant that I was too young, or
+too old, or too middle-aged; for I was
+exactly thirty-eight. Seeing that I only
+pressed him the more, he took his fee
+and walked off, intimating that there
+was no use in doing these things with
+Frangis.</p>
+
+<p>I saw another instance in Cairo, of
+the way in which a story accumulates
+by telling, and the degree in which even
+sensible Europeans by long residence
+are induced to give into the beliefs they
+find around them. The conversation
+turned one day on the power of charming
+serpents, supposed to be inherent in
+certain descendants of the <i>Psylli</i>. One
+of the Consular Staff immediately declared,
+that a most remarkable instance
+of the fact had happened in the Consul-General's
+own courtyard the day before.
+That one of those gifted men had come
+into the yard, and declared he knew by
+his art that there were serpents in the
+stable; and that he had immediately
+gone and summoned forth two snakes of
+the most poisonous kind, which he seized
+in his hands and brought, in the presence
+of the relator, to the Consular threshold.
+Now it happened to me to see the whole
+of this scene. I was wandering about
+the Consul's court, gazing at the curiosities
+scattered around, enough to have
+set up any European museum with an
+Egyptian branch, and particularly, I
+remember, at a lame mummy's crutch,
+found with him in his coffin, on which
+it is possible the original owner hopped
+away from the plague of frogs. An old
+rural Arab of respectable appearance
+was standing at the Consul's door, holding
+in his hand the crooked stick which
+an Arab keeps to recover the halter of
+his camel if he happens to lose it while
+mounted, and presenting altogether a
+parallel to a substantial yeoman with his
+riding-whip, come to town to do a little
+justice business with the Mayor. A
+stable-keeper came and said, that two
+snakes had made their appearance in the
+stable; on which the Arab, being no
+more in the habit of fearing such vermin
+than a European farmer of fearing rats,
+proceeded towards the stable, and I followed
+him. Sure enough there were
+two snakes in dalliance in the horse's
+stall; and my construction was, that it
+was the poor animals' St. Valentine.
+The Arab, however, ruthlessly smote
+them with his gib stick, in a way that
+showed an exact comprehension of what
+would settle a snake; and brought them
+hanging by the tails and still writhing
+with the remains of life, and laid them
+at the threshold of the house. I looked
+at the snakes, and felt a strong persuasion
+that they were of a harmless kind;
+but whether they were or not, was of
+small moment as the Arab treated them.</p>
+
+<p>I remember in India once driving one
+of the snake-jugglers to discovery. He
+told the servants there were snakes in
+the stable; and offered to produce one.
+He accordingly went, with piping and
+other ceremonies, and soon demonstrated
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page251" id="page251"></a>[pg 251]</span>
+a goodly <i>cobra de capello</i> struggling by
+the tail. He secured this in his repertory
+of snakes, and said he thought there
+was another; on which he went through
+the same operations again. Though he
+had been too quick for me on both occasions,
+I offered him a rupee to produce
+a third, which he agreed to; and this
+time I saw the snake's head, struggling
+rather oddly in his nether garments. He
+ran into the horse's stall, rushed forward
+with a shriek to distract attention, and
+then I saw him jerk out a snake of some
+four feet long, and drag it backwards by
+the tip of the tail as if desperately afraid
+of it. Knowing his snakes must be an
+exhaustible quantity, I proffered a second
+rupee for another, taking care to keep
+between him and the snake-basket;
+which he declined. But on turning round
+and giving him a chance to communicate
+with his receptacle, he quickly presented
+himself with the assurance that now he
+thought he knew where a serpent might be
+lodged. The Indian servants all devoutly
+believed in his skill; but it is impossible
+not to be ashamed of Europeans, who
+adorn their books with marks of similar
+gullibility.&mdash;<i>Abridged from Tait's
+Edinburgh Mag.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notes of a Reader</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>RECREATIONS IN THE LAW.</h3>
+
+<p>Gentle reader, we are not about to direct
+your notice to the Temple Gardens,
+the olden feasts in our Law Halls&mdash;through
+which men ate their way to
+eminence&mdash;nor to prove that looking to a
+Chancellorship is woolgathering&mdash;nor to
+invite you to the shrubby groves of Lincoln's
+Inn, or to promenade with the
+spirit of BACON in Gray's Inn. All these
+may be pleasurable occupations; but
+there is mirth in store in the <i>study</i> of the
+Law itself, which is not "dull and crabbed
+as some fools (or knaves) suppose."</p>
+
+<p>In a recent <i>Mirror</i>, (No. 540) this
+may have been made manifest to the
+reader in the Legal Rhymes, quoted by
+our correspondent, <i>W.A.R.;</i><a id="footnotetag9" name="footnotetag9"></a><a href="#footnote9"><sup>9</sup></a> but lo!
+here is a volume of evidence in "<i>The
+Cenveyancer's Guide;</i>" a Poem, by
+John Crisp, Esq., of Furnival's Inn;
+in which the art of Conveyancing is sung
+in Hudibrastic verse, and said in notes
+of pleasant prose. Happy are we to
+see Mr. Crisp's volume in a third edition,
+since we opine from this success
+the bright moments of relief which his
+Muse may have shed upon the <i>viginti
+annorum lucubrutiones</i> of thousands of
+students. We have not space for quotations
+from the poem itself, in which
+<i>Doe</i> and <i>Roe</i> figure as heroes, with their
+occasional friend Thomas Stiles. We
+can only say their movements are sung
+with the terseness and point which we
+so much admire in the great originals,
+so as to make men acknowledge there
+is good in every thing. Our extracts
+are from the Introduction and Notes.
+First is</p>
+
+<center>A LEGAL GLEE.</center>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"A woman having a settlement,</p>
+<p class="i2">Married a man with none,</p>
+<p>The question was, he being dead,</p>
+<p class="i2">If that she had was gone.</p>
+<p>Quoth <i>Sir John Pratt</i>, her settlement</p>
+<p class="i2">Suspended did remain,</p>
+<p>Living the husband&mdash;but him dead,</p>
+<p class="i2">It doth revive again.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i10">  "CHORUS OF PUISNE JUDGES.</p>
+<p class="i8"> "Living the husband&mdash;but him dead,</p>
+<p class="i10">      It doth revive again."</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+
+<p>A print of Westminster Hall, by
+Mosely, from a drawing made by Gravelot,
+who died in 1773, bears the following
+versified inscription:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"When fools fall out, for ev'ry flaw,</p>
+<p>They run horn mad to go to law,</p>
+<p>A hedge awry, a wrong plac'd gate,</p>
+<p>Will serve to spend a whole estate.</p>
+<p>Your case the lawyer says is good,</p>
+<p>And justice cannot he withstood;</p>
+<p>By tedious process from above,</p>
+<p>From office they to office move,</p>
+<p>Thro' pleas, demurrers, the dev'l and all,</p>
+<p>At length they bring it to the <i>Hall</i>;</p>
+<p>The dreadful hall by Rufus rais'd,</p>
+<p>For lofty Gothick arches prais'd.</p>
+  </div><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i2">"The <i>first of Term</i>, the fatal day,</p>
+<p>Doth various images convey;</p>
+<p>First, from the courts with clam'rous bawl,</p>
+<p>The <i>criers</i> their <i>attornies</i> call;</p>
+<p>One of the gown discreet and wise,</p>
+<p>By <i>proper</i> means his witness tries;</p>
+<p>From <i>Wreathock's</i> gang, not right or laws,</p>
+<p>H' assures his trembling client's cause.</p>
+<p><i>This</i> gnaws his haudkerchies, whilst <i>that</i></p>
+<p>Gives the kind ogling nymph his hat;</p>
+<p>Here one in love with choristers,</p>
+<p>Minds singing more than law affairs.</p>
+<p>A <i>Serjeant</i> limping on behind,</p>
+<p>Shews justice lame as well as blind.</p>
+<p>To gain new clients some dispute,</p>
+<p>Others protract an ancient suit,</p>
+<p>Jargon and noise alone prevail,</p>
+<p>Whilst sense and reason's sure to fail:</p>
+<p>At <i>Babel</i> thus <i>law terms</i> begun,</p>
+<p>And now at West&mdash;&mdash;er go on."</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>At page 24, of the Poem, there is a
+happy allusion to the permanence or
+lasting of a limitation:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"But if the limitation's made</p>
+<p>So long as cheating's us'd in trade,</p>
+<p>Or vice prevails: 'tis then a fee,</p>
+<p>As good as ever need to be:</p>
+<p>For tho' 'tis base instead of pure,</p>
+<p>Alas it ever will endure."</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>Upon this passage is the following
+confirmative note:
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page252" id="page252"></a>[pg 252]</span>
+"Cheating will always prevail, in defiance
+of all human laws, for it cannot
+be avoided, but so long as contracts be
+suffered, many offences shall follow
+thereby."&mdash;(<i>Doctor and Student</i>, c. 3.)
+In buying and selling, the law of nations
+connives at some cunning and
+overreaching in respect of the price.
+By the civil law, a just price is said to
+be that, whereby neither the buyer nor
+seller is injured above one moiety of the
+true and common value; and in this
+case the person injured shall not be relieved
+by rescinding the sale, for he must
+impute it to his own imprudence and
+indiscretion.</p>
+
+<p>The origin of <i>Fee-tail estates</i>:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+"The expression, fee-tail, was borrowed
+from the feudists, among whom
+it signified any mutilated or truncated
+inheritance from which the heirs general
+were cut off, being derived from the
+barbarous word <i>taliare</i> to cut.&mdash;(2 <i>Blac.
+Comm</i>. 112.)
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p><i>Fines and Recoveries (as fund and
+refund</i>,) are like the poles, arctic and
+attractive. Of the latter is the following
+<i>quid-pro-quo</i> anecdote:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+"A physician of an acrimonious disposition,
+and having a thorough hatred
+of lawyers, was in company with a barrister,
+and in the course of conversation,
+reproached the profession of the
+latter with the use of phrases utterly
+unintelligible. 'For example,' said he,
+'I never could understand what you
+lawyers mean by docking an entail.'
+'That is very likely,' answered the lawyer,
+'but I will explain it to you; it is
+doing what you doctors never consent
+to&mdash;<i>suffering a recovery</i>.'
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Among the notes to <i>Rights and Titles</i>
+is the following:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+"Master <i>Mason</i>, of <i>Trinity College</i>,
+sent his pupil to another of the fellows
+to borrow a book of him, who told him,
+'I am loth to lend books out of my
+chamber, but if it please thy tutor to
+come and read upon it in my chamber,
+he shall as long as he will.' It was
+winter, and some days after the same
+fellow sent to Mr. <i>Mason</i> to borrow his
+bellows, but Mr. <i>Mason</i> said to his
+pupil, 'I am loth to lend my bellows out
+of my chamber, but if thy tutor would
+come and blow the fire in my chamber,
+he shall as long as he will.'
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In the next page is a note on the <i>Nature
+of Property</i>, in the perspicuous
+style of a master-mind:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+"There is nothing which so generally
+strikes the imagination, and engages
+the affections of mankind, as the right
+of property; or that sole and despotic
+dominion which one man claims and exercises
+over the external things of the
+world, in total exclusion of the right of
+any other individual in the universe.
+And yet there are very few that will
+give themselves the trouble to consider
+the original and foundation of this right.
+Pleased as we are with the possession,
+we seem afraid to look back to the
+means by which it was acquired, as if
+fearful of some defect in our title; or
+at best we rest satisfied with the decision
+of the laws in our favour, without
+examining the reason and authority upon
+which those laws have been built. We
+think it enough that our title is derived
+by the grant of the former proprietor,
+by descent from our ancestors, or by the
+last will and testament of the dying
+owner; not caring to reflect that (accurately
+and strictly speaking) there is no
+foundation in nature, or in natural law,
+why a set of words upon parchment
+should convey the dominion of land;
+why the son should have a right to exclude
+his fellow creature from a determinate
+spot of ground, because his father
+had so done before him; or why
+the occupier of a particular field, or of
+a jewel, when lying on his death bed,
+and no longer able to maintain possession,
+should be entitled to tell the rest
+of the world which of them should enjoy
+it after him.&mdash;(2 <i>Blac. Comm.</i> 2)</p>
+
+<p>"The <i>two sheriff's of London</i> are the
+<i>one sheriff of Middlesex</i>; thus constituting
+in the latter case, what may be
+denominated, in the words of <i>George
+Colman the Younger</i>, (see his address
+to the Reviewers, in his <i>vagaries</i>,)
+'a plural unit.' Henry the First, in the
+same charter by which he declared and
+confirmed the privileges of the City of
+<i>London</i>, (and among others, that of
+choosing their own sheriffs,) conferred
+on them, in consideration of an annual
+rent of 300<i>l.</i>, to be paid to his majesty
+and his successors for ever, the perpetual
+sheriffalty of <i>Middlesex</i>. This was
+an enormous price; 300<i>l.</i>. in those days
+were equal to more than three times as
+many thousands at the present time.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Here is a lively commentary upon
+the <i>Inclosure Acts</i>:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+"To a pamphlet which was published
+some years ago, against the propriety
+of enclosing <i>Waltham Forest</i>,
+the following quaint motto was prefixed:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"The fault is great in man or woman, </p>
+<p>Who steals a goose from off a common,</p>
+<p>But who can plead that man's excuse, </p>
+<p>Who steals the common from the goose?"</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+</blockquote>
+
+<h4>How to decide a Chancery Suit:</h4>
+
+<p>"The <i>Shellys</i> were a family of distinction
+in <i>Sussex</i>.  <i>Richard</i> and <i>Thomas
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page253" id="page253"></a>[pg 253]</span>
+Shelly</i> were a long time engaged in
+litigation; and Queen Elizabeth hearing
+of it, ordered her Lord Chancellor to
+summon the Judges to put an end to it,
+to prevent the ruin of so ancient a family."&mdash;(<i>Engl. Baronets</i>, ed. 1737.)</p>
+
+<p>With these pleasantries we leave the
+<i>Conveyancer's Guide</i>, hoping it may be
+long ere the witty author sings his
+"Farewell to his Muse."</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Manners &amp; Customs of all Nations.</h2>
+<hr />
+
+<h3>THE CURFEW BELL.</h3>
+
+<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>Hark! the curfews solemn sound;</p>
+<p>Silence, darkness, spreads around.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p>There are now but few places in which
+this ancient custom&mdash;the memento of
+the iron sway of William the Conqueror&mdash;is
+retained.</p>
+
+<p>Its impression when I heard it for the
+first time, will never be effaced from my
+memory. Let not the reader suppose
+that it was merely the <i>sound</i> of the bell
+to which I allude; to use the language
+of Thomas Moore, I may justly say,
+"Oh! no, it was something more exquisite
+still."</p>
+
+<p>It was during the autumn of last year,
+that I had occasion to visit the eastern
+coast of Kent. Accustomed to an inland
+county, the prospect of wandering
+by the sea shore, and inhaling the sea
+breezes, afforded me no trifling degree
+of pleasure. The most frequented road
+to the sea, was through a succession of
+meadows and pastures; the ground becoming
+more irregular and broken as it
+advanced, till at last it was little better
+than an accumulation of sand-hills.
+I have since been informed by a veteran
+tar, that these sand-hills bear a striking
+resemblance to those on that part of the
+coast of Egypt, where the British
+troops under the gallant Abercrombie
+were landed.</p>
+
+<p>The evening was beautifully calm,
+not a sound disturbed its tranquillity;
+and the sun was just sinking to repose
+in all his dying glory. At this part of
+the coast, the sands are hard and firm to
+walk upon; and on arriving at their
+extremity, where the waves were gently
+breaking at my feet, "forming sweet
+music to the thoughtful ear," I looked
+around, and gazed on the various objects
+that presented themselves to my view,
+with feelings of deep interest and pleasure.
+The evening was too far advanced
+to discern clearly the coast of France,
+but its dim outline might just be traced,
+bounding the view. Every now and
+then a vessel might be seen making her
+silent way round the foreland, her form
+gradually lessening, till at last it was
+entirely lost in the distance. As it grew
+darker, the strong, red glare of the
+light-house shedding its lurid gleams on
+the waves, added a novel effect to the
+scene.</p>
+
+<p>At the very moment I was turning
+from the shore, to retrace my steps, the
+deep tone of a distant bell fell on my
+ear. It was the Curfew Bell&mdash;which
+had been tolled regularly at eight
+o'clock in the evening, since the days of
+the despotic William.</p>
+
+<p>The vast changes that had taken place
+in society, in fact, in every thing, since
+the institution of this custom, occupied
+my thoughts during my walk; and I
+felt no little gratification in the assurance
+that what was originally the edict of a
+barbarous and despotic age, was now
+merely retained as a relic of ancient
+times.</p>
+
+<p>It may be thought romantic, but the
+first hearing of the Curfew Bell often
+occurs to my memory; and there are
+times when I fancy myself walking on
+that lone shore, and the objects that I
+then thought so beautiful, are as distinctly
+and vividly seen as if I were actually
+there.</p>
+
+<p class="author">REGINALD.</p>
+
+<p>The only drawback from the interest
+of this brief paper is that the
+writer does not state the name of the
+Village whence he heard the Curfew
+Bell.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>BARBAROUS PUNISHMENTS.</h3>
+
+<p>It is almost inconceivable how long
+Fnglishmen have retained their barbarous
+practices. It is not more than a
+century since a trial for witchcraft took
+place in England, and hardly eighty since
+one occurred in Scotland. The crime
+of coining the King's money is still
+treated as treason, and women, for the
+commission of this crime as well as that
+of murdering their husbands, were sentenced
+to be strangled, and afterwards
+publicly burned. In London this horrible
+outrage upon civilized feelings was
+perpetrated in Smithfield. One of these
+melancholy exhibitions took place within
+the memory of many persons. The criminal
+was a fine young woman, and the
+strangling had not been completed, for
+when the flames reached her at the
+stake, she uttered a shriek. This produced,
+as it well might, a general horror,
+and the practice was abandoned, though
+the law was not abrogated. It was the
+mild and enlightened Sir Samuel Romilly
+who first brought in a bill to annul the
+old acts which ordered the most revolting
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page254" id="page254"></a>[pg 254]</span>
+mutilation of the corpses of traitors,
+agreeable to a sentence expressed in the
+most barbarous jargon. Mark, this was
+only a few years since, I believe in 1811.</p>
+
+<p>What must have been the taste of our
+forefathers, who suffered miscreants to
+obtain their livelihood for the moment
+by stationing themselves at Temple-bar,
+after the rebellion in 1745, with magnifying-glasses,
+that the spectators might
+more nicely discriminate the features of
+those unfortunate gentlemen whose
+heads had been fixed over the gateway.
+No London populace, however tumultuary,
+would now for a moment tolerate
+such an outrage upon all that is decent
+and humane&mdash;(From a clever letter in
+<i>the Times</i> of April 12, by Colonel Jones.)</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>The Selector</h2>
+
+<h4>AND</h4>
+
+<h3>LITERARY NOTICES OF <i>NEW WORKS.</i></h3>
+<hr />
+<h3>THE ALTRIVE TALES.</h3>
+
+<h4>By the Ettrick Shepherd.</h4>
+
+<p>Mr. Hogg proposes to collect and reprint
+under the above title, the best of
+the grave and gay tales with which he
+has aided the Magazines and Annuals
+during the last few years. The Series
+will extend to fourteen volumes, the first
+of which, now before us, preceded by
+a poetical dedication and autobiographical
+memoir. The poem is an exquisite
+performance; but the biography,
+with due allowance for the Shepherd's
+claim, is a most objectionable preface.
+It is so disfigured with self-conceit and
+vituperative recollections of old grievances,
+that we regret some kind friend
+of the author did not suggest the omission
+of these personalities. They will
+be neither advantageous to the writer,
+interesting to the public, nor propitiatory
+for the work itself; since the world care
+less about the squabbles of authors and
+booksellers than even an "untoward
+event" in Parliament; and if the writer
+of every book were to detail his vexations
+as a preface, the publication of a
+long series of "Calamities" might be
+commenced immediately.</p>
+
+<p>To our way of thinking, the pleasantest
+part of the Shepherd's memoir is
+his reminiscences of men of talent, with
+whom his own abilities have brought
+him in contact. Thus, of</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+<i>Southey.</i>
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>"My first interview with Mr. Southey
+was at the Queen's Head inn, in Keswick,
+where I had arrived, wearied, one
+evening, on my way to Westmoreland;
+and not liking to intrude on his family
+circle that evening, I sent a note up to
+Greta Hall, requesting him to come
+down and see me, and drink one half
+mutchkin along with me. He came on
+the instant, and stayed with me about
+an hour and a half. But I was a grieved
+as well as an astonished man, when I
+found that he refused all participation
+in my beverage of rum punch. For a
+poet to refuse his glass was to me a
+phenomenon; and I confess I doubted
+in my own mind, and doubt to this day,
+if perfect sobriety and transcendent
+poetical genius can exist together. In
+Scotland I am sure they cannot. With
+regard to the English, I shall leave
+them to settle that among themselves,
+as they have little that is worth drinking.</p>
+
+<p>"Before we had been ten minutes
+together my heart was knit to Southey,
+and every hour thereafter my esteem for
+him increased. I breakfasted with him
+next morning, and remained with him
+all that day and the next; and the weather
+being fine, we spent the time in
+rambling on the hills and sailing on the
+lake; and all the time he manifested a
+delightful flow of spirits, as well as a
+kind sincerity of manner, repeating convivial
+poems and ballads, and always
+between hands breaking jokes on his
+nephew, young Coleridge, in whom he
+seemed to take great delight. He gave
+me, with the utmost readiness, a poem
+and ballad of his own, for a work which
+I then projected. I objected to his
+going with Coleridge and me, for fear
+of encroaching on his literary labours;
+and, as I had previously resided a month
+at Keswick, I knew every scene almost
+in Cumberland; but he said he was an
+early riser, and never suffered any task
+to interfere with his social enjoyments
+and recreations; and along with us he
+went both days.</p>
+
+<p>"Southey certainly is as elegant a
+writer as any in the kingdom. But
+those who would love Southey as well
+as admire him, must see him, as I did,
+in the bosom, not only of one lovely
+family, but of three, all attached to him
+as a father, and all elegantly maintained
+and educated, it is generally said, by his
+indefatigable pen. The whole of Southey's
+conversation and economy, both
+at home and afield, left an impression of
+veneration on my mind, which no future
+contingency shall ever either extinguish
+or injure. Both his figure and countenance
+are imposing, and deep thought is
+strongly marked in his dark eye; but
+there is a defect in his eyelids, for these
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page255" id="page255"></a>[pg 255]</span>
+he has no power of raising; so that,
+when he looks up, he turns up his face,
+being unable to raise his eyes; and
+when he looks towards the top of one of
+his romantic mountains, one would think
+he was looking at the zenith. This
+peculiarity is what will most strike
+every stranger in the appearance of the
+accomplished laureate. He does not at
+all see well at a distance, which made
+me several times disposed to get into a
+passion with him, because he did not
+admire the scenes which I was pointing
+out. We have only exchanged a few
+casual letters since that period, and I
+have never seen this great and good man
+again."</p>
+
+<p>In the Recollections of Wordsworth
+we find related the affront which led to
+Hogg's caricature of Wordsworth's style,
+an offence which shut out the Shepherd
+from the society of the amiable poet of
+the Lakes.</p>
+
+<p>"This anecdote has been told and
+told again, but never truly; and was
+likewise brought forward in the 'Noctes
+Ambrosianć,' as a joke; but it was no
+joke; and the plain, simple truth of the
+matter was thus:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>It chanced one night, when I was
+there, that there was a resplendent arch
+across the zenith from the one horizon
+to the other, of something like the
+aurora borealis, but much brighter. It
+was a scene that is well remembered,
+for it struck the country with admiration,
+as such a phenomenon had never
+before been witnessed in such perfection;
+and, as far as I could learn, it had been
+more brilliant over the mountains and
+pure waters of Westmoreland than any
+where else. Well, when word came
+into the room of the splendid meteor,
+we all went out to view it; and, on the
+beautiful platform at Mount Ryedale
+we were all walking, in twos and threes,
+arm-in-arm, talking of the phenomenon,
+and admiring it. Now, be it remembered,
+that Wordsworth, Professor Wilson,
+Lloyd, De Quincey, and myself,
+were present, besides several other literary
+gentlemen, whose names I am not
+certain that I remember aright. Miss
+Wordsworth's arm was in mine, and she
+was expressing some fears that the
+splendid stranger might prove ominous,
+when I, by ill luck, blundered out the
+following remark, thinking that I was
+saying a good thing:&mdash;'Hout, me'em!
+it is neither mair nor less than joost a
+treeumphal airch, raised in honour of
+the meeting of the poets.' 'That's not
+amiss.&mdash;Eh? Eh?&mdash;that's very good,'
+said the Professor, laughing. But
+Wordsworth, who had De Quincey's
+arm, gave a grunt, and turned on his
+heel, and leading the little opium-chewer
+aside, he addressed him in these disdainful
+and venomous words:&mdash;'Poets?
+Poets?&mdash;What does the fellow mean?&mdash;Where
+are they?' Who could forgive
+this? For my part, I never can, and
+never will! I admire Wordsworth; as
+who does not, whatever they may pretend?
+but for that short sentence I have
+a lingering ill-will at him which I cannot
+get rid of. It is surely presumption in
+any man to circumscribe all human excellence
+within the narrow sphere of his
+own capacity. The '<i>Where are they?</i>'
+was too bad! I have always some hopes
+that De Quincey was <i>leeing</i>, for I did
+not myself hear Wordsworth utter the
+words."</p>
+
+<p>Appended to this anecdote is a characteristic
+observation on the poetry of
+Wordsworth.</p>
+
+<p>"It relates to the richness of his
+works for quotations. For these they
+are a mine that is altogether inexhaustible.
+There is nothing in nature that
+you may not get a quotation out of
+Wordsworth to suit, and a quotation too
+that breathes the very soul of poetry.
+There are only three books in the world
+that are worth the opening in search of
+mottos and quotations, and all of them
+are alike rich. These are, the Old
+Testament, Shakspeare, and the poetical
+works of Wordsworth, and, strange to
+say, the 'Excursion' abounds most in
+them."</p>
+
+<p>We chanced to fall upon the Shepherd's
+allusion to the liberties taken
+with his name in <i>Blackwood's Magazine</i>,
+which work owes its establishment
+and much of its early success to Mr.
+Hogg's co-operation. We believe it to
+be pretty well known that the offensive
+language attributed to the Shepherd in
+the "Noctes" has no more to do with
+Mr. Hogg than by attempting to imitate
+his conversational style. This impropriety,
+which is beyond a literary joke,
+was reprobated some months since by
+the <i>Quarterly Review</i>, but here the offending
+parties are properly visited with
+a burst of honest indignation which may
+not pass unheeded. Mr. Hogg says</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+"For my part, after twenty years of
+feelings hardly suppressed, he has driven
+me beyond the bounds of human patience.
+That Magazine of his, which
+owes its rise principally to myself, has
+often put words and sentiments into my
+mouth of which I have been greatly
+ashamed, and which have given much
+pain to my family and relations, and
+many of those after a solemn written
+promise that such freedoms should never
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page256" id="page256"></a>[pg 256]</span>
+be repeated. I have been often urged
+to restrain and humble him by legal
+measures as an incorrigible offender
+deserves. I know I have it in my power,
+and if he dares me to the task, I want
+but a hair to make a tether of."
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>The Shepherd appears to have written
+since 1813, fifteen volumes of poetry
+and as many volumes of prose, besides
+his contributions to periodical works;
+and, what is not the less extraordinary
+he was forty years of age before he
+wrote his first poem.</p>
+
+<p>The Tales in the present volume are
+the Adventures of Captain Lochy, the
+Pongos, and Marion's Jock.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>The Gatherer.</h2>
+
+<p><i>Marriage Tree</i>.&mdash;A marriage tree,
+generally of the pine kind, is planted in
+the churchyard, by every new-married
+couple, in the parish of Varallo Pombio,
+in the Tyrol. A fine grove of pines,
+the result of this custom, now shades
+this churchyard.</p>
+<p>W.G.C.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slippery Love</i>.&mdash;Thevenard was the
+first singer of his time, at Paris, in the
+operas of Lulli. He was more than
+sixty years old when, seeing a beautiful
+<i>female slipper</i> in a shoemaker's shop,
+he fell violently in love, unsight, unseen,
+with the person for whom it was made;
+and having discovered the lady, married
+her. He died at Paris in 1741, at the
+age of 72.</p>
+<p class="author">P.T.W.</p>
+
+<h3>Character of England</h3>.
+
+<p>Anglia, 1 Mons, 2 Pons, 3 Fons, 4
+Ecclesia, 5 Faemina, 6 Lana.</p>
+
+<p>(That is to say:)</p>
+
+<p>For 1, Mountains; 2, Bridges; 3, Rivers;
+4, Churches faire;
+5, Women; and 6, Wool, England is
+past compare.</p>
+<p class="author">G.K.</p>
+
+<p><i>On our Lady Church in Salisbury</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="poem">  <div class="stanza">
+<p>How many dayes in one whole year there be,</p>
+<p>So many windows in one church we see,</p>
+<p>So many marble pillars there appear,</p>
+<p>As there are hours throughout the fleeting year.</p>
+<p>So many gates, as moons one year do view,</p>
+<p>Strange tale to tell, yet not so strange as true.</p>
+  </div>  </div>
+
+<p class="author">G.K.</p>
+
+<p><i>Astronomical Toasts</i>.&mdash;Lord Chesterfield
+dined one day with the French and
+Spanish ambassadors. After dinner,
+toasts were proposed. The Spanish
+ambassador proposed the King of Spain
+under the title of the Sun. The French
+ambassador gave his king as the Moon.
+Lord C. then arose, "Your excellencies,"
+said he, "have taken the two
+greatest luminaries, and the Stars are
+too small for a comparison with my
+royal master. I therefore beg to give
+your excellencies, Joshua."</p>
+
+<p><i>Talleyrand.</i>&mdash;(The following <i>bon mot</i>
+is worthy of extract from the <i>Literary
+Gazette</i>, and smacks of the raciest days
+of the noble utterer.) M. Talleyrand
+was enjoying his rubber, when the conversation
+turned on the recent union of
+an elderly lady of respectable rank.
+"However could Madame de S&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;
+make such a match? a person of her
+birth to marry a valet-de-chambre!"
+"Ah," replied Talleyrand, "it was
+late in the game; at nine we don't
+reckon honours."</p>
+
+<p><i>Remarkable Circumstance.</i>&mdash;William
+Coghan, who was at Oxford in the year
+1575, when the sweating sickness raged
+at that place, and who has given a brief
+account of its ravages, says, "It began
+on the sixth day of July, from which day
+to the twelfth day of August next ensuing,
+there died five hundred and ten
+persons, all men and no women."</p>
+<p class="author">P.T.W.</p>
+
+<p><i>A Loyalist.</i>&mdash;The Earl of St. Alban's
+was, like many other staunch loyalists,
+little remembered by Charles II. He
+was, however, an attendant at court,
+and one of his majesty's companions in
+his gay hours. On one such occasion,
+a stranger came with an importunate
+suit, for an office of great value, just
+vacant. The king, by way of joke, comsired
+the earl to personate him, and demanded
+the petitioner to be admitted.
+The gentleman addressing himself to the
+supposed monarch, enumerated his services
+to the royal family, and hoped the
+grant of the place would not be deemed
+too great a reward. "By no means,"
+answered the earl, "and I am only
+sorry that as soon as I heard of the vacancy,
+I conferred it on my faithful
+friend, the Earl of St. Alban's," pointing
+to the king, "who constantly followed
+the fortunes, both of my father
+and myself, and has hitherto gone unrewarded."
+Charles granted, for this
+joke, what the utmost real services
+looked for in vain.    </p>
+
+<p class="author">T. GILL.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1"
+name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a
+href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a><p>Picture of Scotland, vol.
+i.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2"
+name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a
+href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a><p>Built by David I. in
+1136.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote3"
+name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a
+href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a><p>Corbells, the projections from which
+the arches spring, usually cut in a fantastic face, or
+mask.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote4"
+name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a
+href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a><p>Sir Walter Scott's "Lay of the Last
+Minstrel."</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote5"
+name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a href="#footnotetag5"> (return)
+</a><p>Has Scotland no paupers to whom the gift of wood fuel might prove
+acceptable, in spite of peat? We have in England abundance of wood, yet
+our own poor are distressed for it, glad to pick up sticks for firing,
+and often steal it from fences, &amp;c. in their necessity, and the gift
+of wood is to them a charity, as well as that of coals. Why should aught
+that could he made of use, be wantonly destroyed? It is contrary to
+Scripture; it is in opposition to common sense.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote6"
+name="footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b><a href="#footnotetag6"> (return)
+</a><p>From the following lines of Oppian, the rambling spirit of eels
+seems to have been known to the ancients&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza">
+<p class="i10"> The wandering eel,</p>
+<p>Oft to the neighbouring beach will silent steal"</p>
+</div>
+</div></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote7"
+name="footnote7"></a><b>Footnote 7:</b><a href="#footnotetag7"> (return)
+</a><p>I have been informed, upon the authority of a nobleman well known
+for his attachment to field sports, that, if an eel is found on land,
+its head is invariably turned towards the sea, for which it is always
+observed to make in the most direct line possible. If this information
+is correct (and there seems to be no reason to doubt it.) it shows that
+the eel, like the swallow, is possessed of a strong migratory instinct.
+May we not suppose that the swallow, like the eel, performs its
+migrations in the same undeviating course?</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote8"
+name="footnote8"></a><b>Footnote 8:</b><a href="#footnotetag8"> (return)
+</a><p>See MIRROR, vol. xii. p. 253.</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote9"
+name="footnote9"></a><b>Footnote 9:</b><a href="#footnotetag9"> (return)
+</a><p>ERRATA in one of our correspondent's "Legal Rhymes"&mdash;the
+Grant of Edward the Confessor: </p>
+
+<p> for "six beaches," read "<i>six braches</i>."<br />
+for "book ycleped," read "<i>bock ylered</i>."<br />
+for "token" read "<i>teken</i>."<br />
+for "Hamelyn" read "<i>Howelin</i>."</p>
+
+<p>Corrected from Blount's <i>Tenures</i>, p. 665, ed.
+1815.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><i>Printed and published by J. LIMBIRD, 143,
+Strand, (near Somerset House,) London; sold
+by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market,
+Leipsic; G. G. BENNIS, 55. Run Neuve, St.
+Augustin, Paris; and by all Newsmen and
+Booksellers.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume 19, No. 543, Saturday, April 21, 1832.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 14, 2004 [EBook #11567]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Joshua Hutchinson and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XIX. NO. 543.] SATURDAY, APRIL 21, 1832. [PRICE 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MELROSE ABBEY.
+
+
+[Illustration: Melrose Abbey.]
+
+(_From a finished sketch, by a Correspondent_.)
+
+
+These venerable ruins stand upon the southern bank of the Tweed, in
+Roxburghshire. The domestic buildings of the monastery are entirely
+gone; but the remains of the church connected with, as seen in the above
+Engraving, are described by Mr. Chambers[1] as "the finest specimen of
+Gothic architecture and Gothic sculpture of which this country
+(Scotland) can boast. By singular good fortune, Melrose is also one of
+the most entire, as it is the most beautiful, of all the ecclesiastical
+ruins scattered throughout this reformed land. To say that it is
+beautiful, is to say nothing. It is exquisitely--splendidly lovely. It
+is an object of infinite grace and immeasurable charm; it is fine in its
+general aspect and in its minutest details; it is a study--a glory." We
+confess ourselves delighted with Mr. Chambers's well-directed
+enthusiasm.
+
+    [1] Picture of Scotland, vol. i.
+
+A page of interesting facts towards the history of the Abbey will be
+found appended to the "Recollections" of a recent visit by one of our
+esteemed Correspondents, in _The Mirror_, vol. x., p. 445. In the
+present view, the ornate Gothic style of the building is seen to
+advantage, but more especially the richness of the windows, and the
+niches above them: the latter, from drawings made "early in the reign of
+King William," were originally filled with statues; and, connected with
+the destruction of some of them, Mr. Chambers relates the following
+anecdote "told by the person who shows Melrose:"
+
+"On the eastern window of the church, there were formerly thirteen
+effigies, supposed to represent our Saviour and his apostles. These,
+harmless and beautiful as they were, happened to provoke the wrath of a
+praying weaver in Gattonside, who, in a moment of inspired zeal, went up
+one night by means of a ladder, and with a hammer and chisel, knocked
+off the heads and limbs of the figures. Next morning he made no scruple
+to publish the transaction, observing, with a great deal of exultation,
+to every person whom he met, that he had 'fairly stumpet thae vile
+paipist dirt _nou!_' The people sometimes catch up a remarkable word
+when uttered on a remarkable occasion by one of their number, and turn
+the utterer into ridicule, by attaching it to him as a nickname; and it
+is some consolation to think that this monster was therefore treated
+with the sobriquet of 'Stumpie,' and of course carried it about with him
+to his grave."
+
+The exquisite beauty and elaborate ornament of Melrose can, according to
+the entertaining work already quoted, be told only in a volume of prose;
+but, as compression is the spirit of true poetry, we quote the following
+descriptive lines:
+
+
+  If thou would'st view fair Melrose aright,
+  Go visit it by the pale moonlight;
+  For the gay beams of lightsome day
+  Gild but to flout the ruins gray.
+  When the broken arches are dark in night,
+  And each shafted oriel glimmers white;
+  When the cold light's uncertain shower
+  Streams on the ruin'd central tower;
+  When buttress and buttress, alternately,
+  Seem framed of ebon and ivory;
+  Wnen silver edges the imagery,
+  And the scrolls that teach thee to live and die;
+  When distant Tweed is heard to rave,
+  And the howlet to hoot o'er the dead man's grave,
+  Then go--but go alone the while--
+  Then view St. David's[2] ruined pile;
+  And, home returning, soothly swear,
+  Was never scene so sad and fair.
+         *       *       *       *       *
+  By a steel-clench'd postern door,
+    They enter'd now the chancel tall;
+  The darken'd roof rose high aloof
+    On pillars, lofty, light, and small;
+  The key-stone, that lock'd each ribbed aisle,
+  Was a fleur-de-lys or a quatre-feuille;
+  The corbells[3] were carved grotesque and grim;
+  And the pillars, with cluster'd shafts so trim,
+  With base and capital furnish'd around,
+  Seem'd bundles of lances which garlands had bound.
+         *       *       *       *       *
+  The moon on the east oriel shone,
+  Through slender shafts of shapely stone,
+    By foliated tracery combined;
+  Thou would'st have thought some fairy's hand
+  'Twixt poplars straight the osier wand
+    In many a freakish knot had twined;
+  Then framed a spell, when the work was done,
+  And changed the willow-wreaths to stone.[4]
+
+
+    [2] Built by David I. in 1136.
+
+    [3] Corbells, the projections from which the arches spring,
+        usually cut in a fantastic face, or mask.
+
+    [4] Sir Walter Scott's "Lay of the Last Minstrel."
+
+
+The monks of Melrose were caricatured for their sensuality at the
+Reformation. Their Abbey suffered in consequence; for the condemnator,
+out of the ruins, built himself a house, which may still be seen near
+the church. "The regality," says Mr. Chambers, "soon after passed into
+the hands of Lord Binning, an eminent lawyer, ancestor to the Earl of
+Haddington; and about a century ago, the whole became the property of
+the Buccleuch family."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LACONICS.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+The most important advantages we enjoy, and the greatest discoveries
+that science can boast, have proceeded from men who have either seen
+little of the world, or have secluded themselves entirely for the
+purposes of study. Not only those arts which are exclusively the result
+of calculation, such as navigation, mechanism, and others, but even
+agriculture, may be said to derive its improvement, if not its origin,
+from the same source.
+
+Where a cause is good, an appeal should be directed to the heart rather
+than the head: the application comes more home, and reaches more
+forcibly, where it is the most necessary--the natural rather than the
+improved faculties of the human understanding.
+
+Common sense is looked upon as a vulgar quality, but nevertheless it is
+the only talisman to conduct us prosperously through the world. The man
+of refined sense has been compared to one who carries about with him
+nothing but gold, when he may be every moment in want of smaller change.
+
+The grand cause of failure in most undertakings is the want of
+unanimity. This, however, we find is not wanting where actual danger, as
+well as possible advantage may accrue to the parties concerned. It is
+whimsical enough that thieves and other ruffians, while they bid open
+defiance to the laws, both of God and man, pay implicit obedience to
+their own.
+
+Aristotle laid it down as a maxim "that all inquiry should begin with
+doubt." Whenever, then, we meet with mysteries beyond our feeble
+comprehension, would it not be more rational to doubt the very faculty
+we are employing--the capacity of our reason itself.
+
+The most politic, because the most effectual way of governing in a
+family, is for the husband occasionally to lay aside his supremacy; so
+in public, as well as private life, that king will be most popular who
+does not at all times exercise his full prerogative.
+
+It would appear that there is a great sympathy between the mind of man
+and falsehood: when we have a truth to tell, it takes better, if
+conveyed in a fable; and the rage for novels shows, that we may not only
+divert extremely without a syllable of truth, but truth is even
+compelled to borrow the habit of falsehood to secure itself an agreeable
+reception.
+
+In our intercourse with others, we should endeavour to turn the
+conversation towards those subjects with which our companions are
+professionally acquainted: thus we shall agreeably please as well as
+innocently flatter in affording them the opportunity to shine; while we
+should acquire that knowledge which we could no where else obtain so
+well.
+
+What an extraordinary method of reducing oneself to beggary is gambling!
+The man who has but little money in the world, and knows not how to
+procure more without risking his life and character, must needs put it
+in the power of fortune to take away what he has. Put the case in the
+opposite light, it is just as absurd: the man who has money to spare,
+must needs make the experiment whether it may not become the property of
+another.
+
+It is a mistake to suppose a great mind inattentive to trifles: its
+capacity and comprehension enable it to embrace every thing.
+
+The failing of vanity extends throughout all classes: the poor have but
+little time to bestow on their persons, and yet in the selection of
+their clothes we find they prefer such as are of a flaring and gaudy
+colour.
+
+Philosophy has not so much enabled men to overcome their weaknesses, as
+it has taught the art of concealing them from the world.
+
+That a little learning is dangerous is one of our surest maxims. If
+knowledge does not produce the effect of ameliorating our imperfect
+condition, it were, without question, better let alone altogether; it is
+not to be made merely an appendix to the mind, but must be incorporated
+and identified with it.
+
+They who have experienced sorrow are the most capable of appreciating
+joy; so, those only who have been sick, feel the full value of health.
+
+By the expression "common people," is meant the man of rank as well as
+the more industrious peasant; for in our estimate of men, the mind, and
+not the eye, is the most proper judge.
+
+Some men are, of course, more original thinkers than others, but all,
+without exception, who hope to appear in print with any effect, must
+first be readers themselves. It was said by Dr. Johnson, that more than
+half an author's time was occupied in reading what others had said
+concerning the subject he was himself writing upon.
+
+Every man, in his more serious moments, must confess that he has done
+few things in the course of his life he would not wish undone; and
+experience must have shown him that the things he most feared would have
+been better ihan those he most prayed for.
+
+Vanity is our dearest weakness, in more senses than one: a man will
+sacrifice every thing, and starve out all his other inclinations to keep
+alive that one.
+
+The man who trusts entirely to nature when he is sick, runs a great
+risk; but he who puts himself in the hands of a physician runs a still
+greater: of the two, nature would seem the better nurse, for she will,
+at all events, act honestly, and can have no possible interest in
+tampering with disease.
+
+A great idea may be thus defined:--it gives us the perception of many
+others, and it discovers to us all at once what we could only have
+arrived at by a course of reading or inquiry.
+
+We are told to place no faith in appearances, yet it will be found a
+wiser course to judge from the human countenance rather than the human
+voice: most men place a guard over their words and their actions, but
+very few can blind the expression that is conveyed by the features.
+
+To assist our fellow-creatures is the noblest privilege of mortality: it
+is, in some sort, forestalling the bounty of Providence.
+
+There is no doubt that memory, although it may be cultivated, is
+originally a gift of nature; so, also, application must be regarded as a
+natural endowment; for there are some men, however well disposed, who
+can never bring themselves to grapple closely with any thing.
+
+It has been suggested that man has no real necessity for clothing. All
+other creatures are furnished with every necessary for their existence,
+and it is improbable one nobler than them all should be left in a
+defective condition: there are some nations, in severer climates than
+ours, who have no notion of clothing; and, even in civilized life, the
+most tender parts of the body are constantly exposed, as the face, neck,
+&c.
+
+It is the temper of a blade that must be the proof of a good sword, and
+not the gilding of the hilt or the richness of the scabbard; so it is
+not his grandeur and possessions that make a man considerable, but his
+intrinsic merit.
+
+F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE KNIGHT'S RETURN.
+
+FROM THE GERMAN.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+
+  "Page, what sound mine ears is greeting,
+    Whence the lime-trees wave in pride?"
+  "'Tis, sir knight, the herds that bleating,
+    Wander o'er the mountain's side."
+
+  "Say, my page, what means this singing?
+    Notes so sad, some ill betide;"
+  "In the village, crowds are bringing
+    From the chapel, home a bride."
+
+  "Say then, why so slowly passes
+    Yon dark-rob'd and silent train?"
+  "From the saying bridal-masses,
+    Monks are coming o'er the plain."
+
+  "Speak then, why I now behold it;
+    Whence yon banner's milk-white hue?"
+  "Ask no further, they unfold it
+    To the bride an honour due."
+
+  "Say, my page, what means that writing
+    Graven on yon marble-stone?"
+  "'Tis the youth and maiden plighting
+    Love to one, and one alone."
+
+  "How, my page, that name the dearest?
+    See, and true its meaning tell."
+  "Know, and tremble as thou hearest,
+    "'Twas for secret love she fell."
+
+  "What! my page, if thus 'tis written,
+    If for love she dar'd to die,
+  Bertha dead! if thus 'tis written,
+    As she perish'd, so will _I_."
+
+H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SCOTCH ECONOMY.
+
+(_To the Editor._)
+
+
+The amusing letter of _S.S._ in No. 536, of _The Mirror_, has but so
+very recently met my eyes, that I have been obliged unavoidably to allow
+some weeks to elapse ere I noticed it. Indeed, to advert to it at all, I
+should not have considered necessary, but that your correspondent seems
+to imply a doubt as to the accuracy of my assertion, in the article
+"Shavings," (vide No. 533, p. 83.) Permit me, for the satisfaction of
+your readers to state, that I was no "flying tourist," when the fact of
+a very considerable waste of fuel in Edinburgh, (fuel which would, I
+thought, sell in England, if not wanted in Scotland,) came repeatedly, I
+may say, almost daily, under my own personal observation. A residence of
+two years in Edinburgh (yes, it certainly was "the Scottish capital,"
+for I had previously resided during a longer period in the Irish one,)
+enabled me to state what I then beheld, with a scrutiny which certainly
+would not have been warranted by a mere casual visit of two days, two
+weeks, or two months; that the circumstance should have irritated _S.S._
+I cannot consider any fault of mine; my statement was correct. The
+possibility of Irish labourers being employed to build in Scotland, as
+they are very generally in England, does not seem to have occurred to
+your correspondent; I confess it did to me, but considered, to mention
+it in my trifling "Domestic Hint," quite unnecessary, since, had their
+wastefulness been hitherto unknown to their employers, it might
+henceforth, if they pleased "to take a hint," be by them materially
+checked. In days when the complaint of poverty is universal, when the
+working classes find it difficult to carry on any employment which shall
+bring them bread, and when thousands wander over the united kingdom with
+no apparent means of subsistence, I did not imagine that a "Hint," as to
+a possible source of emolument (were it confined but to half a dozen
+individuals) to the poor, would be considered a meet subject for
+ridicule. I said, or intended to say, if shavings and loose chippings of
+wood are of little value for fuel in Scotland, they are acceptable in
+England; and why, if the proprietors of new houses choose during their
+erection, to save the fuel they produce, and of which I repeat I have
+seen vast quantities burnt, and bestow it as a charity on such persons
+as might think it worth acceptance for sale, "over the Border;" why they
+should not do so, I have yet to learn.[5] However, waiving this scheme,
+which _S.S._ may be inclined to think rather Utopian, and conceding,
+that if Scotland needs not for fuel, her refuse chips and shavings, they
+would not answer in that light as a marketable commodity in the sister
+country, still wood and wood-ashes have become of late years, agents so
+valuable and important in chemistry, and other sciences and arts, as to
+furnish another, and all-sufficient reason why no reckless destruction
+should be allowed of an article, every species of which may be rendered,
+under some modification, of utility.
+
+
+    [5] Has Scotland no paupers to whom the gift of wood fuel might
+        prove acceptable, in spite of peat? We have in England abundance
+        of wood, yet our own poor are distressed for it, glad to pick up
+        sticks for firing, and often steal it from fences, &c. in their
+        necessity, and the gift of wood is to them a charity, as well as
+        that of coals. Why should aught that could he made of use, be
+        wantonly destroyed? It is contrary to Scripture; it is in
+        opposition to common sense.
+
+
+Respecting the well preserved eggs of Scotland; though _S.S._ is
+probably aware of the circumstance, yet some of your readers may not be,
+their sale in England (and indeed I have understood America) brings her
+in no inconsiderable profit. In this country they arrive, and I have my
+account from an eye-witness, in large deal boxes, most curiously packed,
+relying solely on each other for support; since, set up perpendicularly
+on their ends, with no straw, heather, saw-dust, or any other material
+to fill the interstices between them, the fate of every box of this
+fragile ware depends, during its journey and unlading, on the safety or
+fracture of a single egg; but such is the nicety and compactness of
+their packing, that rarely, if ever, an accident occurs.
+
+M.L.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PRICE OF TEA.
+
+(_To the Editor_.)
+
+
+As I have been a subscriber to _The Mirror_ from its commencement, and
+very frequently refer to its pages with much pleasure and profit, I hope
+I may be allowed to correct a statement made in No. 541, p. 222, under
+the article _Tea_. It is said that the profit of one pound to sell at
+7_s_. is 2_s_. 2_d_.
+
+
+                    _s. d._
+  Thus, cost price   2  5
+  Duty               2  5
+  Profit             2  2
+                     ____
+                     7  0
+
+
+In all retail houses of any respectability in the Tea trade, I am sure
+that Tea costing 2_s_. 5_d_. at the sale is never sold above 6_s_. per
+lb. and in five out of six shops of the above description 5_s_. 4_d_.
+and 5_s_. 6_d_. is the utmost price demanded for such Tea. I and my
+family have been in the trade, in one house, considerably more than half
+a century, and I can assure you, that from 6_d_. to 8_d_. per lb. is the
+present retail profit upon Tea sold at the East India Company's sales,
+under 3_s_. per lb.
+
+S.
+
+In reply to this note, the authenticity of which we do not question,
+we can only refer the writer to our distinct quotation from "the
+evidence of Mr. Mills, a Tea Broker, before the House of Lords.' In our
+15th volume, No. 414, p. 104, the proportion of profit is differently
+stated from an article in the _Quarterly Review_. A pound of 11_s_.
+
+Hyson
+
+
+                                    _s. d._
+  Costs at the Company's Sale        4  4
+  King's Duty                        4  4
+                                     ____
+                                     8  8
+  Retailer's profit, brokerage, &c.  2  4
+                                    _____
+                                    11  0
+
+
+We have often received from one of the most extensively dealing retail
+Tea-dealers in the metropolis, an assurance, similar to that of our
+correspondent, _S_. so that we do not require the substantiation he
+proffers.--_Ed. M_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+The Naturalist.
+
+GLEANINGS IN NATURAL HISTORY.
+
+
+Observers of Nature seem to be just now appreciating the observation of
+the benevolent _Gilbert White_, of Selborne, who lived and died in the
+last century: "that if stationary men would pay some attention to the
+districts on which they reside, and would publish their thoughts
+respecting the objects that surround them, from such materials might be
+drawn the most complete county histories." Accordingly, a little system
+of rural philosophy has been founded upon the best of all bases,
+home-observation, and such books as have resulted from these labours,
+promise to make the study of Nature more popular than will all the
+Zoological, Botanical, and Geological Societies of Europe. Among these
+works we include the cheap reprint of the _Natural History of Selborne_;
+Mr. Rennie's delightful observations which are scattered through the
+Zoological volumes of the _Library of Entertaining Knowledge_; but more
+especially the _Journal of a Naturalist_, published by Mr. Leonard
+Knapp, about three years since, and stated by the author to have
+originated in his admiration of Mr. White's _Selborne_. The volume
+before us is the result of a congenial feeling, and is written by Edward
+Jesse, Esq., deputy surveyor of his majesty's parks, by means of which
+appointment he must have possessed peculiar opportunities and facilities
+of observation, as is evident in the local recollections throughout his
+volume. Thus, we find miscellaneous particulars of the Royal Parks and
+Forests, and from the writer's residence on the bank of the Thames, (we
+conclude, near Bushy Park,) a few Maxims for an Angler. The whole is a
+very charming _melange_, with a most discursive arrangement, it is true,
+but never falling into dulness, or tiring the reader with too minute
+detail. We intend, therefore, to range through the volume, and gather a
+few of its most interesting gleanings to our garner.
+
+Our author thinks he has discovered the use for the remarkable and,
+indeed, what appears disproportionate length, of the
+
+
+Claws of the Skylark.
+
+"That they were not intended to enable the bird to search the earth for
+food, or to fix itself more securely on the branches of trees, is
+evident, as they neither scratch the ground nor roost on trees. The lark
+makes its nest generally in grass fields, where it is liable to be
+injured either by cattle grazing over it, or by the mower. In case of
+alarm from either these or other causes, the parent birds remove their
+eggs, by means of their long claws, to a place of greater security; and
+this transportation I have observed to be effected in a very short space
+of time. By placing a lark's egg, which is rather large in proportion to
+the size of the bird, in the foot, and then drawing the claws over it,
+you will perceive that they are of sufficient length to secure the egg
+firmly, and by this means the bird is enabled to convey its eggs to
+another place, where she can sit upon and hatch them. When one of my
+mowers first told me that he had observed the fact, I was somewhat
+disinclined to credit it; but I have since ascertained it beyond a
+doubt, and now mention it as another strong proof of that order in the
+economy of Nature, by means of which this affectionate bird is enabled
+to secure its forthcoming offspring. I call it affectionate, because few
+birds show a stronger attachment to their young."
+
+
+Instinct allied to reason.
+
+Several interesting anecdotes are quoted to show that there is something
+more than mere instinct, which influences the conduct of some animals.
+Bees and spiders afford many traits, but we quote the elephant and
+parrot:
+
+"I was one day feeding the poor elephant (who was so barbarously put to
+death at Exeter 'Change) with potatoes, which he took out of my hand.
+One of them, a round one, fell on the floor, just out of the reach of
+his proboscis. He leaned against his wooden bar, put out his trunk, and
+could just touch the potato, but could not pick it up. After several
+ineffectual efforts, he at last _blew_ the potato against the opposite
+wall with sufficient force to make it rebound, and he then, without
+difficulty, secured it. Now it is quite clear, I think, that instinct
+never taught the elephant to procure his food in this manner; and it
+must, therefore, have been reason, or some intellectual faculty, which
+enabled him to be so good a judge of cause and effect. Indeed, the
+_reflecting_ power of some animals is quite extraordinary. I had a dog
+who was much attached to me, and who, in consequence of his having been
+tied up on a Sunday morning, to prevent his accompanying me to church,
+would conceal himself in good time on that day, and I was sure to find
+him either at the entrance of the church, or if he could get in, under
+the place where I usually sat.
+
+"I have been often much delighted with watching the manner in which some
+of the old bucks in Bushy Park contrive to get the berries from the fine
+thorn-trees there. They will raise themselves on their hind legs, give a
+spring, entangle their horns in the lower branches of the tree, give
+them one or two shakes, which make some of the berries full, and they
+will then quietly pick them up.
+
+"A strong proof of intellect was given in the case of Colonel O'Kelly's
+parrot. When the colonel and his parrot were at Brighton, the bird was
+asked to sing; he answered 'I can't,' Another time he left off in the
+middle of a tune, and said, 'I have forgot.' Colonel O'Kelly continued
+the tune for a few notes; the parrot took it up where the Colonel had
+left off. The parrot took up the bottom of a lady's petticoat, and said
+'What a pretty foot!' The parrot seeing the family at breakfast said,
+'Won't you give some breakfast to Poll?' The company teazed and mopped
+him a good deal; he said 'I don't like it.'--(From a Memorandum found
+amongst the late Earl of Guildford's Papers.)"
+
+
+Eels.
+
+Several pages are devoted to the economy of these curious creatures, and
+as many points of their history are warmly contested, Mr. Jesse's
+experience is valuable.
+
+"That they do wander[6] from one place to another is evident, as I am
+assured that they have been found in ponds in Richmond Park, which had
+been previously cleaned out and mudded, and into which no water could
+run except from the springs which supplied it.[7] An annual migration of
+young eels takes place in the River Thames in the month of May, and they
+have generally made their appearance at Kingston, in their way upwards,
+about the second week in that month, and accident has so determined it,
+that, for several years together it was remarked that the 10th of May
+was the day of what the fishermen call eel-fair; but they have been more
+irregular in their proceedings since the interruption of the lock at
+Teddington. These young eels are about two inches in length, and they
+make their approach in one regular and undeviating column of about five
+inches in breadth, and as thick together as it is possible for them to
+be. As the procession generally lasts two or three days, and as they
+appear to move at the rate of nearly two miles and a half an hour, some
+idea may be formed of their enormous number.
+
+    [6] From the following lines of Oppian, the rambling spirit of
+        eels seems to have been known to the ancients--
+
+                        The wandering eel,
+        Oft to the neighbouring beach will silent steal"
+
+    [7] I have been informed, upon the authority of a nobleman well
+        known for his attachment to field sports, that, if an eel is
+        found on land, its head is invariably turned towards the sea,
+        for which it is always observed to make in the most direct line
+        possible. If this information is correct (and there seems to be
+        no reason to doubt it.) it shows that the eel, like the swallow,
+        is possessed of a strong migratory instinct. May we not suppose
+        that the swallow, like the eel, performs its migrations in the
+        same undeviating course?
+
+
+"Eels feed on almost all animal substances, whether dead or living. It
+is well known that they devour the young of all water-fowl that are not
+too large for them. Mr. Bingley states, that he saw exposed for sale at
+Retford, in Nottinghamshire, a quantity of eels that would have filled a
+couple of wheelbarrows, the whole of which had been taken out of the
+body of a dead horse, thrown into a ditch near one of the adjacent
+villages; and a friend of mine saw the body of a man taken out of the
+Serpentine River in Hyde Park, where it had been some time, and from
+which a large eel crawled out. The winter retreat of eels is very
+curious. They not only get deep into the mud, but in Bushy Park, where
+the mud in the ponds is not very deep, and what there is, is of a sandy
+nature, the eels make their way under the banks of the ponds, and have
+been found knotted together in a large mass. Eels vary much in size in
+different waters. The largest I ever caught was in Richmond Park, and it
+weighed five pounds, but some are stated to have been caught in Ireland
+which weighed from fifteen to twenty pounds. Seven pounds is, I believe,
+no unusual size. The large ones are extremely strong and muscular.
+Fishing one day at Pain's Hill, near Cobham, in Surrey, I hooked an eel
+amongst some weeds, but before I could land him, he had so twisted a new
+strong double wire, to which the hook was fixed, that he broke it and
+made his escape."
+
+Sir Humphry Davy's opinions respecting eels are quoted from his
+_Salmonia_:[8] Mr. Jesse adds:
+
+
+    [8] See MIRROR, vol. xii. p. 253.
+
+
+"It is with considerable diffidence that one would venture to differ in
+opinion with Sir Humphry Davy, but I cannot help remarking, that, as
+eels are now known to migrate _from_ fresh water, as was shown in the
+case of the Richmond Park ponds, this restless propensity may arise from
+their impatience of the greater degree of warmth in those ponds in the
+month of May, and not from their wish to get into water still warmer, as
+suggested by Sir Humphry Davy. Very large eels are certainly found in
+rivers, the Thames and Mole for instance, where I have seen them so that
+they must either have remained in them, or have returned from the sea,
+which Sir H. Davy thinks they never do, though I should add, that the
+circumstance already related of so many large eels being seen dead or
+dying during a hot summer, near the Nore, would appear to confirm his
+assertion. If eels are oviparous, as Sir Humphry Davy thinks they are,
+would not the ova have been found, especially in the conger,--many of
+which are taken and brought to our markets, frequently of a very large
+size? It does not appear, however, that any of the fringes along the
+air-bladder have ever arrived at such a size and appearance as to have
+justified any one in the supposition that they were ovaria, though, as
+has been stated, distinguished naturalists, from the time of Aristotle
+to the present moment, have been endeavouring to ascertain this fact.
+Since the above was written, I have been shown ova in the lamprey, and
+what appeared to have been melt taken from a conger eel, at a
+fishmonger's in Bond-street. These specimens were preserved by Mr.
+Yarrell, of Little Ryder-street, St. James's, who had the kindness to
+open two eels, sent to him from Scotland, in my presence, and in which
+the fringes were very perceptible, though they were without any ova.
+That ingenious and indefatigable naturalist is, however, of opinion that
+eels are oviparous, though he failed in producing proof that the common
+eels were so.
+
+"In further proof, however, of eels being viviparous, it may be added
+(if the argument of analogy applies in this case), that the animalculae
+of paste eels are decidedly viviparous. Mr. Bingley also, in his animal
+biography, says that eels are viviparous. Blumenbach says, too, that
+'according to the most correct observations they are certainly
+viviparous.' He adds also, that, the eel is so tenacious of life, that
+its heart, when removed from the body, retains its irritability for
+forty hours afterwards."
+
+We are not inclined to attach very considerable importance to Mr.
+Bingley's experience, much as we admire his entertaining _Animal
+Biography_: we believe him to be classed among book-naturalists, and he
+wrote this work many years since.
+
+(_To be continued_.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+QUEEN ANNE'S SPRING, NEAR ETON.
+
+
+[Illustration: Queen Anne's Spring, near Eton.]
+
+
+(_From a Correspondent_.)
+
+The accompanying sketch represents a sequestered spot of sylvan shade
+whence rises a Spring which tradition designates Queen Anne's. Here the
+limpid crystal flows in gentle, yet ceaseless streams, conveying "Health
+to the sick and solace to the swain."
+
+It has some claims to antiquity; and its merits have been appreciated by
+royalty. Queen Anne was the first august personage who had recourse to
+it; in later times, Queen Charlotte for many years had the pure element
+conveyed to her royal abode at Windsor, and in 1785, a stone, with a
+cipher and date, was placed there by her illustrious consort, George
+III. This spring is situate at Chalvey, (a village between Eton and Salt
+Hill,) on the property of J. Mason, Esq., Cippenham. It was the
+observation of the esteemed and celebrated Dr. Heberdeen, that it but
+required a physician to write a treatise on the water, to render it as
+efficacious as Malvern.
+
+URANIA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Spirit Of The Public Journals.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+STATE OF MAGIC IN EGYPT, BY AN EYE-WITNESS.
+
+
+At the Consul General's table, in Egypt, in August, 1822, the
+conversation turned on the belief in magic; and the Consul's Italian
+Staff propounded the following story, which seemed to have perfect
+possession of their best belief. They said that a magician of great name
+was then in Cairo--I think a Mogrebine; and that he had been sent for to
+the Consul's house, and put to the following proof:--A silver spoon had
+been lost, and he was invited to point out the thief. On arriving, he
+sent for an Arab boy at hazard out of the street, and after various
+ceremonies, poured ink into the boy's hand, into which the boy was to
+look. It was stated, that he asked the boy what he saw, and the boy
+answered, "_I see a little man_,"--Tell him to bring a flag,--"_Now he
+has brought a flag_."--Tell him to bring another.--"_Now he has brought
+another_."--Tell him to bring a third,--"_Now he has brought it_."--Tell
+him to bring a fourth.--"_He has brought it_."--Tell him to bring the
+captain of them all.--"_I see a great Sheik on horseback_."--Tell him to
+bring the man that stole the spoon.--"_Now he has brought him_."--What
+is he like?--"_He is a Frangi, poor-looking and mesquin_." After which
+followed other points of personal description not remembered; but which
+drew from the Staff the observation, that a European of exactly those
+qualities had been about the house. We expressed our desire to be
+introduced to the magician, and the Consul gravely intimated it might
+hurt the prejudices of his wife, as being a Catholic; to the great mirth
+of the beautiful Consuless when she was told of it, who, though a
+Catholic and an Italian, declared she was the only person in the family
+that set all the magicians in Egypt at defiance.
+
+Having some time afterwards established ourselves in a house of our own,
+on the edge of the garden of the Austrian Consulate (as I remember by
+the token that a Turkish officer who had been taking his evening walk of
+meditation, very gravely opened the window from the garden, put in first
+one leg of his huge trousers and then the other, and strode into the
+room followed by his pipe-bearer, as being the shortest cut into the
+street; though I must do him the justice to say he laughed and was very
+conversable, when I brought him up with a salam and a cup of coffee, by
+way of demonstrating there was somebody in the house besides the Arab
+owner), we sent for the magician. I remember a well-dressed personable
+man, of what, after the fashion of the nomenclature in the Chamber of
+Deputies, might be called the young middle-age. He agreed to show us a
+specimen of his art, though I do not recollect that the nature of it was
+defined. He fixed upon our little boy of seven years old to be his
+instrument; and I remember he talked some nonsense about requiring an
+innocent agent, and how a woman might do as well, if she could plead the
+innocent presence of the unborn. He dispatched a servant into the bazar,
+to procure frankincense and other things which he directed; and on their
+being produced we all retired into a room, and closed the doors and
+windows. An earthen pot was placed in the middle of the floor,
+containing fire, and the magician sat down by it. He placed the little
+boy before him, and poured ink into the hollow of the boy's hand, and
+bid him look into it steadily. I think the mother rather quailed, at
+seeing her child in such propinquity with "the Enemy;" but recovered
+herself on being exhorted to defy the devil and all his works. And the
+thing was not entirely without danger from another quarter; for it was
+understood the Pasha had directed a special edict against all dealing
+with familiar spirits; and the Pasha's edicts were not altogether to be
+trifled with, as we knew from the mishap of a poor Indian servant, who
+was caught in the bazar in the fact of taking thirteen of the Pasha's
+tin piasters in change for a dollar, when the political economy of Cairo
+had decreed that twelve were to be equal in public estimation, and was
+immediately incarcerated in the place of skulls, or at least of heads,
+from which it is supposed he would have come out shorn of his beard and
+the chin it grew from, if the Consular cocked hat and Abyssinian charger
+had not proceeded at a gallop to the Court at Shubra, to claim him as a
+subject of the British crown; and much did poor Baloo vow, that no
+earthly temptation should take him again to quit the gentle rule of the
+old Lady in Leadenhall-street, who, though she pinches a Peishwa and
+mercilessly screws a renter when it suits her, it must be allowed has a
+reverent care for the heads of all her lieges, and gives them a fair
+chance of going to their graves with the members nature had bestowed on
+them.
+
+_Hisce positis_, as the logicians say, the magician began his process.
+The boy was innocent of fear; being in fact a person rather perplexed
+and imperfect in those parts of theology that should have caused him to
+feel alarm. His native nurse first taught him to kiss his hand to the
+moon walking in brightness; which, being especially reprobated in the
+book of Job, we persuaded him to renounce. We next found him making
+salams as he passed the fat old gentleman with an elephant's head, and
+other foul idolatries bedaubed with rose-pink and butter, that show
+themselves on various milestone-like appurtenances to an Indian road.
+After his visit to the Persian Gulph he leaned more towards monotheism;
+and I once found him seated between two guns on the quarter-deck of an
+Arab frigate, in the midst of a fry of devotees of little more than his
+own age, busily engaged in chanting canticles in praise of Mohammed the
+"amber-_ee_." His early leaning towards the ugly gods of Hindoston, had
+made it a delicate matter to introduce him to our Evil Principle; and
+the fact was, that when he afterwards saw the Freischutz in England, we
+had no means of making him comprehend the nature of the crimson fiend,
+but by telling him he was a relation of his old elephant-headed friend
+Gunputty. On the whole I imagine there never was a better subject to
+cope with a sorcerer; and when he asked the cause of the immediate
+preparations we told him the man was going to show some feats of
+legerdemain such as he used to see in India. The magician began by
+throwing grains of incense upon the fire, bowing with a seesaw motion
+and repeating "_Heyya hadji Capitan, Heyya hadji Capitan;_" which being
+interpreted, if it was intended to have any meaning, would appear to
+imply "_Hurra, pilgrim Captain!_" being, as I understood it at the time,
+an invocation by his style and title, of the spirit he wished to see.
+When nothing came, he increased his zeal after the manner of a priest of
+Baal, and seemed determined that if the "Captain" was sleeping or on a
+journey, he should not be missed for want of calling. One slight
+_variorum_ reading I observed. Instead of saying to the boy "What do you
+see?" as had been reported--he said "_Do you see a little man?_" which,
+if he had been accessible to fear or phantasy, was manifestly telling
+him what he was to look for. The boy, however, resolutely declared he
+saw nothing; and the sorcerer continued his calls upon his spirit. When
+in this manner curiosity had been roused to something like expectation,
+the boy suddenly exclaimed, "I see something!"--_Tremor occupat
+artis;_--when he quashed it all by adding, "I see my nose." By the dim
+light of the fire, he had succeeded in getting a glimpse of his own
+countenance reflected in the ink. The magician doubled his exertions by
+way of carrying the thing off; but there was much less gravity in his
+audience afterwards; and at last he was forced to declare that the
+spirit would not come, and the reason he believed was because we were
+Christians. He said, however, if an Arab boy was substituted the spirit
+would come. A servant therefore was sent out to bring a boy by the offer
+of a piastre, and one was soon produced. Whether there was any
+confederacy or not, I had no precise means to ascertain; but I was
+inclined to think not. The Arab boy was trusted with the ink in place of
+the European, and on the magician's asking him the leading question "Do
+you see a little man?" he took but one look and answered "Yes." The
+orders then followed "Tell him to bring a flag." &c. to all of which,
+whether operated on by some dread of refusing, or by the natural
+inclination of one rogue to help another, he duly answered that the
+thing was done. I do not remember any further _denoument_ that there
+was; and so ended the magic of the magician of Grand Cairo.
+
+Being disappointed in this experiment, we began to seek for the
+opportunity of making others, and offered a reward for any person who
+would show us a specimen of imp or spirit. One man was produced, who was
+stated to be of considerable fame. He said he would show me a spirit;
+but I must go out with him three nights running to a cross road at
+midnight, and perform divers ceremonies and lustrations which he
+proceeded to describe. I believe he he had got an inkling, that I
+intended to leave Cairo the next day. I told him, however, that I would
+cheerfully go through any ceremonies he might propose. He next said, it
+would be necessary that I should repeat the name of the spirit I called
+for, eleven thousand times; and this I assured him I would painfully
+perform. He then said, he was afraid at my age the operation would be
+dangerous. I wonder whether the rogue meant that I was too young, or too
+old, or too middle-aged; for I was exactly thirty-eight. Seeing that I
+only pressed him the more, he took his fee and walked off, intimating
+that there was no use in doing these things with Frangis.
+
+I saw another instance in Cairo, of the way in which a story accumulates
+by telling, and the degree in which even sensible Europeans by long
+residence are induced to give into the beliefs they find around them.
+The conversation turned one day on the power of charming serpents,
+supposed to be inherent in certain descendants of the _Psylli_. One of
+the Consular Staff immediately declared, that a most remarkable instance
+of the fact had happened in the Consul-General's own courtyard the day
+before. That one of those gifted men had come into the yard, and
+declared he knew by his art that there were serpents in the stable; and
+that he had immediately gone and summoned forth two snakes of the most
+poisonous kind, which he seized in his hands and brought, in the
+presence of the relator, to the Consular threshold. Now it happened to
+me to see the whole of this scene. I was wandering about the Consul's
+court, gazing at the curiosities scattered around, enough to have set up
+any European museum with an Egyptian branch, and particularly, I
+remember, at a lame mummy's crutch, found with him in his coffin, on
+which it is possible the original owner hopped away from the plague of
+frogs. An old rural Arab of respectable appearance was standing at the
+Consul's door, holding in his hand the crooked stick which an Arab keeps
+to recover the halter of his camel if he happens to lose it while
+mounted, and presenting altogether a parallel to a substantial yeoman
+with his riding-whip, come to town to do a little justice business with
+the Mayor. A stable-keeper came and said, that two snakes had made their
+appearance in the stable; on which the Arab, being no more in the habit
+of fearing such vermin than a European farmer of fearing rats, proceeded
+towards the stable, and I followed him. Sure enough there were two
+snakes in dalliance in the horse's stall; and my construction was, that
+it was the poor animals' St. Valentine. The Arab, however, ruthlessly
+smote them with his gib stick, in a way that showed an exact
+comprehension of what would settle a snake; and brought them hanging by
+the tails and still writhing with the remains of life, and laid them at
+the threshold of the house. I looked at the snakes, and felt a strong
+persuasion that they were of a harmless kind; but whether they were or
+not, was of small moment as the Arab treated them.
+
+I remember in India once driving one of the snake-jugglers to discovery.
+He told the servants there were snakes in the stable; and offered to
+produce one. He accordingly went, with piping and other ceremonies, and
+soon demonstrated a goodly _cobra de capello_ struggling by the tail. He
+secured this in his repertory of snakes, and said he thought there was
+another; on which he went through the same operations again. Though he
+had been too quick for me on both occasions, I offered him a rupee to
+produce a third, which he agreed to; and this time I saw the snake's
+head, struggling rather oddly in his nether garments. He ran into the
+horse's stall, rushed forward with a shriek to distract attention, and
+then I saw him jerk out a snake of some four feet long, and drag it
+backwards by the tip of the tail as if desperately afraid of it. Knowing
+his snakes must be an exhaustible quantity, I proffered a second rupee
+for another, taking care to keep between him and the snake-basket; which
+he declined. But on turning round and giving him a chance to communicate
+with his receptacle, he quickly presented himself with the assurance
+that now he thought he knew where a serpent might be lodged. The Indian
+servants all devoutly believed in his skill; but it is impossible not to
+be ashamed of Europeans, who adorn their books with marks of similar
+gullibility.--_Abridged from Tait's Edinburgh Mag._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Notes of a Reader
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+RECREATIONS IN THE LAW.
+
+
+Gentle reader, we are not about to direct your notice to the Temple
+Gardens, the olden feasts in our Law Halls--through which men ate their
+way to eminence--nor to prove that looking to a Chancellorship is
+woolgathering--nor to invite you to the shrubby groves of Lincoln's Inn,
+or to promenade with the spirit of BACON in Gray's Inn. All these may be
+pleasurable occupations; but there is mirth in store in the _study_ of
+the Law itself, which is not "dull and crabbed as some fools (or knaves)
+suppose."
+
+In a recent _Mirror_, (No. 540) this may have been made manifest to the
+reader in the Legal Rhymes, quoted by our correspondent, _W.A.R.;_[9]
+but lo! here is a volume of evidence in "_The Cenveyancer's Guide;_" a
+Poem, by John Crisp, Esq., of Furnival's Inn; in which the art of
+Conveyancing is sung in Hudibrastic verse, and said in notes of pleasant
+prose. Happy are we to see Mr. Crisp's volume in a third edition, since
+we opine from this success the bright moments of relief which his Muse
+may have shed upon the _viginti annorum lucubrutiones_ of thousands
+of students. We have not space for quotations from the poem itself, in
+which _Doe_ and _Roe_ figure as heroes, with their occasional
+friend Thomas Stiles. We can only say their movements are sung with the
+terseness and point which we so much admire in the great originals, so
+as to make men acknowledge there is good in every thing. Our extracts
+are from the Introduction and Notes. First is
+
+
+A LEGAL GLEE.
+
+  "A woman having a settlement,
+    Married a man with none,
+  The question was, he being dead,
+    If that she had was gone.
+  Quoth _Sir John Pratt_, her settlement
+    Suspended did remain,
+  Living the husband--but him dead,
+    It doth revive again.
+
+
+            "CHORUS OF PUISNE JUDGES.
+         "Living the husband--but him dead,
+                It doth revive again."
+
+
+    [9] ERRATA in one of our correspondent's "Legal
+
+          for "six beaches," read "six braches."
+          for "book ycleped," read "_bock ylered_."
+          for "token" read "_teken_."
+          for "Hamelyn" read "_Howelin_."
+
+        Corrected from Blount's _Tenures_, p. 665, ed. 1815.
+
+
+A print of Westminster Hall, by Mosely, from a drawing made by Gravelot,
+who died in 1773, bears the following versified inscription:--
+
+
+  "When fools fall out, for ev'ry flaw,
+  They run horn mad to go to law,
+  A hedge awry, a wrong plac'd gate,
+  Will serve to spend a whole estate.
+  Your case the lawyer says is good,
+  And justice cannot he withstood;
+  By tedious process from above,
+  From office they to office move,
+  Thro' pleas, demurrers, the dev'l and all,
+  At length they bring it to the _Hall_;
+  The dreadful hall by Rufus rais'd,
+  For lofty Gothick arches prais'd.
+
+  "The _first of Term_, the fatal day,
+  Doth various images convey;
+  First, from the courts with clam'rous bawl,
+  The _criers_ their _attornies_ call;
+  One of the gown discreet and wise,
+  By _proper_ means his witness tries;
+  From _Wreathock's_ gang, not right or laws,
+  H' assures his trembling client's cause.
+  _This_ gnaws his haudkerchies, whilst _that_
+  Gives the kind ogling nymph his hat;
+  Here one in love with choristers,
+  Minds singing more than law affairs.
+  A _Serjeant_ limping on behind,
+  Shews justice lame as well as blind.
+  To gain new clients some dispute,
+  Others protract an ancient suit,
+  Jargon and noise alone prevail,
+  Whilst sense and reason's sure to fail:
+  At _Babel_ thus _law terms_ begun,
+  And now at West----er go on."
+
+
+At page 24, of the Poem, there is a happy allusion to the permanence or
+lasting of a limitation:
+
+
+  "But if the limitation's made
+  So long as cheating's us'd in trade,
+  Or vice prevails: 'tis then a fee,
+  As good as ever need to be:
+  For tho' 'tis base instead of pure,
+  Alas it ever will endure."
+
+
+Upon this passage is the following confirmative note: "Cheating will
+always prevail, in defiance of all human laws, for it cannot be avoided,
+but so long as contracts be suffered, many offences shall follow
+thereby."--(_Doctor and Student_, c. 3.) In buying and selling, the law
+of nations connives at some cunning and overreaching in respect of the
+price. By the civil law, a just price is said to be that, whereby
+neither the buyer nor seller is injured above one moiety of the true and
+common value; and in this case the person injured shall not be relieved
+by rescinding the sale, for he must impute it to his own imprudence and
+indiscretion.
+
+The origin of _Fee-tail estates_:
+
+
+    "The expression, fee-tail, was borrowed from the feudists, among
+    whom it signified any mutilated or truncated inheritance from which
+    the heirs general were cut off, being derived from the barbarous
+    word _taliare_ to cut.--(2 _Blac. Comm_. 112.)
+
+
+_Fines and Recoveries (as fund and refund_,) are like the poles, arctic
+and attractive. Of the latter is the following _quid-pro-quo_ anecdote:
+
+
+    "A physician of an acrimonious disposition, and having a thorough
+    hatred of lawyers, was in company with a barrister, and in the
+    course of conversation, reproached the profession of the latter with
+    the use of phrases utterly unintelligible. 'For example,' said he,
+    'I never could understand what you lawyers mean by docking an
+    entail.' 'That is very likely,' answered the lawyer, 'but I will
+    explain it to you; it is doing what you doctors never consent
+    to--_suffering a recovery_.'
+
+
+Among the notes to _Rights and Titles_ is the following:
+
+
+    "Master _Mason_, of _Trinity College_, sent his pupil to another of
+    the fellows to borrow a book of him, who told him, 'I am loth to
+    lend books out of my chamber, but if it please thy tutor to come and
+    read upon it in my chamber, he shall as long as he will.' It was
+    winter, and some days after the same fellow sent to Mr. _Mason_ to
+    borrow his bellows, but Mr. _Mason_ said to his pupil, 'I am loth to
+    lend my bellows out of my chamber, but if thy tutor would come and
+    blow the fire in my chamber, he shall as long as he will.'
+
+
+In the next page is a note on the _Nature of Property_, in the
+perspicuous style of a master-mind:
+
+
+    "There is nothing which so generally strikes the imagination, and
+    engages the affections of mankind, as the right of property; or that
+    sole and despotic dominion which one man claims and exercises over
+    the external things of the world, in total exclusion of the right of
+    any other individual in the universe. And yet there are very few
+    that will give themselves the trouble to consider the original and
+    foundation of this right. Pleased as we are with the possession, we
+    seem afraid to look back to the means by which it was acquired, as
+    if fearful of some defect in our title; or at best we rest satisfied
+    with the decision of the laws in our favour, without examining the
+    reason and authority upon which those laws have been built. We think
+    it enough that our title is derived by the grant of the former
+    proprietor, by descent from our ancestors, or by the last will and
+    testament of the dying owner; not caring to reflect that (accurately
+    and strictly speaking) there is no foundation in nature, or in
+    natural law, why a set of words upon parchment should convey the
+    dominion of land; why the son should have a right to exclude his
+    fellow creature from a determinate spot of ground, because his
+    father had so done before him; or why the occupier of a particular
+    field, or of a jewel, when lying on his death bed, and no longer
+    able to maintain possession, should be entitled to tell the rest
+    of the world which of them should enjoy it after him.--(2 _Blac.
+    Comm._ 2)
+
+    "The _two sheriff's of London_ are the _one sheriff of Middlesex_;
+    thus constituting in the latter case, what may be denominated, in
+    the words of _George Colman the Younger_, (see his address to the
+    Reviewers, in his _vagaries_,) 'a plural unit.' Henry the First,
+    in the same charter by which he declared and confirmed the
+    privileges of the City of _London_, (and among others, that of
+    choosing their own sheriffs,) conferred on them, in consideration of
+    an annual rent of 300_l._, to be paid to his majesty and his
+    successors for ever, the perpetual sheriffalty of _Middlesex_. This
+    was an enormous price; 300_l._. in those days were equal to more
+    than three times as many thousands at the present time.
+
+
+Here is a lively commentary upon the _Inclosure Acts_:
+
+
+    "To a pamphlet which was published some years ago, against the
+    propriety of enclosing _Waltham Forest_, the following quaint motto
+    was prefixed:
+
+
+      "The fault is great in man or woman,
+      Who steals a goose from off a common,
+      But who can plead that man's excuse,
+      Who steals the common from the goose?"
+
+
+How to decide a Chancery Suit:
+
+"The _Shellys_ were a family of distinction in _Sussex_. _Richard_ and
+_Thomas Shelly_ were a long time engaged in litigation; and Queen
+Elizabeth hearing of it, ordered her Lord Chancellor to summon the
+Judges to put an end to it, to prevent the ruin of so ancient a
+family."--(_Engl. Baronets_, ed. 1737.)
+
+With these pleasantries we leave the _Conveyancer's Guide_, hoping it
+may be long ere the witty author sings his "Farewell to his Muse."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Manners & Customs of all Nations.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE CURFEW BELL.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+  Hark! the curfews solemn sound;
+  Silence, darkness, spreads around.
+
+
+There are now but few places in which this ancient custom--the memento
+of the iron sway of William the Conqueror--is retained.
+
+Its impression when I heard it for the first time, will never be effaced
+from my memory. Let not the reader suppose that it was merely the
+_sound_ of the bell to which I allude; to use the language of Thomas
+Moore, I may justly say, "Oh! no, it was something more exquisite
+still."
+
+It was during the autumn of last year, that I had occasion to visit the
+eastern coast of Kent. Accustomed to an inland county, the prospect of
+wandering by the sea shore, and inhaling the sea breezes, afforded me no
+trifling degree of pleasure. The most frequented road to the sea, was
+through a succession of meadows and pastures; the ground becoming more
+irregular and broken as it advanced, till at last it was little better
+than an accumulation of sand-hills. I have since been informed by a
+veteran tar, that these sand-hills bear a striking resemblance to those
+on that part of the coast of Egypt, where the British troops under the
+gallant Abercrombie were landed.
+
+The evening was beautifully calm, not a sound disturbed its
+tranquillity; and the sun was just sinking to repose in all his dying
+glory. At this part of the coast, the sands are hard and firm to walk
+upon; and on arriving at their extremity, where the waves were gently
+breaking at my feet, "forming sweet music to the thoughtful ear," I
+looked around, and gazed on the various objects that presented
+themselves to my view, with feelings of deep interest and pleasure. The
+evening was too far advanced to discern clearly the coast of France, but
+its dim outline might just be traced, bounding the view. Every now and
+then a vessel might be seen making her silent way round the foreland,
+her form gradually lessening, till at last it was entirely lost in the
+distance. As it grew darker, the strong, red glare of the light-house
+shedding its lurid gleams on the waves, added a novel effect to the
+scene.
+
+At the very moment I was turning from the shore, to retrace my steps,
+the deep tone of a distant bell fell on my ear. It was the Curfew
+Bell--which had been tolled regularly at eight o'clock in the evening,
+since the days of the despotic William.
+
+The vast changes that had taken place in society, in fact, in every
+thing, since the institution of this custom, occupied my thoughts during
+my walk; and I felt no little gratification in the assurance that what
+was originally the edict of a barbarous and despotic age, was now merely
+retained as a relic of ancient times.
+
+It may be thought romantic, but the first hearing of the Curfew Bell
+often occurs to my memory; and there are times when I fancy myself
+walking on that lone shore, and the objects that I then thought so
+beautiful, are as distinctly and vividly seen as if I were actually
+there.
+
+REGINALD.
+
+The only drawback from the interest of this brief paper is that the
+writer does not state the name of the Village whence he heard the Curfew
+Bell.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BARBAROUS PUNISHMENTS.
+
+
+It is almost inconceivable how long Fnglishmen have retained their
+barbarous practices. It is not more than a century since a trial for
+witchcraft took place in England, and hardly eighty since one occurred
+in Scotland. The crime of coining the King's money is still treated as
+treason, and women, for the commission of this crime as well as that of
+murdering their husbands, were sentenced to be strangled, and afterwards
+publicly burned. In London this horrible outrage upon civilized feelings
+was perpetrated in Smithfield. One of these melancholy exhibitions took
+place within the memory of many persons. The criminal was a fine young
+woman, and the strangling had not been completed, for when the flames
+reached her at the stake, she uttered a shriek. This produced, as it
+well might, a general horror, and the practice was abandoned, though the
+law was not abrogated. It was the mild and enlightened Sir Samuel
+Romilly who first brought in a bill to annul the old acts which ordered
+the most revolting mutilation of the corpses of traitors, agreeable to a
+sentence expressed in the most barbarous jargon. Mark, this was only a
+few years since, I believe in 1811.
+
+What must have been the taste of our forefathers, who suffered
+miscreants to obtain their livelihood for the moment by stationing
+themselves at Temple-bar, after the rebellion in 1745, with
+magnifying-glasses, that the spectators might more nicely discriminate
+the features of those unfortunate gentlemen whose heads had been fixed
+over the gateway. No London populace, however tumultuary, would now for
+a moment tolerate such an outrage upon all that is decent and
+humane--(From a clever letter in _the Times_ of April 12, by Colonel
+Jones.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE ALTRIVE TALES.
+
+By the Ettrick Shepherd.
+
+
+Mr. Hogg proposes to collect and reprint under the above title, the best
+of the grave and gay tales with which he has aided the Magazines and
+Annuals during the last few years. The Series will extend to fourteen
+volumes, the first of which, now before us, preceded by a poetical
+dedication and autobiographical memoir. The poem is an exquisite
+performance; but the biography, with due allowance for the Shepherd's
+claim, is a most objectionable preface. It is so disfigured with
+self-conceit and vituperative recollections of old grievances, that we
+regret some kind friend of the author did not suggest the omission of
+these personalities. They will be neither advantageous to the writer,
+interesting to the public, nor propitiatory for the work itself; since
+the world care less about the squabbles of authors and booksellers than
+even an "untoward event" in Parliament; and if the writer of every book
+were to detail his vexations as a preface, the publication of a long
+series of "Calamities" might be commenced immediately.
+
+To our way of thinking, the pleasantest part of the Shepherd's memoir is
+his reminiscences of men of talent, with whom his own abilities have
+brought him in contact. Thus, of
+
+
+_Southey._
+
+
+"My first interview with Mr. Southey was at the Queen's Head inn, in
+Keswick, where I had arrived, wearied, one evening, on my way to
+Westmoreland; and not liking to intrude on his family circle that
+evening, I sent a note up to Greta Hall, requesting him to come down and
+see me, and drink one half mutchkin along with me. He came on the
+instant, and stayed with me about an hour and a half. But I was a
+grieved as well as an astonished man, when I found that he refused all
+participation in my beverage of rum punch. For a poet to refuse his
+glass was to me a phenomenon; and I confess I doubted in my own mind,
+and doubt to this day, if perfect sobriety and transcendent poetical
+genius can exist together. In Scotland I am sure they cannot. With
+regard to the English, I shall leave them to settle that among
+themselves, as they have little that is worth drinking.
+
+"Before we had been ten minutes together my heart was knit to Southey,
+and every hour thereafter my esteem for him increased. I breakfasted
+with him next morning, and remained with him all that day and the next;
+and the weather being fine, we spent the time in rambling on the hills
+and sailing on the lake; and all the time he manifested a delightful
+flow of spirits, as well as a kind sincerity of manner, repeating
+convivial poems and ballads, and always between hands breaking jokes on
+his nephew, young Coleridge, in whom he seemed to take great delight. He
+gave me, with the utmost readiness, a poem and ballad of his own, for a
+work which I then projected. I objected to his going with Coleridge and
+me, for fear of encroaching on his literary labours; and, as I had
+previously resided a month at Keswick, I knew every scene almost in
+Cumberland; but he said he was an early riser, and never suffered any
+task to interfere with his social enjoyments and recreations; and along
+with us he went both days.
+
+"Southey certainly is as elegant a writer as any in the kingdom. But
+those who would love Southey as well as admire him, must see him, as I
+did, in the bosom, not only of one lovely family, but of three, all
+attached to him as a father, and all elegantly maintained and educated,
+it is generally said, by his indefatigable pen. The whole of Southey's
+conversation and economy, both at home and afield, left an impression of
+veneration on my mind, which no future contingency shall ever either
+extinguish or injure. Both his figure and countenance are imposing, and
+deep thought is strongly marked in his dark eye; but there is a defect
+in his eyelids, for these he has no power of raising; so that, when he
+looks up, he turns up his face, being unable to raise his eyes; and when
+he looks towards the top of one of his romantic mountains, one would
+think he was looking at the zenith. This peculiarity is what will most
+strike every stranger in the appearance of the accomplished laureate. He
+does not at all see well at a distance, which made me several times
+disposed to get into a passion with him, because he did not admire the
+scenes which I was pointing out. We have only exchanged a few casual
+letters since that period, and I have never seen this great and good man
+again."
+
+In the Recollections of Wordsworth we find related the affront which led
+to Hogg's caricature of Wordsworth's style, an offence which shut out
+the Shepherd from the society of the amiable poet of the Lakes.
+
+"This anecdote has been told and told again, but never truly; and was
+likewise brought forward in the 'Noctes Ambrosianae,' as a joke; but it
+was no joke; and the plain, simple truth of the matter was thus:--
+
+It chanced one night, when I was there, that there was a resplendent
+arch across the zenith from the one horizon to the other, of something
+like the aurora borealis, but much brighter. It was a scene that is well
+remembered, for it struck the country with admiration, as such a
+phenomenon had never before been witnessed in such perfection; and, as
+far as I could learn, it had been more brilliant over the mountains and
+pure waters of Westmoreland than any where else. Well, when word came
+into the room of the splendid meteor, we all went out to view it; and,
+on the beautiful platform at Mount Ryedale we were all walking, in twos
+and threes, arm-in-arm, talking of the phenomenon, and admiring it. Now,
+be it remembered, that Wordsworth, Professor Wilson, Lloyd, De Quincey,
+and myself, were present, besides several other literary gentlemen,
+whose names I am not certain that I remember aright. Miss Wordsworth's
+arm was in mine, and she was expressing some fears that the splendid
+stranger might prove ominous, when I, by ill luck, blundered out the
+following remark, thinking that I was saying a good thing:--'Hout,
+me'em! it is neither mair nor less than joost a treeumphal airch, raised
+in honour of the meeting of the poets.' 'That's not amiss.--Eh?
+Eh?--that's very good,' said the Professor, laughing. But Wordsworth,
+who had De Quincey's arm, gave a grunt, and turned on his heel, and
+leading the little opium-chewer aside, he addressed him in these
+disdainful and venomous words:--'Poets? Poets?--What does the fellow
+mean?--Where are they?' Who could forgive this? For my part, I never
+can, and never will! I admire Wordsworth; as who does not, whatever they
+may pretend? but for that short sentence I have a lingering ill-will at
+him which I cannot get rid of. It is surely presumption in any man to
+circumscribe all human excellence within the narrow sphere of his own
+capacity. The '_Where are they?_' was too bad! I have always some hopes
+that De Quincey was _leeing_, for I did not myself hear Wordsworth utter
+the words."
+
+Appended to this anecdote is a characteristic observation on the poetry
+of Wordsworth.
+
+"It relates to the richness of his works for quotations. For these they
+are a mine that is altogether inexhaustible. There is nothing in nature
+that you may not get a quotation out of Wordsworth to suit, and a
+quotation too that breathes the very soul of poetry. There are only
+three books in the world that are worth the opening in search of mottos
+and quotations, and all of them are alike rich. These are, the Old
+Testament, Shakspeare, and the poetical works of Wordsworth, and,
+strange to say, the 'Excursion' abounds most in them."
+
+We chanced to fall upon the Shepherd's allusion to the liberties taken
+with his name in _Blackwood's Magazine_, which work owes its
+establishment and much of its early success to Mr. Hogg's co-operation.
+We believe it to be pretty well known that the offensive language
+attributed to the Shepherd in the "Noctes" has no more to do with Mr.
+Hogg than by attempting to imitate his conversational style. This
+impropriety, which is beyond a literary joke, was reprobated some months
+since by the _Quarterly Review_, but here the offending parties are
+properly visited with a burst of honest indignation which may not pass
+unheeded. Mr. Hogg says
+
+
+    "For my part, after twenty years of feelings hardly suppressed, he
+    has driven me beyond the bounds of human patience. That Magazine of
+    his, which owes its rise principally to myself, has often put words
+    and sentiments into my mouth of which I have been greatly ashamed,
+    and which have given much pain to my family and relations, and many
+    of those after a solemn written promise that such freedoms should
+    never be repeated. I have been often urged to restrain and humble
+    him by legal measures as an incorrigible offender deserves. I know I
+    have it in my power, and if he dares me to the task, I want but a
+    hair to make a tether of."
+
+
+The Shepherd appears to have written since 1813, fifteen volumes of
+poetry and as many volumes of prose, besides his contributions to
+periodical works; and, what is not the less extraordinary he was forty
+years of age before he wrote his first poem.
+
+The Tales in the present volume are the Adventures of Captain Lochy, the
+Pongos, and Marion's Jock.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+
+_Marriage Tree_.--A marriage tree, generally of the pine kind, is
+planted in the churchyard, by every new-married couple, in the parish of
+Varallo Pombio, in the Tyrol. A fine grove of pines, the result of this
+custom, now shades this churchyard.
+
+W.G.C.
+
+
+_Slippery Love_.--Thevenard was the first singer of his time, at Paris,
+in the operas of Lulli. He was more than sixty years old when, seeing a
+beautiful _female slipper_ in a shoemaker's shop, he fell violently in
+love, unsight, unseen, with the person for whom it was made; and having
+discovered the lady, married her. He died at Paris in 1741, at the age
+of 72.
+
+P.T.W.
+
+
+Character of England.
+
+Anglia, 1 Mons, 2 Pons, 3 Fons, 4 Ecclesia, 5 Faemina, 6 Lana.
+
+(That is to say:)
+
+For 1, Mountains; 2, Bridges; 3, Rivers; 4, Churches faire; 5, Women;
+and 6, Wool, England is past compare.
+
+G.K.
+
+
+_On our Lady Church in Salisbury_.
+
+
+  How many dayes in one whole year there be,
+  So many windows in one church we see,
+  So many marble pillars there appear,
+  As there are hours throughout the fleeting year.
+  So many gates, as moons one year do view,
+  Strange tale to tell, yet not so strange as true.
+
+G.K.
+
+
+_Astronomical Toasts_.--Lord Chesterfield dined one day with the French
+and Spanish ambassadors. After dinner, toasts were proposed. The Spanish
+ambassador proposed the King of Spain under the title of the Sun. The
+French ambassador gave his king as the Moon. Lord C. then arose, "Your
+excellencies," said he, "have taken the two greatest luminaries, and the
+Stars are too small for a comparison with my royal master. I therefore
+beg to give your excellencies, Joshua."
+
+
+_Talleyrand._--(The following _bon mot_ is worthy of extract from the
+_Literary Gazette_, and smacks of the raciest days of the noble
+utterer.) M. Talleyrand was enjoying his rubber, when the conversation
+turned on the recent union of an elderly lady of respectable rank.
+"However could Madame de S------ make such a match? a person of her
+birth to marry a valet-de-chambre!" "Ah," replied Talleyrand, "it was
+late in the game; at nine we don't reckon honours."
+
+
+_Remarkable Circumstance._--William Coghan, who was at Oxford in the
+year 1575, when the sweating sickness raged at that place, and who has
+given a brief account of its ravages, says, "It began on the sixth day
+of July, from which day to the twelfth day of August next ensuing, there
+died five hundred and ten persons, all men and no women."
+
+P.T.W.
+
+
+_A Loyalist._--The Earl of St. Alban's was, like many other staunch
+loyalists, little remembered by Charles II. He was, however, an
+attendant at court, and one of his majesty's companions in his gay
+hours. On one such occasion, a stranger came with an importunate suit,
+for an office of great value, just vacant. The king, by way of joke,
+comsired the earl to personate him, and demanded the petitioner to be
+admitted. The gentleman addressing himself to the supposed monarch,
+enumerated his services to the royal family, and hoped the grant of the
+place would not be deemed too great a reward. "By no means," answered
+the earl, "and I am only sorry that as soon as I heard of the vacancy, I
+conferred it on my faithful friend, the Earl of St. Alban's," pointing
+to the king, "who constantly followed the fortunes, both of my father
+and myself, and has hitherto gone unrewarded." Charles granted, for this
+joke, what the utmost real services looked for in vain.
+
+T. GILL.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset
+House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic;
+G.G. BENNIS, 55. Run Neuve, St. Augustin, Paris; and by all Newsmen
+and Booksellers._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
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