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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11566 ***
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XIX. NO. 533.] SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1832. [PRICE 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+[Illustration: Cascade at Virginia Water.]
+
+
+CASCADE AT VIRGINIA WATER.
+
+
+This has been described as "perhaps the most striking imitation we have of
+the great works of nature:" at all events, it has less of the mimicry of
+art than similar works on a smaller scale.
+
+Virginia Water will be recollected as the largest sheet of artificial
+water in the kingdom, with the exception of that at Blenheim. Near the
+high Southampton road it forms the above cascade, descending into a glen
+romantically shaded with plantations of birch, willow, and acacia:
+
+  Hollowly here the gushing water sounds
+  With a mysterious voice; one might pause
+  Upon its echoes till it seemeth a noise
+  Of fathomless wilds where man had never walked.
+
+Or it may be described in the graphic words of Thomson:
+
+  With woods o'erhung, and shagg'd with mossy rocks,
+  Whence on each side the gushing waters play,
+  And down the rough cascade white dashing fall,
+  Or gleam in lengthened vista through the trees.
+
+Beside the cascade is a stone cave, "moss-o'ergrown," constructed with
+fragments of immense size and curious shape that were originally dug up at
+Bagshot Heath, and are supposed to be the remains of a Saxon cromlech. At
+the base of this fall, it becomes a running stream, and after winding
+through part of Surrey, falls into the Thames at Chertsey.
+
+The reader will remember Virginia Water as the favourite retreat of the
+late King; and this embellishment, (if so artificial a term can be applied
+to a cascade,) was made at the bidding of the Royal taste. It is perhaps
+the most successful of all the contrivances hereabout to aid the natural
+enchantment of the scene. We believe the present Court are not so fervent
+in their attachment to this resort; its seclusion must, however, be a
+delightful relief to the costly cares of state, and the superb suites of
+Windsor Castle. A scene of wild nature, such as the annexed is intended to
+represent, is more acceptable to our sight than all the quarterings on the
+ceiling of St. George's Hall, though they resemble the pattern-cards of
+chivalry.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LACONICS, &c.
+
+
+Our natural disposition to evil is evident in this: that vice tracks out
+its own path and stands in need of no instructor; while it requires not
+only example but discipline to initiate us in virtue.
+
+We both read and hear bitter complaints about the uncertainty of human
+affairs; and yet it is that uncertainty alone that gives life its relish,
+for novelty is the real and radical cause of all our enjoyments.
+
+There is a great outcry against fools on the part of the knaves, but
+rather with some want of policy; for if there were no fools in the world
+cunning men would have but a bad trade of it.
+
+The faults of a fool are concealed from himself while they are evident to
+the world; on the other hand the faults of the wise man are well known to
+himself, while they are masked over and invisible to the world.
+
+It has been said that "there is a pleasure in being mad that none but
+madmen know;" but this only applies to that species of madness which is
+produced by an excess of imagination eventually overpowering the judgment.
+
+The insincerity of a friend has often inclined men to seek for a surer
+reliance upon money; these unexpected shocks make us disgusted with our
+species, and it is for this reason that old men who have seen so much of
+the world become at last avaricious.
+
+The only result an inquirer after truth can derive from metaphysics will
+be to find himself silenced for the present; they rarely convince, and for
+the most part mislead.
+
+All the discoveries made within the last century were ridiculed and
+treated with contempt by our forefathers; yet we are equally prejudiced
+and hostile to all those improvements proposed to us, which will in all
+probability be adopted by our children.
+
+All those animals who are associated with man become immediately
+participants in his misery: when once domesticated they become liable to
+disease, whereas in a wild state they could have perished only from age or
+accident.
+
+If we subtract from the twenty-four hours the time spent in eating,
+sleeping, exercise, and the other indispensable cares of our existence,
+what a fraction of time is employed on our intellectual faculties! Again,
+there are few who have the means to enable them to study; fewer the talent
+requisite; and still fewer the inclination, if they have the ability.
+
+The force of habit affects even our palates; we in time acquire a relish
+for what was once perfectly nauseous. The Greenlander detests turtle soup
+as much as we abominate train oil.
+
+Courage, or a contempt of danger, is a mere animal quality, and being only
+the result of a particular formation, is entitled to no merit, though it
+may demand our applause: but moral, or acquired courage, is a very
+different thing. A man who is fortunate in the world and has a sacrifice
+to make, if he conducts himself with spirit, is also more entitled to our
+admiration than a mere desperado.
+
+F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HAMET AND RASCHID.
+
+
+AN EASTERN TALE, VERSIFIED.[1]
+
+
+  The sultry sun had gain'd the middle sky,
+  Reigning above in cloudless majesty,
+  When deep engag'd in pray'r, two neighbouring swains
+  Knelt where the common bound divides their plains.
+  Hamet and Raschid;--whilst their flocks around
+  Panting with thirst, or dying, strew the ground,
+  With hands uplift they beg their god in pray'r,
+  Themselves to pity, and their flocks to spare.
+
+  Sudden the air grew calm, no zephyr stirr'd,
+  Through all the valley not a sound was heard,
+  That instant hush'd was all the vocal grove,
+  And sounds aerial warbled from above:
+  Around each shepherd cast his wond'ring eye,
+  And down the vale was seen advancing nigh,
+  A mighty Being, whom when near he stood,
+  They knew that Genius who distributes good;
+  The sheaves of plenty in his hand they see,
+  In that the avenging sword of misery.
+
+  As nearer still the mighty Being drew,
+  Trembling they stood, and knew not what to do;
+  When lo! the Genius breath'd these solemn strains,
+  Soft as the breeze that cools Saboea's plains:--
+  "Children of dust! approach, fly not your friend,
+  I leave the heavens above, my aid to lend;
+  Water you seek, and water I bestow,
+  But ere you ask, this useful lesson know:--
+  Whate'er the body for its use enjoys,
+  Excess no less than scarcity destroys;
+  Demand no more than what your wants require,
+  Let Hamet tell me first his heart's desire."
+
+  "O, Being, great, beneficent and kind,
+  Pardon the fear that overspreads my mind;
+  On me, great God, a little brook bestow,
+  That winter rains may never overflow,
+  And when the summer droughts commence their reign,
+  Stretch forth thy hand and let the brook remain."
+
+  "'Tis yours," with accents mild the Genius cried,
+  Streams, as he speaks, o'er all the meadows glide,
+  A fresher green the fragrant shrubs display,
+  And every leaf in trembling cheers the day;
+  Slaking their raging thirst, the flocks are seen,
+  And new-born herbage clothes the earth in green.
+  "This trifling wish befits a little soul,
+  Let the great Ganges o'er my meadows roll!"
+
+  Thus Raschid spoke, and thus the God replies,
+  Rage, as he spoke, rode sparkling in his eyes:--
+  "Insatiate man, this boundless wish recall
+  Ere ruin whelm yourself, your flocks and all;
+  See you these sheaves?--Now mark this dreadful sword,
+  Those are the wise man's--this the fool's reward."
+
+  In vain he spoke; and hark, what meets the ear,
+  The raging flood is now approaching near;
+  Onward it rolls, o'erwhelming Raschid's plains,
+  All things it sweeps, and not a tree remains,
+  His flocks, his herds, the mighty stream o'erpours,
+  Himself (rash man) a crocodile devours.
+
+
+    [1] See _Rambler_, No. 38.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A FRAGMENT.
+
+
+  On a fork of lightning which sped through heaven,
+    He rode to space's naught,
+  And with the flash of a star which his flight had riven,
+    (The which in his hand of light he caught)
+    He writ with that flash his burning thought,
+  On the roll of darkness space had given.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+USEFUL DOMESTIC HINTS.
+
+
+SHAVINGS.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Disposed as we are to give the Scotch full credit for superior domestic
+economy, a practice which we had frequently an opportunity of observing,
+some five or six years since in Edinburgh, astonished us, we confess, not
+a little; and which, had we heard of, not beheld, we should rather have
+been inclined to attribute to our thoughtless Hibernian neighbours.
+
+Every English housemaid knows, if every housekeeper does not, that
+shavings make a most valuable fuel; for lighting fires they are preferable
+to those faggots, small bundles of which fetch in London, and large
+provincial towns, what may be considered a high price, as they commonly
+swell the weekly expenditure of every family. In Edinburgh, at the period
+to which we allude, a great deal of building was going on, and it was
+impossible to walk the streets without passing, (especially in the
+immediate environs) new houses in various stages of completion; but
+invariably we found, that the custom of the workmen was, to collect in
+heaps the shavings from the carpenter's work, and burn with other rubbish,
+these, which might have been sold for fuel very advantageously; nor was
+the waste of this practice the only thing to be reprehended; it was
+dangerous, since such bonfires were lighted before the houses in the open
+streets, to the great peril of passengers, and at the risk of frightening
+horses and other cattle, as the high winds prevalent in our northern
+metropolis carried about in all directions the light, blazing shavings,
+and sparks.
+
+M.L.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FEATHERS.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Valuable as are feathers, and essential as is that article, a feather-bed,
+to the domestic comforts of the poor, who can rarely afford to purchase
+one, it has often struck us, as a singular want of thought and economy in
+humble cottagers residing on village-greens or commons, upon which much
+poultry is kept, that they should not collect, (a work easily performed by
+the youngest children) the numerous soft, short, downy feathers, which may
+be observed floating about. These in time would amount to a quantity worth
+consideration, but they are usually left, first to litter the land, and
+secondly to be destroyed by rain and passengers. This is particularly the
+case in Norfolk, celebrated as everybody knows as well for its geese as
+its turkeys, and where, it is asserted, that the former fowls undergo
+regular pluckings for the sake of their feathers, ere submitted to "the
+poulterer's knife." But experience, unfortunately, only confirms the old
+observation, that "the poor are the worst economists in the world," and
+the least obedient of any people to our Saviour's command: "Gather up the
+fragments, that nothing be lost."
+
+M.L.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+TO TAKE INK OUT OF PAPER, AND STAINS OUT OF CLOTH, SILKS, &C.
+
+
+Mix one teaspoonful of burnt alum, 1/4 oz. of salt of lemons, 1/4 oz. of
+oxalic acid, in a bottle, with half-a-pint of cold water; to be used by
+wetting a piece of calico with it, and rubbing it on the spots.
+
+S. AE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR; AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LADIES AND DWARFS.
+
+
+One of the oddest of all odd books that ever fell into our hands is
+Captain Colville Franckland's _Narrative of a Visit to the Courts of
+Russia and Sweden_, in 1830 and 1831. It is one of the hop-step-and-a-jump
+tours that your fashionable folks make for making acquaintances and then
+making books. The gallant author does not stay long enough in a place to
+be dull; for he is lively and flippant in every page, and throws a dash of
+_the service_ into every chapter. He feels that Dr. Granville has left him
+nothing to say which may not be found in his two great big books; yet the
+Cholera and the Polish war have supplied him with two topics throughout
+the whole book; and, dull as these subjects are in themselves, they have
+enabled our tourist to produce a rambling, rattling, frolicsome work of
+seven or eight hundred pages. His attentions to the softer sex sparkle
+every where. At Hamburgh, "we dined at a most excellent table d'hote, but
+thought the ladies plain and dowdy." "We laughed much at the Holsteiner
+peasantry, the women being dressed like devils, and men like
+merry-andrews." Again,--
+
+"One of the most pleasing characteristics of Hamburgh, is the neat little,
+rosy-faced, fair-haired soubrette, tripping along the Yungferstieg, with a
+basket under her right arm, covered with a handsome shawl of glowing
+colours. These enticing damsels look as happy and as coquettish as you can
+well imagine, and might induce many a traveller to pass a few weeks in
+Hamburgh who had time to dedicate to the pursuit of the fair nymphs of the
+Alster.
+
+"But, alas! no good is unaccompanied by evil; hideously deformed dwarfs
+haunt the streets and promenades of the good town, and the eye of the
+observer, after having rested with complacency on the round and
+well-turned form of the smart soubrette, reverts with horror to the
+miserable Flibbertigibbets which abound in a frightful proportion to the
+whole population."
+
+At Hamburgh he finds fun in every thing.
+
+"I was a good deal amused to-day by the funeral cortège of some citizen of
+consequence. The bier was surrounded by men dressed in the old Venetian
+costume of black, with ruffs, well-powdered wigs, and swords by their
+sides. I regret to say that I must quit Hamburgh without seeing the Schöne
+Marianna; but I hear she is now rather _passèe_, and I must console myself
+for this mortification by gazing upon the first pair of bright eyes which
+I shall meet to-morrow on my route to Kiel."
+
+The Russian dwarfs afford our Captain much amusement.
+
+"Madame Divoff, like many other Russian ladies, has a dwarf in her house,
+who remains constantly with the company. He is less ugly and disagreeable
+than others of his species. La Princesse Serge Gallitzin has a little
+fellow of this sort; the Lisianskis have also one in constant attendance.
+The pretty Mademoiselle Rosetti, two evenings ago, kept caressing the
+dwarf at Madame Divoff's ball. ('Beauty and the Beast,' said I to her;
+'Zemir et Azor.')
+
+"At a very agreeable family party at the Prince Paul Gallitzin's were
+masks; and a party of male and female dwarfs; these droll little urchins
+were all very well made and good-looking; they frisked and frolicked about
+with the children of the house as if they themselves were not (as in
+reality they were) men and women, but children likewise. One of these poor
+little mortals, equipped as an officer of hussars, danced a mazurka with
+great grace and activity, and selected for his partner the _Gouvernante_,
+a fine, fat bouncing woman of twenty-five. He likewise, at my request,
+sang a Russian romance, which he accompanied on the piano-forte: his voice
+was a very plaintive, but weak barytone. The kindness of the Russian
+nobles to these unfortunate beings does infinite honour to the national
+character."
+
+We have only time for another extract or two. At Moscow, he notes:
+
+"I passed the remainder of the evening at the Princess Dolgorouki's; the
+young ladies were in great agitation on account of the sudden
+indisposition of their mother, Madame Boulgakow, who had, it seems, caught
+cold in her return from the monastery of Troitza, sixty wersts from hence,
+a renowned pilgrimage. She had better have stayed at home, for surely
+Moscow has sufficient churches in which bigots may pray as long as they
+please. When will superstition cease to usurp the place of true religion
+in the human mind? I did not pity the _old devotee_, but I felt for the
+young ladies, who seemed to be a good deal flurried and fluttered by this
+occurrence."
+
+At St. Petersburg:
+
+"June 8-20.--Weather hot and sultry. At two I walked to the Summer Gardens,
+which I found full of police-officers and soldiers. To-day there is a
+celebrated promenade, that in which the young fillies range themselves in
+two rows along the principal alley to be chosen by their future spouse.
+However, it was as yet too early for this exhibition, and there was nobody
+here except police-officers, the very sight of whom makes me sick; so off
+I set, and was caught near the Newski Prospekt in a tremendous
+thunder-storm, which forced me to take shelter, first under the arch of a
+_porte-cochere_, and secondly in the Casan Church, in which I discovered
+for the first time the bâton of Marshal Davoust, stuck up in a glass-case
+against one of the piers supporting the dome of the Church. Underneath the
+bâton, upon a gilded metal-plate, are two inscriptions, the one in Russ,
+the other in Latin, which state that the bâton is that of Marshal Davoust,
+taken near Crasnoe, 5th Nov. 1812; so there can be no doubt of the fact."
+
+"I was a good deal amused with a bad painting over the simple unassuming
+tomb of the immortal Kutusoff, representing the Kremlin, the church of
+Ivan Blagennoi, and a procession of priests marching out of the former by
+the Holy Gate towards the latter. Kutusoff's tomb is shaded by banners
+taken from the Poles, the Prussians, and the French, having at the ends of
+their staffs, the eagles of the two former, and the horse of the latter."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LE JARDIN DES PLANTES.
+
+
+Mrs. Watts's charming Juvenile Annual, the _New Year's Gift_, furnishes
+the following admirable model of a descriptive letter from the French
+capital.
+
+"The day following the one on which we were at Versailles, we spent in
+visiting the Garden of Plants; this institution (if I may so call it) is a
+little on the same plan as our Zoological Garden, and is said to be quite
+unrivalled in the whole world. It contains curiosities of every age, and
+from every quarter of the globe. The gardens, which cover more than a
+hundred acres of ground, are filled with every plant that can be reared in
+France, either naturally or by artificial means, from the lordly palm to
+the humble potato.
+
+"One enclosure is filled with every specimen of shrub that is capable of
+being made to form a fence, from the prickly holly, of forty feet high, to
+the dwarf-box, scarcely an inch above the ground.
+
+"In another place, we see specimens of all the various modes of training
+fruit, and other kinds of trees, which the ingenuity of man has been able
+to accomplish--this is peculiarly interesting. Here, a tree is trained to
+resemble a large basin, another is made to look like a gigantic umbrella,
+and a third like a lady's fan.
+
+"In one enclosure are collected together all the various specimens of
+culinary vegetables that have usually been appropriated to the sustenance
+of mankind; these, you will readily believe, occupy no small space; and
+near them, are to be seen specimens of all the varieties of fruit trees of
+which France and its neighbouring kingdoms can boast.
+
+"In addition to all this, there are extensive green-houses and hot-houses,
+filled with many thousand of the choicest plants, attached to each of
+which is its scientific and its common name. Many of them were extremely
+curious; I tried to remember so many, that I find I confound one with
+another, and now I can scarcely recollect any, save the useful bread tree,
+the curious coffee plant, and the tempting sugar cane, all of which are to
+be seen here to great advantage.
+
+"Attached to this beautiful garden, is a splendid museum, containing all
+sorts of treasures connected with natural history. Here are to be seen
+more than two hundred varieties of monkeys only; of birds, there are
+myriads; and one or two species are shown, that are believed to be the
+only ones of the kind extant; these, of course, are not alive. Here are
+also collected hundreds of bird's nests, of all shapes, kinds and sizes,
+from one almost as large as a hand basin, to one about the size of a green
+gage plum: most of these contain eggs of such kinds of birds as those to
+whom the nests belonged; and indeed the ingenuity with which many of these
+little houses are constructed, surprised me more than any thing I ever
+before witnessed. The collection of butterflies too is most remarkable,
+from one the size of a plate, to those of the smallest size.
+
+"In the same building is also to be seen a most extensive assortment of
+minerals, spars, gems, ores, crystals, medals, etc. etc., which merely to
+enumerate singly, would more than fill a long letter. We next saw the
+Museum of Zoology: this contains reptiles and fish, innumerable, and of
+which I can only say, how wonderful are their varieties! I must not,
+however, forget to tell you that we saw a part of an elephant's tusk,
+which when complete is believed to have been at least eight feet in length.
+Only imagine what must have been the height of the possessor of such a
+pair of tusks! Here too we saw the skeleton of an enormous whale that was
+captured on the coast of France; and from the size of its jaw bones, I can
+readily believe the old story, that the tongue of the whale is as large as
+a feather bed.
+
+"But the whale's was not the only skeleton which we saw,--here were
+collected and strung together, the bones of men, women, children,
+quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, and fish to form perfect specimens.--All this
+was very remarkable: but I cannot say that I much admired them, though I
+was much struck by the sight of an Egyptian mummy, embalmed and unwrapped,
+and supposed to have been in its present state far more than a thousand
+years. We none of us very much enjoyed the sight of the dead specimens, we
+therefore gladly left them, in order to pay our respects to their living
+neighbours, whose houses were not very far off.
+
+"The Garden of Plants contains a very considerable number of wild animals,
+and who all appear to be living very much at their ease. Indeed they are
+surrounded with every thing that can be devised to render their captivity
+as little irksome as possible. They are confined it is true; not in narrow
+cages, but in wide enclosures; around them grow trees of their own country,
+and under their feet springs the herbage of which they are most fond. The
+Polar bear is indulged with a fountain of water, and when the camel is
+inclined for a nap he reposes on a bed of sand. Of the usefulness of this
+animal I must not omit to give you an instance, and that is, that so far
+from eating the bread of idleness, he actually more than earns his living
+by raising all the water that is used in these extensive grounds, and thus
+he may be regarded as a general benefactor to all the plants and animals
+by which he is surrounded. So much for the king's garden as it is
+sometimes called; to attend all its different branches no less than a
+hundred and sixty persons are constantly employed, and to keep it up
+nearly twelve thousand pounds is annually expended. This of course
+includes the expenses of travellers who are sent abroad by the French
+Government to collect new treasures to enrich this wonderful place, which
+may truly be called the museum of the world."
+
+By the way, if it be not too late, we recommend parents to peep into this
+pretty little volume for masters and misses. If "Black Monday" is past,
+the "Gift" will still be acceptable: it will make school-time pass as
+happily as a holiday.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANCIENT NAVY OF ENGLAND.
+
+(_To the Editor_.)
+
+
+Allow me to make a few observations in addition to those in a paper signed
+_G.K._ in No. 528 of _The Mirror_. Your correspondent commences with
+Julius Caesar, and passes over the period intervening between him and King
+Edgar; and from him till the time of King John. Now, prior to Caesar's
+invasion of this island, and during the wars between the Romans and Gauls,
+Caswallwn or Cassivelaunus, sent a numerous body of troops to assist the
+Armoricans, or natives of Brittany, against the Romans; Caesar himself,
+says, that his project of invading this country arose from the
+intelligence he received of the aid the Gauls derived from the Britons;
+therefore I consider that the mode, let it be what it would, deserved
+somewhat of the name of a fleet, if not in the modern sense of the word.
+Caesar says they had large, open vessels, with keels and masts made of
+wood, and the other parts covered with hides; and about the year 384,
+Cynan Meiriadog, a chieftain of North Wales, sailed to Armorica with a
+great body of followers, to support the cause of Maximus, an aspirant to
+the Roman throne.
+
+Berkeley, in his _Naval History_, p. 49, says, that at the time of the
+Saxon invasion, Gurthefyr or Vortimer, King of the Britons, with a fleet,
+opposed the Saxons under Hengist; and after an obstinate engagement, the
+Britons were victorious, notwithstanding the inferiority of their vessels
+to those of the Saxons, both in number and size.
+
+The Welsh, at the time of King Alfred, must have had some knowledge of
+nautical architecture and affairs, (according to Berkeley's _Naval
+History_, p. 69,) for the great Alfred discovering the necessity of
+establishing a naval force for the purpose of resisting the incursions of
+the Danes, prevailed on several natives of Wales to superintend its
+construction, and subsequently conferred on them some of the most
+distinguished posts in his fleet. And as a proof of the nautical spirit of
+the Welsh, we have the fact of Prince Madog, son of Owain Gwynedd, about
+the year 1170, going on a voyage in search of a new country, where he
+would be free from the dreadful dissensions which were ravaging his native
+country.
+
+_Caer Ludd_.
+
+CYMMRO.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ENGLISH PUNISHMENTS IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Impoysonments, so ordinarily in Italy, are so abominable amongst English,
+as 21 Henry VIII. it was made high treason, though since repealed; after
+which the punishment for it was to be put alive into a caldron of water,
+and then boiled to death; at present it is felony without benefit of
+clergy.
+
+If a criminal indicted of petit treason, or felony, refuseth to answer or
+to put himself upon a legal tryal, then for such standing mute and
+contumacy, he is presently to undergo that horrible punishment called
+_Peine forte et dure_; that is, to be sent back to the prison from whence
+he came, and there laid in some low, dark room, upon the bare ground, on
+his back, all naked, his arms and legs drawn with cords, fastened to the
+several corners of the room; then shall be laid upon his body, iron and
+stone, so much as he may bear, or more; the next day he shall have three
+morsels of barley bread without drink, and the third day shall have drink
+of the water next to the prison door, except it be running water, without
+bread; and this shall be his diet till he die. Which grievous kind of
+death some stout fellows have sometimes chosen, that so not being tryed
+and convicted of their crimes, their estates may not be forfeited to the
+king, but descend to their children, nor their blood stained.
+
+Perjury, by bearing false witness upon oath, is punished with the pillory,
+called _Callistrigium_, burnt in the forehead with a P, his trees growing
+upon his ground to be rooted up, and his goods confiscated.
+
+G.K.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PORTRAIT OF CHRIST.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+The following extract is from a manuscript in the possession of the family
+of Kelly, now in Lord Kelly's library, which was taken from the original
+letter of Publius Lentulus at Rome.
+
+It being the usual custom of the Roman governors to advertise the senate
+and people of Rome of such material things as happened in their provinces,
+in the days of the Emperor Tiberius Caesar, Publius Lentulus, President of
+Judaea, wrote the following epistle to the senate, respecting Our Saviour
+Jesus Christ.
+
+"There appeared in these our days, a man of great virtue, named Jesus
+Christ, who is yet living amongst us, and of the Gentiles he is accepted
+as a Prophet of Truth; but his disciples call him the Son of God. He
+raiseth the dead, and cureth all manner of diseases: a man of stature
+somewhat tall and comely, with very reverend countenance, such as
+beholders may both love and fear: his hair is of the colour of the
+chestnut, full ripe, plain to his ears, whence downward it is more orient,
+curling and waving about his shoulders; in the middle of his head is a
+seam or partition of his hair, after the manner of the Nazarites; his face
+without spot or wrinkles, beautified with a living red; his nose and mouth
+so formed as nothing can be represented; his beard thickish, in colour
+like his hair, not very long, but forked; his look innocent and mature;
+his eyes grey, clear, and quick. In reproving he is terrible; in
+admonishing, courteous and fair spoken--pleasant in conversation, mixed
+with gravity. It cannot be recollected that any have seen him laugh, but
+many have seen him weep. In proportion of body most excellent; his hands
+and arms most delectable to behold; in speaking, very temperate, modest,
+and wise. A man for his singular beauty far surpassing the children of
+men."
+
+VERITAS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BRIGHTON IN 1743.
+
+
+[Illustration: Brighton in 1743.]
+
+
+(Whoever has enjoyed the natural beauties or artificial luxuries of
+BRIGHTON--the _Daphne_ of our metropolis--will feel some curiosity
+respecting its origin and progress from an obscure fishing-town to such a
+focus of wealth and fashion as at this moment it presents. The celebrity
+of Brighton, we may observe, extends throughout the empire, and is almost
+as well known to the plodding and stay-at-home townsman of the north as to
+the luxurious idler ever and anon in quest of new pleasures. As the
+occasional abode of the Royal Family, its name has figured in the Court
+records of the last half century. Of late years, however, Brighton has
+assumed an extent and importance which may be referred to a spirit of
+speculative enterprise unparalleled in the fortunes of any other town in
+the United Kingdom. Not only has a palace, but squares of palatial
+mansions, terraces, crescents, and streets, nay, very towns of splendid
+houses, have sprung up with fairy-like rapidity; and Brighton has thus
+become, not merely a fashionable resort for the season, but a place of
+permanent residence for a very large proportion of wealthy individuals.
+Our present purpose is, however, to illustrate the past obscurity and not
+the present high palmy state of Brighton. Our own recollections would
+carry us back nearly a score of years, when the Pavilion or Marine Palace
+was a plain, neat, villa-like building, with verandas to command a
+prospect of the sea; and when the Steines scarcely merited the designation
+of enclosures: when a roomy yellow-washed mansion occupied the upper end
+of the old Steine, and was pointed to as once the house of Dr. Russell, to
+whom Brighton owes much of its early fame; its site being now occupied by
+a superb hotel: when Phoebe Hassell and Martha Gunn were the lionesses of
+the place--the one by land and the other by sea: and when not a carriage
+entered Brighton without the electioneering salute of half a score of blue
+gownswomen with cards of their crazy machines to give you a
+tenancy-at-will of the ocean. But, our quoted particulars of Brighton
+invest it with a much earlier interest than our brief memory can supply.
+They are historical as well as topographical, from the primitive records
+of the place, and are accompanied by a view of the town from the sea, as
+it appeared in the year 1743, or about 90 years since. For this and the
+interesting details which accompany it we are indebted to a History of
+Brighthelmston published by Dr. Anthony Rhelan towards the close of the
+last century, and lately edited and reprinted by Mr. Mitchell of Brighton,
+with the benevolent intention of aiding the funds of the Sussex County
+Infirmary, by the profits arising from the sale of the work. It requires
+an almost microscopic eye to distinguish the buildings in the Cut. The
+Royal standard on the fort, is, by an error of the artist,
+disproportionally large.) The town of Brighthelmston,[1] in the county of
+Sussex, is situated on the banks of the sea, at the bottom of a bay of the
+same name, formed to the east by Beachy-Head, and by Worthing point to the
+West.
+
+The bay is a bold and deep shore exposed to the open sea: from the banks
+or cliffs a clean gravel runs to the sea terminating in a hard sand, free
+from every mixture of ooze, and those offensive beds of mud, so frequently
+found at the mouths of rivers, and on many shores.
+
+The town is built on a rising hill with a south-east exposition; defended
+towards the north by hills, whose ascent is easy, and view pleasing;
+bounded on the west by a fruitful and extensive cornfield, descending
+gently from the Downs to the banks of the sea, and leading to Shoreham;
+and on the east by a most beautiful lawn called the Steine, which runs
+winding up into the country among hills, to the distance of some miles.
+
+The soil here, and over all the south Downs, is a chalk rock covered with
+earth of various kinds and depths in different places.
+
+The country round Brighthelmston is open and free from woods, and finely
+diversified with hills and valleys. Hence the advantage of exercise may be
+always enjoyed in fair weather: it is ever cool on the hills, and a
+shelter may be constantly found in the valleys from excess of wind.
+
+The hills are in some places steep, but everywhere covered with a green
+sward from the bottom to the top.[2] On the summit of these the prospect
+is extensive and varied; towards the sea there is an uninterrupted view
+from Beachy-head to the Isle of Wight; towards the land, or _weald_ side,
+the view, in the opinion of the great Mr. Ray, is no where to be equalled;
+and from this very prospect, compared with that of the Isle of Ely, he
+infers the wisdom of God in the construction of hills.
+
+The Downs here run parallel to the sea; the turf of them is remarkably
+fine; they are from six to ten miles broad: so that this delightful
+country cannot be deemed a confined one.
+
+The merit of the situation of this town has within these few years
+attracted a great resort of the principal gentry of this kingdom, and
+engaged them in a summer residence here. And there is reason to believe,
+that in the earliest times it was in the highest estimation. The altars of
+the Druids, the only surviving remains of the ancient Britons, are no
+where to be seen in greater number.[3] And although there are here no
+traces of temples, no images here existing, yet does not their want in any
+shape invalidate the supposition of this place's having been an original
+residence of theirs, as it seems to have been a received principle in all
+countries where Druidism prevailed, that the confining the Deity within
+walls, or the representing him in any human figure, were unworthy of his
+majesty, and unsuitable to his immensity. But the position of these altars,
+and the local circumstances answering so exactly to their customary choice
+of places, leave but little room to doubt of their having had a residence
+here.
+
+The attachment of our ancestors to this place may be further illustrated
+by our taking a view of the efforts they made to preserve it.
+
+Suetonius, relating the invasion of Britain by Vespasian, says, "Tricies
+cum hoste conflixit; duas validissimas gentes, superque xx oppida, et
+Insulam Vectem Britanniae proximam in deditionem redegit." Cap. iv. Now,
+that one of these nations inhabited the Downs of Sussex, seems probable
+from their vicinity to the Isle of Wight, and in some measure confirmed by
+the lines and intrenchments still subsisting between Brighthelmston and
+Lewes, where the principal scene of action must have been, and bearing
+every Roman mark.
+
+That there was a Roman station in this neighbourhood is admitted by the
+antiquarians, though its exact situation is not as yet ascertained. The
+Portus Aldurni, placed by the learned Selden at Aldrington, two miles to
+the west of Brighthelmston, is by the ingenious Tabor presumed to have
+been at East Bourne, eighteen miles to the east of it: yet there are many
+local and incidental circumstances belonging to this place, and which are
+wanting in those towns, that render a conjecture probable as to its having
+been a Roman station.
+
+The Praepositus of the Exploratores, whose office was to discover the
+state and motions of the enemy, and who was certainly in this part of
+Sussex, could be no where more advantageously placed than in the elevated
+situations of the strong camps at Hollingsbury and White-Hawke, commanding
+a most extensive view of the whole coast from Beachy-Head to the Isle of
+Wight. The form of this town is almost a perfect square; the streets are
+built at right angles to each other, and its situation is to the south
+east, the favourite one among the Romans. To these may be added, that an
+urn has been some time ago dug up in this neighbourhood, containing a
+thousand silver denarii marked from Antoninus Pius to Philip, during which
+tract of time Britain was probably a Roman province. And, lastly, the
+vestiges of a true Roman via running from Shoreham towards Lewes, at a
+small distance above this town have been lately discovered by an ingenious
+gentleman truly conversant in matters of this nature.
+
+The light sometimes obtained in these dark matters from a similitude of
+sounds in the ancient and modern names of places, is not to be had in
+assisting the present conjecture. Its ancient one, as far as I can learn,
+is no way discoverable; and its modern one may be owing either to this
+town's belonging formerly to, or being countenanced in a particular manner
+by a Bishop Brighthelm, who, during the Saxon government of the island,
+lived in this neighbourhood: or perhaps may be deduced from the ships of
+this town having their helms better ornamented than those of their
+neighbouring ones.
+
+It is true here are no hypocausts, Mosaic pavements, inscriptions, or any
+other delicate monuments of Roman antiquity,[4] that might corroborate in
+a stronger manner this supposition: these, if any such existed here, have
+been defaced by time, or destroyed by the undiscerning inhabitants of the
+place.
+
+During the Saxon aera, this town was almost the centre of the kingdom of
+the South Saxons; and consequently could not be the scene of much action.
+It submitted to the various revolutions which prevailed at different times,
+until the Norman conquest.
+
+The conqueror landed at Hastings forty miles distant to the east of this
+town; so that his troops never came near it. Yet, the fate of England
+being decided by the bloody engagement at Battel, this town, with many
+other large possessions in the county, was granted to William de Warren,
+who married the Conqueror's daughter: and he soon made it part of the
+endowment of that rich priory, which he founded at Lewes.
+
+This resigning of the town into the hands of monks was a fatal stroke to
+its ancient greatness. Too attentive to their own immediate interest, and
+too regardless of that of their vassals, as soon as they were in
+possession of it, they laboured, and with success, to obtain an exemption
+for it from supplying the king with ships, or affording him such other
+succour, as a large and powerful maritime town ought to have done, on the
+pretence of its being part of a religious estate.
+
+(_To be concluded in our next_.)
+
+
+    [1] It appears to have been called Brighton in a terrier of lands,
+        dated in 1660.
+
+    [2] In the years 1800 and 1801, when wheat was at an unprecedented
+        price, the occupiers of farms on the South Downs converted much
+        of their downland into tillage, from which they acquired abundant
+        crops of corn. The green sward when once ploughed, can never be
+        restored to its former verdure, and although grass seeds have
+        been yearly sown in succession for more than 80 years upon down
+        formerly broken up and converted into arable land, the
+        distinctions between these parts and the original down is still
+        clearly perceptible.
+
+    [3] See the remains of a Druidical altar at Goldstone (Gor or Thor
+        stone) bottom, about a mile to the north-west of the town.
+
+    [4] A Mosaic pavement has been discovered at Lancing, within nine
+        miles west of the town.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+FINE ARTS
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LARGE PAINTED WINDOW OF THE CRUCIFIXION.
+
+
+Mr. Wilmshurst has nearly completed a fine copy, on glass, of Mr. Hilton's
+celebrated picture of the Crucifixion. It consists of 118 squares, 15 by
+21 inches each, fitted into copper frames, in a large centre and two sides;
+in all 19 feet high, and 15 feet wide, intended for a Venetian window-case
+in St. George's Church, Liverpool. The original picture was painted for
+this purpose, by commission from the Corporation, in the year 1826, for
+which the artist received 1,000 guineas. Perhaps in all the productions of
+British art there is not a more appropriate subject for the embellishment
+of a church, than Hilton's representation of this sublime event. The
+countenance and figure of the crucified Saviour are admirably drawn: his
+placid resignation is finely contrasted with the muscular figures of the
+two thieves struggling in the last agonies of torture: the spike-nails and
+blood-drops of the hands and feet, and the title on the cross are closely
+preserved. The group of women at the foot of the cross, the lifeless form,
+drooping hand, anxious eye, and gushing tear, the terrified and afflicted
+populace, and the unperturbed devotional gaze of a few by-standers are too
+among the masterly beauties of this composition. The lights are well kept,
+and the entire effect of the Window is that of awe-inspiring grandeur.
+
+It is somewhat curious, that on the evening Mr. Wilmshurst put together
+his Liverpool Window, his larger Window of the Field of Cloth of Gold, was
+totally destroyed by fire, and by the next morning all its glories were
+melted (or vitrified) into tears.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE TWA BURDIES.
+
+BY THE ETTRICK SHEPHERD.
+
+
+  When the winter day had past an' gane,
+  Twa wee burdies came into our hearth stane;
+  An' they lookit a'round them wi' little din,
+  As if they had living souls within.
+
+  "O, bonny burdies, come tell to me
+  If ye are twa burdies o' this countrye?
+  An' where ye were gaun when ye tint your gate,
+  A-winging the winter shower sae late?"
+
+  "We are cauld, we are cauld--ye maun let us bide,
+  For our father's gane, an' our mother's a bride:
+  But in her bride's bed though she be,
+  We would rather cour on the earth wi' thee!"
+
+  "O, bonny burdies, my heart is sair
+  To see twa motherless broods sae fair.
+  But flee away, burdies! flee away!
+  For I darenae bide wi' you till day."
+
+  "Ye maun let us bide till our feathers dry,
+  For the time of our trial's drawing nigh.
+  A voice will call at the hour eleven,
+  An' a naked sword appear in heaven!
+
+  "There's an offering to make, but not by men,
+  On altar as white as the snow of the glen--
+  There's a choice to be made, and a vow to pay,
+  And blood to spill ere the break of day."
+
+  "O, tell me, beings of marvellous birth,
+  If ye are twa creatures of heaven or earth?
+  For ye look an' ye speak, I watnae how--
+  But I'm fear'd, I'm fear'd, little burdies for you!"
+
+  "Ye needna be fear'd, for it's no our part
+  To injure the kind and the humble heart;
+  And those whose trust is in heaven high,
+  The Angel of God will aye be nigh.
+
+  We were twa sisters bred in a bower,
+  As gay as the lark an' as fair as the flower;
+  But few of the ills of this world we proved,
+  Till we were slain by the hands we loved.
+
+  Our bodies into the brake were flung,
+  To feed the hawks and the ravens young;
+  And there our little bones reclined,
+  And white they bleach'd in the winter wind.
+
+  Our youngest sister found them there,
+  And wiped them clean wi' her yellow hair;
+  And every day she sits and grieves,
+  And covers them o'er wi' the wabron leaves.
+
+  Then our twin souls they sought the sky,
+  And were welcome guests in the heavens high;
+  And we gat our choice through all the spheres
+  What lives to lead for a thousand years.
+
+  Then humble, old matron, lend us thine aid,
+  For this night the choice is to be made;
+  And we have sought thy lowly hearth
+  For the last advice thou giv'st on earth.
+
+  Say, shall we skim o'er this earth below,
+  Beholding its scenes of joy and woe;
+  And try to reward the virtuous heart,
+  And make the unjust and the sinner smart?
+
+  Or shall we choose the star of love,
+  In a holy twilight still to move;
+  Or fly to frolic, light and boon,
+  On the silver mountains of the moon?
+
+  O, tell us, for we hae nane beside!
+  Our daddy's gane, and our mammy's a bride.
+  She is blitliely laid in her bridal sheet,
+  But a spirit stands at her bed feet.
+
+  Ay, though she be laid in her bridal bed,
+  There is guiltless blood upon her head;
+  And on her soul the hue of a crime,
+  That will never wash out till the end of time.
+
+  Advise, advise! dear matron, advise!
+  For you are humble, devout, and wise.
+  We ask a last advice from you--
+  Our hour is come--what shall we do?"
+
+  "O, wondrous creatures, ye maun allow
+  I naething can ken of beings like you;
+  But ere the voice calls at eleven,
+  Go ask your Father who is in heaven."
+
+  Away, away, the burdies flew
+  Aye singing, "Adieu, kind heart, adieu!
+  They that hae blood on their hands may rue
+  Afore the day-beam kiss the dew.
+
+  There's naught sae heinous in human life
+  As taking a helpless baby's life;
+  There's naething sae kind aneath the sky
+  As cheering the heart that soon maun die."
+
+  The morning came wi' drift an' snaw,
+  And with it news frae the bridal-ha',
+  That death had been busy, and blood was spilt,
+  May Heaven preserve us all from guilt!
+
+  They tell of a deed--Believe't who can?
+  Such tale was never told by man;
+  The bridegroom is gone in fire and flood,
+  And the bridal-bed is steep'd with blood!
+
+  The poor auld matron died ere day,
+  And was found as life was passing away;
+  And twa bonny burdies sang in the bed,
+  The one at the feet, the other the head.
+
+  Now I have heard tales, and told them too,
+  Hut this is beyond what I could do;
+  And far hae I ridden, and far hae I gane,
+  But burdies like these I never saw nane.
+
+_Fraser's Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ELLISTON AND THE ASS' HEAD.
+
+
+Elliston was, in his day, the Napoleon of Drury-lane, but, like the
+conqueror at Austerlitz, he suffered his declensions, and the Surrey
+became to him a St. Helena. However, once an eagle always an eagle; and
+Robert William was no less aquiline in the day of adversity than in his
+palmy time of patent prosperity. He was born to carry things with a high
+hand, and he but fulfilled his destiny. The anecdote which we are about to
+relate, is one of the ten thousand instances of his lordly bearing. When,
+the season before last, "no effects" was written over the treasury-door of
+Covent-garden theatre, it will be remembered that several actors proffered
+their services _gratis_, in aid of the then humble, but now arrogant and
+persecuting establishment. Among these patriots was Mr. T.P. Cooke--(it
+was just after his promotion to the honorary rank of Admiral of the Blue).
+The Covent-garden managers jumped at the offer of the actor, who was in
+due time announced as having, in the true play-bill style, "most
+generously volunteered his services for six nights!" Cooke was advertised
+for _William_; Elliston having "most generously lent [N.B. this was _not_
+put in the bill] his musical score of _Black-Eyed Susan_, together with
+the identical captains' coats, worn at a hundred-and-fifty court-martials
+at the Surrey Theatre!" Cooke--the score--the coats, were all accepted,
+and made the most of by the now prosecuting managers of Covent-garden, who
+cleared out of the said Cooke, score, and coats, one thousand pounds at
+half-price on the first six nights of their exhibition. This is a fact;
+nay, we have lately heard it stated that all the sum was specially banked,
+to be used in a future war against the minors. Cooke was then engaged for
+twelve more nights, at ten pounds per night--a hackney-coach bringing him
+each night, hot from the Surrey stage, where he had previously made
+bargemen weep, and thrown nursery-maids into convulsions. Well, time drove
+on, and Cooke drove into the country. Elliston, who was always classical,
+having a due veneration for that divine "creature," Shakspeare, announced,
+on the anniversary of the poet's birth-day, a representation of the
+Stratford Jubilee. The wardrobe was ransacked, the property-man was on the
+alert; and, after much preparation, every thing was in readiness for the
+imposing spectacle.--No! There was one thing forgotten--one important
+"property!" _Bottom_ must be a "feature" in the procession, and there was
+no ass's head! it would not do for the acting manager to apologize for the
+absence of the head--no, _he_ could not have the face to do it. A head
+must be procured! Every one was in doubt and trepidation, when hope
+sounded in the clarion-like voice of Robert William. "Ben!" exclaimed
+Elliston, "take pen, ink, and paper, and write as follows!" Ben (Mr.
+Benjamin Fairbrother, the late manager's most trusty secretary) sat, "all
+ear" and Elliston, with finger on nether lip, proceeded.--
+
+"My dear Charles,
+
+I am about to represent, 'with entirely new dresses, scenery, and
+decorations,' the Stratford Jubilee, in honour of the sweet swan of Avon.
+My scene-painter is the finest artist (except your Grieve) in Europe--my
+tailor is no less a genius, and I lately raised the salary of my
+property-man. This will give you some idea of the capabilities of the
+Surrey Theatre. However, in the hurry of "getting up," we have forgotten
+one property--every thing is well with us but our _Bottom_, and he wants a
+head. As it is too late to manufacture, not but that my property-man is
+the cleverest in the world (except the property-man of Covent-garden), can
+_you_, lend me an ass's head, and believe me, my dear Charles,
+
+Yours ever truly,
+
+ROBERT WILLIAM ELLISTON."
+
+"P.S. I had forgotten to acknowledge the return of the _Black-Eyed Susan_
+score, and coats. You were most welcome to them."
+
+The letter was dispatched to Covent-garden Theatre, and in a brief time
+the bearer returned with the following answer:--
+
+"MY DEAR ROBERT,
+
+It is with the most acute pain that I am compelled to refuse your
+trifling request. You are aware, my dear Sir, of the unfortunate situation
+of Covent-garden Theatre; it being at the present moment, with all the
+'dresses, scenery, and decorations,' in the Court of Chancery, I cannot
+exercise that power which my friendship would dictate. I have spoken to
+Bartley, and he agrees with me (indeed, he always does), that I cannot
+lend you an ass's head--he is an authority on such a subject--without
+risking a reprimand from the Lord High Chancellor. Trusting to your
+generosity, and to your liberal construction of my refusal--and hoping
+that it will in no way interrupt that mutually cordial friendship that has
+ever subsisted between us.
+
+Believe me, ever yours,
+
+CHARLES KEMBLE."
+
+"P.S. When I next see you advertised for _Rover_, I intend to leave myself
+out of the bill to come and see it."
+
+Of course this letter did not remain long unanswered. Ben was again in
+requisition, and the following was the result of his labours:--
+
+"DEAR CHARLES,
+
+I regret the situation of Covent-garden Theatre--I also, for your sake,
+deeply regret that the law does not permit you to send me the 'property'
+in question. I knew that law alone could prevent you; for were it not for
+the vigilance of Equity, such is my opinion of the management of
+Covent-garden, that I am convinced, if left to the dictates of its own
+judgment, it would be enabled to spare asses' heads, not to the Surrey
+atone, but to every theatre in Christendom.
+
+Yours ever truly,
+
+ROBERT WILLIAM ELLISTON."
+
+"P.S. My wardrobe-keeper informs me that there are no less than seven
+buttons missing from the captains' coats. However, I have ordered their
+places to be instantaneously filled by others."
+
+We entreat our readers not to receive the above as a squib of invention.
+We will not pledge ourselves that the letters are _verbatim_ from the
+originals; but the loan of the Surrey music and coats to Covent-garden,
+with the refusal of Covent-garden's ass's head to the Surrey, is "true as
+holy writ."
+
+_Monthly Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+
+THE BOOK OF INSTRUCTION.
+
+
+This is styled by the publisher "The Child's _Annual;_" we do not think
+reasonably so, since instruction is suited for all times. It is a
+tolerably thick volume, and contains the _Easies_ of Grammar, Geography,
+Arithmetic, Natural History, Punctuation, History, Poetry, Music, and
+Dancing; with outlines of Agriculture, Anatomy, Architecture, Astronomy,
+Botany, and other branches of science and knowledge--a Chronology and
+description of the London public buildings. The contents, to be sure, are
+multifarious; but the book is we think made of a series of books to be
+purchased separately. Every page has a coloured cut of a very gay order.
+Cottages have yellow roofs and pink doors; and shopkeepers are dressed in
+crimson and orange. Some of the grammatical illustrations are droll: a
+heavy old fellow, cross-legged, with his hands folded on a stick is
+_myself_; Punch is an _active verb_; a wedding might have illustrated the
+conjunction; four in hand is a preposition. In punctuation, a child asking
+what o'clock it is, illustrates a note of interrogation. We could have
+supplied the editor with the Colon: a little girl who had much difficulty
+in understanding its use, one day complained that a pain in her stomach
+was as bad as a colon. The pictures in Geography are not so good as they
+might have been; and it would have been easy to give correct outlines of
+animals, since others mislead children. Music made easy is better, as are
+Steps to Dancing. The Chronology is faulty and ill-adapted for children:
+what do the little dears want to know of the sale of Cobbett's Register,
+or Mr. Fletcher and Miss Dick. There are certain things which children
+should know, and others which they should not hear of. Show them as many
+of the virtues of mankind as you please: prepare the soil well, and there
+will be less chance of vicious weeds. Altogether this book merits
+recommendation. It is nicely bound, as the Guinea Annual folks say, partly
+in _Arabesque._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHEAP MEDICINE.
+
+
+A publisher who pays much regard to usefulness and economy in reprints has
+put forth _Buchan's Domestic Medicine_ for something less than a crown,
+with a supplementary "Cholera Morbus, its history, symptoms, mode of
+treatment, antidotes,&c." By the way, we have often thought Buchan's book
+like the Dead Sea: you cannot fall into the latter without some of its
+water incrusting on you, and you cannot read Buchan without feeling an
+ache. Its popularity is founded upon the hackneyed adage "the knowledge of
+a disease is half its cure." People will pore over its sea of calamities
+till they almost fall into the fire, or get scalded with the water from a
+kettle, and then turn to the Index, Scalds, page 326: perhaps this is a
+good plan to test the practical value of a book, as the surgeon scalded
+two fingers and plunged one into turpentine and the other into spirits of
+wine to test their respective services in case of a scald.
+
+Here too we may notice a cheap _Companion to the Family Medicine Chest,_
+with an alphabetical arrangement of Medicines, their properties, and plain
+rules for taking them; with the Cholera, of course, as a rider, and
+cautions respecting suspended animation and poisons. The little
+shillingsworth is in its fifteenth edition, so that many thousand persons
+must have taken many million doses by its prescription, and in some cases
+become their own medicine chests, with this book as their companion.
+
+     *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HERBERT'S COUNTRY PARSON, &c.
+
+
+Readers who delight to slake their thirst for knowledge from the deep and
+pure wells of our olden literature will rejoice to hear of a cheap and
+elegant reprint of this beautiful little book. Perchance some book-buyer
+need be told that the above is a book to live by--an invaluable legacy of
+a parish priest to his brethren and the world. The author George Herbert,
+was born in 1593, near Montgomery, in the castle that had been
+successively happy in the Herberts, as Isaak Walton observes, "a family
+that hath been blest with men of remarkable wisdom." Herbert was educated
+at Cambridge, where he obtained the friendship of "the great secretary of
+nature and all learning, Sir Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam," who consulted
+Herbert "before he would expose any of his books to be printed, and
+dedicated a version of the Psalms to him as the best judge of divine
+poetry." Herbert was patronized by James I. who, for an elegant Latin
+oration, gave him a sinecure of 120_l_. a-year, for in those days the only
+Royal Society of Literature was in the palace; it is now among subjects,
+and too little in the Court. Upon the death of James, Herbert's Court
+hopes died also, and he betook himself to a retreat from London. In this
+retirement, "he had many conflicts with himself, whether he should return
+to the painted pleasures of court life or betake himself to the study of
+divinity, and enter into sacred orders." He chose the latter. He married
+well. In 1630 he was inducted into the parsonage of Bemerton, a mile from
+Salisbury; the third day after which, he said to his wife, "You are now a
+minister's wife, and must now so far forget your father's house, as not to
+claim a precedence of any one of your parishioners; for you are to know
+that a priest's wife can challenge no precedence or place, but that which
+she purchases by her obliging humility; and I am sure, places so purchased
+do best become them. And let me tell you, that I am so good a herald, as
+to assure you that this is truth." These rules his meek wife observed with
+cheerful willingness. Herbert now set about his "Priest to the Temple: or
+the Country Parson, his character, and rule of Holy Life." Unlike many
+doctrinists, he practised his own rules: he was a self-example of his own
+precepts, and his book was the rule of his own life; or, as Walton more
+beautifully explains it "his behaviour towards God and man may be said to
+be a practical comment on the holy rules set down in that useful book."
+Thus, he sets forth the Diversities of a Pastor's life: the Parson's life,
+knowledge, praying, preaching, Sundays, house, courtesy, charity, church,
+comfort, eye, mirth, &c.; his prayers before and after Sermon, with a few
+poetical pieces of quaint but touching sweetness. His poetry has been
+censured for its point and antithesis; but he cultivated the poetical art
+to convey moral and devotional sentiments; others excel him in smoothness
+of versification, but not in benevolent purpose. Herbert though himself a
+pattern of humility, was younger brother of the celebrated Lord Herbert of
+Cherbury, whom Horace Walpole abuses for his beauty and gallant bearing,
+tinctured it must be allowed, with affected notions of high birth. But the
+gay philosopher of Cherbury lived in the last days of chivalry, and had
+their light but gleamed upon Walpole, he would, in all probability, have
+borne the very qualities which he so loudly censures in Herbert. The
+pastor Herbert's wife was nearly related to Lord Danby, so that the
+caution which we have quoted was perhaps requisite. As Herbert sank his
+own high birth, it was but fit that his wife should forget hers also.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE NEW BATH GUIDE.
+
+
+What a change from grave to gay--from the moral antitheses of Herbert's
+_Country Parson_ to the fun and folly of Anstey's New Bath Guide, with
+etchings by George Cruikshank, and cuts admirably designed and engraved by
+S. Williams--as Mr. Simkin dressing for the ball:
+
+  But what with my Nivernois hat can compare,
+  Bag-wig and laced ruffles, and black solitaire,
+  And what can a man of true fashion denote,
+  Like an ell of good riband tyed under the throat.
+
+and "We three blunder-heads," two frizzled physicians of the last century,
+and the invariably accompanying cane, or Esculapian wand. This edition is
+by Mr. Britton, who has prefixed a dedication and an essay on the genius
+of Anstey, both of which sparkle with humour and lively anecdote; and an
+amusing sketch of Bath as it is. Among the anecdotical notes to the Poem
+it is stated that Dodsley acknowledged about ten years after he had
+purchased the "Bath Guide," that the profits from its sale were greater
+than on any other book he had published. He generously gave up the
+copyright to the author in 1777, who had 200_l_. for the copyright after
+the second edition. Yet Dodsley, with all his liberality lived to be rich,
+though he originally was footman to the Hon. Mrs. Lowther; so true is it
+that genius and perseverance will find their way upwards from any station.
+
+There is a pleasant anecdote of the late John Palmer, who, it will be
+remembered, was somewhat stiltish. "Palmer, whose father was a
+bill-sticker, and who had occasionally practised in the same humble
+occupation himself, strutting one evening in the green-room at Drury-Lane
+Theatre, in a pair of glittering buckles, a gentleman present remarked
+that they greatly resembled diamonds. 'Sir,' said Palmer, with warmth, 'I
+would have you to know, that I never wear anything but diamonds.' 'Jack,
+your pardon,' replied the gentleman, 'I remember the time when you wore
+nothing but _paste!_' This produced a loud laugh, which was heightened by
+Parsons jogging him on the elbow, and drily saying, 'Jack, why don't you
+_stick him against the wall?_'"
+
+Another. Mr. Quin, upon his first going to Bath, found he was charged most
+exorbitantly for every thing; and, at the end of a week, complained to
+Nash, who had invited him thither, as the cheapest place in England for a
+man of taste and a _bon vivant_. The master of the ceremonies, who knew
+that Quin relished a pun, replied, "They have acted by you on truly
+Christian principles." "How so?" says Quin. "Why," answered Nash, "you
+were a _stranger_, and they _took you in_." "Ay" rejoined Quin; "but they
+have fleeced me, instead of clothed me."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE OUTLINE OF ENGLISH HISTORY,
+
+
+Is a well-executed compendium for schools, and will be amusing by any
+fire-side. It not merely contains the great names, but abounds with
+curious notes on domestic life in each reign, with facts and calculations
+which must have cost the editor, Mr. Ince, many days labour. The period
+pompously termed "the Georgian Aera" is not so copious us the editor
+wishes, but a little more forethought on his part or that of the printer
+would better satisfy himself and the public.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SNATCHES
+
+_From Mr. Bulwer's Novel of "Eugene Aram,"_ vol. i.
+
+
+_Love of Nature_.--It has been observed and there is a world of homely, ay,
+of legislative knowledge in the observation, that wherever you see a
+flower in a cottage-garden, or a bird at the window, you may feel sure
+that the cottagers are better and wiser than their neighbours.
+
+_Humour_.--Where but in farces is the phraseology of the humorist always
+the same?
+
+_Conversation Tactics_.--A quick, short, abrupt turn, that retrenching all
+superfluities of pronoun and conjunction, and marching at once upon the
+meaning of the sentence, had in it a military and Spartan significance,
+which betrayed how difficult it often is for a man to forget that he had
+been a corporal.
+
+_Music of Water_.--You saw hard by the rivulet darkening and stealing away,
+till your sight, though not your ear, lost it among the woodland.
+
+_A fine Fellow_--He had strong principles as well as warm feelings, and a
+fine and resolute sense of honour utterly impervious to attack. It was
+impossible to be in his company an hour, and not see that he was a man to
+be respected. It was equally impossible to live with him a week, and not
+see that he was a man to be beloved.
+
+_Marriage_.--The greatest happiness which the world is capable of
+bestowing--the society and love of one in whom we could wish for no change,
+and beyond whom we have no desire.
+
+_Fatality_.--What evil cannot corrupt, Fate seldom spares.
+
+_Widowhood_.--If the blow did not crush, at least it changed him.
+
+_Comfort of Children_.--As his nephew and his motherless daughters grew up,
+they gave an object to his seclusion, and a relief to his reflections. He
+found a pure and unfailing delight in watching the growth of their young
+minds, and guiding their differing dispositions; and, as time at length
+enabled them to return his affection, and appreciate his cares, he became
+once more sensible that he had a home.
+
+_Intellectual Beauty_.--Her eyes of a deep blue, wore a thoughtful and
+serene expression, and her forehead, higher and broader than it usually is
+in women, gave promise of a certain nobleness of intellect, and added
+dignity, but a feminine dignity, to the more tender characteristics of her
+beauty.
+
+_A Village Beauty_.--The sunlight of a happy and innocent heart sparkled
+on her face, and gave a beam it gladdened you to behold, to her quick
+hazel eye, and a smile that broke out from a thousand dimples.
+
+_An unformed mind_.--Cheerful to outward seeming, but restless, fond of
+change, and subject to the melancholy and pining mood common to young and
+ardent minds.
+
+_Dependence_.--What in the world makes a man of just pride appear so
+unamiable as the sense of dependence.
+
+_Two modes of sitting in a chair_.--The one short, dry, fragile, and
+betraying a love of ease in his unbuttoned vest, and a certain lolling,
+see-sawing method of balancing his body upon his chair; the other, erect
+and solemn, and as steady on his seat as if he were nailed to it.
+
+_A Soldier's simile_.--Your shy dog is always a deep one: give me a man
+who looks me in the face as he would a cannon.
+
+_A Landlord's Independence_.--The indifference of a man well to do, and
+not ambitious of half-pence. "There's my wife by the door, friend; go,
+tell her what you want."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER
+
+
+_The Opera_. From the number of French and German operas announced for
+performance at the King's Theatre, it should no longer be called the
+_Italian_ Opera, but the _Foreign Opera_.
+
+_Tooth Ache_.--Powdered alum not only relieves this annoyance, but
+prevents the decay of the tooth.
+
+_Egypt_.--The French are just at this moment crazy for Egyptian
+antiquities. "While Champollion (_on dit_)is about to unrol the mystic
+papyri in all their primitive significance, the celebrated Caillaud has
+preceded him with the First Numbers of a work on the Arts and Trades of
+the Egyptians, Nubians, and Ethiopians; their customs, civil, and domestic,
+with the manners and customs of the modern inhabitants of these countries."
+--_For. Quart. Rev._
+
+_Anne Boleyn_.--M. Crapelet, the celebrated Parisian printer, has just
+written and printed a beautiful little volume entitled _Anne Boleyn_,
+which is spoken of as "a careful and pains-taking attempt to exhibit a
+character hitherto strangely disfigured by party writers, in its true
+light."
+
+_Root of the Devil_.--There is a strange root called the Devil's Bit
+Scabious, of which quaint old Gerard observes: "The great part of the root
+seemeth to be bitten away: old fantasticke charmers report that the devil
+did bite it for envie, because it is an herbe that hath so many good
+virtues, and is so beneficial to mankinde." Sir James Smith as quaintly
+observes, "the malice of the devil has unhappily been so successful, that
+no virtue can now be found in the remainder of the root or herb."--
+_Knowledge for the People._ Part xiv.
+
+_Onions_.--The British onion is of the worst description, those of Egypt
+and India being considered great delicacies. Their strong, disagreeable
+odour is attributable to the sulphur which they contain, and which is
+deposited by their juice, when exposed to heat.--_Ibid_.
+
+_Spanish Liquorice_ is so called from its being manufactured only in
+_Spain_ and Sicily. The root grows naturally in those countries and in
+Languedoc, and in such abundance in some parts of Sicily, that it is
+considered the greatest scourge to the cultivator.--_Ibid_. (Our brewers
+and distillers would not be of this opinion were liquorice indigenous to
+this country.)
+
+_Heat in Plants_.--Lamarck tells us of a plant, which during a few hours
+of its growth, is "so hot as to seem burning." Its greatest heat is stated
+at nearly 45 degrees above the temperature of the air in which the plant
+was growing.
+
+_Iceland_ is perhaps the most deplorable spot on the world's map. "Not
+very long ago it counted at least 100,000 inhabitants. Depopulated by time,
+which has more than once introduced frightful pestilence, there are now
+not half that number. Their occupation is that of shepherds and fishermen,
+for the bitterness of the climate makes all agricultural labours vain or
+unproductive. They are scattered over the wide wastes of the country, far
+distant, in huts and farms, and it was only in 1787 that any portion of
+the population was gathered into towns, if towns may be called the two
+spots where a few families have their abode together."--_For. Quart. Rev._
+
+_Tobacco and Snuff_.--Tobacco is a narcotic and depressing poison, whose
+effect on the nerves and stomach is to destroy the appetite, prevent the
+perfect digestion of the food, create an unnatural thirst, and render the
+individual who uses it nervous and otherwise infirm. Snuff destroys the
+sense of smell, and causes a very disagreeable alteration in the voice. It
+also produces head-ache in the course of time; and by the distillation of
+its juice which falls from the posterior nostrils into the stomach during
+sleep, gives rise to weak and painful digestion.--_Dr. Granville_.
+
+_Early Rising_.--From March to November, at least, no cause, save sickness,
+or one of equal weight, should retain us in bed a moment after the sun has
+risen.--_Dr. Granville_. (What say the lazy Londoners to this? In Paris,
+shops are opened and set out for the day before six o'clock in the
+mornings of spring, summer, and great part of autumn.)
+
+_Food_.--Many articles of consumption, introduced in the reign of Henry
+VIII, the following distich embraces a few:--
+
+  Turkey, carp, hops, pricard, and beer.
+  Came into England all in one year. (1525.)
+
+_Ince's Outline of English History._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset House,)
+London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; G.G. BENNIS,
+55, Rue Neuve, St. Augustin, Paris; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11566 ***
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+  <title>The Mirror of Literature, Volume XIX. No. 533.</title>
+
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+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11566 ***</div>
+
+ <hr class="full" />
+
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page81"
+  name="page81">
+  </a>[pg 81]
+</span>
+
+  <h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+  OF<br />
+  LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <table width="100%" summary="Volume, Number, and Date">
+    <tr>
+      <td align="left"><b>VOL. XIX. NO. 533.]</b></td>
+      <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1832.</b></td>
+      <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>CASCADE AT VIRGINIA WATER.</h2>
+
+<div class="figure" style="width:100%;">
+  <a href="images/533-001.png">
+  <img width = "100%" src="images/533-001.png" alt="CASCADE AT VIRGINIA WATER." />
+  </a>
+</div>
+
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page82"
+  name="page82">
+  </a>[pg 82]
+</span>
+
+<p>
+This has been described as "perhaps the most striking imitation we have of
+the great works of nature:" at all events, it has less of the mimicry of
+art than similar works on a smaller scale.
+</p>
+<p>
+Virginia Water will be recollected as the largest sheet of artificial
+water in the kingdom, with the exception of that at Blenheim. Near the
+high Southampton road it forms the above cascade, descending into a glen
+romantically shaded with plantations of birch, willow, and acacia:
+</p>
+<div class="poem">
+  <div class="stanza">
+  <p>Hollowly here the gushing water sounds</p>
+  <p>With a mysterious voice; one might pause</p>
+  <p>Upon its echoes till it seemeth a noise</p>
+  <p>Of fathomless wilds where man had never walked.</p>
+  </div>
+</div>
+<p>
+Or it may be described in the graphic words of Thomson:
+</p>
+<div class="poem">
+  <div class="stanza">
+  <p>With woods o'erhung, and shagg'd with mossy rocks,</p>
+  <p>Whence on each side the gushing waters play,</p>
+  <p>And down the rough cascade white dashing fall,</p>
+  <p>Or gleam in lengthened vista through the trees.</p>
+  </div>
+</div>
+<p>
+Beside the cascade is a stone cave, "moss-o'ergrown," constructed with
+fragments of immense size and curious shape that were originally dug up at
+Bagshot Heath, and are supposed to be the remains of a Saxon cromlech. At
+the base of this fall, it becomes a running stream, and after winding
+through part of Surrey, falls into the Thames at Chertsey.
+</p>
+<p>
+The reader will remember Virginia Water as the favourite retreat of the
+late King; and this embellishment, (if so artificial a term can be applied
+to a cascade,) was made at the bidding of the Royal taste. It is perhaps
+the most successful of all the contrivances hereabout to aid the natural
+enchantment of the scene. We believe the present Court are not so fervent
+in their attachment to this resort; its seclusion must, however, be a
+delightful relief to the costly cares of state, and the superb suites of
+Windsor Castle. A scene of wild nature, such as the annexed is intended to
+represent, is more acceptable to our sight than all the quarterings on the
+ceiling of St. George's Hall, though they resemble the pattern-cards of
+chivalry.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>LACONICS, &amp;c.</h3>
+
+<p>
+Our natural disposition to evil is evident in this: that vice tracks out
+its own path and stands in need of no instructor; while it requires not
+only example but discipline to initiate us in virtue.
+</p>
+<p>
+We both read and hear bitter complaints about the uncertainty of human
+affairs; and yet it is that uncertainty alone that gives life its relish,
+for novelty is the real and radical cause of all our enjoyments.
+</p>
+<p>
+There is a great outcry against fools on the part of the knaves, but
+rather with some want of policy; for if there were no fools in the world
+cunning men would have but a bad trade of it.
+</p>
+<p>
+The faults of a fool are concealed from himself while they are evident to
+the world; on the other hand the faults of the wise man are well known to
+himself, while they are masked over and invisible to the world.
+</p>
+<p>
+It has been said that "there is a pleasure in being mad that none but
+madmen know;" but this only applies to that species of madness which is
+produced by an excess of imagination eventually overpowering the judgment.
+</p>
+<p>
+The insincerity of a friend has often inclined men to seek for a surer
+reliance upon money; these unexpected shocks make us disgusted with our
+species, and it is for this reason that old men who have seen so much of
+the world become at last avaricious.
+</p>
+<p>
+The only result an inquirer after truth can derive from metaphysics will
+be to find himself silenced for the present; they rarely convince, and for
+the most part mislead.
+</p>
+<p>
+All the discoveries made within the last century were ridiculed and
+treated with contempt by our forefathers; yet we are equally prejudiced
+and hostile to all those improvements proposed to us, which will in all
+probability be adopted by our children.
+</p>
+<p>
+All those animals who are associated with man become immediately
+participants in his misery: when once domesticated they become liable to
+disease, whereas in a wild state they could have perished only from age or
+accident.
+</p>
+<p>
+If we subtract from the twenty-four hours the time spent in eating,
+sleeping, exercise, and the other indispensable cares of our existence,
+what a fraction of time is employed on our intellectual faculties! Again,
+there are few who have the means to enable them to study; fewer the talent
+requisite; and still fewer the inclination, if they have the ability.
+</p>
+<p>
+The force of habit affects even our palates; we in time acquire a relish
+for what was once perfectly nauseous. The Greenlander detests turtle soup
+as much as we abominate train oil.
+</p>
+<p>
+Courage, or a contempt of danger, is a mere animal quality, and being only
+the result of a particular formation, is entitled to no merit, though it
+may demand our applause: but moral, or acquired courage, is a very
+different thing. A man who is fortunate in the world and has a sacrifice
+to make, if he conducts himself with spirit, is also more entitled to our
+admiration than a mere desperado.
+</p>
+<p>
+F.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>HAMET AND RASCHID.</h3>
+<h4>AN EASTERN TALE, VERSIFIED.
+<a id="footnotetag1"
+ name="footnotetag1">
+</a>
+<sup>
+  <a href="#footnote1">1
+  </a>
+</sup>
+</h4>
+
+<div class="poem">
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>The sultry sun had gain'd the middle sky,</p>
+    <p>Reigning above in cloudless majesty,</p>
+    <p>When deep engag'd in pray'r, two neighbouring swains</p>
+    <p>Knelt where the common bound divides their plains.</p>
+    <p>Hamet and Raschid;&mdash;whilst their flocks around</p>
+    <p>Panting with thirst, or dying, strew the ground,</p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page83"
+  name="page83">
+  </a>[pg 83]
+</span>
+    <p>With hands uplift they beg their god in pray'r,</p>
+    <p>Themselves to pity, and their flocks to spare.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Sudden the air grew calm, no zephyr stirr'd,</p>
+    <p>Through all the valley not a sound was heard,</p>
+    <p>That instant hush'd was all the vocal grove,</p>
+    <p>And sounds aerial warbled from above:</p>
+    <p>Around each shepherd cast his wond'ring eye,</p>
+    <p>And down the vale was seen advancing nigh,</p>
+    <p>A mighty Being, whom when near he stood,</p>
+    <p>They knew that Genius who distributes good;</p>
+    <p>The sheaves of plenty in his hand they see,</p>
+    <p>In that the avenging sword of misery.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>As nearer still the mighty Being drew,</p>
+    <p>Trembling they stood, and knew not what to do;</p>
+    <p>When lo! the Genius breath'd these solemn strains,</p>
+    <p>Soft as the breeze that cools Saboea's plains:&mdash;</p>
+    <p>"Children of dust! approach, fly not your friend,</p>
+    <p>I leave the heavens above, my aid to lend;</p>
+    <p>Water you seek, and water I bestow,</p>
+    <p>But ere you ask, this useful lesson know:&mdash;</p>
+    <p>Whate'er the body for its use enjoys,</p>
+    <p>Excess no less than scarcity destroys;</p>
+    <p>Demand no more than what your wants require,</p>
+    <p>Let Hamet tell me first his heart's desire."</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>"O, Being, great, beneficent and kind,</p>
+    <p>Pardon the fear that overspreads my mind;</p>
+    <p>On me, great God, a little brook bestow,</p>
+    <p>That winter rains may never overflow,</p>
+    <p>And when the summer droughts commence their reign,</p>
+    <p>Stretch forth thy hand and let the brook remain."</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>"'Tis yours," with accents mild the Genius cried,</p>
+    <p>Streams, as he speaks, o'er all the meadows glide,</p>
+    <p>A fresher green the fragrant shrubs display,</p>
+    <p>And every leaf in trembling cheers the day;</p>
+    <p>Slaking their raging thirst, the flocks are seen,</p>
+    <p>And new-born herbage clothes the earth in green.</p>
+    <p>"This trifling wish befits a little soul,</p>
+    <p>Let the great Ganges o'er my meadows roll!"</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Thus Raschid spoke, and thus the God replies,</p>
+    <p>Rage, as he spoke, rode sparkling in his eyes:&mdash;</p>
+    <p>"Insatiate man, this boundless wish recall</p>
+    <p>Ere ruin whelm yourself, your flocks and all;</p>
+    <p>See you these sheaves?&mdash;Now mark this dreadful sword,</p>
+    <p>Those are the wise man's&mdash;this the fool's reward."</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>In vain he spoke; and hark, what meets the ear,</p>
+    <p>The raging flood is now approaching near;</p>
+    <p>Onward it rolls, o'erwhelming Raschid's plains,</p>
+    <p>All things it sweeps, and not a tree remains,</p>
+    <p>His flocks, his herds, the mighty stream o'erpours,</p>
+    <p>Himself (rash man) a crocodile devours.</p>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>A FRAGMENT.</h3>
+<div class="poem">
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>On a fork of lightning which sped through heaven,</p>
+    <p class="i2">He rode to space's naught,</p>
+    <p>And with the flash of a star which his flight had riven,</p>
+    <p class="i2">(The which in his hand of light he caught)</p>
+    <p class="i2">He writ with that flash his burning thought,</p>
+    <p>On the roll of darkness space had given.</p>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>USEFUL DOMESTIC HINTS.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>SHAVINGS.</h3>
+<h4><i>(For the Mirror.)</i></h4>
+<p>
+Disposed as we are to give the Scotch full credit for superior domestic
+economy, a practice which we had frequently an opportunity of observing,
+some five or six years since in Edinburgh, astonished us, we confess, not
+a little; and which, had we heard of, not beheld, we should rather have
+been inclined to attribute to our thoughtless Hibernian neighbours.
+</p>
+<p>
+Every English housemaid knows, if every housekeeper does not, that
+shavings make a most valuable fuel; for lighting fires they are preferable
+to those faggots, small bundles of which fetch in London, and large
+provincial towns, what may be considered a high price, as they commonly
+swell the weekly expenditure of every family. In Edinburgh, at the period
+to which we allude, a great deal of building was going on, and it was
+impossible to walk the streets without passing, (especially in the
+immediate environs) new houses in various stages of completion; but
+invariably we found, that the custom of the workmen was, to collect in
+heaps the shavings from the carpenter's work, and burn with other rubbish,
+these, which might have been sold for fuel very advantageously; nor was
+the waste of this practice the only thing to be reprehended; it was
+dangerous, since such bonfires were lighted before the houses in the open
+streets, to the great peril of passengers, and at the risk of frightening
+horses and other cattle, as the high winds prevalent in our northern
+metropolis carried about in all directions the light, blazing shavings,
+and sparks.
+</p>
+<p>
+M.L.B.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>FEATHERS.</h3>
+
+<h4><i>(For the Mirror.)</i></h4>
+
+<p>
+Valuable as are feathers, and essential as is that article, a feather-bed,
+to the domestic comforts of the poor, who can rarely afford to purchase
+one, it has often struck us, as a singular want of thought and economy in
+humble cottagers residing on village-greens or commons, upon which much
+poultry is kept, that they should not collect, (a work easily performed by
+the youngest children) the numerous soft, short, downy feathers, which may
+be observed floating about. These in time would amount to a quantity worth
+consideration, but they are usually left, first to litter the land, and
+secondly to be
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page84"
+  name="page84">
+  </a>[pg 84]
+</span>
+ destroyed by rain and passengers. This is particularly the
+case in Norfolk, celebrated as everybody knows as well for its geese as
+its turkeys, and where, it is asserted, that the former fowls undergo
+regular pluckings for the sake of their feathers, ere submitted to "the
+poulterer's knife." But experience, unfortunately, only confirms the old
+observation, that "the poor are the worst economists in the world," and
+the least obedient of any people to our Saviour's command: "Gather up the
+fragments, that nothing be lost."
+</p>
+<p>
+M.L.B.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3>TO TAKE INK OUT OF PAPER, AND STAINS OUT OF CLOTH, SILKS, &amp;C.</h3>
+
+<p>
+Mix one teaspoonful of burnt alum, 1/4 oz. of salt of lemons, 1/4 oz. of
+oxalic acid, in a bottle, with half-a-pint of cold water; to be used by
+wetting a piece of calico with it, and rubbing it on the spots.
+</p>
+<p>
+S. AE.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>THE SELECTOR; AND LITERARY NOTICES OF <i>NEW WORKS</i>.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>LADIES AND DWARFS.</h3>
+
+<p>
+One of the oddest of all odd books that ever fell into our hands is
+Captain Colville Franckland's <i>Narrative of a Visit to the Courts of
+Russia and Sweden</i>, in 1830 and 1831. It is one of the hop-step-and-a-jump
+tours that your fashionable folks make for making acquaintances and then
+making books. The gallant author does not stay long enough in a place to
+be dull; for he is lively and flippant in every page, and throws a dash of
+<i>the service</i> into every chapter. He feels that Dr. Granville has left him
+nothing to say which may not be found in his two great big books; yet the
+Cholera and the Polish war have supplied him with two topics throughout
+the whole book; and, dull as these subjects are in themselves, they have
+enabled our tourist to produce a rambling, rattling, frolicsome work of
+seven or eight hundred pages. His attentions to the softer sex sparkle
+every where. At Hamburgh, "we dined at a most excellent table d'hote, but
+thought the ladies plain and dowdy." "We laughed much at the Holsteiner
+peasantry, the women being dressed like devils, and men like
+merry-andrews." Again,&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+"One of the most pleasing characteristics of Hamburgh, is the neat little,
+rosy-faced, fair-haired soubrette, tripping along the Yungferstieg, with a
+basket under her right arm, covered with a handsome shawl of glowing
+colours. These enticing damsels look as happy and as coquettish as you can
+well imagine, and might induce many a traveller to pass a few weeks in
+Hamburgh who had time to dedicate to the pursuit of the fair nymphs of the
+Alster.
+</p>
+<p>
+"But, alas! no good is unaccompanied by evil; hideously deformed dwarfs
+haunt the streets and promenades of the good town, and the eye of the
+observer, after having rested with complacency on the round and
+well-turned form of the smart soubrette, reverts with horror to the
+miserable Flibbertigibbets which abound in a frightful proportion to the
+whole population."
+</p>
+<p>
+At Hamburgh he finds fun in every thing.
+</p>
+<p>
+"I was a good deal amused to-day by the funeral cortège of some citizen of
+consequence. The bier was surrounded by men dressed in the old Venetian
+costume of black, with ruffs, well-powdered wigs, and swords by their
+sides. I regret to say that I must quit Hamburgh without seeing the Schöne
+Marianna; but I hear she is now rather <i>passèe</i>, and I must console myself
+for this mortification by gazing upon the first pair of bright eyes which
+I shall meet to-morrow on my route to Kiel."
+</p>
+<p>
+The Russian dwarfs afford our Captain much amusement.
+</p>
+<p>
+"Madame Divoff, like many other Russian ladies, has a dwarf in her house,
+who remains constantly with the company. He is less ugly and disagreeable
+than others of his species. La Princesse Serge Gallitzin has a little
+fellow of this sort; the Lisianskis have also one in constant attendance.
+The pretty Mademoiselle Rosetti, two evenings ago, kept caressing the
+dwarf at Madame Divoff's ball. ('Beauty and the Beast,' said I to her;
+'Zemir et Azor.')
+</p>
+<p>
+"At a very agreeable family party at the Prince Paul Gallitzin's were
+masks; and a party of male and female dwarfs; these droll little urchins
+were all very well made and good-looking; they frisked and frolicked about
+with the children of the house as if they themselves were not (as in
+reality they were) men and women, but children likewise. One of these poor
+little mortals, equipped as an officer of hussars, danced a mazurka with
+great grace and activity, and selected for his partner the <i>Gouvernante</i>,
+a fine, fat bouncing woman of twenty-five. He likewise, at my request,
+sang a Russian romance, which he accompanied on the piano-forte: his
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page85"
+  name="page85">
+  </a>[pg 85]
+</span>
+ voice
+was a very plaintive, but weak barytone. The kindness of the Russian
+nobles to these unfortunate beings does infinite honour to the national
+character."
+</p>
+<p>
+We have only time for another extract or two. At Moscow, he notes:
+</p>
+<p>
+"I passed the remainder of the evening at the Princess Dolgorouki's; the
+young ladies were in great agitation on account of the sudden
+indisposition of their mother, Madame Boulgakow, who had, it seems, caught
+cold in her return from the monastery of Troitza, sixty wersts from hence,
+a renowned pilgrimage. She had better have stayed at home, for surely
+Moscow has sufficient churches in which bigots may pray as long as they
+please. When will superstition cease to usurp the place of true religion
+in the human mind? I did not pity the <i>old devotee</i>, but I felt for the
+young ladies, who seemed to be a good deal flurried and fluttered by this
+occurrence."
+</p>
+<p>
+At St. Petersburg:
+</p>
+<p>
+"June 8-20.&mdash;Weather hot and sultry. At two I walked to the Summer Gardens,
+which I found full of police-officers and soldiers. To-day there is a
+celebrated promenade, that in which the young fillies range themselves in
+two rows along the principal alley to be chosen by their future spouse.
+However, it was as yet too early for this exhibition, and there was nobody
+here except police-officers, the very sight of whom makes me sick; so off
+I set, and was caught near the Newski Prospekt in a tremendous
+thunder-storm, which forced me to take shelter, first under the arch of a
+<i>porte-cochere</i>, and secondly in the Casan Church, in which I discovered
+for the first time the bâton of Marshal Davoust, stuck up in a glass-case
+against one of the piers supporting the dome of the Church. Underneath the
+bâton, upon a gilded metal-plate, are two inscriptions, the one in Russ,
+the other in Latin, which state that the bâton is that of Marshal Davoust,
+taken near Crasnoe, 5th Nov. 1812; so there can be no doubt of the fact."
+</p>
+<p>
+"I was a good deal amused with a bad painting over the simple unassuming
+tomb of the immortal Kutusoff, representing the Kremlin, the church of
+Ivan Blagennoi, and a procession of priests marching out of the former by
+the Holy Gate towards the latter. Kutusoff's tomb is shaded by banners
+taken from the Poles, the Prussians, and the French, having at the ends of
+their staffs, the eagles of the two former, and the horse of the latter."
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3>LE JARDIN DES PLANTES.</h3>
+
+<p>
+Mrs. Watts's charming Juvenile Annual, the <i>New Year's Gift</i>, furnishes
+the following admirable model of a descriptive letter from the French
+capital.
+</p>
+<p>
+"The day following the one on which we were at Versailles, we spent in
+visiting the Garden of Plants; this institution (if I may so call it) is a
+little on the same plan as our Zoological Garden, and is said to be quite
+unrivalled in the whole world. It contains curiosities of every age, and
+from every quarter of the globe. The gardens, which cover more than a
+hundred acres of ground, are filled with every plant that can be reared in
+France, either naturally or by artificial means, from the lordly palm to
+the humble potato.
+</p>
+<p>
+"One enclosure is filled with every specimen of shrub that is capable of
+being made to form a fence, from the prickly holly, of forty feet high, to
+the dwarf-box, scarcely an inch above the ground.
+</p>
+<p>
+"In another place, we see specimens of all the various modes of training
+fruit, and other kinds of trees, which the ingenuity of man has been able
+to accomplish&mdash;this is peculiarly interesting. Here, a tree is trained to
+resemble a large basin, another is made to look like a gigantic umbrella,
+and a third like a lady's fan.
+</p>
+<p>
+"In one enclosure are collected together all the various specimens of
+culinary vegetables that have usually been appropriated to the sustenance
+of mankind; these, you will readily believe, occupy no small space; and
+near them, are to be seen specimens of all the varieties of fruit trees of
+which France and its neighbouring kingdoms can boast.
+</p>
+<p>
+"In addition to all this, there are extensive green-houses and hot-houses,
+filled with many thousand of the choicest plants, attached to each of
+which is its scientific and its common name. Many of them were extremely
+curious; I tried to remember so many, that I find I confound one with
+another, and now I can scarcely recollect any, save the useful bread tree,
+the curious coffee plant, and the tempting sugar cane, all of which are to
+be seen here to great advantage.
+</p>
+<p>
+"Attached to this beautiful garden, is a splendid museum, containing all
+sorts of treasures connected with natural history. Here are to be seen
+more than two hundred varieties of monkeys only; of birds, there are
+myriads; and one or two species are shown, that are believed to be the
+only ones of the kind extant; these, of course, are not alive. Here are
+also collected hundreds of bird's nests,
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page86"
+  name="page86">
+  </a>[pg 86]
+</span>
+ of all shapes, kinds and sizes,
+from one almost as large as a hand basin, to one about the size of a green
+gage plum: most of these contain eggs of such kinds of birds as those to
+whom the nests belonged; and indeed the ingenuity with which many of these
+little houses are constructed, surprised me more than any thing I ever
+before witnessed. The collection of butterflies too is most remarkable,
+from one the size of a plate, to those of the smallest size.
+</p>
+<p>
+"In the same building is also to be seen a most extensive assortment of
+minerals, spars, gems, ores, crystals, medals, etc. etc., which merely to
+enumerate singly, would more than fill a long letter. We next saw the
+Museum of Zoology: this contains reptiles and fish, innumerable, and of
+which I can only say, how wonderful are their varieties! I must not,
+however, forget to tell you that we saw a part of an elephant's tusk,
+which when complete is believed to have been at least eight feet in length.
+Only imagine what must have been the height of the possessor of such a
+pair of tusks! Here too we saw the skeleton of an enormous whale that was
+captured on the coast of France; and from the size of its jaw bones, I can
+readily believe the old story, that the tongue of the whale is as large as
+a feather bed.
+</p>
+<p>
+"But the whale's was not the only skeleton which we saw,&mdash;here were
+collected and strung together, the bones of men, women, children,
+quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, and fish to form perfect specimens.&mdash;All this
+was very remarkable: but I cannot say that I much admired them, though I
+was much struck by the sight of an Egyptian mummy, embalmed and unwrapped,
+and supposed to have been in its present state far more than a thousand
+years. We none of us very much enjoyed the sight of the dead specimens, we
+therefore gladly left them, in order to pay our respects to their living
+neighbours, whose houses were not very far off.
+</p>
+<p>
+"The Garden of Plants contains a very considerable number of wild animals,
+and who all appear to be living very much at their ease. Indeed they are
+surrounded with every thing that can be devised to render their captivity
+as little irksome as possible. They are confined it is true; not in narrow
+cages, but in wide enclosures; around them grow trees of their own country,
+and under their feet springs the herbage of which they are most fond. The
+Polar bear is indulged with a fountain of water, and when the camel is
+inclined for a nap he reposes on a bed of sand. Of the usefulness of this
+animal I must not omit to give you an instance, and that is, that so far
+from eating the bread of idleness, he actually more than earns his living
+by raising all the water that is used in these extensive grounds, and thus
+he may be regarded as a general benefactor to all the plants and animals
+by which he is surrounded. So much for the king's garden as it is
+sometimes called; to attend all its different branches no less than a
+hundred and sixty persons are constantly employed, and to keep it up
+nearly twelve thousand pounds is annually expended. This of course
+includes the expenses of travellers who are sent abroad by the French
+Government to collect new treasures to enrich this wonderful place, which
+may truly be called the museum of the world."
+</p>
+<p>
+By the way, if it be not too late, we recommend parents to peep into this
+pretty little volume for masters and misses. If "Black Monday" is past,
+the "Gift" will still be acceptable: it will make school-time pass as
+happily as a holiday.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>ANCIENT NAVY OF ENGLAND.</h3>
+<h4><i>(To the Editor.)</i></h4>
+
+<p>
+Allow me to make a few observations in addition to those in a paper signed
+<i>G.K.</i> in No. 528 of <i>The Mirror</i>. Your correspondent commences with
+Julius Caesar, and passes over the period intervening between him and King
+Edgar; and from him till the time of King John. Now, prior to Caesar's
+invasion of this island, and during the wars between the Romans and Gauls,
+Caswallwn or Cassivelaunus, sent a numerous body of troops to assist the
+Armoricans, or natives of Brittany, against the Romans; Caesar himself,
+says, that his project of invading this country arose from the
+intelligence he received of the aid the Gauls derived from the Britons;
+therefore I consider that the mode, let it be what it would, deserved
+somewhat of the name of a fleet, if not in the modern sense of the word.
+Caesar says they had large, open vessels, with keels and masts made of
+wood, and the other parts covered with hides; and about the year 384,
+Cynan Meiriadog, a chieftain of North Wales, sailed to Armorica with a
+great body of followers, to support the cause of Maximus, an aspirant to
+the Roman throne.
+</p>
+<p>
+Berkeley, in his <i>Naval History</i>, p. 49, says, that at the time of the
+Saxon
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page87"
+  name="page87">
+  </a>[pg 87]
+</span>
+ invasion, Gurthefyr or Vortimer, King of the Britons, with a fleet,
+opposed the Saxons under Hengist; and after an obstinate engagement, the
+Britons were victorious, notwithstanding the inferiority of their vessels
+to those of the Saxons, both in number and size.
+</p>
+<p>
+The Welsh, at the time of King Alfred, must have had some knowledge of
+nautical architecture and affairs, (according to Berkeley's <i>Naval
+History</i>, p. 69,) for the great Alfred discovering the necessity of
+establishing a naval force for the purpose of resisting the incursions of
+the Danes, prevailed on several natives of Wales to superintend its
+construction, and subsequently conferred on them some of the most
+distinguished posts in his fleet. And as a proof of the nautical spirit of
+the Welsh, we have the fact of Prince Madog, son of Owain Gwynedd, about
+the year 1170, going on a voyage in search of a new country, where he
+would be free from the dreadful dissensions which were ravaging his native
+country.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Caer Ludd</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+CYMMRO.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3>ENGLISH PUNISHMENTS IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II.</h3>
+<h4><i>(For the Mirror.)</i></h4>
+
+<p>
+Impoysonments, so ordinarily in Italy, are so abominable amongst English,
+as 21 Henry VIII. it was made high treason, though since repealed; after
+which the punishment for it was to be put alive into a caldron of water,
+and then boiled to death; at present it is felony without benefit of
+clergy.
+</p>
+<p>
+If a criminal indicted of petit treason, or felony, refuseth to answer or
+to put himself upon a legal tryal, then for such standing mute and
+contumacy, he is presently to undergo that horrible punishment called
+<i>Peine forte et dure</i>; that is, to be sent back to the prison from whence
+he came, and there laid in some low, dark room, upon the bare ground, on
+his back, all naked, his arms and legs drawn with cords, fastened to the
+several corners of the room; then shall be laid upon his body, iron and
+stone, so much as he may bear, or more; the next day he shall have three
+morsels of barley bread without drink, and the third day shall have drink
+of the water next to the prison door, except it be running water, without
+bread; and this shall be his diet till he die. Which grievous kind of
+death some stout fellows have sometimes chosen, that so not being tryed
+and convicted of their crimes, their estates may not be forfeited to the
+king, but descend to their children, nor their blood stained.
+</p>
+<p>
+Perjury, by bearing false witness upon oath, is punished with the pillory,
+called <i>Callistrigium</i>, burnt in the forehead with a P, his trees growing
+upon his ground to be rooted up, and his goods confiscated.
+</p>
+<p>
+G.K.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3>PORTRAIT OF CHRIST.</h3>
+<h4><i>(For the Mirror.)</i></h4>
+
+<p>
+The following extract is from a manuscript in the possession of the family
+of Kelly, now in Lord Kelly's library, which was taken from the original
+letter of Publius Lentulus at Rome.
+</p>
+<p>
+It being the usual custom of the Roman governors to advertise the senate
+and people of Rome of such material things as happened in their provinces,
+in the days of the Emperor Tiberius Caesar, Publius Lentulus, President of
+Judaea, wrote the following epistle to the senate, respecting Our Saviour
+Jesus Christ.
+</p>
+<p>
+"There appeared in these our days, a man of great virtue, named Jesus
+Christ, who is yet living amongst us, and of the Gentiles he is accepted
+as a Prophet of Truth; but his disciples call him the Son of God. He
+raiseth the dead, and cureth all manner of diseases: a man of stature
+somewhat tall and comely, with very reverend countenance, such as
+beholders may both love and fear: his hair is of the colour of the
+chestnut, full ripe, plain to his ears, whence downward it is more orient,
+curling and waving about his shoulders; in the middle of his head is a
+seam or partition of his hair, after the manner of the Nazarites; his face
+without spot or wrinkles, beautified with a living red; his nose and mouth
+so formed as nothing can be represented; his beard thickish, in colour
+like his hair, not very long, but forked; his look innocent and mature;
+his eyes grey, clear, and quick. In reproving he is terrible; in
+admonishing, courteous and fair spoken&mdash;pleasant in conversation, mixed
+with gravity. It cannot be recollected that any have seen him laugh, but
+many have seen him weep. In proportion of body most excellent; his hands
+and arms most delectable to behold; in speaking, very temperate, modest,
+and wise. A man for his singular beauty far surpassing the children of
+men."
+</p>
+<p>
+VERITAS.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page88"
+  name="page88">
+  </a>[pg 88]
+</span>
+
+<h3>BRIGHTON IN 1743.</h3>
+<div class="figure" style="width:100%;">
+  <a href="images/533-001.png">
+  <img width = "100%" src="images/533-002.png" alt="BRIGHTON IN 1743." />
+  </a>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+(Whoever has enjoyed the natural beauties or artificial luxuries of
+BRIGHTON&mdash;the <i>Daphne</i> of our metropolis&mdash;will feel some curiosity
+respecting its origin and progress from an obscure fishing-town to such a
+focus of wealth and fashion as at this moment it presents. The celebrity
+of Brighton, we may observe, extends throughout the empire, and is almost
+as well known to the plodding and stay-at-home townsman of the north as to
+the luxurious idler ever and anon in quest of new pleasures. As the
+occasional abode of the Royal Family, its name has figured in the Court
+records of the last half century. Of late years, however, Brighton has
+assumed an extent and importance which may be referred to a spirit of
+speculative enterprise unparalleled in the fortunes of any other town in
+the United Kingdom. Not only has a palace, but squares of palatial
+mansions, terraces, crescents, and streets, nay, very towns of splendid
+houses, have sprung up with fairy-like rapidity; and Brighton has thus
+become, not merely a fashionable resort for the season, but a place of
+permanent residence for a very large proportion of wealthy individuals.
+Our present purpose is, however, to illustrate the past obscurity and not
+the present high palmy state of Brighton. Our own recollections would
+carry us back nearly a score of years, when the Pavilion or Marine Palace
+was a plain, neat, villa-like building, with verandas to command a
+prospect of the sea; and when the Steines scarcely merited the designation
+of enclosures: when a roomy yellow-washed mansion occupied the upper end
+of the old Steine, and was pointed to as once the house of Dr. Russell, to
+whom Brighton owes much of its early fame; its site being now occupied by
+a superb hotel: when Phoebe Hassell and Martha Gunn were the lionesses of
+the place&mdash;the one by land and the other by sea: and when not a carriage
+entered Brighton without the electioneering salute of half a score of blue
+gownswomen with cards of their crazy machines to give you a
+tenancy-at-will of the ocean. But, our quoted particulars of Brighton
+invest it with a much earlier interest than our brief memory can supply.
+They are historical as well as topographical, from the primitive records
+of the place, and are accompanied by a view of the town from the sea, as
+it appeared in the year 1743, or about 90 years since. For this and the
+interesting details which accompany it we are indebted to a History of
+Brighthelmston published by Dr. Anthony Rhelan towards the close of the
+last century, and lately edited and reprinted by Mr. Mitchell of Brighton,
+with the benevolent intention of aiding the funds of the Sussex County
+Infirmary, by the profits arising from the sale of the work. It requires
+an almost microscopic eye to distinguish the buildings in the Cut. The
+Royal standard on the fort, is, by an error of the artist,
+disproportionally large.)
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page89"
+  name="page89">
+  </a>[pg 89]
+</span>
+ The town of Brighthelmston,
+<a id="footnotetag2"
+ name="footnotetag2">
+</a>
+<sup>
+  <a href="#footnote2">2
+  </a>
+</sup> in the county of
+Sussex, is situated on the banks of the sea, at the bottom of a bay of the
+same name, formed to the east by Beachy-Head, and by Worthing point to the
+West.
+</p>
+<p>
+The bay is a bold and deep shore exposed to the open sea: from the banks
+or cliffs a clean gravel runs to the sea terminating in a hard sand, free
+from every mixture of ooze, and those offensive beds of mud, so frequently
+found at the mouths of rivers, and on many shores.
+</p>
+<p>
+The town is built on a rising hill with a south-east exposition; defended
+towards the north by hills, whose ascent is easy, and view pleasing;
+bounded on the west by a fruitful and extensive cornfield, descending
+gently from the Downs to the banks of the sea, and leading to Shoreham;
+and on the east by a most beautiful lawn called the Steine, which runs
+winding up into the country among hills, to the distance of some miles.
+</p>
+<p>
+The soil here, and over all the south Downs, is a chalk rock covered with
+earth of various kinds and depths in different places.
+</p>
+<p>
+The country round Brighthelmston is open and free from woods, and finely
+diversified with hills and valleys. Hence the advantage of exercise may be
+always enjoyed in fair weather: it is ever cool on the hills, and a
+shelter may be constantly found in the valleys from excess of wind.
+</p>
+<p>
+The hills are in some places steep, but everywhere covered with a green
+sward from the bottom to the top.
+<a id="footnotetag3"
+ name="footnotetag3">
+</a>
+<sup>
+  <a href="#footnote3">3
+  </a>
+</sup> On the summit of these the prospect
+is extensive and varied; towards the sea there is an uninterrupted view
+from Beachy-head to the Isle of Wight; towards the land, or <i>weald</i> side,
+the view, in the opinion of the great Mr. Ray, is no where to be equalled;
+and from this very prospect, compared with that of the Isle of Ely, he
+infers the wisdom of God in the construction of hills.
+</p>
+<p>
+The Downs here run parallel to the sea; the turf of them is remarkably
+fine; they are from six to ten miles broad: so that this delightful
+country cannot be deemed a confined one.
+</p>
+<p>
+The merit of the situation of this town has within these few years
+attracted a great resort of the principal gentry of this kingdom, and
+engaged them in a summer residence here. And there is reason to believe,
+that in the earliest times it was in the highest estimation. The altars of
+the Druids, the only surviving remains of the ancient Britons, are no
+where to be seen in greater number.
+<a id="footnotetag4"
+ name="footnotetag4">
+</a>
+<sup>
+  <a href="#footnote4">4
+  </a>
+</sup> And although there are here no
+traces of temples, no images here existing, yet does not their want in any
+shape invalidate the supposition of this place's having been an original
+residence of theirs, as it seems to have been a received principle in all
+countries where Druidism prevailed, that the confining the Deity within
+walls, or the representing him in any human figure, were unworthy of his
+majesty, and unsuitable to his immensity. But the position of these altars,
+and the local circumstances answering so exactly to their customary choice
+of places, leave but little room to doubt of their having had a residence
+here.
+</p>
+<p>
+The attachment of our ancestors to this place may be further illustrated
+by our taking a view of the efforts they made to preserve it.
+</p>
+<p>
+Suetonius, relating the invasion of Britain by Vespasian, says, "Tricies
+cum hoste conflixit; duas validissimas gentes, superque xx oppida, et
+Insulam Vectem Britanniae proximam in deditionem redegit." Cap. iv. Now,
+that one of these nations inhabited the Downs of Sussex, seems probable
+from their vicinity to the Isle of Wight, and in some measure confirmed by
+the lines and intrenchments still subsisting between Brighthelmston and
+Lewes, where the principal scene of action must have been, and bearing
+every Roman mark.
+</p>
+<p>
+That there was a Roman station in this neighbourhood is admitted by the
+antiquarians, though its exact situation is not as yet ascertained. The
+Portus Aldurni, placed by the learned Selden at Aldrington, two miles to
+the west of Brighthelmston, is by the ingenious Tabor presumed to have
+been at East Bourne, eighteen miles to the east of it: yet there are many
+local and incidental circumstances belonging to this place, and which are
+wanting in those towns, that render a conjecture probable as to its having
+been a Roman station.
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page90"
+  name="page90">
+  </a>[pg 90]
+</span>
+
+</p>
+<p>
+The Praepositus of the Exploratores, whose office was to discover the
+state and motions of the enemy, and who was certainly in this part of
+Sussex, could be no where more advantageously placed than in the elevated
+situations of the strong camps at Hollingsbury and White-Hawke, commanding
+a most extensive view of the whole coast from Beachy-Head to the Isle of
+Wight. The form of this town is almost a perfect square; the streets are
+built at right angles to each other, and its situation is to the south
+east, the favourite one among the Romans. To these may be added, that an
+urn has been some time ago dug up in this neighbourhood, containing a
+thousand silver denarii marked from Antoninus Pius to Philip, during which
+tract of time Britain was probably a Roman province. And, lastly, the
+vestiges of a true Roman via running from Shoreham towards Lewes, at a
+small distance above this town have been lately discovered by an ingenious
+gentleman truly conversant in matters of this nature.
+</p>
+<p>
+The light sometimes obtained in these dark matters from a similitude of
+sounds in the ancient and modern names of places, is not to be had in
+assisting the present conjecture. Its ancient one, as far as I can learn,
+is no way discoverable; and its modern one may be owing either to this
+town's belonging formerly to, or being countenanced in a particular manner
+by a Bishop Brighthelm, who, during the Saxon government of the island,
+lived in this neighbourhood: or perhaps may be deduced from the ships of
+this town having their helms better ornamented than those of their
+neighbouring ones.
+</p>
+<p>
+It is true here are no hypocausts, Mosaic pavements, inscriptions, or any
+other delicate monuments of Roman antiquity,
+<a id="footnotetag5"
+ name="footnotetag5">
+</a>
+<sup>
+  <a href="#footnote5">5
+  </a>
+</sup> that might corroborate in
+a stronger manner this supposition: these, if any such existed here, have
+been defaced by time, or destroyed by the undiscerning inhabitants of the
+place.
+</p>
+<p>
+During the Saxon aera, this town was almost the centre of the kingdom of
+the South Saxons; and consequently could not be the scene of much action.
+It submitted to the various revolutions which prevailed at different times,
+until the Norman conquest.
+</p>
+<p>
+The conqueror landed at Hastings forty miles distant to the east of this
+town; so that his troops never came near it. Yet, the fate of England
+being decided by the bloody engagement at Battel, this town, with many
+other large possessions in the county, was granted to William de Warren,
+who married the Conqueror's daughter: and he soon made it part of the
+endowment of that rich priory, which he founded at Lewes.
+</p>
+<p>
+This resigning of the town into the hands of monks was a fatal stroke to
+its ancient greatness. Too attentive to their own immediate interest, and
+too regardless of that of their vassals, as soon as they were in
+possession of it, they laboured, and with success, to obtain an exemption
+for it from supplying the king with ships, or affording him such other
+succour, as a large and powerful maritime town ought to have done, on the
+pretence of its being part of a religious estate.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>(To be concluded in our next.)</i>
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>FINE ARTS</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>LARGE PAINTED WINDOW OF THE CRUCIFIXION.</h3>
+
+<p>
+Mr. Wilmshurst has nearly completed a fine copy, on glass, of Mr. Hilton's
+celebrated picture of the Crucifixion. It consists of 118 squares, 15 by
+21 inches each, fitted into copper frames, in a large centre and two sides;
+in all 19 feet high, and 15 feet wide, intended for a Venetian window-case
+in St. George's Church, Liverpool. The original picture was painted for
+this purpose, by commission from the Corporation, in the year 1826, for
+which the artist received 1,000 guineas. Perhaps in all the productions of
+British art there is not a more appropriate subject for the embellishment
+of a church, than Hilton's representation of this sublime event. The
+countenance and figure of the crucified Saviour are admirably drawn: his
+placid resignation is finely contrasted with the muscular figures of the
+two thieves struggling in the last agonies of torture: the spike-nails and
+blood-drops of the hands and feet, and the title on the cross are closely
+preserved. The group of women at the foot of the cross, the lifeless form,
+drooping hand, anxious eye, and gushing tear, the terrified and afflicted
+populace, and the unperturbed devotional gaze of a few by-standers are too
+among the masterly beauties of this composition. The lights are well kept,
+and the entire effect of the Window is that of awe-inspiring grandeur.
+</p>
+<p>
+It is somewhat curious, that on the evening Mr. Wilmshurst put
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page91"
+  name="page91">
+  </a>[pg 91]
+</span>
+ together
+his Liverpool Window, his larger Window of the Field of Cloth of Gold, was
+totally destroyed by fire, and by the next morning all its glories were
+melted (or vitrified) into tears.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>THE TWA BURDIES.</h3>
+<h3>BY THE ETTRICK SHEPHERD.</h3>
+
+<div class="poem">
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>When the winter day had past an' gane,</p>
+    <p>Twa wee burdies came into our hearth stane;</p>
+    <p>An' they lookit a'round them wi' little din,</p>
+    <p>As if they had living souls within.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>"O, bonny burdies, come tell to me</p>
+    <p>If ye are twa burdies o' this countrye?</p>
+    <p>An' where ye were gaun when ye tint your gate,</p>
+    <p>A-winging the winter shower sae late?"</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>"We are cauld, we are cauld&mdash;ye maun let us bide,</p>
+    <p>For our father's gane, an' our mother's a bride:</p>
+    <p>But in her bride's bed though she be,</p>
+    <p>We would rather cour on the earth wi' thee!"</p>
+    </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>"O, bonny burdies, my heart is sair</p>
+    <p>To see twa motherless broods sae fair.</p>
+    <p>But flee away, burdies! flee away!</p>
+    <p>For I darenae bide wi' you till day."</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>"Ye maun let us bide till our feathers dry,</p>
+    <p>For the time of our trial's drawing nigh.</p>
+    <p>A voice will call at the hour eleven,</p>
+    <p>An' a naked sword appear in heaven!</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>"There's an offering to make, but not by men,</p>
+    <p>On altar as white as the snow of the glen&mdash;</p>
+    <p>There's a choice to be made, and a vow to pay,</p>
+    <p>And blood to spill ere the break of day."</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>"O, tell me, beings of marvellous birth,</p>
+    <p>If ye are twa creatures of heaven or earth?</p>
+    <p>For ye look an' ye speak, I watnae how&mdash;</p>
+    <p>But I'm fear'd, I'm fear'd, little burdies for you!"</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>"Ye needna be fear'd, for it's no our part</p>
+    <p>To injure the kind and the humble heart;</p>
+    <p>And those whose trust is in heaven high,</p>
+    <p>The Angel of God will aye be nigh.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>We were twa sisters bred in a bower,</p>
+    <p>As gay as the lark an' as fair as the flower;</p>
+    <p>But few of the ills of this world we proved,</p>
+    <p>Till we were slain by the hands we loved.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Our bodies into the brake were flung,</p>
+    <p>To feed the hawks and the ravens young;</p>
+    <p>And there our little bones reclined,</p>
+    <p>And white they bleach'd in the winter wind.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Our youngest sister found them there,</p>
+    <p>And wiped them clean wi' her yellow hair;</p>
+    <p>And every day she sits and grieves,</p>
+    <p>And covers them o'er wi' the wabron leaves.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Then our twin souls they sought the sky,</p>
+    <p>And were welcome guests in the heavens high;</p>
+    <p>And we gat our choice through all the spheres</p>
+    <p>What lives to lead for a thousand years.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Then humble, old matron, lend us thine aid,</p>
+    <p>For this night the choice is to be made;</p>
+    <p>And we have sought thy lowly hearth</p>
+    <p>For the last advice thou giv'st on earth.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Say, shall we skim o'er this earth below,</p>
+    <p>Beholding its scenes of joy and woe;</p>
+    <p>And try to reward the virtuous heart,</p>
+    <p>And make the unjust and the sinner smart?</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Or shall we choose the star of love,</p>
+    <p>In a holy twilight still to move;</p>
+    <p>Or fly to frolic, light and boon,</p>
+    <p>On the silver mountains of the moon?</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>O, tell us, for we hae nane beside!</p>
+    <p>Our daddy's gane, and our mammy's a bride.</p>
+    <p>She is blitliely laid in her bridal sheet,</p>
+    <p>But a spirit stands at her bed feet.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Ay, though she be laid in her bridal bed,</p>
+    <p>There is guiltless blood upon her head;</p>
+    <p>And on her soul the hue of a crime,</p>
+    <p>That will never wash out till the end of time.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Advise, advise! dear matron, advise!</p>
+    <p>For you are humble, devout, and wise.</p>
+    <p>We ask a last advice from you&mdash;</p>
+    <p>Our hour is come&mdash;what shall we do?"</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>"O, wondrous creatures, ye maun allow</p>
+    <p>I naething can ken of beings like you;</p>
+    <p>But ere the voice calls at eleven,</p>
+    <p>Go ask your Father who is in heaven."</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Away, away, the burdies flew</p>
+    <p>Aye singing, "Adieu, kind heart, adieu!</p>
+    <p>They that hae blood on their hands may rue</p>
+    <p>Afore the day-beam kiss the dew.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>There's naught sae heinous in human life</p>
+    <p>As taking a helpless baby's life;</p>
+    <p>There's naething sae kind aneath the sky</p>
+    <p>As cheering the heart that soon maun die."</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>The morning came wi' drift an' snaw,</p>
+    <p>And with it news frae the bridal-ha',</p>
+    <p>That death had been busy, and blood was spilt,</p>
+    <p>May Heaven preserve us all from guilt!</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>They tell of a deed&mdash;Believe't who can?</p>
+    <p>Such tale was never told by man;</p>
+    <p>The bridegroom is gone in fire and flood,</p>
+    <p>And the bridal-bed is steep'd with blood!</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>The poor auld matron died ere day,</p>
+    <p>And was found as life was passing away;</p>
+    <p>And twa bonny burdies sang in the bed,</p>
+    <p>The one at the feet, the other the head.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Now I have heard tales, and told them too,</p>
+    <p>Hut this is beyond what I could do;</p>
+    <p>And far hae I ridden, and far hae I gane,</p>
+    <p>But burdies like these I never saw nane.</p>
+  </div>
+</div>
+<p>
+<i>Fraser's Magazine.</i>
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3>ELLISTON AND THE ASS' HEAD.</h3>
+
+<p>
+Elliston was, in his day, the Napoleon of Drury-lane, but, like the
+conqueror at Austerlitz, he suffered his declensions, and the Surrey
+became to him a St. Helena. However, once an eagle always an eagle; and
+Robert William was no less aquiline in the day of adversity than in his
+palmy time of patent prosperity. He was born to carry things with a high
+hand, and he but fulfilled his destiny. The anecdote which we are about to
+relate, is one of the ten thousand instances of his lordly bearing. When,
+the season before last, "no effects" was written over the treasury-door of
+Covent-garden theatre, it will be remembered that several actors proffered
+their services <i>gratis</i>, in aid of the then humble, but now arrogant and
+persecuting establishment. Among these patriots was Mr. T.P. Cooke&mdash;(it
+was just after his promotion to the honorary rank of Admiral of the Blue).
+The Covent-garden managers jumped at the offer of the actor, who was in
+due time announced as having, in the true play-bill style, "most
+generously volunteered his services for six nights!" Cooke was advertised
+for <i>William</i>; Elliston having "most generously lent [N.B. this was <i>not</i>
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page92"
+  name="page92">
+  </a>[pg 92]
+</span>
+put in the bill] his musical score of <i>Black-Eyed Susan</i>, together with
+the identical captains' coats, worn at a hundred-and-fifty court-martials
+at the Surrey Theatre!" Cooke&mdash;the score&mdash;the coats, were all accepted,
+and made the most of by the now prosecuting managers of Covent-garden, who
+cleared out of the said Cooke, score, and coats, one thousand pounds at
+half-price on the first six nights of their exhibition. This is a fact;
+nay, we have lately heard it stated that all the sum was specially banked,
+to be used in a future war against the minors. Cooke was then engaged for
+twelve more nights, at ten pounds per night&mdash;a hackney-coach bringing him
+each night, hot from the Surrey stage, where he had previously made
+bargemen weep, and thrown nursery-maids into convulsions. Well, time drove
+on, and Cooke drove into the country. Elliston, who was always classical,
+having a due veneration for that divine "creature," Shakspeare, announced,
+on the anniversary of the poet's birth-day, a representation of the
+Stratford Jubilee. The wardrobe was ransacked, the property-man was on the
+alert; and, after much preparation, every thing was in readiness for the
+imposing spectacle.&mdash;No! There was one thing forgotten&mdash;one important
+"property!" <i>Bottom</i> must be a "feature" in the procession, and there was
+no ass's head! it would not do for the acting manager to apologize for the
+absence of the head&mdash;no, <i>he</i> could not have the face to do it. A head
+must be procured! Every one was in doubt and trepidation, when hope
+sounded in the clarion-like voice of Robert William. "Ben!" exclaimed
+Elliston, "take pen, ink, and paper, and write as follows!" Ben (Mr.
+Benjamin Fairbrother, the late manager's most trusty secretary) sat, "all
+ear" and Elliston, with finger on nether lip, proceeded.&mdash;
+</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"My dear Charles,</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+I am about to represent, 'with entirely new dresses, scenery, and
+decorations,' the Stratford Jubilee, in honour of the sweet swan of Avon.
+My scene-painter is the finest artist (except your Grieve) in Europe&mdash;my
+tailor is no less a genius, and I lately raised the salary of my
+property-man. This will give you some idea of the capabilities of the
+Surrey Theatre. However, in the hurry of "getting up," we have forgotten
+one property&mdash;every thing is well with us but our <i>Bottom</i>, and he wants a
+head. As it is too late to manufacture, not but that my property-man is
+the cleverest in the world (except the property-man of Covent-garden), can
+<i>you</i>, lend me an ass's head, and believe me, my dear Charles,
+</div>
+
+  <div class="stanza">
+  <p>Yours ever truly,</p>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="stanza">
+  <p class="i4">ROBERT WILLIAM ELLISTON."</p>
+</div>
+
+  <div class="stanza">
+"P.S. I had forgotten to acknowledge the return of the <i>Black-Eyed Susan</i>
+score, and coats. You were most welcome to them."
+  </div>
+</div>
+<p>
+The letter was dispatched to Covent-garden Theatre, and in a brief time
+the bearer returned with the following answer:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem">
+  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"MY DEAR ROBERT,</p>
+  </div>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+It is with the most acute pain that I am compelled to refuse your
+trifling request. You are aware, my dear Sir, of the unfortunate situation
+of Covent-garden Theatre; it being at the present moment, with all the
+'dresses, scenery, and decorations,' in the Court of Chancery, I cannot
+exercise that power which my friendship would dictate. I have spoken to
+Bartley, and he agrees with me (indeed, he always does), that I cannot
+lend you an ass's head&mdash;he is an authority on such a subject&mdash;without
+risking a reprimand from the Lord High Chancellor. Trusting to your
+generosity, and to your liberal construction of my refusal&mdash;and hoping
+that it will in no way interrupt that mutually cordial friendship that has
+ever subsisted between us.
+</div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+<p>Believe me, ever yours,</p>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="stanza">
+<p class="i4">CHARLES KEMBLE."</p>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="stanza">
+"P.S. When I next see you advertised for <i>Rover</i>, I intend to leave myself
+out of the bill to come and see it."
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>
+Of course this letter did not remain long unanswered. Ben was again in
+requisition, and the following was the result of his labours:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"DEAR CHARLES,</p>
+</div>
+
+  <div class="stanza">
+I regret the situation of Covent-garden Theatre&mdash;I also, for your sake,
+deeply regret that the law does not permit you to send me the 'property'
+in question. I knew that law alone could prevent you; for were it not for
+the vigilance of Equity, such is my opinion of the management of
+Covent-garden, that I am convinced, if left to the dictates of its own
+judgment, it would be enabled to spare asses' heads, not to the Surrey
+atone, but to every theatre in Christendom.
+</div>
+
+ <div class="stanza">
+<p>Yours ever truly,</p>
+</div>
+
+  <div class="stanza">
+<p class="i4">ROBERT WILLIAM ELLISTON."</p>
+</div>
+
+  <div class="stanza">
+"P.S. My wardrobe-keeper informs me that there are no less than seven
+buttons missing from the captains' coats. However, I have ordered their
+places to be instantaneously filled by others."
+</div>
+</div>
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page93"
+  name="page93">
+  </a>[pg 93]
+</span>
+
+<p>
+We entreat our readers not to receive the above as a squib of invention.
+We will not pledge ourselves that the letters are <i>verbatim</i> from the
+originals; but the loan of the Surrey music and coats to Covent-garden,
+with the refusal of Covent-garden's ass's head to the Surrey, is "true as
+holy writ."
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Monthly Magazine.</i>
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>NOTES OF A READER.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>THE BOOK OF INSTRUCTION.</h3>
+
+<p>
+This is styled by the publisher "The Child's <i>Annual;</i>" we do not think
+reasonably so, since instruction is suited for all times. It is a
+tolerably thick volume, and contains the <i>Easies</i> of Grammar, Geography,
+Arithmetic, Natural History, Punctuation, History, Poetry, Music, and
+Dancing; with outlines of Agriculture, Anatomy, Architecture, Astronomy,
+Botany, and other branches of science and knowledge&mdash;a Chronology and
+description of the London public buildings. The contents, to be sure, are
+multifarious; but the book is we think made of a series of books to be
+purchased separately. Every page has a coloured cut of a very gay order.
+Cottages have yellow roofs and pink doors; and shopkeepers are dressed in
+crimson and orange. Some of the grammatical illustrations are droll: a
+heavy old fellow, cross-legged, with his hands folded on a stick is
+<i>myself</i>; Punch is an <i>active verb</i>; a wedding might have illustrated the
+conjunction; four in hand is a preposition. In punctuation, a child asking
+what o'clock it is, illustrates a note of interrogation. We could have
+supplied the editor with the Colon: a little girl who had much difficulty
+in understanding its use, one day complained that a pain in her stomach
+was as bad as a colon. The pictures in Geography are not so good as they
+might have been; and it would have been easy to give correct outlines of
+animals, since others mislead children. Music made easy is better, as are
+Steps to Dancing. The Chronology is faulty and ill-adapted for children:
+what do the little dears want to know of the sale of Cobbett's Register,
+or Mr. Fletcher and Miss Dick. There are certain things which children
+should know, and others which they should not hear of. Show them as many
+of the virtues of mankind as you please: prepare the soil well, and there
+will be less chance of vicious weeds. Altogether this book merits
+recommendation. It is nicely bound, as the Guinea Annual folks say, partly
+in <i>Arabesque.</i>
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3>CHEAP MEDICINE.</h3>
+
+<p>
+A publisher who pays much regard to usefulness and economy in reprints has
+put forth <i>Buchan's Domestic Medicine</i> for something less than a crown,
+with a supplementary "Cholera Morbus, its history, symptoms, mode of
+treatment, antidotes,&amp;c." By the way, we have often thought Buchan's book
+like the Dead Sea: you cannot fall into the latter without some of its
+water incrusting on you, and you cannot read Buchan without feeling an
+ache. Its popularity is founded upon the hackneyed adage "the knowledge of
+a disease is half its cure." People will pore over its sea of calamities
+till they almost fall into the fire, or get scalded with the water from a
+kettle, and then turn to the Index, Scalds, page 326: perhaps this is a
+good plan to test the practical value of a book, as the surgeon scalded
+two fingers and plunged one into turpentine and the other into spirits of
+wine to test their respective services in case of a scald.
+</p>
+<p>
+Here too we may notice a cheap <i>Companion to the Family Medicine Chest,</i>
+with an alphabetical arrangement of Medicines, their properties, and plain
+rules for taking them; with the Cholera, of course, as a rider, and
+cautions respecting suspended animation and poisons. The little
+shillingsworth is in its fifteenth edition, so that many thousand persons
+must have taken many million doses by its prescription, and in some cases
+become their own medicine chests, with this book as their companion.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>HERBERT'S COUNTRY PARSON, &amp;c.</h3>
+
+<p>
+Readers who delight to slake their thirst for knowledge from the deep and
+pure wells of our olden literature will rejoice to hear of a cheap and
+elegant reprint of this beautiful little book. Perchance some book-buyer
+need be told that the above is a book to live by&mdash;an invaluable legacy of
+a parish priest to his brethren and the world. The author George Herbert,
+was born in 1593, near Montgomery, in the castle that had been
+successively happy in the Herberts, as Isaak Walton observes, "a family
+that hath been blest with men of remarkable wisdom." Herbert was educated
+at Cambridge, where he obtained the friendship of "the great secretary of
+nature and all learning, Sir Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam," who consulted
+Herbert "before he would expose any of his books to be printed, and
+dedicated a version of the Psalms to him as the best judge of divine
+poetry." Herbert
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page94"
+  name="page94">
+  </a>[pg 94]
+</span> was patronized by James I. who, for an elegant Latin
+oration, gave him a sinecure of 120<i>l</i>. a-year, for in those days the only
+Royal Society of Literature was in the palace; it is now among subjects,
+and too little in the Court. Upon the death of James, Herbert's Court
+hopes died also, and he betook himself to a retreat from London. In this
+retirement, "he had many conflicts with himself, whether he should return
+to the painted pleasures of court life or betake himself to the study of
+divinity, and enter into sacred orders." He chose the latter. He married
+well. In 1630 he was inducted into the parsonage of Bemerton, a mile from
+Salisbury; the third day after which, he said to his wife, "You are now a
+minister's wife, and must now so far forget your father's house, as not to
+claim a precedence of any one of your parishioners; for you are to know
+that a priest's wife can challenge no precedence or place, but that which
+she purchases by her obliging humility; and I am sure, places so purchased
+do best become them. And let me tell you, that I am so good a herald, as
+to assure you that this is truth." These rules his meek wife observed with
+cheerful willingness. Herbert now set about his "Priest to the Temple: or
+the Country Parson, his character, and rule of Holy Life." Unlike many
+doctrinists, he practised his own rules: he was a self-example of his own
+precepts, and his book was the rule of his own life; or, as Walton more
+beautifully explains it "his behaviour towards God and man may be said to
+be a practical comment on the holy rules set down in that useful book."
+Thus, he sets forth the Diversities of a Pastor's life: the Parson's life,
+knowledge, praying, preaching, Sundays, house, courtesy, charity, church,
+comfort, eye, mirth, &amp;c.; his prayers before and after Sermon, with a few
+poetical pieces of quaint but touching sweetness. His poetry has been
+censured for its point and antithesis; but he cultivated the poetical art
+to convey moral and devotional sentiments; others excel him in smoothness
+of versification, but not in benevolent purpose. Herbert though himself a
+pattern of humility, was younger brother of the celebrated Lord Herbert of
+Cherbury, whom Horace Walpole abuses for his beauty and gallant bearing,
+tinctured it must be allowed, with affected notions of high birth. But the
+gay philosopher of Cherbury lived in the last days of chivalry, and had
+their light but gleamed upon Walpole, he would, in all probability, have
+borne the very qualities which he so loudly censures in Herbert. The
+pastor Herbert's wife was nearly related to Lord Danby, so that the
+caution which we have quoted was perhaps requisite. As Herbert sank his
+own high birth, it was but fit that his wife should forget hers also.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3>THE NEW BATH GUIDE.</h3>
+
+<p>
+What a change from grave to gay&mdash;from the moral antitheses of Herbert's
+<i>Country Parson</i> to the fun and folly of Anstey's New Bath Guide, with
+etchings by George Cruikshank, and cuts admirably designed and engraved by
+S. Williams&mdash;as Mr. Simkin dressing for the ball:
+</p>
+<div class="poem">
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>But what with my Nivernois hat can compare,</p>
+    <p>Bag-wig and laced ruffles, and black solitaire,</p>
+    <p>And what can a man of true fashion denote,</p>
+    <p>Like an ell of good riband tyed under the throat.</p>
+  </div>
+</div>
+<p>
+and "We three blunder-heads," two frizzled physicians of the last century,
+and the invariably accompanying cane, or Esculapian wand. This edition is
+by Mr. Britton, who has prefixed a dedication and an essay on the genius
+of Anstey, both of which sparkle with humour and lively anecdote; and an
+amusing sketch of Bath as it is. Among the anecdotical notes to the Poem
+it is stated that Dodsley acknowledged about ten years after he had
+purchased the "Bath Guide," that the profits from its sale were greater
+than on any other book he had published. He generously gave up the
+copyright to the author in 1777, who had 200<i>l</i>. for the copyright after
+the second edition. Yet Dodsley, with all his liberality lived to be rich,
+though he originally was footman to the Hon. Mrs. Lowther; so true is it
+that genius and perseverance will find their way upwards from any station.
+</p>
+<p>
+There is a pleasant anecdote of the late John Palmer, who, it will be
+remembered, was somewhat stiltish. "Palmer, whose father was a
+bill-sticker, and who had occasionally practised in the same humble
+occupation himself, strutting one evening in the green-room at Drury-Lane
+Theatre, in a pair of glittering buckles, a gentleman present remarked
+that they greatly resembled diamonds. 'Sir,' said Palmer, with warmth, 'I
+would have you to know, that I never wear anything but diamonds.' 'Jack,
+your pardon,' replied the gentleman, 'I remember the time when you wore
+nothing but <i>paste!</i>' This produced a loud laugh, which was heightened by
+Parsons jogging him on the elbow, and drily saying, 'Jack, why don't you
+<i>stick him against the wall?</i>'"
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page95"
+  name="page95">
+  </a>[pg 95]
+</span>
+Another. Mr. Quin, upon his first going to Bath, found he was charged most
+exorbitantly for every thing; and, at the end of a week, complained to
+Nash, who had invited him thither, as the cheapest place in England for a
+man of taste and a <i>bon vivant</i>. The master of the ceremonies, who knew
+that Quin relished a pun, replied, "They have acted by you on truly
+Christian principles." "How so?" says Quin. "Why," answered Nash, "you
+were a <i>stranger</i>, and they <i>took you in</i>." "Ay" rejoined Quin; "but they
+have fleeced me, instead of clothed me."
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3>THE OUTLINE OF ENGLISH HISTORY,</h3>
+
+<p>
+Is a well-executed compendium for schools, and will be amusing by any
+fire-side. It not merely contains the great names, but abounds with
+curious notes on domestic life in each reign, with facts and calculations
+which must have cost the editor, Mr. Ince, many days labour. The period
+pompously termed "the Georgian Aera" is not so copious us the editor
+wishes, but a little more forethought on his part or that of the printer
+would better satisfy himself and the public.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3>SNATCHES</h3>
+
+<p>
+<i>From Mr. Bulwer's Novel of "Eugene Aram,"</i> vol. i.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Love of Nature</i>.&mdash;It has been observed and there is a world of homely, ay,
+of legislative knowledge in the observation, that wherever you see a
+flower in a cottage-garden, or a bird at the window, you may feel sure
+that the cottagers are better and wiser than their neighbours.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Humour</i>.&mdash;Where but in farces is the phraseology of the humorist always
+the same?
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Conversation Tactics</i>.&mdash;A quick, short, abrupt turn, that retrenching all
+superfluities of pronoun and conjunction, and marching at once upon the
+meaning of the sentence, had in it a military and Spartan significance,
+which betrayed how difficult it often is for a man to forget that he had
+been a corporal.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Music of Water</i>.&mdash;You saw hard by the rivulet darkening and stealing away,
+till your sight, though not your ear, lost it among the woodland.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>A fine Fellow</i>&mdash;He had strong principles as well as warm feelings, and a
+fine and resolute sense of honour utterly impervious to attack. It was
+impossible to be in his company an hour, and not see that he was a man to
+be respected. It was equally impossible to live with him a week, and not
+see that he was a man to be beloved.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Marriage</i>.&mdash;The greatest happiness which the world is capable of
+bestowing&mdash;the society and love of one in whom we could wish for no change,
+and beyond whom we have no desire.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Fatality</i>.&mdash;What evil cannot corrupt, Fate seldom spares.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Widowhood</i>.&mdash;If the blow did not crush, at least it changed him.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Comfort of Children</i>.&mdash;As his nephew and his motherless daughters grew up,
+they gave an object to his seclusion, and a relief to his reflections. He
+found a pure and unfailing delight in watching the growth of their young
+minds, and guiding their differing dispositions; and, as time at length
+enabled them to return his affection, and appreciate his cares, he became
+once more sensible that he had a home.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Intellectual Beauty</i>.&mdash;Her eyes of a deep blue, wore a thoughtful and
+serene expression, and her forehead, higher and broader than it usually is
+in women, gave promise of a certain nobleness of intellect, and added
+dignity, but a feminine dignity, to the more tender characteristics of her
+beauty.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>A Village Beauty</i>.&mdash;The sunlight of a happy and innocent heart sparkled
+on her face, and gave a beam it gladdened you to behold, to her quick
+hazel eye, and a smile that broke out from a thousand dimples.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>An unformed mind</i>.&mdash;Cheerful to outward seeming, but restless, fond of
+change, and subject to the melancholy and pining mood common to young and
+ardent minds.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Dependence</i>.&mdash;What in the world makes a man of just pride appear so
+unamiable as the sense of dependence.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Two modes of sitting in a chair</i>.&mdash;The one short, dry, fragile, and
+betraying a love of ease in his unbuttoned vest, and a certain lolling,
+see-sawing method of balancing his body upon his chair; the other, erect
+and solemn, and as steady on his seat as if he were nailed to it.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>A Soldier's simile</i>.&mdash;Your shy dog is always a deep one: give me a man
+who looks me in the face as he would a cannon.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>A Landlord's Independence</i>.&mdash;The indifference of a man well to do, and
+not ambitious of half-pence. "There's my wife by the door, friend; go,
+tell her what you want."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page96"
+  name="page96">
+  </a>[pg 96]
+</span>
+<h2>THE GATHERER</h2>
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+<i>The Opera</i>. From the number of French and German operas announced for
+performance at the King's Theatre, it should no longer be called the
+<i>Italian</i> Opera, but the <i>Foreign Opera</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Tooth Ache</i>.&mdash;Powdered alum not only relieves this annoyance, but
+prevents the decay of the tooth.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Egypt</i>.&mdash;The French are just at this moment crazy for Egyptian
+antiquities. "While Champollion (<i>on dit</i>)is about to unrol the mystic
+papyri in all their primitive significance, the celebrated Caillaud has
+preceded him with the First Numbers of a work on the Arts and Trades of
+the Egyptians, Nubians, and Ethiopians; their customs, civil, and domestic,
+with the manners and customs of the modern inhabitants of these countries."
+&mdash;<i>For. Quart. Rev.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Anne Boleyn</i>.&mdash;M. Crapelet, the celebrated Parisian printer, has just
+written and printed a beautiful little volume entitled <i>Anne Boleyn</i>,
+which is spoken of as "a careful and pains-taking attempt to exhibit a
+character hitherto strangely disfigured by party writers, in its true
+light."
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Root of the Devil</i>.&mdash;There is a strange root called the Devil's Bit
+Scabious, of which quaint old Gerard observes: "The great part of the root
+seemeth to be bitten away: old fantasticke charmers report that the devil
+did bite it for envie, because it is an herbe that hath so many good
+virtues, and is so beneficial to mankinde." Sir James Smith as quaintly
+observes, "the malice of the devil has unhappily been so successful, that
+no virtue can now be found in the remainder of the root or herb."&mdash;
+<i>Knowledge for the People.</i> Part xiv.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Onions</i>.&mdash;The British onion is of the worst description, those of Egypt
+and India being considered great delicacies. Their strong, disagreeable
+odour is attributable to the sulphur which they contain, and which is
+deposited by their juice, when exposed to heat.&mdash;<i>Ibid</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Spanish Liquorice</i> is so called from its being manufactured only in
+<i>Spain</i> and Sicily. The root grows naturally in those countries and in
+Languedoc, and in such abundance in some parts of Sicily, that it is
+considered the greatest scourge to the cultivator.&mdash;<i>Ibid</i>. (Our brewers
+and distillers would not be of this opinion were liquorice indigenous to
+this country.)
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Heat in Plants</i>.&mdash;Lamarck tells us of a plant, which during a few hours
+of its growth, is "so hot as to seem burning." Its greatest heat is stated
+at nearly 45 degrees above the temperature of the air in which the plant
+was growing.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Iceland</i> is perhaps the most deplorable spot on the world's map. "Not
+very long ago it counted at least 100,000 inhabitants. Depopulated by time,
+which has more than once introduced frightful pestilence, there are now
+not half that number. Their occupation is that of shepherds and fishermen,
+for the bitterness of the climate makes all agricultural labours vain or
+unproductive. They are scattered over the wide wastes of the country, far
+distant, in huts and farms, and it was only in 1787 that any portion of
+the population was gathered into towns, if towns may be called the two
+spots where a few families have their abode together."&mdash;<i>For. Quart. Rev.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Tobacco and Snuff</i>.&mdash;Tobacco is a narcotic and depressing poison, whose
+effect on the nerves and stomach is to destroy the appetite, prevent the
+perfect digestion of the food, create an unnatural thirst, and render the
+individual who uses it nervous and otherwise infirm. Snuff destroys the
+sense of smell, and causes a very disagreeable alteration in the voice. It
+also produces head-ache in the course of time; and by the distillation of
+its juice which falls from the posterior nostrils into the stomach during
+sleep, gives rise to weak and painful digestion.&mdash;<i>Dr. Granville</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Early Rising</i>.&mdash;From March to November, at least, no cause, save sickness,
+or one of equal weight, should retain us in bed a moment after the sun has
+risen.&mdash;<i>Dr. Granville</i>. (What say the lazy Londoners to this? In Paris,
+shops are opened and set out for the day before six o'clock in the
+mornings of spring, summer, and great part of autumn.)
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Food</i>.&mdash;Many articles of consumption, introduced in the reign of Henry
+VIII, the following distich embraces a few:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+  <div class="stanza">
+  <p>Turkey, carp, hops, pricard, and beer.</p>
+  <p>Came into England all in one year. (1525.)</p>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>
+<i>Ince's Outline of English History.</i>
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+  <a id="footnote1" name="footnote1">
+   </a><b>Footnote 1</b>:
+   <a href="#footnotetag1">
+    (return)
+   </a>
+    See <i>Rambler</i>, No. 38.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+  <a id="footnote2" name="footnote2">
+   </a><b>Footnote 2</b>:
+   <a href="#footnotetag2">
+    (return)
+   </a>
+    It appears to have been called Brighton in a terrier of lands, dated
+    in 1660.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+  <a id="footnote3" name="footnote3">
+   </a><b>Footnote 3</b>:
+   <a href="#footnotetag3">
+    (return)
+   </a>
+    In the years 1800 and 1801, when wheat was at an unprecedented price,
+    the occupiers of farms on the South Downs converted much of their
+    downland into tillage, from which they acquired abundant crops of corn.
+    The green sward when once ploughed, can never be restored to its
+    former verdure, and although grass seeds have been yearly sown in
+    succession for more than 80 years upon down formerly broken up and
+    converted into arable land, the distinctions between these parts and
+    the original down is still clearly perceptible.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+  <a id="footnote4" name="footnote4">
+   </a><b>Footnote 4</b>:
+   <a href="#footnotetag4">
+    (return)
+   </a>
+    See the remains of a Druidical altar at Goldstone (Gor or Thor stone)
+    bottom, about a mile to the north-west of the town.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+  <a id="footnote5" name="footnote5">
+   </a><b>Footnote 5</b>:
+   <a href="#footnotetag5">
+    (return)
+   </a>
+    A Mosaic pavement has been discovered at Lancing, within nine miles
+    west of the town.
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>
+<i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset House,)
+London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; G.G. BENNIS,
+55, Rue Neuve, St. Augustin, Paris; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers.</i>
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11566 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #11566 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11566)
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume 19, No. 533, Saturday, February 11, 1832.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 14, 2004 [EBook #11566]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Allen Siddle and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XIX. NO. 533.] SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1832. [PRICE 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+[Illustration: Cascade at Virginia Water.]
+
+
+CASCADE AT VIRGINIA WATER.
+
+
+This has been described as "perhaps the most striking imitation we have of
+the great works of nature:" at all events, it has less of the mimicry of
+art than similar works on a smaller scale.
+
+Virginia Water will be recollected as the largest sheet of artificial
+water in the kingdom, with the exception of that at Blenheim. Near the
+high Southampton road it forms the above cascade, descending into a glen
+romantically shaded with plantations of birch, willow, and acacia:
+
+  Hollowly here the gushing water sounds
+  With a mysterious voice; one might pause
+  Upon its echoes till it seemeth a noise
+  Of fathomless wilds where man had never walked.
+
+Or it may be described in the graphic words of Thomson:
+
+  With woods o'erhung, and shagg'd with mossy rocks,
+  Whence on each side the gushing waters play,
+  And down the rough cascade white dashing fall,
+  Or gleam in lengthened vista through the trees.
+
+Beside the cascade is a stone cave, "moss-o'ergrown," constructed with
+fragments of immense size and curious shape that were originally dug up at
+Bagshot Heath, and are supposed to be the remains of a Saxon cromlech. At
+the base of this fall, it becomes a running stream, and after winding
+through part of Surrey, falls into the Thames at Chertsey.
+
+The reader will remember Virginia Water as the favourite retreat of the
+late King; and this embellishment, (if so artificial a term can be applied
+to a cascade,) was made at the bidding of the Royal taste. It is perhaps
+the most successful of all the contrivances hereabout to aid the natural
+enchantment of the scene. We believe the present Court are not so fervent
+in their attachment to this resort; its seclusion must, however, be a
+delightful relief to the costly cares of state, and the superb suites of
+Windsor Castle. A scene of wild nature, such as the annexed is intended to
+represent, is more acceptable to our sight than all the quarterings on the
+ceiling of St. George's Hall, though they resemble the pattern-cards of
+chivalry.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LACONICS, &c.
+
+
+Our natural disposition to evil is evident in this: that vice tracks out
+its own path and stands in need of no instructor; while it requires not
+only example but discipline to initiate us in virtue.
+
+We both read and hear bitter complaints about the uncertainty of human
+affairs; and yet it is that uncertainty alone that gives life its relish,
+for novelty is the real and radical cause of all our enjoyments.
+
+There is a great outcry against fools on the part of the knaves, but
+rather with some want of policy; for if there were no fools in the world
+cunning men would have but a bad trade of it.
+
+The faults of a fool are concealed from himself while they are evident to
+the world; on the other hand the faults of the wise man are well known to
+himself, while they are masked over and invisible to the world.
+
+It has been said that "there is a pleasure in being mad that none but
+madmen know;" but this only applies to that species of madness which is
+produced by an excess of imagination eventually overpowering the judgment.
+
+The insincerity of a friend has often inclined men to seek for a surer
+reliance upon money; these unexpected shocks make us disgusted with our
+species, and it is for this reason that old men who have seen so much of
+the world become at last avaricious.
+
+The only result an inquirer after truth can derive from metaphysics will
+be to find himself silenced for the present; they rarely convince, and for
+the most part mislead.
+
+All the discoveries made within the last century were ridiculed and
+treated with contempt by our forefathers; yet we are equally prejudiced
+and hostile to all those improvements proposed to us, which will in all
+probability be adopted by our children.
+
+All those animals who are associated with man become immediately
+participants in his misery: when once domesticated they become liable to
+disease, whereas in a wild state they could have perished only from age or
+accident.
+
+If we subtract from the twenty-four hours the time spent in eating,
+sleeping, exercise, and the other indispensable cares of our existence,
+what a fraction of time is employed on our intellectual faculties! Again,
+there are few who have the means to enable them to study; fewer the talent
+requisite; and still fewer the inclination, if they have the ability.
+
+The force of habit affects even our palates; we in time acquire a relish
+for what was once perfectly nauseous. The Greenlander detests turtle soup
+as much as we abominate train oil.
+
+Courage, or a contempt of danger, is a mere animal quality, and being only
+the result of a particular formation, is entitled to no merit, though it
+may demand our applause: but moral, or acquired courage, is a very
+different thing. A man who is fortunate in the world and has a sacrifice
+to make, if he conducts himself with spirit, is also more entitled to our
+admiration than a mere desperado.
+
+F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HAMET AND RASCHID.
+
+
+AN EASTERN TALE, VERSIFIED.[1]
+
+
+  The sultry sun had gain'd the middle sky,
+  Reigning above in cloudless majesty,
+  When deep engag'd in pray'r, two neighbouring swains
+  Knelt where the common bound divides their plains.
+  Hamet and Raschid;--whilst their flocks around
+  Panting with thirst, or dying, strew the ground,
+  With hands uplift they beg their god in pray'r,
+  Themselves to pity, and their flocks to spare.
+
+  Sudden the air grew calm, no zephyr stirr'd,
+  Through all the valley not a sound was heard,
+  That instant hush'd was all the vocal grove,
+  And sounds aerial warbled from above:
+  Around each shepherd cast his wond'ring eye,
+  And down the vale was seen advancing nigh,
+  A mighty Being, whom when near he stood,
+  They knew that Genius who distributes good;
+  The sheaves of plenty in his hand they see,
+  In that the avenging sword of misery.
+
+  As nearer still the mighty Being drew,
+  Trembling they stood, and knew not what to do;
+  When lo! the Genius breath'd these solemn strains,
+  Soft as the breeze that cools Saboea's plains:--
+  "Children of dust! approach, fly not your friend,
+  I leave the heavens above, my aid to lend;
+  Water you seek, and water I bestow,
+  But ere you ask, this useful lesson know:--
+  Whate'er the body for its use enjoys,
+  Excess no less than scarcity destroys;
+  Demand no more than what your wants require,
+  Let Hamet tell me first his heart's desire."
+
+  "O, Being, great, beneficent and kind,
+  Pardon the fear that overspreads my mind;
+  On me, great God, a little brook bestow,
+  That winter rains may never overflow,
+  And when the summer droughts commence their reign,
+  Stretch forth thy hand and let the brook remain."
+
+  "'Tis yours," with accents mild the Genius cried,
+  Streams, as he speaks, o'er all the meadows glide,
+  A fresher green the fragrant shrubs display,
+  And every leaf in trembling cheers the day;
+  Slaking their raging thirst, the flocks are seen,
+  And new-born herbage clothes the earth in green.
+  "This trifling wish befits a little soul,
+  Let the great Ganges o'er my meadows roll!"
+
+  Thus Raschid spoke, and thus the God replies,
+  Rage, as he spoke, rode sparkling in his eyes:--
+  "Insatiate man, this boundless wish recall
+  Ere ruin whelm yourself, your flocks and all;
+  See you these sheaves?--Now mark this dreadful sword,
+  Those are the wise man's--this the fool's reward."
+
+  In vain he spoke; and hark, what meets the ear,
+  The raging flood is now approaching near;
+  Onward it rolls, o'erwhelming Raschid's plains,
+  All things it sweeps, and not a tree remains,
+  His flocks, his herds, the mighty stream o'erpours,
+  Himself (rash man) a crocodile devours.
+
+
+    [1] See _Rambler_, No. 38.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A FRAGMENT.
+
+
+  On a fork of lightning which sped through heaven,
+    He rode to space's naught,
+  And with the flash of a star which his flight had riven,
+    (The which in his hand of light he caught)
+    He writ with that flash his burning thought,
+  On the roll of darkness space had given.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+USEFUL DOMESTIC HINTS.
+
+
+SHAVINGS.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Disposed as we are to give the Scotch full credit for superior domestic
+economy, a practice which we had frequently an opportunity of observing,
+some five or six years since in Edinburgh, astonished us, we confess, not
+a little; and which, had we heard of, not beheld, we should rather have
+been inclined to attribute to our thoughtless Hibernian neighbours.
+
+Every English housemaid knows, if every housekeeper does not, that
+shavings make a most valuable fuel; for lighting fires they are preferable
+to those faggots, small bundles of which fetch in London, and large
+provincial towns, what may be considered a high price, as they commonly
+swell the weekly expenditure of every family. In Edinburgh, at the period
+to which we allude, a great deal of building was going on, and it was
+impossible to walk the streets without passing, (especially in the
+immediate environs) new houses in various stages of completion; but
+invariably we found, that the custom of the workmen was, to collect in
+heaps the shavings from the carpenter's work, and burn with other rubbish,
+these, which might have been sold for fuel very advantageously; nor was
+the waste of this practice the only thing to be reprehended; it was
+dangerous, since such bonfires were lighted before the houses in the open
+streets, to the great peril of passengers, and at the risk of frightening
+horses and other cattle, as the high winds prevalent in our northern
+metropolis carried about in all directions the light, blazing shavings,
+and sparks.
+
+M.L.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FEATHERS.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Valuable as are feathers, and essential as is that article, a feather-bed,
+to the domestic comforts of the poor, who can rarely afford to purchase
+one, it has often struck us, as a singular want of thought and economy in
+humble cottagers residing on village-greens or commons, upon which much
+poultry is kept, that they should not collect, (a work easily performed by
+the youngest children) the numerous soft, short, downy feathers, which may
+be observed floating about. These in time would amount to a quantity worth
+consideration, but they are usually left, first to litter the land, and
+secondly to be destroyed by rain and passengers. This is particularly the
+case in Norfolk, celebrated as everybody knows as well for its geese as
+its turkeys, and where, it is asserted, that the former fowls undergo
+regular pluckings for the sake of their feathers, ere submitted to "the
+poulterer's knife." But experience, unfortunately, only confirms the old
+observation, that "the poor are the worst economists in the world," and
+the least obedient of any people to our Saviour's command: "Gather up the
+fragments, that nothing be lost."
+
+M.L.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+TO TAKE INK OUT OF PAPER, AND STAINS OUT OF CLOTH, SILKS, &C.
+
+
+Mix one teaspoonful of burnt alum, 1/4 oz. of salt of lemons, 1/4 oz. of
+oxalic acid, in a bottle, with half-a-pint of cold water; to be used by
+wetting a piece of calico with it, and rubbing it on the spots.
+
+S. AE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR; AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LADIES AND DWARFS.
+
+
+One of the oddest of all odd books that ever fell into our hands is
+Captain Colville Franckland's _Narrative of a Visit to the Courts of
+Russia and Sweden_, in 1830 and 1831. It is one of the hop-step-and-a-jump
+tours that your fashionable folks make for making acquaintances and then
+making books. The gallant author does not stay long enough in a place to
+be dull; for he is lively and flippant in every page, and throws a dash of
+_the service_ into every chapter. He feels that Dr. Granville has left him
+nothing to say which may not be found in his two great big books; yet the
+Cholera and the Polish war have supplied him with two topics throughout
+the whole book; and, dull as these subjects are in themselves, they have
+enabled our tourist to produce a rambling, rattling, frolicsome work of
+seven or eight hundred pages. His attentions to the softer sex sparkle
+every where. At Hamburgh, "we dined at a most excellent table d'hote, but
+thought the ladies plain and dowdy." "We laughed much at the Holsteiner
+peasantry, the women being dressed like devils, and men like
+merry-andrews." Again,--
+
+"One of the most pleasing characteristics of Hamburgh, is the neat little,
+rosy-faced, fair-haired soubrette, tripping along the Yungferstieg, with a
+basket under her right arm, covered with a handsome shawl of glowing
+colours. These enticing damsels look as happy and as coquettish as you can
+well imagine, and might induce many a traveller to pass a few weeks in
+Hamburgh who had time to dedicate to the pursuit of the fair nymphs of the
+Alster.
+
+"But, alas! no good is unaccompanied by evil; hideously deformed dwarfs
+haunt the streets and promenades of the good town, and the eye of the
+observer, after having rested with complacency on the round and
+well-turned form of the smart soubrette, reverts with horror to the
+miserable Flibbertigibbets which abound in a frightful proportion to the
+whole population."
+
+At Hamburgh he finds fun in every thing.
+
+"I was a good deal amused to-day by the funeral cortège of some citizen of
+consequence. The bier was surrounded by men dressed in the old Venetian
+costume of black, with ruffs, well-powdered wigs, and swords by their
+sides. I regret to say that I must quit Hamburgh without seeing the Schöne
+Marianna; but I hear she is now rather _passèe_, and I must console myself
+for this mortification by gazing upon the first pair of bright eyes which
+I shall meet to-morrow on my route to Kiel."
+
+The Russian dwarfs afford our Captain much amusement.
+
+"Madame Divoff, like many other Russian ladies, has a dwarf in her house,
+who remains constantly with the company. He is less ugly and disagreeable
+than others of his species. La Princesse Serge Gallitzin has a little
+fellow of this sort; the Lisianskis have also one in constant attendance.
+The pretty Mademoiselle Rosetti, two evenings ago, kept caressing the
+dwarf at Madame Divoff's ball. ('Beauty and the Beast,' said I to her;
+'Zemir et Azor.')
+
+"At a very agreeable family party at the Prince Paul Gallitzin's were
+masks; and a party of male and female dwarfs; these droll little urchins
+were all very well made and good-looking; they frisked and frolicked about
+with the children of the house as if they themselves were not (as in
+reality they were) men and women, but children likewise. One of these poor
+little mortals, equipped as an officer of hussars, danced a mazurka with
+great grace and activity, and selected for his partner the _Gouvernante_,
+a fine, fat bouncing woman of twenty-five. He likewise, at my request,
+sang a Russian romance, which he accompanied on the piano-forte: his voice
+was a very plaintive, but weak barytone. The kindness of the Russian
+nobles to these unfortunate beings does infinite honour to the national
+character."
+
+We have only time for another extract or two. At Moscow, he notes:
+
+"I passed the remainder of the evening at the Princess Dolgorouki's; the
+young ladies were in great agitation on account of the sudden
+indisposition of their mother, Madame Boulgakow, who had, it seems, caught
+cold in her return from the monastery of Troitza, sixty wersts from hence,
+a renowned pilgrimage. She had better have stayed at home, for surely
+Moscow has sufficient churches in which bigots may pray as long as they
+please. When will superstition cease to usurp the place of true religion
+in the human mind? I did not pity the _old devotee_, but I felt for the
+young ladies, who seemed to be a good deal flurried and fluttered by this
+occurrence."
+
+At St. Petersburg:
+
+"June 8-20.--Weather hot and sultry. At two I walked to the Summer Gardens,
+which I found full of police-officers and soldiers. To-day there is a
+celebrated promenade, that in which the young fillies range themselves in
+two rows along the principal alley to be chosen by their future spouse.
+However, it was as yet too early for this exhibition, and there was nobody
+here except police-officers, the very sight of whom makes me sick; so off
+I set, and was caught near the Newski Prospekt in a tremendous
+thunder-storm, which forced me to take shelter, first under the arch of a
+_porte-cochere_, and secondly in the Casan Church, in which I discovered
+for the first time the bâton of Marshal Davoust, stuck up in a glass-case
+against one of the piers supporting the dome of the Church. Underneath the
+bâton, upon a gilded metal-plate, are two inscriptions, the one in Russ,
+the other in Latin, which state that the bâton is that of Marshal Davoust,
+taken near Crasnoe, 5th Nov. 1812; so there can be no doubt of the fact."
+
+"I was a good deal amused with a bad painting over the simple unassuming
+tomb of the immortal Kutusoff, representing the Kremlin, the church of
+Ivan Blagennoi, and a procession of priests marching out of the former by
+the Holy Gate towards the latter. Kutusoff's tomb is shaded by banners
+taken from the Poles, the Prussians, and the French, having at the ends of
+their staffs, the eagles of the two former, and the horse of the latter."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LE JARDIN DES PLANTES.
+
+
+Mrs. Watts's charming Juvenile Annual, the _New Year's Gift_, furnishes
+the following admirable model of a descriptive letter from the French
+capital.
+
+"The day following the one on which we were at Versailles, we spent in
+visiting the Garden of Plants; this institution (if I may so call it) is a
+little on the same plan as our Zoological Garden, and is said to be quite
+unrivalled in the whole world. It contains curiosities of every age, and
+from every quarter of the globe. The gardens, which cover more than a
+hundred acres of ground, are filled with every plant that can be reared in
+France, either naturally or by artificial means, from the lordly palm to
+the humble potato.
+
+"One enclosure is filled with every specimen of shrub that is capable of
+being made to form a fence, from the prickly holly, of forty feet high, to
+the dwarf-box, scarcely an inch above the ground.
+
+"In another place, we see specimens of all the various modes of training
+fruit, and other kinds of trees, which the ingenuity of man has been able
+to accomplish--this is peculiarly interesting. Here, a tree is trained to
+resemble a large basin, another is made to look like a gigantic umbrella,
+and a third like a lady's fan.
+
+"In one enclosure are collected together all the various specimens of
+culinary vegetables that have usually been appropriated to the sustenance
+of mankind; these, you will readily believe, occupy no small space; and
+near them, are to be seen specimens of all the varieties of fruit trees of
+which France and its neighbouring kingdoms can boast.
+
+"In addition to all this, there are extensive green-houses and hot-houses,
+filled with many thousand of the choicest plants, attached to each of
+which is its scientific and its common name. Many of them were extremely
+curious; I tried to remember so many, that I find I confound one with
+another, and now I can scarcely recollect any, save the useful bread tree,
+the curious coffee plant, and the tempting sugar cane, all of which are to
+be seen here to great advantage.
+
+"Attached to this beautiful garden, is a splendid museum, containing all
+sorts of treasures connected with natural history. Here are to be seen
+more than two hundred varieties of monkeys only; of birds, there are
+myriads; and one or two species are shown, that are believed to be the
+only ones of the kind extant; these, of course, are not alive. Here are
+also collected hundreds of bird's nests, of all shapes, kinds and sizes,
+from one almost as large as a hand basin, to one about the size of a green
+gage plum: most of these contain eggs of such kinds of birds as those to
+whom the nests belonged; and indeed the ingenuity with which many of these
+little houses are constructed, surprised me more than any thing I ever
+before witnessed. The collection of butterflies too is most remarkable,
+from one the size of a plate, to those of the smallest size.
+
+"In the same building is also to be seen a most extensive assortment of
+minerals, spars, gems, ores, crystals, medals, etc. etc., which merely to
+enumerate singly, would more than fill a long letter. We next saw the
+Museum of Zoology: this contains reptiles and fish, innumerable, and of
+which I can only say, how wonderful are their varieties! I must not,
+however, forget to tell you that we saw a part of an elephant's tusk,
+which when complete is believed to have been at least eight feet in length.
+Only imagine what must have been the height of the possessor of such a
+pair of tusks! Here too we saw the skeleton of an enormous whale that was
+captured on the coast of France; and from the size of its jaw bones, I can
+readily believe the old story, that the tongue of the whale is as large as
+a feather bed.
+
+"But the whale's was not the only skeleton which we saw,--here were
+collected and strung together, the bones of men, women, children,
+quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, and fish to form perfect specimens.--All this
+was very remarkable: but I cannot say that I much admired them, though I
+was much struck by the sight of an Egyptian mummy, embalmed and unwrapped,
+and supposed to have been in its present state far more than a thousand
+years. We none of us very much enjoyed the sight of the dead specimens, we
+therefore gladly left them, in order to pay our respects to their living
+neighbours, whose houses were not very far off.
+
+"The Garden of Plants contains a very considerable number of wild animals,
+and who all appear to be living very much at their ease. Indeed they are
+surrounded with every thing that can be devised to render their captivity
+as little irksome as possible. They are confined it is true; not in narrow
+cages, but in wide enclosures; around them grow trees of their own country,
+and under their feet springs the herbage of which they are most fond. The
+Polar bear is indulged with a fountain of water, and when the camel is
+inclined for a nap he reposes on a bed of sand. Of the usefulness of this
+animal I must not omit to give you an instance, and that is, that so far
+from eating the bread of idleness, he actually more than earns his living
+by raising all the water that is used in these extensive grounds, and thus
+he may be regarded as a general benefactor to all the plants and animals
+by which he is surrounded. So much for the king's garden as it is
+sometimes called; to attend all its different branches no less than a
+hundred and sixty persons are constantly employed, and to keep it up
+nearly twelve thousand pounds is annually expended. This of course
+includes the expenses of travellers who are sent abroad by the French
+Government to collect new treasures to enrich this wonderful place, which
+may truly be called the museum of the world."
+
+By the way, if it be not too late, we recommend parents to peep into this
+pretty little volume for masters and misses. If "Black Monday" is past,
+the "Gift" will still be acceptable: it will make school-time pass as
+happily as a holiday.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANCIENT NAVY OF ENGLAND.
+
+(_To the Editor_.)
+
+
+Allow me to make a few observations in addition to those in a paper signed
+_G.K._ in No. 528 of _The Mirror_. Your correspondent commences with
+Julius Caesar, and passes over the period intervening between him and King
+Edgar; and from him till the time of King John. Now, prior to Caesar's
+invasion of this island, and during the wars between the Romans and Gauls,
+Caswallwn or Cassivelaunus, sent a numerous body of troops to assist the
+Armoricans, or natives of Brittany, against the Romans; Caesar himself,
+says, that his project of invading this country arose from the
+intelligence he received of the aid the Gauls derived from the Britons;
+therefore I consider that the mode, let it be what it would, deserved
+somewhat of the name of a fleet, if not in the modern sense of the word.
+Caesar says they had large, open vessels, with keels and masts made of
+wood, and the other parts covered with hides; and about the year 384,
+Cynan Meiriadog, a chieftain of North Wales, sailed to Armorica with a
+great body of followers, to support the cause of Maximus, an aspirant to
+the Roman throne.
+
+Berkeley, in his _Naval History_, p. 49, says, that at the time of the
+Saxon invasion, Gurthefyr or Vortimer, King of the Britons, with a fleet,
+opposed the Saxons under Hengist; and after an obstinate engagement, the
+Britons were victorious, notwithstanding the inferiority of their vessels
+to those of the Saxons, both in number and size.
+
+The Welsh, at the time of King Alfred, must have had some knowledge of
+nautical architecture and affairs, (according to Berkeley's _Naval
+History_, p. 69,) for the great Alfred discovering the necessity of
+establishing a naval force for the purpose of resisting the incursions of
+the Danes, prevailed on several natives of Wales to superintend its
+construction, and subsequently conferred on them some of the most
+distinguished posts in his fleet. And as a proof of the nautical spirit of
+the Welsh, we have the fact of Prince Madog, son of Owain Gwynedd, about
+the year 1170, going on a voyage in search of a new country, where he
+would be free from the dreadful dissensions which were ravaging his native
+country.
+
+_Caer Ludd_.
+
+CYMMRO.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ENGLISH PUNISHMENTS IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Impoysonments, so ordinarily in Italy, are so abominable amongst English,
+as 21 Henry VIII. it was made high treason, though since repealed; after
+which the punishment for it was to be put alive into a caldron of water,
+and then boiled to death; at present it is felony without benefit of
+clergy.
+
+If a criminal indicted of petit treason, or felony, refuseth to answer or
+to put himself upon a legal tryal, then for such standing mute and
+contumacy, he is presently to undergo that horrible punishment called
+_Peine forte et dure_; that is, to be sent back to the prison from whence
+he came, and there laid in some low, dark room, upon the bare ground, on
+his back, all naked, his arms and legs drawn with cords, fastened to the
+several corners of the room; then shall be laid upon his body, iron and
+stone, so much as he may bear, or more; the next day he shall have three
+morsels of barley bread without drink, and the third day shall have drink
+of the water next to the prison door, except it be running water, without
+bread; and this shall be his diet till he die. Which grievous kind of
+death some stout fellows have sometimes chosen, that so not being tryed
+and convicted of their crimes, their estates may not be forfeited to the
+king, but descend to their children, nor their blood stained.
+
+Perjury, by bearing false witness upon oath, is punished with the pillory,
+called _Callistrigium_, burnt in the forehead with a P, his trees growing
+upon his ground to be rooted up, and his goods confiscated.
+
+G.K.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PORTRAIT OF CHRIST.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+The following extract is from a manuscript in the possession of the family
+of Kelly, now in Lord Kelly's library, which was taken from the original
+letter of Publius Lentulus at Rome.
+
+It being the usual custom of the Roman governors to advertise the senate
+and people of Rome of such material things as happened in their provinces,
+in the days of the Emperor Tiberius Caesar, Publius Lentulus, President of
+Judaea, wrote the following epistle to the senate, respecting Our Saviour
+Jesus Christ.
+
+"There appeared in these our days, a man of great virtue, named Jesus
+Christ, who is yet living amongst us, and of the Gentiles he is accepted
+as a Prophet of Truth; but his disciples call him the Son of God. He
+raiseth the dead, and cureth all manner of diseases: a man of stature
+somewhat tall and comely, with very reverend countenance, such as
+beholders may both love and fear: his hair is of the colour of the
+chestnut, full ripe, plain to his ears, whence downward it is more orient,
+curling and waving about his shoulders; in the middle of his head is a
+seam or partition of his hair, after the manner of the Nazarites; his face
+without spot or wrinkles, beautified with a living red; his nose and mouth
+so formed as nothing can be represented; his beard thickish, in colour
+like his hair, not very long, but forked; his look innocent and mature;
+his eyes grey, clear, and quick. In reproving he is terrible; in
+admonishing, courteous and fair spoken--pleasant in conversation, mixed
+with gravity. It cannot be recollected that any have seen him laugh, but
+many have seen him weep. In proportion of body most excellent; his hands
+and arms most delectable to behold; in speaking, very temperate, modest,
+and wise. A man for his singular beauty far surpassing the children of
+men."
+
+VERITAS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BRIGHTON IN 1743.
+
+
+[Illustration: Brighton in 1743.]
+
+
+(Whoever has enjoyed the natural beauties or artificial luxuries of
+BRIGHTON--the _Daphne_ of our metropolis--will feel some curiosity
+respecting its origin and progress from an obscure fishing-town to such a
+focus of wealth and fashion as at this moment it presents. The celebrity
+of Brighton, we may observe, extends throughout the empire, and is almost
+as well known to the plodding and stay-at-home townsman of the north as to
+the luxurious idler ever and anon in quest of new pleasures. As the
+occasional abode of the Royal Family, its name has figured in the Court
+records of the last half century. Of late years, however, Brighton has
+assumed an extent and importance which may be referred to a spirit of
+speculative enterprise unparalleled in the fortunes of any other town in
+the United Kingdom. Not only has a palace, but squares of palatial
+mansions, terraces, crescents, and streets, nay, very towns of splendid
+houses, have sprung up with fairy-like rapidity; and Brighton has thus
+become, not merely a fashionable resort for the season, but a place of
+permanent residence for a very large proportion of wealthy individuals.
+Our present purpose is, however, to illustrate the past obscurity and not
+the present high palmy state of Brighton. Our own recollections would
+carry us back nearly a score of years, when the Pavilion or Marine Palace
+was a plain, neat, villa-like building, with verandas to command a
+prospect of the sea; and when the Steines scarcely merited the designation
+of enclosures: when a roomy yellow-washed mansion occupied the upper end
+of the old Steine, and was pointed to as once the house of Dr. Russell, to
+whom Brighton owes much of its early fame; its site being now occupied by
+a superb hotel: when Phoebe Hassell and Martha Gunn were the lionesses of
+the place--the one by land and the other by sea: and when not a carriage
+entered Brighton without the electioneering salute of half a score of blue
+gownswomen with cards of their crazy machines to give you a
+tenancy-at-will of the ocean. But, our quoted particulars of Brighton
+invest it with a much earlier interest than our brief memory can supply.
+They are historical as well as topographical, from the primitive records
+of the place, and are accompanied by a view of the town from the sea, as
+it appeared in the year 1743, or about 90 years since. For this and the
+interesting details which accompany it we are indebted to a History of
+Brighthelmston published by Dr. Anthony Rhelan towards the close of the
+last century, and lately edited and reprinted by Mr. Mitchell of Brighton,
+with the benevolent intention of aiding the funds of the Sussex County
+Infirmary, by the profits arising from the sale of the work. It requires
+an almost microscopic eye to distinguish the buildings in the Cut. The
+Royal standard on the fort, is, by an error of the artist,
+disproportionally large.) The town of Brighthelmston,[1] in the county of
+Sussex, is situated on the banks of the sea, at the bottom of a bay of the
+same name, formed to the east by Beachy-Head, and by Worthing point to the
+West.
+
+The bay is a bold and deep shore exposed to the open sea: from the banks
+or cliffs a clean gravel runs to the sea terminating in a hard sand, free
+from every mixture of ooze, and those offensive beds of mud, so frequently
+found at the mouths of rivers, and on many shores.
+
+The town is built on a rising hill with a south-east exposition; defended
+towards the north by hills, whose ascent is easy, and view pleasing;
+bounded on the west by a fruitful and extensive cornfield, descending
+gently from the Downs to the banks of the sea, and leading to Shoreham;
+and on the east by a most beautiful lawn called the Steine, which runs
+winding up into the country among hills, to the distance of some miles.
+
+The soil here, and over all the south Downs, is a chalk rock covered with
+earth of various kinds and depths in different places.
+
+The country round Brighthelmston is open and free from woods, and finely
+diversified with hills and valleys. Hence the advantage of exercise may be
+always enjoyed in fair weather: it is ever cool on the hills, and a
+shelter may be constantly found in the valleys from excess of wind.
+
+The hills are in some places steep, but everywhere covered with a green
+sward from the bottom to the top.[2] On the summit of these the prospect
+is extensive and varied; towards the sea there is an uninterrupted view
+from Beachy-head to the Isle of Wight; towards the land, or _weald_ side,
+the view, in the opinion of the great Mr. Ray, is no where to be equalled;
+and from this very prospect, compared with that of the Isle of Ely, he
+infers the wisdom of God in the construction of hills.
+
+The Downs here run parallel to the sea; the turf of them is remarkably
+fine; they are from six to ten miles broad: so that this delightful
+country cannot be deemed a confined one.
+
+The merit of the situation of this town has within these few years
+attracted a great resort of the principal gentry of this kingdom, and
+engaged them in a summer residence here. And there is reason to believe,
+that in the earliest times it was in the highest estimation. The altars of
+the Druids, the only surviving remains of the ancient Britons, are no
+where to be seen in greater number.[3] And although there are here no
+traces of temples, no images here existing, yet does not their want in any
+shape invalidate the supposition of this place's having been an original
+residence of theirs, as it seems to have been a received principle in all
+countries where Druidism prevailed, that the confining the Deity within
+walls, or the representing him in any human figure, were unworthy of his
+majesty, and unsuitable to his immensity. But the position of these altars,
+and the local circumstances answering so exactly to their customary choice
+of places, leave but little room to doubt of their having had a residence
+here.
+
+The attachment of our ancestors to this place may be further illustrated
+by our taking a view of the efforts they made to preserve it.
+
+Suetonius, relating the invasion of Britain by Vespasian, says, "Tricies
+cum hoste conflixit; duas validissimas gentes, superque xx oppida, et
+Insulam Vectem Britanniae proximam in deditionem redegit." Cap. iv. Now,
+that one of these nations inhabited the Downs of Sussex, seems probable
+from their vicinity to the Isle of Wight, and in some measure confirmed by
+the lines and intrenchments still subsisting between Brighthelmston and
+Lewes, where the principal scene of action must have been, and bearing
+every Roman mark.
+
+That there was a Roman station in this neighbourhood is admitted by the
+antiquarians, though its exact situation is not as yet ascertained. The
+Portus Aldurni, placed by the learned Selden at Aldrington, two miles to
+the west of Brighthelmston, is by the ingenious Tabor presumed to have
+been at East Bourne, eighteen miles to the east of it: yet there are many
+local and incidental circumstances belonging to this place, and which are
+wanting in those towns, that render a conjecture probable as to its having
+been a Roman station.
+
+The Praepositus of the Exploratores, whose office was to discover the
+state and motions of the enemy, and who was certainly in this part of
+Sussex, could be no where more advantageously placed than in the elevated
+situations of the strong camps at Hollingsbury and White-Hawke, commanding
+a most extensive view of the whole coast from Beachy-Head to the Isle of
+Wight. The form of this town is almost a perfect square; the streets are
+built at right angles to each other, and its situation is to the south
+east, the favourite one among the Romans. To these may be added, that an
+urn has been some time ago dug up in this neighbourhood, containing a
+thousand silver denarii marked from Antoninus Pius to Philip, during which
+tract of time Britain was probably a Roman province. And, lastly, the
+vestiges of a true Roman via running from Shoreham towards Lewes, at a
+small distance above this town have been lately discovered by an ingenious
+gentleman truly conversant in matters of this nature.
+
+The light sometimes obtained in these dark matters from a similitude of
+sounds in the ancient and modern names of places, is not to be had in
+assisting the present conjecture. Its ancient one, as far as I can learn,
+is no way discoverable; and its modern one may be owing either to this
+town's belonging formerly to, or being countenanced in a particular manner
+by a Bishop Brighthelm, who, during the Saxon government of the island,
+lived in this neighbourhood: or perhaps may be deduced from the ships of
+this town having their helms better ornamented than those of their
+neighbouring ones.
+
+It is true here are no hypocausts, Mosaic pavements, inscriptions, or any
+other delicate monuments of Roman antiquity,[4] that might corroborate in
+a stronger manner this supposition: these, if any such existed here, have
+been defaced by time, or destroyed by the undiscerning inhabitants of the
+place.
+
+During the Saxon aera, this town was almost the centre of the kingdom of
+the South Saxons; and consequently could not be the scene of much action.
+It submitted to the various revolutions which prevailed at different times,
+until the Norman conquest.
+
+The conqueror landed at Hastings forty miles distant to the east of this
+town; so that his troops never came near it. Yet, the fate of England
+being decided by the bloody engagement at Battel, this town, with many
+other large possessions in the county, was granted to William de Warren,
+who married the Conqueror's daughter: and he soon made it part of the
+endowment of that rich priory, which he founded at Lewes.
+
+This resigning of the town into the hands of monks was a fatal stroke to
+its ancient greatness. Too attentive to their own immediate interest, and
+too regardless of that of their vassals, as soon as they were in
+possession of it, they laboured, and with success, to obtain an exemption
+for it from supplying the king with ships, or affording him such other
+succour, as a large and powerful maritime town ought to have done, on the
+pretence of its being part of a religious estate.
+
+(_To be concluded in our next_.)
+
+
+    [1] It appears to have been called Brighton in a terrier of lands,
+        dated in 1660.
+
+    [2] In the years 1800 and 1801, when wheat was at an unprecedented
+        price, the occupiers of farms on the South Downs converted much
+        of their downland into tillage, from which they acquired abundant
+        crops of corn. The green sward when once ploughed, can never be
+        restored to its former verdure, and although grass seeds have
+        been yearly sown in succession for more than 80 years upon down
+        formerly broken up and converted into arable land, the
+        distinctions between these parts and the original down is still
+        clearly perceptible.
+
+    [3] See the remains of a Druidical altar at Goldstone (Gor or Thor
+        stone) bottom, about a mile to the north-west of the town.
+
+    [4] A Mosaic pavement has been discovered at Lancing, within nine
+        miles west of the town.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+FINE ARTS
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LARGE PAINTED WINDOW OF THE CRUCIFIXION.
+
+
+Mr. Wilmshurst has nearly completed a fine copy, on glass, of Mr. Hilton's
+celebrated picture of the Crucifixion. It consists of 118 squares, 15 by
+21 inches each, fitted into copper frames, in a large centre and two sides;
+in all 19 feet high, and 15 feet wide, intended for a Venetian window-case
+in St. George's Church, Liverpool. The original picture was painted for
+this purpose, by commission from the Corporation, in the year 1826, for
+which the artist received 1,000 guineas. Perhaps in all the productions of
+British art there is not a more appropriate subject for the embellishment
+of a church, than Hilton's representation of this sublime event. The
+countenance and figure of the crucified Saviour are admirably drawn: his
+placid resignation is finely contrasted with the muscular figures of the
+two thieves struggling in the last agonies of torture: the spike-nails and
+blood-drops of the hands and feet, and the title on the cross are closely
+preserved. The group of women at the foot of the cross, the lifeless form,
+drooping hand, anxious eye, and gushing tear, the terrified and afflicted
+populace, and the unperturbed devotional gaze of a few by-standers are too
+among the masterly beauties of this composition. The lights are well kept,
+and the entire effect of the Window is that of awe-inspiring grandeur.
+
+It is somewhat curious, that on the evening Mr. Wilmshurst put together
+his Liverpool Window, his larger Window of the Field of Cloth of Gold, was
+totally destroyed by fire, and by the next morning all its glories were
+melted (or vitrified) into tears.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE TWA BURDIES.
+
+BY THE ETTRICK SHEPHERD.
+
+
+  When the winter day had past an' gane,
+  Twa wee burdies came into our hearth stane;
+  An' they lookit a'round them wi' little din,
+  As if they had living souls within.
+
+  "O, bonny burdies, come tell to me
+  If ye are twa burdies o' this countrye?
+  An' where ye were gaun when ye tint your gate,
+  A-winging the winter shower sae late?"
+
+  "We are cauld, we are cauld--ye maun let us bide,
+  For our father's gane, an' our mother's a bride:
+  But in her bride's bed though she be,
+  We would rather cour on the earth wi' thee!"
+
+  "O, bonny burdies, my heart is sair
+  To see twa motherless broods sae fair.
+  But flee away, burdies! flee away!
+  For I darenae bide wi' you till day."
+
+  "Ye maun let us bide till our feathers dry,
+  For the time of our trial's drawing nigh.
+  A voice will call at the hour eleven,
+  An' a naked sword appear in heaven!
+
+  "There's an offering to make, but not by men,
+  On altar as white as the snow of the glen--
+  There's a choice to be made, and a vow to pay,
+  And blood to spill ere the break of day."
+
+  "O, tell me, beings of marvellous birth,
+  If ye are twa creatures of heaven or earth?
+  For ye look an' ye speak, I watnae how--
+  But I'm fear'd, I'm fear'd, little burdies for you!"
+
+  "Ye needna be fear'd, for it's no our part
+  To injure the kind and the humble heart;
+  And those whose trust is in heaven high,
+  The Angel of God will aye be nigh.
+
+  We were twa sisters bred in a bower,
+  As gay as the lark an' as fair as the flower;
+  But few of the ills of this world we proved,
+  Till we were slain by the hands we loved.
+
+  Our bodies into the brake were flung,
+  To feed the hawks and the ravens young;
+  And there our little bones reclined,
+  And white they bleach'd in the winter wind.
+
+  Our youngest sister found them there,
+  And wiped them clean wi' her yellow hair;
+  And every day she sits and grieves,
+  And covers them o'er wi' the wabron leaves.
+
+  Then our twin souls they sought the sky,
+  And were welcome guests in the heavens high;
+  And we gat our choice through all the spheres
+  What lives to lead for a thousand years.
+
+  Then humble, old matron, lend us thine aid,
+  For this night the choice is to be made;
+  And we have sought thy lowly hearth
+  For the last advice thou giv'st on earth.
+
+  Say, shall we skim o'er this earth below,
+  Beholding its scenes of joy and woe;
+  And try to reward the virtuous heart,
+  And make the unjust and the sinner smart?
+
+  Or shall we choose the star of love,
+  In a holy twilight still to move;
+  Or fly to frolic, light and boon,
+  On the silver mountains of the moon?
+
+  O, tell us, for we hae nane beside!
+  Our daddy's gane, and our mammy's a bride.
+  She is blitliely laid in her bridal sheet,
+  But a spirit stands at her bed feet.
+
+  Ay, though she be laid in her bridal bed,
+  There is guiltless blood upon her head;
+  And on her soul the hue of a crime,
+  That will never wash out till the end of time.
+
+  Advise, advise! dear matron, advise!
+  For you are humble, devout, and wise.
+  We ask a last advice from you--
+  Our hour is come--what shall we do?"
+
+  "O, wondrous creatures, ye maun allow
+  I naething can ken of beings like you;
+  But ere the voice calls at eleven,
+  Go ask your Father who is in heaven."
+
+  Away, away, the burdies flew
+  Aye singing, "Adieu, kind heart, adieu!
+  They that hae blood on their hands may rue
+  Afore the day-beam kiss the dew.
+
+  There's naught sae heinous in human life
+  As taking a helpless baby's life;
+  There's naething sae kind aneath the sky
+  As cheering the heart that soon maun die."
+
+  The morning came wi' drift an' snaw,
+  And with it news frae the bridal-ha',
+  That death had been busy, and blood was spilt,
+  May Heaven preserve us all from guilt!
+
+  They tell of a deed--Believe't who can?
+  Such tale was never told by man;
+  The bridegroom is gone in fire and flood,
+  And the bridal-bed is steep'd with blood!
+
+  The poor auld matron died ere day,
+  And was found as life was passing away;
+  And twa bonny burdies sang in the bed,
+  The one at the feet, the other the head.
+
+  Now I have heard tales, and told them too,
+  Hut this is beyond what I could do;
+  And far hae I ridden, and far hae I gane,
+  But burdies like these I never saw nane.
+
+_Fraser's Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ELLISTON AND THE ASS' HEAD.
+
+
+Elliston was, in his day, the Napoleon of Drury-lane, but, like the
+conqueror at Austerlitz, he suffered his declensions, and the Surrey
+became to him a St. Helena. However, once an eagle always an eagle; and
+Robert William was no less aquiline in the day of adversity than in his
+palmy time of patent prosperity. He was born to carry things with a high
+hand, and he but fulfilled his destiny. The anecdote which we are about to
+relate, is one of the ten thousand instances of his lordly bearing. When,
+the season before last, "no effects" was written over the treasury-door of
+Covent-garden theatre, it will be remembered that several actors proffered
+their services _gratis_, in aid of the then humble, but now arrogant and
+persecuting establishment. Among these patriots was Mr. T.P. Cooke--(it
+was just after his promotion to the honorary rank of Admiral of the Blue).
+The Covent-garden managers jumped at the offer of the actor, who was in
+due time announced as having, in the true play-bill style, "most
+generously volunteered his services for six nights!" Cooke was advertised
+for _William_; Elliston having "most generously lent [N.B. this was _not_
+put in the bill] his musical score of _Black-Eyed Susan_, together with
+the identical captains' coats, worn at a hundred-and-fifty court-martials
+at the Surrey Theatre!" Cooke--the score--the coats, were all accepted,
+and made the most of by the now prosecuting managers of Covent-garden, who
+cleared out of the said Cooke, score, and coats, one thousand pounds at
+half-price on the first six nights of their exhibition. This is a fact;
+nay, we have lately heard it stated that all the sum was specially banked,
+to be used in a future war against the minors. Cooke was then engaged for
+twelve more nights, at ten pounds per night--a hackney-coach bringing him
+each night, hot from the Surrey stage, where he had previously made
+bargemen weep, and thrown nursery-maids into convulsions. Well, time drove
+on, and Cooke drove into the country. Elliston, who was always classical,
+having a due veneration for that divine "creature," Shakspeare, announced,
+on the anniversary of the poet's birth-day, a representation of the
+Stratford Jubilee. The wardrobe was ransacked, the property-man was on the
+alert; and, after much preparation, every thing was in readiness for the
+imposing spectacle.--No! There was one thing forgotten--one important
+"property!" _Bottom_ must be a "feature" in the procession, and there was
+no ass's head! it would not do for the acting manager to apologize for the
+absence of the head--no, _he_ could not have the face to do it. A head
+must be procured! Every one was in doubt and trepidation, when hope
+sounded in the clarion-like voice of Robert William. "Ben!" exclaimed
+Elliston, "take pen, ink, and paper, and write as follows!" Ben (Mr.
+Benjamin Fairbrother, the late manager's most trusty secretary) sat, "all
+ear" and Elliston, with finger on nether lip, proceeded.--
+
+"My dear Charles,
+
+I am about to represent, 'with entirely new dresses, scenery, and
+decorations,' the Stratford Jubilee, in honour of the sweet swan of Avon.
+My scene-painter is the finest artist (except your Grieve) in Europe--my
+tailor is no less a genius, and I lately raised the salary of my
+property-man. This will give you some idea of the capabilities of the
+Surrey Theatre. However, in the hurry of "getting up," we have forgotten
+one property--every thing is well with us but our _Bottom_, and he wants a
+head. As it is too late to manufacture, not but that my property-man is
+the cleverest in the world (except the property-man of Covent-garden), can
+_you_, lend me an ass's head, and believe me, my dear Charles,
+
+Yours ever truly,
+
+ROBERT WILLIAM ELLISTON."
+
+"P.S. I had forgotten to acknowledge the return of the _Black-Eyed Susan_
+score, and coats. You were most welcome to them."
+
+The letter was dispatched to Covent-garden Theatre, and in a brief time
+the bearer returned with the following answer:--
+
+"MY DEAR ROBERT,
+
+It is with the most acute pain that I am compelled to refuse your
+trifling request. You are aware, my dear Sir, of the unfortunate situation
+of Covent-garden Theatre; it being at the present moment, with all the
+'dresses, scenery, and decorations,' in the Court of Chancery, I cannot
+exercise that power which my friendship would dictate. I have spoken to
+Bartley, and he agrees with me (indeed, he always does), that I cannot
+lend you an ass's head--he is an authority on such a subject--without
+risking a reprimand from the Lord High Chancellor. Trusting to your
+generosity, and to your liberal construction of my refusal--and hoping
+that it will in no way interrupt that mutually cordial friendship that has
+ever subsisted between us.
+
+Believe me, ever yours,
+
+CHARLES KEMBLE."
+
+"P.S. When I next see you advertised for _Rover_, I intend to leave myself
+out of the bill to come and see it."
+
+Of course this letter did not remain long unanswered. Ben was again in
+requisition, and the following was the result of his labours:--
+
+"DEAR CHARLES,
+
+I regret the situation of Covent-garden Theatre--I also, for your sake,
+deeply regret that the law does not permit you to send me the 'property'
+in question. I knew that law alone could prevent you; for were it not for
+the vigilance of Equity, such is my opinion of the management of
+Covent-garden, that I am convinced, if left to the dictates of its own
+judgment, it would be enabled to spare asses' heads, not to the Surrey
+atone, but to every theatre in Christendom.
+
+Yours ever truly,
+
+ROBERT WILLIAM ELLISTON."
+
+"P.S. My wardrobe-keeper informs me that there are no less than seven
+buttons missing from the captains' coats. However, I have ordered their
+places to be instantaneously filled by others."
+
+We entreat our readers not to receive the above as a squib of invention.
+We will not pledge ourselves that the letters are _verbatim_ from the
+originals; but the loan of the Surrey music and coats to Covent-garden,
+with the refusal of Covent-garden's ass's head to the Surrey, is "true as
+holy writ."
+
+_Monthly Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+
+THE BOOK OF INSTRUCTION.
+
+
+This is styled by the publisher "The Child's _Annual;_" we do not think
+reasonably so, since instruction is suited for all times. It is a
+tolerably thick volume, and contains the _Easies_ of Grammar, Geography,
+Arithmetic, Natural History, Punctuation, History, Poetry, Music, and
+Dancing; with outlines of Agriculture, Anatomy, Architecture, Astronomy,
+Botany, and other branches of science and knowledge--a Chronology and
+description of the London public buildings. The contents, to be sure, are
+multifarious; but the book is we think made of a series of books to be
+purchased separately. Every page has a coloured cut of a very gay order.
+Cottages have yellow roofs and pink doors; and shopkeepers are dressed in
+crimson and orange. Some of the grammatical illustrations are droll: a
+heavy old fellow, cross-legged, with his hands folded on a stick is
+_myself_; Punch is an _active verb_; a wedding might have illustrated the
+conjunction; four in hand is a preposition. In punctuation, a child asking
+what o'clock it is, illustrates a note of interrogation. We could have
+supplied the editor with the Colon: a little girl who had much difficulty
+in understanding its use, one day complained that a pain in her stomach
+was as bad as a colon. The pictures in Geography are not so good as they
+might have been; and it would have been easy to give correct outlines of
+animals, since others mislead children. Music made easy is better, as are
+Steps to Dancing. The Chronology is faulty and ill-adapted for children:
+what do the little dears want to know of the sale of Cobbett's Register,
+or Mr. Fletcher and Miss Dick. There are certain things which children
+should know, and others which they should not hear of. Show them as many
+of the virtues of mankind as you please: prepare the soil well, and there
+will be less chance of vicious weeds. Altogether this book merits
+recommendation. It is nicely bound, as the Guinea Annual folks say, partly
+in _Arabesque._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHEAP MEDICINE.
+
+
+A publisher who pays much regard to usefulness and economy in reprints has
+put forth _Buchan's Domestic Medicine_ for something less than a crown,
+with a supplementary "Cholera Morbus, its history, symptoms, mode of
+treatment, antidotes,&c." By the way, we have often thought Buchan's book
+like the Dead Sea: you cannot fall into the latter without some of its
+water incrusting on you, and you cannot read Buchan without feeling an
+ache. Its popularity is founded upon the hackneyed adage "the knowledge of
+a disease is half its cure." People will pore over its sea of calamities
+till they almost fall into the fire, or get scalded with the water from a
+kettle, and then turn to the Index, Scalds, page 326: perhaps this is a
+good plan to test the practical value of a book, as the surgeon scalded
+two fingers and plunged one into turpentine and the other into spirits of
+wine to test their respective services in case of a scald.
+
+Here too we may notice a cheap _Companion to the Family Medicine Chest,_
+with an alphabetical arrangement of Medicines, their properties, and plain
+rules for taking them; with the Cholera, of course, as a rider, and
+cautions respecting suspended animation and poisons. The little
+shillingsworth is in its fifteenth edition, so that many thousand persons
+must have taken many million doses by its prescription, and in some cases
+become their own medicine chests, with this book as their companion.
+
+     *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HERBERT'S COUNTRY PARSON, &c.
+
+
+Readers who delight to slake their thirst for knowledge from the deep and
+pure wells of our olden literature will rejoice to hear of a cheap and
+elegant reprint of this beautiful little book. Perchance some book-buyer
+need be told that the above is a book to live by--an invaluable legacy of
+a parish priest to his brethren and the world. The author George Herbert,
+was born in 1593, near Montgomery, in the castle that had been
+successively happy in the Herberts, as Isaak Walton observes, "a family
+that hath been blest with men of remarkable wisdom." Herbert was educated
+at Cambridge, where he obtained the friendship of "the great secretary of
+nature and all learning, Sir Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam," who consulted
+Herbert "before he would expose any of his books to be printed, and
+dedicated a version of the Psalms to him as the best judge of divine
+poetry." Herbert was patronized by James I. who, for an elegant Latin
+oration, gave him a sinecure of 120_l_. a-year, for in those days the only
+Royal Society of Literature was in the palace; it is now among subjects,
+and too little in the Court. Upon the death of James, Herbert's Court
+hopes died also, and he betook himself to a retreat from London. In this
+retirement, "he had many conflicts with himself, whether he should return
+to the painted pleasures of court life or betake himself to the study of
+divinity, and enter into sacred orders." He chose the latter. He married
+well. In 1630 he was inducted into the parsonage of Bemerton, a mile from
+Salisbury; the third day after which, he said to his wife, "You are now a
+minister's wife, and must now so far forget your father's house, as not to
+claim a precedence of any one of your parishioners; for you are to know
+that a priest's wife can challenge no precedence or place, but that which
+she purchases by her obliging humility; and I am sure, places so purchased
+do best become them. And let me tell you, that I am so good a herald, as
+to assure you that this is truth." These rules his meek wife observed with
+cheerful willingness. Herbert now set about his "Priest to the Temple: or
+the Country Parson, his character, and rule of Holy Life." Unlike many
+doctrinists, he practised his own rules: he was a self-example of his own
+precepts, and his book was the rule of his own life; or, as Walton more
+beautifully explains it "his behaviour towards God and man may be said to
+be a practical comment on the holy rules set down in that useful book."
+Thus, he sets forth the Diversities of a Pastor's life: the Parson's life,
+knowledge, praying, preaching, Sundays, house, courtesy, charity, church,
+comfort, eye, mirth, &c.; his prayers before and after Sermon, with a few
+poetical pieces of quaint but touching sweetness. His poetry has been
+censured for its point and antithesis; but he cultivated the poetical art
+to convey moral and devotional sentiments; others excel him in smoothness
+of versification, but not in benevolent purpose. Herbert though himself a
+pattern of humility, was younger brother of the celebrated Lord Herbert of
+Cherbury, whom Horace Walpole abuses for his beauty and gallant bearing,
+tinctured it must be allowed, with affected notions of high birth. But the
+gay philosopher of Cherbury lived in the last days of chivalry, and had
+their light but gleamed upon Walpole, he would, in all probability, have
+borne the very qualities which he so loudly censures in Herbert. The
+pastor Herbert's wife was nearly related to Lord Danby, so that the
+caution which we have quoted was perhaps requisite. As Herbert sank his
+own high birth, it was but fit that his wife should forget hers also.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE NEW BATH GUIDE.
+
+
+What a change from grave to gay--from the moral antitheses of Herbert's
+_Country Parson_ to the fun and folly of Anstey's New Bath Guide, with
+etchings by George Cruikshank, and cuts admirably designed and engraved by
+S. Williams--as Mr. Simkin dressing for the ball:
+
+  But what with my Nivernois hat can compare,
+  Bag-wig and laced ruffles, and black solitaire,
+  And what can a man of true fashion denote,
+  Like an ell of good riband tyed under the throat.
+
+and "We three blunder-heads," two frizzled physicians of the last century,
+and the invariably accompanying cane, or Esculapian wand. This edition is
+by Mr. Britton, who has prefixed a dedication and an essay on the genius
+of Anstey, both of which sparkle with humour and lively anecdote; and an
+amusing sketch of Bath as it is. Among the anecdotical notes to the Poem
+it is stated that Dodsley acknowledged about ten years after he had
+purchased the "Bath Guide," that the profits from its sale were greater
+than on any other book he had published. He generously gave up the
+copyright to the author in 1777, who had 200_l_. for the copyright after
+the second edition. Yet Dodsley, with all his liberality lived to be rich,
+though he originally was footman to the Hon. Mrs. Lowther; so true is it
+that genius and perseverance will find their way upwards from any station.
+
+There is a pleasant anecdote of the late John Palmer, who, it will be
+remembered, was somewhat stiltish. "Palmer, whose father was a
+bill-sticker, and who had occasionally practised in the same humble
+occupation himself, strutting one evening in the green-room at Drury-Lane
+Theatre, in a pair of glittering buckles, a gentleman present remarked
+that they greatly resembled diamonds. 'Sir,' said Palmer, with warmth, 'I
+would have you to know, that I never wear anything but diamonds.' 'Jack,
+your pardon,' replied the gentleman, 'I remember the time when you wore
+nothing but _paste!_' This produced a loud laugh, which was heightened by
+Parsons jogging him on the elbow, and drily saying, 'Jack, why don't you
+_stick him against the wall?_'"
+
+Another. Mr. Quin, upon his first going to Bath, found he was charged most
+exorbitantly for every thing; and, at the end of a week, complained to
+Nash, who had invited him thither, as the cheapest place in England for a
+man of taste and a _bon vivant_. The master of the ceremonies, who knew
+that Quin relished a pun, replied, "They have acted by you on truly
+Christian principles." "How so?" says Quin. "Why," answered Nash, "you
+were a _stranger_, and they _took you in_." "Ay" rejoined Quin; "but they
+have fleeced me, instead of clothed me."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE OUTLINE OF ENGLISH HISTORY,
+
+
+Is a well-executed compendium for schools, and will be amusing by any
+fire-side. It not merely contains the great names, but abounds with
+curious notes on domestic life in each reign, with facts and calculations
+which must have cost the editor, Mr. Ince, many days labour. The period
+pompously termed "the Georgian Aera" is not so copious us the editor
+wishes, but a little more forethought on his part or that of the printer
+would better satisfy himself and the public.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SNATCHES
+
+_From Mr. Bulwer's Novel of "Eugene Aram,"_ vol. i.
+
+
+_Love of Nature_.--It has been observed and there is a world of homely, ay,
+of legislative knowledge in the observation, that wherever you see a
+flower in a cottage-garden, or a bird at the window, you may feel sure
+that the cottagers are better and wiser than their neighbours.
+
+_Humour_.--Where but in farces is the phraseology of the humorist always
+the same?
+
+_Conversation Tactics_.--A quick, short, abrupt turn, that retrenching all
+superfluities of pronoun and conjunction, and marching at once upon the
+meaning of the sentence, had in it a military and Spartan significance,
+which betrayed how difficult it often is for a man to forget that he had
+been a corporal.
+
+_Music of Water_.--You saw hard by the rivulet darkening and stealing away,
+till your sight, though not your ear, lost it among the woodland.
+
+_A fine Fellow_--He had strong principles as well as warm feelings, and a
+fine and resolute sense of honour utterly impervious to attack. It was
+impossible to be in his company an hour, and not see that he was a man to
+be respected. It was equally impossible to live with him a week, and not
+see that he was a man to be beloved.
+
+_Marriage_.--The greatest happiness which the world is capable of
+bestowing--the society and love of one in whom we could wish for no change,
+and beyond whom we have no desire.
+
+_Fatality_.--What evil cannot corrupt, Fate seldom spares.
+
+_Widowhood_.--If the blow did not crush, at least it changed him.
+
+_Comfort of Children_.--As his nephew and his motherless daughters grew up,
+they gave an object to his seclusion, and a relief to his reflections. He
+found a pure and unfailing delight in watching the growth of their young
+minds, and guiding their differing dispositions; and, as time at length
+enabled them to return his affection, and appreciate his cares, he became
+once more sensible that he had a home.
+
+_Intellectual Beauty_.--Her eyes of a deep blue, wore a thoughtful and
+serene expression, and her forehead, higher and broader than it usually is
+in women, gave promise of a certain nobleness of intellect, and added
+dignity, but a feminine dignity, to the more tender characteristics of her
+beauty.
+
+_A Village Beauty_.--The sunlight of a happy and innocent heart sparkled
+on her face, and gave a beam it gladdened you to behold, to her quick
+hazel eye, and a smile that broke out from a thousand dimples.
+
+_An unformed mind_.--Cheerful to outward seeming, but restless, fond of
+change, and subject to the melancholy and pining mood common to young and
+ardent minds.
+
+_Dependence_.--What in the world makes a man of just pride appear so
+unamiable as the sense of dependence.
+
+_Two modes of sitting in a chair_.--The one short, dry, fragile, and
+betraying a love of ease in his unbuttoned vest, and a certain lolling,
+see-sawing method of balancing his body upon his chair; the other, erect
+and solemn, and as steady on his seat as if he were nailed to it.
+
+_A Soldier's simile_.--Your shy dog is always a deep one: give me a man
+who looks me in the face as he would a cannon.
+
+_A Landlord's Independence_.--The indifference of a man well to do, and
+not ambitious of half-pence. "There's my wife by the door, friend; go,
+tell her what you want."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER
+
+
+_The Opera_. From the number of French and German operas announced for
+performance at the King's Theatre, it should no longer be called the
+_Italian_ Opera, but the _Foreign Opera_.
+
+_Tooth Ache_.--Powdered alum not only relieves this annoyance, but
+prevents the decay of the tooth.
+
+_Egypt_.--The French are just at this moment crazy for Egyptian
+antiquities. "While Champollion (_on dit_)is about to unrol the mystic
+papyri in all their primitive significance, the celebrated Caillaud has
+preceded him with the First Numbers of a work on the Arts and Trades of
+the Egyptians, Nubians, and Ethiopians; their customs, civil, and domestic,
+with the manners and customs of the modern inhabitants of these countries."
+--_For. Quart. Rev._
+
+_Anne Boleyn_.--M. Crapelet, the celebrated Parisian printer, has just
+written and printed a beautiful little volume entitled _Anne Boleyn_,
+which is spoken of as "a careful and pains-taking attempt to exhibit a
+character hitherto strangely disfigured by party writers, in its true
+light."
+
+_Root of the Devil_.--There is a strange root called the Devil's Bit
+Scabious, of which quaint old Gerard observes: "The great part of the root
+seemeth to be bitten away: old fantasticke charmers report that the devil
+did bite it for envie, because it is an herbe that hath so many good
+virtues, and is so beneficial to mankinde." Sir James Smith as quaintly
+observes, "the malice of the devil has unhappily been so successful, that
+no virtue can now be found in the remainder of the root or herb."--
+_Knowledge for the People._ Part xiv.
+
+_Onions_.--The British onion is of the worst description, those of Egypt
+and India being considered great delicacies. Their strong, disagreeable
+odour is attributable to the sulphur which they contain, and which is
+deposited by their juice, when exposed to heat.--_Ibid_.
+
+_Spanish Liquorice_ is so called from its being manufactured only in
+_Spain_ and Sicily. The root grows naturally in those countries and in
+Languedoc, and in such abundance in some parts of Sicily, that it is
+considered the greatest scourge to the cultivator.--_Ibid_. (Our brewers
+and distillers would not be of this opinion were liquorice indigenous to
+this country.)
+
+_Heat in Plants_.--Lamarck tells us of a plant, which during a few hours
+of its growth, is "so hot as to seem burning." Its greatest heat is stated
+at nearly 45 degrees above the temperature of the air in which the plant
+was growing.
+
+_Iceland_ is perhaps the most deplorable spot on the world's map. "Not
+very long ago it counted at least 100,000 inhabitants. Depopulated by time,
+which has more than once introduced frightful pestilence, there are now
+not half that number. Their occupation is that of shepherds and fishermen,
+for the bitterness of the climate makes all agricultural labours vain or
+unproductive. They are scattered over the wide wastes of the country, far
+distant, in huts and farms, and it was only in 1787 that any portion of
+the population was gathered into towns, if towns may be called the two
+spots where a few families have their abode together."--_For. Quart. Rev._
+
+_Tobacco and Snuff_.--Tobacco is a narcotic and depressing poison, whose
+effect on the nerves and stomach is to destroy the appetite, prevent the
+perfect digestion of the food, create an unnatural thirst, and render the
+individual who uses it nervous and otherwise infirm. Snuff destroys the
+sense of smell, and causes a very disagreeable alteration in the voice. It
+also produces head-ache in the course of time; and by the distillation of
+its juice which falls from the posterior nostrils into the stomach during
+sleep, gives rise to weak and painful digestion.--_Dr. Granville_.
+
+_Early Rising_.--From March to November, at least, no cause, save sickness,
+or one of equal weight, should retain us in bed a moment after the sun has
+risen.--_Dr. Granville_. (What say the lazy Londoners to this? In Paris,
+shops are opened and set out for the day before six o'clock in the
+mornings of spring, summer, and great part of autumn.)
+
+_Food_.--Many articles of consumption, introduced in the reign of Henry
+VIII, the following distich embraces a few:--
+
+  Turkey, carp, hops, pricard, and beer.
+  Came into England all in one year. (1525.)
+
+_Ince's Outline of English History._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset House,)
+London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; G.G. BENNIS,
+55, Rue Neuve, St. Augustin, Paris; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
+
+  <title>The Mirror of Literature, Volume XIX. No. 533.</title>
+
+  <style type="text/css">
+  <!--
+  body                 {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;}
+  p                    {text-align: justify;}
+  blockquote           {text-align: justify;}
+  h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6    {text-align: center;}
+  pre                  {font-size: 0.7em;}
+
+  hr                   {text-align: center; width: 50%;}
+  html>body hr         {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;}
+  hr.full              {width: 100%;}
+  html>body hr.full    {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;}
+  hr.short             {text-align: center; width: 20%;}
+  html>body hr.short   {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;}
+
+  .note, .footnote
+  {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;}
+
+  span.pagenum
+  {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt;}
+
+  .poem
+  {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;}
+  .poem .stanza        {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;}
+  .poem p              {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
+  .poem p.i2           {margin-left: 1em;}
+  .poem p.i4           {margin-left: 2em;}
+  .poem p.i6           {margin-left: 3em;}
+  .poem p.i8           {margin-left: 4em;}
+  .poem p.i10          {margin-left: 5em;}
+  .poem p.i14          {margin-left: 9em;}
+
+  .figure
+  {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin: auto;}
+  .figure img
+                       {border: none;}
+  .figure p
+
+  .side { float:right;
+          font-size: 75%;
+          width: 25%;
+          padding-left:10px;
+          border-left: dashed thin;
+          margin-left: 10px;
+          text-align: left;
+          text-indent: 0;
+          font-weight: bold;
+          font-style: italic;}
+  -->
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume 19, No. 533, Saturday, February 11, 1832.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 14, 2004 [EBook #11566]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Allen Siddle and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+ <hr class="full" />
+
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page81"
+  name="page81">
+  </a>[pg 81]
+</span>
+
+  <h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+  OF<br />
+  LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <table width="100%" summary="Volume, Number, and Date">
+    <tr>
+      <td align="left"><b>VOL. XIX. NO. 533.]</b></td>
+      <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1832.</b></td>
+      <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>CASCADE AT VIRGINIA WATER.</h2>
+
+<div class="figure" style="width:100%;">
+  <a href="images/533-001.png">
+  <img width = "100%" src="images/533-001.png" alt="CASCADE AT VIRGINIA WATER." />
+  </a>
+</div>
+
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page82"
+  name="page82">
+  </a>[pg 82]
+</span>
+
+<p>
+This has been described as "perhaps the most striking imitation we have of
+the great works of nature:" at all events, it has less of the mimicry of
+art than similar works on a smaller scale.
+</p>
+<p>
+Virginia Water will be recollected as the largest sheet of artificial
+water in the kingdom, with the exception of that at Blenheim. Near the
+high Southampton road it forms the above cascade, descending into a glen
+romantically shaded with plantations of birch, willow, and acacia:
+</p>
+<div class="poem">
+  <div class="stanza">
+  <p>Hollowly here the gushing water sounds</p>
+  <p>With a mysterious voice; one might pause</p>
+  <p>Upon its echoes till it seemeth a noise</p>
+  <p>Of fathomless wilds where man had never walked.</p>
+  </div>
+</div>
+<p>
+Or it may be described in the graphic words of Thomson:
+</p>
+<div class="poem">
+  <div class="stanza">
+  <p>With woods o'erhung, and shagg'd with mossy rocks,</p>
+  <p>Whence on each side the gushing waters play,</p>
+  <p>And down the rough cascade white dashing fall,</p>
+  <p>Or gleam in lengthened vista through the trees.</p>
+  </div>
+</div>
+<p>
+Beside the cascade is a stone cave, "moss-o'ergrown," constructed with
+fragments of immense size and curious shape that were originally dug up at
+Bagshot Heath, and are supposed to be the remains of a Saxon cromlech. At
+the base of this fall, it becomes a running stream, and after winding
+through part of Surrey, falls into the Thames at Chertsey.
+</p>
+<p>
+The reader will remember Virginia Water as the favourite retreat of the
+late King; and this embellishment, (if so artificial a term can be applied
+to a cascade,) was made at the bidding of the Royal taste. It is perhaps
+the most successful of all the contrivances hereabout to aid the natural
+enchantment of the scene. We believe the present Court are not so fervent
+in their attachment to this resort; its seclusion must, however, be a
+delightful relief to the costly cares of state, and the superb suites of
+Windsor Castle. A scene of wild nature, such as the annexed is intended to
+represent, is more acceptable to our sight than all the quarterings on the
+ceiling of St. George's Hall, though they resemble the pattern-cards of
+chivalry.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>LACONICS, &amp;c.</h3>
+
+<p>
+Our natural disposition to evil is evident in this: that vice tracks out
+its own path and stands in need of no instructor; while it requires not
+only example but discipline to initiate us in virtue.
+</p>
+<p>
+We both read and hear bitter complaints about the uncertainty of human
+affairs; and yet it is that uncertainty alone that gives life its relish,
+for novelty is the real and radical cause of all our enjoyments.
+</p>
+<p>
+There is a great outcry against fools on the part of the knaves, but
+rather with some want of policy; for if there were no fools in the world
+cunning men would have but a bad trade of it.
+</p>
+<p>
+The faults of a fool are concealed from himself while they are evident to
+the world; on the other hand the faults of the wise man are well known to
+himself, while they are masked over and invisible to the world.
+</p>
+<p>
+It has been said that "there is a pleasure in being mad that none but
+madmen know;" but this only applies to that species of madness which is
+produced by an excess of imagination eventually overpowering the judgment.
+</p>
+<p>
+The insincerity of a friend has often inclined men to seek for a surer
+reliance upon money; these unexpected shocks make us disgusted with our
+species, and it is for this reason that old men who have seen so much of
+the world become at last avaricious.
+</p>
+<p>
+The only result an inquirer after truth can derive from metaphysics will
+be to find himself silenced for the present; they rarely convince, and for
+the most part mislead.
+</p>
+<p>
+All the discoveries made within the last century were ridiculed and
+treated with contempt by our forefathers; yet we are equally prejudiced
+and hostile to all those improvements proposed to us, which will in all
+probability be adopted by our children.
+</p>
+<p>
+All those animals who are associated with man become immediately
+participants in his misery: when once domesticated they become liable to
+disease, whereas in a wild state they could have perished only from age or
+accident.
+</p>
+<p>
+If we subtract from the twenty-four hours the time spent in eating,
+sleeping, exercise, and the other indispensable cares of our existence,
+what a fraction of time is employed on our intellectual faculties! Again,
+there are few who have the means to enable them to study; fewer the talent
+requisite; and still fewer the inclination, if they have the ability.
+</p>
+<p>
+The force of habit affects even our palates; we in time acquire a relish
+for what was once perfectly nauseous. The Greenlander detests turtle soup
+as much as we abominate train oil.
+</p>
+<p>
+Courage, or a contempt of danger, is a mere animal quality, and being only
+the result of a particular formation, is entitled to no merit, though it
+may demand our applause: but moral, or acquired courage, is a very
+different thing. A man who is fortunate in the world and has a sacrifice
+to make, if he conducts himself with spirit, is also more entitled to our
+admiration than a mere desperado.
+</p>
+<p>
+F.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>HAMET AND RASCHID.</h3>
+<h4>AN EASTERN TALE, VERSIFIED.
+<a id="footnotetag1"
+ name="footnotetag1">
+</a>
+<sup>
+  <a href="#footnote1">1
+  </a>
+</sup>
+</h4>
+
+<div class="poem">
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>The sultry sun had gain'd the middle sky,</p>
+    <p>Reigning above in cloudless majesty,</p>
+    <p>When deep engag'd in pray'r, two neighbouring swains</p>
+    <p>Knelt where the common bound divides their plains.</p>
+    <p>Hamet and Raschid;&mdash;whilst their flocks around</p>
+    <p>Panting with thirst, or dying, strew the ground,</p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page83"
+  name="page83">
+  </a>[pg 83]
+</span>
+    <p>With hands uplift they beg their god in pray'r,</p>
+    <p>Themselves to pity, and their flocks to spare.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Sudden the air grew calm, no zephyr stirr'd,</p>
+    <p>Through all the valley not a sound was heard,</p>
+    <p>That instant hush'd was all the vocal grove,</p>
+    <p>And sounds aerial warbled from above:</p>
+    <p>Around each shepherd cast his wond'ring eye,</p>
+    <p>And down the vale was seen advancing nigh,</p>
+    <p>A mighty Being, whom when near he stood,</p>
+    <p>They knew that Genius who distributes good;</p>
+    <p>The sheaves of plenty in his hand they see,</p>
+    <p>In that the avenging sword of misery.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>As nearer still the mighty Being drew,</p>
+    <p>Trembling they stood, and knew not what to do;</p>
+    <p>When lo! the Genius breath'd these solemn strains,</p>
+    <p>Soft as the breeze that cools Saboea's plains:&mdash;</p>
+    <p>"Children of dust! approach, fly not your friend,</p>
+    <p>I leave the heavens above, my aid to lend;</p>
+    <p>Water you seek, and water I bestow,</p>
+    <p>But ere you ask, this useful lesson know:&mdash;</p>
+    <p>Whate'er the body for its use enjoys,</p>
+    <p>Excess no less than scarcity destroys;</p>
+    <p>Demand no more than what your wants require,</p>
+    <p>Let Hamet tell me first his heart's desire."</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>"O, Being, great, beneficent and kind,</p>
+    <p>Pardon the fear that overspreads my mind;</p>
+    <p>On me, great God, a little brook bestow,</p>
+    <p>That winter rains may never overflow,</p>
+    <p>And when the summer droughts commence their reign,</p>
+    <p>Stretch forth thy hand and let the brook remain."</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>"'Tis yours," with accents mild the Genius cried,</p>
+    <p>Streams, as he speaks, o'er all the meadows glide,</p>
+    <p>A fresher green the fragrant shrubs display,</p>
+    <p>And every leaf in trembling cheers the day;</p>
+    <p>Slaking their raging thirst, the flocks are seen,</p>
+    <p>And new-born herbage clothes the earth in green.</p>
+    <p>"This trifling wish befits a little soul,</p>
+    <p>Let the great Ganges o'er my meadows roll!"</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Thus Raschid spoke, and thus the God replies,</p>
+    <p>Rage, as he spoke, rode sparkling in his eyes:&mdash;</p>
+    <p>"Insatiate man, this boundless wish recall</p>
+    <p>Ere ruin whelm yourself, your flocks and all;</p>
+    <p>See you these sheaves?&mdash;Now mark this dreadful sword,</p>
+    <p>Those are the wise man's&mdash;this the fool's reward."</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>In vain he spoke; and hark, what meets the ear,</p>
+    <p>The raging flood is now approaching near;</p>
+    <p>Onward it rolls, o'erwhelming Raschid's plains,</p>
+    <p>All things it sweeps, and not a tree remains,</p>
+    <p>His flocks, his herds, the mighty stream o'erpours,</p>
+    <p>Himself (rash man) a crocodile devours.</p>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>A FRAGMENT.</h3>
+<div class="poem">
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>On a fork of lightning which sped through heaven,</p>
+    <p class="i2">He rode to space's naught,</p>
+    <p>And with the flash of a star which his flight had riven,</p>
+    <p class="i2">(The which in his hand of light he caught)</p>
+    <p class="i2">He writ with that flash his burning thought,</p>
+    <p>On the roll of darkness space had given.</p>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>USEFUL DOMESTIC HINTS.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>SHAVINGS.</h3>
+<h4><i>(For the Mirror.)</i></h4>
+<p>
+Disposed as we are to give the Scotch full credit for superior domestic
+economy, a practice which we had frequently an opportunity of observing,
+some five or six years since in Edinburgh, astonished us, we confess, not
+a little; and which, had we heard of, not beheld, we should rather have
+been inclined to attribute to our thoughtless Hibernian neighbours.
+</p>
+<p>
+Every English housemaid knows, if every housekeeper does not, that
+shavings make a most valuable fuel; for lighting fires they are preferable
+to those faggots, small bundles of which fetch in London, and large
+provincial towns, what may be considered a high price, as they commonly
+swell the weekly expenditure of every family. In Edinburgh, at the period
+to which we allude, a great deal of building was going on, and it was
+impossible to walk the streets without passing, (especially in the
+immediate environs) new houses in various stages of completion; but
+invariably we found, that the custom of the workmen was, to collect in
+heaps the shavings from the carpenter's work, and burn with other rubbish,
+these, which might have been sold for fuel very advantageously; nor was
+the waste of this practice the only thing to be reprehended; it was
+dangerous, since such bonfires were lighted before the houses in the open
+streets, to the great peril of passengers, and at the risk of frightening
+horses and other cattle, as the high winds prevalent in our northern
+metropolis carried about in all directions the light, blazing shavings,
+and sparks.
+</p>
+<p>
+M.L.B.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>FEATHERS.</h3>
+
+<h4><i>(For the Mirror.)</i></h4>
+
+<p>
+Valuable as are feathers, and essential as is that article, a feather-bed,
+to the domestic comforts of the poor, who can rarely afford to purchase
+one, it has often struck us, as a singular want of thought and economy in
+humble cottagers residing on village-greens or commons, upon which much
+poultry is kept, that they should not collect, (a work easily performed by
+the youngest children) the numerous soft, short, downy feathers, which may
+be observed floating about. These in time would amount to a quantity worth
+consideration, but they are usually left, first to litter the land, and
+secondly to be
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page84"
+  name="page84">
+  </a>[pg 84]
+</span>
+ destroyed by rain and passengers. This is particularly the
+case in Norfolk, celebrated as everybody knows as well for its geese as
+its turkeys, and where, it is asserted, that the former fowls undergo
+regular pluckings for the sake of their feathers, ere submitted to "the
+poulterer's knife." But experience, unfortunately, only confirms the old
+observation, that "the poor are the worst economists in the world," and
+the least obedient of any people to our Saviour's command: "Gather up the
+fragments, that nothing be lost."
+</p>
+<p>
+M.L.B.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3>TO TAKE INK OUT OF PAPER, AND STAINS OUT OF CLOTH, SILKS, &amp;C.</h3>
+
+<p>
+Mix one teaspoonful of burnt alum, 1/4 oz. of salt of lemons, 1/4 oz. of
+oxalic acid, in a bottle, with half-a-pint of cold water; to be used by
+wetting a piece of calico with it, and rubbing it on the spots.
+</p>
+<p>
+S. AE.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>THE SELECTOR; AND LITERARY NOTICES OF <i>NEW WORKS</i>.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>LADIES AND DWARFS.</h3>
+
+<p>
+One of the oddest of all odd books that ever fell into our hands is
+Captain Colville Franckland's <i>Narrative of a Visit to the Courts of
+Russia and Sweden</i>, in 1830 and 1831. It is one of the hop-step-and-a-jump
+tours that your fashionable folks make for making acquaintances and then
+making books. The gallant author does not stay long enough in a place to
+be dull; for he is lively and flippant in every page, and throws a dash of
+<i>the service</i> into every chapter. He feels that Dr. Granville has left him
+nothing to say which may not be found in his two great big books; yet the
+Cholera and the Polish war have supplied him with two topics throughout
+the whole book; and, dull as these subjects are in themselves, they have
+enabled our tourist to produce a rambling, rattling, frolicsome work of
+seven or eight hundred pages. His attentions to the softer sex sparkle
+every where. At Hamburgh, "we dined at a most excellent table d'hote, but
+thought the ladies plain and dowdy." "We laughed much at the Holsteiner
+peasantry, the women being dressed like devils, and men like
+merry-andrews." Again,&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+"One of the most pleasing characteristics of Hamburgh, is the neat little,
+rosy-faced, fair-haired soubrette, tripping along the Yungferstieg, with a
+basket under her right arm, covered with a handsome shawl of glowing
+colours. These enticing damsels look as happy and as coquettish as you can
+well imagine, and might induce many a traveller to pass a few weeks in
+Hamburgh who had time to dedicate to the pursuit of the fair nymphs of the
+Alster.
+</p>
+<p>
+"But, alas! no good is unaccompanied by evil; hideously deformed dwarfs
+haunt the streets and promenades of the good town, and the eye of the
+observer, after having rested with complacency on the round and
+well-turned form of the smart soubrette, reverts with horror to the
+miserable Flibbertigibbets which abound in a frightful proportion to the
+whole population."
+</p>
+<p>
+At Hamburgh he finds fun in every thing.
+</p>
+<p>
+"I was a good deal amused to-day by the funeral cortège of some citizen of
+consequence. The bier was surrounded by men dressed in the old Venetian
+costume of black, with ruffs, well-powdered wigs, and swords by their
+sides. I regret to say that I must quit Hamburgh without seeing the Schöne
+Marianna; but I hear she is now rather <i>passèe</i>, and I must console myself
+for this mortification by gazing upon the first pair of bright eyes which
+I shall meet to-morrow on my route to Kiel."
+</p>
+<p>
+The Russian dwarfs afford our Captain much amusement.
+</p>
+<p>
+"Madame Divoff, like many other Russian ladies, has a dwarf in her house,
+who remains constantly with the company. He is less ugly and disagreeable
+than others of his species. La Princesse Serge Gallitzin has a little
+fellow of this sort; the Lisianskis have also one in constant attendance.
+The pretty Mademoiselle Rosetti, two evenings ago, kept caressing the
+dwarf at Madame Divoff's ball. ('Beauty and the Beast,' said I to her;
+'Zemir et Azor.')
+</p>
+<p>
+"At a very agreeable family party at the Prince Paul Gallitzin's were
+masks; and a party of male and female dwarfs; these droll little urchins
+were all very well made and good-looking; they frisked and frolicked about
+with the children of the house as if they themselves were not (as in
+reality they were) men and women, but children likewise. One of these poor
+little mortals, equipped as an officer of hussars, danced a mazurka with
+great grace and activity, and selected for his partner the <i>Gouvernante</i>,
+a fine, fat bouncing woman of twenty-five. He likewise, at my request,
+sang a Russian romance, which he accompanied on the piano-forte: his
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page85"
+  name="page85">
+  </a>[pg 85]
+</span>
+ voice
+was a very plaintive, but weak barytone. The kindness of the Russian
+nobles to these unfortunate beings does infinite honour to the national
+character."
+</p>
+<p>
+We have only time for another extract or two. At Moscow, he notes:
+</p>
+<p>
+"I passed the remainder of the evening at the Princess Dolgorouki's; the
+young ladies were in great agitation on account of the sudden
+indisposition of their mother, Madame Boulgakow, who had, it seems, caught
+cold in her return from the monastery of Troitza, sixty wersts from hence,
+a renowned pilgrimage. She had better have stayed at home, for surely
+Moscow has sufficient churches in which bigots may pray as long as they
+please. When will superstition cease to usurp the place of true religion
+in the human mind? I did not pity the <i>old devotee</i>, but I felt for the
+young ladies, who seemed to be a good deal flurried and fluttered by this
+occurrence."
+</p>
+<p>
+At St. Petersburg:
+</p>
+<p>
+"June 8-20.&mdash;Weather hot and sultry. At two I walked to the Summer Gardens,
+which I found full of police-officers and soldiers. To-day there is a
+celebrated promenade, that in which the young fillies range themselves in
+two rows along the principal alley to be chosen by their future spouse.
+However, it was as yet too early for this exhibition, and there was nobody
+here except police-officers, the very sight of whom makes me sick; so off
+I set, and was caught near the Newski Prospekt in a tremendous
+thunder-storm, which forced me to take shelter, first under the arch of a
+<i>porte-cochere</i>, and secondly in the Casan Church, in which I discovered
+for the first time the bâton of Marshal Davoust, stuck up in a glass-case
+against one of the piers supporting the dome of the Church. Underneath the
+bâton, upon a gilded metal-plate, are two inscriptions, the one in Russ,
+the other in Latin, which state that the bâton is that of Marshal Davoust,
+taken near Crasnoe, 5th Nov. 1812; so there can be no doubt of the fact."
+</p>
+<p>
+"I was a good deal amused with a bad painting over the simple unassuming
+tomb of the immortal Kutusoff, representing the Kremlin, the church of
+Ivan Blagennoi, and a procession of priests marching out of the former by
+the Holy Gate towards the latter. Kutusoff's tomb is shaded by banners
+taken from the Poles, the Prussians, and the French, having at the ends of
+their staffs, the eagles of the two former, and the horse of the latter."
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3>LE JARDIN DES PLANTES.</h3>
+
+<p>
+Mrs. Watts's charming Juvenile Annual, the <i>New Year's Gift</i>, furnishes
+the following admirable model of a descriptive letter from the French
+capital.
+</p>
+<p>
+"The day following the one on which we were at Versailles, we spent in
+visiting the Garden of Plants; this institution (if I may so call it) is a
+little on the same plan as our Zoological Garden, and is said to be quite
+unrivalled in the whole world. It contains curiosities of every age, and
+from every quarter of the globe. The gardens, which cover more than a
+hundred acres of ground, are filled with every plant that can be reared in
+France, either naturally or by artificial means, from the lordly palm to
+the humble potato.
+</p>
+<p>
+"One enclosure is filled with every specimen of shrub that is capable of
+being made to form a fence, from the prickly holly, of forty feet high, to
+the dwarf-box, scarcely an inch above the ground.
+</p>
+<p>
+"In another place, we see specimens of all the various modes of training
+fruit, and other kinds of trees, which the ingenuity of man has been able
+to accomplish&mdash;this is peculiarly interesting. Here, a tree is trained to
+resemble a large basin, another is made to look like a gigantic umbrella,
+and a third like a lady's fan.
+</p>
+<p>
+"In one enclosure are collected together all the various specimens of
+culinary vegetables that have usually been appropriated to the sustenance
+of mankind; these, you will readily believe, occupy no small space; and
+near them, are to be seen specimens of all the varieties of fruit trees of
+which France and its neighbouring kingdoms can boast.
+</p>
+<p>
+"In addition to all this, there are extensive green-houses and hot-houses,
+filled with many thousand of the choicest plants, attached to each of
+which is its scientific and its common name. Many of them were extremely
+curious; I tried to remember so many, that I find I confound one with
+another, and now I can scarcely recollect any, save the useful bread tree,
+the curious coffee plant, and the tempting sugar cane, all of which are to
+be seen here to great advantage.
+</p>
+<p>
+"Attached to this beautiful garden, is a splendid museum, containing all
+sorts of treasures connected with natural history. Here are to be seen
+more than two hundred varieties of monkeys only; of birds, there are
+myriads; and one or two species are shown, that are believed to be the
+only ones of the kind extant; these, of course, are not alive. Here are
+also collected hundreds of bird's nests,
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page86"
+  name="page86">
+  </a>[pg 86]
+</span>
+ of all shapes, kinds and sizes,
+from one almost as large as a hand basin, to one about the size of a green
+gage plum: most of these contain eggs of such kinds of birds as those to
+whom the nests belonged; and indeed the ingenuity with which many of these
+little houses are constructed, surprised me more than any thing I ever
+before witnessed. The collection of butterflies too is most remarkable,
+from one the size of a plate, to those of the smallest size.
+</p>
+<p>
+"In the same building is also to be seen a most extensive assortment of
+minerals, spars, gems, ores, crystals, medals, etc. etc., which merely to
+enumerate singly, would more than fill a long letter. We next saw the
+Museum of Zoology: this contains reptiles and fish, innumerable, and of
+which I can only say, how wonderful are their varieties! I must not,
+however, forget to tell you that we saw a part of an elephant's tusk,
+which when complete is believed to have been at least eight feet in length.
+Only imagine what must have been the height of the possessor of such a
+pair of tusks! Here too we saw the skeleton of an enormous whale that was
+captured on the coast of France; and from the size of its jaw bones, I can
+readily believe the old story, that the tongue of the whale is as large as
+a feather bed.
+</p>
+<p>
+"But the whale's was not the only skeleton which we saw,&mdash;here were
+collected and strung together, the bones of men, women, children,
+quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, and fish to form perfect specimens.&mdash;All this
+was very remarkable: but I cannot say that I much admired them, though I
+was much struck by the sight of an Egyptian mummy, embalmed and unwrapped,
+and supposed to have been in its present state far more than a thousand
+years. We none of us very much enjoyed the sight of the dead specimens, we
+therefore gladly left them, in order to pay our respects to their living
+neighbours, whose houses were not very far off.
+</p>
+<p>
+"The Garden of Plants contains a very considerable number of wild animals,
+and who all appear to be living very much at their ease. Indeed they are
+surrounded with every thing that can be devised to render their captivity
+as little irksome as possible. They are confined it is true; not in narrow
+cages, but in wide enclosures; around them grow trees of their own country,
+and under their feet springs the herbage of which they are most fond. The
+Polar bear is indulged with a fountain of water, and when the camel is
+inclined for a nap he reposes on a bed of sand. Of the usefulness of this
+animal I must not omit to give you an instance, and that is, that so far
+from eating the bread of idleness, he actually more than earns his living
+by raising all the water that is used in these extensive grounds, and thus
+he may be regarded as a general benefactor to all the plants and animals
+by which he is surrounded. So much for the king's garden as it is
+sometimes called; to attend all its different branches no less than a
+hundred and sixty persons are constantly employed, and to keep it up
+nearly twelve thousand pounds is annually expended. This of course
+includes the expenses of travellers who are sent abroad by the French
+Government to collect new treasures to enrich this wonderful place, which
+may truly be called the museum of the world."
+</p>
+<p>
+By the way, if it be not too late, we recommend parents to peep into this
+pretty little volume for masters and misses. If "Black Monday" is past,
+the "Gift" will still be acceptable: it will make school-time pass as
+happily as a holiday.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>ANCIENT NAVY OF ENGLAND.</h3>
+<h4><i>(To the Editor.)</i></h4>
+
+<p>
+Allow me to make a few observations in addition to those in a paper signed
+<i>G.K.</i> in No. 528 of <i>The Mirror</i>. Your correspondent commences with
+Julius Caesar, and passes over the period intervening between him and King
+Edgar; and from him till the time of King John. Now, prior to Caesar's
+invasion of this island, and during the wars between the Romans and Gauls,
+Caswallwn or Cassivelaunus, sent a numerous body of troops to assist the
+Armoricans, or natives of Brittany, against the Romans; Caesar himself,
+says, that his project of invading this country arose from the
+intelligence he received of the aid the Gauls derived from the Britons;
+therefore I consider that the mode, let it be what it would, deserved
+somewhat of the name of a fleet, if not in the modern sense of the word.
+Caesar says they had large, open vessels, with keels and masts made of
+wood, and the other parts covered with hides; and about the year 384,
+Cynan Meiriadog, a chieftain of North Wales, sailed to Armorica with a
+great body of followers, to support the cause of Maximus, an aspirant to
+the Roman throne.
+</p>
+<p>
+Berkeley, in his <i>Naval History</i>, p. 49, says, that at the time of the
+Saxon
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page87"
+  name="page87">
+  </a>[pg 87]
+</span>
+ invasion, Gurthefyr or Vortimer, King of the Britons, with a fleet,
+opposed the Saxons under Hengist; and after an obstinate engagement, the
+Britons were victorious, notwithstanding the inferiority of their vessels
+to those of the Saxons, both in number and size.
+</p>
+<p>
+The Welsh, at the time of King Alfred, must have had some knowledge of
+nautical architecture and affairs, (according to Berkeley's <i>Naval
+History</i>, p. 69,) for the great Alfred discovering the necessity of
+establishing a naval force for the purpose of resisting the incursions of
+the Danes, prevailed on several natives of Wales to superintend its
+construction, and subsequently conferred on them some of the most
+distinguished posts in his fleet. And as a proof of the nautical spirit of
+the Welsh, we have the fact of Prince Madog, son of Owain Gwynedd, about
+the year 1170, going on a voyage in search of a new country, where he
+would be free from the dreadful dissensions which were ravaging his native
+country.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Caer Ludd</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+CYMMRO.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3>ENGLISH PUNISHMENTS IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II.</h3>
+<h4><i>(For the Mirror.)</i></h4>
+
+<p>
+Impoysonments, so ordinarily in Italy, are so abominable amongst English,
+as 21 Henry VIII. it was made high treason, though since repealed; after
+which the punishment for it was to be put alive into a caldron of water,
+and then boiled to death; at present it is felony without benefit of
+clergy.
+</p>
+<p>
+If a criminal indicted of petit treason, or felony, refuseth to answer or
+to put himself upon a legal tryal, then for such standing mute and
+contumacy, he is presently to undergo that horrible punishment called
+<i>Peine forte et dure</i>; that is, to be sent back to the prison from whence
+he came, and there laid in some low, dark room, upon the bare ground, on
+his back, all naked, his arms and legs drawn with cords, fastened to the
+several corners of the room; then shall be laid upon his body, iron and
+stone, so much as he may bear, or more; the next day he shall have three
+morsels of barley bread without drink, and the third day shall have drink
+of the water next to the prison door, except it be running water, without
+bread; and this shall be his diet till he die. Which grievous kind of
+death some stout fellows have sometimes chosen, that so not being tryed
+and convicted of their crimes, their estates may not be forfeited to the
+king, but descend to their children, nor their blood stained.
+</p>
+<p>
+Perjury, by bearing false witness upon oath, is punished with the pillory,
+called <i>Callistrigium</i>, burnt in the forehead with a P, his trees growing
+upon his ground to be rooted up, and his goods confiscated.
+</p>
+<p>
+G.K.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3>PORTRAIT OF CHRIST.</h3>
+<h4><i>(For the Mirror.)</i></h4>
+
+<p>
+The following extract is from a manuscript in the possession of the family
+of Kelly, now in Lord Kelly's library, which was taken from the original
+letter of Publius Lentulus at Rome.
+</p>
+<p>
+It being the usual custom of the Roman governors to advertise the senate
+and people of Rome of such material things as happened in their provinces,
+in the days of the Emperor Tiberius Caesar, Publius Lentulus, President of
+Judaea, wrote the following epistle to the senate, respecting Our Saviour
+Jesus Christ.
+</p>
+<p>
+"There appeared in these our days, a man of great virtue, named Jesus
+Christ, who is yet living amongst us, and of the Gentiles he is accepted
+as a Prophet of Truth; but his disciples call him the Son of God. He
+raiseth the dead, and cureth all manner of diseases: a man of stature
+somewhat tall and comely, with very reverend countenance, such as
+beholders may both love and fear: his hair is of the colour of the
+chestnut, full ripe, plain to his ears, whence downward it is more orient,
+curling and waving about his shoulders; in the middle of his head is a
+seam or partition of his hair, after the manner of the Nazarites; his face
+without spot or wrinkles, beautified with a living red; his nose and mouth
+so formed as nothing can be represented; his beard thickish, in colour
+like his hair, not very long, but forked; his look innocent and mature;
+his eyes grey, clear, and quick. In reproving he is terrible; in
+admonishing, courteous and fair spoken&mdash;pleasant in conversation, mixed
+with gravity. It cannot be recollected that any have seen him laugh, but
+many have seen him weep. In proportion of body most excellent; his hands
+and arms most delectable to behold; in speaking, very temperate, modest,
+and wise. A man for his singular beauty far surpassing the children of
+men."
+</p>
+<p>
+VERITAS.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page88"
+  name="page88">
+  </a>[pg 88]
+</span>
+
+<h3>BRIGHTON IN 1743.</h3>
+<div class="figure" style="width:100%;">
+  <a href="images/533-001.png">
+  <img width = "100%" src="images/533-002.png" alt="BRIGHTON IN 1743." />
+  </a>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+(Whoever has enjoyed the natural beauties or artificial luxuries of
+BRIGHTON&mdash;the <i>Daphne</i> of our metropolis&mdash;will feel some curiosity
+respecting its origin and progress from an obscure fishing-town to such a
+focus of wealth and fashion as at this moment it presents. The celebrity
+of Brighton, we may observe, extends throughout the empire, and is almost
+as well known to the plodding and stay-at-home townsman of the north as to
+the luxurious idler ever and anon in quest of new pleasures. As the
+occasional abode of the Royal Family, its name has figured in the Court
+records of the last half century. Of late years, however, Brighton has
+assumed an extent and importance which may be referred to a spirit of
+speculative enterprise unparalleled in the fortunes of any other town in
+the United Kingdom. Not only has a palace, but squares of palatial
+mansions, terraces, crescents, and streets, nay, very towns of splendid
+houses, have sprung up with fairy-like rapidity; and Brighton has thus
+become, not merely a fashionable resort for the season, but a place of
+permanent residence for a very large proportion of wealthy individuals.
+Our present purpose is, however, to illustrate the past obscurity and not
+the present high palmy state of Brighton. Our own recollections would
+carry us back nearly a score of years, when the Pavilion or Marine Palace
+was a plain, neat, villa-like building, with verandas to command a
+prospect of the sea; and when the Steines scarcely merited the designation
+of enclosures: when a roomy yellow-washed mansion occupied the upper end
+of the old Steine, and was pointed to as once the house of Dr. Russell, to
+whom Brighton owes much of its early fame; its site being now occupied by
+a superb hotel: when Phoebe Hassell and Martha Gunn were the lionesses of
+the place&mdash;the one by land and the other by sea: and when not a carriage
+entered Brighton without the electioneering salute of half a score of blue
+gownswomen with cards of their crazy machines to give you a
+tenancy-at-will of the ocean. But, our quoted particulars of Brighton
+invest it with a much earlier interest than our brief memory can supply.
+They are historical as well as topographical, from the primitive records
+of the place, and are accompanied by a view of the town from the sea, as
+it appeared in the year 1743, or about 90 years since. For this and the
+interesting details which accompany it we are indebted to a History of
+Brighthelmston published by Dr. Anthony Rhelan towards the close of the
+last century, and lately edited and reprinted by Mr. Mitchell of Brighton,
+with the benevolent intention of aiding the funds of the Sussex County
+Infirmary, by the profits arising from the sale of the work. It requires
+an almost microscopic eye to distinguish the buildings in the Cut. The
+Royal standard on the fort, is, by an error of the artist,
+disproportionally large.)
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page89"
+  name="page89">
+  </a>[pg 89]
+</span>
+ The town of Brighthelmston,
+<a id="footnotetag2"
+ name="footnotetag2">
+</a>
+<sup>
+  <a href="#footnote2">2
+  </a>
+</sup> in the county of
+Sussex, is situated on the banks of the sea, at the bottom of a bay of the
+same name, formed to the east by Beachy-Head, and by Worthing point to the
+West.
+</p>
+<p>
+The bay is a bold and deep shore exposed to the open sea: from the banks
+or cliffs a clean gravel runs to the sea terminating in a hard sand, free
+from every mixture of ooze, and those offensive beds of mud, so frequently
+found at the mouths of rivers, and on many shores.
+</p>
+<p>
+The town is built on a rising hill with a south-east exposition; defended
+towards the north by hills, whose ascent is easy, and view pleasing;
+bounded on the west by a fruitful and extensive cornfield, descending
+gently from the Downs to the banks of the sea, and leading to Shoreham;
+and on the east by a most beautiful lawn called the Steine, which runs
+winding up into the country among hills, to the distance of some miles.
+</p>
+<p>
+The soil here, and over all the south Downs, is a chalk rock covered with
+earth of various kinds and depths in different places.
+</p>
+<p>
+The country round Brighthelmston is open and free from woods, and finely
+diversified with hills and valleys. Hence the advantage of exercise may be
+always enjoyed in fair weather: it is ever cool on the hills, and a
+shelter may be constantly found in the valleys from excess of wind.
+</p>
+<p>
+The hills are in some places steep, but everywhere covered with a green
+sward from the bottom to the top.
+<a id="footnotetag3"
+ name="footnotetag3">
+</a>
+<sup>
+  <a href="#footnote3">3
+  </a>
+</sup> On the summit of these the prospect
+is extensive and varied; towards the sea there is an uninterrupted view
+from Beachy-head to the Isle of Wight; towards the land, or <i>weald</i> side,
+the view, in the opinion of the great Mr. Ray, is no where to be equalled;
+and from this very prospect, compared with that of the Isle of Ely, he
+infers the wisdom of God in the construction of hills.
+</p>
+<p>
+The Downs here run parallel to the sea; the turf of them is remarkably
+fine; they are from six to ten miles broad: so that this delightful
+country cannot be deemed a confined one.
+</p>
+<p>
+The merit of the situation of this town has within these few years
+attracted a great resort of the principal gentry of this kingdom, and
+engaged them in a summer residence here. And there is reason to believe,
+that in the earliest times it was in the highest estimation. The altars of
+the Druids, the only surviving remains of the ancient Britons, are no
+where to be seen in greater number.
+<a id="footnotetag4"
+ name="footnotetag4">
+</a>
+<sup>
+  <a href="#footnote4">4
+  </a>
+</sup> And although there are here no
+traces of temples, no images here existing, yet does not their want in any
+shape invalidate the supposition of this place's having been an original
+residence of theirs, as it seems to have been a received principle in all
+countries where Druidism prevailed, that the confining the Deity within
+walls, or the representing him in any human figure, were unworthy of his
+majesty, and unsuitable to his immensity. But the position of these altars,
+and the local circumstances answering so exactly to their customary choice
+of places, leave but little room to doubt of their having had a residence
+here.
+</p>
+<p>
+The attachment of our ancestors to this place may be further illustrated
+by our taking a view of the efforts they made to preserve it.
+</p>
+<p>
+Suetonius, relating the invasion of Britain by Vespasian, says, "Tricies
+cum hoste conflixit; duas validissimas gentes, superque xx oppida, et
+Insulam Vectem Britanniae proximam in deditionem redegit." Cap. iv. Now,
+that one of these nations inhabited the Downs of Sussex, seems probable
+from their vicinity to the Isle of Wight, and in some measure confirmed by
+the lines and intrenchments still subsisting between Brighthelmston and
+Lewes, where the principal scene of action must have been, and bearing
+every Roman mark.
+</p>
+<p>
+That there was a Roman station in this neighbourhood is admitted by the
+antiquarians, though its exact situation is not as yet ascertained. The
+Portus Aldurni, placed by the learned Selden at Aldrington, two miles to
+the west of Brighthelmston, is by the ingenious Tabor presumed to have
+been at East Bourne, eighteen miles to the east of it: yet there are many
+local and incidental circumstances belonging to this place, and which are
+wanting in those towns, that render a conjecture probable as to its having
+been a Roman station.
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page90"
+  name="page90">
+  </a>[pg 90]
+</span>
+
+</p>
+<p>
+The Praepositus of the Exploratores, whose office was to discover the
+state and motions of the enemy, and who was certainly in this part of
+Sussex, could be no where more advantageously placed than in the elevated
+situations of the strong camps at Hollingsbury and White-Hawke, commanding
+a most extensive view of the whole coast from Beachy-Head to the Isle of
+Wight. The form of this town is almost a perfect square; the streets are
+built at right angles to each other, and its situation is to the south
+east, the favourite one among the Romans. To these may be added, that an
+urn has been some time ago dug up in this neighbourhood, containing a
+thousand silver denarii marked from Antoninus Pius to Philip, during which
+tract of time Britain was probably a Roman province. And, lastly, the
+vestiges of a true Roman via running from Shoreham towards Lewes, at a
+small distance above this town have been lately discovered by an ingenious
+gentleman truly conversant in matters of this nature.
+</p>
+<p>
+The light sometimes obtained in these dark matters from a similitude of
+sounds in the ancient and modern names of places, is not to be had in
+assisting the present conjecture. Its ancient one, as far as I can learn,
+is no way discoverable; and its modern one may be owing either to this
+town's belonging formerly to, or being countenanced in a particular manner
+by a Bishop Brighthelm, who, during the Saxon government of the island,
+lived in this neighbourhood: or perhaps may be deduced from the ships of
+this town having their helms better ornamented than those of their
+neighbouring ones.
+</p>
+<p>
+It is true here are no hypocausts, Mosaic pavements, inscriptions, or any
+other delicate monuments of Roman antiquity,
+<a id="footnotetag5"
+ name="footnotetag5">
+</a>
+<sup>
+  <a href="#footnote5">5
+  </a>
+</sup> that might corroborate in
+a stronger manner this supposition: these, if any such existed here, have
+been defaced by time, or destroyed by the undiscerning inhabitants of the
+place.
+</p>
+<p>
+During the Saxon aera, this town was almost the centre of the kingdom of
+the South Saxons; and consequently could not be the scene of much action.
+It submitted to the various revolutions which prevailed at different times,
+until the Norman conquest.
+</p>
+<p>
+The conqueror landed at Hastings forty miles distant to the east of this
+town; so that his troops never came near it. Yet, the fate of England
+being decided by the bloody engagement at Battel, this town, with many
+other large possessions in the county, was granted to William de Warren,
+who married the Conqueror's daughter: and he soon made it part of the
+endowment of that rich priory, which he founded at Lewes.
+</p>
+<p>
+This resigning of the town into the hands of monks was a fatal stroke to
+its ancient greatness. Too attentive to their own immediate interest, and
+too regardless of that of their vassals, as soon as they were in
+possession of it, they laboured, and with success, to obtain an exemption
+for it from supplying the king with ships, or affording him such other
+succour, as a large and powerful maritime town ought to have done, on the
+pretence of its being part of a religious estate.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>(To be concluded in our next.)</i>
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>FINE ARTS</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>LARGE PAINTED WINDOW OF THE CRUCIFIXION.</h3>
+
+<p>
+Mr. Wilmshurst has nearly completed a fine copy, on glass, of Mr. Hilton's
+celebrated picture of the Crucifixion. It consists of 118 squares, 15 by
+21 inches each, fitted into copper frames, in a large centre and two sides;
+in all 19 feet high, and 15 feet wide, intended for a Venetian window-case
+in St. George's Church, Liverpool. The original picture was painted for
+this purpose, by commission from the Corporation, in the year 1826, for
+which the artist received 1,000 guineas. Perhaps in all the productions of
+British art there is not a more appropriate subject for the embellishment
+of a church, than Hilton's representation of this sublime event. The
+countenance and figure of the crucified Saviour are admirably drawn: his
+placid resignation is finely contrasted with the muscular figures of the
+two thieves struggling in the last agonies of torture: the spike-nails and
+blood-drops of the hands and feet, and the title on the cross are closely
+preserved. The group of women at the foot of the cross, the lifeless form,
+drooping hand, anxious eye, and gushing tear, the terrified and afflicted
+populace, and the unperturbed devotional gaze of a few by-standers are too
+among the masterly beauties of this composition. The lights are well kept,
+and the entire effect of the Window is that of awe-inspiring grandeur.
+</p>
+<p>
+It is somewhat curious, that on the evening Mr. Wilmshurst put
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page91"
+  name="page91">
+  </a>[pg 91]
+</span>
+ together
+his Liverpool Window, his larger Window of the Field of Cloth of Gold, was
+totally destroyed by fire, and by the next morning all its glories were
+melted (or vitrified) into tears.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>THE TWA BURDIES.</h3>
+<h3>BY THE ETTRICK SHEPHERD.</h3>
+
+<div class="poem">
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>When the winter day had past an' gane,</p>
+    <p>Twa wee burdies came into our hearth stane;</p>
+    <p>An' they lookit a'round them wi' little din,</p>
+    <p>As if they had living souls within.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>"O, bonny burdies, come tell to me</p>
+    <p>If ye are twa burdies o' this countrye?</p>
+    <p>An' where ye were gaun when ye tint your gate,</p>
+    <p>A-winging the winter shower sae late?"</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>"We are cauld, we are cauld&mdash;ye maun let us bide,</p>
+    <p>For our father's gane, an' our mother's a bride:</p>
+    <p>But in her bride's bed though she be,</p>
+    <p>We would rather cour on the earth wi' thee!"</p>
+    </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>"O, bonny burdies, my heart is sair</p>
+    <p>To see twa motherless broods sae fair.</p>
+    <p>But flee away, burdies! flee away!</p>
+    <p>For I darenae bide wi' you till day."</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>"Ye maun let us bide till our feathers dry,</p>
+    <p>For the time of our trial's drawing nigh.</p>
+    <p>A voice will call at the hour eleven,</p>
+    <p>An' a naked sword appear in heaven!</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>"There's an offering to make, but not by men,</p>
+    <p>On altar as white as the snow of the glen&mdash;</p>
+    <p>There's a choice to be made, and a vow to pay,</p>
+    <p>And blood to spill ere the break of day."</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>"O, tell me, beings of marvellous birth,</p>
+    <p>If ye are twa creatures of heaven or earth?</p>
+    <p>For ye look an' ye speak, I watnae how&mdash;</p>
+    <p>But I'm fear'd, I'm fear'd, little burdies for you!"</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>"Ye needna be fear'd, for it's no our part</p>
+    <p>To injure the kind and the humble heart;</p>
+    <p>And those whose trust is in heaven high,</p>
+    <p>The Angel of God will aye be nigh.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>We were twa sisters bred in a bower,</p>
+    <p>As gay as the lark an' as fair as the flower;</p>
+    <p>But few of the ills of this world we proved,</p>
+    <p>Till we were slain by the hands we loved.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Our bodies into the brake were flung,</p>
+    <p>To feed the hawks and the ravens young;</p>
+    <p>And there our little bones reclined,</p>
+    <p>And white they bleach'd in the winter wind.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Our youngest sister found them there,</p>
+    <p>And wiped them clean wi' her yellow hair;</p>
+    <p>And every day she sits and grieves,</p>
+    <p>And covers them o'er wi' the wabron leaves.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Then our twin souls they sought the sky,</p>
+    <p>And were welcome guests in the heavens high;</p>
+    <p>And we gat our choice through all the spheres</p>
+    <p>What lives to lead for a thousand years.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Then humble, old matron, lend us thine aid,</p>
+    <p>For this night the choice is to be made;</p>
+    <p>And we have sought thy lowly hearth</p>
+    <p>For the last advice thou giv'st on earth.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Say, shall we skim o'er this earth below,</p>
+    <p>Beholding its scenes of joy and woe;</p>
+    <p>And try to reward the virtuous heart,</p>
+    <p>And make the unjust and the sinner smart?</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Or shall we choose the star of love,</p>
+    <p>In a holy twilight still to move;</p>
+    <p>Or fly to frolic, light and boon,</p>
+    <p>On the silver mountains of the moon?</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>O, tell us, for we hae nane beside!</p>
+    <p>Our daddy's gane, and our mammy's a bride.</p>
+    <p>She is blitliely laid in her bridal sheet,</p>
+    <p>But a spirit stands at her bed feet.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Ay, though she be laid in her bridal bed,</p>
+    <p>There is guiltless blood upon her head;</p>
+    <p>And on her soul the hue of a crime,</p>
+    <p>That will never wash out till the end of time.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Advise, advise! dear matron, advise!</p>
+    <p>For you are humble, devout, and wise.</p>
+    <p>We ask a last advice from you&mdash;</p>
+    <p>Our hour is come&mdash;what shall we do?"</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>"O, wondrous creatures, ye maun allow</p>
+    <p>I naething can ken of beings like you;</p>
+    <p>But ere the voice calls at eleven,</p>
+    <p>Go ask your Father who is in heaven."</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Away, away, the burdies flew</p>
+    <p>Aye singing, "Adieu, kind heart, adieu!</p>
+    <p>They that hae blood on their hands may rue</p>
+    <p>Afore the day-beam kiss the dew.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>There's naught sae heinous in human life</p>
+    <p>As taking a helpless baby's life;</p>
+    <p>There's naething sae kind aneath the sky</p>
+    <p>As cheering the heart that soon maun die."</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>The morning came wi' drift an' snaw,</p>
+    <p>And with it news frae the bridal-ha',</p>
+    <p>That death had been busy, and blood was spilt,</p>
+    <p>May Heaven preserve us all from guilt!</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>They tell of a deed&mdash;Believe't who can?</p>
+    <p>Such tale was never told by man;</p>
+    <p>The bridegroom is gone in fire and flood,</p>
+    <p>And the bridal-bed is steep'd with blood!</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>The poor auld matron died ere day,</p>
+    <p>And was found as life was passing away;</p>
+    <p>And twa bonny burdies sang in the bed,</p>
+    <p>The one at the feet, the other the head.</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>Now I have heard tales, and told them too,</p>
+    <p>Hut this is beyond what I could do;</p>
+    <p>And far hae I ridden, and far hae I gane,</p>
+    <p>But burdies like these I never saw nane.</p>
+  </div>
+</div>
+<p>
+<i>Fraser's Magazine.</i>
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3>ELLISTON AND THE ASS' HEAD.</h3>
+
+<p>
+Elliston was, in his day, the Napoleon of Drury-lane, but, like the
+conqueror at Austerlitz, he suffered his declensions, and the Surrey
+became to him a St. Helena. However, once an eagle always an eagle; and
+Robert William was no less aquiline in the day of adversity than in his
+palmy time of patent prosperity. He was born to carry things with a high
+hand, and he but fulfilled his destiny. The anecdote which we are about to
+relate, is one of the ten thousand instances of his lordly bearing. When,
+the season before last, "no effects" was written over the treasury-door of
+Covent-garden theatre, it will be remembered that several actors proffered
+their services <i>gratis</i>, in aid of the then humble, but now arrogant and
+persecuting establishment. Among these patriots was Mr. T.P. Cooke&mdash;(it
+was just after his promotion to the honorary rank of Admiral of the Blue).
+The Covent-garden managers jumped at the offer of the actor, who was in
+due time announced as having, in the true play-bill style, "most
+generously volunteered his services for six nights!" Cooke was advertised
+for <i>William</i>; Elliston having "most generously lent [N.B. this was <i>not</i>
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page92"
+  name="page92">
+  </a>[pg 92]
+</span>
+put in the bill] his musical score of <i>Black-Eyed Susan</i>, together with
+the identical captains' coats, worn at a hundred-and-fifty court-martials
+at the Surrey Theatre!" Cooke&mdash;the score&mdash;the coats, were all accepted,
+and made the most of by the now prosecuting managers of Covent-garden, who
+cleared out of the said Cooke, score, and coats, one thousand pounds at
+half-price on the first six nights of their exhibition. This is a fact;
+nay, we have lately heard it stated that all the sum was specially banked,
+to be used in a future war against the minors. Cooke was then engaged for
+twelve more nights, at ten pounds per night&mdash;a hackney-coach bringing him
+each night, hot from the Surrey stage, where he had previously made
+bargemen weep, and thrown nursery-maids into convulsions. Well, time drove
+on, and Cooke drove into the country. Elliston, who was always classical,
+having a due veneration for that divine "creature," Shakspeare, announced,
+on the anniversary of the poet's birth-day, a representation of the
+Stratford Jubilee. The wardrobe was ransacked, the property-man was on the
+alert; and, after much preparation, every thing was in readiness for the
+imposing spectacle.&mdash;No! There was one thing forgotten&mdash;one important
+"property!" <i>Bottom</i> must be a "feature" in the procession, and there was
+no ass's head! it would not do for the acting manager to apologize for the
+absence of the head&mdash;no, <i>he</i> could not have the face to do it. A head
+must be procured! Every one was in doubt and trepidation, when hope
+sounded in the clarion-like voice of Robert William. "Ben!" exclaimed
+Elliston, "take pen, ink, and paper, and write as follows!" Ben (Mr.
+Benjamin Fairbrother, the late manager's most trusty secretary) sat, "all
+ear" and Elliston, with finger on nether lip, proceeded.&mdash;
+</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"My dear Charles,</p>
+  </div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+I am about to represent, 'with entirely new dresses, scenery, and
+decorations,' the Stratford Jubilee, in honour of the sweet swan of Avon.
+My scene-painter is the finest artist (except your Grieve) in Europe&mdash;my
+tailor is no less a genius, and I lately raised the salary of my
+property-man. This will give you some idea of the capabilities of the
+Surrey Theatre. However, in the hurry of "getting up," we have forgotten
+one property&mdash;every thing is well with us but our <i>Bottom</i>, and he wants a
+head. As it is too late to manufacture, not but that my property-man is
+the cleverest in the world (except the property-man of Covent-garden), can
+<i>you</i>, lend me an ass's head, and believe me, my dear Charles,
+</div>
+
+  <div class="stanza">
+  <p>Yours ever truly,</p>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="stanza">
+  <p class="i4">ROBERT WILLIAM ELLISTON."</p>
+</div>
+
+  <div class="stanza">
+"P.S. I had forgotten to acknowledge the return of the <i>Black-Eyed Susan</i>
+score, and coats. You were most welcome to them."
+  </div>
+</div>
+<p>
+The letter was dispatched to Covent-garden Theatre, and in a brief time
+the bearer returned with the following answer:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem">
+  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"MY DEAR ROBERT,</p>
+  </div>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+It is with the most acute pain that I am compelled to refuse your
+trifling request. You are aware, my dear Sir, of the unfortunate situation
+of Covent-garden Theatre; it being at the present moment, with all the
+'dresses, scenery, and decorations,' in the Court of Chancery, I cannot
+exercise that power which my friendship would dictate. I have spoken to
+Bartley, and he agrees with me (indeed, he always does), that I cannot
+lend you an ass's head&mdash;he is an authority on such a subject&mdash;without
+risking a reprimand from the Lord High Chancellor. Trusting to your
+generosity, and to your liberal construction of my refusal&mdash;and hoping
+that it will in no way interrupt that mutually cordial friendship that has
+ever subsisted between us.
+</div>
+  <div class="stanza">
+<p>Believe me, ever yours,</p>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="stanza">
+<p class="i4">CHARLES KEMBLE."</p>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="stanza">
+"P.S. When I next see you advertised for <i>Rover</i>, I intend to leave myself
+out of the bill to come and see it."
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>
+Of course this letter did not remain long unanswered. Ben was again in
+requisition, and the following was the result of his labours:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+  <div class="stanza">
+<p>"DEAR CHARLES,</p>
+</div>
+
+  <div class="stanza">
+I regret the situation of Covent-garden Theatre&mdash;I also, for your sake,
+deeply regret that the law does not permit you to send me the 'property'
+in question. I knew that law alone could prevent you; for were it not for
+the vigilance of Equity, such is my opinion of the management of
+Covent-garden, that I am convinced, if left to the dictates of its own
+judgment, it would be enabled to spare asses' heads, not to the Surrey
+atone, but to every theatre in Christendom.
+</div>
+
+ <div class="stanza">
+<p>Yours ever truly,</p>
+</div>
+
+  <div class="stanza">
+<p class="i4">ROBERT WILLIAM ELLISTON."</p>
+</div>
+
+  <div class="stanza">
+"P.S. My wardrobe-keeper informs me that there are no less than seven
+buttons missing from the captains' coats. However, I have ordered their
+places to be instantaneously filled by others."
+</div>
+</div>
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page93"
+  name="page93">
+  </a>[pg 93]
+</span>
+
+<p>
+We entreat our readers not to receive the above as a squib of invention.
+We will not pledge ourselves that the letters are <i>verbatim</i> from the
+originals; but the loan of the Surrey music and coats to Covent-garden,
+with the refusal of Covent-garden's ass's head to the Surrey, is "true as
+holy writ."
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Monthly Magazine.</i>
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>NOTES OF A READER.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>THE BOOK OF INSTRUCTION.</h3>
+
+<p>
+This is styled by the publisher "The Child's <i>Annual;</i>" we do not think
+reasonably so, since instruction is suited for all times. It is a
+tolerably thick volume, and contains the <i>Easies</i> of Grammar, Geography,
+Arithmetic, Natural History, Punctuation, History, Poetry, Music, and
+Dancing; with outlines of Agriculture, Anatomy, Architecture, Astronomy,
+Botany, and other branches of science and knowledge&mdash;a Chronology and
+description of the London public buildings. The contents, to be sure, are
+multifarious; but the book is we think made of a series of books to be
+purchased separately. Every page has a coloured cut of a very gay order.
+Cottages have yellow roofs and pink doors; and shopkeepers are dressed in
+crimson and orange. Some of the grammatical illustrations are droll: a
+heavy old fellow, cross-legged, with his hands folded on a stick is
+<i>myself</i>; Punch is an <i>active verb</i>; a wedding might have illustrated the
+conjunction; four in hand is a preposition. In punctuation, a child asking
+what o'clock it is, illustrates a note of interrogation. We could have
+supplied the editor with the Colon: a little girl who had much difficulty
+in understanding its use, one day complained that a pain in her stomach
+was as bad as a colon. The pictures in Geography are not so good as they
+might have been; and it would have been easy to give correct outlines of
+animals, since others mislead children. Music made easy is better, as are
+Steps to Dancing. The Chronology is faulty and ill-adapted for children:
+what do the little dears want to know of the sale of Cobbett's Register,
+or Mr. Fletcher and Miss Dick. There are certain things which children
+should know, and others which they should not hear of. Show them as many
+of the virtues of mankind as you please: prepare the soil well, and there
+will be less chance of vicious weeds. Altogether this book merits
+recommendation. It is nicely bound, as the Guinea Annual folks say, partly
+in <i>Arabesque.</i>
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3>CHEAP MEDICINE.</h3>
+
+<p>
+A publisher who pays much regard to usefulness and economy in reprints has
+put forth <i>Buchan's Domestic Medicine</i> for something less than a crown,
+with a supplementary "Cholera Morbus, its history, symptoms, mode of
+treatment, antidotes,&amp;c." By the way, we have often thought Buchan's book
+like the Dead Sea: you cannot fall into the latter without some of its
+water incrusting on you, and you cannot read Buchan without feeling an
+ache. Its popularity is founded upon the hackneyed adage "the knowledge of
+a disease is half its cure." People will pore over its sea of calamities
+till they almost fall into the fire, or get scalded with the water from a
+kettle, and then turn to the Index, Scalds, page 326: perhaps this is a
+good plan to test the practical value of a book, as the surgeon scalded
+two fingers and plunged one into turpentine and the other into spirits of
+wine to test their respective services in case of a scald.
+</p>
+<p>
+Here too we may notice a cheap <i>Companion to the Family Medicine Chest,</i>
+with an alphabetical arrangement of Medicines, their properties, and plain
+rules for taking them; with the Cholera, of course, as a rider, and
+cautions respecting suspended animation and poisons. The little
+shillingsworth is in its fifteenth edition, so that many thousand persons
+must have taken many million doses by its prescription, and in some cases
+become their own medicine chests, with this book as their companion.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>HERBERT'S COUNTRY PARSON, &amp;c.</h3>
+
+<p>
+Readers who delight to slake their thirst for knowledge from the deep and
+pure wells of our olden literature will rejoice to hear of a cheap and
+elegant reprint of this beautiful little book. Perchance some book-buyer
+need be told that the above is a book to live by&mdash;an invaluable legacy of
+a parish priest to his brethren and the world. The author George Herbert,
+was born in 1593, near Montgomery, in the castle that had been
+successively happy in the Herberts, as Isaak Walton observes, "a family
+that hath been blest with men of remarkable wisdom." Herbert was educated
+at Cambridge, where he obtained the friendship of "the great secretary of
+nature and all learning, Sir Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam," who consulted
+Herbert "before he would expose any of his books to be printed, and
+dedicated a version of the Psalms to him as the best judge of divine
+poetry." Herbert
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page94"
+  name="page94">
+  </a>[pg 94]
+</span> was patronized by James I. who, for an elegant Latin
+oration, gave him a sinecure of 120<i>l</i>. a-year, for in those days the only
+Royal Society of Literature was in the palace; it is now among subjects,
+and too little in the Court. Upon the death of James, Herbert's Court
+hopes died also, and he betook himself to a retreat from London. In this
+retirement, "he had many conflicts with himself, whether he should return
+to the painted pleasures of court life or betake himself to the study of
+divinity, and enter into sacred orders." He chose the latter. He married
+well. In 1630 he was inducted into the parsonage of Bemerton, a mile from
+Salisbury; the third day after which, he said to his wife, "You are now a
+minister's wife, and must now so far forget your father's house, as not to
+claim a precedence of any one of your parishioners; for you are to know
+that a priest's wife can challenge no precedence or place, but that which
+she purchases by her obliging humility; and I am sure, places so purchased
+do best become them. And let me tell you, that I am so good a herald, as
+to assure you that this is truth." These rules his meek wife observed with
+cheerful willingness. Herbert now set about his "Priest to the Temple: or
+the Country Parson, his character, and rule of Holy Life." Unlike many
+doctrinists, he practised his own rules: he was a self-example of his own
+precepts, and his book was the rule of his own life; or, as Walton more
+beautifully explains it "his behaviour towards God and man may be said to
+be a practical comment on the holy rules set down in that useful book."
+Thus, he sets forth the Diversities of a Pastor's life: the Parson's life,
+knowledge, praying, preaching, Sundays, house, courtesy, charity, church,
+comfort, eye, mirth, &amp;c.; his prayers before and after Sermon, with a few
+poetical pieces of quaint but touching sweetness. His poetry has been
+censured for its point and antithesis; but he cultivated the poetical art
+to convey moral and devotional sentiments; others excel him in smoothness
+of versification, but not in benevolent purpose. Herbert though himself a
+pattern of humility, was younger brother of the celebrated Lord Herbert of
+Cherbury, whom Horace Walpole abuses for his beauty and gallant bearing,
+tinctured it must be allowed, with affected notions of high birth. But the
+gay philosopher of Cherbury lived in the last days of chivalry, and had
+their light but gleamed upon Walpole, he would, in all probability, have
+borne the very qualities which he so loudly censures in Herbert. The
+pastor Herbert's wife was nearly related to Lord Danby, so that the
+caution which we have quoted was perhaps requisite. As Herbert sank his
+own high birth, it was but fit that his wife should forget hers also.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3>THE NEW BATH GUIDE.</h3>
+
+<p>
+What a change from grave to gay&mdash;from the moral antitheses of Herbert's
+<i>Country Parson</i> to the fun and folly of Anstey's New Bath Guide, with
+etchings by George Cruikshank, and cuts admirably designed and engraved by
+S. Williams&mdash;as Mr. Simkin dressing for the ball:
+</p>
+<div class="poem">
+  <div class="stanza">
+    <p>But what with my Nivernois hat can compare,</p>
+    <p>Bag-wig and laced ruffles, and black solitaire,</p>
+    <p>And what can a man of true fashion denote,</p>
+    <p>Like an ell of good riband tyed under the throat.</p>
+  </div>
+</div>
+<p>
+and "We three blunder-heads," two frizzled physicians of the last century,
+and the invariably accompanying cane, or Esculapian wand. This edition is
+by Mr. Britton, who has prefixed a dedication and an essay on the genius
+of Anstey, both of which sparkle with humour and lively anecdote; and an
+amusing sketch of Bath as it is. Among the anecdotical notes to the Poem
+it is stated that Dodsley acknowledged about ten years after he had
+purchased the "Bath Guide," that the profits from its sale were greater
+than on any other book he had published. He generously gave up the
+copyright to the author in 1777, who had 200<i>l</i>. for the copyright after
+the second edition. Yet Dodsley, with all his liberality lived to be rich,
+though he originally was footman to the Hon. Mrs. Lowther; so true is it
+that genius and perseverance will find their way upwards from any station.
+</p>
+<p>
+There is a pleasant anecdote of the late John Palmer, who, it will be
+remembered, was somewhat stiltish. "Palmer, whose father was a
+bill-sticker, and who had occasionally practised in the same humble
+occupation himself, strutting one evening in the green-room at Drury-Lane
+Theatre, in a pair of glittering buckles, a gentleman present remarked
+that they greatly resembled diamonds. 'Sir,' said Palmer, with warmth, 'I
+would have you to know, that I never wear anything but diamonds.' 'Jack,
+your pardon,' replied the gentleman, 'I remember the time when you wore
+nothing but <i>paste!</i>' This produced a loud laugh, which was heightened by
+Parsons jogging him on the elbow, and drily saying, 'Jack, why don't you
+<i>stick him against the wall?</i>'"
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page95"
+  name="page95">
+  </a>[pg 95]
+</span>
+Another. Mr. Quin, upon his first going to Bath, found he was charged most
+exorbitantly for every thing; and, at the end of a week, complained to
+Nash, who had invited him thither, as the cheapest place in England for a
+man of taste and a <i>bon vivant</i>. The master of the ceremonies, who knew
+that Quin relished a pun, replied, "They have acted by you on truly
+Christian principles." "How so?" says Quin. "Why," answered Nash, "you
+were a <i>stranger</i>, and they <i>took you in</i>." "Ay" rejoined Quin; "but they
+have fleeced me, instead of clothed me."
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3>THE OUTLINE OF ENGLISH HISTORY,</h3>
+
+<p>
+Is a well-executed compendium for schools, and will be amusing by any
+fire-side. It not merely contains the great names, but abounds with
+curious notes on domestic life in each reign, with facts and calculations
+which must have cost the editor, Mr. Ince, many days labour. The period
+pompously termed "the Georgian Aera" is not so copious us the editor
+wishes, but a little more forethought on his part or that of the printer
+would better satisfy himself and the public.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h3>SNATCHES</h3>
+
+<p>
+<i>From Mr. Bulwer's Novel of "Eugene Aram,"</i> vol. i.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Love of Nature</i>.&mdash;It has been observed and there is a world of homely, ay,
+of legislative knowledge in the observation, that wherever you see a
+flower in a cottage-garden, or a bird at the window, you may feel sure
+that the cottagers are better and wiser than their neighbours.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Humour</i>.&mdash;Where but in farces is the phraseology of the humorist always
+the same?
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Conversation Tactics</i>.&mdash;A quick, short, abrupt turn, that retrenching all
+superfluities of pronoun and conjunction, and marching at once upon the
+meaning of the sentence, had in it a military and Spartan significance,
+which betrayed how difficult it often is for a man to forget that he had
+been a corporal.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Music of Water</i>.&mdash;You saw hard by the rivulet darkening and stealing away,
+till your sight, though not your ear, lost it among the woodland.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>A fine Fellow</i>&mdash;He had strong principles as well as warm feelings, and a
+fine and resolute sense of honour utterly impervious to attack. It was
+impossible to be in his company an hour, and not see that he was a man to
+be respected. It was equally impossible to live with him a week, and not
+see that he was a man to be beloved.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Marriage</i>.&mdash;The greatest happiness which the world is capable of
+bestowing&mdash;the society and love of one in whom we could wish for no change,
+and beyond whom we have no desire.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Fatality</i>.&mdash;What evil cannot corrupt, Fate seldom spares.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Widowhood</i>.&mdash;If the blow did not crush, at least it changed him.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Comfort of Children</i>.&mdash;As his nephew and his motherless daughters grew up,
+they gave an object to his seclusion, and a relief to his reflections. He
+found a pure and unfailing delight in watching the growth of their young
+minds, and guiding their differing dispositions; and, as time at length
+enabled them to return his affection, and appreciate his cares, he became
+once more sensible that he had a home.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Intellectual Beauty</i>.&mdash;Her eyes of a deep blue, wore a thoughtful and
+serene expression, and her forehead, higher and broader than it usually is
+in women, gave promise of a certain nobleness of intellect, and added
+dignity, but a feminine dignity, to the more tender characteristics of her
+beauty.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>A Village Beauty</i>.&mdash;The sunlight of a happy and innocent heart sparkled
+on her face, and gave a beam it gladdened you to behold, to her quick
+hazel eye, and a smile that broke out from a thousand dimples.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>An unformed mind</i>.&mdash;Cheerful to outward seeming, but restless, fond of
+change, and subject to the melancholy and pining mood common to young and
+ardent minds.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Dependence</i>.&mdash;What in the world makes a man of just pride appear so
+unamiable as the sense of dependence.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Two modes of sitting in a chair</i>.&mdash;The one short, dry, fragile, and
+betraying a love of ease in his unbuttoned vest, and a certain lolling,
+see-sawing method of balancing his body upon his chair; the other, erect
+and solemn, and as steady on his seat as if he were nailed to it.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>A Soldier's simile</i>.&mdash;Your shy dog is always a deep one: give me a man
+who looks me in the face as he would a cannon.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>A Landlord's Independence</i>.&mdash;The indifference of a man well to do, and
+not ambitious of half-pence. "There's my wife by the door, friend; go,
+tell her what you want."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<span class="pagenum">
+  <a id="page96"
+  name="page96">
+  </a>[pg 96]
+</span>
+<h2>THE GATHERER</h2>
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+<i>The Opera</i>. From the number of French and German operas announced for
+performance at the King's Theatre, it should no longer be called the
+<i>Italian</i> Opera, but the <i>Foreign Opera</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Tooth Ache</i>.&mdash;Powdered alum not only relieves this annoyance, but
+prevents the decay of the tooth.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Egypt</i>.&mdash;The French are just at this moment crazy for Egyptian
+antiquities. "While Champollion (<i>on dit</i>)is about to unrol the mystic
+papyri in all their primitive significance, the celebrated Caillaud has
+preceded him with the First Numbers of a work on the Arts and Trades of
+the Egyptians, Nubians, and Ethiopians; their customs, civil, and domestic,
+with the manners and customs of the modern inhabitants of these countries."
+&mdash;<i>For. Quart. Rev.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Anne Boleyn</i>.&mdash;M. Crapelet, the celebrated Parisian printer, has just
+written and printed a beautiful little volume entitled <i>Anne Boleyn</i>,
+which is spoken of as "a careful and pains-taking attempt to exhibit a
+character hitherto strangely disfigured by party writers, in its true
+light."
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Root of the Devil</i>.&mdash;There is a strange root called the Devil's Bit
+Scabious, of which quaint old Gerard observes: "The great part of the root
+seemeth to be bitten away: old fantasticke charmers report that the devil
+did bite it for envie, because it is an herbe that hath so many good
+virtues, and is so beneficial to mankinde." Sir James Smith as quaintly
+observes, "the malice of the devil has unhappily been so successful, that
+no virtue can now be found in the remainder of the root or herb."&mdash;
+<i>Knowledge for the People.</i> Part xiv.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Onions</i>.&mdash;The British onion is of the worst description, those of Egypt
+and India being considered great delicacies. Their strong, disagreeable
+odour is attributable to the sulphur which they contain, and which is
+deposited by their juice, when exposed to heat.&mdash;<i>Ibid</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Spanish Liquorice</i> is so called from its being manufactured only in
+<i>Spain</i> and Sicily. The root grows naturally in those countries and in
+Languedoc, and in such abundance in some parts of Sicily, that it is
+considered the greatest scourge to the cultivator.&mdash;<i>Ibid</i>. (Our brewers
+and distillers would not be of this opinion were liquorice indigenous to
+this country.)
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Heat in Plants</i>.&mdash;Lamarck tells us of a plant, which during a few hours
+of its growth, is "so hot as to seem burning." Its greatest heat is stated
+at nearly 45 degrees above the temperature of the air in which the plant
+was growing.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Iceland</i> is perhaps the most deplorable spot on the world's map. "Not
+very long ago it counted at least 100,000 inhabitants. Depopulated by time,
+which has more than once introduced frightful pestilence, there are now
+not half that number. Their occupation is that of shepherds and fishermen,
+for the bitterness of the climate makes all agricultural labours vain or
+unproductive. They are scattered over the wide wastes of the country, far
+distant, in huts and farms, and it was only in 1787 that any portion of
+the population was gathered into towns, if towns may be called the two
+spots where a few families have their abode together."&mdash;<i>For. Quart. Rev.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Tobacco and Snuff</i>.&mdash;Tobacco is a narcotic and depressing poison, whose
+effect on the nerves and stomach is to destroy the appetite, prevent the
+perfect digestion of the food, create an unnatural thirst, and render the
+individual who uses it nervous and otherwise infirm. Snuff destroys the
+sense of smell, and causes a very disagreeable alteration in the voice. It
+also produces head-ache in the course of time; and by the distillation of
+its juice which falls from the posterior nostrils into the stomach during
+sleep, gives rise to weak and painful digestion.&mdash;<i>Dr. Granville</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Early Rising</i>.&mdash;From March to November, at least, no cause, save sickness,
+or one of equal weight, should retain us in bed a moment after the sun has
+risen.&mdash;<i>Dr. Granville</i>. (What say the lazy Londoners to this? In Paris,
+shops are opened and set out for the day before six o'clock in the
+mornings of spring, summer, and great part of autumn.)
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Food</i>.&mdash;Many articles of consumption, introduced in the reign of Henry
+VIII, the following distich embraces a few:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+  <div class="stanza">
+  <p>Turkey, carp, hops, pricard, and beer.</p>
+  <p>Came into England all in one year. (1525.)</p>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>
+<i>Ince's Outline of English History.</i>
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+  <a id="footnote1" name="footnote1">
+   </a><b>Footnote 1</b>:
+   <a href="#footnotetag1">
+    (return)
+   </a>
+    See <i>Rambler</i>, No. 38.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+  <a id="footnote2" name="footnote2">
+   </a><b>Footnote 2</b>:
+   <a href="#footnotetag2">
+    (return)
+   </a>
+    It appears to have been called Brighton in a terrier of lands, dated
+    in 1660.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+  <a id="footnote3" name="footnote3">
+   </a><b>Footnote 3</b>:
+   <a href="#footnotetag3">
+    (return)
+   </a>
+    In the years 1800 and 1801, when wheat was at an unprecedented price,
+    the occupiers of farms on the South Downs converted much of their
+    downland into tillage, from which they acquired abundant crops of corn.
+    The green sward when once ploughed, can never be restored to its
+    former verdure, and although grass seeds have been yearly sown in
+    succession for more than 80 years upon down formerly broken up and
+    converted into arable land, the distinctions between these parts and
+    the original down is still clearly perceptible.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+  <a id="footnote4" name="footnote4">
+   </a><b>Footnote 4</b>:
+   <a href="#footnotetag4">
+    (return)
+   </a>
+    See the remains of a Druidical altar at Goldstone (Gor or Thor stone)
+    bottom, about a mile to the north-west of the town.
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+  <a id="footnote5" name="footnote5">
+   </a><b>Footnote 5</b>:
+   <a href="#footnotetag5">
+    (return)
+   </a>
+    A Mosaic pavement has been discovered at Lancing, within nine miles
+    west of the town.
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>
+<i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset House,)
+London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; G.G. BENNIS,
+55, Rue Neuve, St. Augustin, Paris; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers.</i>
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume 19, No. 533, Saturday, February 11, 1832.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 14, 2004 [EBook #11566]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Allen Siddle and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XIX. NO. 533.] SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1832. [PRICE 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+[Illustration: Cascade at Virginia Water.]
+
+
+CASCADE AT VIRGINIA WATER.
+
+
+This has been described as "perhaps the most striking imitation we have of
+the great works of nature:" at all events, it has less of the mimicry of
+art than similar works on a smaller scale.
+
+Virginia Water will be recollected as the largest sheet of artificial
+water in the kingdom, with the exception of that at Blenheim. Near the
+high Southampton road it forms the above cascade, descending into a glen
+romantically shaded with plantations of birch, willow, and acacia:
+
+  Hollowly here the gushing water sounds
+  With a mysterious voice; one might pause
+  Upon its echoes till it seemeth a noise
+  Of fathomless wilds where man had never walked.
+
+Or it may be described in the graphic words of Thomson:
+
+  With woods o'erhung, and shagg'd with mossy rocks,
+  Whence on each side the gushing waters play,
+  And down the rough cascade white dashing fall,
+  Or gleam in lengthened vista through the trees.
+
+Beside the cascade is a stone cave, "moss-o'ergrown," constructed with
+fragments of immense size and curious shape that were originally dug up at
+Bagshot Heath, and are supposed to be the remains of a Saxon cromlech. At
+the base of this fall, it becomes a running stream, and after winding
+through part of Surrey, falls into the Thames at Chertsey.
+
+The reader will remember Virginia Water as the favourite retreat of the
+late King; and this embellishment, (if so artificial a term can be applied
+to a cascade,) was made at the bidding of the Royal taste. It is perhaps
+the most successful of all the contrivances hereabout to aid the natural
+enchantment of the scene. We believe the present Court are not so fervent
+in their attachment to this resort; its seclusion must, however, be a
+delightful relief to the costly cares of state, and the superb suites of
+Windsor Castle. A scene of wild nature, such as the annexed is intended to
+represent, is more acceptable to our sight than all the quarterings on the
+ceiling of St. George's Hall, though they resemble the pattern-cards of
+chivalry.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LACONICS, &c.
+
+
+Our natural disposition to evil is evident in this: that vice tracks out
+its own path and stands in need of no instructor; while it requires not
+only example but discipline to initiate us in virtue.
+
+We both read and hear bitter complaints about the uncertainty of human
+affairs; and yet it is that uncertainty alone that gives life its relish,
+for novelty is the real and radical cause of all our enjoyments.
+
+There is a great outcry against fools on the part of the knaves, but
+rather with some want of policy; for if there were no fools in the world
+cunning men would have but a bad trade of it.
+
+The faults of a fool are concealed from himself while they are evident to
+the world; on the other hand the faults of the wise man are well known to
+himself, while they are masked over and invisible to the world.
+
+It has been said that "there is a pleasure in being mad that none but
+madmen know;" but this only applies to that species of madness which is
+produced by an excess of imagination eventually overpowering the judgment.
+
+The insincerity of a friend has often inclined men to seek for a surer
+reliance upon money; these unexpected shocks make us disgusted with our
+species, and it is for this reason that old men who have seen so much of
+the world become at last avaricious.
+
+The only result an inquirer after truth can derive from metaphysics will
+be to find himself silenced for the present; they rarely convince, and for
+the most part mislead.
+
+All the discoveries made within the last century were ridiculed and
+treated with contempt by our forefathers; yet we are equally prejudiced
+and hostile to all those improvements proposed to us, which will in all
+probability be adopted by our children.
+
+All those animals who are associated with man become immediately
+participants in his misery: when once domesticated they become liable to
+disease, whereas in a wild state they could have perished only from age or
+accident.
+
+If we subtract from the twenty-four hours the time spent in eating,
+sleeping, exercise, and the other indispensable cares of our existence,
+what a fraction of time is employed on our intellectual faculties! Again,
+there are few who have the means to enable them to study; fewer the talent
+requisite; and still fewer the inclination, if they have the ability.
+
+The force of habit affects even our palates; we in time acquire a relish
+for what was once perfectly nauseous. The Greenlander detests turtle soup
+as much as we abominate train oil.
+
+Courage, or a contempt of danger, is a mere animal quality, and being only
+the result of a particular formation, is entitled to no merit, though it
+may demand our applause: but moral, or acquired courage, is a very
+different thing. A man who is fortunate in the world and has a sacrifice
+to make, if he conducts himself with spirit, is also more entitled to our
+admiration than a mere desperado.
+
+F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HAMET AND RASCHID.
+
+
+AN EASTERN TALE, VERSIFIED.[1]
+
+
+  The sultry sun had gain'd the middle sky,
+  Reigning above in cloudless majesty,
+  When deep engag'd in pray'r, two neighbouring swains
+  Knelt where the common bound divides their plains.
+  Hamet and Raschid;--whilst their flocks around
+  Panting with thirst, or dying, strew the ground,
+  With hands uplift they beg their god in pray'r,
+  Themselves to pity, and their flocks to spare.
+
+  Sudden the air grew calm, no zephyr stirr'd,
+  Through all the valley not a sound was heard,
+  That instant hush'd was all the vocal grove,
+  And sounds aerial warbled from above:
+  Around each shepherd cast his wond'ring eye,
+  And down the vale was seen advancing nigh,
+  A mighty Being, whom when near he stood,
+  They knew that Genius who distributes good;
+  The sheaves of plenty in his hand they see,
+  In that the avenging sword of misery.
+
+  As nearer still the mighty Being drew,
+  Trembling they stood, and knew not what to do;
+  When lo! the Genius breath'd these solemn strains,
+  Soft as the breeze that cools Saboea's plains:--
+  "Children of dust! approach, fly not your friend,
+  I leave the heavens above, my aid to lend;
+  Water you seek, and water I bestow,
+  But ere you ask, this useful lesson know:--
+  Whate'er the body for its use enjoys,
+  Excess no less than scarcity destroys;
+  Demand no more than what your wants require,
+  Let Hamet tell me first his heart's desire."
+
+  "O, Being, great, beneficent and kind,
+  Pardon the fear that overspreads my mind;
+  On me, great God, a little brook bestow,
+  That winter rains may never overflow,
+  And when the summer droughts commence their reign,
+  Stretch forth thy hand and let the brook remain."
+
+  "'Tis yours," with accents mild the Genius cried,
+  Streams, as he speaks, o'er all the meadows glide,
+  A fresher green the fragrant shrubs display,
+  And every leaf in trembling cheers the day;
+  Slaking their raging thirst, the flocks are seen,
+  And new-born herbage clothes the earth in green.
+  "This trifling wish befits a little soul,
+  Let the great Ganges o'er my meadows roll!"
+
+  Thus Raschid spoke, and thus the God replies,
+  Rage, as he spoke, rode sparkling in his eyes:--
+  "Insatiate man, this boundless wish recall
+  Ere ruin whelm yourself, your flocks and all;
+  See you these sheaves?--Now mark this dreadful sword,
+  Those are the wise man's--this the fool's reward."
+
+  In vain he spoke; and hark, what meets the ear,
+  The raging flood is now approaching near;
+  Onward it rolls, o'erwhelming Raschid's plains,
+  All things it sweeps, and not a tree remains,
+  His flocks, his herds, the mighty stream o'erpours,
+  Himself (rash man) a crocodile devours.
+
+
+    [1] See _Rambler_, No. 38.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A FRAGMENT.
+
+
+  On a fork of lightning which sped through heaven,
+    He rode to space's naught,
+  And with the flash of a star which his flight had riven,
+    (The which in his hand of light he caught)
+    He writ with that flash his burning thought,
+  On the roll of darkness space had given.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+USEFUL DOMESTIC HINTS.
+
+
+SHAVINGS.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Disposed as we are to give the Scotch full credit for superior domestic
+economy, a practice which we had frequently an opportunity of observing,
+some five or six years since in Edinburgh, astonished us, we confess, not
+a little; and which, had we heard of, not beheld, we should rather have
+been inclined to attribute to our thoughtless Hibernian neighbours.
+
+Every English housemaid knows, if every housekeeper does not, that
+shavings make a most valuable fuel; for lighting fires they are preferable
+to those faggots, small bundles of which fetch in London, and large
+provincial towns, what may be considered a high price, as they commonly
+swell the weekly expenditure of every family. In Edinburgh, at the period
+to which we allude, a great deal of building was going on, and it was
+impossible to walk the streets without passing, (especially in the
+immediate environs) new houses in various stages of completion; but
+invariably we found, that the custom of the workmen was, to collect in
+heaps the shavings from the carpenter's work, and burn with other rubbish,
+these, which might have been sold for fuel very advantageously; nor was
+the waste of this practice the only thing to be reprehended; it was
+dangerous, since such bonfires were lighted before the houses in the open
+streets, to the great peril of passengers, and at the risk of frightening
+horses and other cattle, as the high winds prevalent in our northern
+metropolis carried about in all directions the light, blazing shavings,
+and sparks.
+
+M.L.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FEATHERS.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Valuable as are feathers, and essential as is that article, a feather-bed,
+to the domestic comforts of the poor, who can rarely afford to purchase
+one, it has often struck us, as a singular want of thought and economy in
+humble cottagers residing on village-greens or commons, upon which much
+poultry is kept, that they should not collect, (a work easily performed by
+the youngest children) the numerous soft, short, downy feathers, which may
+be observed floating about. These in time would amount to a quantity worth
+consideration, but they are usually left, first to litter the land, and
+secondly to be destroyed by rain and passengers. This is particularly the
+case in Norfolk, celebrated as everybody knows as well for its geese as
+its turkeys, and where, it is asserted, that the former fowls undergo
+regular pluckings for the sake of their feathers, ere submitted to "the
+poulterer's knife." But experience, unfortunately, only confirms the old
+observation, that "the poor are the worst economists in the world," and
+the least obedient of any people to our Saviour's command: "Gather up the
+fragments, that nothing be lost."
+
+M.L.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+TO TAKE INK OUT OF PAPER, AND STAINS OUT OF CLOTH, SILKS, &C.
+
+
+Mix one teaspoonful of burnt alum, 1/4 oz. of salt of lemons, 1/4 oz. of
+oxalic acid, in a bottle, with half-a-pint of cold water; to be used by
+wetting a piece of calico with it, and rubbing it on the spots.
+
+S. AE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR; AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LADIES AND DWARFS.
+
+
+One of the oddest of all odd books that ever fell into our hands is
+Captain Colville Franckland's _Narrative of a Visit to the Courts of
+Russia and Sweden_, in 1830 and 1831. It is one of the hop-step-and-a-jump
+tours that your fashionable folks make for making acquaintances and then
+making books. The gallant author does not stay long enough in a place to
+be dull; for he is lively and flippant in every page, and throws a dash of
+_the service_ into every chapter. He feels that Dr. Granville has left him
+nothing to say which may not be found in his two great big books; yet the
+Cholera and the Polish war have supplied him with two topics throughout
+the whole book; and, dull as these subjects are in themselves, they have
+enabled our tourist to produce a rambling, rattling, frolicsome work of
+seven or eight hundred pages. His attentions to the softer sex sparkle
+every where. At Hamburgh, "we dined at a most excellent table d'hote, but
+thought the ladies plain and dowdy." "We laughed much at the Holsteiner
+peasantry, the women being dressed like devils, and men like
+merry-andrews." Again,--
+
+"One of the most pleasing characteristics of Hamburgh, is the neat little,
+rosy-faced, fair-haired soubrette, tripping along the Yungferstieg, with a
+basket under her right arm, covered with a handsome shawl of glowing
+colours. These enticing damsels look as happy and as coquettish as you can
+well imagine, and might induce many a traveller to pass a few weeks in
+Hamburgh who had time to dedicate to the pursuit of the fair nymphs of the
+Alster.
+
+"But, alas! no good is unaccompanied by evil; hideously deformed dwarfs
+haunt the streets and promenades of the good town, and the eye of the
+observer, after having rested with complacency on the round and
+well-turned form of the smart soubrette, reverts with horror to the
+miserable Flibbertigibbets which abound in a frightful proportion to the
+whole population."
+
+At Hamburgh he finds fun in every thing.
+
+"I was a good deal amused to-day by the funeral cortege of some citizen of
+consequence. The bier was surrounded by men dressed in the old Venetian
+costume of black, with ruffs, well-powdered wigs, and swords by their
+sides. I regret to say that I must quit Hamburgh without seeing the Schoene
+Marianna; but I hear she is now rather _passee_, and I must console myself
+for this mortification by gazing upon the first pair of bright eyes which
+I shall meet to-morrow on my route to Kiel."
+
+The Russian dwarfs afford our Captain much amusement.
+
+"Madame Divoff, like many other Russian ladies, has a dwarf in her house,
+who remains constantly with the company. He is less ugly and disagreeable
+than others of his species. La Princesse Serge Gallitzin has a little
+fellow of this sort; the Lisianskis have also one in constant attendance.
+The pretty Mademoiselle Rosetti, two evenings ago, kept caressing the
+dwarf at Madame Divoff's ball. ('Beauty and the Beast,' said I to her;
+'Zemir et Azor.')
+
+"At a very agreeable family party at the Prince Paul Gallitzin's were
+masks; and a party of male and female dwarfs; these droll little urchins
+were all very well made and good-looking; they frisked and frolicked about
+with the children of the house as if they themselves were not (as in
+reality they were) men and women, but children likewise. One of these poor
+little mortals, equipped as an officer of hussars, danced a mazurka with
+great grace and activity, and selected for his partner the _Gouvernante_,
+a fine, fat bouncing woman of twenty-five. He likewise, at my request,
+sang a Russian romance, which he accompanied on the piano-forte: his voice
+was a very plaintive, but weak barytone. The kindness of the Russian
+nobles to these unfortunate beings does infinite honour to the national
+character."
+
+We have only time for another extract or two. At Moscow, he notes:
+
+"I passed the remainder of the evening at the Princess Dolgorouki's; the
+young ladies were in great agitation on account of the sudden
+indisposition of their mother, Madame Boulgakow, who had, it seems, caught
+cold in her return from the monastery of Troitza, sixty wersts from hence,
+a renowned pilgrimage. She had better have stayed at home, for surely
+Moscow has sufficient churches in which bigots may pray as long as they
+please. When will superstition cease to usurp the place of true religion
+in the human mind? I did not pity the _old devotee_, but I felt for the
+young ladies, who seemed to be a good deal flurried and fluttered by this
+occurrence."
+
+At St. Petersburg:
+
+"June 8-20.--Weather hot and sultry. At two I walked to the Summer Gardens,
+which I found full of police-officers and soldiers. To-day there is a
+celebrated promenade, that in which the young fillies range themselves in
+two rows along the principal alley to be chosen by their future spouse.
+However, it was as yet too early for this exhibition, and there was nobody
+here except police-officers, the very sight of whom makes me sick; so off
+I set, and was caught near the Newski Prospekt in a tremendous
+thunder-storm, which forced me to take shelter, first under the arch of a
+_porte-cochere_, and secondly in the Casan Church, in which I discovered
+for the first time the baton of Marshal Davoust, stuck up in a glass-case
+against one of the piers supporting the dome of the Church. Underneath the
+baton, upon a gilded metal-plate, are two inscriptions, the one in Russ,
+the other in Latin, which state that the baton is that of Marshal Davoust,
+taken near Crasnoe, 5th Nov. 1812; so there can be no doubt of the fact."
+
+"I was a good deal amused with a bad painting over the simple unassuming
+tomb of the immortal Kutusoff, representing the Kremlin, the church of
+Ivan Blagennoi, and a procession of priests marching out of the former by
+the Holy Gate towards the latter. Kutusoff's tomb is shaded by banners
+taken from the Poles, the Prussians, and the French, having at the ends of
+their staffs, the eagles of the two former, and the horse of the latter."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LE JARDIN DES PLANTES.
+
+
+Mrs. Watts's charming Juvenile Annual, the _New Year's Gift_, furnishes
+the following admirable model of a descriptive letter from the French
+capital.
+
+"The day following the one on which we were at Versailles, we spent in
+visiting the Garden of Plants; this institution (if I may so call it) is a
+little on the same plan as our Zoological Garden, and is said to be quite
+unrivalled in the whole world. It contains curiosities of every age, and
+from every quarter of the globe. The gardens, which cover more than a
+hundred acres of ground, are filled with every plant that can be reared in
+France, either naturally or by artificial means, from the lordly palm to
+the humble potato.
+
+"One enclosure is filled with every specimen of shrub that is capable of
+being made to form a fence, from the prickly holly, of forty feet high, to
+the dwarf-box, scarcely an inch above the ground.
+
+"In another place, we see specimens of all the various modes of training
+fruit, and other kinds of trees, which the ingenuity of man has been able
+to accomplish--this is peculiarly interesting. Here, a tree is trained to
+resemble a large basin, another is made to look like a gigantic umbrella,
+and a third like a lady's fan.
+
+"In one enclosure are collected together all the various specimens of
+culinary vegetables that have usually been appropriated to the sustenance
+of mankind; these, you will readily believe, occupy no small space; and
+near them, are to be seen specimens of all the varieties of fruit trees of
+which France and its neighbouring kingdoms can boast.
+
+"In addition to all this, there are extensive green-houses and hot-houses,
+filled with many thousand of the choicest plants, attached to each of
+which is its scientific and its common name. Many of them were extremely
+curious; I tried to remember so many, that I find I confound one with
+another, and now I can scarcely recollect any, save the useful bread tree,
+the curious coffee plant, and the tempting sugar cane, all of which are to
+be seen here to great advantage.
+
+"Attached to this beautiful garden, is a splendid museum, containing all
+sorts of treasures connected with natural history. Here are to be seen
+more than two hundred varieties of monkeys only; of birds, there are
+myriads; and one or two species are shown, that are believed to be the
+only ones of the kind extant; these, of course, are not alive. Here are
+also collected hundreds of bird's nests, of all shapes, kinds and sizes,
+from one almost as large as a hand basin, to one about the size of a green
+gage plum: most of these contain eggs of such kinds of birds as those to
+whom the nests belonged; and indeed the ingenuity with which many of these
+little houses are constructed, surprised me more than any thing I ever
+before witnessed. The collection of butterflies too is most remarkable,
+from one the size of a plate, to those of the smallest size.
+
+"In the same building is also to be seen a most extensive assortment of
+minerals, spars, gems, ores, crystals, medals, etc. etc., which merely to
+enumerate singly, would more than fill a long letter. We next saw the
+Museum of Zoology: this contains reptiles and fish, innumerable, and of
+which I can only say, how wonderful are their varieties! I must not,
+however, forget to tell you that we saw a part of an elephant's tusk,
+which when complete is believed to have been at least eight feet in length.
+Only imagine what must have been the height of the possessor of such a
+pair of tusks! Here too we saw the skeleton of an enormous whale that was
+captured on the coast of France; and from the size of its jaw bones, I can
+readily believe the old story, that the tongue of the whale is as large as
+a feather bed.
+
+"But the whale's was not the only skeleton which we saw,--here were
+collected and strung together, the bones of men, women, children,
+quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, and fish to form perfect specimens.--All this
+was very remarkable: but I cannot say that I much admired them, though I
+was much struck by the sight of an Egyptian mummy, embalmed and unwrapped,
+and supposed to have been in its present state far more than a thousand
+years. We none of us very much enjoyed the sight of the dead specimens, we
+therefore gladly left them, in order to pay our respects to their living
+neighbours, whose houses were not very far off.
+
+"The Garden of Plants contains a very considerable number of wild animals,
+and who all appear to be living very much at their ease. Indeed they are
+surrounded with every thing that can be devised to render their captivity
+as little irksome as possible. They are confined it is true; not in narrow
+cages, but in wide enclosures; around them grow trees of their own country,
+and under their feet springs the herbage of which they are most fond. The
+Polar bear is indulged with a fountain of water, and when the camel is
+inclined for a nap he reposes on a bed of sand. Of the usefulness of this
+animal I must not omit to give you an instance, and that is, that so far
+from eating the bread of idleness, he actually more than earns his living
+by raising all the water that is used in these extensive grounds, and thus
+he may be regarded as a general benefactor to all the plants and animals
+by which he is surrounded. So much for the king's garden as it is
+sometimes called; to attend all its different branches no less than a
+hundred and sixty persons are constantly employed, and to keep it up
+nearly twelve thousand pounds is annually expended. This of course
+includes the expenses of travellers who are sent abroad by the French
+Government to collect new treasures to enrich this wonderful place, which
+may truly be called the museum of the world."
+
+By the way, if it be not too late, we recommend parents to peep into this
+pretty little volume for masters and misses. If "Black Monday" is past,
+the "Gift" will still be acceptable: it will make school-time pass as
+happily as a holiday.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANCIENT NAVY OF ENGLAND.
+
+(_To the Editor_.)
+
+
+Allow me to make a few observations in addition to those in a paper signed
+_G.K._ in No. 528 of _The Mirror_. Your correspondent commences with
+Julius Caesar, and passes over the period intervening between him and King
+Edgar; and from him till the time of King John. Now, prior to Caesar's
+invasion of this island, and during the wars between the Romans and Gauls,
+Caswallwn or Cassivelaunus, sent a numerous body of troops to assist the
+Armoricans, or natives of Brittany, against the Romans; Caesar himself,
+says, that his project of invading this country arose from the
+intelligence he received of the aid the Gauls derived from the Britons;
+therefore I consider that the mode, let it be what it would, deserved
+somewhat of the name of a fleet, if not in the modern sense of the word.
+Caesar says they had large, open vessels, with keels and masts made of
+wood, and the other parts covered with hides; and about the year 384,
+Cynan Meiriadog, a chieftain of North Wales, sailed to Armorica with a
+great body of followers, to support the cause of Maximus, an aspirant to
+the Roman throne.
+
+Berkeley, in his _Naval History_, p. 49, says, that at the time of the
+Saxon invasion, Gurthefyr or Vortimer, King of the Britons, with a fleet,
+opposed the Saxons under Hengist; and after an obstinate engagement, the
+Britons were victorious, notwithstanding the inferiority of their vessels
+to those of the Saxons, both in number and size.
+
+The Welsh, at the time of King Alfred, must have had some knowledge of
+nautical architecture and affairs, (according to Berkeley's _Naval
+History_, p. 69,) for the great Alfred discovering the necessity of
+establishing a naval force for the purpose of resisting the incursions of
+the Danes, prevailed on several natives of Wales to superintend its
+construction, and subsequently conferred on them some of the most
+distinguished posts in his fleet. And as a proof of the nautical spirit of
+the Welsh, we have the fact of Prince Madog, son of Owain Gwynedd, about
+the year 1170, going on a voyage in search of a new country, where he
+would be free from the dreadful dissensions which were ravaging his native
+country.
+
+_Caer Ludd_.
+
+CYMMRO.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ENGLISH PUNISHMENTS IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Impoysonments, so ordinarily in Italy, are so abominable amongst English,
+as 21 Henry VIII. it was made high treason, though since repealed; after
+which the punishment for it was to be put alive into a caldron of water,
+and then boiled to death; at present it is felony without benefit of
+clergy.
+
+If a criminal indicted of petit treason, or felony, refuseth to answer or
+to put himself upon a legal tryal, then for such standing mute and
+contumacy, he is presently to undergo that horrible punishment called
+_Peine forte et dure_; that is, to be sent back to the prison from whence
+he came, and there laid in some low, dark room, upon the bare ground, on
+his back, all naked, his arms and legs drawn with cords, fastened to the
+several corners of the room; then shall be laid upon his body, iron and
+stone, so much as he may bear, or more; the next day he shall have three
+morsels of barley bread without drink, and the third day shall have drink
+of the water next to the prison door, except it be running water, without
+bread; and this shall be his diet till he die. Which grievous kind of
+death some stout fellows have sometimes chosen, that so not being tryed
+and convicted of their crimes, their estates may not be forfeited to the
+king, but descend to their children, nor their blood stained.
+
+Perjury, by bearing false witness upon oath, is punished with the pillory,
+called _Callistrigium_, burnt in the forehead with a P, his trees growing
+upon his ground to be rooted up, and his goods confiscated.
+
+G.K.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PORTRAIT OF CHRIST.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+The following extract is from a manuscript in the possession of the family
+of Kelly, now in Lord Kelly's library, which was taken from the original
+letter of Publius Lentulus at Rome.
+
+It being the usual custom of the Roman governors to advertise the senate
+and people of Rome of such material things as happened in their provinces,
+in the days of the Emperor Tiberius Caesar, Publius Lentulus, President of
+Judaea, wrote the following epistle to the senate, respecting Our Saviour
+Jesus Christ.
+
+"There appeared in these our days, a man of great virtue, named Jesus
+Christ, who is yet living amongst us, and of the Gentiles he is accepted
+as a Prophet of Truth; but his disciples call him the Son of God. He
+raiseth the dead, and cureth all manner of diseases: a man of stature
+somewhat tall and comely, with very reverend countenance, such as
+beholders may both love and fear: his hair is of the colour of the
+chestnut, full ripe, plain to his ears, whence downward it is more orient,
+curling and waving about his shoulders; in the middle of his head is a
+seam or partition of his hair, after the manner of the Nazarites; his face
+without spot or wrinkles, beautified with a living red; his nose and mouth
+so formed as nothing can be represented; his beard thickish, in colour
+like his hair, not very long, but forked; his look innocent and mature;
+his eyes grey, clear, and quick. In reproving he is terrible; in
+admonishing, courteous and fair spoken--pleasant in conversation, mixed
+with gravity. It cannot be recollected that any have seen him laugh, but
+many have seen him weep. In proportion of body most excellent; his hands
+and arms most delectable to behold; in speaking, very temperate, modest,
+and wise. A man for his singular beauty far surpassing the children of
+men."
+
+VERITAS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BRIGHTON IN 1743.
+
+
+[Illustration: Brighton in 1743.]
+
+
+(Whoever has enjoyed the natural beauties or artificial luxuries of
+BRIGHTON--the _Daphne_ of our metropolis--will feel some curiosity
+respecting its origin and progress from an obscure fishing-town to such a
+focus of wealth and fashion as at this moment it presents. The celebrity
+of Brighton, we may observe, extends throughout the empire, and is almost
+as well known to the plodding and stay-at-home townsman of the north as to
+the luxurious idler ever and anon in quest of new pleasures. As the
+occasional abode of the Royal Family, its name has figured in the Court
+records of the last half century. Of late years, however, Brighton has
+assumed an extent and importance which may be referred to a spirit of
+speculative enterprise unparalleled in the fortunes of any other town in
+the United Kingdom. Not only has a palace, but squares of palatial
+mansions, terraces, crescents, and streets, nay, very towns of splendid
+houses, have sprung up with fairy-like rapidity; and Brighton has thus
+become, not merely a fashionable resort for the season, but a place of
+permanent residence for a very large proportion of wealthy individuals.
+Our present purpose is, however, to illustrate the past obscurity and not
+the present high palmy state of Brighton. Our own recollections would
+carry us back nearly a score of years, when the Pavilion or Marine Palace
+was a plain, neat, villa-like building, with verandas to command a
+prospect of the sea; and when the Steines scarcely merited the designation
+of enclosures: when a roomy yellow-washed mansion occupied the upper end
+of the old Steine, and was pointed to as once the house of Dr. Russell, to
+whom Brighton owes much of its early fame; its site being now occupied by
+a superb hotel: when Phoebe Hassell and Martha Gunn were the lionesses of
+the place--the one by land and the other by sea: and when not a carriage
+entered Brighton without the electioneering salute of half a score of blue
+gownswomen with cards of their crazy machines to give you a
+tenancy-at-will of the ocean. But, our quoted particulars of Brighton
+invest it with a much earlier interest than our brief memory can supply.
+They are historical as well as topographical, from the primitive records
+of the place, and are accompanied by a view of the town from the sea, as
+it appeared in the year 1743, or about 90 years since. For this and the
+interesting details which accompany it we are indebted to a History of
+Brighthelmston published by Dr. Anthony Rhelan towards the close of the
+last century, and lately edited and reprinted by Mr. Mitchell of Brighton,
+with the benevolent intention of aiding the funds of the Sussex County
+Infirmary, by the profits arising from the sale of the work. It requires
+an almost microscopic eye to distinguish the buildings in the Cut. The
+Royal standard on the fort, is, by an error of the artist,
+disproportionally large.) The town of Brighthelmston,[1] in the county of
+Sussex, is situated on the banks of the sea, at the bottom of a bay of the
+same name, formed to the east by Beachy-Head, and by Worthing point to the
+West.
+
+The bay is a bold and deep shore exposed to the open sea: from the banks
+or cliffs a clean gravel runs to the sea terminating in a hard sand, free
+from every mixture of ooze, and those offensive beds of mud, so frequently
+found at the mouths of rivers, and on many shores.
+
+The town is built on a rising hill with a south-east exposition; defended
+towards the north by hills, whose ascent is easy, and view pleasing;
+bounded on the west by a fruitful and extensive cornfield, descending
+gently from the Downs to the banks of the sea, and leading to Shoreham;
+and on the east by a most beautiful lawn called the Steine, which runs
+winding up into the country among hills, to the distance of some miles.
+
+The soil here, and over all the south Downs, is a chalk rock covered with
+earth of various kinds and depths in different places.
+
+The country round Brighthelmston is open and free from woods, and finely
+diversified with hills and valleys. Hence the advantage of exercise may be
+always enjoyed in fair weather: it is ever cool on the hills, and a
+shelter may be constantly found in the valleys from excess of wind.
+
+The hills are in some places steep, but everywhere covered with a green
+sward from the bottom to the top.[2] On the summit of these the prospect
+is extensive and varied; towards the sea there is an uninterrupted view
+from Beachy-head to the Isle of Wight; towards the land, or _weald_ side,
+the view, in the opinion of the great Mr. Ray, is no where to be equalled;
+and from this very prospect, compared with that of the Isle of Ely, he
+infers the wisdom of God in the construction of hills.
+
+The Downs here run parallel to the sea; the turf of them is remarkably
+fine; they are from six to ten miles broad: so that this delightful
+country cannot be deemed a confined one.
+
+The merit of the situation of this town has within these few years
+attracted a great resort of the principal gentry of this kingdom, and
+engaged them in a summer residence here. And there is reason to believe,
+that in the earliest times it was in the highest estimation. The altars of
+the Druids, the only surviving remains of the ancient Britons, are no
+where to be seen in greater number.[3] And although there are here no
+traces of temples, no images here existing, yet does not their want in any
+shape invalidate the supposition of this place's having been an original
+residence of theirs, as it seems to have been a received principle in all
+countries where Druidism prevailed, that the confining the Deity within
+walls, or the representing him in any human figure, were unworthy of his
+majesty, and unsuitable to his immensity. But the position of these altars,
+and the local circumstances answering so exactly to their customary choice
+of places, leave but little room to doubt of their having had a residence
+here.
+
+The attachment of our ancestors to this place may be further illustrated
+by our taking a view of the efforts they made to preserve it.
+
+Suetonius, relating the invasion of Britain by Vespasian, says, "Tricies
+cum hoste conflixit; duas validissimas gentes, superque xx oppida, et
+Insulam Vectem Britanniae proximam in deditionem redegit." Cap. iv. Now,
+that one of these nations inhabited the Downs of Sussex, seems probable
+from their vicinity to the Isle of Wight, and in some measure confirmed by
+the lines and intrenchments still subsisting between Brighthelmston and
+Lewes, where the principal scene of action must have been, and bearing
+every Roman mark.
+
+That there was a Roman station in this neighbourhood is admitted by the
+antiquarians, though its exact situation is not as yet ascertained. The
+Portus Aldurni, placed by the learned Selden at Aldrington, two miles to
+the west of Brighthelmston, is by the ingenious Tabor presumed to have
+been at East Bourne, eighteen miles to the east of it: yet there are many
+local and incidental circumstances belonging to this place, and which are
+wanting in those towns, that render a conjecture probable as to its having
+been a Roman station.
+
+The Praepositus of the Exploratores, whose office was to discover the
+state and motions of the enemy, and who was certainly in this part of
+Sussex, could be no where more advantageously placed than in the elevated
+situations of the strong camps at Hollingsbury and White-Hawke, commanding
+a most extensive view of the whole coast from Beachy-Head to the Isle of
+Wight. The form of this town is almost a perfect square; the streets are
+built at right angles to each other, and its situation is to the south
+east, the favourite one among the Romans. To these may be added, that an
+urn has been some time ago dug up in this neighbourhood, containing a
+thousand silver denarii marked from Antoninus Pius to Philip, during which
+tract of time Britain was probably a Roman province. And, lastly, the
+vestiges of a true Roman via running from Shoreham towards Lewes, at a
+small distance above this town have been lately discovered by an ingenious
+gentleman truly conversant in matters of this nature.
+
+The light sometimes obtained in these dark matters from a similitude of
+sounds in the ancient and modern names of places, is not to be had in
+assisting the present conjecture. Its ancient one, as far as I can learn,
+is no way discoverable; and its modern one may be owing either to this
+town's belonging formerly to, or being countenanced in a particular manner
+by a Bishop Brighthelm, who, during the Saxon government of the island,
+lived in this neighbourhood: or perhaps may be deduced from the ships of
+this town having their helms better ornamented than those of their
+neighbouring ones.
+
+It is true here are no hypocausts, Mosaic pavements, inscriptions, or any
+other delicate monuments of Roman antiquity,[4] that might corroborate in
+a stronger manner this supposition: these, if any such existed here, have
+been defaced by time, or destroyed by the undiscerning inhabitants of the
+place.
+
+During the Saxon aera, this town was almost the centre of the kingdom of
+the South Saxons; and consequently could not be the scene of much action.
+It submitted to the various revolutions which prevailed at different times,
+until the Norman conquest.
+
+The conqueror landed at Hastings forty miles distant to the east of this
+town; so that his troops never came near it. Yet, the fate of England
+being decided by the bloody engagement at Battel, this town, with many
+other large possessions in the county, was granted to William de Warren,
+who married the Conqueror's daughter: and he soon made it part of the
+endowment of that rich priory, which he founded at Lewes.
+
+This resigning of the town into the hands of monks was a fatal stroke to
+its ancient greatness. Too attentive to their own immediate interest, and
+too regardless of that of their vassals, as soon as they were in
+possession of it, they laboured, and with success, to obtain an exemption
+for it from supplying the king with ships, or affording him such other
+succour, as a large and powerful maritime town ought to have done, on the
+pretence of its being part of a religious estate.
+
+(_To be concluded in our next_.)
+
+
+    [1] It appears to have been called Brighton in a terrier of lands,
+        dated in 1660.
+
+    [2] In the years 1800 and 1801, when wheat was at an unprecedented
+        price, the occupiers of farms on the South Downs converted much
+        of their downland into tillage, from which they acquired abundant
+        crops of corn. The green sward when once ploughed, can never be
+        restored to its former verdure, and although grass seeds have
+        been yearly sown in succession for more than 80 years upon down
+        formerly broken up and converted into arable land, the
+        distinctions between these parts and the original down is still
+        clearly perceptible.
+
+    [3] See the remains of a Druidical altar at Goldstone (Gor or Thor
+        stone) bottom, about a mile to the north-west of the town.
+
+    [4] A Mosaic pavement has been discovered at Lancing, within nine
+        miles west of the town.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+FINE ARTS
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LARGE PAINTED WINDOW OF THE CRUCIFIXION.
+
+
+Mr. Wilmshurst has nearly completed a fine copy, on glass, of Mr. Hilton's
+celebrated picture of the Crucifixion. It consists of 118 squares, 15 by
+21 inches each, fitted into copper frames, in a large centre and two sides;
+in all 19 feet high, and 15 feet wide, intended for a Venetian window-case
+in St. George's Church, Liverpool. The original picture was painted for
+this purpose, by commission from the Corporation, in the year 1826, for
+which the artist received 1,000 guineas. Perhaps in all the productions of
+British art there is not a more appropriate subject for the embellishment
+of a church, than Hilton's representation of this sublime event. The
+countenance and figure of the crucified Saviour are admirably drawn: his
+placid resignation is finely contrasted with the muscular figures of the
+two thieves struggling in the last agonies of torture: the spike-nails and
+blood-drops of the hands and feet, and the title on the cross are closely
+preserved. The group of women at the foot of the cross, the lifeless form,
+drooping hand, anxious eye, and gushing tear, the terrified and afflicted
+populace, and the unperturbed devotional gaze of a few by-standers are too
+among the masterly beauties of this composition. The lights are well kept,
+and the entire effect of the Window is that of awe-inspiring grandeur.
+
+It is somewhat curious, that on the evening Mr. Wilmshurst put together
+his Liverpool Window, his larger Window of the Field of Cloth of Gold, was
+totally destroyed by fire, and by the next morning all its glories were
+melted (or vitrified) into tears.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE TWA BURDIES.
+
+BY THE ETTRICK SHEPHERD.
+
+
+  When the winter day had past an' gane,
+  Twa wee burdies came into our hearth stane;
+  An' they lookit a'round them wi' little din,
+  As if they had living souls within.
+
+  "O, bonny burdies, come tell to me
+  If ye are twa burdies o' this countrye?
+  An' where ye were gaun when ye tint your gate,
+  A-winging the winter shower sae late?"
+
+  "We are cauld, we are cauld--ye maun let us bide,
+  For our father's gane, an' our mother's a bride:
+  But in her bride's bed though she be,
+  We would rather cour on the earth wi' thee!"
+
+  "O, bonny burdies, my heart is sair
+  To see twa motherless broods sae fair.
+  But flee away, burdies! flee away!
+  For I darenae bide wi' you till day."
+
+  "Ye maun let us bide till our feathers dry,
+  For the time of our trial's drawing nigh.
+  A voice will call at the hour eleven,
+  An' a naked sword appear in heaven!
+
+  "There's an offering to make, but not by men,
+  On altar as white as the snow of the glen--
+  There's a choice to be made, and a vow to pay,
+  And blood to spill ere the break of day."
+
+  "O, tell me, beings of marvellous birth,
+  If ye are twa creatures of heaven or earth?
+  For ye look an' ye speak, I watnae how--
+  But I'm fear'd, I'm fear'd, little burdies for you!"
+
+  "Ye needna be fear'd, for it's no our part
+  To injure the kind and the humble heart;
+  And those whose trust is in heaven high,
+  The Angel of God will aye be nigh.
+
+  We were twa sisters bred in a bower,
+  As gay as the lark an' as fair as the flower;
+  But few of the ills of this world we proved,
+  Till we were slain by the hands we loved.
+
+  Our bodies into the brake were flung,
+  To feed the hawks and the ravens young;
+  And there our little bones reclined,
+  And white they bleach'd in the winter wind.
+
+  Our youngest sister found them there,
+  And wiped them clean wi' her yellow hair;
+  And every day she sits and grieves,
+  And covers them o'er wi' the wabron leaves.
+
+  Then our twin souls they sought the sky,
+  And were welcome guests in the heavens high;
+  And we gat our choice through all the spheres
+  What lives to lead for a thousand years.
+
+  Then humble, old matron, lend us thine aid,
+  For this night the choice is to be made;
+  And we have sought thy lowly hearth
+  For the last advice thou giv'st on earth.
+
+  Say, shall we skim o'er this earth below,
+  Beholding its scenes of joy and woe;
+  And try to reward the virtuous heart,
+  And make the unjust and the sinner smart?
+
+  Or shall we choose the star of love,
+  In a holy twilight still to move;
+  Or fly to frolic, light and boon,
+  On the silver mountains of the moon?
+
+  O, tell us, for we hae nane beside!
+  Our daddy's gane, and our mammy's a bride.
+  She is blitliely laid in her bridal sheet,
+  But a spirit stands at her bed feet.
+
+  Ay, though she be laid in her bridal bed,
+  There is guiltless blood upon her head;
+  And on her soul the hue of a crime,
+  That will never wash out till the end of time.
+
+  Advise, advise! dear matron, advise!
+  For you are humble, devout, and wise.
+  We ask a last advice from you--
+  Our hour is come--what shall we do?"
+
+  "O, wondrous creatures, ye maun allow
+  I naething can ken of beings like you;
+  But ere the voice calls at eleven,
+  Go ask your Father who is in heaven."
+
+  Away, away, the burdies flew
+  Aye singing, "Adieu, kind heart, adieu!
+  They that hae blood on their hands may rue
+  Afore the day-beam kiss the dew.
+
+  There's naught sae heinous in human life
+  As taking a helpless baby's life;
+  There's naething sae kind aneath the sky
+  As cheering the heart that soon maun die."
+
+  The morning came wi' drift an' snaw,
+  And with it news frae the bridal-ha',
+  That death had been busy, and blood was spilt,
+  May Heaven preserve us all from guilt!
+
+  They tell of a deed--Believe't who can?
+  Such tale was never told by man;
+  The bridegroom is gone in fire and flood,
+  And the bridal-bed is steep'd with blood!
+
+  The poor auld matron died ere day,
+  And was found as life was passing away;
+  And twa bonny burdies sang in the bed,
+  The one at the feet, the other the head.
+
+  Now I have heard tales, and told them too,
+  Hut this is beyond what I could do;
+  And far hae I ridden, and far hae I gane,
+  But burdies like these I never saw nane.
+
+_Fraser's Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ELLISTON AND THE ASS' HEAD.
+
+
+Elliston was, in his day, the Napoleon of Drury-lane, but, like the
+conqueror at Austerlitz, he suffered his declensions, and the Surrey
+became to him a St. Helena. However, once an eagle always an eagle; and
+Robert William was no less aquiline in the day of adversity than in his
+palmy time of patent prosperity. He was born to carry things with a high
+hand, and he but fulfilled his destiny. The anecdote which we are about to
+relate, is one of the ten thousand instances of his lordly bearing. When,
+the season before last, "no effects" was written over the treasury-door of
+Covent-garden theatre, it will be remembered that several actors proffered
+their services _gratis_, in aid of the then humble, but now arrogant and
+persecuting establishment. Among these patriots was Mr. T.P. Cooke--(it
+was just after his promotion to the honorary rank of Admiral of the Blue).
+The Covent-garden managers jumped at the offer of the actor, who was in
+due time announced as having, in the true play-bill style, "most
+generously volunteered his services for six nights!" Cooke was advertised
+for _William_; Elliston having "most generously lent [N.B. this was _not_
+put in the bill] his musical score of _Black-Eyed Susan_, together with
+the identical captains' coats, worn at a hundred-and-fifty court-martials
+at the Surrey Theatre!" Cooke--the score--the coats, were all accepted,
+and made the most of by the now prosecuting managers of Covent-garden, who
+cleared out of the said Cooke, score, and coats, one thousand pounds at
+half-price on the first six nights of their exhibition. This is a fact;
+nay, we have lately heard it stated that all the sum was specially banked,
+to be used in a future war against the minors. Cooke was then engaged for
+twelve more nights, at ten pounds per night--a hackney-coach bringing him
+each night, hot from the Surrey stage, where he had previously made
+bargemen weep, and thrown nursery-maids into convulsions. Well, time drove
+on, and Cooke drove into the country. Elliston, who was always classical,
+having a due veneration for that divine "creature," Shakspeare, announced,
+on the anniversary of the poet's birth-day, a representation of the
+Stratford Jubilee. The wardrobe was ransacked, the property-man was on the
+alert; and, after much preparation, every thing was in readiness for the
+imposing spectacle.--No! There was one thing forgotten--one important
+"property!" _Bottom_ must be a "feature" in the procession, and there was
+no ass's head! it would not do for the acting manager to apologize for the
+absence of the head--no, _he_ could not have the face to do it. A head
+must be procured! Every one was in doubt and trepidation, when hope
+sounded in the clarion-like voice of Robert William. "Ben!" exclaimed
+Elliston, "take pen, ink, and paper, and write as follows!" Ben (Mr.
+Benjamin Fairbrother, the late manager's most trusty secretary) sat, "all
+ear" and Elliston, with finger on nether lip, proceeded.--
+
+"My dear Charles,
+
+I am about to represent, 'with entirely new dresses, scenery, and
+decorations,' the Stratford Jubilee, in honour of the sweet swan of Avon.
+My scene-painter is the finest artist (except your Grieve) in Europe--my
+tailor is no less a genius, and I lately raised the salary of my
+property-man. This will give you some idea of the capabilities of the
+Surrey Theatre. However, in the hurry of "getting up," we have forgotten
+one property--every thing is well with us but our _Bottom_, and he wants a
+head. As it is too late to manufacture, not but that my property-man is
+the cleverest in the world (except the property-man of Covent-garden), can
+_you_, lend me an ass's head, and believe me, my dear Charles,
+
+Yours ever truly,
+
+ROBERT WILLIAM ELLISTON."
+
+"P.S. I had forgotten to acknowledge the return of the _Black-Eyed Susan_
+score, and coats. You were most welcome to them."
+
+The letter was dispatched to Covent-garden Theatre, and in a brief time
+the bearer returned with the following answer:--
+
+"MY DEAR ROBERT,
+
+It is with the most acute pain that I am compelled to refuse your
+trifling request. You are aware, my dear Sir, of the unfortunate situation
+of Covent-garden Theatre; it being at the present moment, with all the
+'dresses, scenery, and decorations,' in the Court of Chancery, I cannot
+exercise that power which my friendship would dictate. I have spoken to
+Bartley, and he agrees with me (indeed, he always does), that I cannot
+lend you an ass's head--he is an authority on such a subject--without
+risking a reprimand from the Lord High Chancellor. Trusting to your
+generosity, and to your liberal construction of my refusal--and hoping
+that it will in no way interrupt that mutually cordial friendship that has
+ever subsisted between us.
+
+Believe me, ever yours,
+
+CHARLES KEMBLE."
+
+"P.S. When I next see you advertised for _Rover_, I intend to leave myself
+out of the bill to come and see it."
+
+Of course this letter did not remain long unanswered. Ben was again in
+requisition, and the following was the result of his labours:--
+
+"DEAR CHARLES,
+
+I regret the situation of Covent-garden Theatre--I also, for your sake,
+deeply regret that the law does not permit you to send me the 'property'
+in question. I knew that law alone could prevent you; for were it not for
+the vigilance of Equity, such is my opinion of the management of
+Covent-garden, that I am convinced, if left to the dictates of its own
+judgment, it would be enabled to spare asses' heads, not to the Surrey
+atone, but to every theatre in Christendom.
+
+Yours ever truly,
+
+ROBERT WILLIAM ELLISTON."
+
+"P.S. My wardrobe-keeper informs me that there are no less than seven
+buttons missing from the captains' coats. However, I have ordered their
+places to be instantaneously filled by others."
+
+We entreat our readers not to receive the above as a squib of invention.
+We will not pledge ourselves that the letters are _verbatim_ from the
+originals; but the loan of the Surrey music and coats to Covent-garden,
+with the refusal of Covent-garden's ass's head to the Surrey, is "true as
+holy writ."
+
+_Monthly Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+
+THE BOOK OF INSTRUCTION.
+
+
+This is styled by the publisher "The Child's _Annual;_" we do not think
+reasonably so, since instruction is suited for all times. It is a
+tolerably thick volume, and contains the _Easies_ of Grammar, Geography,
+Arithmetic, Natural History, Punctuation, History, Poetry, Music, and
+Dancing; with outlines of Agriculture, Anatomy, Architecture, Astronomy,
+Botany, and other branches of science and knowledge--a Chronology and
+description of the London public buildings. The contents, to be sure, are
+multifarious; but the book is we think made of a series of books to be
+purchased separately. Every page has a coloured cut of a very gay order.
+Cottages have yellow roofs and pink doors; and shopkeepers are dressed in
+crimson and orange. Some of the grammatical illustrations are droll: a
+heavy old fellow, cross-legged, with his hands folded on a stick is
+_myself_; Punch is an _active verb_; a wedding might have illustrated the
+conjunction; four in hand is a preposition. In punctuation, a child asking
+what o'clock it is, illustrates a note of interrogation. We could have
+supplied the editor with the Colon: a little girl who had much difficulty
+in understanding its use, one day complained that a pain in her stomach
+was as bad as a colon. The pictures in Geography are not so good as they
+might have been; and it would have been easy to give correct outlines of
+animals, since others mislead children. Music made easy is better, as are
+Steps to Dancing. The Chronology is faulty and ill-adapted for children:
+what do the little dears want to know of the sale of Cobbett's Register,
+or Mr. Fletcher and Miss Dick. There are certain things which children
+should know, and others which they should not hear of. Show them as many
+of the virtues of mankind as you please: prepare the soil well, and there
+will be less chance of vicious weeds. Altogether this book merits
+recommendation. It is nicely bound, as the Guinea Annual folks say, partly
+in _Arabesque._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHEAP MEDICINE.
+
+
+A publisher who pays much regard to usefulness and economy in reprints has
+put forth _Buchan's Domestic Medicine_ for something less than a crown,
+with a supplementary "Cholera Morbus, its history, symptoms, mode of
+treatment, antidotes,&c." By the way, we have often thought Buchan's book
+like the Dead Sea: you cannot fall into the latter without some of its
+water incrusting on you, and you cannot read Buchan without feeling an
+ache. Its popularity is founded upon the hackneyed adage "the knowledge of
+a disease is half its cure." People will pore over its sea of calamities
+till they almost fall into the fire, or get scalded with the water from a
+kettle, and then turn to the Index, Scalds, page 326: perhaps this is a
+good plan to test the practical value of a book, as the surgeon scalded
+two fingers and plunged one into turpentine and the other into spirits of
+wine to test their respective services in case of a scald.
+
+Here too we may notice a cheap _Companion to the Family Medicine Chest,_
+with an alphabetical arrangement of Medicines, their properties, and plain
+rules for taking them; with the Cholera, of course, as a rider, and
+cautions respecting suspended animation and poisons. The little
+shillingsworth is in its fifteenth edition, so that many thousand persons
+must have taken many million doses by its prescription, and in some cases
+become their own medicine chests, with this book as their companion.
+
+     *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HERBERT'S COUNTRY PARSON, &c.
+
+
+Readers who delight to slake their thirst for knowledge from the deep and
+pure wells of our olden literature will rejoice to hear of a cheap and
+elegant reprint of this beautiful little book. Perchance some book-buyer
+need be told that the above is a book to live by--an invaluable legacy of
+a parish priest to his brethren and the world. The author George Herbert,
+was born in 1593, near Montgomery, in the castle that had been
+successively happy in the Herberts, as Isaak Walton observes, "a family
+that hath been blest with men of remarkable wisdom." Herbert was educated
+at Cambridge, where he obtained the friendship of "the great secretary of
+nature and all learning, Sir Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam," who consulted
+Herbert "before he would expose any of his books to be printed, and
+dedicated a version of the Psalms to him as the best judge of divine
+poetry." Herbert was patronized by James I. who, for an elegant Latin
+oration, gave him a sinecure of 120_l_. a-year, for in those days the only
+Royal Society of Literature was in the palace; it is now among subjects,
+and too little in the Court. Upon the death of James, Herbert's Court
+hopes died also, and he betook himself to a retreat from London. In this
+retirement, "he had many conflicts with himself, whether he should return
+to the painted pleasures of court life or betake himself to the study of
+divinity, and enter into sacred orders." He chose the latter. He married
+well. In 1630 he was inducted into the parsonage of Bemerton, a mile from
+Salisbury; the third day after which, he said to his wife, "You are now a
+minister's wife, and must now so far forget your father's house, as not to
+claim a precedence of any one of your parishioners; for you are to know
+that a priest's wife can challenge no precedence or place, but that which
+she purchases by her obliging humility; and I am sure, places so purchased
+do best become them. And let me tell you, that I am so good a herald, as
+to assure you that this is truth." These rules his meek wife observed with
+cheerful willingness. Herbert now set about his "Priest to the Temple: or
+the Country Parson, his character, and rule of Holy Life." Unlike many
+doctrinists, he practised his own rules: he was a self-example of his own
+precepts, and his book was the rule of his own life; or, as Walton more
+beautifully explains it "his behaviour towards God and man may be said to
+be a practical comment on the holy rules set down in that useful book."
+Thus, he sets forth the Diversities of a Pastor's life: the Parson's life,
+knowledge, praying, preaching, Sundays, house, courtesy, charity, church,
+comfort, eye, mirth, &c.; his prayers before and after Sermon, with a few
+poetical pieces of quaint but touching sweetness. His poetry has been
+censured for its point and antithesis; but he cultivated the poetical art
+to convey moral and devotional sentiments; others excel him in smoothness
+of versification, but not in benevolent purpose. Herbert though himself a
+pattern of humility, was younger brother of the celebrated Lord Herbert of
+Cherbury, whom Horace Walpole abuses for his beauty and gallant bearing,
+tinctured it must be allowed, with affected notions of high birth. But the
+gay philosopher of Cherbury lived in the last days of chivalry, and had
+their light but gleamed upon Walpole, he would, in all probability, have
+borne the very qualities which he so loudly censures in Herbert. The
+pastor Herbert's wife was nearly related to Lord Danby, so that the
+caution which we have quoted was perhaps requisite. As Herbert sank his
+own high birth, it was but fit that his wife should forget hers also.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE NEW BATH GUIDE.
+
+
+What a change from grave to gay--from the moral antitheses of Herbert's
+_Country Parson_ to the fun and folly of Anstey's New Bath Guide, with
+etchings by George Cruikshank, and cuts admirably designed and engraved by
+S. Williams--as Mr. Simkin dressing for the ball:
+
+  But what with my Nivernois hat can compare,
+  Bag-wig and laced ruffles, and black solitaire,
+  And what can a man of true fashion denote,
+  Like an ell of good riband tyed under the throat.
+
+and "We three blunder-heads," two frizzled physicians of the last century,
+and the invariably accompanying cane, or Esculapian wand. This edition is
+by Mr. Britton, who has prefixed a dedication and an essay on the genius
+of Anstey, both of which sparkle with humour and lively anecdote; and an
+amusing sketch of Bath as it is. Among the anecdotical notes to the Poem
+it is stated that Dodsley acknowledged about ten years after he had
+purchased the "Bath Guide," that the profits from its sale were greater
+than on any other book he had published. He generously gave up the
+copyright to the author in 1777, who had 200_l_. for the copyright after
+the second edition. Yet Dodsley, with all his liberality lived to be rich,
+though he originally was footman to the Hon. Mrs. Lowther; so true is it
+that genius and perseverance will find their way upwards from any station.
+
+There is a pleasant anecdote of the late John Palmer, who, it will be
+remembered, was somewhat stiltish. "Palmer, whose father was a
+bill-sticker, and who had occasionally practised in the same humble
+occupation himself, strutting one evening in the green-room at Drury-Lane
+Theatre, in a pair of glittering buckles, a gentleman present remarked
+that they greatly resembled diamonds. 'Sir,' said Palmer, with warmth, 'I
+would have you to know, that I never wear anything but diamonds.' 'Jack,
+your pardon,' replied the gentleman, 'I remember the time when you wore
+nothing but _paste!_' This produced a loud laugh, which was heightened by
+Parsons jogging him on the elbow, and drily saying, 'Jack, why don't you
+_stick him against the wall?_'"
+
+Another. Mr. Quin, upon his first going to Bath, found he was charged most
+exorbitantly for every thing; and, at the end of a week, complained to
+Nash, who had invited him thither, as the cheapest place in England for a
+man of taste and a _bon vivant_. The master of the ceremonies, who knew
+that Quin relished a pun, replied, "They have acted by you on truly
+Christian principles." "How so?" says Quin. "Why," answered Nash, "you
+were a _stranger_, and they _took you in_." "Ay" rejoined Quin; "but they
+have fleeced me, instead of clothed me."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE OUTLINE OF ENGLISH HISTORY,
+
+
+Is a well-executed compendium for schools, and will be amusing by any
+fire-side. It not merely contains the great names, but abounds with
+curious notes on domestic life in each reign, with facts and calculations
+which must have cost the editor, Mr. Ince, many days labour. The period
+pompously termed "the Georgian Aera" is not so copious us the editor
+wishes, but a little more forethought on his part or that of the printer
+would better satisfy himself and the public.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SNATCHES
+
+_From Mr. Bulwer's Novel of "Eugene Aram,"_ vol. i.
+
+
+_Love of Nature_.--It has been observed and there is a world of homely, ay,
+of legislative knowledge in the observation, that wherever you see a
+flower in a cottage-garden, or a bird at the window, you may feel sure
+that the cottagers are better and wiser than their neighbours.
+
+_Humour_.--Where but in farces is the phraseology of the humorist always
+the same?
+
+_Conversation Tactics_.--A quick, short, abrupt turn, that retrenching all
+superfluities of pronoun and conjunction, and marching at once upon the
+meaning of the sentence, had in it a military and Spartan significance,
+which betrayed how difficult it often is for a man to forget that he had
+been a corporal.
+
+_Music of Water_.--You saw hard by the rivulet darkening and stealing away,
+till your sight, though not your ear, lost it among the woodland.
+
+_A fine Fellow_--He had strong principles as well as warm feelings, and a
+fine and resolute sense of honour utterly impervious to attack. It was
+impossible to be in his company an hour, and not see that he was a man to
+be respected. It was equally impossible to live with him a week, and not
+see that he was a man to be beloved.
+
+_Marriage_.--The greatest happiness which the world is capable of
+bestowing--the society and love of one in whom we could wish for no change,
+and beyond whom we have no desire.
+
+_Fatality_.--What evil cannot corrupt, Fate seldom spares.
+
+_Widowhood_.--If the blow did not crush, at least it changed him.
+
+_Comfort of Children_.--As his nephew and his motherless daughters grew up,
+they gave an object to his seclusion, and a relief to his reflections. He
+found a pure and unfailing delight in watching the growth of their young
+minds, and guiding their differing dispositions; and, as time at length
+enabled them to return his affection, and appreciate his cares, he became
+once more sensible that he had a home.
+
+_Intellectual Beauty_.--Her eyes of a deep blue, wore a thoughtful and
+serene expression, and her forehead, higher and broader than it usually is
+in women, gave promise of a certain nobleness of intellect, and added
+dignity, but a feminine dignity, to the more tender characteristics of her
+beauty.
+
+_A Village Beauty_.--The sunlight of a happy and innocent heart sparkled
+on her face, and gave a beam it gladdened you to behold, to her quick
+hazel eye, and a smile that broke out from a thousand dimples.
+
+_An unformed mind_.--Cheerful to outward seeming, but restless, fond of
+change, and subject to the melancholy and pining mood common to young and
+ardent minds.
+
+_Dependence_.--What in the world makes a man of just pride appear so
+unamiable as the sense of dependence.
+
+_Two modes of sitting in a chair_.--The one short, dry, fragile, and
+betraying a love of ease in his unbuttoned vest, and a certain lolling,
+see-sawing method of balancing his body upon his chair; the other, erect
+and solemn, and as steady on his seat as if he were nailed to it.
+
+_A Soldier's simile_.--Your shy dog is always a deep one: give me a man
+who looks me in the face as he would a cannon.
+
+_A Landlord's Independence_.--The indifference of a man well to do, and
+not ambitious of half-pence. "There's my wife by the door, friend; go,
+tell her what you want."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER
+
+
+_The Opera_. From the number of French and German operas announced for
+performance at the King's Theatre, it should no longer be called the
+_Italian_ Opera, but the _Foreign Opera_.
+
+_Tooth Ache_.--Powdered alum not only relieves this annoyance, but
+prevents the decay of the tooth.
+
+_Egypt_.--The French are just at this moment crazy for Egyptian
+antiquities. "While Champollion (_on dit_)is about to unrol the mystic
+papyri in all their primitive significance, the celebrated Caillaud has
+preceded him with the First Numbers of a work on the Arts and Trades of
+the Egyptians, Nubians, and Ethiopians; their customs, civil, and domestic,
+with the manners and customs of the modern inhabitants of these countries."
+--_For. Quart. Rev._
+
+_Anne Boleyn_.--M. Crapelet, the celebrated Parisian printer, has just
+written and printed a beautiful little volume entitled _Anne Boleyn_,
+which is spoken of as "a careful and pains-taking attempt to exhibit a
+character hitherto strangely disfigured by party writers, in its true
+light."
+
+_Root of the Devil_.--There is a strange root called the Devil's Bit
+Scabious, of which quaint old Gerard observes: "The great part of the root
+seemeth to be bitten away: old fantasticke charmers report that the devil
+did bite it for envie, because it is an herbe that hath so many good
+virtues, and is so beneficial to mankinde." Sir James Smith as quaintly
+observes, "the malice of the devil has unhappily been so successful, that
+no virtue can now be found in the remainder of the root or herb."--
+_Knowledge for the People._ Part xiv.
+
+_Onions_.--The British onion is of the worst description, those of Egypt
+and India being considered great delicacies. Their strong, disagreeable
+odour is attributable to the sulphur which they contain, and which is
+deposited by their juice, when exposed to heat.--_Ibid_.
+
+_Spanish Liquorice_ is so called from its being manufactured only in
+_Spain_ and Sicily. The root grows naturally in those countries and in
+Languedoc, and in such abundance in some parts of Sicily, that it is
+considered the greatest scourge to the cultivator.--_Ibid_. (Our brewers
+and distillers would not be of this opinion were liquorice indigenous to
+this country.)
+
+_Heat in Plants_.--Lamarck tells us of a plant, which during a few hours
+of its growth, is "so hot as to seem burning." Its greatest heat is stated
+at nearly 45 degrees above the temperature of the air in which the plant
+was growing.
+
+_Iceland_ is perhaps the most deplorable spot on the world's map. "Not
+very long ago it counted at least 100,000 inhabitants. Depopulated by time,
+which has more than once introduced frightful pestilence, there are now
+not half that number. Their occupation is that of shepherds and fishermen,
+for the bitterness of the climate makes all agricultural labours vain or
+unproductive. They are scattered over the wide wastes of the country, far
+distant, in huts and farms, and it was only in 1787 that any portion of
+the population was gathered into towns, if towns may be called the two
+spots where a few families have their abode together."--_For. Quart. Rev._
+
+_Tobacco and Snuff_.--Tobacco is a narcotic and depressing poison, whose
+effect on the nerves and stomach is to destroy the appetite, prevent the
+perfect digestion of the food, create an unnatural thirst, and render the
+individual who uses it nervous and otherwise infirm. Snuff destroys the
+sense of smell, and causes a very disagreeable alteration in the voice. It
+also produces head-ache in the course of time; and by the distillation of
+its juice which falls from the posterior nostrils into the stomach during
+sleep, gives rise to weak and painful digestion.--_Dr. Granville_.
+
+_Early Rising_.--From March to November, at least, no cause, save sickness,
+or one of equal weight, should retain us in bed a moment after the sun has
+risen.--_Dr. Granville_. (What say the lazy Londoners to this? In Paris,
+shops are opened and set out for the day before six o'clock in the
+mornings of spring, summer, and great part of autumn.)
+
+_Food_.--Many articles of consumption, introduced in the reign of Henry
+VIII, the following distich embraces a few:--
+
+  Turkey, carp, hops, pricard, and beer.
+  Came into England all in one year. (1525.)
+
+_Ince's Outline of English History._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset House,)
+London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; G.G. BENNIS,
+55, Rue Neuve, St. Augustin, Paris; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
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+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
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