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diff --git a/11540-h/11540-h.htm b/11540-h/11540-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..42ce3bd --- /dev/null +++ b/11540-h/11540-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1805 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" + content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> + + <title>The Mirror of Literature, Issue 536.</title> + <style type="text/css"> + /*<![CDATA[*/ + + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.short {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.short {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + + .note, .footnote + {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + + span.pagenum + {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt;} + + .poem + {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 1em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 3em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i10 {margin-left: 5em;} + + .figure + {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin: auto;} + .figure img + {border: none;} + .figure p + + .side { float:right; + font-size: 75%; + width: 25%; + padding-left:10px; + border-left: dashed thin; + margin-left: 10px; + text-align: left; + text-indent: 0; + font-weight: bold; + font-style: italic;} + --> + /*]]>*/ + </style> +</head> + +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11540 ***</div> + + <hr class="full" /> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page129" + id="page129"></a>[pg 129]</span> + <h1>THE MIRROR<br /> + OF<br /> + LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1> + <hr class="full" /> + + <table width="100%" + summary="Volume, Number, and Date"> + <tr> + <td align="left"><b>VOL. XIX. NO. 536.</b></td> + + <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, MARCH 3, 1832.</b></td> + + <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr class="full" /> + + <div class="figcenter" + style="width:100%;"> + <h3><a href="images/536-1.png"><img width="100%" + src="images/536-1.png" + alt="Entrance to the Botanic Garden, Manchester." /></a> ENTRANCE TO THE BOTANIC GARDEN, + MANCHESTER.</h3> + </div> + <hr class="full" /> + + + <p>Manchester is distinguished among the large towns of the + kingdom for its majority of enlightened individuals. "The whole + population," it has been pertinently observed by a native, + "seems to be imbued with a general thirst for knowledge and + improvement." Even amidst the hum of its hundreds of thousand + spindles, and its busy haunts of industry, the people have + learned to cultivate the pleasures of natural and experimental + science, and the delights of literature. The Philosophical + Society of Manchester is universally known by its excellent + published Memoirs: it has its Royal Institution; its + Philological Society, and public libraries; so that incentives + to this improvement have grown with its growth. Among these is + the Botanical and Horticultural Society, formed in the autumn + of 1827, whose primary object was "a Garden for Manchester and + its neighbourhood." Previously to its establishment, Manchester + had a Floral Society, with six hundred subscribers, which was a + gratifying evidence of public taste, as well as encouragement + for the Garden design.</p> + + <p>We find the promised advantages of the plan thus strikingly + illustrated in an Address of the preceding date, "The study of + Botany has not been pursued in any part of the country with + greater assiduity and success than in the neighbourhood of + Manchester. Far from being confined to the higher orders of + society, it has found its most disinterested admirers in the + lowest walks of life. Though to the skill and perseverance of + the cottager we are confessedly indebted for the improved + cultivation of many plants and fruits, an extensive + acquaintance with the choicest productions of nature, and a + philosophical investigation of their properties, are very + frequently to be met with in the Lancashire Mechanic. But + whilst some knowledge of the principles of Horticulture is + almost universal; and the inferior objects of attention are + readily procured, it is obvious that the difficulty and expense + which attend the possession of plants of rare, and more + particularly of foreign growth, form a natural and + insurmountable obstruction to the researches of many lovers of + the science...." "Whatever regard is due to the rational + gratifications of which the most laborious life is not + incapable, there is a moral influence attendant on + horticultural pursuits, which may be supposed to render every + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page130" + id="page130"></a>[pg 130]</span> friend of humanity desirous + to promote them. The most indifferent observer cannot fail + to remark that the cottager who devotes his hours of leisure + to the improvement of his garden, is rarely subject to the + extreme privations of poverty, and commonly enjoys a + character superior to the circumstances of his condition. + His taste is a motive to employment, and employment secures + him from the temptations to extravagance and the natural + consequences of dissipated habits."<a id="footnotetag1" + name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> + Further, we learn, one great object of the society is to + educate a certain number of young men as gardeners. As "an + inviting scene of public recreation," it is observed, "those + who are little interested in the cultivation of Botany, and + who may regard the employments of Horticulture with disdain, + may still be induced to frequent the Botanical garden, for + the beauty of the objects, the pleasures of the society, and + the animating gaiety of the scene."</p> + + <p>The Manchester Garden, we should think, must, by this time, + have an Eden-like appearance. The Committee began fortunately. + Mr. Loudon, in one of his valuable Gardening + Tours,<a id="footnotetag2" + name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> + refers to "a few traits of liberality in the parties + connected with it; the noble result, as we think, of the + influence of commercial prosperity in liberalizing the mind. + Mr. Trafford, the owner of the ground, offered it for + whatever price the Committee chose to give for it. The + Committee took it at its value to a common farmer, and + obtained a lease of the 16 acres (10 Lancashire) for 99 + years, renewable for ever at 120<i>l</i> a year." He + describes the donations of trees, plants, and books, by + surrounding gentlemen, as very liberal. Mr. Loudon does not + altogether approve of the plan, and certainly by no means of + the manner in which the Garden has been planted, yet he has + no doubt it will contribute materially to the spread of + improved varieties of culinary vegetables and fruits, and to + the education of a superior description of gardeners. He + commends the hothouses, which have been executed at + Birmingham; especially "the manner in which Mr. Jones has + heated the houses by hot water; though a number of the + garden committee were at first very much against this mode + of heating. Mr. Mowbray (who planned the Garden) informed us + that last winter the man could make up the fires for the + night at five o'clock, without needing to look at them again + till the following morning at eight or nine. The houses were + always kept as hot as could be wished, and might have been + kept at 100° if thought necessary. A young gardener, who + had been accustomed to sit up half the night during winter, + to keep up the fires to the smoke flues (elsewhere) was + overcome with delight when he came here, and found how easy + the task of foreman of the houses was likely to prove to + him, as far as concerned the fires and nightwork."</p> + + <p>As a means of social improvement, (a feature of public + interest, we hope, always to be identified with <i>The + Mirror</i>,) we need scarcely add our commendation of the + design of the Botanic Garden at Manchester, and similar + establishments in other large towns of Britain. What can be a + more delightful relaxation to a Lancashire Mechanic than an + hour or two in a <i>Garden</i>: what an escape from the + pestiferous politics of the times. At Birmingham too, there is + a Public Garden, similar to that at Manchester, where we hope + the Artisan may enjoy a sight at least of nature's gladdening + beauties.</p> + + <p>In the suburbs of our great metropolis, matters are not so + well managed; though Mr. Loudon, we think, proposes to unite a + Botanic with the Zoological Gardens. Folks in London must study + botany on their window-sills. The wealthy do not encourage it. + Their love of the country is confined to the forced luxuries of + kitchen-gardens, conveyed to them in wicker-baskets; and a few + hundred exotics hired from a florist, to furnish a mimic + conservatory for an evening rout. They shun her gardens and + fields; but, as Allan Cunningham pleasantly remarks in his Life + of Bonington: "Her loveliness and varieties are not to be + learned elsewhere than in her lap. He will know little of birds + who studies them stuffed in the museum, and less of the rose + and the lily who never saw anything but artificial + nose-gays."<a id="footnotetag3" + name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a></p> + <hr class="full" /> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page131" + id="page131"></a>[pg 131]</span> + + <h2>TO A SNOWDROP.</h2> + + <h3><i>A Translation.</i></h3> + + <h4><i>(For the Mirror.)</i></h4> + + <p>First and fairest of flowery visiter—through the dark + winter I have dreamed of thy paleness and thy + purity—youngest sister of the lily—likelier, thou + art to be loved for thine own sake. Can so delicate a thing + spring from an Earthly bed? or art thou, indeed, fallen from + the heavens as a Snowdrop? Thus I pluck thee from thy clayey + abode, in which, like some of us mortals, thou wouldst find an + early grave. I place thee in my bosom, (oh! that it were half + so pure as thou), and there shalt thou die. Thou comest like a + pure spirit, rising from thy earthly home unsullied and + unknown. No longer a child of the dust, thou steppest forth + almost too delicately attired at such a season as this. Ye + winds of heaven: "breathe on it gently." Ye showers descend on + my Snowdrop with the tenderness of dew. Little flower, I love + thy look of unpretending innocence: thou art the child of + simplicity. Thou art a <i>flower</i>, even though colourless. + Wert thou never gay as others? Where are the hues thou once + didst wear? Hast thou lent them to the rainbow, or to gay and + gaudy flowers, or why so pale? Dost thou fear the winter's + wind? Canst thou survive the snow-storm? Tell me: dost thou + sleep by starlight, or revel with midnight fairies? My + Snowdrop, I pity thee, for thou art a lonely flower. Why camest + thou out so early, and wouldst not tarry for thy more cautious + spring-time companions? Yet thou knowest not fear, "fair maiden + of February." Thou art bold to come out on such a morning, and + friendless too. It must be true as they tell me, that thou wert + once an icicle, and the breath of some fairy's lips warmed thee + into a flower. Indeed thou lookest a frail and fairy thing, and + thou wilt not sojourn with us long; therefore it is I make much + of thee. Too soon, ah! too soon, will thy graceful form droop + and die; yet shall the memory of my Snowdrop be sweet, while + memory lasts. I know not that I shall live to see thy drooping + head another year. A thousand flowers with a thousand hues will + follow after thee, but I will not, I will not forget thee my + Snowdrop.</p> + + <h4>MAJOR CONVOLVULUS.</h4> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>OUR LADY'S CHAPEL, SOUTHWARK.</h2> + + <p>It may not plainly appear to some readers that our Engraving + of this fine vestige of ancient art, is from a View taken in + the year 1818. The Bishop's Chapel, which is there shown, was + demolished about twelve months since, at whose bidding we know + not; perhaps of the same party who now contend for the + destruction of the Lady Chapel.</p> + + <p>By the way we referred to the Altar Screen, of which we now + find the following memorandum in a <i>History of St. Saviour's + Church</i>, published in 1795:<a id="footnotetag4" + name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a></p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Anno 1618. 15 Jac. I. "The screen at the entrance to + the chapel of the Virgin Mary was this year set up."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>In the same work occur the particulars of the repairs of the + Lady Chapel in 1624:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"Anno 1624. 21 Jac. I. "The chapel of the Virgin Mary + was restored to the parishioners, being let out to bakers + for above sixty years before, and 200<i>l</i>. laid out in + the repair. Of which we preserve the following extract from + Stowe:</p> + + <p>"But passing all these, some what now of that part of + this church above the chancell, that in former times was + called Our Ladies Chappell.</p> + + <p>"It is now called the New Chappell; and indeed, though + very old, it now may be called a new one, because newly + redeemed from such use and imployment, as in respect of + that it was built to, divine and religious duties, may very + well be branded, with the style of wretched, base, and + unworthy, for that, that before this abuse, was (and is + now) a faire and beautifull chappell, by those that were + then the corporation (which is a body consisting of thirty + vestry-men, six of those thirty, churchwardens) was leased + and let out, and the house of God made a bake-house.</p> + + <p>"Two very faire doores, that from the two side iles of + the chancell of this church, and two that thorow the head + of the chancell (as at this day they doe againe) went into + it, were lath't, daub'd, and dam'd up: the faire pillars + were ordinary posts against which they piled billets and + bavens: in this place they had their ovens, in that a + bolting place, in that their kneading trough, in another (I + have heard) a hogs-trough; for the words that were given + mee were these, this place have I knowne a hog-stie, in + another a store house, to store up their hoorded meal; and + in all of it something of this sordid kind and condition. + It was first let by the corporation afore named, to one + <i>Wyat</i>, after him, to one <i>Peacocke</i>, after him, + to one <i>Cleybrooke</i>, and last, to one + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page132" + id="page132"></a>[pg 132]</span> <i>Wilson</i>, all + bakers, and this chappell still imployed in the way of + their trade, a bake-house, though some part of this + bake-house was some time turned into a starch-house.</p> + + <p>"The time of the continuance of it in this kind, from + the first letting of it to Wyat, to the restoring of it + again to the church, was threescore and some odde yeeres, + in the yeere of our Lord God 1624, for in this yeere the + ruines and blasted estate, that the old corporation sold it + to, were by the corporation of this time, repaired, + renewed, well, and very worthily beautified: the charge of + it for that yeere, with many things done to it since, + arising to two hundred pounds.</p> + + <p>"This, as all the former repairs, being the sole cost + and charge of the parishioners."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>A correspondent, E.E. inquires how it happens that the + Chapel of St. Mary Magdalen, shown in all old plans of the + Church, has likewise disappeared within the present century? + This Chapel adjoined the South transept, and was removed during + the repairs, under the able superintendence of Mr. Gwilt. It + was thus described by Mr. Nightingale in 1818:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>"The chapel itself is a very plain erection. It is + entered on the south, through a large pair of folding + doors, leading down a small flight of steps. The ceiling + has nothing peculiar in its character; nor are the four + pillars supporting the roof, and the unequal arches leading + into the south aisle, in the least calculated to convey any + idea of grandeur, or feeling of veneration. These arches + have been cut through in a very clumsy manner, so that + scarcely any vestige of the ancient church of St. Mary + Magdalen now remains. A small doorway and windows, however, + are still visible at the east end of this chapel; the west + end formerly opened into the south transept; but that also + is now walled up, except a part, which leads to the gallery + there. There are in different parts niches which once held + the holy water, by which the pious devotees of former ages + sprinkled their foreheads on their entrance before the + altar, I am not aware that any other remains of the old + church are now visible in this chapel. Passing through the + eastern end of the south aisle, a pair of gates leads into + the Virgin Mary's Chapel."</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>From what we remember of the character of this Chapel, the + lovers of architecture have little to lament in its removal. + Our Correspondent, E.E., adds—"This, and not the Lady + Chapel, it was, (No. 456 of <i>The Mirror</i>,) that contained + the gravestone of one Bishop Wickham, who, however, was not the + famous builder of Windsor Castle, in the time of Edward III., + but died in 1595, the same year in which he was translated from + the see of Lincoln to that of Winchester. His gravestone, now + lying exposed in the churchyard, marks the south-east corner of + the site of the aforesaid Magdalen Chapel."</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>SCOTTISH ECONOMY.</h2> + + <h3>SHAVINGS <i>v.</i> COAL AND PEAT.</h3> + + <h4>(<i>To the Editor</i>.)</h4> + + <p>Without intending to be angry, permit me to inform your + well-meaning correspondent, <i>M.L.B</i>. that his observations + on the inhabitants of "Auld Reekie," are something like the + subject of his communication "Shavings," <i>rather</i> + superficial.</p> + + <p>Improvidence forms no feature in the Scottish character; but + your flying tourist charges "the gude folk o' Embro'" with + monstrous extravagance in making bonfires of their carpenters' + chips; and proceeds to reflect in the true spirit of + civilization how much better it would have been if the + builders' chips had been used in lighting household fires, to + the obviously great saving of bundle-wood, than to have thus + wantonly forced them to waste their gases on the desert air. + But your traveller forgot that in countries which abound in + wheat, rye is seldom eaten; and that on the same principle, in + Scotland, where coal and peat are abundant, the "natives," like + the ancient Vestals, never allow their fires to go out, but + keep them burning through the whole night. The business of the + "gude man" is, immediately before going to bed, to load the + fire with coals, and crown the supply with a "canny passack o' + turf," which keeps the whole in a state of gentle combustion; + when, in the morning a sturdy thrust from the poker, produces + an instantaneous blaze. But, unfortunately, should any untoward + "o'er-night clishmaclaver" occasion the neglect of this duty, + and the fire be left, like envy, to feed upon its own vitals, a + remedy is at hand in the shape of a pan "o' live coals" from + some more provident neighbour, resident in an upper or lower + "flat;" and thus without bundle-wood or "shavings," is the + mischief cured.</p> + + <p>I hope that this explanation will sufficiently vindicate my + Scottish friends from <i>M.L.B</i>.'s aspersion. Scotchmen + improvident! never: for workhouses are + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page133" + id="page133"></a>[pg 133]</span> as scarce among them as + bundle-wood, or intelligent travellers. Recollect that I am + not in a passion; but this I will say, though the gorge + choke me, that <i>M.L.B.</i> strongly reminds me of the + French princess, who when she heard of some manufacturers + dying in the provinces of starvation, said, "Poor fools! die + of starvation—if I were them I would eat bread and + cheese first."</p> + + <p>The next time <i>M.L.B.</i> visits Scotland, let him ask the + first peasant he meets how to keep eggs fresh for years; and he + will answer <i>rub a little oil or butter over them, within a + day or two after laying, and they will keep any length of time, + perfectly fresh</i>. This discovery, which was made in France + by the great Reamur, depends for its success upon the oil + filling up the pores of the egg-shell, and thereby cutting off + the perspiration between the fluids of the egg and the + atmosphere, which is a necessary agent in putrefaction. The + preservation of eggs in this manner, has long been practised in + all "braid Scotland;" but it is not so much as known in our own + boasted land of stale eggs and bundle-wood.</p> + + <p>In Edinburgh, I mean the Scottish and not the Irish capital, + <i>M.L.B.</i> may actually eat <i>new laid</i> eggs a <i>year + old!</i> How is it that this great comfort is not practised in + the navy? The Scotch have also a hundred other domestic + practices for the saving of the hard earned "siller;" and are + far from the commission of any such idle waste as + <i>M.L.B.</i>'s story exhibits. S.S.</p> + + <p>P.S. Tinder-boxes are unknown in Scotland, and I am sure + <i>M.L.B.</i> if he wants a business would as readily make his + fortune by selling them, as the Yorkshireman who went to the + West Indies with a cargo of great coats.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>LINES</h2> + + <h3>ON MY FORTY-NINTH BIRTHDAY.</h3> + + <h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>On the slope of Life's decline,</p> + + <p>The landmark reached of <i>forty-nine</i>,</p> + + <p>Thoughtful on this heart of mine</p> + + <p>Strikes the sound of forty-nine.</p> + + <p>Greyish hairs with brown combine</p> + + <p>To note Time's hand—and forty-nine.</p> + + <p>Sunny hours that used to shine,</p> + + <p>Shadow o'er at forty-nine.</p> + + <p>Of youthful sports the joys decline,</p> + + <p>Symptoms strong of forty-nine.</p> + + <p>The dance I willingly resign,</p> + + <p>To lighter heels than forty-nine.</p> + + <hr /> + + <p>Yet, why anxiously repine?</p> + + <p>Pleasures wait on forty-nine.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Social pleasures—joys benign—</p> + + <p>Still are found at forty-nine.</p> + + <p>With a friend to go and dine,</p> + + <p>What better age than forty-nine?</p> + + <p>Ladies with me sip their wine,</p> + + <p>Though they know I'm forty-nine.</p> + + <p>Tea and chat, and wit combine,</p> + + <p>To enliven musing forty-nine.</p> + + <p>Let harmony its chords untwine,</p> + + <p>Music charms at forty nine.</p> + + <p>O'er wasting care let croakers whine,</p> + + <p>Care we'll defy at forty-nine.</p> + + <p>Fifty shall not make me pine—</p> + + <p>Why lament o'er forty-nine.</p> + + <p>Joys let's trace of "Auld Lang Syne,"</p> + + <p>Memory's fresh at forty-nine.</p> + + <p>Then fill a cup of rosy wine,</p> + + <p>And drink a health to FORTY-NINE.</p> + + <p class="i10">W. W.</p> + </div> + </div> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.</h2> + <hr /> + + <h3>PHILOSOPHY OF LONDON.</h3> + + <h3><i>The Quadrant</i></h3> + + <p>The principle of <i>suum cuique</i> is felicitously enforced + in that ostentatious but rather heavy piece of architecture, + the Regent Quadrant, the pillars of which exhibit from time to + time different colours, according to the fancy of the + shop-owners to whose premises respectively they happen to + belong. Thus, Mr. Figgins chooses to see his side of a pillar + painted a pale chocolate, while his neighbour Mrs. Hopkins + insists on disguising the other half with a coat of light cream + colour, or haply a delicate shade of Dutch pink; so that the + identity of material which made it so hard for Transfer, in + Zeluco, to distinguish between his metal Venus and Vulcan, is + often the only incident that the two moieties have in + common.</p> + + <h3><i>Squares</i>.</h3> + + <p>The few squares that existed in London antecedent to 1770, + were rather sheep-walks, paddocks, and kitchen gardens, than + any thing else. Grosvenor Square in particular, fenced round + with a rude wooden railing, which was interrupted by lumpish + brick piers at intervals of every half-dozen yards, partook + more of the character of a pond than a parterre; and as for + Hanover Square, it had very much the air of a sorry cow-yard, + where blackguards were to be seen assembled daily, playing at + husselcap up to their ankles in mire. Cavendish Square was then + for the first time dignified with a statue, in the modern + uniform of the Guards, mounted on a charger, <i>à + l'antique</i>, richly gilt and burnished; and Red Lion Square, + elegantly so called from the sign of an ale-shop + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page134" + id="page134"></a>[pg 134]</span> at the corner, presented + the anomalous appendages of two ill-constructed watch-houses + at either end, with an ungainly, naked obelisk in the + centre, which, by the by, was understood to be the site of + Oliver Cromwell's re-interment. St. James's Park abounded in + apple-trees, which Pepys mentions having laid under + contribution by stealth, while Charles and his queen were + actually walking within sight of him. The quaint style of + this old writer is sometimes not a little entertaining. He + mentions having seen Major-General Harrison "hanged, drawn, + and quartered at Charing-Cross, he (Harrison) looking as + cheerful as any man could in that condition." He also + gravely informs us that Sir Henry Vane, when about to be + beheaded on Tower Hill, urgently requested the executioner + to take off his head so as not to hurt a seton which + happened to be uncicatrized in his neck!</p> + + <h3><i>Modern Building</i>.</h3> + + <p>We are the contemporaries of a street-building generation, + but the grand maxim of the nineteenth century, in their + management of masonry, as in almost every thing else, as far as + we can discover, appears to lie in that troublesome line of + Macbeth's soliloquy, ending with, "'twere well it were done + quickly." It is notorious that many of the leases of new + dwelling-houses contain a clause against dancing, lest the + premises should suffer from a mazurka, tremble at a gallopade, + or fall prostrate under the inflictions of "the parson's + farewell," or "the wind that shakes the barley." The system of + building, or rather "running up" a house first, and afterwards + providing it with a false exterior, meant to deceive the eye + with the semblance of curved stone, is in itself an absolute + abomination. Besides, Greek architecture, so magnificent when + on a large scale, becomes perfectly ridiculous when applied to + a private street-mansion, or a haberdasher's warehouse. St. + Paul's Church, Covent-Garden, is an instance of the unhappy + effect produced by a combination of a similar kind; great in + all its parts, with its original littleness, it very nearly + approximates to the character of a barn. Inigo Jones doubtless + desired to erect an edifice of stately Roman aspect, but he was + cramped in his design, and, therefore, only aspired to make a + first-rate barn; so far unquestionably the great architect has + succeeded. Then looking to those details of London + architecture, which appear more peculiarly connected with the + dignity of the nation, what can we say of it, but that the King + of Great Britain is worse lodged than the chief magistrate of + Claris or Zug, while the debates of the most powerful assembly + in the world are carried on in a building, (or, a return to + Westminster Hall,) which will bear no comparison with the + Stadthouse at Amsterdam! The city, however, as a whole, + presents a combination of magnitude and grandeur, which we + should in vain look for elsewhere, although with all its + immensity it has not yet realized the quaint prediction of + James the First,—that London would shortly be England, + and England would be London.</p> + + <h3><i>Morning</i>.</h3> + + <p>The metropolis presents certain features of peculiar + interest just at that unpopular dreamy hour when stars "begin + to pale their ineffectual fires," and the drowsy twilight of + the doubtful day brightens apace into the fulness of morning, + "blushing like an Eastern bride." Then it is that the extremes + of society first meet under circumstances well calculated to + indicate the moral width between their several conditions. The + gilded chariot bowls along from square to square with its + delicate patrimonial possessor, bearing him homeward in + celerity and silence, worn with lassitude, and heated with wine + quaffed at his third rout, after having deserted the oft-seen + ballet, or withdrawn in pettish disgust at the utterance of a + false harmony in the opera. A cabriolet hurries past him still + more rapidly, bearing a fashionable physician, on the fret at + having been summoned prematurely from the comforts of a second + sleep in a voluptuous chamber, on an experimental visit to</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Raise the weak head, and stay the parting sigh,</p> + + <p>Or with new life relume the swimming eye."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>At the corners of streets of traffic, and more + especially</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Where fam'd St. Giles's ancient limits spread,"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>the matutinal huckster may be seen administering to + costermongers, hackney-coachmen, and "fair women without + discretion," a fluid "all hot, all hot," ycleped by the + initiated elder wine, which, we should think, might give the + partakers a tolerable notion of the fermenting beverage + extracted by Tartars from mare's milk not particularly fresh. + Hard by we find a decent matron super-intending her tea-table + at the lamp-post, and tendering to a remarkably select company + little, blue, delft cups of bohea, filled from time to time + from a prodigious kettle, that simmers unceasingly on its + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page135" + id="page135"></a>[pg 135]</span> charcoal tripod, though the + refractory cad often protests that the fuel fails before the + boiling stage is consummated by an ebullition. Hither + approaches perhaps an interesting youth from + Magherastaphena, who, ere night-fall, is destined to figure + in some police-office as a "juvenile delinquent." The + shivering sweep, who has just travelled through half a dozen + stacks of chimneys, also quickens every motion of his weary + little limbs, when he comes within sight of the destined + breakfast, and beholds the reversionary heel of a loaf and + roll of butter awaiting his arrival. Another unfailing + visiter is the market-gardener, on his way to deposit before + the Covent Garden piazza such a pyramid of cabbages as might + well have been manured in the soil with Master Jack's justly + celebrated bean-stalk. Surely Solomon in all his glory was + not arrayed like one of these. The female portion of such + assemblages, for the most part, consists of poor Salopian + strawberry-carriers, many of whom have walked already at + least four miles, with a troublesome burden, and for a + miserable pittance—egg-women, with sundry still-born + chickens, goslings, and turkey-pouts—and passing + milk-maidens, peripatetic under the yoke of their double + pail. Their professional cry is singular and sufficiently + unintelligible, although perhaps not so much so as that of + the Dublin milk-venders in the days of Swift; it used to run + thus,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Mugs, jugs, and porringers,</p> + + <p>Up in the garret and down in the cellar."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>They are in general a hale, comely, well-favoured race, + notwithstanding the assertion of the author of Trivia to the + contrary.<a id="footnotetag5" + name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a></p> + + <p>The most revolting spectacle to any one of sensibility which + usually presents itself about this hour, is the painful + progress of the jaded, foundered, and terrified droves of + cattle that one necessarily must see not unfrequently + struggling on to the appointed slaughter-house, perhaps after + three days during which they have been running</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Their course of suffering in the public way."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>On such occasions we have often wished ourselves "far from + the sight of city, spire, or sound of minster clock." One feels + most for the sheep and lambs, when the softened fancy recurs to + the streams and hedgerows, and pleasant pastures, from whence + the woolly exiles have been ejected; and yet the emotion of + pity is not wholly unaccompanied by admiration at the sagacity + of the canine disciplinarians that bay them remorselessly + forward, and sternly refuse the stragglers permission to make a + reconnoissance on the road. They are highly respectable members + of society these same sheep-dogs, and we wish we could say as + much for "the curs of low degree," that just at the same hour + begin to prowl up and down St. Giles's, and to and fro in it, + seeking what they may devour, with the fear of the Alderman of + Cripplegate Within before their eyes. The feline kind, however, + have reason to think themselves in more danger at the first + round of the watering cart, for we have often rescued an + unsuspicious tortoise-shell from the felonious designs of a + skin-dealer, who was about to lay violent hands on unoffending + puss, while she was watching the process of making bread + through the crevices of a Scotch grating.<a id="footnotetag6" + name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a></p> + + <p>Another animal <i>sui generis</i>, occasionally visible + about the same cock-crowing season, is the parliamentary + reporter, shuffling to roost, and a more slovenly-looking + operative from sunrise to sunset is rarely to be seen. There + has probably been a double debate, and between three and five + o'clock he has written "a column <i>bould</i>." No one can well + mistake him. The features are often Irish, the gait jaunty or + resolutely brisk, but neither "buxom, blithe, nor debonnair," + complexion wan, expression pensive, and the entire propriety of + the toilette disarranged and <i>degagée</i>. The stuff + that he has perpetrated is happily no longer present to his + memory, and neither placeman's sophistry nor patriot's rant + will be likely in any way to interfere with his repose. Intense + fatigue, whether intellectual or manual, however, is not the + best security for sound slumber at any hour, more particularly + in the morning.</p> + + <p>Even at this hour the swart Savoyard (<i>filius nullius</i>) + issues forth on his diurnal pilgrimage, "remote, unfriended, + melancholy, slow," to excruciate on his superannuated + hurdy-gurdy that sublime melody, "the hundred and seventh + psalm," or the plaintive sweetness of "Isabel," perhaps + speculating on a breakfast for himself and Pug, somewhere + between Knightsbridge and Old Brentford. Poor fellow! Could he + procure <span class="pagenum"><a name="page136" + id="page136"></a>[pg 136]</span> a few bones of mutton, how + hard would it be for his hungry comprehension to understand + the displeasure which similar objects occasioned to Attila + on the plains of Champagne!</p> + + <p>Then the too frequent preparations for a Newgate + execution—but enough of such details; it is the muse of + Mr. Crabbe that alone could do them justice. We would say to + the great city, in the benedictory spirit of the patriot of + Venice,—<i>esto perpetua!</i> Notwithstanding thy + manifold "honest knaveries," peace be within thy walls, and + plenty pervade thy palaces, that thou mayest ever approve + thyself, oh queen of capitals,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Like Samson's riddle in the sacred song,</p> + + <p>A springing sweet still flowing from the + strong!"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <h4><i>Blackwood's Magazine</i>.</h4> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>THE SKETCH-BOOK.</h2> + <hr /> + + <h3>SCOTTISH SPORTING.</h3> + + <h4><i>From the Letters of Two Sportsmen; with Recollections of + the Ettrick Shepherd.</i></h4> + + <h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + + <p>After visiting Thoms, the sculptor, "Burns's cottage," + "Halloway Kirk," Monument, &c., in Ayrshire, we toddled on + over to Dumfries, and had a <i>crack</i> with poor "Rabbie + Burns's" widow, not forgetting McDiarmid the author; thence to + Moffat, and up that dismal glen, the pass of Moffat, to the + grey mare's tail, a waterfall, so called from its resembling + the silvery tail of a grey mare; and truly, if the simile were + extended into infinitude, which from its sublimity it would + admit of, we might compare its waving, silky stream swinging + over the broad face of its lofty grey rock, to the tail of the + pale horse of Revelation, over the chaos of time. It was a + sombre, solemn sort of a day, and the dense clouds hung + curtaining down the mountain sides, like our living pall as it + were—I scarcely know how—but we felt dismally until + we took a dram and got into a perspiration, with tugging up the + sinuosities of the cliff's, to the summit of the waterfall. + Loch Skein, where we were galvanized, electrified, magnetized, + and petrified, all at once, by the quackery, clackery, + flappery, quatter, splatter, clatter, scatter, and + dash-de-blash, and squash, of a flock of wild ducks, on its + reedy, flaggy surface; O, what a <i>scutter</i> was there! Our + hearts, too full, leapt into our mouths, but our guns were + turned into tons of lead, and ere we could heave them up to our + shoulders of clay, the thousand had fled into the eternal grey + mist of the mountain, like the dispersion of a confused dream. + There we stood like two sumphs, (as Hogg calls those who are + ganging a bit aglee in their wits) gaping and staring at each + other with a look which said, why did not <i>you</i>shoot? Our + dogs too stood as stiff as two pumps, with tails standing out + like the handles! <i>Apropos</i>—talking of Hogg, the + poet, we called to see him in his half-acre island in Eltrive + Lake, and truly we met with that burning hot reception which we + had anticipated from <i>Blackwood's Magazine</i> description of + him. We had no <i>notes of introduction</i>except the notes + which our guns pricked upon the echoes of Ettric Forest, and + which James Hogg heard and answered with a view-hallo, for us + to "come awa doon the brae an' tak' a dram o'speerits," and so + we did, and in true Highland style; he met us at the door and + gave us a drain from the bottle, first gulping a glass himself + of that double-strong like & fire-eater, without a twink of + the eye or a wince of the mouth; and then with a grip o' the + daddle, which made the fingers crack, he pulled us into his + bonnie wee bit shooting box of a house, with a "Come awa ben + ye'll be the better o' a bite o' venison pasty;" so in we went, + and were introduced to his bonnie wife and sousy barnes, which + latter, Jammie Hogg nursed as though he lov'd 'em frae the + uttermost ends o' his sowl.</p> + + <p>Campbell has it against Byron, that "the poetic temperament + is incompatible with matrimonial felicity." Fudge, fudge, Mr. + Campbell, did you ever visit James Hogg?</p> + + <p>Well, we sat down to take a snack with James and an + extraordinary monkey of his, which he has dressed in the garb + of a Highland soldier, and which too, sat down at table, and + played his knife and fork like a true epicure. "An extrornry + crater is that wee Heelan-man o' mine, gentlemen, he can conduc + himsel' as weel's ony Christan man at table, and aft when I'm + pennin' a bit rhyme 'thegither, the crater'll lowp up 'ith + chair anent me and tak' up a pen, in exac emeetation o' me, and + keck into my 'een in his cunnin way, as if he was speering me + what to write aboot; he surely maun ha' a feck o' thocht in his + heed if are could gar him spak it; but ye ken his horsemanship + beats a'. I had a spire-haired collie, a breed atween a Heelan + lurcher, a grew, and a wolf, dog, a meety, muckle collie he is + for sure—weel, gentlemen, do ye ken, he + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page137" + id="page137"></a>[pg 137]</span> a' rides on him when we + hoont the tod (fox), an' to see him girt a screep o' red + flannin on for a saddle, that the neer-do-weel toor fra a + beggar-wife's tattered duds ane day; an' then to see him + lowp on like a mountebank, and sit skreighin an' chatrin, + an' cronkin like a paddock on a clud o'yearth. O, its a + lachin teeklesome sicht for sure—an' then hee'l thud, + thud, thud his wee bit neive 'ith shouther 'oth collie, an' + steek his toes in his side, just for a' the world like a + Newmarket jockey, an' then hee'l turn him roon behint-afore + an' play treeks, till collie gerns at him; an' then beway o' + makin friens again, hee'l streek an' pat him, an' peek the + ferlie oot o' his hurdles; an' then when we're a' ready for + gannin awa, to be sure what a dirdum an' stramash do they + twa keek up; an' then aff they flee like the deevil in a + gale o' wind, an' are oot o' sicht before ye can say owr the + border an' far awa. But I ha' just been speerin the forester + aboot the tod (fox), an' he gars me gang owr the muir to + Ettric Forest, an' leuk in a cleuch in a rock there is + there, an' I shall find the half-peckit banes o' a joop o' + mine that stray'd yestreen. So, gentlemen, if yer fond o' + oor kin o' sportin, ye shall hae such a sicht o' rinnin an' + ridin as ye ne'er saw heretofore we your twa een."</p> + + <p>We readily accepted the invite, and off we set in company + with the "Ettric Shepherd" and his monkey, and certainly it was + a "<i>teeklesome sicht</i>" to see him mounted on the long, + lank, wire-haired, shaggy wolf-dog-grew-lurcher, while he in + play was scouring round and round the wild and barren moor; + away and away as swift as the wind, over brae and bourn and bog + they went, like a red petticoated witch on a besom, flying in + the storm.</p> + + <p>On our way we fell in with the foresters, who were going a + deer-stalking; they had a buck to kill for the duke, so we + joined company, and gave that satisfactory shrug of the + shoulders, with the expectation of sport, that a spider would + feel while sitting in the corner of a hollow nut-shell, and + seeing his victim already entangled in his web, while he was + whetting his appetite with suspended hope, in dream of + anticipated fattenings.</p> + + <p>We made the best of our way to the watering-place haunt of + the deer. Silence was the word, and we crept on tip-toe and + tip-toe, scarce breathing, keeping ever out of the wind's + course; for they have an ear of silk, and an eye of light, and + a scent so exquisite that they could, if it were possible, hear + the tread, see the essence, and scent the breath, of a spirit. + This watering haunt was in a lonely glen, which was commanded, + within pistol-shot, by a small clump of trees, which were + under-grown by brushwood and brambles, and wherein we ambushed + ourselves. Ay, there it was, the "gory bed," where "this day a + stag must die," just one hundred yards from that said clump. + Hush, hush, silence, silence, "Swallow your brith," says Jammie + Hogg, hush, "Heck, cack, a," says the monkey, "the deevil tak' + the monkey," says Jammie, "whist, whist, hush!"</p> + + <h4>(<i>To be concluded in our next</i>.)</h4> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>THE SELECTOR; AND LITERARY NOTICES OF <i>NEW + WORKS</i>.</h2> + <hr class="short" /> + + <h3>THE GEORGIAN ERA.</h3> + + <h4><i>(Concluded from page 124.)</i></h4> + + <h4><i>Sheridan.</i></h4> + + <p>"In early life, Sheridan had been generally accounted + handsome: he was rather above the middle size, and well + proportioned. He excelled in several manly exercises: he was a + proficient in horsemanship, and danced with great elegance. His + eyes were black, brilliant, and always particularly expressive. + Sir Joshua Reynolds, who painted his portrait, is said to have + affirmed, that their pupils were larger than those of any human + being he had ever met with. They retained their beauty to the + last; but the lower parts of his face exhibited, in his latter + years, the usual effects of intemperance. His arms were strong, + although by no means large; and his hands small and delicate. + On a cast of one of them, the following appropriate couplet is + stated, by Moore, to have been written:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Good at a fight, but better at a play;</p> + + <p>Godlike in giving; but the devil to pay!</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"No man of his day possessed so much tact in appropriating + and adorning the wit of others. He pillaged his predecessors of + their ideas, with as much skill and effrontery as he did his + contemporaries of their money. It was his ambition to appear + indolent; but he was, in fact, particularly, though not + regularly laborious. The most striking parts of his best + speeches were written and rewritten, on separate slips of + paper, and, in many cases, laid by for years, before they were + spoken. He not only elaborately polished his good ideas, but, + when they were finished, waited patiently, + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page138" + id="page138"></a>[pg 138]</span> until an opportunity + occurred of uttering them with the best effect. Moore + states, that the only time he could have had for the + pre-arrangement of his conceptions, must have been during + the many hours of the day which he passed in bed; when, + frequently, while the world gave him credit for being + asleep, he was employed in laying the frame-work of his wit + and eloquence for the evening.</p> + + <p>"Like that of his great political rival, Pitt, his eloquence + required the stimulus of the bottle. Port was his favourite + wine; it quickened, he said, the circulation and the fancy + together; adding, that he seldom spoke to his satisfaction + until after he had taken a couple of bottles. Arthur O'Leary + used to remark, that, like a porter, he never was steady unless + he had a load on his head.</p> + + <p>"He also needed the excitement of wine when engaged in + composition. 'If an idea be reluctant,' he would sometimes say, + 'a glass of port ripens it, and it bursts forth; if it come + freely, a glass of port is a glorious reward for it.' He + usually wrote at night, with several candles burning around + him.</p> + + <p>"The most serious appointments were, to him, matters of no + importance. After promising to attend the funeral of his friend + Richardson, he arrived at the church after the conclusion of + the burial service; which, however, to their mutual disgrace, + he prevailed on the clergyman to repeat. But, notwithstanding + his liability to the charge of desecration, even in more than + one instance, he professed, and it is but charitable to presume + that he felt, in his better moments, a deep sense of the worth + of piety. He had ever considered, he said, a deliberate + disposition to make proselytes in infidelity, as an + unaccountable depravity, a brutal outrage, the motive for which + he had never been able to trace or conceive.</p> + + <p>"Sheridan enjoyed a distinguished reputation for colloquial + wit. From among the best of the occasional dicta, &c. + attributed to him, the following are selected:—</p> + + <p>"An elderly maiden lady, an inmate of a country house, at + which Sheridan was passing a few days, expressed an inclination + to take a stroll with him, but he excused himself, on account + of the badness of the weather. Shortly afterwards, she met him + sneaking out alone.</p> + + <p>'So, Mr. Sheridan,' said she, 'it has cleared up.' 'Yes, + madam,' was the reply; 'it certainly has cleared up enough for + one, but not enough for two;' and off he went.</p> + + <p>"He jocularly observed, on one occasion, to a creditor, who + peremptorily required payment of the interest due on a + long-standing debt,' My dear sir, you know it is not my + <i>interest</i> to pay the <i>principal</i>; nor is it my + <i>principle</i> to pay the <i>interest</i>.'</p> + + <p>"One day, the prince of Wales having expatiated on the + beauty of Dr. Darwin's opinion, that the reason why the bosom + of a beautiful woman possesses such a fascinating effect on man + is, because he derived from that source the first pleasurable + sensations of his infancy. Sheridan ridiculed the idea very + happily. 'Such children, then,' said he, 'as are brought up by + hand, must needs be indebted for similar sensations to a very + different object; and yet, I believe, no man has ever felt any + intense emotions of amatory delight at beholding a + pap-spoon.'</p> + + <p>"Boaden, the author of several theatrical pieces, having + given Drury lane theatre the title of a wilderness, Sheridan, + when requested, shortly afterwards, to produce a tragedy, + written by Boaden, replied, 'The wise and discreet author calls + our house a wilderness:—now, I don't mind allowing the + oracle to have his opinion; but it is really too much for him + to expect, that I will suffer him to prove his words.'</p> + + <p>"Kelly having to perform an Irish character, Johnstone took + great pains to instruct him in the brogue, but with so little + success, that Sheridan said, on entering the green-room, at the + conclusion of the piece, 'Bravo, Kelly! I never heard you speak + such good English in all my life!'</p> + + <p>"He delighted in practical jokes, and seems to have enjoyed + a sheer piece of mischief, with all the gusto of a school-boy. + At this kind of sport, Tickell and Sheridan were often + play-fellows: and the tricks which they inflicted on each + other, were frequently attended with rather unpleasant + consequences. One night, he induced Tickell to follow him down + a dark passage, on the floor of which he had placed all the + plates and dishes he could muster, in such a manner, that while + a clear path was left open for his own escape, it would have + been a miracle if Tickell did not smash two-thirds of them. The + result was as Sheridan had anticipated: Tickell fell among the + crockery, which so severely cut him in many places, that Lord + John Townshend found him, the next day, in bed, and covered + with patches. 'Sheridan has behaved atrociously towards me,' + said he, 'and I am resolved to be revenged on him. But,' + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page139" + id="page139"></a>[pg 139]</span> added he, his admiration at + the trick entirely subduing his indignation, 'how amazingly + well it was managed!'</p> + + <p>"He once took advantage of the singular appetite of + Richardson for argument, to evade payment of a heavy + coach-fare. Sheridan had occupied a hackney-chariot for several + hours, and had not a penny in his pocket to pay the coachman. + While in this dilemma, Richardson passed, and he immediately + proposed to take the disputant up, as they appeared to be going + in the same direction. The offer was accepted, and Sheridan + adroitly started a subject on which his companion was usually + very vehement and obstinate. The argument was maintained with + great warmth on both sides, until at length Sheridan affected + to lose his temper, and pulling the check-string, commanded the + coachman to let him out instantly, protesting that he would not + ride another yard with a man who held such opinions, and + supported them in such a manner. So saying, he descended and + walked off, leaving Richardson to enjoy his fancied triumph, + and to pay the whole fare. Richardson, it is said, in a + paroxysm of delight at Sheridan's apparent defeat, put his head + out of the window and vociferated his arguments until he was + out of sight."</p> + + <p>The minor or appendix biographies are not so neatly executed + as the more lengthy sketches. It is rather oddly said, "that + Alderman Wood shortly before the demise of George the Fourth, + obtained leave to bring in a bill for the purpose of preventing + the spread of canine madness." Again, as the Alderman is a + hop-factor, why observe "he is said to have realized a + considerable fortune by his fortunate speculations in hops." + This describes him as a mere speculator, and not as an + established trader in hops.</p> + + <p>The present volume of the Georgian Era is handsomely + printed, and is, without exception, the <i>cheapest book of the + day</i>, considered either as to its merit or + size—quality or quantity: what can transcend nearly 600 + pages of such condensed reading as we have proved this work to + contain—for half-a-guinea! Were it re-written and printed + in the style of a fashionable novel, it would reach round the + world, and in that case, it should disappear at <i>Terra del + Fuego</i>.</p> + + <p>The embellishments of the Georgian Era are not its most + successful portion; but a fine head of George I. fronts the + title-page. The anecdotes, by the way, will furnish us two or + three agreeable pages anon.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>Fine Arts.</h2> + <hr /> + + <h3>PATRICK NASMYTH.</h3> + + <h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + + <p>This distinguished landscape-painter was the son of Mr. + Alexander Nasmyth, an artist who is still living and well known + in Edinburgh, at which city Patrick was born about the year + 1785. His education appears to have been good, and he was early + initiated in the art of painting by his father, who constantly + represented to him the many great advantages to be derived from + the study of nature rather than from the old masters' + productions, the greater portion of which have lost their + original purity by time and the unskilful management of those + persons who term themselves <i>picture restorers</i>. Far from + confining himself to the usual method adopted by most young + artists of servilely imitating old paintings, young Nasmyth + very soon began to copy nature in all her varied freshness and + beauty. Scotland contains much of the picturesque, and from + this circumstance he seized every opportunity to cultivate his + genius for landscape-painting. With incessant application he + studied the accidental formation of clouds and the shadows + thrown by them on the earth; by which practice he acquired the + art of delineating with precision the most pleasing effects. + His style appears very agreeable and unaffected; he excelled + however, only in rural scenery, in which his skies, distant + hills, and the barks of the trees, are truly admirable. His + foregrounds are always beautifully diversified, and every blade + of grass is true to nature. He is not equal in every respect to + Hobbima, yet certainly approximates nearer to that celebrated + master than any English artist.</p> + + <p>In 1830, Mr. Nasmyth sold his valuable collection of + original sketches and drawings for thirty pounds to George + Pennell, Esq., who also purchased several of his exquisitely + finished pictures, one of which—a View in Lee Wood, near, + Bristol—is now in the possession of Lord Northwick. + Nasmyth was a constant exhibitor at the Royal Academy, the + British Institution, &c., and his performances delighted + the uninstructed spectator as well as the connoisseur.</p> + + <p>In person, he was of the middle stature, and possessed a + manly countenance with an agreeable figure. In conversation he + was vivacious and witty, especially when in company with a + convivial party. His character, in some + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page140" + id="page140"></a>[pg 140]</span> respects, was similar to + that of George Morland; he was rather too much addicted to + convivial pleasures, yet was ever solicitous to mix with the + best company, and his polite manners always rendered him an + acceptable guest; in this respect he was <i>unlike</i> + Morland, who, it is well known, loved to select his + companions from the lowest class of society. Although + Nasmyth obtained considerable sums for his pictures, he was + never sufficiently economical to save money; on the contrary + his private affairs were in a very deranged state. He was + never married, and during the last ten years of his life + resided at Lambeth.</p> + + <p>Towards the end of July, 1831, Mr. Nasmyth, accompanied by + two of his intimate acquaintances, made an excursion to Norwood + for the purpose of sketching. Much rain had fallen the day + before, and the air was still chilly; the artist, however, + commenced his drawing, and remained stationary for about two + hours, when, the sketch being finished, he rejoined the friends + whom he had left at an inn. He then complained of being + excessively cold, but on taking something warm his usual + spirits returned, and the party passed the rest of the day + pleasantly. On the following morning, however, Nasmyth felt + considerably indisposed, and it appeared evident he had taken a + violent cold. Notwithstanding medical assistance, his + indisposition daily increased; and on the 18th of August he + breathed his last, in the 46th year of his age.</p> + + <p>He died in extreme poverty, and a subscription to defray the + expenses of the funeral was raised among his friends. Wilson, + Stanfield, and Roberts subscribed, and followed the remains of + their late talented friend to the grave in St. Mary's + churchyard, Lambeth.</p> + + <h4>G.W.N.</h4> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h3>PORTRAIT OF CHRIST.</h3> + + <h4>(<i>To the Editor</i>.)</h4> + + <p>The document giving an account of Jesus Christ, which is + referred to by <i>Veritas</i>, in No. 533 of <i>The Mirror</i>, + has been long since known to be a glaring forgery. It is one of + many stories invented in the second, third, and fourth + centuries, by the early Christians; for a full account of whose + forgeries in such matters, you may consult Mosheim, Lardner, + Casaubon, and other ecclesiastical writers. The latter says, + "It mightily affects me to see how many there were in the + earliest times of the church, who considered it as a capital + exploit to lend to heavenly truth the help of their own + inventions, in order that the new doctrine might be more + readily allowed by the wise among the Gentiles. These officious + lies, they were wont to say, were devised for a good end. From + which source, beyond question, sprung <i>nearly innumerable</i> + books, which that and the following ages saw published by those + who were far from being bad men, under the name of the Lord + Jesus Christ, and of the Apostles, and of other + Saints."—<i>Lardner</i>, vol. iv. p. 524.</p> + + <p>Dr. Mosheim, among his excellent works, has published a + dissertation, showing the <i>reasons</i> and <i>causes</i> of + these supposed letters and writings respecting Christ, the + Apostles, &c., to which I would beg to recommend your + correspondent <i>Veritas</i>. JUSTUS.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>Notes of a Reader.</h2> + <hr /> + + <h3>DEATH OF JOHN HAMPDEN.</h3> + + <p>The last days of the patriot Hampden are thus graphically + told in the <i>Edinburgh Review</i> of Lord Nugent's recently + published "Memorials." We need scarcely observe, by way of + introduction, that Hampden fell in the great contest between + Charles and his parliament; and that when the appeal was to the + sword, Hampden accepted the command of a regiment in the + parliamentary army, under the Earl of Essex; the Royal forces + being headed by Prince Rupert.</p> + + <p>"In the early part of 1643, the shires lying in the + neighbourhood of London, which were devoted to the cause of the + Parliament, were incessantly annoyed by Rupert and his cavalry. + Essex had extended his lines so far, that almost every point + was vulnerable. The young prince, who, though not a great + general, was an active and enterprising partisan, frequently + surprised posts, burned villages, swept away cattle, and was + again at Oxford, before a force sufficient to encounter him + could be assembled.</p> + + <p>"The languid proceedings of Essex were loudly condemned by + the troops. All the ardent and daring spirits in the + parliamentary party were eager to have Hampden at their head. + Had his life been prolonged, there is every reason to believe + that the supreme command would have been entrusted to him. But + it was decreed that, at this conjuncture, England should lose + the only man who united perfect disinterestedness to eminent + talents—the only man who, being capable of gaining the + victory for her, was incapable of abusing that victory when + gained.</p> + + <p>"In the evening of the 17th of June, + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page141" + id="page141"></a>[pg 141]</span> Rupert darted out of Oxford + with his cavalry on a predatory expedition. At three in the + morning of the following day, he attacked and dispersed a + few parliamentary soldiers who were quartered at Postcombe. + He then flew to Chinnor, burned the village, killed or took + all the troops who were posted there, and prepared to hurry + back with his booty and his prisoners to Oxford.</p> + + <p>"Hampden had, on the preceding day, strongly represented to + Essex the danger to which this part of the line was exposed. As + soon as he received intelligence of Rupert's incursion, he sent + off a horseman with a message to the General. The cavaliers, he + said, could return only by Chiselhampton Bridge. A force ought + to be instantly dispatched in that direction, for the purpose + of intercepting them. In the meantime, he resolved to set out + with all the cavalry that he could muster, for the purpose of + impeding the march of the enemy till Essex could take measures + for cutting off their retreat. A considerable body of horse and + dragoons volunteered to follow him. He was not their commander. + He did not even belong to their branch of the service. But 'he + was,' says Lord Clarendon, 'second to none but the General + himself in the observance and application of all men.' On the + field of Chalgrove he came up with Rupert. A fierce skirmish + ensued. In the first charge, Hampden was struck in the shoulder + by two bullets, which broke the bone, and lodged in his body. + The troops of the Parliament lost heart and gave way. Rupert, + after pursuing them for a short time, hastened to cross the + bridge, and made his retreat unmolested to Oxford.</p> + + <p>"Hampden, with his head drooping, and his hands leaning on + his horse's neck, moved feebly out of the battle. The mansion + which had been inhabited by his father-in-law, and from which + in his youth he had carried home his bride, Elizabeth, was in + sight. There still remains an affecting tradition, that he + looked for a moment towards that beloved house, and made an + effort to go thither to die. But the enemy lay in that + direction. He turned his horse towards Thame, where he arrived + almost fainting with agony. The surgeons dressed his wounds. + But there was no hope. The pain which he suffered was most + excruciating. But he endured it with admirable firmness and + resignation. His first care was for his country. He wrote from + his bed several letters to London concerning public affairs, + and sent a last pressing message to the head-quarters, + recommending that the dispersed forces should be concentrated. + When his last public duties were performed, he calmly prepared + himself to die. He was attended by a clergyman of the Church of + England, with whom he had lived in habits of intimacy, and by + the chaplain of the Buckinghamshire Green-coats, Dr. Spurton, + whom Baxter describes as a famous and excellent divine.</p> + + <p>"A short time before his death, the sacrament was + administered to him. He declared that, though he disliked the + government of the Church of England, he yet agreed with that + Church as to all essential matters of doctrine. His intellect + remained unclouded. When all was nearly over, he lay murmuring + faint prayers for himself, and for the cause in which he died. + 'Lord Jesus,' he exclaimed, in the moment of the last agony, + 'receive my soul—O Lord, save my country—O Lord, be + merciful to—,' In that broken ejaculation passed away his + noble and fearless spirit.</p> + + <p>"He was buried in the parish church of Hampden. His + soldiers, bareheaded with reversed arms, and muffled drums, and + colours, escorted his body to the grave, singing, as they + marched, that lofty and melancholy psalm, in which the + fragility of human life is contrasted with the immutability of + Him, in whose sight a thousand years are but as yesterday when + it is passed, and as a watch in the night.</p> + + <p>"The news of Hampden's death produced as great a + consternation in his party, according to Clarendon, as if their + whole army had been cut off. The journals of the time amply + prove that the Parliament and all its friends were filled with + grief and dismay. Lord Nugent has quoted a remarkable passage + from the next <i>Weekly Intelligencer</i>. 'The loss of Colonel + Hampden goeth near the heart of every man that loves the good + of his king and country, and makes some conceive little content + to be at the army now that he is gone. The memory of this + deceased colonel is such, that in no age to come but it will + more and more be had in honour and esteem;—a man so + religious, and of that prudence, judgment, temper, valour, and + integrity, that he hath left few his like behind him,'</p> + + <p>"He had indeed left none his like behind him. There still + remained, indeed, in his party, many acute intellects, many + eloquent tongues, many brave and honest hearts. There still + remained a rugged and clownish soldier,—half-fanatic, + half-buffoon,—whose talents + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page142" + id="page142"></a>[pg 142]</span> discerned as yet only by + one penetrating eye, were equal to all the highest duties of + the soldier and the prince. But in Hampden, and in Hampden + alone, were united all the qualities which, at such a + crisis, were necessary to save the state,—the valour + and energy of Cromwell, the discernment and eloquence of + Vane, the humanity and moderation of Manchester, the stern + integrity of Hale, the ardent public spirit of Sidney. + Others might possess the qualities which were necessary to + save the popular party in the crisis of danger; he alone had + both the power and the inclination to restrain its excesses + in the hour of triumph. Others could conquer; he alone could + reconcile."</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>SNATCHES FROM EUGENE ARAM.</h2> + + <p><i>Love</i>.—What a beautiful fabric would be human + nature—what a divine guide would be human reason—if + Love were indeed the stratum of the one, and the inspiration of + the other.</p> + + <p><i>The Pathetic and Sublime</i>.—What a world of + reasonings, not immediately obvious, did the sage of old open + to our inquiry, when he said that the pathetic was the truest + source of the sublime.</p> + + <p><i>Fortune-telling by Gipsies</i>.—Very few men under + thirty ever sincerely refuse an offer of this sort. Nobody + believes in these predictions, yet every one likes hearing + them.</p> + + <p><i>Gardening</i>.—'Tis a winning thing, a garden! It + brings us an object every day; and that's what I think a man + ought to have if he wishes to lead a happy life.</p> + + <p><i>Knaresbro' Castle</i>.—You would be at some loss to + recognise now the truth of old Leland's description of that + once stout and gallant bulwark of the north, when "he numbrid + 11 or 12 toures in the walles of the Castel, and one very fayre + beside in the second area." In that castle, the four knightly + murderers of the haughty Becket (the Wolsey of his age) + remained for a whole year, defying the weak justice of the + times. There, too, the unfortunate Richard the + Second,—the Stuart of the Plantagenets—passed some + portion of his bitter imprisonment. And there, after the battle + of Marston Moor, waved the banner of the loyalists against the + soldiers of Lilburn. It was made yet more touchingly memorable + at that time, as you may have heard, by an instance of filial + piety. The town was straitened for want of provisions; a youth, + whose father was in the garrison, was accustomed nightly to get + into the deep, dry moat, climb up the glacis, and put + provisions through a hole, where the father stood ready to + receive them. He was perceived at length; the soldiers fired on + him. He was taken prisoner, and sentenced to be hanged in sight + of the besieged, in order to strike terror into those who might + be similarly disposed to render assistance to the garrison. + Fortunately, however, this disgrace was spared the memory of + Lilburne and the republican arms. With great difficulty, a + certain lady obtained his respite; and after the conquest of + the place, and the departure of the troops, the adventurous son + was released.... The castle then, once the residence of Pierce + Gaveston,—of Hubert III,—and of John of Gaunt, was + dismantled and destroyed. It is singular, by the way, that it + was twice captured by men of the name of Lilburn, or + Lilleburne, once in the reign of Edward II., once as I have + related. On looking over historical records, we are surprised + to find how often certain great names have been fatal to + certain spots; and this reminds me that we boast (at + Knaresbro',) the origin of the English Sibyl, the venerable + Mother Shipton. The wild rock, at whose foot she is said to + have been born, is worthy of the tradition.</p> + + <p><i>Consolation for the Loss of Children.</i>—Better + that the light cloud should fade away into Heaven with the + morning breath, than travail through the weary day to gather in + darkness, and end in storm!</p> + + <p><i>Bells before a Wedding.</i>—The bells were already + ringing loud and blithely; and the near vicinity of the church + to the house brought that sound, so inexpressibly buoyant and + cheering, to the ears of the bride, with a noisy merriment, + that seemed like the hearty voice of an old-fashioned friend + who seeks, in his greeting, rather cordiality than + discretion.</p> + + <p><i>The Murderer's Unction.</i>—Ay, all is safe! He + will not again return; the dead sleeps without a + witness.—I may lay this working brain upon the bosom that + loves me, and not start at night and think that the soft hand + around my neck is the hangman's gripe.</p> + + <p><i>Hogarth.</i>—Nothing makes a picture of distress + more sad than the portrait of some individual sitting + indifferently looking on in the back-ground. This was a secret + Hogarth knew well. Mark his death-bed scenes:—Poverty and + Vice worked up into Horror—and the + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page143" + id="page143"></a>[pg 143]</span> physicians in the corner + wrangling for the fee!—or the child playing with the + coffin—or the nurse filching what fortune, harsh, yet + less harsh than humanity, might have left.</p> + + <p><i>Change of Circumstance.</i>—In our estimate of the + ills of life, we never sufficiently take into consideration the + wonderful elasticity of our moral frame, the unlooked for, the + startling facility with which the human mind accommodates + itself to all change of circumstance, making an object and even + a joy from the hardest and seemingly the least redeemed + conditions of fate. The man who watched the spider in his cell, + may have taken, at least, as much interest in the watch, as + when engaged in the most ardent and ambitious objects of his + former life; and he was but a type of his brethren; all in + similar circumstances would have found similar occupation.</p> + + <p><i>Eternal Punishment.</i>—So wonderful in equalizing + all states and all times in the varying tide of life, are the + two rulers yet levellers of mankind, Hope and Custom, that the + very idea of an eternal punishment includes that of an utter + alteration of the whole mechanism of the soul in its human + state, and no effort of an imagination, assisted by past + experience, can conceive a state of torture, which custom can + <i>never</i> blunt, and from which the chainless and immaterial + spirit can <i>never</i> be beguiled into even a momentary + escape.</p> + + <p><i>Prison Solitude.</i>—I have been now so condemned + to feed upon myself, that I have become surfeited with the + diet.—<i>Aram</i>.</p> + + <p><i>Sensibility.</i>—We may triumph over all weaknesses + but that of the affections.</p> + + <p><i>Silence of Cities.</i>—The stillness of a city is + far more impressive than that of Nature; for the mind instantly + compares the present silence with the wonted uproar.</p> + + <p><i>Suspense.</i>—Of all the conditions to which the + heart is subject, suspense is the one that most gnaws, and + cankers into the frame. One little month of that suspense, when + it involves death, we are told, in a very remarkable work + lately published by an eye-witness,<a id="footnotetag7" + name="footnotetag7"></a><a href="#footnote7"><sup>7</sup></a> + is sufficient to plough fixed lines and furrows in a convict + of five-and-twenty—sufficient to dash the brown hair + with grey, and to bleach the grey to white.</p> + + <p><i>Consolation.</i>—Her high and starry nature could + comprehend those sublime inspirations of comfort, which lift us + from the lowest abyss of this world to the contemplation of all + that the yearning visions of mankind have painted in + another.</p> + + <p>It is a fearful thing to see <i>men</i> weep.</p> + + <p>We are seldom sadder without being also wiser men.</p> + + <p>What is more appalling than to find the signs of gaiety + accompanying the reality of anguish.</p> + + <p><i>Consolation.</i>—If we go at noon day to the bottom + of a deep pit,<a id="footnotetag8" + name="footnotetag8"></a><a href="#footnote8"><sup>8</sup></a> + we shall be able to see the stars which on the level ground + are invisible. Even so, from the depths of grief—worn, + wretched, seared, and dying—the blessed apparitions + and tokens of heaven make themselves visible to our + eyes.</p> + + <p><i>Progress of Crime.</i>—Mankind are not instantly + corrupted. Villany is always progressive. We decline from + right—not suddenly, but step after step.—<i>Aram's + Defence</i>.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>SKETCHES FROM THE TOUR OF A GERMAN PRINCE, VOL. III.</h2> + + <h3><i>Mrs. Fitzherbert.</i></h3> + + <p>"A very worthy and amiable woman, formerly, they say, + married to the King, but at present wholly without influence in + that quarter, but no less beloved and respected, <i>d'un + excellent ton et sans pretension</i>."</p> + + <h3><i>Her Majesty.</i></h3> + + <p>"The Duchess of Clarence honoured the feast with her + presence; and all pressed forward to see her, for she is one of + those rare Princesses whose personal qualities obtain for them + much more respect than their rank, and whose unceasing + benevolence and highly amiable character, have obtained for her + a popularity in England, of which we Germans may well be + proud—the more so, since in all probability she is + destined to be one day the Queen of that country."</p> + + <h3><i>The King.</i></h3> + + <p>"I had the honour of dining with the Duke of Clarence, where + I also met the Princess Augusta, the Duchess of Kent and her + daughter, and the Duchess of Gloucester. The Duke makes a most + friendly host, and is kind enough to retain a recollection of + the different times and places where he has before seen me. He + has much of the English national character, in the best sense + of the word, and also the English love of domestic arrangement. + The daughters of the Duke are <i>d'un beau sang</i>, all + extraordinarily handsome, though in different + <span class="pagenum"><a name="page144" + id="page144"></a>[pg 144]</span> styles of beauty. Among the + sons Colonel Fitzclarence is, in many respects, the most + distinguished. Rarely, indeed, do we meet with a young + officer of such various accomplishments."</p> + + <h3><i>The Duchess of St. A——.</i></h3> + + <p>"According to the earliest recollections or her Grace, she + found herself a forsaken, starving, frozen child, in an outshed + of an English village. She was taken thence by a gipsy-crew, + whom she afterwards left for a company of strolling players. In + this profession, she obtained some reputation by a pleasing + exterior, a constant flow of spirits, and a certain + originality—till by degrees she gained several friends, + who magnanimously provided for her wants. She long lived in + undisturbed connexion with the rich banker C——, + who, at length, married her, and, at his death, left her a + fortune of 70,000l. a year. By this colossal inheritance, she + afterwards became the wife of the Duke of St. A——, + the third English Duke in point of rank, and, what is a + somewhat singular coincident, the descendant of the well-known + actress Nell Gwynn, to whose charms the Duke is indebted for + his title, in much the same way (though a hundred years + earlier) as his wife is now for hers.</p> + + <p>"She is a very good sort of woman, who has no hesitation in + speaking of the past—on the contrary, is rather too + frequent in her reminiscences. Thus she entertained us the + whole evening, with various representations of her former + dramatic characters. The drollest part of the affair was, that + she had taught her husband, a very young man, thirty years + under her own age—to play the lover's part, which he did + badly enough. Malicious tongues were naturally very busy, and + the more so, as many of the recited passages gave room for the + most piquant applications."</p> + + <h3><i>Fortune-telling.</i></h3> + + <p>"I dined to-day with Lady F. Her husband was formerly + Governor in the Isle of France, and she had there purchased + from a negress, the pretended prophesying book of the Empress + Josephine, who is said to have read therein her future + greatness and fall, before she sailed for France. Lady F. + produced it at tea, and invited the company to question fate, + according to the prescribed forms. Now, listen to the answers, + which are really remarkable enough. Mrs. Rothschild was the + first—and she asked if her wishes would be fulfilled. + Answer: 'Weary not fate with wishes—one who has obtained + so much, may well be satisfied.' Next came Mr. Spring Rice, a + celebrated parliamentary speaker, and one of the most zealous + champions of the Catholic Question. He asked, whether on the + following day when the question was to be brought forward in + the upper house, it would pass. I should here remark, that it + is well known here that it will not pass—but that in all + probability in the next session it will. The laconic answer of + the book ran thus:—'You will have no success <i>this + time</i>.' They then made a young American lady ask if she + should soon be married. 'Not in this part of the world,' was + the answer."</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>The Gatherer.</h2> + + <p><i>Shakspeare and Garrick.</i>—At the opening dinner + of the Garrick Club, the company forgot to drink the Memory of + SHAKSPEARE; and the health of our living dramatists was only + proposed when the party had dwindled from 200 to 20! Where + would be the fame of Garrick but for Shakspeare.</p> + + <p>Talent has lately been liberally marked by royal favour. + Among the last batch of knights are Mr. Smirke, the architect; + Dr. Meyrick, the celebrated antiquarian scholar; and Col. + Trench.</p> + + <p>"<i>Passing Strange</i>."—The <i>Court Journal</i>, + speaking of the deputation of boys from Christ's Hospital at + the Drawing-room, says, "The number of boys appointed to attend + on this occasion is 40; but, owing to the indisposition of one + of them, there were <i>no more than 39 present</i>."</p> + + <p><i>Millinery Authorship.</i>—"We must acknowledge our + prejudice in favour of an opportunity for the display of that + most courtly of all materials, the train of Genoa velvet; where + (as Lord Francis Levison expresses it)</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Finger-deep the rich embroidery stiffens.</p> + + <p class="i10"><i>Court Journal.</i></p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>In a puff precipitate of a play, we are told that + M—— "is pleased <i>with his character</i>."</p> + <hr class="short" /> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Two cats were placed within a cage,</p> + + <p>And resolving to quarrel, got into a rage,</p> + + <p>They fought so clean, and fought so clever,</p> + + <p>The devil a bit was left of either.</p> + </div> + </div> + <hr class="full" /> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote1" + name="footnote1"></a> +<b>Footnote 1</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> +<p> How pleasingly + is the substance of these observations embodied in one + of our "Snatches from <i>Eugene Aram</i>:"—"It has + been observed, and there is a world of homely, ay, of + legislative wisdom in the observation, that wherever you + see a flower in a cottage garden, or a bird at the + window, you may feel sure that the cottagers are better + and wiser than their neighbours." Vol. i. p. 4. Yet with + what wretched taste is this morality sought to be + perverted in an abusive notice of Mr. Bulwer's <i>Eugene + Aram</i>, in a Magazine of the past month, by a + reference to Clark and Aram's stealing flower-roots from + gentlemen's gardens to add to the ornaments of their + own. The writer might as well have said that Clark and + Aram were fair specimens of the whole human race, or + that every gay flower in a cottage garden has been so + stolen.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote2" + name="footnote2"></a> +<b>Footnote 2</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a><p>Gardeners' + Magazine, No. XXXIII. August, 1831.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote3" + name="footnote3"></a> +<b>Footnote 3</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a><p>Family Library, + No. XXVII.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote4" + name="footnote4"></a> +<b>Footnote 4</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a><p>By M.M. + Concanen, jun. and A. Morgan.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote5" + name="footnote5"></a> +<b>Footnote 5</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"On doors the sallow milk maid chalks her + gains.</p> + + <p>Oh! how unlike the milk-maid of the plains!"</p> + </div> + </div> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote6" + name="footnote6"></a> +<b>Footnote 6</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a><p>They say that no + town in Europe is without a Scotchman for an inhabitant. + This trade in London is generally professed by North + Britons, and it is always a cause of alarm to a stranger + if he notices the enormous column of black smoke which + is emitted from their premises at the dawn, of the + morning.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote7" + name="footnote7"></a> +<b>Footnote 7</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag7">(return)</a><p>Wakefield on + "The Punishment of Death."</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote8" + name="footnote8"></a> +<b>Footnote 8</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag8">(return)</a><p>The remark is in + Aristotle. Buffon quotes it in, I think, the first + volume of his great work.</p> + </blockquote> + <hr class="full" /> + + <p><i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near + Somerset House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New + Market, Leipsic; G.G. BENNIS, 55, Rue Neuve, St. Augustin, + Paris; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers.</i></p> +<hr class="full" /> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11540 ***</div> +</body> +</html> |