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diff --git a/old/11518.txt b/old/11518.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..423db78 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/11518.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1954 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction + Vol. 14, Issue 387, August 28, 1829 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 8, 2004 [EBook #11518] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 387 *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Allen Siddle, David King, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team + + + + + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION + +VOL. XIV. NO. 387.] SATURDAY, AUGUST 29, 1829. [PRICE 2_d_. + + + +CONSTANTINOPLE. + + +[Illustration: CONSTANTINOPLE] + + "Queen of the Morn! Sultana of the East!" + +The splendour and extent of Constantinople are not within the compass of +one of our pages; but the annexed Engraving furnishes some idea of a +section of this queen of cities. It extends from Seraglio Point to the +Janissaries' Tower, and though commanding only a portion of the city, +includes the domes of the magnificent mosques of Santa Sophia and the +Sultan Achmet, which rise from a vast assemblage of towers, palaces, +minarets, &c. in every style of architecture. + +We have so often and so recently touched upon the ancient and modern state +of Constantinople, that we fear a recapitulation of its splendour would be +uninviting to our readers.[1] Nevertheless, as its mention is so +frequently coupled with the seat of war, and the "expulsion of the Turks +from Europe," our illustration will at this period be interesting, as well +as in some measure, explanatory of the position of the city, which is so +advantageous as to make it appear fit for the seat of dominion over the +whole world. Can we then be surprised at its forming so tempting a lure to +surrounding nations? + +The city stands at the eastern extremity of Romania, on a neck of land +that advances towards Natolia; on the south it is washed by the sea of +Marmora, and on the north-east by the gulf of the Golden Horn. It is built, +like ancient Rome, on seven hills, rising one above the other in beautiful +succession, and sloping gently towards the water; the whole forming an +irregular triangle, about twelve miles in circumference, the entire of +which space is closely covered with palaces, mosques, baths, fountains, +and houses; at a short distance the proudly swelling domes of 300 mosques, +the tall and elegant minarets, crowned by glittering crescents, the +ancient towers on the walls, and the gaudily coloured kiosks and houses +rising above the stupendous trees in the seraglio, situated on the extreme +point, form a rich, picturesque, and extraordinary scene. The gulf of the +Golden Horn, to the north-east of the city, forms a noble and capacious +harbour, four miles in length, by half a mile in breadth, capable of +securely containing 1,200 ships of the largest size, and is generally +filled with the curiously built vessels and gaily decorated boats of the +Turks; on the opposite shore is the maritime town of Galata, containing +the docks, arsenals, cannon founderies, barracks, &c.; above which stands +the populous suburb of Pera, the residence of the foreign ministers of the +Porte, and all foreigners of distinction, none whatever being allowed to +reside in the city. Beyond, as far as the eye can reach, is an immense +forest of cypress and mulberry trees, being the extensive cemeteries of +all persuasions. From Galata, the European shore of the Bosphorus forms +one continued line of towns; palaces in every style of architecture, +pleasure gardens, and romantic villages. On the opposite, or Asiatic shore, +stands the extensive town of Scutari, also a suburb of Constantinople, +although in another quarter of the globe, and separated by a sea a mile in +breadth; and at a short distance is the ancient and ruinous city of +Calcedone. The group of the Prince's Islands, in the Sea of Marmora, and +the snow-clad summit of Mount Olympus, close the prospect. Such is a mere +outline of the natural and artificial beauty of Constantinople. + +The city itself is surrounded by walls, built of freestone, with alternate +layers of Roman brick, flanked by 478 towers; the walls, however, are in +several places so dilapidated as to be incapable of any defence without +great reparation. On the land side, the fortifications consist of a triple +wall, with towers at every 150 yards; the first wall being 30 feet in +height; the second 20, and about 30 feet from the first; the third is +twelve feet in height; beyond this is a fosse, thirty feet wide, now +converted into gardens, and filled with fine grown trees, and a low +counterscarp. There are five gates on this side, and several to the water. +The streets, of which there are 3,770, with the exception of two or three, +are narrow, irregular, badly paved, and exceedingly dirty, the only +scavengers being vultures and half-starved dogs. There are fourteen +imperial mosques, about 200 others, and above that number of messjids or +chapels. The number of houses is prodigious; in 1796, the register of +Effendissy gave 88,185 within the walls; they are mostly constructed of +wood, and the dwellings of the lower classes are mere wooden boxes, cool +in summer, the windows being unglazed, and in winter heated by pans of +charcoal. Fires are consequently very frequent. The khans, or warehouses +of the merchants are, however, fireproof; the bazaars are also defended +from fire, and are well built; and coffeehouses very numerous. The city is +amply supplied with water, there being 730 public baths, a superb fountain +in the Chinese taste in every street, and few houses without similar +provision. The population of the city and suburbs is estimated at upwards +of 600,000; of these above one half are Turks, the remainder Jews, Franks, +Greeks, &c. + +We have only space to particularize a few of the most prominent buildings +in our view. To the left is the Seraglio Point, or superb palace of the +Sultan, whose treasures almost realize the fables of romance. Next is the +superb dome of the Mosque of the Sultan Achmet, without exception the +finest building ever raised by the Turks. It is surrounded by a lofty +colonnade of marble, of various colours, surmounted by 30 small domes: the +large dome is supported by four gigantic piers, covered as well as most of +the interior, with fresco paintings; it is rich in columns of verd antique, +Egyptian granite, and white marble; there are also four smaller domes, +similarly ornamented. Next, near the centre of the Engraving is the Mosque +of Santa Sophia, a truly superb and perfect monument of antiquity, built +at an expense of 320,000 pounds of silver, (some authors say gold.[2]) +Next in importance are the Mosques of the Sultans Osmyn, Bajazet, and +Selim; and the Gulf of the Golden Horn, or the Harbour. + +Among the suburbs of Constantinople, Scutari is not the least interesting, +inasmuch as it leads us to notice the funereal customs of the Turks, and +their cemeteries, of which Scutari is the principal site. + +Interment almost immediately follows upon the decease of the person; a +practice common to all classes at Constantinople. The corpse is carried to +the grave on a bier by the friends of the deceased: this is considered as +a religious duty, it being declared in the Koran, that he who carries a +dead body the space of forty paces, procures for himself the expiation of +a great sin.[3] The graves are shallow, and thin boards only, laid over +the corpse, protect it from the immediate pressure of the earth, which is +set with flowers, according to the custom of the Pythagoreans, and a +cypress tree is planted near every new grave. As a grave is never opened a +second time, a vast tract of country is occupied with these burial-fields, +which add by no means to the salubrity of the vicinity. Much is gained, +unquestionably, as regards the health of the inhabitants, by burying +without the cities; but the shallowness of the graves contributes to +render these vast accumulations of animal dust, at certain seasons more +especially, a source of pestilential miasmata. The cemeteries near Scutari +are immense, owing to the predilection which the Turks of Europe preserve +for being buried in Asia--that quarter of the world in which are situated +the holy cities, Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem, and Damascus. The author of +Anastasius gives the following vivid description of this extraordinary +spot:-- + +"A dense and motionless cloud of stagnant vapours ever shrouds these +dreary realms. From afar, a chilling sensation informs the traveller that +he approaches their dark and dismal precincts; and as he enters them, an +icy blast, rising from their inmost bosom, rushes forth to meet his breath, +suddenly strikes his chest, and seems to oppose his progress. His very +horse snuffs up the deadly effluvia with signs of manifest terror, and, +exhaling a cold and clammy sweat, advances reluctantly over a hollow +ground, which shakes as he treads it, and loudly re-echoes his slow and +fearful step. So long and so busily has time been at work to fill this +chosen spot--so repeatedly has Constantinople poured into this ultimate +receptacle almost its whole contents--that the capital of the living, +spite of its immense population, scarcely counts a single breathing +inhabitant for every ten silent inmates of this city of the dead. Already +do its fields of blooming sepulchres stretch far away on every side, +across the brow of the hills and the bend of the valleys; already are the +avenues which cross each other at every step in this domain of death, so +lengthened, that the weary stranger, from whatever point he comes, still +finds before him many a dreary mile of road between marshalled tombs and +mournful cypresses, ere he reaches his journey's seemingly receding end; +and yet, every year does this common patrimony of all the heirs to decay, +still exhibit a rapidly increasing size, a fresh and wider line of +boundary, and a new belt of young plantations, growing up between new +flower beds of graves. + +"There, said I to myself, lie, scarcely one foot beneath the surface of a +swelling soil, ready to burst at every point with its festering contents, +more than half the generations whom death has continued to mow down for +nearly four centuries in the vast capital of Islamism. There lie, side by +side, on the same level, in cells the size of their bodies, and only +distinguished by a marble turban somewhat longer or deeper--somewhat +rounder or squarer--personages, in life, far as heaven and earth asunder, +in birth, in station, in gifts of nature, and in long laboured +acquirements. There lie, sunk alike in their last sleep--alike food for +the worm that lives on death--the conqueror who filled the universe with +his name, and the peasant scarcely known in his own hamlet; Sultan Mahmoud, +and Sultan Mahmoud's perhaps more deserving horse;[4] elders bending under +the weight of years, and infants of a single hour; men with intellects of +angels, and men with understandings inferior to those of brutes; the +beauty of Georgia and the black of Sennaar; visiers, beggars, heroes, and +women.'" + + +The approach to Constantinople from the sea of Marmora is likewise thus +beautifully described by the same author, and will form an appropriate +conclusion: + +"With eyes rivetted on the expanding splendour, I watched as they came out +of the bosom of the surrounding waters, the pointed minarets, the swelling +cupolas, and the innumerable habitations, either stretching along the +jagged shore, and reflecting their shape in the mirror of the deep, or +creeping up the crested mountain, and tracing their outline on the expanse +of the sky. At first agglomerated in a single confused mass, the lesser +part of this immense whole seemed, as we advanced, by degrees to unfold, to +disengage themselves from each other, and to grow into various groups, +divided by wide chasms and deep indentures; until at last the clusters, +thus far still distantly connected, became transformed, as if by magic, +into three distinct cities, each individually of prodigious extent, and +each separated from the other two by a wide arm of that sea whose silver +tide encompassed their base, and made its vast circuit rest half on Europe, +and half on Asia." + +Since writing the above we have visited Mr. Burford's _New Panorama of +Constantinople_, which has lately been opened for exhibition in the +Strand; and although we cannot in this Number enter into the detail of its +merits, we recommend it to our lionizing friends as one of Mr. Burford's +most finished paintings, and equal if not superior in effect to any +exhibition in the metropolis; but we reserve an account of its pictorial +beauties for our next publication. + + +[1] See "Sailing round Constantinople," MIRROR, vol. x. p. 278. Engraving + and Description of the Castle of the Seven Towers, ibid, vol. x. + p. 361. Extent of Constantinople, vol. xi. p. 298. Lines on + Constantinople, vol. xii. p. 58. Taking of the City by the Turks, vol. + xii. p. 274. + +[2] For an Engraving and full description of the Mosque of Santa Sophia, + see the MIRROR, vol. ii. p.p. 473, 486. + +[3] Mr. Hobhouse has pointed out some remarkable points of similarity + between the funereal customs of the Greeks and those of the Irish; in + particular, the howling lament, the interrogating the corpse, "Why did + you die?" and the wake and feast. "But a more singular resemblance," + he adds, "is that which is to be remarked between a Mahommedan and an + Irish opinion relative to the same ceremony. When a dead Mussulman is + carried on his plank towards the cemetery, the devout Turk runs from + his house as the procession passes his door, for a short distance + relieves one of the bearers of the body, and then gives up his place + to another, who hastens to perform the same charitable and holy office. + No one who has been in Ireland, but must have seen the peasants leave + their cottages or their work, to give a temporary assistance to those + employed in bearing the dead to the grave an exertion by which they + approach so many steps nearer to Paradise." + +[4] "Sultan Mahmoud's horse was actually interred in the cemetery of + Scutari, under a dome supported by eight pillars." + + * * * * * + + +TWO SONNETS. + +_To M---- F----_. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +I. + + I met thee, ----, when the leaves were green, + And living verdure clothed the countless trees; + When meadow flowers allured the summer bees, + And silvery skies shone o'er the cloudless scene, + Bright as my thoughts when wand'ring to thy home; + Where Nature looks _as though she were divine_, + Not in the richness of the rip'ning vine, + Not in the splendour of imperial Rome. + It is a ruder scene of rocks and trees, + Where even barrenness is beauty--where + The glassy lake, below the mountain bare, + Curls up its waters 'neath the casual breeze; + And, 'midst the plenitude of flower and bud, + Sweet violets hide them in the hilly wood. + +II. + + I parted with thee one autumnal day, + When o'er the woods the northern tempest beat-- + The spoils of autumn rustling at our feet, + And Nature wept to see her own decay. + The pliant poplar bent beneath the blast; + The moveless oak stood warring with the storm, + Which bow'd the pensive willow's weaker form; + And naught gave token that thy love would last, + Save the mute eloquence of forcing tears; + Save the low pleading of thy ardent sighs, + The fervent gazing of thy glowing eyes; + A firm assurance, spite of all my fears, + That, as the sunshine dries the summer rain, + Thy _future_ smile should bless for parting pain. + +* * H. + + * * * * * + + +ILLUSTRATION OF SOME OLD PROVERBS, &c. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +_"Ax." To ask_. This word which now passes for a mere vulgarism, is the +original Saxon form, and used by Chaucer and others. See "Tyrwhitt's +Glossary." We find it also in Bishop Bale's "God's Promises." "That their +synne vengeaunce _axed_ continually." Old Plays. i. 18. Also in the "Four +P.'s," by Heywood, "And _axed_ them thys question than." Old Pl. i. 84. An +_axing_ is used by Chaucer for a request. Ben Jonson introduces it +jocularly: + + "A man out of wax, + As a lady would ax." + + _Masques_, vol. 6, p. 85. + +"_Between the Cup and the Lip_." The proverb that many things fall out +between the cup and the lip, is a literal version of one in Latin. _Multo +inter pocula ac libra cadunt_. The origin of which was as follows:--A king +of Thrace had planted a vineyard, when one of his slaves, whom he had much +oppressed in that very work, prophesied that he should never taste of the +wine produced in it. The monarch disregarded the prediction, and when at +an entertainment he held a glassful of his own wine made from the grape of +that vineyard, he sent for the slave, and asked him what he thought of his +prophecy now; to which the other replied, "Many things fall out between +the cup and the lip," and he had scarcely delivered this singular response, +before news was brought that a monstrous boar was laying waste the +favourite vineyard. The king, in a rage, put down the cup which he held in +his hand, and hurried out with his people to attack the boar; but being +too eager, the boar rushed upon him and killed him, without having tasted +of the wine. Such is the story related by some of the Greek writers, and +though evidently apocryphal, it certainly is productive of a good +practical moral. + +"_In the merry pin_." This is said of those who have drunk freely and are +cheerful in their cups. Among the ancient northern nations, it was +customary to drink out of large horns, in which were placed small pins, +like a scale of distances, and he who quaffed most was considered as a +toper of the first magnitude, and respected accordingly. The merry pin was +that which stood pretty far from the mouth of the horn, and he who, at a +draught, reduced the liquor to that point, was a man of no ordinary +prowess in bacchanalian contest. + +"_Under the Rose be it spoken_." The rose being dedicated by Cupid to +Harpocrates, the god of Silence, to engage him to conceal the amours of +Venus, was an emblem of Silence; whence to present it or hold it up to any +person in discourse, served instead of an admonition, that it was time for +him to hold his peace; and in entertaining rooms it was customary to place +a rose above the table, to signify that what was there spoken should be +kept private. This practice is described by the following epigram:-- + + Est rosa flos, Veneris cujus quo facta laterunt, + Harpocrati matri dona dicavit Amor, + Inde rosam mensis hospes suspendit amicis + Convivii et sub ea dicta tacenda sciat. + + _Potter's Ant. Greece_. + +"_Cant_." This word, which is now generally applied to fanatical preachers, +and hypocritical apprentices in religion, derives its name from two Scotch +Presbyterian ministers, in the reign of Charles II. They were father and +son, both called Andrew Cant; and Whitelocke in his "Memoirs," p. 511, +after narrating the defeat at Worcester, in 1651, says, "Divers Scotch +ministers were permitted to meet at Edinburgh, to keep a day of +humiliation, as they pretended, for their too much compliance with the +King," and in the same month when Lord Argyll had called a parliament, Mr. +Andrew Cant, a minister, said in his pulpit, that "God was bound to hold +this parliament, for that all other parliaments was called by man, but +this was brought about by his own hand." + +"_An't please the Pigs_." In this phrase there is not only a peculiarity +of dialect, but the corruption of a word, and a change of one thing for +another. In the first place, _an_, in the midland counties, is used for if; +and pigs is evidently a corruption of Pyx, the sacred vessel containing +the host in Roman Catholic countries. In the last place, the vessel is +substituted for the power itself, by an easy metonymy in the same manner +as when we talk of "the sense of the house," we do not mean to ascribe +intelligence to a material building; but to the persons in it assembled +for a deliberate purpose; the expression therefore signifies no more than +"_Deo volente_," or God willing. + +"_Bumper_." In many parts of England any thing large is called a bumper. +Hence a bumping lass is a large girl of her age, and a bumpkin is a +large-limbed, uncivilized rustic; the idea of grossness of size entering +into the idea of a country bumpkin, as well as that of unpolished rudeness. +Dr. Johnson, however, strangely enough deduces the word bumpkin from bump; +but what if it should prove to be a corruption of bumbard, or bombard: in +low Latin, bombardus, a great gun, and from thence applied to a large +flagon, or full glass. Thus the Lord Chamberlain says to the porters who +had been negligent in keeping out the mob. + + "You are lazy knaves: + And here ye lie, baiting of bombard, when + Ye should do service." + + _Shaks. Hen_. VIII. _Act_ 5, _Scene_ 3. + +"Baiting of bombard" is a term for sitting and drinking, which Nash in his +"Supplycacyon to the Deuyll," calls by the like metaphor, "bear baiting." +So Shakspeare again in the "Tempest," says, + + "Yond same black cloud, yond huge one, + Seems like foul bombard, that would shed his liquor." + + _Tempest, Act_ 2, _Scene_ 2. + +Which Theobald rightly explains thus: "A large vessel for holding drink, +as well as the piece of ordinance so called." + +"_Latter Lammas_." Lammas day is the first day of August, so called quasi, +Lamb-mass, on which day the tenants that hold lands of the Cathedral of +York, which is dedicated to St. Peter, ad Vincula, were bound by that +tenure to bring a living lamb into the church at high mass.--_Cornell's +Interpreter_. Lammas day was always a great day of account, for in the +payment of rents our ancestors distributed the year into four quarters, +ending at Candlemas, Whitsuntide, Lammas, and Martinmas, and this was as +common as the present divisions of Lady day, Midsummer, Michaelmas, and +Christmas. In regard to Lammas, in addition to its being one of the days +of reckoning, it appears from the Confessor's laws, that it was the +specific day whereon the Peter-pence, a tax very rigorously executed, and +the punctual payment of which was enforced under a severe penalty, was +paid. In this view then, Lammas stands as a day of account, and Latter +Lammas will consequently signify the day of doom, which in effect, as to +all payments of money, or worldly transactions in money, is never. Latter +here is used for last, or the comparative for the superlative, just as it +is in a like case in our version of the book of Job, "I know that my +redeemer liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the earth," +meaning of course the last day, or the end of the world. That the last day, +or Latter Lammas, as to all temporal affairs is never, may be illustrated +by the following story:--A man at confession owned his having stolen a sow +and pigs; the father confessor exhorted him to make restitution. The +penitent said some were sold, and some were killed, but the priest not +satisfied with this excuse, told him they would appear against him at the +day of judgment if he did not make restitution to the owner, upon which +the man replied, "Well, I'll return them to him then." + +"_Lydford Law_." In Devonshire and Cornwall this saying is common: + + "First hang and draw, + Then hear the cause by Lydford Law." + +Sometimes it is expressed in this manner; "Lydford Law, by which they hang +men first, and try them afterwards." Lydford was formerly a town of note, +but now an inconsiderable village on the borders of Dartmoor, not far from +Tavistock. It is famous for a ruined castle, under which is a dungeon that +used to be a prison for the confinement of persons who offended against +the Stannary Courts of Tavistock, Ashburton, Chapford, and Plimpton. These +Stannary Courts were erected by a charter of Edward III. for the purpose +of regulating the affairs of the tin mines in Devonshire, and of +determining causes among the tinners, whether criminal, or actions for +debt. The proceedings were very summary, and the prison horribly offensive. +Near Lydford is a famous waterfall, and a most romantic view down the +river Lyd; over which is a curious bridge built with one arch. The parish +is the largest in the kingdom, including the whole Forest of Dartmoor. +William Browne of Tavistock, and the author of _Britannia's Pastorals_, +gives a humorous description of Lydford in the reign of James I. + + * * * * * + + + +THE CONTEMPORARY TRAVELLER. + + +JOURNEY IN SEARCH OF THE RED INDIANS OF NEWFOUNDLAND. + + +In the island of Newfoundland, an institution has been formed for opening +a communication with, and promoting the civilization of, the Red Indians; +and procuring, if possible, an authentic history of that unhappy race of +people, in order that their language, customs, and pursuits, may be +contrasted with those of other tribes of Indians and nations. The interior +of the island is less known than any other British possessions abroad; +but, from the exertions of the above Society, more information has been +collected concerning the natives, than has been obtained during the two +centuries and a half in which Newfoundland has been in possession of +Europeans. The last journey was undertaken by W.E. Cormack, Esq., +president of the Society. His report has appeared in a recent Number of +the _Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal_, and will, we are persuaded, be +interesting to our readers: + +"My party," says Mr. Cormack, "consisted of three Indians, whom I procured +from among the other different tribes, viz. an intelligent and able man of +the Abenakie tribe, from Canada; an elderly Mountaineer from Labrador; and +an adventurous young Micmack, a native of this island, together with +myself. It was my intention to have commenced our search at White Bay, +which is nearer the northern extremity of the island than where we did, +and to have travelled southward. But the weather not permitting to carry +my party thither by water, after several days' delay, I unwillingly +changed my line of route. + +"On the 31st of October, 1828, last, we entered the country at the mouth +of the River Exploits, on the north side, at what is called the Northern +Arm. We took a north-westerly direction, to lead us to Hall's Bay, which +place we reached through an almost uninterrupted forest, over a hilly +country, in eight days. This tract comprehends the country interior from +New Bay, Badger Bay, Seal Bay, &c.; these being minor bays, included in +Green or Notre Dame Bay, at the north-east part of the island, and well +known to have been always heretofore the summer residence of the Red +Indians. + +"On the fourth day after our departure, at the east end of Badger +Bay-Great Lake, at a _portage_ known by the name of the Indian Path, we +found traces made by the Red Indians, evidently in the spring or summer of +the preceding year. Their party had had two canoes; and here was a +_canoe-rest_, on which the daubs of red ochre, and the roots of trees used +to fasten or tie it together appeared fresh. A canoe-rest, is simply a few +beams supported horizontally about five feet from the ground, by +perpendicular posts. A party with two canoes, when descending from the +interior to the sea-coast, through such a part of the country as this, +where there are troublesome portages, leave one canoe resting, bottom up, +on this kind of frame, to protect it from injury by the weather, until +their return. Among other things which lay strewed about here, were a +spearshaft, eight feet in length, recently made and ochred; parts of old +canoes, fragments of their skin-dresses, &c. For some distance around, the +trunks of many of the birch, and of that species of spruce pine called +here the Var (_Pinus balsamifera_) had been rinded; these people using the +inner part of the bark of that kind of tree for food. Some of the cuts in +the trees with the axe, were evidently made the preceding year. Besides +these, we were elated by other encouraging signs. The traces left by the +Red Indians are so peculiar, that we were confident those we saw here were +made by them. + +"This spot has been a favourite place of settlement with these people. It +is situated at the commencement of a _portage_, which forms a +communication by a path between the sea-coast at Badger Bay, about eight +miles to the north-east, and a chain of lakes extending westerly and +southerly from hence, and discharging themselves by a rivulet into the +River Exploits, about thirty miles from its mouth. A path also leads from +this place to the lakes, near New Bay, to the eastward. Here are the +remains of one of their villages, where the vestiges of eight or ten +winter _mamatecks_, or wigwams, each intended to contain from six to +eighteen or twenty people, are distinctly seen close together. Besides +these, there are the remains of a number of summer wigwams. Every winter +wigwam has close by it a small square-mouthed or oblong pit, dug into the +earth, about four feet deep, to preserve their stores, &c. in. Some of +these pits were lined with birch rind. We discovered also in this village +the remains of a vapour-bath. The method used by the Boeothicks to raise +the steam, was by pouring water on large stones made very hot for the +purpose, in the open air, by burning a quantity of wood around them; after +this process, the ashes were removed, and a hemispherical framework +closely covered with skins, to exclude the external air, was fixed over +the stones. The patient then crept in under the skins, taking with him a +birch-rind bucket of water, and a small bark-dish to dip it out, which, by +pouring on the stones, enabled him to raise the steam at pleasure.[5] + +"At Hall's Bay we got no useful information, from the three (and the only) +English families settled there. Indeed we could hardly have expected any; +for these, and such people, have been the unchecked and ruthless +destroyers of the tribe, the remnant of which we were in search of. After +sleeping one night in a _house_, we again struck into the country to the +westward. + +"In five days we were on the high lands south of White Bay, and in sight +of the high lands east of the Bay of Islands, on the west coast of +Newfoundland. The country south and west of us was low and flat, +consisting of marshes, extending in a southerly direction more than thirty +miles. In this direction lies the famous Red Indians' Lake. It was now +near the middle of November, and the winter had commenced pretty severely +in the interior. The country was every where covered with snow, and, for +some days past, we had walked over the small ponds on the ice. The summits +of the hills on which we stood had snow on them, in some places, many feet +deep. The deer were migrating from the rugged and dreary mountains in the +north, to the low mossy barren, and more woody parts in the south; and we +inferred, that if any of the Red Indians had been at White Bay during the +past summer, they might be at that time stationed about the borders of the +low tract of country before us, at the _deer-passes_, or were employed +somewhere else in the interior, killing deer for winter provision. At +these passes, which are particular places in the migration lines of path, +such as the extreme ends of, and straights in, many of the large lakes-- +the foot of valleys between high and rugged mountains--fords in the large +rivers, and the like---the Indians kill great numbers of deer with very +little trouble, during their migrations. We looked out for two days from +the summits of the hills adjacent, trying to discover the smoke from the +camps of the Red Indians; but in vain. These hills command a very +extensive view of the country in every direction. + +"We now determined to proceed towards the Red Indians' Lake, sanguine that, +at that known rendezvous, we could find the objects of our search. + +"In about ten days we got a glimpse of this beautifully majestic and +splendid sheet of water. The ravages of fire, which we saw in the woods +for the last two days, indicated that man had been near. We looked down on +the lake, from the hills at the northern extremity, with feelings of +anxiety and admiration:--No canoe could be discovered moving on its placid +surface, in the distance. We were the first Europeans who had seen it in +an unfrozen state, for the three former parties who had visited it before, +were here in the winter, when its waters were frozen and covered over with +snow. They had reached it from below, by way of the River Exploits, on the +ice. We approached the lake with hope and caution; but found to our +mortification that the Red Indians had deserted it for some years past. My +party had been so excited, so sanguine, and so determined to obtain an +interview of some kind with these people, that, on discovering from +appearances every where around us, that the Red Indians--the terror of the +Europeans as well as the other Indian inhabitants of Newfoundland--no +longer existed, the spirits of one and all of us were very deeply affected. +The old mountaineer was particularly overcome. There were every where +indications, that this had long been the central and undisturbed +rendezvous of the tribe, when they had enjoyed peace and security. But +these primitive people had abandoned it, after having been tormented by +parties of Europeans during the last eighteen years. Fatal rencounters had +on these occasions unfortunately taken place." + +(_To be concluded in our next_.) + + +[5] Since my return, I learn from the captive Red Indian woman + _Shawnawdithit_, that the vapour-bath is chiefly used by old people, + and for rheumatic affections. + + _Shawnawdithit_ is the survivor of three Red Indian females, who were + taken by, or rather who gave themselves up, exhausted with hunger, to + some English furriers, about five years ago, in Notre Dame Bay. She is + the only one of that tribe in the hands of the English, and the only + one that has ever lived so long among them. + + * * * * * + + + +THE SELECTOR, AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_. + + +AN HONOURABLE "INDEPENDENT" FAMILY. + + +The Honourable Mister Augustus Headerton, who lived once in yonder villa, +was the youngest of eleven children, and consequently the junior brother +of the noble Lord of Headerton, nephew of the Honourable Justice +Cleaveland, nephew of Admiral Barrymore, K.C.B., &c. &c. &c.; and cousin +first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, or seventh remove--to all the +honourables and dishonourables in the country. + +When the old earl died, he left four Chancery suits, and a nominal estate +to the heir apparent, to whom he also bequeathed his three younger +brothers and sisters, who had only small annuities from their mother's +fortune, being assured that (to use his own words), "he might _depend_ on +him for the honour of the family, to provide for them handsomely." And so +he did (in his own estimation); his lady sisters had "the run of the +house," and Mr. Augustus Headerton had the run of the stables, the use of +hunters and dogs, and was universally acknowledged to possess "a proper +spirit," because he spent three times more than his income. "He bates the +world and all, for beauty, in a hunting jacket," exclaimed the groom. "He +flies a gate beyant any living sowl I iver seed, and his tallyho, my +jewel--'twould do y'er heart good to hear his tallyho!" said my lord's +huntsman. "He's a generous jontleman as any in the kingdom--I'll say that +for him, any day in the year," echoed the coachman. "He's admired more nor +any jintleman as walks Steven's Green in a month o' Sundays, I'll go bail," +continued Miss Jenny Roe, the ladies' maid. + +"Choose a profession!" Oh! no; impossible. An Irish gentleman choose a +profession! But the Honourable Mr. Augustus Headerton chose a wife, and +threw all his relations, including Lord Headerton, the Honourable Justice +Cleaveland, Admiral Barrymore, K.C.B., and his cousins to the fiftieth +remove, into strong convulsions, or little fits. She, the lady, had sixty +thousand pounds; that, of course, they could not object to. She had eloped +with the Honourable Mr. Augustus Headerton;--mere youthful indiscretion. +She was little and ugly;--that only concerned her husband. She was proud +and extravagant;--those (they said) were lady-like failings. She was +ignorant and stupid;--her sisters-in-law would have pardoned that. She was +vulgar;--that was awkward. Her father was a carcass butcher in Cole's Lane +market--death and destruction! + +It could never be forgiven! the cut direct was unanimously agreed on, and +the little lady turned up her little nose in disdain, as her handsome +barouche rolled past the lumbering carriage of the Right Honourable Lord +Headerton. She persuaded her husband to purchase that beautiful villa, in +view of the family domain, that she might have more frequent opportunities +of bringing, as she elegantly expressed it, "the proud beggars to their +trumps;--and why not?--money's money, all the world over." The Honourable +Mister Augustus _depended_ on his agent for the purchase, and some two +thousand and odd pounds were consequently paid, or said to have been paid, +for it, more than its value. And then commenced the general warfare; full +purse and empty head--_versus_ no purse, and old nobility. They had the +satisfaction of ruining each other--the full purse was emptied by +devouring duns, and the old nobility suffered by its connexion with +vulgarity. + +"I want to know, Honourable Mister Augustus Headerton"--(the lady always +gave the full name when addressing her husband; she used to say it was all +she got for her money),--"I want to know, Honourable Mister Augustus +Headerton, the reason why the music master's lessons, given to the Misses +Headerton (they were blessed with seven sweet pledges of affection), have +not been paid for? I desired the steward to see to it, and you know I +_depend_ on him to settle these matters." + +The Honourable Mrs. Augustus Headerton rang the bell--"Send Martin up." + +"Mister Martin," the lady began, "what is the reason that Mr. Langi's +account has not been paid?" + +"My master, ma'am knows that I have been anxious for him to look over the +accounts; the goings-out are so very great, and the comings-in, as far as +I know"--The Honourable Mister Augustus Headerton spilt some of the +whiskey-punch he was drinking, over a splendid hearth-rug, which drew the +lady's attention from what would have been an unpleasant _eclaircissement_. + +"I cannot understand why difficulties should arise. I am certain I brought +a fortune large enough for all extravagance," was the lady's constant +remark when expenditure was mentioned. Years pass over the heads of the +young--and they grow old; and over the heads of fools--but they never grow +wise. + +The Honourable Mister and Mistress Augustus Headerton were examples of +this truth;--their children grew up around them--but could derive no +support from their parent root. The mother had _depended_ on governesses +and masters for the education of her girls--and on their beauty, +connexions, or accomplishments, to procure them husbands. The father did +not deem the labours of study fit occupation for the sons of an ancient +house:--"_Depend_ upon it," he would say, "they'll all do well with my +connexions--they will be able to command what they please." The Honourable +Mistress Augustus could not now boast of a full purse, for they had long +been living on the memory of their once ample fortune. + +The Honourable Mister Augustus Headerton died, in the forty-fifth year of +his age, of inflammation, caught in an old limekiln, where he was +concealed to avoid an arrest for the sum of 180 guineas, for black Nell, +the famous filly, who won the cup on the Curragh of Kildare--purchased in +his name, but without his knowledge, by his second son, the pride of the +family--commonly called dashing Dick. + +All I know further of the Honourable Mistress Augustus Headerton is, that + + "She played at cards, and died." + +Miss Georgiana--the beauty, and greatest fool of the family, who +_depended_ on her face as a fortune, did get a husband--an old, rich West +India planter, and eloped, six months after marriage, with an officer of +dragoons. + +Miss Celestina was really clever and accomplished. "Use her abilities for +her own support!" Oh, no! not for worlds--Too proud to work, but not too +proud to beg, she _depended_ on her relations, and played toady to all who +would. + +Miss Louisa--not clever; but in all other respects, ditto--ditto. + +Miss Charlotte was always very romantic; refused a respectable banker with +indignation, and married her uncle's footman--for love. + +Having sketched the female part of the family first (a compliment by the +way they do not always receive from their own sex)--I will tell you what I +remember of the gentlemen. + +"The Emperor," as Mr. Augustus was called, from his stately manner and +dignified deportment, aided by as much self-esteem as could well be +contained in a human body, _depended_, without any "compunctuous visitings +of conscience," on the venison, claret, and champagne of his friends, and +thought all the time he did them honour:--and thus he passed his life. + +"Dashing Dick" was the opposite of the Emperor; sung a good song--told a +good story--and gloried in making ladies blush. He _depended_ on his +cousin, Colonel Bloomfield, procuring him a commission in his regiment, +and cheated tailors, hosiers, glovers, coach-makers, and even lawyers, +with impunity. Happily for the world at large, Dashing Dick broke his neck +in a steeple chase, on a stolen horse, which he would have been hanged for +purloining, had he lived a day longer. + +Ferdinand was the bonne-bouche of the family: they used to call him "the +Parson!" Excellent Ferdinand!--he _depended_ on his exertions; and, if +ever the name of Headerton rises in the scale of moral or intellectual +superiority, it will be owing to the steady and virtuous efforts of Mister +Ferdinand Headerton, merchant, in the good city of B----. + +_Sketches of Irish Character, by Mrs. S.C. Hall_. + + * * * * * + + +PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE UNDER DIFFICULTIES. + + +We quote the following from the portion of the _Library of Entertaining +Knowledge_, with the above title--to show the mode in which the heads of +the respective chapters are illustrated: + +_Obscure Origin_. + +"The parents of SEBASTIAN CASTALIO, the elegant Latin translator of the +Bible, were poor peasants, who lived among the mountains in Dauphiny. + +"The Abbe HAUTEFEUILLE, who distinguished himself in the seventeenth +century, by his inventions in clock and watch making, was the son of a +baker. + +"PARINI, the modern satiric poet of Italy, was the son of a peasant, who +died when he was in his boyhood, and left him to be the only support of +his widowed mother; while, to add to his difficulties, he was attacked in +his nineteenth year by a paralysis, which rendered him a cripple for life. + +"The parents of Dr. JOHN PRIDEAUX, who afterwards rose to be Bishop of +Worcester, were in such poor circumstances, that they were with difficulty +able to keep him at school till he had learned to read and write; and he +obtained the rest of his education by walking on foot to Oxford, and +getting employed in the first instance as assistant in the kitchen of +Exeter College, in which society he remained till he gradually made his +way to a fellowship. + +"The father of INIGO JONES, the great architect, who built the +Banqueting-house at Whitehall, and many other well known edifices, was a +cloth-worker; and he himself was also destined originally for a mechanical +employment. + +"Sir EDMUND SAUNDERS, Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench in the +reign of Charles II., was originally an errand boy at the Inns of Court, +and gradually acquired the elements of his knowledge of the law by being +employed to copy precedents. + +"LINNAEUS, the founder of the science of Botany, although the son of the +clergyman of a small village in Sweden, was for some time apprenticed to a +shoemaker; and was only rescued from his humble employment by accidentally +meeting one day a physician named Rothman, who, having entered into +conversation with him, was so much struck with his intelligence, that he +sent him to the university. + +"The father of MICHAEL LOMONOSOFF, one of the most celebrated Russian +poets of the last century, and who eventually attained the highest +literary dignities in his own country, was only a simple fisherman. Young +Lomonosoff had great difficulty in acquiring as much education as enabled +him to read and write; and it was only by running away from his father's +house, and taking refuge in a monastery at Moscow, that he found means to +obtain an acquaintance with the higher branches of literature. + +"The famous BEN JONSON worked for some time as a bricklayer or mason; 'and +let not them blush,' says Fuller, speaking of this circumstance in his +'English Worthies,' with his usual amusing, but often expressive +quaintness, 'let not them blush that have, but those that have not, a +lawful calling. He helped in the building of the new structure of +Lincoln's Inn, when, having a trowel in his hand, he had a book in his +pocket.' + +"PETER RAMUS, one of the most celebrated writers and intrepid thinkers of +the sixteenth century, was employed in his childhood as a shepherd, and +obtained his education by serving as a lacquey in the College of Navarre. + +"The Danish astronomer, LONGOMONTANUS, was the son of a labourer, and, +while attending the academical lectures at Wyburg through the day, was +obliged to work for his support during a part of the night. + +"The elder DAVID PAREUS, the eminent German Protestant divine, who was +afterwards Professor of Theology at Heidelberg, was placed in his youth as +an apprentice, first with an apothecary, and then with a shoemaker. + +"HANS SACHS, one of the most famous of the early German poets, and a +scholar of considerable learning, was the son of a tailor, and served an +apprenticeship himself, first to a shoemaker, and afterwards to a weaver, +at which last trade, indeed, he continued to work during the rest of his +life. + +"JOHN FOLCZ, another old German poet, was a barber. + +"LUCAS CORNELISZ, a Dutch painter of the sixteenth century, who visited +England during the reign of Henry VIII., and was patronized by that +monarch, was obliged, while in his own country, in order to support his +large family, to betake himself to the profession of a cook. + +"Dr. ISAAC MADDOX, who, in the reign of George II., became bishop, first +of St. Asaph, and then of Worcester, and who is well known by his work in +defence of the Doctrine and Discipline of the Church of England, lost both +his parents, who belonged to a very humble rank of life, at an early age, +and was, in the first instance, placed by his friends with a pastrycook. + +"The late Dr. ISAAC MILNER, Dean of Carlisle, and Lucasian Professor of +the Mathematics at Cambridge, who had the reputation of one of the first +mathematicians of that University, and who published some ingenious papers +on Chemistry and Natural Philosophy, in the 'Philosophical Transactions,' +was originally a weaver--as was also his brother JOSEPH, the well known, +author of a 'History of the Church.' Of the same profession was also, in +his younger days, the late Dr. JOSEPH WHITE, Professor of Arabic at Oxford. + +"CASSERIO, a well known Italian anatomist, was initiated in the elements +of Medical Science by a surgeon of Padua, with whom he had lived +originally as a domestic servant. + +"JOHN CHRISTIAN THEDEN, who rose to be chief surgeon to the Prussian army +under Frederick II. had in his youth been apprenticed to a tailor." + +_Influence of Accident in directing Pursuits_. + +"The celebrated Bernard Palissy, to whom France was indebted, in the +sixteenth century, for the introduction of the manufacture of enamelled +pottery, had his attention first attracted to the art, his improvements in +which, form to this time the glory of his name among his countrymen, by +having one day seen by chance a beautiful enamelled cup, which had been +brought from Italy. He was then struggling to support his family by his +attempts in the art of painting, in which he was self-taught; and it +immediately occurred to him that, if he could discover the secret of +making these cups, his toils and difficulties would be at an end. From +that moment his whole thoughts were directed to this object; and in one of +his works he has himself given us such an account of the unconquerable +zeal with which he prosecuted his experiments, as it is impossible to read +without the deepest interest. For some time he had little or nothing to +expend upon the pursuit which he had so much at heart; but at last he +happened to receive a considerable sum of money for a work which he had +finished, and this enabled him to commence his researches. He spent the +whole of his money, however, without meeting with any success, and he was +now poorer than ever. Yet it was in vain that his wife and friends +besought him to relinquish what they deemed his chimerical and ruinous +project. He borrowed more money, with which he repeated his experiments; +and, when he had no more fuel wherewith to feed his furnaces, he cut down +his chairs and tables for that purpose. Still his success was +inconsiderable. He was now actually obliged to give a person, who had +assisted him, part of his clothes by way of remuneration, having nothing +else left; and, with his wife and children starving before his eyes, and +by their appearance silently reproaching him as the cause of their +sufferings, he was at heart miserable enough. But he neither despaired, +nor suffered his friends to know what he felt; persevering, in the midst +of all his misery, a gay demeanour, and losing no opportunity of renewing +his pursuit of the object which he all the while felt confident he should +one day accomplish. And at last, after sixteen years of persevering +exertion, his efforts were crowned with complete success, and his fortune +was made. Palissy was, in all respects, one of the most extraordinary men +of his time; in his moral character displaying a high-mindedness and +commanding energy altogether in harmony with the reach and originality of +conception by which his understanding was distinguished. Although a +Protestant, he had escaped, through the royal favour, from the massacre of +St. Bartholomew; but, having been soon after shut up in the Bastille, he +was visited in his prison by the king, who told him, that if he did not +comply with the established religion, he should be forced, however +unwillingly, to leave him in the hands of his enemies. 'Forced!' replied +Palissy, 'This is not to speak like a king; but they who force you cannot +force me; I can die!' He never regained his liberty, but ended his life in +the Bastille, in the ninetieth year of his age." + + * * * * * + + + +OLD POETS. + + +LOVE. + + What thing is Love, which naught can countervail? + Naught save itself, ev'n such a thing is Love. + And worldly wealth in worth as far doth fail, + As lowest earth doth yield to heav'n above. + Divine is love, and scorneth worldly pelf, + And can be bought with nothing but with self. + +SIR W. RALEIGH. + + * * * * * + + If Love be life, I long to die, + Live they that list for me: + And he that gains the most thereby, + A fool at least shall be. + But he that feels the sorest fits + 'Scapes with no less than loss of wits. + Unhappy life they gain, + Which love do entertain. + +SIR W. RALEIGH. + + * * * * * + + If all the world and Love were young, + And truth in every shepherd's tongue, + These pleasures might my passion move, + To live with thee, and be my love. + But fading flowers in every field, + To winter floods their treasures yield; + A honey'd tongue, a heart of gall, + Is fancy's spring, but sorrow's fall. + +SIR W. RALEIGH.--_Answer to Marlowe's "Come Live," &c_. + + * * * * * + + Passions are likened best to floods and streams; + The shallow murmur, but the deep are dumb, + So, when affections yield discourse, it seems + The bottom is but shallow whence they come: + They that are rich in words must needs discover + They are but poor in that which makes a lover. + +SIR W. RALEIGH. + + * * * * * + + ---- Love is nature's second sun + Causing a spring of virtues where he shines. + And, as without the sun, the world's great eye, + All colours, beauties, both of art and nature, + Are giv'n in vain to men; so, without love + All beauties bred in woman are in vain, + All virtues born in men lie buried; + For love informs them as the sun doth colours. + And as the sun reflecting his warm beams + Against the earth, begets all fruits and flowers, + So love, fair shining in the inward man, + Brings forth in him the honourable fruits + Of valour, wit, virtue, and haughty thoughts, + Brave resolution, and divine discourse. + O! 'tis the paradise! the heaven of earth! + +CHAPMAN. + + * * * * * + + Ladies, though to your conquering eyes + Love owes its chiefest victories, + And borrows those bright arms from you + With which he does the world subdue; + Yet you yourselves are not above + The empire nor the griefs of love. + Then wrack not lovers with disdain, + Lest love on you revenge their pain; + You are not free, because you're fair, + The boy did not his mother spare: + Though beauty be a killing dart, + It is no armour for the heart. + +ETHERIDGE. + + * * * * * + + Come, little infant, love me now. + While thine unsuspected years + Clear thine aged father's brow + From cold jealousy and fears. + Pretty, surely, 'twere to see + By young Love old Time beguil'd; + While our sportings are as free + As the muse's with the child. + + * * * * * + + Now then, love me; Time may take + Thee before my time away; + Of this need we'll virtue make + And learn love before we may. + So we win of doubtful fate; + And if good to us she meant, + We that good shall antedate. + Or, if ill, that ill prevent. + +MARVELL. + + * * * * * + + Hear ye virgins, and I'll teach, + What the times of old did preach: + Rosamond was in a tower + Kept, as Danae, in a tower; + But yet love, who subtle is, + Crept to that, and came to this: + Be ye lock'd up like to these, + Or the rich Hesperides: + Or those babies in your eyes, + In their crystal nurseries; + Notwithstanding love will win, + Or else force a passage in; + And as coy be as you can. + Gifts will get ye, or the man. + +HERRICK. + + * * * * * + + Great Venus, queen of beauty and of grace. + The joy of gods and men, that under sky + Dost fairest shine, and most adorn thy place, + That with thy smiling look dost pacify + The raging seas, and mak'st the storms to fly: + Thee, goddess, thee the winds, the clouds do fear, + And when thou spreadst thy mantle forth on high, + The waters play, and pleasant lands appear, + And heaven laughs, and all the world shows joyous chear. + + * * * * * + + --All the world by thee at first was made, + And daily yet thou dost the same repair, + Ne ought on earth that merry is and glad, + Ne ought on earth that lovely is and fair, + But thou the same for pleasure didst prepare. + Thou art the root of all that joyous is, + Great God of men and women, queen of th' air, + Mother of laughter, and well-spring of bliss, + O graunt that of my love at last I may not miss. + +_Fairy Queen_.--SPENSER. + + * * * * * + + As men tormented with a burning fever, + Dream that with drink they 'suage their grievous thirst, + But when they wake they find their thirst persever, + And to be greater than it was at first; + So she whose thoughts from love sleep could not sever, + Dreamt of that thing for which she 'wake did thirst; + But waking, felt and found it as before, + Her hope still less, and her desire still more. + +SIR J. HARRINGTON. + + * * * * * + + ---- Love is only root and crop of care, + The body's foe, the heart's annoy and cause of pleasures rare + The sickness of the mind and fountain of unrest, + The gulf of guile, the pit of pain, of grief the hollow chest; + A fiery frost, a flame that frozen is with ice, + A heavy burden light to bear, a virtue fraught with vice; + It is a worldlike peace, a safety seeing dread, + A deep despair annexed to hope, a fancy that is fed, + Sweet poison for his taste, a port Charybdis like, + A Scylla for his safety, though a lion that is meek. + +TURBERVILLE. + + * * * * * + +KISSING. + + O kiss! which dost those ruddy gems impart, + Or gems, or fruits, of new found Paradise; + Breathing all bliss and sweet'ning to the heart; + Teaching dumb lips a nobler exercise. + O kiss! which souls, ev'n souls, together ties + By links of love, and only nature's art; + How fain would I paint thee to all men's eyes. + Or of thy gifts, at least, shade out some part. + But she forbids, with blushing words, she says, + She builds her fame on higher-seated praise; + But my heart burns, I cannot silent be. + Then since (dear life,) you fain would have me peace, + And I mad with delight want wit to cease, + Stop you my mouth, with still, still kissing me. + +SIR P. SIDNEY. + + * * * * * + +HEALTH. + + The common ingredients of health and long life are + Great temp'rance, open air, + Easy labour, little care. + +IBID. + + * * * * * + + + +SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. + + +ARRIVAL AT MARGATE. + +_From "The Monthly Club" of Sharpe's London Magazine_. + + +The buildings of Margate now became evident, and every minute developed +some new feature in the landscape; all the party abandoned their sitting +to enjoy the view. The curved pier painted pea green and covered with +Cockneys, now was disclosed to our eyes, and my old friend from Leicester +was again staggered into a profound silence, by being told that a row of +houses with a windmill at the end of it, was _Buenos Ayres_. I saw his +amazement, but he did not betray his ignorance in speech as the French +actress did, who was in London some years since, and when dining on the +Adelphi Terrace was shown Waterloo Bridge. After gazing at it, with a +degree of pathos, partly national and partly theatrical, she heaved a sigh +for the brave fellows who had perished in the neighbourhood, and feelingly +inquired whereabouts the farm of _Haye Saint_ was--this is literally a +fact and is vouched for--nor is the absence of geographical knowledge in +the natives of France, confined to the lady--she is by no means a solitary +instance of the most glorious ignorance of localities.--The Turks too, +talk of Ireland as a disorderly part of London; and an American, during +the last winter, lecturing in Germany, referring to the great improvements +which have recently taken place in England, enumerated, amongst other +stupendous works of art, the Menai Bridge, which he informed his hearers +united IRELAND with WALES. + +As we approached the harbour we seemed to fly--the jetty and pier became +more and more crowded--it was evident we had created "an interest;" the +hurry and bustle on board appeared to increase as we neared the shore, and +the sudden tranquillization of the hubbub by the magical words, "stop her," +of the master evidently excited a mingled feeling of wonder and +satisfaction in the breast of our Leicestershire companion, whose +countenance had previously indicated a strong suspicion that it was the +captain's intention to try the relative strength of our vessel's bow and +the nob end of Mr. Jarvis's jetty. + +I never shall forget his delight as we tranquilly glided to the side of +the landing-place, nor his violent indignation when stepping out of the +boat in a pair of jockey boots, and selecting, what appeared to his +ruralized vision, a _verdant_ spot; his feet slid from under him, and he +got a fall unmodified in its disagreeable results by the excitement of the +sport so prevalent in his native country. + +"Who built this fine stone affair?" said R----, pointing to the pea-green +promenade on our right. + +"The people of Margate," said some one. + +"I thought nobody in England but the king could make a _pier_," said R----. + +"Come, come," cried B----, "let us be grave for a minute or two; we look +more like a parcel of boys landing than a grave and learned body." + +"Youth is the time for punning," said R----. + +"It is no great crime when one is older," said B----. + +"That I deny," answered our wag; "it may be good in _youth_, but it is +_bad in age._" + +The groan which followed this last pun of the voyage reechoed along the +shore, and it was not until we reached Howe's hotel, a sort of Bath York +House stuck in the middle of Golden Square, London, that the tumult died +away. + + * * * * * + + +THE UNICORN. + + +In the physical world, some of our secrets are disappearing; and though +Captain Parry failed to find out the pole, and we believe, with that +worthy navigator, that the world have been dreaming from the beginning, +and that there is no pole; and though Captain Ross will go further and +fare worse, yet things are turning up now and then that our most +benevolent scepticism cannot resist. But among other plunders of the +imagination, they are going to rob us of the unicorn. For two thousand +years and upwards, a short date in the history of human quarrel about +nothings, the sages of this world have been doubting and deciding on the +existence of this showy creature. Pliny would have sworn to his having all +but seen it, and he would have sworn that too, if any one had taken the +trouble to ask him. Kircher, and a few of the German naturalists, and +black-letter fools--every naturalist and black-letter man being more or +less a fool--dug up the question out of the pit of Teutonic dulness, and +ever since, every traveller beyond the Needles, has had his theory, which +was quite as good as his fact, and his fact, which was quite as good as +his theory. + +The topic perished in Germany, being stifled under professor Bopp and +Sanscrit, Professor Semler and Scepticism, Professor Jahn and Jacobinism, +and the whole vast feather-bed suffocation of Professor Kotzebue and +Comedy. But in England it was endeared to us by associations "deep in +every truly British heart," as the chairmen of our tavern parties say over +their third bottle. We had seen it for ages gallantly climbing the +slippery heights of the kingly crown on show boards, carriages, +transparencies, theatres, and the new, matchless, hydropyric, or fiery and +watery fairy palace of Vauxhall. It met us in every material, from the +gilt _confitures_ of Bartholomew fair, to the gold plateau of the "table +laid for sixty," at St. James's. All the dilettanti were immersed in the +great national question of its shape and features. Mr. Barrow, in a +journey of exploration, which extended to three miles beyond the Cape, +believed that he saw it, but strongly doubted its existence. M. Vaillant +never saw it, nor believed that any one ever did, but was as sure of its +existence as if it had slept in his bosom, and been unto him as a daughter. +Mr. Russel had one, which he milked twice a day, and drove in a curricle +to visit the Queen of Madagascar. Doctor Lyall is writing a quarto from +Madagascar, to deny the statement in toto; admitting, however, that there +is a rumour of the being of some nondescript of the kind in the mountains, +somewhat between the size of the elephant and the Shetland pony; but that +he and we think the subject-matter will turn out asinine. But now a Mr. +Ruppell, after a long sojourn in the north-east of Africa, comes at once +to cheer and dishearten us by the discovery, that in Kordofan, if any one +knows where that is, the unicorn exists; stated to be of the size of a +small horse, of the slender make of the gazelle, and furnished with a long, +straight, slender horn in the male, which was wanting in the female. +According to the statements made by various persons, it inhabits the +deserts to the south of Kordofan, is uncommonly fleet, and comes only +occasionally to the Koldagi Heive mountains on the borders of Kordofan. +This, it must be acknowledged, is a sad falling off from the rival of the +lion, that we have honoured so long in the arms of England. But we +sincerely hope, that by the next arrival, it will not degenerate into a +cow, or worse, a goat. But he tells us, that to our knowledge of the +giraffe he has added considerably. He obtained in Nubia and Kordofan five +specimens, two of which were males and three females. He regards the horns +as constituting the principal generic character, they being formed by +distinct bones, united to the frontal and parietal bones by a very obvious +suture, and having throughout the same structure with the other bones. In +both sexes one of these abnormal bones is situated on each branch of the +coronal suture, and the male possesses an additional one placed more +anteriorly, and occupying the middle of the frontal suture. The anomalous +position of this appendage furnishes a complete refutation of the theory +of Camper with regard to the unicorn, that such an occurrence was contrary +to nature, and proves at least the possibility of the existence of such an +animal. Professor Camper is an ass, of course; but when are we to expect +any thing better from the illustrissimi of the land of sour-krout? Give a +Doctor Magnificus his due allowance of the worst tobacco, and the worst +beer in the world, with a ream of half-brown paper, and a Leipsic +catalogue to plunder, and he will in three months write any subject dead-- +smother the plainest truth with an accumulation of absurdity, astonishing, +as the work of a creature with but two hands--and prove that the earth is +but a huge oyster, in which Germany is the pearl; or that man is only a +reclaimed baboon, of which all the wit is centered in Weimar. + +_Monthly Magazine_. + + * * * * * + + + +THE GATHERER. + + + A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. + + SHAKSPEARE. + + * * * * * + + +A PUNSTER. + + +Dr. Barton was a punster. He said, "the fellows of my college wished to +have an organ in the chapel, but I put a stop to it;" whether for the sake +of the pun, or because he disliked music, is uncertain. He invited, for +the love of punning, Mr. Crowe and Mr. Rooke to dine with him; and having +given Mr. Birdmore, another guest, a hint to be rather after the time, on +his appearing, said, "Mr. Rook! Mr. Crowe! I beg leave to introduce one +_Bird more_." He married his niece to a gentleman of the hopeful name of +_Buckle_. The enterprise succeeded beyond his expectation. Mrs. Buckle was +delivered of twins. "A pair of Buckles!" "Boys or girls?" said a +congratulating friend; the answer may be supposed. To him, though it has +been attributed to others, belongs the glory or the shame of having said +to one, who having re-established his health by a diet of milk and eggs, +took a wife:--"So, you have been _egged_ on to matrimony: I hope the +_yoke_ will sit easy on you." + + * * * * * + + +PLAY BILL. + +(_Translated from the Spanish_.) + + + To the sovereign of heaven, + To the mother of the eternal world, + To the Polar Star of Spain, + To the faithful protectress of the Spanish nation, + To the honour and glory of the most Holy Virgin Mary, + For her benefit, and for the propagation of her worship, + The company of comedians will this day give a representation of + the comic piece called Manine. + The celebrated Italian will also dance the Fandango, + and the theatre will be superbly illuminated. + + * * * * * + +"_Write your name at full length_ the _first_ time you order any thing +which you ought to pay for, that the person so employed or ordered may +have no difficulty of applying (legally) if necessary for payment."--_The +advice of one who from a common soldier died in opulence honestly gained +by trade_. + + * * * * * + +A French philosopher placed a statue in his hall, under which was the +follow-distich:-- + + "Whoever you be, Sir, pray take off your castor; + For this is, or has been, or will be your master." + + * * * * * + + +PARIS. + + +The following Notes convey some idea of the extent and resources of the +French capital:-- + +By the last census, 1827, the _population_ of Paris was 890,000. + +_Bread_.--In Paris, 830,000 persons consume 227,760,000 pounds in a year. + +_Printing_.--There are in Paris 80 printing establishments; 600 presses +going; and 3,000 journeymen printers in constant employ. + +_Deaths_.--The _annual mortality_ is 21,033; average of _suicides_ 200, of +whom the greater number are single persons; and on an average, a death +occurs every twenty minutes. Upwards of 1,100 children die annually from +small-pox. + +_Lamps_.--The city is lit with 4,533 oil lamps, with 12,672 wicks. + +_The River_.--The river Seine where it enters Paris is 510 feet broad; at +the Pont Neuf 864 feet, and where it leaves the city 400 feet broad. + +_Hospitals_.--The income of the hospitals is 9,762,154 francs, or about +L406,756.; the average cost to government for a day in the hospital, is +about 11-1/2_d_. The maniacs from two prisons average 3,000 a year; and +the majority of mad persons are unmarried. + +_Lottery_.--The average annual receipts of the lottery is about a million +sterling--of which the treasury receive about L180,000. the remainder +being the adventurers'. + +_Marriages_.--The average of marriages is 6,316, or 1 marriage in every +108 persons. Marriages are most frequent in February, and least in +December. There is rather more than an average of three children to each +marriage. + +_Births_.--The births average 27,000, or 1 birth for every 12 minutes; of +the number, 8,760 are illegitimate. + +_Gaming Houses_.--The annual receipt is L360,000.; the whole expenses +L60,000. Those who lease them clear in 6 years about L83,000. + +_Wine Tax_.--The annual revenue is a million sterling. + +_Theatres_.--There are 10,000 persons daily at the theatres, Of these, it +is estimated, 6,816 pay for admission. The annual average receipts of all +the theatres is L209,298. + +_Tombs_.--The price for a tomb in _Pere la Chaise_, is about L4. without +the right to the grave; some have cost L1,400. Those erected to women +are fewer by half than those for men. + +_Travellers_.--The average since the peace of 1814, is 17,676 English +residents or travellers in Paris. + + * * * * * + + +MOTTO AND TRANSLATION. + + + _Presto et Presto_. + Double quick time. + + * * * * * + + +DIALOGUE BETWEEN GLUTTON AND ECHO. + + +The following lines, written in the year 1609, are said to have induced +Butler to pursue the same idea in his _Hudibras_; + + _Dialogue_. + + _Glutton_.--My belly I do deify. + + _Echo_.--Fie. + + _Glutton_.--Who curbs his appetite's a fool. + + _Echo_.--Ah! fool! + + _Glutton_.--I do not like this abstinence. + + _Echo_.--Hence! + + _Glutton_.--My joy's a feast, my wish is wine. + + _Echo_.--Swine. + + _Glutton_.--We epicures are happy truly. + + _Echo_.--You lie. + + _Glutton_.--May I not, Echo, eat my fill. + + _Echo_.--Ill. + + _Glutton_.--Will it hurt me if I drink too much? + + _Echo_.--Much. + + _Glutton_.--Thou mock'st me nymph, I'll not believe it. + + _Echo_.--Believe it. + + _Glutton_.--Dost thou condemn then what I do? + + _Echo_.--I do. + + _Glutton_.--Is it that which brings infirmities? + + _Echo_.--It is! + + _Glutton_.--Then sweetest temperance I'll love thee. + + _Echo_. I love thee.. + + {If all be true which thou + _Glutton_. { dost tell, + {To gluttony I bid farewell. + + _Echo_.--Farewell. + + W.A. + + * * * * * + + +EPITAPH ON A GAMESTER. + + + Here lies a gamester, poor but willing, + Who left the room without a shilling. + Losing each stake, till he had thrown + His last, and lost the game to Death; + If Paradise his soul has won, + 'Twas a rare stroke of luck i'faith! + + * * * * * + +Suicide is very common among the New Zealanders: thus, a woman who has +been beaten by her husband will perhaps hang herself immediately. + + * * * * * + +LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE + +_Following Novels is already Published_: + + _s_. _d_. + Mackenzie's Man of Feeling 0 6 + Paul and Virginia 0 6 + The Castle of Otranto 0 6 + Almoran and Hamet 0 6 + Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia 0 6 + The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne 0 6 + Rasselas 0 8 + The Old English Baron 0 8 + Nature and Art 0 8 + Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield 0 10 + Sicilian Romance 1 0 + The Man of the World 1 0 + A Simple Story 1 4 + Joseph Andrews 1 6 + Humphry Clinker 1 8 + The Romance of the Forest 1 8 + The Italian 2 0 + Zeluco, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Edward, by Dr Moore 2 6 + Roderick Random 2 6 + The Mysteries of Udolpho 3 6 + Peregrine Pickle 4 6 + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 387 *** + +***** This file should be named 11518.txt or 11518.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/1/5/1/11518/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Allen Siddle, David King, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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