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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/11518-0.txt b/11518-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2fa2697 --- /dev/null +++ b/11518-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1530 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11518 *** + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION + +VOL. XIV. NO. 387.] SATURDAY, AUGUST 29, 1829. [PRICE 2_d_. + + + +CONSTANTINOPLE. + + +[Illustration: CONSTANTINOPLE] + + "Queen of the Morn! Sultana of the East!" + +The splendour and extent of Constantinople are not within the compass of +one of our pages; but the annexed Engraving furnishes some idea of a +section of this queen of cities. It extends from Seraglio Point to the +Janissaries' Tower, and though commanding only a portion of the city, +includes the domes of the magnificent mosques of Santa Sophia and the +Sultan Achmet, which rise from a vast assemblage of towers, palaces, +minarets, &c. in every style of architecture. + +We have so often and so recently touched upon the ancient and modern state +of Constantinople, that we fear a recapitulation of its splendour would be +uninviting to our readers.[1] Nevertheless, as its mention is so +frequently coupled with the seat of war, and the "expulsion of the Turks +from Europe," our illustration will at this period be interesting, as well +as in some measure, explanatory of the position of the city, which is so +advantageous as to make it appear fit for the seat of dominion over the +whole world. Can we then be surprised at its forming so tempting a lure to +surrounding nations? + +The city stands at the eastern extremity of Romania, on a neck of land +that advances towards Natolia; on the south it is washed by the sea of +Marmora, and on the north-east by the gulf of the Golden Horn. It is built, +like ancient Rome, on seven hills, rising one above the other in beautiful +succession, and sloping gently towards the water; the whole forming an +irregular triangle, about twelve miles in circumference, the entire of +which space is closely covered with palaces, mosques, baths, fountains, +and houses; at a short distance the proudly swelling domes of 300 mosques, +the tall and elegant minarets, crowned by glittering crescents, the +ancient towers on the walls, and the gaudily coloured kiosks and houses +rising above the stupendous trees in the seraglio, situated on the extreme +point, form a rich, picturesque, and extraordinary scene. The gulf of the +Golden Horn, to the north-east of the city, forms a noble and capacious +harbour, four miles in length, by half a mile in breadth, capable of +securely containing 1,200 ships of the largest size, and is generally +filled with the curiously built vessels and gaily decorated boats of the +Turks; on the opposite shore is the maritime town of Galata, containing +the docks, arsenals, cannon founderies, barracks, &c.; above which stands +the populous suburb of Pera, the residence of the foreign ministers of the +Porte, and all foreigners of distinction, none whatever being allowed to +reside in the city. Beyond, as far as the eye can reach, is an immense +forest of cypress and mulberry trees, being the extensive cemeteries of +all persuasions. From Galata, the European shore of the Bosphorus forms +one continued line of towns; palaces in every style of architecture, +pleasure gardens, and romantic villages. On the opposite, or Asiatic shore, +stands the extensive town of Scutari, also a suburb of Constantinople, +although in another quarter of the globe, and separated by a sea a mile in +breadth; and at a short distance is the ancient and ruinous city of +Calcedone. The group of the Prince's Islands, in the Sea of Marmora, and +the snow-clad summit of Mount Olympus, close the prospect. Such is a mere +outline of the natural and artificial beauty of Constantinople. + +The city itself is surrounded by walls, built of freestone, with alternate +layers of Roman brick, flanked by 478 towers; the walls, however, are in +several places so dilapidated as to be incapable of any defence without +great reparation. On the land side, the fortifications consist of a triple +wall, with towers at every 150 yards; the first wall being 30 feet in +height; the second 20, and about 30 feet from the first; the third is +twelve feet in height; beyond this is a fosse, thirty feet wide, now +converted into gardens, and filled with fine grown trees, and a low +counterscarp. There are five gates on this side, and several to the water. +The streets, of which there are 3,770, with the exception of two or three, +are narrow, irregular, badly paved, and exceedingly dirty, the only +scavengers being vultures and half-starved dogs. There are fourteen +imperial mosques, about 200 others, and above that number of messjids or +chapels. The number of houses is prodigious; in 1796, the register of +Effendissy gave 88,185 within the walls; they are mostly constructed of +wood, and the dwellings of the lower classes are mere wooden boxes, cool +in summer, the windows being unglazed, and in winter heated by pans of +charcoal. Fires are consequently very frequent. The khans, or warehouses +of the merchants are, however, fireproof; the bazaars are also defended +from fire, and are well built; and coffeehouses very numerous. The city is +amply supplied with water, there being 730 public baths, a superb fountain +in the Chinese taste in every street, and few houses without similar +provision. The population of the city and suburbs is estimated at upwards +of 600,000; of these above one half are Turks, the remainder Jews, Franks, +Greeks, &c. + +We have only space to particularize a few of the most prominent buildings +in our view. To the left is the Seraglio Point, or superb palace of the +Sultan, whose treasures almost realize the fables of romance. Next is the +superb dome of the Mosque of the Sultan Achmet, without exception the +finest building ever raised by the Turks. It is surrounded by a lofty +colonnade of marble, of various colours, surmounted by 30 small domes: the +large dome is supported by four gigantic piers, covered as well as most of +the interior, with fresco paintings; it is rich in columns of verd antique, +Egyptian granite, and white marble; there are also four smaller domes, +similarly ornamented. Next, near the centre of the Engraving is the Mosque +of Santa Sophia, a truly superb and perfect monument of antiquity, built +at an expense of 320,000 pounds of silver, (some authors say gold.[2]) +Next in importance are the Mosques of the Sultans Osmyn, Bajazet, and +Selim; and the Gulf of the Golden Horn, or the Harbour. + +Among the suburbs of Constantinople, Scutari is not the least interesting, +inasmuch as it leads us to notice the funereal customs of the Turks, and +their cemeteries, of which Scutari is the principal site. + +Interment almost immediately follows upon the decease of the person; a +practice common to all classes at Constantinople. The corpse is carried to +the grave on a bier by the friends of the deceased: this is considered as +a religious duty, it being declared in the Koran, that he who carries a +dead body the space of forty paces, procures for himself the expiation of +a great sin.[3] The graves are shallow, and thin boards only, laid over +the corpse, protect it from the immediate pressure of the earth, which is +set with flowers, according to the custom of the Pythagoreans, and a +cypress tree is planted near every new grave. As a grave is never opened a +second time, a vast tract of country is occupied with these burial-fields, +which add by no means to the salubrity of the vicinity. Much is gained, +unquestionably, as regards the health of the inhabitants, by burying +without the cities; but the shallowness of the graves contributes to +render these vast accumulations of animal dust, at certain seasons more +especially, a source of pestilential miasmata. The cemeteries near Scutari +are immense, owing to the predilection which the Turks of Europe preserve +for being buried in Asia--that quarter of the world in which are situated +the holy cities, Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem, and Damascus. The author of +Anastasius gives the following vivid description of this extraordinary +spot:-- + +"A dense and motionless cloud of stagnant vapours ever shrouds these +dreary realms. From afar, a chilling sensation informs the traveller that +he approaches their dark and dismal precincts; and as he enters them, an +icy blast, rising from their inmost bosom, rushes forth to meet his breath, +suddenly strikes his chest, and seems to oppose his progress. His very +horse snuffs up the deadly effluvia with signs of manifest terror, and, +exhaling a cold and clammy sweat, advances reluctantly over a hollow +ground, which shakes as he treads it, and loudly re-echoes his slow and +fearful step. So long and so busily has time been at work to fill this +chosen spot--so repeatedly has Constantinople poured into this ultimate +receptacle almost its whole contents--that the capital of the living, +spite of its immense population, scarcely counts a single breathing +inhabitant for every ten silent inmates of this city of the dead. Already +do its fields of blooming sepulchres stretch far away on every side, +across the brow of the hills and the bend of the valleys; already are the +avenues which cross each other at every step in this domain of death, so +lengthened, that the weary stranger, from whatever point he comes, still +finds before him many a dreary mile of road between marshalled tombs and +mournful cypresses, ere he reaches his journey's seemingly receding end; +and yet, every year does this common patrimony of all the heirs to decay, +still exhibit a rapidly increasing size, a fresh and wider line of +boundary, and a new belt of young plantations, growing up between new +flower beds of graves. + +"There, said I to myself, lie, scarcely one foot beneath the surface of a +swelling soil, ready to burst at every point with its festering contents, +more than half the generations whom death has continued to mow down for +nearly four centuries in the vast capital of Islamism. There lie, side by +side, on the same level, in cells the size of their bodies, and only +distinguished by a marble turban somewhat longer or deeper--somewhat +rounder or squarer--personages, in life, far as heaven and earth asunder, +in birth, in station, in gifts of nature, and in long laboured +acquirements. There lie, sunk alike in their last sleep--alike food for +the worm that lives on death--the conqueror who filled the universe with +his name, and the peasant scarcely known in his own hamlet; Sultan Mahmoud, +and Sultan Mahmoud's perhaps more deserving horse;[4] elders bending under +the weight of years, and infants of a single hour; men with intellects of +angels, and men with understandings inferior to those of brutes; the +beauty of Georgia and the black of Sennaar; visiers, beggars, heroes, and +women.'" + + +The approach to Constantinople from the sea of Marmora is likewise thus +beautifully described by the same author, and will form an appropriate +conclusion: + +"With eyes rivetted on the expanding splendour, I watched as they came out +of the bosom of the surrounding waters, the pointed minarets, the swelling +cupolas, and the innumerable habitations, either stretching along the +jagged shore, and reflecting their shape in the mirror of the deep, or +creeping up the crested mountain, and tracing their outline on the expanse +of the sky. At first agglomerated in a single confused mass, the lesser +part of this immense whole seemed, as we advanced, by degrees to unfold, to +disengage themselves from each other, and to grow into various groups, +divided by wide chasms and deep indentures; until at last the clusters, +thus far still distantly connected, became transformed, as if by magic, +into three distinct cities, each individually of prodigious extent, and +each separated from the other two by a wide arm of that sea whose silver +tide encompassed their base, and made its vast circuit rest half on Europe, +and half on Asia." + +Since writing the above we have visited Mr. Burford's _New Panorama of +Constantinople_, which has lately been opened for exhibition in the +Strand; and although we cannot in this Number enter into the detail of its +merits, we recommend it to our lionizing friends as one of Mr. Burford's +most finished paintings, and equal if not superior in effect to any +exhibition in the metropolis; but we reserve an account of its pictorial +beauties for our next publication. + + +[1] See "Sailing round Constantinople," MIRROR, vol. x. p. 278. Engraving + and Description of the Castle of the Seven Towers, ibid, vol. x. + p. 361. Extent of Constantinople, vol. xi. p. 298. Lines on + Constantinople, vol. xii. p. 58. Taking of the City by the Turks, vol. + xii. p. 274. + +[2] For an Engraving and full description of the Mosque of Santa Sophia, + see the MIRROR, vol. ii. p.p. 473, 486. + +[3] Mr. Hobhouse has pointed out some remarkable points of similarity + between the funereal customs of the Greeks and those of the Irish; in + particular, the howling lament, the interrogating the corpse, "Why did + you die?" and the wake and feast. "But a more singular resemblance," + he adds, "is that which is to be remarked between a Mahommedan and an + Irish opinion relative to the same ceremony. When a dead Mussulman is + carried on his plank towards the cemetery, the devout Turk runs from + his house as the procession passes his door, for a short distance + relieves one of the bearers of the body, and then gives up his place + to another, who hastens to perform the same charitable and holy office. + No one who has been in Ireland, but must have seen the peasants leave + their cottages or their work, to give a temporary assistance to those + employed in bearing the dead to the grave an exertion by which they + approach so many steps nearer to Paradise." + +[4] "Sultan Mahmoud's horse was actually interred in the cemetery of + Scutari, under a dome supported by eight pillars." + + * * * * * + + +TWO SONNETS. + +_To M---- F----_. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +I. + + I met thee, ----, when the leaves were green, + And living verdure clothed the countless trees; + When meadow flowers allured the summer bees, + And silvery skies shone o'er the cloudless scene, + Bright as my thoughts when wand'ring to thy home; + Where Nature looks _as though she were divine_, + Not in the richness of the rip'ning vine, + Not in the splendour of imperial Rome. + It is a ruder scene of rocks and trees, + Where even barrenness is beauty--where + The glassy lake, below the mountain bare, + Curls up its waters 'neath the casual breeze; + And, 'midst the plenitude of flower and bud, + Sweet violets hide them in the hilly wood. + +II. + + I parted with thee one autumnal day, + When o'er the woods the northern tempest beat-- + The spoils of autumn rustling at our feet, + And Nature wept to see her own decay. + The pliant poplar bent beneath the blast; + The moveless oak stood warring with the storm, + Which bow'd the pensive willow's weaker form; + And naught gave token that thy love would last, + Save the mute eloquence of forcing tears; + Save the low pleading of thy ardent sighs, + The fervent gazing of thy glowing eyes; + A firm assurance, spite of all my fears, + That, as the sunshine dries the summer rain, + Thy _future_ smile should bless for parting pain. + +* * H. + + * * * * * + + +ILLUSTRATION OF SOME OLD PROVERBS, &c. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +_"Ax." To ask_. This word which now passes for a mere vulgarism, is the +original Saxon form, and used by Chaucer and others. See "Tyrwhitt's +Glossary." We find it also in Bishop Bale's "God's Promises." "That their +synne vengeaunce _axed_ continually." Old Plays. i. 18. Also in the "Four +P.'s," by Heywood, "And _axed_ them thys question than." Old Pl. i. 84. An +_axing_ is used by Chaucer for a request. Ben Jonson introduces it +jocularly: + + "A man out of wax, + As a lady would ax." + + _Masques_, vol. 6, p. 85. + +"_Between the Cup and the Lip_." The proverb that many things fall out +between the cup and the lip, is a literal version of one in Latin. _Multo +inter pocula ac libra cadunt_. The origin of which was as follows:--A king +of Thrace had planted a vineyard, when one of his slaves, whom he had much +oppressed in that very work, prophesied that he should never taste of the +wine produced in it. The monarch disregarded the prediction, and when at +an entertainment he held a glassful of his own wine made from the grape of +that vineyard, he sent for the slave, and asked him what he thought of his +prophecy now; to which the other replied, "Many things fall out between +the cup and the lip," and he had scarcely delivered this singular response, +before news was brought that a monstrous boar was laying waste the +favourite vineyard. The king, in a rage, put down the cup which he held in +his hand, and hurried out with his people to attack the boar; but being +too eager, the boar rushed upon him and killed him, without having tasted +of the wine. Such is the story related by some of the Greek writers, and +though evidently apocryphal, it certainly is productive of a good +practical moral. + +"_In the merry pin_." This is said of those who have drunk freely and are +cheerful in their cups. Among the ancient northern nations, it was +customary to drink out of large horns, in which were placed small pins, +like a scale of distances, and he who quaffed most was considered as a +toper of the first magnitude, and respected accordingly. The merry pin was +that which stood pretty far from the mouth of the horn, and he who, at a +draught, reduced the liquor to that point, was a man of no ordinary +prowess in bacchanalian contest. + +"_Under the Rose be it spoken_." The rose being dedicated by Cupid to +Harpocrates, the god of Silence, to engage him to conceal the amours of +Venus, was an emblem of Silence; whence to present it or hold it up to any +person in discourse, served instead of an admonition, that it was time for +him to hold his peace; and in entertaining rooms it was customary to place +a rose above the table, to signify that what was there spoken should be +kept private. This practice is described by the following epigram:-- + + Est rosa flos, Veneris cujus quo facta laterunt, + Harpocrati matri dona dicavit Amor, + Inde rosam mensis hospes suspendit amicis + Convivii et sub ea dicta tacenda sciat. + + _Potter's Ant. Greece_. + +"_Cant_." This word, which is now generally applied to fanatical preachers, +and hypocritical apprentices in religion, derives its name from two Scotch +Presbyterian ministers, in the reign of Charles II. They were father and +son, both called Andrew Cant; and Whitelocke in his "Memoirs," p. 511, +after narrating the defeat at Worcester, in 1651, says, "Divers Scotch +ministers were permitted to meet at Edinburgh, to keep a day of +humiliation, as they pretended, for their too much compliance with the +King," and in the same month when Lord Argyll had called a parliament, Mr. +Andrew Cant, a minister, said in his pulpit, that "God was bound to hold +this parliament, for that all other parliaments was called by man, but +this was brought about by his own hand." + +"_An't please the Pigs_." In this phrase there is not only a peculiarity +of dialect, but the corruption of a word, and a change of one thing for +another. In the first place, _an_, in the midland counties, is used for if; +and pigs is evidently a corruption of Pyx, the sacred vessel containing +the host in Roman Catholic countries. In the last place, the vessel is +substituted for the power itself, by an easy metonymy in the same manner +as when we talk of "the sense of the house," we do not mean to ascribe +intelligence to a material building; but to the persons in it assembled +for a deliberate purpose; the expression therefore signifies no more than +"_Deo volente_," or God willing. + +"_Bumper_." In many parts of England any thing large is called a bumper. +Hence a bumping lass is a large girl of her age, and a bumpkin is a +large-limbed, uncivilized rustic; the idea of grossness of size entering +into the idea of a country bumpkin, as well as that of unpolished rudeness. +Dr. Johnson, however, strangely enough deduces the word bumpkin from bump; +but what if it should prove to be a corruption of bumbard, or bombard: in +low Latin, bombardus, a great gun, and from thence applied to a large +flagon, or full glass. Thus the Lord Chamberlain says to the porters who +had been negligent in keeping out the mob. + + "You are lazy knaves: + And here ye lie, baiting of bombard, when + Ye should do service." + + _Shaks. Hen_. VIII. _Act_ 5, _Scene_ 3. + +"Baiting of bombard" is a term for sitting and drinking, which Nash in his +"Supplycacyon to the Deuyll," calls by the like metaphor, "bear baiting." +So Shakspeare again in the "Tempest," says, + + "Yond same black cloud, yond huge one, + Seems like foul bombard, that would shed his liquor." + + _Tempest, Act_ 2, _Scene_ 2. + +Which Theobald rightly explains thus: "A large vessel for holding drink, +as well as the piece of ordinance so called." + +"_Latter Lammas_." Lammas day is the first day of August, so called quasi, +Lamb-mass, on which day the tenants that hold lands of the Cathedral of +York, which is dedicated to St. Peter, ad Vincula, were bound by that +tenure to bring a living lamb into the church at high mass.--_Cornell's +Interpreter_. Lammas day was always a great day of account, for in the +payment of rents our ancestors distributed the year into four quarters, +ending at Candlemas, Whitsuntide, Lammas, and Martinmas, and this was as +common as the present divisions of Lady day, Midsummer, Michaelmas, and +Christmas. In regard to Lammas, in addition to its being one of the days +of reckoning, it appears from the Confessor's laws, that it was the +specific day whereon the Peter-pence, a tax very rigorously executed, and +the punctual payment of which was enforced under a severe penalty, was +paid. In this view then, Lammas stands as a day of account, and Latter +Lammas will consequently signify the day of doom, which in effect, as to +all payments of money, or worldly transactions in money, is never. Latter +here is used for last, or the comparative for the superlative, just as it +is in a like case in our version of the book of Job, "I know that my +redeemer liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the earth," +meaning of course the last day, or the end of the world. That the last day, +or Latter Lammas, as to all temporal affairs is never, may be illustrated +by the following story:--A man at confession owned his having stolen a sow +and pigs; the father confessor exhorted him to make restitution. The +penitent said some were sold, and some were killed, but the priest not +satisfied with this excuse, told him they would appear against him at the +day of judgment if he did not make restitution to the owner, upon which +the man replied, "Well, I'll return them to him then." + +"_Lydford Law_." In Devonshire and Cornwall this saying is common: + + "First hang and draw, + Then hear the cause by Lydford Law." + +Sometimes it is expressed in this manner; "Lydford Law, by which they hang +men first, and try them afterwards." Lydford was formerly a town of note, +but now an inconsiderable village on the borders of Dartmoor, not far from +Tavistock. It is famous for a ruined castle, under which is a dungeon that +used to be a prison for the confinement of persons who offended against +the Stannary Courts of Tavistock, Ashburton, Chapford, and Plimpton. These +Stannary Courts were erected by a charter of Edward III. for the purpose +of regulating the affairs of the tin mines in Devonshire, and of +determining causes among the tinners, whether criminal, or actions for +debt. The proceedings were very summary, and the prison horribly offensive. +Near Lydford is a famous waterfall, and a most romantic view down the +river Lyd; over which is a curious bridge built with one arch. The parish +is the largest in the kingdom, including the whole Forest of Dartmoor. +William Browne of Tavistock, and the author of _Britannia's Pastorals_, +gives a humorous description of Lydford in the reign of James I. + + * * * * * + + + +THE CONTEMPORARY TRAVELLER. + + +JOURNEY IN SEARCH OF THE RED INDIANS OF NEWFOUNDLAND. + + +In the island of Newfoundland, an institution has been formed for opening +a communication with, and promoting the civilization of, the Red Indians; +and procuring, if possible, an authentic history of that unhappy race of +people, in order that their language, customs, and pursuits, may be +contrasted with those of other tribes of Indians and nations. The interior +of the island is less known than any other British possessions abroad; +but, from the exertions of the above Society, more information has been +collected concerning the natives, than has been obtained during the two +centuries and a half in which Newfoundland has been in possession of +Europeans. The last journey was undertaken by W.E. Cormack, Esq., +president of the Society. His report has appeared in a recent Number of +the _Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal_, and will, we are persuaded, be +interesting to our readers: + +"My party," says Mr. Cormack, "consisted of three Indians, whom I procured +from among the other different tribes, viz. an intelligent and able man of +the Abenakie tribe, from Canada; an elderly Mountaineer from Labrador; and +an adventurous young Micmack, a native of this island, together with +myself. It was my intention to have commenced our search at White Bay, +which is nearer the northern extremity of the island than where we did, +and to have travelled southward. But the weather not permitting to carry +my party thither by water, after several days' delay, I unwillingly +changed my line of route. + +"On the 31st of October, 1828, last, we entered the country at the mouth +of the River Exploits, on the north side, at what is called the Northern +Arm. We took a north-westerly direction, to lead us to Hall's Bay, which +place we reached through an almost uninterrupted forest, over a hilly +country, in eight days. This tract comprehends the country interior from +New Bay, Badger Bay, Seal Bay, &c.; these being minor bays, included in +Green or Notre Dame Bay, at the north-east part of the island, and well +known to have been always heretofore the summer residence of the Red +Indians. + +"On the fourth day after our departure, at the east end of Badger +Bay-Great Lake, at a _portage_ known by the name of the Indian Path, we +found traces made by the Red Indians, evidently in the spring or summer of +the preceding year. Their party had had two canoes; and here was a +_canoe-rest_, on which the daubs of red ochre, and the roots of trees used +to fasten or tie it together appeared fresh. A canoe-rest, is simply a few +beams supported horizontally about five feet from the ground, by +perpendicular posts. A party with two canoes, when descending from the +interior to the sea-coast, through such a part of the country as this, +where there are troublesome portages, leave one canoe resting, bottom up, +on this kind of frame, to protect it from injury by the weather, until +their return. Among other things which lay strewed about here, were a +spearshaft, eight feet in length, recently made and ochred; parts of old +canoes, fragments of their skin-dresses, &c. For some distance around, the +trunks of many of the birch, and of that species of spruce pine called +here the Var (_Pinus balsamifera_) had been rinded; these people using the +inner part of the bark of that kind of tree for food. Some of the cuts in +the trees with the axe, were evidently made the preceding year. Besides +these, we were elated by other encouraging signs. The traces left by the +Red Indians are so peculiar, that we were confident those we saw here were +made by them. + +"This spot has been a favourite place of settlement with these people. It +is situated at the commencement of a _portage_, which forms a +communication by a path between the sea-coast at Badger Bay, about eight +miles to the north-east, and a chain of lakes extending westerly and +southerly from hence, and discharging themselves by a rivulet into the +River Exploits, about thirty miles from its mouth. A path also leads from +this place to the lakes, near New Bay, to the eastward. Here are the +remains of one of their villages, where the vestiges of eight or ten +winter _mamatecks_, or wigwams, each intended to contain from six to +eighteen or twenty people, are distinctly seen close together. Besides +these, there are the remains of a number of summer wigwams. Every winter +wigwam has close by it a small square-mouthed or oblong pit, dug into the +earth, about four feet deep, to preserve their stores, &c. in. Some of +these pits were lined with birch rind. We discovered also in this village +the remains of a vapour-bath. The method used by the Boeothicks to raise +the steam, was by pouring water on large stones made very hot for the +purpose, in the open air, by burning a quantity of wood around them; after +this process, the ashes were removed, and a hemispherical framework +closely covered with skins, to exclude the external air, was fixed over +the stones. The patient then crept in under the skins, taking with him a +birch-rind bucket of water, and a small bark-dish to dip it out, which, by +pouring on the stones, enabled him to raise the steam at pleasure.[5] + +"At Hall's Bay we got no useful information, from the three (and the only) +English families settled there. Indeed we could hardly have expected any; +for these, and such people, have been the unchecked and ruthless +destroyers of the tribe, the remnant of which we were in search of. After +sleeping one night in a _house_, we again struck into the country to the +westward. + +"In five days we were on the high lands south of White Bay, and in sight +of the high lands east of the Bay of Islands, on the west coast of +Newfoundland. The country south and west of us was low and flat, +consisting of marshes, extending in a southerly direction more than thirty +miles. In this direction lies the famous Red Indians' Lake. It was now +near the middle of November, and the winter had commenced pretty severely +in the interior. The country was every where covered with snow, and, for +some days past, we had walked over the small ponds on the ice. The summits +of the hills on which we stood had snow on them, in some places, many feet +deep. The deer were migrating from the rugged and dreary mountains in the +north, to the low mossy barren, and more woody parts in the south; and we +inferred, that if any of the Red Indians had been at White Bay during the +past summer, they might be at that time stationed about the borders of the +low tract of country before us, at the _deer-passes_, or were employed +somewhere else in the interior, killing deer for winter provision. At +these passes, which are particular places in the migration lines of path, +such as the extreme ends of, and straights in, many of the large lakes-- +the foot of valleys between high and rugged mountains--fords in the large +rivers, and the like---the Indians kill great numbers of deer with very +little trouble, during their migrations. We looked out for two days from +the summits of the hills adjacent, trying to discover the smoke from the +camps of the Red Indians; but in vain. These hills command a very +extensive view of the country in every direction. + +"We now determined to proceed towards the Red Indians' Lake, sanguine that, +at that known rendezvous, we could find the objects of our search. + +"In about ten days we got a glimpse of this beautifully majestic and +splendid sheet of water. The ravages of fire, which we saw in the woods +for the last two days, indicated that man had been near. We looked down on +the lake, from the hills at the northern extremity, with feelings of +anxiety and admiration:--No canoe could be discovered moving on its placid +surface, in the distance. We were the first Europeans who had seen it in +an unfrozen state, for the three former parties who had visited it before, +were here in the winter, when its waters were frozen and covered over with +snow. They had reached it from below, by way of the River Exploits, on the +ice. We approached the lake with hope and caution; but found to our +mortification that the Red Indians had deserted it for some years past. My +party had been so excited, so sanguine, and so determined to obtain an +interview of some kind with these people, that, on discovering from +appearances every where around us, that the Red Indians--the terror of the +Europeans as well as the other Indian inhabitants of Newfoundland--no +longer existed, the spirits of one and all of us were very deeply affected. +The old mountaineer was particularly overcome. There were every where +indications, that this had long been the central and undisturbed +rendezvous of the tribe, when they had enjoyed peace and security. But +these primitive people had abandoned it, after having been tormented by +parties of Europeans during the last eighteen years. Fatal rencounters had +on these occasions unfortunately taken place." + +(_To be concluded in our next_.) + + +[5] Since my return, I learn from the captive Red Indian woman + _Shawnawdithit_, that the vapour-bath is chiefly used by old people, + and for rheumatic affections. + + _Shawnawdithit_ is the survivor of three Red Indian females, who were + taken by, or rather who gave themselves up, exhausted with hunger, to + some English furriers, about five years ago, in Notre Dame Bay. She is + the only one of that tribe in the hands of the English, and the only + one that has ever lived so long among them. + + * * * * * + + + +THE SELECTOR, AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_. + + +AN HONOURABLE "INDEPENDENT" FAMILY. + + +The Honourable Mister Augustus Headerton, who lived once in yonder villa, +was the youngest of eleven children, and consequently the junior brother +of the noble Lord of Headerton, nephew of the Honourable Justice +Cleaveland, nephew of Admiral Barrymore, K.C.B., &c. &c. &c.; and cousin +first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, or seventh remove--to all the +honourables and dishonourables in the country. + +When the old earl died, he left four Chancery suits, and a nominal estate +to the heir apparent, to whom he also bequeathed his three younger +brothers and sisters, who had only small annuities from their mother's +fortune, being assured that (to use his own words), "he might _depend_ on +him for the honour of the family, to provide for them handsomely." And so +he did (in his own estimation); his lady sisters had "the run of the +house," and Mr. Augustus Headerton had the run of the stables, the use of +hunters and dogs, and was universally acknowledged to possess "a proper +spirit," because he spent three times more than his income. "He bates the +world and all, for beauty, in a hunting jacket," exclaimed the groom. "He +flies a gate beyant any living sowl I iver seed, and his tallyho, my +jewel--'twould do y'er heart good to hear his tallyho!" said my lord's +huntsman. "He's a generous jontleman as any in the kingdom--I'll say that +for him, any day in the year," echoed the coachman. "He's admired more nor +any jintleman as walks Steven's Green in a month o' Sundays, I'll go bail," +continued Miss Jenny Roe, the ladies' maid. + +"Choose a profession!" Oh! no; impossible. An Irish gentleman choose a +profession! But the Honourable Mr. Augustus Headerton chose a wife, and +threw all his relations, including Lord Headerton, the Honourable Justice +Cleaveland, Admiral Barrymore, K.C.B., and his cousins to the fiftieth +remove, into strong convulsions, or little fits. She, the lady, had sixty +thousand pounds; that, of course, they could not object to. She had eloped +with the Honourable Mr. Augustus Headerton;--mere youthful indiscretion. +She was little and ugly;--that only concerned her husband. She was proud +and extravagant;--those (they said) were lady-like failings. She was +ignorant and stupid;--her sisters-in-law would have pardoned that. She was +vulgar;--that was awkward. Her father was a carcass butcher in Cole's Lane +market--death and destruction! + +It could never be forgiven! the cut direct was unanimously agreed on, and +the little lady turned up her little nose in disdain, as her handsome +barouche rolled past the lumbering carriage of the Right Honourable Lord +Headerton. She persuaded her husband to purchase that beautiful villa, in +view of the family domain, that she might have more frequent opportunities +of bringing, as she elegantly expressed it, "the proud beggars to their +trumps;--and why not?--money's money, all the world over." The Honourable +Mister Augustus _depended_ on his agent for the purchase, and some two +thousand and odd pounds were consequently paid, or said to have been paid, +for it, more than its value. And then commenced the general warfare; full +purse and empty head--_versus_ no purse, and old nobility. They had the +satisfaction of ruining each other--the full purse was emptied by +devouring duns, and the old nobility suffered by its connexion with +vulgarity. + +"I want to know, Honourable Mister Augustus Headerton"--(the lady always +gave the full name when addressing her husband; she used to say it was all +she got for her money),--"I want to know, Honourable Mister Augustus +Headerton, the reason why the music master's lessons, given to the Misses +Headerton (they were blessed with seven sweet pledges of affection), have +not been paid for? I desired the steward to see to it, and you know I +_depend_ on him to settle these matters." + +The Honourable Mrs. Augustus Headerton rang the bell--"Send Martin up." + +"Mister Martin," the lady began, "what is the reason that Mr. Langi's +account has not been paid?" + +"My master, ma'am knows that I have been anxious for him to look over the +accounts; the goings-out are so very great, and the comings-in, as far as +I know"--The Honourable Mister Augustus Headerton spilt some of the +whiskey-punch he was drinking, over a splendid hearth-rug, which drew the +lady's attention from what would have been an unpleasant _eclaircissement_. + +"I cannot understand why difficulties should arise. I am certain I brought +a fortune large enough for all extravagance," was the lady's constant +remark when expenditure was mentioned. Years pass over the heads of the +young--and they grow old; and over the heads of fools--but they never grow +wise. + +The Honourable Mister and Mistress Augustus Headerton were examples of +this truth;--their children grew up around them--but could derive no +support from their parent root. The mother had _depended_ on governesses +and masters for the education of her girls--and on their beauty, +connexions, or accomplishments, to procure them husbands. The father did +not deem the labours of study fit occupation for the sons of an ancient +house:--"_Depend_ upon it," he would say, "they'll all do well with my +connexions--they will be able to command what they please." The Honourable +Mistress Augustus could not now boast of a full purse, for they had long +been living on the memory of their once ample fortune. + +The Honourable Mister Augustus Headerton died, in the forty-fifth year of +his age, of inflammation, caught in an old limekiln, where he was +concealed to avoid an arrest for the sum of 180 guineas, for black Nell, +the famous filly, who won the cup on the Curragh of Kildare--purchased in +his name, but without his knowledge, by his second son, the pride of the +family--commonly called dashing Dick. + +All I know further of the Honourable Mistress Augustus Headerton is, that + + "She played at cards, and died." + +Miss Georgiana--the beauty, and greatest fool of the family, who +_depended_ on her face as a fortune, did get a husband--an old, rich West +India planter, and eloped, six months after marriage, with an officer of +dragoons. + +Miss Celestina was really clever and accomplished. "Use her abilities for +her own support!" Oh, no! not for worlds--Too proud to work, but not too +proud to beg, she _depended_ on her relations, and played toady to all who +would. + +Miss Louisa--not clever; but in all other respects, ditto--ditto. + +Miss Charlotte was always very romantic; refused a respectable banker with +indignation, and married her uncle's footman--for love. + +Having sketched the female part of the family first (a compliment by the +way they do not always receive from their own sex)--I will tell you what I +remember of the gentlemen. + +"The Emperor," as Mr. Augustus was called, from his stately manner and +dignified deportment, aided by as much self-esteem as could well be +contained in a human body, _depended_, without any "compunctuous visitings +of conscience," on the venison, claret, and champagne of his friends, and +thought all the time he did them honour:--and thus he passed his life. + +"Dashing Dick" was the opposite of the Emperor; sung a good song--told a +good story--and gloried in making ladies blush. He _depended_ on his +cousin, Colonel Bloomfield, procuring him a commission in his regiment, +and cheated tailors, hosiers, glovers, coach-makers, and even lawyers, +with impunity. Happily for the world at large, Dashing Dick broke his neck +in a steeple chase, on a stolen horse, which he would have been hanged for +purloining, had he lived a day longer. + +Ferdinand was the bonne-bouche of the family: they used to call him "the +Parson!" Excellent Ferdinand!--he _depended_ on his exertions; and, if +ever the name of Headerton rises in the scale of moral or intellectual +superiority, it will be owing to the steady and virtuous efforts of Mister +Ferdinand Headerton, merchant, in the good city of B----. + +_Sketches of Irish Character, by Mrs. S.C. Hall_. + + * * * * * + + +PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE UNDER DIFFICULTIES. + + +We quote the following from the portion of the _Library of Entertaining +Knowledge_, with the above title--to show the mode in which the heads of +the respective chapters are illustrated: + +_Obscure Origin_. + +"The parents of SEBASTIAN CASTALIO, the elegant Latin translator of the +Bible, were poor peasants, who lived among the mountains in Dauphiny. + +"The Abbé HAUTEFEUILLE, who distinguished himself in the seventeenth +century, by his inventions in clock and watch making, was the son of a +baker. + +"PARINI, the modern satiric poet of Italy, was the son of a peasant, who +died when he was in his boyhood, and left him to be the only support of +his widowed mother; while, to add to his difficulties, he was attacked in +his nineteenth year by a paralysis, which rendered him a cripple for life. + +"The parents of Dr. JOHN PRIDEAUX, who afterwards rose to be Bishop of +Worcester, were in such poor circumstances, that they were with difficulty +able to keep him at school till he had learned to read and write; and he +obtained the rest of his education by walking on foot to Oxford, and +getting employed in the first instance as assistant in the kitchen of +Exeter College, in which society he remained till he gradually made his +way to a fellowship. + +"The father of INIGO JONES, the great architect, who built the +Banqueting-house at Whitehall, and many other well known edifices, was a +cloth-worker; and he himself was also destined originally for a mechanical +employment. + +"Sir EDMUND SAUNDERS, Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench in the +reign of Charles II., was originally an errand boy at the Inns of Court, +and gradually acquired the elements of his knowledge of the law by being +employed to copy precedents. + +"LINNAEUS, the founder of the science of Botany, although the son of the +clergyman of a small village in Sweden, was for some time apprenticed to a +shoemaker; and was only rescued from his humble employment by accidentally +meeting one day a physician named Rothman, who, having entered into +conversation with him, was so much struck with his intelligence, that he +sent him to the university. + +"The father of MICHAEL LOMONOSOFF, one of the most celebrated Russian +poets of the last century, and who eventually attained the highest +literary dignities in his own country, was only a simple fisherman. Young +Lomonosoff had great difficulty in acquiring as much education as enabled +him to read and write; and it was only by running away from his father's +house, and taking refuge in a monastery at Moscow, that he found means to +obtain an acquaintance with the higher branches of literature. + +"The famous BEN JONSON worked for some time as a bricklayer or mason; 'and +let not them blush,' says Fuller, speaking of this circumstance in his +'English Worthies,' with his usual amusing, but often expressive +quaintness, 'let not them blush that have, but those that have not, a +lawful calling. He helped in the building of the new structure of +Lincoln's Inn, when, having a trowel in his hand, he had a book in his +pocket.' + +"PETER RAMUS, one of the most celebrated writers and intrepid thinkers of +the sixteenth century, was employed in his childhood as a shepherd, and +obtained his education by serving as a lacquey in the College of Navarre. + +"The Danish astronomer, LONGOMONTANUS, was the son of a labourer, and, +while attending the academical lectures at Wyburg through the day, was +obliged to work for his support during a part of the night. + +"The elder DAVID PAREUS, the eminent German Protestant divine, who was +afterwards Professor of Theology at Heidelberg, was placed in his youth as +an apprentice, first with an apothecary, and then with a shoemaker. + +"HANS SACHS, one of the most famous of the early German poets, and a +scholar of considerable learning, was the son of a tailor, and served an +apprenticeship himself, first to a shoemaker, and afterwards to a weaver, +at which last trade, indeed, he continued to work during the rest of his +life. + +"JOHN FOLCZ, another old German poet, was a barber. + +"LUCAS CORNELISZ, a Dutch painter of the sixteenth century, who visited +England during the reign of Henry VIII., and was patronized by that +monarch, was obliged, while in his own country, in order to support his +large family, to betake himself to the profession of a cook. + +"Dr. ISAAC MADDOX, who, in the reign of George II., became bishop, first +of St. Asaph, and then of Worcester, and who is well known by his work in +defence of the Doctrine and Discipline of the Church of England, lost both +his parents, who belonged to a very humble rank of life, at an early age, +and was, in the first instance, placed by his friends with a pastrycook. + +"The late Dr. ISAAC MILNER, Dean of Carlisle, and Lucasian Professor of +the Mathematics at Cambridge, who had the reputation of one of the first +mathematicians of that University, and who published some ingenious papers +on Chemistry and Natural Philosophy, in the 'Philosophical Transactions,' +was originally a weaver--as was also his brother JOSEPH, the well known, +author of a 'History of the Church.' Of the same profession was also, in +his younger days, the late Dr. JOSEPH WHITE, Professor of Arabic at Oxford. + +"CASSERIO, a well known Italian anatomist, was initiated in the elements +of Medical Science by a surgeon of Padua, with whom he had lived +originally as a domestic servant. + +"JOHN CHRISTIAN THEDEN, who rose to be chief surgeon to the Prussian army +under Frederick II. had in his youth been apprenticed to a tailor." + +_Influence of Accident in directing Pursuits_. + +"The celebrated Bernard Palissy, to whom France was indebted, in the +sixteenth century, for the introduction of the manufacture of enamelled +pottery, had his attention first attracted to the art, his improvements in +which, form to this time the glory of his name among his countrymen, by +having one day seen by chance a beautiful enamelled cup, which had been +brought from Italy. He was then struggling to support his family by his +attempts in the art of painting, in which he was self-taught; and it +immediately occurred to him that, if he could discover the secret of +making these cups, his toils and difficulties would be at an end. From +that moment his whole thoughts were directed to this object; and in one of +his works he has himself given us such an account of the unconquerable +zeal with which he prosecuted his experiments, as it is impossible to read +without the deepest interest. For some time he had little or nothing to +expend upon the pursuit which he had so much at heart; but at last he +happened to receive a considerable sum of money for a work which he had +finished, and this enabled him to commence his researches. He spent the +whole of his money, however, without meeting with any success, and he was +now poorer than ever. Yet it was in vain that his wife and friends +besought him to relinquish what they deemed his chimerical and ruinous +project. He borrowed more money, with which he repeated his experiments; +and, when he had no more fuel wherewith to feed his furnaces, he cut down +his chairs and tables for that purpose. Still his success was +inconsiderable. He was now actually obliged to give a person, who had +assisted him, part of his clothes by way of remuneration, having nothing +else left; and, with his wife and children starving before his eyes, and +by their appearance silently reproaching him as the cause of their +sufferings, he was at heart miserable enough. But he neither despaired, +nor suffered his friends to know what he felt; persevering, in the midst +of all his misery, a gay demeanour, and losing no opportunity of renewing +his pursuit of the object which he all the while felt confident he should +one day accomplish. And at last, after sixteen years of persevering +exertion, his efforts were crowned with complete success, and his fortune +was made. Palissy was, in all respects, one of the most extraordinary men +of his time; in his moral character displaying a high-mindedness and +commanding energy altogether in harmony with the reach and originality of +conception by which his understanding was distinguished. Although a +Protestant, he had escaped, through the royal favour, from the massacre of +St. Bartholomew; but, having been soon after shut up in the Bastille, he +was visited in his prison by the king, who told him, that if he did not +comply with the established religion, he should be forced, however +unwillingly, to leave him in the hands of his enemies. 'Forced!' replied +Palissy, 'This is not to speak like a king; but they who force you cannot +force me; I can die!' He never regained his liberty, but ended his life in +the Bastille, in the ninetieth year of his age." + + * * * * * + + + +OLD POETS. + + +LOVE. + + What thing is Love, which naught can countervail? + Naught save itself, ev'n such a thing is Love. + And worldly wealth in worth as far doth fail, + As lowest earth doth yield to heav'n above. + Divine is love, and scorneth worldly pelf, + And can be bought with nothing but with self. + +SIR W. RALEIGH. + + * * * * * + + If Love be life, I long to die, + Live they that list for me: + And he that gains the most thereby, + A fool at least shall be. + But he that feels the sorest fits + 'Scapes with no less than loss of wits. + Unhappy life they gain, + Which love do entertain. + +SIR W. RALEIGH. + + * * * * * + + If all the world and Love were young, + And truth in every shepherd's tongue, + These pleasures might my passion move, + To live with thee, and be my love. + But fading flowers in every field, + To winter floods their treasures yield; + A honey'd tongue, a heart of gall, + Is fancy's spring, but sorrow's fall. + +SIR W. RALEIGH.--_Answer to Marlowe's "Come Live," &c_. + + * * * * * + + Passions are likened best to floods and streams; + The shallow murmur, but the deep are dumb, + So, when affections yield discourse, it seems + The bottom is but shallow whence they come: + They that are rich in words must needs discover + They are but poor in that which makes a lover. + +SIR W. RALEIGH. + + * * * * * + + ---- Love is nature's second sun + Causing a spring of virtues where he shines. + And, as without the sun, the world's great eye, + All colours, beauties, both of art and nature, + Are giv'n in vain to men; so, without love + All beauties bred in woman are in vain, + All virtues born in men lie buried; + For love informs them as the sun doth colours. + And as the sun reflecting his warm beams + Against the earth, begets all fruits and flowers, + So love, fair shining in the inward man, + Brings forth in him the honourable fruits + Of valour, wit, virtue, and haughty thoughts, + Brave resolution, and divine discourse. + O! 'tis the paradise! the heaven of earth! + +CHAPMAN. + + * * * * * + + Ladies, though to your conquering eyes + Love owes its chiefest victories, + And borrows those bright arms from you + With which he does the world subdue; + Yet you yourselves are not above + The empire nor the griefs of love. + Then wrack not lovers with disdain, + Lest love on you revenge their pain; + You are not free, because you're fair, + The boy did not his mother spare: + Though beauty be a killing dart, + It is no armour for the heart. + +ETHERIDGE. + + * * * * * + + Come, little infant, love me now. + While thine unsuspected years + Clear thine aged father's brow + From cold jealousy and fears. + Pretty, surely, 'twere to see + By young Love old Time beguil'd; + While our sportings are as free + As the muse's with the child. + + * * * * * + + Now then, love me; Time may take + Thee before my time away; + Of this need we'll virtue make + And learn love before we may. + So we win of doubtful fate; + And if good to us she meant, + We that good shall antedate. + Or, if ill, that ill prevent. + +MARVELL. + + * * * * * + + Hear ye virgins, and I'll teach, + What the times of old did preach: + Rosamond was in a tower + Kept, as Danae, in a tower; + But yet love, who subtle is, + Crept to that, and came to this: + Be ye lock'd up like to these, + Or the rich Hesperides: + Or those babies in your eyes, + In their crystal nurseries; + Notwithstanding love will win, + Or else force a passage in; + And as coy be as you can. + Gifts will get ye, or the man. + +HERRICK. + + * * * * * + + Great Venus, queen of beauty and of grace. + The joy of gods and men, that under sky + Dost fairest shine, and most adorn thy place, + That with thy smiling look dost pacify + The raging seas, and mak'st the storms to fly: + Thee, goddess, thee the winds, the clouds do fear, + And when thou spreadst thy mantle forth on high, + The waters play, and pleasant lands appear, + And heaven laughs, and all the world shows joyous chear. + + * * * * * + + --All the world by thee at first was made, + And daily yet thou dost the same repair, + Ne ought on earth that merry is and glad, + Ne ought on earth that lovely is and fair, + But thou the same for pleasure didst prepare. + Thou art the root of all that joyous is, + Great God of men and women, queen of th' air, + Mother of laughter, and well-spring of bliss, + O graunt that of my love at last I may not miss. + +_Fairy Queen_.--SPENSER. + + * * * * * + + As men tormented with a burning fever, + Dream that with drink they 'suage their grievous thirst, + But when they wake they find their thirst persever, + And to be greater than it was at first; + So she whose thoughts from love sleep could not sever, + Dreamt of that thing for which she 'wake did thirst; + But waking, felt and found it as before, + Her hope still less, and her desire still more. + +SIR J. HARRINGTON. + + * * * * * + + ---- Love is only root and crop of care, + The body's foe, the heart's annoy and cause of pleasures rare + The sickness of the mind and fountain of unrest, + The gulf of guile, the pit of pain, of grief the hollow chest; + A fiery frost, a flame that frozen is with ice, + A heavy burden light to bear, a virtue fraught with vice; + It is a worldlike peace, a safety seeing dread, + A deep despair annexed to hope, a fancy that is fed, + Sweet poison for his taste, a port Charybdis like, + A Scylla for his safety, though a lion that is meek. + +TURBERVILLE. + + * * * * * + +KISSING. + + O kiss! which dost those ruddy gems impart, + Or gems, or fruits, of new found Paradise; + Breathing all bliss and sweet'ning to the heart; + Teaching dumb lips a nobler exercise. + O kiss! which souls, ev'n souls, together ties + By links of love, and only nature's art; + How fain would I paint thee to all men's eyes. + Or of thy gifts, at least, shade out some part. + But she forbids, with blushing words, she says, + She builds her fame on higher-seated praise; + But my heart burns, I cannot silent be. + Then since (dear life,) you fain would have me peace, + And I mad with delight want wit to cease, + Stop you my mouth, with still, still kissing me. + +SIR P. SIDNEY. + + * * * * * + +HEALTH. + + The common ingredients of health and long life are + Great temp'rance, open air, + Easy labour, little care. + +IBID. + + * * * * * + + + +SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. + + +ARRIVAL AT MARGATE. + +_From "The Monthly Club" of Sharpe's London Magazine_. + + +The buildings of Margate now became evident, and every minute developed +some new feature in the landscape; all the party abandoned their sitting +to enjoy the view. The curved pier painted pea green and covered with +Cockneys, now was disclosed to our eyes, and my old friend from Leicester +was again staggered into a profound silence, by being told that a row of +houses with a windmill at the end of it, was _Buenos Ayres_. I saw his +amazement, but he did not betray his ignorance in speech as the French +actress did, who was in London some years since, and when dining on the +Adelphi Terrace was shown Waterloo Bridge. After gazing at it, with a +degree of pathos, partly national and partly theatrical, she heaved a sigh +for the brave fellows who had perished in the neighbourhood, and feelingly +inquired whereabouts the farm of _Haye Saint_ was--this is literally a +fact and is vouched for--nor is the absence of geographical knowledge in +the natives of France, confined to the lady--she is by no means a solitary +instance of the most glorious ignorance of localities.--The Turks too, +talk of Ireland as a disorderly part of London; and an American, during +the last winter, lecturing in Germany, referring to the great improvements +which have recently taken place in England, enumerated, amongst other +stupendous works of art, the Menai Bridge, which he informed his hearers +united IRELAND with WALES. + +As we approached the harbour we seemed to fly--the jetty and pier became +more and more crowded--it was evident we had created "an interest;" the +hurry and bustle on board appeared to increase as we neared the shore, and +the sudden tranquillization of the hubbub by the magical words, "stop her," +of the master evidently excited a mingled feeling of wonder and +satisfaction in the breast of our Leicestershire companion, whose +countenance had previously indicated a strong suspicion that it was the +captain's intention to try the relative strength of our vessel's bow and +the nob end of Mr. Jarvis's jetty. + +I never shall forget his delight as we tranquilly glided to the side of +the landing-place, nor his violent indignation when stepping out of the +boat in a pair of jockey boots, and selecting, what appeared to his +ruralized vision, a _verdant_ spot; his feet slid from under him, and he +got a fall unmodified in its disagreeable results by the excitement of the +sport so prevalent in his native country. + +"Who built this fine stone affair?" said R----, pointing to the pea-green +promenade on our right. + +"The people of Margate," said some one. + +"I thought nobody in England but the king could make a _pier_," said R----. + +"Come, come," cried B----, "let us be grave for a minute or two; we look +more like a parcel of boys landing than a grave and learned body." + +"Youth is the time for punning," said R----. + +"It is no great crime when one is older," said B----. + +"That I deny," answered our wag; "it may be good in _youth_, but it is +_bad in age._" + +The groan which followed this last pun of the voyage reechoed along the +shore, and it was not until we reached Howe's hotel, a sort of Bath York +House stuck in the middle of Golden Square, London, that the tumult died +away. + + * * * * * + + +THE UNICORN. + + +In the physical world, some of our secrets are disappearing; and though +Captain Parry failed to find out the pole, and we believe, with that +worthy navigator, that the world have been dreaming from the beginning, +and that there is no pole; and though Captain Ross will go further and +fare worse, yet things are turning up now and then that our most +benevolent scepticism cannot resist. But among other plunders of the +imagination, they are going to rob us of the unicorn. For two thousand +years and upwards, a short date in the history of human quarrel about +nothings, the sages of this world have been doubting and deciding on the +existence of this showy creature. Pliny would have sworn to his having all +but seen it, and he would have sworn that too, if any one had taken the +trouble to ask him. Kircher, and a few of the German naturalists, and +black-letter fools--every naturalist and black-letter man being more or +less a fool--dug up the question out of the pit of Teutonic dulness, and +ever since, every traveller beyond the Needles, has had his theory, which +was quite as good as his fact, and his fact, which was quite as good as +his theory. + +The topic perished in Germany, being stifled under professor Bopp and +Sanscrit, Professor Semler and Scepticism, Professor Jahn and Jacobinism, +and the whole vast feather-bed suffocation of Professor Kotzebue and +Comedy. But in England it was endeared to us by associations "deep in +every truly British heart," as the chairmen of our tavern parties say over +their third bottle. We had seen it for ages gallantly climbing the +slippery heights of the kingly crown on show boards, carriages, +transparencies, theatres, and the new, matchless, hydropyric, or fiery and +watery fairy palace of Vauxhall. It met us in every material, from the +gilt _confitures_ of Bartholomew fair, to the gold plateau of the "table +laid for sixty," at St. James's. All the dilettanti were immersed in the +great national question of its shape and features. Mr. Barrow, in a +journey of exploration, which extended to three miles beyond the Cape, +believed that he saw it, but strongly doubted its existence. M. Vaillant +never saw it, nor believed that any one ever did, but was as sure of its +existence as if it had slept in his bosom, and been unto him as a daughter. +Mr. Russel had one, which he milked twice a day, and drove in a curricle +to visit the Queen of Madagascar. Doctor Lyall is writing a quarto from +Madagascar, to deny the statement in toto; admitting, however, that there +is a rumour of the being of some nondescript of the kind in the mountains, +somewhat between the size of the elephant and the Shetland pony; but that +he and we think the subject-matter will turn out asinine. But now a Mr. +Ruppell, after a long sojourn in the north-east of Africa, comes at once +to cheer and dishearten us by the discovery, that in Kordofan, if any one +knows where that is, the unicorn exists; stated to be of the size of a +small horse, of the slender make of the gazelle, and furnished with a long, +straight, slender horn in the male, which was wanting in the female. +According to the statements made by various persons, it inhabits the +deserts to the south of Kordofan, is uncommonly fleet, and comes only +occasionally to the Koldagi Heive mountains on the borders of Kordofan. +This, it must be acknowledged, is a sad falling off from the rival of the +lion, that we have honoured so long in the arms of England. But we +sincerely hope, that by the next arrival, it will not degenerate into a +cow, or worse, a goat. But he tells us, that to our knowledge of the +giraffe he has added considerably. He obtained in Nubia and Kordofan five +specimens, two of which were males and three females. He regards the horns +as constituting the principal generic character, they being formed by +distinct bones, united to the frontal and parietal bones by a very obvious +suture, and having throughout the same structure with the other bones. In +both sexes one of these abnormal bones is situated on each branch of the +coronal suture, and the male possesses an additional one placed more +anteriorly, and occupying the middle of the frontal suture. The anomalous +position of this appendage furnishes a complete refutation of the theory +of Camper with regard to the unicorn, that such an occurrence was contrary +to nature, and proves at least the possibility of the existence of such an +animal. Professor Camper is an ass, of course; but when are we to expect +any thing better from the illustrissimi of the land of sour-krout? Give a +Doctor Magnificus his due allowance of the worst tobacco, and the worst +beer in the world, with a ream of half-brown paper, and a Leipsic +catalogue to plunder, and he will in three months write any subject dead-- +smother the plainest truth with an accumulation of absurdity, astonishing, +as the work of a creature with but two hands--and prove that the earth is +but a huge oyster, in which Germany is the pearl; or that man is only a +reclaimed baboon, of which all the wit is centered in Weimar. + +_Monthly Magazine_. + + * * * * * + + + +THE GATHERER. + + + A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. + + SHAKSPEARE. + + * * * * * + + +A PUNSTER. + + +Dr. Barton was a punster. He said, "the fellows of my college wished to +have an organ in the chapel, but I put a stop to it;" whether for the sake +of the pun, or because he disliked music, is uncertain. He invited, for +the love of punning, Mr. Crowe and Mr. Rooke to dine with him; and having +given Mr. Birdmore, another guest, a hint to be rather after the time, on +his appearing, said, "Mr. Rook! Mr. Crowe! I beg leave to introduce one +_Bird more_." He married his niece to a gentleman of the hopeful name of +_Buckle_. The enterprise succeeded beyond his expectation. Mrs. Buckle was +delivered of twins. "A pair of Buckles!" "Boys or girls?" said a +congratulating friend; the answer may be supposed. To him, though it has +been attributed to others, belongs the glory or the shame of having said +to one, who having re-established his health by a diet of milk and eggs, +took a wife:--"So, you have been _egged_ on to matrimony: I hope the +_yoke_ will sit easy on you." + + * * * * * + + +PLAY BILL. + +(_Translated from the Spanish_.) + + + To the sovereign of heaven, + To the mother of the eternal world, + To the Polar Star of Spain, + To the faithful protectress of the Spanish nation, + To the honour and glory of the most Holy Virgin Mary, + For her benefit, and for the propagation of her worship, + The company of comedians will this day give a representation of + the comic piece called Manine. + The celebrated Italian will also dance the Fandango, + and the theatre will be superbly illuminated. + + * * * * * + +"_Write your name at full length_ the _first_ time you order any thing +which you ought to pay for, that the person so employed or ordered may +have no difficulty of applying (legally) if necessary for payment."--_The +advice of one who from a common soldier died in opulence honestly gained +by trade_. + + * * * * * + +A French philosopher placed a statue in his hall, under which was the +follow-distich:-- + + "Whoever you be, Sir, pray take off your castor; + For this is, or has been, or will be your master." + + * * * * * + + +PARIS. + + +The following Notes convey some idea of the extent and resources of the +French capital:-- + +By the last census, 1827, the _population_ of Paris was 890,000. + +_Bread_.--In Paris, 830,000 persons consume 227,760,000 pounds in a year. + +_Printing_.--There are in Paris 80 printing establishments; 600 presses +going; and 3,000 journeymen printers in constant employ. + +_Deaths_.--The _annual mortality_ is 21,033; average of _suicides_ 200, of +whom the greater number are single persons; and on an average, a death +occurs every twenty minutes. Upwards of 1,100 children die annually from +small-pox. + +_Lamps_.--The city is lit with 4,533 oil lamps, with 12,672 wicks. + +_The River_.--The river Seine where it enters Paris is 510 feet broad; at +the Pont Neuf 864 feet, and where it leaves the city 400 feet broad. + +_Hospitals_.--The income of the hospitals is 9,762,154 francs, or about +£406,756.; the average cost to government for a day in the hospital, is +about 11-1/2_d_. The maniacs from two prisons average 3,000 a year; and +the majority of mad persons are unmarried. + +_Lottery_.--The average annual receipts of the lottery is about a million +sterling--of which the treasury receive about £180,000. the remainder +being the adventurers'. + +_Marriages_.--The average of marriages is 6,316, or 1 marriage in every +108 persons. Marriages are most frequent in February, and least in +December. There is rather more than an average of three children to each +marriage. + +_Births_.--The births average 27,000, or 1 birth for every 12 minutes; of +the number, 8,760 are illegitimate. + +_Gaming Houses_.--The annual receipt is £360,000.; the whole expenses +£60,000. Those who lease them clear in 6 years about £83,000. + +_Wine Tax_.--The annual revenue is a million sterling. + +_Theatres_.--There are 10,000 persons daily at the theatres, Of these, it +is estimated, 6,816 pay for admission. The annual average receipts of all +the theatres is £209,298. + +_Tombs_.--The price for a tomb in _Pere la Chaise_, is about £4. without +the right to the grave; some have cost £1,400. Those erected to women +are fewer by half than those for men. + +_Travellers_.--The average since the peace of 1814, is 17,676 English +residents or travellers in Paris. + + * * * * * + + +MOTTO AND TRANSLATION. + + + _Presto et Presto_. + Double quick time. + + * * * * * + + +DIALOGUE BETWEEN GLUTTON AND ECHO. + + +The following lines, written in the year 1609, are said to have induced +Butler to pursue the same idea in his _Hudibras_; + + _Dialogue_. + + _Glutton_.--My belly I do deify. + + _Echo_.--Fie. + + _Glutton_.--Who curbs his appetite's a fool. + + _Echo_.--Ah! fool! + + _Glutton_.--I do not like this abstinence. + + _Echo_.--Hence! + + _Glutton_.--My joy's a feast, my wish is wine. + + _Echo_.--Swine. + + _Glutton_.--We epicures are happy truly. + + _Echo_.--You lie. + + _Glutton_.--May I not, Echo, eat my fill. + + _Echo_.--Ill. + + _Glutton_.--Will it hurt me if I drink too much? + + _Echo_.--Much. + + _Glutton_.--Thou mock'st me nymph, I'll not believe it. + + _Echo_.--Believe it. + + _Glutton_.--Dost thou condemn then what I do? + + _Echo_.--I do. + + _Glutton_.--Is it that which brings infirmities? + + _Echo_.--It is! + + _Glutton_.--Then sweetest temperance I'll love thee. + + _Echo_. I love thee.. + + {If all be true which thou + _Glutton_. { dost tell, + {To gluttony I bid farewell. + + _Echo_.--Farewell. + + W.A. + + * * * * * + + +EPITAPH ON A GAMESTER. + + + Here lies a gamester, poor but willing, + Who left the room without a shilling. + Losing each stake, till he had thrown + His last, and lost the game to Death; + If Paradise his soul has won, + 'Twas a rare stroke of luck i'faith! + + * * * * * + +Suicide is very common among the New Zealanders: thus, a woman who has +been beaten by her husband will perhaps hang herself immediately. + + * * * * * + +LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE + +_Following Novels is already Published_: + + _s_. _d_. + Mackenzie's Man of Feeling 0 6 + Paul and Virginia 0 6 + The Castle of Otranto 0 6 + Almoran and Hamet 0 6 + Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia 0 6 + The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne 0 6 + Rasselas 0 8 + The Old English Baron 0 8 + Nature and Art 0 8 + Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield 0 10 + Sicilian Romance 1 0 + The Man of the World 1 0 + A Simple Story 1 4 + Joseph Andrews 1 6 + Humphry Clinker 1 8 + The Romance of the Forest 1 8 + The Italian 2 0 + Zeluco, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Edward, by Dr Moore 2 6 + Roderick Random 2 6 + The Mysteries of Udolpho 3 6 + Peregrine Pickle 4 6 + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11518 *** diff --git a/11518-h/11518-h.htm b/11518-h/11518-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8657d74 --- /dev/null +++ b/11518-h/11518-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1641 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta name="generator" content= +"HTML Tidy for Solaris (vers 1st October 2003), see www.w3.org" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content= +"text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> +<title>The Mirror of Literature, Volume XIV. No. 387.</title> + +<style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[*/ + + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.short {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.short {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + + .note, .footnote + {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + + span.pagenum + {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt;} + + .poem + {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 1em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 3em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i10 {margin-left: 5em;} + .poem p.i14 {margin-left: 9em;} + + .figure + {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin: auto;} + .figure img + {border: none;} + .figure p + + .side { float:right; + font-size: 75%; + width: 25%; + padding-left:10px; + border-left: dashed thin; + margin-left: 10px; + text-align: left; + text-indent: 0; + font-weight: bold; + font-style: italic;} + --> +/*]]>*/ +</style> +</head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11518 ***</div> + +<hr class="full" /> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page129" name="page129"></a>[pg +129]</span> +<h1>THE MIRROR<br /> +OF<br /> +LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1> +<hr class="full" /> +<table width="100%" summary="Volume, Number, and Date"> +<tr> +<td align="left"><b>Vol. XIV. No. 387.]</b></td> +<td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, AUGUST 29, 1829.</b></td> +<td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONSTANTINOPLE</h2> +<div class="figure" style="width:100%;"><a href= +"images/387-001.png"><img width="100%" src="images/387-001.png" +alt="CONSTANTINOPLE" /></a></div> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page130" name="page130"></a>[pg +130]</span> +<h3>CONSTANTINOPLE.</h3> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Queen of the Morn! Sultana of the East!"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The splendour and extent of Constantinople are not within the +compass of one of our pages; but the annexed Engraving furnishes +some idea of a section of this queen of cities. It extends from +Seraglio Point to the Janissaries' Tower, and though commanding +only a portion of the city, includes the domes of the magnificent +mosques of Santa Sophia and the Sultan Achmet, which rise from a +vast assemblage of towers, palaces, minarets, &c. in every +style of architecture.</p> +<p>We have so often and so recently touched upon the ancient and +modern state of Constantinople, that we fear a recapitulation of +its splendour would be uninviting to our readers.<a id= +"footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href= +"#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> Nevertheless, as its mention is so +frequently coupled with the seat of war, and the "expulsion of the +Turks from Europe," our illustration will at this period be +interesting, as well as in some measure, explanatory of the +position of the city, which is so advantageous as to make it appear +fit for the seat of dominion over the whole world. Can we then be +surprised at its forming so tempting a lure to surrounding +nations?</p> +<p>The city stands at the eastern extremity of Romania, on a neck +of land that advances towards Natolia; on the south it is washed by +the sea of Marmora, and on the north-east by the gulf of the Golden +Horn. It is built, like ancient Rome, on seven hills, rising one +above the other in beautiful succession, and sloping gently towards +the water; the whole forming an irregular triangle, about twelve +miles in circumference, the entire of which space is closely +covered with palaces, mosques, baths, fountains, and houses; at a +short distance the proudly swelling domes of 300 mosques, the tall +and elegant minarets, crowned by glittering crescents, the ancient +towers on the walls, and the gaudily coloured kiosks and houses +rising above the stupendous trees in the seraglio, situated on the +extreme point, form a rich, picturesque, and extraordinary scene. +The gulf of the Golden Horn, to the north-east of the city, forms a +noble and capacious harbour, four miles in length, by half a mile +in breadth, capable of securely containing 1,200 ships of the +largest size, and is generally filled with the curiously built +vessels and gaily decorated boats of the Turks; on the opposite +shore is the maritime town of Galata, containing the docks, +arsenals, cannon founderies, barracks, &c.; above which stands +the populous suburb of Pera, the residence of the foreign ministers +of the Porte, and all foreigners of distinction, none whatever +being allowed to reside in the city. Beyond, as far as the eye can +reach, is an immense forest of cypress and mulberry trees, being +the extensive cemeteries of all persuasions. From Galata, the +European shore of the Bosphorus forms one continued line of towns; +palaces in every style of architecture, pleasure gardens, and +romantic villages. On the opposite, or Asiatic shore, stands the +extensive town of Scutari, also a suburb of Constantinople, +although in another quarter of the globe, and separated by a sea a +mile in breadth; and at a short distance is the ancient and ruinous +city of Calcedone. The group of the Prince's Islands, in the Sea of +Marmora, and the snow-clad summit of Mount Olympus, close the +prospect. Such is a mere outline of the natural and artificial +beauty of Constantinople.</p> +<p>The city itself is surrounded by walls, built of freestone, with +alternate layers of Roman brick, flanked by 478 towers; the walls, +however, are in several places so dilapidated as to be incapable of +any defence without great reparation. On the land side, the +fortifications consist of a triple wall, with towers at every 150 +yards; the first wall being 30 feet in height; the second 20, and +about 30 feet from the first; the third is twelve feet in height; +beyond this is a fosse, thirty feet wide, now converted into +gardens, and filled with fine grown trees, and a low counterscarp. +There are five gates on this side, and several to the water. The +streets, of which there are 3,770, with the exception of two or +three, are narrow, irregular, badly paved, and exceedingly dirty, +the only scavengers being vultures and half-starved dogs. There are +fourteen imperial mosques, about 200 others, and above that number +of messjids or chapels. The number of houses is prodigious; in +1796, the register of Effendissy gave 88,185 within the walls; they +are mostly constructed of wood, and the dwellings of the lower +classes are mere wooden boxes, cool in summer, the windows being +unglazed, and in winter heated by pans of charcoal. Fires are +consequently very frequent. The khans, or warehouses of the +merchants are, however, fireproof; the bazaars <span class= +"pagenum"><a id="page131" name="page131"></a>[pg 131]</span> are +also defended from fire, and are well built; and coffeehouses very +numerous. The city is amply supplied with water, there being 730 +public baths, a superb fountain in the Chinese taste in every +street, and few houses without similar provision. The population of +the city and suburbs is estimated at upwards of 600,000; of these +above one half are Turks, the remainder Jews, Franks, Greeks, +&c.</p> +<p>We have only space to particularize a few of the most prominent +buildings in our view. To the left is the Seraglio Point, or superb +palace of the Sultan, whose treasures almost realize the fables of +romance. Next is the superb dome of the Mosque of the Sultan +Achmet, without exception the finest building ever raised by the +Turks. It is surrounded by a lofty colonnade of marble, of various +colours, surmounted by 30 small domes: the large dome is supported +by four gigantic piers, covered as well as most of the interior, +with fresco paintings; it is rich in columns of verd antique, +Egyptian granite, and white marble; there are also four smaller +domes, similarly ornamented. Next, near the centre of the Engraving +is the Mosque of Santa Sophia, a truly superb and perfect monument +of antiquity, built at an expense of 320,000 pounds of silver, +(some authors say gold. <a id="footnotetag2" name= +"footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a>) Next in +importance are the Mosques of the Sultans Osmyn, Bajazet, and +Selim; and the Gulf of the Golden Horn, or the Harbour.</p> +<p>Among the suburbs of Constantinople, Scutari is not the least +interesting, inasmuch as it leads us to notice the funereal customs +of the Turks, and their cemeteries, of which Scutari is the +principal site.</p> +<p>Interment almost immediately follows upon the decease of the +person; a practice common to all classes at Constantinople. The +corpse is carried to the grave on a bier by the friends of the +deceased: this is considered as a religious duty, it being declared +in the Koran, that he who carries a dead body the space of forty +paces, procures for himself the expiation of a great sin.<a id= +"footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a> <a href= +"#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> The graves are shallow, and thin +boards only, laid over the corpse, protect it from the immediate +pressure of the earth, which is set with flowers, according to the +custom of the Pythagoreans, and a cypress tree is planted near +every new grave. As a grave is never opened a second time, a vast +tract of country is occupied with these burial-fields, which add by +no means to the salubrity of the vicinity. Much is gained, +unquestionably, as regards the health of the inhabitants, by +burying without the cities; but the shallowness of the graves +contributes to render these vast accumulations of animal dust, at +certain seasons more especially, a source of pestilential miasmata. +The cemeteries near Scutari are immense, owing to the predilection +which the Turks of Europe preserve for being buried in +Asia—that quarter of the world in which are situated the holy +cities, Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem, and Damascus. The author of +Anastasius gives the following vivid description of this +extraordinary spot:—</p> +<p>"A dense and motionless cloud of stagnant vapours ever shrouds +these dreary realms. From afar, a chilling sensation informs the +traveller that he approaches their dark and dismal precincts; and +as he enters them, an icy blast, rising from their inmost bosom, +rushes forth to meet his breath, suddenly strikes his chest, and +seems to oppose his progress. His very horse snuffs up the deadly +effluvia with signs of manifest terror, and, exhaling a cold and +clammy sweat, advances reluctantly over a hollow ground, which +shakes as he treads it, and loudly re-echoes his slow and fearful +step. So long and so busily has time been at work to fill this +chosen spot—so repeatedly has Constantinople poured into this +ultimate receptacle almost its whole contents—that the +capital of the living, spite of its immense population, scarcely +counts a single breathing inhabitant for every ten silent inmates +of this city of the dead. Already do its fields of blooming +sepulchres stretch far away on every side, across the brow of the +hills and the bend of the valleys; already are the avenues which +cross each other at every step in <span class="pagenum"><a id= +"page132" name="page132"></a>[pg 132]</span> this domain of death, +so lengthened, that the weary stranger, from whatever point he +comes, still finds before him many a dreary mile of road between +marshalled tombs and mournful cypresses, ere he reaches his +journey's seemingly receding end; and yet, every year does this +common patrimony of all the heirs to decay, still exhibit a rapidly +increasing size, a fresh and wider line of boundary, and a new belt +of young plantations, growing up between new flower beds of +graves.</p> +<p>"There, said I to myself, lie, scarcely one foot beneath the +surface of a swelling soil, ready to burst at every point with its +festering contents, more than half the generations whom death has +continued to mow down for nearly four centuries in the vast capital +of Islamism. There lie, side by side, on the same level, in cells +the size of their bodies, and only distinguished by a marble turban +somewhat longer or deeper—somewhat rounder or +squarer—personages, in life, far as heaven and earth asunder, +in birth, in station, in gifts of nature, and in long laboured +acquirements. There lie, sunk alike in their last sleep—alike +food for the worm that lives on death—the conqueror who +filled the universe with his name, and the peasant scarcely known +in his own hamlet; Sultan Mahmoud, and Sultan Mahmoud's perhaps +more deserving horse;<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a> +<a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a> elders bending under the +weight of years, and infants of a single hour; men with intellects +of angels, and men with understandings inferior to those of brutes; +the beauty of Georgia and the black of Sennaar; visiers, beggars, +heroes, and women.'"</p> +<p>The approach to Constantinople from the sea of Marmora is +likewise thus beautifully described by the same author, and will +form an appropriate conclusion:</p> +<p>"With eyes rivetted on the expanding splendour, I watched as +they came out of the bosom of the surrounding waters, the pointed +minarets, the swelling cupolas, and the innumerable habitations, +either stretching along the jagged shore, and reflecting their +shape in the mirror of the deep, or creeping up the crested +mountain, and tracing their outline on the expanse of the sky. At +first agglomerated in a single confused mass, the lesser part of +this immense whole seemed, as we advanced, by degrees to unfold, to +disengage themselves from each other, and to grow into various +groups, divided by wide chasms and deep indentures; until at last +the clusters, thus far still distantly connected, became +transformed, as if by magic, into three distinct cities, each +individually of prodigious extent, and each separated from the +other two by a wide arm of that sea whose silver tide encompassed +their base, and made its vast circuit rest half on Europe, and half +on Asia."</p> +<p>Since writing the above we have visited Mr. Burford's <i>New +Panorama of Constantinople</i>, which has lately been opened for +exhibition in the Strand; and although we cannot in this Number +enter into the detail of its merits, we recommend it to our +lionizing friends as one of Mr. Burford's most finished paintings, +and equal if not superior in effect to any exhibition in the +metropolis; but we reserve an account of its pictorial beauties for +our next publication.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>TWO SONNETS.</h3> +<h4><i>To M—— F——</i>.</h4> +<h4><i>(For the Mirror.)</i></h4> +<p>I.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>I met thee, ——, when the leaves were green</p> +<p class="i4">And living verdure clothed the countless trees</p> +<p class="i4">When meadow flowers allured the summer bees</p> +<p>And silvery skies shone o'er the cloudless scene</p> +<p>Bright as my thoughts when wand'ring to thy home</p> +<p class="i4">Where Nature looks <i>as though she were +divine</i></p> +<p class="i4">Not in the richness of the rip'ning vine</p> +<p>Not in the splendour of imperial Rome.</p> +<p>It is a ruder scene of rocks and trees</p> +<p class="i4">Where even barrenness is beauty—where</p> +<p class="i4">The glassy lake, below the mountain bare</p> +<p>Curls up its waters 'neath the casual breeze</p> +<p>And, 'midst the plenitude of flower and bud</p> +<p>Sweet violets hide them in the hilly wood.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>II.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>I parted with thee one autumnal day</p> +<p class="i4">When o'er the woods the northern tempest +beat—</p> +<p class="i4">The spoils of autumn rustling at our feet</p> +<p>And Nature wept to see her own decay.</p> +<p>The pliant poplar bent beneath the blast</p> +<p class="i4">The moveless oak stood warring with the storm</p> +<p class="i4">Which bow'd the pensive willow's weaker form</p> +<p>And naught gave token that thy love would last</p> +<p>Save the mute eloquence of forcing tears</p> +<p class="i4">Save the low pleading of thy ardent sighs</p> +<p class="i4">The fervent gazing of thy glowing eyes</p> +<p>A firm assurance, spite of all my fears</p> +<p>That, as the sunshine dries the summer rain</p> +<p>Thy <i>future</i> smile should bless for parting pain.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>* * H.</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page133" name="page133"></a>[pg +133]</span> +<h3>ILLUSTRATION OF SOME OLD PROVERBS, &c.</h3> +<h4><i>(For the Mirror.)</i></h4> +<p><i>"Ax." To ask</i>. This word which now passes for a mere +vulgarism, is the original Saxon form, and used by Chaucer and +others. See "Tyrwhitt's Glossary." We find it also in Bishop Bale's +"God's Promises." "That their synne vengeaunce <i>axed</i> +continually." Old Plays. i. 18. Also in the "Four P.'s," by +Heywood, "And <i>axed</i> them thys question than." Old Pl. i. 84. +An <i>axing</i> is used by Chaucer for a request. Ben Jonson +introduces it jocularly:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"A man out of wax,</p> +<p>As a lady would ax."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em"><i>Masques</i>, vol. 6, p. +85.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<p>"<i>Between the Cup and the Lip</i>." The proverb that many +things fall out between the cup and the lip, is a literal version +of one in Latin. <i>Multo inter pocula ac libra cadunt</i>. The +origin of which was as follows:—A king of Thrace had planted +a vineyard, when one of his slaves, whom he had much oppressed in +that very work, prophesied that he should never taste of the wine +produced in it. The monarch disregarded the prediction, and when at +an entertainment he held a glassful of his own wine made from the +grape of that vineyard, he sent for the slave, and asked him what +he thought of his prophecy now; to which the other replied, "Many +things fall out between the cup and the lip," and he had scarcely +delivered this singular response, before news was brought that a +monstrous boar was laying waste the favourite vineyard. The king, +in a rage, put down the cup which he held in his hand, and hurried +out with his people to attack the boar; but being too eager, the +boar rushed upon him and killed him, without having tasted of the +wine. Such is the story related by some of the Greek writers, and +though evidently apocryphal, it certainly is productive of a good +practical moral.</p> +<p>"<i>In the merry pin</i>." This is said of those who have drunk +freely and are cheerful in their cups. Among the ancient northern +nations, it was customary to drink out of large horns, in which +were placed small pins, like a scale of distances, and he who +quaffed most was considered as a toper of the first magnitude, and +respected accordingly. The merry pin was that which stood pretty +far from the mouth of the horn, and he who, at a draught, reduced +the liquor to that point, was a man of no ordinary prowess in +bacchanalian contest.</p> +<p>"<i>Under the Rose be it spoken</i>." The rose being dedicated +by Cupid to Harpocrates, the god of Silence, to engage him to +conceal the amours of Venus, was an emblem of Silence; whence to +present it or hold it up to any person in discourse, served instead +of an admonition, that it was time for him to hold his peace; and +in entertaining rooms it was customary to place a rose above the +table, to signify that what was there spoken should be kept +private. This practice is described by the following +epigram:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Est rosa flos, Veneris cujus quo facta laterunt,</p> +<p>Harpocrati matri dona dicavit Amor,</p> +<p>Inde rosam mensis hospes suspendit amicis</p> +<p>Convivii et sub ea dicta tacenda sciat.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em"><i>Potter's Ant. +Greece</i>.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<p>"<i>Cant</i>." This word, which is now generally applied to +fanatical preachers, and hypocritical apprentices in religion, +derives its name from two Scotch Presbyterian ministers, in the +reign of Charles II. They were father and son, both called Andrew +Cant; and Whitelocke in his "Memoirs," p. 511, after narrating the +defeat at Worcester, in 1651, says, "Divers Scotch ministers were +permitted to meet at Edinburgh, to keep a day of humiliation, as +they pretended, for their too much compliance with the King," and +in the same month when Lord Argyll had called a parliament, Mr. +Andrew Cant, a minister, said in his pulpit, that "God was bound to +hold this parliament, for that all other parliaments was called by +man, but this was brought about by his own hand."</p> +<p>"<i>An't please the Pigs</i>." In this phrase there is not only +a peculiarity of dialect, but the corruption of a word, and a +change of one thing for another. In the first place, <i>an</i>, in +the midland counties, is used for if; and pigs is evidently a +corruption of Pyx, the sacred vessel containing the host in Roman +Catholic countries. In the last place, the vessel is substituted +for the power itself, by an easy metonymy in the same manner as +when we talk of "the sense of the house," we do not mean to ascribe +intelligence to a material building; but to the persons in it +assembled for a deliberate purpose; the expression therefore +signifies no more than "<i>Deo volente</i>," or God willing.</p> +<p>"<i>Bumper</i>." In many parts of England any thing large is +called a bumper. Hence a bumping lass is a large girl of her age, +and a bumpkin is a large-limbed, uncivilized rustic; the idea of +grossness of size entering into the idea of a country bumpkin, as +well as that <span class="pagenum"><a id="page134" name= +"page134"></a>[pg 134]</span>of unpolished rudeness. Dr. Johnson, +however, strangely enough deduces the word bumpkin from bump; but +what if it should prove to be a corruption of bumbard, or bombard: +in low Latin, bombardus, a great gun, and from thence applied to a +large flagon, or full glass. Thus the Lord Chamberlain says to the +porters who had been negligent in keeping out the mob.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i14">"You are lazy knaves:</p> +<p>And here ye lie, baiting of bombard, when</p> +<p>Ye should do service."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em"><i>Shaks. Hen</i>. VIII. +<i>Act</i> 5, <i>Scene</i> 3.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<p>"Baiting of bombard" is a term for sitting and drinking, which +Nash in his "Supplycacyon to the Deuyll," calls by the like +metaphor, "bear baiting." So Shakspeare again in the "Tempest," +says,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Yond same black cloud, yond huge one,</p> +<p>Seems like foul bombard, that would shed his liquor."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em"><i>Tempest, Act</i> 2, +<i>Scene</i> 2.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Which Theobald rightly explains thus: "A large vessel for +holding drink, as well as the piece of ordinance so called."</p> +<p>"<i>Latter Lammas</i>." Lammas day is the first day of August, +so called quasi, Lamb-mass, on which day the tenants that hold +lands of the Cathedral of York, which is dedicated to St. Peter, ad +Vincula, were bound by that tenure to bring a living lamb into the +church at high mass.—<i>Cornell's Interpreter</i>. Lammas day +was always a great day of account, for in the payment of rents our +ancestors distributed the year into four quarters, ending at +Candlemas, Whitsuntide, Lammas, and Martinmas, and this was as +common as the present divisions of Lady day, Midsummer, Michaelmas, +and Christmas. In regard to Lammas, in addition to its being one of +the days of reckoning, it appears from the Confessor's laws, that +it was the specific day whereon the Peter-pence, a tax very +rigorously executed, and the punctual payment of which was enforced +under a severe penalty, was paid. In this view then, Lammas stands +as a day of account, and Latter Lammas will consequently signify +the day of doom, which in effect, as to all payments of money, or +worldly transactions in money, is never. Latter here is used for +last, or the comparative for the superlative, just as it is in a +like case in our version of the book of Job, "I know that my +redeemer liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the +earth," meaning of course the last day, or the end of the world. +That the last day, or Latter Lammas, as to all temporal affairs is +never, may be illustrated by the following story:—A man at +confession owned his having stolen a sow and pigs; the father +confessor exhorted him to make restitution. The penitent said some +were sold, and some were killed, but the priest not satisfied with +this excuse, told him they would appear against him at the day of +judgment if he did not make restitution to the owner, upon which +the man replied, "Well, I'll return them to him then."</p> +<p>"<i>Lydford Law</i>." In Devonshire and Cornwall this saying is +common:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"First hang and draw,</p> +<p>Then hear the cause by Lydford Law."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Sometimes it is expressed in this manner; "Lydford Law, by which +they hang men first, and try them afterwards." Lydford was formerly +a town of note, but now an inconsiderable village on the borders of +Dartmoor, not far from Tavistock. It is famous for a ruined castle, +under which is a dungeon that used to be a prison for the +confinement of persons who offended against the Stannary Courts of +Tavistock, Ashburton, Chapford, and Plimpton. These Stannary Courts +were erected by a charter of Edward III. for the purpose of +regulating the affairs of the tin mines in Devonshire, and of +determining causes among the tinners, whether criminal, or actions +for debt. The proceedings were very summary, and the prison +horribly offensive. Near Lydford is a famous waterfall, and a most +romantic view down the river Lyd; over which is a curious bridge +built with one arch. The parish is the largest in the kingdom, +including the whole Forest of Dartmoor. William Browne of +Tavistock, and the author of <i>Britannia's Pastorals</i>, gives a +humorous description of Lydford in the reign of James I.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>THE CONTEMPORARY TRAVELLER.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3>JOURNEY IN SEARCH OF THE RED INDIANS OF NEWFOUNDLAND.</h3> +<p>In the island of Newfoundland, an institution has been formed +for opening a communication with, and promoting the civilization +of, the Red Indians; and procuring, if possible, an authentic +history of that unhappy race of people, in order that their +language, customs, and pursuits, may be contrasted with those of +other tribes of Indians and nations. The interior of the island is +less known than any other British possessions abroad; but, from the +exertions of the above Society, more information has been collected +concerning the natives, than has been obtained during the two +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page135" name="page135"></a>[pg +135]</span> centuries and a half in which Newfoundland has been in +possession of Europeans. The last journey was undertaken by W.E. +Cormack, Esq., president of the Society. His report has appeared in +a recent Number of the <i>Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal</i>, +and will, we are persuaded, be interesting to our readers:</p> +<p>"My party," says Mr. Cormack, "consisted of three Indians, whom +I procured from among the other different tribes, viz. an +intelligent and able man of the Abenakie tribe, from Canada; an +elderly Mountaineer from Labrador; and an adventurous young +Micmack, a native of this island, together with myself. It was my +intention to have commenced our search at White Bay, which is +nearer the northern extremity of the island than where we did, and +to have travelled southward. But the weather not permitting to +carry my party thither by water, after several days' delay, I +unwillingly changed my line of route.</p> +<p>"On the 31st of October, 1828, last, we entered the country at +the mouth of the River Exploits, on the north side, at what is +called the Northern Arm. We took a north-westerly direction, to +lead us to Hall's Bay, which place we reached through an almost +uninterrupted forest, over a hilly country, in eight days. This +tract comprehends the country interior from New Bay, Badger Bay, +Seal Bay, &c.; these being minor bays, included in Green or +Notre Dame Bay, at the north-east part of the island, and well +known to have been always heretofore the summer residence of the +Red Indians.</p> +<p>"On the fourth day after our departure, at the east end of +Badger Bay-Great Lake, at a <i>portage</i> known by the name of the +Indian Path, we found traces made by the Red Indians, evidently in +the spring or summer of the preceding year. Their party had had two +canoes; and here was a <i>canoe-rest</i>, on which the daubs of red +ochre, and the roots of trees used to fasten or tie it together +appeared fresh. A canoe-rest, is simply a few beams supported +horizontally about five feet from the ground, by perpendicular +posts. A party with two canoes, when descending from the interior +to the sea-coast, through such a part of the country as this, where +there are troublesome portages, leave one canoe resting, bottom up, +on this kind of frame, to protect it from injury by the weather, +until their return. Among other things which lay strewed about +here, were a spearshaft, eight feet in length, recently made and +ochred; parts of old canoes, fragments of their skin-dresses, +&c. For some distance around, the trunks of many of the birch, +and of that species of spruce pine called here the Var (<i>Pinus +balsamifera</i>) had been rinded; these people using the inner part +of the bark of that kind of tree for food. Some of the cuts in the +trees with the axe, were evidently made the preceding year. Besides +these, we were elated by other encouraging signs. The traces left +by the Red Indians are so peculiar, that we were confident those we +saw here were made by them.</p> +<p>"This spot has been a favourite place of settlement with these +people. It is situated at the commencement of a <i>portage</i>, +which forms a communication by a path between the sea-coast at +Badger Bay, about eight miles to the north-east, and a chain of +lakes extending westerly and southerly from hence, and discharging +themselves by a rivulet into the River Exploits, about thirty miles +from its mouth. A path also leads from this place to the lakes, +near New Bay, to the eastward. Here are the remains of one of their +villages, where the vestiges of eight or ten winter +<i>mamatecks</i>, or wigwams, each intended to contain from six to +eighteen or twenty people, are distinctly seen close together. +Besides these, there are the remains of a number of summer wigwams. +Every winter wigwam has close by it a small square-mouthed or +oblong pit, dug into the earth, about four feet deep, to preserve +their stores, &c. in. Some of these pits were lined with birch +rind. We discovered also in this village the remains of a +vapour-bath. The method used by the Boeothicks to raise the steam, +was by pouring water on large stones made very hot for the purpose, +in the open air, by burning a quantity of wood around them; after +this process, the ashes were removed, and a hemispherical framework +closely covered with skins, to exclude the external air, was fixed +over the stones. The patient then crept in under the skins, taking +with him a birch-rind bucket of water, and a small bark-dish to dip +it out, which, by pouring on the stones, enabled him to raise the +steam at pleasure.<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a> +<a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a></p> +<p>"At Hall's Bay we got no useful <span class="pagenum"><a id= +"page136" name="page136"></a>[pg 136]</span> information, from the +three (and the only) English families settled there. Indeed we +could hardly have expected any; for these, and such people, have +been the unchecked and ruthless destroyers of the tribe, the +remnant of which we were in search of. After sleeping one night in +a <i>house</i>, we again struck into the country to the +westward.</p> +<p>"In five days we were on the high lands south of White Bay, and +in sight of the high lands east of the Bay of Islands, on the west +coast of Newfoundland. The country south and west of us was low and +flat, consisting of marshes, extending in a southerly direction +more than thirty miles. In this direction lies the famous Red +Indians' Lake. It was now near the middle of November, and the +winter had commenced pretty severely in the interior. The country +was every where covered with snow, and, for some days past, we had +walked over the small ponds on the ice. The summits of the hills on +which we stood had snow on them, in some places, many feet deep. +The deer were migrating from the rugged and dreary mountains in the +north, to the low mossy barren, and more woody parts in the south; +and we inferred, that if any of the Red Indians had been at White +Bay during the past summer, they might be at that time stationed +about the borders of the low tract of country before us, at the +<i>deer-passes</i>, or were employed somewhere else in the +interior, killing deer for winter provision. At these passes, which +are particular places in the migration lines of path, such as the +extreme ends of, and straights in, many of the large +lakes—the foot of valleys between high and rugged +mountains—fords in the large rivers, and the like—-the +Indians kill great numbers of deer with very little trouble, during +their migrations. We looked out for two days from the summits of +the hills adjacent, trying to discover the smoke from the camps of +the Red Indians; but in vain. These hills command a very extensive +view of the country in every direction.</p> +<p>"We now determined to proceed towards the Red Indians' Lake, +sanguine that, at that known rendezvous, we could find the objects +of our search.</p> +<p>"In about ten days we got a glimpse of this beautifully majestic +and splendid sheet of water. The ravages of fire, which we saw in +the woods for the last two days, indicated that man had been near. +We looked down on the lake, from the hills at the northern +extremity, with feelings of anxiety and admiration:—No canoe +could be discovered moving on its placid surface, in the distance. +We were the first Europeans who had seen it in an unfrozen state, +for the three former parties who had visited it before, were here +in the winter, when its waters were frozen and covered over with +snow. They had reached it from below, by way of the River Exploits, +on the ice. We approached the lake with hope and caution; but found +to our mortification that the Red Indians had deserted it for some +years past. My party had been so excited, so sanguine, and so +determined to obtain an interview of some kind with these people, +that, on discovering from appearances every where around us, that +the Red Indians—the terror of the Europeans as well as the +other Indian inhabitants of Newfoundland—no longer existed, +the spirits of one and all of us were very deeply affected. The old +mountaineer was particularly overcome. There were every where +indications, that this had long been the central and undisturbed +rendezvous of the tribe, when they had enjoyed peace and security. +But these primitive people had abandoned it, after having been +tormented by parties of Europeans during the last eighteen years. +Fatal rencounters had on these occasions unfortunately taken +place."</p> +<p><i>(To be concluded in our next.)</i></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>THE SELECTOR, AND LITERARY NOTICES OF <i>NEW WORKS</i>.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3>AN HONOURABLE "INDEPENDENT" FAMILY.</h3> +<p>The Honourable Mister Augustus Headerton, who lived once in +yonder villa, was the youngest of eleven children, and consequently +the junior brother of the noble Lord of Headerton, nephew of the +Honourable Justice Cleaveland, nephew of Admiral Barrymore, K.C.B., +&c. &c. &c.; and cousin first, second, third, fourth, +fifth, sixth, or seventh remove—to all the honourables and +dishonourables in the country.</p> +<p>When the old earl died, he left four Chancery suits, and a +nominal estate to the heir apparent, to whom he also bequeathed his +three younger brothers and sisters, who had only small annuities +from their mother's fortune, being assured that (to use his own +words), "he might <i>depend</i> on him for the honour of the +family, to provide for them handsomely." And so he did (in +his<span class="pagenum"><a id="page137" name="page137"></a>[pg +137]</span> own estimation); his lady sisters had "the run of the +house," and Mr. Augustus Headerton had the run of the stables, the +use of hunters and dogs, and was universally acknowledged to +possess "a proper spirit," because he spent three times more than +his income. "He bates the world and all, for beauty, in a hunting +jacket," exclaimed the groom. "He flies a gate beyant any living +sowl I iver seed, and his tallyho, my jewel—'twould do y'er +heart good to hear his tallyho!" said my lord's huntsman. "He's a +generous jontleman as any in the kingdom—I'll say that for +him, any day in the year," echoed the coachman. "He's admired more +nor any jintleman as walks Steven's Green in a month o' Sundays, +I'll go bail," continued Miss Jenny Roe, the ladies' maid.</p> +<p>"Choose a profession!" Oh! no; impossible. An Irish gentleman +choose a profession! But the Honourable Mr. Augustus Headerton +chose a wife, and threw all his relations, including Lord +Headerton, the Honourable Justice Cleaveland, Admiral Barrymore, +K.C.B., and his cousins to the fiftieth remove, into strong +convulsions, or little fits. She, the lady, had sixty thousand +pounds; that, of course, they could not object to. She had eloped +with the Honourable Mr. Augustus Headerton;—mere youthful +indiscretion. She was little and ugly;—that only concerned +her husband. She was proud and extravagant;—those (they said) +were lady-like failings. She was ignorant and stupid;—her +sisters-in-law would have pardoned that. She was vulgar;—that +was awkward. Her father was a carcass butcher in Cole's Lane +market—death and destruction!</p> +<p>It could never be forgiven! the cut direct was unanimously +agreed on, and the little lady turned up her little nose in +disdain, as her handsome barouche rolled past the lumbering +carriage of the Right Honourable Lord Headerton. She persuaded her +husband to purchase that beautiful villa, in view of the family +domain, that she might have more frequent opportunities of +bringing, as she elegantly expressed it, "the proud beggars to +their trumps;—and why not?—money's money, all the world +over." The Honourable Mister Augustus <i>depended</i> on his agent +for the purchase, and some two thousand and odd pounds were +consequently paid, or said to have been paid, for it, more than its +value. And then commenced the general warfare; full purse and empty +head—<i>versus</i> no purse, and old nobility. They had the +satisfaction of ruining each other—the full purse was emptied +by devouring duns, and the old nobility suffered by its connexion +with vulgarity.</p> +<p>"I want to know, Honourable Mister Augustus +Headerton"—(the lady always gave the full name when +addressing her husband; she used to say it was all she got for her +money),—"I want to know, Honourable Mister Augustus +Headerton, the reason why the music master's lessons, given to the +Misses Headerton (they were blessed with seven sweet pledges of +affection), have not been paid for? I desired the steward to see to +it, and you know I <i>depend</i> on him to settle these +matters."</p> +<p>The Honourable Mrs. Augustus Headerton rang the bell—"Send +Martin up."</p> +<p>"Mister Martin," the lady began, "what is the reason that Mr. +Langi's account has not been paid?"</p> +<p>"My master, ma'am knows that I have been anxious for him to look +over the accounts; the goings-out are so very great, and the +comings-in, as far as I know"—The Honourable Mister Augustus +Headerton spilt some of the whiskey-punch he was drinking, over a +splendid hearth-rug, which drew the lady's attention from what +would have been an unpleasant <i>eclaircissement</i>.</p> +<p>"I cannot understand why difficulties should arise. I am certain +I brought a fortune large enough for all extravagance," was the +lady's constant remark when expenditure was mentioned. Years pass +over the heads of the young—and they grow old; and over the +heads of fools—but they never grow wise.</p> +<p>The Honourable Mister and Mistress Augustus Headerton were +examples of this truth;—their children grew up around +them—but could derive no support from their parent root. The +mother had <i>depended</i> on governesses and masters for the +education of her girls—and on their beauty, connexions, or +accomplishments, to procure them husbands. The father did not deem +the labours of study fit occupation for the sons of an ancient +house:—"<i>Depend</i> upon it," he would say, "they'll all do +well with my connexions—they will be able to command what +they please." The Honourable Mistress Augustus could not now boast +of a full purse, for they had long been living on the memory of +their once ample fortune.</p> +<p>The Honourable Mister Augustus Headerton died, in the +forty-fifth year of his age, of inflammation, caught in an old +limekiln, where he was concealed <span class="pagenum"><a id= +"page138" name="page138"></a>[pg 138]</span> to avoid an arrest for +the sum of 180 guineas, for black Nell, the famous filly, who won +the cup on the Curragh of Kildare—purchased in his name, but +without his knowledge, by his second son, the pride of the +family—commonly called dashing Dick.</p> +<p>All I know further of the Honourable Mistress Augustus Headerton +is, that</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"She played at cards, and died."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Miss Georgiana—the beauty, and greatest fool of the +family, who <i>depended</i> on her face as a fortune, did get a +husband—an old, rich West India planter, and eloped, six +months after marriage, with an officer of dragoons.</p> +<p>Miss Celestina was really clever and accomplished. "Use her +abilities for her own support!" Oh, no! not for worlds—Too +proud to work, but not too proud to beg, she <i>depended</i> on her +relations, and played toady to all who would.</p> +<p>Miss Louisa—not clever; but in all other respects, +ditto—ditto.</p> +<p>Miss Charlotte was always very romantic; refused a respectable +banker with indignation, and married her uncle's footman—for +love.</p> +<p>Having sketched the female part of the family first (a +compliment by the way they do not always receive from their own +sex)—I will tell you what I remember of the gentlemen.</p> +<p>"The Emperor," as Mr. Augustus was called, from his stately +manner and dignified deportment, aided by as much self-esteem as +could well be contained in a human body, <i>depended</i>, without +any "compunctuous visitings of conscience," on the venison, claret, +and champagne of his friends, and thought all the time he did them +honour:—and thus he passed his life.</p> +<p>"Dashing Dick" was the opposite of the Emperor; sung a good +song—told a good story—and gloried in making ladies +blush. He <i>depended</i> on his cousin, Colonel Bloomfield, +procuring him a commission in his regiment, and cheated tailors, +hosiers, glovers, coach-makers, and even lawyers, with impunity. +Happily for the world at large, Dashing Dick broke his neck in a +steeple chase, on a stolen horse, which he would have been hanged +for purloining, had he lived a day longer.</p> +<p>Ferdinand was the bonne-bouche of the family: they used to call +him "the Parson!" Excellent Ferdinand!—he <i>depended</i> on +his exertions; and, if ever the name of Headerton rises in the +scale of moral or intellectual superiority, it will be owing to the +steady and virtuous efforts of Mister Ferdinand Headerton, +merchant, in the good city of B——.</p> +<p><i>Sketches of Irish Character, by Mrs. S.C. Hall</i>.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE UNDER DIFFICULTIES.</h3> +<p>We quote the following from the portion of the <i>Library of +Entertaining Knowledge</i>, with the above title—to show the +mode in which the heads of the respective chapters are +illustrated:</p> +<p><i>Obscure Origin</i>.</p> +<p>"The parents of SEBASTIAN CASTALIO, the elegant Latin translator +of the Bible, were poor peasants, who lived among the mountains in +Dauphiny.</p> +<p>"The Abbé HAUTEFEUILLE, who distinguished himself in the +seventeenth century, by his inventions in clock and watch making, +was the son of a baker.</p> +<p>"PARINI, the modern satiric poet of Italy, was the son of a +peasant, who died when he was in his boyhood, and left him to be +the only support of his widowed mother; while, to add to his +difficulties, he was attacked in his nineteenth year by a +paralysis, which rendered him a cripple for life.</p> +<p>"The parents of Dr. JOHN PRIDEAUX, who afterwards rose to be +Bishop of Worcester, were in such poor circumstances, that they +were with difficulty able to keep him at school till he had learned +to read and write; and he obtained the rest of his education by +walking on foot to Oxford, and getting employed in the first +instance as assistant in the kitchen of Exeter College, in which +society he remained till he gradually made his way to a +fellowship.</p> +<p>"The father of INIGO JONES, the great architect, who built the +Banqueting-house at Whitehall, and many other well known edifices, +was a cloth-worker; and he himself was also destined originally for +a mechanical employment.</p> +<p>"Sir EDMUND SAUNDERS, Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench +in the reign of Charles II., was originally an errand boy at the +Inns of Court, and gradually acquired the elements of his knowledge +of the law by being employed to copy precedents.</p> +<p>"LINNAEUS, the founder of the science of Botany, although the +son of the clergyman of a small village in Sweden, was for some +time apprenticed to a shoemaker; and was only rescued from his +humble employment by accidentally meeting one day a physician named +Rothman, who, having entered into conversation with him, was so +much struck with his intelligence, that he sent him to the +university.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page139" name="page139"></a>[pg +139]</span> +<p>"The father of MICHAEL LOMONOSOFF, one of the most celebrated +Russian poets of the last century, and who eventually attained the +highest literary dignities in his own country, was only a simple +fisherman. Young Lomonosoff had great difficulty in acquiring as +much education as enabled him to read and write; and it was only by +running away from his father's house, and taking refuge in a +monastery at Moscow, that he found means to obtain an acquaintance +with the higher branches of literature.</p> +<p>"The famous BEN JONSON worked for some time as a bricklayer or +mason; 'and let not them blush,' says Fuller, speaking of this +circumstance in his "English Worthies," with his usual amusing, but +often expressive quaintness, 'let not them blush that have, but +those that have not, a lawful calling. He helped in the building of +the new structure of Lincoln's Inn, when, having a trowel in his +hand, he had a book in his pocket.'</p> +<p>"PETER RAMUS, one of the most celebrated writers and intrepid +thinkers of the sixteenth century, was employed in his childhood as +a shepherd, and obtained his education by serving as a lacquey in +the College of Navarre.</p> +<p>"The Danish astronomer, LONGOMONTANUS, was the son of a +labourer, and, while attending the academical lectures at Wyburg +through the day, was obliged to work for his support during a part +of the night.</p> +<p>"The elder DAVID PAREUS, the eminent German Protestant divine, +who was afterwards Professor of Theology at Heidelberg, was placed +in his youth as an apprentice, first with an apothecary, and then +with a shoemaker.</p> +<p>"HANS SACHS, one of the most famous of the early German poets, +and a scholar of considerable learning, was the son of a tailor, +and served an apprenticeship himself, first to a shoemaker, and +afterwards to a weaver, at which last trade, indeed, he continued +to work during the rest of his life.</p> +<p>"JOHN FOLCZ, another old German poet, was a barber.</p> +<p>"LUCAS CORNELISZ, a Dutch painter of the sixteenth century, who +visited England during the reign of Henry VIII., and was patronized +by that monarch, was obliged, while in his own country, in order to +support his large family, to betake himself to the profession of a +cook.</p> +<p>"Dr. ISAAC MADDOX, who, in the reign of George II., became +bishop, first of St. Asaph, and then of Worcester, and who is well +known by his work in defence of the Doctrine and Discipline of the +Church of England, lost both his parents, who belonged to a very +humble rank of life, at an early age, and was, in the first +instance, placed by his friends with a pastrycook.</p> +<p>"The late Dr. ISAAC MILNER, Dean of Carlisle, and Lucasian +Professor of the Mathematics at Cambridge, who had the reputation +of one of the first mathematicians of that University, and who +published some ingenious papers on Chemistry and Natural +Philosophy, in the 'Philosophical Transactions,' was originally a +weaver—as was also his brother JOSEPH, the well known, author +of a 'History of the Church.' Of the same profession was also, in +his younger days, the late Dr. JOSEPH WHITE, Professor of Arabic at +Oxford.</p> +<p>"CASSERIO, a well known Italian anatomist, was initiated in the +elements of Medical Science by a surgeon of Padua, with whom he had +lived originally as a domestic servant.</p> +<p>"JOHN CHRISTIAN THEDEN, who rose to be chief surgeon to the +Prussian army under Frederick II. had in his youth been apprenticed +to a tailor."</p> +<p><i>Influence of Accident in directing Pursuits</i>.</p> +<p>"The celebrated Bernard Palissy, to whom France was indebted, in +the sixteenth century, for the introduction of the manufacture of +enamelled pottery, had his attention first attracted to the art, +his improvements in which, form to this time the glory of his name +among his countrymen, by having one day seen by chance a beautiful +enamelled cup, which had been brought from Italy. He was then +struggling to support his family by his attempts in the art of +painting, in which he was self-taught; and it immediately occurred +to him that, if he could discover the secret of making these cups, +his toils and difficulties would be at an end. From that moment his +whole thoughts were directed to this object; and in one of his +works he has himself given us such an account of the unconquerable +zeal with which he prosecuted his experiments, as it is impossible +to read without the deepest interest. For some time he had little +or nothing to expend upon the pursuit which he had so much at +heart; but at last he happened to receive a considerable sum of +money for a work which he had finished, and this enabled him to +commence his researches. He spent the whole of his money, however, +without meeting with any success, and he was now poorer than ever. +Yet it <span class="pagenum"><a id="page140" name="page140"></a>[pg +140]</span> was in vain that his wife and friends besought him to +relinquish what they deemed his chimerical and ruinous project. He +borrowed more money, with which he repeated his experiments; and, +when he had no more fuel wherewith to feed his furnaces, he cut +down his chairs and tables for that purpose. Still his success was +inconsiderable. He was now actually obliged to give a person, who +had assisted him, part of his clothes by way of remuneration, +having nothing else left; and, with his wife and children starving +before his eyes, and by their appearance silently reproaching him +as the cause of their sufferings, he was at heart miserable enough. +But he neither despaired, nor suffered his friends to know what he +felt; persevering, in the midst of all his misery, a gay demeanour, +and losing no opportunity of renewing his pursuit of the object +which he all the while felt confident he should one day accomplish. +And at last, after sixteen years of persevering exertion, his +efforts were crowned with complete success, and his fortune was +made. Palissy was, in all respects, one of the most extraordinary +men of his time; in his moral character displaying a +high-mindedness and commanding energy altogether in harmony with +the reach and originality of conception by which his understanding +was distinguished. Although a Protestant, he had escaped, through +the royal favour, from the massacre of St. Bartholomew; but, having +been soon after shut up in the Bastille, he was visited in his +prison by the king, who told him, that if he did not comply with +the established religion, he should be forced, however unwillingly, +to leave him in the hands of his enemies. 'Forced!' replied +Palissy, 'This is not to speak like a king; but they who force you +cannot force me; I can die!' He never regained his liberty, but +ended his life in the Bastille, in the ninetieth year of his +age."</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>OLD POETS.</h2> +<hr /> +<h4>LOVE.</h4> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>What thing is Love, which naught can countervail?</p> +<p class="i2">Naught save itself, ev'n such a thing is Love.</p> +<p>And worldly wealth in worth as far doth fail,</p> +<p class="i2">As lowest earth doth yield to heav'n above.</p> +<p>Divine is love, and scorneth worldly pelf,</p> +<p>And can be bought with nothing but with self.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">SIR W. RALEIGH.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>If Love be life, I long to die,</p> +<p class="i2">Live they that list for me:</p> +<p>And he that gains the most thereby,</p> +<p class="i2">A fool at least shall be.</p> +<p>But he that feels the sorest fits</p> +<p>'Scapes with no less than loss of wits.</p> +<p class="i2">Unhappy life they gain,</p> +<p class="i2">Which love do entertain.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">SIR W. RALEIGH.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>If all the world and Love were young,</p> +<p>And truth in every shepherd's tongue,</p> +<p>These pleasures might my passion move,</p> +<p>To live with thee, and be my love.</p> +<p>But fading flowers in every field,</p> +<p>To winter floods their treasures yield;</p> +<p>A honey'd tongue, a heart of gall,</p> +<p>Is fancy's spring, but sorrow's fall.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">SIR W. RALEIGH.—<i>Answer to +Marlowe's "Come Live," &c</i>.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Passions are likened best to floods and streams;</p> +<p class="i2">The shallow murmur, but the deep are dumb,</p> +<p>So, when affections yield discourse, it seems</p> +<p class="i2">The bottom is but shallow whence they come:</p> +<p>They that are rich in words must needs discover</p> +<p>They are but poor in that which makes a lover.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">SIR W. RALEIGH.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>—— Love is nature's second sun</p> +<p>Causing a spring of virtues where he shines.</p> +<p>And, as without the sun, the world's great eye,</p> +<p>All colours, beauties, both of art and nature,</p> +<p>Are giv'n in vain to men; so, without love</p> +<p>All beauties bred in woman are in vain,</p> +<p>All virtues born in men lie buried;</p> +<p>For love informs them as the sun doth colours.</p> +<p>And as the sun reflecting his warm beams</p> +<p>Against the earth, begets all fruits and flowers,</p> +<p>So love, fair shining in the inward man,</p> +<p>Brings forth in him the honourable fruits</p> +<p>Of valour, wit, virtue, and haughty thoughts,</p> +<p>Brave resolution, and divine discourse.</p> +<p>O! 'tis the paradise! the heaven of earth!</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">CHAPMAN.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Ladies, though to your conquering eyes</p> +<p>Love owes its chiefest victories,</p> +<p>And borrows those bright arms from you</p> +<p>With which he does the world subdue;</p> +<p>Yet you yourselves are not above</p> +<p>The empire nor the griefs of love.</p> +<p>Then wrack not lovers with disdain,</p> +<p>Lest love on you revenge their pain;</p> +<p>You are not free, because you're fair,</p> +<p>The boy did not his mother spare:</p> +<p>Though beauty be a killing dart,</p> +<p>It is no armour for the heart.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">ETHERIDGE.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Come, little infant, love me now.</p> +<p class="i2">While thine unsuspected years</p> +<p>Clear thine aged father's brow</p> +<p class="i2">From cold jealousy and fears.</p> +<p>Pretty, surely, 'twere to see</p> +<p class="i2">By young Love old Time beguil'd;</p> +<p>While our sportings are as free</p> +<p class="i2">As the muse's with the child.</p> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Now then, love me; Time may take</p> +<p class="i2">Thee before my time away;</p> +<p>Of this need we'll virtue make</p> +<p class="i2">And learn love before we may.</p> +<p>So we win of doubtful fate;</p> +<p class="i2">And if good to us she meant,</p> +<p>We that good shall antedate.</p> +<p class="i2">Or, if ill, that ill prevent.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">MARVELL.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Hear ye virgins, and I'll teach,</p> +<p>What the times of old did preach:</p> +<p>Rosamond was in a tower</p> +<p>Kept, as Danae, in a tower;</p> +<p>But yet love, who subtle is,</p> +<p>Crept to that, and came to this:</p> +<p>Be ye lock'd up like to these,</p> +<p>Or the rich Hesperides:</p> +<p>Or those babies in your eyes,</p> +<p>In their crystal nurseries;</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page141" name="page141"></a>[pg +141]</span> +<p>Notwithstanding love will win,</p> +<p>Or else force a passage in;</p> +<p>And as coy be as you can.</p> +<p>Gifts will get ye, or the man.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">HERRICK.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Great Venus, queen of beauty and of grace.</p> +<p>The joy of gods and men, that under sky</p> +<p>Dost fairest shine, and most adorn thy place,</p> +<p>That with thy smiling look dost pacify</p> +<p>The raging seas, and mak'st the storms to fly:</p> +<p>Thee, goddess, thee the winds, the clouds do fear,</p> +<p>And when thou spreadst thy mantle forth on high,</p> +<p>The waters play, and pleasant lands appear,</p> +<p>And heaven laughs, and all the world shows joyous chear.</p> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>—All the world by thee at first was made,</p> +<p>And daily yet thou dost the same repair,</p> +<p>Ne ought on earth that merry is and glad,</p> +<p>Ne ought on earth that lovely is and fair,</p> +<p>But thou the same for pleasure didst prepare.</p> +<p>Thou art the root of all that joyous is,</p> +<p>Great God of men and women, queen of th' air,</p> +<p>Mother of laughter, and well-spring of bliss,</p> +<p>O graunt that of my love at last I may not miss.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em"><i>Fairy +Queen</i>.—SPENSER.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">As men tormented with a burning fever,</p> +<p>Dream that with drink they 'suage their grievous thirst,</p> +<p class="i2">But when they wake they find their thirst +persever,</p> +<p>And to be greater than it was at first;</p> +<p class="i2">So she whose thoughts from love sleep could not +sever,</p> +<p>Dreamt of that thing for which she 'wake did thirst;</p> +<p class="i2">But waking, felt and found it as before,</p> +<p>Her hope still less, and her desire still more.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">SIR J. HARRINGTON.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>—— Love is only root and crop of care,</p> +<p>The body's foe, the heart's annoy and cause of pleasures +rare</p> +<p>The sickness of the mind and fountain of unrest,</p> +<p>The gulf of guile, the pit of pain, of grief the hollow +chest;</p> +<p>A fiery frost, a flame that frozen is with ice,</p> +<p>A heavy burden light to bear, a virtue fraught with vice;</p> +<p>It is a worldlike peace, a safety seeing dread,</p> +<p>A deep despair annexed to hope, a fancy that is fed,</p> +<p>Sweet poison for his taste, a port Charybdis like,</p> +<p>A Scylla for his safety, though a lion that is meek.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">TURBERVILLE.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<h4>KISSING.</h4> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">O kiss! which dost those ruddy gems impart,</p> +<p>Or gems, or fruits, of new found Paradise;</p> +<p class="i2">Breathing all bliss and sweet'ning to the heart;</p> +<p>Teaching dumb lips a nobler exercise.</p> +<p class="i2">O kiss! which souls, ev'n souls, together ties</p> +<p>By links of love, and only nature's art;</p> +<p class="i2">How fain would I paint thee to all men's eyes.</p> +<p>Or of thy gifts, at least, shade out some part.</p> +<p>But she forbids, with blushing words, she says,</p> +<p class="i2">She builds her fame on higher-seated praise;</p> +<p>But my heart burns, I cannot silent be.</p> +<p class="i2">Then since (dear life,) you fain would have me +peace,</p> +<p>And I mad with delight want wit to cease,</p> +<p class="i2">Stop you my mouth, with still, still kissing me.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">SIR P. SIDNEY.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<h4>HEALTH.</h4> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>The common ingredients of health and long life are</p> +<p>Great temp'rance, open air,</p> +<p>Easy labour, little care.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">IBID.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3>ARRIVAL AT MARGATE.</h3> +<h4><i>From "The Monthly Club" of Sharpe's London +Magazine</i>.</h4> +<p>The buildings of Margate now became evident, and every minute +developed some new feature in the landscape; all the party +abandoned their sitting to enjoy the view. The curved pier painted +pea green and covered with Cockneys, now was disclosed to our eyes, +and my old friend from Leicester was again staggered into a +profound silence, by being told that a row of houses with a +windmill at the end of it, was <i>Buenos Ayres</i>. I saw his +amazement, but he did not betray his ignorance in speech as the +French actress did, who was in London some years since, and when +dining on the Adelphi Terrace was shown Waterloo Bridge. After +gazing at it, with a degree of pathos, partly national and partly +theatrical, she heaved a sigh for the brave fellows who had +perished in the neighbourhood, and feelingly inquired whereabouts +the farm of <i>Haye Saint</i> was—this is literally a fact +and is vouched for—nor is the absence of geographical +knowledge in the natives of France, confined to the lady—she +is by no means a solitary instance of the most glorious ignorance +of localities.—The Turks too, talk of Ireland as a disorderly +part of London; and an American, during the last winter, lecturing +in Germany, referring to the great improvements which have recently +taken place in England, enumerated, amongst other stupendous works +of art, the Menai Bridge, which he informed his hearers united +IRELAND with WALES.</p> +<p>As we approached the harbour we seemed to fly—the jetty +and pier became more and more crowded—it was evident we had +created "an interest;" the hurry and bustle on board appeared to +increase as we neared the shore, and the sudden tranquillization of +the hubbub by the magical words, "stop her," of the master +evidently excited a mingled feeling of wonder and satisfaction in +the breast of our Leicestershire companion, whose countenance had +previously indicated a strong suspicion that it was the captain's +intention to try the relative strength of our vessel's bow and the +nob end of Mr. Jarvis's jetty.</p> +<p>I never shall forget his delight as we tranquilly glided to the +side of the landing-place, nor his violent indignation when +stepping out of the boat in a pair <span class="pagenum"><a id= +"page142" name="page142"></a>[pg 142]</span> of jockey boots, and +selecting, what appeared to his ruralized vision, a <i>verdant</i> +spot; his feet slid from under him, and he got a fall unmodified in +its disagreeable results by the excitement of the sport so +prevalent in his native country.</p> +<p>"Who built this fine stone affair?" said R——, +pointing to the pea-green promenade on our right.</p> +<p>"The people of Margate," said some one.</p> +<p>"I thought nobody in England but the king could make a +<i>pier</i>," said R——.</p> +<p>"Come, come," cried B——, "let us be grave for a +minute or two; we look more like a parcel of boys landing than a +grave and learned body."</p> +<p>"Youth is the time for punning," said R——.</p> +<p>"It is no great crime when one is older," said +B——.</p> +<p>"That I deny," answered our wag; "it may be good in +<i>youth</i>, but it is <i>bad in age.</i>"</p> +<p>The groan which followed this last pun of the voyage reechoed +along the shore, and it was not until we reached Howe's hotel, a +sort of Bath York House stuck in the middle of Golden Square, +London, that the tumult died away.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>THE UNICORN.</h3> +<p>In the physical world, some of our secrets are disappearing; and +though Captain Parry failed to find out the pole, and we believe, +with that worthy navigator, that the world have been dreaming from +the beginning, and that there is no pole; and though Captain Ross +will go further and fare worse, yet things are turning up now and +then that our most benevolent scepticism cannot resist. But among +other plunders of the imagination, they are going to rob us of the +unicorn. For two thousand years and upwards, a short date in the +history of human quarrel about nothings, the sages of this world +have been doubting and deciding on the existence of this showy +creature. Pliny would have sworn to his having all but seen it, and +he would have sworn that too, if any one had taken the trouble to +ask him. Kircher, and a few of the German naturalists, and +black-letter fools—every naturalist and black-letter man +being more or less a fool—dug up the question out of the pit +of Teutonic dulness, and ever since, every traveller beyond the +Needles, has had his theory, which was quite as good as his fact, +and his fact, which was quite as good as his theory.</p> +<p>The topic perished in Germany, being stifled under professor +Bopp and Sanscrit, Professor Semler and Scepticism, Professor Jahn +and Jacobinism, and the whole vast feather-bed suffocation of +Professor Kotzebue and Comedy. But in England it was endeared to us +by associations "deep in every truly British heart," as the +chairmen of our tavern parties say over their third bottle. We had +seen it for ages gallantly climbing the slippery heights of the +kingly crown on show boards, carriages, transparencies, theatres, +and the new, matchless, hydropyric, or fiery and watery fairy +palace of Vauxhall. It met us in every material, from the gilt +<i>confitures</i> of Bartholomew fair, to the gold plateau of the +"table laid for sixty," at St. James's. All the dilettanti were +immersed in the great national question of its shape and features. +Mr. Barrow, in a journey of exploration, which extended to three +miles beyond the Cape, believed that he saw it, but strongly +doubted its existence. M. Vaillant never saw it, nor believed that +any one ever did, but was as sure of its existence as if it had +slept in his bosom, and been unto him as a daughter. Mr. Russel had +one, which he milked twice a day, and drove in a curricle to visit +the Queen of Madagascar. Doctor Lyall is writing a quarto from +Madagascar, to deny the statement in toto; admitting, however, that +there is a rumour of the being of some nondescript of the kind in +the mountains, somewhat between the size of the elephant and the +Shetland pony; but that he and we think the subject-matter will +turn out asinine. But now a Mr. Ruppell, after a long sojourn in +the north-east of Africa, comes at once to cheer and dishearten us +by the discovery, that in Kordofan, if any one knows where that is, +the unicorn exists; stated to be of the size of a small horse, of +the slender make of the gazelle, and furnished with a long, +straight, slender horn in the male, which was wanting in the +female. According to the statements made by various persons, it +inhabits the deserts to the south of Kordofan, is uncommonly fleet, +and comes only occasionally to the Koldagi Heive mountains on the +borders of Kordofan. This, it must be acknowledged, is a sad +falling off from the rival of the lion, that we have honoured so +long in the arms of England. But we sincerely hope, that by the +next arrival, it will not degenerate into a cow, or worse, a goat. +But he tells us, that to our knowledge of the giraffe he has added +considerably. He obtained in Nubia and Kordofan five specimens, two +of which were males <span class="pagenum"><a id="page143" name= +"page143"></a>[pg 143]</span> and three females. He regards the +horns as constituting the principal generic character, they being +formed by distinct bones, united to the frontal and parietal bones +by a very obvious suture, and having throughout the same structure +with the other bones. In both sexes one of these abnormal bones is +situated on each branch of the coronal suture, and the male +possesses an additional one placed more anteriorly, and occupying +the middle of the frontal suture. The anomalous position of this +appendage furnishes a complete refutation of the theory of Camper +with regard to the unicorn, that such an occurrence was contrary to +nature, and proves at least the possibility of the existence of +such an animal. Professor Camper is an ass, of course; but when are +we to expect any thing better from the illustrissimi of the land of +sour-krout? Give a Doctor Magnificus his due allowance of the worst +tobacco, and the worst beer in the world, with a ream of half-brown +paper, and a Leipsic catalogue to plunder, and he will in three +months write any subject dead—smother the plainest truth with +an accumulation of absurdity, astonishing, as the work of a +creature with but two hands—and prove that the earth is but a +huge oyster, in which Germany is the pearl; or that man is only a +reclaimed baboon, of which all the wit is centered in Weimar.</p> +<p><i>Monthly Magazine</i>.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>THE GATHERER.</h2> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i10">"A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles."</p> +<p class="i14">SHAKSPEARE.</p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<h3>A PUNSTER.</h3> +<p>Dr. Barton was a punster. He said, "the fellows of my college +wished to have an organ in the chapel, but I put a stop to it;" +whether for the sake of the pun, or because he disliked music, is +uncertain. He invited, for the love of punning, Mr. Crowe and Mr. +Rooke to dine with him; and having given Mr. Birdmore, another +guest, a hint to be rather after the time, on his appearing, said, +"Mr. Rook! Mr. Crowe! I beg leave to introduce one <i>Bird +more</i>." He married his niece to a gentleman of the hopeful name +of <i>Buckle</i>. The enterprise succeeded beyond his expectation. +Mrs. Buckle was delivered of twins. "A pair of Buckles!" "Boys or +girls?" said a congratulating friend; the answer may be supposed. +To him, though it has been attributed to others, belongs the glory +or the shame of having said to one, who having re-established his +health by a diet of milk and eggs, took a wife:—"So, you have +been <i>egged</i> on to matrimony: I hope the <i>yoke</i> will sit +easy on you."</p> +<hr /> +<h3>PLAY BILL.</h3> +<h4><i>(Translated from the Spanish.)</i></h4> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">To the sovereign of heaven,</p> +<p>To the mother of the eternal world,</p> +<p class="i2">To the Polar Star of Spain,</p> +<p>To the faithful protectress of the Spanish nation,</p> +<p>To the honour and glory of the most Holy Virgin Mary,</p> +<p>For her benefit, and for the propagation of her worship,</p> +<p class="i2">The company of comedians will this day give a +representation of</p> +<p class="i4">the comic piece called Manine.</p> +<p>The celebrated Italian will also dance the Fandango,</p> +<p class="i2">and the theatre will be superbly illuminated.</p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<p>"<i>Write your name at full length</i> the <i>first</i> time you +order any thing which you ought to pay for, that the person so +employed or ordered may have no difficulty of applying (legally) if +necessary for payment."—<i>The advice of one who from a +common soldier died in opulence honestly gained by trade</i>.</p> +<hr /> +<p>A French philosopher placed a statue in his hall, under which +was the follow-distich:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Whoever you be, Sir, pray take off your castor;</p> +<p>For this is, or has been, or will be your master."</p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<h3>PARIS.</h3> +<p>The following Notes convey some idea of the extent and resources +of the French capital:—</p> +<p>By the last census, 1827, the <i>population</i> of Paris was +890,000.</p> +<p><i>Bread</i>.—In Paris, 830,000 persons consume +227,760,000 pounds in a year.</p> +<p><i>Printing</i>.—There are in Paris 80 printing +establishments; 600 presses going; and 3,000 journeymen printers in +constant employ.</p> +<p><i>Deaths</i>.—The <i>annual mortality</i> is 21,033; +average of <i>suicides</i> 200, of whom the greater number are +single persons; and on an average, a death occurs every twenty +minutes. Upwards of 1,100 children die annually from small-pox.</p> +<p><i>Lamps</i>.—The city is lit with 4,533 oil lamps, with +12,672 wicks.</p> +<p><i>The River</i>.—The river Seine where it enters Paris is +510 feet broad; at the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page144" name= +"page144"></a>[pg 144]</span> Pont Neuf 864 feet, and where it +leaves the city 400 feet broad.</p> +<p><i>Hospitals</i>.—The income of the hospitals is 9,762,154 +francs, or about £406,756.; the average cost to government +for a day in the hospital, is about 11-1/2<i>d</i>. The maniacs +from two prisons average 3,000 a year; and the majority of mad +persons are unmarried.</p> +<p><i>Lottery</i>.—The average annual receipts of the lottery +is about a million sterling—of which the treasury receive +about £180,000. the remainder being the adventurers'.</p> +<p><i>Marriages</i>.—The average of marriages is 6,316, or 1 +marriage in every 108 persons. Marriages are most frequent in +February, and least in December. There is rather more than an +average of three children to each marriage.</p> +<p><i>Births</i>.—The births average 27,000, or 1 birth for +every 12 minutes; of the number, 8,760 are illegitimate.</p> +<p><i>Gaming Houses</i>.—The annual receipt is +£360,000.; the whole expenses £60,000. Those who lease +them clear in 6 years about £83,000.</p> +<p><i>Wine Tax</i>.—The annual revenue is a million +sterling.</p> +<p><i>Theatres</i>.—There are 10,000 persons daily at the +theatres, Of these, it is estimated, 6,816 pay for admission. The +annual average receipts of all the theatres is £209,298.</p> +<p><i>Tombs</i>.—The price for a tomb in <i>Pere la +Chaise</i>, is about £4. without the right to the grave; some +have cost £1,400. Those erected to women are fewer by half +than those for men.</p> +<p><i>Travellers</i>.—The average since the peace of 1814, is +17,676 English residents or travellers in Paris.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MOTTO AND TRANSLATION.</h3> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Presto et Presto</i>.</p> +<p>Double quick time.</p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<h3>DIALOGUE BETWEEN GLUTTON AND ECHO.</h3> +<p>The following lines, written in the year 1609, are said to have +induced Butler to pursue the same idea in his <i>Hudibras</i>;</p> +<p><i>Dialogue</i>.</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—My belly I do deify.</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—Fie.</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—Who curbs his appetite's a fool.</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—Ah! fool!</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—I do not like this abstinence.</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—Hence!</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—My joy's a feast, my wish is wine.</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—Swine.</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—We epicures are happy truly.</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—You lie.</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—May I not, Echo, eat my fill.</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—Ill.</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—Will it hurt me if I drink too much?</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—Much.</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—Thou mock'st me nymph, I'll not believe +it.</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—Believe it.</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—Dost thou condemn then what I do?</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—I do.</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—Is it that which brings infirmities?</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—It is!</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—Then sweetest temperance I'll love +thee.</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>. I love thee..</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza">If all be true which thou<br /> +dost tell,<br /> +To gluttony I bid farewell.</div> +</div> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—Farewell.</p> +<p>W.A.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>EPITAPH ON A GAMESTER.</h3> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Here lies a gamester, poor but willing,</p> +<p>Who left the room without a shilling.</p> +<p>Losing each stake, till he had thrown</p> +<p class="i2">His last, and lost the game to Death;</p> +<p>If Paradise his soul has won,</p> +<p class="i2">'Twas a rare stroke of luck i'faith!</p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<p>Suicide is very common among the New Zealanders: thus, a woman +who has been beaten by her husband will perhaps hang herself +immediately.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE</h3> +<h4><i>Following Novels is already Published</i>:</h4> +<pre> + s. d. + Mackenzie's Man of Feeling 0 6 + Paul and Virginia 0 6 + The Castle of Otranto 0 6 + Almoran and Hamet 0 6 + Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia 0 6 + The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne 0 6 + Rasselas 0 8 + The Old English Baron 0 8 + Nature and Art 0 8 + Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield 0 10 + Sicilian Romance 1 0 + The Man of the World 1 0 + A Simple Story 1 4 + Joseph Andrews 1 6 + Humphry Clinker 1 8 + The Romance of the Forest 1 8 + The Italian 2 0 + Zeluco, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Edward, by Dr Moore 2 6 + Roderick Random 2 6 + The Mysteries of Udolpho 3 6 + Peregrine Pickle 4 6 +</pre> +<hr class="full" /> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name= +"footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1</b>: <a href= +"#footnotetag1">(return)</a> See "Sailing round Constantinople," +MIRROR, vol. x. p. 278. Engraving and Description of the Castle of +the Seven Towers, ibid, vol. x. p. 361. Extent of Constantinople, +vol. xi. p. 298. Lines on Constantinople, vol. xii. p. 58. Taking +of the City by the Turks, vol. xii. p. 274.</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2" name= +"footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2</b>: <a href= +"#footnotetag2">(return)</a> For an Engraving and full description +of the Mosque of Santa Sophia, see the MIRROR, vol. ii. p.p. 473, +486.</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote3" name= +"footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3</b>: <a href= +"#footnotetag3">(return)</a> Mr. Hobhouse has pointed out some +remarkable points of similarity between the funereal customs of the +Greeks and those of the Irish; in particular, the howling lament, +the interrogating the corpse, "Why did you die?" and the wake and +feast. "But a more singular resemblance," he adds, "is that which +is to be remarked between a Mahommedan and an Irish opinion +relative to the same ceremony. When a dead Mussulman is carried on +his plank towards the cemetery, the devout Turk runs from his house +as the procession passes his door, for a short distance relieves +one of the bearers of the body, and then gives up his place to +another, who hastens to perform the same charitable and holy +office. No one who has been in Ireland, but must have seen the +peasants leave their cottages or their work, to give a temporary +assistance to those employed in bearing the dead to the grave an +exertion by which they approach so many steps nearer to +Paradise."</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote4" name= +"footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4</b>: <a href= +"#footnotetag4">(return)</a> "Sultan Mahmoud's horse was actually +interred in the cemetery of Scutari, under a dome supported by +eight pillars."</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote5" name= +"footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5</b>: <a href= +"#footnotetag5">(return)</a> Since my return, I learn from the +captive Red Indian woman <i>Shawnawdithit</i>, that the vapour-bath +is chiefly used by old people, and for rheumatic affections. +<i>Shawnawdithit</i> is the survivor of three Red Indian females, +who were taken by, or rather who gave themselves up, exhausted with +hunger, to some English furriers, about five years ago, in Notre +Dame Bay. She is the only one of that tribe in the hands of the +English, and the only one that has ever lived so long among +them.</blockquote> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD 143, Strand, (near +Somerset House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, +Leipsic; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers</i>.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11518 ***</div> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/11518-h/images/387-001.png b/11518-h/images/387-001.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..d62a7c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/11518-h/images/387-001.png diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a0d3b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #11518 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11518) diff --git a/old/11518-8.txt b/old/11518-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b246f82 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/11518-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1954 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction + Vol. 14, Issue 387, August 28, 1829 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 8, 2004 [EBook #11518] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 387 *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Allen Siddle, David King, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team + + + + + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION + +VOL. XIV. NO. 387.] SATURDAY, AUGUST 29, 1829. [PRICE 2_d_. + + + +CONSTANTINOPLE. + + +[Illustration: CONSTANTINOPLE] + + "Queen of the Morn! Sultana of the East!" + +The splendour and extent of Constantinople are not within the compass of +one of our pages; but the annexed Engraving furnishes some idea of a +section of this queen of cities. It extends from Seraglio Point to the +Janissaries' Tower, and though commanding only a portion of the city, +includes the domes of the magnificent mosques of Santa Sophia and the +Sultan Achmet, which rise from a vast assemblage of towers, palaces, +minarets, &c. in every style of architecture. + +We have so often and so recently touched upon the ancient and modern state +of Constantinople, that we fear a recapitulation of its splendour would be +uninviting to our readers.[1] Nevertheless, as its mention is so +frequently coupled with the seat of war, and the "expulsion of the Turks +from Europe," our illustration will at this period be interesting, as well +as in some measure, explanatory of the position of the city, which is so +advantageous as to make it appear fit for the seat of dominion over the +whole world. Can we then be surprised at its forming so tempting a lure to +surrounding nations? + +The city stands at the eastern extremity of Romania, on a neck of land +that advances towards Natolia; on the south it is washed by the sea of +Marmora, and on the north-east by the gulf of the Golden Horn. It is built, +like ancient Rome, on seven hills, rising one above the other in beautiful +succession, and sloping gently towards the water; the whole forming an +irregular triangle, about twelve miles in circumference, the entire of +which space is closely covered with palaces, mosques, baths, fountains, +and houses; at a short distance the proudly swelling domes of 300 mosques, +the tall and elegant minarets, crowned by glittering crescents, the +ancient towers on the walls, and the gaudily coloured kiosks and houses +rising above the stupendous trees in the seraglio, situated on the extreme +point, form a rich, picturesque, and extraordinary scene. The gulf of the +Golden Horn, to the north-east of the city, forms a noble and capacious +harbour, four miles in length, by half a mile in breadth, capable of +securely containing 1,200 ships of the largest size, and is generally +filled with the curiously built vessels and gaily decorated boats of the +Turks; on the opposite shore is the maritime town of Galata, containing +the docks, arsenals, cannon founderies, barracks, &c.; above which stands +the populous suburb of Pera, the residence of the foreign ministers of the +Porte, and all foreigners of distinction, none whatever being allowed to +reside in the city. Beyond, as far as the eye can reach, is an immense +forest of cypress and mulberry trees, being the extensive cemeteries of +all persuasions. From Galata, the European shore of the Bosphorus forms +one continued line of towns; palaces in every style of architecture, +pleasure gardens, and romantic villages. On the opposite, or Asiatic shore, +stands the extensive town of Scutari, also a suburb of Constantinople, +although in another quarter of the globe, and separated by a sea a mile in +breadth; and at a short distance is the ancient and ruinous city of +Calcedone. The group of the Prince's Islands, in the Sea of Marmora, and +the snow-clad summit of Mount Olympus, close the prospect. Such is a mere +outline of the natural and artificial beauty of Constantinople. + +The city itself is surrounded by walls, built of freestone, with alternate +layers of Roman brick, flanked by 478 towers; the walls, however, are in +several places so dilapidated as to be incapable of any defence without +great reparation. On the land side, the fortifications consist of a triple +wall, with towers at every 150 yards; the first wall being 30 feet in +height; the second 20, and about 30 feet from the first; the third is +twelve feet in height; beyond this is a fosse, thirty feet wide, now +converted into gardens, and filled with fine grown trees, and a low +counterscarp. There are five gates on this side, and several to the water. +The streets, of which there are 3,770, with the exception of two or three, +are narrow, irregular, badly paved, and exceedingly dirty, the only +scavengers being vultures and half-starved dogs. There are fourteen +imperial mosques, about 200 others, and above that number of messjids or +chapels. The number of houses is prodigious; in 1796, the register of +Effendissy gave 88,185 within the walls; they are mostly constructed of +wood, and the dwellings of the lower classes are mere wooden boxes, cool +in summer, the windows being unglazed, and in winter heated by pans of +charcoal. Fires are consequently very frequent. The khans, or warehouses +of the merchants are, however, fireproof; the bazaars are also defended +from fire, and are well built; and coffeehouses very numerous. The city is +amply supplied with water, there being 730 public baths, a superb fountain +in the Chinese taste in every street, and few houses without similar +provision. The population of the city and suburbs is estimated at upwards +of 600,000; of these above one half are Turks, the remainder Jews, Franks, +Greeks, &c. + +We have only space to particularize a few of the most prominent buildings +in our view. To the left is the Seraglio Point, or superb palace of the +Sultan, whose treasures almost realize the fables of romance. Next is the +superb dome of the Mosque of the Sultan Achmet, without exception the +finest building ever raised by the Turks. It is surrounded by a lofty +colonnade of marble, of various colours, surmounted by 30 small domes: the +large dome is supported by four gigantic piers, covered as well as most of +the interior, with fresco paintings; it is rich in columns of verd antique, +Egyptian granite, and white marble; there are also four smaller domes, +similarly ornamented. Next, near the centre of the Engraving is the Mosque +of Santa Sophia, a truly superb and perfect monument of antiquity, built +at an expense of 320,000 pounds of silver, (some authors say gold.[2]) +Next in importance are the Mosques of the Sultans Osmyn, Bajazet, and +Selim; and the Gulf of the Golden Horn, or the Harbour. + +Among the suburbs of Constantinople, Scutari is not the least interesting, +inasmuch as it leads us to notice the funereal customs of the Turks, and +their cemeteries, of which Scutari is the principal site. + +Interment almost immediately follows upon the decease of the person; a +practice common to all classes at Constantinople. The corpse is carried to +the grave on a bier by the friends of the deceased: this is considered as +a religious duty, it being declared in the Koran, that he who carries a +dead body the space of forty paces, procures for himself the expiation of +a great sin.[3] The graves are shallow, and thin boards only, laid over +the corpse, protect it from the immediate pressure of the earth, which is +set with flowers, according to the custom of the Pythagoreans, and a +cypress tree is planted near every new grave. As a grave is never opened a +second time, a vast tract of country is occupied with these burial-fields, +which add by no means to the salubrity of the vicinity. Much is gained, +unquestionably, as regards the health of the inhabitants, by burying +without the cities; but the shallowness of the graves contributes to +render these vast accumulations of animal dust, at certain seasons more +especially, a source of pestilential miasmata. The cemeteries near Scutari +are immense, owing to the predilection which the Turks of Europe preserve +for being buried in Asia--that quarter of the world in which are situated +the holy cities, Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem, and Damascus. The author of +Anastasius gives the following vivid description of this extraordinary +spot:-- + +"A dense and motionless cloud of stagnant vapours ever shrouds these +dreary realms. From afar, a chilling sensation informs the traveller that +he approaches their dark and dismal precincts; and as he enters them, an +icy blast, rising from their inmost bosom, rushes forth to meet his breath, +suddenly strikes his chest, and seems to oppose his progress. His very +horse snuffs up the deadly effluvia with signs of manifest terror, and, +exhaling a cold and clammy sweat, advances reluctantly over a hollow +ground, which shakes as he treads it, and loudly re-echoes his slow and +fearful step. So long and so busily has time been at work to fill this +chosen spot--so repeatedly has Constantinople poured into this ultimate +receptacle almost its whole contents--that the capital of the living, +spite of its immense population, scarcely counts a single breathing +inhabitant for every ten silent inmates of this city of the dead. Already +do its fields of blooming sepulchres stretch far away on every side, +across the brow of the hills and the bend of the valleys; already are the +avenues which cross each other at every step in this domain of death, so +lengthened, that the weary stranger, from whatever point he comes, still +finds before him many a dreary mile of road between marshalled tombs and +mournful cypresses, ere he reaches his journey's seemingly receding end; +and yet, every year does this common patrimony of all the heirs to decay, +still exhibit a rapidly increasing size, a fresh and wider line of +boundary, and a new belt of young plantations, growing up between new +flower beds of graves. + +"There, said I to myself, lie, scarcely one foot beneath the surface of a +swelling soil, ready to burst at every point with its festering contents, +more than half the generations whom death has continued to mow down for +nearly four centuries in the vast capital of Islamism. There lie, side by +side, on the same level, in cells the size of their bodies, and only +distinguished by a marble turban somewhat longer or deeper--somewhat +rounder or squarer--personages, in life, far as heaven and earth asunder, +in birth, in station, in gifts of nature, and in long laboured +acquirements. There lie, sunk alike in their last sleep--alike food for +the worm that lives on death--the conqueror who filled the universe with +his name, and the peasant scarcely known in his own hamlet; Sultan Mahmoud, +and Sultan Mahmoud's perhaps more deserving horse;[4] elders bending under +the weight of years, and infants of a single hour; men with intellects of +angels, and men with understandings inferior to those of brutes; the +beauty of Georgia and the black of Sennaar; visiers, beggars, heroes, and +women.'" + + +The approach to Constantinople from the sea of Marmora is likewise thus +beautifully described by the same author, and will form an appropriate +conclusion: + +"With eyes rivetted on the expanding splendour, I watched as they came out +of the bosom of the surrounding waters, the pointed minarets, the swelling +cupolas, and the innumerable habitations, either stretching along the +jagged shore, and reflecting their shape in the mirror of the deep, or +creeping up the crested mountain, and tracing their outline on the expanse +of the sky. At first agglomerated in a single confused mass, the lesser +part of this immense whole seemed, as we advanced, by degrees to unfold, to +disengage themselves from each other, and to grow into various groups, +divided by wide chasms and deep indentures; until at last the clusters, +thus far still distantly connected, became transformed, as if by magic, +into three distinct cities, each individually of prodigious extent, and +each separated from the other two by a wide arm of that sea whose silver +tide encompassed their base, and made its vast circuit rest half on Europe, +and half on Asia." + +Since writing the above we have visited Mr. Burford's _New Panorama of +Constantinople_, which has lately been opened for exhibition in the +Strand; and although we cannot in this Number enter into the detail of its +merits, we recommend it to our lionizing friends as one of Mr. Burford's +most finished paintings, and equal if not superior in effect to any +exhibition in the metropolis; but we reserve an account of its pictorial +beauties for our next publication. + + +[1] See "Sailing round Constantinople," MIRROR, vol. x. p. 278. Engraving + and Description of the Castle of the Seven Towers, ibid, vol. x. + p. 361. Extent of Constantinople, vol. xi. p. 298. Lines on + Constantinople, vol. xii. p. 58. Taking of the City by the Turks, vol. + xii. p. 274. + +[2] For an Engraving and full description of the Mosque of Santa Sophia, + see the MIRROR, vol. ii. p.p. 473, 486. + +[3] Mr. Hobhouse has pointed out some remarkable points of similarity + between the funereal customs of the Greeks and those of the Irish; in + particular, the howling lament, the interrogating the corpse, "Why did + you die?" and the wake and feast. "But a more singular resemblance," + he adds, "is that which is to be remarked between a Mahommedan and an + Irish opinion relative to the same ceremony. When a dead Mussulman is + carried on his plank towards the cemetery, the devout Turk runs from + his house as the procession passes his door, for a short distance + relieves one of the bearers of the body, and then gives up his place + to another, who hastens to perform the same charitable and holy office. + No one who has been in Ireland, but must have seen the peasants leave + their cottages or their work, to give a temporary assistance to those + employed in bearing the dead to the grave an exertion by which they + approach so many steps nearer to Paradise." + +[4] "Sultan Mahmoud's horse was actually interred in the cemetery of + Scutari, under a dome supported by eight pillars." + + * * * * * + + +TWO SONNETS. + +_To M---- F----_. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +I. + + I met thee, ----, when the leaves were green, + And living verdure clothed the countless trees; + When meadow flowers allured the summer bees, + And silvery skies shone o'er the cloudless scene, + Bright as my thoughts when wand'ring to thy home; + Where Nature looks _as though she were divine_, + Not in the richness of the rip'ning vine, + Not in the splendour of imperial Rome. + It is a ruder scene of rocks and trees, + Where even barrenness is beauty--where + The glassy lake, below the mountain bare, + Curls up its waters 'neath the casual breeze; + And, 'midst the plenitude of flower and bud, + Sweet violets hide them in the hilly wood. + +II. + + I parted with thee one autumnal day, + When o'er the woods the northern tempest beat-- + The spoils of autumn rustling at our feet, + And Nature wept to see her own decay. + The pliant poplar bent beneath the blast; + The moveless oak stood warring with the storm, + Which bow'd the pensive willow's weaker form; + And naught gave token that thy love would last, + Save the mute eloquence of forcing tears; + Save the low pleading of thy ardent sighs, + The fervent gazing of thy glowing eyes; + A firm assurance, spite of all my fears, + That, as the sunshine dries the summer rain, + Thy _future_ smile should bless for parting pain. + +* * H. + + * * * * * + + +ILLUSTRATION OF SOME OLD PROVERBS, &c. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +_"Ax." To ask_. This word which now passes for a mere vulgarism, is the +original Saxon form, and used by Chaucer and others. See "Tyrwhitt's +Glossary." We find it also in Bishop Bale's "God's Promises." "That their +synne vengeaunce _axed_ continually." Old Plays. i. 18. Also in the "Four +P.'s," by Heywood, "And _axed_ them thys question than." Old Pl. i. 84. An +_axing_ is used by Chaucer for a request. Ben Jonson introduces it +jocularly: + + "A man out of wax, + As a lady would ax." + + _Masques_, vol. 6, p. 85. + +"_Between the Cup and the Lip_." The proverb that many things fall out +between the cup and the lip, is a literal version of one in Latin. _Multo +inter pocula ac libra cadunt_. The origin of which was as follows:--A king +of Thrace had planted a vineyard, when one of his slaves, whom he had much +oppressed in that very work, prophesied that he should never taste of the +wine produced in it. The monarch disregarded the prediction, and when at +an entertainment he held a glassful of his own wine made from the grape of +that vineyard, he sent for the slave, and asked him what he thought of his +prophecy now; to which the other replied, "Many things fall out between +the cup and the lip," and he had scarcely delivered this singular response, +before news was brought that a monstrous boar was laying waste the +favourite vineyard. The king, in a rage, put down the cup which he held in +his hand, and hurried out with his people to attack the boar; but being +too eager, the boar rushed upon him and killed him, without having tasted +of the wine. Such is the story related by some of the Greek writers, and +though evidently apocryphal, it certainly is productive of a good +practical moral. + +"_In the merry pin_." This is said of those who have drunk freely and are +cheerful in their cups. Among the ancient northern nations, it was +customary to drink out of large horns, in which were placed small pins, +like a scale of distances, and he who quaffed most was considered as a +toper of the first magnitude, and respected accordingly. The merry pin was +that which stood pretty far from the mouth of the horn, and he who, at a +draught, reduced the liquor to that point, was a man of no ordinary +prowess in bacchanalian contest. + +"_Under the Rose be it spoken_." The rose being dedicated by Cupid to +Harpocrates, the god of Silence, to engage him to conceal the amours of +Venus, was an emblem of Silence; whence to present it or hold it up to any +person in discourse, served instead of an admonition, that it was time for +him to hold his peace; and in entertaining rooms it was customary to place +a rose above the table, to signify that what was there spoken should be +kept private. This practice is described by the following epigram:-- + + Est rosa flos, Veneris cujus quo facta laterunt, + Harpocrati matri dona dicavit Amor, + Inde rosam mensis hospes suspendit amicis + Convivii et sub ea dicta tacenda sciat. + + _Potter's Ant. Greece_. + +"_Cant_." This word, which is now generally applied to fanatical preachers, +and hypocritical apprentices in religion, derives its name from two Scotch +Presbyterian ministers, in the reign of Charles II. They were father and +son, both called Andrew Cant; and Whitelocke in his "Memoirs," p. 511, +after narrating the defeat at Worcester, in 1651, says, "Divers Scotch +ministers were permitted to meet at Edinburgh, to keep a day of +humiliation, as they pretended, for their too much compliance with the +King," and in the same month when Lord Argyll had called a parliament, Mr. +Andrew Cant, a minister, said in his pulpit, that "God was bound to hold +this parliament, for that all other parliaments was called by man, but +this was brought about by his own hand." + +"_An't please the Pigs_." In this phrase there is not only a peculiarity +of dialect, but the corruption of a word, and a change of one thing for +another. In the first place, _an_, in the midland counties, is used for if; +and pigs is evidently a corruption of Pyx, the sacred vessel containing +the host in Roman Catholic countries. In the last place, the vessel is +substituted for the power itself, by an easy metonymy in the same manner +as when we talk of "the sense of the house," we do not mean to ascribe +intelligence to a material building; but to the persons in it assembled +for a deliberate purpose; the expression therefore signifies no more than +"_Deo volente_," or God willing. + +"_Bumper_." In many parts of England any thing large is called a bumper. +Hence a bumping lass is a large girl of her age, and a bumpkin is a +large-limbed, uncivilized rustic; the idea of grossness of size entering +into the idea of a country bumpkin, as well as that of unpolished rudeness. +Dr. Johnson, however, strangely enough deduces the word bumpkin from bump; +but what if it should prove to be a corruption of bumbard, or bombard: in +low Latin, bombardus, a great gun, and from thence applied to a large +flagon, or full glass. Thus the Lord Chamberlain says to the porters who +had been negligent in keeping out the mob. + + "You are lazy knaves: + And here ye lie, baiting of bombard, when + Ye should do service." + + _Shaks. Hen_. VIII. _Act_ 5, _Scene_ 3. + +"Baiting of bombard" is a term for sitting and drinking, which Nash in his +"Supplycacyon to the Deuyll," calls by the like metaphor, "bear baiting." +So Shakspeare again in the "Tempest," says, + + "Yond same black cloud, yond huge one, + Seems like foul bombard, that would shed his liquor." + + _Tempest, Act_ 2, _Scene_ 2. + +Which Theobald rightly explains thus: "A large vessel for holding drink, +as well as the piece of ordinance so called." + +"_Latter Lammas_." Lammas day is the first day of August, so called quasi, +Lamb-mass, on which day the tenants that hold lands of the Cathedral of +York, which is dedicated to St. Peter, ad Vincula, were bound by that +tenure to bring a living lamb into the church at high mass.--_Cornell's +Interpreter_. Lammas day was always a great day of account, for in the +payment of rents our ancestors distributed the year into four quarters, +ending at Candlemas, Whitsuntide, Lammas, and Martinmas, and this was as +common as the present divisions of Lady day, Midsummer, Michaelmas, and +Christmas. In regard to Lammas, in addition to its being one of the days +of reckoning, it appears from the Confessor's laws, that it was the +specific day whereon the Peter-pence, a tax very rigorously executed, and +the punctual payment of which was enforced under a severe penalty, was +paid. In this view then, Lammas stands as a day of account, and Latter +Lammas will consequently signify the day of doom, which in effect, as to +all payments of money, or worldly transactions in money, is never. Latter +here is used for last, or the comparative for the superlative, just as it +is in a like case in our version of the book of Job, "I know that my +redeemer liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the earth," +meaning of course the last day, or the end of the world. That the last day, +or Latter Lammas, as to all temporal affairs is never, may be illustrated +by the following story:--A man at confession owned his having stolen a sow +and pigs; the father confessor exhorted him to make restitution. The +penitent said some were sold, and some were killed, but the priest not +satisfied with this excuse, told him they would appear against him at the +day of judgment if he did not make restitution to the owner, upon which +the man replied, "Well, I'll return them to him then." + +"_Lydford Law_." In Devonshire and Cornwall this saying is common: + + "First hang and draw, + Then hear the cause by Lydford Law." + +Sometimes it is expressed in this manner; "Lydford Law, by which they hang +men first, and try them afterwards." Lydford was formerly a town of note, +but now an inconsiderable village on the borders of Dartmoor, not far from +Tavistock. It is famous for a ruined castle, under which is a dungeon that +used to be a prison for the confinement of persons who offended against +the Stannary Courts of Tavistock, Ashburton, Chapford, and Plimpton. These +Stannary Courts were erected by a charter of Edward III. for the purpose +of regulating the affairs of the tin mines in Devonshire, and of +determining causes among the tinners, whether criminal, or actions for +debt. The proceedings were very summary, and the prison horribly offensive. +Near Lydford is a famous waterfall, and a most romantic view down the +river Lyd; over which is a curious bridge built with one arch. The parish +is the largest in the kingdom, including the whole Forest of Dartmoor. +William Browne of Tavistock, and the author of _Britannia's Pastorals_, +gives a humorous description of Lydford in the reign of James I. + + * * * * * + + + +THE CONTEMPORARY TRAVELLER. + + +JOURNEY IN SEARCH OF THE RED INDIANS OF NEWFOUNDLAND. + + +In the island of Newfoundland, an institution has been formed for opening +a communication with, and promoting the civilization of, the Red Indians; +and procuring, if possible, an authentic history of that unhappy race of +people, in order that their language, customs, and pursuits, may be +contrasted with those of other tribes of Indians and nations. The interior +of the island is less known than any other British possessions abroad; +but, from the exertions of the above Society, more information has been +collected concerning the natives, than has been obtained during the two +centuries and a half in which Newfoundland has been in possession of +Europeans. The last journey was undertaken by W.E. Cormack, Esq., +president of the Society. His report has appeared in a recent Number of +the _Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal_, and will, we are persuaded, be +interesting to our readers: + +"My party," says Mr. Cormack, "consisted of three Indians, whom I procured +from among the other different tribes, viz. an intelligent and able man of +the Abenakie tribe, from Canada; an elderly Mountaineer from Labrador; and +an adventurous young Micmack, a native of this island, together with +myself. It was my intention to have commenced our search at White Bay, +which is nearer the northern extremity of the island than where we did, +and to have travelled southward. But the weather not permitting to carry +my party thither by water, after several days' delay, I unwillingly +changed my line of route. + +"On the 31st of October, 1828, last, we entered the country at the mouth +of the River Exploits, on the north side, at what is called the Northern +Arm. We took a north-westerly direction, to lead us to Hall's Bay, which +place we reached through an almost uninterrupted forest, over a hilly +country, in eight days. This tract comprehends the country interior from +New Bay, Badger Bay, Seal Bay, &c.; these being minor bays, included in +Green or Notre Dame Bay, at the north-east part of the island, and well +known to have been always heretofore the summer residence of the Red +Indians. + +"On the fourth day after our departure, at the east end of Badger +Bay-Great Lake, at a _portage_ known by the name of the Indian Path, we +found traces made by the Red Indians, evidently in the spring or summer of +the preceding year. Their party had had two canoes; and here was a +_canoe-rest_, on which the daubs of red ochre, and the roots of trees used +to fasten or tie it together appeared fresh. A canoe-rest, is simply a few +beams supported horizontally about five feet from the ground, by +perpendicular posts. A party with two canoes, when descending from the +interior to the sea-coast, through such a part of the country as this, +where there are troublesome portages, leave one canoe resting, bottom up, +on this kind of frame, to protect it from injury by the weather, until +their return. Among other things which lay strewed about here, were a +spearshaft, eight feet in length, recently made and ochred; parts of old +canoes, fragments of their skin-dresses, &c. For some distance around, the +trunks of many of the birch, and of that species of spruce pine called +here the Var (_Pinus balsamifera_) had been rinded; these people using the +inner part of the bark of that kind of tree for food. Some of the cuts in +the trees with the axe, were evidently made the preceding year. Besides +these, we were elated by other encouraging signs. The traces left by the +Red Indians are so peculiar, that we were confident those we saw here were +made by them. + +"This spot has been a favourite place of settlement with these people. It +is situated at the commencement of a _portage_, which forms a +communication by a path between the sea-coast at Badger Bay, about eight +miles to the north-east, and a chain of lakes extending westerly and +southerly from hence, and discharging themselves by a rivulet into the +River Exploits, about thirty miles from its mouth. A path also leads from +this place to the lakes, near New Bay, to the eastward. Here are the +remains of one of their villages, where the vestiges of eight or ten +winter _mamatecks_, or wigwams, each intended to contain from six to +eighteen or twenty people, are distinctly seen close together. Besides +these, there are the remains of a number of summer wigwams. Every winter +wigwam has close by it a small square-mouthed or oblong pit, dug into the +earth, about four feet deep, to preserve their stores, &c. in. Some of +these pits were lined with birch rind. We discovered also in this village +the remains of a vapour-bath. The method used by the Boeothicks to raise +the steam, was by pouring water on large stones made very hot for the +purpose, in the open air, by burning a quantity of wood around them; after +this process, the ashes were removed, and a hemispherical framework +closely covered with skins, to exclude the external air, was fixed over +the stones. The patient then crept in under the skins, taking with him a +birch-rind bucket of water, and a small bark-dish to dip it out, which, by +pouring on the stones, enabled him to raise the steam at pleasure.[5] + +"At Hall's Bay we got no useful information, from the three (and the only) +English families settled there. Indeed we could hardly have expected any; +for these, and such people, have been the unchecked and ruthless +destroyers of the tribe, the remnant of which we were in search of. After +sleeping one night in a _house_, we again struck into the country to the +westward. + +"In five days we were on the high lands south of White Bay, and in sight +of the high lands east of the Bay of Islands, on the west coast of +Newfoundland. The country south and west of us was low and flat, +consisting of marshes, extending in a southerly direction more than thirty +miles. In this direction lies the famous Red Indians' Lake. It was now +near the middle of November, and the winter had commenced pretty severely +in the interior. The country was every where covered with snow, and, for +some days past, we had walked over the small ponds on the ice. The summits +of the hills on which we stood had snow on them, in some places, many feet +deep. The deer were migrating from the rugged and dreary mountains in the +north, to the low mossy barren, and more woody parts in the south; and we +inferred, that if any of the Red Indians had been at White Bay during the +past summer, they might be at that time stationed about the borders of the +low tract of country before us, at the _deer-passes_, or were employed +somewhere else in the interior, killing deer for winter provision. At +these passes, which are particular places in the migration lines of path, +such as the extreme ends of, and straights in, many of the large lakes-- +the foot of valleys between high and rugged mountains--fords in the large +rivers, and the like---the Indians kill great numbers of deer with very +little trouble, during their migrations. We looked out for two days from +the summits of the hills adjacent, trying to discover the smoke from the +camps of the Red Indians; but in vain. These hills command a very +extensive view of the country in every direction. + +"We now determined to proceed towards the Red Indians' Lake, sanguine that, +at that known rendezvous, we could find the objects of our search. + +"In about ten days we got a glimpse of this beautifully majestic and +splendid sheet of water. The ravages of fire, which we saw in the woods +for the last two days, indicated that man had been near. We looked down on +the lake, from the hills at the northern extremity, with feelings of +anxiety and admiration:--No canoe could be discovered moving on its placid +surface, in the distance. We were the first Europeans who had seen it in +an unfrozen state, for the three former parties who had visited it before, +were here in the winter, when its waters were frozen and covered over with +snow. They had reached it from below, by way of the River Exploits, on the +ice. We approached the lake with hope and caution; but found to our +mortification that the Red Indians had deserted it for some years past. My +party had been so excited, so sanguine, and so determined to obtain an +interview of some kind with these people, that, on discovering from +appearances every where around us, that the Red Indians--the terror of the +Europeans as well as the other Indian inhabitants of Newfoundland--no +longer existed, the spirits of one and all of us were very deeply affected. +The old mountaineer was particularly overcome. There were every where +indications, that this had long been the central and undisturbed +rendezvous of the tribe, when they had enjoyed peace and security. But +these primitive people had abandoned it, after having been tormented by +parties of Europeans during the last eighteen years. Fatal rencounters had +on these occasions unfortunately taken place." + +(_To be concluded in our next_.) + + +[5] Since my return, I learn from the captive Red Indian woman + _Shawnawdithit_, that the vapour-bath is chiefly used by old people, + and for rheumatic affections. + + _Shawnawdithit_ is the survivor of three Red Indian females, who were + taken by, or rather who gave themselves up, exhausted with hunger, to + some English furriers, about five years ago, in Notre Dame Bay. She is + the only one of that tribe in the hands of the English, and the only + one that has ever lived so long among them. + + * * * * * + + + +THE SELECTOR, AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_. + + +AN HONOURABLE "INDEPENDENT" FAMILY. + + +The Honourable Mister Augustus Headerton, who lived once in yonder villa, +was the youngest of eleven children, and consequently the junior brother +of the noble Lord of Headerton, nephew of the Honourable Justice +Cleaveland, nephew of Admiral Barrymore, K.C.B., &c. &c. &c.; and cousin +first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, or seventh remove--to all the +honourables and dishonourables in the country. + +When the old earl died, he left four Chancery suits, and a nominal estate +to the heir apparent, to whom he also bequeathed his three younger +brothers and sisters, who had only small annuities from their mother's +fortune, being assured that (to use his own words), "he might _depend_ on +him for the honour of the family, to provide for them handsomely." And so +he did (in his own estimation); his lady sisters had "the run of the +house," and Mr. Augustus Headerton had the run of the stables, the use of +hunters and dogs, and was universally acknowledged to possess "a proper +spirit," because he spent three times more than his income. "He bates the +world and all, for beauty, in a hunting jacket," exclaimed the groom. "He +flies a gate beyant any living sowl I iver seed, and his tallyho, my +jewel--'twould do y'er heart good to hear his tallyho!" said my lord's +huntsman. "He's a generous jontleman as any in the kingdom--I'll say that +for him, any day in the year," echoed the coachman. "He's admired more nor +any jintleman as walks Steven's Green in a month o' Sundays, I'll go bail," +continued Miss Jenny Roe, the ladies' maid. + +"Choose a profession!" Oh! no; impossible. An Irish gentleman choose a +profession! But the Honourable Mr. Augustus Headerton chose a wife, and +threw all his relations, including Lord Headerton, the Honourable Justice +Cleaveland, Admiral Barrymore, K.C.B., and his cousins to the fiftieth +remove, into strong convulsions, or little fits. She, the lady, had sixty +thousand pounds; that, of course, they could not object to. She had eloped +with the Honourable Mr. Augustus Headerton;--mere youthful indiscretion. +She was little and ugly;--that only concerned her husband. She was proud +and extravagant;--those (they said) were lady-like failings. She was +ignorant and stupid;--her sisters-in-law would have pardoned that. She was +vulgar;--that was awkward. Her father was a carcass butcher in Cole's Lane +market--death and destruction! + +It could never be forgiven! the cut direct was unanimously agreed on, and +the little lady turned up her little nose in disdain, as her handsome +barouche rolled past the lumbering carriage of the Right Honourable Lord +Headerton. She persuaded her husband to purchase that beautiful villa, in +view of the family domain, that she might have more frequent opportunities +of bringing, as she elegantly expressed it, "the proud beggars to their +trumps;--and why not?--money's money, all the world over." The Honourable +Mister Augustus _depended_ on his agent for the purchase, and some two +thousand and odd pounds were consequently paid, or said to have been paid, +for it, more than its value. And then commenced the general warfare; full +purse and empty head--_versus_ no purse, and old nobility. They had the +satisfaction of ruining each other--the full purse was emptied by +devouring duns, and the old nobility suffered by its connexion with +vulgarity. + +"I want to know, Honourable Mister Augustus Headerton"--(the lady always +gave the full name when addressing her husband; she used to say it was all +she got for her money),--"I want to know, Honourable Mister Augustus +Headerton, the reason why the music master's lessons, given to the Misses +Headerton (they were blessed with seven sweet pledges of affection), have +not been paid for? I desired the steward to see to it, and you know I +_depend_ on him to settle these matters." + +The Honourable Mrs. Augustus Headerton rang the bell--"Send Martin up." + +"Mister Martin," the lady began, "what is the reason that Mr. Langi's +account has not been paid?" + +"My master, ma'am knows that I have been anxious for him to look over the +accounts; the goings-out are so very great, and the comings-in, as far as +I know"--The Honourable Mister Augustus Headerton spilt some of the +whiskey-punch he was drinking, over a splendid hearth-rug, which drew the +lady's attention from what would have been an unpleasant _eclaircissement_. + +"I cannot understand why difficulties should arise. I am certain I brought +a fortune large enough for all extravagance," was the lady's constant +remark when expenditure was mentioned. Years pass over the heads of the +young--and they grow old; and over the heads of fools--but they never grow +wise. + +The Honourable Mister and Mistress Augustus Headerton were examples of +this truth;--their children grew up around them--but could derive no +support from their parent root. The mother had _depended_ on governesses +and masters for the education of her girls--and on their beauty, +connexions, or accomplishments, to procure them husbands. The father did +not deem the labours of study fit occupation for the sons of an ancient +house:--"_Depend_ upon it," he would say, "they'll all do well with my +connexions--they will be able to command what they please." The Honourable +Mistress Augustus could not now boast of a full purse, for they had long +been living on the memory of their once ample fortune. + +The Honourable Mister Augustus Headerton died, in the forty-fifth year of +his age, of inflammation, caught in an old limekiln, where he was +concealed to avoid an arrest for the sum of 180 guineas, for black Nell, +the famous filly, who won the cup on the Curragh of Kildare--purchased in +his name, but without his knowledge, by his second son, the pride of the +family--commonly called dashing Dick. + +All I know further of the Honourable Mistress Augustus Headerton is, that + + "She played at cards, and died." + +Miss Georgiana--the beauty, and greatest fool of the family, who +_depended_ on her face as a fortune, did get a husband--an old, rich West +India planter, and eloped, six months after marriage, with an officer of +dragoons. + +Miss Celestina was really clever and accomplished. "Use her abilities for +her own support!" Oh, no! not for worlds--Too proud to work, but not too +proud to beg, she _depended_ on her relations, and played toady to all who +would. + +Miss Louisa--not clever; but in all other respects, ditto--ditto. + +Miss Charlotte was always very romantic; refused a respectable banker with +indignation, and married her uncle's footman--for love. + +Having sketched the female part of the family first (a compliment by the +way they do not always receive from their own sex)--I will tell you what I +remember of the gentlemen. + +"The Emperor," as Mr. Augustus was called, from his stately manner and +dignified deportment, aided by as much self-esteem as could well be +contained in a human body, _depended_, without any "compunctuous visitings +of conscience," on the venison, claret, and champagne of his friends, and +thought all the time he did them honour:--and thus he passed his life. + +"Dashing Dick" was the opposite of the Emperor; sung a good song--told a +good story--and gloried in making ladies blush. He _depended_ on his +cousin, Colonel Bloomfield, procuring him a commission in his regiment, +and cheated tailors, hosiers, glovers, coach-makers, and even lawyers, +with impunity. Happily for the world at large, Dashing Dick broke his neck +in a steeple chase, on a stolen horse, which he would have been hanged for +purloining, had he lived a day longer. + +Ferdinand was the bonne-bouche of the family: they used to call him "the +Parson!" Excellent Ferdinand!--he _depended_ on his exertions; and, if +ever the name of Headerton rises in the scale of moral or intellectual +superiority, it will be owing to the steady and virtuous efforts of Mister +Ferdinand Headerton, merchant, in the good city of B----. + +_Sketches of Irish Character, by Mrs. S.C. Hall_. + + * * * * * + + +PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE UNDER DIFFICULTIES. + + +We quote the following from the portion of the _Library of Entertaining +Knowledge_, with the above title--to show the mode in which the heads of +the respective chapters are illustrated: + +_Obscure Origin_. + +"The parents of SEBASTIAN CASTALIO, the elegant Latin translator of the +Bible, were poor peasants, who lived among the mountains in Dauphiny. + +"The Abbé HAUTEFEUILLE, who distinguished himself in the seventeenth +century, by his inventions in clock and watch making, was the son of a +baker. + +"PARINI, the modern satiric poet of Italy, was the son of a peasant, who +died when he was in his boyhood, and left him to be the only support of +his widowed mother; while, to add to his difficulties, he was attacked in +his nineteenth year by a paralysis, which rendered him a cripple for life. + +"The parents of Dr. JOHN PRIDEAUX, who afterwards rose to be Bishop of +Worcester, were in such poor circumstances, that they were with difficulty +able to keep him at school till he had learned to read and write; and he +obtained the rest of his education by walking on foot to Oxford, and +getting employed in the first instance as assistant in the kitchen of +Exeter College, in which society he remained till he gradually made his +way to a fellowship. + +"The father of INIGO JONES, the great architect, who built the +Banqueting-house at Whitehall, and many other well known edifices, was a +cloth-worker; and he himself was also destined originally for a mechanical +employment. + +"Sir EDMUND SAUNDERS, Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench in the +reign of Charles II., was originally an errand boy at the Inns of Court, +and gradually acquired the elements of his knowledge of the law by being +employed to copy precedents. + +"LINNAEUS, the founder of the science of Botany, although the son of the +clergyman of a small village in Sweden, was for some time apprenticed to a +shoemaker; and was only rescued from his humble employment by accidentally +meeting one day a physician named Rothman, who, having entered into +conversation with him, was so much struck with his intelligence, that he +sent him to the university. + +"The father of MICHAEL LOMONOSOFF, one of the most celebrated Russian +poets of the last century, and who eventually attained the highest +literary dignities in his own country, was only a simple fisherman. Young +Lomonosoff had great difficulty in acquiring as much education as enabled +him to read and write; and it was only by running away from his father's +house, and taking refuge in a monastery at Moscow, that he found means to +obtain an acquaintance with the higher branches of literature. + +"The famous BEN JONSON worked for some time as a bricklayer or mason; 'and +let not them blush,' says Fuller, speaking of this circumstance in his +'English Worthies,' with his usual amusing, but often expressive +quaintness, 'let not them blush that have, but those that have not, a +lawful calling. He helped in the building of the new structure of +Lincoln's Inn, when, having a trowel in his hand, he had a book in his +pocket.' + +"PETER RAMUS, one of the most celebrated writers and intrepid thinkers of +the sixteenth century, was employed in his childhood as a shepherd, and +obtained his education by serving as a lacquey in the College of Navarre. + +"The Danish astronomer, LONGOMONTANUS, was the son of a labourer, and, +while attending the academical lectures at Wyburg through the day, was +obliged to work for his support during a part of the night. + +"The elder DAVID PAREUS, the eminent German Protestant divine, who was +afterwards Professor of Theology at Heidelberg, was placed in his youth as +an apprentice, first with an apothecary, and then with a shoemaker. + +"HANS SACHS, one of the most famous of the early German poets, and a +scholar of considerable learning, was the son of a tailor, and served an +apprenticeship himself, first to a shoemaker, and afterwards to a weaver, +at which last trade, indeed, he continued to work during the rest of his +life. + +"JOHN FOLCZ, another old German poet, was a barber. + +"LUCAS CORNELISZ, a Dutch painter of the sixteenth century, who visited +England during the reign of Henry VIII., and was patronized by that +monarch, was obliged, while in his own country, in order to support his +large family, to betake himself to the profession of a cook. + +"Dr. ISAAC MADDOX, who, in the reign of George II., became bishop, first +of St. Asaph, and then of Worcester, and who is well known by his work in +defence of the Doctrine and Discipline of the Church of England, lost both +his parents, who belonged to a very humble rank of life, at an early age, +and was, in the first instance, placed by his friends with a pastrycook. + +"The late Dr. ISAAC MILNER, Dean of Carlisle, and Lucasian Professor of +the Mathematics at Cambridge, who had the reputation of one of the first +mathematicians of that University, and who published some ingenious papers +on Chemistry and Natural Philosophy, in the 'Philosophical Transactions,' +was originally a weaver--as was also his brother JOSEPH, the well known, +author of a 'History of the Church.' Of the same profession was also, in +his younger days, the late Dr. JOSEPH WHITE, Professor of Arabic at Oxford. + +"CASSERIO, a well known Italian anatomist, was initiated in the elements +of Medical Science by a surgeon of Padua, with whom he had lived +originally as a domestic servant. + +"JOHN CHRISTIAN THEDEN, who rose to be chief surgeon to the Prussian army +under Frederick II. had in his youth been apprenticed to a tailor." + +_Influence of Accident in directing Pursuits_. + +"The celebrated Bernard Palissy, to whom France was indebted, in the +sixteenth century, for the introduction of the manufacture of enamelled +pottery, had his attention first attracted to the art, his improvements in +which, form to this time the glory of his name among his countrymen, by +having one day seen by chance a beautiful enamelled cup, which had been +brought from Italy. He was then struggling to support his family by his +attempts in the art of painting, in which he was self-taught; and it +immediately occurred to him that, if he could discover the secret of +making these cups, his toils and difficulties would be at an end. From +that moment his whole thoughts were directed to this object; and in one of +his works he has himself given us such an account of the unconquerable +zeal with which he prosecuted his experiments, as it is impossible to read +without the deepest interest. For some time he had little or nothing to +expend upon the pursuit which he had so much at heart; but at last he +happened to receive a considerable sum of money for a work which he had +finished, and this enabled him to commence his researches. He spent the +whole of his money, however, without meeting with any success, and he was +now poorer than ever. Yet it was in vain that his wife and friends +besought him to relinquish what they deemed his chimerical and ruinous +project. He borrowed more money, with which he repeated his experiments; +and, when he had no more fuel wherewith to feed his furnaces, he cut down +his chairs and tables for that purpose. Still his success was +inconsiderable. He was now actually obliged to give a person, who had +assisted him, part of his clothes by way of remuneration, having nothing +else left; and, with his wife and children starving before his eyes, and +by their appearance silently reproaching him as the cause of their +sufferings, he was at heart miserable enough. But he neither despaired, +nor suffered his friends to know what he felt; persevering, in the midst +of all his misery, a gay demeanour, and losing no opportunity of renewing +his pursuit of the object which he all the while felt confident he should +one day accomplish. And at last, after sixteen years of persevering +exertion, his efforts were crowned with complete success, and his fortune +was made. Palissy was, in all respects, one of the most extraordinary men +of his time; in his moral character displaying a high-mindedness and +commanding energy altogether in harmony with the reach and originality of +conception by which his understanding was distinguished. Although a +Protestant, he had escaped, through the royal favour, from the massacre of +St. Bartholomew; but, having been soon after shut up in the Bastille, he +was visited in his prison by the king, who told him, that if he did not +comply with the established religion, he should be forced, however +unwillingly, to leave him in the hands of his enemies. 'Forced!' replied +Palissy, 'This is not to speak like a king; but they who force you cannot +force me; I can die!' He never regained his liberty, but ended his life in +the Bastille, in the ninetieth year of his age." + + * * * * * + + + +OLD POETS. + + +LOVE. + + What thing is Love, which naught can countervail? + Naught save itself, ev'n such a thing is Love. + And worldly wealth in worth as far doth fail, + As lowest earth doth yield to heav'n above. + Divine is love, and scorneth worldly pelf, + And can be bought with nothing but with self. + +SIR W. RALEIGH. + + * * * * * + + If Love be life, I long to die, + Live they that list for me: + And he that gains the most thereby, + A fool at least shall be. + But he that feels the sorest fits + 'Scapes with no less than loss of wits. + Unhappy life they gain, + Which love do entertain. + +SIR W. RALEIGH. + + * * * * * + + If all the world and Love were young, + And truth in every shepherd's tongue, + These pleasures might my passion move, + To live with thee, and be my love. + But fading flowers in every field, + To winter floods their treasures yield; + A honey'd tongue, a heart of gall, + Is fancy's spring, but sorrow's fall. + +SIR W. RALEIGH.--_Answer to Marlowe's "Come Live," &c_. + + * * * * * + + Passions are likened best to floods and streams; + The shallow murmur, but the deep are dumb, + So, when affections yield discourse, it seems + The bottom is but shallow whence they come: + They that are rich in words must needs discover + They are but poor in that which makes a lover. + +SIR W. RALEIGH. + + * * * * * + + ---- Love is nature's second sun + Causing a spring of virtues where he shines. + And, as without the sun, the world's great eye, + All colours, beauties, both of art and nature, + Are giv'n in vain to men; so, without love + All beauties bred in woman are in vain, + All virtues born in men lie buried; + For love informs them as the sun doth colours. + And as the sun reflecting his warm beams + Against the earth, begets all fruits and flowers, + So love, fair shining in the inward man, + Brings forth in him the honourable fruits + Of valour, wit, virtue, and haughty thoughts, + Brave resolution, and divine discourse. + O! 'tis the paradise! the heaven of earth! + +CHAPMAN. + + * * * * * + + Ladies, though to your conquering eyes + Love owes its chiefest victories, + And borrows those bright arms from you + With which he does the world subdue; + Yet you yourselves are not above + The empire nor the griefs of love. + Then wrack not lovers with disdain, + Lest love on you revenge their pain; + You are not free, because you're fair, + The boy did not his mother spare: + Though beauty be a killing dart, + It is no armour for the heart. + +ETHERIDGE. + + * * * * * + + Come, little infant, love me now. + While thine unsuspected years + Clear thine aged father's brow + From cold jealousy and fears. + Pretty, surely, 'twere to see + By young Love old Time beguil'd; + While our sportings are as free + As the muse's with the child. + + * * * * * + + Now then, love me; Time may take + Thee before my time away; + Of this need we'll virtue make + And learn love before we may. + So we win of doubtful fate; + And if good to us she meant, + We that good shall antedate. + Or, if ill, that ill prevent. + +MARVELL. + + * * * * * + + Hear ye virgins, and I'll teach, + What the times of old did preach: + Rosamond was in a tower + Kept, as Danae, in a tower; + But yet love, who subtle is, + Crept to that, and came to this: + Be ye lock'd up like to these, + Or the rich Hesperides: + Or those babies in your eyes, + In their crystal nurseries; + Notwithstanding love will win, + Or else force a passage in; + And as coy be as you can. + Gifts will get ye, or the man. + +HERRICK. + + * * * * * + + Great Venus, queen of beauty and of grace. + The joy of gods and men, that under sky + Dost fairest shine, and most adorn thy place, + That with thy smiling look dost pacify + The raging seas, and mak'st the storms to fly: + Thee, goddess, thee the winds, the clouds do fear, + And when thou spreadst thy mantle forth on high, + The waters play, and pleasant lands appear, + And heaven laughs, and all the world shows joyous chear. + + * * * * * + + --All the world by thee at first was made, + And daily yet thou dost the same repair, + Ne ought on earth that merry is and glad, + Ne ought on earth that lovely is and fair, + But thou the same for pleasure didst prepare. + Thou art the root of all that joyous is, + Great God of men and women, queen of th' air, + Mother of laughter, and well-spring of bliss, + O graunt that of my love at last I may not miss. + +_Fairy Queen_.--SPENSER. + + * * * * * + + As men tormented with a burning fever, + Dream that with drink they 'suage their grievous thirst, + But when they wake they find their thirst persever, + And to be greater than it was at first; + So she whose thoughts from love sleep could not sever, + Dreamt of that thing for which she 'wake did thirst; + But waking, felt and found it as before, + Her hope still less, and her desire still more. + +SIR J. HARRINGTON. + + * * * * * + + ---- Love is only root and crop of care, + The body's foe, the heart's annoy and cause of pleasures rare + The sickness of the mind and fountain of unrest, + The gulf of guile, the pit of pain, of grief the hollow chest; + A fiery frost, a flame that frozen is with ice, + A heavy burden light to bear, a virtue fraught with vice; + It is a worldlike peace, a safety seeing dread, + A deep despair annexed to hope, a fancy that is fed, + Sweet poison for his taste, a port Charybdis like, + A Scylla for his safety, though a lion that is meek. + +TURBERVILLE. + + * * * * * + +KISSING. + + O kiss! which dost those ruddy gems impart, + Or gems, or fruits, of new found Paradise; + Breathing all bliss and sweet'ning to the heart; + Teaching dumb lips a nobler exercise. + O kiss! which souls, ev'n souls, together ties + By links of love, and only nature's art; + How fain would I paint thee to all men's eyes. + Or of thy gifts, at least, shade out some part. + But she forbids, with blushing words, she says, + She builds her fame on higher-seated praise; + But my heart burns, I cannot silent be. + Then since (dear life,) you fain would have me peace, + And I mad with delight want wit to cease, + Stop you my mouth, with still, still kissing me. + +SIR P. SIDNEY. + + * * * * * + +HEALTH. + + The common ingredients of health and long life are + Great temp'rance, open air, + Easy labour, little care. + +IBID. + + * * * * * + + + +SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. + + +ARRIVAL AT MARGATE. + +_From "The Monthly Club" of Sharpe's London Magazine_. + + +The buildings of Margate now became evident, and every minute developed +some new feature in the landscape; all the party abandoned their sitting +to enjoy the view. The curved pier painted pea green and covered with +Cockneys, now was disclosed to our eyes, and my old friend from Leicester +was again staggered into a profound silence, by being told that a row of +houses with a windmill at the end of it, was _Buenos Ayres_. I saw his +amazement, but he did not betray his ignorance in speech as the French +actress did, who was in London some years since, and when dining on the +Adelphi Terrace was shown Waterloo Bridge. After gazing at it, with a +degree of pathos, partly national and partly theatrical, she heaved a sigh +for the brave fellows who had perished in the neighbourhood, and feelingly +inquired whereabouts the farm of _Haye Saint_ was--this is literally a +fact and is vouched for--nor is the absence of geographical knowledge in +the natives of France, confined to the lady--she is by no means a solitary +instance of the most glorious ignorance of localities.--The Turks too, +talk of Ireland as a disorderly part of London; and an American, during +the last winter, lecturing in Germany, referring to the great improvements +which have recently taken place in England, enumerated, amongst other +stupendous works of art, the Menai Bridge, which he informed his hearers +united IRELAND with WALES. + +As we approached the harbour we seemed to fly--the jetty and pier became +more and more crowded--it was evident we had created "an interest;" the +hurry and bustle on board appeared to increase as we neared the shore, and +the sudden tranquillization of the hubbub by the magical words, "stop her," +of the master evidently excited a mingled feeling of wonder and +satisfaction in the breast of our Leicestershire companion, whose +countenance had previously indicated a strong suspicion that it was the +captain's intention to try the relative strength of our vessel's bow and +the nob end of Mr. Jarvis's jetty. + +I never shall forget his delight as we tranquilly glided to the side of +the landing-place, nor his violent indignation when stepping out of the +boat in a pair of jockey boots, and selecting, what appeared to his +ruralized vision, a _verdant_ spot; his feet slid from under him, and he +got a fall unmodified in its disagreeable results by the excitement of the +sport so prevalent in his native country. + +"Who built this fine stone affair?" said R----, pointing to the pea-green +promenade on our right. + +"The people of Margate," said some one. + +"I thought nobody in England but the king could make a _pier_," said R----. + +"Come, come," cried B----, "let us be grave for a minute or two; we look +more like a parcel of boys landing than a grave and learned body." + +"Youth is the time for punning," said R----. + +"It is no great crime when one is older," said B----. + +"That I deny," answered our wag; "it may be good in _youth_, but it is +_bad in age._" + +The groan which followed this last pun of the voyage reechoed along the +shore, and it was not until we reached Howe's hotel, a sort of Bath York +House stuck in the middle of Golden Square, London, that the tumult died +away. + + * * * * * + + +THE UNICORN. + + +In the physical world, some of our secrets are disappearing; and though +Captain Parry failed to find out the pole, and we believe, with that +worthy navigator, that the world have been dreaming from the beginning, +and that there is no pole; and though Captain Ross will go further and +fare worse, yet things are turning up now and then that our most +benevolent scepticism cannot resist. But among other plunders of the +imagination, they are going to rob us of the unicorn. For two thousand +years and upwards, a short date in the history of human quarrel about +nothings, the sages of this world have been doubting and deciding on the +existence of this showy creature. Pliny would have sworn to his having all +but seen it, and he would have sworn that too, if any one had taken the +trouble to ask him. Kircher, and a few of the German naturalists, and +black-letter fools--every naturalist and black-letter man being more or +less a fool--dug up the question out of the pit of Teutonic dulness, and +ever since, every traveller beyond the Needles, has had his theory, which +was quite as good as his fact, and his fact, which was quite as good as +his theory. + +The topic perished in Germany, being stifled under professor Bopp and +Sanscrit, Professor Semler and Scepticism, Professor Jahn and Jacobinism, +and the whole vast feather-bed suffocation of Professor Kotzebue and +Comedy. But in England it was endeared to us by associations "deep in +every truly British heart," as the chairmen of our tavern parties say over +their third bottle. We had seen it for ages gallantly climbing the +slippery heights of the kingly crown on show boards, carriages, +transparencies, theatres, and the new, matchless, hydropyric, or fiery and +watery fairy palace of Vauxhall. It met us in every material, from the +gilt _confitures_ of Bartholomew fair, to the gold plateau of the "table +laid for sixty," at St. James's. All the dilettanti were immersed in the +great national question of its shape and features. Mr. Barrow, in a +journey of exploration, which extended to three miles beyond the Cape, +believed that he saw it, but strongly doubted its existence. M. Vaillant +never saw it, nor believed that any one ever did, but was as sure of its +existence as if it had slept in his bosom, and been unto him as a daughter. +Mr. Russel had one, which he milked twice a day, and drove in a curricle +to visit the Queen of Madagascar. Doctor Lyall is writing a quarto from +Madagascar, to deny the statement in toto; admitting, however, that there +is a rumour of the being of some nondescript of the kind in the mountains, +somewhat between the size of the elephant and the Shetland pony; but that +he and we think the subject-matter will turn out asinine. But now a Mr. +Ruppell, after a long sojourn in the north-east of Africa, comes at once +to cheer and dishearten us by the discovery, that in Kordofan, if any one +knows where that is, the unicorn exists; stated to be of the size of a +small horse, of the slender make of the gazelle, and furnished with a long, +straight, slender horn in the male, which was wanting in the female. +According to the statements made by various persons, it inhabits the +deserts to the south of Kordofan, is uncommonly fleet, and comes only +occasionally to the Koldagi Heive mountains on the borders of Kordofan. +This, it must be acknowledged, is a sad falling off from the rival of the +lion, that we have honoured so long in the arms of England. But we +sincerely hope, that by the next arrival, it will not degenerate into a +cow, or worse, a goat. But he tells us, that to our knowledge of the +giraffe he has added considerably. He obtained in Nubia and Kordofan five +specimens, two of which were males and three females. He regards the horns +as constituting the principal generic character, they being formed by +distinct bones, united to the frontal and parietal bones by a very obvious +suture, and having throughout the same structure with the other bones. In +both sexes one of these abnormal bones is situated on each branch of the +coronal suture, and the male possesses an additional one placed more +anteriorly, and occupying the middle of the frontal suture. The anomalous +position of this appendage furnishes a complete refutation of the theory +of Camper with regard to the unicorn, that such an occurrence was contrary +to nature, and proves at least the possibility of the existence of such an +animal. Professor Camper is an ass, of course; but when are we to expect +any thing better from the illustrissimi of the land of sour-krout? Give a +Doctor Magnificus his due allowance of the worst tobacco, and the worst +beer in the world, with a ream of half-brown paper, and a Leipsic +catalogue to plunder, and he will in three months write any subject dead-- +smother the plainest truth with an accumulation of absurdity, astonishing, +as the work of a creature with but two hands--and prove that the earth is +but a huge oyster, in which Germany is the pearl; or that man is only a +reclaimed baboon, of which all the wit is centered in Weimar. + +_Monthly Magazine_. + + * * * * * + + + +THE GATHERER. + + + A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. + + SHAKSPEARE. + + * * * * * + + +A PUNSTER. + + +Dr. Barton was a punster. He said, "the fellows of my college wished to +have an organ in the chapel, but I put a stop to it;" whether for the sake +of the pun, or because he disliked music, is uncertain. He invited, for +the love of punning, Mr. Crowe and Mr. Rooke to dine with him; and having +given Mr. Birdmore, another guest, a hint to be rather after the time, on +his appearing, said, "Mr. Rook! Mr. Crowe! I beg leave to introduce one +_Bird more_." He married his niece to a gentleman of the hopeful name of +_Buckle_. The enterprise succeeded beyond his expectation. Mrs. Buckle was +delivered of twins. "A pair of Buckles!" "Boys or girls?" said a +congratulating friend; the answer may be supposed. To him, though it has +been attributed to others, belongs the glory or the shame of having said +to one, who having re-established his health by a diet of milk and eggs, +took a wife:--"So, you have been _egged_ on to matrimony: I hope the +_yoke_ will sit easy on you." + + * * * * * + + +PLAY BILL. + +(_Translated from the Spanish_.) + + + To the sovereign of heaven, + To the mother of the eternal world, + To the Polar Star of Spain, + To the faithful protectress of the Spanish nation, + To the honour and glory of the most Holy Virgin Mary, + For her benefit, and for the propagation of her worship, + The company of comedians will this day give a representation of + the comic piece called Manine. + The celebrated Italian will also dance the Fandango, + and the theatre will be superbly illuminated. + + * * * * * + +"_Write your name at full length_ the _first_ time you order any thing +which you ought to pay for, that the person so employed or ordered may +have no difficulty of applying (legally) if necessary for payment."--_The +advice of one who from a common soldier died in opulence honestly gained +by trade_. + + * * * * * + +A French philosopher placed a statue in his hall, under which was the +follow-distich:-- + + "Whoever you be, Sir, pray take off your castor; + For this is, or has been, or will be your master." + + * * * * * + + +PARIS. + + +The following Notes convey some idea of the extent and resources of the +French capital:-- + +By the last census, 1827, the _population_ of Paris was 890,000. + +_Bread_.--In Paris, 830,000 persons consume 227,760,000 pounds in a year. + +_Printing_.--There are in Paris 80 printing establishments; 600 presses +going; and 3,000 journeymen printers in constant employ. + +_Deaths_.--The _annual mortality_ is 21,033; average of _suicides_ 200, of +whom the greater number are single persons; and on an average, a death +occurs every twenty minutes. Upwards of 1,100 children die annually from +small-pox. + +_Lamps_.--The city is lit with 4,533 oil lamps, with 12,672 wicks. + +_The River_.--The river Seine where it enters Paris is 510 feet broad; at +the Pont Neuf 864 feet, and where it leaves the city 400 feet broad. + +_Hospitals_.--The income of the hospitals is 9,762,154 francs, or about +£406,756.; the average cost to government for a day in the hospital, is +about 11-1/2_d_. The maniacs from two prisons average 3,000 a year; and +the majority of mad persons are unmarried. + +_Lottery_.--The average annual receipts of the lottery is about a million +sterling--of which the treasury receive about £180,000. the remainder +being the adventurers'. + +_Marriages_.--The average of marriages is 6,316, or 1 marriage in every +108 persons. Marriages are most frequent in February, and least in +December. There is rather more than an average of three children to each +marriage. + +_Births_.--The births average 27,000, or 1 birth for every 12 minutes; of +the number, 8,760 are illegitimate. + +_Gaming Houses_.--The annual receipt is £360,000.; the whole expenses +£60,000. Those who lease them clear in 6 years about £83,000. + +_Wine Tax_.--The annual revenue is a million sterling. + +_Theatres_.--There are 10,000 persons daily at the theatres, Of these, it +is estimated, 6,816 pay for admission. The annual average receipts of all +the theatres is £209,298. + +_Tombs_.--The price for a tomb in _Pere la Chaise_, is about £4. without +the right to the grave; some have cost £1,400. Those erected to women +are fewer by half than those for men. + +_Travellers_.--The average since the peace of 1814, is 17,676 English +residents or travellers in Paris. + + * * * * * + + +MOTTO AND TRANSLATION. + + + _Presto et Presto_. + Double quick time. + + * * * * * + + +DIALOGUE BETWEEN GLUTTON AND ECHO. + + +The following lines, written in the year 1609, are said to have induced +Butler to pursue the same idea in his _Hudibras_; + + _Dialogue_. + + _Glutton_.--My belly I do deify. + + _Echo_.--Fie. + + _Glutton_.--Who curbs his appetite's a fool. + + _Echo_.--Ah! fool! + + _Glutton_.--I do not like this abstinence. + + _Echo_.--Hence! + + _Glutton_.--My joy's a feast, my wish is wine. + + _Echo_.--Swine. + + _Glutton_.--We epicures are happy truly. + + _Echo_.--You lie. + + _Glutton_.--May I not, Echo, eat my fill. + + _Echo_.--Ill. + + _Glutton_.--Will it hurt me if I drink too much? + + _Echo_.--Much. + + _Glutton_.--Thou mock'st me nymph, I'll not believe it. + + _Echo_.--Believe it. + + _Glutton_.--Dost thou condemn then what I do? + + _Echo_.--I do. + + _Glutton_.--Is it that which brings infirmities? + + _Echo_.--It is! + + _Glutton_.--Then sweetest temperance I'll love thee. + + _Echo_. I love thee.. + + {If all be true which thou + _Glutton_. { dost tell, + {To gluttony I bid farewell. + + _Echo_.--Farewell. + + W.A. + + * * * * * + + +EPITAPH ON A GAMESTER. + + + Here lies a gamester, poor but willing, + Who left the room without a shilling. + Losing each stake, till he had thrown + His last, and lost the game to Death; + If Paradise his soul has won, + 'Twas a rare stroke of luck i'faith! + + * * * * * + +Suicide is very common among the New Zealanders: thus, a woman who has +been beaten by her husband will perhaps hang herself immediately. + + * * * * * + +LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE + +_Following Novels is already Published_: + + _s_. _d_. + Mackenzie's Man of Feeling 0 6 + Paul and Virginia 0 6 + The Castle of Otranto 0 6 + Almoran and Hamet 0 6 + Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia 0 6 + The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne 0 6 + Rasselas 0 8 + The Old English Baron 0 8 + Nature and Art 0 8 + Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield 0 10 + Sicilian Romance 1 0 + The Man of the World 1 0 + A Simple Story 1 4 + Joseph Andrews 1 6 + Humphry Clinker 1 8 + The Romance of the Forest 1 8 + The Italian 2 0 + Zeluco, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Edward, by Dr Moore 2 6 + Roderick Random 2 6 + The Mysteries of Udolpho 3 6 + Peregrine Pickle 4 6 + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 387 *** + +***** This file should be named 11518-8.txt or 11518-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/1/5/1/11518/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Allen Siddle, David King, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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No. 387.</title> + +<style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[*/ + + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.short {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.short {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + + .note, .footnote + {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + + span.pagenum + {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt;} + + .poem + {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 1em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 3em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i10 {margin-left: 5em;} + .poem p.i14 {margin-left: 9em;} + + .figure + {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin: auto;} + .figure img + {border: none;} + .figure p + + .side { float:right; + font-size: 75%; + width: 25%; + padding-left:10px; + border-left: dashed thin; + margin-left: 10px; + text-align: left; + text-indent: 0; + font-weight: bold; + font-style: italic;} + --> +/*]]>*/ +</style> +</head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction + Vol. 14, Issue 387, August 28, 1829 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 8, 2004 [EBook #11518] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 387 *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Allen Siddle, David King, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team + + + + + + +</pre> + +<hr class="full" /> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page129" name="page129"></a>[pg +129]</span> +<h1>THE MIRROR<br /> +OF<br /> +LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1> +<hr class="full" /> +<table width="100%" summary="Volume, Number, and Date"> +<tr> +<td align="left"><b>Vol. XIV. No. 387.]</b></td> +<td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, AUGUST 29, 1829.</b></td> +<td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>CONSTANTINOPLE</h2> +<div class="figure" style="width:100%;"><a href= +"images/387-001.png"><img width="100%" src="images/387-001.png" +alt="CONSTANTINOPLE" /></a></div> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page130" name="page130"></a>[pg +130]</span> +<h3>CONSTANTINOPLE.</h3> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Queen of the Morn! Sultana of the East!"</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The splendour and extent of Constantinople are not within the +compass of one of our pages; but the annexed Engraving furnishes +some idea of a section of this queen of cities. It extends from +Seraglio Point to the Janissaries' Tower, and though commanding +only a portion of the city, includes the domes of the magnificent +mosques of Santa Sophia and the Sultan Achmet, which rise from a +vast assemblage of towers, palaces, minarets, &c. in every +style of architecture.</p> +<p>We have so often and so recently touched upon the ancient and +modern state of Constantinople, that we fear a recapitulation of +its splendour would be uninviting to our readers.<a id= +"footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href= +"#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> Nevertheless, as its mention is so +frequently coupled with the seat of war, and the "expulsion of the +Turks from Europe," our illustration will at this period be +interesting, as well as in some measure, explanatory of the +position of the city, which is so advantageous as to make it appear +fit for the seat of dominion over the whole world. Can we then be +surprised at its forming so tempting a lure to surrounding +nations?</p> +<p>The city stands at the eastern extremity of Romania, on a neck +of land that advances towards Natolia; on the south it is washed by +the sea of Marmora, and on the north-east by the gulf of the Golden +Horn. It is built, like ancient Rome, on seven hills, rising one +above the other in beautiful succession, and sloping gently towards +the water; the whole forming an irregular triangle, about twelve +miles in circumference, the entire of which space is closely +covered with palaces, mosques, baths, fountains, and houses; at a +short distance the proudly swelling domes of 300 mosques, the tall +and elegant minarets, crowned by glittering crescents, the ancient +towers on the walls, and the gaudily coloured kiosks and houses +rising above the stupendous trees in the seraglio, situated on the +extreme point, form a rich, picturesque, and extraordinary scene. +The gulf of the Golden Horn, to the north-east of the city, forms a +noble and capacious harbour, four miles in length, by half a mile +in breadth, capable of securely containing 1,200 ships of the +largest size, and is generally filled with the curiously built +vessels and gaily decorated boats of the Turks; on the opposite +shore is the maritime town of Galata, containing the docks, +arsenals, cannon founderies, barracks, &c.; above which stands +the populous suburb of Pera, the residence of the foreign ministers +of the Porte, and all foreigners of distinction, none whatever +being allowed to reside in the city. Beyond, as far as the eye can +reach, is an immense forest of cypress and mulberry trees, being +the extensive cemeteries of all persuasions. From Galata, the +European shore of the Bosphorus forms one continued line of towns; +palaces in every style of architecture, pleasure gardens, and +romantic villages. On the opposite, or Asiatic shore, stands the +extensive town of Scutari, also a suburb of Constantinople, +although in another quarter of the globe, and separated by a sea a +mile in breadth; and at a short distance is the ancient and ruinous +city of Calcedone. The group of the Prince's Islands, in the Sea of +Marmora, and the snow-clad summit of Mount Olympus, close the +prospect. Such is a mere outline of the natural and artificial +beauty of Constantinople.</p> +<p>The city itself is surrounded by walls, built of freestone, with +alternate layers of Roman brick, flanked by 478 towers; the walls, +however, are in several places so dilapidated as to be incapable of +any defence without great reparation. On the land side, the +fortifications consist of a triple wall, with towers at every 150 +yards; the first wall being 30 feet in height; the second 20, and +about 30 feet from the first; the third is twelve feet in height; +beyond this is a fosse, thirty feet wide, now converted into +gardens, and filled with fine grown trees, and a low counterscarp. +There are five gates on this side, and several to the water. The +streets, of which there are 3,770, with the exception of two or +three, are narrow, irregular, badly paved, and exceedingly dirty, +the only scavengers being vultures and half-starved dogs. There are +fourteen imperial mosques, about 200 others, and above that number +of messjids or chapels. The number of houses is prodigious; in +1796, the register of Effendissy gave 88,185 within the walls; they +are mostly constructed of wood, and the dwellings of the lower +classes are mere wooden boxes, cool in summer, the windows being +unglazed, and in winter heated by pans of charcoal. Fires are +consequently very frequent. The khans, or warehouses of the +merchants are, however, fireproof; the bazaars <span class= +"pagenum"><a id="page131" name="page131"></a>[pg 131]</span> are +also defended from fire, and are well built; and coffeehouses very +numerous. The city is amply supplied with water, there being 730 +public baths, a superb fountain in the Chinese taste in every +street, and few houses without similar provision. The population of +the city and suburbs is estimated at upwards of 600,000; of these +above one half are Turks, the remainder Jews, Franks, Greeks, +&c.</p> +<p>We have only space to particularize a few of the most prominent +buildings in our view. To the left is the Seraglio Point, or superb +palace of the Sultan, whose treasures almost realize the fables of +romance. Next is the superb dome of the Mosque of the Sultan +Achmet, without exception the finest building ever raised by the +Turks. It is surrounded by a lofty colonnade of marble, of various +colours, surmounted by 30 small domes: the large dome is supported +by four gigantic piers, covered as well as most of the interior, +with fresco paintings; it is rich in columns of verd antique, +Egyptian granite, and white marble; there are also four smaller +domes, similarly ornamented. Next, near the centre of the Engraving +is the Mosque of Santa Sophia, a truly superb and perfect monument +of antiquity, built at an expense of 320,000 pounds of silver, +(some authors say gold. <a id="footnotetag2" name= +"footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a>) Next in +importance are the Mosques of the Sultans Osmyn, Bajazet, and +Selim; and the Gulf of the Golden Horn, or the Harbour.</p> +<p>Among the suburbs of Constantinople, Scutari is not the least +interesting, inasmuch as it leads us to notice the funereal customs +of the Turks, and their cemeteries, of which Scutari is the +principal site.</p> +<p>Interment almost immediately follows upon the decease of the +person; a practice common to all classes at Constantinople. The +corpse is carried to the grave on a bier by the friends of the +deceased: this is considered as a religious duty, it being declared +in the Koran, that he who carries a dead body the space of forty +paces, procures for himself the expiation of a great sin.<a id= +"footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a> <a href= +"#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> The graves are shallow, and thin +boards only, laid over the corpse, protect it from the immediate +pressure of the earth, which is set with flowers, according to the +custom of the Pythagoreans, and a cypress tree is planted near +every new grave. As a grave is never opened a second time, a vast +tract of country is occupied with these burial-fields, which add by +no means to the salubrity of the vicinity. Much is gained, +unquestionably, as regards the health of the inhabitants, by +burying without the cities; but the shallowness of the graves +contributes to render these vast accumulations of animal dust, at +certain seasons more especially, a source of pestilential miasmata. +The cemeteries near Scutari are immense, owing to the predilection +which the Turks of Europe preserve for being buried in +Asia—that quarter of the world in which are situated the holy +cities, Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem, and Damascus. The author of +Anastasius gives the following vivid description of this +extraordinary spot:—</p> +<p>"A dense and motionless cloud of stagnant vapours ever shrouds +these dreary realms. From afar, a chilling sensation informs the +traveller that he approaches their dark and dismal precincts; and +as he enters them, an icy blast, rising from their inmost bosom, +rushes forth to meet his breath, suddenly strikes his chest, and +seems to oppose his progress. His very horse snuffs up the deadly +effluvia with signs of manifest terror, and, exhaling a cold and +clammy sweat, advances reluctantly over a hollow ground, which +shakes as he treads it, and loudly re-echoes his slow and fearful +step. So long and so busily has time been at work to fill this +chosen spot—so repeatedly has Constantinople poured into this +ultimate receptacle almost its whole contents—that the +capital of the living, spite of its immense population, scarcely +counts a single breathing inhabitant for every ten silent inmates +of this city of the dead. Already do its fields of blooming +sepulchres stretch far away on every side, across the brow of the +hills and the bend of the valleys; already are the avenues which +cross each other at every step in <span class="pagenum"><a id= +"page132" name="page132"></a>[pg 132]</span> this domain of death, +so lengthened, that the weary stranger, from whatever point he +comes, still finds before him many a dreary mile of road between +marshalled tombs and mournful cypresses, ere he reaches his +journey's seemingly receding end; and yet, every year does this +common patrimony of all the heirs to decay, still exhibit a rapidly +increasing size, a fresh and wider line of boundary, and a new belt +of young plantations, growing up between new flower beds of +graves.</p> +<p>"There, said I to myself, lie, scarcely one foot beneath the +surface of a swelling soil, ready to burst at every point with its +festering contents, more than half the generations whom death has +continued to mow down for nearly four centuries in the vast capital +of Islamism. There lie, side by side, on the same level, in cells +the size of their bodies, and only distinguished by a marble turban +somewhat longer or deeper—somewhat rounder or +squarer—personages, in life, far as heaven and earth asunder, +in birth, in station, in gifts of nature, and in long laboured +acquirements. There lie, sunk alike in their last sleep—alike +food for the worm that lives on death—the conqueror who +filled the universe with his name, and the peasant scarcely known +in his own hamlet; Sultan Mahmoud, and Sultan Mahmoud's perhaps +more deserving horse;<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a> +<a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a> elders bending under the +weight of years, and infants of a single hour; men with intellects +of angels, and men with understandings inferior to those of brutes; +the beauty of Georgia and the black of Sennaar; visiers, beggars, +heroes, and women.'"</p> +<p>The approach to Constantinople from the sea of Marmora is +likewise thus beautifully described by the same author, and will +form an appropriate conclusion:</p> +<p>"With eyes rivetted on the expanding splendour, I watched as +they came out of the bosom of the surrounding waters, the pointed +minarets, the swelling cupolas, and the innumerable habitations, +either stretching along the jagged shore, and reflecting their +shape in the mirror of the deep, or creeping up the crested +mountain, and tracing their outline on the expanse of the sky. At +first agglomerated in a single confused mass, the lesser part of +this immense whole seemed, as we advanced, by degrees to unfold, to +disengage themselves from each other, and to grow into various +groups, divided by wide chasms and deep indentures; until at last +the clusters, thus far still distantly connected, became +transformed, as if by magic, into three distinct cities, each +individually of prodigious extent, and each separated from the +other two by a wide arm of that sea whose silver tide encompassed +their base, and made its vast circuit rest half on Europe, and half +on Asia."</p> +<p>Since writing the above we have visited Mr. Burford's <i>New +Panorama of Constantinople</i>, which has lately been opened for +exhibition in the Strand; and although we cannot in this Number +enter into the detail of its merits, we recommend it to our +lionizing friends as one of Mr. Burford's most finished paintings, +and equal if not superior in effect to any exhibition in the +metropolis; but we reserve an account of its pictorial beauties for +our next publication.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>TWO SONNETS.</h3> +<h4><i>To M—— F——</i>.</h4> +<h4><i>(For the Mirror.)</i></h4> +<p>I.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>I met thee, ——, when the leaves were green</p> +<p class="i4">And living verdure clothed the countless trees</p> +<p class="i4">When meadow flowers allured the summer bees</p> +<p>And silvery skies shone o'er the cloudless scene</p> +<p>Bright as my thoughts when wand'ring to thy home</p> +<p class="i4">Where Nature looks <i>as though she were +divine</i></p> +<p class="i4">Not in the richness of the rip'ning vine</p> +<p>Not in the splendour of imperial Rome.</p> +<p>It is a ruder scene of rocks and trees</p> +<p class="i4">Where even barrenness is beauty—where</p> +<p class="i4">The glassy lake, below the mountain bare</p> +<p>Curls up its waters 'neath the casual breeze</p> +<p>And, 'midst the plenitude of flower and bud</p> +<p>Sweet violets hide them in the hilly wood.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>II.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>I parted with thee one autumnal day</p> +<p class="i4">When o'er the woods the northern tempest +beat—</p> +<p class="i4">The spoils of autumn rustling at our feet</p> +<p>And Nature wept to see her own decay.</p> +<p>The pliant poplar bent beneath the blast</p> +<p class="i4">The moveless oak stood warring with the storm</p> +<p class="i4">Which bow'd the pensive willow's weaker form</p> +<p>And naught gave token that thy love would last</p> +<p>Save the mute eloquence of forcing tears</p> +<p class="i4">Save the low pleading of thy ardent sighs</p> +<p class="i4">The fervent gazing of thy glowing eyes</p> +<p>A firm assurance, spite of all my fears</p> +<p>That, as the sunshine dries the summer rain</p> +<p>Thy <i>future</i> smile should bless for parting pain.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>* * H.</p> +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page133" name="page133"></a>[pg +133]</span> +<h3>ILLUSTRATION OF SOME OLD PROVERBS, &c.</h3> +<h4><i>(For the Mirror.)</i></h4> +<p><i>"Ax." To ask</i>. This word which now passes for a mere +vulgarism, is the original Saxon form, and used by Chaucer and +others. See "Tyrwhitt's Glossary." We find it also in Bishop Bale's +"God's Promises." "That their synne vengeaunce <i>axed</i> +continually." Old Plays. i. 18. Also in the "Four P.'s," by +Heywood, "And <i>axed</i> them thys question than." Old Pl. i. 84. +An <i>axing</i> is used by Chaucer for a request. Ben Jonson +introduces it jocularly:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"A man out of wax,</p> +<p>As a lady would ax."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em"><i>Masques</i>, vol. 6, p. +85.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<p>"<i>Between the Cup and the Lip</i>." The proverb that many +things fall out between the cup and the lip, is a literal version +of one in Latin. <i>Multo inter pocula ac libra cadunt</i>. The +origin of which was as follows:—A king of Thrace had planted +a vineyard, when one of his slaves, whom he had much oppressed in +that very work, prophesied that he should never taste of the wine +produced in it. The monarch disregarded the prediction, and when at +an entertainment he held a glassful of his own wine made from the +grape of that vineyard, he sent for the slave, and asked him what +he thought of his prophecy now; to which the other replied, "Many +things fall out between the cup and the lip," and he had scarcely +delivered this singular response, before news was brought that a +monstrous boar was laying waste the favourite vineyard. The king, +in a rage, put down the cup which he held in his hand, and hurried +out with his people to attack the boar; but being too eager, the +boar rushed upon him and killed him, without having tasted of the +wine. Such is the story related by some of the Greek writers, and +though evidently apocryphal, it certainly is productive of a good +practical moral.</p> +<p>"<i>In the merry pin</i>." This is said of those who have drunk +freely and are cheerful in their cups. Among the ancient northern +nations, it was customary to drink out of large horns, in which +were placed small pins, like a scale of distances, and he who +quaffed most was considered as a toper of the first magnitude, and +respected accordingly. The merry pin was that which stood pretty +far from the mouth of the horn, and he who, at a draught, reduced +the liquor to that point, was a man of no ordinary prowess in +bacchanalian contest.</p> +<p>"<i>Under the Rose be it spoken</i>." The rose being dedicated +by Cupid to Harpocrates, the god of Silence, to engage him to +conceal the amours of Venus, was an emblem of Silence; whence to +present it or hold it up to any person in discourse, served instead +of an admonition, that it was time for him to hold his peace; and +in entertaining rooms it was customary to place a rose above the +table, to signify that what was there spoken should be kept +private. This practice is described by the following +epigram:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Est rosa flos, Veneris cujus quo facta laterunt,</p> +<p>Harpocrati matri dona dicavit Amor,</p> +<p>Inde rosam mensis hospes suspendit amicis</p> +<p>Convivii et sub ea dicta tacenda sciat.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em"><i>Potter's Ant. +Greece</i>.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<p>"<i>Cant</i>." This word, which is now generally applied to +fanatical preachers, and hypocritical apprentices in religion, +derives its name from two Scotch Presbyterian ministers, in the +reign of Charles II. They were father and son, both called Andrew +Cant; and Whitelocke in his "Memoirs," p. 511, after narrating the +defeat at Worcester, in 1651, says, "Divers Scotch ministers were +permitted to meet at Edinburgh, to keep a day of humiliation, as +they pretended, for their too much compliance with the King," and +in the same month when Lord Argyll had called a parliament, Mr. +Andrew Cant, a minister, said in his pulpit, that "God was bound to +hold this parliament, for that all other parliaments was called by +man, but this was brought about by his own hand."</p> +<p>"<i>An't please the Pigs</i>." In this phrase there is not only +a peculiarity of dialect, but the corruption of a word, and a +change of one thing for another. In the first place, <i>an</i>, in +the midland counties, is used for if; and pigs is evidently a +corruption of Pyx, the sacred vessel containing the host in Roman +Catholic countries. In the last place, the vessel is substituted +for the power itself, by an easy metonymy in the same manner as +when we talk of "the sense of the house," we do not mean to ascribe +intelligence to a material building; but to the persons in it +assembled for a deliberate purpose; the expression therefore +signifies no more than "<i>Deo volente</i>," or God willing.</p> +<p>"<i>Bumper</i>." In many parts of England any thing large is +called a bumper. Hence a bumping lass is a large girl of her age, +and a bumpkin is a large-limbed, uncivilized rustic; the idea of +grossness of size entering into the idea of a country bumpkin, as +well as that <span class="pagenum"><a id="page134" name= +"page134"></a>[pg 134]</span>of unpolished rudeness. Dr. Johnson, +however, strangely enough deduces the word bumpkin from bump; but +what if it should prove to be a corruption of bumbard, or bombard: +in low Latin, bombardus, a great gun, and from thence applied to a +large flagon, or full glass. Thus the Lord Chamberlain says to the +porters who had been negligent in keeping out the mob.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i14">"You are lazy knaves:</p> +<p>And here ye lie, baiting of bombard, when</p> +<p>Ye should do service."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em"><i>Shaks. Hen</i>. VIII. +<i>Act</i> 5, <i>Scene</i> 3.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<p>"Baiting of bombard" is a term for sitting and drinking, which +Nash in his "Supplycacyon to the Deuyll," calls by the like +metaphor, "bear baiting." So Shakspeare again in the "Tempest," +says,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Yond same black cloud, yond huge one,</p> +<p>Seems like foul bombard, that would shed his liquor."</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em"><i>Tempest, Act</i> 2, +<i>Scene</i> 2.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Which Theobald rightly explains thus: "A large vessel for +holding drink, as well as the piece of ordinance so called."</p> +<p>"<i>Latter Lammas</i>." Lammas day is the first day of August, +so called quasi, Lamb-mass, on which day the tenants that hold +lands of the Cathedral of York, which is dedicated to St. Peter, ad +Vincula, were bound by that tenure to bring a living lamb into the +church at high mass.—<i>Cornell's Interpreter</i>. Lammas day +was always a great day of account, for in the payment of rents our +ancestors distributed the year into four quarters, ending at +Candlemas, Whitsuntide, Lammas, and Martinmas, and this was as +common as the present divisions of Lady day, Midsummer, Michaelmas, +and Christmas. In regard to Lammas, in addition to its being one of +the days of reckoning, it appears from the Confessor's laws, that +it was the specific day whereon the Peter-pence, a tax very +rigorously executed, and the punctual payment of which was enforced +under a severe penalty, was paid. In this view then, Lammas stands +as a day of account, and Latter Lammas will consequently signify +the day of doom, which in effect, as to all payments of money, or +worldly transactions in money, is never. Latter here is used for +last, or the comparative for the superlative, just as it is in a +like case in our version of the book of Job, "I know that my +redeemer liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the +earth," meaning of course the last day, or the end of the world. +That the last day, or Latter Lammas, as to all temporal affairs is +never, may be illustrated by the following story:—A man at +confession owned his having stolen a sow and pigs; the father +confessor exhorted him to make restitution. The penitent said some +were sold, and some were killed, but the priest not satisfied with +this excuse, told him they would appear against him at the day of +judgment if he did not make restitution to the owner, upon which +the man replied, "Well, I'll return them to him then."</p> +<p>"<i>Lydford Law</i>." In Devonshire and Cornwall this saying is +common:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"First hang and draw,</p> +<p>Then hear the cause by Lydford Law."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Sometimes it is expressed in this manner; "Lydford Law, by which +they hang men first, and try them afterwards." Lydford was formerly +a town of note, but now an inconsiderable village on the borders of +Dartmoor, not far from Tavistock. It is famous for a ruined castle, +under which is a dungeon that used to be a prison for the +confinement of persons who offended against the Stannary Courts of +Tavistock, Ashburton, Chapford, and Plimpton. These Stannary Courts +were erected by a charter of Edward III. for the purpose of +regulating the affairs of the tin mines in Devonshire, and of +determining causes among the tinners, whether criminal, or actions +for debt. The proceedings were very summary, and the prison +horribly offensive. Near Lydford is a famous waterfall, and a most +romantic view down the river Lyd; over which is a curious bridge +built with one arch. The parish is the largest in the kingdom, +including the whole Forest of Dartmoor. William Browne of +Tavistock, and the author of <i>Britannia's Pastorals</i>, gives a +humorous description of Lydford in the reign of James I.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>THE CONTEMPORARY TRAVELLER.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3>JOURNEY IN SEARCH OF THE RED INDIANS OF NEWFOUNDLAND.</h3> +<p>In the island of Newfoundland, an institution has been formed +for opening a communication with, and promoting the civilization +of, the Red Indians; and procuring, if possible, an authentic +history of that unhappy race of people, in order that their +language, customs, and pursuits, may be contrasted with those of +other tribes of Indians and nations. The interior of the island is +less known than any other British possessions abroad; but, from the +exertions of the above Society, more information has been collected +concerning the natives, than has been obtained during the two +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page135" name="page135"></a>[pg +135]</span> centuries and a half in which Newfoundland has been in +possession of Europeans. The last journey was undertaken by W.E. +Cormack, Esq., president of the Society. His report has appeared in +a recent Number of the <i>Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal</i>, +and will, we are persuaded, be interesting to our readers:</p> +<p>"My party," says Mr. Cormack, "consisted of three Indians, whom +I procured from among the other different tribes, viz. an +intelligent and able man of the Abenakie tribe, from Canada; an +elderly Mountaineer from Labrador; and an adventurous young +Micmack, a native of this island, together with myself. It was my +intention to have commenced our search at White Bay, which is +nearer the northern extremity of the island than where we did, and +to have travelled southward. But the weather not permitting to +carry my party thither by water, after several days' delay, I +unwillingly changed my line of route.</p> +<p>"On the 31st of October, 1828, last, we entered the country at +the mouth of the River Exploits, on the north side, at what is +called the Northern Arm. We took a north-westerly direction, to +lead us to Hall's Bay, which place we reached through an almost +uninterrupted forest, over a hilly country, in eight days. This +tract comprehends the country interior from New Bay, Badger Bay, +Seal Bay, &c.; these being minor bays, included in Green or +Notre Dame Bay, at the north-east part of the island, and well +known to have been always heretofore the summer residence of the +Red Indians.</p> +<p>"On the fourth day after our departure, at the east end of +Badger Bay-Great Lake, at a <i>portage</i> known by the name of the +Indian Path, we found traces made by the Red Indians, evidently in +the spring or summer of the preceding year. Their party had had two +canoes; and here was a <i>canoe-rest</i>, on which the daubs of red +ochre, and the roots of trees used to fasten or tie it together +appeared fresh. A canoe-rest, is simply a few beams supported +horizontally about five feet from the ground, by perpendicular +posts. A party with two canoes, when descending from the interior +to the sea-coast, through such a part of the country as this, where +there are troublesome portages, leave one canoe resting, bottom up, +on this kind of frame, to protect it from injury by the weather, +until their return. Among other things which lay strewed about +here, were a spearshaft, eight feet in length, recently made and +ochred; parts of old canoes, fragments of their skin-dresses, +&c. For some distance around, the trunks of many of the birch, +and of that species of spruce pine called here the Var (<i>Pinus +balsamifera</i>) had been rinded; these people using the inner part +of the bark of that kind of tree for food. Some of the cuts in the +trees with the axe, were evidently made the preceding year. Besides +these, we were elated by other encouraging signs. The traces left +by the Red Indians are so peculiar, that we were confident those we +saw here were made by them.</p> +<p>"This spot has been a favourite place of settlement with these +people. It is situated at the commencement of a <i>portage</i>, +which forms a communication by a path between the sea-coast at +Badger Bay, about eight miles to the north-east, and a chain of +lakes extending westerly and southerly from hence, and discharging +themselves by a rivulet into the River Exploits, about thirty miles +from its mouth. A path also leads from this place to the lakes, +near New Bay, to the eastward. Here are the remains of one of their +villages, where the vestiges of eight or ten winter +<i>mamatecks</i>, or wigwams, each intended to contain from six to +eighteen or twenty people, are distinctly seen close together. +Besides these, there are the remains of a number of summer wigwams. +Every winter wigwam has close by it a small square-mouthed or +oblong pit, dug into the earth, about four feet deep, to preserve +their stores, &c. in. Some of these pits were lined with birch +rind. We discovered also in this village the remains of a +vapour-bath. The method used by the Boeothicks to raise the steam, +was by pouring water on large stones made very hot for the purpose, +in the open air, by burning a quantity of wood around them; after +this process, the ashes were removed, and a hemispherical framework +closely covered with skins, to exclude the external air, was fixed +over the stones. The patient then crept in under the skins, taking +with him a birch-rind bucket of water, and a small bark-dish to dip +it out, which, by pouring on the stones, enabled him to raise the +steam at pleasure.<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a> +<a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a></p> +<p>"At Hall's Bay we got no useful <span class="pagenum"><a id= +"page136" name="page136"></a>[pg 136]</span> information, from the +three (and the only) English families settled there. Indeed we +could hardly have expected any; for these, and such people, have +been the unchecked and ruthless destroyers of the tribe, the +remnant of which we were in search of. After sleeping one night in +a <i>house</i>, we again struck into the country to the +westward.</p> +<p>"In five days we were on the high lands south of White Bay, and +in sight of the high lands east of the Bay of Islands, on the west +coast of Newfoundland. The country south and west of us was low and +flat, consisting of marshes, extending in a southerly direction +more than thirty miles. In this direction lies the famous Red +Indians' Lake. It was now near the middle of November, and the +winter had commenced pretty severely in the interior. The country +was every where covered with snow, and, for some days past, we had +walked over the small ponds on the ice. The summits of the hills on +which we stood had snow on them, in some places, many feet deep. +The deer were migrating from the rugged and dreary mountains in the +north, to the low mossy barren, and more woody parts in the south; +and we inferred, that if any of the Red Indians had been at White +Bay during the past summer, they might be at that time stationed +about the borders of the low tract of country before us, at the +<i>deer-passes</i>, or were employed somewhere else in the +interior, killing deer for winter provision. At these passes, which +are particular places in the migration lines of path, such as the +extreme ends of, and straights in, many of the large +lakes—the foot of valleys between high and rugged +mountains—fords in the large rivers, and the like—-the +Indians kill great numbers of deer with very little trouble, during +their migrations. We looked out for two days from the summits of +the hills adjacent, trying to discover the smoke from the camps of +the Red Indians; but in vain. These hills command a very extensive +view of the country in every direction.</p> +<p>"We now determined to proceed towards the Red Indians' Lake, +sanguine that, at that known rendezvous, we could find the objects +of our search.</p> +<p>"In about ten days we got a glimpse of this beautifully majestic +and splendid sheet of water. The ravages of fire, which we saw in +the woods for the last two days, indicated that man had been near. +We looked down on the lake, from the hills at the northern +extremity, with feelings of anxiety and admiration:—No canoe +could be discovered moving on its placid surface, in the distance. +We were the first Europeans who had seen it in an unfrozen state, +for the three former parties who had visited it before, were here +in the winter, when its waters were frozen and covered over with +snow. They had reached it from below, by way of the River Exploits, +on the ice. We approached the lake with hope and caution; but found +to our mortification that the Red Indians had deserted it for some +years past. My party had been so excited, so sanguine, and so +determined to obtain an interview of some kind with these people, +that, on discovering from appearances every where around us, that +the Red Indians—the terror of the Europeans as well as the +other Indian inhabitants of Newfoundland—no longer existed, +the spirits of one and all of us were very deeply affected. The old +mountaineer was particularly overcome. There were every where +indications, that this had long been the central and undisturbed +rendezvous of the tribe, when they had enjoyed peace and security. +But these primitive people had abandoned it, after having been +tormented by parties of Europeans during the last eighteen years. +Fatal rencounters had on these occasions unfortunately taken +place."</p> +<p><i>(To be concluded in our next.)</i></p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>THE SELECTOR, AND LITERARY NOTICES OF <i>NEW WORKS</i>.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3>AN HONOURABLE "INDEPENDENT" FAMILY.</h3> +<p>The Honourable Mister Augustus Headerton, who lived once in +yonder villa, was the youngest of eleven children, and consequently +the junior brother of the noble Lord of Headerton, nephew of the +Honourable Justice Cleaveland, nephew of Admiral Barrymore, K.C.B., +&c. &c. &c.; and cousin first, second, third, fourth, +fifth, sixth, or seventh remove—to all the honourables and +dishonourables in the country.</p> +<p>When the old earl died, he left four Chancery suits, and a +nominal estate to the heir apparent, to whom he also bequeathed his +three younger brothers and sisters, who had only small annuities +from their mother's fortune, being assured that (to use his own +words), "he might <i>depend</i> on him for the honour of the +family, to provide for them handsomely." And so he did (in +his<span class="pagenum"><a id="page137" name="page137"></a>[pg +137]</span> own estimation); his lady sisters had "the run of the +house," and Mr. Augustus Headerton had the run of the stables, the +use of hunters and dogs, and was universally acknowledged to +possess "a proper spirit," because he spent three times more than +his income. "He bates the world and all, for beauty, in a hunting +jacket," exclaimed the groom. "He flies a gate beyant any living +sowl I iver seed, and his tallyho, my jewel—'twould do y'er +heart good to hear his tallyho!" said my lord's huntsman. "He's a +generous jontleman as any in the kingdom—I'll say that for +him, any day in the year," echoed the coachman. "He's admired more +nor any jintleman as walks Steven's Green in a month o' Sundays, +I'll go bail," continued Miss Jenny Roe, the ladies' maid.</p> +<p>"Choose a profession!" Oh! no; impossible. An Irish gentleman +choose a profession! But the Honourable Mr. Augustus Headerton +chose a wife, and threw all his relations, including Lord +Headerton, the Honourable Justice Cleaveland, Admiral Barrymore, +K.C.B., and his cousins to the fiftieth remove, into strong +convulsions, or little fits. She, the lady, had sixty thousand +pounds; that, of course, they could not object to. She had eloped +with the Honourable Mr. Augustus Headerton;—mere youthful +indiscretion. She was little and ugly;—that only concerned +her husband. She was proud and extravagant;—those (they said) +were lady-like failings. She was ignorant and stupid;—her +sisters-in-law would have pardoned that. She was vulgar;—that +was awkward. Her father was a carcass butcher in Cole's Lane +market—death and destruction!</p> +<p>It could never be forgiven! the cut direct was unanimously +agreed on, and the little lady turned up her little nose in +disdain, as her handsome barouche rolled past the lumbering +carriage of the Right Honourable Lord Headerton. She persuaded her +husband to purchase that beautiful villa, in view of the family +domain, that she might have more frequent opportunities of +bringing, as she elegantly expressed it, "the proud beggars to +their trumps;—and why not?—money's money, all the world +over." The Honourable Mister Augustus <i>depended</i> on his agent +for the purchase, and some two thousand and odd pounds were +consequently paid, or said to have been paid, for it, more than its +value. And then commenced the general warfare; full purse and empty +head—<i>versus</i> no purse, and old nobility. They had the +satisfaction of ruining each other—the full purse was emptied +by devouring duns, and the old nobility suffered by its connexion +with vulgarity.</p> +<p>"I want to know, Honourable Mister Augustus +Headerton"—(the lady always gave the full name when +addressing her husband; she used to say it was all she got for her +money),—"I want to know, Honourable Mister Augustus +Headerton, the reason why the music master's lessons, given to the +Misses Headerton (they were blessed with seven sweet pledges of +affection), have not been paid for? I desired the steward to see to +it, and you know I <i>depend</i> on him to settle these +matters."</p> +<p>The Honourable Mrs. Augustus Headerton rang the bell—"Send +Martin up."</p> +<p>"Mister Martin," the lady began, "what is the reason that Mr. +Langi's account has not been paid?"</p> +<p>"My master, ma'am knows that I have been anxious for him to look +over the accounts; the goings-out are so very great, and the +comings-in, as far as I know"—The Honourable Mister Augustus +Headerton spilt some of the whiskey-punch he was drinking, over a +splendid hearth-rug, which drew the lady's attention from what +would have been an unpleasant <i>eclaircissement</i>.</p> +<p>"I cannot understand why difficulties should arise. I am certain +I brought a fortune large enough for all extravagance," was the +lady's constant remark when expenditure was mentioned. Years pass +over the heads of the young—and they grow old; and over the +heads of fools—but they never grow wise.</p> +<p>The Honourable Mister and Mistress Augustus Headerton were +examples of this truth;—their children grew up around +them—but could derive no support from their parent root. The +mother had <i>depended</i> on governesses and masters for the +education of her girls—and on their beauty, connexions, or +accomplishments, to procure them husbands. The father did not deem +the labours of study fit occupation for the sons of an ancient +house:—"<i>Depend</i> upon it," he would say, "they'll all do +well with my connexions—they will be able to command what +they please." The Honourable Mistress Augustus could not now boast +of a full purse, for they had long been living on the memory of +their once ample fortune.</p> +<p>The Honourable Mister Augustus Headerton died, in the +forty-fifth year of his age, of inflammation, caught in an old +limekiln, where he was concealed <span class="pagenum"><a id= +"page138" name="page138"></a>[pg 138]</span> to avoid an arrest for +the sum of 180 guineas, for black Nell, the famous filly, who won +the cup on the Curragh of Kildare—purchased in his name, but +without his knowledge, by his second son, the pride of the +family—commonly called dashing Dick.</p> +<p>All I know further of the Honourable Mistress Augustus Headerton +is, that</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"She played at cards, and died."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Miss Georgiana—the beauty, and greatest fool of the +family, who <i>depended</i> on her face as a fortune, did get a +husband—an old, rich West India planter, and eloped, six +months after marriage, with an officer of dragoons.</p> +<p>Miss Celestina was really clever and accomplished. "Use her +abilities for her own support!" Oh, no! not for worlds—Too +proud to work, but not too proud to beg, she <i>depended</i> on her +relations, and played toady to all who would.</p> +<p>Miss Louisa—not clever; but in all other respects, +ditto—ditto.</p> +<p>Miss Charlotte was always very romantic; refused a respectable +banker with indignation, and married her uncle's footman—for +love.</p> +<p>Having sketched the female part of the family first (a +compliment by the way they do not always receive from their own +sex)—I will tell you what I remember of the gentlemen.</p> +<p>"The Emperor," as Mr. Augustus was called, from his stately +manner and dignified deportment, aided by as much self-esteem as +could well be contained in a human body, <i>depended</i>, without +any "compunctuous visitings of conscience," on the venison, claret, +and champagne of his friends, and thought all the time he did them +honour:—and thus he passed his life.</p> +<p>"Dashing Dick" was the opposite of the Emperor; sung a good +song—told a good story—and gloried in making ladies +blush. He <i>depended</i> on his cousin, Colonel Bloomfield, +procuring him a commission in his regiment, and cheated tailors, +hosiers, glovers, coach-makers, and even lawyers, with impunity. +Happily for the world at large, Dashing Dick broke his neck in a +steeple chase, on a stolen horse, which he would have been hanged +for purloining, had he lived a day longer.</p> +<p>Ferdinand was the bonne-bouche of the family: they used to call +him "the Parson!" Excellent Ferdinand!—he <i>depended</i> on +his exertions; and, if ever the name of Headerton rises in the +scale of moral or intellectual superiority, it will be owing to the +steady and virtuous efforts of Mister Ferdinand Headerton, +merchant, in the good city of B——.</p> +<p><i>Sketches of Irish Character, by Mrs. S.C. Hall</i>.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE UNDER DIFFICULTIES.</h3> +<p>We quote the following from the portion of the <i>Library of +Entertaining Knowledge</i>, with the above title—to show the +mode in which the heads of the respective chapters are +illustrated:</p> +<p><i>Obscure Origin</i>.</p> +<p>"The parents of SEBASTIAN CASTALIO, the elegant Latin translator +of the Bible, were poor peasants, who lived among the mountains in +Dauphiny.</p> +<p>"The Abbé HAUTEFEUILLE, who distinguished himself in the +seventeenth century, by his inventions in clock and watch making, +was the son of a baker.</p> +<p>"PARINI, the modern satiric poet of Italy, was the son of a +peasant, who died when he was in his boyhood, and left him to be +the only support of his widowed mother; while, to add to his +difficulties, he was attacked in his nineteenth year by a +paralysis, which rendered him a cripple for life.</p> +<p>"The parents of Dr. JOHN PRIDEAUX, who afterwards rose to be +Bishop of Worcester, were in such poor circumstances, that they +were with difficulty able to keep him at school till he had learned +to read and write; and he obtained the rest of his education by +walking on foot to Oxford, and getting employed in the first +instance as assistant in the kitchen of Exeter College, in which +society he remained till he gradually made his way to a +fellowship.</p> +<p>"The father of INIGO JONES, the great architect, who built the +Banqueting-house at Whitehall, and many other well known edifices, +was a cloth-worker; and he himself was also destined originally for +a mechanical employment.</p> +<p>"Sir EDMUND SAUNDERS, Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench +in the reign of Charles II., was originally an errand boy at the +Inns of Court, and gradually acquired the elements of his knowledge +of the law by being employed to copy precedents.</p> +<p>"LINNAEUS, the founder of the science of Botany, although the +son of the clergyman of a small village in Sweden, was for some +time apprenticed to a shoemaker; and was only rescued from his +humble employment by accidentally meeting one day a physician named +Rothman, who, having entered into conversation with him, was so +much struck with his intelligence, that he sent him to the +university.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page139" name="page139"></a>[pg +139]</span> +<p>"The father of MICHAEL LOMONOSOFF, one of the most celebrated +Russian poets of the last century, and who eventually attained the +highest literary dignities in his own country, was only a simple +fisherman. Young Lomonosoff had great difficulty in acquiring as +much education as enabled him to read and write; and it was only by +running away from his father's house, and taking refuge in a +monastery at Moscow, that he found means to obtain an acquaintance +with the higher branches of literature.</p> +<p>"The famous BEN JONSON worked for some time as a bricklayer or +mason; 'and let not them blush,' says Fuller, speaking of this +circumstance in his "English Worthies," with his usual amusing, but +often expressive quaintness, 'let not them blush that have, but +those that have not, a lawful calling. He helped in the building of +the new structure of Lincoln's Inn, when, having a trowel in his +hand, he had a book in his pocket.'</p> +<p>"PETER RAMUS, one of the most celebrated writers and intrepid +thinkers of the sixteenth century, was employed in his childhood as +a shepherd, and obtained his education by serving as a lacquey in +the College of Navarre.</p> +<p>"The Danish astronomer, LONGOMONTANUS, was the son of a +labourer, and, while attending the academical lectures at Wyburg +through the day, was obliged to work for his support during a part +of the night.</p> +<p>"The elder DAVID PAREUS, the eminent German Protestant divine, +who was afterwards Professor of Theology at Heidelberg, was placed +in his youth as an apprentice, first with an apothecary, and then +with a shoemaker.</p> +<p>"HANS SACHS, one of the most famous of the early German poets, +and a scholar of considerable learning, was the son of a tailor, +and served an apprenticeship himself, first to a shoemaker, and +afterwards to a weaver, at which last trade, indeed, he continued +to work during the rest of his life.</p> +<p>"JOHN FOLCZ, another old German poet, was a barber.</p> +<p>"LUCAS CORNELISZ, a Dutch painter of the sixteenth century, who +visited England during the reign of Henry VIII., and was patronized +by that monarch, was obliged, while in his own country, in order to +support his large family, to betake himself to the profession of a +cook.</p> +<p>"Dr. ISAAC MADDOX, who, in the reign of George II., became +bishop, first of St. Asaph, and then of Worcester, and who is well +known by his work in defence of the Doctrine and Discipline of the +Church of England, lost both his parents, who belonged to a very +humble rank of life, at an early age, and was, in the first +instance, placed by his friends with a pastrycook.</p> +<p>"The late Dr. ISAAC MILNER, Dean of Carlisle, and Lucasian +Professor of the Mathematics at Cambridge, who had the reputation +of one of the first mathematicians of that University, and who +published some ingenious papers on Chemistry and Natural +Philosophy, in the 'Philosophical Transactions,' was originally a +weaver—as was also his brother JOSEPH, the well known, author +of a 'History of the Church.' Of the same profession was also, in +his younger days, the late Dr. JOSEPH WHITE, Professor of Arabic at +Oxford.</p> +<p>"CASSERIO, a well known Italian anatomist, was initiated in the +elements of Medical Science by a surgeon of Padua, with whom he had +lived originally as a domestic servant.</p> +<p>"JOHN CHRISTIAN THEDEN, who rose to be chief surgeon to the +Prussian army under Frederick II. had in his youth been apprenticed +to a tailor."</p> +<p><i>Influence of Accident in directing Pursuits</i>.</p> +<p>"The celebrated Bernard Palissy, to whom France was indebted, in +the sixteenth century, for the introduction of the manufacture of +enamelled pottery, had his attention first attracted to the art, +his improvements in which, form to this time the glory of his name +among his countrymen, by having one day seen by chance a beautiful +enamelled cup, which had been brought from Italy. He was then +struggling to support his family by his attempts in the art of +painting, in which he was self-taught; and it immediately occurred +to him that, if he could discover the secret of making these cups, +his toils and difficulties would be at an end. From that moment his +whole thoughts were directed to this object; and in one of his +works he has himself given us such an account of the unconquerable +zeal with which he prosecuted his experiments, as it is impossible +to read without the deepest interest. For some time he had little +or nothing to expend upon the pursuit which he had so much at +heart; but at last he happened to receive a considerable sum of +money for a work which he had finished, and this enabled him to +commence his researches. He spent the whole of his money, however, +without meeting with any success, and he was now poorer than ever. +Yet it <span class="pagenum"><a id="page140" name="page140"></a>[pg +140]</span> was in vain that his wife and friends besought him to +relinquish what they deemed his chimerical and ruinous project. He +borrowed more money, with which he repeated his experiments; and, +when he had no more fuel wherewith to feed his furnaces, he cut +down his chairs and tables for that purpose. Still his success was +inconsiderable. He was now actually obliged to give a person, who +had assisted him, part of his clothes by way of remuneration, +having nothing else left; and, with his wife and children starving +before his eyes, and by their appearance silently reproaching him +as the cause of their sufferings, he was at heart miserable enough. +But he neither despaired, nor suffered his friends to know what he +felt; persevering, in the midst of all his misery, a gay demeanour, +and losing no opportunity of renewing his pursuit of the object +which he all the while felt confident he should one day accomplish. +And at last, after sixteen years of persevering exertion, his +efforts were crowned with complete success, and his fortune was +made. Palissy was, in all respects, one of the most extraordinary +men of his time; in his moral character displaying a +high-mindedness and commanding energy altogether in harmony with +the reach and originality of conception by which his understanding +was distinguished. Although a Protestant, he had escaped, through +the royal favour, from the massacre of St. Bartholomew; but, having +been soon after shut up in the Bastille, he was visited in his +prison by the king, who told him, that if he did not comply with +the established religion, he should be forced, however unwillingly, +to leave him in the hands of his enemies. 'Forced!' replied +Palissy, 'This is not to speak like a king; but they who force you +cannot force me; I can die!' He never regained his liberty, but +ended his life in the Bastille, in the ninetieth year of his +age."</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>OLD POETS.</h2> +<hr /> +<h4>LOVE.</h4> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>What thing is Love, which naught can countervail?</p> +<p class="i2">Naught save itself, ev'n such a thing is Love.</p> +<p>And worldly wealth in worth as far doth fail,</p> +<p class="i2">As lowest earth doth yield to heav'n above.</p> +<p>Divine is love, and scorneth worldly pelf,</p> +<p>And can be bought with nothing but with self.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">SIR W. RALEIGH.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>If Love be life, I long to die,</p> +<p class="i2">Live they that list for me:</p> +<p>And he that gains the most thereby,</p> +<p class="i2">A fool at least shall be.</p> +<p>But he that feels the sorest fits</p> +<p>'Scapes with no less than loss of wits.</p> +<p class="i2">Unhappy life they gain,</p> +<p class="i2">Which love do entertain.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">SIR W. RALEIGH.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>If all the world and Love were young,</p> +<p>And truth in every shepherd's tongue,</p> +<p>These pleasures might my passion move,</p> +<p>To live with thee, and be my love.</p> +<p>But fading flowers in every field,</p> +<p>To winter floods their treasures yield;</p> +<p>A honey'd tongue, a heart of gall,</p> +<p>Is fancy's spring, but sorrow's fall.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">SIR W. RALEIGH.—<i>Answer to +Marlowe's "Come Live," &c</i>.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Passions are likened best to floods and streams;</p> +<p class="i2">The shallow murmur, but the deep are dumb,</p> +<p>So, when affections yield discourse, it seems</p> +<p class="i2">The bottom is but shallow whence they come:</p> +<p>They that are rich in words must needs discover</p> +<p>They are but poor in that which makes a lover.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">SIR W. RALEIGH.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>—— Love is nature's second sun</p> +<p>Causing a spring of virtues where he shines.</p> +<p>And, as without the sun, the world's great eye,</p> +<p>All colours, beauties, both of art and nature,</p> +<p>Are giv'n in vain to men; so, without love</p> +<p>All beauties bred in woman are in vain,</p> +<p>All virtues born in men lie buried;</p> +<p>For love informs them as the sun doth colours.</p> +<p>And as the sun reflecting his warm beams</p> +<p>Against the earth, begets all fruits and flowers,</p> +<p>So love, fair shining in the inward man,</p> +<p>Brings forth in him the honourable fruits</p> +<p>Of valour, wit, virtue, and haughty thoughts,</p> +<p>Brave resolution, and divine discourse.</p> +<p>O! 'tis the paradise! the heaven of earth!</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">CHAPMAN.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Ladies, though to your conquering eyes</p> +<p>Love owes its chiefest victories,</p> +<p>And borrows those bright arms from you</p> +<p>With which he does the world subdue;</p> +<p>Yet you yourselves are not above</p> +<p>The empire nor the griefs of love.</p> +<p>Then wrack not lovers with disdain,</p> +<p>Lest love on you revenge their pain;</p> +<p>You are not free, because you're fair,</p> +<p>The boy did not his mother spare:</p> +<p>Though beauty be a killing dart,</p> +<p>It is no armour for the heart.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">ETHERIDGE.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Come, little infant, love me now.</p> +<p class="i2">While thine unsuspected years</p> +<p>Clear thine aged father's brow</p> +<p class="i2">From cold jealousy and fears.</p> +<p>Pretty, surely, 'twere to see</p> +<p class="i2">By young Love old Time beguil'd;</p> +<p>While our sportings are as free</p> +<p class="i2">As the muse's with the child.</p> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Now then, love me; Time may take</p> +<p class="i2">Thee before my time away;</p> +<p>Of this need we'll virtue make</p> +<p class="i2">And learn love before we may.</p> +<p>So we win of doubtful fate;</p> +<p class="i2">And if good to us she meant,</p> +<p>We that good shall antedate.</p> +<p class="i2">Or, if ill, that ill prevent.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">MARVELL.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Hear ye virgins, and I'll teach,</p> +<p>What the times of old did preach:</p> +<p>Rosamond was in a tower</p> +<p>Kept, as Danae, in a tower;</p> +<p>But yet love, who subtle is,</p> +<p>Crept to that, and came to this:</p> +<p>Be ye lock'd up like to these,</p> +<p>Or the rich Hesperides:</p> +<p>Or those babies in your eyes,</p> +<p>In their crystal nurseries;</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page141" name="page141"></a>[pg +141]</span> +<p>Notwithstanding love will win,</p> +<p>Or else force a passage in;</p> +<p>And as coy be as you can.</p> +<p>Gifts will get ye, or the man.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">HERRICK.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Great Venus, queen of beauty and of grace.</p> +<p>The joy of gods and men, that under sky</p> +<p>Dost fairest shine, and most adorn thy place,</p> +<p>That with thy smiling look dost pacify</p> +<p>The raging seas, and mak'st the storms to fly:</p> +<p>Thee, goddess, thee the winds, the clouds do fear,</p> +<p>And when thou spreadst thy mantle forth on high,</p> +<p>The waters play, and pleasant lands appear,</p> +<p>And heaven laughs, and all the world shows joyous chear.</p> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>—All the world by thee at first was made,</p> +<p>And daily yet thou dost the same repair,</p> +<p>Ne ought on earth that merry is and glad,</p> +<p>Ne ought on earth that lovely is and fair,</p> +<p>But thou the same for pleasure didst prepare.</p> +<p>Thou art the root of all that joyous is,</p> +<p>Great God of men and women, queen of th' air,</p> +<p>Mother of laughter, and well-spring of bliss,</p> +<p>O graunt that of my love at last I may not miss.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em"><i>Fairy +Queen</i>.—SPENSER.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">As men tormented with a burning fever,</p> +<p>Dream that with drink they 'suage their grievous thirst,</p> +<p class="i2">But when they wake they find their thirst +persever,</p> +<p>And to be greater than it was at first;</p> +<p class="i2">So she whose thoughts from love sleep could not +sever,</p> +<p>Dreamt of that thing for which she 'wake did thirst;</p> +<p class="i2">But waking, felt and found it as before,</p> +<p>Her hope still less, and her desire still more.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">SIR J. HARRINGTON.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>—— Love is only root and crop of care,</p> +<p>The body's foe, the heart's annoy and cause of pleasures +rare</p> +<p>The sickness of the mind and fountain of unrest,</p> +<p>The gulf of guile, the pit of pain, of grief the hollow +chest;</p> +<p>A fiery frost, a flame that frozen is with ice,</p> +<p>A heavy burden light to bear, a virtue fraught with vice;</p> +<p>It is a worldlike peace, a safety seeing dread,</p> +<p>A deep despair annexed to hope, a fancy that is fed,</p> +<p>Sweet poison for his taste, a port Charybdis like,</p> +<p>A Scylla for his safety, though a lion that is meek.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">TURBERVILLE.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<h4>KISSING.</h4> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">O kiss! which dost those ruddy gems impart,</p> +<p>Or gems, or fruits, of new found Paradise;</p> +<p class="i2">Breathing all bliss and sweet'ning to the heart;</p> +<p>Teaching dumb lips a nobler exercise.</p> +<p class="i2">O kiss! which souls, ev'n souls, together ties</p> +<p>By links of love, and only nature's art;</p> +<p class="i2">How fain would I paint thee to all men's eyes.</p> +<p>Or of thy gifts, at least, shade out some part.</p> +<p>But she forbids, with blushing words, she says,</p> +<p class="i2">She builds her fame on higher-seated praise;</p> +<p>But my heart burns, I cannot silent be.</p> +<p class="i2">Then since (dear life,) you fain would have me +peace,</p> +<p>And I mad with delight want wit to cease,</p> +<p class="i2">Stop you my mouth, with still, still kissing me.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">SIR P. SIDNEY.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<h4>HEALTH.</h4> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>The common ingredients of health and long life are</p> +<p>Great temp'rance, open air,</p> +<p>Easy labour, little care.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><span style="margin-left:3em">IBID.</span></p> +</div> +</div> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3>ARRIVAL AT MARGATE.</h3> +<h4><i>From "The Monthly Club" of Sharpe's London +Magazine</i>.</h4> +<p>The buildings of Margate now became evident, and every minute +developed some new feature in the landscape; all the party +abandoned their sitting to enjoy the view. The curved pier painted +pea green and covered with Cockneys, now was disclosed to our eyes, +and my old friend from Leicester was again staggered into a +profound silence, by being told that a row of houses with a +windmill at the end of it, was <i>Buenos Ayres</i>. I saw his +amazement, but he did not betray his ignorance in speech as the +French actress did, who was in London some years since, and when +dining on the Adelphi Terrace was shown Waterloo Bridge. After +gazing at it, with a degree of pathos, partly national and partly +theatrical, she heaved a sigh for the brave fellows who had +perished in the neighbourhood, and feelingly inquired whereabouts +the farm of <i>Haye Saint</i> was—this is literally a fact +and is vouched for—nor is the absence of geographical +knowledge in the natives of France, confined to the lady—she +is by no means a solitary instance of the most glorious ignorance +of localities.—The Turks too, talk of Ireland as a disorderly +part of London; and an American, during the last winter, lecturing +in Germany, referring to the great improvements which have recently +taken place in England, enumerated, amongst other stupendous works +of art, the Menai Bridge, which he informed his hearers united +IRELAND with WALES.</p> +<p>As we approached the harbour we seemed to fly—the jetty +and pier became more and more crowded—it was evident we had +created "an interest;" the hurry and bustle on board appeared to +increase as we neared the shore, and the sudden tranquillization of +the hubbub by the magical words, "stop her," of the master +evidently excited a mingled feeling of wonder and satisfaction in +the breast of our Leicestershire companion, whose countenance had +previously indicated a strong suspicion that it was the captain's +intention to try the relative strength of our vessel's bow and the +nob end of Mr. Jarvis's jetty.</p> +<p>I never shall forget his delight as we tranquilly glided to the +side of the landing-place, nor his violent indignation when +stepping out of the boat in a pair <span class="pagenum"><a id= +"page142" name="page142"></a>[pg 142]</span> of jockey boots, and +selecting, what appeared to his ruralized vision, a <i>verdant</i> +spot; his feet slid from under him, and he got a fall unmodified in +its disagreeable results by the excitement of the sport so +prevalent in his native country.</p> +<p>"Who built this fine stone affair?" said R——, +pointing to the pea-green promenade on our right.</p> +<p>"The people of Margate," said some one.</p> +<p>"I thought nobody in England but the king could make a +<i>pier</i>," said R——.</p> +<p>"Come, come," cried B——, "let us be grave for a +minute or two; we look more like a parcel of boys landing than a +grave and learned body."</p> +<p>"Youth is the time for punning," said R——.</p> +<p>"It is no great crime when one is older," said +B——.</p> +<p>"That I deny," answered our wag; "it may be good in +<i>youth</i>, but it is <i>bad in age.</i>"</p> +<p>The groan which followed this last pun of the voyage reechoed +along the shore, and it was not until we reached Howe's hotel, a +sort of Bath York House stuck in the middle of Golden Square, +London, that the tumult died away.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>THE UNICORN.</h3> +<p>In the physical world, some of our secrets are disappearing; and +though Captain Parry failed to find out the pole, and we believe, +with that worthy navigator, that the world have been dreaming from +the beginning, and that there is no pole; and though Captain Ross +will go further and fare worse, yet things are turning up now and +then that our most benevolent scepticism cannot resist. But among +other plunders of the imagination, they are going to rob us of the +unicorn. For two thousand years and upwards, a short date in the +history of human quarrel about nothings, the sages of this world +have been doubting and deciding on the existence of this showy +creature. Pliny would have sworn to his having all but seen it, and +he would have sworn that too, if any one had taken the trouble to +ask him. Kircher, and a few of the German naturalists, and +black-letter fools—every naturalist and black-letter man +being more or less a fool—dug up the question out of the pit +of Teutonic dulness, and ever since, every traveller beyond the +Needles, has had his theory, which was quite as good as his fact, +and his fact, which was quite as good as his theory.</p> +<p>The topic perished in Germany, being stifled under professor +Bopp and Sanscrit, Professor Semler and Scepticism, Professor Jahn +and Jacobinism, and the whole vast feather-bed suffocation of +Professor Kotzebue and Comedy. But in England it was endeared to us +by associations "deep in every truly British heart," as the +chairmen of our tavern parties say over their third bottle. We had +seen it for ages gallantly climbing the slippery heights of the +kingly crown on show boards, carriages, transparencies, theatres, +and the new, matchless, hydropyric, or fiery and watery fairy +palace of Vauxhall. It met us in every material, from the gilt +<i>confitures</i> of Bartholomew fair, to the gold plateau of the +"table laid for sixty," at St. James's. All the dilettanti were +immersed in the great national question of its shape and features. +Mr. Barrow, in a journey of exploration, which extended to three +miles beyond the Cape, believed that he saw it, but strongly +doubted its existence. M. Vaillant never saw it, nor believed that +any one ever did, but was as sure of its existence as if it had +slept in his bosom, and been unto him as a daughter. Mr. Russel had +one, which he milked twice a day, and drove in a curricle to visit +the Queen of Madagascar. Doctor Lyall is writing a quarto from +Madagascar, to deny the statement in toto; admitting, however, that +there is a rumour of the being of some nondescript of the kind in +the mountains, somewhat between the size of the elephant and the +Shetland pony; but that he and we think the subject-matter will +turn out asinine. But now a Mr. Ruppell, after a long sojourn in +the north-east of Africa, comes at once to cheer and dishearten us +by the discovery, that in Kordofan, if any one knows where that is, +the unicorn exists; stated to be of the size of a small horse, of +the slender make of the gazelle, and furnished with a long, +straight, slender horn in the male, which was wanting in the +female. According to the statements made by various persons, it +inhabits the deserts to the south of Kordofan, is uncommonly fleet, +and comes only occasionally to the Koldagi Heive mountains on the +borders of Kordofan. This, it must be acknowledged, is a sad +falling off from the rival of the lion, that we have honoured so +long in the arms of England. But we sincerely hope, that by the +next arrival, it will not degenerate into a cow, or worse, a goat. +But he tells us, that to our knowledge of the giraffe he has added +considerably. He obtained in Nubia and Kordofan five specimens, two +of which were males <span class="pagenum"><a id="page143" name= +"page143"></a>[pg 143]</span> and three females. He regards the +horns as constituting the principal generic character, they being +formed by distinct bones, united to the frontal and parietal bones +by a very obvious suture, and having throughout the same structure +with the other bones. In both sexes one of these abnormal bones is +situated on each branch of the coronal suture, and the male +possesses an additional one placed more anteriorly, and occupying +the middle of the frontal suture. The anomalous position of this +appendage furnishes a complete refutation of the theory of Camper +with regard to the unicorn, that such an occurrence was contrary to +nature, and proves at least the possibility of the existence of +such an animal. Professor Camper is an ass, of course; but when are +we to expect any thing better from the illustrissimi of the land of +sour-krout? Give a Doctor Magnificus his due allowance of the worst +tobacco, and the worst beer in the world, with a ream of half-brown +paper, and a Leipsic catalogue to plunder, and he will in three +months write any subject dead—smother the plainest truth with +an accumulation of absurdity, astonishing, as the work of a +creature with but two hands—and prove that the earth is but a +huge oyster, in which Germany is the pearl; or that man is only a +reclaimed baboon, of which all the wit is centered in Weimar.</p> +<p><i>Monthly Magazine</i>.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>THE GATHERER.</h2> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i10">"A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles."</p> +<p class="i14">SHAKSPEARE.</p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<h3>A PUNSTER.</h3> +<p>Dr. Barton was a punster. He said, "the fellows of my college +wished to have an organ in the chapel, but I put a stop to it;" +whether for the sake of the pun, or because he disliked music, is +uncertain. He invited, for the love of punning, Mr. Crowe and Mr. +Rooke to dine with him; and having given Mr. Birdmore, another +guest, a hint to be rather after the time, on his appearing, said, +"Mr. Rook! Mr. Crowe! I beg leave to introduce one <i>Bird +more</i>." He married his niece to a gentleman of the hopeful name +of <i>Buckle</i>. The enterprise succeeded beyond his expectation. +Mrs. Buckle was delivered of twins. "A pair of Buckles!" "Boys or +girls?" said a congratulating friend; the answer may be supposed. +To him, though it has been attributed to others, belongs the glory +or the shame of having said to one, who having re-established his +health by a diet of milk and eggs, took a wife:—"So, you have +been <i>egged</i> on to matrimony: I hope the <i>yoke</i> will sit +easy on you."</p> +<hr /> +<h3>PLAY BILL.</h3> +<h4><i>(Translated from the Spanish.)</i></h4> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2">To the sovereign of heaven,</p> +<p>To the mother of the eternal world,</p> +<p class="i2">To the Polar Star of Spain,</p> +<p>To the faithful protectress of the Spanish nation,</p> +<p>To the honour and glory of the most Holy Virgin Mary,</p> +<p>For her benefit, and for the propagation of her worship,</p> +<p class="i2">The company of comedians will this day give a +representation of</p> +<p class="i4">the comic piece called Manine.</p> +<p>The celebrated Italian will also dance the Fandango,</p> +<p class="i2">and the theatre will be superbly illuminated.</p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<p>"<i>Write your name at full length</i> the <i>first</i> time you +order any thing which you ought to pay for, that the person so +employed or ordered may have no difficulty of applying (legally) if +necessary for payment."—<i>The advice of one who from a +common soldier died in opulence honestly gained by trade</i>.</p> +<hr /> +<p>A French philosopher placed a statue in his hall, under which +was the follow-distich:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Whoever you be, Sir, pray take off your castor;</p> +<p>For this is, or has been, or will be your master."</p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<h3>PARIS.</h3> +<p>The following Notes convey some idea of the extent and resources +of the French capital:—</p> +<p>By the last census, 1827, the <i>population</i> of Paris was +890,000.</p> +<p><i>Bread</i>.—In Paris, 830,000 persons consume +227,760,000 pounds in a year.</p> +<p><i>Printing</i>.—There are in Paris 80 printing +establishments; 600 presses going; and 3,000 journeymen printers in +constant employ.</p> +<p><i>Deaths</i>.—The <i>annual mortality</i> is 21,033; +average of <i>suicides</i> 200, of whom the greater number are +single persons; and on an average, a death occurs every twenty +minutes. Upwards of 1,100 children die annually from small-pox.</p> +<p><i>Lamps</i>.—The city is lit with 4,533 oil lamps, with +12,672 wicks.</p> +<p><i>The River</i>.—The river Seine where it enters Paris is +510 feet broad; at the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page144" name= +"page144"></a>[pg 144]</span> Pont Neuf 864 feet, and where it +leaves the city 400 feet broad.</p> +<p><i>Hospitals</i>.—The income of the hospitals is 9,762,154 +francs, or about £406,756.; the average cost to government +for a day in the hospital, is about 11-1/2<i>d</i>. The maniacs +from two prisons average 3,000 a year; and the majority of mad +persons are unmarried.</p> +<p><i>Lottery</i>.—The average annual receipts of the lottery +is about a million sterling—of which the treasury receive +about £180,000. the remainder being the adventurers'.</p> +<p><i>Marriages</i>.—The average of marriages is 6,316, or 1 +marriage in every 108 persons. Marriages are most frequent in +February, and least in December. There is rather more than an +average of three children to each marriage.</p> +<p><i>Births</i>.—The births average 27,000, or 1 birth for +every 12 minutes; of the number, 8,760 are illegitimate.</p> +<p><i>Gaming Houses</i>.—The annual receipt is +£360,000.; the whole expenses £60,000. Those who lease +them clear in 6 years about £83,000.</p> +<p><i>Wine Tax</i>.—The annual revenue is a million +sterling.</p> +<p><i>Theatres</i>.—There are 10,000 persons daily at the +theatres, Of these, it is estimated, 6,816 pay for admission. The +annual average receipts of all the theatres is £209,298.</p> +<p><i>Tombs</i>.—The price for a tomb in <i>Pere la +Chaise</i>, is about £4. without the right to the grave; some +have cost £1,400. Those erected to women are fewer by half +than those for men.</p> +<p><i>Travellers</i>.—The average since the peace of 1814, is +17,676 English residents or travellers in Paris.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MOTTO AND TRANSLATION.</h3> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Presto et Presto</i>.</p> +<p>Double quick time.</p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<h3>DIALOGUE BETWEEN GLUTTON AND ECHO.</h3> +<p>The following lines, written in the year 1609, are said to have +induced Butler to pursue the same idea in his <i>Hudibras</i>;</p> +<p><i>Dialogue</i>.</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—My belly I do deify.</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—Fie.</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—Who curbs his appetite's a fool.</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—Ah! fool!</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—I do not like this abstinence.</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—Hence!</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—My joy's a feast, my wish is wine.</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—Swine.</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—We epicures are happy truly.</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—You lie.</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—May I not, Echo, eat my fill.</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—Ill.</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—Will it hurt me if I drink too much?</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—Much.</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—Thou mock'st me nymph, I'll not believe +it.</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—Believe it.</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—Dost thou condemn then what I do?</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—I do.</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—Is it that which brings infirmities?</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—It is!</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—Then sweetest temperance I'll love +thee.</p> +<p><i>Echo</i>. I love thee..</p> +<p><i>Glutton</i>.—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza">If all be true which thou<br /> +dost tell,<br /> +To gluttony I bid farewell.</div> +</div> +<p><i>Echo</i>.—Farewell.</p> +<p>W.A.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>EPITAPH ON A GAMESTER.</h3> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Here lies a gamester, poor but willing,</p> +<p>Who left the room without a shilling.</p> +<p>Losing each stake, till he had thrown</p> +<p class="i2">His last, and lost the game to Death;</p> +<p>If Paradise his soul has won,</p> +<p class="i2">'Twas a rare stroke of luck i'faith!</p> +</div> +</div> +<hr /> +<p>Suicide is very common among the New Zealanders: thus, a woman +who has been beaten by her husband will perhaps hang herself +immediately.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE</h3> +<h4><i>Following Novels is already Published</i>:</h4> +<pre> + s. d. + Mackenzie's Man of Feeling 0 6 + Paul and Virginia 0 6 + The Castle of Otranto 0 6 + Almoran and Hamet 0 6 + Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia 0 6 + The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne 0 6 + Rasselas 0 8 + The Old English Baron 0 8 + Nature and Art 0 8 + Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield 0 10 + Sicilian Romance 1 0 + The Man of the World 1 0 + A Simple Story 1 4 + Joseph Andrews 1 6 + Humphry Clinker 1 8 + The Romance of the Forest 1 8 + The Italian 2 0 + Zeluco, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Edward, by Dr Moore 2 6 + Roderick Random 2 6 + The Mysteries of Udolpho 3 6 + Peregrine Pickle 4 6 +</pre> +<hr class="full" /> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name= +"footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1</b>: <a href= +"#footnotetag1">(return)</a> See "Sailing round Constantinople," +MIRROR, vol. x. p. 278. Engraving and Description of the Castle of +the Seven Towers, ibid, vol. x. p. 361. Extent of Constantinople, +vol. xi. p. 298. Lines on Constantinople, vol. xii. p. 58. Taking +of the City by the Turks, vol. xii. p. 274.</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2" name= +"footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2</b>: <a href= +"#footnotetag2">(return)</a> For an Engraving and full description +of the Mosque of Santa Sophia, see the MIRROR, vol. ii. p.p. 473, +486.</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote3" name= +"footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3</b>: <a href= +"#footnotetag3">(return)</a> Mr. Hobhouse has pointed out some +remarkable points of similarity between the funereal customs of the +Greeks and those of the Irish; in particular, the howling lament, +the interrogating the corpse, "Why did you die?" and the wake and +feast. "But a more singular resemblance," he adds, "is that which +is to be remarked between a Mahommedan and an Irish opinion +relative to the same ceremony. When a dead Mussulman is carried on +his plank towards the cemetery, the devout Turk runs from his house +as the procession passes his door, for a short distance relieves +one of the bearers of the body, and then gives up his place to +another, who hastens to perform the same charitable and holy +office. No one who has been in Ireland, but must have seen the +peasants leave their cottages or their work, to give a temporary +assistance to those employed in bearing the dead to the grave an +exertion by which they approach so many steps nearer to +Paradise."</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote4" name= +"footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4</b>: <a href= +"#footnotetag4">(return)</a> "Sultan Mahmoud's horse was actually +interred in the cemetery of Scutari, under a dome supported by +eight pillars."</blockquote> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote5" name= +"footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5</b>: <a href= +"#footnotetag5">(return)</a> Since my return, I learn from the +captive Red Indian woman <i>Shawnawdithit</i>, that the vapour-bath +is chiefly used by old people, and for rheumatic affections. +<i>Shawnawdithit</i> is the survivor of three Red Indian females, +who were taken by, or rather who gave themselves up, exhausted with +hunger, to some English furriers, about five years ago, in Notre +Dame Bay. She is the only one of that tribe in the hands of the +English, and the only one that has ever lived so long among +them.</blockquote> +<hr class="full" /> +<p><i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD 143, Strand, (near +Somerset House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, +Leipsic; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers</i>.</p> +<hr class="full" /> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 387 *** + +***** This file should be named 11518-h.htm or 11518-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/1/5/1/11518/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Allen Siddle, David King, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction + Vol. 14, Issue 387, August 28, 1829 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 8, 2004 [EBook #11518] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 387 *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Allen Siddle, David King, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team + + + + + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION + +VOL. XIV. NO. 387.] SATURDAY, AUGUST 29, 1829. [PRICE 2_d_. + + + +CONSTANTINOPLE. + + +[Illustration: CONSTANTINOPLE] + + "Queen of the Morn! Sultana of the East!" + +The splendour and extent of Constantinople are not within the compass of +one of our pages; but the annexed Engraving furnishes some idea of a +section of this queen of cities. It extends from Seraglio Point to the +Janissaries' Tower, and though commanding only a portion of the city, +includes the domes of the magnificent mosques of Santa Sophia and the +Sultan Achmet, which rise from a vast assemblage of towers, palaces, +minarets, &c. in every style of architecture. + +We have so often and so recently touched upon the ancient and modern state +of Constantinople, that we fear a recapitulation of its splendour would be +uninviting to our readers.[1] Nevertheless, as its mention is so +frequently coupled with the seat of war, and the "expulsion of the Turks +from Europe," our illustration will at this period be interesting, as well +as in some measure, explanatory of the position of the city, which is so +advantageous as to make it appear fit for the seat of dominion over the +whole world. Can we then be surprised at its forming so tempting a lure to +surrounding nations? + +The city stands at the eastern extremity of Romania, on a neck of land +that advances towards Natolia; on the south it is washed by the sea of +Marmora, and on the north-east by the gulf of the Golden Horn. It is built, +like ancient Rome, on seven hills, rising one above the other in beautiful +succession, and sloping gently towards the water; the whole forming an +irregular triangle, about twelve miles in circumference, the entire of +which space is closely covered with palaces, mosques, baths, fountains, +and houses; at a short distance the proudly swelling domes of 300 mosques, +the tall and elegant minarets, crowned by glittering crescents, the +ancient towers on the walls, and the gaudily coloured kiosks and houses +rising above the stupendous trees in the seraglio, situated on the extreme +point, form a rich, picturesque, and extraordinary scene. The gulf of the +Golden Horn, to the north-east of the city, forms a noble and capacious +harbour, four miles in length, by half a mile in breadth, capable of +securely containing 1,200 ships of the largest size, and is generally +filled with the curiously built vessels and gaily decorated boats of the +Turks; on the opposite shore is the maritime town of Galata, containing +the docks, arsenals, cannon founderies, barracks, &c.; above which stands +the populous suburb of Pera, the residence of the foreign ministers of the +Porte, and all foreigners of distinction, none whatever being allowed to +reside in the city. Beyond, as far as the eye can reach, is an immense +forest of cypress and mulberry trees, being the extensive cemeteries of +all persuasions. From Galata, the European shore of the Bosphorus forms +one continued line of towns; palaces in every style of architecture, +pleasure gardens, and romantic villages. On the opposite, or Asiatic shore, +stands the extensive town of Scutari, also a suburb of Constantinople, +although in another quarter of the globe, and separated by a sea a mile in +breadth; and at a short distance is the ancient and ruinous city of +Calcedone. The group of the Prince's Islands, in the Sea of Marmora, and +the snow-clad summit of Mount Olympus, close the prospect. Such is a mere +outline of the natural and artificial beauty of Constantinople. + +The city itself is surrounded by walls, built of freestone, with alternate +layers of Roman brick, flanked by 478 towers; the walls, however, are in +several places so dilapidated as to be incapable of any defence without +great reparation. On the land side, the fortifications consist of a triple +wall, with towers at every 150 yards; the first wall being 30 feet in +height; the second 20, and about 30 feet from the first; the third is +twelve feet in height; beyond this is a fosse, thirty feet wide, now +converted into gardens, and filled with fine grown trees, and a low +counterscarp. There are five gates on this side, and several to the water. +The streets, of which there are 3,770, with the exception of two or three, +are narrow, irregular, badly paved, and exceedingly dirty, the only +scavengers being vultures and half-starved dogs. There are fourteen +imperial mosques, about 200 others, and above that number of messjids or +chapels. The number of houses is prodigious; in 1796, the register of +Effendissy gave 88,185 within the walls; they are mostly constructed of +wood, and the dwellings of the lower classes are mere wooden boxes, cool +in summer, the windows being unglazed, and in winter heated by pans of +charcoal. Fires are consequently very frequent. The khans, or warehouses +of the merchants are, however, fireproof; the bazaars are also defended +from fire, and are well built; and coffeehouses very numerous. The city is +amply supplied with water, there being 730 public baths, a superb fountain +in the Chinese taste in every street, and few houses without similar +provision. The population of the city and suburbs is estimated at upwards +of 600,000; of these above one half are Turks, the remainder Jews, Franks, +Greeks, &c. + +We have only space to particularize a few of the most prominent buildings +in our view. To the left is the Seraglio Point, or superb palace of the +Sultan, whose treasures almost realize the fables of romance. Next is the +superb dome of the Mosque of the Sultan Achmet, without exception the +finest building ever raised by the Turks. It is surrounded by a lofty +colonnade of marble, of various colours, surmounted by 30 small domes: the +large dome is supported by four gigantic piers, covered as well as most of +the interior, with fresco paintings; it is rich in columns of verd antique, +Egyptian granite, and white marble; there are also four smaller domes, +similarly ornamented. Next, near the centre of the Engraving is the Mosque +of Santa Sophia, a truly superb and perfect monument of antiquity, built +at an expense of 320,000 pounds of silver, (some authors say gold.[2]) +Next in importance are the Mosques of the Sultans Osmyn, Bajazet, and +Selim; and the Gulf of the Golden Horn, or the Harbour. + +Among the suburbs of Constantinople, Scutari is not the least interesting, +inasmuch as it leads us to notice the funereal customs of the Turks, and +their cemeteries, of which Scutari is the principal site. + +Interment almost immediately follows upon the decease of the person; a +practice common to all classes at Constantinople. The corpse is carried to +the grave on a bier by the friends of the deceased: this is considered as +a religious duty, it being declared in the Koran, that he who carries a +dead body the space of forty paces, procures for himself the expiation of +a great sin.[3] The graves are shallow, and thin boards only, laid over +the corpse, protect it from the immediate pressure of the earth, which is +set with flowers, according to the custom of the Pythagoreans, and a +cypress tree is planted near every new grave. As a grave is never opened a +second time, a vast tract of country is occupied with these burial-fields, +which add by no means to the salubrity of the vicinity. Much is gained, +unquestionably, as regards the health of the inhabitants, by burying +without the cities; but the shallowness of the graves contributes to +render these vast accumulations of animal dust, at certain seasons more +especially, a source of pestilential miasmata. The cemeteries near Scutari +are immense, owing to the predilection which the Turks of Europe preserve +for being buried in Asia--that quarter of the world in which are situated +the holy cities, Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem, and Damascus. The author of +Anastasius gives the following vivid description of this extraordinary +spot:-- + +"A dense and motionless cloud of stagnant vapours ever shrouds these +dreary realms. From afar, a chilling sensation informs the traveller that +he approaches their dark and dismal precincts; and as he enters them, an +icy blast, rising from their inmost bosom, rushes forth to meet his breath, +suddenly strikes his chest, and seems to oppose his progress. His very +horse snuffs up the deadly effluvia with signs of manifest terror, and, +exhaling a cold and clammy sweat, advances reluctantly over a hollow +ground, which shakes as he treads it, and loudly re-echoes his slow and +fearful step. So long and so busily has time been at work to fill this +chosen spot--so repeatedly has Constantinople poured into this ultimate +receptacle almost its whole contents--that the capital of the living, +spite of its immense population, scarcely counts a single breathing +inhabitant for every ten silent inmates of this city of the dead. Already +do its fields of blooming sepulchres stretch far away on every side, +across the brow of the hills and the bend of the valleys; already are the +avenues which cross each other at every step in this domain of death, so +lengthened, that the weary stranger, from whatever point he comes, still +finds before him many a dreary mile of road between marshalled tombs and +mournful cypresses, ere he reaches his journey's seemingly receding end; +and yet, every year does this common patrimony of all the heirs to decay, +still exhibit a rapidly increasing size, a fresh and wider line of +boundary, and a new belt of young plantations, growing up between new +flower beds of graves. + +"There, said I to myself, lie, scarcely one foot beneath the surface of a +swelling soil, ready to burst at every point with its festering contents, +more than half the generations whom death has continued to mow down for +nearly four centuries in the vast capital of Islamism. There lie, side by +side, on the same level, in cells the size of their bodies, and only +distinguished by a marble turban somewhat longer or deeper--somewhat +rounder or squarer--personages, in life, far as heaven and earth asunder, +in birth, in station, in gifts of nature, and in long laboured +acquirements. There lie, sunk alike in their last sleep--alike food for +the worm that lives on death--the conqueror who filled the universe with +his name, and the peasant scarcely known in his own hamlet; Sultan Mahmoud, +and Sultan Mahmoud's perhaps more deserving horse;[4] elders bending under +the weight of years, and infants of a single hour; men with intellects of +angels, and men with understandings inferior to those of brutes; the +beauty of Georgia and the black of Sennaar; visiers, beggars, heroes, and +women.'" + + +The approach to Constantinople from the sea of Marmora is likewise thus +beautifully described by the same author, and will form an appropriate +conclusion: + +"With eyes rivetted on the expanding splendour, I watched as they came out +of the bosom of the surrounding waters, the pointed minarets, the swelling +cupolas, and the innumerable habitations, either stretching along the +jagged shore, and reflecting their shape in the mirror of the deep, or +creeping up the crested mountain, and tracing their outline on the expanse +of the sky. At first agglomerated in a single confused mass, the lesser +part of this immense whole seemed, as we advanced, by degrees to unfold, to +disengage themselves from each other, and to grow into various groups, +divided by wide chasms and deep indentures; until at last the clusters, +thus far still distantly connected, became transformed, as if by magic, +into three distinct cities, each individually of prodigious extent, and +each separated from the other two by a wide arm of that sea whose silver +tide encompassed their base, and made its vast circuit rest half on Europe, +and half on Asia." + +Since writing the above we have visited Mr. Burford's _New Panorama of +Constantinople_, which has lately been opened for exhibition in the +Strand; and although we cannot in this Number enter into the detail of its +merits, we recommend it to our lionizing friends as one of Mr. Burford's +most finished paintings, and equal if not superior in effect to any +exhibition in the metropolis; but we reserve an account of its pictorial +beauties for our next publication. + + +[1] See "Sailing round Constantinople," MIRROR, vol. x. p. 278. Engraving + and Description of the Castle of the Seven Towers, ibid, vol. x. + p. 361. Extent of Constantinople, vol. xi. p. 298. Lines on + Constantinople, vol. xii. p. 58. Taking of the City by the Turks, vol. + xii. p. 274. + +[2] For an Engraving and full description of the Mosque of Santa Sophia, + see the MIRROR, vol. ii. p.p. 473, 486. + +[3] Mr. Hobhouse has pointed out some remarkable points of similarity + between the funereal customs of the Greeks and those of the Irish; in + particular, the howling lament, the interrogating the corpse, "Why did + you die?" and the wake and feast. "But a more singular resemblance," + he adds, "is that which is to be remarked between a Mahommedan and an + Irish opinion relative to the same ceremony. When a dead Mussulman is + carried on his plank towards the cemetery, the devout Turk runs from + his house as the procession passes his door, for a short distance + relieves one of the bearers of the body, and then gives up his place + to another, who hastens to perform the same charitable and holy office. + No one who has been in Ireland, but must have seen the peasants leave + their cottages or their work, to give a temporary assistance to those + employed in bearing the dead to the grave an exertion by which they + approach so many steps nearer to Paradise." + +[4] "Sultan Mahmoud's horse was actually interred in the cemetery of + Scutari, under a dome supported by eight pillars." + + * * * * * + + +TWO SONNETS. + +_To M---- F----_. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +I. + + I met thee, ----, when the leaves were green, + And living verdure clothed the countless trees; + When meadow flowers allured the summer bees, + And silvery skies shone o'er the cloudless scene, + Bright as my thoughts when wand'ring to thy home; + Where Nature looks _as though she were divine_, + Not in the richness of the rip'ning vine, + Not in the splendour of imperial Rome. + It is a ruder scene of rocks and trees, + Where even barrenness is beauty--where + The glassy lake, below the mountain bare, + Curls up its waters 'neath the casual breeze; + And, 'midst the plenitude of flower and bud, + Sweet violets hide them in the hilly wood. + +II. + + I parted with thee one autumnal day, + When o'er the woods the northern tempest beat-- + The spoils of autumn rustling at our feet, + And Nature wept to see her own decay. + The pliant poplar bent beneath the blast; + The moveless oak stood warring with the storm, + Which bow'd the pensive willow's weaker form; + And naught gave token that thy love would last, + Save the mute eloquence of forcing tears; + Save the low pleading of thy ardent sighs, + The fervent gazing of thy glowing eyes; + A firm assurance, spite of all my fears, + That, as the sunshine dries the summer rain, + Thy _future_ smile should bless for parting pain. + +* * H. + + * * * * * + + +ILLUSTRATION OF SOME OLD PROVERBS, &c. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +_"Ax." To ask_. This word which now passes for a mere vulgarism, is the +original Saxon form, and used by Chaucer and others. See "Tyrwhitt's +Glossary." We find it also in Bishop Bale's "God's Promises." "That their +synne vengeaunce _axed_ continually." Old Plays. i. 18. Also in the "Four +P.'s," by Heywood, "And _axed_ them thys question than." Old Pl. i. 84. An +_axing_ is used by Chaucer for a request. Ben Jonson introduces it +jocularly: + + "A man out of wax, + As a lady would ax." + + _Masques_, vol. 6, p. 85. + +"_Between the Cup and the Lip_." The proverb that many things fall out +between the cup and the lip, is a literal version of one in Latin. _Multo +inter pocula ac libra cadunt_. The origin of which was as follows:--A king +of Thrace had planted a vineyard, when one of his slaves, whom he had much +oppressed in that very work, prophesied that he should never taste of the +wine produced in it. The monarch disregarded the prediction, and when at +an entertainment he held a glassful of his own wine made from the grape of +that vineyard, he sent for the slave, and asked him what he thought of his +prophecy now; to which the other replied, "Many things fall out between +the cup and the lip," and he had scarcely delivered this singular response, +before news was brought that a monstrous boar was laying waste the +favourite vineyard. The king, in a rage, put down the cup which he held in +his hand, and hurried out with his people to attack the boar; but being +too eager, the boar rushed upon him and killed him, without having tasted +of the wine. Such is the story related by some of the Greek writers, and +though evidently apocryphal, it certainly is productive of a good +practical moral. + +"_In the merry pin_." This is said of those who have drunk freely and are +cheerful in their cups. Among the ancient northern nations, it was +customary to drink out of large horns, in which were placed small pins, +like a scale of distances, and he who quaffed most was considered as a +toper of the first magnitude, and respected accordingly. The merry pin was +that which stood pretty far from the mouth of the horn, and he who, at a +draught, reduced the liquor to that point, was a man of no ordinary +prowess in bacchanalian contest. + +"_Under the Rose be it spoken_." The rose being dedicated by Cupid to +Harpocrates, the god of Silence, to engage him to conceal the amours of +Venus, was an emblem of Silence; whence to present it or hold it up to any +person in discourse, served instead of an admonition, that it was time for +him to hold his peace; and in entertaining rooms it was customary to place +a rose above the table, to signify that what was there spoken should be +kept private. This practice is described by the following epigram:-- + + Est rosa flos, Veneris cujus quo facta laterunt, + Harpocrati matri dona dicavit Amor, + Inde rosam mensis hospes suspendit amicis + Convivii et sub ea dicta tacenda sciat. + + _Potter's Ant. Greece_. + +"_Cant_." This word, which is now generally applied to fanatical preachers, +and hypocritical apprentices in religion, derives its name from two Scotch +Presbyterian ministers, in the reign of Charles II. They were father and +son, both called Andrew Cant; and Whitelocke in his "Memoirs," p. 511, +after narrating the defeat at Worcester, in 1651, says, "Divers Scotch +ministers were permitted to meet at Edinburgh, to keep a day of +humiliation, as they pretended, for their too much compliance with the +King," and in the same month when Lord Argyll had called a parliament, Mr. +Andrew Cant, a minister, said in his pulpit, that "God was bound to hold +this parliament, for that all other parliaments was called by man, but +this was brought about by his own hand." + +"_An't please the Pigs_." In this phrase there is not only a peculiarity +of dialect, but the corruption of a word, and a change of one thing for +another. In the first place, _an_, in the midland counties, is used for if; +and pigs is evidently a corruption of Pyx, the sacred vessel containing +the host in Roman Catholic countries. In the last place, the vessel is +substituted for the power itself, by an easy metonymy in the same manner +as when we talk of "the sense of the house," we do not mean to ascribe +intelligence to a material building; but to the persons in it assembled +for a deliberate purpose; the expression therefore signifies no more than +"_Deo volente_," or God willing. + +"_Bumper_." In many parts of England any thing large is called a bumper. +Hence a bumping lass is a large girl of her age, and a bumpkin is a +large-limbed, uncivilized rustic; the idea of grossness of size entering +into the idea of a country bumpkin, as well as that of unpolished rudeness. +Dr. Johnson, however, strangely enough deduces the word bumpkin from bump; +but what if it should prove to be a corruption of bumbard, or bombard: in +low Latin, bombardus, a great gun, and from thence applied to a large +flagon, or full glass. Thus the Lord Chamberlain says to the porters who +had been negligent in keeping out the mob. + + "You are lazy knaves: + And here ye lie, baiting of bombard, when + Ye should do service." + + _Shaks. Hen_. VIII. _Act_ 5, _Scene_ 3. + +"Baiting of bombard" is a term for sitting and drinking, which Nash in his +"Supplycacyon to the Deuyll," calls by the like metaphor, "bear baiting." +So Shakspeare again in the "Tempest," says, + + "Yond same black cloud, yond huge one, + Seems like foul bombard, that would shed his liquor." + + _Tempest, Act_ 2, _Scene_ 2. + +Which Theobald rightly explains thus: "A large vessel for holding drink, +as well as the piece of ordinance so called." + +"_Latter Lammas_." Lammas day is the first day of August, so called quasi, +Lamb-mass, on which day the tenants that hold lands of the Cathedral of +York, which is dedicated to St. Peter, ad Vincula, were bound by that +tenure to bring a living lamb into the church at high mass.--_Cornell's +Interpreter_. Lammas day was always a great day of account, for in the +payment of rents our ancestors distributed the year into four quarters, +ending at Candlemas, Whitsuntide, Lammas, and Martinmas, and this was as +common as the present divisions of Lady day, Midsummer, Michaelmas, and +Christmas. In regard to Lammas, in addition to its being one of the days +of reckoning, it appears from the Confessor's laws, that it was the +specific day whereon the Peter-pence, a tax very rigorously executed, and +the punctual payment of which was enforced under a severe penalty, was +paid. In this view then, Lammas stands as a day of account, and Latter +Lammas will consequently signify the day of doom, which in effect, as to +all payments of money, or worldly transactions in money, is never. Latter +here is used for last, or the comparative for the superlative, just as it +is in a like case in our version of the book of Job, "I know that my +redeemer liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the earth," +meaning of course the last day, or the end of the world. That the last day, +or Latter Lammas, as to all temporal affairs is never, may be illustrated +by the following story:--A man at confession owned his having stolen a sow +and pigs; the father confessor exhorted him to make restitution. The +penitent said some were sold, and some were killed, but the priest not +satisfied with this excuse, told him they would appear against him at the +day of judgment if he did not make restitution to the owner, upon which +the man replied, "Well, I'll return them to him then." + +"_Lydford Law_." In Devonshire and Cornwall this saying is common: + + "First hang and draw, + Then hear the cause by Lydford Law." + +Sometimes it is expressed in this manner; "Lydford Law, by which they hang +men first, and try them afterwards." Lydford was formerly a town of note, +but now an inconsiderable village on the borders of Dartmoor, not far from +Tavistock. It is famous for a ruined castle, under which is a dungeon that +used to be a prison for the confinement of persons who offended against +the Stannary Courts of Tavistock, Ashburton, Chapford, and Plimpton. These +Stannary Courts were erected by a charter of Edward III. for the purpose +of regulating the affairs of the tin mines in Devonshire, and of +determining causes among the tinners, whether criminal, or actions for +debt. The proceedings were very summary, and the prison horribly offensive. +Near Lydford is a famous waterfall, and a most romantic view down the +river Lyd; over which is a curious bridge built with one arch. The parish +is the largest in the kingdom, including the whole Forest of Dartmoor. +William Browne of Tavistock, and the author of _Britannia's Pastorals_, +gives a humorous description of Lydford in the reign of James I. + + * * * * * + + + +THE CONTEMPORARY TRAVELLER. + + +JOURNEY IN SEARCH OF THE RED INDIANS OF NEWFOUNDLAND. + + +In the island of Newfoundland, an institution has been formed for opening +a communication with, and promoting the civilization of, the Red Indians; +and procuring, if possible, an authentic history of that unhappy race of +people, in order that their language, customs, and pursuits, may be +contrasted with those of other tribes of Indians and nations. The interior +of the island is less known than any other British possessions abroad; +but, from the exertions of the above Society, more information has been +collected concerning the natives, than has been obtained during the two +centuries and a half in which Newfoundland has been in possession of +Europeans. The last journey was undertaken by W.E. Cormack, Esq., +president of the Society. His report has appeared in a recent Number of +the _Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal_, and will, we are persuaded, be +interesting to our readers: + +"My party," says Mr. Cormack, "consisted of three Indians, whom I procured +from among the other different tribes, viz. an intelligent and able man of +the Abenakie tribe, from Canada; an elderly Mountaineer from Labrador; and +an adventurous young Micmack, a native of this island, together with +myself. It was my intention to have commenced our search at White Bay, +which is nearer the northern extremity of the island than where we did, +and to have travelled southward. But the weather not permitting to carry +my party thither by water, after several days' delay, I unwillingly +changed my line of route. + +"On the 31st of October, 1828, last, we entered the country at the mouth +of the River Exploits, on the north side, at what is called the Northern +Arm. We took a north-westerly direction, to lead us to Hall's Bay, which +place we reached through an almost uninterrupted forest, over a hilly +country, in eight days. This tract comprehends the country interior from +New Bay, Badger Bay, Seal Bay, &c.; these being minor bays, included in +Green or Notre Dame Bay, at the north-east part of the island, and well +known to have been always heretofore the summer residence of the Red +Indians. + +"On the fourth day after our departure, at the east end of Badger +Bay-Great Lake, at a _portage_ known by the name of the Indian Path, we +found traces made by the Red Indians, evidently in the spring or summer of +the preceding year. Their party had had two canoes; and here was a +_canoe-rest_, on which the daubs of red ochre, and the roots of trees used +to fasten or tie it together appeared fresh. A canoe-rest, is simply a few +beams supported horizontally about five feet from the ground, by +perpendicular posts. A party with two canoes, when descending from the +interior to the sea-coast, through such a part of the country as this, +where there are troublesome portages, leave one canoe resting, bottom up, +on this kind of frame, to protect it from injury by the weather, until +their return. Among other things which lay strewed about here, were a +spearshaft, eight feet in length, recently made and ochred; parts of old +canoes, fragments of their skin-dresses, &c. For some distance around, the +trunks of many of the birch, and of that species of spruce pine called +here the Var (_Pinus balsamifera_) had been rinded; these people using the +inner part of the bark of that kind of tree for food. Some of the cuts in +the trees with the axe, were evidently made the preceding year. Besides +these, we were elated by other encouraging signs. The traces left by the +Red Indians are so peculiar, that we were confident those we saw here were +made by them. + +"This spot has been a favourite place of settlement with these people. It +is situated at the commencement of a _portage_, which forms a +communication by a path between the sea-coast at Badger Bay, about eight +miles to the north-east, and a chain of lakes extending westerly and +southerly from hence, and discharging themselves by a rivulet into the +River Exploits, about thirty miles from its mouth. A path also leads from +this place to the lakes, near New Bay, to the eastward. Here are the +remains of one of their villages, where the vestiges of eight or ten +winter _mamatecks_, or wigwams, each intended to contain from six to +eighteen or twenty people, are distinctly seen close together. Besides +these, there are the remains of a number of summer wigwams. Every winter +wigwam has close by it a small square-mouthed or oblong pit, dug into the +earth, about four feet deep, to preserve their stores, &c. in. Some of +these pits were lined with birch rind. We discovered also in this village +the remains of a vapour-bath. The method used by the Boeothicks to raise +the steam, was by pouring water on large stones made very hot for the +purpose, in the open air, by burning a quantity of wood around them; after +this process, the ashes were removed, and a hemispherical framework +closely covered with skins, to exclude the external air, was fixed over +the stones. The patient then crept in under the skins, taking with him a +birch-rind bucket of water, and a small bark-dish to dip it out, which, by +pouring on the stones, enabled him to raise the steam at pleasure.[5] + +"At Hall's Bay we got no useful information, from the three (and the only) +English families settled there. Indeed we could hardly have expected any; +for these, and such people, have been the unchecked and ruthless +destroyers of the tribe, the remnant of which we were in search of. After +sleeping one night in a _house_, we again struck into the country to the +westward. + +"In five days we were on the high lands south of White Bay, and in sight +of the high lands east of the Bay of Islands, on the west coast of +Newfoundland. The country south and west of us was low and flat, +consisting of marshes, extending in a southerly direction more than thirty +miles. In this direction lies the famous Red Indians' Lake. It was now +near the middle of November, and the winter had commenced pretty severely +in the interior. The country was every where covered with snow, and, for +some days past, we had walked over the small ponds on the ice. The summits +of the hills on which we stood had snow on them, in some places, many feet +deep. The deer were migrating from the rugged and dreary mountains in the +north, to the low mossy barren, and more woody parts in the south; and we +inferred, that if any of the Red Indians had been at White Bay during the +past summer, they might be at that time stationed about the borders of the +low tract of country before us, at the _deer-passes_, or were employed +somewhere else in the interior, killing deer for winter provision. At +these passes, which are particular places in the migration lines of path, +such as the extreme ends of, and straights in, many of the large lakes-- +the foot of valleys between high and rugged mountains--fords in the large +rivers, and the like---the Indians kill great numbers of deer with very +little trouble, during their migrations. We looked out for two days from +the summits of the hills adjacent, trying to discover the smoke from the +camps of the Red Indians; but in vain. These hills command a very +extensive view of the country in every direction. + +"We now determined to proceed towards the Red Indians' Lake, sanguine that, +at that known rendezvous, we could find the objects of our search. + +"In about ten days we got a glimpse of this beautifully majestic and +splendid sheet of water. The ravages of fire, which we saw in the woods +for the last two days, indicated that man had been near. We looked down on +the lake, from the hills at the northern extremity, with feelings of +anxiety and admiration:--No canoe could be discovered moving on its placid +surface, in the distance. We were the first Europeans who had seen it in +an unfrozen state, for the three former parties who had visited it before, +were here in the winter, when its waters were frozen and covered over with +snow. They had reached it from below, by way of the River Exploits, on the +ice. We approached the lake with hope and caution; but found to our +mortification that the Red Indians had deserted it for some years past. My +party had been so excited, so sanguine, and so determined to obtain an +interview of some kind with these people, that, on discovering from +appearances every where around us, that the Red Indians--the terror of the +Europeans as well as the other Indian inhabitants of Newfoundland--no +longer existed, the spirits of one and all of us were very deeply affected. +The old mountaineer was particularly overcome. There were every where +indications, that this had long been the central and undisturbed +rendezvous of the tribe, when they had enjoyed peace and security. But +these primitive people had abandoned it, after having been tormented by +parties of Europeans during the last eighteen years. Fatal rencounters had +on these occasions unfortunately taken place." + +(_To be concluded in our next_.) + + +[5] Since my return, I learn from the captive Red Indian woman + _Shawnawdithit_, that the vapour-bath is chiefly used by old people, + and for rheumatic affections. + + _Shawnawdithit_ is the survivor of three Red Indian females, who were + taken by, or rather who gave themselves up, exhausted with hunger, to + some English furriers, about five years ago, in Notre Dame Bay. She is + the only one of that tribe in the hands of the English, and the only + one that has ever lived so long among them. + + * * * * * + + + +THE SELECTOR, AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_. + + +AN HONOURABLE "INDEPENDENT" FAMILY. + + +The Honourable Mister Augustus Headerton, who lived once in yonder villa, +was the youngest of eleven children, and consequently the junior brother +of the noble Lord of Headerton, nephew of the Honourable Justice +Cleaveland, nephew of Admiral Barrymore, K.C.B., &c. &c. &c.; and cousin +first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, or seventh remove--to all the +honourables and dishonourables in the country. + +When the old earl died, he left four Chancery suits, and a nominal estate +to the heir apparent, to whom he also bequeathed his three younger +brothers and sisters, who had only small annuities from their mother's +fortune, being assured that (to use his own words), "he might _depend_ on +him for the honour of the family, to provide for them handsomely." And so +he did (in his own estimation); his lady sisters had "the run of the +house," and Mr. Augustus Headerton had the run of the stables, the use of +hunters and dogs, and was universally acknowledged to possess "a proper +spirit," because he spent three times more than his income. "He bates the +world and all, for beauty, in a hunting jacket," exclaimed the groom. "He +flies a gate beyant any living sowl I iver seed, and his tallyho, my +jewel--'twould do y'er heart good to hear his tallyho!" said my lord's +huntsman. "He's a generous jontleman as any in the kingdom--I'll say that +for him, any day in the year," echoed the coachman. "He's admired more nor +any jintleman as walks Steven's Green in a month o' Sundays, I'll go bail," +continued Miss Jenny Roe, the ladies' maid. + +"Choose a profession!" Oh! no; impossible. An Irish gentleman choose a +profession! But the Honourable Mr. Augustus Headerton chose a wife, and +threw all his relations, including Lord Headerton, the Honourable Justice +Cleaveland, Admiral Barrymore, K.C.B., and his cousins to the fiftieth +remove, into strong convulsions, or little fits. She, the lady, had sixty +thousand pounds; that, of course, they could not object to. She had eloped +with the Honourable Mr. Augustus Headerton;--mere youthful indiscretion. +She was little and ugly;--that only concerned her husband. She was proud +and extravagant;--those (they said) were lady-like failings. She was +ignorant and stupid;--her sisters-in-law would have pardoned that. She was +vulgar;--that was awkward. Her father was a carcass butcher in Cole's Lane +market--death and destruction! + +It could never be forgiven! the cut direct was unanimously agreed on, and +the little lady turned up her little nose in disdain, as her handsome +barouche rolled past the lumbering carriage of the Right Honourable Lord +Headerton. She persuaded her husband to purchase that beautiful villa, in +view of the family domain, that she might have more frequent opportunities +of bringing, as she elegantly expressed it, "the proud beggars to their +trumps;--and why not?--money's money, all the world over." The Honourable +Mister Augustus _depended_ on his agent for the purchase, and some two +thousand and odd pounds were consequently paid, or said to have been paid, +for it, more than its value. And then commenced the general warfare; full +purse and empty head--_versus_ no purse, and old nobility. They had the +satisfaction of ruining each other--the full purse was emptied by +devouring duns, and the old nobility suffered by its connexion with +vulgarity. + +"I want to know, Honourable Mister Augustus Headerton"--(the lady always +gave the full name when addressing her husband; she used to say it was all +she got for her money),--"I want to know, Honourable Mister Augustus +Headerton, the reason why the music master's lessons, given to the Misses +Headerton (they were blessed with seven sweet pledges of affection), have +not been paid for? I desired the steward to see to it, and you know I +_depend_ on him to settle these matters." + +The Honourable Mrs. Augustus Headerton rang the bell--"Send Martin up." + +"Mister Martin," the lady began, "what is the reason that Mr. Langi's +account has not been paid?" + +"My master, ma'am knows that I have been anxious for him to look over the +accounts; the goings-out are so very great, and the comings-in, as far as +I know"--The Honourable Mister Augustus Headerton spilt some of the +whiskey-punch he was drinking, over a splendid hearth-rug, which drew the +lady's attention from what would have been an unpleasant _eclaircissement_. + +"I cannot understand why difficulties should arise. I am certain I brought +a fortune large enough for all extravagance," was the lady's constant +remark when expenditure was mentioned. Years pass over the heads of the +young--and they grow old; and over the heads of fools--but they never grow +wise. + +The Honourable Mister and Mistress Augustus Headerton were examples of +this truth;--their children grew up around them--but could derive no +support from their parent root. The mother had _depended_ on governesses +and masters for the education of her girls--and on their beauty, +connexions, or accomplishments, to procure them husbands. The father did +not deem the labours of study fit occupation for the sons of an ancient +house:--"_Depend_ upon it," he would say, "they'll all do well with my +connexions--they will be able to command what they please." The Honourable +Mistress Augustus could not now boast of a full purse, for they had long +been living on the memory of their once ample fortune. + +The Honourable Mister Augustus Headerton died, in the forty-fifth year of +his age, of inflammation, caught in an old limekiln, where he was +concealed to avoid an arrest for the sum of 180 guineas, for black Nell, +the famous filly, who won the cup on the Curragh of Kildare--purchased in +his name, but without his knowledge, by his second son, the pride of the +family--commonly called dashing Dick. + +All I know further of the Honourable Mistress Augustus Headerton is, that + + "She played at cards, and died." + +Miss Georgiana--the beauty, and greatest fool of the family, who +_depended_ on her face as a fortune, did get a husband--an old, rich West +India planter, and eloped, six months after marriage, with an officer of +dragoons. + +Miss Celestina was really clever and accomplished. "Use her abilities for +her own support!" Oh, no! not for worlds--Too proud to work, but not too +proud to beg, she _depended_ on her relations, and played toady to all who +would. + +Miss Louisa--not clever; but in all other respects, ditto--ditto. + +Miss Charlotte was always very romantic; refused a respectable banker with +indignation, and married her uncle's footman--for love. + +Having sketched the female part of the family first (a compliment by the +way they do not always receive from their own sex)--I will tell you what I +remember of the gentlemen. + +"The Emperor," as Mr. Augustus was called, from his stately manner and +dignified deportment, aided by as much self-esteem as could well be +contained in a human body, _depended_, without any "compunctuous visitings +of conscience," on the venison, claret, and champagne of his friends, and +thought all the time he did them honour:--and thus he passed his life. + +"Dashing Dick" was the opposite of the Emperor; sung a good song--told a +good story--and gloried in making ladies blush. He _depended_ on his +cousin, Colonel Bloomfield, procuring him a commission in his regiment, +and cheated tailors, hosiers, glovers, coach-makers, and even lawyers, +with impunity. Happily for the world at large, Dashing Dick broke his neck +in a steeple chase, on a stolen horse, which he would have been hanged for +purloining, had he lived a day longer. + +Ferdinand was the bonne-bouche of the family: they used to call him "the +Parson!" Excellent Ferdinand!--he _depended_ on his exertions; and, if +ever the name of Headerton rises in the scale of moral or intellectual +superiority, it will be owing to the steady and virtuous efforts of Mister +Ferdinand Headerton, merchant, in the good city of B----. + +_Sketches of Irish Character, by Mrs. S.C. Hall_. + + * * * * * + + +PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE UNDER DIFFICULTIES. + + +We quote the following from the portion of the _Library of Entertaining +Knowledge_, with the above title--to show the mode in which the heads of +the respective chapters are illustrated: + +_Obscure Origin_. + +"The parents of SEBASTIAN CASTALIO, the elegant Latin translator of the +Bible, were poor peasants, who lived among the mountains in Dauphiny. + +"The Abbe HAUTEFEUILLE, who distinguished himself in the seventeenth +century, by his inventions in clock and watch making, was the son of a +baker. + +"PARINI, the modern satiric poet of Italy, was the son of a peasant, who +died when he was in his boyhood, and left him to be the only support of +his widowed mother; while, to add to his difficulties, he was attacked in +his nineteenth year by a paralysis, which rendered him a cripple for life. + +"The parents of Dr. JOHN PRIDEAUX, who afterwards rose to be Bishop of +Worcester, were in such poor circumstances, that they were with difficulty +able to keep him at school till he had learned to read and write; and he +obtained the rest of his education by walking on foot to Oxford, and +getting employed in the first instance as assistant in the kitchen of +Exeter College, in which society he remained till he gradually made his +way to a fellowship. + +"The father of INIGO JONES, the great architect, who built the +Banqueting-house at Whitehall, and many other well known edifices, was a +cloth-worker; and he himself was also destined originally for a mechanical +employment. + +"Sir EDMUND SAUNDERS, Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench in the +reign of Charles II., was originally an errand boy at the Inns of Court, +and gradually acquired the elements of his knowledge of the law by being +employed to copy precedents. + +"LINNAEUS, the founder of the science of Botany, although the son of the +clergyman of a small village in Sweden, was for some time apprenticed to a +shoemaker; and was only rescued from his humble employment by accidentally +meeting one day a physician named Rothman, who, having entered into +conversation with him, was so much struck with his intelligence, that he +sent him to the university. + +"The father of MICHAEL LOMONOSOFF, one of the most celebrated Russian +poets of the last century, and who eventually attained the highest +literary dignities in his own country, was only a simple fisherman. Young +Lomonosoff had great difficulty in acquiring as much education as enabled +him to read and write; and it was only by running away from his father's +house, and taking refuge in a monastery at Moscow, that he found means to +obtain an acquaintance with the higher branches of literature. + +"The famous BEN JONSON worked for some time as a bricklayer or mason; 'and +let not them blush,' says Fuller, speaking of this circumstance in his +'English Worthies,' with his usual amusing, but often expressive +quaintness, 'let not them blush that have, but those that have not, a +lawful calling. He helped in the building of the new structure of +Lincoln's Inn, when, having a trowel in his hand, he had a book in his +pocket.' + +"PETER RAMUS, one of the most celebrated writers and intrepid thinkers of +the sixteenth century, was employed in his childhood as a shepherd, and +obtained his education by serving as a lacquey in the College of Navarre. + +"The Danish astronomer, LONGOMONTANUS, was the son of a labourer, and, +while attending the academical lectures at Wyburg through the day, was +obliged to work for his support during a part of the night. + +"The elder DAVID PAREUS, the eminent German Protestant divine, who was +afterwards Professor of Theology at Heidelberg, was placed in his youth as +an apprentice, first with an apothecary, and then with a shoemaker. + +"HANS SACHS, one of the most famous of the early German poets, and a +scholar of considerable learning, was the son of a tailor, and served an +apprenticeship himself, first to a shoemaker, and afterwards to a weaver, +at which last trade, indeed, he continued to work during the rest of his +life. + +"JOHN FOLCZ, another old German poet, was a barber. + +"LUCAS CORNELISZ, a Dutch painter of the sixteenth century, who visited +England during the reign of Henry VIII., and was patronized by that +monarch, was obliged, while in his own country, in order to support his +large family, to betake himself to the profession of a cook. + +"Dr. ISAAC MADDOX, who, in the reign of George II., became bishop, first +of St. Asaph, and then of Worcester, and who is well known by his work in +defence of the Doctrine and Discipline of the Church of England, lost both +his parents, who belonged to a very humble rank of life, at an early age, +and was, in the first instance, placed by his friends with a pastrycook. + +"The late Dr. ISAAC MILNER, Dean of Carlisle, and Lucasian Professor of +the Mathematics at Cambridge, who had the reputation of one of the first +mathematicians of that University, and who published some ingenious papers +on Chemistry and Natural Philosophy, in the 'Philosophical Transactions,' +was originally a weaver--as was also his brother JOSEPH, the well known, +author of a 'History of the Church.' Of the same profession was also, in +his younger days, the late Dr. JOSEPH WHITE, Professor of Arabic at Oxford. + +"CASSERIO, a well known Italian anatomist, was initiated in the elements +of Medical Science by a surgeon of Padua, with whom he had lived +originally as a domestic servant. + +"JOHN CHRISTIAN THEDEN, who rose to be chief surgeon to the Prussian army +under Frederick II. had in his youth been apprenticed to a tailor." + +_Influence of Accident in directing Pursuits_. + +"The celebrated Bernard Palissy, to whom France was indebted, in the +sixteenth century, for the introduction of the manufacture of enamelled +pottery, had his attention first attracted to the art, his improvements in +which, form to this time the glory of his name among his countrymen, by +having one day seen by chance a beautiful enamelled cup, which had been +brought from Italy. He was then struggling to support his family by his +attempts in the art of painting, in which he was self-taught; and it +immediately occurred to him that, if he could discover the secret of +making these cups, his toils and difficulties would be at an end. From +that moment his whole thoughts were directed to this object; and in one of +his works he has himself given us such an account of the unconquerable +zeal with which he prosecuted his experiments, as it is impossible to read +without the deepest interest. For some time he had little or nothing to +expend upon the pursuit which he had so much at heart; but at last he +happened to receive a considerable sum of money for a work which he had +finished, and this enabled him to commence his researches. He spent the +whole of his money, however, without meeting with any success, and he was +now poorer than ever. Yet it was in vain that his wife and friends +besought him to relinquish what they deemed his chimerical and ruinous +project. He borrowed more money, with which he repeated his experiments; +and, when he had no more fuel wherewith to feed his furnaces, he cut down +his chairs and tables for that purpose. Still his success was +inconsiderable. He was now actually obliged to give a person, who had +assisted him, part of his clothes by way of remuneration, having nothing +else left; and, with his wife and children starving before his eyes, and +by their appearance silently reproaching him as the cause of their +sufferings, he was at heart miserable enough. But he neither despaired, +nor suffered his friends to know what he felt; persevering, in the midst +of all his misery, a gay demeanour, and losing no opportunity of renewing +his pursuit of the object which he all the while felt confident he should +one day accomplish. And at last, after sixteen years of persevering +exertion, his efforts were crowned with complete success, and his fortune +was made. Palissy was, in all respects, one of the most extraordinary men +of his time; in his moral character displaying a high-mindedness and +commanding energy altogether in harmony with the reach and originality of +conception by which his understanding was distinguished. Although a +Protestant, he had escaped, through the royal favour, from the massacre of +St. Bartholomew; but, having been soon after shut up in the Bastille, he +was visited in his prison by the king, who told him, that if he did not +comply with the established religion, he should be forced, however +unwillingly, to leave him in the hands of his enemies. 'Forced!' replied +Palissy, 'This is not to speak like a king; but they who force you cannot +force me; I can die!' He never regained his liberty, but ended his life in +the Bastille, in the ninetieth year of his age." + + * * * * * + + + +OLD POETS. + + +LOVE. + + What thing is Love, which naught can countervail? + Naught save itself, ev'n such a thing is Love. + And worldly wealth in worth as far doth fail, + As lowest earth doth yield to heav'n above. + Divine is love, and scorneth worldly pelf, + And can be bought with nothing but with self. + +SIR W. RALEIGH. + + * * * * * + + If Love be life, I long to die, + Live they that list for me: + And he that gains the most thereby, + A fool at least shall be. + But he that feels the sorest fits + 'Scapes with no less than loss of wits. + Unhappy life they gain, + Which love do entertain. + +SIR W. RALEIGH. + + * * * * * + + If all the world and Love were young, + And truth in every shepherd's tongue, + These pleasures might my passion move, + To live with thee, and be my love. + But fading flowers in every field, + To winter floods their treasures yield; + A honey'd tongue, a heart of gall, + Is fancy's spring, but sorrow's fall. + +SIR W. RALEIGH.--_Answer to Marlowe's "Come Live," &c_. + + * * * * * + + Passions are likened best to floods and streams; + The shallow murmur, but the deep are dumb, + So, when affections yield discourse, it seems + The bottom is but shallow whence they come: + They that are rich in words must needs discover + They are but poor in that which makes a lover. + +SIR W. RALEIGH. + + * * * * * + + ---- Love is nature's second sun + Causing a spring of virtues where he shines. + And, as without the sun, the world's great eye, + All colours, beauties, both of art and nature, + Are giv'n in vain to men; so, without love + All beauties bred in woman are in vain, + All virtues born in men lie buried; + For love informs them as the sun doth colours. + And as the sun reflecting his warm beams + Against the earth, begets all fruits and flowers, + So love, fair shining in the inward man, + Brings forth in him the honourable fruits + Of valour, wit, virtue, and haughty thoughts, + Brave resolution, and divine discourse. + O! 'tis the paradise! the heaven of earth! + +CHAPMAN. + + * * * * * + + Ladies, though to your conquering eyes + Love owes its chiefest victories, + And borrows those bright arms from you + With which he does the world subdue; + Yet you yourselves are not above + The empire nor the griefs of love. + Then wrack not lovers with disdain, + Lest love on you revenge their pain; + You are not free, because you're fair, + The boy did not his mother spare: + Though beauty be a killing dart, + It is no armour for the heart. + +ETHERIDGE. + + * * * * * + + Come, little infant, love me now. + While thine unsuspected years + Clear thine aged father's brow + From cold jealousy and fears. + Pretty, surely, 'twere to see + By young Love old Time beguil'd; + While our sportings are as free + As the muse's with the child. + + * * * * * + + Now then, love me; Time may take + Thee before my time away; + Of this need we'll virtue make + And learn love before we may. + So we win of doubtful fate; + And if good to us she meant, + We that good shall antedate. + Or, if ill, that ill prevent. + +MARVELL. + + * * * * * + + Hear ye virgins, and I'll teach, + What the times of old did preach: + Rosamond was in a tower + Kept, as Danae, in a tower; + But yet love, who subtle is, + Crept to that, and came to this: + Be ye lock'd up like to these, + Or the rich Hesperides: + Or those babies in your eyes, + In their crystal nurseries; + Notwithstanding love will win, + Or else force a passage in; + And as coy be as you can. + Gifts will get ye, or the man. + +HERRICK. + + * * * * * + + Great Venus, queen of beauty and of grace. + The joy of gods and men, that under sky + Dost fairest shine, and most adorn thy place, + That with thy smiling look dost pacify + The raging seas, and mak'st the storms to fly: + Thee, goddess, thee the winds, the clouds do fear, + And when thou spreadst thy mantle forth on high, + The waters play, and pleasant lands appear, + And heaven laughs, and all the world shows joyous chear. + + * * * * * + + --All the world by thee at first was made, + And daily yet thou dost the same repair, + Ne ought on earth that merry is and glad, + Ne ought on earth that lovely is and fair, + But thou the same for pleasure didst prepare. + Thou art the root of all that joyous is, + Great God of men and women, queen of th' air, + Mother of laughter, and well-spring of bliss, + O graunt that of my love at last I may not miss. + +_Fairy Queen_.--SPENSER. + + * * * * * + + As men tormented with a burning fever, + Dream that with drink they 'suage their grievous thirst, + But when they wake they find their thirst persever, + And to be greater than it was at first; + So she whose thoughts from love sleep could not sever, + Dreamt of that thing for which she 'wake did thirst; + But waking, felt and found it as before, + Her hope still less, and her desire still more. + +SIR J. HARRINGTON. + + * * * * * + + ---- Love is only root and crop of care, + The body's foe, the heart's annoy and cause of pleasures rare + The sickness of the mind and fountain of unrest, + The gulf of guile, the pit of pain, of grief the hollow chest; + A fiery frost, a flame that frozen is with ice, + A heavy burden light to bear, a virtue fraught with vice; + It is a worldlike peace, a safety seeing dread, + A deep despair annexed to hope, a fancy that is fed, + Sweet poison for his taste, a port Charybdis like, + A Scylla for his safety, though a lion that is meek. + +TURBERVILLE. + + * * * * * + +KISSING. + + O kiss! which dost those ruddy gems impart, + Or gems, or fruits, of new found Paradise; + Breathing all bliss and sweet'ning to the heart; + Teaching dumb lips a nobler exercise. + O kiss! which souls, ev'n souls, together ties + By links of love, and only nature's art; + How fain would I paint thee to all men's eyes. + Or of thy gifts, at least, shade out some part. + But she forbids, with blushing words, she says, + She builds her fame on higher-seated praise; + But my heart burns, I cannot silent be. + Then since (dear life,) you fain would have me peace, + And I mad with delight want wit to cease, + Stop you my mouth, with still, still kissing me. + +SIR P. SIDNEY. + + * * * * * + +HEALTH. + + The common ingredients of health and long life are + Great temp'rance, open air, + Easy labour, little care. + +IBID. + + * * * * * + + + +SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. + + +ARRIVAL AT MARGATE. + +_From "The Monthly Club" of Sharpe's London Magazine_. + + +The buildings of Margate now became evident, and every minute developed +some new feature in the landscape; all the party abandoned their sitting +to enjoy the view. The curved pier painted pea green and covered with +Cockneys, now was disclosed to our eyes, and my old friend from Leicester +was again staggered into a profound silence, by being told that a row of +houses with a windmill at the end of it, was _Buenos Ayres_. I saw his +amazement, but he did not betray his ignorance in speech as the French +actress did, who was in London some years since, and when dining on the +Adelphi Terrace was shown Waterloo Bridge. After gazing at it, with a +degree of pathos, partly national and partly theatrical, she heaved a sigh +for the brave fellows who had perished in the neighbourhood, and feelingly +inquired whereabouts the farm of _Haye Saint_ was--this is literally a +fact and is vouched for--nor is the absence of geographical knowledge in +the natives of France, confined to the lady--she is by no means a solitary +instance of the most glorious ignorance of localities.--The Turks too, +talk of Ireland as a disorderly part of London; and an American, during +the last winter, lecturing in Germany, referring to the great improvements +which have recently taken place in England, enumerated, amongst other +stupendous works of art, the Menai Bridge, which he informed his hearers +united IRELAND with WALES. + +As we approached the harbour we seemed to fly--the jetty and pier became +more and more crowded--it was evident we had created "an interest;" the +hurry and bustle on board appeared to increase as we neared the shore, and +the sudden tranquillization of the hubbub by the magical words, "stop her," +of the master evidently excited a mingled feeling of wonder and +satisfaction in the breast of our Leicestershire companion, whose +countenance had previously indicated a strong suspicion that it was the +captain's intention to try the relative strength of our vessel's bow and +the nob end of Mr. Jarvis's jetty. + +I never shall forget his delight as we tranquilly glided to the side of +the landing-place, nor his violent indignation when stepping out of the +boat in a pair of jockey boots, and selecting, what appeared to his +ruralized vision, a _verdant_ spot; his feet slid from under him, and he +got a fall unmodified in its disagreeable results by the excitement of the +sport so prevalent in his native country. + +"Who built this fine stone affair?" said R----, pointing to the pea-green +promenade on our right. + +"The people of Margate," said some one. + +"I thought nobody in England but the king could make a _pier_," said R----. + +"Come, come," cried B----, "let us be grave for a minute or two; we look +more like a parcel of boys landing than a grave and learned body." + +"Youth is the time for punning," said R----. + +"It is no great crime when one is older," said B----. + +"That I deny," answered our wag; "it may be good in _youth_, but it is +_bad in age._" + +The groan which followed this last pun of the voyage reechoed along the +shore, and it was not until we reached Howe's hotel, a sort of Bath York +House stuck in the middle of Golden Square, London, that the tumult died +away. + + * * * * * + + +THE UNICORN. + + +In the physical world, some of our secrets are disappearing; and though +Captain Parry failed to find out the pole, and we believe, with that +worthy navigator, that the world have been dreaming from the beginning, +and that there is no pole; and though Captain Ross will go further and +fare worse, yet things are turning up now and then that our most +benevolent scepticism cannot resist. But among other plunders of the +imagination, they are going to rob us of the unicorn. For two thousand +years and upwards, a short date in the history of human quarrel about +nothings, the sages of this world have been doubting and deciding on the +existence of this showy creature. Pliny would have sworn to his having all +but seen it, and he would have sworn that too, if any one had taken the +trouble to ask him. Kircher, and a few of the German naturalists, and +black-letter fools--every naturalist and black-letter man being more or +less a fool--dug up the question out of the pit of Teutonic dulness, and +ever since, every traveller beyond the Needles, has had his theory, which +was quite as good as his fact, and his fact, which was quite as good as +his theory. + +The topic perished in Germany, being stifled under professor Bopp and +Sanscrit, Professor Semler and Scepticism, Professor Jahn and Jacobinism, +and the whole vast feather-bed suffocation of Professor Kotzebue and +Comedy. But in England it was endeared to us by associations "deep in +every truly British heart," as the chairmen of our tavern parties say over +their third bottle. We had seen it for ages gallantly climbing the +slippery heights of the kingly crown on show boards, carriages, +transparencies, theatres, and the new, matchless, hydropyric, or fiery and +watery fairy palace of Vauxhall. It met us in every material, from the +gilt _confitures_ of Bartholomew fair, to the gold plateau of the "table +laid for sixty," at St. James's. All the dilettanti were immersed in the +great national question of its shape and features. Mr. Barrow, in a +journey of exploration, which extended to three miles beyond the Cape, +believed that he saw it, but strongly doubted its existence. M. Vaillant +never saw it, nor believed that any one ever did, but was as sure of its +existence as if it had slept in his bosom, and been unto him as a daughter. +Mr. Russel had one, which he milked twice a day, and drove in a curricle +to visit the Queen of Madagascar. Doctor Lyall is writing a quarto from +Madagascar, to deny the statement in toto; admitting, however, that there +is a rumour of the being of some nondescript of the kind in the mountains, +somewhat between the size of the elephant and the Shetland pony; but that +he and we think the subject-matter will turn out asinine. But now a Mr. +Ruppell, after a long sojourn in the north-east of Africa, comes at once +to cheer and dishearten us by the discovery, that in Kordofan, if any one +knows where that is, the unicorn exists; stated to be of the size of a +small horse, of the slender make of the gazelle, and furnished with a long, +straight, slender horn in the male, which was wanting in the female. +According to the statements made by various persons, it inhabits the +deserts to the south of Kordofan, is uncommonly fleet, and comes only +occasionally to the Koldagi Heive mountains on the borders of Kordofan. +This, it must be acknowledged, is a sad falling off from the rival of the +lion, that we have honoured so long in the arms of England. But we +sincerely hope, that by the next arrival, it will not degenerate into a +cow, or worse, a goat. But he tells us, that to our knowledge of the +giraffe he has added considerably. He obtained in Nubia and Kordofan five +specimens, two of which were males and three females. He regards the horns +as constituting the principal generic character, they being formed by +distinct bones, united to the frontal and parietal bones by a very obvious +suture, and having throughout the same structure with the other bones. In +both sexes one of these abnormal bones is situated on each branch of the +coronal suture, and the male possesses an additional one placed more +anteriorly, and occupying the middle of the frontal suture. The anomalous +position of this appendage furnishes a complete refutation of the theory +of Camper with regard to the unicorn, that such an occurrence was contrary +to nature, and proves at least the possibility of the existence of such an +animal. Professor Camper is an ass, of course; but when are we to expect +any thing better from the illustrissimi of the land of sour-krout? Give a +Doctor Magnificus his due allowance of the worst tobacco, and the worst +beer in the world, with a ream of half-brown paper, and a Leipsic +catalogue to plunder, and he will in three months write any subject dead-- +smother the plainest truth with an accumulation of absurdity, astonishing, +as the work of a creature with but two hands--and prove that the earth is +but a huge oyster, in which Germany is the pearl; or that man is only a +reclaimed baboon, of which all the wit is centered in Weimar. + +_Monthly Magazine_. + + * * * * * + + + +THE GATHERER. + + + A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. + + SHAKSPEARE. + + * * * * * + + +A PUNSTER. + + +Dr. Barton was a punster. He said, "the fellows of my college wished to +have an organ in the chapel, but I put a stop to it;" whether for the sake +of the pun, or because he disliked music, is uncertain. He invited, for +the love of punning, Mr. Crowe and Mr. Rooke to dine with him; and having +given Mr. Birdmore, another guest, a hint to be rather after the time, on +his appearing, said, "Mr. Rook! Mr. Crowe! I beg leave to introduce one +_Bird more_." He married his niece to a gentleman of the hopeful name of +_Buckle_. The enterprise succeeded beyond his expectation. Mrs. Buckle was +delivered of twins. "A pair of Buckles!" "Boys or girls?" said a +congratulating friend; the answer may be supposed. To him, though it has +been attributed to others, belongs the glory or the shame of having said +to one, who having re-established his health by a diet of milk and eggs, +took a wife:--"So, you have been _egged_ on to matrimony: I hope the +_yoke_ will sit easy on you." + + * * * * * + + +PLAY BILL. + +(_Translated from the Spanish_.) + + + To the sovereign of heaven, + To the mother of the eternal world, + To the Polar Star of Spain, + To the faithful protectress of the Spanish nation, + To the honour and glory of the most Holy Virgin Mary, + For her benefit, and for the propagation of her worship, + The company of comedians will this day give a representation of + the comic piece called Manine. + The celebrated Italian will also dance the Fandango, + and the theatre will be superbly illuminated. + + * * * * * + +"_Write your name at full length_ the _first_ time you order any thing +which you ought to pay for, that the person so employed or ordered may +have no difficulty of applying (legally) if necessary for payment."--_The +advice of one who from a common soldier died in opulence honestly gained +by trade_. + + * * * * * + +A French philosopher placed a statue in his hall, under which was the +follow-distich:-- + + "Whoever you be, Sir, pray take off your castor; + For this is, or has been, or will be your master." + + * * * * * + + +PARIS. + + +The following Notes convey some idea of the extent and resources of the +French capital:-- + +By the last census, 1827, the _population_ of Paris was 890,000. + +_Bread_.--In Paris, 830,000 persons consume 227,760,000 pounds in a year. + +_Printing_.--There are in Paris 80 printing establishments; 600 presses +going; and 3,000 journeymen printers in constant employ. + +_Deaths_.--The _annual mortality_ is 21,033; average of _suicides_ 200, of +whom the greater number are single persons; and on an average, a death +occurs every twenty minutes. Upwards of 1,100 children die annually from +small-pox. + +_Lamps_.--The city is lit with 4,533 oil lamps, with 12,672 wicks. + +_The River_.--The river Seine where it enters Paris is 510 feet broad; at +the Pont Neuf 864 feet, and where it leaves the city 400 feet broad. + +_Hospitals_.--The income of the hospitals is 9,762,154 francs, or about +L406,756.; the average cost to government for a day in the hospital, is +about 11-1/2_d_. The maniacs from two prisons average 3,000 a year; and +the majority of mad persons are unmarried. + +_Lottery_.--The average annual receipts of the lottery is about a million +sterling--of which the treasury receive about L180,000. the remainder +being the adventurers'. + +_Marriages_.--The average of marriages is 6,316, or 1 marriage in every +108 persons. Marriages are most frequent in February, and least in +December. There is rather more than an average of three children to each +marriage. + +_Births_.--The births average 27,000, or 1 birth for every 12 minutes; of +the number, 8,760 are illegitimate. + +_Gaming Houses_.--The annual receipt is L360,000.; the whole expenses +L60,000. Those who lease them clear in 6 years about L83,000. + +_Wine Tax_.--The annual revenue is a million sterling. + +_Theatres_.--There are 10,000 persons daily at the theatres, Of these, it +is estimated, 6,816 pay for admission. The annual average receipts of all +the theatres is L209,298. + +_Tombs_.--The price for a tomb in _Pere la Chaise_, is about L4. without +the right to the grave; some have cost L1,400. Those erected to women +are fewer by half than those for men. + +_Travellers_.--The average since the peace of 1814, is 17,676 English +residents or travellers in Paris. + + * * * * * + + +MOTTO AND TRANSLATION. + + + _Presto et Presto_. + Double quick time. + + * * * * * + + +DIALOGUE BETWEEN GLUTTON AND ECHO. + + +The following lines, written in the year 1609, are said to have induced +Butler to pursue the same idea in his _Hudibras_; + + _Dialogue_. + + _Glutton_.--My belly I do deify. + + _Echo_.--Fie. + + _Glutton_.--Who curbs his appetite's a fool. + + _Echo_.--Ah! fool! + + _Glutton_.--I do not like this abstinence. + + _Echo_.--Hence! + + _Glutton_.--My joy's a feast, my wish is wine. + + _Echo_.--Swine. + + _Glutton_.--We epicures are happy truly. + + _Echo_.--You lie. + + _Glutton_.--May I not, Echo, eat my fill. + + _Echo_.--Ill. + + _Glutton_.--Will it hurt me if I drink too much? + + _Echo_.--Much. + + _Glutton_.--Thou mock'st me nymph, I'll not believe it. + + _Echo_.--Believe it. + + _Glutton_.--Dost thou condemn then what I do? + + _Echo_.--I do. + + _Glutton_.--Is it that which brings infirmities? + + _Echo_.--It is! + + _Glutton_.--Then sweetest temperance I'll love thee. + + _Echo_. I love thee.. + + {If all be true which thou + _Glutton_. { dost tell, + {To gluttony I bid farewell. + + _Echo_.--Farewell. + + W.A. + + * * * * * + + +EPITAPH ON A GAMESTER. + + + Here lies a gamester, poor but willing, + Who left the room without a shilling. + Losing each stake, till he had thrown + His last, and lost the game to Death; + If Paradise his soul has won, + 'Twas a rare stroke of luck i'faith! + + * * * * * + +Suicide is very common among the New Zealanders: thus, a woman who has +been beaten by her husband will perhaps hang herself immediately. + + * * * * * + +LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE + +_Following Novels is already Published_: + + _s_. _d_. + Mackenzie's Man of Feeling 0 6 + Paul and Virginia 0 6 + The Castle of Otranto 0 6 + Almoran and Hamet 0 6 + Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia 0 6 + The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne 0 6 + Rasselas 0 8 + The Old English Baron 0 8 + Nature and Art 0 8 + Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield 0 10 + Sicilian Romance 1 0 + The Man of the World 1 0 + A Simple Story 1 4 + Joseph Andrews 1 6 + Humphry Clinker 1 8 + The Romance of the Forest 1 8 + The Italian 2 0 + Zeluco, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Edward, by Dr Moore 2 6 + Roderick Random 2 6 + The Mysteries of Udolpho 3 6 + Peregrine Pickle 4 6 + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 387 *** + +***** This file should be named 11518.txt or 11518.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/1/5/1/11518/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Allen Siddle, David King, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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