diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'old/11516.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | old/11516.txt | 1990 |
1 files changed, 1990 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/old/11516.txt b/old/11516.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..90bfb14 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/11516.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1990 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction + Vol. 14, Issue 380, July 11, 1829 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 8, 2004 [EBook #11516] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 380 *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Lazar Liveanu, David King, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team + + + + + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION. + +VOL. 14, No. 380.] SATURDAY, JULY 11, 1829. [PRICE 2d. + + + + +MERCERS' HALL, AND CHEAPSIDE + + +[Illustration: Mercers' Hall, and Cheapside] + +The engraving is an interesting illustration of the architecture of the +metropolis in the seventeenth century, independent of its local +association with names illustrious in historical record. + +In former times, when persons of the same trade congregated together in +some particular street, the mercers principally assembled in West Cheap, +now called Cheapside, near where the above hall stands, and thence +called by the name of "the Mercery." In Lydgate's _London Lyckpenny_, +are the following lines alluding to this custom: + + Then to Chepe I began me drawne, + When much people I saw for to stand; + One offered me velvet, silk and lawne + And another he taketh me by the hand. + Here is Paris thread, the finest in the land. + +Pennant thus describes the principal historical data of the spot: + +"On the north side of Cheapside, (between Ironmonger Lane and Old +Jewry,) stood the Hospital of St. Thomas of Acon, founded by Thomas +Fitz-Theobald de Helles, and his wife Agnes, sister to the turbulent +Thomas Becket, who was born in the house of his father, Gilbert, +situated on this spot. The mother of our meek saint was a fair Saracen, +whom his father had married in the Holy Land. On the site of this house +rose the hospital, built within twenty years after the murder of Thomas; +yet such was the repute of his sanctity, that it was dedicated to him, +in conjunction with the blessed Virgin, without waiting for his +canonization. The hospital consisted of a master and several brethren, +professing the rule of St. Austin. The church, cloisters, &c. were +granted by Henry VIII. to the Mercers' Company, who had the gift of the +mastership.[1] + + [1] Tanner. + +"In the old church were several monuments; among others, one to James +Butler, Earl of Ormond, and Joan his wife, living in the beginning of +the reign of Henry VI. The whole pile was destroyed in the great fire, +but was very handsomely rebuilt by the Mercers' Company, who have their +Hall here. + +"In this chapel the celebrated, but unsteady, archbishop of Spalato, +preached his first sermon in 1617, in Italian, before the Archbishop of +Canterbury, and a splendid audience; and continued his discourses in the +same place several times, after he had embraced our religion; but having +the folly to return to his ancient faith, and trust himself among his +old friends at Rome, he was shut up in the Castle of St. Angelo, where +he died in 1625." + +"The Mercers' Company is the first of the twelve. The name by no means +implied, originally, a dealer in silks: for _mercery_ included all sorts +of small wares, toys, and haberdashery; but, as several of this opulent +company were merchants, and imported great quantities of rich silks from +Italy, the name became applied to the Company, and all dealers in silk. +Not fewer than sixty-two mayors were of this Company, between the years +1214 and 1762; among which were Sir John Coventry, Sir Richard +Whittington, and Sir Richard and Sir John Gresham." + +The front in Cheapside, which alone can be seen, is narrow, but floridly +adorned with carvings and architectural ornaments. The door is enriched +with the figures of two cupids, mantling the arms, festoons, &c. and +above the balcony, it is adorned with two pilasters, entablature, and +pediment of the Ionic order; the intercolumns are the figures of Faith +and Hope, and that of Charity, in a niche under the cornice of the +pediment, with other enrichments. The interior is very handsome. The +hall and great parlour are wainscoted with oak, and adorned with Ionic +pilasters. The ceiling is of fret-work, and the stately piazzas are +constituted by large columns, and their entablature of the Doric order. + +The arms of the Mercers, as they are sculptured over the gateway, +present for their distinguishing feature a demi-virgin with dishevelled +hair: it was in allusion to this circumstance, that in the days of +pageantry, at the election of Lord Mayor, a richly ornamented chariot +was produced, in which was seated a young and beautiful virgin, most +sumptuously arrayed, her hair flowing in ringlets over her neck and +shoulders, and a crown upon her head. When the day's diversions were +over, she was liberally rewarded and dismissed, claiming as her own the +rich attire she had worn. + +From this place likewise was formerly a solemn procession by the Lord +Mayor, who, in the afternoon of the day he was sworn at the Exchequer, +met the Aldermen; whence they repaired together to St. Paul's, and there +prayed for the soul of their benefactor, William, Bishop of London, in +the time of William the Conqueror, at his tomb. They then went to the +churchyard to a place where lay the parents of Thomas a Becket, and +prayed for all souls departed. They then returned to the chapel, and +both Mayor and Aldermen offered each a penny. + +Attached to the original foundation or hospital was a grammar-school, +which has been subsequently continued at the expense of the Mercers' +Company, though not on the same spot. It was for some time kept in the +Old Jewry, whence it has been removed to College Hill, Upper Thames +Street. Among the masters may be mentioned William Baxter, nephew to the +non-conformist, Richard Baxter, and author of two Dictionaries of +British and Roman Antiquities. + +Nearly opposite the entrance to Mercers' Hall, is a handsome +stone-fronted house, built by Sir Christopher Wren. The houses adjoining +the Hall were of similar ornamental character; although the unenclosed +shop-fronts present a strange contrast with some of the improvements and +superfluities of modern times. The Hall front has lately been renovated, +and presents a rich display of architectural ornament. + + * * * * * + + +THE LONE GRAVES. + +(_For the Mirror._) + + + Why should their sleep thus silent be, from streams and flow'rs away, + While wanders thro' the sunny air the cuckoo's mellow lay; + Those forms, whose eyes reflected heaven in their mild depth of blue, + Whose hair was like the wave that shines o'er sands of golden hue? + + Are these the altars of their rest, the pure and sacred shrines; + Where Memory, rapt o'er visions fled, her holy spell combines? + The sire, the child, oh, waft them back to their delightful dell, + When, like a voice from heavenly lands, awakes the curfew bell. + + And have they no remembrance here, the cheeks that softly glow'd, + The amber hair, that, on the breeze, in gleaming tresses flow'd, + The hymn which hail'd the Sabbath morn,--the fix'd and fervid eye; + Must these sweet treasures of the heart in shade and silence lie? + + Oh, no! thou place of sanctities! a ray has from thee gone, + Dearer than noontide's gorgeous light, or Sabbath's music tone; + A spirit! whose bright ark is far beyond the clouds and waves, + Albeit there is a sunless gloom on these, their lonely graves! + + REGINALD AUGUSTINE. + + * * * * * + + +BAGLEY WOOD. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +Bagley is situated about two miles and a half from Oxford, on the +Abingdon-road, and affords an agreeable excursion to the Oxonians, who, +leaving the city of learning, pass over the old bridge, where the +observatory of the celebrated Friar Bacon was formerly standing. The +wood is large, extending itself to the summit of a hill, which commands +a charming panoramic view of Oxford, and of the adjacent country. The +scene is richly diversified with hill and dale, while the spires, +turrets, and towers of the university, rise high above the clustering +trees, filling the beholder with the utmost awe and veneration. During +the summer, this rustic spot presents many cool retreats, and +love-embowering shades; and here many an amour is carried on, free from +suspicion's eye, beneath the wide umbrageous canopy of nature. + +Gipsies, or _fortune-tellers_, are constantly to be found in Bagley +Wood; and many a gay Oxonian may be seen in the company of some +wandering Egyptian beauty. So partial, indeed, are several of the young +men of the university to the tawny tribe, that they are frequently +observed in their _academicals_, lounging round the picturesque tents, +having _their_ fortunes told; though, it must be remarked, their +countenances usually evince a waggish incredulity on those occasions, +and they appear much more amused with the novel scene around them than +gratified with the favourable predictions of the wily Egyptians. + +The merry gipsies of Bagley Wood might well sing with _Herrick_ + + "Here we securely live, and eat + The cream of meat; + And keep eternal fires + By which we sit, _and do divine_." + +G.W.N. + + * * * * * + + +EATING "MUTTON COLD." + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +A correspondent in a late number asks for a solution of the expression, +"eating mutton cold." If the following one is worth printing, it is much +at your service and that of the readers of the MIRROR. + +I consider then that it has simply the same meaning as that of "coming a +day after the fair." To come at the end of a feast when the various +viands (always including mutton as being easy of digestion for dyspeptic +people) were still warm, though cut pretty near to the bone, would, by +most persons, particularly aldermanic "bodies," be considered +sufficiently vexatious; how doubly annoying then must it be to come so +late as to find the meats more than half cold, and, perhaps, but little +of them left even in that anti-epicurean state! Whoever has been +unfortunate enough to miss a fine fat haunch either of venison or +mutton, which, smoking on the board, even Dr. Kitchiner would have +pronounced fit for an emperor, cannot but enter deeply and feelingly +into the disappointment of that guest who, arriving, through some +misdate of the invitation card, on the day subsequent to the feast, +finds but, _horribile dictu_, cold lean ham, cold pea-soup, cold +potatoes, and finally, _cold mutton_. Goldsmith's idea certainly was +that Burke was never able to say, in the words of the Roman adage, _in +tempore veni quod rerum omnium est primum_; but rather in plain English, +"confound my ill luck, I never yet was invited to a feast but I either +missed it in toto, or came so late as to be obliged to eat my mutton +cold, a thing, which of all others, I most abhor." HEN. B. + + * * * * * + + +POOL'S HOLE, DERBYSHIRE. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +This cave is said to have taken its title from a notorious robber of +that name, who being declared an outlaw, found in this hole a refuge +from justice, where he carried on his nocturnal depredations with +impunity. Others insist that this dismal hole was the habitation of a +hermit or anchorite, of the name of Pool. Of the two traditions, I +prefer the former. It is situated at the bottom of _Coitmos_, a lofty +mountain near Buxton. The entrance is by a small arch, so low that you +are forced to creep on hands and knees to gain admission; but it +gradually opens into a vault above a quarter of a mile in length, and as +some assert, a quarter of a mile high. It is certainly very lofty, and +resembles the roof of a Gothic edifice. In a cavern to the right called +Pool's Chamber, there is a fine echo, and the dashing of a current of +water, which flows along the middle of the great vault, very much +heightens the wonder. + +On the floor are great ridges of stone--water is perpetually distilling +from the roof and sides of this vault, and the drops before they fall +produce a very pleasing effect, by reflecting numberless rays from the +candles carried by the guides. They also form their quality from +crystallizations of various flakes like figures of fret work, and in +some places, having long accumulated upon one another, into large +masses, bearing a rude resemblance to various animals. + +In the same cavity is a column as clear as alabaster, called _Mary Queen +of Scots'_ column, because it is said she reached so far; beyond which +is a steep ascent for nearly a quarter of a mile, which terminates in a +hollow in the roof, called the Needle's-eye, in which, when the guide +places his candle, it looks like a star in the firmament. You only +wonder when you get out how you attained such an achievement. W.H.H. + + * * * * * + + +CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL. + +(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.) + + +Happening to look at No. 229, of your valuable Miscellany, in which you +have given rather a lengthy account of Canterbury Cathedral, I was +surprised to find no notice taken of the beautiful STONE SCREEN in the +interior of the cathedral, which is considered by many, one of the +finest specimens of florid Gothic in the kingdom. The following is a +brief description of this ancient specimen of architecture: + +This fine piece of Gothic carved work was built by Prior Hen. de Estria, +in 1304. It is rich in flutings, pyramids, and canopied niches, in which +stand six statues crowned, five of which hold globes in their hands, and +the sixth a church. Various have been the conjectures as to the +individuals intended by these statues. That holding the church is +supposed to represent King Ethelbert, being a very ancient man with a +long beard. The next figure appears more feminine, and may probably +intend his queen, Bertha. + +Before the havoc made in Charles's reign, there were thirteen figures +representing Christ and his Apostles in the niches which are round the +arch-doorway, and also twelve mitred Saints aloft along the stone work, +where is now placed an organ. + +At the National Repository, Charing Cross, there is exhibited a very +correct model of this screen, in which the likenesses of the ancient +kings are admirably imitated. P.T. + + * * * * * + + +ANCIENT STONE. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +There formerly stood about three miles from Carmarthen, at a place +called New Church, a stone about eight feet long and two broad. The only +distinguishable words upon it were "_Severus filius Severi_." The +remainder of the inscription, by dilapidation and time, was defaced. It +is supposed that there had been a battle fought here, and that Severus +fell. About a quarter of a mile from this was another with the name of +some other individual. The above stone was removed by the owner of the +land on which it stood, and is now used instead of a gate-post by him. I +should imagine it was the son of Severus the Roman, who founded the +great wall and ditch called after him, Severus' Wall and Ditch, and as +there was a Roman road from St. David's, in Wales, to Southampton, it is +not improbable that the Romans should come from thence to Carmarthen. +W.H. + + * * * * * + + + +THE COSMOPOLITE. + + + * * * * * + + +DIET OF VARIOUS NATIONS. + +(_For the Mirror._) + + +To the artist, the amateur, the traveller, and man of taste in general, +the following gleanings respecting the diet of various nations, are, in +the spirit of English hospitality, cordially inscribed. The breakfast of +the _Icelanders_ consists of _skyr_, a kind of sour, coagulated milk, +sometimes mixed with fresh milk or cream, and flavoured with the juice +of certain berries; their usual dinner is dried fish, skyr, and rancid +butter; and skyr, cheese, or porridge, made of Iceland moss, forms their +supper; bread is rarely tasted by many of the Icelanders, but appears as +a dainty at their rural feasts with mutton, and milk-porridge. They +commonly drink a kind of whey mixed with water. As the cattle of this +people are frequently, during winter, reduced to the miserable necessity +of subsisting on dried fish, we can scarcely conceive their fresh meat +to be so great a luxury as it is there esteemed. The poor of _Sweden_ +live on hard bread, salted or dried fish, water-gruel, and beer. The +_Norwegian_ nobility and merchants fare sumptuously, but the lower +classes chiefly subsist on the following articles:--oatmeal-bread, made +in thin cakes (strongly resembling the havver-bread of Scotland) and +baked only twice a-year. The oatmeal for this bread is, in times of +scarcity, which in Norway frequently occur, mixed with the bark of elm +or fir tree, ground, after boiling and drying, into a sort of flour; +sometimes in the vicinity of fisheries, the roes of cod kneaded with the +meal of oats or barley, are made into a kind of hasty-pudding, and soup, +which is enriched with a pickled herring or mackerel. The flesh of the +shark, and thin slices of meat salted and dried in the wind, are much +esteemed. Fresh fish are plentiful on the coasts, but for lack of +conveyances, unknown in the interior; the deficiency however, is there +amply supplied by an abundance of game. The flesh of cattle pickled, +smoked, or dry-salted, is laid by for winter store; and after making +cheese, the sour whey is converted into a liquor called _syre_, which, +mixed with water, constitutes the ordinary beverage of the Norwegians; +but for festive occasions they brew strong beer, and with it intoxicate +themselves, as also with brandy, when procurable. The maritime +_Laplanders_ feed on fish of every description, even to that of sea-dog, +fish-livers, and train-oil, and of these obtaining but a scanty +provision; they are even aspiring to the rank of the interior +inhabitants, whose nutriment is of a more delicate description, being +the flesh of all kinds of wild animals, herbaceous and carnivorous, and +birds of prey; but bear's flesh is their greatest dainty. Rein-deer +flesh is commonly boiled in a large iron kettle, and when done, torn to +pieces by the fingers of the _major domo_, and by him portioned out to +his family and friends; the broth remaining in the kettle is boiled into +soup with rye or oat-meal, and sometimes seasoned with salt. Rein-deer +blood is also a viand with these people, and being boiled, either by +itself or mixed with wild berries, in the stomach of the animal from +whence it was taken, forms a kind of black-pudding. The beverage of the +Laplanders is milk and water, broths, and fish-soups; brandy, of which +they are extremely fond, is a great rarity, and a glass of it will warm +their hearts towards the weary sojourner, who, but for the precious +gift, might ask hospitality at their huts in vain. The diet of the +_Samoides_, resembles that of the Laplanders, save that they devour raw +the flesh of fish and reindeer. For this people, all animals taken in +the chase, and even those found dead, afford food, with the exception of +dogs, cats, ermines, and squirrels. They have no regular time for meals, +but the members of a family help themselves when they please from the +boiler which always hangs over the fire. It is scarcely possible to name +the variety of diet to be found among the Russian tribes; but even in +cities, and at the tables of the opulent and civilized, late accounts +mention the appearance of several strange and disgusting dishes, +compounded of pastry, grain, pulse, vinegar, honey, fish, flesh, fruits, +&c., not at all creditable to Russian gastronomic science. The diet of +the _Polish_ peasantry is meagre in the extreme; they seldom taste +animal food, and both sexes swallow a prodigious quantity of _schnaps_, +an ardent spirit resembling whiskey. The _Dutch_ of all ranks are fond +of butter, and seldom is a journey taken without a butter-box in the +pocket. The boors feed on roots, pulse, herbs, sour milk, and +water-souchie, a kind of fish-broth. In _England_, the edible produce of +the world appears at the tables of the nobility, gentry, and opulent +commercial classes; and upon comparison with that of other nations, it +will be seen that the diet of English artisans, peasantry, and even +paupers, is far superior in variety and nourishment; bread, (white and +brown) vegetables, meat, broth, soup, fish, fruit, roots, herbs, cheese, +milk, butter, and, not rarely, sugar and tea, with fermented liquors and +ardent spirits, are all, or most of them, procured as articles of daily +subsistence by the English inferior classes. In Scotland, the higher +ranks live abstemiously, save on festive occasions; but animal food and +wheaten bread is seldom tasted by the lower orders, who chiefly subsist +on rye, barley, and oatmeal, prepared in bread, thin cakes, and +porridge; this last termed _stirabout_, is simply oatmeal mixed with +water and boiled (being stirred about with a wooden skether or spoon +when on the fire) to the consistency of flour-paste, not very stiff; +this, eaten with milk, forms the chief diet of the Scottish artisans and +peasantry, and, indeed, many of superior stations prefer it for +breakfast to bread of the finest flour which can be procured. Both high +and low are partial to the following national dishes. The _haggis_, a +kind of pudding, made of the offals or interior of a sheep, and boiled +in the integument of its stomach; this dish, both in odour and flavour, +is usually excessively offensive to the stranger; the singed sheep's +head, water-souchie, Scotch soup, (an _olla podrida_ of meats and +vegetables,) chicken-broth and sowens. _Laver_, a sauce made from a +peculiar kind of sea-weed, and _caviar_, introduced from Russia, appear +at the tables of the opulent, and by many are much esteemed. The diet of +the higher ranks of _Irish_ varies but little from that of the same +classes in England and Scotland. Amongst national dishes appear the +_staggering bob_, a calf only two days old, delicately dressed; +hodge-podge, a soup answering to that of Scotland; colcannon, a mixture +of potatoes and greens, seasoned with onions, salt, and pepper, finely +braided together after boiling; and a sea-weed sauce, either laver or +some other, the name of which we do not happen to remember. Potatoes, +fish, (fresh and salted) eggs, milk, and butter-milk, form the principal +support of the inferior class, of Irish; and whiskey the national ardent +spirit of Ireland and Scotland, is but too often, as is gin in England, +the sole support of a host of besotted beings, who drop into untimely +graves, from the _habit of intoxication_. + +(_To be continued_.) + + * * * * * + + + +THE SELECTOR; AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_. + + + * * * * * + + +NUPTIALS OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT. + + +At Susa, Alexander collected all the nobles of the empire, and +celebrated the most magnificent nuptials recorded in history. He married +Barcine, or Stateira, the daughter of the late king, and thus, in the +eyes of his Persian subjects, confirmed his title to the throne. His +father, Philip, was a polygamist in practice, although it would be very +difficult to prove that the Macedonians in general were allowed a +plurality of wives; but Alexander was now the King of Kings, and is more +likely to have been guided by Persian than Greek opinions upon the +subject. Eighty of his principal officers followed his example, and were +united to the daughters of the chief nobility of Persia. + +The marriages, in compliment to the brides, were celebrated after the +Persian fashion, and during the vernal equinox. For at no other period, +by the ancient laws of Persia, could nuptials be legally celebrated. +Such an institution is redolent of the poetry and freshness of the new +world, and of an attention to the voice of nature, and the analogies of +physical life. The young couple would marry in time to sow their field, +to reap the harvest, and gather their stores, before the season of cold +and scarcity overtook them. It is difficult to say how far this custom +prevailed among primitive nations, but it can scarcely be doubted that +we still retain lingering traces of it in the harmless amusements of St. +Valentine's day. + +On the wedding-day Alexander feasted the eighty bridegrooms in a +magnificent hall prepared for the purpose. Eighty separate couches were +placed for the guests, and on each a magnificent wedding-robe for every +individual. At the conclusion of the banquet, and while the wine and the +dessert were on the table, the eighty brides were introduced; Alexander +first rose, received the princess, took her by the hand, kissed her, and +placed her on the couch close to himself. This example was followed by +all, till every lady was seated by her betrothed. This formed the whole +of the Persian ceremony--the salute being regarded as the seal of +appropriation. The Macedonian form was still more simple and symbolical. +The bridegroom, dividing a small loaf with his sword, presented one-half +to the bride; wine was then poured as a libation on both portions, and +the contracting parties tasted of the bread. Cake and wine, as nuptial +refreshments, may thus claim a venerable antiquity. In due time the +bridegrooms conducted their respective brides to chambers prepared for +them within the precincts of the royal palace. + +The festivities continued for five days, and all the amusements of the +age were put into requisition for the entertainment of the company. +Athenaeus has quoted from Charas, a list of the chief performers, which +I transcribe more for the sake of the performances and of the states +where these lighter arts were brought to the greatest perfection, than +of the names, which are now unmeaning sounds. Scymnus from Tarentum, +Philistides from Syracuse, and Heracleitus from Mytylene, were the great +jugglers, or as the Greek word intimates, the wonder-workers of the day. +After them, Alexis, the Tarentine, displayed his excellence as a +rhapsodist, or repeater, to appropriate music, of the soul-stirring +poetry of Homer. Cratinus the Methymnoean, Aristonymus the Athenian, +Athenodorus the Teian, played on the harp--without being accompanied by +the voice. On the contrary, Heracleitus the Tarentine, and Aristocrates +the Theban, accompanied their harps with lyric songs. The performers on +wind instruments were divided on a similar, although it could not be on +the same principle. Dionysius from Heracleia, and Hyperbolus from +Cyzicum, sang to the flute, or some such instrument; while Timotheus, +Phrynichus, Scaphisius, Diophantus, and Evius, the Chalcidian, first +performed the Pythian overture, and then, accompanied by chorusses, +displayed the full power of wind instruments in masterly hands. There +was also a peculiar class called eulogists of Bacchus; these acquitted +themselves so well on this occasion, applying to Alexander those praises +which in their extemporaneous effusions had hitherto been confined to +the god, that they acquired the name of Eulogists of Alexander. Nor did +their reward fail them. The stage, of course, was not without its +representatives:--Thessalus, Athenodorus, Aristocritus, in +tragedy--Lycon, Phormion, and Ariston, in comedy--exerted their utmost +skill, and contended for the prize of superior excellence. Phasimelus, +the dancer was also present. + +It is yet undecided whether the Persians admitted their matrons to their +public banquets and private parties;--but if we can believe the positive +testimony of Herodotus, such was the case: and the summons of Vashti to +the annual festival, and the admission of Haman to the queen's table, +are facts which support the affirmation of that historian. The doubts +upon the subject appear to have arisen from confounding the manners of +Assyrians, Medes, and Parthians, with those of the more Scythian tribes +of Persis. We read in Xenophon that the Persian women were so well made +and beautiful, that their attractions might easily have seduced the +affections of the Ten Thousand, and have caused them, like the +lotus-eating companions of Ulysses, to forget their native land. Some +little hints as to the mode in which their beauty was enhanced and their +persons decorated, may be expected in the Life of Alexander, who, +victorious over their fathers and brothers, yet submitted to their +charms. + +The Persian ladies wore the tiara or turban richly adorned with jewels. +They wore their hair long, and both plaited and curled it; nor, if the +natural failed, did they scruple to use false locks. They pencilled the +eyebrows, and tinged the eyelid, with a dye that was supposed to add a +peculiar brilliancy to the eyes. They were fond of perfumes, and their +delightful ottar was the principal favourite. Their tunic and drawers +were of fine linen, the robe or gown of silk--the train of this was +long, and on state occasions required a supporter. Round the waist they +wore a broad zone or cincture, flounced on both edges, and embroidered +and jewelled in the centre. They also wore stockings and gloves, but +history has not recorded their materials. They used no sandals; a light +and ornamented shoe was worn in the house; and for walking they had a +kind of coarse half boot. They used shawls and wrappers for the person, +and veils for the head; the veil was large and square, and when thrown +over the head descended low on all sides. They were fond of glowing +colours, especially of purple, scarlet, and light-blue dresses. Their +favourite ornaments were pearls; they wreathed these in their hair, wore +them as necklaces, ear-drops, armlets, bracelets, anklets, and worked +them into conspicuous parts of their dresses. Of the precious stones +they preferred emeralds, rubies, and turquoises, which were set in gold +and worn like the pearls. + +Alexander did not limit his liberality to the wedding festivities, but +presented every bride with a handsome marriage portion. He also ordered +the names of all the soldiers who had married Asiatic wives to be +registered; their number exceeded 10,000; and each received a handsome +present, under the name of marriage gift.--_Williams's Life of +Alexander, Family Library, No. 3_. + + * * * * * + + +POEMS, BY W.T. MONCRIEFF. + + +This is a pretty little volume of graceful poems, printed "at the +author's private press, for private distribution only." They are, +however, entitled by their merits, to more extensive, or public +circulation; for many of them evince the good taste and pure feelings of +the writer. Some of the pieces relate to domestic circumstances, others +are calculated to cheat "sorrow of a smile," whilst all are, to use a +set phrase, highly honourable to the head and heart of the author. In +proof of this, we could detach several pages; but we have only space for +a few: + + +SONG. + + As flowers, that seem the light to shun + At evening's dusk and morning's haze, + Expand beneath the noon-tide sun, + And bloom to beauty in his rays, + So maidens, in a lover's eyes, + A thousand times more lovely grow, + Yield added sweetness to his sighs, + And with unwonted graces glow. + + As gems from light their brilliance gain, + And brightest shine when shone upon, + Nor half their orient rays retain, + When light wanes dim and day is gone: + So Beauty beams, for one dear one! + Acquires fresh splendour in his sight, + Her life--her light--her day--her sun-- + Her harbinger of all that's bright![2] + + [2] "There is nothing new under the sun;" Solomon was right. I + had written these lines from experiencing the truth of them, and + really imagined I had been the first to express, what so many + must have felt; but on looking over Rogers's delicious little + volume of Poems, some time after this was penned, I find he has, + with his usual felicity, noted the same effect. I give his Text + and Commentary; they occur in his beautiful poem, "Human Life," + speaking of a girl in love, he says: + + "--soon her looks the rapturous truth avow, + Lovely before, oh, say how lovely now!" + + On which he afterwards remarks: + + "Is it not true that the young not only appear to be, but really + are, most beautiful in the presence of those they love? It calls + forth all their beauty." + + Such a coincidence might almost induce me to exclaim with the + plagiarising pedant of antiquity, "_Pereant qui ante nos nostra + dixerunt_!" + + +ANECDOTE VERSIFIED. + +_Lord Albemarle to Mademoiselle Gaucher, on seeing her look very +earnestly at the Evening Star_. + + Oh! do not gaze upon that star, + That distant star, so earnestly, + If thou would'st not my pleasure mar-- + For ah! I cannot give it thee.[3] + + And, such is my unbounded love, + Thou should'st not gaze upon a thing + I would not make thee mistress of, + And prove in love, at least, a _King_! + + [3] Lord Albemarle, when advanced in years, was the lover and + protector of Mademoiselle Gaucher. Her name of infancy, and that + by which she was more endeared to her admirer, was Lolotte. One + evening, as they were walking together, perceiving her eyes + fixed on a star, he said to her, "Do not look at it so + earnestly, my dear, I cannot give it you!"--Never, says + Marmontel, did love express itself more delicately. + + +STANZAS TO THE SHADE OF ---- + +_In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falleth on +men,--an image was before mine eyes; there was silence, and I heard a +voice_. JOB iv. 13. + + Reproach me not, beloved shade! + Nor think thy memory less I prize; + The smiles that o'er my features play'd, + But hid my pangs from vulgar eyes. + I acted like the worldling boy, + With heart to every feeling vain: + I smil'd with all, yet felt no joy; + I wept with all, yet felt no pain, + + No--though, to veil thoughts of gloom, + I seem'd to twine Joy's rosy wreath, + 'Twas but as flowerets o'er a tomb. + Which only hide the woe beneath. + I lose no portion of my woes, + Although my tears in secret flow; + More green and fresh the verdure grows, + Where the cold streams run hid below. + + +A MODEST ODE TO FORTUNE. + +"_Et genus et formam regina pecunia donat_." HOR. + + O Goddess Fortune, hear my prayer, + And make a bard for once thy care! + I do not ask, in houses splendid, + To be by liveried slaves attended; + I ask not for estates, nor land, + Nor host of vassals at command; + I ask not for a handsome wife-- + Though I dislike a single life; + I ask not friends, nor fame, nor power, + Nor courtly rank, nor leisure's hour; + I ask not books, nor wine, nor plate. + Nor yet acquaintance with the great; + Nor dance, nor sons, nor mirth, nor jest, + Nor treasures of the East or West; + I ask not beauty, wit, nor ease, + Nor qualities more blest than these-- + Learning nor genius, skill nor art, + Nor valour for the hero's part; + These, though I much desire to have, + I do not, dearest goddess, crave.-- + I modestly for MONEY call-- + For _money_ will procure them _all_! + + +ANACREONTIC. + + Come fill the bowl!--one summer's day, + Some hearts, that had been wreck'd and sever'd, + Again to tempt the liquid way, + And join their former mates endeavour'd; + But then arose this serious question. + Which best to kindred hearts would guide? + Water, was Prudence' pure suggestion, + But that they thought too cool a tide! + + Peace bade them try the milky way, + But they were fearful 'twould becalm them; + Cried Love, on dews of morning stray,-- + They deem'd 'twould from their purpose charm them. + Cried Friendship, try the ruby tide,-- + They did--each obstacle departs; + 'Tis still with wine 'reft hearts will glide + Most surely unto kindred hearts. + + +THE PILGRIM PRINCE.--BALLAD. + + At blush of morn, the silver horn + Was loudly blown at the castle gate; + And, from the wall, the Seneschal + Saw there a weary pilgrim wait. + "What news--what news, thou stranger bold? + Thy looks are rough, thy raiment old! + And little does Lady Isabel care + To know how want and poverty fare." + "Ah let me straight that lady see, + For far I come from the North Country!" + + "And who art thou, bold wight, I trow, + That would to Lady Isabel speak!" + "One who, long since shone as a prince, + And kiss'd her damask cheek: + But oh, my trusty sword has fail'd, + The cruel Paynim has prevail'd, + My lands are lost, my friends are few, + Trifles all, if my lady's true!" + "Poor prince! ah when did woman's truth, + Outlive the loss of lands and youth!" + + * * * * * + + +THE SKETCH-BOOK. + +THE SPLENDID ANNUAL. + +_By the Author of "Sayings and Doings_." + + +Literature, even in this literary age, is not the ordinary pursuit of +the citizens of London, although every merchant is necessarily a man of +letters, and underwriters are as common as cucumbers. Notwithstanding, +however, my being a citizen, I am tempted to disclose the miseries and +misfortunes of my life in these pages, because having heard the +"ANNIVERSARY" called a splendid annual, I hope for sympathy from its +readers, seeing that I have been a "_splendid annual_" myself. + +My name is Scropps--I _am_ an Alderman--I _was_ Sheriff--I _have been_ +Lord Mayor--and the three great eras of my existence were the year of my +shrievalty, the year of my mayoralty, and the year after it. Until I had +passed through this ordeal I had no conception of the extremes of +happiness and wretchedness to which a human being may be carried, nor +ever believed that society presented to its members an eminence so +exalted as that which I once touched, or imagined a fall so great as +that which I experienced. I came originally from that place to which +persons of bad character are said to be sent--I mean Coventry, where my +father for many years contributed his share to the success of +parliamentary candidates, the happiness of new married couples, and even +the gratification of ambitious courtiers, by taking part in the +manufacture of ribands for election cockades, wedding favours, and +cordons of chivalry; but trade failed, and, like his betters, he became +bankrupt, but, unlike his betters, without any consequent advantage to +himself; and I, at the age of fifteen, was thrown upon the world with +nothing but a strong constitution, a moderate education, and fifteen +shillings and eleven pence three farthings in my pocket. + +With these qualifications I started from my native town on a pedestrian +excursion to London; and although I fell into none of those romantic +adventures of which I had read at school, I met with more kindness than +the world generally gets credit for, and on the fourth day after my +departure, having slept soundly, if not magnificently, every night, and +eaten with an appetite which my mode of travelling was admirably +calculated to stimulate, reached the great metropolis, having preserved +of my patrimony, no less a sum than nine shillings and seven pence. + +The bells of one of the churches in the city were ringing merrily as I +descended the heights of Islington; and were it not that my patronymic +Scropps never could, under the most improved system of campanology, be +jingled into any thing harmonious, I have no doubt I, like my great +predecessor Whittington, might have heard in that peal a prediction of +my future exaltation; certain it is I did not; and, wearied with my +journey, I took up my lodging for the night at a very humble house near +Smithfield, to which I had been kindly recommended by the driver of a +return postchaise, of whose liberal offer of the moiety of his bar to +town I had availed myself at Barnet. + +As it is not my intention to deduce a moral from my progress in the +world at this period of my life, I need not here dilate upon the good +policy of honesty, or the advantages of temperance and perseverance, by +which I worked my way upwards, until after meriting the confidence of an +excellent master, I found myself enjoying it fully. To his business I +succeeded at his death, having several years before, with his sanction, +married a young and deserving woman, about my own age, of whose prudence +and skill in household matters I had long had a daily experience. + +To be brief, Providence blessed my efforts and increased my means; I +became a wholesale dealer in every thing, from barrels of gunpowder down +to pickled herrings; in the civic acceptation of the word I was a +merchant, amongst the vulgar I am called a dry-salter. I accumulated +wealth; with my fortune my family also grew, and one male Scropps, and +four female ditto, grace my board at least once in every week. + +Passing over the minor gradations of my life, the removal from one +residence to another, the enlargement of this warehouse, the rebuilding +of that, the anxiety of a canvass for common council man, activity in +the company of which I am liveryman, inquests, and vestries, and ward +meetings, and all the other pleasing toils to which an active citizen is +subject, let us come at once to the first marked epoch of my life--the +year of my Shrievalty. The announcement of my nomination and election +filled Mrs. S. with delight; and when I took my children to Great Queen +Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, to look at the gay chariot brushing up for +me, I confess I felt proud and happy to be able to show my progeny the +arms of London, those of the Spectacle Makers' Company, and those of the +Scroppses (recently found at a trivial expense) all figuring upon the +same panels. They looked magnificent upon the pea-green ground, and the +wheels, "white picked out crimson," looked so chaste, and the +hammercloth, and the fringe, and the festoons, and the Scropps' crests +all looked so rich, and the silk linings and white tassels, and the +squabs and the yellow cushions and the crimson carpet looked so +comfortable, that, as I stood contemplating the equipage, I said to +myself, "What have I done to deserve _this_?--O that my poor father were +alive to see his boy Jack going down to Westminster, to chop sticks and +count hobnails, in a carriage like this!" My children were like mad +things: and in the afternoon, when I put on my first new brown court +suit (lined, like my chariot, with white silk) and fitted up with cut +steel buttons, just to try the effect, it all appeared like a dream; the +sword, which I tried on every night for half an hour after I went up to +bed, to practise walking with it, was very inconvenient at first; but +use is second nature; and so by rehearsing and rehearsing, I made myself +perfect before that auspicious day when Sheriffs flourish and geese +prevail--namely, the twenty-ninth of September. + +The twelve months which followed were very delightful; for independently +of the _positive_ honour and _eclat_ they produced, I had the Mayoralty +in _prospectu_ (having attained my aldermanic gown by an immense +majority the preceding year), and as I used during the sessions to sit +in my box at the Old Bailey, with my bag at my back and my bouquet on my +book, my thoughts were wholly devoted to one object of contemplation; +culprits stood trembling to hear the verdict of a jury, and I regarded +them not; convicts knelt to receive the fatal fiat of the Recorder, and +I heeded not their sufferings, as I watched the Lord Mayor seated in the +centre of the bench, with the sword of justice stuck up in a goblet over +his head--there, thought I, if I live two years, shall _I_ sit--however, +even as it was, it was very agreeable. When executions, the chief +drawbacks to my delight, happened, I found, after a little seasoning, I +took the thing coolly, and enjoyed my toast and tea after the patients +were turned off, just as if nothing had happened; for, in _my_ time, we +hanged at eight and breakfasted at a quarter after, so that without much +hurry we were able to finish our muffins just in time for the cutting +down at nine. I had to go to the House of Commons with a petition, and +to Court with an address--trying situations for one of the +Scroppses--however, the want of state in parliament, and the very little +attention paid to us by the members, put me quite at my ease at +Westminster; while the gracious urbanity of our accomplished monarch on +his throne made me equally comfortable at St. James's. Still I was but a +secondary person, or rather only one of two secondary persons--the chief +of bailiffs and principal Jack Ketch; there _was_ a step to gain--and, +as I often mentioned in confidence to Mrs. Scropps, I was sure my heart +would never be still until I had reached the pinnacle. + +Behold at length the time arrived!--Guildhall crowded to excess--the +hustings thronged--the aldermen retire--they return--their choice is +announced to the people--it has fallen upon John Ebenezer Scropps, Esq., +Alderman and spectacle maker--a sudden shout is heard--"Scropps for +ever!" resounds--the whole assembly seems to vanish from my sight--I +come forward--am invested with the chain--I bow--make a speech--tumble +over the train of the Recorder, and tread upon the tenderest toe of Mr. +Deputy Pod--leave the hall in ecstasy, and drive home to Mrs. Scropps in +a state of mind bordering upon insanity. + +The days wore on, each one seemed as long as a week, until at length the +eighth of November arrived, and then did it seem certain that I should +be Lord Mayor--I was sworn in--the civic insignia were delivered to +me--I returned them to the proper officers--my chaplain was near me--the +esquires of my household were behind me--the thing was done--never shall +I forget the tingling sensation I felt in my ear when I was first called +"My Lord"--I even doubted if it were addressed to me, and hesitated to +answer--but it was so--the reign of splendour had begun, and, after +going through the accustomed ceremonies, I got home and retired to bed +early, in order to be fresh for the fatigues of the ensuing day. + +Sleep I did not--how was it to be expected?--Some part of the night I +was in consultation with Mrs. Scropps upon the different arrangements; +settling about the girls, their places at the banquet, and their +partners at the ball; the wind down the chimney sounded like the shouts +of the people; the cocks crowing in the mews at the back of the house I +took for trumpets sounding my approach; and the ordinary incidental +noises in the family I fancied the pop-guns at Stangate, announcing my +disembarkation at Westminster--thus I tossed and tumbled until the long +wished-for day dawned, and I jumped up anxiously to realize the visions +of the night. I was not long at my toilet--I was soon shaved and +dressed--but just as I was settling myself comfortably into my beautiful +brown broadcloth inexpressibles, crack went something, and I discovered +that a seam had ripped half a foot long. Had it been consistent with the +dignity of a Lord Mayor to swear, I should, I believe, at that moment, +have anathematized the offending tailor;--as it was, what was to be +done?--I heard trumpets in earnest, carriages drawing up and setting +down; sheriffs, and chaplains, mace bearers, train bearers, sword +bearers, water bailiffs, remembrancers, Mr. Common Hunt, the town clerk, +and the deputy town clerk, all bustling about--the bells ringing--and +_I_ late, with a hole in my inexpressibles! There was but one remedy--my +wife's maid, kind, intelligent creature, civil and obliging, and ready +to turn her hand to any thing, came to my aid, and in less than fifteen +minutes her activity, exerted in the midst of the confusion, repaired +the injury, and turned me out fit to be seen by the whole corporation of +London. + +When I was dressed, I tapped at Mrs. Scropps's door, went in, and asked +her if she thought I should do; the dear soul, after settling my point +lace frill (which she had been good enough to pick off her own petticoat +on purpose) and putting my bag straight, gave me the sweetest salute +imaginable. + +"I wish your lordship health and happiness," said she. + +"Sally," said I, "your ladyship is an angel;" and so, having kissed each +of my daughters, who were in progress of dressing, I descended the +stairs, to begin the auspicious day in which I reached the apex of my +greatness.--Never shall I forget the bows--the civilities--the +congratulations--sheriffs bending before me--the Recorder smiling--the +Common Sergeant at my feet--the pageant was intoxicating; and when, +after having breakfasted, I stepped into that glazed and gilded house +upon wheels, called the state coach, and saw my sword bearer pop himself +into one of the boots, with the sword of state in his hand, I was lost +in ecstasy, I threw myself back upon the seat of the vehicle with all +imaginable dignity, but not without damage, for in the midst of my ease +and elegance I snapped off the cut steel hilt of my sword, by +accidentally bumping the whole weight of my body right, or rather wrong, +directly upon the top of it. + +But what was a sword hilt or a bruise to _me_? I was _the_ Lord +Mayor--the greatest man of the greatest city of the greatest nation in +the world. The people realized my anticipations, and "Bravo, Scropps!" +and "Scropps for ever!" again resounded, as we proceeded slowly and +majestically towards the river, through a fog, which prevented our being +advantageously seen, and which got down the throat of the sword bearer, +who coughed incessantly during our progress, much to my annoyance, not +to speak of the ungraceful movements which his convulsive barkings gave +to the red velvet scabbard of the official glave as it stuck out of the +window of the coach. + +We embarked in _my_ barge; a new scene of splendour awaited me, guns, +shouts, music, flags, banners, in short, every thing that fancy could +paint or a water bailiff provide; there, in the gilded bark, was +prepared a cold collation--I ate, but tasted nothing--fowls, _pates_, +tongue, game, beef, ham, all had the same flavour; champagne, hock, and +Madeira were all alike to _me_--Lord Mayor was all I saw, all I heard, +all I swallowed; every thing was pervaded by the one captivating word, +and the repeated appeal to "my lordship" was sweeter than nectar. + +At Westminster, having been presented and received, I desired--I--John +Ebenezer Scropps, of Coventry--I desired the Recorder to invite the +judges to dine with me--I--who remember when two of the oldest and most +innocent of the twelve, came the circuit, trembling at the sight of +them, and believing them some extraordinary creatures upon whom all the +hair and fur I saw, grew naturally--I, not only to ask these formidable +beings to dine with me, but, as if I thought it beneath my dignity to do +so in my proper person, deputing a judge of my own to do it for me; I +never shall forget their bows in return--Chinese mandarins on a +chimney-piece are fools to them. + +Then came the return--we landed once more in the scene of my dignity--at +the corner of Fleet Street we found the Lady Mayoress waiting for the +procession--there she was--Sally Scropps (her maiden name was +Snob)--there was my own Sally, with a plume of feathers that half filled +the coach, and Jenny and Maria and young Sally, all with their backs to +_my_ horses, which were pawing the mud and snorting and smoking like +steam engines, with nostrils like safety valves, and four of _my_ +footmen hanging behind the coach, like bees in a swarm. There had not +been so much riband in my family since my poor father's failure at +Coventry--and yet how often, over and over again, although he had been +dead more than twenty years, did I, during that morning, in the midst of +my splendour, think of _him_, and wish that he could see me in my +greatness--yes, even in the midst of my triumph I seemed to defer to my +good, kind parent--in heaven, as I hope and trust--as if I were anxious +for _his_ judgment and _his_ opinion as to how I should perform the +arduous and manifold duties of the day. + +Up Ludgate Hill we moved--the fog grew thicker and thicker--but then the +beautiful women at the windows--those up high could only see my knees +and the paste buckles in my shoes; every now and then, I bowed +condescendingly to people I had never seen before, in order to show my +courtesy and my chain and collar, which I had discovered during the +morning shone the better for being shaken. + +At length we reached Guildhall--as I crossed the beautiful building, +lighted splendidly, and filled with well dressed company, and heard the +deafening shouts which rent the fane as I entered it, I really was +overcome--I retired to a private room--refreshed my dress, rubbed up my +chain, which the damp had tarnished, and prepared to receive my guests. +They came, and--shall I ever forget it?--dinner was announced; the bands +played "O the roast beef of Old England." Onwards we went, a Prince of +the blood, of the blood royal of my country, led out _my_ Sally--my own +Sally--the Lady Mayoress! the Lord High Chancellor handed out young +Sally--I saw it done--I thought I should have choked; the Prime Minister +took Maria; the Lord Privy Seal gave his arm to Jenny; and my wife's +mother, Mrs. Snob, was honoured by the protection of the Right +Honourable the Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench.--Oh, if my poor +father could have but seen _that_! + +It would be tiresome to dwell upon the pleasures of the happy year, thus +auspiciously begun, in detail; each month brought its delights, each +week its festival; public meetings under the sanction of the Right +Honourable the Lord Mayor; concerts and balls under the patronage of the +Lady Mayoress; Easter and its dinner, Blue-coat boys and buns; +processions here, excursions there.--Summer came, and then we had +swan-hopping _up_ the river, and white-baiting _down_ the river; Yantlet +Creek below, the navigation barge above; music, flags, streamers, guns, +and company; turtle every day in the week; peas at a pound a pint, and +grapes at a guinea a pound; dabbling in rosewater served in gold, not to +speak of the loving cup, with Mr. Common Hunt, in full dress, at my +elbow; my dinners were talked of, Ude grew jealous, and I was idolized. + +The days, which before seemed like weeks, were now turned to minutes: +scarcely had I swallowed my breakfast before I was in my justice-room; +and before I had mittimused half a dozen paupers for beggary, I was +called away to luncheon; this barely over, in comes a deputation or a +dispatch, and so on till dinner, which was barely ended before supper +was announced. We all became enchanted with the Mansion House; my girls +grew graceful by the confidence their high station gave them; Maria +refused a good offer because her lover chanced to have an ill sounding +name; we had all got settled in our rooms, the establishment had begun +to know and appreciate us; we had just become in fact easy in our +dignity and happy in our position, when lo and behold! the ninth of +November came again--the anniversary of my exaltation, the consummation +of my downfall. + +Again did we go in state to Guildhall, again were we toasted and +addressed, again were we handed in, and led out, again flirted with +cabinet ministers and danced with ambassadors, and at two o'clock in the +morning drove home from the scene of gaiety to our old residence in +Budge Row.--Never in this world did pickled herrings and turpentine +smell so powerfully as on that night when we entered the house; and +although my wife and the young ones stuck to the drinkables at +Guildhall, their natural feelings would have way, and a sort of +shuddering disgust seemed to fill their minds on their return home--the +passage looked so narrow--the drawing-rooms looked so small--the +staircase seemed so dark--our apartments appeared so low--however, being +tired, we all slept well, at least I did, for I was in no humour to talk +to Sally, and the only topic I could think upon before I dropped into my +slumber, was a calculation of the amount of expense which I had incurred +during the just expired year of my greatness. + +In the morning we assembled at breakfast--a note lay on the table, +addressed--"Mrs. Scropps, Budge Row." The girls, one after the other, +took it up, read the superscription, and laid it down again. A visiter +was announced--a neighbour and kind friend, a man of wealth and +importance--what were his first words?--they were the first I had heard +from a stranger since my job,--"How are you, Scropps, done up, eh?" + +Scropps! no obsequiousness, no deference, no respect;--no "my lord, I +hope your lordship passed an agreeable night--and how is her ladyship +and your lordship's amiable daughters?"--not a bit of it--"How's Mrs. S. +and the _gals_?" This was quite natural, all as it _had_ been, all +perhaps as it should be--but how unlike what it _was_, only one day +before! The very servants, who, when amidst the strapping, stall-fed, +gold-laced lacqueys of the Mansion House, (transferred with the chairs +and tables from one Lord Mayor to another) dared not speak nor look, nor +say their lives were their own, strutted about the house, and banged the +doors, and talked of their "_Missis_," as if she had been an apple +woman. + +So much for domestic miseries;--I went out--I was shoved about in +Cheapside in the most remorseless manner; my right eye had a narrow +escape of being poked out by the tray of a brawny butcher's boy, who, +when I civilly remonstrated, turned round, and said, "Vy, I say, who are +_you_, I vonder, as is so partiklar about your _hysight_." I felt an +involuntary shudder--to-day, thought I, I _am_ John Ebenezer +Scropps--two days ago I was Lord Mayor; and so the rencontre ended, +evidently to the advantage of the bristly brute. It was however too much +for me--the effect of contrast was too powerful, the change was too +sudden--and I determined to go to Brighton for a few weeks to refresh +myself, and be weaned from my dignity. + +We went--we drove to the Royal Hotel; in the hall stood one of his +Majesty's ministers, one of my former guests, speaking to his lady and +daughter: my girls passed close to him--he had handed one of them to +dinner the year before, but he appeared entirely to have forgotten her. +By and by, when we were going out in a fly to take the air, one of the +waiters desired the fly man to pull off, because Sir Something +Somebody's carriage could not come up--it was clear that the name of +Scropps had lost its influence. + +We secluded ourselves in a private house, where we did nothing but sigh +and look at the sea. We had been totally spoiled for our proper sphere, +and could not get into a better; the indifference of our inferiors +mortified us, and the familiarity of our equals disgusted us--our +potentiality was gone, and we were so much degraded that a puppy of a +fellow had the impertinence to ask Jenny if she was going to one of the +Old Ship balls. "Of course," said the coxcomb, "I don't mean the +'Almacks,' for they are uncommonly select." + +In short, do what we would, go where we might, we were outraged and +annoyed, or at least thought ourselves so; and beyond all bitterness was +the reflection, that the days of our dignity and delight never might +return. There were at Brighton no less than three men who called me +Jack, and _that_, out of flies or in libraries, and one of these, chose +occasionally, by way of making himself particularly agreeable, to +address me by the familiar appellation of Jacky. At length, and that +only three weeks after my fall, an overgrown tallow-chandler met us on +the Steyne, and stopped our party to observe, "as how he thought he owed +me for two barrels of coal tar, for doing over his pigsties." This +settled it--we departed from Brighton, and made a tour of the coast; but +we never rallied; and business, which must be minded, drove us before +Christmas to Budge Row, where we are again settled down. + +Maria has grown thin--Sarah has turned methodist--and Jenny, who danced +with his Excellency the Portuguese Ambassador, who was called angelic by +the Right Honourable the Lord Privy Seal, and who moreover refused a man +of fortune because he had an ugly name, is going to be married to +Lieutenant Stodge, on the half pay of the Royal Marines--and what +then?--I am sure if it were not for the females of my family I should be +perfectly at my ease in my proper sphere, out of which the course of our +civic constitution raised me. It was unpleasant at first:--but I have +toiled long and laboured hard; I have done my duty, and Providence has +blessed my works. If we were discomposed at the sudden change in our +station, I it is who was to blame for having aspired to honours which I +knew were not to last. However the ambition was not dishonourable, nor +did I disgrace the station while I held it; and when I see, as in the +present year, _that_ station filled by a man of education and talent, of +high character and ample fortune, I discover no cause to repent of +having been one of his predecessors. Indeed I ought to apologize for +making public the weakness by which we were all affected; especially as +I have myself already learned to laugh at what we all severely felt at +first--the miseries of a SPLENDID ANNUAL.--_Sharpe's London Magazine_. + + * * * * * + + + +SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS + + + * * * * * + + +A CHAPTER ON HEATHEN MYTHOLOGY + + + "Ut sunt divorum, Mars, Bacchus, Apollo." + _Latin Grammar_. + + Did you ever look + In Mr. Tooke, + For Homer's gods and goddesses? + The males in the air, + So big and so bare, + And the girls without their bodices. + + There was Jupiter Zeus, + Who play'd the deuce, + A rampant blade and a tough one; + But Denis bold, + Stole his coat of gold, + And rigg'd him out in a stuff one, + + Juno, when old, + Was a bit of a scold, + And rul'd Jove _jure divino_; + When he went gallivaunting, + His steps she kept haunting,[4] + And she play'd, too, the devil with Ino. + + Minerva bright + Was a blue-stocking wight, + Who lodg'd among the Attics; + And, like Lady V. + From the men did flee, + To study the mathematics. + + Great Mars, we're told, + Was a grenadier bold, + Who Vulcan sorely cuckold; + When to Rome he went, + He his children sent + To a she-wolf to be suckled. + + _Midas_. + + Sol, the rat-catcher,[5] + Was a great body-snatcher, + And with his bow and arrows + He _Burked_, through the trees, + Master Niobes, + As though they had been cock sparrows. + + Diana, his sister, + When nobody kiss'd her, + Was a saint, (at least a semi one,) + Yet the vixen Scandal + Made a terrible handle + Of her friendship for Eudymion. + + Full many a feat + Did Hercules neat, + The least our credit draws on; + Jesting Momus, so sly, + Said, "'Tis all my eye," + And he call'd him Baron Munchausen. + + Fair Bacchus's face + Many signs did grace, + (They were not painted by Zeuxis:) + Of his brewing trade + He a mystery made,[6] + Like our Calverts and our Meuxes. + + There was Mistress Venus, + (I say it between us,) + For virtue cared not a farden: + There never was seen + Such a drabbish quean + In the parish of Covent Garden. + + Hermes cunning + Poor Argus funning, + He made him drink like a buffer; + To his great surprise + Sew'd up all his eyes, + And stole away his heifer. + + A bar-maid's place + Was Hebe's grace, + Till Jupiter did trick her; + He turn'd her away, + And made Ganimede stay + To pour him out his liquor. + + Ceres in life + Was a farmer's wife, + But she doubtless kept a jolly house; + For Rumour speaks, + She was had by the Beaks + To swear her son Triptolemus.[7] + + Miss Proserpine + She thought herself fine, + But when all her plans miscarried, + She the Devil did wed, + And took him to bed, + Sooner than not be married. + + But the worst of the gods, + Beyond all odds, + It cannot be denied, oh! + Is that first of matchmakers, + That prince of housebreakers, + The urchin, Dan Cupido. + + _New Monthly Magazine_. + + [4] "I'll search out the haunts + Of your fav'rite gallants, + And into cows metamorphose 'em." + + [5] Apollo Smintheus. He destroyed a great many rats in Phrygia, + and was probably the first "rat-catcher to the King."--_Vet. + Schol_. + + [6] "Mystica vannus Isacchi." This was either a porter-brewer's + dray, or more probably the _Van_ of his druggist.--_Scriblerus_. + + [7] There is some difference of opinion concerning this fact: + the lady, like so many others in her interesting situation, + passed through the adventure under an _alias_. But that Ceres + and Terra were the same, no reasonable person will doubt: and + there can be no _serious_ objection to the little _trip_ being + thus ascribed to the goddess in question.--_Scriblerus_. + + * * * * * + + +"THE SEASON" IN TOWN. + + +_Theodore_.--I don't know how you could prevent people from living half +the year in town. + +_Tickler_.--I have no objection to their living half the year in town, +as you call it, if they can live in such a hell upon earth, of dust, +noise, and misery. Only think of the Dolphin water in the solar +microscope! + +_Theodore_.--I know nothing of the water of London personally. + +_Odoherty_.--Nor I; but I take it, we both have a notion of its brandy +and water. + +_Tickler_.--'Tis, in fact, their duty to be a good deal in London. But +I'll tell you what I do object to, and what I rather think are evils of +modern date, or at any rate, of very rapid recent growth. First, I +object to their living those months of the year in which it is _contra +bonos mores_ to be in London, not in their paternal mansions, but at +those little bastardly abortions, which they call watering-places--their +Leamingtons, their Cheltenhams, their Brighthelmstones. + +_Theodore_.--Brighton, my dear rustic Brighton! + +_Odoherty_.--Synopice. + +_Shepherd_.--What's your wull, Sir Morgan? It does no staun' wi' me. + +_Theodore_.--A horrid spot, certainly--but possessing large +conveniences, sir, for particular purposes. For example, sir, the +balcony on the drawing-room floor commonly runs on the same level all +round the square--which in the Brighthelmstonic dialect, sir, means a +three-sided figure. The advantage is obvious, + +_Shepherd_.--Och, sirs! och, sirs! what wull this world come to! + +_Theodore_.--The truth is, sir, that people _comme il faut_ cannot well +submit to the total change of society and manners implied in a removal +from Whitehall or Mayfair to some absurd old antediluvian chateau, sir, +boxed up among beeches and rooks. Sir, only think of the small Squires +with the red faces, sir, and the grand white waistcoats down to their +hips--and the dames, sir, with their wigs, and their simpers, and their +visible pockets--and the damsels, blushing things in white muslin, with +sky-blue sashes and ribbons, and mufflers and things--and the sons, sir, +the promising young gentlemen, sir--and the doctor, and the lawyer--and +the parson. So you disapprove of Brighton, Mr. Tickler? + +_Tickler_.--Brighthelmstone, when I knew it, was a pleasant fishing +village--what like it is now, I know not; but what I detest in the great +folks of your time, is, that insane selfishness which makes them prefer +any place, however abominable, where they can herd together in their +little exquisite coteries, to the noblest mansions surrounded with the +noblest domains, where they cannot exist without being more or less +exposed to the company of people not exactly belonging to their own +particular sect. How can society hang together long in a country where +the Corinthian capital takes so much pains to unrift itself from the +pillar? Now-a-day, sir, your great lord, commonly speaking, spends but a +month or six weeks in his ancestral abode; and even when he is there, he +surrounds himself studiously with a cursed town-crew, a pack of St. +James's Street fops, and Mayfair chatterers and intriguers, who give +themselves airs enough to turn the stomachs of the plain squirearchy and +their womankind, and render a visit to the castle a perfect nuisance. + +_Theodore (aside to Mullion.)_--A prejudiced old prig! + +_Tickler_.--They seem to spare no pains to show that they consider the +country as valuable merely for rent and game--the duties of the +magistracy are a bore--county meetings are a bore--a farce, I believe, +was the word--the assizes are a cursed bore--fox-hunting itself is a +bore, unless in Leicestershire, where the noble sportsmen, from all the +winds of heaven cluster together, and think with ineffable contempt of +the old-fashioned chase, in which the great man mingled with gentle and +simple, and all comers--sporting is a bore, unless in a regular +_battue_, when a dozen lordlings murder pheasants by the thousand, +without hearing the cock of one impatrician fowling-piece--except indeed +some dandy poet, or philosopher, or punster, has been admitted to make +sport to the Philistines. In short, every thing is a bore that brings +the dons into personal collision of any kind with people that don't +belong to the world. + +_Odoherty_.--The world is getting pretty distinct from the nation, I +admit, and I doubt if much love is lost between them.--_Blackwood's +Magazine_. + + * * * * * + + +THE HOPKINSONIAN JOKE. + + +My friend Hertford, walking one day near his own shop in Piccadilly, +happened to meet one Mr. Hopkinson, an eminent brewer, I believe--and +the conversation naturally enough turned upon some late dinner at the +Albion, Aldersgate Street--nobody appreciates a real city dinner better +than Monsieur le Marquess--and so on, till the old brewer mentioned, +_par hazard_, that he had just received a noble specimen of wild pig +from a friend in Frankfort, adding, that he had a very particular party, +God knows how many aldermen, to dinner--half the East India direction, I +believe--and that he was something puzzled touching the cookery. "Pooh!" +says Hertford, "send in your porker to my man, and he'll do it for you +_a merveille_." The brewer was a grateful man--the pork came and went +back again. Well, a week after my lord met his friend, and, by the way, +"Hopkinson," says he, "how did the boar concern go off?"--"O, +beautifully," says the brewer; "I can never sufficiently thank your +lordship; nothing could do better. We should never have got on at all +without your lordship's kind assistance."--"The thing gave satisfaction +then, Hopkinson?"--"O, great satisfaction, my lord marquess.--To be sure +we did think it rather queer at first--in fact, not being up to them +there things, we considered it as deucedly stringy--to say the truth, we +should never have thought of eating it cold."--"Cold!" says Hertford; +"did you eat the ham cold?"--"O dear, yes, my lord, to be sure we +did--we eat it just as your lordship's gentleman sent it."--"Why, my +dear Mr. Alderman," says Hertford, "my cook only prepared it for the +spit." Well, I shall never forget how the poor dear Duke of York +laughed!--_Ibid_. + + * * * * * + + + +THE GATHERER. + + + A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. + SHAKSPEARE. + + * * * * * + + +SEALING WAX AND WAFERS. + + +Francis Rousseau, a native of Auxerres, who travelled a long time in +Persia, Pegu, and other parts of the East Indies, and who, in 1692, +resided at St. Domingo, was the inventer of sealing-wax. A lady, of the +name of Longueville, made this wax known at court, and caused Louis +XIII. to use it; after which it was purchased and used throughout Paris. +By this article Rousseau, before the expiration of a year, gained 50,000 +livres. The oldest seal with a red wafer ever yet found, is on a letter +written by Dr. Krapf, at Spires, in the year 1624, to the government at +Bareuth. + + * * * * * + +I was in company some time since with George Colman, "the younger," as +the old fellow still styles himself. It was shortly after the death of +Mrs. ----, the wife of a popular actor, and at that time an unpopular +manager. Some one at table observed that, "Mr. ---- had suffered a loss +in the death of his wife, which he would not soon be able to make +up."--"I don't know how that may be," replied George, drily, "but to +tell you the truth, I don't think he has _quarrelled_ with his loss +yet."--_Monthly Mag_. + + * * * * * + + +SHERIDAN. + + +Bob Mitchell, one of Sheridan's intimate friends, and once in great +prosperity, became--like a great many other people, Sheridan's +creditor--in fact Sheridan owed Bob nearly three thousand pounds--this +circumstance amongst others contributed so very much to reduce Bob's +finances, that he was driven to great straits, and in the course of his +uncomfortable wanderings he called upon Sheridan; the conversation +turned upon his financial difficulties, but not upon the principal cause +of them, which was Sheridan's debt; but which of course, as an able +tactician, he contrived to keep out of the discussion; at last, Bob, in +a sort of agony, exclaimed--"I have not a guinea left, and by heaven I +don't know where to get one." Sheridan jumped up, and thrusting a piece +of gold into his hand, exclaimed with tears in his eyes--"It never shall +be said that Bob Mitchell wanted a guinea while his friend Sheridan had +one to give him."--_Sharpe's Magazine_. + + * * * * * + + +LINES + + +_On the window of Thorny Down Inn, about seven miles from Blandford, on +the Salisbury road_. + + Death, reader, pallid death!! with woe or bliss + Will shortly be thy lot. Think then, my friend, + Ere yet it be too late--what are thy hopes + And what thy anxious fears--when the thin veil + That keeps thy soul from seeing Israel's GOD + Shall drop. (Signed) [Greek: parepidemos]. + RURIS. + + * * * * * + +When Lord Ellenborough was Lord Chief Justice, a labouring bricklayer +was called as a witness; when he came up to be sworn his lordship said +to him-- + +"Really, witness, when you have to appear before this court, it is your +bounden duty to be more clean and decent in your appearance." + +"Upon my life," said the witness, "if your lordship comes to that, I'm +thinking I'm every bit as well dressed as your lordship." + +"How do you mean, sir," said his lordship, angrily. + +"Why, faith," said the labourer, "_you_ come here in _your_ working +clothes and _I'm_ come in _mine_."--_Sharpe's Mag_. + + * * * * * + + +FRIENDSHIP. + + +Dr. Johnson most beautifully remarks, that "When a friend is carried to +his grave, we at once find excuses for every weakness, and palliations +of every fault; we recollect a thousand endearments, which before glided +off our minds without impression, a thousand favours unrepaid, a +thousand duties unperformed, and wish, vainly wish for his return, not +so much that we may receive as that we may bestow happiness, and +recompense that kindness which before we never understood." + + * * * * * + + +HOT TUESDAY. + + +Derham, in his _Physico-Theology,_ says, "July 8th, 1707, (called for +some time after the _hot Tuesday,_) was so excessively hot and +suffocating, by reason there was no wind stirring, that divers persons +died, or were in great danger of death, in their harvest work. +Particularly one who had formerly been my servant, a healthy, lusty +young man, was killed by the heat; and several horses on the road +dropped down and died the same day." + +P.T.W. + + * * * * * + +_LIMBIRD'S EDITIONS_. + +CHEAP and POPULAR WORKS published at the MIRROR OFFICE in the Strand, +near Somerset House. + +The ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS. Embellished with nearly 150 +Engravings. Price 6s. 6d. boards. + +The TALES of the GENII. Price 2s. + +The MICROCOSM. By the Right Hon. G. Canning. &c. Price 2s. + +PLUTARCH'S LIVES, with Fifty Portraits, 2 vols. price 13s. boards. + +COWPER'S POEMS, with 12 Engravings, price 3s. 6d. boards. + +COOK'S VOYAGES, 2 vols. price 8s. boards. + +The CABINET of CURIOSITIES: or, Wonders of the World Displayed. Price +5s. boards. + +BEAUTIES of SCOTT. 2 vols. price 7s. boards. + +The ARCANA of SCIENCE for 1828. Price 4s. 6d. + +*** Any of the above Works can be purchased in Parts. + +GOLDSMITH'S ESSAYS. Price 8d. DR. FRANKLIN'S ESSAYS. Price 1s. 2d. +BACON'S ESSAYS Price 8d. SALMAGUNDI. Price 1s. 8d. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 380 *** + +***** This file should be named 11516.txt or 11516.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/1/5/1/11516/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Lazar Liveanu, David King, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + +Each eBook is in a subdirectory of the same number as the eBook's +eBook number, often in several formats including plain vanilla ASCII, +compressed (zipped), HTML and others. + +Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks replace the old file and take over +the old filename and etext number. The replaced older file is renamed. +VERSIONS based on separate sources are treated as new eBooks receiving +new filenames and etext numbers. + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + +EBooks posted prior to November 2003, with eBook numbers BELOW #10000, +are filed in directories based on their release date. If you want to +download any of these eBooks directly, rather than using the regular +search system you may utilize the following addresses and just +download by the etext year. + + https://www.gutenberg.org/etext06 + + (Or /etext 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00, 99, + 98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 92, 91 or 90) + +EBooks posted since November 2003, with etext numbers OVER #10000, are +filed in a different way. The year of a release date is no longer part +of the directory path. The path is based on the etext number (which is +identical to the filename). The path to the file is made up of single +digits corresponding to all but the last digit in the filename. For +example an eBook of filename 10234 would be found at: + + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/0/2/3/10234 + +or filename 24689 would be found at: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/6/8/24689 + +An alternative method of locating eBooks: + https://www.gutenberg.org/GUTINDEX.ALL + + |