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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, Vol. 13, Issue 371, May 23, 1829, by Various
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol. 13,
+Issue 371, May 23, 1829
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 6, 2004  [eBook #11487]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: US-ASCII
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE,
+AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION, VOL. 13, ISSUE 371, MAY 23, 1829***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, Margaret, and the Project Gutenberg
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
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+      See 11487-h.htm or 11487-h.zip:
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+      or
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+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. 13, NO. 371.] SATURDAY, MAY 23, 1829. [PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE FORTUNE PLAYHOUSE.
+
+
+[Illustration: The Fortune Playhouse.]
+
+
+The Engraving represents one of the playhouses of Shakspeare's time,
+as the premises appeared a few years since. This theatre was in Golden
+Lane, Barbican, and was built by that celebrated and benevolent actor
+Edward Alleyn, the pious founder of Dulwich College, in 1599. It was
+burnt in 1624, but rebuilt in 1629. A story is told of a large treasure
+being found in digging for the foundation, and it is probable that the
+whole sum fell to Alleyn. Upon equal probability, is the derivation of
+the name "The Fortune." The theatre was a spacious brick building, and
+exhibited the royal arms in plaster on its front. These are retained in
+the Engraving; where the disposal of the lower part on the building into
+shops, &c. is a sorry picture of the "base purposes" to which a temple
+of the Drama has been converted.
+
+According to the testimony of Ben Jonson and others, Alleyn was the
+first actor of his time, and of course played leading characters in the
+plays of Shakspeare and Jonson. He was probably the Kemble of his day,
+for his biographers tell us such was his celebrity, that he drew crowds
+of spectators after him wherever he performed; so that possessing some
+private patrimony, with a careful and provident disposition, he soon
+became master of an establishment of his own--and this was the
+_Fortune_. Although Alleyn left behind him a large sum, it is hardly
+probable that he made it here; for in his diary, which, we believe is
+extant, he records that he once had so slender an audience, that the
+whole receipts of the house amounted to no more than three pounds and a
+few odd shillings--a sum which would not pay the expenses; for it
+appears by the MS. of Lord Stanhope, treasurer to James I. that the
+customary sum paid for the performance of a play at court, was 20
+nobles, or 6l. 12s. 4d.[1] Alleyn was likewise proprietor of the
+Blackfriars' Theatre, near what is still called Playhouse Yard. However
+he might have gathered laurels on the stage, he must have gained his
+fortune by other means. He was keeper of the King's Bear Garden and
+Menagerie, which were frequented by thousands, and produced Alleyn, the
+then great sum of 500_l_. per annum. He was also thrice married, and
+received portions with his two first wives; and we need not insist upon
+the turn which matrimony gives to a man's fortune.
+
+
+    [1] The nightly expenses of Drury Lane and Covent Garden Theatres
+        in these days, are upwards of 200_l_.
+
+
+Among the theatrico-antiquarian gossip of _The Fortune_ is, that it was
+once the nursery for Henry VIII.'s children--but "no scandal about
+the"--we hope.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+FINE ARTS
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EXHIBITION OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY.
+
+
+All men are critics, in a greater or less degree. They can generalize
+upon the merits and defects of a picture, although they cannot point out
+the details of the defects, or in what the beauty of a picture consists;
+and to prove this, only let the reader visit the Exhibition at Somerset
+House, and watch the little critical _coteries_ that collect round the
+most attractive paintings. Could all these criticisms be embodied, but
+in "terms of art," what a fine lecture would they make for the Royal
+Academy.
+
+Our discursive notice would, probably, contribute but little to this
+joint-stock production; but as even comparing notes is not always
+unprofitable, we venture to give our own.
+
+The present Exhibition is much superior to that of last year. There are
+more works of imagination, and consequently greater attractions for the
+lover of painting; for life-breathing as have been many of the portraits
+in recent exhibitions, the interest which they created was of quite a
+different nature to that which we take in not a few of the pictures of
+the present collection. Portraits still superabound, and finely painted
+portraits too; but, strange to say, there are fewer female portraits in
+the present than in any recent exhibition.
+
+But the _elite_ are seven pictures by Mr. Wilkie, who has reappeared, as
+it were, in British art, after an absence from England; during which he
+appears to have studied manners and costume with beautiful effect; and
+the paintings to which we allude, are triumphant proofs of his success.
+They are embodiments or realizations of character, manners, and scenery,
+with which the painter has been wont to mix, and thus to transfer them
+to his canvass with vividness and fidelity--merits of the highest order
+in all successes of art. We shall touch upon these pictures in our
+ramble through the rooms--
+
+4. _Subject from the Revelations_.--F. Danby--A sublime composition.
+
+10. _The Fountain_: morning.--A.W. Callcott. A delightful picture.
+
+14. _Rubens and the Philosopher_.--G. Clint. The anecdote of Rubens and
+Brondel, the alchemist, remarkably well told.
+
+16. _Benaiah_.--W. Etty--The line in 2 Samuel xxiii. 20., "he slew two
+lion-like men of Moab," has furnished Mr. Etty with the subject of this
+picture. It is a surprising rather than a pleasing composition; but the
+strength of colouring is very extraordinary. The disproportions of parts
+of the principal figure will, however, be recognised by the most casual
+beholder: although as a fine display of muscular energy, this picture is
+truly valuable, and is a proud specimen of the powerful genius of the
+painter.
+
+28. _Waterfall near Vatlagunta, in the peninsula of India, in the
+mountains that divide the Coasts of Coromandel and Malabar: its height
+between 500 and 600 feet_.--W. Daniell.--The sublime and stupendous
+character of the scenery will enable the reader to form some idea of the
+difficulty with which the artist had to contend.
+
+43. _The Lady in St. Swithin's Chair_ from vol. i. Waverley.--Sir W.
+Beechey.--We confess ourselves far from pleased with this picture. There
+is a want of freedom in it which is any thing but characteristic of the
+incident which it is intended to portray.
+
+56. _The Spanish Posado_.--D. Wilkie.--We must describe this picture in
+the words of the catalogue:--
+
+This represents a Guerrilla council of war, at which three reverend
+fathers--a Dominican, a monk of the Escurial, and a Jesuit, are
+deliberating on some expedient of national defence, with an emissary in
+the costume of Valencia. Behind them is the posadera, or landlady,
+serving her guests with chocolate, and the begging student of Salamanca,
+with his lexicon and cigar, making love to her. On the right of the
+picture, a contrabandist of Bilboa enters, upon his mule, and in front
+of him is an athletic Castilian armed, and a minstrel dwarf, with a
+Spanish guitar. On the floor are seated the goatherd and his sister,
+with the muzzled house-dog and pet lamb of the family, and through the
+open portal in the background is a distant view of the Guadarama
+mountains--It is next to impossible for us to do justice to the
+diversified character of this picture. The deliberation of the fathers,
+and the little bit of episode between the landlady and student are
+extremely interesting.
+
+(_To be continued._)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SPITTLE-FIELDS, AND WEAVING IN FORMER DAYS.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Stowe says, "On the east side of the churchyard of St. Mary Spittle,
+lyeth a large field, of old time called _Lolesworth_, now
+_Spittle-Field_, which about the year 1576, was broken up for clay to
+make bricke; in digging thereof many earthen pots called urnae, were
+found full of ashes and the bones of men, to wit of the Romans that
+inhabited here. For it was the custom of the Romans to burne their dead,
+to put their ashes in an urne, and then bury the same with certain
+ceremonies, in some field appointed for the purpose neere unto their
+city. Every one of these pots had in them (with the ashes of the dead)
+one piece of copper money, with an inscription of the emperor then
+reigning. Some of them were of Claudius, some of Vespasian, some of
+Nero, &c. There hath also been found (in the same field) divers coffins
+of stone, containing the bones of men; these I suppose to be the bones
+of some speciall persons, in the time of the Brittons, or Saxons, after
+that the Romans had left to govern here.
+
+"The priory and hospital of St. Mary Spittle, was founded (says Pennant)
+in 1197, by Walter Brune, Sheriff of London, and his wife, Rosia, for
+canons regular of the order of St. Augustine. It was remarkable for its
+pulpit cross, at which a preacher used to preach a sermon consolidated
+out of four others, which had been preached at St. Paul's Cross, on Good
+Friday, and the Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday in Easter week; giving
+afterwards a sermon of his own. At these sermons the mayor and aldermen
+attended, dressed in different coloured robes on each occasion. This
+custom continued till the destruction of church government in the civil
+wars. They have since been transferred to St. Bride's Church. Queen
+Elizabeth, in April, 1559, visited St. Mary Spittal, in great state,
+probably to hear a sermon delivered from the cross. This princess was
+attended by a thousand men in harness with shirts of mail and corslets,
+and morice pikes, and ten great pieces carried through London unto the
+court, with drums and trumpets sounding, and two morice-dancers, and in
+a cart two white bears."
+
+The priory of St. Mary, of St. Mary Spittle, contained at its
+dissolution, about the year 1536, no less than 180 beds for the
+reception of sick persons and travellers. Richard Tarleton, the famous
+comedian, at the Curtain Theatre, it is said, "kept an ordinary in
+Spittle-fields, pleasant fields for the citizens to walk in;" and the
+row called Paternoster Row, as the name implies, was formerly a few
+houses, where they sold rosaries, relics, &c. The once celebrated
+herbalist and astrologer, Nicholas Culpepper, was another inhabitant of
+this spot. He died in 1654, in a house he had some time occupied, very
+pleasantly situated in the fields; but now a public house at the corner
+of Red Lion Court, Red Lion Street, east of Spittlefields market. The
+house, though it has undergone several repairs, still exhibits the
+appearance of one of those that formed a part of old London. The weaving
+art, which has arrived at such an astonishing perfection, was patronized
+by the wise and liberal Edward III., who encouraged the art by the most
+advantageous offers of reward and encouragement to weavers who would
+come and settle in England. In 1331, two weavers came from Brabant and
+settled at York. The superior skill and dexterity of these men, who
+communicated their knowledge to others, soon manifested itself in the
+improvement and spread of the art of weaving in this island. Many
+Flemish weavers were driven from their native country by the cruel
+persecutions of the Duke d'Alva, in 1567. They settled in different
+parts of England, and introduced and promoted the manufacture of baizes,
+serges, crapes, &c. The arts of spinning, throwing, and weaving silk,
+were brought into England about the middle of the fifteenth century, and
+were practised by a company of women in London, called silk women. About
+1480, men began to engage in the silk manufacture, and in the year 1686,
+nearly 50,000 manufacturers, of various descriptions, took refuge in
+England, in consequence of the revocation of the Edict of Nantz, by
+Louis le Grand, who sent thousands (says Pennant) of the most
+industrious of his subjects into this kingdom to present his bitterest
+enemies with the arts and manufactures of his kingdom; hence the origin
+of the silk trade in Spittlefields.
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE BIRD OF THE TOMB.
+
+BY LEIGH CLIFFE.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+In "Lyon's attempt to reach Repulse Bay," the following passage, which
+suggested these verses, may be met with. "Near the large grave was a
+third pile of stones, covering the body of a child. A Snow-Buntin (the
+Red-Breast of the Arctic Regions) had found its way through the loose
+stones which composed this little tomb, and its now forsaken, neatly
+built nest, was found placed on the neck of the child."
+
+
+  Beneath the chilly Arctic clime,
+  Where Nature reigns severe, sublime,
+  Enthron'd upon eternal snows,
+  Or rides the waves on icy floes--
+  Where fierce tremendous tempests sweep
+  The bosom of the rolling deep,
+  And beating rain, and drifting hail
+  Swell the wild fury of the gale;
+  There is a little, humble tomb,
+    Not deckt with sculpture's pageant pride,
+  Nor labour'd verse to tell by whom
+    The habitant was lov'd who died!
+  No trophied 'scutcheon marks the grave--
+  No blazon'd banners round it wave--
+  'Tis but a simple pile of stones
+  Rais'd o'er a hapless infant's bones;
+  Perchance a mother's tears have dew'd
+  This sepulchre, so frail and rude;--
+  A father mourn'd in accents wild,
+  His offspring lost--his only child--
+  Who might, in after years, have spread
+  A ray of honour round his head,
+  Nor thought, as stone on stone he threw,
+  His child would meet a stranger's view.
+
+  But, lo! upon its clay-cold breast,
+  The Arctic Robin rais'd its nest,
+  And rear'd its little fluttering young,
+    Where Death in awful quiet slept,
+  And fearless chirp'd, and gaily sung
+    Around the babe its parents wept.
+  It was the guardian of the grave,
+    And thus its chirping seem'd to say:--
+  "Tho' naught from Death's chill grasp could save,
+    Tho' naught could chase his power away--
+  As round this humble spot I wing,
+  My thrilling voice shall daily sing
+  A requiem o'er the faded flower,
+  That bloom'd and wither'd in an hour,
+  And prov'd life is, in every view,
+  Naught but a rose-bud twin'd with rue.
+  A blossom born at day's first light,
+  And fading with the earliest night;
+  Nor stranger's step, nor shrieking loom,
+  Shall scare the warbler from the tomb'"
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CURING THE "KING'S EVIL."
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+
+About five miles from Sturminster Newton, and near the village of
+Hazlebury, resides a Dr. B----, who has attained a reputation, far
+extended, for curing, in a miraculous manner, the king's evil; and as
+the method he employs is very different from that of most modern
+practitioners, a short account of it may, perhaps, be acceptable to the
+readers of the MIRROR.
+
+I had long known that the doctor used some particular season for his
+operations, but was unable to say precisely the time, until a few days
+since I had a conversation with a person who is well acquainted with the
+doctor and his yearly "_fair, or feast_," as it is termed. Exactly
+twenty-four hours before the new moon, in the month of May, every year,
+whether it happens by night or by day, the afflicted persons assemble at
+the doctor's residence, where they are supplied, by him, with the hind
+legs of a _toad!_ yes, gentle reader a toad--don't start--enclosed in a
+small bag (accompanied, I believe, with some verbal charm, or
+incantation,) and also a lotion and salve of the doctor's preparation.
+The bag containing the legs of the reptile is worn suspended from the
+neck of the patient, and the lotion and salve applied in the usual
+manner, until the cure is completed, or until the next year's "_fair_."
+
+One would think that such a mysterious routine of doctoring, would
+attract but few, and those the most illiterate; but I can assure my
+readers the case is different. The number of carts, chaises, and other
+conveyances laden with the afflicted which passed through this place on
+the 2nd instant, bore ample testimony to the number of the doctor's
+applicants; and the appearance of many of them corroborated the opinion
+that they moved in a respectable sphere of life.
+
+The new moon happening this year on the 3rd instant, at 57 minutes past
+7 o'clock in the morning, the "fair" took place at the same hour the
+preceding day.
+
+My readers, no doubt, have heard of the efficacy of the stone in the
+toad's head, alluded to by Shakspeare,[2] for curing the cramp, &c. by
+application to the afflicted part; but it was left for Dr. B---- to
+discover the virtues of a toad's leg. Apropos, an eccentric friend of
+mine, once gravely told me he intended to procure this precious Bufonian
+jewel; and as probably some reader may feel a wish to possess it, I will
+furnish him with the proper method of obtaining it, as communicated by
+my scientific friend. Voici--Cut off poor bufo's head and enclose it in
+a small box pierced with many holes; place it in an ant hill, and let it
+remain some ten or twelve days, in which time, or a little longer, the
+ants will have entered and eaten up every part except the stone. RURIS.
+
+
+    [2] "Sweet are the uses of Adversity,
+        Which, like a toad, ugly and venomous,
+        Wears yet, a precious jewel in his head."
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+"THE MORNING STAR."
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+  Queen of celestial beauty! Morning Star!
+    Accept a humble bard's untut'red lay;
+  To him, thy loveliness, surpasseth far
+    The silv'ry moon, and eke the God of day.
+  The world with all its pride cannot display
+    A form so fair, so beautiful as thine;
+  Its glories fade, its proudest beauties die;
+    But you fair star! as first created shine,
+  In never fading immortality!
+  Like vice, from virtue's glance, yon clouds retire,
+    Before the smile of one benignant ray,
+  Sleepless and sad, my soul would fain aspire,
+  Promethean like, to snatch ethereal fire,
+    And draw relief from thee! bright harbinger of day!
+
+
+JNO. JONES.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SKETCH-BOOK
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SCHINDERHANNES, THE GERMAN ROBBER.
+
+
+At the commencement of the French Revolution, and for some time after,
+the two banks of the Rhine were the theatre of continual wars. Commerce
+was interrupted, industry destroyed, the fields ravaged, and the barns
+and cottages plundered; farmers and merchants became bankrupts, and
+journeymen and labourers thieves. Robbery was the only mechanical art
+which was worth pursuing, and the only exercises followed were assault
+and battery. These enterprises were carried on at first by individuals
+trading on their own capital of skill and courage; but when the French
+laws came into more active operation in the seat of their exploits,
+the desperadoes formed themselves, for mutual protection, into
+copartnerships, which were the terror of the country. Men soon arose
+among them whose talents, or prowess, attracted the confidence of
+their comrades, and chiefs were elected, and laws and institutions
+established. Different places of settlement were chosen by different
+societies; the famous Pickard carried his band into Belgium and Holland;
+while on the confines of Germany, where the wild provinces of Kirn,
+Simmerm, and Birkenfield offered a congenial field, the banditti were
+concentrated, whose last and most celebrated chief, the redoubted
+Schinderhannes, is the subject of this brief notice.
+
+His predecessors, indeed, Finck, Peter the Black, Zughetto, and Seibert
+were long before renowned among those who square their conduct by the
+good old rule of clubs; they were brave men, and stout and pitiless
+robbers. But Schinderhannes, the boldest of the bold, young, active
+and subtle, converted the obscure exploits of banditti into the
+comparatively magnificent ravages of "the outlaw and his men;" and
+sometimes marched at the head of sixty or eighty of his troop to the
+attack of whole villages. Devoted to pleasure, no fear ever crossed him
+in its pursuit; he walked publicly with his mistress, a beautiful girl
+of nineteen, in the very place which the evening before had been the
+scene of one of his criminal exploits; he frequented the fairs and
+taverns, which were crowded with his victims; and such was the terror
+he had inspired, that these audacious exposures were made with perfect
+impunity. Free, generous, handsome, and jovial, it may even be conceived
+that sometime he gained the protection from love which could not have
+been extorted by force.
+
+It is scarcely a wonder that with the admirable regulations of the
+robbers, they should have succeeded even to so great an extent as they
+did in that unsettled country. Not more than two or three of them were
+allowed to reside in the same town or village; they were scattered over
+the whole face of the district, and apparently connected with each other
+only by some mysterious free-masonry of their craft. When a blow was
+to be struck, a messenger was sent round by the chief to warn his
+followers; and at the mustering place the united band rose up, like the
+clan of Roderick Dhu from the heather, to disappear as suddenly again
+in darkness when the object was accomplished. Their clothing, names and
+nations were changed perpetually; a Jew broker at Cologne would figure
+some days after at Aix-la-Chapelle or Spa as a German baron, or a Dutch
+merchant, keeping open table, and playing a high game; and the next week
+he might be met with in a forest at the head of his troop. Young and
+beautiful women were always in their suite, who, particularly in the
+task of obtaining or falsifying passports, did more by their address
+than their lovers could have effected by their courage. Spies,
+principally Jews, were employed throughout the whole country, to give
+notice where a booty might be obtained. Spring and autumn were the
+principal seasons of their harvest; in winter the roads were almost
+impassable, and in summer the days were too long; the light of the moon,
+in particular, was always avoided, and so were the betraying foot prints
+in the snow. They seldom marched in a body to the place of attack, but
+went thither two or three in a party, some on foot, some on horseback,
+and some even in carriages. As soon as they had entered a village, their
+first care was to muffle the church bell, so as to prevent an alarm
+being rung; or to commence a heavy fire, to give the inhabitants an
+exaggerated idea of their numbers, and impress them with the feeling
+that it would be more prudent to stay at home than to venture out into
+the fray.
+
+John Buckler, _alias_ Schinderhannes, the worthy whose youthful arm
+wielded with such force a power constituted in this manner, was the son
+of a currier, and born at Muhlen, near Nastoeten, on the right bank of
+the Rhine. The family intended to emigrate to Poland, but on the way the
+father entered the Imperial service at Olmutz, in Moravia. He deserted,
+and his wife and child followed him to the frontiers of Prussia, and
+subsequently the travellers took up their abode again in the environs
+of the Rhine.
+
+At the age of fifteen, Schinderhannes commenced his career of crime by
+spending a louis, with which he had been entrusted, in a tavern. Afraid
+to return home, he wandered about the fields till hunger compelled him
+to steal a horse, which he sold. Sheep stealing was his next vocation,
+but in this he was caught and transferred to prison. He made his escape,
+however, the first night, and returned in a very business-like manner to
+receive two crowns which were due to him on account of the sheep he had
+stolen. After being associated with the band as their chief, he went to
+buy a piece of linen, but thinking, from the situation of the premises,
+that it might be obtained without any exchange of coin on his part, he
+returned the same evening, and stealing a ladder in the neighbourhood,
+placed it at a window of the warehouse, and got in. A man was writing in
+the interior, but the robber looked at him steadily, and shouldering his
+booty, withdrew. He was taken a second time, but escaped as before on
+the same night.
+
+His third escape was from a dark and damp vault in the prison of
+Schneppenbach, where, having succeeded in penetrating to the kitchen,
+he tore an iron bar from the window by main force, and leaped out at
+hazard. He broke his leg in the fall, but finding a stick, managed
+to drag himself along, in the course of three nights, to Birkenmuhl,
+without a morsel of food, but on the contrary, having left some ounces
+of skin and flesh of his own on the road.
+
+Marianne Schoeffer was the first avowed mistress of Schinderhannes.
+She was a young girl of fourteen, of ravishing beauty, and always
+"se mettait avec une elegance extreme." Blacken Klos, one of the band,
+an unsuccessful suitor of the lady, one day, after meeting with a
+repulse, out of revenge carried off her clothes. When the outrage was
+communicated to Schinderhannes, he followed the ruffian to a cave where
+he had concealed himself, and slew him. It was Julia Blaesius, however,
+who became the permanent companion of the young chief. The account
+given by her of the manner in which she was united to the destiny of the
+robber is altogether improbable. A person came to her, she said, and
+mentioned that somebody wished to speak to her in the forest of Dolbach;
+she kept the assignation, and found there a handsome young man who told
+her that she must follow him--an invitation which she was obliged at
+length by threats to accede to. It appears sufficiently evident,
+however, that the personal attractions of Schinderhannes, who was then
+not twenty-two, had been sufficient of themselves to tempt poor Julia
+to her fate, and that of her own accord
+
+
+  "She fled to the forest to hear a love tale."
+
+
+It may be, indeed, as she affirmed, that she was at first ignorant of
+the profession of her mysterious lover, who might address her somewhat
+in the words of the Scottish free-booter--
+
+
+  "A lightsome eye, a soldier's mien--
+  A bonnet of the blue,
+  A doublet of the Lincoln green,
+  'Twas all of me you knew."
+
+
+But it is known that afterwards she even accompanied him personally in
+some of his adventures dressed in men's clothes.
+
+The robberies of this noted chief became more audacious and extensive
+every day, and at last he established a kind of "black mail" among the
+Jews, at their own request. Accompanied one day by only two of his
+comrades, he did not hesitate to attack a cavalcade of forty-five Jews
+and five Christian peasants. The booty taken was only two bundles of
+tobacco, the robbers returning some provisions on a remonstrance from
+one of the Jews, who pleaded poverty. Schinderhannes then ordered them
+to take off their shoes and stockings, which he threw into a heap,
+leaving to every one the care of finding his own property. The affray
+that ensued was tremendous; the forty-five Jews who had patiently
+allowed themselves to be robbed by three men, fought furiously with each
+other about their old shoes; and the robber, in contempt of their
+cowardice, gave his carbine to one of them to hold while he looked on.
+
+His daring career at length drew to a close, and he and his companions
+were arrested by the French authorities, and brought to trial. The
+chief, with nineteen others, were condemned to death in November, 1803,
+and Julia Blaesius to two years' imprisonment. The former met his fate
+with characteristic intrepidity, occupied to the last moment with his
+cares about Julia and his father.--_From the Foreign Quarterly
+Review.--An excellent work_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+RESTROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+OLD MANSIONS.
+
+
+We are in the habit of passing by our old stone manor houses without
+knowing that they were important village fortresses, and substitutes for
+castles. That this is the fact is beyond all doubt, for Margaret Paston,
+writing to Sir John, says, "Ry't w'chipful hwsbond, I recomawnd to zw
+and prey zw to gete some crosse bowis and wydses (windlasses to strain
+cross-bows,) and quarrels (arrows with square heads) for zr howsis her
+ben low, yat yer may non man schet owt wt no long bowe." From hence we
+learn that the service of the long bow was connected with elevation in
+the building.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LEGAL CRUSHING TO DEATH.
+
+
+At the assizes in Sussex, August, 1735, a man who pretended to be dumb
+and lame, was indicted for a barbarous murder and robbery. He had been
+taken up upon suspicion, several spots of blood, and part of the
+property being found upon him. When he was brought to the bar, he would
+not speak or plead, though often urged to it, and the sentence to be
+inflicted on such as stand mute, read to him, in vain. Four or five
+persons in the court, swore that they had heard him speak, and the boy
+who was his accomplice, and apprehended, was there to be a witness
+against him; yet he continued mute; whereupon he was carried back to
+Horsham gaol, to be pressed to death, if he would not plead--when they
+laid on him 100 weight, then added 100 more, and he still continued
+obstinate; they then added 100 more, which made 300 lb. weight, yet he
+would not speak; 50 lb. more was added, when he was nearly dead, having
+all the agonies of death upon him; then the executioner, who weighed
+about 16 or 17 stone, laid down upon the board which was over him, and,
+adding to the weight, killed him in an instant. G.K.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LATE INSTRUCTION.
+
+
+Socrates in his old age, learned to play upon a musical instrument.
+Cato, aged 80, began to learn Greek; and Plutarch, in his old age,
+acquired Latin. John Gelida, of Valentia, in Spain, did not begin the
+study of _belles-lettres_, until he was 40 years old.
+
+Henry Spelman, having in his youth neglected the sciences, resumed them
+at the age of 50, with extraordinary success.
+
+Fairfax, after having been the general of the parliamentary army in
+England, went to Oxford, and took his degree as Doctor-of-Law. Colbert,
+when minister, and almost 60 years of age, returned to his Latin and his
+law, in a situation where the neglect of one, if not both, might have
+been thought excusable; and Mons. Le Tellier, chancellor of France,
+reverted to the learning of logic that he might dispute with his
+grand-children.
+
+Sir John Davies, at the age of 25, produced a poem on "The Immortality
+of the Soul," and in his 62nd year, as Mr. Thomas Campbell facetiously
+observes, when a judge and a statesman, another on _dancing_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE NOVELIST.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANNE OF GEIERSTEIN.
+
+
+[As Sir Walter Scott's new work has not reached us in time to enable us
+to fill in the outline of the story in our present Number, we give a few
+sketchy extracts, or portraits,--such as will increase the interest for
+the appearance of the Narrative.
+
+There are some admirable specimens of Swiss scenery, which have the
+effect of sublime painting: witness the following attempt of two
+travellers, father and son, who with their guide, are bewildered in the
+mountains by a sudden storm. The younger attempts to scale a broken path
+on the side of the precipice:]
+
+Thus estimating the extent of his danger by the measure of sound sense
+and reality, and supported by some degree of practice in such exercise,
+the brave youth went forward on his awful journey, step by step, winning
+his way with a caution, and fortitude, and presence of mind, which alone
+could have saved him from instant destruction. At length he gained a
+point where a projecting rock formed the angle of the precipice, so far
+as it had been visible to him from the platform. This, therefore, was
+the critical point of his undertaking; but it was also the most perilous
+part of it. The rock projected more than six feet forward over the
+torrent, which he heard raging at the depth of a hundred yards beneath,
+with a noise like subterranean thunder. He examined the spot with the
+utmost care, and was led by the existence of shrubs, grass, and even
+stunted trees, to believe that this rock marked the farthest extent of
+the slip, or slide of earth, and that, could he but round the angle of
+which it was the termination, he might hope to attain the continuation
+of the path which had been so strangely interrupted by this convulsion
+of nature. But the crag jutted out so much as to afford no possibility
+of passing either under or around it; and as it rose several feet above
+the position which Arthur had attained, it was no easy matter to climb
+over it. This was, however, the course which he chose, as the only mode
+of surmounting what he hoped might prove the last obstacle to his voyage
+of discovery. A projecting tree afforded him the means of raising and
+swinging himself up to the top of the crag. But he had scarcely planted
+himself on it, had scarcely a moment to congratulate himself, on seeing,
+amid a wild chaos of cliffs and woods, the gloomy ruins of Geierstein,
+with smoke arising, and indicating something like a human habitation
+beside them, when, to his extreme terror, he felt the huge cliff on
+which he stood tremble, stoop slowly forward, and gradually sink from
+its position. Projecting as it was, and shaken as its equilibrium had
+been by the recent earthquake, it lay now so insecurely poised, that its
+balance was entirely destroyed, even by the addition of the young man's
+weight. Aroused by the imminence of the danger, Arthur, by an
+instinctive attempt at self-preservation, drew cautiously back from the
+falling crag into the tree by which he had ascended, and turned his head
+back as if spell-bound, to watch the descent of the fatal rock from
+which he had just retreated. It tottered for two or three seconds, as if
+uncertain which way to fall; and had it taken a sidelong direction, must
+have dashed the adventurer from his place of refuge, or borne both the
+tree and him headlong down into the river. After a moment of horrible
+uncertainty, the power of gravitation determined a direct and forward
+descent. Down went the huge fragment, which must have weighed at least
+twenty tons, rending and splintering in its precipitate course the trees
+and bushes which it encountered, and settling at length in the channel
+of the torrent, with a din equal to the discharge of a hundred pieces of
+artillery. The sound was re-echoed from bank to bank, from precipice to
+precipice, with emulative thunders; nor was the tumult silent till it
+rose into the region of eternal snows, which, equally insensible to
+terrestrial sounds, and unfavourable to animal life, heard the roar in
+their majestic solitude, but suffered it to die away without a
+responsive voice.
+
+The solid rock had trembled and rent beneath his footsteps; and
+although, by an effort rather mechanical than voluntary, he had
+withdrawn himself from the instant ruin attending its descent, he felt
+as if the better part of him, his firmness of mind and strength of body,
+had been rent away with the descending rock, as it fell thundering,
+with clouds of dust and smoke, into the torrents and whirlpools of the
+vexed gulf beneath. In fact, the seaman swept from the deck of a wrecked
+vessel, drenched in the waves, and battered against the rocks on
+the shore, does not differ more from the same mariner, when, at the
+commencement of the gale, he stood upon the deck of his favourite
+ship, proud of her strength and his own dexterity, than Arthur, when
+commencing his journey, from the same Arthur, while clinging to the
+decayed trunk of an old tree, from which, suspended between heaven and
+earth, he saw the fall of the crag which he had so nearly accompanied.
+The effects of his terror, indeed, were physical as well as moral, for
+a thousand colours played before his eyes; he was attacked by a sick
+dizziness, and deprived at once of the obedience of those limbs which
+had hitherto served him so admirably; his arms and hands, as if no
+longer at his own command, now clung to the branches of the tree, with a
+cramp-like tenacity, over which he seemed to possess no power, and now
+trembled in a state of such complete nervous relaxation, as led him to
+fear that they were becoming unable to support him longer in his
+position.
+
+[We must leave the reader here, although in dire suspense--and we regret
+to do so, because a beautiful incident follows--to give the following
+exquisite sketch of the heroine--a Swiss maiden. We will endeavour to
+connect these passages with our abridgment of the narrative.]
+
+An upper vest, neither so close as to display the person--a habit
+forbidden by the sumptuary laws of the canton--nor so loose as to be an
+encumbrance in walking or climbing, covered a close tunic of a different
+colour, and came down beneath the middle of the leg, but suffered the
+ancle, in all its fine proportions, to be completely visible. The foot
+was defended by a sandal, the point of which was turned upwards, and the
+crossings and knots of the strings which secured it on the front of the
+leg were garnished with silver rings. The upper vest was gathered round
+the middle by a sash of parti-coloured silk, ornamented with twisted
+threads of gold; while the tunic, open at the throat, permitted the
+shape and exquisite whiteness of a well-formed neck to be visible at the
+collar, and for an inch or two beneath. The small portion of the throat
+and bosom thus exposed was even more brilliantly fair than was promised
+by the countenance, which last bore some marks of having been freely
+exposed to the sun and air--by no means in a degree to diminish its
+beauty, but just so far as to show that the maiden possessed the health
+which is purchased by habits of rural exercise. Her long, fair hair fell
+down in a profusion of curls on each side of a face whose blue eyes,
+lovely features, and dignified simplicity of expression, implied at once
+a character of gentleness, and of the self-relying resolution of a mind
+too virtuous to suspect evil, and too noble to fear it. Above these
+locks beauty's natural and most beseeming ornament--or rather, I should
+say, amongst them--was placed the small bonnet, which, from its size,
+little answered the purpose of protecting the head, but served to
+exercise the ingenuity of the fair wearer, who had not failed, according
+to the prevailing custom of the mountain maidens, to decorate the tiny
+cap with a heron's feather, and the then unusual luxury of a small and
+thin chain of gold, long enough to encircle the cap four or five times,
+and having the ends secured under a broad medal of the same costly
+metal. I have only to add, that the stature of the young person was
+something above the common size, and that the whole contour of her form,
+without being in the slightest degree masculine, resembled that of
+Minerva, rather than the proud beauties of Juno, or the yielding graces
+of Venus. The noble brow, the well-formed and active limbs, the firm and
+yet light step; above all, the total absence of any thing resembling the
+consciousness of personal beauty, and the open and candid look, which
+seemed desirous of knowing nothing that was hidden, and conscious that
+she herself had nothing to hide, were traits not unworthy of the goddess
+of wisdom and of chastity.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR, AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FRENCH COOKERY AND CONFECTIONERY.
+
+
+Monsieur Ude, who is, unquestionably, the prince of gastronomers, has
+just published the tenth edition of his _French Cook_, of which, line
+upon line, we may say, _Decies repelita placebit_; and Jarrin, the
+celebrated _artiste en sucre_, has also revised his _Italian
+Confectioner_, in a fourth edition. We should think both these works
+must be the literary furniture of every good kitchen, or they ought
+to be; for there is just enough of the science in them to make them
+extremely useful, whilst all must allow them to be entertaining.
+
+A few years ago, Mrs. Glasse ruled the roast of cookery, and not a
+stew was made without consulting her invaluable book. Whilst we were
+embroiled in war, her instructions were standing orders, but with the
+peace came a host of foreign luxuries and fashions, among these,
+_Cookery from France_. Hence the French system became introduced into
+the establishments of the wealthy of this country, to which may be
+attributed the sale of nine editions of M. Ude's work; for it is
+strictly what it professes to be, "A System of Fashionable and
+Economical Cookery, adapted to the use of English Families." The tenth
+edition, before us, is a bulky _tome_ of about 500 pages, with an
+appendix of observations on the meals of the day; mode of giving suppers
+at Routs and soirees, as practised when the author was in the employ of
+Lord Sefton; and above all, a brief history of the rise and progress of
+Cookery, from an admirable French treatise. This is literally the _sauce
+piquante_ of the volume, and we serve a little to our readers:--
+
+It appears that the science of Cookery was in a very inferior state
+under the first and second race of the French kings. Gregory of Tours
+has preserved the account of a repast of French warriors, at which,
+in this refined age, we should be absolutely astounded. According to
+Eginhard, Charlemagne lived poorly, and ate but little--however, this
+trait of resemblance in Charlemagne and Napoleon, the modern Eginhards
+have forgotten in their comparison of these two great men. Philippe le
+Bel was hardly half an hour at table, and Francis I. thought more of
+women than of eating and drinking; nevertheless, it was under this
+gallant monarch that the science of gastronomy took rise in France.
+
+Few have heard the name of Gonthier d'Andernach. What Bacon was to
+philosophy, Dante and Petrarch to poetry, Michael Angelo and Raphael
+to painting, Columbus and Gama to geography, Copernicus and Galileo to
+astronomy, Gonthier was in France to the art of cookery. Before him,
+their code of eating was formed only of loose scraps picked up here and
+there; the names of dishes were strange and barbarous, like the dishes
+themselves.
+
+Gonthier is the father of cookery, as Descartes, of French philosophy.
+It is said that Gonthier, in less than ten years, invented seven
+cullises, nine ragouts, thirty-one sauces, and twenty-one soups.
+
+A woman opened the gates of an enlightened age; it was Catherine, the
+daughter of the celebrated Lorenzo de Medici, niece of Leo the Tenth,
+then in all the bloom of beauty. Accompanied by a troop of perfumers,
+painters, astrologers, poets, and cooks, she crossed the Alps, and
+whilst Bullan planned the Tuileries, Berini recovered from oblivion
+those sauces which, for many ages, had been lost. Endowed with all the
+gifts of fortune, the mother and the wife of kings, nature had also
+gifted her with a palate, whose intuitive sensibility seldom falls to
+the lot of sovereigns. In consequence of which, after having driven
+before her this troop of male and female soothsayers, who pretended to
+foretel the future, she consulted her _maitre d'hotel_, about some roast
+meat brought from luxurious Florence; and dipped in a rich sauce the
+same hand that held the reins of the empire, and which Roussard compared
+to the rosy fingers of Aurora! Let the foolish vulgar laugh at the
+importance which the queen-mother seems to place in the art of cooking;
+but they have not considered that it is at table, in the midst of the
+fumes of Burgundy, and the savoury odour of rich dishes, that she
+meditated the means of quelling a dangerous faction, or the destruction
+of a man, who disturbed her repose. It was during dinner she had an
+interview with the Duke of Alba, with whom she resolved on the massacre
+of St. Bartholomew.
+
+Not long after the massacre of St. Bartholomew the throne was occupied
+by Henry de Valois, brother to Charles the Ninth, and son of Catherine.
+He was a prince of good appetite, a lover of wine and good cheer,
+qualities which his mother had carefully fostered and cultivated, that
+she alone might hold the reigns of government. Henry de Valois spent
+whole days at table, and the constellations of the kitchen shone with
+the greatest splendour under this gourmand king. We date from the
+beginning of his reign the invention of the fricandeau, generally
+attributed to a Swiss. Now the fricandeau having its Columbus, its
+discovery appears not more wonderful than that of America, and yet
+it required _une grande force de tete_.
+
+Though we acknowledge the immense influence this monarch had over
+cookery, we must not conceal that he brought in fashion aromatic sauces,
+tough macaroni, cullises, and brown sauces calcined by a process like
+that of roasted coffee. These sauces gave the dishes a corrosive
+acidity, and as Jourdan le Cointe remarks, far from nourishing the body,
+communicated to it a feverish sensation, which baffled all the skill of
+physicians, in their attempts to cure it. They were positive poisons
+which the Italians had introduced into France, a taste for which spread
+through every class of society.
+
+Under the reign of Henry III. a taste for warm drinks was joined to
+that of spicy dishes. Hippocrates recommends hot water in fevers,
+Avicenna in consumption, Trallien in phrensy, Plato in loathings, Aetius
+in strangury,--whence we conclude that warm water, having so many
+different qualities, must have been a very useful article at table, had
+it only been to assist digestion, considering that people ate copiously
+in the reign of the Valois. They made not one single repast without a
+jug full of hot water, and even wine was drunk lukewarm.
+
+If the poor have preserved the memory of Henry IV., we cannot say as
+much of his cooks. That monarch did nothing for them;--either Nature
+had not endowed him with a good appetite, (for what prince ever was
+perfect,) or he looked upon them, as, in the last century, we looked
+upon soups, as things of hardly any use; but in return they also did
+nothing for him.
+
+It is very remarkable, that in France, where there is but one religion,
+the sauces are infinitely varied, whilst in England, where the different
+sects are innumerable, there is, we may say, but one single sauce.
+Melted butter, in English cookery, plays nearly the same part as the
+Lord Mayor's coach at civic ceremonies, calomel in modern medicine, or
+silver forks in the fashionable novels. Melted butter and anchovies,
+melted butter and capers, melted butter and parsley, melted butter and
+eggs, and melted butter for ever: this is a sample of the national
+cookery of this country. We may date the art of making sauces from the
+age of Louis XIV. Under Louis XIII. meat was either roasted or broiled:
+every baker had a stove where the citizen, as well as the great lord,
+sent his meat to be dressed; but, by degrees, they began to feel the
+necessity of sauces.
+
+It appears that the great wits of the age of Louis XIV. had not that
+contempt for cookery which some idealists of our days affect to have.
+Boileau has described a bad repast like a man who has often seen better;
+he liked the pleasures of the table, which have never been incompatible
+with the gifts of genius, or the investigations of the understanding. "I
+cannot conceive," says Doctor Johnson, "the folly of those, who, when at
+table, think of every thing but eating; for my part, when I am there I
+think of nothing else; and whosoever does not trouble himself with this
+important affair at dinner, or supper, will do no good at any other
+time." Boswell affirms that he never knew a man who dispatched a dinner
+better than the great moralist. But what avails it to defend cooks and
+gourmands? It is an axiom in political economy, according to Malthus,
+that _he who makes two blades of grass grow, where before there was but
+one, ought to be considered as the benefactor of his country, and of
+mankind_. Is not this a service which the epicure and the cook every day
+do their country? Addison thought differently from Johnson on this
+subject: "Every time," says he, "that I see a splendid dinner, I fancy
+fever, gout, and dropsy, are lying in ambush for me, with the whole race
+of maladies which attack mankind: in my opinion an epicure is a fool."
+What does this blustering of Addison prove? Boswell also asserts, that
+Addison often complained of indigestion. And in the present times, the
+first chemist of the day, Sir Humphry Davy, passes for a finished
+gourmand.
+
+Roasting, boiling, frying, broiling, do not alone constitute the arc of
+cooking, otherwise the savage of the Oronoco might be _maitre d'hotel_
+with Prince Esterhazy.
+
+The science of gastronomy made great progress under Louis XV., a
+brilliant epoch for the literature of gastronomy: together with the
+fashions, customs, freedom of opinion, and taste for equipages and
+horses brought from Great Britain--some new dishes taken from the
+culinary code of this country, such as puddings and beef-steaks, were
+also introduced into France. Thanks to the increasing progress and
+discoveries in chemistry, and to the genius of our artists, the art of
+cookery rose to the greatest height towards the end of the last century.
+What a famous age was that of Mezelier, l'Asne, Jouvent, Richaud, Chaud,
+and Robert.
+
+History will never forget that great man, who aspired to all kinds
+of glory, and would have been, if he had wished, as great a cook as
+he was a statesman--I mean the Prince de Talleyrand, who rekindled the
+sacred flame in France. The first clouds of smoke, which announced the
+resurrection of the science of cookery in the capital, appeared from
+the kitchen of an ancient bishop.
+
+A revolution like the French, which presented to their eyes such
+terrible spectacles, must have left some traces in their physical or
+intellectual constitution. At the end of this bloody drama, the mind,
+bewildered by the late dreadful scenes, was unable to feel those sweet
+and peaceable emotions, in which it had formerly delighted; as the
+palate, having long been at rest, and now become blunted, must require
+high-seasoned dishes, to excite an appetite. The reign of the Directory,
+therefore is that of Romances a la Radcliffe, as well as of Sauces a la
+Provencale. Fortunately, the eighth of Brumaire pulled down the five
+Directors, together with their saucepans.
+
+Under the Consulship, and during the empire, the art of cooking, thanks
+to the labours of Beauvilliers, Balaine, and other artists, made new and
+remarkable improvements. Among the promoters of the gastric science, the
+name of a simple amateur makes a distinguished figure--it is Grisnod
+de la Reyniere, whose almanac the late Duke of York called the most
+delightful book that ever issued from the press. We may affirm, that the
+_Almanach des Gourmands_ made a complete revolution in the language and
+usages of the country.
+
+We are yet too near the restoration to determine the degree of influence
+it had on cookery in France. The restoration has introduced into
+monarchy the representative forms friendly to epicurism, and in this
+respect it is a true blessing--a new era opened _to those_ who are
+hungry.
+
+M. Jarrin's fourth edition contains upwards of 500 receipts in Italian
+confectionery, with plates of improvements, &c. like a cyclopaedian
+treatise on mechanics; and when our readers know there are "seven
+essential degrees of boiling sugar," they will pardon the details of the
+business of this volume. The "degrees" are--1. _Le lisse_, or thread,
+large or small; 2. _Le perle_, or pearl, _le soufflet_, or blow; 4. _La
+plume_, the feather; 5. _Le boulet_, the ball, large or small; 6. _Le
+casse_, the crack; and, 7. the _caramel_. So complete is M. Jarrin's
+system of confectionery, that he is "independent of every other artist;"
+for he even explains engraving on steel and on wood. What a host of
+disappointments this must prevent!
+
+If we look further into, or "drink deep" of the art of confectionery,
+we shall find it to be a perfect Microcosm--a little creation; for our
+artist talks familiarly of "producing picturesque scenery, with trees,
+lakes, rocks, &c.; gum paste, and modelling flowers, animals, figures,
+&c." with astonishing mimic strife. We must abridge one of these
+receipts for a "_Rock Piece Montee_ in a lake."
+
+"Roll out confectionery paste, the size of the dish intended to receive
+it; put into a mould representing your _pond_ a lining of almond paste,
+coloured pale pink, and place in the centre a sort of pedestal of almond
+paste, supported by lumps of the same paste baked; when dry put it into
+the stove. Prepare _syrup_ to fill the hollow of the _lake_, to
+represent the _water_; having previously modelled in gum paste little
+_swans_, place them in various parts of the _syrup_; put it into the
+stove for three hours, then make a small hole through the paste, under
+your _lake_, to drain off the syrup; a crust will remain with the
+_swans_ fixed in it, representing the _water_. Next build the _rock_ on
+the pedestal with rock sugar, biscuits, and other appropriate articles
+in sugar, fixed to one another, supported by the confectionery paste you
+have put in the middle, the whole being cemented together with caramel,
+and ornamented. The moulding and heads should then be pushed in almond
+paste, coloured red; the _cascades_ and other ornaments must be _spun in
+sugar_."
+
+These are, indeed, romantic secrets. Spinning nets and cages with sugar
+is another fine display of confectionery skill--we say nothing of the
+nets and cages which our fair friends are sometimes spinning--for the
+sugar compared with their bonds--are weak as the cords of the
+Philistines.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE NATURALIST.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ROOKS.
+
+
+We glean the following interesting facts from the _Essex Herald_, as
+they merit the record of a _Naturalist_.
+
+"The voracious habits of the rook, and the vast increase of these birds
+of late years in certain parts of Essex, has been productive of great
+mischief, especially in the vicinity of Writtle and of Waltham. Since
+February last, notwithstanding a vigilant watch, the rooks have stolen
+sets of potatoes from a considerable breadth of ground at Widford Hall.
+On the same farm, during the sowing of a field of 16 acres with peas,
+the number of rooks seen at one time on its surface has been estimated
+at 1,000, which is accounted for by there being a preserve near, which,
+at a moderate computation, contains 1,000 nests. But the damage done by
+rooks at Navestock and Kelvedon Hatch, and their vicinities, within a
+small circle, has been estimated at L2,000. annually. Many farmers pay
+from 8_s_. to 10_s_. per week, to preserve their seed and plants by
+watching; but notwithstanding such precautions, acre after acre of
+beans, when in leaf and clear from the soil, have been pulled up, and
+the crop lost. The late hurricane proved some interruption to their
+breeding; and particularly at the estate of Lord Waldegrave, at
+Navestock, where the young ones were thrown from their nests, and were
+found under trees in myriads; the very nests blown down, it is said,
+would have furnished the poor with fuel for a short period."
+
+The writer attributes this alarming increase of rooks to "a desire on
+the part of gentlemen to cause them to be preserved with the same
+watchfulness they do their game." The most effectual means of deterring
+the rook from their depredations, is, he says, "to obtain several of
+these birds at a period of the year when they can be more easily taken;
+then cut them open, and preserve them by salt. In the spring, during the
+seed time, these rooks are to be fastened down to the ground with their
+wings spread, and their mouths extended by a pebble, as if in great
+torture. This plan has been found so effectual, that even in the
+vicinity of large preserves, the fields where the dead birds have been
+so placed, have not been visited by a single rook."
+
+The scarcity of the rook in France, and the antipathy which the French
+have to that bird is thus accounted for:--
+
+"The fact has been often related by a very respectable Catholic Priest,
+who resided many years at Chipping-hill, in Witham, that such was the
+arbitrary conduct of the owners of abbeys and monasteries in France, in
+preserving and cultivating the rook and the pigeon, that they increased
+to such numbers as to become so great a pest, as to destroy the seed
+when sown, and the young plants as soon as they appeared above the
+ground; insomuch, that the farmer, despairing of a reward for his
+labour, besides the loss of his seed, the fields were left barren, and
+the supply of bread corn was, in consequence, insufficient to meet the
+necessities of so rapidly increasing a people. The father of the
+gentleman to whom we have alluded, was, for this offence, one of the
+first victims to his imprudence. The revolutionary mob proceeded to his
+residence, from whence they took him, and hung his body upon a gibbet;
+they next proceeded to destroy the rooks and pigeons which he had
+cultivated in great numbers, and strived to preserve with the same
+tenacity as others do in this country. We are told by the son of this
+martyr to his own folly, that the mob continued to shoot the birds
+amidst the loudest acclamations, and that they exulted in the idea that
+in each victim they witnessed the fall of an aristocrat."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE BANANA TREE.
+
+
+The amount and rapidity of produce of this plant probably exceed that of
+any other in the known world. In eight or nine months after the sucker
+has been planted, clusters of fruit are formed; and in about two months
+more they may be gathered. The stem is then cut down, and a fresh plant,
+about two-thirds of the height of the parent stem, succeeds, and bears
+fruit in about three months more. The only care necessary is to dig once
+or twice a year round the roots. According to our author, on 1,076
+square feet, from 30 to 40 banana trees may be planted in Mexico, which
+will yield in the space of the year 4,414 lbs. avoirdupois of fruit;
+while the same space would yield only 33 lbs. avoirdupois of wheat, and
+99 of potatoes. The immediate effect of this facility of supplying the
+wants of nature is, that the man who can, by labouring two days in the
+week, maintain himself and family, will devote the remaining five to
+idleness or dissipation. The same regions that produce the banana, also
+yield the two species of manioc, the bitter and the sweet: both of which
+appear to have been cultivated before the conquest.--_Foreign Quarterly
+Review._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+INDIAN CORN.
+
+
+The most valuable article in South American agriculture, is
+unquestionably the maize, or Indian corn, which is cultivated with
+nearly uniform success in every part of the republic. It appears to
+be a true American grain, notwithstanding many crude conjectures to
+the contrary. Sometimes it has been known to yield, in hot and humid
+regions, 800 fold; fertile lands return from 300 to 400; and a return of
+130 to 150 fold is considered bad--the least fertile soils giving 60 to
+80. The maize forms the great bulk of food of the inhabitants, as well
+as of the domestic animals; hence the dreadful consequences of a failure
+of this crop. It is eaten either in the form of unfermented bread or
+_tortillas_ (a sort of bannock, as it is called in Scotland;) and,
+reduced to flour, is mingled with water, forming either _atolle_ or
+various kinds of _chicha_. Maize will yield, in very favourable
+situations, two or three crops per year; though it is but seldom that
+more than one is gathered.
+
+The introduction of wheat is said to have been owing to the accidental
+discovery, by a negro slave of Cortez, of three or four grains, among
+some rice which had been issued to the soldiers. About the year 1530,
+these grains were sown; and from this insignificant source has flowed
+all the enormous produce of the upper lands of Mexico. Water is the only
+element necessary to ensure success to the Mexican wheat grower; but it
+is very difficult to attain this--and irrigation affords the most steady
+supply.
+
+_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE AGAVE AMERICANA.
+
+
+On Maguey, is an object of great value in the table land of the interior
+of Mexico; from this plant is obtained the favourite liquor, the
+_pulque_. At the moment of efflorescence, the flower stalk is
+extirpated, and the juice destined to form the fruit flows into the
+cavity thus produced, and is taken out two or three times a day for four
+or five months; each day's produce is fermented for ten or fifteen days;
+after which the _pulque_ is fit to drink, and before it has travelled in
+skins, it is a very pleasant, refreshing liquor, to which the Mexicans
+ascribe as many good qualities as the Highlander does to whiskey. The
+stems of the _maguey_ can supply the place of hemp, and may be converted
+into paper. The prickles too are used as pins by the Indians.--_Ibid_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE ANECDOTE GALLERY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DOCTOR PARR.
+
+_Concluded from page 334_.
+
+
+Parr was evidently fond of living in troubled waters; accordingly, on
+his removal to Colchester, he got into a quarrel with the trustees of
+the school on the subject of a lease. He printed a pamphlet about it,
+which he never published; restrained perhaps by the remarks of Sir
+W. Jones, who constantly noted the pages submitted to him, with "too
+violent," "too strong;" and probably thought the whole affair a battle
+of kites and crows, which Parr had swelled into importance; or, it might
+be, he suppressed it, influenced by the prospect of succeeding to
+Norwich school, for which he was now a candidate, and by the shrewd
+observation of Dr. Foster, "that Norwich might be touched by a fellow
+feeling for Colchester; and the crape-makers of the one place sympathize
+with the bag-makers of the other." If the latter consideration weighed
+with him, it was the first and last time that any such consideration
+did, Parr being apparently of the opinion of John Wesley, that there
+could be no fitter subject for a Christian man's prayers, than that he
+might be delivered from what the world calls "prudence." However it
+happened, the pamphlet was withheld, and Parr was elected to the school
+at Norwich.
+
+At Norwich, Parr ventured on his first publications, and obtained his
+first preferment. The publications consisted of a sermon on "The Truth
+of Christianity," "A Discourse on Education," and "A Discourse on the
+Late Fast;" the last of which opens with a mistake singular in Parr,
+who confounds the sedition of Judas Gaulonitis, mentioned in Josephus,
+(_Antiq_. xviii. 1. 1.) with that under Pilate, mentioned in St. Luke,
+(xiii. 1, 2, 3.); whereas the former probably preceded the latter by
+twenty years, or nearly. The preferment which he gained was the living
+of Asterby, presented to him by Lady Jane Trafford, the mother of one of
+his pupils; which, in 1783, he exchanged for the perpetual curacy of
+Hatton, in Warwickshire, the same lady being still his patron neither
+was of much value. Lord Dartmouth, whose sons had also been under his
+care, endeavoured to procure something for him from Lord Thurlow, but
+the chancellor is reported to have said "No," with an oath. The great
+and good Bishop Lowth, however, at the request of the same nobleman,
+gave him a prebend in St. Paul's, which, though a trifle at the time,
+eventually became, on the expiration of leases, a source of affluence to
+Parr in his old age. How far he was from such a condition at this period
+of his life, is seen by the following incident given by Mr. Field. The
+doctor was one day in this gentleman's library, when his eye was caught
+by the title of "Stephens' Greek Thesaurus." Suddenly turning about and
+striking vehemently the arm of Mr. Field, whom he addressed in a manner
+very usual with him; he said, "Ah! my friend, my friend, may you never
+be forced, as I was at Norwich, to sell that work, to me so precious,
+from absolute and urgent necessity."
+
+But we must on with the Doctor in his career. In 1785, for some reason
+unknown to his biographer, Parr resigned the school at Norwich, and in
+the year following went to reside at Hatton. "I have an excellent house,
+(he writes to a friend,) good neighbours, and a Poor, ignorant,
+dissolute, insolent, and ungrateful, beyond all example. _I like
+Warwickshire very much_. I have made great regulations, viz. bells chime
+three times as long; Athanasian creed; communion service at the altar;
+swearing act; children catechized first Sunday in the month; private
+baptisms discouraged; public performed after second lesson; recovered a
+100_l_. a year left the poor, with interest amounting to 115_l_., all of
+which I am to put out, and settle a trust in the spring; examining all
+the charities."
+
+Here Warwickshire pleases Parr; but Parr's taste in this, and in many
+other matters, (as we shall have occasion to show by and by,) was
+subject to change. He soon, therefore, becomes convinced of the superior
+intellect of the men of Norfolk. He finds Warwickshire, the Boeotia of
+England, two centuries behind in civilization. He is anxious, however,
+to be in the commission of the peace for this ill-fated county, and
+applies to Lord Hertford, then Lord Lieutenant; but the application
+fails; and again, on a subsequent occasion, to Lord Warwick, and again
+he is disappointed. What motives operated upon their lordships' minds
+to his exclusion, they did not think it necessary to avow.
+
+Providence has so obviously drawn a circle about every man, within
+which, for the most part, he is compelled to walk, by furnishing him
+with natural affections, evidently intended to fasten upon individuals;
+by urging demands upon him which the very preservation of himself and
+those about him compels him to listen to; by withholding from him any
+considerable knowledge of what is distant, and hereby proclaiming that
+his more proper sphere lies in what is near;--by compassing, him about
+with physical obstacles, with mountains, with rivers, with seas
+"dissociable," with tongues which he cannot utter, or cannot understand;
+that, like the wife of Hector, it proclaims in accents scarcely to be
+resisted, that there is a tower assigned to everyman, where it is his
+first duty to plant himself for the sake of his own, and in the defence
+of which he will find perhaps enough to do, without extending his care
+to the whole circuit of the city walls.
+
+The close of Parr's life grew brighter, The increased value of his stall
+at St. Paul's set him abundantly at his ease: he can even indulge his
+love of pomp--_ardetque cupidine currus_, he encumbers himself with a
+coach and four. In 1816, he married a second wife, Miss Eyre, the sister
+of his friend the Rev. James Eyre; he became reconciled to his two
+grand-daughters, now grown up to woman's estate; he received them into
+his family, and kept them as his own, till one of them became the wife
+of the Rev. John Lynes.
+
+In the latter years of his life, Parr had been subject to erysipelas;
+once he had suffered by a carbuncle, and once by a mortification in the
+hand. Owing to this tendency to diseased action in the skin, he was
+easily affected by cold, and on Sunday, the 16th of January, 1825,
+having, in addition to the usual duties of the day, buried a corpse,
+he was, on the following night, seized with a long-continued rigor,
+attended by fever and delirium, and never effectually rallied again.
+There is a note, however, dated November 2, 1824, addressed by him to
+Archdeacon Butler, which proves that he felt his end approaching, even
+before this crisis.
+
+"Dear and Learned Namesake,--This letter is important, and strictly
+confidential. I have given J. Lynes minute and plenary directions for my
+funeral. I desire you, if you can, to preach a short, unadorned funeral
+sermon. Rann Kennedy is to read the lesson and grave service, though I
+could wish you to read the grave service also. Say little of me, but you
+are sure to say it _well_."
+
+Dr. Butler complied with his request, and amply made good the opinion
+here expressed. He spoke of him like a warm and stedfast friend, but not
+like that worst of enemies, an indiscreet one; he did not challenge a
+scrutiny by the extravagance of his praise, nor break, by his precious
+balms, the head he was most anxious to honour. Dr. Parr's death was
+tedious, and his faculties, except at intervals, disturbed. He took
+an opportunity, however, afforded him by one of these intervals, of
+summoning about his bed his wife, grand-children, and servants;
+confessed to them his weaknesses and errors, asked their forgiveness for
+any pain he might have caused them by petulance and haste, and professed
+"his trust in God, through Christ, for the pardon of his sins." One
+expression, which Dr. Johnstone reports him to have used on this
+occasion, is extraordinary--that "from the beginning of his life he was
+not conscious of having fallen into a crime." Far be it from us to
+scrutinize the words of a delirious death-bed--These must have been
+uttered (if, indeed, they are accurately given) either in some peculiar
+and very limited sense, or else at a moment when a man is no longer
+accountable to God for what he utters. The latter was, probably, the
+case: for in the same breath in which he declares "his life, even his
+early life, to have been pure," he sues for pardon at the hands of his
+Maker, and acknowledges a Redeemer, as the instrument through which he
+is to obtain it.
+
+That quickness of feeling and disposition to abandon himself to
+its guidance, which made Parr an inconsistent man, made him also a
+benevolent one. Benevolence he loved as a subject for his contemplation,
+and the practical extension of it as a rule for his conduct. He could
+scarcely bear to regard the Deity under any other aspect. He would have
+children taught, in the first instance, to regard him under that aspect
+alone; simply as a being who displayed infinite goodness in the
+creation, in the government, and in the redemption of the world.
+Language itself indicates, that the whole system of moral rectitude is
+comprised in it--_[Greek: energetein], benefacere_, beneficencethe
+generic term being, in common parlance, emphatically restricted to works
+of charity. Nor was this mere theory in Parr. Most men who have been
+economical from necessity in their youth, continue to be so, from habit,
+in their age--but Parr's hand was ever open as day. Poverty had vexed,
+but had never contracted his spirit; money he despised, except as it
+gave him power--power to ride in his state coach, to throw wide his
+doors to hospitality, to load his table with plate, and his shelves with
+learning; power to adorn his church with chandeliers and painted
+windows; to make glad the cottages of his poor; to grant a loan, to a
+tottering farmer; to rescue from want a forlorn patriot, or a thriftless
+scholar. Whether misfortune, or mismanagement, or folly, or vice, had
+brought its victim low, his want was a passport to Parr's pity, and the
+dew of his bounty fell alike upon the evil and the good, upon the just
+and the unjust. It is told of Boerhaave, that, whenever he saw a
+criminal led out to execution, he would say, "May not this man be better
+than I? If otherwise, the praise is due, not to me, but to the grace of
+God." Parr quotes the saying with applause. Such, we doubt not, would
+have been his own feelings on such an occasion.--_Quarterly Review_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER
+
+    A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SONG FROM THE ITALIAN OF P. ROLLI.
+
+
+  Babbling current, would you know
+    Why I turn to thee again,
+  'Tis to find relief from woe,
+    Respite short from ceaseless pain.
+
+  I and Sylvio on a day
+    Were upon thy bank reclin'd,
+  When dear Sylvio swore to me,
+    And thus spoke in accents kind:
+
+  First this flowing tide shall turn
+    Backward to its fountain head,
+  Dearest nymph, ere thou shall mourn,
+    Thy too easy faith betray'd.
+
+  Babbling current, backward turn,
+    Hide thee in thy fountain head;
+  For alas, I'm left to mourn
+    My too easy faith betray'd.
+
+  Love and life pursu'd the swain,
+    Both must have the self-same date,
+  But mine only he could mean,
+    Since his love is turn'd to hate.
+
+  Sure some fairer nymph than I,
+    From me lures the lovely youth,
+  Haply she receives like me,
+    Vows of everlasting truth.
+
+  Babbling current should the fair
+    Stop to listen on thy shore,
+  Bid her, Sylvio, to beware,
+    Love and truth he oft had sworn.
+
+T.H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SPRING AND THE MORNING,
+
+_A Ballad._
+
+
+  _Written by Sir Lumley Skeffington, Bart._
+  _Inscribed to Miss Foote_.
+
+  When the frosts of the Winter, in mildness were ending,
+    To April I gave half the welcome of May;
+  While the Spring, fresh in youth, came delightfully blending
+    The buds that are sweet, and the songs that are gay.
+  As the eyes fixed the heart on a vision so fair,
+  Not doubting, but trusting what magic was there;
+  Aloud I exclaim'd, with augmented desire,
+  I thought 'twas the Spring, when In truth, 'tis Maria.
+
+  When the fading of stars, in the regions of splendour,
+    Announc'd that the morning was young in the East,
+  On the upland I rov'd, admiration to render,
+    Where freshness, and beauty, and lustre increas'd.
+  Whilst the beams of the morning new pleasures bestow'd,
+  While fondly I gaz'd, while with rapture I glow'd;
+  In sweetness commanding, in elegance bright,
+  Maria arose! a more beautiful light!
+
+_Gentleman's Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+UNEXPECTED REPROOF.
+
+
+The celebrated scholar, Muretus, was taken ill upon the road as he was
+travelling from Paris to Lyons, and as his appearance was not much in
+his favour, he was carried to an hospital. Two physicians attended him,
+and his disease not being a very common one, they thought it right to
+try something new, and out of the usual road of practice, upon him.
+One of them, not knowing that their patient knew Latin, said in that
+language to the other, "We may surely venture to try an experiment upon
+the body of so mean a man as our patient is." "Mean, sir!" replied
+Muretus, in Latin, to their astonishment, "can you pretend to call any
+man so, sir, for whom the Saviour of the world did not think it beneath
+him to die?"
+
+IRELAND.
+
+The following is the territorial surface of Ireland:--
+
+                                                             Acres.
+
+  Arable land, gardens, meadows, pastures, and marshes   12,125,280
+
+  Uncultivated lands, and bogs capable of improvement ... 4,900,000
+
+  Surface incapable of any kind of improvement[3]........ 2,416,664
+                                                         __________
+  Total of acres                                         19,441,944
+
+
+   [3] Parliamentary Report.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ROUGE ET NOIR.
+
+
+  When jovial Barras was the Monarch of France,
+  And its women all lived in the light of his glance,
+  One eve, when tall Tallien and plump Josephine
+  Were trying the question, of which should be Queen,
+  Dame Josephine hung on one side of his chair,
+  With her West Indian bosom as brown as 'twas bare;
+  Dame Tallien as fondly on t'other side hung,
+  With a blush that might burn up the spot where she clung.
+  Old Sieyes stalked in; saw my lord at his wine,
+  Now toasting the copper-skin, now the carmine;
+  Then starting away, cried, "Barras, _le bon soir_;
+  'Twas for business _I_ came; I leave _you Rouge et Noir_."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LIMBIRD'S EDITIONS.
+
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+near Somerset House.
+
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+Engravings. Price 6s. 6d. boards
+
+The TALES of the GENII. Price 2s.
+
+The MICROCOSM. By the Right Hon. G. CANNING. &c. Price 2s.
+
+PLUTARCH'S LIVES, with Fifty Portraits, 2 vols. price 13s. boards.
+
+COWPER'S POEMS, with 12 Engravings, price 3s. 6d. boards.
+
+COOK'S VOYAGES, 2 vols. price 8s. boards.
+
+The CABINET of CURIOSITIES: or WONDERS of the WORLD DISPLAYED Price 5s.
+boards.
+
+BEAUTIES of SCOTT. 2 vols. price 7s. boards.
+
+The ARCANA of SCIENCE for 1828. Price 4s. 6d.
+
+Any of the above Works can be purchased in Parts.
+
+GOLDSMITH'S ESSAYS. Price 8d. DR. FRANKLIN'S ESSAYS. Price 1s. 2d.
+BACON'S ESSAYS Price 8d. SALMAGUNDI. Price 1s. 8d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset
+House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and
+by all Newsmen and Booksellers_.
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT,
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