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+<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol. 14, Issue 404, December 12, 1829, by Various</title>
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+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11463 ***</div>
+<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, Vol. 14, Issue 404, December 12, 1829, by Various</h1>
+<br />
+<br />
+<center><b>E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, Andy Jewell, David Garcia,<br />
+ and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team</b></center>
+<br />
+<br />
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page401" name="page401"></a>[pg
+ 401]</span>
+ <h1>
+ THE MIRROR<br />
+ OF<br />
+ LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+ </h1>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <table width="100%" summary="Banner">
+ <tr>
+ <td align="left">
+ <b>VOL. XIV, NO. 404.]</b>
+ </td>
+ <td align="center">
+ <b>SATURDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1829.</b>
+ </td>
+ <td align="right">
+ <b>[PRICE 2d.</b>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <h2>
+ The Royal Observatory, Greenwich.
+ </h2>
+ <div class="figure" style="width: 100%;">
+ <a href="images/404-1.png"><img width="100%"
+ src="images/404-1.png"
+ alt="The Royal Observatory, Greenwich." /></a>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ In the present <i>almanack season</i>, as it is technically
+ called, the above illustration of our pages may not be
+ inappropriate or ill-timed, inasmuch as it represents the
+ spot whence all English astronomers make their calculations.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The Observatory was built by Charles II., in the year
+ 1675&mdash;probably, observes a recent writer, "with no
+ better motive than to imitate Louis XIV.," who had just
+ completed the erection and endowment of an observatory at
+ Paris. The English Observatory was fortunately placed under
+ the direction of the celebrated Flamstead, whose name the
+ hill, or site of the building, still retains. He was
+ appointed astronomer-royal in 1676; but Charles (as in the
+ case of the curious dial at Whitehall, described by us a few
+ weeks since<a id="footnotetag1"
+ name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a>),
+ neglected to complete what he had so well begun: and
+ Flamstead entered upon the duties of his appointment with
+ instruments principally provided <i>at his own expense</i>,
+ and that of a zealous patron of science, James Moore. It
+ should seem that this species of parsimony is hereditary in
+ the English Government, for, upon the authority of the
+ <i>Quarterly Review</i>, we learn that "within the wide range
+ of the British Islands <i>there is only one observatory</i>
+ (Greenwich), <i>and scarcely one supported by the
+ Government</i>. We say scarcely one, because we believe that
+ some of the instruments in the observatory at Greenwich were
+ purchased out of the private funds of the Royal Society of
+ London."<a id="footnotetag2"
+ name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a>
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The first stone of this Observatory was laid by Flamstead, on
+ the 10th of August, 1675. It stands 160 feet above low-water
+ mark, and principally consists of two separate buildings: the
+ first contains three rooms on the ground-floor&mdash;viz. the
+ transit-room, towards the east, the quadrant-room, towards
+ the west, and the assistant's sitting and calculating-room,
+ in the middle; above which is his bed-room, the latter being
+ furnished with sliding shutters in the roof. In
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page402" name="page402"></a>[pg
+ 402]</span> the transit-room is an eight-feet
+ transit-instrument, with an axis of three feet, resting on
+ two piers of stone: this was made by Bird, but has been much
+ improved by Dolland, Troughton, and others. Near it is a
+ curious transit-clock, made by Graham, but greatly improved
+ by Earnshaw, who so simplified the train as to exclude two or
+ three wheels, and also added cross-braces to the
+ gridiron-pendulum, by which an error of a second per day,
+ arising from its sudden starts, was corrected. The
+ quadrant-room has a stone pier in the middle, running north
+ and south, having on its east face a mural-quadrant, of eight
+ feet radius, made by Bird, in 1749, by which observations are
+ made on the southern quarter of the meridian, through an
+ opening in the roof three feet wide, produced by means of two
+ sliding shutters; on its west face is another eight-feet
+ mural quadrant, with an iron frame, and an arch of brass,
+ made by Graham, in 1725: this is applied to the north quarter
+ of the meridian. In the same apartment is the famous
+ zenith-sector, twelve feet in length, with which Dr. Bradley,
+ at Wanstead, and at Kew, made those observations which led to
+ the discovery of the aberration and nutation: here also is
+ Dr. Hooke's reflecting telescope, and three telescopes by
+ Harrison. On the south side of this room is a small building,
+ for observing the eclipses of Jupiter's satellites,
+ occultations, &amp;c., with sliding shutters at the roof and
+ sides, to view any portion of the hemisphere, from the prime
+ verticle down to the southern horizon: this contains a
+ forty-inch achromatic, by the inventor, Mr. John Dolland,
+ with a triple object-glass, a most perfect instrument of its
+ kind; and a five-feet achromatic, by John and Peter Dolland,
+ his sons. Here, likewise, are a two-feet reflecting-telescope
+ (the metals of which were ground by the Rev. Mr. Edwards),
+ and a six-feet reflector, by Dr. Herschell.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The lower part of the house serves merely for a habitation;
+ but above is a large octagonal room, which, being now seldom
+ wanted for astronomical purposes, is used as a repository for
+ such instruments as are too large to be generally employed in
+ the apartments first described, or for old instruments, which
+ modern improvements have superseded. Among the former is a
+ most excellent ten-feet achromatic, by the present Mr.
+ Dolland, and a six-feet reflector, by Short, with a clock to
+ be used with them. In the latter class, besides many curious
+ and original articles, which are deposited in boxes and
+ cupboards, is the first transit instrument that was,
+ probably, ever made, having the telescope near one end of the
+ axis; and two long telescopes with square wooden tubes, of
+ very ancient date. Here, likewise, is the library, which is
+ stored with scarce and curious old astronomical works,
+ including Dr. Halley's original observations, and Captain
+ Cook's Journals. Good busts of Flamstead and Newton, on
+ pedestals, ornament this apartment; and in one corner is a
+ dark narrow staircase, leading to the leads above, whence the
+ prospect is uncommonly grand; and to render the pleasure more
+ complete, there is, in the western turret, a <i>camera
+ obscura</i>, of unrivalled excellence, by which all the
+ surrounding objects, both movable and immovable, are
+ beautifully represented in their own natural colours, on a
+ concave table of plaster of Paris, about three feet in
+ diameter.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ On the north side of the Observatory are two small buildings,
+ covered with hemispherical sliding domes, in each of which is
+ an equatorial sector, made by Sisson, and a clock, by Arnold,
+ with a three-barred pendulum, which are seldom used but for
+ observing comets. The celebrated <i>Dry-well</i>, which was
+ made to observe the earth's annual parallax, and for seeing
+ the stars in the day-time, is situated near the south-east
+ corner of the garden, behind the Observatory, but has been
+ arched over, the great improvements in telescopes having long
+ rendered it unnecesary. It contains a stone staircase,
+ winding from the top to the bottom.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The Rev. John Flamstead, Dr. Halley, Dr. Bradley, Dr. Bliss,
+ Dr. Nev. Maskelyne, and John Pond, Esq. have been the
+ successive astronomers-royal since the foundation of this
+ edifice.
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ TWIN SISTERS.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ (<i>For the Mirror</i>.)
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The most extraordinary instance of this kind on record is
+ that of the united twins, born at Saxony, in Hungary, in
+ 1701; and publicly exhibited in many parts of Europe, among
+ others in England, and living till 1723. They were joined at
+ the back, below the loins, and had their faces and bodies
+ placed half side-ways towards each other. They were not
+ equally strong nor well made, and the most powerful, (for
+ they had separate wills) dragged the other after her, when
+ she wanted to go any where. At six years, one had
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page403" name="page403"></a>[pg
+ 403]</span> a paralytic affection of the left side, which
+ left her much weaker than the other. There was a great
+ difference in their functions and health. They had different
+ temperaments; when one was asleep the other was often awake;
+ one had a desire for food when the other had not, &amp;c.
+ They had the small pox and measles at one and the same time,
+ but other disorders separately. Judith was often convulsed,
+ while Helen remained free from indisposition; one of them had
+ a catarrh and a cholic, while the other was well. Their
+ intellectual powers were different; they were brisk, merry,
+ and well bred; they could read, write, and sing, very
+ prettily; could speak several languages, as Hungarian,
+ German, French, and English. They died together, and were
+ buried in the Convent of the Nuns of St. Ursula, at
+ Presburgh.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ P.T.W.
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ ELEGY ON THE DEATH OF A SPARROW.
+ </h3>
+ <center>
+ <i>Catullus, Carmen 3</i>.
+ </center>
+ <p>
+ (<i>For the Mirror</i>.)
+ </p>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ Oh, mourn ye deities of love.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ And ye whose minds distress can move,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Bewail a Sparrow's fate;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The Sparrow, favourite of my fair,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Fond object of her tend'rest care,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Her loss indeed how great.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ For so affectionate it grew,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ And its delighted mistress knew
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ As well as she her mother;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Nor would it e'er her lap forsake,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ But hopping round about would make
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Some sportive trick or other.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ It now that gloomy road has pass'd.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ That road which all must go at last,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ From whence there's no retreat;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ But evil to you, shades of death,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ For having thus deprived of breath
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ A favourite so sweet.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ Oh, shameful deed! oh, hapless bird!
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ My charmer, since its death occurr'd,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ So many tears has shed,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ That her dear eyes, through pain and grief,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ And woe, admitting no relief,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Alas, are swoln and red.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ T.C.
+ </p>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <h2>
+ FINE ARTS
+ </h2>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ (<i>For the Mirror</i>.)
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The following explanation of a few of the terms employed to
+ designate parts of Gothic architecture, may, perhaps, prove
+ acceptable to some of your readers. Having felt the need of
+ such assistance in the course of my own reading, &amp;c.
+ &amp;c.&mdash;I extracted them from an expensive work on the
+ subject, and have only to lament that my vocabulary should be
+ so defective.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Buttresses</i>.&mdash;Projections between the windows and
+ at the corners.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Corbel</i>.&mdash;An ornamental projection from the wall
+ to support an arch, niche, beam, or other apparent weight. It
+ is often a head or part of a figure.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Bands</i>.&mdash;Either small strings around shafts, or
+ horizontal lines of square, round, and other formed panels,
+ used to ornament spires, towers, and similar works.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Cornice</i>.&mdash;The tablet at the top of a wall,
+ running under the battlement. It becomes a
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Basement</i> when at the bottom of it, and beneath this
+ the wall is generally thicker.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Battlement</i>.&mdash;It may be indented or plain; sunk,
+ panelled, or pierced.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Crockets</i>.&mdash;Small bunches of foliage, ornamenting
+ canopies and pinnacles.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Canopies</i>.&mdash;Adorned drip-stones.&mdash;<i>Vide</i>
+ Dripstone.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Crypts</i>.&mdash;Vaulted chapels under some large
+ churches, and a few small ones.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Crisps</i>.&mdash;Small arches; sometimes
+ <i>double-feathered</i>, and according to the number of them
+ in immediate connexion; they are termed <i>tre</i>-foils,
+ <i>quatre</i>-foils, <i>cinque</i>-foils, &amp;c.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Dripstone</i>.&mdash;The tablet running round doors and
+ windows.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Featherings</i> or <i>Foliations</i>.&mdash;Parts of
+ tracery ornamented with small arches and points, are termed
+ <i>Feathered</i>, or <i>Foliated</i>.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Finials</i>.&mdash;Large crockets surmounting canopies and
+ pinnacles. This term is frequently applied to the whole
+ pinnacle.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Machicolations</i>.&mdash;Projecting battlements, with
+ intervals for discharging missiles on the heads of
+ assailants.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Mullions</i>.&mdash;By these, windows are divided into
+ lights.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Parapet</i>.&mdash;When walls are crowned with a parapet,
+ it is straight at the top.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Pinnacle</i>.&mdash;A small spire, generally four-sided,
+ and placed on the top of buttresses, &amp;c., both exterior
+ and interior.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Piers</i>.&mdash;Spaces in the interior of a building
+ between the arches.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Rood Loft</i>.&mdash;In ancient churches, not collegiate,
+ a screen between the nave and chancel was so called, which
+ had on the top of it a large projection, whereon were placed
+ certain images, especially those which composed the rood.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Set-offs</i>.&mdash;The mouldings and slopes dividing
+ buttresses into stages.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Spandrells</i>.&mdash;Spaces, either plain or
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page404" name="page404"></a>[pg
+ 404]</span> ornamented, between an arch and the square formed
+ round it.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Stoups</i>.&mdash;The basins in niches, which held holy
+ water. Near the altar in old churches, or where the altar has
+ been, is sometimes found another niche, distinguished from
+ the <i>stoup</i>, by having in it at the bottom, a small
+ aperture for carrying off the water; it is often double with
+ a place for bread.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Tabernacle-work</i>.&mdash;Ornamented open work over
+ stalls; and generally any minute ornamental open-work.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Tablets</i>.&mdash;Small projecting mouldings or strings,
+ mostly horizontal.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Tracery</i>.&mdash;Ornaments of the division at the heads
+ of windows. <i>Flowing</i>, when the lines branch out into
+ flowers, leaves, arches, &amp;c. <i>Perpendicular</i>, when
+ the mullions are continued through the straight lines.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Transoms</i>.&mdash;The horizontal divisions of windows
+ and panelling.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Turrets</i>.&mdash;Towers of great height in proportion to
+ their diameter are so called. Large towers have often turrets
+ at their corners; often one larger than the other, containing
+ a staircase; and sometimes they have only that one.
+ </p>
+ <h3>
+ BRITISH STYLES OF ARCHITECTURE, AND THEIR DURATION.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ <i>The Norman</i>&mdash;Commenced before the conquest, and
+ continued until the reign of Henry II. A.D., 1189. It is
+ characterized by semicircular, and sometimes pointed, arches,
+ rudely ornamented.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Early English</i>.&mdash;This style lasted until the reign
+ of Edward I., A.D. 1307. Its characteristics are, pointed
+ arches, long narrow windows, and the jagged or toothed
+ ornament.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Decorated English</i>&mdash;Lasted to the end of Edward
+ III., A.D. 1377. It is characterized by large windows with
+ pointed arches divided into many lights by mullions. The
+ tracery of this style is in flowing lines, forming figures.
+ It has many ornaments, light and delicately wrought.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Perpendicular English</i>.&mdash;This last style employed
+ latterly only in additions, was in use, though much debased,
+ even as late as 1630-40. The latest whole building in it, is
+ not later than Henry VIII. Its characteristics are the
+ mullions of the windows, and ornamental panelings, run in
+ perpendicular lines; and many buildings in this style are so
+ crowded with ornament, that the beauty of the style is
+ destroyed. The carvings of it are delicately executed.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ M.L.B.
+ </p>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <h2>
+ THE NOVELIST.
+ </h2>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ ABAD AND ADA.
+ </h3>
+ <center>
+ <i>A lost leaf from the Arabian Nights</i>.
+ </center>
+ <p>
+ (<i>For the Mirror</i>.)
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ In the days of Caliph Haroun Alraschid, the neighbourhood of
+ Bagdad was infested by a clan of banditti, known by the name
+ of the "Ranger Band." Their rendezvous was known to be the
+ forests and mountains; but their immediate retreat was a
+ mystery time had not divulged.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ That they were valiant, the intrepidity with which they
+ attacked in the glare of noonday would demonstrate; that they
+ were numerous, the many robberies carried on in the different
+ parts of the Caliph's dominions would indicate; and that they
+ were bloody, their invariable practice of killing their
+ victim before they plundered him would argue. They had sworn
+ by their Prophet never to betray one another, and by the
+ Angel of Death to shed their blood in each other's defence.
+ No wonder, then, that they were so difficult to be captured;
+ and when taken, no tortures or promises of reward could
+ extract from them any information as to the retreat of their
+ comrades.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ One day, as Giafar, the Vizier, and favourite of the Caliph,
+ was walking alone in a public garden of the city, a stranger
+ appeared, who, after prostrating himself before the second
+ man in the empire, addressed him in these words: "High and
+ mighty Vizier of Alraschid, Lord of the realms of Alla upon
+ earth, whose delegate and vicegerent he is, hear the humblest
+ of the sons of men&mdash;Vizier, hear me!"
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Speak, son," said the Vizier, "I am patient."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "And," continued the stranger, "what I have to communicate,
+ be pleased to transmit to our gracious and well-beloved
+ Caliph."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Let me hear thy suit&mdash;it may be in my power to assist
+ you," replied the Vizier.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "The beauteous Ada is in the clutches of ruffians," responded
+ the stranger; "and"&mdash;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Well," said the Vizier, "proceed."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "To be brief, the forest bandit snatched her from my
+ arms&mdash;we were betrothed. I have applied to a mighty
+ enchanter, the Genius of the Dale, who tells me she is still
+ living, and in the cavern of the bandit&mdash;that her beauty
+ and innocence melted the hearts of robbers, and that were
+ they not afraid of <span class="pagenum"><a id="page405"
+ name="page405"></a>[pg 405]</span> their haunt being
+ discovered, they would have restored her to liberty; but
+ where that cavern is was beyond his power to tell. However,
+ he has informed me how I may demand and obtain the assistance
+ of a much more powerful enchanter than himself; but that
+ genius being the help of Muloch, the Spirit of the Mountain,
+ I need the aid of the Caliph himself. May it please the
+ highness of mighty Giafar to bend before the majesty of the
+ Sovereign of the East, and supplicate in behalf of thy
+ servant Abad."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "How," said the Vizier, "can the Caliph be of service to
+ thee?"
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "It is requisite," replied the stranger, "that my hand be
+ stained with the blood of the Caliph, before I summon this
+ most mighty fiend!"&mdash;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "How!" cried the astonished Vizier, "would'st thou shed the
+ blood of our beloved master?&mdash;No, by Alla!"&mdash;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Pardon me," rejoined the stranger, interrupting him, "and
+ Heaven avert that any thought of harm against the father of
+ his people should warm the breast of Abad; I wish only to
+ anoint my finger with as much of his precious blood as would
+ hide the point of the finest needle; and should this most
+ inestimable favour be conferred upon me, I undertake, under
+ pain of suffering all the tortures that human ingenuity can
+ devise, or devilish vengeance inflict, to exterminate the
+ hated race of banditti who now infest the forests of the
+ East."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Son," said the aged Vizier, "I will plead thy cause; meet me
+ here on the morrow, and in the mean time consider thy request
+ as granted."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Father, I take my leave; and may the Guardian of the Good
+ shower down a thousand blessings on thy head!"
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Abad made a profound obeisance to the Vizier, and they
+ separated: the latter to conduct the affairs of the state,
+ and the former to toil through the more menial labours of the
+ day.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Morning came; Abad was at the appointed spot before sunrise,
+ and waited with impatience for the expected hour when the
+ Vizier was to arrive. The Vizier was punctual; and with him,
+ in a plain habit, was the Caliph himself, who underwent the
+ operation of having blood drawn from him by the hand of Abad.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ At midnight, Abad, as he had been directed by the Genius of
+ the Dale, went to the cave of the Spirit of the Mountain. He
+ was alone! It was pitchy dark; the winds howled through the
+ thick foliage of the forest; the owls shrieked, and the
+ wolves bayed; the loneliness of the place was calculated to
+ inspire terror! and the idea of meeting such a personage, at
+ such an hour, did not contribute to the removal of that
+ terror! He trembled most violently. At length, summoning up
+ courage he entered the mystic cell, and commenced challenging
+ the assistance of the Spirit of the Mountain in the following
+ words:
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "In the name of the Genius of the Dale I conjure you! by our
+ holy Prophet I command you! by the darkness of this murky
+ night I entreat you! and by the blood of a Caliph, shed by
+ this weak arm, I allure you, most potent Muloch, to appear!
+ Muloch rise! help! appear!"
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ At this instant the monster appeared, in the form of a human
+ being of gigantic stature and proportions, having a fierce
+ aspect, large, dark, rolling eyes, bushy eyebrows, and a
+ thick black beard&mdash;attired in the habit of a blacksmith!
+ He bore a huge hammer in his right hand, and in his left he
+ carried a pair of pincers, in which was grasped a piece of
+ shapeless metal. His eyes flashed with indignation as he
+ flourished the ponderous hammer over his head, as though it
+ had been a small sword&mdash;when, striking the metal he held
+ in the forceps, a round, well-formed shield fell from the
+ stroke.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Mortal!" vociferated the enchanter, in a voice of thunder,
+ "there is thy weapon and defence!"&mdash;flinging the weighty
+ hammer on the ample shield, the collision of which produced a
+ sound in unison with the deep bass of Muloch's voice; nor did
+ the reverberation that succeeded cease to ring in the ears of
+ Abad until several minutes after the spectre had disappeared.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Abad rejoiced when the fearful visit was over, and, well
+ pleased with his success, was preparing to depart; but his
+ joy was damped on finding the hammer so heavy that he could
+ not, without difficulty, remove it from off the shield. He
+ left it in the cave, and returned with the shield only,
+ comforting himself that however he might be at a loss for a
+ weapon, he had a shield that would render him invincible.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ His next care was to discover the retreat of the robbers,
+ otherwise he was waging a war with shadows. After making
+ every inquiry, and wandering in vain for several months in
+ quest of them, he was not able to obtain a glimpse of the
+ objects of his search. Still they seemed to possess ubiquity.
+ Their depredations continued, murders multiplied, and their
+ attacks became more open and formidable. Missions were sent
+ daily to the royal city from the
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page406" name="page406"></a>[pg
+ 406]</span> emirs and governors of provinces residing at a
+ distance with the most lamentable accounts, and soldiers were
+ dispatched in large bodies to scour the country, but all was
+ of no avail.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Abad had almost abandoned himself to despair, when, one
+ lovely evening, as he wandered along the banks of the Tigris,
+ he observed a boat, laden with armed men, sailing rapidly
+ down the river. "These must be a party of the ranger band.
+ Oh, Mahomet!" said he, prostrating himself on the earth, "be
+ thou my guide!" At length the crew landed on the opposite
+ shore, which was a continued series of crags, and fastening a
+ chain attached to the boat to a staple driven into the rock,
+ under the surface of the water, they suffered the vessel to
+ float with the stream beneath the overhanging rocks, which
+ afforded a convenient shelter and hiding place for it, as it
+ was impossible for any one passing up or down the river to
+ notice it.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Having landed, the party ascended the acclivity, when,
+ suddenly halting and looking round, to ascertain that they
+ were not observed, they removed a large rolling stone that
+ blockaded the entrance, and went into what appeared a natural
+ cavern, then closing the inlet. Not a vestige of them
+ remained in sight, and nature seemed to reign alone amidst
+ the sublimest of her works.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Hope again glowed in the breast of Abad; he soon found means
+ for crossing the stream, and marched boldly to the very
+ entrance of the robber's cave, and with all his might
+ attempted to roll the stone from its axis. But here he was
+ again doomed to disappointment: without the possession of the
+ talisman, kept by the captain of the band, he might as well
+ have attempted to roll the mountain on which he stood into
+ the water beneath, as to have shifted the massy portal: the
+ strength of ten thousand men, could their united efforts have
+ been made available at one and the same time, would not have
+ been sufficient even to stir it.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Abad was returning, disappointed and murmuring at his fate,
+ when he bethought himself of the hammer which Muloch, the
+ Spirit of the Mountain, had promised should be of such
+ powerful aid. He hastened to the place where he had left the
+ large instrument, and the next day brought it to the robbers'
+ cave. He was in the act of lifting the massive weight, to
+ have shattered the adamantine stoppage, when he was surprised
+ by a noise behind him. He looked, and saw the banditti
+ trooping up the ravine: they were returning, on horseback,
+ from an expedition of plunder, laden with conquest. Abad
+ hastily, to avoid discovery, struck the large stone with the
+ charmed hammer, when it receded from the blow and, admitting
+ him into the cave, closed itself upon him. The bandit chief,
+ on seeing a stranger enter, ordered his men to advance
+ rapidly up the ravine, which leads from the waters of the
+ Tigris to the very threshold of the cave, embosomed amidst
+ gigantic and stately rocks.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The captain in vain applied the magic talisman to the charmed
+ stone; the more potent shield of Muloch was within. Enraged
+ at being thus thwarted, he demanded admittance. Abad made no
+ reply, but, raising the enchanted hammer against the
+ ponderous bulwark with his whole strength (and he felt as
+ though gifted with more than mortal strength), he, at one
+ tremendous blow, dislodged the stone which had stood at the
+ entrance of the cave, amidst the shock of tempests and the
+ convulsions of nature, from the creation of the
+ world&mdash;as hard as adamant, heavy as gold, and as round
+ as the balls on the cupolas of Bagdad. The bulk rolled down
+ the ravine, bearing with it trees and fragments of rock; men
+ and horses, and all meaner obstructions, were crushed to
+ atoms beneath its weight, as it thundered down the sloping
+ track, and occasionally fell over the steep precipices, which
+ only served to increase its velocity! nor did it stop in its
+ headlong career until it had annihilated the whole of the
+ ranger band, and disappeared amidst the boiling foam of the
+ angry Tigris!
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Abad, wrapt in wonder, cast his eyes on the earth, to view
+ the terrific instrument with which he had performed so
+ wonderful an exploit; but, to add more to his astonishment,
+ the hammer and shield had vanished!
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Curiosity, and the hope of meeting his betrothed, now led him
+ to explore the winding recesses of the mystic cavern, which
+ consisted of numerous archways&mdash;some artificial, others,
+ the natural formation of subterranean rocks, leading to a
+ large apartment, in which were deposited the spoils which a
+ century of plunder had contributed to accumulate. Whilst
+ feasting his eyes on the rich piles of jewellery, and
+ reviewing the bags of gold which everywhere presented
+ themselves, his eyes met the features of a female. He could
+ not be mistaken&mdash;he looked again as she advanced nearer
+ the light&mdash;it was the beauteous Ada, still young and
+ lovely! Bagdad did not possess such a maiden,
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page407" name="page407"></a>[pg
+ 407]</span> nor did poet ever paint a fairer form! Abad
+ thought her nothing inferior to the Houris of Paradise. She
+ fulfilled every expectation through a long and virtuous life,
+ during which time they enjoyed the ill-gotten wealth of the
+ ranger band; and, although the splendour of their living was
+ exceeded only by that of the Caliph's, they were bountiful to
+ their dependents: they built an asylum for the
+ destitute&mdash;were universally beloved and
+ respected&mdash;and their magnificence was only surpassed by
+ their benevolence!
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ CYMBELINE.
+ </p>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <h2>
+ OLD POETS.
+ </h2>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ SHAME.
+ </h3>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ Shame sticks ever close to the ribs of honour,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Great men are never found after it:
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ It leaves some ache or other in their names still,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Which their posterity feels at ev'ry weather.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ MIDDLETON.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ PARENTS.
+ </h3>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p class="i8">
+ From damned deeds abstain,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ From lawless riots and from pleasure's vain;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ If not regarding of thy own degree,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Yet in behalf of thy posterity.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ For we are docible to imitate.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Depraved pleasures though degenerate.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Be careful therefore least thy son admit
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ By ear or eye things filthy or unfit.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ LODGE.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ SIN.
+ </h3>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ Shame follows sin, disgrace is daily given,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Impiety will out, never so closely done,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ No walls can hide us from the eye of heaven,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ For shame must end what wickedness begun,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Forth breaks reproach when we least think thereon.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ DANIELL.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ WISDOM.
+ </h3>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p class="i8">
+ A wise man poor
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Is like a sacred book that's never read,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ T' himself he lives, and to all else seems dead.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ This age thinks better of a gilded fool,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Than of thread-bare saint in Wisdom's school
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ DEKKAR.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ CHARITY.
+ </h3>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ She was a woman in the freshest age,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Of wondrous beauty, and of bounty rare,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ With goodly grace, and comely personage.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ That was on earth not easy to compare,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Full of great love; but Cupid's wanton snare
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ As hell she hated, chaste in work and will,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Her neck and breast were ever open bare,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ That aye thereof her babes might suck their fill,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The rest was all in yellow robes arrayed still,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ A multitude of babes about her hung,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Playing their sports that joyed her to behold,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Whom still she fed, while they were weak and young,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ But thrust them forth still as they waxed old,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ And on her head she wore a tire of gold;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Adorn'd with gems and ouches fair,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Whose passing price unneath was to be told,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ And by her side there sat a gentle pair
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Of turtle-doves, she sitting in an ivory chair.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ SPENSER.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <hr />
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza"></div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ It is a work of Charity God knows,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The reconcilement of two mortal foes.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ MIDDLETON.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ COURAGE.
+ </h3>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ When the air is calm and still, as dead and deaf
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ And under heaven quakes not an aspen leaf:
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ When seas are calm and thousand vessels fleet
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Upon the sleeping seas with passage sweet;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ And when the variant wind is still and lone
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The cunning pilot never can be known:
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ But when the cruel storm doth threat the bark
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ To drown in deeps of pits infernal dark,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ While tossing tears both rudder, mast, and sail,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ While mounting, seems the azure skies to scale,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ While drives perforce upon some deadly shore,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ There is the pilot known, and not before.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ T. HUDSON.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ ENVY.
+ </h3>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ The knotty oak and wainscot old,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Within doth eat the silly worm:
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Even so a mind in envy cold,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Always within itself doth burn.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ FITZ JEFFRY.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ OPINION.
+ </h3>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ Opinion is as various as light change,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Now speaking courtlike, friendly, straight as strange,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ She's any humour's perfect parasite,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Displeas'd with her, and pleas'd with her delight.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ She is the echo of inconstancy,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Soothing her no with nay, her ay with yea.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ GUILPIN.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ SLANDER.
+ </h3>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ Happy is he that lives in such a sort
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ That need not fear the tongues of false report.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ EARL OF SURREY.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ SLEEP.
+ </h3>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ By care lay heavy Sleep the cousin of Death,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Flat on the ground, and still as any stone;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ A very corpse, save yielding forth a breath,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Small keep took he whom Fortune frown'd on,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Or whom she lifted up into a throne
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Of high renown; but as a living death
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ So dead alive, of life he drew the breath.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ SACKVILLE.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ WAR.
+ </h3>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p class="i8">
+ War the mistress of enormity,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Mother of mischief, monster of deformity,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Laws, manners, arts, she breaks, she mars, she chases,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Blood, tears, bowers, towers, she spills, smites, burns,
+ and rases,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Her brazen teeth shake all the earth asunder;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Her mouth a fire brand, her voice is thunder;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Her looks are lightning, every glance a flash,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Her fingers guns, that all to powder plash,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Fear and despair, flight and disorder, coast
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ With hasty march before her murderous host,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ As burning, rape, waste, wrong, impiety,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Rage, ruin, discord, horror, cruelty,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Sack, sacrilege, impunity, pride.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Are still stern consorts by her barbarous side;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ And poverty, sorrow, and desolation,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Follow her army's bloody transmigration.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ SYLVESTER.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ EXCELLENCE.
+ </h3>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ Of all chaste birds the phoenix doth excel,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Of all strong beasts the lion bears the bell,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Of all sweet flowers the rose doth sweetest smell.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Of all pure metals gold is only purest,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Of all the trees the pine hath highest crest.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Of all proud birds the eagle pleaseth Jove,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Of pretty fowls kind Venus likes the dove,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Of trees Minerva doth the olive move.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ LODGE.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <p>
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page408" name="page408"></a>[pg
+ 408]</span>
+ </p>
+ <h2>
+ THE NATURALIST.
+ </h2>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ COCHINEAL INSECT AND PLANT.
+ </h3>
+ <div class="figure" style="width: 50%; float: left;">
+ <a href="images/404-2.png"><img width="100%"
+ src="images/404-2.png" alt="Cochineal insect and Plant." />
+ </a>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ The frequent mention of the Cochineal Insect and Plant in our
+ pages will, probably, render the annexed cut of more than
+ ordinary interest to our readers.<a id="footnotetag3"
+ name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a>
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The plant on which the Cochineal Insect is found, is called
+ the <i>Nopal</i>, a species of Opuntia, or Prickly Pear,
+ which abounds on all the coasts of the Mediterranean; and is
+ thus described by Mr. Thompson, in his work entitled,
+ <i>Official Visit to Guatemala;</i> "The nopal is a plant
+ consisting of little stems, but expanding itself into wide,
+ thick leaves, more or less prickly according to its different
+ kind: one or two of these leaves being set as one plant, at
+ the distance of two or three feet square from each other, are
+ inoculated with the cochineal, which, I scarcely need say, is
+ an insect; it is the same as if you would take the blight off
+ an apple or other common tree, and rub a small portion of it
+ on another tree free from the contagion, when the consequence
+ would be, that the tree so inoculated would become covered
+ with the blight; a small quantity of the insects in question
+ is sufficient for each plant, which in proportion as it
+ increases its leaves, is sure to be covered with this costly
+ parasite. When the plant is perfectly saturated, the
+ cochineal is scraped off with great care. The plants are not
+ very valuable for the first year, but they may be estimated
+ as yielding after the second year, from a dollar and a half
+ profit on each plant."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The insect is famous for the fine scarlet dye which it
+ communicates to wool and silk. The females yield the best
+ colour, and are in number to the males as three hundred to
+ one. Cochineal was at first supposed to be a grain, which
+ name it retains by way of eminence among dyers, but
+ naturalists soon discovered it to be an insect. Its present
+ importance in dyeing is an excellent illustration of
+ chemistry applied to the arts; for long after its
+ introduction, it gave but a dull kind of <i>crimson</i>, till
+ a chemist named Kuster, who settled at Bow, near London,
+ about the middle of the sixteenth century, discovered the use
+ of the solution of tin, and the means of preparing with it
+ and cochineal, a durable and beautiful scarlet.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Fine cochineal, which has been well dried and properly kept,
+ ought to be of a grey colour inclining to purple. The grey is
+ owing to a powder which covers it naturally, a part of which
+ it still retains; the purple tinge proceeds from the colour
+ extracted by the water in which it has been killed. Cochineal
+ will keep a long time in a dry place. Hellot says, that he
+ tried some one hundred and thirty years old, and found it
+ produce the same effect as new.
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ LARGE CHESTNUT-TREE.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ There is now in the neigbourhood of Dovercourt, in Essex,
+ upon the estate of Sir T. Gaisford, a chestnut-tree fifty-six
+ feet in circumference, which flourishes well, and has had a
+ very good crop of chestnuts for many years.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ J.T.
+ </p>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <h2>
+ SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+ </h2>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ I'D BE AN ALDERMAN
+ </h3>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ I'd be an Alderman, born in the City,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Where haunches of venison and green turtles meet
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Seeking in Leadenliall, reckless of pity,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Birds, beast, and fish, that the knowing ones eat
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ I'd never languish for want of a luncheon.
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ I'd never grieve for the want of a treat;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ I'd be an Alderman, constantly munching,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Where haunches of venison and green turtles meet.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ Oh! could I wheedle the votes at the vestry,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ I'd have a share of those good sav'ry things;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Enchained by turkey, in love with the pastry.
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ And floating in Champagne, while Bow bells ring.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page409"
+ name="page409"></a>[pg 409]</span>
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Those who are cautious are skinny and fretful,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Hunger, alas! naught but ill-humour brings;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ I'd be an Alderman, rich with a net full,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Rolling in Guildhall, whilst old Bow bells ring.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ What though you tell me that prompt apoplexy
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Grins o'er the glories of Lord Mayor's Day,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 'Tis better, my boy, than blue devils to vex ye,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Or ling'ring consumption to gnaw you away.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Some in their folly take black-draught and blue-pill,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ And ask ABERNETHY their fate to delay;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ I'd he an Alderman, WAITHMAN'S apt pupil,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Failing when dinner things are clearing away.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ <i>Monthly Magazine.</i>
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ A PROVINCIAL REPUTATION.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ I once resided in a country town; I will not specify whether
+ that town was Devizes or Doncaster, Beverley or Brighton: I
+ think it highly reprehensible in a writer to be
+ <i>personal</i>, and scarcely more venial do I consider the
+ fault of him who presumes to be <i>local</i>. I will,
+ however, state, that my residence lay among the manufacturing
+ districts; but lest any of my readers should be misled by
+ that avowal, I must inform them, that in my estimation
+ <i>all</i> country towns, from the elegant Bath, down to the
+ laborious Bristol, are (whatever their respective polite or
+ mercantile inhabitants may say to the contrary), positively,
+ comparatively, and superlatively, manufacturing towns!
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Club-rooms, ball-rooms, card-tables, and confectioners'
+ shops, are the <i>factories;</i> and gossips, both male and
+ female, are the <i>labouring classes</i>. Norwich boasts of
+ the durability of her stuffs; the manufacturers I allude to
+ weave a web more flimsy. The stuff of tomorrow will seldom be
+ the same that is publicly worn to-day; and were it not for
+ the zeal and assiduity of the labourers, we should want
+ novelties to replace the stuff that is worn out hour by hour.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ No man or woman who ever ventures to deviate from the beaten
+ track should ever live in a country town. The gossips all
+ turn from the task of nibbling one another, and the character
+ of the <i>lusus naturae</i> becomes public property. I am the
+ mother of a family, and I am known to have written romances.
+ My husband, in an evil hour, took a fancy to a house at a
+ watering-place, which, by way of distinction, I shall
+ designate by the appellation of <i>Pumpington Wells</i>:
+ there we established ourselves in the year 1800.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The <i>manufacturers</i> received us with a great show of
+ civility, exhibiting to us the most recent stuff, and
+ discussing the merits of the newest fabrications. We,
+ however, were not used to trouble ourselves about matters
+ that did not concern us, and we soon offended them.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ We turned a deaf ear to all evil communications. If we were
+ told that Mr. A., "though fond of show, starved his
+ servants," we replied, we did not wish to listen to the tale.
+ If we heard that Mr. B. though uxorious in public, was known
+ to beat his wife in private, we cared not for the matrimonial
+ anecdote. When maiden ladies assured us that Mrs. C. cheated
+ at cards, we smiled, for we had no <i>dealings</i> with her;
+ and when we were told that Mrs. D. never paid her bills, we
+ repeated not the account to the next person we met; for as we
+ were not her creditors, her accounts concerned us not.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ We settled ourselves, much to our satisfaction, in our
+ provincial abode: it was a watering-place, which my husband,
+ as a bachelor, had frequented during its annual season.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ As a watering-place he knew it well. Such places are vastly
+ entertaining to visiters, having no "local habitation," and
+ no "name"&mdash;caring not for the politics of the place, and
+ where, if any thing displeases them, they may pay for their
+ lodgings, order post-horses, and never suffer their names to
+ appear in the arrival book again.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ But with those who <i>live</i> at watering-places, it is
+ quite another affair. For the first six months we were deemed
+ a great acquisition. There were two or three <i>sets</i> in
+ Pumpington Wells&mdash;the good, the bad, and the
+ indifferent. The bad left their cards, and asked us to
+ dances, the week we arrived; the indifferent knocked at our
+ door in the first month; and even before the end of the
+ second, we were on the visiting lists of the good. We knew
+ enough of society to be aware that it is impolitic to rush
+ into the embraces of <i>all</i> the arms that are extended to
+ receive strangers; but feeling no wish to affront any one in
+ return for an intended civility, we gave card for card; and
+ the doors of good, bad, and indifferent, received our names.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ All seemed to infer, that the amicable gauntlet, which had
+ been thrown down, having been courteously taken up, the
+ ungloved hands were forthwith to be grasped in token of good
+ fellowship; we had left our <i>names</i> for them, and by the
+ invitations that poured in upon us, they seemed to say with
+ Juliet&mdash;
+ </p>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ "And <i>for</i> thy <i>name</i>, which is no part of
+ thee,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Take all myself."
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ No man, not even a provincial, can visit every body; and it
+ seems but fair, that if a selection is to be made, all should
+ interchange the hospitalities of
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page410" name="page410"></a>[pg
+ 410]</span> life with those persons in whose society they
+ feel the greatest enjoyment.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Many a dinner, therefore, did we decline&mdash;many a route
+ did we reject; my husband's popularity tottered, and the
+ inviters, though they no longer dinned their dinners in our
+ ears, and teazed us with their "teas," vowed secret
+ vengeance, and muttered "curses, not loud, but deep."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ I have hinted that we had no scandalous capabilities; and
+ though slander flashed around us, we seldom admitted morning
+ visiters, and our street-door was a non-conductor.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ But our next door neighbours were maiden ladies, who <i>had
+ been</i> younger, and, to use a common term of commiseration,
+ had seen better days&mdash;by which, I mean the days of
+ bloom, natural hair, partners, and the probability of
+ husbands.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Their vicinity to us was an infinite comfort to the town, for
+ those who were unable to gain admittance at our door to
+ disturb our business and desires,
+ </p>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ "For every man has business and desire,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Such as they are,"
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ were certain of better success at our neighbours', where they
+ at least could gain some information about us "from
+ eye-witnesses who resided on the spot."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>My</i> sins were numbered, so were my new bonnets; and for
+ a time my husband was pitied, because "he had an extravagant
+ wife;" but when it was ascertained that his plate was
+ handsome, his dinner satisfactory in its removes, and
+ <i>comme il faut</i> in its courses, those whose feet had
+ never been within our door, saw clearly "how it must all end,
+ and really felt for our trades-people."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ I have acknowledged that I had written romances; the
+ occupation was to me a source of amusement; and as I had been
+ successful, my husband saw no reason why he should discourage
+ me. A scribbling fool, <i>in</i> or <i>out</i> of petticoats,
+ should be forbidden the use of pen, ink, and paper; but my
+ husband had too much sense to heed the vulgar cry of "blue
+ stocking." After a busy month passed in London, we saw my new
+ novel sent forth to the public, and then returned to our
+ mansion at Pumpington Wells.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ As we drove up to our door, our virgin neighbours gazed on
+ us, if possible, with more than their former interest. They
+ wiped their spectacles; with glances of commiseration they
+ saw us alight, and with unwearied scrutiny they witnessed the
+ removal of our luggage from the carriage. We went
+ out&mdash;every body stared at us&mdash;the people we
+ <i>did</i> know touched the hands we extended, and hastened
+ on as if fearful of infection; the people we <i>did not</i>
+ know whispered as they passed us, and looked back afterwards;
+ the men servants seemed full of mysterious flurry when we
+ left our cards at the doors of acquaintances, and the
+ maid-servants peeped at us up the areas; the shopkeepers came
+ from their counters to watch us down the streets&mdash;and
+ all was whispering and wonder.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ I could not make it out; was it to see the authoress? No; I
+ had been an authoress when they last saw me. Was it the
+ brilliant success of my new work? It <i>could</i> be nothing
+ else.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ My husband met a maiden lady, and bowed to her; she passed on
+ without deigning to notice him. I spoke to an insipid man who
+ had always bored me with his unprofitable intimacy, and he
+ looked another way! The next lady we noticed tossed her head,
+ as if she longed to toss it <i>at</i> us; and the next man we
+ met opened his eyes astonishingly wide, and said&mdash;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Are <i>you</i> here! Dear me! I was told you could not show
+ your&mdash;I mean, did not mean to return!"
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ There was evidently some mystery, and we determined to wait
+ patiently for its developement. "If," said I, "it bodes us
+ <i>good</i>, time will unravel it." "And if," said my
+ husband, "it bodes us evil, some d&mdash;d good-natured
+ friend will tell us all about it."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ We had friends at Pumpington Wells, and good ones too, but no
+ friend enlightened us; that task devolved upon an
+ acquaintance, a little slim elderly man, so frivolous and so
+ garrulous, that he only wanted a turban, some rouge, and a
+ red satin gown, to become the most perfect of old women.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ He shook his head simultaneously as he shook our hands, and
+ his little grey eyes twinkled with delight, while he
+ professed to feel for us both the deepest commiseration.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "You are cut," said he; "its all up with you in Pumpington
+ Wells."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Pray be explicit," said I faintly, and dreading some cruel
+ calumny, or plot against my peace.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "You've done the most impolitic thing! the most
+ hazardous"&mdash;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Sir!" said my husband, grasping his cane.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "I lament it," said the little man, turning to me; "your book
+ has done it for you."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ I thought of the reviews, and trembled.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "How <i>could</i> you," continued our tormentor,
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page411" name="page411"></a>[pg
+ 411]</span> "how could you put the Pumpington Wells people in
+ your novel?"
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "The Pumpington Wells people!&mdash;Nonsense; there are good
+ and bad people in my novel, and there are good and bad people
+ in Pumpington Wells; but you flatter the good, if you think
+ that when I dipped my pen in praise, I limited my sketches to
+ the virtuous of this place; and what is worse, <i>you</i>
+ libel the bad if you assert that my sketches of vice were
+ meant personally to apply to the vicious who reside here."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "<i>I</i> libel&mdash;<i>I</i> assert!" said the old
+ lady-like little man; "not <i>I</i>!&mdash;every body says
+ so!"
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "You may laugh," replied my mentor and tormentor combined,
+ "but personality can be proved against you; and all the
+ friends and relations of Mr. Flaw declare you meant the bad
+ man of your book for him."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "His friends and relations are too kind to him."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Then you have an irregular character in your book, and Mrs.
+ Blemish's extensive circle of intimates assert that nothing
+ can be more pointed than your allusion to <i>her</i> conduct
+ and <i>her</i> character."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "And pray what do these persons say about it themselves?"
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "They are outrageous, and go about the town absolutely wild."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Fitting the caps on themselves?"
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The little scarecrow shook his head once more; and declaring
+ that we should see he had spoken too true, departed, and then
+ lamented so fluently to every body the certainty of our being
+ <i>cut</i>, that every body began to believe him.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ I have hinted that <i>my</i> bonnets and my husband's plate
+ occasioned heartburnings: no&mdash;that is not a correct
+ term, the <i>heart</i> has nothing to do with such
+ exhalations&mdash;bile collects elsewhere.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Those who had conspired to pull my husband from the throne of
+ his popularity, because their parties excited in us no
+ <i>party spirit</i>, and we abstained from hopping at their
+ hops, found, to their consternation, that when the novelty of
+ my <i>novel</i> misdemeanour was at an end, we went on as if
+ nothing had occurred. However, they still possessed heaven's
+ best gift, the use of their tongues, they said of us
+ everything bad which they knew to be false, and which they
+ wished to see realized.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Their forlorn hope was our "extravagance." "Never mind," said
+ one, "Christmas must come round, and <i>then</i> we shall
+ see."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ When once the match of insinuation is applied to the train of
+ rumoured difficulties, the suspicion that has been
+ smouldering for awhile bounces at once into a <i>report</i>,
+ and very shortly its echo is bounced in every parlour in a
+ provincial town.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Long bills, that had been accustomed to wait for payment
+ until Christmas, now lay on my table at midsummer; and
+ tradesmen, who drove dennetts to cottages once every evening,
+ sent short civil notes, regretting their utter inability to
+ make up a sum of money by Saturday night, unless <i>I</i>
+ favoured them, by the bearer, with the sum of ten pounds,
+ "the amount of my little account."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Dennett-driving drapers actually threatened to fail for the
+ want of ten pounds!&mdash;pastry-cooks, who took their
+ families regularly "to summer at the sea," assisted the
+ <i>counter</i>-plot, and prematurely dunned my husband!
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ It is not always convenient to pay sums at midsummer, which
+ we had been in the habit of paying at Christmas; if, however,
+ a single applicant was refused, a new rumour of inability was
+ started and hunted through the town before night. People
+ walked by our house, looking up wistfully at the windows;
+ others peeped down the area, to see what we had for dinner.
+ One <i>gentleman</i> went to our butcher, to inquire how much
+ we owed him; and one <i>lady</i> narrowly escaped a legal
+ action, because when she saw a few pipkins lying on the
+ counter of a crockery-ware man, directed to me, she
+ incautiously said, in the hearing of one of my servants, "Are
+ you paid for your pipkins?&mdash;ah, it's well if you ever
+ get your money!"
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Christmas came at last; bills were paid, and my husband did
+ not owe a shilling in Pumpington Wells. Like the old ladies
+ in the besieged city, the gossips looked at us, wondering
+ when the havoc would begin.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Ho who mounts the ladder of life, treading step by step upon
+ the identical footings marked out, <i>may</i> live in a
+ provincial town. When we want to drink spa waters, or vary
+ the scene, we now visit watering-places; but rather than
+ force me to live at one again, "stick me up," as <i>Andrew
+ Fairservice</i> says, in <i>Rob Roy</i>, "as a regimental
+ target for ball-practice." We have long ceased to live in
+ Pumpington.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Fleeting are the tints of the rainbow&mdash;perishable the
+ leaf of the rose&mdash;variable the love of
+ woman&mdash;uncertain the sunbeam of April; but naught on
+ earth can be fleeting; so perishable, so variable, or so
+ uncertain, as the popularity of a provincial reputation.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Monthly Magazine.</i>
+ </p>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <p>
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page412" name="page412"></a>[pg
+ 412]</span>
+ </p>
+ <h2>
+ LONDON LYRICS.
+ </h2>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ JACK JONES, THE RECRUIT.&mdash;A HINT FROM OVID.
+ </h3>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ Jack Jones was a toper: they say that some how
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ He'd a foot always ready to kick up a row;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ And, when half-seas over, a quarrel he pick'd,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ To keep up the row he had previously kick'd.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ He spent all, then borrow'd at twenty per cent.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ His mistress fought shy when his money was spent,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ So he went for a soldier; he could not do less,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ And scorn'd his fair Fanny for hugging brown Bess.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ "Halt&mdash;Wheel into line!" and "Attention&mdash;Eyes
+ right!"
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Put Bacchus, and Venus, and Momus to flight
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ But who can depict half the sorrows he felt
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ When he dyed his mustachios and pipe-clay'd his belt?
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ When Sergeant Rattan, at Aurora's red peep,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Awaken'd his tyros by bawling&mdash;"Two deep!"
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Jack Jones would retort, with a half-suppress'd sigh,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Ay! too deep by half for such ninnies as I."
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ Quoth Jones&mdash;"'Twas delightful the bushes to beat
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ With a gun in my hand and a dog at my feet,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ But the game at the Horse-Guards is different, good lack!
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Tis a gun in my hand and a cat at my back."
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ To Bacchus, his saint, our dejected recruit.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ One morn, about drill time, thus proffer'd his
+ suit&mdash;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Oh make me a sparrow, a wasp, or an ape&mdash;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ All's one, so I get at the juice of the grape."
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ The God was propitious&mdash;he instantly found
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ His ten toes distend and take root in the ground;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ His back was a stem, and his belly was bark,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ And his hair in green leaves overshadow'd the Park.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ Grapes clustering hung o'er his grenadier cap,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ His blood became juice, and his marrow was sap:
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Till nothing was left of the muscles and bones
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ That form'd the identical toper, Jack Jones.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ Transform'd to a vine, he is still seen on guard,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ At his former emporium in Great Scotland-yard;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ And still, though a vine, like his fellow-recruits,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ He is train'd, after listing, his ten-drills, and shoots.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ <i>New Monthly Magazine</i>.
+ </p>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <h2>
+ THE SELECTOR; AND LITERARY NOTICES OF <i>NEW WORKS</i>.
+ </h2>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ THE JUVENILE KEEPSAKE,
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ Edited by Mr. Thomas Roscoe, and dedicated to Professor
+ Wilson, is no less attractive than its "Juvenile" rivals.
+ Indeed, a few of the tales take a higher range than either of
+ theirs,&mdash;as the Children's Island, an interesting Story,
+ from the French of Madame Genlis; the Ball Dress; the Snow
+ Storm; and the Deserted Village. The Heir of Newton Buzzard,
+ a Tale in four cantos, by the late Mrs. John Hunter, is
+ perhaps one of the prettiest juvenile novelties of the
+ season. It is divided into
+ Infancy&mdash;Childhood&mdash;Boyhood&mdash;and
+ Youth&mdash;all which contain much amusement and moral point
+ without dulness. We have not room for an entire story, but
+ select one of Miss Mitford's village portraits:
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Dash was as beautiful a dog as eyes could be set on; one of
+ the large old English Spaniels which are now so rare, with a
+ superb head, like those which you see in Spanish pictures,
+ and such ears! they more than met over his pretty spotted
+ nose; and when he lapped his milk, dipped into the pan at
+ least two inches. His hair was long and shiny and wavy, not
+ curly, partly of a rich dark liver colour, partly of a
+ silvery white, and beautifully feathered about the thighs and
+ legs. He was extremely lively and intelligent, and had a sort
+ of circular motion, a way of flinging himself quite round on
+ his hind feet, something after the fashion in which the
+ French dancers twist themselves round on one leg, which not
+ only showed unusual agility in a dog of his size, but gave
+ token of the same spirit and animation which sparkled in his
+ bright hazel eye. Anything of eagerness or impatience was
+ sure to excite this motion, and George Dinely gravely assured
+ his sisters, when they at length joined him in the hall, that
+ Dash had flung himself round six and twenty times whilst
+ waiting the conclusion of their quarrel.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Getting into the lawn and the open air did not tend to
+ diminish Dash's glee or his capers, and the young party
+ walked merrily on; George telling of school pranks and school
+ misfortunes&mdash;the having lost or spoilt four hats since
+ Easter, seemed rather to belong to the first class of
+ adventures than the second&mdash;his sisters listening
+ dutifully and wonderingly; and Dash, following his own
+ devices, now turning up a mouse's nest from a water furrow in
+ the park&mdash;now springing a covey of young partridges in a
+ corn field&mdash;now plunging his whole hairy person in the
+ brook; and now splashing Miss Helen from head to foot? by
+ ungallantly jumping over her whilst crossing a stile, being
+ thereunto prompted by a whistle from his young master, who
+ had, with equal want of gallantry, leapt the stile first
+ himself, and left his sisters to get over as they could;
+ until at last the whole party, having passed the stile, and
+ crossed the bridge, and turned the churchyard corner, found
+ themselves in the shady recesses of the vicarage-lane, and in
+ full view of the vine-covered cottage of Nurse Simmons."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Our closing extract is from "Anecdotes of South African
+ Baboons," by Thomas Pringle, Esq.:
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "It is the practice of these animals to descend from their
+ rocky fastnesses in order to enjoy themselves on the banks of
+ the mountain rivulets, and to feed on the nutritious bulbs
+ which grow in the fertile valley ground. While thus occupied,
+ they generally take care to be within reach of a steep crag,
+ or precipice, to which they may fly for refuge on the
+ appearance of an enemy; and one of their number is always
+ placed as a sentinel on some large stone, or other prominent
+ position, in order to give timely warning to the rest, of the
+ approach of danger. It has frequently been my lot, when
+ riding through the secluded valleys of that country, to come
+ suddenly, on turning a corner of a wild glen, upon a troop of
+ forty or fifty baboons thus quietly congregated. Instantly on
+ my appearance, a loud cry of alarm being raised by the
+ sentinel, the whole tribe would scamper off with
+ precipitation; splashing through the stream, and then
+ scrambling with most marvellous agility up the opposite
+ cliffs, often several hundred feet in height, and where no
+ other creature without wings, certainly, could attempt to
+ follow them; the large males bringing up the rear-guard,
+ ready to turn with fury upon the dogs, if any attempted to
+ molest them; the females, with their young ones in their
+ arms, or on their shoulders, clinging with arms clasped
+ closely round the mothers' necks. And thus climbing, and
+ chattering, and squalling, they would ascend the almost
+ perpendicular crags, while I looked on and watched
+ them&mdash;interested by the almost human affection which
+ they evinced for their mates and their offspring; and
+ sometimes not a little amused, also, by the angry
+ vociferation with which the old ones would scold me when they
+ had got fairly upon the rocks, and felt themselves secure
+ from pursuit."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ There are Seven Plates and a Vignette, and a glazed,
+ ornamented cover which will withstand the wear and tear of
+ the little play or book-room.
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ PICTURE OF SHEFFIELD.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ (<i>Concluded from page 396</i>.)
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ In the manufacture of a razor, it proceeds through a dozen
+ hands; but it is afterwards submitted to a process of
+ grinding, by which the concavity is perfected, and the fine
+ edge produced. They are made from 1 s. per dozen, to 20 s.
+ per razor, in which last the handle is valued at 16s.6d.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Scissors, in like manner, are made by hand, and every pair
+ passes through sixteen or seventeen hands, including fifty or
+ sixty operations, before they are ready for sale. Common
+ scissors are cast, and when riveted, are sold as low as 4s.
+ 6d. per gross! Small pocket knives, too, are cast, both in
+ blades and handles, and sold at 6 s. per gross, or a
+ halfpenny each! These low articles are exported in vast
+ quantities in casks to all parts of the world.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Snuffers and trays are also articles of extensive
+ production, and the latter are ornamented with landscapes,
+ etched by a Sheffield artist, on a resinous varnish, and
+ finished by being dipped in diluted nitric acid for a few
+ seconds or minutes.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Messrs. Rodgers also introduced me to an extensive range of
+ workshops for the manufacture of plated and silver ware, in
+ which are produced the most superb breakfast and dinner
+ services. The method of making the silver plate here and at
+ Birmingham merits special notice, because the ancient method
+ was by dissolving mercury in nitrous acid, dipping the
+ copper, and depending on the affinity of the metals, by which
+ a very slight article was produced. But at Sheffield and
+ Birmingham, all plate is now produced by rolling ingots of
+ copper and silver together. About the eighth of an inch in
+ thickness of silver is united by heat to an inch of copper in
+ ingots about the size of a brick. It is then flattened by
+ steel rollers worked by an eighty horse power. The greater
+ malleability of the silver occasions it to spread equally
+ with the copper into a sheet of any required thickness,
+ according to the nature of the article for which it is
+ wanted. I saw some pieces of plated metal, the eighth of an
+ inch thick, rolled by hand into ten times their surface, the
+ silver spreading equally; and I was told that the plating
+ would be perfect if the rolling had reduced it to the
+ thinness of silver paper! This mode of plating secures to
+ modern plate a durability not possessed by any plate silvered
+ by immersion. Hence plated goods are now sought all over the
+ world, and, if fairly used, are nearly as durable as silver
+ itself. Of this material, dinner and dessert services have
+ been manufactured from 50 to 300 guineas, and breakfast sets
+ from 10 to 200 guineas, as sold on the spot.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "At Sheffield are actually cast and finished, most, if not
+ all, the parts of grates sold as their own make by the London
+ furnishing ironmongers. Their names are placed on them, but,
+ in truth, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page413"
+ name="page413"></a>[pg 413]</span> they merely put the parts
+ together. I saw in Messrs. Picklay's rooms superior castings
+ for backs of grates, little inferior in delicacy to plaster
+ of Paris; and for grates connected with one of these
+ patterns, I was told 100 guineas each was lately paid by a
+ northern squire. Grates with folding doors are made here as
+ well as at Chesterfield. The doors are in half heights, so as
+ to serve two purposes, and grates so supplied sell for about
+ two guineas extra. Mr. Picklay has brought the kitchen range
+ to great perfection. With one fire he roasts, boils with
+ water and steam, and bakes. Economy and completeness were
+ never more usefully combined; and a public establishment in
+ Sheffield is fitted with one which has cooked a dinner
+ complete for above three hundred persons. It cost nearly
+ &pound;300, but such grates for small families may be had at
+ ten guineas.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "The mercantile part of the Sheffield trade is performed
+ chiefly by travellers, but the principal shops in London deal
+ directly with the manufacturers here. To humour public
+ prejudice in regard to "<i>Town make</i>," as it is called,
+ and to serve as an advertisement for various retailers in
+ London and other large towns, their connexions in Sheffield
+ keep steel brands, with which their names are placed on the
+ articles, and they thereby pass with the public as the real
+ manufacturers. I saw in different workshops, in Sheffield,
+ the steel brands of our famous <i>town makers</i>, and the
+ articles in wholesale quantities packing up to meet the
+ demand in London for "<i>real town made</i>." This is a
+ standing joke at the expense of cockney credulity among the
+ Sheffield cutlers.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Sheffield is noted for the manufacture of superior files;
+ and many anecdotes are told of the artifices which have been
+ made use of to aggrandize or to repudiate the celebrity of
+ the marks of some well-known makers.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "In Sheffield generally the workmen get from 20s. to 24s. per
+ week. Dry grinders get &pound;2, and some &pound;5 or
+ &pound;6, and these high wages are paid as an equivalent for
+ the shortness of life. Many women are employed as filers,
+ burnishers, polishers, finishers, &amp;c. &amp;c.; and they
+ get from 6s. to 12s. per week.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Very <i>fine</i> cutlery is manufactured by Mr. Crawshaw. I
+ saw in his warehouse all those elegant patterns of pen-knives
+ which, in the best shops of London, Bath, &amp;c. excite so
+ much admiration. His lobster knives, with four or more
+ blades, on slit springs, with pearl and tortoiseshell
+ handles, are the most perfect productions of British
+ manufacture. His pen-knives with rounded or beveled backs, to
+ turn in the quill and shave the point, are simple and
+ effective improvements. He showed me plain pocket-knives so
+ highly finished, that the first cost is 38s., yet so
+ deceptive is cutlery, that I might have preferred others
+ which I saw at only 7s. or 8s. It is the same in regard to
+ the scissors of Champion and Son,&mdash;articles at two or
+ three guineas did not appear to my uninstructed eye worth
+ more than others at a few shillings; yet in all these high
+ priced articles, nearly the whole cost is in workmanship, and
+ there are but few workmen who can produce them. At the same
+ time, Mr. Crawshaw deals in pen-knives at 5s. per dozen, and
+ Mr. Champion in scissors at 2s. or 3s. per dozen.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "The novelties and curiosities in this way are extremely
+ numerous, and the makers and inventers are as modest and
+ communicative as they are original and ingenious. Thus a
+ knife an inch long, weighing eight pennyweights six grains,
+ containing seventy odd blades and instruments, cost &pound;30
+ in making: scissors the eighth of an inch long, twenty-five
+ of which weigh but a grain, sold at 3s. per pair: a knife,
+ mounted in gold and pearl, containing thirty blades, is
+ valued at &pound;30; pocket-knives with twenty-six parts are
+ sold at six guineas; the very best two blades mounted with
+ pearl and gold, made by Crawshaw, are in common sale at two
+ guineas in Sheffield. Messrs. Champion are esteemed the best
+ makers of scissors; and ladies' working scissors, in general
+ commerce, are finished and mounted as high as five or ten
+ guineas. The best pocket-knives are made by Crawshaw, and
+ fetch, in mounting, from two to five guineas. He is also the
+ general maker of what are called the 'best town made.' I may
+ here add, that Messrs. Champion can make a single set of
+ table knives and forks, the fair market price of which would
+ be 100 guineas.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "The mechanical ingenuity of Mr. Crawshaw has also been
+ displayed in the construction of AN ORRERY consisting of at
+ least 1,000 wheels, which, by a single winch, turns all the
+ planets in their respective periods; and also the whole of
+ the satellites, including those of Herschell. This orrery,
+ perhaps the completest in the world, was made in all its
+ details by this gentleman, and, in its wheel-work, is an
+ astonishing production.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "One of the wonders of Sheffield is its Grinding
+ Establishments. To aid <span class="pagenum"><a id="page414"
+ name="page414"></a>[pg 414]</span> the grinders, companies
+ have erected very spacious buildings divided into small
+ rooms, and provided the whole with steam engines. The rooms
+ are then let out by the month to master grinders; and at
+ properly adjusted grindstones in each room I saw every
+ variety of grinding, sharpening, and polishing. The finest
+ work is polished by hand, and in this slavery I saw the
+ delicate hands of the superior sex solely employed. The
+ payment is trifling; but I was told that the hand of woman is
+ the softest, most pliable, and most accommodating tool which
+ has yet been discovered for conferring the finest polish on
+ the refractory substance of steel. Can we wonder at its
+ effect in softening the ruggedness of the other sex, and how
+ hard must be the heart of that man which does not yield to an
+ influence which subdues even the hardness of steel.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "The manufacture of spectacles, telescopes, microscopes, etc.
+ is carried on to a great extent in Sheffield. Above five
+ gross per day are ground of convex and concave glasses in one
+ shop. Concave basins cast in iron of the radii of curvature
+ of proposed lenses are fixed in rows on a frame, and rubbed
+ with water and emery. A concentric convex basin is then
+ covered with round pieces of plate glass fixed with pitch;
+ and the convex stir face, with its glass pieces, is then
+ turned and <i>wabbled</i> in the concave basin by steam
+ power. In this manner from six to twelve dozen glasses are
+ ground at once by one basin working within the other on an
+ eccentric axle which <i>wabbles</i> the inner basin while it
+ is revolved. Of course, in time, i.e. in eight or ten hours,
+ the glasses are so abraded, that the outside of one basin
+ exactly fits the other, and the lenses between are of the
+ true curvature. They are then knocked off the pitch; turned
+ and worked on the other side, on the second day; cleaned with
+ spirit of tar, rounded or clipt with blunt scissors, and
+ fitted in spectacle frames or tubes. In Mr. Cutt's factory I
+ saw twenty-six of these basins for spectacles, and about
+ eighteen for telescopes and microscopes; several being at
+ work."
+ </p>
+ <center>
+ <i>Fine Arts.</i>
+ </center>
+ <p>
+ "The Sheffield trades require and promote the Fine Arts in
+ many ways. Chantrey was a carver and gilder here, and many
+ persons in Sheffield were his first patrons, when he began to
+ model. He was a native of Norton, where his parents still
+ reside, and his first youthful employment was that of
+ bringing milk to the town on asses, as is the present custom.
+ At present, Mr. Law is an exquisite modeller in wax; and
+ there are some ladies who copy the best pictures with a
+ degree of taste and perfection which is astonishing. I allude
+ particularly to those of Miss Green, of Westville House, and
+ Miss Sambourne, at Highfield Green. Then this district
+ possesses a treasure in Mr. Cowen, of Rotherham, whose merit
+ as a landscape painter, has recommended him to the zealous
+ patronage of Earl Fitzwilliam and the Duke of Devonshire. I
+ confess I have never seen more exquisitely finished and more
+ poetical productions."
+ </p>
+ <center>
+ <i>Improvements, &amp;c.</i>
+ </center>
+ <p>
+ "The Shrewsbury Hospital, at Sheffield, has lately been
+ rebuilt in an improved situation, by Messrs. Woodhead and
+ Hurst, of Doncaster. It accommodates eighteen aged men and
+ eighteen women in a very convenient manner. It has been
+ liberally supported by the present Duke of Norfolk, and is
+ managed by trustees of his nomination. The men are allowed
+ 10s. per week, and the women 8s. There is also another
+ hospital, founded by a Mr. Hollis, a Sheffield cutler; as a
+ provision for sixteen cutlers' widows, who besides
+ habitations, receive 7s. per week, coals, and a gown every
+ two years.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "In conclusion I have assembled some <i>miscellaneous</i>
+ facts. Sheffield parish is ten miles by three. The Park of
+ 2,000 acres was inclosed in Queen Anne's time.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "The Duke of Norfolk is Lord of the Manor, from his ancestors
+ the Lovetots, Furnivals, Nevilles, Talbots, and Howards.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Roger de Busli had 46 manors in Yorkshire, and in
+ Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire 179.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "The Cutlers' Company was incorporated 21st James
+ I.&mdash;The cutlers are 8,000 or 10,000 in number.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "In 1751, the first stage-wagon went from Sheffield to
+ London. In 1762, the first stage-coach.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "In 1752, the plated manufacture began.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "In 1770, the first bank was opened.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "In 1786, the first steam-engine grinding-wheel was
+ established.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "The casting or melting of steel began 60 years ago, till
+ which time Swedish bar-steel was used.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "There are iron-forges near every Roman station, and Abbey
+ Dale is full of cinders from smelting, with apertures to
+ windward to serve as blasts.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Beds of scoriae found in the parish, on which trees grow,
+ and in old pleasure <span class="pagenum"><a id="page415"
+ name="page415"></a>[pg 415]</span> parks.&mdash;Roman coins
+ are also found in scoria.&mdash;A quarry of stone at
+ Wincobank Hill, contains fossilized vegetables, chiefly
+ calamites. They are succulent, and of the bamboo family. In
+ the coal districts, branches and trunks of trees are found;
+ and Mr. Rhodes took out of solid stone, a fossil post of
+ walnut wood. South-east of Tickhill, is an accumulation of
+ subterranean trees, in black earth, mixed with shells and
+ rounded stones.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "It is believed at Sheffield, that the executioner of Charles
+ I., was a person of the name of William Walker, a native of
+ Darnall, near Sheffield. Such was the tradition at his native
+ place. He died at Darnall in 1700 and was buried in Sheffield
+ church, where there was a brass plate to his memory. It is
+ certain that a Walker, was one of the masks, and that this
+ Walker was an active partizan: but he was a man of learning,
+ and wrote some tracts on mathematics and politics.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Dr. Buchan, began his career as a Scotch physician at
+ Sheffield, and actually wrote his famous 'Domestic Medicine,'
+ in the house at the south corner of Hartshead, in which for
+ many years has resided Mr. J. Montgomery."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The varied and attractive character of our extract is the
+ best plea for its length; but reading like this never
+ tires.&mdash;-<i>Sir R. Phillips' Personal Tour.</i>
+ </p>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <h2>
+ THE GATHERER.
+ </h2>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ SHAKESPEARE.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ DARK DAY.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ At St. Lawrence, October 13, 1828, wind S.W. the atmosphere
+ was filled with smoke, which, with intervening clouds,
+ intercepted the sun's light, so as to require the use of
+ candles several times during the day. The water which fell in
+ the afternoon and evening was so much affected by the smoke
+ as to be bitter to the taste.
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ THE LIQUOR OF LIFE.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ When the art of distilling spirits, generally attributed to
+ Raymond Lully, was discovered, the secret of longevity was
+ supposed to have been brought to light, the <i>mercurius
+ volatilis</i> to be at length fixed, and the pernicious
+ product received the name of <i>aqua vitae</i>&mdash;liquor
+ of life; "A discovery concerning which," says a learned
+ physician, "it would be difficult to determine, whether it
+ has tended most to diminish the happiness, or shorten the
+ duration of life. In one sense it may be considered the
+ elixir of life, for it speedily introduces a man to
+ <i>immortality!"</i>
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ C.J.T.
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ SOUP
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ Is manufactured in great abundance in Paris from the bones of
+ butchers' meat. At one of the hospitals upwards of 1,000
+ basins of soup are furnished daily.
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ ABYSSINIAN CATTLE
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ Are remarkable for the extraordinary size of their horns,
+ some of which are four feet long, seven inches in diameter
+ near the head, and hold ten quarts.
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ ECCENTRIC INVITATION.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ Paul Spencer exhibits the following distich on his door, in
+ Glasgow:&mdash;
+ </p>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ "Entertainment here for all that passes,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ &nbsp;Horses, mares, mules, and asses."
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ C.J.T.
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ CANALS.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ According to a calculation recently made, there are 103
+ canals in Great Britain&mdash;extending 2,682 miles, and
+ formed at an expense of thirty millions sterling.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ C.J.T.
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <p>
+ "Do you know what made my voice so melodious?" said a
+ celebrated vocal performer, of awkward manners, to Charles
+ Bannister. "No," replied the other. "Why, then, I'll tell
+ you: when I was about fifteen, I swallowed, by accident, some
+ train oil." "I don't think," rejoined Bannister, "it would
+ have done you any harm if, at the same time, you had
+ swallowed a dancing-master!"
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ LIMBIRD'S EDITIONS.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ CHEAP and POPULAR WORKS published at the MIRROR OFFICE in the
+ Strand, near Somerset House.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The ARABIAN NIGHTS ENTERTAINMENTS. Embellished with nearly
+ 150 Engravings. In 6 Parts, 1s. each.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The TALES of the GENII. 4 Parts, 6d. each.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The MICROCOSM. By the Right Hon. G. Canning. &amp;c. 4 Parts,
+ 6d. each.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ PLUTARCH'S LIVES, with Fifty Portraits, 12 Parts, 1s. each.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ COWPER'S POEMS, with 12 Engravings, 12 Numbers, 3d. each.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ COOK'S VOYAGES, 28 Numbers, 3d. each.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The CABINET of CURIOSITIES: or, WONDERS of the WORLD
+ DISPLAYED 27 Nos. 2d. each.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ BEAUTIES of SCOTT, 36 Numbers, 3d. each.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The ARCANA of SCIENCE for 1828. Price 4s. 6d.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ GOLDSMITH'S ESSAYS. Price 8d.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ DR. FRANKLIN'S ESSAYS. Price 1s. 2d.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ BACON'S ESSAYS Price 8d.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ SALMAGUNDI. Price 1s. 8d.
+ </p>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <blockquote class="footnote">
+ <a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a> <b>Footnote 1</b>:
+ <a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+ <p>
+ For this very accurate Description with an Engraving, see
+ MIRROR, No. 400.
+ </p>
+ </blockquote>
+ <blockquote class="footnote">
+ <a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a> <b>Footnote 2</b>:
+ <a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+ <p>
+ For the remainder of the Extract, &amp;c. see MIRROR, vol.
+ xii. p. 151. Only a few days since we saw recorded an
+ instance of enthusiasm in the study of astronomy, which
+ will never be forgotten. We allude to Mr. South's splendid
+ purchase at Paris; yet all the aid he received was some
+ trifling remission of duty!
+ </p>
+ </blockquote>
+ <blockquote class="footnote">
+ <a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a> <b>Footnote 3</b>:
+ <a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+ <p>
+ See the Propagation of the Insect in Spain, MIRROR, vol.
+ xii. and an attempt to naturalize the same at the Cambridge
+ Botanical Garden, page 217, of the present volume.
+ </p>
+ </blockquote>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <p>
+ <i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand (near
+ Somerset House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New
+ Market, Leipsic, and by all Newsmen and Booksellers</i>.
+ </p>
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11463 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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