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diff --git a/11458-h/11458-h.htm b/11458-h/11458-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..482bae7 --- /dev/null +++ b/11458-h/11458-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2457 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> +<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol. 14, Issue 403, December 5, 1829, by Various</title> + <style type="text/css"> + /*<![CDATA[*/ + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + + .note, .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 1em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 3em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 4em;} + + .figure {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin: auto;} + .figure img {border: none;} + .figure p + a:link {color:blue; + text-decoration:none} + link {color:blue; + text-decoration:none} + a:visited {color:blue; + text-decoration:none} + a:hover {color:red} + --> + /*]]>*/ + </style> +</head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11458 ***</div> +<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, Vol. 14, Issue 403, December 5, 1829, by Various</h1> +<br /> +<br /> +<center><b>E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, Andy Jewell, David Garcia,<br /> + and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team</b></center> +<br /> +<br /> + <hr class="full" /> + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page385" name="page385"></a>[pg + 385]</span> + <h1> + THE MIRROR<br /> + OF<br /> + LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION. + </h1> + <hr class="full" /> + <table width="100%" summary="Banner"> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <b>VOL. XIV, NO. 403.]</b> + </td> + <td align="center"> + <b>SATURDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1829.</b> + </td> + <td align="right"> + <b>[PRICE 2d.</b> + </td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr class="full" /> + <h2> + Fall of the Staubbath. + </h2> + <div class="figure" style="width: 100%;"> + <a href="images/403-1.png"><img width="100%" + src="images/403-1.png" alt="Fall of the Staubbath." /></a> + </div> + <p> + In the poet and the philosopher, the lover of the sublime, + and the student of the beautiful in art—the + contemplation of such a scene as this must awaken ecstatic + feelings of admiration and awe. Its effect upon the mere man + of the world, whose mind is clogged up with common-places of + life, must be overwhelming as the torrent itself; perchance + he soon recovers from the impression; but the lover of + Nature, in her wonders, reads lessons of infinite wisdom, + combined with all that is most fascinating to the mind of + inquiring man. In the school of her philosophy, mountains, + rivers, and falls not only astonish and delight him in their + vast outlines and surfaces, but in their exhaustless + varieties and transformations, he enjoys old and new worlds + of knowledge, apart from the proud histories of man, and the + comparative insignificance of all that he has laboured to + produce on the face of the globe. + </p> + <p> + Few have witnessed the <i>Staubbach</i>, or similar wonders + without acknowledging the force of their impressions. This + Fall is in the valley of Lauterbrun, the most picturesque + district of Switzerland. Simond,<a id="footnotetag1" + name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> + in describing its beauties, says, "we began to ascend the + valley of Lauterbrun, by the side of its torrent (the + Lutschine) among fragments of rocks, torn from the heights on + both sides, and beautiful trees, shooting up with great + luxuriance and in infinite variety; smooth pastures of the + richest verdure, carpeted over every interval of plain + ground; and the harmony of the sonorous cow-bell of the Alps, + heard among the precipices above our heads and below us, told + us we were not in a desart." "The ruins of the mineral world, + apparently so durable, and yet in a state of incessant + decomposition, form a striking contrast with the perennial + youth of the vegetable world; each individual plant, so frail + and perishable, while the species is eternal in the existing + economy of nature. Imperceptible forests of timber scarcely + tinge their inert masses of gneiss and granite, into which + they anchor their roots; grappling with substances which, + when <span class="pagenum"><a id="page386" + name="page386"></a>[pg 386]</span> struck with steel, tear up + the tempered grain, and dash out the spark." This may be an + enthusiastic, but is doubtless the faithful, impression of + our tourist; and in descriptions of sublime nature, we should + </p> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + Survey the whole; nor seek slight fault to find, + </p> + <p> + Where Nature moves, and rapture warms the mind. + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p> + Each valley has its appropriate stream, proportioned to its + length, and the number of lateral valleys opening into it. + The boisterous Lutschine is the stream of Lauterbrun, and it + carries to the Lake of Brientz scarcely less water than the + Aar itself. About half way between Interlaken and Lauterbrun, + is the junction of the two Lutschines, the black and the + white, from the different substances with which they have + been in contact. + </p> + <p> + Simond says, "after passing several falls of water, each of + which we mistook for the Staubbach, we came at last to the + house where we were to sleep. It had taken us three hours to + come thus far; in twenty minutes more we reached the heap of + rubbish accumulated by degrees at the foot of the Staubbach; + its waters descending from the height of the Pletschberg, + form in their course several mighty cataracts, and the last + but one is said to be the finest; but is not readily + accessible, nor seen at all from the valley. The fall of the + Staubbach, about <i>eight hundred feet in height</i>, wholly + detached from the rock, is reduced into vapour long before it + reaches the ground; the water and the vapour undulating + through the air with more grace and elegance than sublimity. + While amusing ourselves with watching the singular appearance + of rockets of water shooting down into the dense cloud of + vapour below, we were joined by some country girls, who gave + us a concert of three voices, pitched excessively high, and + more like the vibrations of metal or glass than the human + voice, but in perfect harmony, and although painful in some + degree, yet very fine. In winter an immense accumulation of + ice takes place at the foot of the Fall, sometimes as much as + three hundred feet broad, with two enormous icy stalactites + hanging down over it. When heat returns, the falling waters + hollow out cavernous channels through the mass, the effect of + which is said to be very fine; this, no doubt, is the proper + season to see the Staubbach to most advantage." Six or eight + miles further, the valley ends in glaciers scarcely + practicable for chamois hunters. About forty years since some + miners who belonged to the Valais, and were at work at + Lauterbrun, undertook to cross over to their own country, + simply to hear mass on a Sunday. They traversed the level top + of the glacier in three hours; then descended, amidst the + greatest dangers, its broken slope into the Valais, and + returned the day after by the same way; but no one else has + since ventured on the dangerous enterprise. + </p> + <p> + Apart from the romantic attraction of the Fall, the + broad-eaved chalet and its accessaries form a truly + interesting picture of village simplicity and repose. Here + you are deemed rich with a capital of three hundred pounds. + All that is not made in the country, or of its growth, is + deemed luxury: a silver chain here as at Berne, is + transmitted from mother to daughter. Dwellings and barns + covered with tiles, and windows with large panes of glass, + give to the owner a reputation of wealth; and if the outside + walls are adorned with paintings, and passages of Scripture + are inscribed on the front of the house, the owner ranks at + once among the aristocracy of the country. What an + association of primitive happiness do these humble attributes + and characteristics of Swiss scenery convey to the + unambitious mind. Think of this, ye who regard palaces as + symbols of true enjoyment! and ye who imprison yourselves in + overgrown cities, and wear the silken fetters of wealth and + pride!—an aristocrat of Lauterbrun eclipses all your + splendour, and a poor Swiss cottager in his humble chalet, is + richer than the wealthiest of you—for he is + <i>content</i>. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + PSALMODY. + </h3> + <p> + (<i>To the Editor of the Mirror</i>.) + </p> + <p> + In my paper of the 22nd of August, on this subject, I + promised to resume it on my next coming to London, which has + been retarded by several causes. + </p> + <p> + In visiting the Churches of All Souls, and Trinity, the + psalmody is by no means to be praised. It is chiefly by the + charity children, the singing (or rather noise) is in their + usual way, and which will go on to the end of time, unless by + the permission of the clergy, some intelligent instructors + are allowed to lead as in the Chapel of St. James, near + Mornington Place, in the Hampstead Road. The author of the + paper on Music, in your publication of the 6th of September, + very fairly puts the question, "Why are not the English a + musical people?" and he shows many of + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page387" name="page387"></a>[pg + 387]</span> the interrupting causes. It may happen, however, + that by cultivating psalmody in our churches and chapels, + considerable progress may be made. The young will be + instructed, and the more advanced will <i>attend</i>, and we + know the power of <i>attention</i> (the only quality in which + Sir Isaac Newton could be persuaded to believe he had any one + advantage in intellect over his fellow men.) + </p> + <p> + It is much to be regretted that the poetry in which our + Episcopal Psalms and Hymns are sung, is confined to the + versions of Sternhold and Hopkins, and of Tate and Brady. The + poetry of Sternhold and Hopkins is in general uncouth with + some few exceptions. Tate and Brady have made their + versification somewhat more congenial with the modern + improvements of our language; but each confines himself to + the very literal language of the Old Testament; Sternhold and + Hopkins in this respect have the advantage of their + successors, Tate and Brady; for the translations of Sternhold + and Hopkins are nearer to the original Hebrew. + </p> + <p> + The main object of my hope is, that the version of the Psalms + now in use may be altered, or rather improved, in such a + manner as to manifest their prophetic and typical relation to + Christianity, to which in their present form so little + reference is to be perceived by those "who should read as + they run." A change or improvement in this respect would give + a more enlivening interest in Psalmody. Dr. Watts has done + this with great truth and effect, and the singing in the + churches and chapels in which his version is in whole or in + part introduced, proceeds with a more Christian spirit: and a + vast improvement has sprung from this source, in the sacred + music of those churches and chapels. + </p> + <p> + To illustrate this part of my paper, let me refer to the + version employed in several of the new churches, and to the + version of Dr. Watts, in the spiritual interpretation of the + 4th Psalm. In the version first referred to, the words + are— + </p> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + The place of ancient sacrifice + </p> + <p> + Let <i>righteousness</i> supply, + </p> + <p> + And let your hope securely fix'd + </p> + <p> + On Him alone rely. + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p> + Now in this version it naturally occurs to inquire <i>what + righteousness</i>? The high churchman will content himself + that it is a literal translation; but the way-faring man sees + nothing of the atoning righteousness of Christ in this + translation; but which according to the 11th article of the + Church of England, he reasonably looks for. Even the + Unitarians refer to this and other parts of our translation + of the Hebrew Psalms, as a justification of THEIR main + principle of the unity alone in the godhead. + </p> + <p> + Dr. Watts, a genuine Christian, believing in the union of the + Father, Son, and Spirit, and manifesting this pure faith to + the end of a well-spent life, gives the Christian meaning of + this righteousness, in his version of the 4th Psalm: + </p> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + Know that the Lord divides his Saints + </p> + <p> + From all the tribes of men beside, + </p> + <p> + He hears the cry of penitents + </p> + <p> + For the dear sake of Christ who died. + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p> + Here the true typical and prophetic meaning of the Old + Testament is given. + </p> + <p> + The version used by the English church in the 5th Psalm is + subject to the same observation as on the 4th. + </p> + <p> + The church version is + </p> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + Thou in the morn shall hear my voice + </p> + <p> + And with the dawn of day, + </p> + <p> + To thee devoutly I look up, + </p> + <p> + To thee devoutly pray. + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p> + Dr. Watts, who gives the Christian meaning of this Psalm, + translates or paraphrases thus truly:— + </p> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + Lord in the morning thou shall hear + </p> + <p> + My voice ascending high, + </p> + <p> + To thee will I direct my pray'r, + </p> + <p> + To thee lift up mine eye. + </p> + <p> + Up to the hills where Christ is gone + </p> + <p> + <i>To plead for all his Saints</i>, + </p> + <p> + Presenting at his father's throne, + </p> + <p> + Our songs and our complaints. + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p> + Psalmody, or the singing of sacred music, conducted by such a + gracious and animated sense of the revealed word of God, must + naturally be performed, as it must be ardently felt, in a + different spirit—and this truth we perceive daily + verified; but while a considerable portion of our clergy not + only are strict in confining the singing to the last + <i>version</i>, or to parts of Sternhold, and even prescribe + the very dull old <i>tunes</i> to be made use of, improvement + in church music is not to be expected. I have before me a + list of tunes, to which the organists of our churches and + episcopal chapels are limited in their playing; and, what is + singular, three of the chief clergymen of the churches + confess they literally have no ear for music, and are utter + strangers to what an <i>octave</i> means, and yet their + <i>authority</i> decides. + </p> + <p> + It is not intended to enter into any polemical discussion, as + controversy is not necessary to the improvement of psalmody; + but less than has been stated would not have shown the + advantage to be acquired by the use of a more Christian sense + to those who rely on Christ as their Redeemer. We know, from + experience, how agreeable it is to the + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page388" name="page388"></a>[pg + 388]</span> mind and senses to hear the praises to the + Almighty sung by the proper rules of harmony, and with what + spiritual animation the upright and sincere youth of both + sexes unite in this delightful service. + </p> + <p> + With these views, I respectfully submit to the clergymen of + the new churches to pursue the course which receives such + universal approbation in St. James's Chapel, + Mornington-place, Hampstead-road. The simplicity and effect + must be strong motives to excite their attention, and I hope + to witness its adoption. + </p> + <p> + CHRISTIANUS. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + THE THIEF. + </h3> + <p> + (<i>For the Mirror</i>.) + </p> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + I tell with equal truth and grief, + </p> + <p> + That little C—'s an arrant thief, + </p> + <p> + Before the urchin well could go, + </p> + <p> + She stole the whiteness of the snow. + </p> + <p> + And more—that whiteness to adorn, + </p> + <p> + She snatch'd the blushes of the morn; + </p> + <p> + Stole all the softness aether pours + </p> + <p> + On primrose buds in vernal show'rs. + </p> + </div> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + There's no repeating all her wiles, + </p> + <p> + She stole the Graces' winning smiles; + </p> + <p> + 'Twas quickly seen she robb'd the sky, + </p> + <p> + To plant a star in either eye; + </p> + <p> + She pilfer'd orient pearl for teeth, + </p> + <p> + And suck'd the cow's ambrosial breath; + </p> + <p> + The cherry steep'd in morning dew + </p> + <p> + Gave moisture to her lips and hue. + </p> + </div> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + These were her infant spoils, a store + </p> + <p> + To which in time she added more; + </p> + <p> + At twelve she stole from Cyprus' Queen + </p> + <p> + Her air and love-commanding mien; + </p> + <p> + Stole <i>Juno's</i> dignity, and stole + </p> + <p> + From <i>Pallas</i> sense, to charm the soul; + </p> + <p> + She sung—amaz'd the Sirens heard + </p> + <p> + And to assert their voice appear'd. + </p> + </div> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + She play'd, the Muses from their hill, + </p> + <p> + Marvell'd who thus had stole their skill; + </p> + <p> + <i>Apollo's</i> wit was next her prey, + </p> + <p> + Her next the beam that lights the day; + </p> + <p> + While <i>Jove</i> her pilferings to crown, + </p> + <p> + Pronounc'd these beauties all her own; + </p> + <p> + Pardon'd her crimes, and prais'd her art, + </p> + <p> + And t'other day she stole—my heart. + </p> + </div> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + Cupid, if lovers are thy care, + </p> + <p> + Revenge thy vot'ry on this fair; + </p> + <p> + Do justice on her stolen charms, + </p> + <p> + And let her prison be—my arms. + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p> + W.H.H. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + SHAKSPEARE. + </h3> + <p> + (<i>To the Editor of the Mirror</i>.) + </p> + <p> + In the Drama entitled <i>Shakspeare's Early Days</i>, the + compliment which the poet is made to pay the queen: "That as + at her birth she wept when all around was joy, so at her + death she will smile while all around is grief," has been + admired by the critics. In this jewel-stealing age, it is but + just to restore the little brilliant to its owner. The + following lines are in Sir William Jones's Life, translated + by him from one of the Eastern poets, and are so exquisitely + beautiful that I think they will be acceptable to some of + your fair readers for their albums. + </p> + <p> + T.B. + </p> + <h3> + TO AN INFANT. + </h3> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + On parent's knees, a naked new-born child, + </p> + <p> + Weeping thou sat'st, while all around thee smil'd. + </p> + <p> + So live, that sinking to thy last long sleep, + </p> + <p> + Calm thou may'st smile, while all around thee—weep. + </p> + </div> + <div class="stanza"></div> + </div> + <h3> + THE RUINED WELL. + </h3> + <p> + (<i>For the Mirror</i>.) + </p> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + The form of ages long gone by + </p> + <p> + Crowd thick on Fancy's wondering eye, + </p> + <p> + And wake the soul to musings high! + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p> + J.T. WALTER. + </p> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + Where are the lights that shone of yore + </p> + <p class="i2"> + Around this haunted spring? + </p> + <p> + Do they upon some distant shore + </p> + <p class="i2"> + Their holy lustre fling? + </p> + <p> + It was not thus when pilgrims came + </p> + <p class="i2"> + To hymn beneath the night, + </p> + <p> + And dimly gleam'd the censor's flame + </p> + <p class="i2"> + When stars and streams were bright. + </p> + </div> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + What art thou—since five hundred years + </p> + <p class="i2"> + Have o'er thy waters roll'd; + </p> + <p> + Since clouds have wept their crystal tears + </p> + <p class="i2"> + From skies of beaming gold? + </p> + <p> + Thy rills receive the tint of heaven, + </p> + <p class="i2"> + Which erst illum'd thy shrine; + </p> + <p> + And sweetest birds their songs have given, + </p> + <p class="i2"> + For music more divine. + </p> + </div> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + Beside thee hath the maiden kept + </p> + <p class="i2"> + Her vigils pale and lone; + </p> + <p> + While darkly have her ringlets swept + </p> + <p class="i2"> + The chapel's sculptur'd stone; + </p> + <p> + And when the vesper-hymn was sung + </p> + <p class="i2"> + Around the warrior's bier, + </p> + <p> + With cross and banner o'er him hung, + </p> + <p class="i2"> + What splendour crown'd thee here! + </p> + </div> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + But a cloud has fall'n upon thy fame! + </p> + <p class="i2"> + The woodman laves his brow, + </p> + <p> + Where shrouded monks and vestals came + </p> + <p class="i2"> + With many a sacred vow; + </p> + <p> + And bluely gleams thy sainted spring + </p> + <p class="i2"> + Beneath the sunny tree; + </p> + <p> + Then let no heart its sadness bring, + </p> + <p class="i2"> + <i>When</i> Nature is with thee. + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p> + REGINALD AUGUSTINE. + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + A Siamese Chief hearing an Englishman expatiate upon the + magnitude of our navy, and afterwards that England was at + peace, cooly observed, "If you are at peace with all the + world, why do you keep up so great a navy?" + </p> + <hr class="full" /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page389" name="page389"></a>[pg + 389]</span> + </p> + <h2> + THE SKETCH-BOOK. + </h2> + <hr /> + <h3> + WRECK ON A CORAL REEF. + </h3> + <p> + (<i>To the Editor of the Mirror</i>.) + </p> + <p> + I take the liberty of transmitting you an authentic, though + somewhat concise, narrative of the loss of the Hon. Company's + regular ship, "Cabalva," (on the Cargados, Carajos, in the + Indian Seas, in latitude 16° 45 s.) in July, 1818, no + detailed account having hitherto appeared. The following was + written by one of the surviving officers, in a letter to a + friend. + </p> + <p> + A CONSTANT READER. + </p> + <p> + The Hon. Company's ship, Cabalva, having struck on the Owers, + in the English Channel, and from that circumstance, proving + leaky, and manifesting great weakness in her frame, it was + thought advisable to bear up for Bombay in order to dock the + ship. Meeting with a severe gale of wind off the Cape, (in + which we made twenty inches of water per hour,) we parted + from our consort, and shaped a course for Bombay; but on the + 7th of July, between four and five A.M. (the weather dark and + cloudy) the ship going seven or eight knots, an alarm was + given of breakers on the larboard bow; the helm was instantly + put hard-a-port, and the head sheets let go; but before it + could have the desired effect, she struck; the shock was so + violent, that every person was instantly on deck, with horror + and amazement depicted on their countenances. An effort was + made to get the ship off, but it was immediately seen that + all endeavours to save her must be useless; she soon became + fixed, and the sea broke over her with tremendous force; + stove in her weather side, making a clear + passage—washed through the hatchways, tearing up the + decks, and all that opposed its violence. + </p> + <p> + We were now uncertain of our distance from a place of safety; + the surf burst over the vessel in a dreadful cascade, the + crew despairing and clinging to her sides to avoid its + violence, while the ship was breaking up with a rapidity and + crashing noise, which added to the roaring of the breakers, + drowned the voices of the officers. The masts were cut away + to ease the ship, and the cutter cleared from the booms and + launched from the lee-gunwale. When the long wished-for dawn + at last broke on us, instead of alleviating, it rather added + to, our distress. We found the ship had run on the + south-easternmost extremity of a coral reef, surrounding on + the eastern side those sand-banks or islands in the Indian + ocean, called Cargados, Carajos: the nearest of these was + about three miles distant, but not the least appearance of + verdure could be discovered, or the slightest trace of + anything on which we might hope to subsist. In two or three + places some pyramidical rocks appeared above the rest like + distant sails, and were repeatedly cheered as such by the + crew, till it was soon perceived they had no motion, and the + delusion vanished. The masts had fallen towards the reef, the + ship having fortunately canted in that direction, and the + boat was thereby protected in some measure from the surf. Our + commander, whom a strong sense of misfortune had entirely + deprived of mind so necessary on these occasions, was + earnestly requested to get into the boat, but he would not, + thinking her unsafe. He maintained his station on the mizen + top-mast that lay among the wreck to leeward; the surf which + was rushing round the bow and stern continually overwhelming + him. I was myself close to him on the same spar, and in this + situation we saw many of our shipmates meet an untimely end, + being either dashed against the rocks or swept over by the + breakers. The large cutter, full of officers and men, now + cleared a passage through the mass of wreck, and being + furnished with oars, watched the proper moment and pushed off + for the reef, which she fortunately gained in safety; they + were all washed out of her in an instant by a tremendous + surf, yet out of more than sixty which it contained, only one + man was drowned. Our captain seeing this, wished he had taken + advice, which was now of no use. Finding I could not longer + maintain myself on the same spar, and seeing the captain in a + very exhausted state, I solicited him to return to the wreck, + but he replied, that since we must all eventually perish, I + should not think of his, but rather of my own, preservation. + An enormous breaker now burst on us with irresistible force, + so that I scarcely noticed what occurred to him afterwards, + being buried by successive seas. At length, after the most + desperate efforts, I was thrown on the reef, half drowned and + severely cut by the sharp coral, when I silently offered up + thanks for my preservation, and crawling up the reef, waved + my hand to encourage those who remained behind. + </p> + <p> + The captain, however, was not to be seen, and most of the + others had returned to the wreck and were employed in getting + the small cutter into the + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page390" name="page390"></a>[pg + 390]</span> water, which they accomplished, and safely + reached the shore. About noon, when we had all left the ship, + she was a perfect wreck. The whole of the upper works, from + the after part of the forecastle to the break of the poop + deck, had separated from her bottom about the upper + futtock-heads, and was driving in towards the reef. Most of + the lighter cargo had floated out of her. Bales of company's + cloth, cases of wine, puncheons of spirits, barrels of + gunpowder, hogsheads of beer, &c. lay strewed on the + shore, together with a chest of tools. Finding the men + beginning to commit the usual excesses, we stove in the heads + of the spirit casks, to prevent mischief, and endeavoured to + direct their attention to the general benefit. The tide was + flowing fast, and we saw that the reef must soon be covered; + we therefore conveyed the boats to a place of safety, and + filling them with all the provisions that could be collected, + proceeded to the highest sand-bank as the only place which + held out the remotest chance of security. Our progress was + attended with the most excruciating pain I ever endured, with + feet cut to the bones by the rocks, and back blistered by the + sun—exhausted with fatigue—up to the + waist—sometimes to the neck in the water, and + frequently obliged to swim. Seeing, however, that several had + reached the highest sand-bank, lighted a fire, and were + employed in erecting a tent from the cloth and small spars + which had floated up, I felt my spirits revive, and had + strength sufficient to reach the desired spot, when I was + invited to partake of a shark which had just been caught by + the people. Having set a watch to announce the approach of + the sea, lest it should cover us unawares, I sunk exhausted + on the sand, and fell into a sound sleep. I awoke in the + morning stiff with the exertions of the former day, yet + feeling grateful to Providence that I was still alive. + </p> + <p> + The people now collected together to ascertain who had + perished, when sixteen were missing: the captain, surgeon's + assistant, and fourteen of the crew. We divided the crew into + parties, each headed by an officer; some were sent to the + wreck and along the beach in search of provisions, others to + roll up the hogsheads of beer, and butts of water that had + floated on shore; but the greater number were employed in + hauling the two cutters up, when the carpenters were directed + to repair them. + </p> + <p> + By the time it was dark, we had collected about eighty pieces + of salt pork, ten hogsheads of beer, three butts of water, + several bottles of wine, and many articles of use and value; + particularly three sextants and a quadrant, Floresburg's + <i>Directory</i>, and <i>Hamilton Moore</i>; the latter were + deemed inestimable. In course of time four live pigs, and + five live sheep, came on shore through the surf. + </p> + <p> + We first began upon the dead stock, serving out two ounces to + each, and half a pint of beer for the day. Nothing but + brackish water could be obtained by digging in the sand. We + collected all the provisions together near the tent, and + formed a kind of storehouse, setting an officer to guard them + from plunder, to which indeed some of the evil characters + were disposed; but as they were threatened with instant death + if detected, they were soon deterred. The second night was + passed like the first, all being huddled together under one + large tent; the more robust, however, soon began to build + separate tents for themselves, and divided into messes, as on + board. A staff was next erected, on which we hoisted a red + flag, as a signal to any vessel which might be passing. Every + morning, to each mess, was distributed the allowance of two + ounces per man, and half a pint of beer; if they got any + thing else, it was what they could catch by fishing, &c. + Of fish, indeed, there was a great variety, but we had few + facilities for catching them, so that upon the whole, we were + no better than half-starved. The bank on which we lived, was + in latitude 16° 45 s. and about two miles in + circumference at low water; the high tides would sometimes + leave us scarcely half a mile of sand, and often approached + close to the tents; and if the wind had blown from the + westward, or shifted only a few points, we must inevitably + have been swept away, as an encampment of fishermen had been, + a short time previous from the same spot; however, Providence + was pleased to preserve us, one hundred and twenty in number, + to return to our native country. + </p> + <p> + On the 13th the largest boat was repaired, and the officers + thought it advisable to despatch her for relief to the Isle + of France, distant about four hundred miles. The superior + officers finding it impossible to leave the crew, dedicated + the charge of her to the purser. We furnished him with two + sextants, a navigation book, sails, oars, and log line. Six + officers and eight men, who perfectly understood the + management of the boat, joined him. He was directed to run + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page391" name="page391"></a>[pg + 391]</span> first into the latitude, and then bear up for the + land. On the 17th he arrived at the Mauritius, and on the + 20th returned by his Majesty's vessels, Magician and + Challenger. On the 21st we were taken on board, after being + sixteen days on this barren reef, suffering great distress in + mind and body. We all received the most humane attention from + the captains of his Majesty's vessels, and on the 28th, we + reached the Mauritius whence I returned to England. + </p> + <hr class="full" /> + <h2> + MANNERS & CUSTOMS OF ALL NATIONS. + </h2> + <hr /> + <h3> + SINGING OF PSALMS. + </h3> + <p> + This has been a very ancient custom both among the Jews and + Christians. St. Paul mentions this practice, which has + continued in all succeeding ages, with some variations as to + mode and circumstance; for so long as immediate inspiration + lasted, the preacher, &c. frequently gave out a hymn; and + when this ceased, proper portions of scripture were selected, + or agreeable hymns thereto composed; but by the council of + Laodicea, it was ordered that no private composition should + be used in church; the council also ordered that the psalms + should no longer be one continued service, but that proper + lessons should be interposed to prevent the people being + tired. At first the whole congregation bore a part, singing + all together; afterwards the manner was altered, and they + sung alternately, some repeating one verse, and some another. + After the emperors became Christians, and persecution ceased, + singing grew much more into use, so that not only in the + churches but also in private houses, the ancient music not + being quite lost, they diversified into various sorts of + harmony, and altered into soft, strong, gay, sad, grave, or + passionate, &c. Choice was always made of that which + agreed with the majesty and purity of religion, avoiding soft + and effeminate airs; in some churches they ordered the psalms + to be pronounced with so small an alteration of voice, that + it was little more than plain speaking, like the reading of + psalms in our cathedrals, &c. at this day; but in process + of time, instrumental music was introduced first amongst the + Greeks. + </p> + <p> + Pope Gregory the Great refined upon the church music and made + it more exact and harmonious; and that it might be general, + he established singing schools at Rome, wherein persons were + educated to be sent to the distant churches, and where it has + remained ever since; only among the reformed there are + various ways of performing, and even in the same church, + particularly that of England, in which parish churches differ + much from cathedrals; but most dissenters comply with this + part of worship in some form or other. + </p> + <p> + HALBERT H. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + SKIMINGTON RIDING. + </h3> + <p> + (<i>To the Editor of the Mirror</i>.) + </p> + <p> + Having noticed a description of an exhibition called + "Skimington Riding," in the present volume of the MIRROR, and + your correspondent being at a loss for the origin of such a + title, allow me to observe, that it appears to me that it + originated from a skimmer being always used (as I have heard + from very good authority it is) as the leading instrument + towards making the various sounds usual on such occasions. I + think it, therefore, very probable it took its rise from the + utensil skimmer, and would be more properly called + Skimmerting Riding. + </p> + <p> + <i>Dorset</i> + </p> + <p> + FELIX. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + RECONCILIATION. + </h3> + <p> + At Lynn Regis, Norfolk, on every first Monday of the month, + the mayor, aldermen, magistrates, and preachers, meet to hear + and determine controversies between the inhabitants in an + amicable manner, to prevent lawsuits. This custom was first + established in 1583, and is called the Feast of + Reconciliation. + </p> + <p> + HALBERT H. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + ANCIENT SUPERSTITION RESPECTING FELLING OAKS. + </h3> + <p> + In the <i>Magna Britannia</i>, the author in his <i>Account + of the Hundred of Croydon</i>, says, "Our historians take + notice of two things in this parish, which may not be + convenient to us to omit, viz. a great wood called Norwood, + belonging to the archbishops, wherein was anciently a tree + called the vicar's oak, where four parishes met, as it were + in a point. It is said to have consisted wholly of oaks, and + among them was one that bore mistletoe, which some persons + were so hardy as to cut for the gain of selling it to the + apothecaries of London, leaving a branch of it to sprout out; + but they proved unfortunate after it, for one of them fell + lame, and others lost an eye. At length in the year 1678, a + certain man, notwithstanding he was warned against it, upon + the account of what the others had suffered, adventured to + cut the tree down, and he soon after broke his leg. To fell + oaks hath <span class="pagenum"><a id="page392" + name="page392"></a>[pg 392]</span> long been counted fatal, + and such as believe it produce the instance of the Earl of + Winchelsea, who having felled a curious grove of oaks, soon + after found his countess dead in her bed suddenly, and his + eldest son, the Lord Maidstone, was killed at sea by a cannon + ball." + </p> + <p> + P.T.W. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + THE MODERN GREEKS + </h3> + <p> + Have preserved dances in honour of Flora. The wives and + maidens of the village gather and scatter flowers, and bedeck + themselves from head to foot. She who leads the dance, more + ornamented than the others, represents Flora and the Spring, + whose return the hymn they sing announces; one of them + sings— + </p> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + "Welcome sweet nymph, + </p> + <p> + Goddess of the month of May." + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p> + In the Grecian villages, and among the Bulgarians, they still + observe the feast of Ceres. When harvest is almost ripe, they + go dancing to the sound of the lyre, and visit the fields, + whence they return with their heads ornamented with wheat + ears, interwoven with the hair. Embroidering is the + occupation of the Grecian women; to the Greeks we owe this + art, which is exceedingly ancient among them, and has been + carried to the highest degree of perfection. Enter the + chamber of a Grecian girl, and you will see blinds at the + window, and no other furniture than a sofa, and a chest + inlaid with ivory, in which are kept silk, needles, and + articles for embroidery. Apologues, tales, and romances, owe + their origin to Greece. The modern Greeks love tales and + fables, and have received them from the Orientals and Arabs, + with as much eagerness as they formerly adopted them from the + Egyptians. The old women love always to relate, and the young + pique themselves on repeating those they have learnt, or can + make, from such incidents as happen within their knowledge. + The Greeks at present have no fixed time for the celebration + of marriages, like the ancients; among whom the ceremony was + performed in the month of January. Formerly the bride was + bought by real services done to the father; which was + afterwards reduced to presents, and to this time the custom + is continued, though the presents are arbitrary. The man is + not obliged to purchase the woman he marries, but, on the + contrary, receives a portion with her equal to her condition. + It is on the famous shield of Achilles that Homer has + described a marriage procession— + </p> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + Here sacred pomp and genial feast delight, + </p> + <p> + And solemn dance and hymeneal rite. + </p> + <p> + Along the streets the new made bride is led, + </p> + <p> + With torches flaming to the nuptial bed; + </p> + <p> + The youthful dancers in a circle bound + </p> + <p> + To the saft lute and cittern's silver sound, + </p> + <p> + Through the fair streets the matrons in a row, + </p> + <p> + Stand in their porches, and enjoy the show. + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p> + POPE. + </p> + <p> + The same pomp, procession, and music, are still in use. + Dancers, musicians, and singers, who chant the Epithalamium, + go before the bride; loaded with ornaments, her eyes + downcast, and herself sustained by women, or two near + relations, she walks extremely slow. Formerly the bride wore + a red or yellow veil. The Arminians do so still; this was to + hide the blush of modesty, the embarrassment, and the tears + of the young virgin. The bright torch of Hymen is not + forgotten among the modern Greeks. It is carried before the + new married couple into the nuptial chamber, where it burns + till it is consumed, and it would be an ill omen were it by + any accident extinguished, wherefore it is watched with as + much care as of old was the sacred fire of the vestals. + Arrived at the church, the bride and bridegroom each wear a + crown, which, during the ceremony, the priest changes, by + giving the crown of the bridegroom to the bride, and that of + the bride to the bridegroom, which custom is also derived + from the ancients. + </p> + <p> + I must not forget an essential ceremony which the Greeks have + preserved, which is the cup of wine given to the bridegroom + as a token of adoption; it was the symbol of contract and + alliance. The bride drank from the same cup, which afterwards + passed round to the relations and guests. They dance and sing + all night, but the companions of the bride are + excluded—they feast among themselves in separate + apartments, far from the tumult of the nuptials. The modern + Greeks, like the ancient, on the nuptial day, decorate their + doors with green branches and garlands of flowers. + </p> + <p> + W.G.C. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + THE KING'S COCK CROWER. + </h3> + <p> + Among the customs which formerly prevailed in this country + during the season of Lent, was the following:—An + officer denominated the King's Cock Crower, crowed the hour + each night, within the precincts of the palace, instead of + proclaiming it in the manner of the late watchmen. This + absurd ceremony did not fall into disuse till the reign of + George I. + </p> + <p> + C.J.T. + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page393" name="page393"></a>[pg + 393]</span> + </p> + <h3> + HERRINGS. + </h3> + <p> + Yarmouth is bound by its charter, to send to the Sheriffs of + Norwich a tribute of one hundred herrings, baked in + twenty-four pasties, which they ought to deliver to the Lord + of the Manor of East Charlton, and he is obliged to present + them to the King wherever he is. Is not this a dainty dish to + set before the King? + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + CURING A SCOLD. + </h3> + <p> + Newcastle-Under-Line was once famous for a peculiar method of + taming shrews: this was by putting a bridle into the scold's + mouth, in such a manner as quite to deprive her of speech for + the time, and so leading her about the town till she made + signs of her intention to keep her tongue in better + discipline for the future. + </p> + <p> + HALBERT H. + </p> + <hr class="full" /> + <h2> + THE SELECTOR, AND LITERARY NOTICES OF NEW WORKS. + </h2> + <hr /> + <h3> + PICTURE OF SHEFFIELD. + </h3> + <center> + <i>Sir Richard Phillips's Personal Tour, Part III</i>. + </center> + <p> + Our extracts from the previous portion of this work, have + forcibly illustrated the striking originality of its style, + and the interesting character of its information. + </p> + <p> + The present Part concludes Newstead, and includes Mansfield, + Chesterfield, Dronfield, Sheffield, Rotherham, and Barnsley; + and from it we extract the following facts, which almost form + a <i>picture of Sheffield</i>.<a id="footnotetag2" + name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> + </p> + <p> + "The drive from Dronfield to Sheffield is pleasant and + picturesque. It is the dawn of a region of high hills, a fine + range of which stretch westward into Derbyshire, while on + every side there are lofty eminences and deep valleys. + Sheffield opens magnificently on the right, and its villas + and ornamented suburbs stretch full two miles on the + eminences to the left. At two or three miles from Sheffield, + the western suburbs display a rich and pleasing variety of + villas and country-houses. On the left, the Dore-moors, a + ridge of barren hills, stretch to an indefinite distance: and + on the right, some high hills skreen from sight the town of + Sheffield. At a mile distant, the view to the right opens, + and from a rise in the road is beheld the fine amphitheatre + of Sheffield; the sun displaying its entire extent, and the + town being surmounted by fine hills in the rear. The wind + carried the smoke to the east of the town, and the sun in the + meridian presented as fine a <i>coup d'oeil</i> as can be + conceived. The approach was by a broad and well-built street, + the population were in activity, and I entered a celebrated + place with many agreeable expectations. + </p> + <p> + "Sheffield is within the bounds of Yorkshire, but on the + verge of Derbyshire, and was the most remarkable place and + society of human beings which I had yet seen. It stands in + one of the most picturesque situations that can be imagined, + originally at the south end of a valley surrounded by high + hills, but now extended around the western hill; the first as + a compact town, and the latter as scattered villas and houses + on the same hill, to the distance of two miles from the + ancient site. It is connected with London by Nottingham and + Derby, and distant from Leeds 33 miles, and York 54 miles. + Its foundation was at the junction of two rivers, the Sheaf + and the Don; in the angle formed by which once stood the + Castle, built by the, Barons Furnival, Lords of Hallamshire; + but subsequently in the tenure of the Talbots, Earls of + Shrewsbury. Three or four miles from this Castle, on the + western hill, stood the Saxon town of <i>Hallam</i>, said to + have been destroyed by the Norman invaders, on account of + their gallant opposition. + </p> + <p> + "The town was originally a mere village, dependant on the + Castle; but its mineral and subterranean wealth led the early + inhabitants to become manufacturers of edged tools, of which + arrow heads, spear heads, &c. are presumed to have been a + considerable part; a bundle of arrows being at this day in + the town arms, and cross arrows the badge of the ancient + Cutlers' Company of Sheffield. + </p> + <p> + "The exhaustless coal seams and iron-stone beds in the + vicinity, combined with the ingenuity of the people, + conferred early fame on their products; for Chaucer, in + alluding to a knife, calls it 'a Sheffield + thwittel,'—whittle being among the manufacturers at + this day the name of a common kind of knife. + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page394" name="page394"></a>[pg + 394]</span> The increasing demand for articles of cutlery, + and their multiplied variety have gradually enlarged the + population of Sheffield to 42,157 in 1821; since which it has + considerably increased, and may, in 1829, be estimated at + 50,000. In 1821, it contained 8,726 houses, and perhaps 500 + have been built since, chiefly villas to the westward, while + the compact town is about one mile by half a mile. The + principal streets are well built, and there are three old + churches, and two new ones lately finished, besides another + now building. + </p> + <p> + "Sheffield presents at this time the extraordinary spectacle + of an immense town expanded from a village, without any + additional arrangements for its government beyond what it + originally possessed as a village. There is no corporation, + not even a resident magistrate, and yet all live in peace, + decorum, and advantageous mutual intercourse." + </p> + <center> + <i>Religion.</i> + </center> + <p> + "Order is a moral result of religion in Sheffield. No town in + the kingdom more universally exhibits the external forms of + devotion, and in none are there perhaps a greater number of + serious devotees. The largest erections in Sheffield are + those for the service of religion, and they are numerous. + Besides six old and new churches, adapted to accommodate from + 10,000 to 12,000 persons, there are seventeen chapels for the + various denominations of Dissenters, capable of affording + sitting room for 12,000 or 15,000 more. Except the Unitarian + Chapel, and perhaps the Catholic one, the doctrines preached + in all the others, are what, in London, and at Oxford and + Cambridge, would generally be called <i>Ultra</i>. + </p> + <p> + "A spectacle highly characteristic of Sheffield, and + exemplifying, at the same time the harmony of the several + sects, is the juxtaposition of four several chapels, + observable on one side of a main street; while nearly + adjoining is the church of St. Paul. There are thus every + Sunday, in simultaneous local devotion, the ceremonial + Catholics, the moral Unitarians, the metaphysical Calvinists, + the serious disciples of John Wesley, and the spiritual + members of the establishment. + </p> + <p> + "The whole of the places of worship afford accommodation for + about 12,000 Methodists and Dissenters, and about 9,500 of + the Church Establishment. So that, if half go twice a day, + and half once, 30,000 of the 50,000 inhabitants attend places + of worship every Sunday." + </p> + <center> + <i>Public Institutions.</i> + </center> + <p> + "There are the following institutions for the promotion of + knowledge and science:— + </p> + <p> + "1. A Permanent Library supported by the subscriptions of 270 + members at one guinea each, and four guineas admission. The + books are numerous; but, contrary to the practice of other + similar institutions, books of Theology, and the trash of + modern Novels, are introduced. + </p> + <p> + "2. A Literary and Philosophical Society for lectures, and + the purchase of apparatus, now very complete, supported by 80 + proprietors, at two guineas, besides a still greater number + of subscribers at one guinea per annum. + </p> + <p> + "3. Two News-rooms, in which the London and Provincial papers + may be read. + </p> + <p> + "4. A Public Concert, supported by subscriptions, which + amount to £700 per annum, and of which Mr. Fritch, from + Derby, is the present leader. + </p> + <p> + "5. A Subscription Assembly held through the winter, but ill + supported. + </p> + <p> + "6. A Shakspeare Club, for sustaining the drama, consisting + of 80 members, who subscribe a guinea per annum, once a-year + bespeak a play, and partake of a dinner, to which the sons of + Thespis are invited. + </p> + <p> + "7. An Infirmary on a large scale, and munificently + supported. + </p> + <p> + "8. Two Schools, in which sixty boys and sixty girls are + clothed, fed, and educated. + </p> + <p> + "9. A Lancasterian and a National School well supported, and + numerously attended. + </p> + <p> + "10. Sunday Schools attached to the twenty-three + congregations, besides others. + </p> + <p> + "11. A Society for Bettering the Condition of the Poor, in + much activity. + </p> + <p> + "12. Dorcas' Societies, connected with the churches and + chapels, to assist poor married women during child-birth. + </p> + <p> + "13. A Bible Society on the usual plan. + </p> + <p> + "14. Two Medical and Anatomical Schools. + </p> + <p> + "15. A thriving Mechanics' Library. + </p> + <p> + "Several of these institutions rendezvous in a spacious + building called the Music Hall. The concerts are given in the + upper room, a suitable saloon; and beneath are the + Subscription Library, the Commercial News-room, and the + Museum of the Literary and Philosophical Society." + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page395" name="page395"></a>[pg + 395]</span> + </p> + <center> + <i>Manufactures.</i> + </center> + <p> + "The staple manufactures of Sheffield embrace the metallic + arts in all their varieties. The chief articles are sharp + instruments, as knives, scissors, razors, saws, and + edge-tools of various kinds, and to these may be added, files + and plated goods to a great extent, besides stove-grates and + fenders of exquisite beauty. It is altogether performed by + hand, therefore the fabrication may always be rendered + correspondent with the demand, and may be arrested when the + demand ceases. This confers a definite advantage on the + manufactory, not enjoyed by other trades which operate in the + large way. The result is mediocrity of wealth, and little + ruinous speculation. At the same time, the sanguine + expectations of manufacturers often lead them to overstock + themselves, and as the demand has been, so they expect it + always to be. + </p> + <p> + "Sheffield employs about 15,000 persons in its various + branches, and of these full one-third are engaged on knives + and forks, pocket-knives, razors, and scissors. The rest are + engaged in the plated trades, in saws, files, and some fancy + trades. The following is an exact enumeration of the hands + employed in the various departments two or three years + since:— + </p> + <pre> + "On table-knives 2,240 + On spring-knives 2,190 + On razors 478 + On scissors 806 + On files 1,284 + On saws 400 + On edge-tools 541 + On forks 480 + In the country 130 + In the plated trade nearly 2,000 + ______ + "About 10,549 +</pre> + <p> + "Besides those who are employed in Britannia-metal ware, + smelting, optical instruments, grinding, polishing, &c. + &c., making full 5,000 more. + </p> + <p> + "There are full 1,700 forges engaged in the various branches + of the trades, and of course as many fires, fixing oxygen to + make their heat, and evolving the undecomposed carbon in + active volumes of steam and smoke. + </p> + <p> + "The place is usually described as smoky, but I thought it + less so than the central parts of London. The manufactures, + for the most part, are carried on in an unostentatious way, + in small scattered shops, and no where make the noise and + bustle of a single great iron works. Compared with them + Sheffield is a seat of elegant arts, nevertheless compared + with the cotton and silk trades, it must be regarded as dirty + and smoky. + </p> + <p> + "The steel and plated manufactures require much taste, and in + some cases make a great display. Hence there were exhibitions + of elegant products, not exceeded in the Palais Royal, or any + other place abroad, and superior to any of the cutlers' shops + in London. All that the lustre of steel ware and silver plate + can produce, is, in Sheffield, exhibited in splendid + arrangement, in the warerooms of some of the principal + manufacturers. In particular Messrs. J. Rodgers and Sons, + cutlers to his Majesty, display in a magnificent saloon, all + the multiplied elegant products of their own most ingenious + manufactory. + </p> + <p> + "As proofs of their power of manufacturing, Messrs. Rodgers + have, in their show-rooms the most extraordinary products of + highly finished manufacture which are to be seen in the + world. Among them are the following:— + </p> + <p> + "1. An arrangement in a Maltese cross about 18 inches high, + and 10 inches broad, which developes 1,821 blades and + different instruments; worthy of a royal cabinet, but in the + best situation in the place which produced it. + </p> + <p> + "2. A knife which unfolds 200 blades for various purposes, + matchless in workmanship, and a wonderful display of + ingenuity. Its counterpart was presented to the King; and + that in possession of Messrs. Rodgers, is offered at 200 + guineas, and is worthy of some imperial cabinet. + </p> + <p> + "3. A knife containing 75 blades, not a mere curiosity, but a + package of instruments of real utility in the compass of a + knife 4 inches long, 3 inches high, and 1-1/4 inches broad. + It is valued at 50 guineas. + </p> + <p> + "4. A miniature knife, enfolding 75 articles, which weigh but + 7 dwts., exquisitely wrought and valued at 50 guineas. + </p> + <p> + "5. A common quill, containing 24 dozen of scissors, perfect + in form, and made of polished steel. + </p> + <p> + "These are kept as trophies of skill, in the perfect + execution of which, the manufacturer considers that he + displays his power of producing any useful articles of which + the Sheffield manufacture consists. Mr. Rodgers obligingly + conducted me through his various workshops, and I discovered + that the perfection of the Sheffield manufacture arises from + the judicious division of labour. I saw knives, razors, + &c. &c., produced in a few minutes from the raw + material. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page396" + name="page396"></a>[pg 396]</span> I saw dinner knives made + from the steel bar and all the process of hammering it into + form, welding the tang of the handle to the steel of the + blade, hardening the metal by cooling it in water and + tempering it by de-carbonizing it in the fire with a rapidity + and facility that were astonishing. + </p> + <p> + "The number of hands through which a common table knife + passes in its formation is worthy of being known to all who + use them. The bar steel is heated in the forge by <i>the + maker</i>, and he and <i>the striker</i> reduce it in a few + minutes into the shape of a knife. He then heats a bar of + iron and welds it to the steel so as to form the tang of the + blade which goes into the handle. All this is done with the + simplest tools and contrivances. A few strokes of the hammer + in connexion with some trifling moulds and measures, attached + to the anvil, perfect, in two or three minutes the blade and + its tang or shank. Two men, the maker and striker, produce + about nine blades in an hour, or seven dozen and a half per + day. + </p> + <p> + "The rough blade thus produced then passes through the hands + of <i>the filer</i>, who files the blade into form by means + of a pattern in hard steel. It then goes to the halters to be + hafted in ivory, horn, &c. as may be required; it next + proceeds to the finisher, to Mr. Rodgers for examination, and + is then packed for sale or exportation. In this progression + every table-knife, pocket-knife, or pen-knife, passes step by + step, through no less than sixteen hands, involving in the + language of Mr. Rodgers, at least 144 separate stages of + workmanship in the production of a single pen-knife. The + prices vary from 2<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. per dozen knives and + forks, to £10." + </p> + <p> + (<i>To be concluded in our next</i>.) + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + FUN. + </h3> + <p> + Monosyllables are always expressive, but seldom more + comprehensive than in this instance. A thousand recollections + of urchin waggeries spring up at its repetition. Our present + example is "<i>Skying a Copper</i>," from Mr. Hood's <i>Comic + Annual</i>, of which a copious notice will be found in the + SUPPLEMENT published with the present number. + </p> + <h3> + A REPORT FROM BELOW! + </h3> + <center> + "Blow high, blow low."—<i>Sea Song</i>. + </center> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + As Mister B. and Mrs. B. + </p> + <p> + One night were sitting down to tea, + </p> + <p> + With toast and muffins hot— + </p> + <p> + They heard a loud and sudden bounce, + </p> + <p> + That made the very china flounce, + </p> + <p> + They could not for a time pronounce + </p> + <p> + If they were safe or shot— + </p> + <p> + For memory brought a deed to match + </p> + <p> + At Deptford done by night— + </p> + <p> + Before one eye appear'd a Patch + </p> + <p> + In t'other eye a Blight! + </p> + </div> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + To be belabour'd out of life, + </p> + <p> + Without some small attempt at strife, + </p> + <p> + Our nature will not grovel; + </p> + <p> + One impulse mov'd both man and dame, + </p> + <p> + He seized the tongs—she did the same, + </p> + <p> + Leaving the ruffian, if he came, + </p> + <p> + The poker and the shovel. + </p> + <p> + Suppose the couple standing so, + </p> + <p> + When rushing footsteps from below + </p> + <p> + Made pulses fast and fervent; + </p> + <p> + And first burst in the frantic cat, + </p> + <p> + All steaming like a brewer's rat, + </p> + <p> + And then—as white as my cravat— + </p> + <p> + Poor Mary May, the servant! + </p> + </div> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + Lord how the couple's teeth did chatter, + </p> + <p> + Master and Mistress both flew at her, + </p> + <p> + "Speak! Fire? or Murder? What's the matter?" + </p> + <p> + Till Mary getting breath, + </p> + <p> + Upon her tale began to touch + </p> + <p> + With rapid tongue, full trotting, such + </p> + <p> + As if she thought she had too much + </p> + <p> + To tell before her death:— + </p> + </div> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + "We was both, Ma'am, in the wash-house, Ma'am, a-standing + at our tubs, + </p> + <p> + And Mrs. Round was seconding what little things I rubs; + </p> + <p> + 'Mary,' says she to me, 'I say'—and there she stops + for coughin, + </p> + <p> + 'That dratted copper flue has took to smokin very often, + </p> + <p> + But please the pigs,'—for that's her way of + swearing in a passion, + </p> + <p> + 'I'll blow it up, and not be set a coughin in this + fashion!' + </p> + <p> + Well down she takes my master's horn—I mean his + horn for loading. + </p> + <p> + And empties every grain alive for to set the flue + exploding. + </p> + <p> + 'Lawk, Mrs. Round?' says I, and stares, 'that quantum is + unproper, + </p> + <p> + I'm sartin sure it can't not take a pound to sky a + copper; + </p> + <p> + You'll powder both our heads off, so I tells you, with + its puff, + </p> + <p> + But she only dried her fingers, and she takes a pinch of + snuff.' + </p> + <p> + Well, when the pinch is over—'Teach your + Grandmother to suck + </p> + <p> + A powder horn,' says she—Well, says I, I wish you + luck. + </p> + <p> + Them words sets up her back, so with her hands upon her + hips, + </p> + <p> + 'Come,' says she, quite in a huff, 'come keep your tongue + inside your lips; + </p> + <p> + Afore ever you was born, I was well used to things like + these; + </p> + <p> + I shall put it in the grate, and let it burn up by + degrees.' + </p> + <p> + So in it goes, and Bounce—O Lord! it gives us such + a rattle, + </p> + <p> + I thought we both were cannonized, like Sogers in a + battle! + </p> + <p> + Up goes the copper like a squib, and us on both our + backs, + </p> + <p> + And bless the tubs, they bundled off, and split all into + cracks + </p> + <p> + Well, there I fainted dead away, and might have been cut + shorter, + </p> + <p> + But Providence was kind, and brought me to with scalding + water + </p> + <p> + I first looks round for Mrs. Round, and sees her at a + distance, + </p> + <p> + As stiff as starch, and looked as dead as any thing in + existence; + </p> + <p> + All scorched and grimed, and more than that, I sees the + copper slap + </p> + <p> + Right on her head, for all the world like a percussion + copper cap. + </p> + <p> + Well, I crooks her little fingers, and crumps them well + up together, + </p> + <p> + As humanity pints out, and burnt her nostrums with a + feather; + </p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page397" + name="page397"></a>[pg 397]</span> + <p> + But for all as I can do, to restore her to her mortality, + </p> + <p> + She never gives a sign of a return to sensuality. + </p> + <p> + Thinks I, well there she lies, as dead as my own late + departed mother, + </p> + <p> + Well, she'll wash no more in this world, whatever she + does in t'other. + </p> + <p> + So I gives myself to scramble up the linens for a minute, + </p> + <p> + Lawk, sich a shirt! thinks I, it's well my master wasn't + in it; + </p> + <p> + Oh! I never, never, never, never, never, see a sight so + shockin; + </p> + <p> + Here lays a leg, and there a leg—I mean, you know, + a stockin— + </p> + <p> + Bodies all slit and torn to rags, and many a tattered + skirt, + </p> + <p> + And arms burnt off and sides and backs all scotched and + black with dirt; + </p> + <p> + But as nobody was in 'em—none but—nobody was + hurt! + </p> + <p> + Well, there I am, a scrambling up the things, all in a + lump. + </p> + <p> + When, mercy on us! such a groan as makes my heart to + jump. + </p> + <p> + And there she is, a-lying with a crazy sort of eye, + </p> + <p> + A staring at the wash-house roof, laid open to the sky: + </p> + <p> + Then she beckons with a finger, and so down to her I + reaches, + </p> + <p> + And puts my ear agin her mouth to hear her dying + speeches, + </p> + <p> + For, poor soul! she has a husband and young orphans, as I + knew; + </p> + <p> + Well, Ma'am, you won't believe it, but it's Gospel fact + and true, + </p> + <p> + But these words is all she whispered—'Why, where + <i>is</i> the powder blew'" + </p> + </div> + </div> + <hr class="full" /> + <h2> + THE NATURALIST. + </h2> + <hr /> + <h3> + MODE OF DESTROYING EAGLES. + </h3> + <p> + In those parts of the Highlands of Scotland where eagles are + numerous, and where they commit great ravages among the young + lambs, the following methods are used for destroying + them:—When the nest happens to be in a place situated + in the direction of a perpendicular from the edge of a cliff + above, a bundle of dry heath or grass inclosing a burning + peat is let down into it. In other cases, a person is let + down by means of a rope, which is held above by four or five + men, and contrives to destroy the eggs or young. The person + who thus descends takes a large stick with him, to beat off + or intimidate the old eagles. The latter, however, always + keep at a respectable distance, for powerful as they are, + they possess little of the courage which has in all ages been + attributed to them, being in this respect much inferior to + the domestic cock, the raven, the sea-swallow, and a hundred + other birds. Sometimes eagles have their nests in places + accessible without a rope, and instances are known of persons + frequenting these nests, for the purpose of carrying off the + prey which the eagles carry to their young. A very prevalent + method by which eagles are destroyed, is the + following:—In a place not far from a nest, or a rock in + which eagles repose at night, or on the face of a hill which + they are frequently observed to scour in search of prey, a + pit is dug to the depth of a few feet, of sufficient size to + admit a man with ease. The pit is then covered over with + sticks, and pieces of turf, the latter not cut from the + vicinity, eagles, like other cowards, being extremely wary + and suspicious. A small hole is formed at one end of this + pit, through which projects the muzzle of a gun, while at the + other is left an opening large enough to admit a featherless + biped, who on getting in pulls after him a bundle of heath of + sufficient size to close it. A carcass of a sheep or dog, or + a fish or fowl, being previously without at the distance of + from twelve to twenty yards, the lyer-in-wait watches + patiently for the descent of the eagle, and, the moment it + has fairly settled upon the carrion, fires. In this manner, + multitudes of eagles are yearly destroyed in Scotland. The + head, claws, and quills, are kept by the shepherds, to be + presented to the factor at Martinmas or Whitsunday, for the + premium of from half-a-crown to five shillings which is + usually awarded on-such occasions.—<i>Edinburgh + Literary Gazette</i>. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + THE PIED OYSTER CATCHER. + </h3> + <p> + This separate and single genus of birds is seldom seen + amongst the numerous descriptions of wild fowl, which, in the + winter seasons, wing their flight to our marshes. The most + striking part of the Oyster-catcher is its bill, the colour + of which is scarlet, measuring in length nearly four inches, + wide at the nostrils, and grooved beyond them nearly half its + length: thence to the tip it is vertically compressed on the + sides, and ends obtusely. With this instrument, which in its + shape and structure is peculiar to this bird, it easily + disengages the limpets from the rocks, and plucks out the + oysters from their half-opened shells, on which it feeds, as + well as on other shell-fish, sea-worms, and insects. + </p> + <p> + W.G.C. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + BUTTERFLIES. + </h3> + <p> + The splendid appearance of the plumage of tropical birds is + not superior to what the curious observer may discover in a + variety of Lepidóptera; and those many-coloured eyes, + which deck so gorgeously the peacock's tail, are imitated + with success in Vanéssa Io, one of our most common + butterflies. "See," exclaims the illustrious Linnaeus, "the + large, elegant, painted wings of the butterfly, + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page398" name="page398"></a>[pg + 398]</span> four in number, covered with small imbricated + scales; with these it sustains itself in the air the whole + day, rivalling the flight of birds, and the brilliancy of the + peacock. Consider this insect through the wonderful progress + of its life, how different is the first period of its being + from the second, and both from the parent insect. Its changes + are an inexplicable enigma to us: we see a green caterpillar, + furnished with sixteen feet, creeping, hairy, and feeding + upon the leaves of a plant; this is changed into chrysalis, + smooth, of a golden lustre, hanging suspended to a fixed + point, without feet, and subsisting without food; this insect + again undergoes another transformation, acquires wings and + six feet, and becomes a variegated white butterfly, living by + suction upon the honey of plants. What has nature produced + more worthy of our admiration? Such an animal coming upon the + stage of the world, and playing its part there under so many + different masks! In the egg of the Papilio, the epidermis or + external integument falling off, a caterpillar is disclosed; + the second epidermis drying, and being detached, it is a + chrysalis; and the third, a butterfly. It should seem that + the ancients were so struck with the transformations of the + butterfly, and its revival from a seeming temporary death, as + to have considered it an emblem of the soul, the Greek word + <i>psyche</i> signifying both the soul and a butterfly. This + is also confirmed by their allegorical sculptures, in which + the butterfly occurs as an emblem of immortality." + Swammerdam, speaking of the metamorphosis of insects, uses + these strong words: "This process is formed in so remarkable + a manner in butterflies, that we see therein the resurrection + painted before our eyes, and exemplified so as to be examined + by our hands." "There is no one," says Paley, "who does not + possess some particular train of thought, to which the mind + naturally directs itself, when left entirely to its own + operations. It is certain too, that the choice of this train + of thinking may be directed to different ends, and may appear + to be more or less judiciously fixed, but in a <i>moral + view</i>, if one train of thinking be more desirable than + another, it is that which regards phenomena of nature with a + constant reference to a supreme intelligent Author. The works + of nature want only to be contemplated. In every portion of + them which we can decry, we find attention bestowed upon the + minuter objects. Every organized natural body, in the + provisions which it contains for its sustentation and + propagation, testifies a care, on the part of the Creator, + expressly directed to these purposes. We are on all sides + surrounded by bodies wonderfully curious, and no less + wonderfully diversified." Trifling, therefore, and, perhaps, + contemptible, as to the unthinking may seem the study of a + butterfly, yet, when we consider the art and mechanism + displayed in so minute a structure, the fluids circulating in + vessels so small as almost to escape the sight, the beauty of + the wings and covering, and the manner in which each part is + adapted for its peculiar functions, we cannot but be struck + with wonder and admiration, and must feel convinced that the + maker of all has bestowed equal skill in every class of + animated beings; and also allow with Paley, that "the + production of beauty was as much in the Creator's mind in + painting a butterfly, as in giving symmetry to the human + form." + </p> + <hr class="full" /> + <h2> + SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. + </h2> + <hr /> + <h3> + LADY MORGAN'S EGOTISM. + </h3> + <p> + We know, and posterity will say the same, that there was + never such a paragon as her ladyship; that her house in + Kildare-street, Dublin, will be to future ages, what + Shakspeare's house in Henley-street, Stratford-upon-Avon, is + now; that pilgrims from all corners of the civilized globe + will pay their devotions at her shrine; and that the name of + Morgan will be remembered long after the language in which + she has immortalized it has ceased to be a living tongue. WE + are not the persons to deny this; for WE are but too proud of + being able to call ourselves her contemporary; but we do + dislike (and her ladyship will, forgive us for saying + so)—we do dislike the seeming vanity of proclaiming + this herself. She <i>is</i> a very great woman; an + extraordinary woman; an Irish prodigy; popes and emperors + <i>have</i> trembled before her; all Europe, all Asia, all + America, from the St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico, ring + with her praises; there never has been such "a jewel of a + woman," as her own countrymen would say. She knows this, and + we know it; and "our husband" knows it; every body knows it; + then why need she tell us so a hundred times over in her + "Book of the Boudoir?" + </p> + <p> + There is another little circumstance which we would take the + liberty of mentioning. It is, that she is much too + scrupulous, much too delicate in naming + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page399" name="page399"></a>[pg + 399]</span> individuals, <i>unless they happen to be + dead</i>. When she mentions a civil thing said to her by a + prince, a duke, or a marquess, we never get at the + <i>person</i>. It is always the Prince of A——, or + the Duke of B——, or the Marquess of + C——, or Count D——, or Lady + E——, or the Marchioness of F——, or + the Countess of G——, or Lord H——, or + Sir George I——, and so on through the alphabet. + Now we say again, that <i>we</i> have no doubt all these are + the initials of real persons, and that her ladyship is as + familiar with the blood royal and the aristocracy of Europe, + as "maids of fifteen are with puppy-dogs;" but the world, my + dear Lady Morgan—an ill-natured, sour, cynical, and + suspicious world, envious of your glory, will be apt to call + it nil fudge, blarney, or <i>blatherum-skite</i>, as they say + in your country; especially when it is observed that you + <i>always</i> give the names of the illustrious <i>dead</i>, + with whom you have been upon equally familiar terms of + intimacy, at <i>full length</i>; as if you knew that dead + people tell <i>no</i> tales; and that therefore you might + tell <i>any</i> tales you like about dead people. We put it + to your own good sense, my dear Lady Morgan, as the Duke of + X—— would call you, whether this remarkable + difference in mentioning living characters, and those who are + no longer living, does not look equivocal? For you know, my + dear Lady Morgan, that Prince R—— and Princess + W——, by standing for any body, mean + nobody.—<i>Blackwood's Magazine</i>. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + CURE FOR SUPERSTITION. + </h3> + <p> + We find the following curious anecdote translated from a + German work, in the last <i>Foreign Quarterly + Review</i>:— + </p> + <p> + A poor protestant who had fallen from his horse and done + himself some serious injury which had obviously ended in + derangement, came to a Catholic priest, declaring that he was + possessed, and telling a story of almost dramatic interest. + In his sickness he had consulted a quack doctor, who told him + that he could cure him by charms. He wrote strange signs on + little fragments of paper, some of which were to be worn, + some to be eaten in bread and drunk in wine. These the poor + madman fancied afterwards were charms by which he had + unknowingly sold himself to the devil. The doctor, he + fancied, had done so before, and could only redeem his own + soul by putting another in the power of Satan. "I know that + this is my condition," said the poor madman, "by all I have + seen and heard, by all I have suffered, by the change which + has taken place in me, which has at length brought me to my + present condition. All I cannot reveal; the little I can and + dare tell must convince you. Often has my tormentor pent me + up in the stove, and let me lie among the burning brands + through the live long night. Then I hear him in my torment + talking loud, I know not what, over my head. All prayer he + forbids me, and he makes me tell whether I would give all I + have or my soul for my cure. Then he speaks to me of the + Bible; but he falsifies all he tells me of, or he tells me of + some new-born king or queen in the kingdom of God. I cannot + go to church; I cannot pray; I cannot think a good thought; I + see sights of horror ever before me, which fill me with + unutterable fear, and I know not what is rest; my one only + thought is how soon the devil will come to claim his wretched + victim and carry me to the place of torment." The poor + creature had a belief that a Roman Catholic priest had the + power of exorcism. The priest was most kind to the poor + maniac, and tried to convince him of the power and goodness + of God, and his love to his creatures. It need not be said + that this was talking to the wind. In fine, he said, "Well, I + will rid you of your tormentor. He shall have to do with me, + and not with you, in future." This promise had the desired + effect; and the priest followed it up by advising the maniac + to go to a good physician, to avoid solitude, to work hard, + to read his Bible, and remember the comfortable declarations + of which he had been just reminded, and if he was in any + doubt or anxiety, to go to his parish minister. + </p> + <hr class="full" /> + <h2> + THE GATHERER. + </h2> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. + </p> + <p> + SHAKSPEARE. + </p> + </div> + </div> + <hr /> + <h3> + ADDISON. + </h3> + <p> + A certain author was introduced one day by a friend to Mr. + Addison, who requested him at the same time to peruse and + correct a copy of English verses. Addison took the verses and + found them afterwards very stupid. Observing that above + twelve lines from Homer were prefixed to them, by way of + motto, he only erased the Greek lines, without making any + amendment in the poem, and returned it. The author, seeing + this, desired his friend who had introduced him to inquire of + Mr. Addison the reason of his doing so. "Whilst the statues + of Caligula," said he, "were all of a piece, they were little + regarded by <span class="pagenum"><a id="page400" + name="page400"></a>[pg 400]</span> the people, but when he + fixed the heads of gods upon unworthy shoulders, he profaned + them, and made himself ridiculous. I, therefore, made no more + conscience to separate Homer's verses from this poem, than + the thief did who stole the silver head from the brazen body + in Westminster Abbey."<a id="footnotetag3" + name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + A furious wife, like a musket, may do a great deal of + execution in her house, but then she makes a great noise in + it at the same time. A mild wife, will, like an air-gun, act + with as much power without being heard. + </p> + <p> + L—W—R M. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + ST. MARTIN S LITTLE SUMMER. + </h3> + <p> + In <i>Time's Telescope</i> for 1825, we are told that the few + fine days which sometimes occur about the beginning of + November have been denominated, "St. Martin's Little Summer." + To this Shakspeare alludes in the first part of <i>King Henry + the Fourth</i> (Act. I, Scene 2), where Prince Henry says to + <i>Falstaff</i>, "Farewell, thou latter spring! farewell, + All-hallowen summer!" And in the first part of <i>King Henry + the Sixth</i>, (Act I, Scene 2), <i>Joan La Pucelle</i> says, + </p> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> + "Assign'd am I to be the English scourge— + </p> + <p> + This night the siege assuredly I'll raise: + </p> + <p> + Expect St. Martin's Summer, halcyon days, + </p> + <p> + Since I have entered into these wars." + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p> + W.G.C. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + SCRAPS. + </h3> + <p> + (<i>For the Mirror</i>.) + </p> + <p> + M.F. Cuvier has found that all marshy countries are + remarkable for the small number of births in autumn, or the + period when the influence of the marshes is most dangerous. + Consequently, the marshes do not diminish the population by + adding to the number of deaths alone, but by attacking the + <i>fecundity</i>. + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + In Guiana balls are made of caoutchouc, for children to play + with; and so elastic are they, that they will rebound several + times between the ceiling and floor of a room, when thrown + with some force. + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + In turtles' eggs, the yolk soon becomes hard on boiling, + whilst the white remains liquid: a fact in direct opposition + to the changes in boiling the eggs of birds. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + WHEAT. + </h3> + <p> + There are 330 varieties and sub-varieties of wheat said to be + growing in-Britain, perhaps scarcely a dozen of which are + generally known to farmers. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + DUTCH BUTTER. + </h3> + <p> + Is made with cream alone, and is best preserved in casks or + tubs, with a pickle made of salt, which is removed from time + to time. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + SIAMESE COMMANDMENTS. + </h3> + <p> + The moral precepts of the Siamese are comprised in the + following Ten Commandments:— + </p> + <p> + 1. Do not slay animals. + </p> + <p> + 2. Do not steal. + </p> + <p> + 3. Do not commit adultery. + </p> + <p> + 4. Do not tell lies nor backbite. + </p> + <p> + 5. Do not drink wine.<a id="footnotetag4" + name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a> + </p> + <p> + 6. Do not eat after twelve o'clock. + </p> + <p> + 7. Do not frequent plays or public spectacles, nor listen to + music. + </p> + <p> + 8. Do not use perfumes, nor wear flowers, or other personal + ornaments. + </p> + <p> + 9. Do not sleep or recline upon a couch that is above one + cubit high. + </p> + <p> + 10. Do not borrow, nor be in debt. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + ANNUALS FOR 1830. + </h3> + <p> + The Supplement published with the present number contains a + Fine Large Engraving of the <i>Leaning Towers of Bologna</i>; + humorous cuts from the <i>Comic Annual</i>; and interesting + Notices and Unique Extracts from the <i>Keepsake, Landscape + Annual, Forget-Me Not, Bijou, Emmanuel</i>, &c. and with + No. 400, forms the SPIRIT OF THE ANNUALS FOR 1830. + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE<br /> + <i>Following Novels is already Published</i>: + </p> + <pre> + s. d. +Mackenzie's Man of Feeling 0 6 +Paul and Virginia 0 6 +The Castle of Otranto 0 6 +Almoran and Ham et 0 6 +Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia 0 6 +The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne 0 6 +Rasselas 0 8 +The Old English Baron 0 8 +Nature and Art 0 8 +Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield 0 10 +Sicilian Romance 1 0 +The Man of the World 1 0 +A Simple Story 1 4 +Joseph Andrews 1 6 +Humphry Clinker 1 8 +The Romance of the Forest 1 8 +The Italian 2 0 +Zeluco, by Dr. Moore 2 6 +Edward, by Dr. Moore 2 6 +Roderick Random 2 6 +The Mysteries of Udolpho 3 6 +Peregrine Pickle 4 6 +</pre> + <hr class="full" /> + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p> + Switzerland; or a Journal of a Tour and Residence in that + country, in 1817, 1818, and 1819. By L. Simond, 2 vols. 8 + vo. Second Edit. 1823 Murray. + </p> + </blockquote> + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a> <b>Footnote 2</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p> + The utility of such a Tour as the present is greater than + may appear at first sight. Londoners are so absorbed with + the wealth and importance of their own city, as to form but + very erroneous notions of the extent and consequence of the + large towns of the empire—as Liverpool, Manchester, + &c.; find those who live in small country towns are as + far removed from opportunities of improvement. The + <i>social economy</i> of different districts is therefore + important to both parties. + </p> + </blockquote> + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a> <b>Footnote 3</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + <p> + In Henry the Seventh's chapel. + </p> + </blockquote> + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a> <b>Footnote 4</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a> + <p> + The punishment for drinking wine is to have a stream of + melted copper poured down the throat; but wine is drunk, + and all classes feed upon flesh. + </p> + </blockquote> + <hr class="full" /> + <p> + <i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD 143, Strand, (near + Somerset House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New + Market, Leipsic; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers</i>. + </p> +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11458 ***</div> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/11458-h/images/403-1.png b/11458-h/images/403-1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a74471 --- /dev/null +++ b/11458-h/images/403-1.png |
