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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11456 ***
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XIV, NO. 392.] SATURDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1829. [PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+
+The Duke's Theatre, Dorset Gardens.
+
+
+[Illustration: The Duke's Theatre, Dorset Gardens.]
+
+
+The above theatre was erected in the year 1671, about a century after the
+regular establishment of theatres in England. It rose in what may be
+called the brazen age of the Drama, when the prosecutions of the Puritans
+had just ceased, and legitimacy and licentiousness danced into the theatre
+hand in hand. At the Restoration, the few players who had not fallen in
+the wars or died of poverty, assembled under the banner of Sir William
+Davenant, at the Red Bull Theatre. Rhodes, a bookseller, at the same time,
+fitted up the Cockpit in Drury Lane, where he formed a company of entirely
+new performers. This was in 1659, when Rhodes's two apprentices, Betterton
+and Kynaston, were the stars. These companies afterwards united, and were
+called the Duke's Company. About the same time, Killigrew, that eternal
+caterer for good things, collected together a few of the old actors who
+were honoured with the title of the "King's Company," or "His Majesty's
+Servants," which distinction is preserved by the Drury Lane Company, to
+the present day, and is inherited from Killigrew, who built and opened
+the first theatre in Drury Lane, in 1663. In 1662, Sir William Davenant
+obtained a patent for building "the Duke's Theatre," in Little Lincoln's
+Inn Fields, which he opened with the play of "the Siege of Rhodes,"
+written by himself. The above company performed here till 1671, when
+another "Duke's Theatre." was built in Dorset Gardens,[1] by Sir
+Christopher Wren, in a similar style of architecture to that in Lincoln's
+Inn Fields. The company removed thither, November 9, in the same year, and
+continued performing till the union of the Duke and the King's Companies,
+in 1682; and performances were continued occasionally here until 1697. The
+building was demolished about April, 1709, and the site is now occupied by
+the works of a Gas Light Company.
+
+
+    [1] At the end of Dorset-street, now communicating with Fleet-street,
+        through Salisbury-square and Salisbury-court.
+
+
+The Duke's Theatre, as the engraving shows, had a handsome front towards
+the river, with a landing-place for visiters by water, a fashion which
+prevailed in the early age of the Drama, if we may credit the assertion of
+Taylor, the water poet, that about the year 1596, the number of watermen
+maintained by conveying persons to the theatres on the banks of the
+Thames, was not less than 40,000, showing a love of the drama at that
+early period which is very extraordinary.[2] All we have left of this
+aquatic rage is a solitary boat now and then skimming and scraping to
+Vauxhall Gardens.
+
+
+    [2] The _Globe_, the _Rose_, and the _Swan_, were on Baukside;
+        besides which there were, either then or after, six other
+        theatres on the Middlesex bank of the Thames.
+
+
+The upper part of the front will be admired for its characteristic taste;
+as the figures of Comedy and Tragedy surmounting the balustrade, the
+emblematic flame, and the wreathed arms of the founder.
+
+Operas were first introduced on the English stage, at Dorset Gardens, in
+1673, with "expensive scenery;" and in Lord Orrery's play of Henry V.,
+performed here in the year previous, the actors, Harris, Betterton, and
+Smith, wore the coronation suits of the Duke of York, King Charles, and
+Lord Oxford.
+
+The names of Betterton and Kynaston bespeak the importance of the Duke's
+Theatre. Cibber calls Betterton "an actor, as Shakspeare was an author,
+both without competitors;" in his performance of _Hamlet_, he profited by
+the instructions of Sir William Davenant, who embodied his recollections
+of Joseph Taylor, instructed by SHAKSPEARE to play the character! What
+a delightful association--to see Hamlet represented in the true vein in
+which the sublime author conceived it! Kynaston's celebrity was of a more
+equivocal description. He played _Juliet_ to Betterton's _Romeo_, and was
+the Siddons of his day; for women did not generally appear on the stage
+till after the Restoration. The anecdote of Charles II. waiting at the
+theatre for the stage _queen_ to be _shaved_ is well known.
+
+Pepys speaks of Harris, in his interesting _Diary_ as "growing very proud,
+and demanding 20_l_. for himself extraordinary more than Betterton, or
+any body else, upon every new play, and 10_l_. upon every revive; which,
+with other things, Sir William Davenant would not give him, and so he
+swore he would never act there more, in expectation of his being received
+in the other house;" (this was in 1663, at the Duke's Theatre in Lincoln's
+Inn Fields.) "He tells me that the fellow grew very proud of late, the
+King and every body else crying him up so high," &c. Poor Sir William, he
+must have been as much worried and vexed as Mr. Ebers with the Operatics,
+or any Covent Garden manager, in our time; whose days and nights are not
+very serene, although passed among the _stars_,
+
+In one of Pepys's notices of Hart, he tells us "It pleased us mightily
+to see the natural affection of a poor woman, the mother of one of the
+children brought upon the stage; the child crying, she, by force, got upon
+the stage, and took up her child, and carried it away off the stage from
+Hart." This pleasant playgoer likewise says, in 1667-8, "when I began
+first to be able to bestow a play on myself, I do not remember that I saw
+so many by half of the ordinary prentices and mean people in the pit at
+2_s_. 6_d_. a-piece as now; I going for several years no higher than the
+12_d_. and then the 18_d_. places, though I strained hard to go in then
+when I did; so much the vanity and prodigality of the age is to be
+observed in this particular."
+
+It may be at this moment interesting to mention that the first Covent
+Garden Theatre was opened under the patent granted to Sir William Davenant
+for the Dorset Gardens and Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatres. We must also
+acknowledge our obligation for the preceding notes to the _Companion to
+the Theatres_, a pretty little work which we noticed _en passant_ when
+published, and which we now seasonably recommend to the notice of our
+readers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FOUR SONNETS.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+SPRING.
+
+
+  Season of sighs perfumed, and maiden flowers,
+    Young Beauty's birthday, cradled in delight
+  And kept by muses in the blushing bowers
+    Where snow-drops spring most delicately white!
+  Oh it is luxury to minds that feel
+    Now to prove truants to the giddy world,
+  Calmly to watch the dewy tints that steal
+    O'er opening roses--'till in smiles unfurled
+  Their fresh-made petals silently unfold.
+    Or mark the springing grass--or gaze upon
+  Primeval morning till the hues of gold
+    Blaze forth and centre in the glorious sun!
+  Whose gentler beams exhale the tears of night,
+  And bid each grateful tongue deep melodies indite.
+
+
+SUMMER.
+
+
+  Now is thy fragrant garland made complete,
+    Maturing year! but as its many dyes
+  Mingle in rainbow hues divinely sweet,
+    They fade and fleet in unobserved sighs!
+  Yet now all fresh and fair, how dear thou art,
+    Just born to breathe and perish! touched by heaven,
+  From lifeless Winter to a beating heart,
+    From scathing blasts to Summer's balmy even!
+  Methinks some angel from the bowers of bliss,
+    In May descended, scattering blossoms round,
+  Embraced each opening flower, bestowed a kiss,
+    And woke the notes of harmony profound;
+  But ere July had waned, alas, she fled,
+  Took back to heaven the flowers, and left the falling leaves instead.
+
+
+AUTUMN.
+
+
+  Field flowers and breathing minstrelsy, farewell!
+    The rose is colourless and withering fast,
+  Sweet Philomel her song forgets to swell,
+    And Summer's rich variety is past!
+  The sear leaves wander, and the hoar of age
+    Gathers her trophy for the dying year,
+  And following in her noiseless pilgrimage,
+    Waters her couch with many a pearly tear.
+  Yet there is one unchanging friend who stays
+    To cheer the passage into Winter's gloom--
+  The redbreast chants his solitary lays,
+    A simple requiem over Nature's tomb,
+  So, when the Spring of life shall end with me,
+  God of my Fathers! may I find a changeless Friend in thee!
+
+
+WINTER.
+
+
+  The trees are leafless, and the hollow blast
+    Sings a shrill anthem to the bitter gloom,
+  The lately smiling pastures are a waste,
+    While beauty generates in Nature's womb;
+  The frowning clouds are charged with fleecy snow,
+    And storm and tempest bear a rival sway;
+  Soft gurgling rivulets have ceased to flow,
+    And beauty's garlands wither in decay:
+  Yet look but heavenward! beautiful and young
+    In life and lustre see the stars of night
+  Untouch'd by time through ages roll along,
+    And clear as when at first they burst to light.
+  And then look from the stars where heaven appears
+  Clad in the fertile Spring of everlasting years!
+
+BENJAMIN GOUGH.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EXERCISE, AIR, AND SLEEP.
+
+(_Abridged from Mr. Richards's "Treatise on Nervous Disorders."_)
+
+
+The generality of people are well aware of the vast importance of exercise;
+but few are acquainted with its _modus operandi_, and few avail
+themselves so fully as they might of its extensive benefits. The function
+of respiration, which endues the blood with its vivifying principle, is
+very much influenced by exercise; for our Omniscient Creator has given to
+our lungs the same faculty of imbibing nutriment from various kinds of
+air, as He has given to the stomach the power of extracting nourishment
+from different kinds of aliment; and as the healthy functions of the
+stomach depend upon the due performance of certain chemical and mechanical
+actions, so do the functions of the lungs depend upon the due performance
+of proper exercise.
+
+Man being an animal destined for an active and useful life, Providence has
+ordained that sloth shall bring with it its own punishment. He who passes
+nearly the whole of his life in the open air, inhaling a salubrious
+atmosphere, enjoys health and vigour of body with tranquillity of mind,
+and dies at the utmost limit allotted to mortality. He, on the contrary,
+who leads an indolent or sedentary life, combining with it excessive
+mental exertion, is a martyr to a train of nervous symptoms, which are
+extremely annoying. Man was not created for a sedentary or slothful life;
+but all his organs and attributes are calculated for an existence of
+activity and industry. If therefore we would insure health and comfort,
+we must make exercise--to use Dr. Cheyne's expression--a part of our
+religion. But this exercise should be _in the open air_, and in such
+places as are most free from smoke, or any noxious exhalations; where, in
+fact, the air circulates freely, purely, and abundantly. I am continually
+told by persons that they take a great deal of exercise, being constantly
+on their feet from morning till night; but, upon inquiry, it happens, that
+this exercise is not in the open air, but in a crowded apartment, perhaps,
+as in a public office, a manufactory, or at a dress maker's, where twenty
+or thirty young girls are crammed together from nine o'clock in the
+morning till nine at night, or, what is nearly as pernicious, in a house
+but thinly inhabited. Exercise this cannot be called; it is the worst
+species of labour, entailing upon its victims numerous evils. Good air
+is as essential as wholesome food; for the air, by coming into immediate
+contact with the blood, enters at once into the constitution. If therefore
+the air be bad, every part of the body, whether near the heart or far from
+it, must participate in the evil which is produced.
+
+It is on this account that exercise _in the open air_ is so materially
+beneficial to digestion. If the blood be not properly prepared by the
+action of good air, how can the arteries of the stomach secrete good
+gastric juice? Then, we have a mechanical effect besides. By exercise the
+circulation of the blood is rendered more energetic and regular. Every
+artery, muscle, and gland is excited into action, and the work of
+existence goes on with spirit. The muscles press the blood-vessels, and
+squeeze the glands, so that none of them can be idle; so that, in short,
+every organ thus influenced must be in action. The consequence of all this
+is, that every function is well performed. The stomach digests readily,
+the liver pours out its bile freely, the bowels act regularly, and much
+superfluous heat is thrown out by perspiration. These are all very
+important operations, and in proportion to the perfection with which they
+are performed will be the health and comfort of the individual.
+
+There is another process accomplished by exercise, which more immediately
+concerns the nervous system. "Many people," says Mr. Abernethy, "who are
+extremely irritable and hypochondriacal, and are constantly obliged to
+take medicines to regulate their bowels while they live an inactive life,
+no longer suffer from nervous irritation, or require aperient medicines
+when they use exercise to a degree that would be excessive in ordinary
+constitutions." This leads us to infer that the superfluous energy of
+the nerves is exhausted by the exercise of the body, and that as the
+abstraction of blood mitigates inflammations, in like manner does the
+abstraction of nervous irritability restore tranquillity to the system.
+This of course applies only to a state of high nervous irritation; but
+exercise is equally beneficial when the constitution is much weakened, by
+producing throughout the whole frame that energetic action which has been
+already explained.
+
+A debilitated frame ought never to take so much exercise as to cause
+fatigue, neither ought exercise to be taken immediately _before_ nor
+immediately _after_ a full meal. Mr. Abernethy's prescription is a very
+good one--to rise early and use active exercise _in the open air_, till a
+slight degree of fatigue be felt; then to rest one hour, and breakfast.
+After this rest three hours, "in order that the energies of the
+constitution may be concentrated in the work of digestion;" then take
+active exercise again for two hours, rest one, and then dine. After dinner
+rest for three hours; and afterwards, in summer, take a gentle stroll,
+which, with an hour's rest before supper, will constitute the plan of
+exercise for the day. In wet or inclement weather, the exercise may be
+taken in the house, the windows being opened, "by walking actively
+backwards and forwards, as sailors do on ship-board."
+
+We now come to the consideration of _air_. Pure air is as necessary to
+existence as good and wholesome food; perhaps more so; for our food has to
+undergo a very elaborate change before it is introduced into the mass of
+circulating blood, while the air is received at once into the lungs, and
+comes into immediate contact with the blood in that important organ. The
+effect of the air upon the blood is this: by thrusting out as it were, all
+the noxious properties which it has collected in its passage through the
+body, it endues it with the peculiar property of vitality, that is, it
+enables it to build up, repair, and excite the different functions and
+organs of the body. If therefore this air, which we inhale every instant,
+be not pure, the whole mass of blood is very soon contaminated, and the
+frame, in some part or other speedily experiences the bad effects. This
+will explain to us the almost miraculous benefits which are obtained by
+_change of air_, as well as the decided advantages of a free and copious
+ventilation. The prejudices against a free circulation of air, especially
+in the sick chamber, are productive of great evil. The rule as regards
+this is plain and simple: admit as much fresh air as you can; provided it
+does not _blow in_ upon you _in a stream_, and provided you are not in a
+state of profuse perspiration at the time; for in accordance with the
+Spanish proverb--
+
+
+  "If the wind blows on you through a hole
+  Make your will, and take care of your soul."
+
+
+but if the _whole of the body be exposed at once_ to a cold atmosphere,
+no bad consequences need be anticipated.
+
+A great deal has been said about the necessary quantity of _sleep;_ that
+is, how long one ought to indulge in sleeping. This question, like many
+others, cannot be reduced to mathematical precision; for much must depend
+upon habit, constitution, and the nature and duration of our occupations.
+A person in good health, whose mental and physical occupations are not
+particularly laborious, will find seven or eight hours' sleep quite
+sufficient to refresh his frame. Those whose constitutions are
+debilitated, or whose occupations are studious or laborious, require
+rather more; but the best rule in all eases is to sleep till you are
+refreshed, and then get up. If you feel inclined for a snug nap after
+dinner, indulge in it; but do not let it exceed _half an hour;_ if you do,
+you will be dull and uncomfortable afterwards, instead of brisk and
+lively.
+
+In sleeping, as in eating and drinking, we must consult our habits and
+feelings, which are excellent monitors. What says the poet?--
+
+  "Preach not to me your musty rules,
+    Ye drones, that mused in idle cell,
+  The heart is wiser than the schools,
+    The senses always reason well."
+
+One particular recommendation I would propose in concluding this subject,
+from the observance of which much benefit has been derived--it is to sleep
+in a room as large and as airy as possible, and in a bed but little
+encumbered with curtains. The lungs must respire during sleep, as well as
+at any other time; and it is of great consequence that the air should be
+as pure as possible. In summer curtains should not be used at all, and in
+winter we should do well without them. In summer every wise man, who can
+afford it, will sleep out of town--at any of the villages which are
+removed sufficiently from the smoke and impurities of this overgrown
+metropolis.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE NOVELIST.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+AN INCIDENT AT FONDI.
+
+  "Away--three cheers--on we go."
+
+
+The morning was delightful; neither Corregio, nor Claude, with all their
+magic of conception could have made it lovelier. The heaven expanded like
+an azure sea--and the dimpling clouds of gold were its Elysian isles--not
+unlike the splendid images we are apt to admire in the poems of _Petrarch_
+and _Alamanni_. The music of the birds kept time to the sound of the
+postilions' whips--the streams sung a fairy legend, and the merry woods,
+touched with the brilliant glow of an Italian sun, breathed into the air
+a delicious sonata. Such a morning as this was formed for something
+memorable! The Grand Diavolo and his bravest ruffians awaited the
+travellers' approach.
+
+The carriage had pursued the direction of the path at a speed unequalled
+in the annals of the postilions; but the termination of the dell did not
+appear. Huge impending cliffs with their crown of trees imparted a shadowy
+depth to the solitude, which the travellers did not seem to relish.
+
+"How cursed inconvenient is this dell with its frightful woods," said the
+baronet to his smiling daughter, "one might as well be sequestered in
+Dante's Inferno. Look at those awful rocks--my mind misgives me as I view
+them. Sure there are no brigands concealed hereabout!"
+
+"Hope not, Pa'," replied the graceful Rosalia; but the last word had
+scarcely died on her lips, ere a discharge of shot was heard. The baronet
+opened his carriage door, and leaped on the ground.
+
+"Hollo! John, Tom, pistols here, my lads, a pretty rencontre this! Stand
+by Rosalia, my own self and purse I don't value a grout, but stand the
+brunt, lads; here they come--oh, that I had met them at Waterloo!"
+
+This attack perplexed the thoughts of the poor baronet. He regarded it as
+a romance in which he was to become the hero. But his present situation
+did not allow him the fascination of a dream. The brigands advanced from
+their concealment, and their chief, who seemed a most pleasant and polite
+scoundrel, commanded his men to inspect the luggage of the travellers.
+
+"Humph! and is that all?" growled the baronet.
+
+"I want a thousand crowns," said the chief, in a gentle tone, "you may
+then proceed."
+
+"Humph! and won't five hundred do?"
+
+"I insist!" returned the brigand, placing his hand on his sword!
+
+This menace was enough. It produced an awful consternation in the
+countenance of the Englishman. He, dear man, felt his heart quake within
+him, as he paid the brigand his enormous demand. But a second trial was
+reserved for him--he turned to his carriage--his daughter was not there!
+where could she be? He heard a laugh, and on raising his head, saw the
+identical object of his care! She waved her delicate white handkerchief
+from the steeps above, while an Italian officer stood beside her laughing
+with all his might. The suspicions of the father were realized. He was the
+tall intriguing scamp who had charmed the eyes of Rosalia at the inn!
+
+Away ran the sire, but the guilty pair seemed to fly with the wings of
+love attached to their heels; up the steep he clambered, scaring all the
+birds from their solitudes; still the lovers kept on before; they passed
+the bridge of Laino; the infuriated sire pursued; spire, tree, castle,
+church, stream; and in short the most beautiful features of the landscape
+appeared in the chase, but the fugitives did not stop to survey them. Away
+they pressed down the sunny slope, through the glen, along the margin of
+the Casparanna, swifter to the eye of the agonized parent than Jehu's
+chariot-wheels. Now they flag--they sit down amid the ruins of yonder old
+chapel--he will reach them now; alas! how vain are the calculations of
+man! In leaping across the Cathanna Mare, he received a shot in his arm;
+the cursed Italian had fired at him, and he fell, like a wounded bird into
+the stream!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Dear pa', how you kick one!" exclaimed the beauteous little daughter of
+the Englishman; "surely you have had a troublesome dream." "Dream! let me
+see," said the baronet, rubbing his eyes; "then I'm not drowned, and we
+are again at Albano, are we, and this is our merry host, and thank God,
+Rosalia, you are safe, and I must kiss you, my sweet girl." This was a
+pleasant scene!
+
+R. AUGUSTINE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TIME.
+
+IN IMITATION OF THE OLDEN POETS.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+      Time is a taper waning fast!
+      Use it, man, well whilst it doth last:
+  Lest burning downwards it consume away,
+  Before thou hast commenced the labour of the day.
+
+      Time is a pardon of a goodly soil!
+      Plenty shall crown thine honest toil:
+  But if uncultivated, rankest weeds
+  Shall choke the efforts of the rising seeds.
+
+      Time is a leasehold of uncertain date!
+      Granted to thee by everlasting fate.
+  Neglect not thou, ere thy short term expire,
+  To save thy soul from ever-burning fire.
+
+LEAR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SEPULCHRAL ENIGMA.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+
+The following Sepulchral Enigma against Pride, is engraved on a stone, in
+the Cathedral Church of Hamburgh:
+
+  "O, Mors, cur, Deus, negat, vitam,
+  be, se, bis, nos, his, nam."
+
+
+CANON.
+
+
+  Ordine daprimam mediae? mediamqz sequenti,
+    Debita sic nosces fala, superbe, tibi.
+  Quid mortalis homo jactas tot quidve superbis?
+    Cras forsan fies, pulvis et umbra levis,
+  Quid tibi opes prosunt? Quid nuuc tibi magna potesias?
+    Quidve honor? Ant praestans quid tibi forma? Nihil.
+  Vide _Variorum in Europa itinerum deliciae, &c.
+      Nathane Chitreo, Editio Secunda_, 1599.
+
+
+The above inscription and Canon are from a very scarce book, _me penes_;
+if they are deemed worthy of a place in your entertaining miscellany,
+and no solution or English version should be offered to your notice for
+insertion, I will avail myself of your permission to send one for your
+approval.
+
+Your's, &c. [Greek: S.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE VINE--A FRAGMENT.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+  See o'er the wall, the white-leav'd cluster-vine
+  Shoots its redundant tendrils; and doth seem,
+  Like the untam'd enthusiast's glowing heart,
+  Ready to clasp, with an abundant love,
+  All nature in its arms!
+
+C. COLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE COSMOPOLITE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ON LIBERTY.
+
+
+  "I don't hate the world, but I laugh at it;
+  for none but fools can be in earnest about a trifle."
+
+
+So says Gay of the world, in one of his letters to Swift, and we have
+adapted the quotation to our idea of liberty. True it is that Addison
+apostrophizes liberty as a
+
+
+  Goddess, heavenly bright!
+
+
+but we hope our laughter will not be considered as indecorous or
+profane. Our great essayist has exalted her into a Deity, and invested
+her with a mythological charm, which makes us doubt her existence; so
+that to laugh at her can be no more irreverend than to sneer at the
+belief in apparitions, a joke which is very generally enjoyed in these
+good days of spick-and-span philosophy. Whether Liberty ever existed
+or not, is to us a matter of little import, since it is certain that
+she belongs to the grand hoax which is the whole scheme of life. The
+extension of liberty into concerns of every-day life is therefore
+reasonable enough, and to prove that we are happy in possessing this
+ideal blessing, seems to have been the aim of all who have written on
+the subject. One, however, if we remember right, sets the matter in a
+grave light, when he says to man--
+
+
+  Since thy original lapse, true liberty
+  Is lost.
+
+
+He who loves to scatter crumbs of comfort in these starving times, will
+not despair at this sublime truth, but will seek to cherish the love of
+liberty, or the consolation for the loss of it wherever he goes.
+
+The reader need not be told that we are friends to the spread of liberty:
+indeed, we think she may "triumph over time, clip his wings, pare his
+nails, file his teeth, turn back his hour-glass, blunt his scythe, and
+draw the hobnails out of his shoes;" but to show how this may be done, we
+must run over a few varieties of liberty for the benefit of such as do not
+enjoy the inestimable blessings of being _free and easy_: we quote these
+words, vulgar as they are; for, of all words in our vernacular tongue,
+to express comfort and security from ill, commend us to the expletive of
+_free and easy_. We had rather not meddle with civil or religious liberty:
+they are as combustible as the Cotopaxi, or the new governments, of South
+America; and our attempts at reformation do not extend beyond paper and
+print, which the unamused reader may burn or not, as he pleases without
+searing his own conscience or exciting our revenge. To be sure, a few of
+our examples may border on civil liberty; but we shall not seek to find
+parallels for the Ptolemaian cages, or the Tower of Famine, in our times;
+neither shall we feast upon the horrors of the French Revolution, nor the
+last polite reception of the Russians by headless Turks; notwithstanding
+all these examples would bear us out in our idea of the love of liberty,
+and the evils of the loss of it.
+
+Kings often want liberty, even amidst the multitude of their luxuries.
+They are not unfrequently the veriest slaves at court, and liege and loyal
+as we are, we seldom hear of a king eating, drinking, and sleeping as
+other people do, without envying him so happy an interval from the cares
+of state, and the painted pomp of palaces. This it is that makes the
+domestic habits of kings so interesting to every one; and many a time have
+we crossed field after field to catch a glimpse of royalty, in a plain
+green chariot on the Brighton road, when we would not have put our heads
+out of window to see a procession to the House of Lords. Some kings have
+even gone so far in their love of plain life as to drop the king, which is
+a very pleasant sort of unkingship. Frederick the Great, at one of his
+literary entertainments adopted this plan to promote free conversation,
+when he reminded the circle that there was no monarch present, and that
+every one might think aloud. The conversation soon turned upon the faults
+of different governments and rulers, and general censures were passing
+from mouth to mouth pretty freely, when Frederick suddenly stayed the
+topic, by saying, "Peace, peace, gentlemen, have a care, the king is
+coming; it may be as well if he does not hear you, lest he should be
+obliged to be still worse than you." Our Second Charles was very fond of
+liberty, and of dropping the king, or as some writers say, he never took
+the office up: this was for another purpose, in times when
+
+
+  License they mean when they cry liberty.
+
+
+Voluntarily parting with one's liberty is, however, very different to
+having it taken from us, as in the anecdote of the citizen who never
+having been out of his native place during his lifetime, was, for some
+offence, sentenced to stay within the walls a whole year; when he died
+of grief not long afterwards.
+
+State imprisonment is like a set of silken fetters for kings and other
+great people. Thus, almost all our palaces have been used as prisons,
+according to the caprice of the monarch, or the violence of the uppermost
+faction. Shakspeare, in his historical plays, gives us many pictures of
+royal and noble suffering from the loss of liberty. One of the latter,
+with a beautiful antidote, is the address of Gaunt to Bolingbroke, after
+his banishment by Richard II.:--
+
+
+  All places that the eye of heaven visits,
+  Are to a wise man ports, and happy havens:
+  Teach thy necessity to reason thus:
+  There is no virtue like necessity.
+  Think not, the king did banish thee;
+  But thou the king: woe doth heavier sit,
+  Where it perceives it is but faintly borne.
+  Go, say--I sent thee forth to purchase honour,
+  And not--the king exiled thee: or suppose,
+  Devouring pestilence hangs in our air,
+  And thou art flying to a fresher clime.
+  Look, what thy soul holds dear, imagine it
+  To lie that way thou go'st, not whence thou comest:
+  Suppose the singing birds musicians;
+  The grass whereon thou tread'st, the presence strew'd;
+  The flowers, fair ladies; and thy steps, no more
+  Than a delightful measure, or a dance;
+  For gnarling sorrow hath less power to bite
+  The man that mocks at it, and sets it light.
+
+
+Even Napoleon, whose wounds were almost green at his death, sought to
+chase away the recollections of his ill-starred splendour, by rides and
+walks in the island, and conversation with his suite in his garden; and
+Louis XVIII. after his restoration to the throne of France, passed few
+such happy days as his exile at Hartwell, which though only a pleasant
+seat enough, had more comfort than the gilded saloons of Versailles, or
+the hurly-burly of the Tuilleries, with treason hatching in the street
+beneath the windows, and revolution stinking in the very nostrils of the
+court. Shakspeare might well call a crown a
+
+
+  Polished perturbation! golden care!
+
+
+and add--
+
+                  O majesty!
+  When thou dost pinch thy bearer, thou dost sit
+  Like a rich armour worn in heat of day,
+  That scalds with safety.
+
+Goldsmith has somewhat sarcastically lamented that the appetites of the
+rich do not increase with their wealth; in like manner, it would be a
+grievous thing could liberty be monopolized or scraped into heaps like
+wealth; a petty tyrant may persecute and imprison thousands, but he cannot
+thereby add one hour or inch to his own liberty.
+
+Another and a very common loss of liberty is by pleasure and the love of
+fame, especially by the slaves of fashion and the lovers of great place;
+
+
+  Whose lives are others' not their own.
+
+
+Pleasure for the most part, consists in fits of anticipation; since, the
+extra liberty or license of a debauch must be repaid by the iron fetters
+of headache, and the heavy hand of _ennui_ on the following day: even
+the purblind puppy of fashion will tell you, if you make free with your
+constitution, you must suffer for it; and this by a species of slavery. To
+dance attendance upon a great man for a small appointment, and to _boo_
+your way through the world, belongs to the worst of servitude. Congreve
+compares a levee at a great man's to a list of duns; and Shenstone still
+more ill-naturedly says, "a courtier's dependant is a beggar's dog."
+
+Making free, or taking liberties with your fortune, brings about the
+slavery, if not the sin, of poverty; and to take a liberty with the wealth
+of another is about as sure a road to slavery as picking pockets is to
+house-breaking. Debt is another of those odious badges which mark a man
+as a slave, and let him but go on to recovery, that like a snake in the
+sunshine, he may be the more effectually scotched and secured. Gay says to
+Swift, "I hate to be in debt; for I can't bear to pawn five pounds worth
+of my liberty to a tailor or a butcher. I grant you, this is not having
+the true spirit of modern nobility; but it is hard to cure the prejudice
+of education;" and every man will own that a _greater_ slave-master is not
+to be found at Cape Coast than the law's follower, who says, "I 'rest
+you;" and then "brings you to all manner of unrest." One of these fellows
+is even greater than the sultan of an African tribe in till his glory;
+though he neither bears the insignia of rank nor power--none of the little
+finery which wins allegiance and honour--yet he constrains you "by
+virtue," and brings about a compromise and temporary cessation of your
+liberty.
+
+Taking liberties with the pockets or tables of one's relations and
+friends, is at best, but a dangerous experiment. It cannot last long
+before they beg to be excused the liberty, &c., and like the countryman
+with the golden goose, you get a cold, fireless parlour, or a colder hall
+reception for your importunity; and, perchance, the silver ore being all
+gone, you must put up with the French plate. One of the most equivocal,
+if not dangerous, forms of correspondence is that beginning with "I take
+the liberty;" for it either portends some well tried "sufferer" as Lord
+Foppington calls him; a pressing call from a fundless charity; or at best
+but a note from an advertising tailor to tell you that for several years
+past you have been paying 50 per cent. too high a price for your clothes;
+but, like most good news, this comes upon crutches, and the loss is past
+redemption.
+
+What is called the liberty of the subject we must leave for a dull
+barrister to explain: in the meantime, if any reader be impatient for the
+definition, a night's billeting in Covent Garden watchhouse will initiate
+him into its blessings; he is not so dull as to require to be told how to
+get there. The liberty of the press is another ticklish subject to handle--
+like a hedgehog--all points; but we may be allowed to quote, as one of the
+most harmless specimens of the liberty of the press--the production of THE
+MIRROR, as we always acknowledge the liberty by reference to the sources
+whence our borrowed wealth is taken. This is giving credit in one way, and
+taking credit for our own honesty.
+
+Liberty-boys and brawlers would be new acquaintance for us. We are not old
+enough to remember "Wilkes and 45;" the cap of liberty is now seldom
+introduced into our national arms, and this and all such emblems are fast
+fading away. People who used to spout forth Cowper's line and a half on
+liberty, have given up the profession, and all men are at liberty to think
+as they please. Still ours is neither the golden nor the silver age of
+liberty: it is more like paper and platina liberty, things which have the
+weight and semblance without their value.
+
+The only odd rencontre we ever had with a liberty advocate was with L'Abbe
+Gregoire, one of the cabinet advisers of Napoleon, and to judge by his
+writings, a benevolent man. On visiting him at Paris, we put into our
+pocket a little work of our leisure, containing upwards of 6,000
+quotations on almost every subject. The Abbé, who understands English
+well, was delighted with the variety, and on calling again in a few days,
+we found the venerable patriot had been searching for all the passages on
+_liberty_, which he had distinguished by registers: what an evidence is
+this of his ruling passion. At the time we did not recollect that to M.
+Gregoire is attributed the republican sentiment "the reign of Kings is the
+martyrology of nations:" his conversation proved him an enthusiast, but we
+think this liberty rather too strong.
+
+PHILO.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+REVENGE.
+
+
+          'Twas lordly hate that rul'd
+  Indomitable. 'Twas a thirst that naught
+  But blood of him who broke this aching heart
+  Could quench.'--therefore I struck----.
+
+CYMBELINE
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE NATURALIST.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE FLYING DRAGON.
+
+
+[Illustration: The Flying Dragon.]
+
+
+This beautiful species of the lizard tribe was one of the wonders of our
+ancestors, who believed it to be a fierce animal with wings, and whose
+bite was mortal; whereas, it is perfectly harmless, and differs from other
+lizards merely in its being furnished with an expanding membrane or web,
+strengthened by a few radii, or small bones. It is about twelve inches in
+length, and is found in the East Indies and Africa (_Blumenbach_), where
+it flies through short distances, from tree to tree, and subsists on
+flies, ants, and other insects. It is covered with very small scales,
+and is generally of ash-colour, varied and clouded on the back, &c.
+with brown, black, and white. The head is of a very singular form, and
+furnished with a triple pouch, under and on each side the throat.
+
+Barbarous nations have many fabulous stories of this little animal. They
+say, for instance, that, although it usually lives in the water, it often
+bounds up from the surface, and alights on the branch of some adjacent
+tree, where it makes a noise resembling the laughter of a man.
+
+The curious reader who is anxious to see a specimen of the Flying Dragon,
+will be gratified with a young one, preserved in a case with two
+Cameleons, and exposed for sale in the window of a dealer in articles of
+_vertu_, in St. Martin's Court, Leicester Square.
+
+
+COCHINEAL TRANSPLANTED TO JAVA.
+
+The success with which the cultivation of the nopal and the breeding of
+the insect which produces cochineal has been practised at Cadiz, and
+thence at Malta, is well known. A French apothecary is said to have made
+the experiment in Corsica, but on a very confined scale; and the King of
+the Netherlands, on information that the Isle of Java was well adapted
+for the cultivation of this important article of merchandize, determined
+on attempting the transplantation into that colony. As the exportation
+of the trees and of the insect is prohibited by the laws of Spain, some
+management was requisite to acquire the means of forming this new
+establishment. The following were those resorted to:--His Majesty sent to
+Cadiz, and there maintained, for nearly two years, one of his subjects,
+a very intelligent person, who introduced himself, and by degrees got
+initiated into the _Garden of Acclimation_ of the Economic Society, where
+the breeding of this important insect is carried on. He so well, fulfilled
+his commission (for which the instructions, it is said, were drawn up
+by his royal master himself), that he succeeded in procuring about one
+thousand nopals, all young and vigorous, besides a considerable number of
+insects; and, moreover, carried on his plans so ably, as to persuade the
+principal gardener of the Garden of Acclimation to enter for six years
+into the service of the King of the Netherlands, and to go to Batavia.
+Between eight and ten thousand Spanish dollars are said to have been the
+lure held out to him to desert his post. In the service of the Society he
+gained three shillings a day, paid in Spanish fashion, that is, half, at
+least, in arrear. A vessel of war was sent to bring away the precious
+cargo, which, being furtively and safely shipped, the gardener and the
+insects were on their voyage to Batavia before the least suspicion of
+what was going on was entertained by the Society.--_From the French_.
+
+
+BEES' NESTS.
+
+A French journal says, in the woods of Brazil is frequently found hanging
+from the branches the nest of a species of bee, formed of clay, and about
+two feet in diameter. It is more probable that these nests belong to some
+species of wasp, many of which construct hanging nests. One sort of these
+is very common in the northern parts of Britain, though it is not often
+found south of Yorkshire.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ASSASSINATION OF MAJOR LAING.
+
+
+The _Literary Gazette_ of Saturday last contains the following very
+interesting intelligence respecting the assassination of Major Laing, and
+the existence of his Journal;--"In giving this tragical and disgraceful
+story to the British public, (says the Editor), we may notice that the
+individual who figures so suspiciously in it, viz. Hassouna d'Ghies, must
+be well remembered a few years ago in London society. We were acquainted
+with him during his residence here, and often met him, both at public
+entertainments and at private parties, where his Turkish dress made him
+conspicuous. He was an intelligent man, and addicted to literary pursuits;
+in manners more polished than almost any of his countrymen whom we ever
+knew, and apparently of a gentler disposition than the accusation of
+having instigated this infamous murder would fix upon him."
+
+The account then proceeds with the following translation from a
+_Marseilles Journal_:--
+
+It was about three years ago, that Major Laing, son-in-law of Colonel
+Hammer Warrington, consul-general of England in Tripoli, quitted that
+city, where he left his young wife, and penetrated into the mysterious
+continent of Africa, the grave of so many illustrious travellers. After
+having crossed the chain of Mount Atlas, the country of Fezzan, the
+desert of Lempta, the Sahara, and the kingdom of Ahades, he arrived at
+the city of Timbuctoo, the discovery of which has been so long desired
+by the learned world. Major Laing, by entering Timbuctoo, had gained the
+reward of 3,000_l_. sterling, which a learned and generous society in
+London had promised to the intrepid adventurer who should first visit
+the great African city, situated between the Nile of the Negroes and the
+river Gambaron. But Major Laing attached much less value to the gaining
+of the reward than to the fame acquired after so many fatigues and
+dangers. He had collected on his journey valuable information in all
+branches of science: having fixed his abode at Timbuctoo, he had
+composed the journal of his travels, and was preparing to return to
+Tripoli, when he was attacked by Africans, who undoubtedly were watching
+for him in the desert. Laing, who had but a weak escort, defended
+himself with heroic courage: he had at heart the preservation of his
+labours and his glory. But in this engagement he lost his right hand,
+which was struck off by the blow of a yatagan. It is impossible to
+help being moved with pity at the idea of the unfortunate traveller,
+stretched upon the sand, writing painfully with his left hand to his
+young wife, the mournful account of the combat. Nothing can be so
+affecting as this letter, written in stiff characters, by unsteady
+fingers, and all soiled with dust and blood. This misfortune was only
+the prelude to one far greater. Not long afterwards, some people of
+Ghadames, who had formed part of the Major's escort, arrived at Tripoli,
+and informed Colonel Warrington that his relation had been assassinated
+in the desert. Colonel Warrington could not confine himself to giving
+barren tears to the memory of his son-in-law. The interest of his glory,
+the honour of England, the affection of a father--all made it his duty
+to seek after the authors of the murder, and endeavour to discover what
+had become of the papers of the victim. An uncertain report was soon
+spread that the papers of Major Laing had been brought to Tripoli
+by people of Ghadames; and that a Turk, named Hassouna Dghies, had
+mysteriously received them. This is the same Dghies whom we have seen at
+Marseilles, displaying so much luxury and folly, offering to the ladies
+his perfumes and his shawls-- a sort of travelling Usbeck, without his
+philosophy and his wit. From Marseilles he went to London, overwhelmed
+with debts, projecting new ones, and always accompanied by women
+and creditors. Colonel Warrington was long engaged in persevering
+researches, and at length succeeded in finding a clue to this horrible
+mystery. The Pasha, at his request, ordered the people who had made part
+of the Major's escort to be brought from Ghadames. The truth was at
+length on the point of being known; but this truth was too formidable
+to Hassouna Dghies for him to dare to await it, and he therefore took
+refuge in the abode of Mr. Coxe, the consul of the United States. The
+Pasha sent word to Mr. Coxe, that he recognised the inviolability of the
+asylum granted to Hassouna; but that the evidence of the latter being
+necessary in the prosecution of the proceedings relative to the
+assassination of Major Laing, he begged him not to favour his flight.
+Colonel Warrington wrote to his colleague to the same effect. However,
+Hassouna Dghies left Tripoli on the 9th of August, in the night, in the
+disguise, it is said, of an American officer, and took refuge on board
+the United States corvette _Fairfield_, Captain Parker, which was then
+at anchor in the roads of Tripoli. Doubtless, Captain Parker was
+deceived with respect to Hassouna, otherwise the noble flag of the
+United States would not have covered with its protection a man accused
+of being an accomplice in an assassination.
+
+It is fully believed that this escape was ardently solicited by a French
+agent. It is even said, that the proposal was first made to the captain
+of one of our (French) ships, but that he nobly replied, that one of the
+king's officers could not favour a suspicious flight--that he would not
+receive Hassouna on board his ship, except by virtue of a written order,
+and, at all events in open day, and without disguise.
+
+The _Fairfield_ weighed anchor on the 10th of August, in the morning.
+
+The Pasha, enraged at this escape of Hassouna, summoned to his palace
+Mohamed Dghies, brother of the fugitive, and there, in the presence of
+his principal officers, commanded him, with a stern voice, to declare the
+truth. Mohamed fell at his master's feet, and declared upon oath, and in
+writing, that his brother Hassouna had had Major Laing's papers in his
+possession, but that he had delivered them up to a person, for a deduction
+of forty per cent. on the debts which he had contracted in France, and the
+recovery of which this person was endeavouring to obtain by legal
+proceedings.
+
+The declaration of Mohamed extends to three pages, containing valuable
+and very numerous details respecting the delivery of the papers of the
+unfortunate Major, and all the circumstances of this strange transaction.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The shape and size of the Major's papers are indicated with the most
+minute exactness; it is stated that these papers were taken from him
+near Timbuctoo, and subsequently delivered to the person abovementioned
+_entire, and without breaking the seals of red wax_--a circumstance which
+would demonstrate the participation of Hassouna in the assassination; for
+how can it be supposed otherwise, that the wretches who murdered the Major
+would have brought these packages to such a distance without having been
+tempted by cupidity, or even the curiosity so natural to savages, to break
+open their frail covers?
+
+Mohamed, however, after he had left the palace, fearing that the Pasha in
+his anger would make him answerable for his brother's crime, according to
+the usual mode of doing justice at Tripoli, hastened to seek refuge in the
+house of the person of whom we have spoken, and to implore his protection.
+Soon afterwards the consul-general of the Netherlands, accompanied by his
+colleagues the consuls-general of Sweden, Denmark, and Sardinia, proceeded
+to the residence of the person pointed out as the receiver, and in the
+name of Colonel Warrington, and by virtue of the declaration of Mohamed,
+called upon him instantly to restore Major Laing's papers. He answered
+haughtily, that this declaration was only a tissue of calumnies; and
+Mohamed, on his side, trusting, doubtless, in a pretended inviolability,
+yielding, perhaps, to fallacious promises, retracted his declaration,
+completely disowned it, and even went so far as to deny his own
+hand-writing.
+
+This recantation deceived nobody; the Pasha, in a transport of rage, sent
+to Mohamed his own son, Sidi Ali; this time influence was of no avail.
+Mohamed, threatened with being seized by the _chiaoux_, retracted his
+retractation; and in a new declaration, in the presence of all the
+consuls, confirmed that which he made in the morning before the Pasha and
+his officers.
+
+One consolatory fact results from these afflicting details: the papers of
+Major Laing exist, and the learned world will rejoice at the intelligence;
+but in the name of humanity, in the name of science, in the name of the
+national honour--compromised, perhaps, by disgraceful or criminal
+bargains--it must be hoped that justice may fall upon the guilty, whoever
+he may be.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A COFFEE-ROOM CHARACTER.
+
+
+It was about the year 1805 that we were first ushered into the
+dining-house called the Cheshire Cheese, in Wine-office-court. It is known
+that Johnson once lodged in this court, and bought an enormous cudgel
+while there, to resist a threatened attack from Macpherson, the author, or
+editor, of _Ossian's Poems_. At the time we first knew the place (for its
+visiters and keepers are long since changed for the third or fourth time,)
+many came there who remembered Johnson and Goldsmith spending their
+evenings in the coffee-room; old half-pay officers, staid tradesmen of the
+neighbourhood, and the like, formed the principal portion of the company.
+
+Few in this vast city know the alley in Fleet-street which leads to the
+sawdusted floor and shining tables; those tables of mahogany, parted by
+green-curtained seats, and bound with copper rims to turn the edge of the
+knife which might perchance assail them during a warm debate; John Bull
+having a propensity to commit such mutilations in the "torrent, tempest,
+and whirlwind" of argument. Thousands have never seen the homely clock
+that ticks over the chimney, nor the capacious, hospitable-looking
+fire-place under,[3] both as they stood half a century ago, when
+Fleet-street was the emporium of literary talent, and every coffee-house
+was distinguished by some character of note who was regarded as the oracle
+of the company.
+
+
+    [3] We may add that still fewer have seen the characteristic
+        whole-length portrait of "_Harry_," _the waiter_, which has
+        been placed over the fireplace, by subscription among the
+        frequenters of the room. _Wageman_ is the painter, and nothing
+        can describe the _bonhommie_ of Harry, who has just drawn the
+        cork of a pint of port, exulting in all the vainglory of crust
+        and bees' wing.--ED. MIRROR.
+
+
+Among these was old Colonel L----e, in person short and thick-set. He
+often sacrificed copiously to the jolly god, in his box behind the door;
+he was a great smoker, and had numbered between seventy and eighty years.
+Early in the evening he was punctually at his post; he called, for his
+pipe and his "go of rack," according to his diurnal custom; and surveying
+first the persons at his own table, and then those in other parts of
+the room, he commonly sat a few minutes in silence, as if waiting the
+stimulating effect of the tobacco to wind up his conversational powers,
+or perhaps he was bringing out defined images from the dim reminiscences
+which floated in his sensorium. If a stranger were near, he commonly
+addressed him with an old soldier's freedom, on some familiar topic which
+little needed the formalities of a set introduction; but soon changed the
+subject, and commenced fighting "his battles o'er again." He talked much
+of Minden, and the campaigns of 1758 and 59. He boasted of having carried
+the colours of the 20th regiment, that bore the brunt of the day there,
+and mainly contributed to obtain a "glorious victory," as Southey, in his
+days of uncourtliness, called that of Blenheim. But though thus fond of
+showing "how fields were won," he was equally delighted with recounting
+his acquaintance with more peaceful subjects. He had known Johnson and
+Goldsmith, together with the list of worthies who honoured Fleet-street by
+making it their abode between thirty and forty years before, and were at
+that time visitants of the house. "At this very table," said he, speaking
+of that which is situated on the right-hand behind the door, "Johnson used
+always to sit when he came here, and Goldsmith also. I knew them well.
+Johnson overawed us all, and every one became silent when he spoke." The
+colonel observed of Goldsmith, "That no one would have thought much of him
+from his company, though he had a great name in the world."
+
+The colonel also knew something of Churchill, described him as by no means
+prepossessing in person, and one of the last who could have been supposed
+capable of writing as he wrote. The colonel, in his old age, imagined he
+too had a taste for poetry, and boasted of Goldsmith's having asserted
+(perhaps jokingly) that he possessed a talent for writing verse. This idea
+working in his mind for years, had induced him to print, in his old age,
+what he called, to the best of my recollection, "A Continuation of the
+Deserted Village." He always brought a copy with him of an evening, and
+was fond of referring to it, and passing it round for the company to look
+at--a weakness pardonable in a garrulous old man. On revisiting the house,
+for old acquaintance sake, after an absence of some years from London, I
+missed him from his accustomed place, which I observed to be occupied by a
+stranger. On inquiry, I found that he was departed to where human vanity
+and human wisdom are upon a level, and where man is alike deaf to the
+voice of literary and military ambition.--_New Monthly Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE ANNUALS FOR 1830.
+
+
+We feel it a duty to the proprietors of these elegant works, as well as to
+our readers, to give the following _annonces_ of the several volumes for
+1830:--
+
+The _Keepsake_ is very forward. Among the contributors are Sir Walter
+Scott, Lord Byron, and the author of "Anastasius." Sir Walter's
+contribution is a dramatic romance, in imitation of the German; and Lord
+Byron's are ten letters written by him between 1821, and the time of his
+lordship's death.
+
+The _Forget-Me-Not_ will contain a very gem--being the first known attempt
+at poetry, by Lord Byron, copied from the autograph of the noble poet, and
+certified by the lady to whom it was addressed--the object of his
+lordship's first, if not his only real attachment.
+
+Mr. Ackermann has likewise announced a _Juvenile_ Forget-Me-Not, so as to
+remember all growths.
+
+The _Literary Souvenir_ is in a state of great forwardness. Among the
+contributors are the authors of "Kuzzil-bash;" "Constantinople in 1828;"
+"The Sorrows of Rosalie;" and "Rouge et Noir." The pencils of Sir Thomas
+Lawrence, Howard, Collins, Chalon, Harlowe, and Martin, have furnished
+subjects for the illustrations.
+
+The _Amulet_, among its illustrations will contain an engraving from
+Mulready's picture of an English Cottage; another from Wilkie's "Dorty
+Bairn;" and another from a drawing by Martin, engraved by Le Keux, for
+which he is said to have received one hundred and eighty guineas. Mr.
+Hall, the editor, has likewise been equally fortunate in an accession of
+literary talent.
+
+The _Juvenile_ Forget-Me-Not, under the superintendence of Mrs. S.C. Hall,
+also promises unusual attractions, both in picture and print.
+
+The _Juvenile Keepsake_, edited by Mr. T. Roscoe, is said to be completed.
+
+Another Juvenile Annual, to be called the _Zoological Keepsake_, is
+announced, with a host of cuts to enliven the "birds, beasts, and fishes"
+of the smaller growth.
+
+The _Gem_ will re-appear as the _Annual Gem_, with thirteen
+embellishments, superintended by A. Cooper, R. A.
+
+The _Bijou_ promises well. The embellishments are of the first order,
+from pictures by Sir Thomas Lawrence, Stothard, Wilkie, and the lamented
+Bonington. Among the gems are a splendid portrait of _the King_, from the
+president's picture, in the possession of Sir William Knighton, Bart.; and
+a portrait of the beautiful Mrs. Arbuthnot.
+
+The _Winter's Wreath _will bloom with more than its accustomed beauty.
+Among the contributors we notice, for the first time, the author of "Rank
+and Talent."
+
+_Religious Annuals_ are on the increase. One of the novelties of this
+class is "_Emmanuel_," to be edited by the author of "Clouds and
+Sunshine," of the excellence of which we have many grateful recollections.
+The _Iris_, to be edited by the Rev. Thomas Dale, is another novelty in
+this way.
+
+The _Musical Bijou_ has among its composers, Rossini, Bishop,
+Kalk-brenner, Rodwell, J. Barnet, and others. The lyrists and prose
+writers are Sir Walter Scott, T.H. Bayley, the Ettrick Shepherd, Messrs.
+Planche, Richard Ryan, &c.
+
+One of the most splendid designs of the season is a "_Landscape Annual,
+or the Tourist in Italy and Switzerland_," from drawings by Prout; the
+literary department by T. Roscoe, Esq. and to contain the most attractive
+views which occur to the traveller on his route from Geneva to Rome. Some
+of the plates are described as extremely brilliant.
+
+Two _Transatlantic Annuals_, the _Atlantic Souvenir_, published at
+Philadelphia, and the _Token_, published at Boston--may be expected in
+London.
+
+The foregoing are all the announcements we have been able to collect. We
+miss two or three established favourites; but we hope to make their
+promises the subject of a future paragraph.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE GOOSE.
+
+
+In England the goose is sacred to St. Michael; in Scotland, where dainties
+were not going every day,
+
+
+  "'Twas Christmas sent its savoury goose."
+
+
+The Michaelmas goose is said to owe its origin to Queen Elizabeth's dining
+on one at the table of an English baronet on that day when she received
+tidings of the dispersion of the Spanish Armada, in commemoration of which
+she ordered the _goose_ to make its appearance every Michaelmas. In some
+places, particularly Caithness, geese are cured and smoked, and are highly
+relishing. Smoked Solan geese are well known as contributing to the
+abundance of a Scottish breakfast, though too rank and fishy-flavoured for
+unpractised palates. The goose has made some figure in English history.
+The churlishness of the brave Richard Coeur de Lion, a sovereign
+distinguished for an insatiable appetite and vigorous digestion, in an
+affair of roast goose, was the true cause of his captivity in Germany. The
+king, disguised as a palmer, was returning to his own dominions, attended
+by Sir Fulk Doyley and Sir Thomas de Multon, "brothers in arms," and
+wearing the same privileged garb. They arrived in Almain, (Germany,) at
+the town of Carpentras, where,
+
+
+  "A _goose_ they dight to their dinner.
+  In a tavern where they were.
+  King Richard the fire bet,
+  Thomas to him the spit set;
+  Fouk Doyley tempered the wood;
+  Dear a-bought they that good;"
+
+
+for in came a _Minstralle_, or she-Minstrel, with offer of specimens of
+her art in return for a leg of the goose and a cup of the wine. Richard,
+who loved "rich meats," and cared little at this time for their usual
+accompaniment, "minstrelsy,"--
+
+
+  "--bade that she would go;
+  That turned him to mickle woe.
+  The Minstralle took in mind,
+  And said, ye are men unkind:
+  And if I may ye shall _for-think_
+  Ye gave me neither meat nor drink!"
+
+
+The lady, who was English, recognised the king, and denounced him to the
+king of Germany, who ordered the pilgrims into his presence, insulted
+Richard, "said him shame," called him _taylard_, probably for his
+affection for goose, and finally ordered him to a dungeon. But Richard,
+a true knightly eater, who, besides roast goose, liked to indulge in
+
+
+          "Bread and wine,
+  Piment and clarry good and fine;
+  Cranes and swans, and venison;
+  Partridges, plovers, and heron,--
+
+
+was neither dainty nor over-nice. At a pinch he could eat any thing, which
+on sundry emergencies stood him in great stead. _Wax_ and _nuts_, and
+tallow and grease mixed, carried him through one campaign, when the enemy
+thought to have starved out the English army and its cormorant commander.
+The courage and strength of Richard were always redoubled after dinner. It
+was then his greatest feats were performed.--_Romance of Coeur de Lion_.
+
+The livers of geese and poultry are esteemed a great delicacy by some
+_gourmands_; and on the continent great pains are taken to procure fat
+overgrown livers. The methods employed to produce this diseased state of
+the animals are as disgusting to rational taste as revolting to humanity.
+The geese are crammed with fat food, deprived of drink, kept in an
+intolerably hot atmosphere, and fastened by the feet (we have heard of
+nailing) to the shelves of the fattening cribs. The celebrated _Strasburg
+pies_, which are esteemed so great a delicacy that they are often sent as
+presents to distant places, are enriched with these diseased livers. It is
+a mistake that these pies are wholly made of this artificial animal
+substance.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TURKEY
+
+
+Colonel Rottiers, a recent traveller in Turkey, holds out the following
+temptation to European enterprise:--
+
+The terrestrial paradise, which is supposed to be situated in Armenia,
+appeared to M. Rottiers to stretch along the shores of the Black Sea. The
+green banks, sloping into the water, are sometimes decked with box-trees
+of uncommon size, sometimes clothed with natural orchards, in which
+the cherries, pears, pomegranates, and other fruits, growing in their
+indigenous soil, possess a flavour indescribably exquisite. The bold
+eminences are crowned with superb forests or majestic ruins, which
+alternately rule the scenes of this devoted country, from the water's
+edge to the summit of the mountains. The moral and political condition
+of the country contrasts forcibly with the flourishing aspect of nature.
+At Sinope there is no commerce, and the Greeks having, in consequence,
+deserted the place, the population is at present below 5,000. This city,
+once the capital of the great Mithridates, enjoys natural advantages,
+which, but for the barbarism of the Turkish government, would soon raise
+it into commercial eminence. It has a deep and capacious harbour--the
+finest timber in the world grows in its vicinity--and the district of the
+interior, with which it immediately communicates, is one of the most
+productive and industrious in Asiatic Turkey. Amasia, the ancient capital
+of Cappadocia, Tokat, and Costambol, are rich and populous towns. Near the
+last is held an annual fair, commencing fifteen days before the feast of
+Ramadan, and which is said to be attended by at least fifty thousand
+merchants, from all parts of the east. From the nature of the country in
+which it is situated, M. Rottiers is disposed to believe that Sinope holds
+out peculiarly strong inducements to European enterprise. He also had an
+opportunity of observing, that its defences were gone totally to ruin, and
+significantly remarks, that it could not possibly withstand a _coup de
+main_. Amastra, a great and wealthy city while possessed by the Genoese
+in the middle ages, is now a wretched village, occupied by a few Turkish
+families, whose whole industry consists in making a few toys and articles
+of wooden ware. It stands on a peninsula, which appears to have been
+formerly an island, and the Isthmus uniting it to the mainland is wholly
+composed, according to the account of Mr. Eton, who surveyed part of this
+coast, of fragments of columns and marble friezes.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GEORGIAN WINE.
+
+
+The chief production of Georgia is wine, which is of excellent quality,
+and so abundant in the countries situated between the Caspian and the
+Black Seas, that it would soon become a most important object of
+exportation, if the people could be induced to improve their methods of
+making and preserving it. At present the grapes are gathered and pressed
+without any care, and the process of fermentation is so unskilfully
+managed, that the wine rarely keeps till the following vintage. The skins
+of animals are the vessels in which it is kept. The hair is turned
+inwards, and the interior of the bag is thickly besmeared with asphaltum
+or mineral tar, which renders the vessel indeed perfectly sound, but
+imparts an abominable flavour to the wine, and even adds to its acescence.
+The Georgians have not yet learned to keep their wine in casks, without
+which it is vain to look for any improvements in its manufacture. Yet the
+mountains abound in the requisite materials, and only a few coopers are
+requisite to make the commencement. The consumption of wine in Georgia,
+and above all at Tiflis, is prodigiously great. From the prince to the
+peasant the ordinary ration of a Georgian, if we may believe M. Gamba,
+is one _tonque_, (equal to five bottles and a half of Bordeaux) per day.
+A _tonque_ of the best wine, such as is drunk by persons of rank, costs
+about twenty sous; the inferior wines are sold for less than a sous per
+bottle.--_Foreign Quar. Rev_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HISTORICAL FIDELITY.
+
+
+The court historiographer of the Burmese, has recorded in the national
+chronicle his account of the war with the English to the following purport:
+--"In the years 1186 and 87, the Kula-pyu, or white strangers of the west,
+fastened a quarrel upon the Lord of the Golden Palace. They landed at
+Rangoon, took that place and Prome, and were permitted to advance as far
+as Yandabo; for the king, from motives of piety and regard to life, made
+no effort whatever to oppose them. The strangers had spent vast sums of
+money in their enterprise; and by the time they reached Yandabo, their
+resources were exhausted, and they were in great distress. They petitioned
+the king, who, in his clemency and generosity, sent them large sums of
+money to pay their expenses back, and ordered them out of the country."--
+_Crawfurd's Embassy to Ava._
+
+To quote a vulgar proverb, this is making the best of a bad job.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DRESS.
+
+
+How far a man's clothes are or are not a part of himself, is more than I
+would take on myself to decide, without farther inquiry; though I lean
+altogether to the affirmative. The inhabitants of the South Sea Islands
+were astonished and alarmed when they, first saw the Europeans strip.
+Yet they would have been much more so, could they have entered into the
+notions prevalent in the civilized world on the subject of a wardrobe;
+could they have understood how much virtue lies inherent in a superfine
+broad cloth, how much respectability in a gilt button, how much sense in
+the tie of a cravat, how much amiability in the cut of a sleeve, how much
+merit of every sort in a Stultz and a Hoby. There are who pretend, and
+that with some plausibilty, that these things are but typical; that taste
+in dress is but the outward and visible sign of the frequentation of good
+company; and that propriety of exterior is but evidence of a general sense
+of the fitness of things. Yet if this were really the case, if there were
+nothing intrinsic in the relation of the clothes to the wearer, how could
+a good coat at once render a pickpocket respectable; or a clean shirt pass
+current, as it does, with police magistrates for a clean conscience. In
+England, a handsome _toggery_ is a better defensive armour, than "helm and
+hauberk's twisted mail." While the seams are perfect, and the elbows do
+not appear through the cloth, the law cannot penetrate it. A gentleman,
+(that is to say, a man who can pay his tailor's bill,) is above suspicion;
+and benefit of clergy is nothing to the privilege and virtue of a handsome
+exterior. That the skin is nearer than the shirt, is a most false and
+mistaken idea. The smoothest skin in Christendom would not weigh with a
+jury like a cambric ruffle; and moreover, there is not a poor devil in
+town striving to keep up appearances in spite of fortune, who would not
+far rather tear his flesh than his unmentionables; which can only arise
+from their being so much more important a part of himself.--_New Monthly
+Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The French have a kind of irritable jealousy towards the English, which
+makes them forget their general politeness. Give them but a civil word,
+make the least advance, and they receive you with open arms; but show them
+that cold reserve with which an Englishman generally treats all strangers,
+and every Frenchman's hand is on his sword.--_New Monthly Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+
+  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+JACK SHEPPARD.
+
+
+When this notorious felon was under sentence of death, the Right Hon.
+Charles Wolfran Cornwall, then Speaker of the House of Commons, was
+strongly solicited to apply to his majesty for a pardon, as he was related
+to him. "No," said Mr. Cornwall, "I should deserve public censure if I
+attempted to contribute to the prolongation of the life of a man who has
+so frequently been a nuisance to society, and has given so many proofs
+that kindness to him would be cruelty to others. Were my own son to offend
+one-tenth part so often as he has done, I should think it my duty rather
+to solicit his punishment than his pardon."
+
+C.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EPITAPH
+
+
+_On S---- E----, an intelligent and amiable boy, who was unfortunately
+drowned while bathing_.
+
+Though gentle as a dove, his soul sublime,
+For heav'n impatient, would not wait for time;
+Ere youth had bloom'd his virtues ripe were seen,
+A man in intellect! a child in mien!
+A hallow'd wave from mercy's fount was pour'd,
+And, wash'd from clay, to bliss his spirit soar'd.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A HOLY HERMIT.
+
+
+A hermit, named Parnhe, being upon the road to meet his bishop who had
+sent for him, met a lady most magnificently dressed, whose incomparable
+beauty drew the eyes of every body on her. The saint having looked at her,
+and being himself struck with astonishment, immediately burst into tears.
+Those who were with him wondering to see him weep, demanded the cause of
+his grief. "I have two reasons," replied he, "for my tears; I weep to
+think how fatal an impression that woman makes on all who behold her; and
+I am touched with sorrow when I reflect that I, for my salvation, and to
+please God, have never taken one-tenth part of the pains which this woman
+has taken to please men alone."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BUNGLING TRANSLATION.
+
+
+At a country village in Yorkshire, was an old established cobbler, who
+cracked his joke, loved his pipe and lived happy. In short, he was a sober
+and industrious man. His quiet, however, was disturbed by an unexpected
+opposition in his trade, at the same village, and to add to his
+misfortune, the new comer established himself directly opposite to the old
+cobbler's stall, and at the same time to show his learning and probity,
+painted in large letters over his door, "_Mens conscia recti_." To
+conceive the meaning of this, the poor cobbler laboured night and day, but
+unsuccessfully; he at last determined that this "_consciarecti_" was a new
+sort of shoe made for men's use; he therefore painted over his door,
+"_Men's and Women's consciarecti_," where it remains still.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A schoolboy reading Cassar's "Commentaries" came to translate the
+following passage thus: "Caesar venit in Gallia summa diligentia."
+"Caesar came into Gaul on the top of the Diligence."
+
+O.O.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+VERY BAD.
+
+
+A wag, who "will be the death of us," says he bought a cake the other
+evening:--"It is _thundering_ weight," observed the baker: "I hope it will
+not _lighten_ before I get it home," was the equivocal reply.
+
+Q.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPROMPTU
+
+
+On hearing a _Watchman_ cry the hour on Tuesday morning, September 29, the
+last of his duty.
+
+  "Farewell! mine occupation's gone,"
+    He sung in "half-past five;"
+  Here ends his call, his beat is done,
+    How then can he survive.
+
+TOM.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+_LIMBIRD'S EDITIONS_.
+
+
+CHEAP and POPULAR WORKS published at the MIRROR OFFICE in the Strand,
+near Somerset House.
+
+The ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS, Embellished with nearly 150
+Engravings. In 6 Parts, 1s. each.
+
+The TALES of the GENII. 4 Parts, 6d. each.
+
+The MICROCOSM. By the Right Hon. G. CANNING. &c. 4 Parts, 6d. each.
+
+PLUTARCH'S LIVES, with Fifty Portraits, 12 Parts, 1s. each.
+
+COWPER'S POEMS, with 12 Engravings, 12 Numbers, 3d. each.
+
+COOK'S VOYAGES, 28 Numbers, 3d. each.
+
+The CABINET of CURIOSITIES: or, WONDERS of the WORLD DISPLAYED. 27 Nos.
+2d. each.
+
+BEAUTIES of SCOTT, 36 Numbers, 3d. each.
+
+The ARCANA of SCIENCE for 1828. Price 4s. 6d.
+
+GOLDSMITH'S ESSAYS. Price 8d.
+
+DR. FRANKLIN'S ESSAYS. Price 1s. 2d.
+
+BACON'S ESSAYS Price 8d.
+
+SALMAGUNDI. Price 1s. 8d.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11456 ***
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+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
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+
+  <title>The Mirror of Literature, Issue 392.</title>
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+<body>
+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11456 ***</div>
+
+  <hr class="full" />
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page209" name="page209"></a>[pg
+  209]</span>
+
+  <h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+  OF<br />
+  LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <table width="100%" summary="Banner">
+    <tr>
+      <td align="left"><b>VOL. XIV, NO. 392.]</b></td>
+
+      <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1829.</b></td>
+
+      <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <h2>The Duke's Theatre, Dorset Gardens.</h2>
+
+  <div class="figure" style="width: 100%;">
+    <a href="images/392-1.png"><img width="100%" src=
+    "images/392-1.png" alt=
+    "The Duke's theatre, Dorset Gardens." /></a>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The above theatre was erected in the year 1671, about a
+  century after the regular establishment of theatres in England.
+  It rose in what may be called the brazen age of the Drama, when
+  the prosecutions of the Puritans had just ceased, and legitimacy
+  and licentiousness danced into the theatre hand in hand. At the
+  Restoration, the few players who had not fallen in the wars or
+  died of poverty, assembled under the banner of Sir William
+  Davenant, at the Red Bull Theatre. Rhodes, a bookseller, at the
+  same time, fitted up the Cockpit in Drury Lane, where he formed a
+  company of entirely new performers. This was in 1659, when
+  Rhodes's two apprentices, Betterton and Kynaston, were the stars.
+  These companies afterwards united, and were called the Duke's
+  Company. About the same time, Killigrew, that eternal caterer for
+  good things, collected together a few of the old actors who were
+  honoured with the title of the "King's Company," or "His
+  Majesty's Servants," which distinction is preserved by the Drury
+  Lane Company, to the present day, and is inherited from
+  Killigrew, who built and opened the first theatre in Drury Lane,
+  in 1663. In 1662, Sir William Davenant obtained a patent for
+  building "the Duke's Theatre," in Little Lincoln's Inn Fields,
+  which he opened with the play of "the Siege of Rhodes," written
+  by himself. The above company performed here till 1671, when
+  another "Duke's Theatre." was built in Dorset Gardens,<a id=
+  "footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href=
+  "#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> by Sir Christopher Wren, in a
+  similar style of architecture to that in Lincoln's Inn Fields.
+  The company removed thither, November 9, in the same year, and
+  continued performing till the union of the Duke and the King's
+  Companies, in 1682; and performances were continued occasionally
+  here until 1697. The building was demolished about April, 1709,
+  and the site is now occupied by the works of a Gas Light
+  Company.</p>
+
+  <p>The Duke's Theatre, as the engraving shows, had a handsome
+  front towards the river, with a landing-place for visiters by
+  water, a fashion which prevailed in the early age of the Drama,
+  if we may credit the assertion of Taylor, the water poet, that
+  about the year <span class="pagenum"><a id="page210" name=
+  "page210"></a>[pg 210]</span> 1596, the number of watermen
+  maintained by conveying persons to the theatres on the banks of
+  the Thames, was not less than 40,000, showing a love of the drama
+  at that early period which is very extraordinary.<a id=
+  "footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href=
+  "#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> All we have left of this aquatic
+  rage is a solitary boat now and then skimming and scraping to
+  Vauxhall Gardens.</p>
+
+  <p>The upper part of the front will be admired for its
+  characteristic taste; as the figures of Comedy and Tragedy
+  surmounting the balustrade, the emblematic flame, and the
+  wreathed arms of the founder.</p>
+
+  <p>Operas were first introduced on the English stage, at Dorset
+  Gardens, in 1673, with "expensive scenery;" and in Lord Orrery's
+  play of Henry V., performed here in the year previous, the
+  actors, Harris, Betterton, and Smith, wore the coronation suits
+  of the Duke of York, King Charles, and Lord Oxford.</p>
+
+  <p>The names of Betterton and Kynaston bespeak the importance of
+  the Duke's Theatre. Cibber calls Betterton "an actor, as
+  Shakspeare was an author, both without competitors;" in his
+  performance of <i>Hamlet</i>, he profited by the instructions of
+  Sir William Davenant, who embodied his recollections of Joseph
+  Taylor, instructed by SHAKSPEARE to play the character! What a
+  delightful association&mdash;to see Hamlet represented in the
+  true vein in which the sublime author conceived it! Kynaston's
+  celebrity was of a more equivocal description. He played
+  <i>Juliet</i> to Betterton's <i>Romeo</i>, and was the Siddons of
+  his day; for women did not generally appear on the stage till
+  after the Restoration. The anecdote of Charles II. waiting at the
+  theatre for the stage <i>queen</i> to be <i>shaved</i> is well
+  known.</p>
+
+  <p>Pepys speaks of Harris, in his interesting <i>Diary</i> as
+  "growing very proud, and demanding 20<i>l</i>. for himself
+  extraordinary more than Betterton, or any body else, upon every
+  new play, and 10<i>l</i>. upon every revive; which, with other
+  things, Sir William Davenant would not give him, and so he swore
+  he would never act there more, in expectation of his being
+  received in the other house;" (this was in 1663, at the Duke's
+  Theatre in Lincoln's Inn Fields.) "He tells me that the fellow
+  grew very proud of late, the King and every body else crying him
+  up so high," &amp;c. Poor Sir William, he must have been as much
+  worried and vexed as Mr. Ebers with the Operatics, or any Covent
+  Garden manager, in our time; whose days and nights are not very
+  serene, although passed among the <i>stars</i>,</p>
+
+  <p>In one of Pepys's notices of Hart, he tells us "It pleased us
+  mightily to see the natural affection of a poor woman, the mother
+  of one of the children brought upon the stage; the child crying,
+  she, by force, got upon the stage, and took up her child, and
+  carried it away off the stage from Hart." This pleasant playgoer
+  likewise says, in 1667-8, "when I began first to be able to
+  bestow a play on myself, I do not remember that I saw so many by
+  half of the ordinary prentices and mean people in the pit at
+  2<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. a-piece as now; I going for several years
+  no higher than the 12<i>d</i>. and then the 18<i>d</i>. places,
+  though I strained hard to go in then when I did; so much the
+  vanity and prodigality of the age is to be observed in this
+  particular."</p>
+
+  <p>It may be at this moment interesting to mention that the first
+  Covent Garden Theatre was opened under the patent granted to Sir
+  William Davenant for the Dorset Gardens and Lincoln's Inn Fields
+  Theatres. We must also acknowledge our obligation for the
+  preceding notes to the <i>Companion to the Theatres</i>, a pretty
+  little work which we noticed <i>en passant</i> when published,
+  and which we now seasonably recommend to the notice of our
+  readers.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>FOUR SONNETS.</h3>
+
+  <p>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</p>
+
+  <h3>SPRING.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Season of sighs perfumed, and maiden flowers,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Young Beauty's birthday, cradled in delight</p>
+
+      <p>And kept by muses in the blushing bowers</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Where snow-drops spring most delicately
+      white!</p>
+
+      <p>Oh it is luxury to minds that feel</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Now to prove truants to the giddy world,</p>
+
+      <p>Calmly to watch the dewy tints that steal</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">O'er opening roses&mdash;'till in smiles
+      unfurled</p>
+
+      <p>Their fresh-made petals silently unfold.</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Or mark the springing grass&mdash;or gaze
+      upon</p>
+
+      <p>Primeval morning till the hues of gold</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Blaze forth and centre in the glorious sun!</p>
+
+      <p>Whose gentler beams exhale the tears of night,</p>
+
+      <p>And bid each grateful tongue deep melodies indite.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <h3>SUMMER.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Now is thy fragrant garland made complete,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Maturing year! but as its many dyes</p>
+
+      <p>Mingle in rainbow hues divinely sweet,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">They fade and fleet in unobserved sighs!</p>
+
+      <p>Yet now all fresh and fair, how dear thou art,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Just born to breathe and perish! touched by
+      heaven,</p>
+
+      <p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page211" name=
+      "page211"></a>[pg 211]</span></p>
+
+      <p>From lifeless Winter to a beating heart,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">From scathing blasts to Summer's balmy
+      even!</p>
+
+      <p>Methinks some angel from the bowers of bliss,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">In May descended, scattering blossoms
+      round,</p>
+
+      <p>Embraced each opening flower, bestowed a kiss,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">And woke the notes of harmony profound;</p>
+
+      <p>But ere July had waned, alas, she fled,</p>
+
+      <p>Took back to heaven the flowers, and left the falling
+      leaves instead.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <h3>AUTUMN.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Field flowers and breathing minstrelsy, farewell!</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">The rose is colourless and withering fast,</p>
+
+      <p>Sweet Philomel her song forgets to swell,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">And Summer's rich variety is past!</p>
+
+      <p>The sear leaves wander, and the hoar of age</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Gathers her trophy for the dying year,</p>
+
+      <p>And following in her noiseless pilgrimage,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Waters her couch with many a pearly tear.</p>
+
+      <p>Yet there is one unchanging friend who stays</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">To cheer the passage into Winter's
+      gloom&mdash;</p>
+
+      <p>The redbreast chants his solitary lays,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">A simple requiem over Nature's tomb,</p>
+
+      <p>So, when the Spring of life shall end with me,</p>
+
+      <p>God of my Fathers! may I find a changeless Friend in
+      thee!</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <h3>WINTER.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>The trees are leafless, and the hollow blast</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Sings a shrill anthem to the bitter gloom,</p>
+
+      <p>The lately smiling pastures are a waste,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">While beauty generates in Nature's womb;</p>
+
+      <p>The frowning clouds are charged with fleecy snow,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">And storm and tempest bear a rival sway;</p>
+
+      <p>Soft gurgling rivulets have ceased to flow,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">And beauty's garlands wither in decay:</p>
+
+      <p>Yet look but heavenward! beautiful and young</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">In life and lustre see the stars of night</p>
+
+      <p>Untouch'd by time through ages roll along,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">And clear as when at first they burst to
+      light.</p>
+
+      <p>And then look from the stars where heaven appears</p>
+
+      <p>Clad in the fertile Spring of everlasting years!</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>BENJAMIN GOUGH.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>EXERCISE, AIR, AND SLEEP.</h3>
+
+  <center>
+    (<i>Abridged from Mr. Richards's "Treatise on Nervous
+    Disorders."</i>)
+  </center>
+
+  <p>The generality of people are well aware of the vast importance
+  of exercise; but few are acquainted with its <i>modus
+  operandi</i>, and few avail themselves so fully as they might of
+  its extensive benefits. The function of respiration, which endues
+  the blood with its vivifying principle, is very much influenced
+  by exercise; for our Omniscient Creator has given to our lungs
+  the same faculty of imbibing nutriment from various kinds of air,
+  as He has given to the stomach the power of extracting
+  nourishment from different kinds of aliment; and as the healthy
+  functions of the stomach depend upon the due performance of
+  certain chemical and mechanical actions, so do the functions of
+  the lungs depend upon the due performance of proper exercise.</p>
+
+  <p>Man being an animal destined for an active and useful life,
+  Providence has ordained that sloth shall bring with it its own
+  punishment. He who passes nearly the whole of his life in the
+  open air, inhaling a salubrious atmosphere, enjoys health and
+  vigour of body with tranquillity of mind, and dies at the utmost
+  limit allotted to mortality. He, on the contrary, who leads an
+  indolent or sedentary life, combining with it excessive mental
+  exertion, is a martyr to a train of nervous symptoms, which are
+  extremely annoying. Man was not created for a sedentary or
+  slothful life; but all his organs and attributes are calculated
+  for an existence of activity and industry. If therefore we would
+  insure health and comfort, we must make exercise&mdash;to use Dr.
+  Cheyne's expression&mdash;a part of our religion. But this
+  exercise should be <i>in the open air</i>, and in such places as
+  are most free from smoke, or any noxious exhalations; where, in
+  fact, the air circulates freely, purely, and abundantly. I am
+  continually told by persons that they take a great deal of
+  exercise, being constantly on their feet from morning till night;
+  but, upon inquiry, it happens, that this exercise is not in the
+  open air, but in a crowded apartment, perhaps, as in a public
+  office, a manufactory, or at a dress maker's, where twenty or
+  thirty young girls are crammed together from nine o'clock in the
+  morning till nine at night, or, what is nearly as pernicious, in
+  a house but thinly inhabited. Exercise this cannot be called; it
+  is the worst species of labour, entailing upon its victims
+  numerous evils. Good air is as essential as wholesome food; for
+  the air, by coming into immediate contact with the blood, enters
+  at once into the constitution. If therefore the air be bad, every
+  part of the body, whether near the heart or far from it, must
+  participate in the evil which is produced.</p>
+
+  <p>It is on this account that exercise <i>in the open air</i> is
+  so materially beneficial to digestion. If the blood be not
+  properly prepared by the action of good air, how can the arteries
+  of the stomach secrete good gastric juice? Then, we have a
+  mechanical effect besides. By exercise the circulation of the
+  blood is rendered more energetic and regular. Every artery,
+  muscle, and gland is excited into action, and the work of
+  existence goes on with spirit. The muscles press the
+  blood-vessels, and squeeze the glands, so that none of them can
+  be idle; so that, in short, every organ thus influenced must be
+  in action. The consequence of all this is, that every function is
+  well performed. The stomach <span class="pagenum"><a id="page212"
+  name="page212"></a>[pg 212]</span> digests readily, the liver
+  pours out its bile freely, the bowels act regularly, and much
+  superfluous heat is thrown out by perspiration. These are all
+  very important operations, and in proportion to the perfection
+  with which they are performed will be the health and comfort of
+  the individual.</p>
+
+  <p>There is another process accomplished by exercise, which more
+  immediately concerns the nervous system. "Many people," says Mr.
+  Abernethy, "who are extremely irritable and hypochondriacal, and
+  are constantly obliged to take medicines to regulate their bowels
+  while they live an inactive life, no longer suffer from nervous
+  irritation, or require aperient medicines when they use exercise
+  to a degree that would be excessive in ordinary constitutions."
+  This leads us to infer that the superfluous energy of the nerves
+  is exhausted by the exercise of the body, and that as the
+  abstraction of blood mitigates inflammations, in like manner does
+  the abstraction of nervous irritability restore tranquillity to
+  the system. This of course applies only to a state of high
+  nervous irritation; but exercise is equally beneficial when the
+  constitution is much weakened, by producing throughout the whole
+  frame that energetic action which has been already explained.</p>
+
+  <p>A debilitated frame ought never to take so much exercise as to
+  cause fatigue, neither ought exercise to be taken immediately
+  <i>before</i> nor immediately <i>after</i> a full meal. Mr.
+  Abernethy's prescription is a very good one&mdash;to rise early
+  and use active exercise <i>in the open air</i>, till a slight
+  degree of fatigue be felt; then to rest one hour, and breakfast.
+  After this rest three hours, "in order that the energies of the
+  constitution may be concentrated in the work of digestion;" then
+  take active exercise again for two hours, rest one, and then
+  dine. After dinner rest for three hours; and afterwards, in
+  summer, take a gentle stroll, which, with an hour's rest before
+  supper, will constitute the plan of exercise for the day. In wet
+  or inclement weather, the exercise may be taken in the house, the
+  windows being opened, "by walking actively backwards and
+  forwards, as sailors do on ship-board."</p>
+
+  <p>We now come to the consideration of <i>air</i>. Pure air is as
+  necessary to existence as good and wholesome food; perhaps more
+  so; for our food has to undergo a very elaborate change before it
+  is introduced into the mass of circulating blood, while the air
+  is received at once into the lungs, and comes into immediate
+  contact with the blood in that important organ. The effect of the
+  air upon the blood is this: by thrusting out as it were, all the
+  noxious properties which it has collected in its passage through
+  the body, it endues it with the peculiar property of vitality,
+  that is, it enables it to build up, repair, and excite the
+  different functions and organs of the body. If therefore this
+  air, which we inhale every instant, be not pure, the whole mass
+  of blood is very soon contaminated, and the frame, in some part
+  or other speedily experiences the bad effects. This will explain
+  to us the almost miraculous benefits which are obtained by
+  <i>change of air</i>, as well as the decided advantages of a free
+  and copious ventilation. The prejudices against a free
+  circulation of air, especially in the sick chamber, are
+  productive of great evil. The rule as regards this is plain and
+  simple: admit as much fresh air as you can; provided it does not
+  <i>blow in</i> upon you <i>in a stream</i>, and provided you are
+  not in a state of profuse perspiration at the time; for in
+  accordance with the Spanish proverb&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>"If the wind blows on you through a hole</p>
+
+      <p>Make your will, and take care of your soul."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>but if the <i>whole of the body be exposed at once</i> to a
+  cold atmosphere, no bad consequences need be anticipated.</p>
+
+  <p>A great deal has been said about the necessary quantity of
+  <i>sleep;</i> that is, how long one ought to indulge in sleeping.
+  This question, like many others, cannot be reduced to
+  mathematical precision; for much must depend upon habit,
+  constitution, and the nature and duration of our occupations. A
+  person in good health, whose mental and physical occupations are
+  not particularly laborious, will find seven or eight hours' sleep
+  quite sufficient to refresh his frame. Those whose constitutions
+  are debilitated, or whose occupations are studious or laborious,
+  require rather more; but the best rule in all eases is to sleep
+  till you are refreshed, and then get up. If you feel inclined for
+  a snug nap after dinner, indulge in it; but do not let it exceed
+  <i>half an hour;</i> if you do, you will be dull and
+  uncomfortable afterwards, instead of brisk and lively.</p>
+
+  <p>In sleeping, as in eating and drinking, we must consult our
+  habits and feelings, which are excellent monitors. What says the
+  poet?&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>"Preach not to me your musty rules,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Ye drones, that mused in idle cell,</p>
+
+      <p>The heart is wiser than the schools,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">The senses always reason well."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>One particular recommendation I would propose in concluding
+  this subject, from the observance of which much <span class=
+  "pagenum"><a id="page213" name="page213"></a>[pg 213]</span>
+  benefit has been derived&mdash;it is to sleep in a room as large
+  and as airy as possible, and in a bed but little encumbered with
+  curtains. The lungs must respire during sleep, as well as at any
+  other time; and it is of great consequence that the air should be
+  as pure as possible. In summer curtains should not be used at
+  all, and in winter we should do well without them. In summer
+  every wise man, who can afford it, will sleep out of
+  town&mdash;at any of the villages which are removed sufficiently
+  from the smoke and impurities of this overgrown metropolis.</p>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <h2>THE NOVELIST.</h2>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>AN INCIDENT AT FONDI.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>"Away&mdash;three cheers&mdash;on we go."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The morning was delightful; neither Corregio, nor Claude, with
+  all their magic of conception could have made it lovelier. The
+  heaven expanded like an azure sea&mdash;and the dimpling clouds
+  of gold were its Elysian isles&mdash;not unlike the splendid
+  images we are apt to admire in the poems of <i>Petrarch</i> and
+  <i>Alamanni</i>. The music of the birds kept time to the sound of
+  the postilions' whips&mdash;the streams sung a fairy legend, and
+  the merry woods, touched with the brilliant glow of an Italian
+  sun, breathed into the air a delicious sonata. Such a morning as
+  this was formed for something memorable! The Grand Diavolo and
+  his bravest ruffians awaited the travellers' approach.</p>
+
+  <p>The carriage had pursued the direction of the path at a speed
+  unequalled in the annals of the postilions; but the termination
+  of the dell did not appear. Huge impending cliffs with their
+  crown of trees imparted a shadowy depth to the solitude, which
+  the travellers did not seem to relish.</p>
+
+  <p>"How cursed inconvenient is this dell with its frightful
+  woods," said the baronet to his smiling daughter, "one might as
+  well be sequestered in Dante's Inferno. Look at those awful
+  rocks&mdash;my mind misgives me as I view them. Sure there are no
+  brigands concealed hereabout!"</p>
+
+  <p>"Hope not, Pa'," replied the graceful Rosalia; but the last
+  word had scarcely died on her lips, ere a discharge of shot was
+  heard. The baronet opened his carriage door, and leaped on the
+  ground.</p>
+
+  <p>"Hollo! John, Tom, pistols here, my lads, a pretty rencontre
+  this! Stand by Rosalia, my own self and purse I don't value a
+  grout, but stand the brunt, lads; here they come&mdash;oh, that I
+  had met them at Waterloo!"</p>
+
+  <p>This attack perplexed the thoughts of the poor baronet. He
+  regarded it as a romance in which he was to become the hero. But
+  his present situation did not allow him the fascination of a
+  dream. The brigands advanced from their concealment, and their
+  chief, who seemed a most pleasant and polite scoundrel, commanded
+  his men to inspect the luggage of the travellers.</p>
+
+  <p>"Humph! and is that all?" growled the baronet.</p>
+
+  <p>"I want a thousand crowns," said the chief, in a gentle tone,
+  "you may then proceed."</p>
+
+  <p>"Humph! and won't five hundred do?"</p>
+
+  <p>"I insist!" returned the brigand, placing his hand on his
+  sword!</p>
+
+  <p>This menace was enough. It produced an awful consternation in
+  the countenance of the Englishman. He, dear man, felt his heart
+  quake within him, as he paid the brigand his enormous demand. But
+  a second trial was reserved for him&mdash;he turned to his
+  carriage&mdash;his daughter was not there! where could she be? He
+  heard a laugh, and on raising his head, saw the identical object
+  of his care! She waved her delicate white handkerchief from the
+  steeps above, while an Italian officer stood beside her laughing
+  with all his might. The suspicions of the father were realized.
+  He was the tall intriguing scamp who had charmed the eyes of
+  Rosalia at the inn!</p>
+
+  <p>Away ran the sire, but the guilty pair seemed to fly with the
+  wings of love attached to their heels; up the steep he clambered,
+  scaring all the birds from their solitudes; still the lovers kept
+  on before; they passed the bridge of Laino; the infuriated sire
+  pursued; spire, tree, castle, church, stream; and in short the
+  most beautiful features of the landscape appeared in the chase,
+  but the fugitives did not stop to survey them. Away they pressed
+  down the sunny slope, through the glen, along the margin of the
+  Casparanna, swifter to the eye of the agonized parent than Jehu's
+  chariot-wheels. Now they flag&mdash;they sit down amid the ruins
+  of yonder old chapel&mdash;he will reach them now; alas! how vain
+  are the calculations of man! In leaping across the Cathanna Mare,
+  he received a shot in his arm; the cursed Italian had fired at
+  him, and he fell, like a wounded bird into the stream!</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <p>"Dear pa', how you kick one!" exclaimed <span class=
+  "pagenum"><a id="page214" name="page214"></a>[pg 214]</span> the
+  beauteous little daughter of the Englishman; "surely you have had
+  a troublesome dream." "Dream! let me see," said the baronet,
+  rubbing his eyes; "then I'm not drowned, and we are again at
+  Albano, are we, and this is our merry host, and thank God,
+  Rosalia, you are safe, and I must kiss you, my sweet girl." This
+  was a pleasant scene!</p>
+
+  <p>R. AUGUSTINE.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>TIME.</h3>
+
+  <center>
+    IN IMITATION OF THE OLDEN POETS.
+  </center>
+
+  <p>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4">Time is a taper waning fast!</p>
+
+      <p class="i4">Use it, man, well whilst it doth last:</p>
+
+      <p>Lest burning downwards it consume away,</p>
+
+      <p>Before thou hast commenced the labour of the day.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4">Time is a pardon of a goodly soil!</p>
+
+      <p class="i4">Plenty shall crown thine honest toil:</p>
+
+      <p>But if uncultivated, rankest weeds</p>
+
+      <p>Shall choke the efforts of the rising seeds.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4">Time is a leasehold of uncertain date!</p>
+
+      <p class="i4">Granted to thee by everlasting fate.</p>
+
+      <p>Neglect not thou, ere thy short term expire,</p>
+
+      <p>To save thy soul from ever-burning fire.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>LEAR.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>SEPULCHRAL ENIGMA.</h3>
+
+  <p>(<i>To the Editor of the Mirror</i>.)</p>
+
+  <p>The following Sepulchral Enigma against Pride, is engraved on
+  a stone, in the Cathedral Church of Hamburgh:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>"O, Mors, cur, Deus, negat, vitam,</p>
+
+      <p>be, se, bis, nos, his, nam."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <h3>CANON.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Ordine daprimam mediae? mediamqz sequenti,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Debita sic nosces fala, superbe, tibi.</p>
+
+      <p>Quid mortalis homo jactas tot quidve superbis?</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Cras forsan fies, pulvis et umbra levis,</p>
+
+      <p>Quid tibi opes prosunt? Quid nuuc tibi magna potesias?</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Quidve honor? Ant praestans quid tibi forma?
+      Nihil.</p>
+
+      <p>Vide <i>Variorum in Europa itinerum deliciae,
+      &amp;c.</i></p>
+
+      <p class="i4"><i>Nathane Chitreo, Editio Secunda</i>,
+      1599.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The above inscription and Canon are from a very scarce book,
+  <i>me penes</i>; if they are deemed worthy of a place in your
+  entertaining miscellany, and no solution or English version
+  should be offered to your notice for insertion, I will avail
+  myself of your permission to send one for your approval.</p>
+
+  <p>Your's, &amp;c. &Sigma; [Greek: S.]</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>THE VINE&mdash;A FRAGMENT.</h3>
+
+  <p>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>See o'er the wall, the white-leav'd cluster-vine</p>
+
+      <p>Shoots its redundant tendrils; and doth seem,</p>
+
+      <p>Like the untam'd enthusiast's glowing heart,</p>
+
+      <p>Ready to clasp, with an abundant love,</p>
+
+      <p>All nature in its arms!</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>C. COLE.</p>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <h2>THE COSMOPOLITE.</h2>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>ON LIBERTY.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>"I don't hate the world, but I laugh at it;</p>
+
+      <p>for none but fools can be in earnest about a trifle."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>So says Gay of the world, in one of his letters to Swift, and
+  we have adapted the quotation to our idea of liberty. True it is
+  that Addison apostrophizes liberty as a</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Goddess, heavenly bright!</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>but we hope our laughter will not be considered as indecorous
+  or profane. Our great essayist has exalted her into a Deity, and
+  invested her with a mythological charm, which makes us doubt her
+  existence; so that to laugh at her can be no more irreverend than
+  to sneer at the belief in apparitions, a joke which is very
+  generally enjoyed in these good days of spick-and-span
+  philosophy. Whether Liberty ever existed or not, is to us a
+  matter of little import, since it is certain that she belongs to
+  the grand hoax which is the whole scheme of life. The extension
+  of liberty into concerns of every-day life is therefore
+  reasonable enough, and to prove that we are happy in possessing
+  this ideal blessing, seems to have been the aim of all who have
+  written on the subject. One, however, if we remember right, sets
+  the matter in a grave light, when he says to man&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Since thy original lapse, true liberty</p>
+
+      <p>Is lost.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>He who loves to scatter crumbs of comfort in these starving
+  times, will not despair at this sublime truth, but will seek to
+  cherish the love of liberty, or the consolation for the loss of
+  it wherever he goes.</p>
+
+  <p>The reader need not be told that we are friends to the spread
+  of liberty: indeed, we think she may "triumph over time, clip his
+  wings, pare his nails, file his teeth, turn back his hour-glass,
+  blunt his scythe, and draw the hobnails out of his shoes;" but to
+  show how this may be done, we must run over a few varieties of
+  liberty for the benefit of such as do not enjoy the inestimable
+  blessings of being <i>free and easy</i>: we quote these words,
+  vulgar as they are; for, of all words in our vernacular tongue,
+  to express comfort and security from ill, commend us to the
+  expletive of <i>free and easy</i>. We had rather not meddle with
+  civil or religious liberty: they are as combustible as the
+  Cotopaxi, or the new governments, of South America; and our
+  attempts at reformation do not extend beyond paper and print,
+  which the unamused reader may burn or not, as he <span class=
+  "pagenum"><a id="page215" name="page215"></a>[pg 215]</span>
+  pleases without searing his own conscience or exciting our
+  revenge. To be sure, a few of our examples may border on civil
+  liberty; but we shall not seek to find parallels for the
+  Ptolemaian cages, or the Tower of Famine, in our times; neither
+  shall we feast upon the horrors of the French Revolution, nor the
+  last polite reception of the Russians by headless Turks;
+  notwithstanding all these examples would bear us out in our idea
+  of the love of liberty, and the evils of the loss of it.</p>
+
+  <p>Kings often want liberty, even amidst the multitude of their
+  luxuries. They are not unfrequently the veriest slaves at court,
+  and liege and loyal as we are, we seldom hear of a king eating,
+  drinking, and sleeping as other people do, without envying him so
+  happy an interval from the cares of state, and the painted pomp
+  of palaces. This it is that makes the domestic habits of kings so
+  interesting to every one; and many a time have we crossed field
+  after field to catch a glimpse of royalty, in a plain green
+  chariot on the Brighton road, when we would not have put our
+  heads out of window to see a procession to the House of Lords.
+  Some kings have even gone so far in their love of plain life as
+  to drop the king, which is a very pleasant sort of unkingship.
+  Frederick the Great, at one of his literary entertainments
+  adopted this plan to promote free conversation, when he reminded
+  the circle that there was no monarch present, and that every one
+  might think aloud. The conversation soon turned upon the faults
+  of different governments and rulers, and general censures were
+  passing from mouth to mouth pretty freely, when Frederick
+  suddenly stayed the topic, by saying, "Peace, peace, gentlemen,
+  have a care, the king is coming; it may be as well if he does not
+  hear you, lest he should be obliged to be still worse than you."
+  Our Second Charles was very fond of liberty, and of dropping the
+  king, or as some writers say, he never took the office up: this
+  was for another purpose, in times when</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>License they mean when they cry liberty.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Voluntarily parting with one's liberty is, however, very
+  different to having it taken from us, as in the anecdote of the
+  citizen who never having been out of his native place during his
+  lifetime, was, for some offence, sentenced to stay within the
+  walls a whole year; when he died of grief not long
+  afterwards.</p>
+
+  <p>State imprisonment is like a set of silken fetters for kings
+  and other great people. Thus, almost all our palaces have been
+  used as prisons, according to the caprice of the monarch, or the
+  violence of the uppermost faction. Shakspeare, in his historical
+  plays, gives us many pictures of royal and noble suffering from
+  the loss of liberty. One of the latter, with a beautiful
+  antidote, is the address of Gaunt to Bolingbroke, after his
+  banishment by Richard II.:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>All places that the eye of heaven visits,</p>
+
+      <p>Are to a wise man ports, and happy havens:</p>
+
+      <p>Teach thy necessity to reason thus:</p>
+
+      <p>There is no virtue like necessity.</p>
+
+      <p>Think not, the king did banish thee;</p>
+
+      <p>But thou the king: woe doth heavier sit,</p>
+
+      <p>Where it perceives it is but faintly borne.</p>
+
+      <p>Go, say&mdash;I sent thee forth to purchase honour,</p>
+
+      <p>And not&mdash;the king exiled thee: or suppose,</p>
+
+      <p>Devouring pestilence hangs in our air,</p>
+
+      <p>And thou art flying to a fresher clime.</p>
+
+      <p>Look, what thy soul holds dear, imagine it</p>
+
+      <p>To lie that way thou go'st, not whence thou comest:</p>
+
+      <p>Suppose the singing birds musicians;</p>
+
+      <p>The grass whereon thou tread'st, the presence strew'd;</p>
+
+      <p>The flowers, fair ladies; and thy steps, no more</p>
+
+      <p>Than a delightful measure, or a dance;</p>
+
+      <p>For gnarling sorrow hath less power to bite</p>
+
+      <p>The man that mocks at it, and sets it light.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Even Napoleon, whose wounds were almost green at his death,
+  sought to chase away the recollections of his ill-starred
+  splendour, by rides and walks in the island, and conversation
+  with his suite in his garden; and Louis XVIII. after his
+  restoration to the throne of France, passed few such happy days
+  as his exile at Hartwell, which though only a pleasant seat
+  enough, had more comfort than the gilded saloons of Versailles,
+  or the hurly-burly of the Tuilleries, with treason hatching in
+  the street beneath the windows, and revolution stinking in the
+  very nostrils of the court. Shakspeare might well call a crown
+  a</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Polished perturbation! golden care!</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>and add&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8">O majesty!</p>
+
+      <p>When thou dost pinch thy bearer, thou dost sit</p>
+
+      <p>Like a rich armour worn in heat of day,</p>
+
+      <p>That scalds with safety.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Goldsmith has somewhat sarcastically lamented that the
+  appetites of the rich do not increase with their wealth; in like
+  manner, it would be a grievous thing could liberty be monopolized
+  or scraped into heaps like wealth; a petty tyrant may persecute
+  and imprison thousands, but he cannot thereby add one hour or
+  inch to his own liberty.</p>
+
+  <p>Another and a very common loss of liberty is by pleasure and
+  the love of fame, especially by the slaves of fashion and the
+  lovers of great place;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Whose lives are others' not their own.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Pleasure for the most part, consists in fits of anticipation;
+  since, the extra liberty or license of a debauch must be
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page216" name="page216"></a>[pg
+  216]</span> repaid by the iron fetters of headache, and the heavy
+  hand of <i>ennui</i> on the following day: even the purblind
+  puppy of fashion will tell you, if you make free with your
+  constitution, you must suffer for it; and this by a species of
+  slavery. To dance attendance upon a great man for a small
+  appointment, and to <i>boo</i> your way through the world,
+  belongs to the worst of servitude. Congreve compares a levee at a
+  great man's to a list of duns; and Shenstone still more
+  ill-naturedly says, "a courtier's dependant is a beggar's
+  dog."</p>
+
+  <p>Making free, or taking liberties with your fortune, brings
+  about the slavery, if not the sin, of poverty; and to take a
+  liberty with the wealth of another is about as sure a road to
+  slavery as picking pockets is to house-breaking. Debt is another
+  of those odious badges which mark a man as a slave, and let him
+  but go on to recovery, that like a snake in the sunshine, he may
+  be the more effectually scotched and secured. Gay says to Swift,
+  "I hate to be in debt; for I can't bear to pawn five pounds worth
+  of my liberty to a tailor or a butcher. I grant you, this is not
+  having the true spirit of modern nobility; but it is hard to cure
+  the prejudice of education;" and every man will own that a
+  <i>greater</i> slave-master is not to be found at Cape Coast than
+  the law's follower, who says, "I 'rest you;" and then "brings you
+  to all manner of unrest." One of these fellows is even greater
+  than the sultan of an African tribe in till his glory; though he
+  neither bears the insignia of rank nor power&mdash;none of the
+  little finery which wins allegiance and honour&mdash;yet he
+  constrains you "by virtue," and brings about a compromise and
+  temporary cessation of your liberty.</p>
+
+  <p>Taking liberties with the pockets or tables of one's relations
+  and friends, is at best, but a dangerous experiment. It cannot
+  last long before they beg to be excused the liberty, &amp;c., and
+  like the countryman with the golden goose, you get a cold,
+  fireless parlour, or a colder hall reception for your
+  importunity; and, perchance, the silver ore being all gone, you
+  must put up with the French plate. One of the most equivocal, if
+  not dangerous, forms of correspondence is that beginning with "I
+  take the liberty;" for it either portends some well tried
+  "sufferer" as Lord Foppington calls him; a pressing call from a
+  fundless charity; or at best but a note from an advertising
+  tailor to tell you that for several years past you have been
+  paying 50 per cent. too high a price for your clothes; but, like
+  most good news, this comes upon crutches, and the loss is past
+  redemption.</p>
+
+  <p>What is called the liberty of the subject we must leave for a
+  dull barrister to explain: in the meantime, if any reader be
+  impatient for the definition, a night's billeting in Covent
+  Garden watchhouse will initiate him into its blessings; he is not
+  so dull as to require to be told how to get there. The liberty of
+  the press is another ticklish subject to handle&mdash; like a
+  hedgehog&mdash;all points; but we may be allowed to quote, as one
+  of the most harmless specimens of the liberty of the
+  press&mdash;the production of THE MIRROR, as we always
+  acknowledge the liberty by reference to the sources whence our
+  borrowed wealth is taken. This is giving credit in one way, and
+  taking credit for our own honesty.</p>
+
+  <p>Liberty-boys and brawlers would be new acquaintance for us. We
+  are not old enough to remember "Wilkes and 45;" the cap of
+  liberty is now seldom introduced into our national arms, and this
+  and all such emblems are fast fading away. People who used to
+  spout forth Cowper's line and a half on liberty, have given up
+  the profession, and all men are at liberty to think as they
+  please. Still ours is neither the golden nor the silver age of
+  liberty: it is more like paper and platina liberty, things which
+  have the weight and semblance without their value.</p>
+
+  <p>The only odd rencontre we ever had with a liberty advocate was
+  with L'Abbe Gregoire, one of the cabinet advisers of Napoleon,
+  and to judge by his writings, a benevolent man. On visiting him
+  at Paris, we put into our pocket a little work of our leisure,
+  containing upwards of 6,000 quotations on almost every subject.
+  The Abb&eacute;, who understands English well, was delighted with
+  the variety, and on calling again in a few days, we found the
+  venerable patriot had been searching for all the passages on
+  <i>liberty</i>, which he had distinguished by registers: what an
+  evidence is this of his ruling passion. At the time we did not
+  recollect that to M. Gregoire is attributed the republican
+  sentiment "the reign of Kings is the martyrology of nations:" his
+  conversation proved him an enthusiast, but we think this liberty
+  rather too strong.</p>
+
+  <p>PHILO.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>REVENGE.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8">'Twas lordly hate that rul'd</p>
+
+      <p>Indomitable. 'Twas a thirst that naught</p>
+
+      <p>But blood of him who broke this aching heart</p>
+
+      <p>Could quench.'&mdash;therefore I struck&mdash;&mdash;.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>CYMBELINE</p>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page217" name="page217"></a>[pg
+  217]</span></p>
+
+  <h2>THE NATURALIST.</h2>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>THE FLYING DRAGON.</h3>
+
+  <div class="figure" style="width: 50%; float: left;">
+    <a href="images/392-2.png"><img width="100%" src=
+    "images/392-2.png" alt="The Flying Dragon." /></a>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>This beautiful species of the lizard tribe was one of the
+  wonders of our ancestors, who believed it to be a fierce animal
+  with wings, and whose bite was mortal; whereas, it is perfectly
+  harmless, and differs from other lizards merely in its being
+  furnished with an expanding membrane or web, strengthened by a
+  few radii, or small bones. It is about twelve inches in length,
+  and is found in the East Indies and Africa (<i>Blumenbach</i>),
+  where it flies through short distances, from tree to tree, and
+  subsists on flies, ants, and other insects. It is covered with
+  very small scales, and is generally of ash-colour, varied and
+  clouded on the back, &amp;c. with brown, black, and white. The
+  head is of a very singular form, and furnished with a triple
+  pouch, under and on each side the throat.</p>
+
+  <p>Barbarous nations have many fabulous stories of this little
+  animal. They say, for instance, that, although it usually lives
+  in the water, it often bounds up from the surface, and alights on
+  the branch of some adjacent tree, where it makes a noise
+  resembling the laughter of a man.</p>
+
+  <p>The curious reader who is anxious to see a specimen of the
+  Flying Dragon, will be gratified with a young one, preserved in a
+  case with two Cameleons, and exposed for sale in the window of a
+  dealer in articles of <i>vertu</i>, in St. Martin's Court,
+  Leicester Square.</p>
+
+  <h3>COCHINEAL TRANSPLANTED TO JAVA.</h3>
+
+  <p>The success with which the cultivation of the nopal and the
+  breeding of the insect which produces cochineal has been
+  practised at Cadiz, and thence at Malta, is well known. A French
+  apothecary is said to have made the experiment in Corsica, but on
+  a very confined scale; and the King of the Netherlands, on
+  information that the Isle of Java was well adapted for the
+  cultivation of this important article of merchandize, determined
+  on attempting the transplantation into that colony. As the
+  exportation of the trees and of the insect is prohibited by the
+  laws of Spain, some management was requisite to acquire the means
+  of forming this new establishment. The following were those
+  resorted to:&mdash;His Majesty sent to Cadiz, and there
+  maintained, for nearly two years, one of his subjects, a very
+  intelligent person, who introduced himself, and by degrees got
+  initiated into the <i>Garden of Acclimation</i> of the Economic
+  Society, where the breeding of this important insect is carried
+  on. He so well, fulfilled his commission (for which the
+  instructions, it is said, were drawn up by his royal master
+  himself), that he succeeded in procuring about one thousand
+  nopals, all young and vigorous, besides a considerable number of
+  insects; and, moreover, carried on his plans so ably, as to
+  persuade the principal gardener of the Garden of Acclimation to
+  enter for six years into the service of the King of the
+  Netherlands, and to go to Batavia. Between eight and ten thousand
+  Spanish dollars are said to have been the lure held out to him to
+  desert his post. In the service of the Society he gained three
+  shillings a day, paid in Spanish fashion, that is, half, at
+  least, in arrear. A vessel of war was sent to bring away the
+  precious cargo, which, being furtively and safely shipped, the
+  gardener and the insects were on their voyage to Batavia before
+  the least suspicion of what was going on was entertained by the
+  Society.&mdash;<i>From the French</i>.</p>
+
+  <h3>BEES' NESTS.</h3>
+
+  <p>A French journal says, in the woods of Brazil is frequently
+  found hanging from the branches the nest of a species of bee,
+  formed of clay, and about two feet in diameter. It is more
+  probable that these nests belong to some species of wasp, many of
+  which construct hanging nests. One sort of these is very common
+  in the northern parts of Britain, though it is not often found
+  south of Yorkshire.</p>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page218" name="page218"></a>[pg
+  218]</span></p>
+
+  <h2>SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.</h2>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>ASSASSINATION OF MAJOR LAING.</h3>
+
+  <p>The <i>Literary Gazette</i> of Saturday last contains the
+  following very interesting intelligence respecting the
+  assassination of Major Laing, and the existence of his
+  Journal;&mdash;"In giving this tragical and disgraceful story to
+  the British public, (says the Editor), we may notice that the
+  individual who figures so suspiciously in it, viz. Hassouna
+  d'Ghies, must be well remembered a few years ago in London
+  society. We were acquainted with him during his residence here,
+  and often met him, both at public entertainments and at private
+  parties, where his Turkish dress made him conspicuous. He was an
+  intelligent man, and addicted to literary pursuits; in manners
+  more polished than almost any of his countrymen whom we ever
+  knew, and apparently of a gentler disposition than the accusation
+  of having instigated this infamous murder would fix upon
+  him."</p>
+
+  <p>The account then proceeds with the following translation from
+  a <i>Marseilles Journal</i>:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>It was about three years ago, that Major Laing, son-in-law of
+  Colonel Hammer Warrington, consul-general of England in Tripoli,
+  quitted that city, where he left his young wife, and penetrated
+  into the mysterious continent of Africa, the grave of so many
+  illustrious travellers. After having crossed the chain of Mount
+  Atlas, the country of Fezzan, the desert of Lempta, the Sahara,
+  and the kingdom of Ahades, he arrived at the city of Timbuctoo,
+  the discovery of which has been so long desired by the learned
+  world. Major Laing, by entering Timbuctoo, had gained the reward
+  of 3,000<i>l</i>. sterling, which a learned and generous society
+  in London had promised to the intrepid adventurer who should
+  first visit the great African city, situated between the Nile of
+  the Negroes and the river Gambaron. But Major Laing attached much
+  less value to the gaining of the reward than to the fame acquired
+  after so many fatigues and dangers. He had collected on his
+  journey valuable information in all branches of science: having
+  fixed his abode at Timbuctoo, he had composed the journal of his
+  travels, and was preparing to return to Tripoli, when he was
+  attacked by Africans, who undoubtedly were watching for him in
+  the desert. Laing, who had but a weak escort, defended himself
+  with heroic courage: he had at heart the preservation of his
+  labours and his glory. But in this engagement he lost his right
+  hand, which was struck off by the blow of a yatagan. It is
+  impossible to help being moved with pity at the idea of the
+  unfortunate traveller, stretched upon the sand, writing painfully
+  with his left hand to his young wife, the mournful account of the
+  combat. Nothing can be so affecting as this letter, written in
+  stiff characters, by unsteady fingers, and all soiled with dust
+  and blood. This misfortune was only the prelude to one far
+  greater. Not long afterwards, some people of Ghadames, who had
+  formed part of the Major's escort, arrived at Tripoli, and
+  informed Colonel Warrington that his relation had been
+  assassinated in the desert. Colonel Warrington could not confine
+  himself to giving barren tears to the memory of his son-in-law.
+  The interest of his glory, the honour of England, the affection
+  of a father&mdash;all made it his duty to seek after the authors
+  of the murder, and endeavour to discover what had become of the
+  papers of the victim. An uncertain report was soon spread that
+  the papers of Major Laing had been brought to Tripoli by people
+  of Ghadames; and that a Turk, named Hassouna Dghies, had
+  mysteriously received them. This is the same Dghies whom we have
+  seen at Marseilles, displaying so much luxury and folly, offering
+  to the ladies his perfumes and his shawls&mdash; a sort of
+  travelling Usbeck, without his philosophy and his wit. From
+  Marseilles he went to London, overwhelmed with debts, projecting
+  new ones, and always accompanied by women and creditors. Colonel
+  Warrington was long engaged in persevering researches, and at
+  length succeeded in finding a clue to this horrible mystery. The
+  Pasha, at his request, ordered the people who had made part of
+  the Major's escort to be brought from Ghadames. The truth was at
+  length on the point of being known; but this truth was too
+  formidable to Hassouna Dghies for him to dare to await it, and he
+  therefore took refuge in the abode of Mr. Coxe, the consul of the
+  United States. The Pasha sent word to Mr. Coxe, that he
+  recognised the inviolability of the asylum granted to Hassouna;
+  but that the evidence of the latter being necessary in the
+  prosecution of the proceedings relative to the assassination of
+  Major Laing, he begged him not to favour his flight. Colonel
+  Warrington wrote to his colleague to the same effect. However,
+  Hassouna Dghies left Tripoli on the 9th of August, <span class=
+  "pagenum"><a id="page219" name="page219"></a>[pg 219]</span> in
+  the night, in the disguise, it is said, of an American officer,
+  and took refuge on board the United States corvette
+  <i>Fairfield</i>, Captain Parker, which was then at anchor in the
+  roads of Tripoli. Doubtless, Captain Parker was deceived with
+  respect to Hassouna, otherwise the noble flag of the United
+  States would not have covered with its protection a man accused
+  of being an accomplice in an assassination.</p>
+
+  <p>It is fully believed that this escape was ardently solicited
+  by a French agent. It is even said, that the proposal was first
+  made to the captain of one of our (French) ships, but that he
+  nobly replied, that one of the king's officers could not favour a
+  suspicious flight&mdash;that he would not receive Hassouna on
+  board his ship, except by virtue of a written order, and, at all
+  events in open day, and without disguise.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Fairfield</i> weighed anchor on the 10th of August, in
+  the morning.</p>
+
+  <p>The Pasha, enraged at this escape of Hassouna, summoned to his
+  palace Mohamed Dghies, brother of the fugitive, and there, in the
+  presence of his principal officers, commanded him, with a stern
+  voice, to declare the truth. Mohamed fell at his master's feet,
+  and declared upon oath, and in writing, that his brother Hassouna
+  had had Major Laing's papers in his possession, but that he had
+  delivered them up to a person, for a deduction of forty per cent.
+  on the debts which he had contracted in France, and the recovery
+  of which this person was endeavouring to obtain by legal
+  proceedings.</p>
+
+  <p>The declaration of Mohamed extends to three pages, containing
+  valuable and very numerous details respecting the delivery of the
+  papers of the unfortunate Major, and all the circumstances of
+  this strange transaction.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <p>The shape and size of the Major's papers are indicated with
+  the most minute exactness; it is stated that these papers were
+  taken from him near Timbuctoo, and subsequently delivered to the
+  person abovementioned <i>entire, and without breaking the seals
+  of red wax</i>&mdash;a circumstance which would demonstrate the
+  participation of Hassouna in the assassination; for how can it be
+  supposed otherwise, that the wretches who murdered the Major
+  would have brought these packages to such a distance without
+  having been tempted by cupidity, or even the curiosity so natural
+  to savages, to break open their frail covers?</p>
+
+  <p>Mohamed, however, after he had left the palace, fearing that
+  the Pasha in his anger would make him answerable for his
+  brother's crime, according to the usual mode of doing justice at
+  Tripoli, hastened to seek refuge in the house of the person of
+  whom we have spoken, and to implore his protection. Soon
+  afterwards the consul-general of the Netherlands, accompanied by
+  his colleagues the consuls-general of Sweden, Denmark, and
+  Sardinia, proceeded to the residence of the person pointed out as
+  the receiver, and in the name of Colonel Warrington, and by
+  virtue of the declaration of Mohamed, called upon him instantly
+  to restore Major Laing's papers. He answered haughtily, that this
+  declaration was only a tissue of calumnies; and Mohamed, on his
+  side, trusting, doubtless, in a pretended inviolability,
+  yielding, perhaps, to fallacious promises, retracted his
+  declaration, completely disowned it, and even went so far as to
+  deny his own hand-writing.</p>
+
+  <p>This recantation deceived nobody; the Pasha, in a transport of
+  rage, sent to Mohamed his own son, Sidi Ali; this time influence
+  was of no avail. Mohamed, threatened with being seized by the
+  <i>chiaoux</i>, retracted his retractation; and in a new
+  declaration, in the presence of all the consuls, confirmed that
+  which he made in the morning before the Pasha and his
+  officers.</p>
+
+  <p>One consolatory fact results from these afflicting details:
+  the papers of Major Laing exist, and the learned world will
+  rejoice at the intelligence; but in the name of humanity, in the
+  name of science, in the name of the national
+  honour&mdash;compromised, perhaps, by disgraceful or criminal
+  bargains&mdash;it must be hoped that justice may fall upon the
+  guilty, whoever he may be.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>A COFFEE-ROOM CHARACTER.</h3>
+
+  <p>It was about the year 1805 that we were first ushered into the
+  dining-house called the Cheshire Cheese, in Wine-office-court. It
+  is known that Johnson once lodged in this court, and bought an
+  enormous cudgel while there, to resist a threatened attack from
+  Macpherson, the author, or editor, of <i>Ossian's Poems</i>. At
+  the time we first knew the place (for its visiters and keepers
+  are long since changed for the third or fourth time,) many came
+  there who remembered Johnson and Goldsmith spending their
+  evenings in the coffee-room; old half-pay officers, staid
+  tradesmen of the neighbourhood, and the like, formed the
+  principal portion of the company.</p>
+
+  <p>Few in this vast city know the alley <span class=
+  "pagenum"><a id="page220" name="page220"></a>[pg 220]</span> in
+  Fleet-street which leads to the sawdusted floor and shining
+  tables; those tables of mahogany, parted by green-curtained
+  seats, and bound with copper rims to turn the edge of the knife
+  which might perchance assail them during a warm debate; John Bull
+  having a propensity to commit such mutilations in the "torrent,
+  tempest, and whirlwind" of argument. Thousands have never seen
+  the homely clock that ticks over the chimney, nor the capacious,
+  hospitable-looking fire-place under,<a id="footnotetag3" name=
+  "footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> both as
+  they stood half a century ago, when Fleet-street was the emporium
+  of literary talent, and every coffee-house was distinguished by
+  some character of note who was regarded as the oracle of the
+  company.</p>
+
+  <p>Among these was old Colonel L&mdash;&mdash;e, in person short
+  and thick-set. He often sacrificed copiously to the jolly god, in
+  his box behind the door; he was a great smoker, and had numbered
+  between seventy and eighty years. Early in the evening he was
+  punctually at his post; he called, for his pipe and his "go of
+  rack," according to his diurnal custom; and surveying first the
+  persons at his own table, and then those in other parts of the
+  room, he commonly sat a few minutes in silence, as if waiting the
+  stimulating effect of the tobacco to wind up his conversational
+  powers, or perhaps he was bringing out defined images from the
+  dim reminiscences which floated in his sensorium. If a stranger
+  were near, he commonly addressed him with an old soldier's
+  freedom, on some familiar topic which little needed the
+  formalities of a set introduction; but soon changed the subject,
+  and commenced fighting "his battles o'er again." He talked much
+  of Minden, and the campaigns of 1758 and 59. He boasted of having
+  carried the colours of the 20th regiment, that bore the brunt of
+  the day there, and mainly contributed to obtain a "glorious
+  victory," as Southey, in his days of uncourtliness, called that
+  of Blenheim. But though thus fond of showing "how fields were
+  won," he was equally delighted with recounting his acquaintance
+  with more peaceful subjects. He had known Johnson and Goldsmith,
+  together with the list of worthies who honoured Fleet-street by
+  making it their abode between thirty and forty years before, and
+  were at that time visitants of the house. "At this very table,"
+  said he, speaking of that which is situated on the right-hand
+  behind the door, "Johnson used always to sit when he came here,
+  and Goldsmith also. I knew them well. Johnson overawed us all,
+  and every one became silent when he spoke." The colonel observed
+  of Goldsmith, "That no one would have thought much of him from
+  his company, though he had a great name in the world."</p>
+
+  <p>The colonel also knew something of Churchill, described him as
+  by no means prepossessing in person, and one of the last who
+  could have been supposed capable of writing as he wrote. The
+  colonel, in his old age, imagined he too had a taste for poetry,
+  and boasted of Goldsmith's having asserted (perhaps jokingly)
+  that he possessed a talent for writing verse. This idea working
+  in his mind for years, had induced him to print, in his old age,
+  what he called, to the best of my recollection, "A Continuation
+  of the Deserted Village." He always brought a copy with him of an
+  evening, and was fond of referring to it, and passing it round
+  for the company to look at&mdash;a weakness pardonable in a
+  garrulous old man. On revisiting the house, for old acquaintance
+  sake, after an absence of some years from London, I missed him
+  from his accustomed place, which I observed to be occupied by a
+  stranger. On inquiry, I found that he was departed to where human
+  vanity and human wisdom are upon a level, and where man is alike
+  deaf to the voice of literary and military ambition.&mdash;<i>New
+  Monthly Magazine</i>.</p>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <h2>NOTES OF A READER.</h2>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>THE ANNUALS FOR 1830.</h3>
+
+  <p>We feel it a duty to the proprietors of these elegant works,
+  as well as to our readers, to give the following <i>annonces</i>
+  of the several volumes for 1830:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Keepsake</i> is very forward. Among the contributors
+  are Sir Walter Scott, Lord Byron, and the author of "Anastasius."
+  Sir Walter's contribution is a dramatic romance, in imitation of
+  the German; and Lord Byron's are ten letters written by him
+  between 1821, and the time of his lordship's death.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Forget-Me-Not</i> will contain a very gem&mdash;being
+  the first known attempt at poetry, by Lord Byron, copied from the
+  autograph of the noble poet, and certified by the lady to whom it
+  was <span class="pagenum"><a id="page221" name="page221"></a>[pg
+  221]</span> addressed&mdash;the object of his lordship's first,
+  if not his only real attachment.</p>
+
+  <p>Mr. Ackermann has likewise announced a <i>Juvenile</i>
+  Forget-Me-Not, so as to remember all growths.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Literary Souvenir</i> is in a state of great
+  forwardness. Among the contributors are the authors of
+  "Kuzzil-bash;" "Constantinople in 1828;" "The Sorrows of
+  Rosalie;" and "Rouge et Noir." The pencils of Sir Thomas
+  Lawrence, Howard, Collins, Chalon, Harlowe, and Martin, have
+  furnished</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Amulet</i>, among its illustrations will contain an
+  engraving from Mulready's picture of an English Cottage; another
+  from Wilkie's "Dorty Bairn;" and another from a drawing by
+  Martin, engraved by Le Keux, for which he is said to have
+  received one hundred and eighty guineas. Mr. Hall, the editor,
+  has likewise been equally fortunate in an accession of literary
+  talent.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Juvenile</i> Forget-Me-Not, under the superintendence
+  of Mrs. S.C. Hall, also promises unusual attractions, both in
+  picture and print.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Juvenile Keepsake</i>, edited by Mr. T. Roscoe, is said
+  to be completed.</p>
+
+  <p>Another Juvenile Annual, to be called the <i>Zoological
+  Keepsake</i>, is announced, with a host of cuts to enliven the
+  "birds, beasts, and fishes" of the smaller growth.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Gem</i> will re-appear as the <i>Annual Gem</i>, with
+  thirteen embellishments, superintended by A. Cooper, R.A.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Bijou</i> promises well. The embellishments are of the
+  first order, from pictures by Sir Thomas Lawrence, Stothard,
+  Wilkie, and the lamented Bonington. Among the gems are a splendid
+  portrait of <i>the King</i>, from the president's picture, in the
+  possession of Sir William Knighton, Bart.; and a portrait of the
+  beautiful Mrs. Arbuthnot.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Winter's Wreath</i> will bloom with more than its
+  accustomed beauty. Among the contributors we notice, for the
+  first time, the author of "Rank and Talent."</p>
+
+  <p><i>Religious Annuals</i> are on the increase. One of the
+  novelties of this class is "<i>Emmanuel</i>," to be edited by the
+  author of "Clouds and Sunshine," of the excellence of which we
+  have many grateful recollections. The <i>Iris</i>, to be edited
+  by the Rev. Thomas Dale, is another novelty in this way.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Musical Bijou</i> has among its composers, Rossini,
+  Bishop, Kalk-brenner, Rodwell, J. Barnet, and others. The lyrists
+  and prose writers are Sir Walter Scott, T.H. Bayley, the Ettrick
+  Shepherd, Messrs. Planche, Richard Ryan, &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>One of the most splendid designs of the season is a
+  "<i>Landscape Annual, or the Tourist in Italy and
+  Switzerland</i>," from drawings by Prout; the literary department
+  by T. Roscoe, Esq. and to contain the most attractive views which
+  occur to the traveller on his route from Geneva to Rome. Some of
+  the plates are described as extremely brilliant.</p>
+
+  <p>Two <i>Transatlantic Annuals</i>, the <i>Atlantic
+  Souvenir</i>, published at Philadelphia, and the <i>Token</i>,
+  published at Boston&mdash;may be expected in London.</p>
+
+  <p>The foregoing are all the announcements we have been able to
+  collect. We miss two or three established favourites; but we hope
+  to make their promises the subject of a future paragraph.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>THE GOOSE.</h3>
+
+  <p>In England the goose is sacred to St. Michael; in Scotland,
+  where dainties were not going every day,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>"'Twas Christmas sent its savoury goose."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The Michaelmas goose is said to owe its origin to Queen
+  Elizabeth's dining on one at the table of an English baronet on
+  that day when she received tidings of the dispersion of the
+  Spanish Armada, in commemoration of which she ordered the
+  <i>goose</i> to make its appearance every Michaelmas. In some
+  places, particularly Caithness, geese are cured and smoked, and
+  are highly relishing. Smoked Solan geese are well known as
+  contributing to the abundance of a Scottish breakfast, though too
+  rank and fishy-flavoured for unpractised palates. The goose has
+  made some figure in English history. The churlishness of the
+  brave Richard Coeur de Lion, a sovereign distinguished for an
+  insatiable appetite and vigorous digestion, in an affair of roast
+  goose, was the true cause of his captivity in Germany. The king,
+  disguised as a palmer, was returning to his own dominions,
+  attended by Sir Fulk Doyley and Sir Thomas de Multon, "brothers
+  in arms," and wearing the same privileged garb. They arrived in
+  Almain, (Germany,) at the town of Carpentras, where,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>"A <i>goose</i> they dight to their dinner.</p>
+
+      <p>In a tavern where they were.</p>
+
+      <p>King Richard the fire bet,</p>
+
+      <p>Thomas to him the spit set;</p>
+
+      <p>Fouk Doyley tempered the wood;</p>
+
+      <p>Dear a-bought they that good;"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page222" name="page222"></a>[pg
+  222]</span> for in came a <i>Minstralle</i>, or she-Minstrel,
+  with offer of specimens of her art in return for a leg of the
+  goose and a cup of the wine. Richard, who loved "rich meats," and
+  cared little at this time for their usual accompaniment,
+  "minstrelsy,"&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>"&mdash;bade that she would go;</p>
+
+      <p>That turned him to mickle woe.</p>
+
+      <p>The Minstralle took in mind,</p>
+
+      <p>And said, ye are men unkind:</p>
+
+      <p>And if I may ye shall <i>for-think</i></p>
+
+      <p>Ye gave me neither meat nor drink!"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The lady, who was English, recognised the king, and denounced
+  him to the king of Germany, who ordered the pilgrims into his
+  presence, insulted Richard, "said him shame," called him
+  <i>taylard</i>, probably for his affection for goose, and finally
+  ordered him to a dungeon. But Richard, a true knightly eater,
+  who, besides roast goose, liked to indulge in</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8">"Bread and wine,</p>
+
+      <p>Piment and clarry good and fine;</p>
+
+      <p>Cranes and swans, and venison;</p>
+
+      <p>Partridges, plovers, and heron,&mdash;</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>was neither dainty nor over-nice. At a pinch he could eat any
+  thing, which on sundry emergencies stood him in great stead.
+  <i>Wax</i> and <i>nuts</i>, and tallow and grease mixed, carried
+  him through one campaign, when the enemy thought to have starved
+  out the English army and its cormorant commander. The courage and
+  strength of Richard were always redoubled after dinner. It was
+  then his greatest feats were performed.&mdash;<i>Romance of Coeur
+  de Lion</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>The livers of geese and poultry are esteemed a great delicacy
+  by some <i>gourmands</i>; and on the continent great pains are
+  taken to procure fat overgrown livers. The methods employed to
+  produce this diseased state of the animals are as disgusting to
+  rational taste as revolting to humanity. The geese are crammed
+  with fat food, deprived of drink, kept in an intolerably hot
+  atmosphere, and fastened by the feet (we have heard of nailing)
+  to the shelves of the fattening cribs. The celebrated
+  <i>Strasburg pies</i>, which are esteemed so great a delicacy
+  that they are often sent as presents to distant places, are
+  enriched with these diseased livers. It is a mistake that these
+  pies are wholly made of this artificial animal substance.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>TURKEY</h3>
+
+  <p>Colonel Rottiers, a recent traveller in Turkey, holds out the
+  following temptation to European enterprise:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>The terrestrial paradise, which is supposed to be situated in
+  Armenia, appeared to M. Rottiers to stretch along the shores of
+  the Black Sea. The green banks, sloping into the water, are
+  sometimes decked with box-trees of uncommon size, sometimes
+  clothed with natural orchards, in which the cherries, pears,
+  pomegranates, and other fruits, growing in their indigenous soil,
+  possess a flavour indescribably exquisite. The bold eminences are
+  crowned with superb forests or majestic ruins, which alternately
+  rule the scenes of this devoted country, from the water's edge to
+  the summit of the mountains. The moral and political condition of
+  the country contrasts forcibly with the flourishing aspect of
+  nature. At Sinope there is no commerce, and the Greeks having, in
+  consequence, deserted the place, the population is at present
+  below 5,000. This city, once the capital of the great
+  Mithridates, enjoys natural advantages, which, but for the
+  barbarism of the Turkish government, would soon raise it into
+  commercial eminence. It has a deep and capacious
+  harbour&mdash;the finest timber in the world grows in its
+  vicinity&mdash;and the district of the interior, with which it
+  immediately communicates, is one of the most productive and
+  industrious in Asiatic Turkey. Amasia, the ancient capital of
+  Cappadocia, Tokat, and Costambol, are rich and populous towns.
+  Near the last is held an annual fair, commencing fifteen days
+  before the feast of Ramadan, and which is said to be attended by
+  at least fifty thousand merchants, from all parts of the east.
+  From the nature of the country in which it is situated, M.
+  Rottiers is disposed to believe that Sinope holds out peculiarly
+  strong inducements to European enterprise. He also had an
+  opportunity of observing, that its defences were gone totally to
+  ruin, and significantly remarks, that it could not possibly
+  withstand a <i>coup de main</i>. Amastra, a great and wealthy
+  city while possessed by the Genoese in the middle ages, is now a
+  wretched village, occupied by a few Turkish families, whose whole
+  industry consists in making a few toys and articles of wooden
+  ware. It stands on a peninsula, which appears to have been
+  formerly an island, and the Isthmus uniting it to the mainland is
+  wholly composed, according to the account of Mr. Eton, who
+  surveyed part of this coast, of fragments of columns and marble
+  friezes.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>GEORGIAN WINE.</h3>
+
+  <p>The chief production of Georgia is wine, which is of excellent
+  quality, and so abundant in the countries situated <span class=
+  "pagenum"><a id="page223" name="page223"></a>[pg 223]</span>
+  between the Caspian and the Black Seas, that it would soon become
+  a most important object of exportation, if the people could be
+  induced to improve their methods of making and preserving it. At
+  present the grapes are gathered and pressed without any care, and
+  the process of fermentation is so unskilfully managed, that the
+  wine rarely keeps till the following vintage. The skins of
+  animals are the vessels in which it is kept. The hair is turned
+  inwards, and the interior of the bag is thickly besmeared with
+  asphaltum or mineral tar, which renders the vessel indeed
+  perfectly sound, but imparts an abominable flavour to the wine,
+  and even adds to its acescence. The Georgians have not yet
+  learned to keep their wine in casks, without which it is vain to
+  look for any improvements in its manufacture. Yet the mountains
+  abound in the requisite materials, and only a few coopers are
+  requisite to make the commencement. The consumption of wine in
+  Georgia, and above all at Tiflis, is prodigiously great. From the
+  prince to the peasant the ordinary ration of a Georgian, if we
+  may believe M. Gamba, is one <i>tonque</i>, (equal to five
+  bottles and a half of Bordeaux) per day. A <i>tonque</i> of the
+  best wine, such as is drunk by persons of rank, costs about
+  twenty sous; the inferior wines are sold for less than a sous per
+  bottle.&mdash;<i>Foreign Quar. Rev</i>.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>HISTORICAL FIDELITY.</h3>
+
+  <p>The court historiographer of the Burmese, has recorded in the
+  national chronicle his account of the war with the English to the
+  following purport: &mdash;"In the years 1186 and 87, the
+  Kula-pyu, or white strangers of the west, fastened a quarrel upon
+  the Lord of the Golden Palace. They landed at Rangoon, took that
+  place and Prome, and were permitted to advance as far as Yandabo;
+  for the king, from motives of piety and regard to life, made no
+  effort whatever to oppose them. The strangers had spent vast sums
+  of money in their enterprise; and by the time they reached
+  Yandabo, their resources were exhausted, and they were in great
+  distress. They petitioned the king, who, in his clemency and
+  generosity, sent them large sums of money to pay their expenses
+  back, and ordered them out of the country."&mdash; <i>Crawfurd's
+  Embassy to Ava.</i></p>
+
+  <p>To quote a vulgar proverb, this is making the best of a bad
+  job.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>DRESS.</h3>
+
+  <p>How far a man's clothes are or are not a part of himself, is
+  more than I would take on myself to decide, without farther
+  inquiry; though I lean altogether to the affirmative. The
+  inhabitants of the South Sea Islands were astonished and alarmed
+  when they, first saw the Europeans strip. Yet they would have
+  been much more so, could they have entered into the notions
+  prevalent in the civilized world on the subject of a wardrobe;
+  could they have understood how much virtue lies inherent in a
+  superfine broad cloth, how much respectability in a gilt button,
+  how much sense in the tie of a cravat, how much amiability in the
+  cut of a sleeve, how much merit of every sort in a Stultz and a
+  Hoby. There are who pretend, and that with some plausibilty, that
+  these things are but typical; that taste in dress is but the
+  outward and visible sign of the frequentation of good company;
+  and that propriety of exterior is but evidence of a general sense
+  of the fitness of things. Yet if this were really the case, if
+  there were nothing intrinsic in the relation of the clothes to
+  the wearer, how could a good coat at once render a pickpocket
+  respectable; or a clean shirt pass current, as it does, with
+  police magistrates for a clean conscience. In England, a handsome
+  <i>toggery</i> is a better defensive armour, than "helm and
+  hauberk's twisted mail." While the seams are perfect, and the
+  elbows do not appear through the cloth, the law cannot penetrate
+  it. A gentleman, (that is to say, a man who can pay his tailor's
+  bill,) is above suspicion; and benefit of clergy is nothing to
+  the privilege and virtue of a handsome exterior. That the skin is
+  nearer than the shirt, is a most false and mistaken idea. The
+  smoothest skin in Christendom would not weigh with a jury like a
+  cambric ruffle; and moreover, there is not a poor devil in town
+  striving to keep up appearances in spite of fortune, who would
+  not far rather tear his flesh than his unmentionables; which can
+  only arise from their being so much more important a part of
+  himself.&mdash;<i>New Monthly Magazine</i>.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <p>The French have a kind of irritable jealousy towards the
+  English, which makes them forget their general politeness. Give
+  them but a civil word, make the least advance, and they receive
+  you with open arms; but show them that cold reserve with which an
+  Englishman generally treats all strangers, and every Frenchman's
+  hand is on his sword.&mdash;<i>New Monthly Magazine</i>.</p>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page224" name="page224"></a>[pg
+  224]</span></p>
+
+  <h2>THE GATHERER.</h2>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.</p>
+
+      <p>SHAKSPEARE.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>JACK SHEPPARD.</h3>
+
+  <p>When this notorious felon was under sentence of death, the
+  Right Hon. Charles Wolfran Cornwall, then Speaker of the House of
+  Commons, was strongly solicited to apply to his majesty for a
+  pardon, as he was related to him. "No," said Mr. Cornwall, "I
+  should deserve public censure if I attempted to contribute to the
+  prolongation of the life of a man who has so frequently been a
+  nuisance to society, and has given so many proofs that kindness
+  to him would be cruelty to others. Were my own son to offend
+  one-tenth part so often as he has done, I should think it my duty
+  rather to solicit his punishment than his pardon."</p>
+
+  <p>C.C.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>EPITAPH</h3>
+
+  <p><i>On S&mdash;&mdash; E&mdash;&mdash;, an intelligent and
+  amiable boy, who was unfortunately drowned while bathing</i>.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Though gentle as a dove, his soul sublime,</p>
+
+      <p>For heav'n impatient, would not wait for time;</p>
+
+      <p>Ere youth had bloom'd his virtues ripe were seen,</p>
+
+      <p>A man in intellect! a child in mien!</p>
+
+      <p>A hallow'd wave from mercy's fount was pour'd,</p>
+
+      <p>And, wash'd from clay, to bliss his spirit soar'd.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>A HOLY HERMIT.</h3>
+
+  <p>A hermit, named Parnhe, being upon the road to meet his bishop
+  who had sent for him, met a lady most magnificently dressed,
+  whose incomparable beauty drew the eyes of every body on her. The
+  saint having looked at her, and being himself struck with
+  astonishment, immediately burst into tears. Those who were with
+  him wondering to see him weep, demanded the cause of his grief.
+  "I have two reasons," replied he, "for my tears; I weep to think
+  how fatal an impression that woman makes on all who behold her;
+  and I am touched with sorrow when I reflect that I, for my
+  salvation, and to please God, have never taken one-tenth part of
+  the pains which this woman has taken to please men alone."</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>BUNGLING TRANSLATION.</h3>
+
+  <p>At a country village in Yorkshire, was an old established
+  cobbler, who cracked his joke, loved his pipe and lived happy. In
+  short, he was a sober and industrious man. His quiet, however,
+  was disturbed by an unexpected opposition in his trade, at the
+  same village, and to add to his misfortune, the new comer
+  established himself directly opposite to the old cobbler's stall,
+  and at the same time to show his learning and probity, painted in
+  large letters over his door, "<i>Mens conscia recti</i>." To
+  conceive the meaning of this, the poor cobbler laboured night and
+  day, but unsuccessfully; he at last determined that this
+  "<i>consciarecti</i>" was a new sort of shoe made for men's use;
+  he therefore painted over his door, "<i>Men's and Women's
+  consciarecti</i>," where it remains still.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <p>A schoolboy reading Cassar's "Commentaries" came to translate
+  the following passage thus: "Caesar venit in Gallia summa
+  diligentia." "Caesar came into Gaul on the top of the
+  Diligence."</p>
+
+  <p>O.O.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>VERY BAD.</h3>
+
+  <p>A wag, who "will be the death of us," says he bought a cake
+  the other evening:&mdash;"It is <i>thundering</i> weight,"
+  observed the baker: "I hope it will not <i>lighten</i> before I
+  get it home," was the equivocal reply.</p>
+
+  <p>Q.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>IMPROMPTU</h3>
+
+  <p>On hearing a <i>Watchman</i> cry the hour on Tuesday morning,
+  September 29, the last of his duty.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>"Farewell! mine occupation's gone,"</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">He sung in "half-past five;"</p>
+
+      <p>Here ends his call, his beat is done,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">How then can he survive.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>TOM.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3><i>LIMBIRD'S EDITIONS</i>.</h3>
+
+  <p>CHEAP and POPULAR WORKS published at the MIRROR OFFICE in the
+  Strand, near Somerset House.</p>
+
+  <p>The ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS, Embellished with nearly
+  150 Engravings. In 6 Parts, 1s. each.</p>
+
+  <p>The TALES of the GENII. 4 Parts, 6d. each.</p>
+
+  <p>The MICROCOSM. By the Right Hon. G. CANNING. &amp;c. 4 Parts,
+  6d. each.</p>
+
+  <p>PLUTARCH'S LIVES, with Fifty Portraits, 12 Parts, 1s.
+  each.</p>
+
+  <p>COWPER'S POEMS, with 12 Engravings, 12 Numbers, 3d. each.</p>
+
+  <p>COOK'S VOYAGES, 28 Numbers, 3d. each.</p>
+
+  <p>The CABINET of CURIOSITIES: or, WONDERS of the WORLD
+  DISPLAYED. 27 Nos. 2d. each.</p>
+
+  <p>BEAUTIES of SCOTT, 36 Numbers, 3d. each.</p>
+
+  <p>The ARCANA of SCIENCE for 1828. Price 4s. 6d.</p>
+
+  <p>GOLDSMITH'S ESSAYS. Price 8d.</p>
+
+  <p>DR. FRANKLIN'S ESSAYS. Price 1s. 2d.</p>
+
+  <p>BACON'S ESSAYS Price 8d.</p>
+
+  <p>SALMAGUNDI. Price 1s. 8d.</p>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <blockquote class="footnote">
+    <a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a> <b>Footnote 1</b>:
+    <a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+
+    <p>At the end of Dorset-street, now communicating with
+    Fleet-street, through Salisbury-square and Salisbury-court.</p>
+  </blockquote>
+
+  <blockquote class="footnote">
+    <a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a> <b>Footnote 2</b>:
+    <a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+
+    <p>The <i>Globe</i>, the <i>Rose</i>, and the <i>Swan</i>, were
+    on Baukside; besides which there were, either then or after,
+    six other theatres on the Middlesex bank of the Thames.</p>
+  </blockquote>
+
+  <blockquote class="footnote">
+    <a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a> <b>Footnote 3</b>:
+    <a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+
+    <p>We may add that still fewer have seen the characteristic
+    whole-length portrait of "<i>Harry</i>," <i>the waiter</i>,
+    which has been placed over the fireplace, by subscription among
+    the frequenters of the room. <i>Wageman</i> is the painter, and
+    nothing can describe the <i>bonhommie</i> of Harry, who has
+    just drawn the cork of a pint of port, exulting in all the
+    vainglory of crust and bees' wing.&mdash;ED. MIRROR.</p>
+  </blockquote>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11456 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #11456 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11456)
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume 14, No. 392, Saturday, October 3, 1829.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 5, 2004 [EBook #11456]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 392 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Andy Schmitt, David Garcia and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XIV, NO. 392.] SATURDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1829. [PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+
+The Duke's Theatre, Dorset Gardens.
+
+
+[Illustration: The Duke's Theatre, Dorset Gardens.]
+
+
+The above theatre was erected in the year 1671, about a century after the
+regular establishment of theatres in England. It rose in what may be
+called the brazen age of the Drama, when the prosecutions of the Puritans
+had just ceased, and legitimacy and licentiousness danced into the theatre
+hand in hand. At the Restoration, the few players who had not fallen in
+the wars or died of poverty, assembled under the banner of Sir William
+Davenant, at the Red Bull Theatre. Rhodes, a bookseller, at the same time,
+fitted up the Cockpit in Drury Lane, where he formed a company of entirely
+new performers. This was in 1659, when Rhodes's two apprentices, Betterton
+and Kynaston, were the stars. These companies afterwards united, and were
+called the Duke's Company. About the same time, Killigrew, that eternal
+caterer for good things, collected together a few of the old actors who
+were honoured with the title of the "King's Company," or "His Majesty's
+Servants," which distinction is preserved by the Drury Lane Company, to
+the present day, and is inherited from Killigrew, who built and opened
+the first theatre in Drury Lane, in 1663. In 1662, Sir William Davenant
+obtained a patent for building "the Duke's Theatre," in Little Lincoln's
+Inn Fields, which he opened with the play of "the Siege of Rhodes,"
+written by himself. The above company performed here till 1671, when
+another "Duke's Theatre." was built in Dorset Gardens,[1] by Sir
+Christopher Wren, in a similar style of architecture to that in Lincoln's
+Inn Fields. The company removed thither, November 9, in the same year, and
+continued performing till the union of the Duke and the King's Companies,
+in 1682; and performances were continued occasionally here until 1697. The
+building was demolished about April, 1709, and the site is now occupied by
+the works of a Gas Light Company.
+
+
+    [1] At the end of Dorset-street, now communicating with Fleet-street,
+        through Salisbury-square and Salisbury-court.
+
+
+The Duke's Theatre, as the engraving shows, had a handsome front towards
+the river, with a landing-place for visiters by water, a fashion which
+prevailed in the early age of the Drama, if we may credit the assertion of
+Taylor, the water poet, that about the year 1596, the number of watermen
+maintained by conveying persons to the theatres on the banks of the
+Thames, was not less than 40,000, showing a love of the drama at that
+early period which is very extraordinary.[2] All we have left of this
+aquatic rage is a solitary boat now and then skimming and scraping to
+Vauxhall Gardens.
+
+
+    [2] The _Globe_, the _Rose_, and the _Swan_, were on Baukside;
+        besides which there were, either then or after, six other
+        theatres on the Middlesex bank of the Thames.
+
+
+The upper part of the front will be admired for its characteristic taste;
+as the figures of Comedy and Tragedy surmounting the balustrade, the
+emblematic flame, and the wreathed arms of the founder.
+
+Operas were first introduced on the English stage, at Dorset Gardens, in
+1673, with "expensive scenery;" and in Lord Orrery's play of Henry V.,
+performed here in the year previous, the actors, Harris, Betterton, and
+Smith, wore the coronation suits of the Duke of York, King Charles, and
+Lord Oxford.
+
+The names of Betterton and Kynaston bespeak the importance of the Duke's
+Theatre. Cibber calls Betterton "an actor, as Shakspeare was an author,
+both without competitors;" in his performance of _Hamlet_, he profited by
+the instructions of Sir William Davenant, who embodied his recollections
+of Joseph Taylor, instructed by SHAKSPEARE to play the character! What
+a delightful association--to see Hamlet represented in the true vein in
+which the sublime author conceived it! Kynaston's celebrity was of a more
+equivocal description. He played _Juliet_ to Betterton's _Romeo_, and was
+the Siddons of his day; for women did not generally appear on the stage
+till after the Restoration. The anecdote of Charles II. waiting at the
+theatre for the stage _queen_ to be _shaved_ is well known.
+
+Pepys speaks of Harris, in his interesting _Diary_ as "growing very proud,
+and demanding 20_l_. for himself extraordinary more than Betterton, or
+any body else, upon every new play, and 10_l_. upon every revive; which,
+with other things, Sir William Davenant would not give him, and so he
+swore he would never act there more, in expectation of his being received
+in the other house;" (this was in 1663, at the Duke's Theatre in Lincoln's
+Inn Fields.) "He tells me that the fellow grew very proud of late, the
+King and every body else crying him up so high," &c. Poor Sir William, he
+must have been as much worried and vexed as Mr. Ebers with the Operatics,
+or any Covent Garden manager, in our time; whose days and nights are not
+very serene, although passed among the _stars_,
+
+In one of Pepys's notices of Hart, he tells us "It pleased us mightily
+to see the natural affection of a poor woman, the mother of one of the
+children brought upon the stage; the child crying, she, by force, got upon
+the stage, and took up her child, and carried it away off the stage from
+Hart." This pleasant playgoer likewise says, in 1667-8, "when I began
+first to be able to bestow a play on myself, I do not remember that I saw
+so many by half of the ordinary prentices and mean people in the pit at
+2_s_. 6_d_. a-piece as now; I going for several years no higher than the
+12_d_. and then the 18_d_. places, though I strained hard to go in then
+when I did; so much the vanity and prodigality of the age is to be
+observed in this particular."
+
+It may be at this moment interesting to mention that the first Covent
+Garden Theatre was opened under the patent granted to Sir William Davenant
+for the Dorset Gardens and Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatres. We must also
+acknowledge our obligation for the preceding notes to the _Companion to
+the Theatres_, a pretty little work which we noticed _en passant_ when
+published, and which we now seasonably recommend to the notice of our
+readers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FOUR SONNETS.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+SPRING.
+
+
+  Season of sighs perfumed, and maiden flowers,
+    Young Beauty's birthday, cradled in delight
+  And kept by muses in the blushing bowers
+    Where snow-drops spring most delicately white!
+  Oh it is luxury to minds that feel
+    Now to prove truants to the giddy world,
+  Calmly to watch the dewy tints that steal
+    O'er opening roses--'till in smiles unfurled
+  Their fresh-made petals silently unfold.
+    Or mark the springing grass--or gaze upon
+  Primeval morning till the hues of gold
+    Blaze forth and centre in the glorious sun!
+  Whose gentler beams exhale the tears of night,
+  And bid each grateful tongue deep melodies indite.
+
+
+SUMMER.
+
+
+  Now is thy fragrant garland made complete,
+    Maturing year! but as its many dyes
+  Mingle in rainbow hues divinely sweet,
+    They fade and fleet in unobserved sighs!
+  Yet now all fresh and fair, how dear thou art,
+    Just born to breathe and perish! touched by heaven,
+  From lifeless Winter to a beating heart,
+    From scathing blasts to Summer's balmy even!
+  Methinks some angel from the bowers of bliss,
+    In May descended, scattering blossoms round,
+  Embraced each opening flower, bestowed a kiss,
+    And woke the notes of harmony profound;
+  But ere July had waned, alas, she fled,
+  Took back to heaven the flowers, and left the falling leaves instead.
+
+
+AUTUMN.
+
+
+  Field flowers and breathing minstrelsy, farewell!
+    The rose is colourless and withering fast,
+  Sweet Philomel her song forgets to swell,
+    And Summer's rich variety is past!
+  The sear leaves wander, and the hoar of age
+    Gathers her trophy for the dying year,
+  And following in her noiseless pilgrimage,
+    Waters her couch with many a pearly tear.
+  Yet there is one unchanging friend who stays
+    To cheer the passage into Winter's gloom--
+  The redbreast chants his solitary lays,
+    A simple requiem over Nature's tomb,
+  So, when the Spring of life shall end with me,
+  God of my Fathers! may I find a changeless Friend in thee!
+
+
+WINTER.
+
+
+  The trees are leafless, and the hollow blast
+    Sings a shrill anthem to the bitter gloom,
+  The lately smiling pastures are a waste,
+    While beauty generates in Nature's womb;
+  The frowning clouds are charged with fleecy snow,
+    And storm and tempest bear a rival sway;
+  Soft gurgling rivulets have ceased to flow,
+    And beauty's garlands wither in decay:
+  Yet look but heavenward! beautiful and young
+    In life and lustre see the stars of night
+  Untouch'd by time through ages roll along,
+    And clear as when at first they burst to light.
+  And then look from the stars where heaven appears
+  Clad in the fertile Spring of everlasting years!
+
+BENJAMIN GOUGH.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EXERCISE, AIR, AND SLEEP.
+
+(_Abridged from Mr. Richards's "Treatise on Nervous Disorders."_)
+
+
+The generality of people are well aware of the vast importance of exercise;
+but few are acquainted with its _modus operandi_, and few avail
+themselves so fully as they might of its extensive benefits. The function
+of respiration, which endues the blood with its vivifying principle, is
+very much influenced by exercise; for our Omniscient Creator has given to
+our lungs the same faculty of imbibing nutriment from various kinds of
+air, as He has given to the stomach the power of extracting nourishment
+from different kinds of aliment; and as the healthy functions of the
+stomach depend upon the due performance of certain chemical and mechanical
+actions, so do the functions of the lungs depend upon the due performance
+of proper exercise.
+
+Man being an animal destined for an active and useful life, Providence has
+ordained that sloth shall bring with it its own punishment. He who passes
+nearly the whole of his life in the open air, inhaling a salubrious
+atmosphere, enjoys health and vigour of body with tranquillity of mind,
+and dies at the utmost limit allotted to mortality. He, on the contrary,
+who leads an indolent or sedentary life, combining with it excessive
+mental exertion, is a martyr to a train of nervous symptoms, which are
+extremely annoying. Man was not created for a sedentary or slothful life;
+but all his organs and attributes are calculated for an existence of
+activity and industry. If therefore we would insure health and comfort,
+we must make exercise--to use Dr. Cheyne's expression--a part of our
+religion. But this exercise should be _in the open air_, and in such
+places as are most free from smoke, or any noxious exhalations; where, in
+fact, the air circulates freely, purely, and abundantly. I am continually
+told by persons that they take a great deal of exercise, being constantly
+on their feet from morning till night; but, upon inquiry, it happens, that
+this exercise is not in the open air, but in a crowded apartment, perhaps,
+as in a public office, a manufactory, or at a dress maker's, where twenty
+or thirty young girls are crammed together from nine o'clock in the
+morning till nine at night, or, what is nearly as pernicious, in a house
+but thinly inhabited. Exercise this cannot be called; it is the worst
+species of labour, entailing upon its victims numerous evils. Good air
+is as essential as wholesome food; for the air, by coming into immediate
+contact with the blood, enters at once into the constitution. If therefore
+the air be bad, every part of the body, whether near the heart or far from
+it, must participate in the evil which is produced.
+
+It is on this account that exercise _in the open air_ is so materially
+beneficial to digestion. If the blood be not properly prepared by the
+action of good air, how can the arteries of the stomach secrete good
+gastric juice? Then, we have a mechanical effect besides. By exercise the
+circulation of the blood is rendered more energetic and regular. Every
+artery, muscle, and gland is excited into action, and the work of
+existence goes on with spirit. The muscles press the blood-vessels, and
+squeeze the glands, so that none of them can be idle; so that, in short,
+every organ thus influenced must be in action. The consequence of all this
+is, that every function is well performed. The stomach digests readily,
+the liver pours out its bile freely, the bowels act regularly, and much
+superfluous heat is thrown out by perspiration. These are all very
+important operations, and in proportion to the perfection with which they
+are performed will be the health and comfort of the individual.
+
+There is another process accomplished by exercise, which more immediately
+concerns the nervous system. "Many people," says Mr. Abernethy, "who are
+extremely irritable and hypochondriacal, and are constantly obliged to
+take medicines to regulate their bowels while they live an inactive life,
+no longer suffer from nervous irritation, or require aperient medicines
+when they use exercise to a degree that would be excessive in ordinary
+constitutions." This leads us to infer that the superfluous energy of
+the nerves is exhausted by the exercise of the body, and that as the
+abstraction of blood mitigates inflammations, in like manner does the
+abstraction of nervous irritability restore tranquillity to the system.
+This of course applies only to a state of high nervous irritation; but
+exercise is equally beneficial when the constitution is much weakened, by
+producing throughout the whole frame that energetic action which has been
+already explained.
+
+A debilitated frame ought never to take so much exercise as to cause
+fatigue, neither ought exercise to be taken immediately _before_ nor
+immediately _after_ a full meal. Mr. Abernethy's prescription is a very
+good one--to rise early and use active exercise _in the open air_, till a
+slight degree of fatigue be felt; then to rest one hour, and breakfast.
+After this rest three hours, "in order that the energies of the
+constitution may be concentrated in the work of digestion;" then take
+active exercise again for two hours, rest one, and then dine. After dinner
+rest for three hours; and afterwards, in summer, take a gentle stroll,
+which, with an hour's rest before supper, will constitute the plan of
+exercise for the day. In wet or inclement weather, the exercise may be
+taken in the house, the windows being opened, "by walking actively
+backwards and forwards, as sailors do on ship-board."
+
+We now come to the consideration of _air_. Pure air is as necessary to
+existence as good and wholesome food; perhaps more so; for our food has to
+undergo a very elaborate change before it is introduced into the mass of
+circulating blood, while the air is received at once into the lungs, and
+comes into immediate contact with the blood in that important organ. The
+effect of the air upon the blood is this: by thrusting out as it were, all
+the noxious properties which it has collected in its passage through the
+body, it endues it with the peculiar property of vitality, that is, it
+enables it to build up, repair, and excite the different functions and
+organs of the body. If therefore this air, which we inhale every instant,
+be not pure, the whole mass of blood is very soon contaminated, and the
+frame, in some part or other speedily experiences the bad effects. This
+will explain to us the almost miraculous benefits which are obtained by
+_change of air_, as well as the decided advantages of a free and copious
+ventilation. The prejudices against a free circulation of air, especially
+in the sick chamber, are productive of great evil. The rule as regards
+this is plain and simple: admit as much fresh air as you can; provided it
+does not _blow in_ upon you _in a stream_, and provided you are not in a
+state of profuse perspiration at the time; for in accordance with the
+Spanish proverb--
+
+
+  "If the wind blows on you through a hole
+  Make your will, and take care of your soul."
+
+
+but if the _whole of the body be exposed at once_ to a cold atmosphere,
+no bad consequences need be anticipated.
+
+A great deal has been said about the necessary quantity of _sleep;_ that
+is, how long one ought to indulge in sleeping. This question, like many
+others, cannot be reduced to mathematical precision; for much must depend
+upon habit, constitution, and the nature and duration of our occupations.
+A person in good health, whose mental and physical occupations are not
+particularly laborious, will find seven or eight hours' sleep quite
+sufficient to refresh his frame. Those whose constitutions are
+debilitated, or whose occupations are studious or laborious, require
+rather more; but the best rule in all eases is to sleep till you are
+refreshed, and then get up. If you feel inclined for a snug nap after
+dinner, indulge in it; but do not let it exceed _half an hour;_ if you do,
+you will be dull and uncomfortable afterwards, instead of brisk and
+lively.
+
+In sleeping, as in eating and drinking, we must consult our habits and
+feelings, which are excellent monitors. What says the poet?--
+
+  "Preach not to me your musty rules,
+    Ye drones, that mused in idle cell,
+  The heart is wiser than the schools,
+    The senses always reason well."
+
+One particular recommendation I would propose in concluding this subject,
+from the observance of which much benefit has been derived--it is to sleep
+in a room as large and as airy as possible, and in a bed but little
+encumbered with curtains. The lungs must respire during sleep, as well as
+at any other time; and it is of great consequence that the air should be
+as pure as possible. In summer curtains should not be used at all, and in
+winter we should do well without them. In summer every wise man, who can
+afford it, will sleep out of town--at any of the villages which are
+removed sufficiently from the smoke and impurities of this overgrown
+metropolis.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE NOVELIST.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+AN INCIDENT AT FONDI.
+
+  "Away--three cheers--on we go."
+
+
+The morning was delightful; neither Corregio, nor Claude, with all their
+magic of conception could have made it lovelier. The heaven expanded like
+an azure sea--and the dimpling clouds of gold were its Elysian isles--not
+unlike the splendid images we are apt to admire in the poems of _Petrarch_
+and _Alamanni_. The music of the birds kept time to the sound of the
+postilions' whips--the streams sung a fairy legend, and the merry woods,
+touched with the brilliant glow of an Italian sun, breathed into the air
+a delicious sonata. Such a morning as this was formed for something
+memorable! The Grand Diavolo and his bravest ruffians awaited the
+travellers' approach.
+
+The carriage had pursued the direction of the path at a speed unequalled
+in the annals of the postilions; but the termination of the dell did not
+appear. Huge impending cliffs with their crown of trees imparted a shadowy
+depth to the solitude, which the travellers did not seem to relish.
+
+"How cursed inconvenient is this dell with its frightful woods," said the
+baronet to his smiling daughter, "one might as well be sequestered in
+Dante's Inferno. Look at those awful rocks--my mind misgives me as I view
+them. Sure there are no brigands concealed hereabout!"
+
+"Hope not, Pa'," replied the graceful Rosalia; but the last word had
+scarcely died on her lips, ere a discharge of shot was heard. The baronet
+opened his carriage door, and leaped on the ground.
+
+"Hollo! John, Tom, pistols here, my lads, a pretty rencontre this! Stand
+by Rosalia, my own self and purse I don't value a grout, but stand the
+brunt, lads; here they come--oh, that I had met them at Waterloo!"
+
+This attack perplexed the thoughts of the poor baronet. He regarded it as
+a romance in which he was to become the hero. But his present situation
+did not allow him the fascination of a dream. The brigands advanced from
+their concealment, and their chief, who seemed a most pleasant and polite
+scoundrel, commanded his men to inspect the luggage of the travellers.
+
+"Humph! and is that all?" growled the baronet.
+
+"I want a thousand crowns," said the chief, in a gentle tone, "you may
+then proceed."
+
+"Humph! and won't five hundred do?"
+
+"I insist!" returned the brigand, placing his hand on his sword!
+
+This menace was enough. It produced an awful consternation in the
+countenance of the Englishman. He, dear man, felt his heart quake within
+him, as he paid the brigand his enormous demand. But a second trial was
+reserved for him--he turned to his carriage--his daughter was not there!
+where could she be? He heard a laugh, and on raising his head, saw the
+identical object of his care! She waved her delicate white handkerchief
+from the steeps above, while an Italian officer stood beside her laughing
+with all his might. The suspicions of the father were realized. He was the
+tall intriguing scamp who had charmed the eyes of Rosalia at the inn!
+
+Away ran the sire, but the guilty pair seemed to fly with the wings of
+love attached to their heels; up the steep he clambered, scaring all the
+birds from their solitudes; still the lovers kept on before; they passed
+the bridge of Laino; the infuriated sire pursued; spire, tree, castle,
+church, stream; and in short the most beautiful features of the landscape
+appeared in the chase, but the fugitives did not stop to survey them. Away
+they pressed down the sunny slope, through the glen, along the margin of
+the Casparanna, swifter to the eye of the agonized parent than Jehu's
+chariot-wheels. Now they flag--they sit down amid the ruins of yonder old
+chapel--he will reach them now; alas! how vain are the calculations of
+man! In leaping across the Cathanna Mare, he received a shot in his arm;
+the cursed Italian had fired at him, and he fell, like a wounded bird into
+the stream!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Dear pa', how you kick one!" exclaimed the beauteous little daughter of
+the Englishman; "surely you have had a troublesome dream." "Dream! let me
+see," said the baronet, rubbing his eyes; "then I'm not drowned, and we
+are again at Albano, are we, and this is our merry host, and thank God,
+Rosalia, you are safe, and I must kiss you, my sweet girl." This was a
+pleasant scene!
+
+R. AUGUSTINE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TIME.
+
+IN IMITATION OF THE OLDEN POETS.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+      Time is a taper waning fast!
+      Use it, man, well whilst it doth last:
+  Lest burning downwards it consume away,
+  Before thou hast commenced the labour of the day.
+
+      Time is a pardon of a goodly soil!
+      Plenty shall crown thine honest toil:
+  But if uncultivated, rankest weeds
+  Shall choke the efforts of the rising seeds.
+
+      Time is a leasehold of uncertain date!
+      Granted to thee by everlasting fate.
+  Neglect not thou, ere thy short term expire,
+  To save thy soul from ever-burning fire.
+
+LEAR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SEPULCHRAL ENIGMA.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+
+The following Sepulchral Enigma against Pride, is engraved on a stone, in
+the Cathedral Church of Hamburgh:
+
+  "O, Mors, cur, Deus, negat, vitam,
+  be, se, bis, nos, his, nam."
+
+
+CANON.
+
+
+  Ordine daprimam mediae? mediamqz sequenti,
+    Debita sic nosces fala, superbe, tibi.
+  Quid mortalis homo jactas tot quidve superbis?
+    Cras forsan fies, pulvis et umbra levis,
+  Quid tibi opes prosunt? Quid nuuc tibi magna potesias?
+    Quidve honor? Ant praestans quid tibi forma? Nihil.
+  Vide _Variorum in Europa itinerum deliciae, &c.
+      Nathane Chitreo, Editio Secunda_, 1599.
+
+
+The above inscription and Canon are from a very scarce book, _me penes_;
+if they are deemed worthy of a place in your entertaining miscellany,
+and no solution or English version should be offered to your notice for
+insertion, I will avail myself of your permission to send one for your
+approval.
+
+Your's, &c. [Greek: S.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE VINE--A FRAGMENT.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+  See o'er the wall, the white-leav'd cluster-vine
+  Shoots its redundant tendrils; and doth seem,
+  Like the untam'd enthusiast's glowing heart,
+  Ready to clasp, with an abundant love,
+  All nature in its arms!
+
+C. COLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE COSMOPOLITE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ON LIBERTY.
+
+
+  "I don't hate the world, but I laugh at it;
+  for none but fools can be in earnest about a trifle."
+
+
+So says Gay of the world, in one of his letters to Swift, and we have
+adapted the quotation to our idea of liberty. True it is that Addison
+apostrophizes liberty as a
+
+
+  Goddess, heavenly bright!
+
+
+but we hope our laughter will not be considered as indecorous or
+profane. Our great essayist has exalted her into a Deity, and invested
+her with a mythological charm, which makes us doubt her existence; so
+that to laugh at her can be no more irreverend than to sneer at the
+belief in apparitions, a joke which is very generally enjoyed in these
+good days of spick-and-span philosophy. Whether Liberty ever existed
+or not, is to us a matter of little import, since it is certain that
+she belongs to the grand hoax which is the whole scheme of life. The
+extension of liberty into concerns of every-day life is therefore
+reasonable enough, and to prove that we are happy in possessing this
+ideal blessing, seems to have been the aim of all who have written on
+the subject. One, however, if we remember right, sets the matter in a
+grave light, when he says to man--
+
+
+  Since thy original lapse, true liberty
+  Is lost.
+
+
+He who loves to scatter crumbs of comfort in these starving times, will
+not despair at this sublime truth, but will seek to cherish the love of
+liberty, or the consolation for the loss of it wherever he goes.
+
+The reader need not be told that we are friends to the spread of liberty:
+indeed, we think she may "triumph over time, clip his wings, pare his
+nails, file his teeth, turn back his hour-glass, blunt his scythe, and
+draw the hobnails out of his shoes;" but to show how this may be done, we
+must run over a few varieties of liberty for the benefit of such as do not
+enjoy the inestimable blessings of being _free and easy_: we quote these
+words, vulgar as they are; for, of all words in our vernacular tongue,
+to express comfort and security from ill, commend us to the expletive of
+_free and easy_. We had rather not meddle with civil or religious liberty:
+they are as combustible as the Cotopaxi, or the new governments, of South
+America; and our attempts at reformation do not extend beyond paper and
+print, which the unamused reader may burn or not, as he pleases without
+searing his own conscience or exciting our revenge. To be sure, a few of
+our examples may border on civil liberty; but we shall not seek to find
+parallels for the Ptolemaian cages, or the Tower of Famine, in our times;
+neither shall we feast upon the horrors of the French Revolution, nor the
+last polite reception of the Russians by headless Turks; notwithstanding
+all these examples would bear us out in our idea of the love of liberty,
+and the evils of the loss of it.
+
+Kings often want liberty, even amidst the multitude of their luxuries.
+They are not unfrequently the veriest slaves at court, and liege and loyal
+as we are, we seldom hear of a king eating, drinking, and sleeping as
+other people do, without envying him so happy an interval from the cares
+of state, and the painted pomp of palaces. This it is that makes the
+domestic habits of kings so interesting to every one; and many a time have
+we crossed field after field to catch a glimpse of royalty, in a plain
+green chariot on the Brighton road, when we would not have put our heads
+out of window to see a procession to the House of Lords. Some kings have
+even gone so far in their love of plain life as to drop the king, which is
+a very pleasant sort of unkingship. Frederick the Great, at one of his
+literary entertainments adopted this plan to promote free conversation,
+when he reminded the circle that there was no monarch present, and that
+every one might think aloud. The conversation soon turned upon the faults
+of different governments and rulers, and general censures were passing
+from mouth to mouth pretty freely, when Frederick suddenly stayed the
+topic, by saying, "Peace, peace, gentlemen, have a care, the king is
+coming; it may be as well if he does not hear you, lest he should be
+obliged to be still worse than you." Our Second Charles was very fond of
+liberty, and of dropping the king, or as some writers say, he never took
+the office up: this was for another purpose, in times when
+
+
+  License they mean when they cry liberty.
+
+
+Voluntarily parting with one's liberty is, however, very different to
+having it taken from us, as in the anecdote of the citizen who never
+having been out of his native place during his lifetime, was, for some
+offence, sentenced to stay within the walls a whole year; when he died
+of grief not long afterwards.
+
+State imprisonment is like a set of silken fetters for kings and other
+great people. Thus, almost all our palaces have been used as prisons,
+according to the caprice of the monarch, or the violence of the uppermost
+faction. Shakspeare, in his historical plays, gives us many pictures of
+royal and noble suffering from the loss of liberty. One of the latter,
+with a beautiful antidote, is the address of Gaunt to Bolingbroke, after
+his banishment by Richard II.:--
+
+
+  All places that the eye of heaven visits,
+  Are to a wise man ports, and happy havens:
+  Teach thy necessity to reason thus:
+  There is no virtue like necessity.
+  Think not, the king did banish thee;
+  But thou the king: woe doth heavier sit,
+  Where it perceives it is but faintly borne.
+  Go, say--I sent thee forth to purchase honour,
+  And not--the king exiled thee: or suppose,
+  Devouring pestilence hangs in our air,
+  And thou art flying to a fresher clime.
+  Look, what thy soul holds dear, imagine it
+  To lie that way thou go'st, not whence thou comest:
+  Suppose the singing birds musicians;
+  The grass whereon thou tread'st, the presence strew'd;
+  The flowers, fair ladies; and thy steps, no more
+  Than a delightful measure, or a dance;
+  For gnarling sorrow hath less power to bite
+  The man that mocks at it, and sets it light.
+
+
+Even Napoleon, whose wounds were almost green at his death, sought to
+chase away the recollections of his ill-starred splendour, by rides and
+walks in the island, and conversation with his suite in his garden; and
+Louis XVIII. after his restoration to the throne of France, passed few
+such happy days as his exile at Hartwell, which though only a pleasant
+seat enough, had more comfort than the gilded saloons of Versailles, or
+the hurly-burly of the Tuilleries, with treason hatching in the street
+beneath the windows, and revolution stinking in the very nostrils of the
+court. Shakspeare might well call a crown a
+
+
+  Polished perturbation! golden care!
+
+
+and add--
+
+                  O majesty!
+  When thou dost pinch thy bearer, thou dost sit
+  Like a rich armour worn in heat of day,
+  That scalds with safety.
+
+Goldsmith has somewhat sarcastically lamented that the appetites of the
+rich do not increase with their wealth; in like manner, it would be a
+grievous thing could liberty be monopolized or scraped into heaps like
+wealth; a petty tyrant may persecute and imprison thousands, but he cannot
+thereby add one hour or inch to his own liberty.
+
+Another and a very common loss of liberty is by pleasure and the love of
+fame, especially by the slaves of fashion and the lovers of great place;
+
+
+  Whose lives are others' not their own.
+
+
+Pleasure for the most part, consists in fits of anticipation; since, the
+extra liberty or license of a debauch must be repaid by the iron fetters
+of headache, and the heavy hand of _ennui_ on the following day: even
+the purblind puppy of fashion will tell you, if you make free with your
+constitution, you must suffer for it; and this by a species of slavery. To
+dance attendance upon a great man for a small appointment, and to _boo_
+your way through the world, belongs to the worst of servitude. Congreve
+compares a levee at a great man's to a list of duns; and Shenstone still
+more ill-naturedly says, "a courtier's dependant is a beggar's dog."
+
+Making free, or taking liberties with your fortune, brings about the
+slavery, if not the sin, of poverty; and to take a liberty with the wealth
+of another is about as sure a road to slavery as picking pockets is to
+house-breaking. Debt is another of those odious badges which mark a man
+as a slave, and let him but go on to recovery, that like a snake in the
+sunshine, he may be the more effectually scotched and secured. Gay says to
+Swift, "I hate to be in debt; for I can't bear to pawn five pounds worth
+of my liberty to a tailor or a butcher. I grant you, this is not having
+the true spirit of modern nobility; but it is hard to cure the prejudice
+of education;" and every man will own that a _greater_ slave-master is not
+to be found at Cape Coast than the law's follower, who says, "I 'rest
+you;" and then "brings you to all manner of unrest." One of these fellows
+is even greater than the sultan of an African tribe in till his glory;
+though he neither bears the insignia of rank nor power--none of the little
+finery which wins allegiance and honour--yet he constrains you "by
+virtue," and brings about a compromise and temporary cessation of your
+liberty.
+
+Taking liberties with the pockets or tables of one's relations and
+friends, is at best, but a dangerous experiment. It cannot last long
+before they beg to be excused the liberty, &c., and like the countryman
+with the golden goose, you get a cold, fireless parlour, or a colder hall
+reception for your importunity; and, perchance, the silver ore being all
+gone, you must put up with the French plate. One of the most equivocal,
+if not dangerous, forms of correspondence is that beginning with "I take
+the liberty;" for it either portends some well tried "sufferer" as Lord
+Foppington calls him; a pressing call from a fundless charity; or at best
+but a note from an advertising tailor to tell you that for several years
+past you have been paying 50 per cent. too high a price for your clothes;
+but, like most good news, this comes upon crutches, and the loss is past
+redemption.
+
+What is called the liberty of the subject we must leave for a dull
+barrister to explain: in the meantime, if any reader be impatient for the
+definition, a night's billeting in Covent Garden watchhouse will initiate
+him into its blessings; he is not so dull as to require to be told how to
+get there. The liberty of the press is another ticklish subject to handle--
+like a hedgehog--all points; but we may be allowed to quote, as one of the
+most harmless specimens of the liberty of the press--the production of THE
+MIRROR, as we always acknowledge the liberty by reference to the sources
+whence our borrowed wealth is taken. This is giving credit in one way, and
+taking credit for our own honesty.
+
+Liberty-boys and brawlers would be new acquaintance for us. We are not old
+enough to remember "Wilkes and 45;" the cap of liberty is now seldom
+introduced into our national arms, and this and all such emblems are fast
+fading away. People who used to spout forth Cowper's line and a half on
+liberty, have given up the profession, and all men are at liberty to think
+as they please. Still ours is neither the golden nor the silver age of
+liberty: it is more like paper and platina liberty, things which have the
+weight and semblance without their value.
+
+The only odd rencontre we ever had with a liberty advocate was with L'Abbe
+Gregoire, one of the cabinet advisers of Napoleon, and to judge by his
+writings, a benevolent man. On visiting him at Paris, we put into our
+pocket a little work of our leisure, containing upwards of 6,000
+quotations on almost every subject. The Abbé, who understands English
+well, was delighted with the variety, and on calling again in a few days,
+we found the venerable patriot had been searching for all the passages on
+_liberty_, which he had distinguished by registers: what an evidence is
+this of his ruling passion. At the time we did not recollect that to M.
+Gregoire is attributed the republican sentiment "the reign of Kings is the
+martyrology of nations:" his conversation proved him an enthusiast, but we
+think this liberty rather too strong.
+
+PHILO.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+REVENGE.
+
+
+          'Twas lordly hate that rul'd
+  Indomitable. 'Twas a thirst that naught
+  But blood of him who broke this aching heart
+  Could quench.'--therefore I struck----.
+
+CYMBELINE
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE NATURALIST.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE FLYING DRAGON.
+
+
+[Illustration: The Flying Dragon.]
+
+
+This beautiful species of the lizard tribe was one of the wonders of our
+ancestors, who believed it to be a fierce animal with wings, and whose
+bite was mortal; whereas, it is perfectly harmless, and differs from other
+lizards merely in its being furnished with an expanding membrane or web,
+strengthened by a few radii, or small bones. It is about twelve inches in
+length, and is found in the East Indies and Africa (_Blumenbach_), where
+it flies through short distances, from tree to tree, and subsists on
+flies, ants, and other insects. It is covered with very small scales,
+and is generally of ash-colour, varied and clouded on the back, &c.
+with brown, black, and white. The head is of a very singular form, and
+furnished with a triple pouch, under and on each side the throat.
+
+Barbarous nations have many fabulous stories of this little animal. They
+say, for instance, that, although it usually lives in the water, it often
+bounds up from the surface, and alights on the branch of some adjacent
+tree, where it makes a noise resembling the laughter of a man.
+
+The curious reader who is anxious to see a specimen of the Flying Dragon,
+will be gratified with a young one, preserved in a case with two
+Cameleons, and exposed for sale in the window of a dealer in articles of
+_vertu_, in St. Martin's Court, Leicester Square.
+
+
+COCHINEAL TRANSPLANTED TO JAVA.
+
+The success with which the cultivation of the nopal and the breeding of
+the insect which produces cochineal has been practised at Cadiz, and
+thence at Malta, is well known. A French apothecary is said to have made
+the experiment in Corsica, but on a very confined scale; and the King of
+the Netherlands, on information that the Isle of Java was well adapted
+for the cultivation of this important article of merchandize, determined
+on attempting the transplantation into that colony. As the exportation
+of the trees and of the insect is prohibited by the laws of Spain, some
+management was requisite to acquire the means of forming this new
+establishment. The following were those resorted to:--His Majesty sent to
+Cadiz, and there maintained, for nearly two years, one of his subjects,
+a very intelligent person, who introduced himself, and by degrees got
+initiated into the _Garden of Acclimation_ of the Economic Society, where
+the breeding of this important insect is carried on. He so well, fulfilled
+his commission (for which the instructions, it is said, were drawn up
+by his royal master himself), that he succeeded in procuring about one
+thousand nopals, all young and vigorous, besides a considerable number of
+insects; and, moreover, carried on his plans so ably, as to persuade the
+principal gardener of the Garden of Acclimation to enter for six years
+into the service of the King of the Netherlands, and to go to Batavia.
+Between eight and ten thousand Spanish dollars are said to have been the
+lure held out to him to desert his post. In the service of the Society he
+gained three shillings a day, paid in Spanish fashion, that is, half, at
+least, in arrear. A vessel of war was sent to bring away the precious
+cargo, which, being furtively and safely shipped, the gardener and the
+insects were on their voyage to Batavia before the least suspicion of
+what was going on was entertained by the Society.--_From the French_.
+
+
+BEES' NESTS.
+
+A French journal says, in the woods of Brazil is frequently found hanging
+from the branches the nest of a species of bee, formed of clay, and about
+two feet in diameter. It is more probable that these nests belong to some
+species of wasp, many of which construct hanging nests. One sort of these
+is very common in the northern parts of Britain, though it is not often
+found south of Yorkshire.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ASSASSINATION OF MAJOR LAING.
+
+
+The _Literary Gazette_ of Saturday last contains the following very
+interesting intelligence respecting the assassination of Major Laing, and
+the existence of his Journal;--"In giving this tragical and disgraceful
+story to the British public, (says the Editor), we may notice that the
+individual who figures so suspiciously in it, viz. Hassouna d'Ghies, must
+be well remembered a few years ago in London society. We were acquainted
+with him during his residence here, and often met him, both at public
+entertainments and at private parties, where his Turkish dress made him
+conspicuous. He was an intelligent man, and addicted to literary pursuits;
+in manners more polished than almost any of his countrymen whom we ever
+knew, and apparently of a gentler disposition than the accusation of
+having instigated this infamous murder would fix upon him."
+
+The account then proceeds with the following translation from a
+_Marseilles Journal_:--
+
+It was about three years ago, that Major Laing, son-in-law of Colonel
+Hammer Warrington, consul-general of England in Tripoli, quitted that
+city, where he left his young wife, and penetrated into the mysterious
+continent of Africa, the grave of so many illustrious travellers. After
+having crossed the chain of Mount Atlas, the country of Fezzan, the
+desert of Lempta, the Sahara, and the kingdom of Ahades, he arrived at
+the city of Timbuctoo, the discovery of which has been so long desired
+by the learned world. Major Laing, by entering Timbuctoo, had gained the
+reward of 3,000_l_. sterling, which a learned and generous society in
+London had promised to the intrepid adventurer who should first visit
+the great African city, situated between the Nile of the Negroes and the
+river Gambaron. But Major Laing attached much less value to the gaining
+of the reward than to the fame acquired after so many fatigues and
+dangers. He had collected on his journey valuable information in all
+branches of science: having fixed his abode at Timbuctoo, he had
+composed the journal of his travels, and was preparing to return to
+Tripoli, when he was attacked by Africans, who undoubtedly were watching
+for him in the desert. Laing, who had but a weak escort, defended
+himself with heroic courage: he had at heart the preservation of his
+labours and his glory. But in this engagement he lost his right hand,
+which was struck off by the blow of a yatagan. It is impossible to
+help being moved with pity at the idea of the unfortunate traveller,
+stretched upon the sand, writing painfully with his left hand to his
+young wife, the mournful account of the combat. Nothing can be so
+affecting as this letter, written in stiff characters, by unsteady
+fingers, and all soiled with dust and blood. This misfortune was only
+the prelude to one far greater. Not long afterwards, some people of
+Ghadames, who had formed part of the Major's escort, arrived at Tripoli,
+and informed Colonel Warrington that his relation had been assassinated
+in the desert. Colonel Warrington could not confine himself to giving
+barren tears to the memory of his son-in-law. The interest of his glory,
+the honour of England, the affection of a father--all made it his duty
+to seek after the authors of the murder, and endeavour to discover what
+had become of the papers of the victim. An uncertain report was soon
+spread that the papers of Major Laing had been brought to Tripoli
+by people of Ghadames; and that a Turk, named Hassouna Dghies, had
+mysteriously received them. This is the same Dghies whom we have seen at
+Marseilles, displaying so much luxury and folly, offering to the ladies
+his perfumes and his shawls-- a sort of travelling Usbeck, without his
+philosophy and his wit. From Marseilles he went to London, overwhelmed
+with debts, projecting new ones, and always accompanied by women
+and creditors. Colonel Warrington was long engaged in persevering
+researches, and at length succeeded in finding a clue to this horrible
+mystery. The Pasha, at his request, ordered the people who had made part
+of the Major's escort to be brought from Ghadames. The truth was at
+length on the point of being known; but this truth was too formidable
+to Hassouna Dghies for him to dare to await it, and he therefore took
+refuge in the abode of Mr. Coxe, the consul of the United States. The
+Pasha sent word to Mr. Coxe, that he recognised the inviolability of the
+asylum granted to Hassouna; but that the evidence of the latter being
+necessary in the prosecution of the proceedings relative to the
+assassination of Major Laing, he begged him not to favour his flight.
+Colonel Warrington wrote to his colleague to the same effect. However,
+Hassouna Dghies left Tripoli on the 9th of August, in the night, in the
+disguise, it is said, of an American officer, and took refuge on board
+the United States corvette _Fairfield_, Captain Parker, which was then
+at anchor in the roads of Tripoli. Doubtless, Captain Parker was
+deceived with respect to Hassouna, otherwise the noble flag of the
+United States would not have covered with its protection a man accused
+of being an accomplice in an assassination.
+
+It is fully believed that this escape was ardently solicited by a French
+agent. It is even said, that the proposal was first made to the captain
+of one of our (French) ships, but that he nobly replied, that one of the
+king's officers could not favour a suspicious flight--that he would not
+receive Hassouna on board his ship, except by virtue of a written order,
+and, at all events in open day, and without disguise.
+
+The _Fairfield_ weighed anchor on the 10th of August, in the morning.
+
+The Pasha, enraged at this escape of Hassouna, summoned to his palace
+Mohamed Dghies, brother of the fugitive, and there, in the presence of
+his principal officers, commanded him, with a stern voice, to declare the
+truth. Mohamed fell at his master's feet, and declared upon oath, and in
+writing, that his brother Hassouna had had Major Laing's papers in his
+possession, but that he had delivered them up to a person, for a deduction
+of forty per cent. on the debts which he had contracted in France, and the
+recovery of which this person was endeavouring to obtain by legal
+proceedings.
+
+The declaration of Mohamed extends to three pages, containing valuable
+and very numerous details respecting the delivery of the papers of the
+unfortunate Major, and all the circumstances of this strange transaction.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The shape and size of the Major's papers are indicated with the most
+minute exactness; it is stated that these papers were taken from him
+near Timbuctoo, and subsequently delivered to the person abovementioned
+_entire, and without breaking the seals of red wax_--a circumstance which
+would demonstrate the participation of Hassouna in the assassination; for
+how can it be supposed otherwise, that the wretches who murdered the Major
+would have brought these packages to such a distance without having been
+tempted by cupidity, or even the curiosity so natural to savages, to break
+open their frail covers?
+
+Mohamed, however, after he had left the palace, fearing that the Pasha in
+his anger would make him answerable for his brother's crime, according to
+the usual mode of doing justice at Tripoli, hastened to seek refuge in the
+house of the person of whom we have spoken, and to implore his protection.
+Soon afterwards the consul-general of the Netherlands, accompanied by his
+colleagues the consuls-general of Sweden, Denmark, and Sardinia, proceeded
+to the residence of the person pointed out as the receiver, and in the
+name of Colonel Warrington, and by virtue of the declaration of Mohamed,
+called upon him instantly to restore Major Laing's papers. He answered
+haughtily, that this declaration was only a tissue of calumnies; and
+Mohamed, on his side, trusting, doubtless, in a pretended inviolability,
+yielding, perhaps, to fallacious promises, retracted his declaration,
+completely disowned it, and even went so far as to deny his own
+hand-writing.
+
+This recantation deceived nobody; the Pasha, in a transport of rage, sent
+to Mohamed his own son, Sidi Ali; this time influence was of no avail.
+Mohamed, threatened with being seized by the _chiaoux_, retracted his
+retractation; and in a new declaration, in the presence of all the
+consuls, confirmed that which he made in the morning before the Pasha and
+his officers.
+
+One consolatory fact results from these afflicting details: the papers of
+Major Laing exist, and the learned world will rejoice at the intelligence;
+but in the name of humanity, in the name of science, in the name of the
+national honour--compromised, perhaps, by disgraceful or criminal
+bargains--it must be hoped that justice may fall upon the guilty, whoever
+he may be.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A COFFEE-ROOM CHARACTER.
+
+
+It was about the year 1805 that we were first ushered into the
+dining-house called the Cheshire Cheese, in Wine-office-court. It is known
+that Johnson once lodged in this court, and bought an enormous cudgel
+while there, to resist a threatened attack from Macpherson, the author, or
+editor, of _Ossian's Poems_. At the time we first knew the place (for its
+visiters and keepers are long since changed for the third or fourth time,)
+many came there who remembered Johnson and Goldsmith spending their
+evenings in the coffee-room; old half-pay officers, staid tradesmen of the
+neighbourhood, and the like, formed the principal portion of the company.
+
+Few in this vast city know the alley in Fleet-street which leads to the
+sawdusted floor and shining tables; those tables of mahogany, parted by
+green-curtained seats, and bound with copper rims to turn the edge of the
+knife which might perchance assail them during a warm debate; John Bull
+having a propensity to commit such mutilations in the "torrent, tempest,
+and whirlwind" of argument. Thousands have never seen the homely clock
+that ticks over the chimney, nor the capacious, hospitable-looking
+fire-place under,[3] both as they stood half a century ago, when
+Fleet-street was the emporium of literary talent, and every coffee-house
+was distinguished by some character of note who was regarded as the oracle
+of the company.
+
+
+    [3] We may add that still fewer have seen the characteristic
+        whole-length portrait of "_Harry_," _the waiter_, which has
+        been placed over the fireplace, by subscription among the
+        frequenters of the room. _Wageman_ is the painter, and nothing
+        can describe the _bonhommie_ of Harry, who has just drawn the
+        cork of a pint of port, exulting in all the vainglory of crust
+        and bees' wing.--ED. MIRROR.
+
+
+Among these was old Colonel L----e, in person short and thick-set. He
+often sacrificed copiously to the jolly god, in his box behind the door;
+he was a great smoker, and had numbered between seventy and eighty years.
+Early in the evening he was punctually at his post; he called, for his
+pipe and his "go of rack," according to his diurnal custom; and surveying
+first the persons at his own table, and then those in other parts of
+the room, he commonly sat a few minutes in silence, as if waiting the
+stimulating effect of the tobacco to wind up his conversational powers,
+or perhaps he was bringing out defined images from the dim reminiscences
+which floated in his sensorium. If a stranger were near, he commonly
+addressed him with an old soldier's freedom, on some familiar topic which
+little needed the formalities of a set introduction; but soon changed the
+subject, and commenced fighting "his battles o'er again." He talked much
+of Minden, and the campaigns of 1758 and 59. He boasted of having carried
+the colours of the 20th regiment, that bore the brunt of the day there,
+and mainly contributed to obtain a "glorious victory," as Southey, in his
+days of uncourtliness, called that of Blenheim. But though thus fond of
+showing "how fields were won," he was equally delighted with recounting
+his acquaintance with more peaceful subjects. He had known Johnson and
+Goldsmith, together with the list of worthies who honoured Fleet-street by
+making it their abode between thirty and forty years before, and were at
+that time visitants of the house. "At this very table," said he, speaking
+of that which is situated on the right-hand behind the door, "Johnson used
+always to sit when he came here, and Goldsmith also. I knew them well.
+Johnson overawed us all, and every one became silent when he spoke." The
+colonel observed of Goldsmith, "That no one would have thought much of him
+from his company, though he had a great name in the world."
+
+The colonel also knew something of Churchill, described him as by no means
+prepossessing in person, and one of the last who could have been supposed
+capable of writing as he wrote. The colonel, in his old age, imagined he
+too had a taste for poetry, and boasted of Goldsmith's having asserted
+(perhaps jokingly) that he possessed a talent for writing verse. This idea
+working in his mind for years, had induced him to print, in his old age,
+what he called, to the best of my recollection, "A Continuation of the
+Deserted Village." He always brought a copy with him of an evening, and
+was fond of referring to it, and passing it round for the company to look
+at--a weakness pardonable in a garrulous old man. On revisiting the house,
+for old acquaintance sake, after an absence of some years from London, I
+missed him from his accustomed place, which I observed to be occupied by a
+stranger. On inquiry, I found that he was departed to where human vanity
+and human wisdom are upon a level, and where man is alike deaf to the
+voice of literary and military ambition.--_New Monthly Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE ANNUALS FOR 1830.
+
+
+We feel it a duty to the proprietors of these elegant works, as well as to
+our readers, to give the following _annonces_ of the several volumes for
+1830:--
+
+The _Keepsake_ is very forward. Among the contributors are Sir Walter
+Scott, Lord Byron, and the author of "Anastasius." Sir Walter's
+contribution is a dramatic romance, in imitation of the German; and Lord
+Byron's are ten letters written by him between 1821, and the time of his
+lordship's death.
+
+The _Forget-Me-Not_ will contain a very gem--being the first known attempt
+at poetry, by Lord Byron, copied from the autograph of the noble poet, and
+certified by the lady to whom it was addressed--the object of his
+lordship's first, if not his only real attachment.
+
+Mr. Ackermann has likewise announced a _Juvenile_ Forget-Me-Not, so as to
+remember all growths.
+
+The _Literary Souvenir_ is in a state of great forwardness. Among the
+contributors are the authors of "Kuzzil-bash;" "Constantinople in 1828;"
+"The Sorrows of Rosalie;" and "Rouge et Noir." The pencils of Sir Thomas
+Lawrence, Howard, Collins, Chalon, Harlowe, and Martin, have furnished
+subjects for the illustrations.
+
+The _Amulet_, among its illustrations will contain an engraving from
+Mulready's picture of an English Cottage; another from Wilkie's "Dorty
+Bairn;" and another from a drawing by Martin, engraved by Le Keux, for
+which he is said to have received one hundred and eighty guineas. Mr.
+Hall, the editor, has likewise been equally fortunate in an accession of
+literary talent.
+
+The _Juvenile_ Forget-Me-Not, under the superintendence of Mrs. S.C. Hall,
+also promises unusual attractions, both in picture and print.
+
+The _Juvenile Keepsake_, edited by Mr. T. Roscoe, is said to be completed.
+
+Another Juvenile Annual, to be called the _Zoological Keepsake_, is
+announced, with a host of cuts to enliven the "birds, beasts, and fishes"
+of the smaller growth.
+
+The _Gem_ will re-appear as the _Annual Gem_, with thirteen
+embellishments, superintended by A. Cooper, R. A.
+
+The _Bijou_ promises well. The embellishments are of the first order,
+from pictures by Sir Thomas Lawrence, Stothard, Wilkie, and the lamented
+Bonington. Among the gems are a splendid portrait of _the King_, from the
+president's picture, in the possession of Sir William Knighton, Bart.; and
+a portrait of the beautiful Mrs. Arbuthnot.
+
+The _Winter's Wreath _will bloom with more than its accustomed beauty.
+Among the contributors we notice, for the first time, the author of "Rank
+and Talent."
+
+_Religious Annuals_ are on the increase. One of the novelties of this
+class is "_Emmanuel_," to be edited by the author of "Clouds and
+Sunshine," of the excellence of which we have many grateful recollections.
+The _Iris_, to be edited by the Rev. Thomas Dale, is another novelty in
+this way.
+
+The _Musical Bijou_ has among its composers, Rossini, Bishop,
+Kalk-brenner, Rodwell, J. Barnet, and others. The lyrists and prose
+writers are Sir Walter Scott, T.H. Bayley, the Ettrick Shepherd, Messrs.
+Planche, Richard Ryan, &c.
+
+One of the most splendid designs of the season is a "_Landscape Annual,
+or the Tourist in Italy and Switzerland_," from drawings by Prout; the
+literary department by T. Roscoe, Esq. and to contain the most attractive
+views which occur to the traveller on his route from Geneva to Rome. Some
+of the plates are described as extremely brilliant.
+
+Two _Transatlantic Annuals_, the _Atlantic Souvenir_, published at
+Philadelphia, and the _Token_, published at Boston--may be expected in
+London.
+
+The foregoing are all the announcements we have been able to collect. We
+miss two or three established favourites; but we hope to make their
+promises the subject of a future paragraph.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE GOOSE.
+
+
+In England the goose is sacred to St. Michael; in Scotland, where dainties
+were not going every day,
+
+
+  "'Twas Christmas sent its savoury goose."
+
+
+The Michaelmas goose is said to owe its origin to Queen Elizabeth's dining
+on one at the table of an English baronet on that day when she received
+tidings of the dispersion of the Spanish Armada, in commemoration of which
+she ordered the _goose_ to make its appearance every Michaelmas. In some
+places, particularly Caithness, geese are cured and smoked, and are highly
+relishing. Smoked Solan geese are well known as contributing to the
+abundance of a Scottish breakfast, though too rank and fishy-flavoured for
+unpractised palates. The goose has made some figure in English history.
+The churlishness of the brave Richard Coeur de Lion, a sovereign
+distinguished for an insatiable appetite and vigorous digestion, in an
+affair of roast goose, was the true cause of his captivity in Germany. The
+king, disguised as a palmer, was returning to his own dominions, attended
+by Sir Fulk Doyley and Sir Thomas de Multon, "brothers in arms," and
+wearing the same privileged garb. They arrived in Almain, (Germany,) at
+the town of Carpentras, where,
+
+
+  "A _goose_ they dight to their dinner.
+  In a tavern where they were.
+  King Richard the fire bet,
+  Thomas to him the spit set;
+  Fouk Doyley tempered the wood;
+  Dear a-bought they that good;"
+
+
+for in came a _Minstralle_, or she-Minstrel, with offer of specimens of
+her art in return for a leg of the goose and a cup of the wine. Richard,
+who loved "rich meats," and cared little at this time for their usual
+accompaniment, "minstrelsy,"--
+
+
+  "--bade that she would go;
+  That turned him to mickle woe.
+  The Minstralle took in mind,
+  And said, ye are men unkind:
+  And if I may ye shall _for-think_
+  Ye gave me neither meat nor drink!"
+
+
+The lady, who was English, recognised the king, and denounced him to the
+king of Germany, who ordered the pilgrims into his presence, insulted
+Richard, "said him shame," called him _taylard_, probably for his
+affection for goose, and finally ordered him to a dungeon. But Richard,
+a true knightly eater, who, besides roast goose, liked to indulge in
+
+
+          "Bread and wine,
+  Piment and clarry good and fine;
+  Cranes and swans, and venison;
+  Partridges, plovers, and heron,--
+
+
+was neither dainty nor over-nice. At a pinch he could eat any thing, which
+on sundry emergencies stood him in great stead. _Wax_ and _nuts_, and
+tallow and grease mixed, carried him through one campaign, when the enemy
+thought to have starved out the English army and its cormorant commander.
+The courage and strength of Richard were always redoubled after dinner. It
+was then his greatest feats were performed.--_Romance of Coeur de Lion_.
+
+The livers of geese and poultry are esteemed a great delicacy by some
+_gourmands_; and on the continent great pains are taken to procure fat
+overgrown livers. The methods employed to produce this diseased state of
+the animals are as disgusting to rational taste as revolting to humanity.
+The geese are crammed with fat food, deprived of drink, kept in an
+intolerably hot atmosphere, and fastened by the feet (we have heard of
+nailing) to the shelves of the fattening cribs. The celebrated _Strasburg
+pies_, which are esteemed so great a delicacy that they are often sent as
+presents to distant places, are enriched with these diseased livers. It is
+a mistake that these pies are wholly made of this artificial animal
+substance.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TURKEY
+
+
+Colonel Rottiers, a recent traveller in Turkey, holds out the following
+temptation to European enterprise:--
+
+The terrestrial paradise, which is supposed to be situated in Armenia,
+appeared to M. Rottiers to stretch along the shores of the Black Sea. The
+green banks, sloping into the water, are sometimes decked with box-trees
+of uncommon size, sometimes clothed with natural orchards, in which
+the cherries, pears, pomegranates, and other fruits, growing in their
+indigenous soil, possess a flavour indescribably exquisite. The bold
+eminences are crowned with superb forests or majestic ruins, which
+alternately rule the scenes of this devoted country, from the water's
+edge to the summit of the mountains. The moral and political condition
+of the country contrasts forcibly with the flourishing aspect of nature.
+At Sinope there is no commerce, and the Greeks having, in consequence,
+deserted the place, the population is at present below 5,000. This city,
+once the capital of the great Mithridates, enjoys natural advantages,
+which, but for the barbarism of the Turkish government, would soon raise
+it into commercial eminence. It has a deep and capacious harbour--the
+finest timber in the world grows in its vicinity--and the district of the
+interior, with which it immediately communicates, is one of the most
+productive and industrious in Asiatic Turkey. Amasia, the ancient capital
+of Cappadocia, Tokat, and Costambol, are rich and populous towns. Near the
+last is held an annual fair, commencing fifteen days before the feast of
+Ramadan, and which is said to be attended by at least fifty thousand
+merchants, from all parts of the east. From the nature of the country in
+which it is situated, M. Rottiers is disposed to believe that Sinope holds
+out peculiarly strong inducements to European enterprise. He also had an
+opportunity of observing, that its defences were gone totally to ruin, and
+significantly remarks, that it could not possibly withstand a _coup de
+main_. Amastra, a great and wealthy city while possessed by the Genoese
+in the middle ages, is now a wretched village, occupied by a few Turkish
+families, whose whole industry consists in making a few toys and articles
+of wooden ware. It stands on a peninsula, which appears to have been
+formerly an island, and the Isthmus uniting it to the mainland is wholly
+composed, according to the account of Mr. Eton, who surveyed part of this
+coast, of fragments of columns and marble friezes.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GEORGIAN WINE.
+
+
+The chief production of Georgia is wine, which is of excellent quality,
+and so abundant in the countries situated between the Caspian and the
+Black Seas, that it would soon become a most important object of
+exportation, if the people could be induced to improve their methods of
+making and preserving it. At present the grapes are gathered and pressed
+without any care, and the process of fermentation is so unskilfully
+managed, that the wine rarely keeps till the following vintage. The skins
+of animals are the vessels in which it is kept. The hair is turned
+inwards, and the interior of the bag is thickly besmeared with asphaltum
+or mineral tar, which renders the vessel indeed perfectly sound, but
+imparts an abominable flavour to the wine, and even adds to its acescence.
+The Georgians have not yet learned to keep their wine in casks, without
+which it is vain to look for any improvements in its manufacture. Yet the
+mountains abound in the requisite materials, and only a few coopers are
+requisite to make the commencement. The consumption of wine in Georgia,
+and above all at Tiflis, is prodigiously great. From the prince to the
+peasant the ordinary ration of a Georgian, if we may believe M. Gamba,
+is one _tonque_, (equal to five bottles and a half of Bordeaux) per day.
+A _tonque_ of the best wine, such as is drunk by persons of rank, costs
+about twenty sous; the inferior wines are sold for less than a sous per
+bottle.--_Foreign Quar. Rev_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HISTORICAL FIDELITY.
+
+
+The court historiographer of the Burmese, has recorded in the national
+chronicle his account of the war with the English to the following purport:
+--"In the years 1186 and 87, the Kula-pyu, or white strangers of the west,
+fastened a quarrel upon the Lord of the Golden Palace. They landed at
+Rangoon, took that place and Prome, and were permitted to advance as far
+as Yandabo; for the king, from motives of piety and regard to life, made
+no effort whatever to oppose them. The strangers had spent vast sums of
+money in their enterprise; and by the time they reached Yandabo, their
+resources were exhausted, and they were in great distress. They petitioned
+the king, who, in his clemency and generosity, sent them large sums of
+money to pay their expenses back, and ordered them out of the country."--
+_Crawfurd's Embassy to Ava._
+
+To quote a vulgar proverb, this is making the best of a bad job.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DRESS.
+
+
+How far a man's clothes are or are not a part of himself, is more than I
+would take on myself to decide, without farther inquiry; though I lean
+altogether to the affirmative. The inhabitants of the South Sea Islands
+were astonished and alarmed when they, first saw the Europeans strip.
+Yet they would have been much more so, could they have entered into the
+notions prevalent in the civilized world on the subject of a wardrobe;
+could they have understood how much virtue lies inherent in a superfine
+broad cloth, how much respectability in a gilt button, how much sense in
+the tie of a cravat, how much amiability in the cut of a sleeve, how much
+merit of every sort in a Stultz and a Hoby. There are who pretend, and
+that with some plausibilty, that these things are but typical; that taste
+in dress is but the outward and visible sign of the frequentation of good
+company; and that propriety of exterior is but evidence of a general sense
+of the fitness of things. Yet if this were really the case, if there were
+nothing intrinsic in the relation of the clothes to the wearer, how could
+a good coat at once render a pickpocket respectable; or a clean shirt pass
+current, as it does, with police magistrates for a clean conscience. In
+England, a handsome _toggery_ is a better defensive armour, than "helm and
+hauberk's twisted mail." While the seams are perfect, and the elbows do
+not appear through the cloth, the law cannot penetrate it. A gentleman,
+(that is to say, a man who can pay his tailor's bill,) is above suspicion;
+and benefit of clergy is nothing to the privilege and virtue of a handsome
+exterior. That the skin is nearer than the shirt, is a most false and
+mistaken idea. The smoothest skin in Christendom would not weigh with a
+jury like a cambric ruffle; and moreover, there is not a poor devil in
+town striving to keep up appearances in spite of fortune, who would not
+far rather tear his flesh than his unmentionables; which can only arise
+from their being so much more important a part of himself.--_New Monthly
+Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The French have a kind of irritable jealousy towards the English, which
+makes them forget their general politeness. Give them but a civil word,
+make the least advance, and they receive you with open arms; but show them
+that cold reserve with which an Englishman generally treats all strangers,
+and every Frenchman's hand is on his sword.--_New Monthly Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+
+  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+JACK SHEPPARD.
+
+
+When this notorious felon was under sentence of death, the Right Hon.
+Charles Wolfran Cornwall, then Speaker of the House of Commons, was
+strongly solicited to apply to his majesty for a pardon, as he was related
+to him. "No," said Mr. Cornwall, "I should deserve public censure if I
+attempted to contribute to the prolongation of the life of a man who has
+so frequently been a nuisance to society, and has given so many proofs
+that kindness to him would be cruelty to others. Were my own son to offend
+one-tenth part so often as he has done, I should think it my duty rather
+to solicit his punishment than his pardon."
+
+C.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EPITAPH
+
+
+_On S---- E----, an intelligent and amiable boy, who was unfortunately
+drowned while bathing_.
+
+Though gentle as a dove, his soul sublime,
+For heav'n impatient, would not wait for time;
+Ere youth had bloom'd his virtues ripe were seen,
+A man in intellect! a child in mien!
+A hallow'd wave from mercy's fount was pour'd,
+And, wash'd from clay, to bliss his spirit soar'd.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A HOLY HERMIT.
+
+
+A hermit, named Parnhe, being upon the road to meet his bishop who had
+sent for him, met a lady most magnificently dressed, whose incomparable
+beauty drew the eyes of every body on her. The saint having looked at her,
+and being himself struck with astonishment, immediately burst into tears.
+Those who were with him wondering to see him weep, demanded the cause of
+his grief. "I have two reasons," replied he, "for my tears; I weep to
+think how fatal an impression that woman makes on all who behold her; and
+I am touched with sorrow when I reflect that I, for my salvation, and to
+please God, have never taken one-tenth part of the pains which this woman
+has taken to please men alone."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BUNGLING TRANSLATION.
+
+
+At a country village in Yorkshire, was an old established cobbler, who
+cracked his joke, loved his pipe and lived happy. In short, he was a sober
+and industrious man. His quiet, however, was disturbed by an unexpected
+opposition in his trade, at the same village, and to add to his
+misfortune, the new comer established himself directly opposite to the old
+cobbler's stall, and at the same time to show his learning and probity,
+painted in large letters over his door, "_Mens conscia recti_." To
+conceive the meaning of this, the poor cobbler laboured night and day, but
+unsuccessfully; he at last determined that this "_consciarecti_" was a new
+sort of shoe made for men's use; he therefore painted over his door,
+"_Men's and Women's consciarecti_," where it remains still.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A schoolboy reading Cassar's "Commentaries" came to translate the
+following passage thus: "Caesar venit in Gallia summa diligentia."
+"Caesar came into Gaul on the top of the Diligence."
+
+O.O.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+VERY BAD.
+
+
+A wag, who "will be the death of us," says he bought a cake the other
+evening:--"It is _thundering_ weight," observed the baker: "I hope it will
+not _lighten_ before I get it home," was the equivocal reply.
+
+Q.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPROMPTU
+
+
+On hearing a _Watchman_ cry the hour on Tuesday morning, September 29, the
+last of his duty.
+
+  "Farewell! mine occupation's gone,"
+    He sung in "half-past five;"
+  Here ends his call, his beat is done,
+    How then can he survive.
+
+TOM.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+_LIMBIRD'S EDITIONS_.
+
+
+CHEAP and POPULAR WORKS published at the MIRROR OFFICE in the Strand,
+near Somerset House.
+
+The ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS, Embellished with nearly 150
+Engravings. In 6 Parts, 1s. each.
+
+The TALES of the GENII. 4 Parts, 6d. each.
+
+The MICROCOSM. By the Right Hon. G. CANNING. &c. 4 Parts, 6d. each.
+
+PLUTARCH'S LIVES, with Fifty Portraits, 12 Parts, 1s. each.
+
+COWPER'S POEMS, with 12 Engravings, 12 Numbers, 3d. each.
+
+COOK'S VOYAGES, 28 Numbers, 3d. each.
+
+The CABINET of CURIOSITIES: or, WONDERS of the WORLD DISPLAYED. 27 Nos.
+2d. each.
+
+BEAUTIES of SCOTT, 36 Numbers, 3d. each.
+
+The ARCANA of SCIENCE for 1828. Price 4s. 6d.
+
+GOLDSMITH'S ESSAYS. Price 8d.
+
+DR. FRANKLIN'S ESSAYS. Price 1s. 2d.
+
+BACON'S ESSAYS Price 8d.
+
+SALMAGUNDI. Price 1s. 8d.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 392 ***
+
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume 14, No. 392, Saturday, October 3, 1829.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 5, 2004 [EBook #11456]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 392 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Andy Schmitt, David Garcia and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+  <hr class="full" />
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page209" name="page209"></a>[pg
+  209]</span>
+
+  <h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+  OF<br />
+  LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <table width="100%" summary="Banner">
+    <tr>
+      <td align="left"><b>VOL. XIV, NO. 392.]</b></td>
+
+      <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1829.</b></td>
+
+      <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <h2>The Duke's Theatre, Dorset Gardens.</h2>
+
+  <div class="figure" style="width: 100%;">
+    <a href="images/392-1.png"><img width="100%" src=
+    "images/392-1.png" alt=
+    "The Duke's theatre, Dorset Gardens." /></a>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The above theatre was erected in the year 1671, about a
+  century after the regular establishment of theatres in England.
+  It rose in what may be called the brazen age of the Drama, when
+  the prosecutions of the Puritans had just ceased, and legitimacy
+  and licentiousness danced into the theatre hand in hand. At the
+  Restoration, the few players who had not fallen in the wars or
+  died of poverty, assembled under the banner of Sir William
+  Davenant, at the Red Bull Theatre. Rhodes, a bookseller, at the
+  same time, fitted up the Cockpit in Drury Lane, where he formed a
+  company of entirely new performers. This was in 1659, when
+  Rhodes's two apprentices, Betterton and Kynaston, were the stars.
+  These companies afterwards united, and were called the Duke's
+  Company. About the same time, Killigrew, that eternal caterer for
+  good things, collected together a few of the old actors who were
+  honoured with the title of the "King's Company," or "His
+  Majesty's Servants," which distinction is preserved by the Drury
+  Lane Company, to the present day, and is inherited from
+  Killigrew, who built and opened the first theatre in Drury Lane,
+  in 1663. In 1662, Sir William Davenant obtained a patent for
+  building "the Duke's Theatre," in Little Lincoln's Inn Fields,
+  which he opened with the play of "the Siege of Rhodes," written
+  by himself. The above company performed here till 1671, when
+  another "Duke's Theatre." was built in Dorset Gardens,<a id=
+  "footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href=
+  "#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> by Sir Christopher Wren, in a
+  similar style of architecture to that in Lincoln's Inn Fields.
+  The company removed thither, November 9, in the same year, and
+  continued performing till the union of the Duke and the King's
+  Companies, in 1682; and performances were continued occasionally
+  here until 1697. The building was demolished about April, 1709,
+  and the site is now occupied by the works of a Gas Light
+  Company.</p>
+
+  <p>The Duke's Theatre, as the engraving shows, had a handsome
+  front towards the river, with a landing-place for visiters by
+  water, a fashion which prevailed in the early age of the Drama,
+  if we may credit the assertion of Taylor, the water poet, that
+  about the year <span class="pagenum"><a id="page210" name=
+  "page210"></a>[pg 210]</span> 1596, the number of watermen
+  maintained by conveying persons to the theatres on the banks of
+  the Thames, was not less than 40,000, showing a love of the drama
+  at that early period which is very extraordinary.<a id=
+  "footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href=
+  "#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> All we have left of this aquatic
+  rage is a solitary boat now and then skimming and scraping to
+  Vauxhall Gardens.</p>
+
+  <p>The upper part of the front will be admired for its
+  characteristic taste; as the figures of Comedy and Tragedy
+  surmounting the balustrade, the emblematic flame, and the
+  wreathed arms of the founder.</p>
+
+  <p>Operas were first introduced on the English stage, at Dorset
+  Gardens, in 1673, with "expensive scenery;" and in Lord Orrery's
+  play of Henry V., performed here in the year previous, the
+  actors, Harris, Betterton, and Smith, wore the coronation suits
+  of the Duke of York, King Charles, and Lord Oxford.</p>
+
+  <p>The names of Betterton and Kynaston bespeak the importance of
+  the Duke's Theatre. Cibber calls Betterton "an actor, as
+  Shakspeare was an author, both without competitors;" in his
+  performance of <i>Hamlet</i>, he profited by the instructions of
+  Sir William Davenant, who embodied his recollections of Joseph
+  Taylor, instructed by SHAKSPEARE to play the character! What a
+  delightful association&mdash;to see Hamlet represented in the
+  true vein in which the sublime author conceived it! Kynaston's
+  celebrity was of a more equivocal description. He played
+  <i>Juliet</i> to Betterton's <i>Romeo</i>, and was the Siddons of
+  his day; for women did not generally appear on the stage till
+  after the Restoration. The anecdote of Charles II. waiting at the
+  theatre for the stage <i>queen</i> to be <i>shaved</i> is well
+  known.</p>
+
+  <p>Pepys speaks of Harris, in his interesting <i>Diary</i> as
+  "growing very proud, and demanding 20<i>l</i>. for himself
+  extraordinary more than Betterton, or any body else, upon every
+  new play, and 10<i>l</i>. upon every revive; which, with other
+  things, Sir William Davenant would not give him, and so he swore
+  he would never act there more, in expectation of his being
+  received in the other house;" (this was in 1663, at the Duke's
+  Theatre in Lincoln's Inn Fields.) "He tells me that the fellow
+  grew very proud of late, the King and every body else crying him
+  up so high," &amp;c. Poor Sir William, he must have been as much
+  worried and vexed as Mr. Ebers with the Operatics, or any Covent
+  Garden manager, in our time; whose days and nights are not very
+  serene, although passed among the <i>stars</i>,</p>
+
+  <p>In one of Pepys's notices of Hart, he tells us "It pleased us
+  mightily to see the natural affection of a poor woman, the mother
+  of one of the children brought upon the stage; the child crying,
+  she, by force, got upon the stage, and took up her child, and
+  carried it away off the stage from Hart." This pleasant playgoer
+  likewise says, in 1667-8, "when I began first to be able to
+  bestow a play on myself, I do not remember that I saw so many by
+  half of the ordinary prentices and mean people in the pit at
+  2<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. a-piece as now; I going for several years
+  no higher than the 12<i>d</i>. and then the 18<i>d</i>. places,
+  though I strained hard to go in then when I did; so much the
+  vanity and prodigality of the age is to be observed in this
+  particular."</p>
+
+  <p>It may be at this moment interesting to mention that the first
+  Covent Garden Theatre was opened under the patent granted to Sir
+  William Davenant for the Dorset Gardens and Lincoln's Inn Fields
+  Theatres. We must also acknowledge our obligation for the
+  preceding notes to the <i>Companion to the Theatres</i>, a pretty
+  little work which we noticed <i>en passant</i> when published,
+  and which we now seasonably recommend to the notice of our
+  readers.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>FOUR SONNETS.</h3>
+
+  <p>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</p>
+
+  <h3>SPRING.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Season of sighs perfumed, and maiden flowers,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Young Beauty's birthday, cradled in delight</p>
+
+      <p>And kept by muses in the blushing bowers</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Where snow-drops spring most delicately
+      white!</p>
+
+      <p>Oh it is luxury to minds that feel</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Now to prove truants to the giddy world,</p>
+
+      <p>Calmly to watch the dewy tints that steal</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">O'er opening roses&mdash;'till in smiles
+      unfurled</p>
+
+      <p>Their fresh-made petals silently unfold.</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Or mark the springing grass&mdash;or gaze
+      upon</p>
+
+      <p>Primeval morning till the hues of gold</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Blaze forth and centre in the glorious sun!</p>
+
+      <p>Whose gentler beams exhale the tears of night,</p>
+
+      <p>And bid each grateful tongue deep melodies indite.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <h3>SUMMER.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Now is thy fragrant garland made complete,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Maturing year! but as its many dyes</p>
+
+      <p>Mingle in rainbow hues divinely sweet,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">They fade and fleet in unobserved sighs!</p>
+
+      <p>Yet now all fresh and fair, how dear thou art,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Just born to breathe and perish! touched by
+      heaven,</p>
+
+      <p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page211" name=
+      "page211"></a>[pg 211]</span></p>
+
+      <p>From lifeless Winter to a beating heart,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">From scathing blasts to Summer's balmy
+      even!</p>
+
+      <p>Methinks some angel from the bowers of bliss,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">In May descended, scattering blossoms
+      round,</p>
+
+      <p>Embraced each opening flower, bestowed a kiss,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">And woke the notes of harmony profound;</p>
+
+      <p>But ere July had waned, alas, she fled,</p>
+
+      <p>Took back to heaven the flowers, and left the falling
+      leaves instead.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <h3>AUTUMN.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Field flowers and breathing minstrelsy, farewell!</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">The rose is colourless and withering fast,</p>
+
+      <p>Sweet Philomel her song forgets to swell,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">And Summer's rich variety is past!</p>
+
+      <p>The sear leaves wander, and the hoar of age</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Gathers her trophy for the dying year,</p>
+
+      <p>And following in her noiseless pilgrimage,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Waters her couch with many a pearly tear.</p>
+
+      <p>Yet there is one unchanging friend who stays</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">To cheer the passage into Winter's
+      gloom&mdash;</p>
+
+      <p>The redbreast chants his solitary lays,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">A simple requiem over Nature's tomb,</p>
+
+      <p>So, when the Spring of life shall end with me,</p>
+
+      <p>God of my Fathers! may I find a changeless Friend in
+      thee!</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <h3>WINTER.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>The trees are leafless, and the hollow blast</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Sings a shrill anthem to the bitter gloom,</p>
+
+      <p>The lately smiling pastures are a waste,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">While beauty generates in Nature's womb;</p>
+
+      <p>The frowning clouds are charged with fleecy snow,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">And storm and tempest bear a rival sway;</p>
+
+      <p>Soft gurgling rivulets have ceased to flow,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">And beauty's garlands wither in decay:</p>
+
+      <p>Yet look but heavenward! beautiful and young</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">In life and lustre see the stars of night</p>
+
+      <p>Untouch'd by time through ages roll along,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">And clear as when at first they burst to
+      light.</p>
+
+      <p>And then look from the stars where heaven appears</p>
+
+      <p>Clad in the fertile Spring of everlasting years!</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>BENJAMIN GOUGH.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>EXERCISE, AIR, AND SLEEP.</h3>
+
+  <center>
+    (<i>Abridged from Mr. Richards's "Treatise on Nervous
+    Disorders."</i>)
+  </center>
+
+  <p>The generality of people are well aware of the vast importance
+  of exercise; but few are acquainted with its <i>modus
+  operandi</i>, and few avail themselves so fully as they might of
+  its extensive benefits. The function of respiration, which endues
+  the blood with its vivifying principle, is very much influenced
+  by exercise; for our Omniscient Creator has given to our lungs
+  the same faculty of imbibing nutriment from various kinds of air,
+  as He has given to the stomach the power of extracting
+  nourishment from different kinds of aliment; and as the healthy
+  functions of the stomach depend upon the due performance of
+  certain chemical and mechanical actions, so do the functions of
+  the lungs depend upon the due performance of proper exercise.</p>
+
+  <p>Man being an animal destined for an active and useful life,
+  Providence has ordained that sloth shall bring with it its own
+  punishment. He who passes nearly the whole of his life in the
+  open air, inhaling a salubrious atmosphere, enjoys health and
+  vigour of body with tranquillity of mind, and dies at the utmost
+  limit allotted to mortality. He, on the contrary, who leads an
+  indolent or sedentary life, combining with it excessive mental
+  exertion, is a martyr to a train of nervous symptoms, which are
+  extremely annoying. Man was not created for a sedentary or
+  slothful life; but all his organs and attributes are calculated
+  for an existence of activity and industry. If therefore we would
+  insure health and comfort, we must make exercise&mdash;to use Dr.
+  Cheyne's expression&mdash;a part of our religion. But this
+  exercise should be <i>in the open air</i>, and in such places as
+  are most free from smoke, or any noxious exhalations; where, in
+  fact, the air circulates freely, purely, and abundantly. I am
+  continually told by persons that they take a great deal of
+  exercise, being constantly on their feet from morning till night;
+  but, upon inquiry, it happens, that this exercise is not in the
+  open air, but in a crowded apartment, perhaps, as in a public
+  office, a manufactory, or at a dress maker's, where twenty or
+  thirty young girls are crammed together from nine o'clock in the
+  morning till nine at night, or, what is nearly as pernicious, in
+  a house but thinly inhabited. Exercise this cannot be called; it
+  is the worst species of labour, entailing upon its victims
+  numerous evils. Good air is as essential as wholesome food; for
+  the air, by coming into immediate contact with the blood, enters
+  at once into the constitution. If therefore the air be bad, every
+  part of the body, whether near the heart or far from it, must
+  participate in the evil which is produced.</p>
+
+  <p>It is on this account that exercise <i>in the open air</i> is
+  so materially beneficial to digestion. If the blood be not
+  properly prepared by the action of good air, how can the arteries
+  of the stomach secrete good gastric juice? Then, we have a
+  mechanical effect besides. By exercise the circulation of the
+  blood is rendered more energetic and regular. Every artery,
+  muscle, and gland is excited into action, and the work of
+  existence goes on with spirit. The muscles press the
+  blood-vessels, and squeeze the glands, so that none of them can
+  be idle; so that, in short, every organ thus influenced must be
+  in action. The consequence of all this is, that every function is
+  well performed. The stomach <span class="pagenum"><a id="page212"
+  name="page212"></a>[pg 212]</span> digests readily, the liver
+  pours out its bile freely, the bowels act regularly, and much
+  superfluous heat is thrown out by perspiration. These are all
+  very important operations, and in proportion to the perfection
+  with which they are performed will be the health and comfort of
+  the individual.</p>
+
+  <p>There is another process accomplished by exercise, which more
+  immediately concerns the nervous system. "Many people," says Mr.
+  Abernethy, "who are extremely irritable and hypochondriacal, and
+  are constantly obliged to take medicines to regulate their bowels
+  while they live an inactive life, no longer suffer from nervous
+  irritation, or require aperient medicines when they use exercise
+  to a degree that would be excessive in ordinary constitutions."
+  This leads us to infer that the superfluous energy of the nerves
+  is exhausted by the exercise of the body, and that as the
+  abstraction of blood mitigates inflammations, in like manner does
+  the abstraction of nervous irritability restore tranquillity to
+  the system. This of course applies only to a state of high
+  nervous irritation; but exercise is equally beneficial when the
+  constitution is much weakened, by producing throughout the whole
+  frame that energetic action which has been already explained.</p>
+
+  <p>A debilitated frame ought never to take so much exercise as to
+  cause fatigue, neither ought exercise to be taken immediately
+  <i>before</i> nor immediately <i>after</i> a full meal. Mr.
+  Abernethy's prescription is a very good one&mdash;to rise early
+  and use active exercise <i>in the open air</i>, till a slight
+  degree of fatigue be felt; then to rest one hour, and breakfast.
+  After this rest three hours, "in order that the energies of the
+  constitution may be concentrated in the work of digestion;" then
+  take active exercise again for two hours, rest one, and then
+  dine. After dinner rest for three hours; and afterwards, in
+  summer, take a gentle stroll, which, with an hour's rest before
+  supper, will constitute the plan of exercise for the day. In wet
+  or inclement weather, the exercise may be taken in the house, the
+  windows being opened, "by walking actively backwards and
+  forwards, as sailors do on ship-board."</p>
+
+  <p>We now come to the consideration of <i>air</i>. Pure air is as
+  necessary to existence as good and wholesome food; perhaps more
+  so; for our food has to undergo a very elaborate change before it
+  is introduced into the mass of circulating blood, while the air
+  is received at once into the lungs, and comes into immediate
+  contact with the blood in that important organ. The effect of the
+  air upon the blood is this: by thrusting out as it were, all the
+  noxious properties which it has collected in its passage through
+  the body, it endues it with the peculiar property of vitality,
+  that is, it enables it to build up, repair, and excite the
+  different functions and organs of the body. If therefore this
+  air, which we inhale every instant, be not pure, the whole mass
+  of blood is very soon contaminated, and the frame, in some part
+  or other speedily experiences the bad effects. This will explain
+  to us the almost miraculous benefits which are obtained by
+  <i>change of air</i>, as well as the decided advantages of a free
+  and copious ventilation. The prejudices against a free
+  circulation of air, especially in the sick chamber, are
+  productive of great evil. The rule as regards this is plain and
+  simple: admit as much fresh air as you can; provided it does not
+  <i>blow in</i> upon you <i>in a stream</i>, and provided you are
+  not in a state of profuse perspiration at the time; for in
+  accordance with the Spanish proverb&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>"If the wind blows on you through a hole</p>
+
+      <p>Make your will, and take care of your soul."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>but if the <i>whole of the body be exposed at once</i> to a
+  cold atmosphere, no bad consequences need be anticipated.</p>
+
+  <p>A great deal has been said about the necessary quantity of
+  <i>sleep;</i> that is, how long one ought to indulge in sleeping.
+  This question, like many others, cannot be reduced to
+  mathematical precision; for much must depend upon habit,
+  constitution, and the nature and duration of our occupations. A
+  person in good health, whose mental and physical occupations are
+  not particularly laborious, will find seven or eight hours' sleep
+  quite sufficient to refresh his frame. Those whose constitutions
+  are debilitated, or whose occupations are studious or laborious,
+  require rather more; but the best rule in all eases is to sleep
+  till you are refreshed, and then get up. If you feel inclined for
+  a snug nap after dinner, indulge in it; but do not let it exceed
+  <i>half an hour;</i> if you do, you will be dull and
+  uncomfortable afterwards, instead of brisk and lively.</p>
+
+  <p>In sleeping, as in eating and drinking, we must consult our
+  habits and feelings, which are excellent monitors. What says the
+  poet?&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>"Preach not to me your musty rules,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Ye drones, that mused in idle cell,</p>
+
+      <p>The heart is wiser than the schools,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">The senses always reason well."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>One particular recommendation I would propose in concluding
+  this subject, from the observance of which much <span class=
+  "pagenum"><a id="page213" name="page213"></a>[pg 213]</span>
+  benefit has been derived&mdash;it is to sleep in a room as large
+  and as airy as possible, and in a bed but little encumbered with
+  curtains. The lungs must respire during sleep, as well as at any
+  other time; and it is of great consequence that the air should be
+  as pure as possible. In summer curtains should not be used at
+  all, and in winter we should do well without them. In summer
+  every wise man, who can afford it, will sleep out of
+  town&mdash;at any of the villages which are removed sufficiently
+  from the smoke and impurities of this overgrown metropolis.</p>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <h2>THE NOVELIST.</h2>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>AN INCIDENT AT FONDI.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>"Away&mdash;three cheers&mdash;on we go."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The morning was delightful; neither Corregio, nor Claude, with
+  all their magic of conception could have made it lovelier. The
+  heaven expanded like an azure sea&mdash;and the dimpling clouds
+  of gold were its Elysian isles&mdash;not unlike the splendid
+  images we are apt to admire in the poems of <i>Petrarch</i> and
+  <i>Alamanni</i>. The music of the birds kept time to the sound of
+  the postilions' whips&mdash;the streams sung a fairy legend, and
+  the merry woods, touched with the brilliant glow of an Italian
+  sun, breathed into the air a delicious sonata. Such a morning as
+  this was formed for something memorable! The Grand Diavolo and
+  his bravest ruffians awaited the travellers' approach.</p>
+
+  <p>The carriage had pursued the direction of the path at a speed
+  unequalled in the annals of the postilions; but the termination
+  of the dell did not appear. Huge impending cliffs with their
+  crown of trees imparted a shadowy depth to the solitude, which
+  the travellers did not seem to relish.</p>
+
+  <p>"How cursed inconvenient is this dell with its frightful
+  woods," said the baronet to his smiling daughter, "one might as
+  well be sequestered in Dante's Inferno. Look at those awful
+  rocks&mdash;my mind misgives me as I view them. Sure there are no
+  brigands concealed hereabout!"</p>
+
+  <p>"Hope not, Pa'," replied the graceful Rosalia; but the last
+  word had scarcely died on her lips, ere a discharge of shot was
+  heard. The baronet opened his carriage door, and leaped on the
+  ground.</p>
+
+  <p>"Hollo! John, Tom, pistols here, my lads, a pretty rencontre
+  this! Stand by Rosalia, my own self and purse I don't value a
+  grout, but stand the brunt, lads; here they come&mdash;oh, that I
+  had met them at Waterloo!"</p>
+
+  <p>This attack perplexed the thoughts of the poor baronet. He
+  regarded it as a romance in which he was to become the hero. But
+  his present situation did not allow him the fascination of a
+  dream. The brigands advanced from their concealment, and their
+  chief, who seemed a most pleasant and polite scoundrel, commanded
+  his men to inspect the luggage of the travellers.</p>
+
+  <p>"Humph! and is that all?" growled the baronet.</p>
+
+  <p>"I want a thousand crowns," said the chief, in a gentle tone,
+  "you may then proceed."</p>
+
+  <p>"Humph! and won't five hundred do?"</p>
+
+  <p>"I insist!" returned the brigand, placing his hand on his
+  sword!</p>
+
+  <p>This menace was enough. It produced an awful consternation in
+  the countenance of the Englishman. He, dear man, felt his heart
+  quake within him, as he paid the brigand his enormous demand. But
+  a second trial was reserved for him&mdash;he turned to his
+  carriage&mdash;his daughter was not there! where could she be? He
+  heard a laugh, and on raising his head, saw the identical object
+  of his care! She waved her delicate white handkerchief from the
+  steeps above, while an Italian officer stood beside her laughing
+  with all his might. The suspicions of the father were realized.
+  He was the tall intriguing scamp who had charmed the eyes of
+  Rosalia at the inn!</p>
+
+  <p>Away ran the sire, but the guilty pair seemed to fly with the
+  wings of love attached to their heels; up the steep he clambered,
+  scaring all the birds from their solitudes; still the lovers kept
+  on before; they passed the bridge of Laino; the infuriated sire
+  pursued; spire, tree, castle, church, stream; and in short the
+  most beautiful features of the landscape appeared in the chase,
+  but the fugitives did not stop to survey them. Away they pressed
+  down the sunny slope, through the glen, along the margin of the
+  Casparanna, swifter to the eye of the agonized parent than Jehu's
+  chariot-wheels. Now they flag&mdash;they sit down amid the ruins
+  of yonder old chapel&mdash;he will reach them now; alas! how vain
+  are the calculations of man! In leaping across the Cathanna Mare,
+  he received a shot in his arm; the cursed Italian had fired at
+  him, and he fell, like a wounded bird into the stream!</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <p>"Dear pa', how you kick one!" exclaimed <span class=
+  "pagenum"><a id="page214" name="page214"></a>[pg 214]</span> the
+  beauteous little daughter of the Englishman; "surely you have had
+  a troublesome dream." "Dream! let me see," said the baronet,
+  rubbing his eyes; "then I'm not drowned, and we are again at
+  Albano, are we, and this is our merry host, and thank God,
+  Rosalia, you are safe, and I must kiss you, my sweet girl." This
+  was a pleasant scene!</p>
+
+  <p>R. AUGUSTINE.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>TIME.</h3>
+
+  <center>
+    IN IMITATION OF THE OLDEN POETS.
+  </center>
+
+  <p>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4">Time is a taper waning fast!</p>
+
+      <p class="i4">Use it, man, well whilst it doth last:</p>
+
+      <p>Lest burning downwards it consume away,</p>
+
+      <p>Before thou hast commenced the labour of the day.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4">Time is a pardon of a goodly soil!</p>
+
+      <p class="i4">Plenty shall crown thine honest toil:</p>
+
+      <p>But if uncultivated, rankest weeds</p>
+
+      <p>Shall choke the efforts of the rising seeds.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4">Time is a leasehold of uncertain date!</p>
+
+      <p class="i4">Granted to thee by everlasting fate.</p>
+
+      <p>Neglect not thou, ere thy short term expire,</p>
+
+      <p>To save thy soul from ever-burning fire.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>LEAR.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>SEPULCHRAL ENIGMA.</h3>
+
+  <p>(<i>To the Editor of the Mirror</i>.)</p>
+
+  <p>The following Sepulchral Enigma against Pride, is engraved on
+  a stone, in the Cathedral Church of Hamburgh:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>"O, Mors, cur, Deus, negat, vitam,</p>
+
+      <p>be, se, bis, nos, his, nam."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <h3>CANON.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Ordine daprimam mediae? mediamqz sequenti,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Debita sic nosces fala, superbe, tibi.</p>
+
+      <p>Quid mortalis homo jactas tot quidve superbis?</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Cras forsan fies, pulvis et umbra levis,</p>
+
+      <p>Quid tibi opes prosunt? Quid nuuc tibi magna potesias?</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">Quidve honor? Ant praestans quid tibi forma?
+      Nihil.</p>
+
+      <p>Vide <i>Variorum in Europa itinerum deliciae,
+      &amp;c.</i></p>
+
+      <p class="i4"><i>Nathane Chitreo, Editio Secunda</i>,
+      1599.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The above inscription and Canon are from a very scarce book,
+  <i>me penes</i>; if they are deemed worthy of a place in your
+  entertaining miscellany, and no solution or English version
+  should be offered to your notice for insertion, I will avail
+  myself of your permission to send one for your approval.</p>
+
+  <p>Your's, &amp;c. &Sigma; [Greek: S.]</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>THE VINE&mdash;A FRAGMENT.</h3>
+
+  <p>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>See o'er the wall, the white-leav'd cluster-vine</p>
+
+      <p>Shoots its redundant tendrils; and doth seem,</p>
+
+      <p>Like the untam'd enthusiast's glowing heart,</p>
+
+      <p>Ready to clasp, with an abundant love,</p>
+
+      <p>All nature in its arms!</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>C. COLE.</p>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <h2>THE COSMOPOLITE.</h2>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>ON LIBERTY.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>"I don't hate the world, but I laugh at it;</p>
+
+      <p>for none but fools can be in earnest about a trifle."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>So says Gay of the world, in one of his letters to Swift, and
+  we have adapted the quotation to our idea of liberty. True it is
+  that Addison apostrophizes liberty as a</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Goddess, heavenly bright!</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>but we hope our laughter will not be considered as indecorous
+  or profane. Our great essayist has exalted her into a Deity, and
+  invested her with a mythological charm, which makes us doubt her
+  existence; so that to laugh at her can be no more irreverend than
+  to sneer at the belief in apparitions, a joke which is very
+  generally enjoyed in these good days of spick-and-span
+  philosophy. Whether Liberty ever existed or not, is to us a
+  matter of little import, since it is certain that she belongs to
+  the grand hoax which is the whole scheme of life. The extension
+  of liberty into concerns of every-day life is therefore
+  reasonable enough, and to prove that we are happy in possessing
+  this ideal blessing, seems to have been the aim of all who have
+  written on the subject. One, however, if we remember right, sets
+  the matter in a grave light, when he says to man&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Since thy original lapse, true liberty</p>
+
+      <p>Is lost.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>He who loves to scatter crumbs of comfort in these starving
+  times, will not despair at this sublime truth, but will seek to
+  cherish the love of liberty, or the consolation for the loss of
+  it wherever he goes.</p>
+
+  <p>The reader need not be told that we are friends to the spread
+  of liberty: indeed, we think she may "triumph over time, clip his
+  wings, pare his nails, file his teeth, turn back his hour-glass,
+  blunt his scythe, and draw the hobnails out of his shoes;" but to
+  show how this may be done, we must run over a few varieties of
+  liberty for the benefit of such as do not enjoy the inestimable
+  blessings of being <i>free and easy</i>: we quote these words,
+  vulgar as they are; for, of all words in our vernacular tongue,
+  to express comfort and security from ill, commend us to the
+  expletive of <i>free and easy</i>. We had rather not meddle with
+  civil or religious liberty: they are as combustible as the
+  Cotopaxi, or the new governments, of South America; and our
+  attempts at reformation do not extend beyond paper and print,
+  which the unamused reader may burn or not, as he <span class=
+  "pagenum"><a id="page215" name="page215"></a>[pg 215]</span>
+  pleases without searing his own conscience or exciting our
+  revenge. To be sure, a few of our examples may border on civil
+  liberty; but we shall not seek to find parallels for the
+  Ptolemaian cages, or the Tower of Famine, in our times; neither
+  shall we feast upon the horrors of the French Revolution, nor the
+  last polite reception of the Russians by headless Turks;
+  notwithstanding all these examples would bear us out in our idea
+  of the love of liberty, and the evils of the loss of it.</p>
+
+  <p>Kings often want liberty, even amidst the multitude of their
+  luxuries. They are not unfrequently the veriest slaves at court,
+  and liege and loyal as we are, we seldom hear of a king eating,
+  drinking, and sleeping as other people do, without envying him so
+  happy an interval from the cares of state, and the painted pomp
+  of palaces. This it is that makes the domestic habits of kings so
+  interesting to every one; and many a time have we crossed field
+  after field to catch a glimpse of royalty, in a plain green
+  chariot on the Brighton road, when we would not have put our
+  heads out of window to see a procession to the House of Lords.
+  Some kings have even gone so far in their love of plain life as
+  to drop the king, which is a very pleasant sort of unkingship.
+  Frederick the Great, at one of his literary entertainments
+  adopted this plan to promote free conversation, when he reminded
+  the circle that there was no monarch present, and that every one
+  might think aloud. The conversation soon turned upon the faults
+  of different governments and rulers, and general censures were
+  passing from mouth to mouth pretty freely, when Frederick
+  suddenly stayed the topic, by saying, "Peace, peace, gentlemen,
+  have a care, the king is coming; it may be as well if he does not
+  hear you, lest he should be obliged to be still worse than you."
+  Our Second Charles was very fond of liberty, and of dropping the
+  king, or as some writers say, he never took the office up: this
+  was for another purpose, in times when</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>License they mean when they cry liberty.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Voluntarily parting with one's liberty is, however, very
+  different to having it taken from us, as in the anecdote of the
+  citizen who never having been out of his native place during his
+  lifetime, was, for some offence, sentenced to stay within the
+  walls a whole year; when he died of grief not long
+  afterwards.</p>
+
+  <p>State imprisonment is like a set of silken fetters for kings
+  and other great people. Thus, almost all our palaces have been
+  used as prisons, according to the caprice of the monarch, or the
+  violence of the uppermost faction. Shakspeare, in his historical
+  plays, gives us many pictures of royal and noble suffering from
+  the loss of liberty. One of the latter, with a beautiful
+  antidote, is the address of Gaunt to Bolingbroke, after his
+  banishment by Richard II.:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>All places that the eye of heaven visits,</p>
+
+      <p>Are to a wise man ports, and happy havens:</p>
+
+      <p>Teach thy necessity to reason thus:</p>
+
+      <p>There is no virtue like necessity.</p>
+
+      <p>Think not, the king did banish thee;</p>
+
+      <p>But thou the king: woe doth heavier sit,</p>
+
+      <p>Where it perceives it is but faintly borne.</p>
+
+      <p>Go, say&mdash;I sent thee forth to purchase honour,</p>
+
+      <p>And not&mdash;the king exiled thee: or suppose,</p>
+
+      <p>Devouring pestilence hangs in our air,</p>
+
+      <p>And thou art flying to a fresher clime.</p>
+
+      <p>Look, what thy soul holds dear, imagine it</p>
+
+      <p>To lie that way thou go'st, not whence thou comest:</p>
+
+      <p>Suppose the singing birds musicians;</p>
+
+      <p>The grass whereon thou tread'st, the presence strew'd;</p>
+
+      <p>The flowers, fair ladies; and thy steps, no more</p>
+
+      <p>Than a delightful measure, or a dance;</p>
+
+      <p>For gnarling sorrow hath less power to bite</p>
+
+      <p>The man that mocks at it, and sets it light.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Even Napoleon, whose wounds were almost green at his death,
+  sought to chase away the recollections of his ill-starred
+  splendour, by rides and walks in the island, and conversation
+  with his suite in his garden; and Louis XVIII. after his
+  restoration to the throne of France, passed few such happy days
+  as his exile at Hartwell, which though only a pleasant seat
+  enough, had more comfort than the gilded saloons of Versailles,
+  or the hurly-burly of the Tuilleries, with treason hatching in
+  the street beneath the windows, and revolution stinking in the
+  very nostrils of the court. Shakspeare might well call a crown
+  a</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Polished perturbation! golden care!</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>and add&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8">O majesty!</p>
+
+      <p>When thou dost pinch thy bearer, thou dost sit</p>
+
+      <p>Like a rich armour worn in heat of day,</p>
+
+      <p>That scalds with safety.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Goldsmith has somewhat sarcastically lamented that the
+  appetites of the rich do not increase with their wealth; in like
+  manner, it would be a grievous thing could liberty be monopolized
+  or scraped into heaps like wealth; a petty tyrant may persecute
+  and imprison thousands, but he cannot thereby add one hour or
+  inch to his own liberty.</p>
+
+  <p>Another and a very common loss of liberty is by pleasure and
+  the love of fame, especially by the slaves of fashion and the
+  lovers of great place;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Whose lives are others' not their own.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Pleasure for the most part, consists in fits of anticipation;
+  since, the extra liberty or license of a debauch must be
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page216" name="page216"></a>[pg
+  216]</span> repaid by the iron fetters of headache, and the heavy
+  hand of <i>ennui</i> on the following day: even the purblind
+  puppy of fashion will tell you, if you make free with your
+  constitution, you must suffer for it; and this by a species of
+  slavery. To dance attendance upon a great man for a small
+  appointment, and to <i>boo</i> your way through the world,
+  belongs to the worst of servitude. Congreve compares a levee at a
+  great man's to a list of duns; and Shenstone still more
+  ill-naturedly says, "a courtier's dependant is a beggar's
+  dog."</p>
+
+  <p>Making free, or taking liberties with your fortune, brings
+  about the slavery, if not the sin, of poverty; and to take a
+  liberty with the wealth of another is about as sure a road to
+  slavery as picking pockets is to house-breaking. Debt is another
+  of those odious badges which mark a man as a slave, and let him
+  but go on to recovery, that like a snake in the sunshine, he may
+  be the more effectually scotched and secured. Gay says to Swift,
+  "I hate to be in debt; for I can't bear to pawn five pounds worth
+  of my liberty to a tailor or a butcher. I grant you, this is not
+  having the true spirit of modern nobility; but it is hard to cure
+  the prejudice of education;" and every man will own that a
+  <i>greater</i> slave-master is not to be found at Cape Coast than
+  the law's follower, who says, "I 'rest you;" and then "brings you
+  to all manner of unrest." One of these fellows is even greater
+  than the sultan of an African tribe in till his glory; though he
+  neither bears the insignia of rank nor power&mdash;none of the
+  little finery which wins allegiance and honour&mdash;yet he
+  constrains you "by virtue," and brings about a compromise and
+  temporary cessation of your liberty.</p>
+
+  <p>Taking liberties with the pockets or tables of one's relations
+  and friends, is at best, but a dangerous experiment. It cannot
+  last long before they beg to be excused the liberty, &amp;c., and
+  like the countryman with the golden goose, you get a cold,
+  fireless parlour, or a colder hall reception for your
+  importunity; and, perchance, the silver ore being all gone, you
+  must put up with the French plate. One of the most equivocal, if
+  not dangerous, forms of correspondence is that beginning with "I
+  take the liberty;" for it either portends some well tried
+  "sufferer" as Lord Foppington calls him; a pressing call from a
+  fundless charity; or at best but a note from an advertising
+  tailor to tell you that for several years past you have been
+  paying 50 per cent. too high a price for your clothes; but, like
+  most good news, this comes upon crutches, and the loss is past
+  redemption.</p>
+
+  <p>What is called the liberty of the subject we must leave for a
+  dull barrister to explain: in the meantime, if any reader be
+  impatient for the definition, a night's billeting in Covent
+  Garden watchhouse will initiate him into its blessings; he is not
+  so dull as to require to be told how to get there. The liberty of
+  the press is another ticklish subject to handle&mdash; like a
+  hedgehog&mdash;all points; but we may be allowed to quote, as one
+  of the most harmless specimens of the liberty of the
+  press&mdash;the production of THE MIRROR, as we always
+  acknowledge the liberty by reference to the sources whence our
+  borrowed wealth is taken. This is giving credit in one way, and
+  taking credit for our own honesty.</p>
+
+  <p>Liberty-boys and brawlers would be new acquaintance for us. We
+  are not old enough to remember "Wilkes and 45;" the cap of
+  liberty is now seldom introduced into our national arms, and this
+  and all such emblems are fast fading away. People who used to
+  spout forth Cowper's line and a half on liberty, have given up
+  the profession, and all men are at liberty to think as they
+  please. Still ours is neither the golden nor the silver age of
+  liberty: it is more like paper and platina liberty, things which
+  have the weight and semblance without their value.</p>
+
+  <p>The only odd rencontre we ever had with a liberty advocate was
+  with L'Abbe Gregoire, one of the cabinet advisers of Napoleon,
+  and to judge by his writings, a benevolent man. On visiting him
+  at Paris, we put into our pocket a little work of our leisure,
+  containing upwards of 6,000 quotations on almost every subject.
+  The Abb&eacute;, who understands English well, was delighted with
+  the variety, and on calling again in a few days, we found the
+  venerable patriot had been searching for all the passages on
+  <i>liberty</i>, which he had distinguished by registers: what an
+  evidence is this of his ruling passion. At the time we did not
+  recollect that to M. Gregoire is attributed the republican
+  sentiment "the reign of Kings is the martyrology of nations:" his
+  conversation proved him an enthusiast, but we think this liberty
+  rather too strong.</p>
+
+  <p>PHILO.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>REVENGE.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8">'Twas lordly hate that rul'd</p>
+
+      <p>Indomitable. 'Twas a thirst that naught</p>
+
+      <p>But blood of him who broke this aching heart</p>
+
+      <p>Could quench.'&mdash;therefore I struck&mdash;&mdash;.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>CYMBELINE</p>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page217" name="page217"></a>[pg
+  217]</span></p>
+
+  <h2>THE NATURALIST.</h2>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>THE FLYING DRAGON.</h3>
+
+  <div class="figure" style="width: 50%; float: left;">
+    <a href="images/392-2.png"><img width="100%" src=
+    "images/392-2.png" alt="The Flying Dragon." /></a>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>This beautiful species of the lizard tribe was one of the
+  wonders of our ancestors, who believed it to be a fierce animal
+  with wings, and whose bite was mortal; whereas, it is perfectly
+  harmless, and differs from other lizards merely in its being
+  furnished with an expanding membrane or web, strengthened by a
+  few radii, or small bones. It is about twelve inches in length,
+  and is found in the East Indies and Africa (<i>Blumenbach</i>),
+  where it flies through short distances, from tree to tree, and
+  subsists on flies, ants, and other insects. It is covered with
+  very small scales, and is generally of ash-colour, varied and
+  clouded on the back, &amp;c. with brown, black, and white. The
+  head is of a very singular form, and furnished with a triple
+  pouch, under and on each side the throat.</p>
+
+  <p>Barbarous nations have many fabulous stories of this little
+  animal. They say, for instance, that, although it usually lives
+  in the water, it often bounds up from the surface, and alights on
+  the branch of some adjacent tree, where it makes a noise
+  resembling the laughter of a man.</p>
+
+  <p>The curious reader who is anxious to see a specimen of the
+  Flying Dragon, will be gratified with a young one, preserved in a
+  case with two Cameleons, and exposed for sale in the window of a
+  dealer in articles of <i>vertu</i>, in St. Martin's Court,
+  Leicester Square.</p>
+
+  <h3>COCHINEAL TRANSPLANTED TO JAVA.</h3>
+
+  <p>The success with which the cultivation of the nopal and the
+  breeding of the insect which produces cochineal has been
+  practised at Cadiz, and thence at Malta, is well known. A French
+  apothecary is said to have made the experiment in Corsica, but on
+  a very confined scale; and the King of the Netherlands, on
+  information that the Isle of Java was well adapted for the
+  cultivation of this important article of merchandize, determined
+  on attempting the transplantation into that colony. As the
+  exportation of the trees and of the insect is prohibited by the
+  laws of Spain, some management was requisite to acquire the means
+  of forming this new establishment. The following were those
+  resorted to:&mdash;His Majesty sent to Cadiz, and there
+  maintained, for nearly two years, one of his subjects, a very
+  intelligent person, who introduced himself, and by degrees got
+  initiated into the <i>Garden of Acclimation</i> of the Economic
+  Society, where the breeding of this important insect is carried
+  on. He so well, fulfilled his commission (for which the
+  instructions, it is said, were drawn up by his royal master
+  himself), that he succeeded in procuring about one thousand
+  nopals, all young and vigorous, besides a considerable number of
+  insects; and, moreover, carried on his plans so ably, as to
+  persuade the principal gardener of the Garden of Acclimation to
+  enter for six years into the service of the King of the
+  Netherlands, and to go to Batavia. Between eight and ten thousand
+  Spanish dollars are said to have been the lure held out to him to
+  desert his post. In the service of the Society he gained three
+  shillings a day, paid in Spanish fashion, that is, half, at
+  least, in arrear. A vessel of war was sent to bring away the
+  precious cargo, which, being furtively and safely shipped, the
+  gardener and the insects were on their voyage to Batavia before
+  the least suspicion of what was going on was entertained by the
+  Society.&mdash;<i>From the French</i>.</p>
+
+  <h3>BEES' NESTS.</h3>
+
+  <p>A French journal says, in the woods of Brazil is frequently
+  found hanging from the branches the nest of a species of bee,
+  formed of clay, and about two feet in diameter. It is more
+  probable that these nests belong to some species of wasp, many of
+  which construct hanging nests. One sort of these is very common
+  in the northern parts of Britain, though it is not often found
+  south of Yorkshire.</p>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page218" name="page218"></a>[pg
+  218]</span></p>
+
+  <h2>SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.</h2>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>ASSASSINATION OF MAJOR LAING.</h3>
+
+  <p>The <i>Literary Gazette</i> of Saturday last contains the
+  following very interesting intelligence respecting the
+  assassination of Major Laing, and the existence of his
+  Journal;&mdash;"In giving this tragical and disgraceful story to
+  the British public, (says the Editor), we may notice that the
+  individual who figures so suspiciously in it, viz. Hassouna
+  d'Ghies, must be well remembered a few years ago in London
+  society. We were acquainted with him during his residence here,
+  and often met him, both at public entertainments and at private
+  parties, where his Turkish dress made him conspicuous. He was an
+  intelligent man, and addicted to literary pursuits; in manners
+  more polished than almost any of his countrymen whom we ever
+  knew, and apparently of a gentler disposition than the accusation
+  of having instigated this infamous murder would fix upon
+  him."</p>
+
+  <p>The account then proceeds with the following translation from
+  a <i>Marseilles Journal</i>:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>It was about three years ago, that Major Laing, son-in-law of
+  Colonel Hammer Warrington, consul-general of England in Tripoli,
+  quitted that city, where he left his young wife, and penetrated
+  into the mysterious continent of Africa, the grave of so many
+  illustrious travellers. After having crossed the chain of Mount
+  Atlas, the country of Fezzan, the desert of Lempta, the Sahara,
+  and the kingdom of Ahades, he arrived at the city of Timbuctoo,
+  the discovery of which has been so long desired by the learned
+  world. Major Laing, by entering Timbuctoo, had gained the reward
+  of 3,000<i>l</i>. sterling, which a learned and generous society
+  in London had promised to the intrepid adventurer who should
+  first visit the great African city, situated between the Nile of
+  the Negroes and the river Gambaron. But Major Laing attached much
+  less value to the gaining of the reward than to the fame acquired
+  after so many fatigues and dangers. He had collected on his
+  journey valuable information in all branches of science: having
+  fixed his abode at Timbuctoo, he had composed the journal of his
+  travels, and was preparing to return to Tripoli, when he was
+  attacked by Africans, who undoubtedly were watching for him in
+  the desert. Laing, who had but a weak escort, defended himself
+  with heroic courage: he had at heart the preservation of his
+  labours and his glory. But in this engagement he lost his right
+  hand, which was struck off by the blow of a yatagan. It is
+  impossible to help being moved with pity at the idea of the
+  unfortunate traveller, stretched upon the sand, writing painfully
+  with his left hand to his young wife, the mournful account of the
+  combat. Nothing can be so affecting as this letter, written in
+  stiff characters, by unsteady fingers, and all soiled with dust
+  and blood. This misfortune was only the prelude to one far
+  greater. Not long afterwards, some people of Ghadames, who had
+  formed part of the Major's escort, arrived at Tripoli, and
+  informed Colonel Warrington that his relation had been
+  assassinated in the desert. Colonel Warrington could not confine
+  himself to giving barren tears to the memory of his son-in-law.
+  The interest of his glory, the honour of England, the affection
+  of a father&mdash;all made it his duty to seek after the authors
+  of the murder, and endeavour to discover what had become of the
+  papers of the victim. An uncertain report was soon spread that
+  the papers of Major Laing had been brought to Tripoli by people
+  of Ghadames; and that a Turk, named Hassouna Dghies, had
+  mysteriously received them. This is the same Dghies whom we have
+  seen at Marseilles, displaying so much luxury and folly, offering
+  to the ladies his perfumes and his shawls&mdash; a sort of
+  travelling Usbeck, without his philosophy and his wit. From
+  Marseilles he went to London, overwhelmed with debts, projecting
+  new ones, and always accompanied by women and creditors. Colonel
+  Warrington was long engaged in persevering researches, and at
+  length succeeded in finding a clue to this horrible mystery. The
+  Pasha, at his request, ordered the people who had made part of
+  the Major's escort to be brought from Ghadames. The truth was at
+  length on the point of being known; but this truth was too
+  formidable to Hassouna Dghies for him to dare to await it, and he
+  therefore took refuge in the abode of Mr. Coxe, the consul of the
+  United States. The Pasha sent word to Mr. Coxe, that he
+  recognised the inviolability of the asylum granted to Hassouna;
+  but that the evidence of the latter being necessary in the
+  prosecution of the proceedings relative to the assassination of
+  Major Laing, he begged him not to favour his flight. Colonel
+  Warrington wrote to his colleague to the same effect. However,
+  Hassouna Dghies left Tripoli on the 9th of August, <span class=
+  "pagenum"><a id="page219" name="page219"></a>[pg 219]</span> in
+  the night, in the disguise, it is said, of an American officer,
+  and took refuge on board the United States corvette
+  <i>Fairfield</i>, Captain Parker, which was then at anchor in the
+  roads of Tripoli. Doubtless, Captain Parker was deceived with
+  respect to Hassouna, otherwise the noble flag of the United
+  States would not have covered with its protection a man accused
+  of being an accomplice in an assassination.</p>
+
+  <p>It is fully believed that this escape was ardently solicited
+  by a French agent. It is even said, that the proposal was first
+  made to the captain of one of our (French) ships, but that he
+  nobly replied, that one of the king's officers could not favour a
+  suspicious flight&mdash;that he would not receive Hassouna on
+  board his ship, except by virtue of a written order, and, at all
+  events in open day, and without disguise.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Fairfield</i> weighed anchor on the 10th of August, in
+  the morning.</p>
+
+  <p>The Pasha, enraged at this escape of Hassouna, summoned to his
+  palace Mohamed Dghies, brother of the fugitive, and there, in the
+  presence of his principal officers, commanded him, with a stern
+  voice, to declare the truth. Mohamed fell at his master's feet,
+  and declared upon oath, and in writing, that his brother Hassouna
+  had had Major Laing's papers in his possession, but that he had
+  delivered them up to a person, for a deduction of forty per cent.
+  on the debts which he had contracted in France, and the recovery
+  of which this person was endeavouring to obtain by legal
+  proceedings.</p>
+
+  <p>The declaration of Mohamed extends to three pages, containing
+  valuable and very numerous details respecting the delivery of the
+  papers of the unfortunate Major, and all the circumstances of
+  this strange transaction.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <p>The shape and size of the Major's papers are indicated with
+  the most minute exactness; it is stated that these papers were
+  taken from him near Timbuctoo, and subsequently delivered to the
+  person abovementioned <i>entire, and without breaking the seals
+  of red wax</i>&mdash;a circumstance which would demonstrate the
+  participation of Hassouna in the assassination; for how can it be
+  supposed otherwise, that the wretches who murdered the Major
+  would have brought these packages to such a distance without
+  having been tempted by cupidity, or even the curiosity so natural
+  to savages, to break open their frail covers?</p>
+
+  <p>Mohamed, however, after he had left the palace, fearing that
+  the Pasha in his anger would make him answerable for his
+  brother's crime, according to the usual mode of doing justice at
+  Tripoli, hastened to seek refuge in the house of the person of
+  whom we have spoken, and to implore his protection. Soon
+  afterwards the consul-general of the Netherlands, accompanied by
+  his colleagues the consuls-general of Sweden, Denmark, and
+  Sardinia, proceeded to the residence of the person pointed out as
+  the receiver, and in the name of Colonel Warrington, and by
+  virtue of the declaration of Mohamed, called upon him instantly
+  to restore Major Laing's papers. He answered haughtily, that this
+  declaration was only a tissue of calumnies; and Mohamed, on his
+  side, trusting, doubtless, in a pretended inviolability,
+  yielding, perhaps, to fallacious promises, retracted his
+  declaration, completely disowned it, and even went so far as to
+  deny his own hand-writing.</p>
+
+  <p>This recantation deceived nobody; the Pasha, in a transport of
+  rage, sent to Mohamed his own son, Sidi Ali; this time influence
+  was of no avail. Mohamed, threatened with being seized by the
+  <i>chiaoux</i>, retracted his retractation; and in a new
+  declaration, in the presence of all the consuls, confirmed that
+  which he made in the morning before the Pasha and his
+  officers.</p>
+
+  <p>One consolatory fact results from these afflicting details:
+  the papers of Major Laing exist, and the learned world will
+  rejoice at the intelligence; but in the name of humanity, in the
+  name of science, in the name of the national
+  honour&mdash;compromised, perhaps, by disgraceful or criminal
+  bargains&mdash;it must be hoped that justice may fall upon the
+  guilty, whoever he may be.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>A COFFEE-ROOM CHARACTER.</h3>
+
+  <p>It was about the year 1805 that we were first ushered into the
+  dining-house called the Cheshire Cheese, in Wine-office-court. It
+  is known that Johnson once lodged in this court, and bought an
+  enormous cudgel while there, to resist a threatened attack from
+  Macpherson, the author, or editor, of <i>Ossian's Poems</i>. At
+  the time we first knew the place (for its visiters and keepers
+  are long since changed for the third or fourth time,) many came
+  there who remembered Johnson and Goldsmith spending their
+  evenings in the coffee-room; old half-pay officers, staid
+  tradesmen of the neighbourhood, and the like, formed the
+  principal portion of the company.</p>
+
+  <p>Few in this vast city know the alley <span class=
+  "pagenum"><a id="page220" name="page220"></a>[pg 220]</span> in
+  Fleet-street which leads to the sawdusted floor and shining
+  tables; those tables of mahogany, parted by green-curtained
+  seats, and bound with copper rims to turn the edge of the knife
+  which might perchance assail them during a warm debate; John Bull
+  having a propensity to commit such mutilations in the "torrent,
+  tempest, and whirlwind" of argument. Thousands have never seen
+  the homely clock that ticks over the chimney, nor the capacious,
+  hospitable-looking fire-place under,<a id="footnotetag3" name=
+  "footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> both as
+  they stood half a century ago, when Fleet-street was the emporium
+  of literary talent, and every coffee-house was distinguished by
+  some character of note who was regarded as the oracle of the
+  company.</p>
+
+  <p>Among these was old Colonel L&mdash;&mdash;e, in person short
+  and thick-set. He often sacrificed copiously to the jolly god, in
+  his box behind the door; he was a great smoker, and had numbered
+  between seventy and eighty years. Early in the evening he was
+  punctually at his post; he called, for his pipe and his "go of
+  rack," according to his diurnal custom; and surveying first the
+  persons at his own table, and then those in other parts of the
+  room, he commonly sat a few minutes in silence, as if waiting the
+  stimulating effect of the tobacco to wind up his conversational
+  powers, or perhaps he was bringing out defined images from the
+  dim reminiscences which floated in his sensorium. If a stranger
+  were near, he commonly addressed him with an old soldier's
+  freedom, on some familiar topic which little needed the
+  formalities of a set introduction; but soon changed the subject,
+  and commenced fighting "his battles o'er again." He talked much
+  of Minden, and the campaigns of 1758 and 59. He boasted of having
+  carried the colours of the 20th regiment, that bore the brunt of
+  the day there, and mainly contributed to obtain a "glorious
+  victory," as Southey, in his days of uncourtliness, called that
+  of Blenheim. But though thus fond of showing "how fields were
+  won," he was equally delighted with recounting his acquaintance
+  with more peaceful subjects. He had known Johnson and Goldsmith,
+  together with the list of worthies who honoured Fleet-street by
+  making it their abode between thirty and forty years before, and
+  were at that time visitants of the house. "At this very table,"
+  said he, speaking of that which is situated on the right-hand
+  behind the door, "Johnson used always to sit when he came here,
+  and Goldsmith also. I knew them well. Johnson overawed us all,
+  and every one became silent when he spoke." The colonel observed
+  of Goldsmith, "That no one would have thought much of him from
+  his company, though he had a great name in the world."</p>
+
+  <p>The colonel also knew something of Churchill, described him as
+  by no means prepossessing in person, and one of the last who
+  could have been supposed capable of writing as he wrote. The
+  colonel, in his old age, imagined he too had a taste for poetry,
+  and boasted of Goldsmith's having asserted (perhaps jokingly)
+  that he possessed a talent for writing verse. This idea working
+  in his mind for years, had induced him to print, in his old age,
+  what he called, to the best of my recollection, "A Continuation
+  of the Deserted Village." He always brought a copy with him of an
+  evening, and was fond of referring to it, and passing it round
+  for the company to look at&mdash;a weakness pardonable in a
+  garrulous old man. On revisiting the house, for old acquaintance
+  sake, after an absence of some years from London, I missed him
+  from his accustomed place, which I observed to be occupied by a
+  stranger. On inquiry, I found that he was departed to where human
+  vanity and human wisdom are upon a level, and where man is alike
+  deaf to the voice of literary and military ambition.&mdash;<i>New
+  Monthly Magazine</i>.</p>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <h2>NOTES OF A READER.</h2>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>THE ANNUALS FOR 1830.</h3>
+
+  <p>We feel it a duty to the proprietors of these elegant works,
+  as well as to our readers, to give the following <i>annonces</i>
+  of the several volumes for 1830:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Keepsake</i> is very forward. Among the contributors
+  are Sir Walter Scott, Lord Byron, and the author of "Anastasius."
+  Sir Walter's contribution is a dramatic romance, in imitation of
+  the German; and Lord Byron's are ten letters written by him
+  between 1821, and the time of his lordship's death.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Forget-Me-Not</i> will contain a very gem&mdash;being
+  the first known attempt at poetry, by Lord Byron, copied from the
+  autograph of the noble poet, and certified by the lady to whom it
+  was <span class="pagenum"><a id="page221" name="page221"></a>[pg
+  221]</span> addressed&mdash;the object of his lordship's first,
+  if not his only real attachment.</p>
+
+  <p>Mr. Ackermann has likewise announced a <i>Juvenile</i>
+  Forget-Me-Not, so as to remember all growths.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Literary Souvenir</i> is in a state of great
+  forwardness. Among the contributors are the authors of
+  "Kuzzil-bash;" "Constantinople in 1828;" "The Sorrows of
+  Rosalie;" and "Rouge et Noir." The pencils of Sir Thomas
+  Lawrence, Howard, Collins, Chalon, Harlowe, and Martin, have
+  furnished</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Amulet</i>, among its illustrations will contain an
+  engraving from Mulready's picture of an English Cottage; another
+  from Wilkie's "Dorty Bairn;" and another from a drawing by
+  Martin, engraved by Le Keux, for which he is said to have
+  received one hundred and eighty guineas. Mr. Hall, the editor,
+  has likewise been equally fortunate in an accession of literary
+  talent.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Juvenile</i> Forget-Me-Not, under the superintendence
+  of Mrs. S.C. Hall, also promises unusual attractions, both in
+  picture and print.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Juvenile Keepsake</i>, edited by Mr. T. Roscoe, is said
+  to be completed.</p>
+
+  <p>Another Juvenile Annual, to be called the <i>Zoological
+  Keepsake</i>, is announced, with a host of cuts to enliven the
+  "birds, beasts, and fishes" of the smaller growth.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Gem</i> will re-appear as the <i>Annual Gem</i>, with
+  thirteen embellishments, superintended by A. Cooper, R.A.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Bijou</i> promises well. The embellishments are of the
+  first order, from pictures by Sir Thomas Lawrence, Stothard,
+  Wilkie, and the lamented Bonington. Among the gems are a splendid
+  portrait of <i>the King</i>, from the president's picture, in the
+  possession of Sir William Knighton, Bart.; and a portrait of the
+  beautiful Mrs. Arbuthnot.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Winter's Wreath</i> will bloom with more than its
+  accustomed beauty. Among the contributors we notice, for the
+  first time, the author of "Rank and Talent."</p>
+
+  <p><i>Religious Annuals</i> are on the increase. One of the
+  novelties of this class is "<i>Emmanuel</i>," to be edited by the
+  author of "Clouds and Sunshine," of the excellence of which we
+  have many grateful recollections. The <i>Iris</i>, to be edited
+  by the Rev. Thomas Dale, is another novelty in this way.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Musical Bijou</i> has among its composers, Rossini,
+  Bishop, Kalk-brenner, Rodwell, J. Barnet, and others. The lyrists
+  and prose writers are Sir Walter Scott, T.H. Bayley, the Ettrick
+  Shepherd, Messrs. Planche, Richard Ryan, &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>One of the most splendid designs of the season is a
+  "<i>Landscape Annual, or the Tourist in Italy and
+  Switzerland</i>," from drawings by Prout; the literary department
+  by T. Roscoe, Esq. and to contain the most attractive views which
+  occur to the traveller on his route from Geneva to Rome. Some of
+  the plates are described as extremely brilliant.</p>
+
+  <p>Two <i>Transatlantic Annuals</i>, the <i>Atlantic
+  Souvenir</i>, published at Philadelphia, and the <i>Token</i>,
+  published at Boston&mdash;may be expected in London.</p>
+
+  <p>The foregoing are all the announcements we have been able to
+  collect. We miss two or three established favourites; but we hope
+  to make their promises the subject of a future paragraph.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>THE GOOSE.</h3>
+
+  <p>In England the goose is sacred to St. Michael; in Scotland,
+  where dainties were not going every day,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>"'Twas Christmas sent its savoury goose."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The Michaelmas goose is said to owe its origin to Queen
+  Elizabeth's dining on one at the table of an English baronet on
+  that day when she received tidings of the dispersion of the
+  Spanish Armada, in commemoration of which she ordered the
+  <i>goose</i> to make its appearance every Michaelmas. In some
+  places, particularly Caithness, geese are cured and smoked, and
+  are highly relishing. Smoked Solan geese are well known as
+  contributing to the abundance of a Scottish breakfast, though too
+  rank and fishy-flavoured for unpractised palates. The goose has
+  made some figure in English history. The churlishness of the
+  brave Richard Coeur de Lion, a sovereign distinguished for an
+  insatiable appetite and vigorous digestion, in an affair of roast
+  goose, was the true cause of his captivity in Germany. The king,
+  disguised as a palmer, was returning to his own dominions,
+  attended by Sir Fulk Doyley and Sir Thomas de Multon, "brothers
+  in arms," and wearing the same privileged garb. They arrived in
+  Almain, (Germany,) at the town of Carpentras, where,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>"A <i>goose</i> they dight to their dinner.</p>
+
+      <p>In a tavern where they were.</p>
+
+      <p>King Richard the fire bet,</p>
+
+      <p>Thomas to him the spit set;</p>
+
+      <p>Fouk Doyley tempered the wood;</p>
+
+      <p>Dear a-bought they that good;"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page222" name="page222"></a>[pg
+  222]</span> for in came a <i>Minstralle</i>, or she-Minstrel,
+  with offer of specimens of her art in return for a leg of the
+  goose and a cup of the wine. Richard, who loved "rich meats," and
+  cared little at this time for their usual accompaniment,
+  "minstrelsy,"&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>"&mdash;bade that she would go;</p>
+
+      <p>That turned him to mickle woe.</p>
+
+      <p>The Minstralle took in mind,</p>
+
+      <p>And said, ye are men unkind:</p>
+
+      <p>And if I may ye shall <i>for-think</i></p>
+
+      <p>Ye gave me neither meat nor drink!"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The lady, who was English, recognised the king, and denounced
+  him to the king of Germany, who ordered the pilgrims into his
+  presence, insulted Richard, "said him shame," called him
+  <i>taylard</i>, probably for his affection for goose, and finally
+  ordered him to a dungeon. But Richard, a true knightly eater,
+  who, besides roast goose, liked to indulge in</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8">"Bread and wine,</p>
+
+      <p>Piment and clarry good and fine;</p>
+
+      <p>Cranes and swans, and venison;</p>
+
+      <p>Partridges, plovers, and heron,&mdash;</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>was neither dainty nor over-nice. At a pinch he could eat any
+  thing, which on sundry emergencies stood him in great stead.
+  <i>Wax</i> and <i>nuts</i>, and tallow and grease mixed, carried
+  him through one campaign, when the enemy thought to have starved
+  out the English army and its cormorant commander. The courage and
+  strength of Richard were always redoubled after dinner. It was
+  then his greatest feats were performed.&mdash;<i>Romance of Coeur
+  de Lion</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>The livers of geese and poultry are esteemed a great delicacy
+  by some <i>gourmands</i>; and on the continent great pains are
+  taken to procure fat overgrown livers. The methods employed to
+  produce this diseased state of the animals are as disgusting to
+  rational taste as revolting to humanity. The geese are crammed
+  with fat food, deprived of drink, kept in an intolerably hot
+  atmosphere, and fastened by the feet (we have heard of nailing)
+  to the shelves of the fattening cribs. The celebrated
+  <i>Strasburg pies</i>, which are esteemed so great a delicacy
+  that they are often sent as presents to distant places, are
+  enriched with these diseased livers. It is a mistake that these
+  pies are wholly made of this artificial animal substance.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>TURKEY</h3>
+
+  <p>Colonel Rottiers, a recent traveller in Turkey, holds out the
+  following temptation to European enterprise:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>The terrestrial paradise, which is supposed to be situated in
+  Armenia, appeared to M. Rottiers to stretch along the shores of
+  the Black Sea. The green banks, sloping into the water, are
+  sometimes decked with box-trees of uncommon size, sometimes
+  clothed with natural orchards, in which the cherries, pears,
+  pomegranates, and other fruits, growing in their indigenous soil,
+  possess a flavour indescribably exquisite. The bold eminences are
+  crowned with superb forests or majestic ruins, which alternately
+  rule the scenes of this devoted country, from the water's edge to
+  the summit of the mountains. The moral and political condition of
+  the country contrasts forcibly with the flourishing aspect of
+  nature. At Sinope there is no commerce, and the Greeks having, in
+  consequence, deserted the place, the population is at present
+  below 5,000. This city, once the capital of the great
+  Mithridates, enjoys natural advantages, which, but for the
+  barbarism of the Turkish government, would soon raise it into
+  commercial eminence. It has a deep and capacious
+  harbour&mdash;the finest timber in the world grows in its
+  vicinity&mdash;and the district of the interior, with which it
+  immediately communicates, is one of the most productive and
+  industrious in Asiatic Turkey. Amasia, the ancient capital of
+  Cappadocia, Tokat, and Costambol, are rich and populous towns.
+  Near the last is held an annual fair, commencing fifteen days
+  before the feast of Ramadan, and which is said to be attended by
+  at least fifty thousand merchants, from all parts of the east.
+  From the nature of the country in which it is situated, M.
+  Rottiers is disposed to believe that Sinope holds out peculiarly
+  strong inducements to European enterprise. He also had an
+  opportunity of observing, that its defences were gone totally to
+  ruin, and significantly remarks, that it could not possibly
+  withstand a <i>coup de main</i>. Amastra, a great and wealthy
+  city while possessed by the Genoese in the middle ages, is now a
+  wretched village, occupied by a few Turkish families, whose whole
+  industry consists in making a few toys and articles of wooden
+  ware. It stands on a peninsula, which appears to have been
+  formerly an island, and the Isthmus uniting it to the mainland is
+  wholly composed, according to the account of Mr. Eton, who
+  surveyed part of this coast, of fragments of columns and marble
+  friezes.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>GEORGIAN WINE.</h3>
+
+  <p>The chief production of Georgia is wine, which is of excellent
+  quality, and so abundant in the countries situated <span class=
+  "pagenum"><a id="page223" name="page223"></a>[pg 223]</span>
+  between the Caspian and the Black Seas, that it would soon become
+  a most important object of exportation, if the people could be
+  induced to improve their methods of making and preserving it. At
+  present the grapes are gathered and pressed without any care, and
+  the process of fermentation is so unskilfully managed, that the
+  wine rarely keeps till the following vintage. The skins of
+  animals are the vessels in which it is kept. The hair is turned
+  inwards, and the interior of the bag is thickly besmeared with
+  asphaltum or mineral tar, which renders the vessel indeed
+  perfectly sound, but imparts an abominable flavour to the wine,
+  and even adds to its acescence. The Georgians have not yet
+  learned to keep their wine in casks, without which it is vain to
+  look for any improvements in its manufacture. Yet the mountains
+  abound in the requisite materials, and only a few coopers are
+  requisite to make the commencement. The consumption of wine in
+  Georgia, and above all at Tiflis, is prodigiously great. From the
+  prince to the peasant the ordinary ration of a Georgian, if we
+  may believe M. Gamba, is one <i>tonque</i>, (equal to five
+  bottles and a half of Bordeaux) per day. A <i>tonque</i> of the
+  best wine, such as is drunk by persons of rank, costs about
+  twenty sous; the inferior wines are sold for less than a sous per
+  bottle.&mdash;<i>Foreign Quar. Rev</i>.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>HISTORICAL FIDELITY.</h3>
+
+  <p>The court historiographer of the Burmese, has recorded in the
+  national chronicle his account of the war with the English to the
+  following purport: &mdash;"In the years 1186 and 87, the
+  Kula-pyu, or white strangers of the west, fastened a quarrel upon
+  the Lord of the Golden Palace. They landed at Rangoon, took that
+  place and Prome, and were permitted to advance as far as Yandabo;
+  for the king, from motives of piety and regard to life, made no
+  effort whatever to oppose them. The strangers had spent vast sums
+  of money in their enterprise; and by the time they reached
+  Yandabo, their resources were exhausted, and they were in great
+  distress. They petitioned the king, who, in his clemency and
+  generosity, sent them large sums of money to pay their expenses
+  back, and ordered them out of the country."&mdash; <i>Crawfurd's
+  Embassy to Ava.</i></p>
+
+  <p>To quote a vulgar proverb, this is making the best of a bad
+  job.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>DRESS.</h3>
+
+  <p>How far a man's clothes are or are not a part of himself, is
+  more than I would take on myself to decide, without farther
+  inquiry; though I lean altogether to the affirmative. The
+  inhabitants of the South Sea Islands were astonished and alarmed
+  when they, first saw the Europeans strip. Yet they would have
+  been much more so, could they have entered into the notions
+  prevalent in the civilized world on the subject of a wardrobe;
+  could they have understood how much virtue lies inherent in a
+  superfine broad cloth, how much respectability in a gilt button,
+  how much sense in the tie of a cravat, how much amiability in the
+  cut of a sleeve, how much merit of every sort in a Stultz and a
+  Hoby. There are who pretend, and that with some plausibilty, that
+  these things are but typical; that taste in dress is but the
+  outward and visible sign of the frequentation of good company;
+  and that propriety of exterior is but evidence of a general sense
+  of the fitness of things. Yet if this were really the case, if
+  there were nothing intrinsic in the relation of the clothes to
+  the wearer, how could a good coat at once render a pickpocket
+  respectable; or a clean shirt pass current, as it does, with
+  police magistrates for a clean conscience. In England, a handsome
+  <i>toggery</i> is a better defensive armour, than "helm and
+  hauberk's twisted mail." While the seams are perfect, and the
+  elbows do not appear through the cloth, the law cannot penetrate
+  it. A gentleman, (that is to say, a man who can pay his tailor's
+  bill,) is above suspicion; and benefit of clergy is nothing to
+  the privilege and virtue of a handsome exterior. That the skin is
+  nearer than the shirt, is a most false and mistaken idea. The
+  smoothest skin in Christendom would not weigh with a jury like a
+  cambric ruffle; and moreover, there is not a poor devil in town
+  striving to keep up appearances in spite of fortune, who would
+  not far rather tear his flesh than his unmentionables; which can
+  only arise from their being so much more important a part of
+  himself.&mdash;<i>New Monthly Magazine</i>.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <p>The French have a kind of irritable jealousy towards the
+  English, which makes them forget their general politeness. Give
+  them but a civil word, make the least advance, and they receive
+  you with open arms; but show them that cold reserve with which an
+  Englishman generally treats all strangers, and every Frenchman's
+  hand is on his sword.&mdash;<i>New Monthly Magazine</i>.</p>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page224" name="page224"></a>[pg
+  224]</span></p>
+
+  <h2>THE GATHERER.</h2>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.</p>
+
+      <p>SHAKSPEARE.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>JACK SHEPPARD.</h3>
+
+  <p>When this notorious felon was under sentence of death, the
+  Right Hon. Charles Wolfran Cornwall, then Speaker of the House of
+  Commons, was strongly solicited to apply to his majesty for a
+  pardon, as he was related to him. "No," said Mr. Cornwall, "I
+  should deserve public censure if I attempted to contribute to the
+  prolongation of the life of a man who has so frequently been a
+  nuisance to society, and has given so many proofs that kindness
+  to him would be cruelty to others. Were my own son to offend
+  one-tenth part so often as he has done, I should think it my duty
+  rather to solicit his punishment than his pardon."</p>
+
+  <p>C.C.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>EPITAPH</h3>
+
+  <p><i>On S&mdash;&mdash; E&mdash;&mdash;, an intelligent and
+  amiable boy, who was unfortunately drowned while bathing</i>.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Though gentle as a dove, his soul sublime,</p>
+
+      <p>For heav'n impatient, would not wait for time;</p>
+
+      <p>Ere youth had bloom'd his virtues ripe were seen,</p>
+
+      <p>A man in intellect! a child in mien!</p>
+
+      <p>A hallow'd wave from mercy's fount was pour'd,</p>
+
+      <p>And, wash'd from clay, to bliss his spirit soar'd.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>A HOLY HERMIT.</h3>
+
+  <p>A hermit, named Parnhe, being upon the road to meet his bishop
+  who had sent for him, met a lady most magnificently dressed,
+  whose incomparable beauty drew the eyes of every body on her. The
+  saint having looked at her, and being himself struck with
+  astonishment, immediately burst into tears. Those who were with
+  him wondering to see him weep, demanded the cause of his grief.
+  "I have two reasons," replied he, "for my tears; I weep to think
+  how fatal an impression that woman makes on all who behold her;
+  and I am touched with sorrow when I reflect that I, for my
+  salvation, and to please God, have never taken one-tenth part of
+  the pains which this woman has taken to please men alone."</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>BUNGLING TRANSLATION.</h3>
+
+  <p>At a country village in Yorkshire, was an old established
+  cobbler, who cracked his joke, loved his pipe and lived happy. In
+  short, he was a sober and industrious man. His quiet, however,
+  was disturbed by an unexpected opposition in his trade, at the
+  same village, and to add to his misfortune, the new comer
+  established himself directly opposite to the old cobbler's stall,
+  and at the same time to show his learning and probity, painted in
+  large letters over his door, "<i>Mens conscia recti</i>." To
+  conceive the meaning of this, the poor cobbler laboured night and
+  day, but unsuccessfully; he at last determined that this
+  "<i>consciarecti</i>" was a new sort of shoe made for men's use;
+  he therefore painted over his door, "<i>Men's and Women's
+  consciarecti</i>," where it remains still.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <p>A schoolboy reading Cassar's "Commentaries" came to translate
+  the following passage thus: "Caesar venit in Gallia summa
+  diligentia." "Caesar came into Gaul on the top of the
+  Diligence."</p>
+
+  <p>O.O.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>VERY BAD.</h3>
+
+  <p>A wag, who "will be the death of us," says he bought a cake
+  the other evening:&mdash;"It is <i>thundering</i> weight,"
+  observed the baker: "I hope it will not <i>lighten</i> before I
+  get it home," was the equivocal reply.</p>
+
+  <p>Q.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3>IMPROMPTU</h3>
+
+  <p>On hearing a <i>Watchman</i> cry the hour on Tuesday morning,
+  September 29, the last of his duty.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>"Farewell! mine occupation's gone,"</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">He sung in "half-past five;"</p>
+
+      <p>Here ends his call, his beat is done,</p>
+
+      <p class="i2">How then can he survive.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>TOM.</p>
+  <hr />
+
+  <h3><i>LIMBIRD'S EDITIONS</i>.</h3>
+
+  <p>CHEAP and POPULAR WORKS published at the MIRROR OFFICE in the
+  Strand, near Somerset House.</p>
+
+  <p>The ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS, Embellished with nearly
+  150 Engravings. In 6 Parts, 1s. each.</p>
+
+  <p>The TALES of the GENII. 4 Parts, 6d. each.</p>
+
+  <p>The MICROCOSM. By the Right Hon. G. CANNING. &amp;c. 4 Parts,
+  6d. each.</p>
+
+  <p>PLUTARCH'S LIVES, with Fifty Portraits, 12 Parts, 1s.
+  each.</p>
+
+  <p>COWPER'S POEMS, with 12 Engravings, 12 Numbers, 3d. each.</p>
+
+  <p>COOK'S VOYAGES, 28 Numbers, 3d. each.</p>
+
+  <p>The CABINET of CURIOSITIES: or, WONDERS of the WORLD
+  DISPLAYED. 27 Nos. 2d. each.</p>
+
+  <p>BEAUTIES of SCOTT, 36 Numbers, 3d. each.</p>
+
+  <p>The ARCANA of SCIENCE for 1828. Price 4s. 6d.</p>
+
+  <p>GOLDSMITH'S ESSAYS. Price 8d.</p>
+
+  <p>DR. FRANKLIN'S ESSAYS. Price 1s. 2d.</p>
+
+  <p>BACON'S ESSAYS Price 8d.</p>
+
+  <p>SALMAGUNDI. Price 1s. 8d.</p>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <blockquote class="footnote">
+    <a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a> <b>Footnote 1</b>:
+    <a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+
+    <p>At the end of Dorset-street, now communicating with
+    Fleet-street, through Salisbury-square and Salisbury-court.</p>
+  </blockquote>
+
+  <blockquote class="footnote">
+    <a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a> <b>Footnote 2</b>:
+    <a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+
+    <p>The <i>Globe</i>, the <i>Rose</i>, and the <i>Swan</i>, were
+    on Baukside; besides which there were, either then or after,
+    six other theatres on the Middlesex bank of the Thames.</p>
+  </blockquote>
+
+  <blockquote class="footnote">
+    <a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a> <b>Footnote 3</b>:
+    <a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+
+    <p>We may add that still fewer have seen the characteristic
+    whole-length portrait of "<i>Harry</i>," <i>the waiter</i>,
+    which has been placed over the fireplace, by subscription among
+    the frequenters of the room. <i>Wageman</i> is the painter, and
+    nothing can describe the <i>bonhommie</i> of Harry, who has
+    just drawn the cork of a pint of port, exulting in all the
+    vainglory of crust and bees' wing.&mdash;ED. MIRROR.</p>
+  </blockquote>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 392 ***
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume 14, No. 392, Saturday, October 3, 1829.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 5, 2004 [EBook #11456]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 392 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Andy Schmitt, David Garcia and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XIV, NO. 392.] SATURDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1829. [PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+
+The Duke's Theatre, Dorset Gardens.
+
+
+[Illustration: The Duke's Theatre, Dorset Gardens.]
+
+
+The above theatre was erected in the year 1671, about a century after the
+regular establishment of theatres in England. It rose in what may be
+called the brazen age of the Drama, when the prosecutions of the Puritans
+had just ceased, and legitimacy and licentiousness danced into the theatre
+hand in hand. At the Restoration, the few players who had not fallen in
+the wars or died of poverty, assembled under the banner of Sir William
+Davenant, at the Red Bull Theatre. Rhodes, a bookseller, at the same time,
+fitted up the Cockpit in Drury Lane, where he formed a company of entirely
+new performers. This was in 1659, when Rhodes's two apprentices, Betterton
+and Kynaston, were the stars. These companies afterwards united, and were
+called the Duke's Company. About the same time, Killigrew, that eternal
+caterer for good things, collected together a few of the old actors who
+were honoured with the title of the "King's Company," or "His Majesty's
+Servants," which distinction is preserved by the Drury Lane Company, to
+the present day, and is inherited from Killigrew, who built and opened
+the first theatre in Drury Lane, in 1663. In 1662, Sir William Davenant
+obtained a patent for building "the Duke's Theatre," in Little Lincoln's
+Inn Fields, which he opened with the play of "the Siege of Rhodes,"
+written by himself. The above company performed here till 1671, when
+another "Duke's Theatre." was built in Dorset Gardens,[1] by Sir
+Christopher Wren, in a similar style of architecture to that in Lincoln's
+Inn Fields. The company removed thither, November 9, in the same year, and
+continued performing till the union of the Duke and the King's Companies,
+in 1682; and performances were continued occasionally here until 1697. The
+building was demolished about April, 1709, and the site is now occupied by
+the works of a Gas Light Company.
+
+
+    [1] At the end of Dorset-street, now communicating with Fleet-street,
+        through Salisbury-square and Salisbury-court.
+
+
+The Duke's Theatre, as the engraving shows, had a handsome front towards
+the river, with a landing-place for visiters by water, a fashion which
+prevailed in the early age of the Drama, if we may credit the assertion of
+Taylor, the water poet, that about the year 1596, the number of watermen
+maintained by conveying persons to the theatres on the banks of the
+Thames, was not less than 40,000, showing a love of the drama at that
+early period which is very extraordinary.[2] All we have left of this
+aquatic rage is a solitary boat now and then skimming and scraping to
+Vauxhall Gardens.
+
+
+    [2] The _Globe_, the _Rose_, and the _Swan_, were on Baukside;
+        besides which there were, either then or after, six other
+        theatres on the Middlesex bank of the Thames.
+
+
+The upper part of the front will be admired for its characteristic taste;
+as the figures of Comedy and Tragedy surmounting the balustrade, the
+emblematic flame, and the wreathed arms of the founder.
+
+Operas were first introduced on the English stage, at Dorset Gardens, in
+1673, with "expensive scenery;" and in Lord Orrery's play of Henry V.,
+performed here in the year previous, the actors, Harris, Betterton, and
+Smith, wore the coronation suits of the Duke of York, King Charles, and
+Lord Oxford.
+
+The names of Betterton and Kynaston bespeak the importance of the Duke's
+Theatre. Cibber calls Betterton "an actor, as Shakspeare was an author,
+both without competitors;" in his performance of _Hamlet_, he profited by
+the instructions of Sir William Davenant, who embodied his recollections
+of Joseph Taylor, instructed by SHAKSPEARE to play the character! What
+a delightful association--to see Hamlet represented in the true vein in
+which the sublime author conceived it! Kynaston's celebrity was of a more
+equivocal description. He played _Juliet_ to Betterton's _Romeo_, and was
+the Siddons of his day; for women did not generally appear on the stage
+till after the Restoration. The anecdote of Charles II. waiting at the
+theatre for the stage _queen_ to be _shaved_ is well known.
+
+Pepys speaks of Harris, in his interesting _Diary_ as "growing very proud,
+and demanding 20_l_. for himself extraordinary more than Betterton, or
+any body else, upon every new play, and 10_l_. upon every revive; which,
+with other things, Sir William Davenant would not give him, and so he
+swore he would never act there more, in expectation of his being received
+in the other house;" (this was in 1663, at the Duke's Theatre in Lincoln's
+Inn Fields.) "He tells me that the fellow grew very proud of late, the
+King and every body else crying him up so high," &c. Poor Sir William, he
+must have been as much worried and vexed as Mr. Ebers with the Operatics,
+or any Covent Garden manager, in our time; whose days and nights are not
+very serene, although passed among the _stars_,
+
+In one of Pepys's notices of Hart, he tells us "It pleased us mightily
+to see the natural affection of a poor woman, the mother of one of the
+children brought upon the stage; the child crying, she, by force, got upon
+the stage, and took up her child, and carried it away off the stage from
+Hart." This pleasant playgoer likewise says, in 1667-8, "when I began
+first to be able to bestow a play on myself, I do not remember that I saw
+so many by half of the ordinary prentices and mean people in the pit at
+2_s_. 6_d_. a-piece as now; I going for several years no higher than the
+12_d_. and then the 18_d_. places, though I strained hard to go in then
+when I did; so much the vanity and prodigality of the age is to be
+observed in this particular."
+
+It may be at this moment interesting to mention that the first Covent
+Garden Theatre was opened under the patent granted to Sir William Davenant
+for the Dorset Gardens and Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatres. We must also
+acknowledge our obligation for the preceding notes to the _Companion to
+the Theatres_, a pretty little work which we noticed _en passant_ when
+published, and which we now seasonably recommend to the notice of our
+readers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FOUR SONNETS.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+SPRING.
+
+
+  Season of sighs perfumed, and maiden flowers,
+    Young Beauty's birthday, cradled in delight
+  And kept by muses in the blushing bowers
+    Where snow-drops spring most delicately white!
+  Oh it is luxury to minds that feel
+    Now to prove truants to the giddy world,
+  Calmly to watch the dewy tints that steal
+    O'er opening roses--'till in smiles unfurled
+  Their fresh-made petals silently unfold.
+    Or mark the springing grass--or gaze upon
+  Primeval morning till the hues of gold
+    Blaze forth and centre in the glorious sun!
+  Whose gentler beams exhale the tears of night,
+  And bid each grateful tongue deep melodies indite.
+
+
+SUMMER.
+
+
+  Now is thy fragrant garland made complete,
+    Maturing year! but as its many dyes
+  Mingle in rainbow hues divinely sweet,
+    They fade and fleet in unobserved sighs!
+  Yet now all fresh and fair, how dear thou art,
+    Just born to breathe and perish! touched by heaven,
+  From lifeless Winter to a beating heart,
+    From scathing blasts to Summer's balmy even!
+  Methinks some angel from the bowers of bliss,
+    In May descended, scattering blossoms round,
+  Embraced each opening flower, bestowed a kiss,
+    And woke the notes of harmony profound;
+  But ere July had waned, alas, she fled,
+  Took back to heaven the flowers, and left the falling leaves instead.
+
+
+AUTUMN.
+
+
+  Field flowers and breathing minstrelsy, farewell!
+    The rose is colourless and withering fast,
+  Sweet Philomel her song forgets to swell,
+    And Summer's rich variety is past!
+  The sear leaves wander, and the hoar of age
+    Gathers her trophy for the dying year,
+  And following in her noiseless pilgrimage,
+    Waters her couch with many a pearly tear.
+  Yet there is one unchanging friend who stays
+    To cheer the passage into Winter's gloom--
+  The redbreast chants his solitary lays,
+    A simple requiem over Nature's tomb,
+  So, when the Spring of life shall end with me,
+  God of my Fathers! may I find a changeless Friend in thee!
+
+
+WINTER.
+
+
+  The trees are leafless, and the hollow blast
+    Sings a shrill anthem to the bitter gloom,
+  The lately smiling pastures are a waste,
+    While beauty generates in Nature's womb;
+  The frowning clouds are charged with fleecy snow,
+    And storm and tempest bear a rival sway;
+  Soft gurgling rivulets have ceased to flow,
+    And beauty's garlands wither in decay:
+  Yet look but heavenward! beautiful and young
+    In life and lustre see the stars of night
+  Untouch'd by time through ages roll along,
+    And clear as when at first they burst to light.
+  And then look from the stars where heaven appears
+  Clad in the fertile Spring of everlasting years!
+
+BENJAMIN GOUGH.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EXERCISE, AIR, AND SLEEP.
+
+(_Abridged from Mr. Richards's "Treatise on Nervous Disorders."_)
+
+
+The generality of people are well aware of the vast importance of exercise;
+but few are acquainted with its _modus operandi_, and few avail
+themselves so fully as they might of its extensive benefits. The function
+of respiration, which endues the blood with its vivifying principle, is
+very much influenced by exercise; for our Omniscient Creator has given to
+our lungs the same faculty of imbibing nutriment from various kinds of
+air, as He has given to the stomach the power of extracting nourishment
+from different kinds of aliment; and as the healthy functions of the
+stomach depend upon the due performance of certain chemical and mechanical
+actions, so do the functions of the lungs depend upon the due performance
+of proper exercise.
+
+Man being an animal destined for an active and useful life, Providence has
+ordained that sloth shall bring with it its own punishment. He who passes
+nearly the whole of his life in the open air, inhaling a salubrious
+atmosphere, enjoys health and vigour of body with tranquillity of mind,
+and dies at the utmost limit allotted to mortality. He, on the contrary,
+who leads an indolent or sedentary life, combining with it excessive
+mental exertion, is a martyr to a train of nervous symptoms, which are
+extremely annoying. Man was not created for a sedentary or slothful life;
+but all his organs and attributes are calculated for an existence of
+activity and industry. If therefore we would insure health and comfort,
+we must make exercise--to use Dr. Cheyne's expression--a part of our
+religion. But this exercise should be _in the open air_, and in such
+places as are most free from smoke, or any noxious exhalations; where, in
+fact, the air circulates freely, purely, and abundantly. I am continually
+told by persons that they take a great deal of exercise, being constantly
+on their feet from morning till night; but, upon inquiry, it happens, that
+this exercise is not in the open air, but in a crowded apartment, perhaps,
+as in a public office, a manufactory, or at a dress maker's, where twenty
+or thirty young girls are crammed together from nine o'clock in the
+morning till nine at night, or, what is nearly as pernicious, in a house
+but thinly inhabited. Exercise this cannot be called; it is the worst
+species of labour, entailing upon its victims numerous evils. Good air
+is as essential as wholesome food; for the air, by coming into immediate
+contact with the blood, enters at once into the constitution. If therefore
+the air be bad, every part of the body, whether near the heart or far from
+it, must participate in the evil which is produced.
+
+It is on this account that exercise _in the open air_ is so materially
+beneficial to digestion. If the blood be not properly prepared by the
+action of good air, how can the arteries of the stomach secrete good
+gastric juice? Then, we have a mechanical effect besides. By exercise the
+circulation of the blood is rendered more energetic and regular. Every
+artery, muscle, and gland is excited into action, and the work of
+existence goes on with spirit. The muscles press the blood-vessels, and
+squeeze the glands, so that none of them can be idle; so that, in short,
+every organ thus influenced must be in action. The consequence of all this
+is, that every function is well performed. The stomach digests readily,
+the liver pours out its bile freely, the bowels act regularly, and much
+superfluous heat is thrown out by perspiration. These are all very
+important operations, and in proportion to the perfection with which they
+are performed will be the health and comfort of the individual.
+
+There is another process accomplished by exercise, which more immediately
+concerns the nervous system. "Many people," says Mr. Abernethy, "who are
+extremely irritable and hypochondriacal, and are constantly obliged to
+take medicines to regulate their bowels while they live an inactive life,
+no longer suffer from nervous irritation, or require aperient medicines
+when they use exercise to a degree that would be excessive in ordinary
+constitutions." This leads us to infer that the superfluous energy of
+the nerves is exhausted by the exercise of the body, and that as the
+abstraction of blood mitigates inflammations, in like manner does the
+abstraction of nervous irritability restore tranquillity to the system.
+This of course applies only to a state of high nervous irritation; but
+exercise is equally beneficial when the constitution is much weakened, by
+producing throughout the whole frame that energetic action which has been
+already explained.
+
+A debilitated frame ought never to take so much exercise as to cause
+fatigue, neither ought exercise to be taken immediately _before_ nor
+immediately _after_ a full meal. Mr. Abernethy's prescription is a very
+good one--to rise early and use active exercise _in the open air_, till a
+slight degree of fatigue be felt; then to rest one hour, and breakfast.
+After this rest three hours, "in order that the energies of the
+constitution may be concentrated in the work of digestion;" then take
+active exercise again for two hours, rest one, and then dine. After dinner
+rest for three hours; and afterwards, in summer, take a gentle stroll,
+which, with an hour's rest before supper, will constitute the plan of
+exercise for the day. In wet or inclement weather, the exercise may be
+taken in the house, the windows being opened, "by walking actively
+backwards and forwards, as sailors do on ship-board."
+
+We now come to the consideration of _air_. Pure air is as necessary to
+existence as good and wholesome food; perhaps more so; for our food has to
+undergo a very elaborate change before it is introduced into the mass of
+circulating blood, while the air is received at once into the lungs, and
+comes into immediate contact with the blood in that important organ. The
+effect of the air upon the blood is this: by thrusting out as it were, all
+the noxious properties which it has collected in its passage through the
+body, it endues it with the peculiar property of vitality, that is, it
+enables it to build up, repair, and excite the different functions and
+organs of the body. If therefore this air, which we inhale every instant,
+be not pure, the whole mass of blood is very soon contaminated, and the
+frame, in some part or other speedily experiences the bad effects. This
+will explain to us the almost miraculous benefits which are obtained by
+_change of air_, as well as the decided advantages of a free and copious
+ventilation. The prejudices against a free circulation of air, especially
+in the sick chamber, are productive of great evil. The rule as regards
+this is plain and simple: admit as much fresh air as you can; provided it
+does not _blow in_ upon you _in a stream_, and provided you are not in a
+state of profuse perspiration at the time; for in accordance with the
+Spanish proverb--
+
+
+  "If the wind blows on you through a hole
+  Make your will, and take care of your soul."
+
+
+but if the _whole of the body be exposed at once_ to a cold atmosphere,
+no bad consequences need be anticipated.
+
+A great deal has been said about the necessary quantity of _sleep;_ that
+is, how long one ought to indulge in sleeping. This question, like many
+others, cannot be reduced to mathematical precision; for much must depend
+upon habit, constitution, and the nature and duration of our occupations.
+A person in good health, whose mental and physical occupations are not
+particularly laborious, will find seven or eight hours' sleep quite
+sufficient to refresh his frame. Those whose constitutions are
+debilitated, or whose occupations are studious or laborious, require
+rather more; but the best rule in all eases is to sleep till you are
+refreshed, and then get up. If you feel inclined for a snug nap after
+dinner, indulge in it; but do not let it exceed _half an hour;_ if you do,
+you will be dull and uncomfortable afterwards, instead of brisk and
+lively.
+
+In sleeping, as in eating and drinking, we must consult our habits and
+feelings, which are excellent monitors. What says the poet?--
+
+  "Preach not to me your musty rules,
+    Ye drones, that mused in idle cell,
+  The heart is wiser than the schools,
+    The senses always reason well."
+
+One particular recommendation I would propose in concluding this subject,
+from the observance of which much benefit has been derived--it is to sleep
+in a room as large and as airy as possible, and in a bed but little
+encumbered with curtains. The lungs must respire during sleep, as well as
+at any other time; and it is of great consequence that the air should be
+as pure as possible. In summer curtains should not be used at all, and in
+winter we should do well without them. In summer every wise man, who can
+afford it, will sleep out of town--at any of the villages which are
+removed sufficiently from the smoke and impurities of this overgrown
+metropolis.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE NOVELIST.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+AN INCIDENT AT FONDI.
+
+  "Away--three cheers--on we go."
+
+
+The morning was delightful; neither Corregio, nor Claude, with all their
+magic of conception could have made it lovelier. The heaven expanded like
+an azure sea--and the dimpling clouds of gold were its Elysian isles--not
+unlike the splendid images we are apt to admire in the poems of _Petrarch_
+and _Alamanni_. The music of the birds kept time to the sound of the
+postilions' whips--the streams sung a fairy legend, and the merry woods,
+touched with the brilliant glow of an Italian sun, breathed into the air
+a delicious sonata. Such a morning as this was formed for something
+memorable! The Grand Diavolo and his bravest ruffians awaited the
+travellers' approach.
+
+The carriage had pursued the direction of the path at a speed unequalled
+in the annals of the postilions; but the termination of the dell did not
+appear. Huge impending cliffs with their crown of trees imparted a shadowy
+depth to the solitude, which the travellers did not seem to relish.
+
+"How cursed inconvenient is this dell with its frightful woods," said the
+baronet to his smiling daughter, "one might as well be sequestered in
+Dante's Inferno. Look at those awful rocks--my mind misgives me as I view
+them. Sure there are no brigands concealed hereabout!"
+
+"Hope not, Pa'," replied the graceful Rosalia; but the last word had
+scarcely died on her lips, ere a discharge of shot was heard. The baronet
+opened his carriage door, and leaped on the ground.
+
+"Hollo! John, Tom, pistols here, my lads, a pretty rencontre this! Stand
+by Rosalia, my own self and purse I don't value a grout, but stand the
+brunt, lads; here they come--oh, that I had met them at Waterloo!"
+
+This attack perplexed the thoughts of the poor baronet. He regarded it as
+a romance in which he was to become the hero. But his present situation
+did not allow him the fascination of a dream. The brigands advanced from
+their concealment, and their chief, who seemed a most pleasant and polite
+scoundrel, commanded his men to inspect the luggage of the travellers.
+
+"Humph! and is that all?" growled the baronet.
+
+"I want a thousand crowns," said the chief, in a gentle tone, "you may
+then proceed."
+
+"Humph! and won't five hundred do?"
+
+"I insist!" returned the brigand, placing his hand on his sword!
+
+This menace was enough. It produced an awful consternation in the
+countenance of the Englishman. He, dear man, felt his heart quake within
+him, as he paid the brigand his enormous demand. But a second trial was
+reserved for him--he turned to his carriage--his daughter was not there!
+where could she be? He heard a laugh, and on raising his head, saw the
+identical object of his care! She waved her delicate white handkerchief
+from the steeps above, while an Italian officer stood beside her laughing
+with all his might. The suspicions of the father were realized. He was the
+tall intriguing scamp who had charmed the eyes of Rosalia at the inn!
+
+Away ran the sire, but the guilty pair seemed to fly with the wings of
+love attached to their heels; up the steep he clambered, scaring all the
+birds from their solitudes; still the lovers kept on before; they passed
+the bridge of Laino; the infuriated sire pursued; spire, tree, castle,
+church, stream; and in short the most beautiful features of the landscape
+appeared in the chase, but the fugitives did not stop to survey them. Away
+they pressed down the sunny slope, through the glen, along the margin of
+the Casparanna, swifter to the eye of the agonized parent than Jehu's
+chariot-wheels. Now they flag--they sit down amid the ruins of yonder old
+chapel--he will reach them now; alas! how vain are the calculations of
+man! In leaping across the Cathanna Mare, he received a shot in his arm;
+the cursed Italian had fired at him, and he fell, like a wounded bird into
+the stream!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Dear pa', how you kick one!" exclaimed the beauteous little daughter of
+the Englishman; "surely you have had a troublesome dream." "Dream! let me
+see," said the baronet, rubbing his eyes; "then I'm not drowned, and we
+are again at Albano, are we, and this is our merry host, and thank God,
+Rosalia, you are safe, and I must kiss you, my sweet girl." This was a
+pleasant scene!
+
+R. AUGUSTINE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TIME.
+
+IN IMITATION OF THE OLDEN POETS.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+      Time is a taper waning fast!
+      Use it, man, well whilst it doth last:
+  Lest burning downwards it consume away,
+  Before thou hast commenced the labour of the day.
+
+      Time is a pardon of a goodly soil!
+      Plenty shall crown thine honest toil:
+  But if uncultivated, rankest weeds
+  Shall choke the efforts of the rising seeds.
+
+      Time is a leasehold of uncertain date!
+      Granted to thee by everlasting fate.
+  Neglect not thou, ere thy short term expire,
+  To save thy soul from ever-burning fire.
+
+LEAR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SEPULCHRAL ENIGMA.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+
+The following Sepulchral Enigma against Pride, is engraved on a stone, in
+the Cathedral Church of Hamburgh:
+
+  "O, Mors, cur, Deus, negat, vitam,
+  be, se, bis, nos, his, nam."
+
+
+CANON.
+
+
+  Ordine daprimam mediae? mediamqz sequenti,
+    Debita sic nosces fala, superbe, tibi.
+  Quid mortalis homo jactas tot quidve superbis?
+    Cras forsan fies, pulvis et umbra levis,
+  Quid tibi opes prosunt? Quid nuuc tibi magna potesias?
+    Quidve honor? Ant praestans quid tibi forma? Nihil.
+  Vide _Variorum in Europa itinerum deliciae, &c.
+      Nathane Chitreo, Editio Secunda_, 1599.
+
+
+The above inscription and Canon are from a very scarce book, _me penes_;
+if they are deemed worthy of a place in your entertaining miscellany,
+and no solution or English version should be offered to your notice for
+insertion, I will avail myself of your permission to send one for your
+approval.
+
+Your's, &c. [Greek: S.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE VINE--A FRAGMENT.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+  See o'er the wall, the white-leav'd cluster-vine
+  Shoots its redundant tendrils; and doth seem,
+  Like the untam'd enthusiast's glowing heart,
+  Ready to clasp, with an abundant love,
+  All nature in its arms!
+
+C. COLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE COSMOPOLITE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ON LIBERTY.
+
+
+  "I don't hate the world, but I laugh at it;
+  for none but fools can be in earnest about a trifle."
+
+
+So says Gay of the world, in one of his letters to Swift, and we have
+adapted the quotation to our idea of liberty. True it is that Addison
+apostrophizes liberty as a
+
+
+  Goddess, heavenly bright!
+
+
+but we hope our laughter will not be considered as indecorous or
+profane. Our great essayist has exalted her into a Deity, and invested
+her with a mythological charm, which makes us doubt her existence; so
+that to laugh at her can be no more irreverend than to sneer at the
+belief in apparitions, a joke which is very generally enjoyed in these
+good days of spick-and-span philosophy. Whether Liberty ever existed
+or not, is to us a matter of little import, since it is certain that
+she belongs to the grand hoax which is the whole scheme of life. The
+extension of liberty into concerns of every-day life is therefore
+reasonable enough, and to prove that we are happy in possessing this
+ideal blessing, seems to have been the aim of all who have written on
+the subject. One, however, if we remember right, sets the matter in a
+grave light, when he says to man--
+
+
+  Since thy original lapse, true liberty
+  Is lost.
+
+
+He who loves to scatter crumbs of comfort in these starving times, will
+not despair at this sublime truth, but will seek to cherish the love of
+liberty, or the consolation for the loss of it wherever he goes.
+
+The reader need not be told that we are friends to the spread of liberty:
+indeed, we think she may "triumph over time, clip his wings, pare his
+nails, file his teeth, turn back his hour-glass, blunt his scythe, and
+draw the hobnails out of his shoes;" but to show how this may be done, we
+must run over a few varieties of liberty for the benefit of such as do not
+enjoy the inestimable blessings of being _free and easy_: we quote these
+words, vulgar as they are; for, of all words in our vernacular tongue,
+to express comfort and security from ill, commend us to the expletive of
+_free and easy_. We had rather not meddle with civil or religious liberty:
+they are as combustible as the Cotopaxi, or the new governments, of South
+America; and our attempts at reformation do not extend beyond paper and
+print, which the unamused reader may burn or not, as he pleases without
+searing his own conscience or exciting our revenge. To be sure, a few of
+our examples may border on civil liberty; but we shall not seek to find
+parallels for the Ptolemaian cages, or the Tower of Famine, in our times;
+neither shall we feast upon the horrors of the French Revolution, nor the
+last polite reception of the Russians by headless Turks; notwithstanding
+all these examples would bear us out in our idea of the love of liberty,
+and the evils of the loss of it.
+
+Kings often want liberty, even amidst the multitude of their luxuries.
+They are not unfrequently the veriest slaves at court, and liege and loyal
+as we are, we seldom hear of a king eating, drinking, and sleeping as
+other people do, without envying him so happy an interval from the cares
+of state, and the painted pomp of palaces. This it is that makes the
+domestic habits of kings so interesting to every one; and many a time have
+we crossed field after field to catch a glimpse of royalty, in a plain
+green chariot on the Brighton road, when we would not have put our heads
+out of window to see a procession to the House of Lords. Some kings have
+even gone so far in their love of plain life as to drop the king, which is
+a very pleasant sort of unkingship. Frederick the Great, at one of his
+literary entertainments adopted this plan to promote free conversation,
+when he reminded the circle that there was no monarch present, and that
+every one might think aloud. The conversation soon turned upon the faults
+of different governments and rulers, and general censures were passing
+from mouth to mouth pretty freely, when Frederick suddenly stayed the
+topic, by saying, "Peace, peace, gentlemen, have a care, the king is
+coming; it may be as well if he does not hear you, lest he should be
+obliged to be still worse than you." Our Second Charles was very fond of
+liberty, and of dropping the king, or as some writers say, he never took
+the office up: this was for another purpose, in times when
+
+
+  License they mean when they cry liberty.
+
+
+Voluntarily parting with one's liberty is, however, very different to
+having it taken from us, as in the anecdote of the citizen who never
+having been out of his native place during his lifetime, was, for some
+offence, sentenced to stay within the walls a whole year; when he died
+of grief not long afterwards.
+
+State imprisonment is like a set of silken fetters for kings and other
+great people. Thus, almost all our palaces have been used as prisons,
+according to the caprice of the monarch, or the violence of the uppermost
+faction. Shakspeare, in his historical plays, gives us many pictures of
+royal and noble suffering from the loss of liberty. One of the latter,
+with a beautiful antidote, is the address of Gaunt to Bolingbroke, after
+his banishment by Richard II.:--
+
+
+  All places that the eye of heaven visits,
+  Are to a wise man ports, and happy havens:
+  Teach thy necessity to reason thus:
+  There is no virtue like necessity.
+  Think not, the king did banish thee;
+  But thou the king: woe doth heavier sit,
+  Where it perceives it is but faintly borne.
+  Go, say--I sent thee forth to purchase honour,
+  And not--the king exiled thee: or suppose,
+  Devouring pestilence hangs in our air,
+  And thou art flying to a fresher clime.
+  Look, what thy soul holds dear, imagine it
+  To lie that way thou go'st, not whence thou comest:
+  Suppose the singing birds musicians;
+  The grass whereon thou tread'st, the presence strew'd;
+  The flowers, fair ladies; and thy steps, no more
+  Than a delightful measure, or a dance;
+  For gnarling sorrow hath less power to bite
+  The man that mocks at it, and sets it light.
+
+
+Even Napoleon, whose wounds were almost green at his death, sought to
+chase away the recollections of his ill-starred splendour, by rides and
+walks in the island, and conversation with his suite in his garden; and
+Louis XVIII. after his restoration to the throne of France, passed few
+such happy days as his exile at Hartwell, which though only a pleasant
+seat enough, had more comfort than the gilded saloons of Versailles, or
+the hurly-burly of the Tuilleries, with treason hatching in the street
+beneath the windows, and revolution stinking in the very nostrils of the
+court. Shakspeare might well call a crown a
+
+
+  Polished perturbation! golden care!
+
+
+and add--
+
+                  O majesty!
+  When thou dost pinch thy bearer, thou dost sit
+  Like a rich armour worn in heat of day,
+  That scalds with safety.
+
+Goldsmith has somewhat sarcastically lamented that the appetites of the
+rich do not increase with their wealth; in like manner, it would be a
+grievous thing could liberty be monopolized or scraped into heaps like
+wealth; a petty tyrant may persecute and imprison thousands, but he cannot
+thereby add one hour or inch to his own liberty.
+
+Another and a very common loss of liberty is by pleasure and the love of
+fame, especially by the slaves of fashion and the lovers of great place;
+
+
+  Whose lives are others' not their own.
+
+
+Pleasure for the most part, consists in fits of anticipation; since, the
+extra liberty or license of a debauch must be repaid by the iron fetters
+of headache, and the heavy hand of _ennui_ on the following day: even
+the purblind puppy of fashion will tell you, if you make free with your
+constitution, you must suffer for it; and this by a species of slavery. To
+dance attendance upon a great man for a small appointment, and to _boo_
+your way through the world, belongs to the worst of servitude. Congreve
+compares a levee at a great man's to a list of duns; and Shenstone still
+more ill-naturedly says, "a courtier's dependant is a beggar's dog."
+
+Making free, or taking liberties with your fortune, brings about the
+slavery, if not the sin, of poverty; and to take a liberty with the wealth
+of another is about as sure a road to slavery as picking pockets is to
+house-breaking. Debt is another of those odious badges which mark a man
+as a slave, and let him but go on to recovery, that like a snake in the
+sunshine, he may be the more effectually scotched and secured. Gay says to
+Swift, "I hate to be in debt; for I can't bear to pawn five pounds worth
+of my liberty to a tailor or a butcher. I grant you, this is not having
+the true spirit of modern nobility; but it is hard to cure the prejudice
+of education;" and every man will own that a _greater_ slave-master is not
+to be found at Cape Coast than the law's follower, who says, "I 'rest
+you;" and then "brings you to all manner of unrest." One of these fellows
+is even greater than the sultan of an African tribe in till his glory;
+though he neither bears the insignia of rank nor power--none of the little
+finery which wins allegiance and honour--yet he constrains you "by
+virtue," and brings about a compromise and temporary cessation of your
+liberty.
+
+Taking liberties with the pockets or tables of one's relations and
+friends, is at best, but a dangerous experiment. It cannot last long
+before they beg to be excused the liberty, &c., and like the countryman
+with the golden goose, you get a cold, fireless parlour, or a colder hall
+reception for your importunity; and, perchance, the silver ore being all
+gone, you must put up with the French plate. One of the most equivocal,
+if not dangerous, forms of correspondence is that beginning with "I take
+the liberty;" for it either portends some well tried "sufferer" as Lord
+Foppington calls him; a pressing call from a fundless charity; or at best
+but a note from an advertising tailor to tell you that for several years
+past you have been paying 50 per cent. too high a price for your clothes;
+but, like most good news, this comes upon crutches, and the loss is past
+redemption.
+
+What is called the liberty of the subject we must leave for a dull
+barrister to explain: in the meantime, if any reader be impatient for the
+definition, a night's billeting in Covent Garden watchhouse will initiate
+him into its blessings; he is not so dull as to require to be told how to
+get there. The liberty of the press is another ticklish subject to handle--
+like a hedgehog--all points; but we may be allowed to quote, as one of the
+most harmless specimens of the liberty of the press--the production of THE
+MIRROR, as we always acknowledge the liberty by reference to the sources
+whence our borrowed wealth is taken. This is giving credit in one way, and
+taking credit for our own honesty.
+
+Liberty-boys and brawlers would be new acquaintance for us. We are not old
+enough to remember "Wilkes and 45;" the cap of liberty is now seldom
+introduced into our national arms, and this and all such emblems are fast
+fading away. People who used to spout forth Cowper's line and a half on
+liberty, have given up the profession, and all men are at liberty to think
+as they please. Still ours is neither the golden nor the silver age of
+liberty: it is more like paper and platina liberty, things which have the
+weight and semblance without their value.
+
+The only odd rencontre we ever had with a liberty advocate was with L'Abbe
+Gregoire, one of the cabinet advisers of Napoleon, and to judge by his
+writings, a benevolent man. On visiting him at Paris, we put into our
+pocket a little work of our leisure, containing upwards of 6,000
+quotations on almost every subject. The Abbe, who understands English
+well, was delighted with the variety, and on calling again in a few days,
+we found the venerable patriot had been searching for all the passages on
+_liberty_, which he had distinguished by registers: what an evidence is
+this of his ruling passion. At the time we did not recollect that to M.
+Gregoire is attributed the republican sentiment "the reign of Kings is the
+martyrology of nations:" his conversation proved him an enthusiast, but we
+think this liberty rather too strong.
+
+PHILO.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+REVENGE.
+
+
+          'Twas lordly hate that rul'd
+  Indomitable. 'Twas a thirst that naught
+  But blood of him who broke this aching heart
+  Could quench.'--therefore I struck----.
+
+CYMBELINE
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE NATURALIST.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE FLYING DRAGON.
+
+
+[Illustration: The Flying Dragon.]
+
+
+This beautiful species of the lizard tribe was one of the wonders of our
+ancestors, who believed it to be a fierce animal with wings, and whose
+bite was mortal; whereas, it is perfectly harmless, and differs from other
+lizards merely in its being furnished with an expanding membrane or web,
+strengthened by a few radii, or small bones. It is about twelve inches in
+length, and is found in the East Indies and Africa (_Blumenbach_), where
+it flies through short distances, from tree to tree, and subsists on
+flies, ants, and other insects. It is covered with very small scales,
+and is generally of ash-colour, varied and clouded on the back, &c.
+with brown, black, and white. The head is of a very singular form, and
+furnished with a triple pouch, under and on each side the throat.
+
+Barbarous nations have many fabulous stories of this little animal. They
+say, for instance, that, although it usually lives in the water, it often
+bounds up from the surface, and alights on the branch of some adjacent
+tree, where it makes a noise resembling the laughter of a man.
+
+The curious reader who is anxious to see a specimen of the Flying Dragon,
+will be gratified with a young one, preserved in a case with two
+Cameleons, and exposed for sale in the window of a dealer in articles of
+_vertu_, in St. Martin's Court, Leicester Square.
+
+
+COCHINEAL TRANSPLANTED TO JAVA.
+
+The success with which the cultivation of the nopal and the breeding of
+the insect which produces cochineal has been practised at Cadiz, and
+thence at Malta, is well known. A French apothecary is said to have made
+the experiment in Corsica, but on a very confined scale; and the King of
+the Netherlands, on information that the Isle of Java was well adapted
+for the cultivation of this important article of merchandize, determined
+on attempting the transplantation into that colony. As the exportation
+of the trees and of the insect is prohibited by the laws of Spain, some
+management was requisite to acquire the means of forming this new
+establishment. The following were those resorted to:--His Majesty sent to
+Cadiz, and there maintained, for nearly two years, one of his subjects,
+a very intelligent person, who introduced himself, and by degrees got
+initiated into the _Garden of Acclimation_ of the Economic Society, where
+the breeding of this important insect is carried on. He so well, fulfilled
+his commission (for which the instructions, it is said, were drawn up
+by his royal master himself), that he succeeded in procuring about one
+thousand nopals, all young and vigorous, besides a considerable number of
+insects; and, moreover, carried on his plans so ably, as to persuade the
+principal gardener of the Garden of Acclimation to enter for six years
+into the service of the King of the Netherlands, and to go to Batavia.
+Between eight and ten thousand Spanish dollars are said to have been the
+lure held out to him to desert his post. In the service of the Society he
+gained three shillings a day, paid in Spanish fashion, that is, half, at
+least, in arrear. A vessel of war was sent to bring away the precious
+cargo, which, being furtively and safely shipped, the gardener and the
+insects were on their voyage to Batavia before the least suspicion of
+what was going on was entertained by the Society.--_From the French_.
+
+
+BEES' NESTS.
+
+A French journal says, in the woods of Brazil is frequently found hanging
+from the branches the nest of a species of bee, formed of clay, and about
+two feet in diameter. It is more probable that these nests belong to some
+species of wasp, many of which construct hanging nests. One sort of these
+is very common in the northern parts of Britain, though it is not often
+found south of Yorkshire.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ASSASSINATION OF MAJOR LAING.
+
+
+The _Literary Gazette_ of Saturday last contains the following very
+interesting intelligence respecting the assassination of Major Laing, and
+the existence of his Journal;--"In giving this tragical and disgraceful
+story to the British public, (says the Editor), we may notice that the
+individual who figures so suspiciously in it, viz. Hassouna d'Ghies, must
+be well remembered a few years ago in London society. We were acquainted
+with him during his residence here, and often met him, both at public
+entertainments and at private parties, where his Turkish dress made him
+conspicuous. He was an intelligent man, and addicted to literary pursuits;
+in manners more polished than almost any of his countrymen whom we ever
+knew, and apparently of a gentler disposition than the accusation of
+having instigated this infamous murder would fix upon him."
+
+The account then proceeds with the following translation from a
+_Marseilles Journal_:--
+
+It was about three years ago, that Major Laing, son-in-law of Colonel
+Hammer Warrington, consul-general of England in Tripoli, quitted that
+city, where he left his young wife, and penetrated into the mysterious
+continent of Africa, the grave of so many illustrious travellers. After
+having crossed the chain of Mount Atlas, the country of Fezzan, the
+desert of Lempta, the Sahara, and the kingdom of Ahades, he arrived at
+the city of Timbuctoo, the discovery of which has been so long desired
+by the learned world. Major Laing, by entering Timbuctoo, had gained the
+reward of 3,000_l_. sterling, which a learned and generous society in
+London had promised to the intrepid adventurer who should first visit
+the great African city, situated between the Nile of the Negroes and the
+river Gambaron. But Major Laing attached much less value to the gaining
+of the reward than to the fame acquired after so many fatigues and
+dangers. He had collected on his journey valuable information in all
+branches of science: having fixed his abode at Timbuctoo, he had
+composed the journal of his travels, and was preparing to return to
+Tripoli, when he was attacked by Africans, who undoubtedly were watching
+for him in the desert. Laing, who had but a weak escort, defended
+himself with heroic courage: he had at heart the preservation of his
+labours and his glory. But in this engagement he lost his right hand,
+which was struck off by the blow of a yatagan. It is impossible to
+help being moved with pity at the idea of the unfortunate traveller,
+stretched upon the sand, writing painfully with his left hand to his
+young wife, the mournful account of the combat. Nothing can be so
+affecting as this letter, written in stiff characters, by unsteady
+fingers, and all soiled with dust and blood. This misfortune was only
+the prelude to one far greater. Not long afterwards, some people of
+Ghadames, who had formed part of the Major's escort, arrived at Tripoli,
+and informed Colonel Warrington that his relation had been assassinated
+in the desert. Colonel Warrington could not confine himself to giving
+barren tears to the memory of his son-in-law. The interest of his glory,
+the honour of England, the affection of a father--all made it his duty
+to seek after the authors of the murder, and endeavour to discover what
+had become of the papers of the victim. An uncertain report was soon
+spread that the papers of Major Laing had been brought to Tripoli
+by people of Ghadames; and that a Turk, named Hassouna Dghies, had
+mysteriously received them. This is the same Dghies whom we have seen at
+Marseilles, displaying so much luxury and folly, offering to the ladies
+his perfumes and his shawls-- a sort of travelling Usbeck, without his
+philosophy and his wit. From Marseilles he went to London, overwhelmed
+with debts, projecting new ones, and always accompanied by women
+and creditors. Colonel Warrington was long engaged in persevering
+researches, and at length succeeded in finding a clue to this horrible
+mystery. The Pasha, at his request, ordered the people who had made part
+of the Major's escort to be brought from Ghadames. The truth was at
+length on the point of being known; but this truth was too formidable
+to Hassouna Dghies for him to dare to await it, and he therefore took
+refuge in the abode of Mr. Coxe, the consul of the United States. The
+Pasha sent word to Mr. Coxe, that he recognised the inviolability of the
+asylum granted to Hassouna; but that the evidence of the latter being
+necessary in the prosecution of the proceedings relative to the
+assassination of Major Laing, he begged him not to favour his flight.
+Colonel Warrington wrote to his colleague to the same effect. However,
+Hassouna Dghies left Tripoli on the 9th of August, in the night, in the
+disguise, it is said, of an American officer, and took refuge on board
+the United States corvette _Fairfield_, Captain Parker, which was then
+at anchor in the roads of Tripoli. Doubtless, Captain Parker was
+deceived with respect to Hassouna, otherwise the noble flag of the
+United States would not have covered with its protection a man accused
+of being an accomplice in an assassination.
+
+It is fully believed that this escape was ardently solicited by a French
+agent. It is even said, that the proposal was first made to the captain
+of one of our (French) ships, but that he nobly replied, that one of the
+king's officers could not favour a suspicious flight--that he would not
+receive Hassouna on board his ship, except by virtue of a written order,
+and, at all events in open day, and without disguise.
+
+The _Fairfield_ weighed anchor on the 10th of August, in the morning.
+
+The Pasha, enraged at this escape of Hassouna, summoned to his palace
+Mohamed Dghies, brother of the fugitive, and there, in the presence of
+his principal officers, commanded him, with a stern voice, to declare the
+truth. Mohamed fell at his master's feet, and declared upon oath, and in
+writing, that his brother Hassouna had had Major Laing's papers in his
+possession, but that he had delivered them up to a person, for a deduction
+of forty per cent. on the debts which he had contracted in France, and the
+recovery of which this person was endeavouring to obtain by legal
+proceedings.
+
+The declaration of Mohamed extends to three pages, containing valuable
+and very numerous details respecting the delivery of the papers of the
+unfortunate Major, and all the circumstances of this strange transaction.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The shape and size of the Major's papers are indicated with the most
+minute exactness; it is stated that these papers were taken from him
+near Timbuctoo, and subsequently delivered to the person abovementioned
+_entire, and without breaking the seals of red wax_--a circumstance which
+would demonstrate the participation of Hassouna in the assassination; for
+how can it be supposed otherwise, that the wretches who murdered the Major
+would have brought these packages to such a distance without having been
+tempted by cupidity, or even the curiosity so natural to savages, to break
+open their frail covers?
+
+Mohamed, however, after he had left the palace, fearing that the Pasha in
+his anger would make him answerable for his brother's crime, according to
+the usual mode of doing justice at Tripoli, hastened to seek refuge in the
+house of the person of whom we have spoken, and to implore his protection.
+Soon afterwards the consul-general of the Netherlands, accompanied by his
+colleagues the consuls-general of Sweden, Denmark, and Sardinia, proceeded
+to the residence of the person pointed out as the receiver, and in the
+name of Colonel Warrington, and by virtue of the declaration of Mohamed,
+called upon him instantly to restore Major Laing's papers. He answered
+haughtily, that this declaration was only a tissue of calumnies; and
+Mohamed, on his side, trusting, doubtless, in a pretended inviolability,
+yielding, perhaps, to fallacious promises, retracted his declaration,
+completely disowned it, and even went so far as to deny his own
+hand-writing.
+
+This recantation deceived nobody; the Pasha, in a transport of rage, sent
+to Mohamed his own son, Sidi Ali; this time influence was of no avail.
+Mohamed, threatened with being seized by the _chiaoux_, retracted his
+retractation; and in a new declaration, in the presence of all the
+consuls, confirmed that which he made in the morning before the Pasha and
+his officers.
+
+One consolatory fact results from these afflicting details: the papers of
+Major Laing exist, and the learned world will rejoice at the intelligence;
+but in the name of humanity, in the name of science, in the name of the
+national honour--compromised, perhaps, by disgraceful or criminal
+bargains--it must be hoped that justice may fall upon the guilty, whoever
+he may be.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A COFFEE-ROOM CHARACTER.
+
+
+It was about the year 1805 that we were first ushered into the
+dining-house called the Cheshire Cheese, in Wine-office-court. It is known
+that Johnson once lodged in this court, and bought an enormous cudgel
+while there, to resist a threatened attack from Macpherson, the author, or
+editor, of _Ossian's Poems_. At the time we first knew the place (for its
+visiters and keepers are long since changed for the third or fourth time,)
+many came there who remembered Johnson and Goldsmith spending their
+evenings in the coffee-room; old half-pay officers, staid tradesmen of the
+neighbourhood, and the like, formed the principal portion of the company.
+
+Few in this vast city know the alley in Fleet-street which leads to the
+sawdusted floor and shining tables; those tables of mahogany, parted by
+green-curtained seats, and bound with copper rims to turn the edge of the
+knife which might perchance assail them during a warm debate; John Bull
+having a propensity to commit such mutilations in the "torrent, tempest,
+and whirlwind" of argument. Thousands have never seen the homely clock
+that ticks over the chimney, nor the capacious, hospitable-looking
+fire-place under,[3] both as they stood half a century ago, when
+Fleet-street was the emporium of literary talent, and every coffee-house
+was distinguished by some character of note who was regarded as the oracle
+of the company.
+
+
+    [3] We may add that still fewer have seen the characteristic
+        whole-length portrait of "_Harry_," _the waiter_, which has
+        been placed over the fireplace, by subscription among the
+        frequenters of the room. _Wageman_ is the painter, and nothing
+        can describe the _bonhommie_ of Harry, who has just drawn the
+        cork of a pint of port, exulting in all the vainglory of crust
+        and bees' wing.--ED. MIRROR.
+
+
+Among these was old Colonel L----e, in person short and thick-set. He
+often sacrificed copiously to the jolly god, in his box behind the door;
+he was a great smoker, and had numbered between seventy and eighty years.
+Early in the evening he was punctually at his post; he called, for his
+pipe and his "go of rack," according to his diurnal custom; and surveying
+first the persons at his own table, and then those in other parts of
+the room, he commonly sat a few minutes in silence, as if waiting the
+stimulating effect of the tobacco to wind up his conversational powers,
+or perhaps he was bringing out defined images from the dim reminiscences
+which floated in his sensorium. If a stranger were near, he commonly
+addressed him with an old soldier's freedom, on some familiar topic which
+little needed the formalities of a set introduction; but soon changed the
+subject, and commenced fighting "his battles o'er again." He talked much
+of Minden, and the campaigns of 1758 and 59. He boasted of having carried
+the colours of the 20th regiment, that bore the brunt of the day there,
+and mainly contributed to obtain a "glorious victory," as Southey, in his
+days of uncourtliness, called that of Blenheim. But though thus fond of
+showing "how fields were won," he was equally delighted with recounting
+his acquaintance with more peaceful subjects. He had known Johnson and
+Goldsmith, together with the list of worthies who honoured Fleet-street by
+making it their abode between thirty and forty years before, and were at
+that time visitants of the house. "At this very table," said he, speaking
+of that which is situated on the right-hand behind the door, "Johnson used
+always to sit when he came here, and Goldsmith also. I knew them well.
+Johnson overawed us all, and every one became silent when he spoke." The
+colonel observed of Goldsmith, "That no one would have thought much of him
+from his company, though he had a great name in the world."
+
+The colonel also knew something of Churchill, described him as by no means
+prepossessing in person, and one of the last who could have been supposed
+capable of writing as he wrote. The colonel, in his old age, imagined he
+too had a taste for poetry, and boasted of Goldsmith's having asserted
+(perhaps jokingly) that he possessed a talent for writing verse. This idea
+working in his mind for years, had induced him to print, in his old age,
+what he called, to the best of my recollection, "A Continuation of the
+Deserted Village." He always brought a copy with him of an evening, and
+was fond of referring to it, and passing it round for the company to look
+at--a weakness pardonable in a garrulous old man. On revisiting the house,
+for old acquaintance sake, after an absence of some years from London, I
+missed him from his accustomed place, which I observed to be occupied by a
+stranger. On inquiry, I found that he was departed to where human vanity
+and human wisdom are upon a level, and where man is alike deaf to the
+voice of literary and military ambition.--_New Monthly Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE ANNUALS FOR 1830.
+
+
+We feel it a duty to the proprietors of these elegant works, as well as to
+our readers, to give the following _annonces_ of the several volumes for
+1830:--
+
+The _Keepsake_ is very forward. Among the contributors are Sir Walter
+Scott, Lord Byron, and the author of "Anastasius." Sir Walter's
+contribution is a dramatic romance, in imitation of the German; and Lord
+Byron's are ten letters written by him between 1821, and the time of his
+lordship's death.
+
+The _Forget-Me-Not_ will contain a very gem--being the first known attempt
+at poetry, by Lord Byron, copied from the autograph of the noble poet, and
+certified by the lady to whom it was addressed--the object of his
+lordship's first, if not his only real attachment.
+
+Mr. Ackermann has likewise announced a _Juvenile_ Forget-Me-Not, so as to
+remember all growths.
+
+The _Literary Souvenir_ is in a state of great forwardness. Among the
+contributors are the authors of "Kuzzil-bash;" "Constantinople in 1828;"
+"The Sorrows of Rosalie;" and "Rouge et Noir." The pencils of Sir Thomas
+Lawrence, Howard, Collins, Chalon, Harlowe, and Martin, have furnished
+subjects for the illustrations.
+
+The _Amulet_, among its illustrations will contain an engraving from
+Mulready's picture of an English Cottage; another from Wilkie's "Dorty
+Bairn;" and another from a drawing by Martin, engraved by Le Keux, for
+which he is said to have received one hundred and eighty guineas. Mr.
+Hall, the editor, has likewise been equally fortunate in an accession of
+literary talent.
+
+The _Juvenile_ Forget-Me-Not, under the superintendence of Mrs. S.C. Hall,
+also promises unusual attractions, both in picture and print.
+
+The _Juvenile Keepsake_, edited by Mr. T. Roscoe, is said to be completed.
+
+Another Juvenile Annual, to be called the _Zoological Keepsake_, is
+announced, with a host of cuts to enliven the "birds, beasts, and fishes"
+of the smaller growth.
+
+The _Gem_ will re-appear as the _Annual Gem_, with thirteen
+embellishments, superintended by A. Cooper, R. A.
+
+The _Bijou_ promises well. The embellishments are of the first order,
+from pictures by Sir Thomas Lawrence, Stothard, Wilkie, and the lamented
+Bonington. Among the gems are a splendid portrait of _the King_, from the
+president's picture, in the possession of Sir William Knighton, Bart.; and
+a portrait of the beautiful Mrs. Arbuthnot.
+
+The _Winter's Wreath _will bloom with more than its accustomed beauty.
+Among the contributors we notice, for the first time, the author of "Rank
+and Talent."
+
+_Religious Annuals_ are on the increase. One of the novelties of this
+class is "_Emmanuel_," to be edited by the author of "Clouds and
+Sunshine," of the excellence of which we have many grateful recollections.
+The _Iris_, to be edited by the Rev. Thomas Dale, is another novelty in
+this way.
+
+The _Musical Bijou_ has among its composers, Rossini, Bishop,
+Kalk-brenner, Rodwell, J. Barnet, and others. The lyrists and prose
+writers are Sir Walter Scott, T.H. Bayley, the Ettrick Shepherd, Messrs.
+Planche, Richard Ryan, &c.
+
+One of the most splendid designs of the season is a "_Landscape Annual,
+or the Tourist in Italy and Switzerland_," from drawings by Prout; the
+literary department by T. Roscoe, Esq. and to contain the most attractive
+views which occur to the traveller on his route from Geneva to Rome. Some
+of the plates are described as extremely brilliant.
+
+Two _Transatlantic Annuals_, the _Atlantic Souvenir_, published at
+Philadelphia, and the _Token_, published at Boston--may be expected in
+London.
+
+The foregoing are all the announcements we have been able to collect. We
+miss two or three established favourites; but we hope to make their
+promises the subject of a future paragraph.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE GOOSE.
+
+
+In England the goose is sacred to St. Michael; in Scotland, where dainties
+were not going every day,
+
+
+  "'Twas Christmas sent its savoury goose."
+
+
+The Michaelmas goose is said to owe its origin to Queen Elizabeth's dining
+on one at the table of an English baronet on that day when she received
+tidings of the dispersion of the Spanish Armada, in commemoration of which
+she ordered the _goose_ to make its appearance every Michaelmas. In some
+places, particularly Caithness, geese are cured and smoked, and are highly
+relishing. Smoked Solan geese are well known as contributing to the
+abundance of a Scottish breakfast, though too rank and fishy-flavoured for
+unpractised palates. The goose has made some figure in English history.
+The churlishness of the brave Richard Coeur de Lion, a sovereign
+distinguished for an insatiable appetite and vigorous digestion, in an
+affair of roast goose, was the true cause of his captivity in Germany. The
+king, disguised as a palmer, was returning to his own dominions, attended
+by Sir Fulk Doyley and Sir Thomas de Multon, "brothers in arms," and
+wearing the same privileged garb. They arrived in Almain, (Germany,) at
+the town of Carpentras, where,
+
+
+  "A _goose_ they dight to their dinner.
+  In a tavern where they were.
+  King Richard the fire bet,
+  Thomas to him the spit set;
+  Fouk Doyley tempered the wood;
+  Dear a-bought they that good;"
+
+
+for in came a _Minstralle_, or she-Minstrel, with offer of specimens of
+her art in return for a leg of the goose and a cup of the wine. Richard,
+who loved "rich meats," and cared little at this time for their usual
+accompaniment, "minstrelsy,"--
+
+
+  "--bade that she would go;
+  That turned him to mickle woe.
+  The Minstralle took in mind,
+  And said, ye are men unkind:
+  And if I may ye shall _for-think_
+  Ye gave me neither meat nor drink!"
+
+
+The lady, who was English, recognised the king, and denounced him to the
+king of Germany, who ordered the pilgrims into his presence, insulted
+Richard, "said him shame," called him _taylard_, probably for his
+affection for goose, and finally ordered him to a dungeon. But Richard,
+a true knightly eater, who, besides roast goose, liked to indulge in
+
+
+          "Bread and wine,
+  Piment and clarry good and fine;
+  Cranes and swans, and venison;
+  Partridges, plovers, and heron,--
+
+
+was neither dainty nor over-nice. At a pinch he could eat any thing, which
+on sundry emergencies stood him in great stead. _Wax_ and _nuts_, and
+tallow and grease mixed, carried him through one campaign, when the enemy
+thought to have starved out the English army and its cormorant commander.
+The courage and strength of Richard were always redoubled after dinner. It
+was then his greatest feats were performed.--_Romance of Coeur de Lion_.
+
+The livers of geese and poultry are esteemed a great delicacy by some
+_gourmands_; and on the continent great pains are taken to procure fat
+overgrown livers. The methods employed to produce this diseased state of
+the animals are as disgusting to rational taste as revolting to humanity.
+The geese are crammed with fat food, deprived of drink, kept in an
+intolerably hot atmosphere, and fastened by the feet (we have heard of
+nailing) to the shelves of the fattening cribs. The celebrated _Strasburg
+pies_, which are esteemed so great a delicacy that they are often sent as
+presents to distant places, are enriched with these diseased livers. It is
+a mistake that these pies are wholly made of this artificial animal
+substance.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TURKEY
+
+
+Colonel Rottiers, a recent traveller in Turkey, holds out the following
+temptation to European enterprise:--
+
+The terrestrial paradise, which is supposed to be situated in Armenia,
+appeared to M. Rottiers to stretch along the shores of the Black Sea. The
+green banks, sloping into the water, are sometimes decked with box-trees
+of uncommon size, sometimes clothed with natural orchards, in which
+the cherries, pears, pomegranates, and other fruits, growing in their
+indigenous soil, possess a flavour indescribably exquisite. The bold
+eminences are crowned with superb forests or majestic ruins, which
+alternately rule the scenes of this devoted country, from the water's
+edge to the summit of the mountains. The moral and political condition
+of the country contrasts forcibly with the flourishing aspect of nature.
+At Sinope there is no commerce, and the Greeks having, in consequence,
+deserted the place, the population is at present below 5,000. This city,
+once the capital of the great Mithridates, enjoys natural advantages,
+which, but for the barbarism of the Turkish government, would soon raise
+it into commercial eminence. It has a deep and capacious harbour--the
+finest timber in the world grows in its vicinity--and the district of the
+interior, with which it immediately communicates, is one of the most
+productive and industrious in Asiatic Turkey. Amasia, the ancient capital
+of Cappadocia, Tokat, and Costambol, are rich and populous towns. Near the
+last is held an annual fair, commencing fifteen days before the feast of
+Ramadan, and which is said to be attended by at least fifty thousand
+merchants, from all parts of the east. From the nature of the country in
+which it is situated, M. Rottiers is disposed to believe that Sinope holds
+out peculiarly strong inducements to European enterprise. He also had an
+opportunity of observing, that its defences were gone totally to ruin, and
+significantly remarks, that it could not possibly withstand a _coup de
+main_. Amastra, a great and wealthy city while possessed by the Genoese
+in the middle ages, is now a wretched village, occupied by a few Turkish
+families, whose whole industry consists in making a few toys and articles
+of wooden ware. It stands on a peninsula, which appears to have been
+formerly an island, and the Isthmus uniting it to the mainland is wholly
+composed, according to the account of Mr. Eton, who surveyed part of this
+coast, of fragments of columns and marble friezes.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GEORGIAN WINE.
+
+
+The chief production of Georgia is wine, which is of excellent quality,
+and so abundant in the countries situated between the Caspian and the
+Black Seas, that it would soon become a most important object of
+exportation, if the people could be induced to improve their methods of
+making and preserving it. At present the grapes are gathered and pressed
+without any care, and the process of fermentation is so unskilfully
+managed, that the wine rarely keeps till the following vintage. The skins
+of animals are the vessels in which it is kept. The hair is turned
+inwards, and the interior of the bag is thickly besmeared with asphaltum
+or mineral tar, which renders the vessel indeed perfectly sound, but
+imparts an abominable flavour to the wine, and even adds to its acescence.
+The Georgians have not yet learned to keep their wine in casks, without
+which it is vain to look for any improvements in its manufacture. Yet the
+mountains abound in the requisite materials, and only a few coopers are
+requisite to make the commencement. The consumption of wine in Georgia,
+and above all at Tiflis, is prodigiously great. From the prince to the
+peasant the ordinary ration of a Georgian, if we may believe M. Gamba,
+is one _tonque_, (equal to five bottles and a half of Bordeaux) per day.
+A _tonque_ of the best wine, such as is drunk by persons of rank, costs
+about twenty sous; the inferior wines are sold for less than a sous per
+bottle.--_Foreign Quar. Rev_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HISTORICAL FIDELITY.
+
+
+The court historiographer of the Burmese, has recorded in the national
+chronicle his account of the war with the English to the following purport:
+--"In the years 1186 and 87, the Kula-pyu, or white strangers of the west,
+fastened a quarrel upon the Lord of the Golden Palace. They landed at
+Rangoon, took that place and Prome, and were permitted to advance as far
+as Yandabo; for the king, from motives of piety and regard to life, made
+no effort whatever to oppose them. The strangers had spent vast sums of
+money in their enterprise; and by the time they reached Yandabo, their
+resources were exhausted, and they were in great distress. They petitioned
+the king, who, in his clemency and generosity, sent them large sums of
+money to pay their expenses back, and ordered them out of the country."--
+_Crawfurd's Embassy to Ava._
+
+To quote a vulgar proverb, this is making the best of a bad job.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DRESS.
+
+
+How far a man's clothes are or are not a part of himself, is more than I
+would take on myself to decide, without farther inquiry; though I lean
+altogether to the affirmative. The inhabitants of the South Sea Islands
+were astonished and alarmed when they, first saw the Europeans strip.
+Yet they would have been much more so, could they have entered into the
+notions prevalent in the civilized world on the subject of a wardrobe;
+could they have understood how much virtue lies inherent in a superfine
+broad cloth, how much respectability in a gilt button, how much sense in
+the tie of a cravat, how much amiability in the cut of a sleeve, how much
+merit of every sort in a Stultz and a Hoby. There are who pretend, and
+that with some plausibilty, that these things are but typical; that taste
+in dress is but the outward and visible sign of the frequentation of good
+company; and that propriety of exterior is but evidence of a general sense
+of the fitness of things. Yet if this were really the case, if there were
+nothing intrinsic in the relation of the clothes to the wearer, how could
+a good coat at once render a pickpocket respectable; or a clean shirt pass
+current, as it does, with police magistrates for a clean conscience. In
+England, a handsome _toggery_ is a better defensive armour, than "helm and
+hauberk's twisted mail." While the seams are perfect, and the elbows do
+not appear through the cloth, the law cannot penetrate it. A gentleman,
+(that is to say, a man who can pay his tailor's bill,) is above suspicion;
+and benefit of clergy is nothing to the privilege and virtue of a handsome
+exterior. That the skin is nearer than the shirt, is a most false and
+mistaken idea. The smoothest skin in Christendom would not weigh with a
+jury like a cambric ruffle; and moreover, there is not a poor devil in
+town striving to keep up appearances in spite of fortune, who would not
+far rather tear his flesh than his unmentionables; which can only arise
+from their being so much more important a part of himself.--_New Monthly
+Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The French have a kind of irritable jealousy towards the English, which
+makes them forget their general politeness. Give them but a civil word,
+make the least advance, and they receive you with open arms; but show them
+that cold reserve with which an Englishman generally treats all strangers,
+and every Frenchman's hand is on his sword.--_New Monthly Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+
+  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+JACK SHEPPARD.
+
+
+When this notorious felon was under sentence of death, the Right Hon.
+Charles Wolfran Cornwall, then Speaker of the House of Commons, was
+strongly solicited to apply to his majesty for a pardon, as he was related
+to him. "No," said Mr. Cornwall, "I should deserve public censure if I
+attempted to contribute to the prolongation of the life of a man who has
+so frequently been a nuisance to society, and has given so many proofs
+that kindness to him would be cruelty to others. Were my own son to offend
+one-tenth part so often as he has done, I should think it my duty rather
+to solicit his punishment than his pardon."
+
+C.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EPITAPH
+
+
+_On S---- E----, an intelligent and amiable boy, who was unfortunately
+drowned while bathing_.
+
+Though gentle as a dove, his soul sublime,
+For heav'n impatient, would not wait for time;
+Ere youth had bloom'd his virtues ripe were seen,
+A man in intellect! a child in mien!
+A hallow'd wave from mercy's fount was pour'd,
+And, wash'd from clay, to bliss his spirit soar'd.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A HOLY HERMIT.
+
+
+A hermit, named Parnhe, being upon the road to meet his bishop who had
+sent for him, met a lady most magnificently dressed, whose incomparable
+beauty drew the eyes of every body on her. The saint having looked at her,
+and being himself struck with astonishment, immediately burst into tears.
+Those who were with him wondering to see him weep, demanded the cause of
+his grief. "I have two reasons," replied he, "for my tears; I weep to
+think how fatal an impression that woman makes on all who behold her; and
+I am touched with sorrow when I reflect that I, for my salvation, and to
+please God, have never taken one-tenth part of the pains which this woman
+has taken to please men alone."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BUNGLING TRANSLATION.
+
+
+At a country village in Yorkshire, was an old established cobbler, who
+cracked his joke, loved his pipe and lived happy. In short, he was a sober
+and industrious man. His quiet, however, was disturbed by an unexpected
+opposition in his trade, at the same village, and to add to his
+misfortune, the new comer established himself directly opposite to the old
+cobbler's stall, and at the same time to show his learning and probity,
+painted in large letters over his door, "_Mens conscia recti_." To
+conceive the meaning of this, the poor cobbler laboured night and day, but
+unsuccessfully; he at last determined that this "_consciarecti_" was a new
+sort of shoe made for men's use; he therefore painted over his door,
+"_Men's and Women's consciarecti_," where it remains still.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A schoolboy reading Cassar's "Commentaries" came to translate the
+following passage thus: "Caesar venit in Gallia summa diligentia."
+"Caesar came into Gaul on the top of the Diligence."
+
+O.O.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+VERY BAD.
+
+
+A wag, who "will be the death of us," says he bought a cake the other
+evening:--"It is _thundering_ weight," observed the baker: "I hope it will
+not _lighten_ before I get it home," was the equivocal reply.
+
+Q.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPROMPTU
+
+
+On hearing a _Watchman_ cry the hour on Tuesday morning, September 29, the
+last of his duty.
+
+  "Farewell! mine occupation's gone,"
+    He sung in "half-past five;"
+  Here ends his call, his beat is done,
+    How then can he survive.
+
+TOM.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+_LIMBIRD'S EDITIONS_.
+
+
+CHEAP and POPULAR WORKS published at the MIRROR OFFICE in the Strand,
+near Somerset House.
+
+The ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS, Embellished with nearly 150
+Engravings. In 6 Parts, 1s. each.
+
+The TALES of the GENII. 4 Parts, 6d. each.
+
+The MICROCOSM. By the Right Hon. G. CANNING. &c. 4 Parts, 6d. each.
+
+PLUTARCH'S LIVES, with Fifty Portraits, 12 Parts, 1s. each.
+
+COWPER'S POEMS, with 12 Engravings, 12 Numbers, 3d. each.
+
+COOK'S VOYAGES, 28 Numbers, 3d. each.
+
+The CABINET of CURIOSITIES: or, WONDERS of the WORLD DISPLAYED. 27 Nos.
+2d. each.
+
+BEAUTIES of SCOTT, 36 Numbers, 3d. each.
+
+The ARCANA of SCIENCE for 1828. Price 4s. 6d.
+
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