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diff --git a/11446-h/11446-h.htm b/11446-h/11446-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..720ae19 --- /dev/null +++ b/11446-h/11446-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2016 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> +<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol. 14, Issue 400, November 21, 1829, by Various</title> + <style type="text/css"> + /*<![CDATA[*/ + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + + .note, .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 1em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 3em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 4em;} + + .figure {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin: auto;} + .figure img {border: none;} + .figure p + a:link {color:blue; + text-decoration:none} + link {color:blue; + text-decoration:none} + a:visited {color:blue; + text-decoration:none} + a:hover {color:red} + --> + /*]]>*/ + </style> +</head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11446 ***</div> +<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, Vol. 14, Issue 400, November 21, 1829, by Various</h1> +<br /> +<br /> +<center><b>E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, Keith M. Keckrich, David Garcia,<br /> + and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team</b></center> +<br /> +<br /> + <hr class="full" /> + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page337" name="page337"></a>[pg + 337]</span> + + <h1>THE MIRROR<br /> + OF<br /> + LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1> + <hr class="full" /> + + <table width="100%" summary="Banner"> + <tr> + <td align="left"><b>VOL. , NO. 400.]</b></td> + + <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 1829.</b></td> + + <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>The Limoeiro, at Lisbon.</h2> + + <div class="figure" style="width: 100%;"> + <a href="images/400-1.png"><img width="100%" src= + "images/400-1.png" alt="The Limoeiro, at Lisbon." /></a> + </div> + + <p>Locks, bolts, and bars! what have we here?—a view of the + <i>Limoeiro, or common jail</i>, at Lisbon, whose horrors, + without the fear of Don Miguel in our hearts, we will endeavour + to describe, though lightly—merely in outline,—since + nothing can be more disagreeable than the filling in.</p> + + <p>For this purpose we might quote ourselves, i.e. one of our + correspondents,<a id="footnotetag1" name= + "footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> or a + host of travellers and residents in the Portuguese capital; but + we give preference to Mr. W. Young, who has borne much of the + hard fare of the prison, and can accordingly speak more fully of + its accommodations and privations. Mr. Young is an Englishman, + who married a Portuguese lady in Leiria, and resided for several + years in that town. He was arrested in May, 1828, on suspicion of + disaffection towards Don Miguel's government: nothing appears to + have been proved against him, and after having suffered much + disagreeable treatment in different jails in Leiria and Lisbon, + he was discharged in the following September, on condition of + leaving the country. He returned to England, and lost no time in + publishing a volume entitled "Portugal in 1828;" with "A + Narrative of the Author's Residence there and of his persecution + and confinement as a state prisoner."</p> + + <p>The prison, says Mr. Young, stands on the highest ground in + St. George's Castle, and is the first building on the south side + toward the Tagus. Near the entrance it is divided internally as + follows below:—<i>Saletta</i> (the small hall;) <i>Salla + Livre</i> (free hall,) so called, because visiters are allowed to + go in to see their friends, except when the jailer or intendant + orders otherwise; <i>Salla Fechado</i> (the hall shut,) so + called, because no communication is allowed with the prisoners in + that hall; <i>Enchovia</i> (the common prison,) where thieves, + murderers, and vagabonds of every description are confined. This + last receptacle is a horrid place; and is often made use of as a + punishment for prisoners from other parts of the gaol. Hither + they are sent when they commit any offence, for as many days as + the jailer may think proper, and are often put in irons during + that time.</p> + + <p>Besides these different prisons on the <span class= + "pagenum"><a id="page338" name="page338"></a>[pg 338]</span> + ground floor, there are eight dungeons in a line, all nearly + alike in shape and size; but some are superior to others as to + light and air: and in proportion to the degree they wish to annoy + the unfortunate victim, so are these dungeons used. A few dollars + never fail to procure a better light and air when properly + applied.</p> + + <p>Three of these dungeons are about six feet higher than the + other five. There is a corridor in the front of them, which is + always shut up when any one is confined in them, so that no one + can ever approach the door of a dungeon. And to make this a + matter of certainty, whenever the jailer or officers of the + prison carry prisoners their food, they lock the door of the + corridor before they open that of the dungeon.</p> + + <p>The first of the lower five of these dungeons is in the + passage leading from, the <i>Salla Livre</i>, and next door to + the privy of the prison; so that it is never used as a secret + dungeon. The lower four are enclosed as those above, and are much + darker than that in the passage. This latter is claimed by the + book-keeper as his property, and I hired it of him to sleep in, + and to be alone when I wished to be so.</p> + + <p>The dungeons are all bomb proof, and over them is a terrace + thickly formed of brick and stone; still I could distinctly hear + the sentry walking over my head when all was quiet at night.</p> + + <p>The walls of these cells are about six feet thick, with bars + inside and out; the bars in the windows are three inches square, + making twelve inches in circumference, and being crossed they + form squares of about eight inches; the windows differ very much + in size, some not being half so large as others.</p> + + <p>Besides these double bars, there is a shutter immensely strong + and close, so that when shut, light is totally excluded; the iron + door has a strong bolt and lock, and outside of this there is a + strong wooden door; in the front of the windows, and about six + feet from them, there is a high wall; so that in the best of + these dungeons, there is only a reflected light.</p> + + <p>These are all the prisons on the ground floor, and when full + (which they too often are) the wretched prisoners are forced to + lie at night in two rows, with their feet to the wall, and their + heads to the middle of the room; this position they adopt on + account of the cold and damp of the stone walls; they touch each + other, and the floor is completely covered. Nay, at times, so + full is the gaol, that they are obliged to lie on the corridors, + and even on the steps.</p> + + <p>The Saletta will hold forty prisoners, the Salla Livre more + than sixty, the Salla Fechado one hundred, and the Enchovia, near + one hundred and forty. When one prison becomes too full, they + remove some of the victims to another, or send them to the forts, + or on board the ships in the river.</p> + + <p>The first floor is divided into two parts, officers' rooms, + and the Sallao, (saloon or large hall.) This hall will hold about + 150 persons, when full. Besides the Sallao and officers' rooms on + the first floor, there is a room set apart for questioning people + who are in the dungeons. This room has an entrance from the + street, and another through a passage from the dungeons, as well + as one from the officers' rooms.</p> + + <p>The magistrate and his clerk enter from the street, and no one + in the prison sees them. The prisoner is taken up stairs from the + dungeon, and the jailer or book-keeper enters from the officers' + apartments. Every thing is done in the most secret manner. If + they cannot cause the prisoner to commit himself, by confessing + to the offence with which he is charged, they send him back again + to the dungeon.</p> + + <p>The gaol of St. George's has a second floor tier of offices; + but that belongs to the governor and jailer; there are no + prisoners above the ground and the first floor.</p> + + <p>None of the authorities ever inquire whether he has any means + of subsistence; there is neither bed blanket, nor even straw, + unless the prisoner can buy it, and then he must pay the guards + to let it pass to him.</p> + + <p>Amongst the many thousands of unfortunate beings who are now + confined in Portugal, great numbers of them are without money or + any other means of subsistence; and were it not for the charity + of people in general, starvation would necessarily ensue.</p> + + <p>The only authorities employed about the prison are a jailer, + secretary, and eight guards; of the latter three are always on + duty; one of them being stationed at the first iron gate at the + entrance of the prison, another at the second gate, and a third + to attend the interior, each with a bunch of keys in his hand, + which serve for nearly all the doors. The guards are relieved + every night at nine o'clock, when, the man who is posted at the + outer door carries a strong iron rod (<i>see the Engraving</i>) + with which he strikes every bar in the windows and gates of the + gaol; and if <span class="pagenum"><a id="page339" name= + "page339"></a>[pg 339]</span> any one of them does not vibrate, + or ring, he carefully inspects it to ascertain whether it has + been cut with a saw, or corroded by any strong acid. This dismal + music lasts an hour. The whole expense of the prison to + government does not exceed 16<i>s</i>. per day, and the few + officers and guards, when Mr. Young was there, manage upwards of + four hundred prisoners. He was confined from June 16, to + September 7, and his account of the myriads of bugs, rats, mice, + and other vermin is truly disgusting. The reader will however + readily credit this report when he has been told of the revolting + state of the city itself. Mrs. Baillie, in her recent <i>Letters + on Lisbon</i>, says, "for three miles round Lisbon in every + direction, you cannot for a moment get clear of the disgusting + effluvia that issue from every house." Doctor Southey says "every + kind of vermin that exists to punish the nastiness and indolence + of man, multiplies in the heat and dirt of Lisbon. In addition to + mosquitoes, the scolopendra is not uncommonly found here, and + snakes sometimes intrude into the bedchamber. A small species of + red ant likewise swarms over every thing sweet, and the + Portuguese remedy is to send for the priest to exorcise them." + The city is still subject to shocks of earthquake; the state of + the police is horrible; street-robbery is common, and every thief + is an assassin. The pocket-knife, which the French troops are + said to have dreaded more than all the bayonets of either the + Spanish or the Portuguese, is here the ready weapon of the + assassin; and the Tagus receives many a corpse on which no + inquest ever sits. The morals, in fact, of all classes in Lisbon + appear to be in a dreadful state.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>THE CARD.</h3> + + <center> + A TALE OF TRUTH. + </center> + + <p>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Young Lady Giddygad, came down</p> + + <p>From spending half a year in town,</p> + + <p>With cranium full of balls and plays,</p> + + <p>Routs, fêtes, and fashionable ways,</p> + + <p>Caus'd in her country-town, so quiet,</p> + + <p>Unus'd to modish din and riot,</p> + + <p>No small confusion and amaze,</p> + + <p>"Quite a sensation," is the phrase,</p> + + <p>Like that, which puss, or pug, may feel</p> + + <p>When rous'd from slumber by your heel,</p> + + <p>Or drowsy ass, at rider's knock,</p> + + <p>Or——should you term him block;</p> + + <p>Quoi qu'il en soit, first, gossips gape,</p> + + <p>Then envy, scandalize, and ape!</p> + + <p>Quoth Mrs. Thrifty: "Nancy, dear,</p> + + <p>My Lady sends out cards I hear,</p> + + <p>With, I suppose, 'tis now polite,</p> + + <p>Merely 'At Home,' on such a night,</p> + + <p>Now child, altho' I dare not say</p> + + <p>We can afford to be so gay,</p> + + <p>We're as well born as Lady G——</p> + + <p>And may be, as well bred as she!</p> + + <p>That is, quite in a sober way</p> + + <p>So as we've nothing more to pay:</p> + + <p>For instance, when folks choose to come,</p> + + <p>And I don't choose to be 'At Home,'</p> + + <p>I'll have a notice stuck, you know,</p> + + <p>On the hall door, to tell them so:</p> + + <p>'Twill save our Rachel's legs you see,</p> + + <p>And soon the top will copy me!</p> + + <p>But, Nancy, d'ye hear, now write</p> + + <p>That I'm 'At Home' on Thursday night;</p> + + <p>'Tis a good fashion, for 'tis what</p> + + <p>Most fashions in this age are not</p> + + <p>A saving one: ah, prithee think,</p> + + <p>How it saves time, and quills, and ink!"</p> + + <p>So, duteous Nancy seiz'd a pen,</p> + + <p>To ladies, and to gentlemen</p> + + <p>Sent quickly out the cards; as quick</p> + + <p>Came one again: "Poh! fiddlestick</p> + + <p>An answer, yes?—come, let me see,</p> + + <p>My spectacles!" cried Mistress T——</p> + + <p>"Hum—Mrs. Thrifty,—Thursday + night—'At</p> + + <p>Home'—oh malice! fiendish spite,"</p> + + <p>(Quoth the good dame in furious ire,</p> + + <p>Whilst the card, fed the greedy fire)</p> + + <p>"No, never, never, will I strive</p> + + <p>To be genteel, as I'm alive,</p> + + <p>Beneath my own 'At Home' was cramm'd,</p> + + <p>There stay, good madam, and be d—d!"<a id= + "footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href= + "#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a></p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>M.L.B.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>MAHOMET THE GREAT AND HIS MISTRESS.</h3> + + <center> + <i>An Anecdote</i>. + </center> + + <p>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</p> + + <p>After the taking of Constantinople by the Turks, in the year + 1453, several captives, distinguished either for their rank or + their beauty, were presented to the victorious Mahomet the Great. + Irene, a most beautiful Greek lady, was one of those unfortunate + captives. The emperor was so delighted with her person, that he + dedicated himself wholly to her embraces, spending day and night + in her company, and neglected his most pressing affairs. His + officers, especially the Janissaries, were extremely exasperated + at his conduct; and loudly exclaimed against their degenerate and + <i>effeminate</i> prince, as they were then pleased to call him. + Mustapha Bassa, who had been brought up with the emperor from a + child, presuming upon his great interest, took an opportunity to + lay before his sovereign the bad consequences which would + inevitably ensue should he longer persevere in that unmanly and + base course of life. Mahomet, provoked at the Bassa's insolence, + told him that he deserved to die; <span class="pagenum"><a id= + "page340" name="page340"></a>[pg 340]</span> but that he would + pardon him in consideration of former services. He then commanded + him to assemble all the principal officers and captains in the + great hall of his palace the next day, to attend his royal + pleasure. Mustapha did as he was directed; and the next day the + sultan understanding that the Bassas and other officers awaited + him, entered the hall, with the charming Greek, who was + delicately dressed and adorned. Looking sternly around him, the + Sultan demanded, <i>which of them</i>, <i>possessing so fair an + object</i>, <i>could be contented to relinquish it</i>? Being + dazzled with the Christian's beauty, they unanimously answered, + that they highly commended his happy choice, and censured + themselves for having found fault with so much worth. The emperor + replied, that he would presently show them how much they had been + deceived in him, for that no earthly pleasure should so far + bereave him of his senses, or blind his understanding, as to make + him forget his duty in the high calling wherein he was placed. So + saying, he caught Irene by the hair of her head, which he + instantly severed from her body with his scimitar.</p> + + <p>G.W.N.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>Select Biography.</h2> + <hr /> + + <h3>JUVENILE POETESS.</h3> + + <center> + MEMOIR OF LUCRETIA DAVIDSON, + </center> + + <center> + <i>Who died at Plattsburgh, N.Y., August 27, 1825, aged sixteen + years and eleven months</i>. + </center> + + <p>[We hardly know how to give our readers an idea of the intense + interest which this biographical sketch has excited in our mind; + but we are persuaded they will thank us for adopting it in our + columns. The details are somewhat abridged from No. LXXXII. of + the <i>Quarterly Review</i>, (just published), where they appear + in the first article, headed "Amir Khan, and other Poems: the + remains of Lucretia Maria Davidson," &c., published at New + York, in the present year. Prefixed to these "remains" is a + biographical sketch, which forms the basis of the present memoir, + and from the Poems are selected the few specimens with which it + is illustrated.—ED.]</p> + + <p>Lucretia Maria Davidson was born September 27, 1808, at + Plattsburgh, on Lake Champlain. She was the second daughter of + Dr. Oliver Davidson, and Magaret his wife. Her parents were in + straitened circumstances, and it was necessary, from an early + age, that much of her time should be devoted to domestic + employments: for these she had no inclination, but she performed + them with that alacrity which always accompanies good will; and, + when her work was done, retired to enjoy those intellectual and + imaginative, pursuits in which her whole heart was engaged. This + predilection for studious retirement she is said to have + manifested at the early age of four years. Reports, and even + recollections of this kind, are to be received, the one with some + distrust, the other with some allowance; but when that allowance + is made, the genius of this child still appears to have been as + precocious as it was extraordinary. Instead of playing with her + schoolmates, she generally got to some secluded place, with her + little books, and with pen, ink, and paper; and the consumption + which she made of paper was such as to excite the curiosity of + her parents, from whom she kept secret the use to which she + applied it. If any one came upon her retirement, she would + conceal or hastily destroy what she was employed upon; and, + instead of satisfying the inquiries of her father and mother, + replied to them only by tears. The mother, at length, when + searching for something in a dark and unfrequented closet, found + a considerable number of little books, made of this + writing-paper, and filled with rude drawings, and with strange + and apparently illegible characters, which, however, were at once + seen to be the child's work. Upon closer inspection, the + characters were found to consist of the printed alphabet; some of + the letters being formed backwards, some sideways, and there + being no spaces between the words. These writings were + deciphered, not without much difficulty; and it then appeared + that they consisted of regular verses, generally in explanation + of a rude drawing, sketched on the opposite page. When she found + that her treasures had been discovered, she was greatly + distressed, and could not be pacified till they were restored; + and as soon as they were in her possession, she took the first + opportunity of secretly burning them.</p> + + <p>These books having thus been destroyed, the earliest remaining + specimen of her verse is an epitaph, composed in her ninth year, + upon an unfledged robin, killed in the attempt at rearing it. + When she was eleven years of age, her father took her to see the + decorations of a room in which Washington's birthday was to be + celebrated. Neither the novelty nor the gaiety of what she saw + attracted her attention; she thought of Washington <span class= + "pagenum"><a id="page341" name="page341"></a>[pg 341]</span> + alone, whose life she had read, and for whom she entertained the + proper feelings of an American; and as soon as she returned home, + she took paper, sketched a funeral urn, and wrote under it a few + stanzas, which were shown to her friends. Common as the talent of + versifying is, any early manifestation of it will always be + regarded as extraordinary by those who possess it not themselves; + and these verses, though no otherwise remarkable, were deemed so + surprising for a child of her age, that an aunt of hers could not + believe they were original, and hinted that they might have been + copied. The child wept at this suspicion, as if her heart would + break; but as soon as she recovered from that fit of indignant + grief, she indited a remonstrance to her aunt, in verse, which + put an end to such incredulity.</p> + + <p>We are told that, before she was twelve years of age, she had + read most of the standard English poets—a vague term, + excluding, no doubt, much that is of real worth, and including + more that is worth little or nothing, and yet implying a + wholesome course of reading for such a mind. Much history she had + also read, both sacred and profane; "the whole of Shakspeare's, + Kotzebue's, and Goldsmith's dramatic works;" (oddly consorted + names!) "and many of the popular novels and romances of the day:" + of the latter, she threw aside at once those which at first sight + appeared worthless. This girl is said to have observed every + thing: "frequently she has been known to watch the storm, and the + retiring clouds, and the rainbow, and the setting sun, for + hours."</p> + + <p>An English reader is not prepared to hear of distress arising + from straitened circumstances in America—the land of + promise, where there is room enough for all, and employment for + every body. Yet even in that new country, man, it appears, is + born not only to those ills which flesh is heir to, but to those + which are entailed upon him by the institutions of society. + Lucretia's mother was confined by illness to her room and bed for + many months; and this child, then about twelve years old, instead + of profiting under her mother's care, had in a certain degree to + supply her place in the business of the family, and to attend, + which she did dutifully and devotedly, to her sick bed. At this + time, a gentleman who had heard much of her verses, and expressed + a wish to see some of them, was so much gratified on perusing + them, that he sent her a complimentary note, enclosing a + bank-bill for twenty dollars. The girl's first joyful thought was + that she had now the means, which she had so often longed for, of + increasing her little stock of books; but, looking towards the + sick bed, tears came in her eyes, and she instantly put the bill + into her father's hands, saying, "Take it, father; it will buy + many comforts for mother; I can do without the books."</p> + + <p>There were friends, as they are called, who remonstrated with + her parents on the course they were pursuing in her education, + and advised that she should be deprived of books, pen, ink, and + paper, and rigorously confined to domestic concerns. Her parents + loved her both too wisely and too well to be guided by such + counsellors, and they anxiously kept the advice secret from + Lucretia, lest it should wound her feelings—perhaps, also, + lest it should give her, as it properly might, a rooted dislike + to these misjudging and unfeeling persons. But she discovered it + by accident, and without declaring any such intention, she gave + up her pen and her books, and applied herself exclusively to + household business, for several months, till her body as well as + her spirits failed. She became emaciated, her countenance bore + marks of deep dejection, and often, while actively employed in + domestic duties, she could neither restrain nor conceal her + tears. The mother seems to have been slower in perceiving this + than she would have been had it not been for her own state of + confinement; she noticed it at length, and said, "Lucretia, it is + a long time since you have written any thing." The girl then + burst into tears, and replied, "O mother, I have given that up + long ago." "But why?" said her mother. After much emotion, she + answered, "I am convinced from what my friends have said, and + from what I see, that I have done wrong in pursuing the course I + have. I well know the circumstances of the family are such, that + it requires the united efforts of every member to sustain it; and + since my eldest sister is now gone, it becomes my duty to do + every thing in my power to lighten the cares of my parents." On + this occasion, Mrs. Davidson acted with equal discretion and + tenderness; she advised her to take a middle course, neither to + forsake her favourite pursuits, nor devote herself to them, but + use them in that wholesome alternation with the every day + business of the world, which is alike salutary for the body and + the mind. She therefore occasionally resumed her pen, and seemed + comparatively happy.</p> + + <p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page342" name="page342"></a>[pg + 342]</span> How the encouragement which she received operated may + be seen in some lines, not otherwise worthy of preservation than + for the purpose of showing how the promises of reward affect a + mind like hers. They were written in her thirteenth year.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Whene'er the muse pleases to grace my dull page,</p> + + <p>At the sight of <i>reward</i>, she flies off in a + rage;</p> + + <p>Prayers, threats, and intreaties I frequently try,</p> + + <p>But she leaves me to scribble, to fret, and to sigh</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>She torments me each moment, and bids me go write,</p> + + <p>And when I obey her she laughs at the sight;</p> + + <p>The rhyme will not jingle, the verse has no sense,</p> + + <p>And against all her insults I have no defence.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>I advise all my friends who wish me to write,</p> + + <p>To keep their rewards and their gifts from my sight,</p> + + <p>So that jealous Miss Muse won't be wounded in pride,</p> + + <p>Nor Pegasus rear till I've taken my ride.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Let not the hasty reader conclude from these rhymes that + Lucretia was only what any child of early cleverness might be + made by forcing and injudicious admiration. In our own language, + except in the cases of Chatterton and Kirke White, we can call to + mind no instance of so early, so ardent, and so fatal a pursuit + of intellectual advancement.</p> + + <p>"She composed with great rapidity; as fast as most persons + usually copy. There are several instances of four or five pieces + on different subjects, and containing three or four stanzas each, + written on the same day. Her thoughts flowed so rapidly, that she + often expressed the wish that she had two pair of hands, that she + might employ them to transcribe. When 'in the vein,' she would + write standing, and be wholly abstracted from the company present + and their conversation. But if composing a piece of some length, + she wished to be entirely alone; she shut herself into her room, + darkened the windows, and in summer placed her Aeolian harp in + the window:" (thus by artificial excitement, feeding the fire + that consumed her.) "In those pieces on which she bestowed more + than ordinary pains, she was very secret; and if they were, by + any accident, discovered in their unfinished state, she seldom + completed them, and often destroyed them. She cared little for + any of her works after they were completed: some, indeed, she + preserved with care for future correction, but a great proportion + she destroyed: very many that are preserved, were rescued from + the flames by her mother. Of a complete poem, in five cantos, + called 'Rodri,' and composed when she was thirteen years of age, + a single canto, and part of another, are all that are saved from + a destruction which she supposed had obliterated every vestige of + it."</p> + + <p>She was often in danger, when walking, from carriages, + &c., in consequence of her absence of mind. When engaged in a + poem of some length, she has often forgotten her meals. A single + incident, illustrating this trait in her character, is worth + relating:—She went out early one morning to visit a + neighbour, promising to be at home to dinner. The neighbour being + absent, she requested to be shown into the library. There she + became so absorbed in her book, standing, with her bonnet + unremoved, that the darkness of the coming night first reminded + her she had forgotten her meals, and expended the entire day in + reading.</p> + + <p>She was peculiarly sensitive to music. There was one song (it + was Moore's Farewell to his Harp) to which she "took a special + fancy;" she wished to hear it only at twilight—thus, with + that same perilous love of excitement which made her place the + windharp in the window when she was composing, seeking to + increase the effect which the song produced upon a nervous + system, already diseasedly susceptible; for it is said, that + whenever she heard this song she became cold, pale, and almost + fainting; yet it was her favourite of all songs, and gave + occasion to these verses, addressed, in her fifteenth year, to + her sister.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>When evening spreads her shades around,</p> + + <p class="i2">And darkness fills the arch of heaven;</p> + + <p>When not a murmur, not a sound</p> + + <p class="i2">To Fancy's sportive ear is given;</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>When the broad orb of heaven is bright,</p> + + <p class="i2">And looks around with golden eye;</p> + + <p>When Nature, softened by her light.</p> + + <p class="i2">Seems calmly, solemnly to lie;</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Then, when our thoughts are raised above</p> + + <p class="i2">This world, and all this world can give,</p> + + <p>Oh, Sister! sing the song I love,</p> + + <p class="i2">And tears of gratitude receive.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>The song which thrills my bosom's core,</p> + + <p class="i2">And, hovering, trembles half afraid,</p> + + <p>Oh, Sister! sing the song once more,</p> + + <p class="i2">Which ne'er for mortal ear was made.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>'Twere almost sacrilege to sing</p> + + <p class="i2">Those notes amid the glare of day;</p> + + <p>Notes borne by angels' purest wing,</p> + + <p class="i2">And wafted by their breath away.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>When, sleeping in my grass-grown bed,</p> + + <p class="i2">Shouldst thou still linger here above,</p> + + <p>Wilt thou not kneel beside my head,</p> + + <p class="i2">And, Sister! sing the song I love?</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>To young readers it might be useful to observe, that these + verses in one place approach the verge of meaning, but are on the + wrong side of the line: to none can it be necessary to say, that + they <span class="pagenum"><a id="page343" name="page343"></a>[pg + 343]</span> breathe the deep feeling of a mind essentially + poetical.</p> + + <p>"Her desire of knowledge increased as she grew more capable of + appreciating its worth;" and she appreciated much beyond its real + worth the advantages which girls derive from the ordinary course + of female education. "Oh!" she said one day to her mother, "that + I only possessed half the means of improvement which I see others + slighting! I should be the happiest of the happy." A youth whom + nature has endowed with diligence and a studious disposition has, + indeed, too much reason to regret the want of that classical + education which is wasted upon the far greater number of those on + whom it is bestowed; but, for a girl who displays a promise of + genius like Lucretia, and who has at hand the Bible and the best + poets in her own language, no other assistance can be needed in + her progress than a supply of such books as may store her mind + with knowledge. Lucretia's desire of knowledge was a passion + which possessed her like a disease. "I am now sixteen years old," + she said, "and what do I know? Nothing!—nothing, compared + with what I have yet to learn. Time is rapidly passing by: that + time usually allotted to the improvement of youth; and how dark + are my prospects in regard to this favourite wish of my heart!" + At another time she said—"How much there is yet to + learn!—If I could only grasp it at once!"</p> + + <p>In October 1824, when she had just entered upon her + seventeenth year, a gentleman, then on a visit at Plattsburgh, + saw some of her verses—was made acquainted with her ardent + desire for education, and with the circumstances in which she was + placed; and he immediately resolved to afford her every advantage + which the best schools in the country could furnish. This + gentleman has probably chosen to have his name withheld, being + more willing to act benevolently than to have his good deeds + blazoned; and yet, stranger as he needs must be, there are many + English readers to whom it would have been gratifying, could they + have given to such a person "a local habitation and a name." When + Lucretia was made acquainted with his intention, the joy was + almost greater than she could bear. As soon as preparations could + be made, she left home, and was placed at the "Troy Female + Seminary," under the instruction of Mrs. Willard. There she had + all the advantages for which she had hungered and thirsted; and, + like one who had long hungered and thirsted, she devoured them + with fatal eagerness. Her application was incessant; and its + effects on her constitution, already somewhat debilitated by + previous disease, became apparent in increased nervous + sensibility. Her letters at this time exhibit the two extremes of + feeling in a marked degree. They abound in the most sprightly or + most gloomy speculations, bright hopes and lively fancies, or + despairing fears and gloomy forebodings. In one of her letters + from this seminary, she writes thus to her mother: "I hope you + will feel no uneasiness as to my health or happiness; for, save + the thoughts of my dear mother and her lonely life, and the idea + that my dear father is slaving himself, and wearing out his very + life, to earn a subsistence for his family—save these + thoughts (and I can assure you, mother, they come not seldom), I + am happy. Oh! how often I think, if I could have but one-half the + means I now expend, and be at liberty to divide that with mamma, + how happy I should be!—cheer up and keep good courage." In + another, she says: "Oh! I am so happy, so contented now, that + every unusual movement startles me. I am constantly afraid that + something will happen to mar it." Again, she says: "I hope the + expectations of my friends will not be disappointed: but I am + afraid you all calculate upon <i>too much</i>. I hope not, for I + am not capable of much. I can study and be industrious; but I + fear I shall not equal the hopes which you say are raised." The + story of Kirke White should operate not more as an example than a + warning; but the example is followed and the warning overlooked. + Stimulants are administered to minds which are already in a state + of feverish excitement. Hotbeds and glasses are used for plants + which can only acquire strength in the shade; and they are + drenched with instruction, which ought "to drop as the rain, and + distil as the dew—as the small rain upon the tender herb, + and as the shower upon the grass."</p> + + <p>During the vacation, in which she returned home, she had a + serious illness, which left her feeble and more sensitive than + ever. On her recovery she was placed at the school of Miss + Gilbert, in Albany; and there, in a short time, a more alarming + illness brought her to the very borders of the grave. Before she + entered upon her intemperate course of application at Troy, her + verses show that she felt a want of joyous and healthy + feeling—a sense of decay. Thus she wrote to a friend, who + had not seen her since her childhood:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <span class="pagenum"><a id="page344" name="page344"></a>[pg + 344]</span> + + <p>And thou hast mark'd in childhood's hour</p> + + <p class="i2">The fearless boundings of my breast,</p> + + <p>When fresh as summer's opening flower,</p> + + <p class="i2">I freely frolick'd and was blest.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Oh say, was not this eye more bright?</p> + + <p class="i2">Were not these lips more wont to smile?</p> + + <p>Methinks that then my heart was light,</p> + + <p class="i2">And I a fearless, joyous child</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>And thou didst mark me gay and wild,</p> + + <p class="i2">My careless, reckless laugh of mirth:</p> + + <p>The simple pleasures of a child,</p> + + <p class="i2">The holiday of man on earth.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Then thou hast seen me in that hour,</p> + + <p class="i2">When every nerve of life was new,</p> + + <p>When pleasures fann'd youth's infant flower,</p> + + <p class="i2">And Hope her witcheries round it threw.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>That hour is fading; it has fled;</p> + + <p class="i2">And I am left in darkness now,</p> + + <p>A wanderer tow'rds a lowly bed,</p> + + <p class="i2">The grave, that home of all below.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Young poets often affect a melancholy strain, and none more + frequently put on a sad and sentimental mood in verse than those + who are as happy as an utter want of feeling for any body but + themselves can make them. But in these verses the feeling was + sincere and ominous. Miss Davidson recovered from her illness at + Albany so far only as to be able to perform the journey back to + Plattsburgh, under her poor mother's care. "The hectic flush of + her cheek told but too plainly that a fatal disease had fastened + upon her constitution, and must ere long inevitably triumph." She + however dreaded something worse than death, and while confined to + her bed, wrote these unfinished lines, the last that were ever + traced by her indefatigable hand, expressing her fear of + madness.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>There is a something which I dread,</p> + + <p class="i2">It is a dark, a fearful thing;</p> + + <p>It steals along with withering tread.</p> + + <p class="i2">Or sweeps on wild destruction's wing.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>That thought comes o'er me in the hour,</p> + + <p class="i2">Of grief, of sickness, or of sadness;</p> + + <p>'Tis not the dread of death,—'tis more,</p> + + <p class="i2">It is the dread of madness.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Oh, may these throbbing pulses pause</p> + + <p class="i2">Forgetful of their feverish course;</p> + + <p>May this hot brain, which burning, glows,</p> + + <p class="i2">With all a fiery whirlpool's force,</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Be cold, and motionless, and still</p> + + <p class="i2">A tenant of its lowly bed;</p> + + <p>But let not dark delirium steal—</p> + </div> + </div> + <hr /> + + <p>The stanzas with which Kirke White's fragment of the + "Christiad" concludes, are not so painful as these lines. Had + this however been more than a transient feeling, it would have + produced the calamity which it dreaded: it is likely, indeed, + that her early death was a dispensation of mercy, and saved her + from the severest of all earthly inflictions; and that same + merciful Providence which removed her to a better state of + existence, made these apprehensions give way to a hope and + expectation of recovery, which, vain as it was, cheered some of + her last hours. When she was forbidden to read it was a pleasure + to her to handle the books which composed her little library, and + which she loved so dearly. "She frequently took them up and + kissed them; and at length requested them to be placed at the + foot of her bed, where she might constantly see them," and + anticipating a revival which was not to be, of the delight she + should feel in reperusing them, she said often to her mother, + "what a feast I shall have by-and-bye." How these words must have + gone to that poor mother's heart, they only can understand who + have heard such like anticipations of recovery from a dear child, + and not been able, even whilst hoping against hope, to partake + them.</p> + + <p>When sensible at length of her approaching dissolution, she + looked forward to it without alarm; not alone in that peaceful + state of mind which is the proper reward of innocence, but in + reliance on the divine promises, and in hope of salvation through + the merits of our blessed Lord and Saviour. The last name which + she pronounced was that of the gentleman whose bounty she had + experienced, and towards whom she always felt the utmost + gratitude. Gradually sinking under her malady, she passed away on + the 27th of August, 1825, before she had completed her + seventeenth year. Her person was singularly beautiful; she had "a + high, open forehead, a soft, black eye, perfect symmetry of + features, a fair complexion, and luxuriant dark hair. The + prevailing expression of her face was melancholy. Although, + because of her beauty as well as of her mental endowments, she + was the object of much admiration and attention, yet she shunned + observation, and often sought relief from the pain it seemed to + inflict upon her, by retiring from the company."</p> + + <p>That she should have written so voluminously as has been + ascertained, (says the editor of her Poems), is almost + incredible. Her poetical writings which have been collected, + amount in all to two hundred and seventy-eight pieces of various + length; when it is considered that among these are at least five + regular poems of several cantos each, some estimate may be formed + of her poetical labours. Besides there were twenty-four school + exercises, three unfinished romances, a complete tragedy, written + at thirteen years of age, and about forty letters, in a few + months, to her mother alone. To this statement should also be + appended the fact, that a great portion of her writings she + destroyed. Her <span class="pagenum"><a id="page345" name= + "page345"></a>[pg 345]</span> mother observes, "I think I am + justified in saying that she destroyed at least one-third of all + she wrote."</p> + + <p>Of the literary character of her writings, (says the editor), + it does not, perhaps, become me largely to speak; yet I must + hazard the remark, that her defects will be perceived to be those + of youth and inexperience, while in invention, and in that + mysterious power of exciting deep interest, of enchaining the + attention and keeping it alive to the end of the story; in that + adaptation of the measure to the sentiment, and in the sudden + change of measure to suit a sudden change of sentiment; a wild + and romantic description; and in the congruity of the + accompaniment to her characters, all conceived with great purity + and delicacy—she will be allowed to have discovered + uncommon maturity of mind, and her friends to have been warranted + in forming very high expectations of her future distinction.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>Curious Dial.</h3> + + <div class="figure" style="width: 50%; float: left;"> + <a href="images/400-2.png"><img width="100%" src= + "images/400-2.png" alt="Curious Dial." /></a> + </div> + + <p>This Dial, which was really no common or vulgar invention, + formerly stood in Privy Garden, Whitehall, at a short distance + from Gibbons's noble brass statue of James II., which, as a + waggish friend of ours said of the horse at Charing Cross, + remains in <i>statu-quo</i> to this day. The Dial was invented by + one Francis Hall, alias Line, a Jesuit, and Professor of + Mathematics at Liege, in Germany. It was set up, as the old books + have it, in the year 1669, by order of Charles II.; and in + addition to the parts represented in the cut, the inventer + intended to place a water-dial at each corner, which he had + nearly completed when the original Dial for want of a cover, as + he quaintly observes, (which according to his Majestie's Gracious + Order should have been set over it in the Winter) was much + injured by the snow lying frozen upon it. But there was no chance + of obtaining this out of Charles's coffers, and the Dial soon + became useless. Its explanation was, however, considered by many + mathematical men of the period as too valuable to be lost, and + the Professor accordingly printed the description at Liege, in + 1673, in which were plates and diagrams of the several parts. The + matter was too grave for pleasant, anecdotical Pennant, who, + speaking of the Dial, in his <i>London</i>, says "the description + surpasses my powers:" he refers the reader to the above work, a + "very scarce book" in his time, and we have been at some pains to + obtain the reprint, (London, 1685,) appended to Holwell's + <i>Clavis Horologiae; or Key to the whole art of Arithmetical + Dialling</i>, small 4to. 1712.<a id="footnotetag3" name= + "footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a></p> + + <p>The whole Dial stood on a stone pedestal, and consisted of + six<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href= + "#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a> parts, rising in a pyramidal form, + as represented in the Cut.</p> + + <p>The base, or first piece, was a table of about 40 inches in + diameter, and 8 or 9 inches thick, in the edge of which were 20 + glazed dials, with the Jewish, Babylonian, Italian, Astronomical, + and usual European methods of counting the hours: they were all + vertical or declining Dials, the style or gnomon being a lion's + paw, unicorn's horn, or some emblem from the royal arms. On the + upper part of the Table were 8 reclining dials, glazed, and + showing the hour in different ways—as by the shade of the + style falling upon the hour-lines, the hour-lines falling on the + style, or without any shade of hour-lines or style, &c. Upon + this piece or table stood also 4 globes, cut into planes, with + geographical, astronomical, and astrological dials. From the + table also, east, west, north, and south, were four iron branches + supporting glass bowls, showing the hour by fire, water, air, and + earth.</p> + + <p>The second piece of the pyramid was also a round table + somewhat less than the first, with 4 iron supporters, and dials + on the edge, showing the different rising of remarkable stars; + the style to <span class="pagenum"><a id="page346" name= + "page346"></a>[pg 346]</span> each being a little star painted + upon the inside of the glass cover. From this piece also branched + 4 glass bowls to show the hour by a style without a shadow, a + shadow without a style, &c. Upon the upper part of the table + were 8 reclining planes, 4 covered with looking-glass, on which + the hour-lines, or style of a dial being painted, were reflected + upon the bottom inclining planes of the third piece, and there + showed the hour. The other 4 had also dials upon them, which were + to be seen in a looking-glass placed upon the bottom of the third + piece.</p> + + <p>The third piece was a large hollow globe, about 24 inches in + diameter, and cut into 26 planes, two of which served for top and + bottom. The rest were divided into 8 equal reclining planes, 8 + equal inclining planes, and 8 equal vertical or upright planes; + all of which were hollow. The incliners were not covered with + glass, but left open, so as better to receive and show the dials + reflected from the second piece. Two of the 8 upright planes + towards the north had no bottoms, but were covered only with + clear glass, or windows to look into the globe, and thus see the + dials as well within as without the same. The other 6 had not + only each a cover of clear polished glass, with a dial described + on them, like those of the first piece, but had a glass for their + bottom; which glass was thinly painted over white, so that the + shade of the hour-lines drawn upon the cover, might be seen as + well within as without the globe. On these bottom glasses were + painted portraits, each holding a sceptre, or truncheon, the end + of which pointed to the hour. Two also of the recliners towards + the north, had only a glass cover, or window to look into the + globe: the other 6 had double glass like the former; their dials + being some upon the cover, others upon the bottom; but all so + contrived, that the hour could only be known by them, by looking + within the globe. From the top of this globe issued 4 iron + branches with glass bowls with dials showing the time according + to the several ways of counting the hours. These bowls were + painted inside so as to keep out the light, except a point left + like a star, through which the sun-beams showed the hour; and the + place where the hour-lines were drawn, was only painted on the + outside thinly with white colour, so that the sun-light passing + through the star might be seen, and show the hour.</p> + + <p>The fourth piece stood on the globe, had 4 iron supporters, + and was a table about 20 inches in diameter, and 6 in thickness! + The edge was cut into 12 concave superficies like so many + half-cylinders; on each of which was a dial showing the hour by + the shade of a fleur-de-lis fixed at the top of each + half-cylinder. From the top of this table issued 4 iron branches, + with glass bowls, like those of the first, second, and third + pieces, though proportionally less. The dials on these bowls + showed only the usual hour, and otherwise differed from the third + piece; here the hour-lines being left clear for the sunbeams to + pass through, that by so passing, they might exhibit the same + dial on the opposite side of the bowl, which was thinly painted + white, that the said hours might be seen, and show the hour by + their passing over a little star painted in the middle.</p> + + <p>The fifth piece likewise upon 4 iron supporters, was a globe + of about 12 inches diameter, cut into 14 planes, viz. 8 + triangles, equal and equilateral; and the other 6 were equal + squares. The dials on these planes showed the usual hour by the + shade of a fleur-de-lis fastened to the top or bottom of each + plane.</p> + + <p>The last, or top piece of the pyramid, was a glass bowl of 7 + inches diameter, upon a foot of iron. The north side of this + piece was thinly painted over white, that the shade of a little + golden ball, placed in the middle of the bowl, might be seen to + pass over the hour-lines which were drawn upon the white colour, + and noted the hour. The bowl was included between two circles of + iron gilt, with a cross on the top.</p> + + <p>Such is a general description of the parts or divisions of + this very curious Dial. To which may be added that the first four + pieces had all their sides covered with little plates of black + glass, first cemented to the said pieces, except those places + whereon the dials were drawn; which being also covered with + plates of polished glass, nearly the whole of the outside of the + dial appeared to be glass; the angles or corners being elegantly + gilt, as were in part the iron work of the pyramid, supporters, + branches, styles, &c.</p> + + <p>We have abridged and in part rewritten this explanation from + upwards of six closely-printed 4to. pages. After the general + description, in the original tract, the different sections or + parts of the dial, 73 in number, are still further explained, and + illustrated by 17 plates, besides a vertical section, of which + last our Cut is a copy. Perhaps these details would tire the + general reader, and on that account we do not press <span class= + "pagenum"><a id="page347" name="page347"></a>[pg 347]</span> + them: a few of them, however, may be noticed still further.</p> + + <p>Of these, the <i>Bowls</i> appear to be the most attractive. + One on the first piece, <i>by fire</i> was a little glass bowl + filled with clear water. This bowl was about three inches + diameter, placed in the middle of another sphere, about six + inches diameter, consisting of several iron rings or circles, + representing the hour circles in the heavens. The hour was known + by applying the hand to these circles when the sun shone, when + that circle where you felt the hand burnt by the sunbeams passing + through the bowl filled with water, showed the true hour, + according to the verse beneath it:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Cratem tange, manusq horam tibi reddet adusta.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The phenomenon is thus explained by the Professor: "the + parallel rays of the sun passing through the little bowl, are + bent by the density of the water, into a cone or pyramid, whose + vertex reaches a little beyond those hour circles, and there + burns the hand applied; for so many rays being all united into a + point, must needs make an intense heat, which heat is so powerful + in the summer-time, that it will fire a piece of wood applied to + it."</p> + + <p>To many of the Dials were suitable inscriptions as above, and + these with the references must have made the construction of the + whole a task of immense labour. It would be absurd to expect that + Charles II. had much to do with its completion, for he was, in + his own estimation, more pleasantly employed than in watching the + flight of time by heavenly luminaries. His attractions were on + earth, where the splendour of a wicked court and the witchery of + bright eyes eclipsed all other pursuits. Still, the licentious + king was not forgotten by the inventer of the dial. Among the + pictures on some of the glasses were portraits of the king, the + two queens, the duke of York, prince Rupert, &c. In the + king's picture, the hour was shown by the shade of the hour-lines + passing over the top of the sceptre—perhaps the only time + the royal trifier ever pointed to so useful an end. Prince + Rupert, by his contributions to science, had a better right to be + there; but Charles was not even grateful enough for the elevation + to protect the precious Dial from rain and snow.</p> + + <p>In the list of subscribers for the reprint of the Tract, + occurs "Jacob Chandler, basket-maker:" in our times this would be + considered a knotty work for any but a professional reader.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>NOTES OF A READER</h2> + <hr /> + + <h3>HISTORY OF INSECTS.</h3> + + <center> + <i>The Family Library, No. 7.<br /> + Library of Entertaining Knowledge, Part 6.—Insect + Architecture</i>. + </center> + + <p>At present we can only notice these works as two of the most + delightful volumes that have for some time fallen into our hands, + and as possessing all the merits which characterize the previous + portions of the Series. Our cognizance of them, in a collected + form, must rest till the other half appears; in the meantime a + few <i>flying</i> extracts will prove amusing:—</p> + + <center> + <i>Bees without a Queen</i>. + </center> + + <p>These humble creatures cherish their queen, feed her, and + provide for her wants. They live only in her life, and die when + she is taken away. Her absence deprives them of no organ, + paralyzes no limb, yet in every case they neglect all their + duties for twenty-four hours. They receive no stranger queen + before the expiration of that time; and if deprived of the + cherished object altogether, they refuse food, and quickly + perish. What, it may be asked, is the physical cause of such + devotion? What are the bonds that chain the little creature to + its cell, and force it to prefer death, to the flowers and the + sunshine that invite it to come forth and live? This is not a + solitary instance, in which the Almighty has made virtues, + apparently almost unattainable by us, natural to animals! For + while man has marked, with that praise which great and rare good + actions merit, those few instances in which one human being has + given up his own life for another—the dog, who daily + sacrifices himself for his master, has scarcely found an + historian to record his common virtue.—<i>Family + Library</i>.</p> + + <center> + <i>Cleanliness of Bees</i>. + </center> + + <p>Among other virtues possessed by bees, cleanliness is one of + the most marked; they will not suffer the least filth in their + abode. It sometimes happens that an ill-advised slug or ignorant + snail chooses to enter the hive, and has even the audacity to + walk over the comb; the presumptuous and foul intruder is quickly + killed, but its gigantic carcass is not so speedily removed. + Unable to transport the corpse out of their dwelling, and fearing + "the noxious smells" arising from corruption, the bees adopt an + efficacious mode of protecting themselves; they embalm their + offensive enemy, by covering him over with propolis; both Maraldi + and Reaumur <span class="pagenum"><a id="page348" name= + "page348"></a>[pg 348]</span> have seen this. The latter observed + that a snail had entered a hive, and fixed itself to the glass + side, just as it does against walls, until the rain shall invite + it to thrust out its head beyond its shell. The bees, it seemed, + did not like the interloper, and not being able to penetrate the + shell with their sting, took a hint from the snail itself, and + instead of covering it all over with propolis, the cunning + economists fixed it immovably, by cementing merely the edge of + the orifice of the shell to the glass with this resin, and thus + it became a prisoner for life, for rain cannot dissolve this + cement, as it does that which the insect itself uses.<a id= + "footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a href= + "#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a>—<i>Ibid</i>.</p> + + <p>It furnishes a subject of serious consideration, as well as an + argument for a special providence, to know, that the accurate + Reaumur, and other naturalists, have observed, that when any kind + of insect has increased inordinately, their natural enemies have + increased in the same proportion, and thus preserved the + balance.—<i>Ibid</i>.</p> + + <center> + <i>Gnats</i>. + </center> + + <p>There are few insects with whose form we are better acquainted + than that of the gnat. It is to be found in all latitudes and + climates; as prolific in the Polar as in the Equatorial regions. + In 1736 they were so numerous, and were seen to rise in such + clouds from Salisbury cathedral, that they looked like columns of + smoke, and frightened the people, who thought the building was on + fire. In 1766, they appeared at Oxford, in the form of a thick + black cloud; six columns were observed to ascend the height of + fifty or sixty feet. Their bite was attended with alarming + inflammation. To some appearances of this kind our great poet, + Spenser, alludes, in the following beautiful simile:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>As when a swarm of gnats at eventide,</p> + + <p>Out of the fennes of Allan doe arise,</p> + + <p>Their murmurring small trumpets sownden wide,</p> + + <p>Whiles in the air their clust'ring army flies.</p> + + <p>That as a cloud doth seem to dim the skies:</p> + + <p>Ne man nor beast may rest or take repast,</p> + + <p>For their sharp wounds and noyous injuries,</p> + + <p>Till the fierce northern wind, with blustering blast,</p> + + <p>Doth blow them quite away, and in the ocean cast.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>In Lapland, their numbers have been compared to a flight of + snow when the flakes fall thickest, and the minor evil of being + nearly suffocated by smoke is endured to get rid of these little + pests. Captain Stedman says, that he and his soldiers were so + tormented by gnats in America, that they were obliged to dig + holes in the ground with their bayonets, and thrust their heads + into them for protection and sleep. Humboldt states, that + "between the little harbour of Higuerote and the mouth of the + Rio-Unare, the wretched inhabitants are accustomed to stretch + themselves on the ground, and pass the night buried in the sand + three or four inches deep, exposing only the head, which they + cover with a handkerchief."</p> + + <p>After enumerating these and other examples of the achievements + of the gnat and musquito tribe, Kirby says, "It is not therefore + incredible that Sapor, King of Persia, should have been compelled + to raise the siege of Nisibis by a plague of gnats, which + attacked his elephants and beasts of burden, and so caused the + rout of his army; nor that the inhabitants of various cities + should, by an extraordinary multiplication of this plague, have + been compelled to desert them; nor that, by their power of doing + mischief, like other conquerors who have been the torment of the + human race, they should have attained to fame, and have given + their name to bays, town, and territories." <i>Ibid</i>.</p> + + <center> + <i>Leaf Caterpillars</i>. + </center> + + <p>The design of the caterpillars in rolling up the leaves is not + only to conceal themselves from birds and predatory insects, but + also to protect themselves from the cuckoo-flies, which lie in + wait in every quarter to deposit their eggs in their bodies, that + their progeny may devour them. Their mode of concealment, + however, though it appear to be cunningly contrived and skilfully + executed, is not always successful, their enemies often + discovering their hiding place. We happened to see a remarkable + instance of this last summer (1828), in a case of one of the + lilac caterpillars which had changed into a chrysalis within the + closely folded leaf. A small cuckoo-fly, aware, it should seem, + of the very spot where the chrysalis lay within the leaf, was + seen boring through it with her ovipositor, and introducing her + eggs through the punctures thus made into the body of the dormant + insect. We allowed her to lay all her eggs, about six in number, + and then put the leaf under an inverted glass. In a few days the + eggs of the cuckoo-fly were hatched, the grubs devoured the lilac + chrysalis, and finally changed into pupae in a case of yellow + silk, and into perfect insects like their + parent.—<i>Library of Entertaining Knowledge</i>.</p> + + <p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page349" name="page349"></a>[pg + 349]</span> The last extract, and all in the Library of + Entertaining Knowledge signed J.R. are written by Mr. J. Rennie, + whose initials must be familiar to every reader as attached to + some of the most interesting papers in Mr. Loudon's Magazines. He + is a nice observer of Nature, and one of the most popular writers + on her phenomena.</p> + + <p>As we treated the cuts of the last portion of the "Library of + Entertaining Knowledge," rather critically, we are happy to say + that the engravings of insects in the present part make ample + amends for all former imperfections in that branch of the work; + some of the pupae, insects, their nests, &c. are admirably + executed, and their selection is equally judicious and + attractive.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>SPIRITUOUS LIQUORS.</h3> + + <p>Spirit-drinking appears to have attained a <i>pretty + considerable</i> pitch in America, where, according to the + proceedings of the American Temperance Society, half as many tuns + of domestic spirits are annually produced as of wheat and flour; + and in the state of New York, in the year 1825, there were 2,264 + grist-mills, and 1,129 distilleries of whiskey. In a + communication to this society from Philadelphia, it is + calculated, that out of 4,151 deaths in that city in the year + 1825, 335 are attributed solely to the abuse of ardent + spirits!</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>WOOD ENGRAVING.</h3> + + <p>In early life Bewick cut a vignette for the Newcastle + newspaper, from which it is calculated that more than <i>nine + hundred thousand impressions</i> have been worked off; yet the + block is still in use, and not perceptibly impaired.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>AUSTRIA.</h3> + + <p>The present Emperor of Austria is a gentle, fatherly old man. + We have heard none of his subjects speak of him with anything but + love and affection. The meanest peasant has access to him; and, + except on public occasions, he leads a simpler life than any + nobleman among ourselves. It is, perhaps, less the emperor than + the nobility who govern in Austria, and less the nobility than + Metternich, the prince-pattern of + prime-ministers.—<i>Foreign Review</i>.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>HANGING.</h3> + + <p>The following letter tends to rectify an error which very + generally prevails, namely, that it costs only thirteen-pence + halfpenny to be hung. It is copied <i>literatim et verbatim</i>, + from one made out by Mr. Ketch himself, and proves that a man + cannot be hung for so mere a trifle:—</p> + <pre> + "Silvester. s. d. + Executioner's Fees............ 7 6 + Stripping the Body............ 4 6 + Use of Shell.................. 2 6 + 1813. ______ + Nov. 10. 14 6" +</pre> + + <p><i>Blackwood's Magazine</i>.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>SCOTTISH POETRY.</h3> + + <p>The passion of the Scots, from whatever race derived, for + poetry and music, developed itself in the earliest stages of + their history. They possessed a wild imagination, a dark and + gloomy mythology; they peopled the caves, the woods, the rivers, + and the mountains, with spirits, elves, giants, and dragons; and + are we to wonder that the Scots, a nation in whose veins the + blood of all those remote races is unquestionably mingled, + should, at a very remote period, have evinced an enthusiastic + admiration for song and poetry; that the harper was to be found + amongst the officers who composed the personal state of the + sovereign, and that the country maintained a privileged race of + wandering minstrels, who eagerly seized on the prevailing + superstitions and romantic legends, and wove them in rude, but + sometimes very expressive versification, into their stories and + ballads; who were welcome guests at the gate of every feudal + castle, and fondly beloved by the great body of the + people.—<i>Tytler's History of Scotland</i>.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>TO CONSTANTINOPLE,</h3> + + <p><i>On approaching the city about sun-rise, from the Sea of + Marmora</i>.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>A glorious form thy shining city wore,</p> + + <p>'Mid cypress thickets of perennial green,</p> + + <p>With minaret and golden dome between,</p> + + <p>While thy sea softly kiss'd its grassy shore.</p> + + <p>Darting across whose blue expanse was seen</p> + + <p>Of sculptured barques and galleys many a score;</p> + + <p>Whence noise was none save that of plashing oar;</p> + + <p>Nor word was spoke, to break the calm serene.</p> + + <p>Unhear'd is whisker'd boatman's hail or joke;</p> + + <p>Who, mute as Sinbad's man of copper, rows,</p> + + <p>And only intermits the sturdy stroke</p> + + <p>When fearless gull too nigh his pinnace goes.</p> + + <p>I, hardly conscious if I dream'd or woke,</p> + + <p>Mark'd that strange piece of action and repose.</p> + </div> + </div> + <hr /> + + <h3>BERWICK.</h3> + + <p>In the thirteenth century Berwick enjoyed a prosperity, such + as threw every other Scottish port into the shade; the customs of + this town, at the above date, amounted to about one-fourth of all + the customs of England.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page350" name="page350"></a>[pg + 350]</span></p> + + <h2>SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.</h2> + <hr /> + + <h3>THE LORD MAYORS DAY.</h3> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Spirit of Momus! thou'rt wandering wide.</p> + + <p>When I would thou wert merrily perch'd by my side,</p> + + <p class="i2">For I am sorely beset by the <i>blues</i>;</p> + + <p>Thou fugitive elf! I adjure thee return,</p> + + <p>By Fielding's best wig, and the ashes of Sterne,</p> + + <p class="i2">Appear at the call of my muse."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>It comes, with a laugh on its rubicund face;</p> + + <p>Methinks, by the way, it's in pretty good case,</p> + + <p class="i2">For a spirit unblest with a body;</p> + + <p class="i2">"On the claret bee's-wing," says the sprite, "I + regale;</p> + + <p>But I'm ready for all—from Lafitte down to ale,</p> + + <p class="i2">From Champagne to a tumbler of toddy.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Then I'm not over-nice, as at least <i>you</i> must + know,</p> + + <p>In the rank of my hosts—for the lofty or low</p> + + <p class="i2">Are alike to the Spirit of Mirth;</p> + + <p>I care not a straw with whom I have dined,</p> + + <p>Though a family dinner's not much to my mind,</p> + + <p class="i2">And a proser's a plague upon earth.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"But where, my dear sprite, for this age have you + been?</p> + + <p>Have you plunged in the Danube, or danced on the + Seine?</p> + + <p class="i2">Or have taken in Lisbon your station?</p> + + <p>Or have flapped over Windsor your butterfly-wings,</p> + + <p>O'er its bevy of beauties, and courtiers, and + kings—</p> + + <p class="i2">The wonders and wits of the nation?"</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"No; of all climes for folly, Old England's the clime;</p> + + <p>Of all times for fully, the present's the time;</p> + + <p class="i2">And my game is so plentiful here,</p> + + <p>That all months are the same, from December to May;</p> + + <p>I can bag in a minute enough for a day—</p> + + <p class="i2">In a day, bag enough for a year.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"My game-bag has nooks for 'Notes, Sketches, and + Journeys,'</p> + + <p>By soldiers and sailors, divines and attorneys,</p> + + <p class="i2">Through landscapes gay, blooming, and + briary;</p> + + <p>And so, as you seem rather pensive to-night,</p> + + <p>To dispel your blue-devils, I'll briefly recite</p> + + <p class="i2">A specimen-leaf from my diary:—</p> + </div> + </div> + + <center> + "'THE NINTH OF NOVEMBER. + </center> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"'Through smoke-clouds as dark as a forest of rooks,</p> + + <p>The rich contribution of blacksmiths and cooks</p> + + <p class="i2">From the huge human oven below,</p> + + <p>I heard old St. Paul's gaily pealing away;</p> + + <p>Thinks I to myself, 'It is Lord Mayor's Day,</p> + + <p class="i2">So, I'll go down and look at the Show.'</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"'I spread out my pinions, and sprang on my perch—</p> + + <p>'Twas the dragon on Bow, that odd sign of the church,</p> + + <p class="i2">The episcopal centre of action;</p> + + <p>All Cheapside was crowded with black, brown, and fair,</p> + + <p>Like a harlequin's jacket, or French rocquelaire,</p> + + <p class="i2">A legitimate Cheapside attraction.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Then rung through the tumult a trumpet so shrill,</p> + + <p>That it frightened the ladies all down Ludgate Hill,</p> + + <p class="i2">And the owlets in Ivy Lane;</p> + + <p>Then came in their chariots, each face in full blow,</p> + + <p>The sheriffs and aldermen, solemn and slow,</p> + + <p class="i2">All bombazine, bag-wig and chain.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"'Then came the old tumbril-shaped city machine,</p> + + <p>With a Lord Mayor so fat that he made the coach + <i>lean</i>;</p> + + <p class="i2">Lord Waithman was scarcely a brighter man;</p> + + <p>The wits said the old groaning wagon of state,</p> + + <p>Which for ages had carried Lord Mayors of such weight,</p> + + <p class="i2">To-day would break down with a <i>lighter + man</i>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"'Then proud as a prince, at the head of the band</p> + + <p>Rode the city field-marshal, with truncheon in hand,</p> + + <p class="i2">Though his epaulettes lately are gone;</p> + + <p>But he's still fine enough to astonish the cits,</p> + + <p>And drive the economists out of their wits,</p> + + <p class="i2">From Lords Waithman and Wood, to Lord John.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"'But I now left the pageant—wits, worthies, and + all—</p> + + <p>And flew through the smoke to the roof of Guildhall,</p> + + <p class="i2">And perched on the grand chandelier;</p> + + <p>The dinner was stately, the tables were full—</p> + + <p>There sat, multiplied by three thousand, John Bull,</p> + + <p class="i2">Resolved to make all disappear.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"'And then came the speeches; Lord Hunter was + fine—</p> + + <p>Lord Wood, finer still—Lord Thompson, divine,</p> + + <p class="i2">The sheriffs were Ciceros a-piece;</p> + + <p>Lord Crowther was sick, though he managed to eat</p> + + <p>What, if races were feasts, would have won him the + plate;</p> + + <p class="i2">But he tossed off a bumper to Greece.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"'Then all was enchantment—all hubbub and + smiles—</p> + + <p>The wit of Old Jewry, the grace of St. Giles,</p> + + <p class="i2">The force of the Billingsgate tongue:</p> + + <p>Till the eloquent Lord Mayor demanding 'Who + malts?'—</p> + + <p>The understood sign for beginning the waltz—</p> + + <p class="i2">In a fright through the ceiling I sprung.'"</p> + </div> + </div> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2><i>Monthly Magazine</i>.</h2> + <hr /> + + <h3>AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A LANDAULET.</h3> + + <p>(<i>Concluded from page 302</i>.)</p> + + <p>It happened to be a dull time of year, and for some months my + wheels ceased to be rotatory: I got cold and damp; and the moths + found their way to my inside: one or two persons who came to + inspect me declined becoming purchasers, and peering closely at + my panels, said something about "old scratch." This hurt my + feelings, for if my former possessor was not quite so good as she + might have been, it was no fault of mine.</p> + + <p>At length, after a tedious inactivity, I was bought cheap by a + young physician, who having rashly left his provincial patients + to set up in London, took it into his head that nothing could be + done there by a medical man who did not go upon wheels; he + therefore hired a house in a good situation, and then set + <i>me</i> up, and bid my vendor put me down in his bill.</p> + + <p>It is quite astonishing how we flew about the streets and + squares, <i>acting great practice</i>; those who knew us by sight + must have thought we had a great deal to do, but we practised + nothing but locomotion. Some medical men thin the population, (so + says Slander,) my master thinned nothing but his <span class= + "pagenum"><a id="page351" name="page351"></a>[pg 351]</span> + horses. They were the only <i>good jobs</i> that came in his way, + and certainly he made the most of them. He was obliged to + <i>feed</i> them, but he was very rarely <i>feed</i> himself. It + so happened that nobody consulted us, and the unavoidable + consumption of the family infected my master's pocket, and his + little resources were in a rapid decline.</p> + + <p>Still he kept a good heart; indeed, in one respect, he + resembled a worm displayed in a bottle in a quack's shop + window—he was never out of spirits! He was deeply in debt, + and his name was on every body's books, always excepting the + memorandum-books of those who wanted physicians. Still I was + daily turned out, and though nobody called him in, he was to be + seen, sitting very forward, apparently looking over notes + supposed to have been taken after numerous critical cases and + eventful consultations. Our own case was hopeless, our progress + was arrested, an execution was in the house, servants met with + their deserts and were turned off, goods were seized, my master + was knocked up, and I was knocked down for one hundred and twenty + pounds.</p> + + <p>Again my beauties blushed for a while unseen; but I was new + painted, and, like some other painted personages, looked, at a + distance, almost as good as new. Fortunately for me, an elderly + country curate, just at this period, was presented with a living, + and the new incumbent thought it incumbent upon him to present + his fat lady and his thin daughter with a leathern convenience. + My life was now a rural one, and for ten long years nothing worth + recording happened to me. Slowly and surely did I creep along + green lanes, carried the respectable trio to snug, early, + neighbourly dinners, and was always under lock and key before + twelve o'clock. It must be owned I began to have rather an + old-fashioned look; my body was ridiculously small, and the + rector's thin daughter, the bodkin, or rather packing-needle of + the party, sat more forward, and on a smaller space than bodkins + do now-a-days. I was perched up three feet higher than more + modern vehicles, and my two lamps began to look like little dark + lanterns. But my obsoleteness rendered me only more suited to the + service in which I was enlisted. Honest Roger, the red-haired + coachman, would have looked like a clown in a pantomime, in front + of a fashionable equipage; and Simon the footboy, who slouched at + my back, would have been mistaken for an idle urchin + surreptitiously enjoying a ride. But on my unsophisticated dickey + and footboard no one could doubt but that Roger and Simon were in + their proper places. The rector died; of course he had nothing + more to do with the <i>living</i>, it passed into other hands; + and a clerical income being (alas, that it should be so!) no + inheritance, his relict suddenly plunged in widowhood and + poverty, had the aggravated misery of mourning for a deaf + husband, while she was conscious that the luxuries and almost the + necessaries of life were for ever snatched from herself and her + child.</p> + + <p>Again I found myself in London, but my beauty was gone, I had + lost the activity of youth, and when slowly I chanced to creak + through Long Acre, Houlditch, my very parent, who was standing at + his door sending forth a new-born Britska, glanced at me + scornfully, and knew me not! I passed on heavily—I thought + of former days of triumph, and there was madness in the thought I + became a <i>crazy</i> vehicle! straw was thrust into my inward + parts, I was numbered among the fallen,—yes, I was now a + hackney-chariot, and my number was one hundred!</p> + + <p>What tongue can tell the degradations I have endured! The + persons who familiarly have <i>called</i> me, the wretches who + have sat in me—never can this be told. Daily I take my + stand in the same vile street, and nightly am I driven to the + minor theatres—to oyster-shops—to desperation!</p> + + <p>One day, when empty and unoccupied, I was hailed by two + police-officers who were bearing between them a prisoner. It was + the seducer of my second ill-fated mistress; a first crime had + done its usual work, it had prepared the mind for a second, and a + worse: the seducer had done a deed of deeper guilt, and <i>I</i> + bore him one stage towards the gallows. Many months after, a + female called me at midnight: she was decked in tattered finery, + and what with fatigue and recent indulgence in strong liquors, + she was scarcely sensible, but she possessed dim traces of past + beauty. I can say nothing more of her, but that it was the + fugitive wife whom I had borne to Brighton so many years ago. No + words of mine could paint the living warning that I beheld. What + had been the sorrows of unmerited desertion and unkindness + supported by conscious rectitude, compared with the degraded + guilt, the hopeless anguish, that I then saw?</p> + + <p>I regret to say, I was last month nigh committing + manslaughter; I broke down in the Strand and dislocated the + shoulder <span class="pagenum"><a id="page352" name= + "page352"></a>[pg 352]</span> of a rich old maid. I cannot help + thinking that she deserved the visitation, for, as she stepped + into me in Oxford Street, she exclaimed, loud enough to be heard + by all neighbouring pedestrians, "Dear me! how dirty! I never was + in a hackney conveyance before!"—though I well remembered + having been favoured with her company very often. A medical + gentleman happened to be passing at the moment of our fall; it + was my old medical master. He set the shoulder, and so skilfully + did he manage his patient, that he is about to be married to the + rich invalid, who will shoulder him into prosperity at last.</p> + + <p>I last night was the bearer of a real party of pleasure to + Astley's:—a bride and bridegroom, with the mother of the + bride. It was the widow of the old rector, whose thin daughter + (by the by she is fattening fast) has had the luck to marry the + only son of a merchant well to do in the world.</p> + + <p>The voice suddenly ceased!—I awoke—the door was + opened, the steps let down—I paid the coachman double the + amount of his fare, and in future, whenever I stand in need of a + jarvey, I shall certainly make a point of calling for number One + Hundred.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + + <h2>THE GATHERER</h2> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles."</p> + + <p>SHAKSPEARE.</p> + </div> + </div> + <hr /> + + <h3>BELL.—THE CRY OF THE DEER SO CALLED.</h3> + + <p>I am glad of an opportunity to describe the cry of the deer by + another name than <i>braying</i>, although the latter has been + sanctioned by the use of the Scottish metrical translation of the + Psalms. Bell seems to be an abbreviation of the word + <i>bellow</i>. This sylvan sound conveyed great delight to our + ancestors chiefly, I suppose, from association. A gentle knight + in the reign of Henry VIII., Sir Thomas Wortley, built Wantley + Lodge, Warncliffe Forest, for the purpose, as the ancient + inscription testifies, of "Listening to the Harts' Bell."</p> + + <p>C.K.W.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>THE CURSE OF SCOTLAND.</h3> + + <p>The origin of the nine of diamonds being called the Curse of + Scotland is not generally known. It arose from the following + circumstance:—The night before the battle of Culloden, the + Duke of Cumberland thought proper to send orders to General + Campbell not to give quarter; and this order being despatched in + much haste, was written on a card. This card happened to be the + nine of diamonds, from which circumstance it got the appellation + above named.</p> + + <p>W.M.</p> + <hr /> + + <h3>POLITICAL PUNS.</h3> + + <p>Among the many expedients resorted to by the depressed party + in a state to indulge their sentiments safely, and probably at + the same time, according to situation, to sound those of their + companions, puns and other quibbles have been of notable service. + The following is worthy of notice:—The cavaliers during + Cromwell's usurpation, usually put a crumb of bread into a glass + of wine, and before they drank it, would exclaim with cautious + ambiguity, "God send this Crum well down!" A royalist divine + also, during the Protectorate, did not scruple to quibble in the + following prayer, which he was accustomed to deliver:—"O + Lord, who hast put a sword into the hand of thy servant, Oliver, + <i>put it into his heart</i> ALSO—to do according to thy + word." He would drop his voice at the word also, and, after a + significant pause, repeat the concluding sentence in an under + tone.</p> + + <p>W.M.</p> + + <center> + <i>Erratum</i> at page 306.—For <i>Hemiptetera</i> read + HEMIPTERA. + </center> + <hr /> + + <h3>ANNUALS FOR 1830.</h3> + + <p>With No. 398 was published a SUPPLEMENT, containing the first + portion of the SPIRIT OF THE ANNUALS, with a splendid Engraving + of the CITY OF VERONA, and Notices of the <i>Gem</i>, <i>Literary + Souvenir</i>, <i>Friendship's Offering</i>, and + <i>Amulet</i>.</p> + <hr /> + + <p>LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE<br /> + <i>Following Novels is already Published.</i></p> + <pre> + s. d. + Mackenzie's Man of Feeling 0 6 + Paul and Virginia 0 6 + The Castle of Otranto 0 6 + Almoran and Hamet 0 6 + Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia 0 6 + The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne 0 6 + Rasselas 0 8 + The Old English Baron 0 8 + Nature and Art 0 8 + Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield 0 10 + Sicilian Romance 1 0 + The Man of the World 1 0 + A Simple Story 1 4 + Joseph Andrews 1 6 + Humphry Clinker 1 8 + The Romance of the Forest 1 8 + The Italian 2 0 + Zeluco, by Dr Moore 2 6 + Edward, by Dr Moore 2 6 + Roderick Random 2 6 + The Mysteries of Udolpho 3 6 + Peregrine Pickle 4 6 +</pre> + <hr class="full" /> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a> <b>Footnote 1</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + + <p>See "Portuguese Prisons," MIRROR, vol. xii, p. 99.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a> <b>Footnote 2</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + + <p>A fact.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a> <b>Footnote 3</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + + <p>For the loan of which we thank our esteemed correspondent, + P.T.W.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a> <b>Footnote 4</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a> + + <p>It need hardly be explained that the above is a section, or + only one half of the dial.</p> + </blockquote> + + <blockquote class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote5" name="footnote5"></a> <b>Footnote 5</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a> + + <p>For a notice of the application of this cement to useful + purposes, see No. 396, page 283.—ED. MIRROR.</p> + </blockquote> + <hr class="full" /> + + <p><i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD 143, Strand, (near + Somerset House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New + Market, Leipsic; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers</i>.</p> +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11446 ***</div> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/11446-h/images/400-1.png b/11446-h/images/400-1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..bd81792 --- /dev/null +++ b/11446-h/images/400-1.png diff --git a/11446-h/images/400-2.png b/11446-h/images/400-2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..6acf660 --- /dev/null +++ b/11446-h/images/400-2.png |
