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diff --git a/11431-h/11431-h.htm b/11431-h/11431-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bee91cc --- /dev/null +++ b/11431-h/11431-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,28748 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content= + "text/html; charset=UTF-8"> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Revised American Edition Of The Reader's Handbook, by The Rev. E. Cobham Brewer, Ll.D.. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + <!-- + * { font-family: Times;} + P { text-indent: 1em; + margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; } + h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { text-align: center; } + HR { width: 33%; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em;} + BODY{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%;} + .linenum {position: absolute; top: auto; left: 4%;} /* poetry number */ + .note {margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 2em; margin-bottom: 1em;} /* block indent */ + .pagenum {position: absolute; left: 92%; right: 100%; font-size: 8pt; justify: right;} /* page numbers */ + // --> + </style> + </head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11431 ***</div> + +<br> +<h1> +<img border="0" src="images/C.jpg" width="191" height="347" align="left" hspace="1" alt="c.jpg"></h1> + +<h1> </h1> + +<h1>HARACTER SKETCHES OF</h1> + +<h1> ROMANCE, FICTION</h1> + +<h1>AND THE DRAMA</h1> + +<p> </p> + +<p> </p> + +<p> </p> + +<p> </p> + +<p> </p> + +<h1>A REVISED AMERICAN EDITION OF THE READER'S HANDBOOK</h1> + +<h3>BY</h3> + +<h2>THE REV. E. COBHAM BREWER, LL.D.</h2> + +<h3>EDITED BY MARION HARLAND</h3> + +<h3>VOLUME I</h3> + +<h4>NEW YORK — SELMAR HESS — PUBLISHER</h4> + +<h4> M D C C C X C I I </h4> + +<h4>Copyright, 1892, by SELMAR HESS</h4> + +<br> + +<p>LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.</p> +<br> + +<p>VOLUME I.</p> + +<p>PHOTOGRAVURES AND ETCHINGS.</p> + +<p><i>Illustration</i>..................<i>Artist</i></p> + +<p>ICHABOD CRANE (<i>colored</i>).......E.A. ABBEY</p> + +<p>CONSTANCE DE BEVERLEY................TOBY ROSENTHAL</p> + +<p>LADY BOUNTIFUL.......................ROB. W. MACBETH</p> + +<p>SYDNEY CARTON........................FREDERICK BARNARD</p> + +<p>BERNHARDT AS CLEOPATRA...............<i>From a Photograph from Life</i></p> + +<p>ABBÉ CONSTANTIN......................MADELEINE LEMAIRE</p> + +<p>CAPTAIN CUTTLE.......................FREDERICK BARNARD</p> + +<p>THE TRUSTY ECKART....................JULIUS ADAM</p> + +<p>ELAINE...............................TOBY ROSENTHAL</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;"> + +<p>WOOD ENGRAVINGS AND TYPOGRAVURES.</p> + +<p>ABELARD..............................A. GUILLEMINOT</p> + +<p>ÆNEAS RELATING HIS STORY TO DIDO....P. GUÉRIN</p> + +<p>ALBERICH'S PURSUIT OF THE NIBELUNGEN RING...HANS MAKART</p> + +<p>ALETHE, PRIESTESS OF ISIS............EDWIN LONG</p> + +<p>ALEXIS AND DORA......................W. VON KAULBACH</p> + +<p>ALICE, THE MILLER'S DAUGHTER.........DAVIDSON KNOWLES</p> + +<p>ANCIENT MARINER (THE)................GUSTAVE DORÉ</p> + +<p>ANDROMEDA............................</p> + +<p>ANGÉLIQUE AND MONSEIGNEUR DE HAUTECOEUR...JEANNIOT</p> + +<p>ANGUS AND DONALD.....................W.B. DAVIS</p> + +<p>ANTIGONE AND ISMENE..................EMIL TESCHENDORFF</p> + +<p>ANTONY AND THE DEAD CÆSAR...........</p> + +<p>ARCHIMEDES...........................NIC BARABINO</p> + +<p>ARGAN AND DOCTOR DIAFOIRUS...........A. SOLOMON</p> + +<p>ASHTON (LUCY) AND RAVENSWOOD.........SIR EVERETT MILLAIS</p> + +<p>ATALA (BURIAL OF)....................GUSTAVE COURTOIS</p> + +<p>AUGUSTA IN COURT.....................A. FORESTIER</p> + +<p>AUTOMEDON............................HENRI REGNAULT</p> + +<p>BALAUSTION...........................F.H. LUNGREN</p> + +<p>BALDERSTONE (CALEB) AND MYSIE.......GEORGE HAY</p> + +<p>BAREFOOT (LITTLE)....................F. VON THELEN-RÜDEN</p> + +<p>BARKIS IS WILLIN'....................C.J. STANILAND</p> + +<p>BAUDIN (THE DEATH OF)................J.-P. LAURENS</p> + +<p>BAYARD (THE CHEVALIER)...............LARIVIÈRE</p> + +<p>BEDREDEEN HASSAN (MARRIAGE OF) AND NOUREDEEN...F. CORMON</p> + +<p>BELLENDEN (LADY) AND MAUSE HEADRIGG..WM. DOUGLAS</p> + +<p>BENEDICK AND BEATRICE................HUGHES MERLE</p> + +<p>BIRCH (HARVEY), THE PEDDLER-SPY.....</p> + +<p>BLANCHELYS (QUEEN) AND THE PILGRIM...J. NOEL PATON</p> + +<p>BOABDIL-EL-CHICO'S FAREWELL TO GRENADA...E. CORBOULD</p> + +<p>BOADICEA.............................THOS. STOTHARD</p> + +<p>BONNICASTLE (ARTHUR) AND MILLIE BRADFORD...</p> + +<p>BOTTOM AND TITANIA...................SIR EDWIN LANDSEER</p> + +<p>BRABANT (GENEVIÈVE DE)...............ERNST BOSCH</p> + +<p>BRÄSIG, LINING AND MINING............CONRAD BECKMANN</p> + +<p>BROOKING'S (JOHN) STUDIO.............A. FORESTIER</p> + +<p>CÆSAR (THE DEATH OF).................J.L. GÉRÔME</p> + +<p>CANTERBURY PILGRIMS (THE)............THOS. STOTHARD; WM. BLAKE</p> + +<p>CAREW (FRANCIS) FINDING THE BODY OF DERRICK...HAL LUDLOW</p> + +<p>CARMEN...............................J. KOPPAY</p> + +<p>CATARINA.............................</p> + +<p>CHARLES IX. ON THE EVE OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW...P. GROTJOHANN</p> + +<p>CHARLOTTE CORDAY AND MARAT..........JULES AVIAT</p> + +<p>CHATTERTON'S HOLIDAY AFTERNOON.......W.B. MORRIS</p> + +<p>CHILDREN (THE) IN THE WOOD...........J. SANT</p> + +<p>CHILLON (THE PRISONER OF)............</p> + +<p>CHRISTIAN ENTERING THE VALLEY OF HUMILIATION...F.R. PICKERSGILL</p> + +<p>CINDERELLA AND THE FAIRY GOD-MOTHER..GUSTAVE DORÉ</p> + +<p>CIRCE AND HER SWINE..................BRITON RIVIÈRE</p> + +<p>CLARA (DONNA) AND ALMANZOR...........</p> + +<p>CLARA, JACQUES AND ARISTIDE..........ADRIEN MARIE</p> + +<p>CLAUDIO AND ISABELLA.................HOLMAN HUNT</p> + +<p>COLUMBUS AND HIS EGG.................LEO. REIFFENSTEIN</p> + +<p>CONSUELO.............................</p> + +<p>COSETTE..............................G. GUAY</p> + +<p>COSTIGAN (CAPTAIN)...................F. BARNARD</p> + +<p>COVERLEY (SIR ROGER DE) COMING FROM CHURCH...CHAS. R. LESLIE</p> + +<p>CYMON AND IPHIGENIA..................SIR FREDERICK LEIGHTON</p> + +<p>DAPHNIS AND CHLOE....................GÉRARD</p> + +<p>DARBY AND JOAN IN HIGH-LIFE..........C. DENDY SADLER</p> + +<p>D'ARTAGNAN...........................</p> + +<p>DEANS (EFFIE) AND HER SISTER IN THE PRISON...R. HERDMAN</p> + +<p>DERBLAY (MADAME) STOPS THE DUEL......EMILE BAYARD</p> + +<p>DIDO ON THE FUNERAL PYRE.............E. KELLER</p> + +<p>DOMBEY (PAUL AND FLORENCE)..........</p> + +<p>EGMONT AND CLÄRCHEN..................C. HUEBERLIN</p> + +<p>ELECTRA..............................E. TESCHENDORFF</p> + +<p>ELIZABETH AND MARY STUART............W. VON KAULBACH</p> + +<p>ELIZABETH, THE LANDGRAVINE...........THEODOR PIXIS</p> + +<p>ELLEN, THE LADY OF THE LAKE..........J. ADAMS-ACTON</p> + +<p>ELLIE (LITTLE).......................</p> + +<p>ERMINIA AND THE SHEPHERDS............DOMENICHINO</p> + +<p>ESMERALDA............................G. BRION</p> + +<p>ESTE (LEONORA D') AND TASSO..........W. VON KAULBACH</p> + +<p>EVANGELINE...........................EDWIN DOUGLAS</p> + +<p>EVE'S FAREWELL TO PARADISE...........E. WESTALL</p> + +<p> </p> + +<p> +<img border="0" src="images/border.jpg" width="633" height="93" alt="border.jpg"></p> + +<p> </p> + +<p>CHARACTER SKETCHES OF ROMANCE, FICTION, AND THE DRAMA.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/A.jpg" align="left" width="125" height="126" alt="a.jpg"></p> + +<p> </p> + +<p> </p> + +<p> <b>A'RON</b>, a Moor, beloved by Tam'ora, queen of the +Goths, in the tragedy of <i>Titus Andron'icus</i>, published among the plays +of Shakespeare (1593).</p> + +<p>(The classic name is <i>Andronicus</i>, but the character of this play is +purely fictitious.)</p> + +<p><i>Aaron (St.)</i>, a British martyr of the City of Legions (<i>Newport</i>, in +South Wales). He was torn limb from limb by order of Maximian'us +Hercu'lius, general in Britain, of the army of Diocle'tian. Two churches +were founded in the City of Legions, one in honor of St. Aaron and one +in honor of his fellow-martyr, St. Julius. Newport was called Caerleon +by the British.</p> + +... two others ... sealed their doctrine with<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">their blood;</span><br> +St. Julius, and with him St. Aaron, have their<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">room</span><br> +At Carleon, suffering death by Diocletian's doom.<br> +Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xxiv, (1622).<br> + +<p><b>Aaz'iz</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), so the queen of Sheba or Saba is sometimes +called; but in the Koran she is called Balkis (ch. xxvii.).</p> + +<p><b>Abad'don</b>, an angel of the bottomless pit (<i>Rev</i>. ix. 11). The word +is derived from the Hebrew, <i>abad</i>, "lost," and means <i>the lost one</i>. +There are two other angels introduced by Klopstock in <i>The Messiah</i> with +similar names, but must not be confounded with the angel referred to in +<i>Rev</i>.; one is Obaddon, the angel of death, and the other Abbad'ona, the +repentant devil.</p> + +<p><b>Ab'aris</b>, to whom Apollo gave a golden arrow, on which to ride +through the air.—See <i>Dictionary of Phrase and Fable</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Abbad'ona,</b> once the friend of Ab'diel, was drawn into the rebellion +of Satan half unwillingly. In hell he constantly bewailed his fall, and +reproved Satan for his pride and blasphemy. He openly declared to the +internals that he would take no part or lot in Satan's scheme for the +death of the Messiah, and during the crucifixion lingered about the +cross with repentance, hope, and fear. His ultimate fate we are not +told, but when Satan and Adramelech are driven back to hell, Obaddon, +the angel of death, says—</p> + +<p>"For thee, Abbadona, I have no orders. +How long thou art permitted to remain on +earth I know not, nor whether thou wilt be +allowed to see the resurrection of the Lord of +glory ... but be not deceived, thou canst not +view Him with the joy of the redeemed." "Yet +let me see Him, let me see him!"—Klopstock, +<i>The Messiah</i>, xiii.</p> + +<p><b>Abberville</b> (<i>Lord</i>), a young nobleman, 23 years of age, who has for +travelling tutor a Welshman of 65, called Dr. Druid, an antiquary, +wholly ignorant of his real duties as a guide of youth. The young man +runs wantonly wild, squanders his money, and gives loose to his passions +almost to the verge of ruin, but he is arrested and reclaimed by his +honest Scotch bailiff or financier, and the vigilance of his father's +executor, Mr. Mortimer. This "fashionable lover" promises marriage to a +vulgar, malicious city minx named Lucinda Bridgemore, but is saved from +this pitfall also.—Cumberland, <i>The Fashionable Lover</i> (1780).</p> + +<p><b>Abbot</b> (<i>The</i>), the complacent churchman in Aldrich's poem of <i>The +Jew's Gift</i>, who hanged a Jew "just for no crime," and pondered and +smiled and gave consent to the heretic's burial—</p> + +<p>"Since he gave his beard to the birds." (1881.)</p> + +<p><b>Abdal-azis,</b> the Moorish governor of Spain after the overthrow of +king Roderick. When the Moor assumed regal state and affected Gothic +sovereignty, his subjects were so offended that they revolted and +murdered him. He married Egilona, formerly the wife of Roderick.— +Southey, <i>Roderick, etc</i>., xxii. (1814).</p> + +<p><b>Ab'dalaz'iz</b> (<i>Omar ben</i>), a caliph raised to "Mahomet's bosom" in +reward of his great abstinence and self-denial.—<i>Herbelot</i>, 690.</p> + +<p>He was by no means scrupulous; nor did he think with the caliph Omar ben +Abdalaziz that it was necessary to make a hell of this world to enjoy +paradise in the next.—W. Beckford, <i>Vathek</i> (1786).</p> + +<p><b>Abdal'dar,</b> one of the magicians in the Domdaniel caverns, "under +the roots of the ocean." These spirits were destined to be destroyed by +one of the race of Hodei'rah (3 <i>syl</i>.), so they persecuted the race +even to death. Only one survived, named Thal'aba, and Abdaldar was +appointed by lot to find him out and kill him. He discovered the +stripling in an Arab's tent, and while in prayer was about to stab him +to the heart with a dagger, when the angel of death breathed on him, and +he fell dead with the dagger in his hand. Thalaba drew from the +magician's finger a ring which gave him command over the spirits. +—Southey, <i>Thalaba the Destroyer</i>, ii. iii. (1797).</p> + +<p><b>Abdalla</b>, one of sir Brian de Bois Guilbert's slaves.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><i>Abdal'lah</i>, brother and predecessor of Giaf'fer (2 <i>syl</i>.), pacha of +Aby'dos. He was murdered by the pacha.—Byron, <i>Bride of Abydos</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Abdallah el Hadgi</b>, Saladin's envoy.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Talisman</i> +(time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Abdals</b> or <i>Santons</i>, a class of religionists who pretend to be +inspired with the most ravishing raptures of divine love. Regarded with +great veneration by the vulgar.—<i>Olearius</i>, i. 971.</p> + +<p><b>Ab'diel</b>, the faithful seraph who withstood Satan when he urged +those under him to revolt.</p> + +... the seraph Abdiel, faithful found;<br> +Among the faithless faithful only he;<br> +Among innumerable false, unmoved.<br> +Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified,<br> +His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, v. 896, etc. (1665).</span><br> + +<p><b>Abelard</b> and <b>Eloise</b>, unhappy lovers, whose illicit love was +succeeded by years of penitence and remorse. Abelard was the tutor of +Heloise (or Eloise), and, although vowed to the church, won and returned +her passion. They were violently separated by her uncle. Abelard entered +a monastery and Eloise became a nun. Their love survived the passage of +years, and they were buried together at <i>Père la Chaise.—Eloise and +Abelard</i>. By Alexander Pope (1688-1744).</p> + +<p><b>Abensberg</b> (<i>Count</i>), the father of thirty-two children. When +Heinrich II. made his progress through Germany, and other courtiers +presented their offerings, the count brought forward his thirty-two +children, "as the most valuable offering he could make to his king and +country."</p> + +<p><b>Abes'sa</b>, the impersonation of abbeys and convents in Spenser's +<i>Faëry Queen</i>, i. 3. She is the paramour of Kirkrapine, who used to rob +churches and poor-boxes, and bring his plunder to Abessa, daughter of +Corceca (<i>Blindness of Heart</i>).</p> + +<p><b>Abigail</b>, typical name of a maid.—See Beaumont and Fletcher, Swift, +Fielding, and many modern writers.</p> + +<p><b>Abney</b>, called <i>Young Abney</i>, the friend of colonel Albert Lee, a +royalist.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i> (time, the Commonwealth).</p> + +<p><b>Abon Hassan</b>, a young merchant of Bag dad, and hero of the tale +called "The Sleeper Awakened," in the <i>Arabian Nights' Entertainments</i>. +While Abon Hassan is asleep he is conveyed to the palace of +Haroun-al-Raschid, and the attendants are ordered to do everything they +can to make him fancy himself the caliph. He subsequently becomes the +caliph's chief favorite.</p> + +<p>Shakespeare, in the induction of <i>Taming of the Shrew</i>, befouls +"Christopher Sly" in a similar way, but Sly thinks it was "nothing but a +dream."</p> + +<p>Philippe <i>le Bon</i>, duke of Burgundy, on his marriage with Eleonora, +tried the same trick.—Burton, <i>Anatomy of Melancholy</i>, ii. 2,4.</p> + +<p><b>Abou Ben Adhem</b>, "awakening one night from a deep dream of peace," +sees an angel writing the names of those who love the Lord. Ben Adhem's +name is registered as "one who loves his fellow-men." A second vision +shows his name at the head of the list.</p> + +<p><i>Abou Ben Adhem</i>. By Leigh Hunt (1784-1859).</p> + +<p><b>Abra</b>, the most beloved of Solomon's +concubines.<br> +Fruits their odor lost and meats their taste,<br> +If gentle Abra had not decked the feast;<br> +Dishonored did the sparkling goblet stand,<br> +Unless received from gentle Abra's hand; ...<br> +Nor could my soul approve the music's tone<br> +Till all was hushed, and Abra sang alone.<br> +M. Prior, <i>Solomon</i> (1664-1721).</p> + +<p><b>Ab'radas</b>, the great Macedonian pirate.</p> + +<p>Abradas, the great Macedonian pirate, thought every one had a letter of +mart that bare sayles in the ocean.—Greene, <i>Penelope's Web</i> (1601).</p> + +<p><b>Abroc'omas</b>, the lover of An'thia in the Greek romance of +<i>Ephesi'aca</i>, by Xenophon of Ephesus (not the historian).</p> + +<p><b>Ab'salom</b>, in Dryden's <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, is meant for the +duke of Monmouth, natural son of Charles II. <i>(David)</i>. Like Absalom, +the duke was handsome; like Absalom, he was beloved and rebellious; and +like Absalom, his rebellion ended in his death (1649-1685).</p> + +<p><b>Ab'solon,</b> a priggish parish clerk in Chaucer's <i>Canterbury Tales</i>. +His hair was curled, his shoes slashed, his hose red. He could let +blood, cut hair, and shave, could dance, and play either on the ribible +or the gittern. This gay spark paid his addresses to Mistress Alison, +the young wife of John, a rich but aged carpenter: but Alison herself +loved a poor scholar named Nicholas, a lodger in the house.—<i>The +Miller's Tale</i> (1388).</p> + +<p><b>Absolute</b> <i>(Sir Anthony)</i>, a testy but warm-hearted old gentleman, +who imagines that he possesses a most angelic temper, and when he +quarrels with his son, the captain, fancies it is the son who is out of +temper, and not himself. Smollett's "Matthew Bramble" evidently +suggested this character. William Dowton (1764-1851) was the best actor +of this part.</p> + +<p><i>Captain Absolute</i>, son of sir Anthony, in love with Lydia Languish, the +heiress, to whom he is known only as ensign Beverley. Bob Acres, his +neighbor, is his rival, and sends a challenge to the unknown ensign; but +when he finds that ensign Beverley is captain Absolute, he declines to +fight, and resigns all further claim to the lady's hand.—Sheridan, <i>The +Rivals</i> (1775).</p> + +<p><b>Absyrtus</b>, brother of Medea and companion of her flight from +Colchis. To elude or delay her pursuers, she cut him into pieces and +strewed the fragments in the road, that her father might be detained by +gathering up the remains of his son.</p> + +<p><i>Abu'dah</i>, in the drama called <i>The Siege of Damascus</i>, by John Hughes +(1720), is the next in command to Caled in the Arabian army set down +before Damascus. Though undoubtedly brave, he prefers peace to war; and +when, at the death of Caled, he succeeds to the chief command, he makes +peace with the Syrians on honorable terms.</p> + +<p><b>Abu'dah</b>, in the <i>Tales of the Genii</i>, by H. Ridley, is a wealthy +merchant of Bag dad, who goes in quest of the talisman of Oroma'nes, +which he is driven to seek by a little old hag, who haunts him every +night and makes his life wretched. He finds at last that the talisman +which is to free him of this hag [<i>conscience</i>] is to "fear God and keep +his commandments."</p> + +<p><b>Acade'mus</b>, an Attic hero, whose garden was selected by Plato for +the place of his lectures. Hence his disciples were called the "Academic +sect."</p> + +<p>The green retreats of Academus. Akenside, <i>Pleasures of Imagination</i>, i +(1721-1770).</p> + +<p><b>Acas'to</b> (<i>Lord</i>), father of Seri'no, Casta'lio, and Polydore; and +guardian of Monimia "the orphan." He lived to see the death of his sons +and his ward. Polydore ran on his brother's sword, Castalio stabbed +himself, and Monimia took poison.—Otway, <i>The Orphan</i> (1680).</p> + +<p><b>Aces'tes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.). In a trial of skill, +Acestes, the Sicilian, discharged his arrow +with such force that it took fire from the +friction of the air.—<i>The Æneid</i>, Bk. V.</p> + +Like Acestes' shaft of old,<br> +The swift thought kindles as it flies.<br> + +<p>Longfellow, <i>To a Child</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Achates</b> [<i>A-ka'-teze</i>], called by Virgil +"fidus Achates." The name has become a +synonym for a bosom friend, a crony, but +is generally used laughingly.—<i>The Æneid</i>.</p> + +He, like Achates, faithful to the tomb.<br> + +<p>Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, i. 159.</p> + +<p><b>Acher'ia,</b> the fox, went partnership with a bear in a bowl of: milk. +Before the bear arrived, the fox skimmed off the cream and drank the +milk; then, filling the bowl with mud, replaced the cream atop. Says the +fox, "Here is the bowl; one shall have the cream, and the other all the +rest: choose, friend, which you like." The bear told the fox to take the +cream, and thus bruin had only the mud.—<i>A Basque Tale</i>.</p> + +<p>A similar tale occurs in Campbell's <i>Popular Tales of the West +Highlands</i> (iii. 98), called "The Keg of Butter." The wolf chooses the +<i>bottom</i> when "oats" were the object of choice, and the <i>top</i> when +"potatoes" were the sowing.</p> + +<p>Rabelais tells the same tale about a farmer and the devil. Each was to +have on alternate years what grew <i>under</i> and <i>over</i> the soil. The +farmer sowed turnips and carrots when the <i>under</i>-soil produce came to +his lot, and barley or wheat when his turn was the <i>over</i>-soil produce.</p> + +<p><b>Achille Grandissime,</b> "A rather poor specimen of the Grandissime +type, deficient in stature, but not in stage manner."—<i>The +Grandissimes</i>, by George W. Cable (1880).</p> + +<p><b>Achil'les</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the hero of the allied Greek army in the +siege of Troy, and king of the Myr'midons.—See <i>Dictionary of Phrase +and Fable</i>.</p> + +<p><i>The English Achilles</i>, John Talbot, first earl of Shrewsbury +(1373-1453).</p> + +<p>The duke of Wellington is so called sometimes, and is represented by a +statue of Achilles of gigantic size in Hyde Park, London, close to +Apsley House (1769-1852).</p> + +<p><i>The Achilles of Germany</i>, Albert, elector of Brandenburg (1414-1486).</p> + +<p><i>Achilles of Rome</i>, Sicin'ius Denta'tus (put to death B.C. 450).</p> + +<p><b>Achit'ophel,</b> "Him who drew Achitophel," Dryden, author of the +famous political satire of <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>. "David" is Charles +II.; his rebellious son "Absalom" is the king's natural son, the +handsome but rebellious James duke of Monmouth; and "Achitophel," the +traitorous counsellor, is the earl of Shaftesbury, "for close designs +and crooked counsels fit."</p> + +Can sneer at him who drew Achitophel.<br> + +<span style="margin-left: 7.5em;">Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, iii. 100.</span><br> + +<p>There is a portrait of the first earl of Shaftesbury (Dryden's +"Achitophel") as lord chancellor of England, clad in ash-colored robes, +because he had never been called to the bar.—E. Yates, <i>Celebrities</i>, +xviii.</p> + +<p><b>A'cis</b>, a Sicilian shepherd, loved by the +nymph Galate'a. The monster Polypheme +(3 <i>syl</i>.), a Cyclops, was his rival, and +crushed him under a huge rock. The +blood of Acis was changed into a river +of the same name at the foot of mount +Etna.</p> + +<p>Not such a pipe, good reader, as that which +Acis did sweetly tune in praise of his Galatea, +but one of true Delft manufacture.—W. Irving +(1783-1859).</p> + +<p><b>Ack'land</b> (<i>Sir Thomas</i>), a royalist.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i> (time, the Commonwealth).</p> + +<p><b>Ac'oe</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), "hearing," in the New Testament sense (<i>Rom</i>. x. +17), "Faith cometh by hearing." The nurse of Fido [<i>faith</i>]. Her +daughter is Meditation. (Greek,, "hearing.")</p> + +With him [<i>Faith</i>] his nurse went, careful Acoë,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Whose hands first from his mother's womb</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">did take him,</span><br> +And ever since have fostered tenderly.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Phin. Fletcher, <i>The Purple Island</i>, ix. (1633).</span><br> + +<p><b>Acras'ia</b>, Intemperance personified. Spenser says she is an +enchantress living in the "Bower of Bliss," in "Wandering Island." She +had the power of transforming her lovers into monstrous shapes; but sir +Guyon (<i>temperance</i>), having caught her in a net and bound her, broke +down her bower and burnt it to ashes.—<i>Faëry Queen</i>, ii. 12 (1590).</p> + +<p><b>Acra'tes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), Incontinence personified in <i>The Purple +Island</i>, by Phineas Fletcher. He had two sons (twins) by Caro, viz., +Methos (<i>drunkenness</i>) and Gluttony, both fully described in canto vii. +(Greek, <i>akrates</i>, "incontinent.")</p> + +<p><i>Acra'tes</i> (3 <i>syl</i>.), Incontinence personified in <i>The Faëry Queen</i>, by +Spenser. He is the father of Cymoch'lês and Pyroch'lês.—Bk. ii. 4 +(1590).</p> + +<p><b>Acres</b> (<i>Bob</i>), a country gentleman, the rival of ensign Beverley, +<i>alias</i> captain Absolute, for the hand and heart of Lydia Languish, the +heiress. He tries to ape the man of fashion, gets himself up as a loud +swell, and uses "sentimental oaths," <i>i.e</i>. oaths bearing on the +subject. Thus if duels are spoken of he says, <i>ods triggers and flints</i>; +if clothes, <i>ods frogs and tambours</i>; if music, <i>ods minnums</i> [minims] +<i>and crotchets</i>; if ladies, <i>ods blushes and blooms</i>. This he learnt +from a militia officer, who told him the ancients swore by Jove, +Bacchus, Mars, Venus, Minerva, etc., according to the sentiment. Bob +Acres is a great blusterer, and talks big of his daring, but when put to +the push "his courage always oozed out of his fingers' ends." J. Quick +was the original Bob Acres.—Sheridan, <i>The Rivals</i> (1775).</p> + +As thro' his palms <i>Bob Acres</i>' valor oozed,<br> +So Juan's virtue ebbed, I know not how.<br> + +<p>Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>.</p> + +<p>Joseph Jefferson's impersonation of Bob Acres is inimitable for fidelity +to the spirit of the original, and informed throughout with exquisite +humor that never degenerates into coarseness.</p> + +<p><b>Acris'ius</b>, father of Dan'aê. An oracle declared that Danaê would +give birth to a son who would kill him, so Acrisius kept his daughter +shut up in an apartment under ground, or (as some say) in a brazen +tower. Here she became the mother of Per'seus (2 <i>syl</i>.), by Jupiter in +the form of a shower of gold. The king of Argos now ordered his daughter +and her infant to be put into a chest, and cast adrift on the sea, but +they were rescued by Dictys, a fisherman. When grown to manhood, Perseus +accidentally struck the foot of Acrisius with a quoit, and the blow +caused his death. This tale is told by Mr. Morris in <i>The Earthly +Paradise</i> (April).</p> + +<p><b>Actae'on</b>, a hunter, changed by Diana into a stag. A synonym for a +cuckold.</p> + +Divulge Page himself for a secure and wilful<br> +Actæon [cuckold].<br> + +<p>Shakespeare, <i>Merry Wives</i>, etc., act iii. sc. 2 +(1596).</p> + +<p><b>Acte'a,</b> a female slave faithful to Nero +in his fall. It was this hetæra who wrapped +the dead body in cerements, and saw it decently +interred.</p> + +This Actea was beautiful. She was seated on<br> +the ground; the head of Nero was on her lap,<br> +his naked body was stretched on those winding-sheets<br> +in which she was about to fold him, to lay<br> +him in his grave upon the garden hill.—Ouida,<br> +<i>Ariadnê</i>, i. 7.<br> + +<p><b>Actors and Actresses.</b> The last male +actor that took a woman's character on the +stage was Edward Kynaston, noted for his +beauty (1619-1687). The first female actor +for hire was Mrs. Saunderson, afterwards +Mrs. Betterton, who died in 1712.</p> + +<p><b>Ad, Ad'ites</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.). Ad is a tribe descended from Ad, son of Uz, +son of Irem, son of Shem, son of Noah. The tribe, at the Confusion of +Babel, went and settled on Al-Ahkâf [<i>the Winding Sands</i>], in the +province of Hadramant. Shedâd was their first king, but in consequence +of his pride, both he and all the tribe perished, either from drought or +the Sarsar (<i>an icy wind</i>).—Sale's <i>Koran</i>, 1.</p> + +Woe, woe, to Irem! Woe to Ad!<br> +Death, has gone up into her palaces!....<br> +They fell around me. Thousands fell around.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The king and all his people fell;</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">All, all, they perished all.</span><br> +<br> +Southey, <i>Thalaba the Destroyer</i>, i. 41, 45 (1797).<br> + +<p><b>A'dah</b>, wife of Cain. After Cain had been conducted by Lucifer +through the realms of space, he is restored to the home of his wife and +child, where all is beauty, gentleness, and love. Full of faith and +fervent in gratitude, Adah loves her infant with a sublime maternal +affection. She sees him sleeping, and says to Cain—</p> + +How lovely he appears! His little cheeks<br> +In their pure incarnation, vying with<br> +The rose leaves strewn beneath them.<br> +And his lips, too,<br> +How beautifully parted! No; you shall not<br> +Kiss him; at least not now. He will awake soon—<br> +His hour of midday rest is nearly over.<br> +<br> +Byron, <i>Cain</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Adam.</b> In <i>Greek</i> this word is compounded of the four initial +letters of the cardinal quarters:</p> + +Arktos, [Greek: <i>arktos</i>]. north.<br> +Dusis, [Greek: <i>dusis</i>]. west.<br> +Anatolê, [Greek: <i>anatolae</i>]. east.<br> +Mesembria, [Greek: <i>mesaembria</i>]. south.<br> + +<p>The <i>Hebrew</i> word ADM forms the anagram of <b>A</b> [dam], <b>D</b> [avid], +<b>M</b> [essiah].</p> + +<p><i>Adam, how made</i>. God created the body of Adam of <i>Salzal</i>, <i>i.e.</i> dry, +unbaked clay, and left it forty nights without a soul. The clay was +collected by Azrael from the four quarters of the earth, and God, to +show His approval of Azrael's choice, constituted him the angel of +death.—Rabadan.</p> + +<p><i>Adam, Eve, and the Serpent</i>. After the fall <i>Adam</i> was placed on mount +Vassem in the east; <i>Eve</i> was banished to Djidda (now Gedda, on the +Arabian coast); and the <i>Serpent</i> was exiled to the coast of Eblehh.</p> + +<p>After the lapse of 100 years Adam rejoined Eve on mount Arafaith [<i>place +of Remembrance</i>], near Mecca.—D'Ohsson.</p> + +<p><i>Death of Adam</i>. Adam died on Friday, April 7, at the age of 930 years. +Michael swathed his body, and Gabriel discharged the funeral rites. The +body was buried at Ghar'ul-Kenz [<i>the grotto of treasure</i>], which +overlooks Mecca.</p> + +<p>His descendants at death amounted to 40,000 souls.—D'Ohsson.</p> + +<p>When Noah, entered the ark (the same writer says) he took the body of +Adam in a coffin with him, and when he left the ark restored it to the +place he had taken it from.</p> + +<p><i>Adam</i>, a bailiff, a jailer.</p> + +<p>Not that Adam that kept the paradise, but that Adam that keeps the +prison.—Shakespeare, <i>Comedy of Errors</i>, act iv. sc. 3 (1593).</p> + +<p><i>Adam</i>, a faithful retainer in the family of sir Eowland de Boys. At the +age of fourscore, he voluntarily accompanied his young master Orlando +into exile, and offered to give him his little savings. He has given +birth to the phrase, "A Faithful Adam" [<i>or man-servant</i>].—Shakespeare, +<i>As You Like It</i> (1598).</p> + +<p><b>Adam Bell</b>, a northern outlaw, noted for his archery. The name, like +those of Clym of the Clough, William of Cloudesly, Robin Hood, and +Little John, is synonymous with a good archer.</p> + +<p><b>Adamastor</b>, the Spirit of the Cape, a hideous phantom, of unearthly +pallor; "erect his hair uprose of withered red, his lips were black, his +teeth blue and disjointed, his beard haggard, his face scarred by +lightning, his eyes shot livid fire, his voice roared." The sailors +trembled at sight of him, and the fiend demanded how they dared to +trespass "where never hero braved his rage before?" He then told them +"that every year the shipwrecked should be made to deplore their +foolhardiness."—Camöens, <i>The Lusiad</i>, v. (1569).</p> + +<p><b>Adam'ida,</b> a planet on which reside the unborn spirits of saints, +martyrs, and believers. U'riel, the angel of the sun, was ordered at the +crucifixion to interpose this planet between the sun and the earth, so +as to produce a total eclipse.</p> + +<p>Adamida, in obedience to the divine command, flew amidst overwhelming +storms, rushing clouds, falling mountains, and swelling seas. Uriel +stood on the pole of the star, but so lost in deep contemplation on +Golgotha, that he heard not the wild uproar. On coming to the region of +the sun, Adamida slackened her course, and advancing before the sun, +covered its face and intercepted all its rays.—Klopstock, <i>The +Messiah</i>, viii. (1771).</p> + +<p><b>Adams</b> <i>(John)</i>, one of the mutineers of the <i>Bounty</i> (1790), who +settled in Tahiti. In 1814 he was discovered as the patriarch of a +colony, brought up with a high sense of religion and strict regard to +morals. In 1839 the colony was voluntarily placed under the protection +of the British Government.</p> + +<p><i>Adams (Parson)</i>, the beau-ideal of a simple-minded, benevolent, but +eccentric country clergyman, of unswerving integrity, solid learning, +and genuine piety; bold as a lion in the cause of truth, but modest as a +girl in all personal matters; wholly ignorant of the world, being +"<i>in</i> it but not <i>of</i> of it."—Fielding, <i>Joseph Andrews</i> (1742).</p> + +<p>His learning, his simplicity, his evangelical purity of mind are so +admirably mingled with pedantry, absence of mind, and the habit of +athletic ... exercise ... that he may be safely termed one of the +richest productions of the muse of fiction. Like Don Quixote, parson +Adams is beaten a little too much and too often, but the cudgel lights +upon his shoulders ... without the slightest stain to his +reputation.—Sir W. Scott.</p> + +<p><b>Ad'dison of the North,</b> Henry Mackenzie, author of <i>The Man of +Feeling</i> (1745-1831).</p> + +<p><b>Adelaide,</b> daughter of the count of Narbonne, in love with Theodore. +She is killed by her father in mistake for another.—Robt. Jephson, +<i>Count of Narbonne</i> (1782).</p> + +<p><b>Adelaide Fisher,</b> daughter-in-law of Grandpa and Grandma Fisher in +Sallie Pratt McLean Greene's <i>Cape Cod Folks</i>. She has a sweet voice and +an edged temper, and it would seem from certain cynical remarks of her +own, and Grandma's "Thar, daughter, I wouldn't mind!" has a history she +does not care to reveal (1881).</p> + +<p><b>Adelaide Yates,</b> the wife of Steve Yates and mother of Little Moses +in Charles Egbert Craddock's <i>In the "Stranger People's" Country</i>. Her +husband has been seized and detained by the "moonshiners" in the +mountains, and the impression is that he has wilfully deserted her. She +cannot discredit it, but "She's goin' ter stay thar in her cabin an' +wait fur him," said Mrs. Pettengill. "Sorter seems de-stressin', I do +declar'. A purty, young, good, r'ligious 'oman a-settin' herself ter +spen' a empty life a-waitin' fur Steve Yates ter kum back!" (1890.)</p> + +<p><b>Adeline</b> <i>(Lady)</i>, the wife of lord Henry Amun'deville (4 <i>syl</i>.), a +highly educated aristocratic lady, with all the virtues and weaknesses +of the upper ten. After the parliamentary sessions this noble pair +filled their house with guests, amongst which were the duchess of +Fitz-Fulke, the duke of D----, Aurora Raby, and don Juan, "the Russian +envoy." The tale not being finished, no key to these names is given. +(For the lady's character, see xiv. 54-56.)—Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, xiii. +to the end.</p> + +<p><b>Ad'emar</b> or <b>Adema'ro,</b> archbishop of Poggio, an ecclesiastical +warrior in Tasso's <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>.—See <i>Dictionary of Phrase and +Fable</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Adic'ia,</b> wife of the soldan, who incites him to distress the +kingdom of Mercilla. When Mercilla sends her ambassador, Samient, to +negotiate peace, Adicia, in violation of international law, thrusts her +Samient out of doors like a dog, and sets two knights upon her. Sir +Artegal comes to her rescue, attacks the two knights, and knocks one of +them from his saddle with such force that he breaks his neck. After the +discomfiture of the soldan, Adicia rushes forth with a knife to stab +Samient, but, being intercepted by sir Artegal, is changed into a +tigress.—Spenser, <i>Faery Queen</i>, v. 8 (1596).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> The "soldan" is king Philip II. of Spain; "Mercilla" is +queen Elizabeth; "Adicia" is Injustice personified, or the bigotry of +popery; and "Samient" the ambassadors of Holland, who went to Philip for +redress of grievances, and were most iniquitously detained by him as +prisoners.</p> + +<p><b>Ad'icus,</b> Unrighteousness personified in canto vii. of <i>The Purple +Island</i> (1633), by Phineas Fletcher. He has eight sons and daughters, +viz., Ec'thros <i>(hatred)</i>, Eris <i>(variance)</i>, a daughter, Zelos +<i>(emulation)</i>, Thumos <i>(wrath)</i>, Erith'ius <i>(strife)</i>, Dichos'tasis +<i>(sedition)</i>, Envy, and Phon'os <i>(murder)</i>; all fully described by the +poet. (Greek, <i>adikos</i>, "an unjust man.")</p> + +<p><b>Adie of Aikenshaw</b>, a neighbor of the Glendinnings.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>The Monastery</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><b>Adme'tus,</b> a king of Thessaly, husband of Alcestis. Apollo, being +condemned by Jupiter to serve a mortal for twelve months for slaying a +Cyclops, entered the service of Admetus. James R. Lowell has a poem on +the subject, called <i>The Shepherd of King Admetus</i> (1819-1891).</p> + +<p><b>Ad'mirable</b> <i>(The)</i>: (1) Aben-Ezra, a Spanish rabbin, born at +Tole'do (1119-1174). (2) James Crichton <i>(Kry-ton)</i>, the Scotchman +(1551-1573). (3) Roger Bacon, called "The Admirable Doctor" (1214-1292).</p> + +<p><b>Adolf</b>, bishop of Cologne, was devoured by mice or rats in 1112. +(See HATTO.)</p> + +<p><b>Ad'ona,</b> a seraph, the tutelar spirit of James, the "first martyr of +the twelve."—Klopstock, <i>The Messiah</i>, iii. (1748).</p> + +<p><b>Adonai</b>, the mysterious spirit of pure mind, love, and beauty that +inspires <i>Zanoni</i>, in Bulwer's novel of that name.</p> + +<p><b>Adonais</b>, title of Percy Bysshe Shelley's elegy upon John Keats, +written in 1821.</p> + +<p><b>A'donbec el Hakim</b>, the physician, a disguise assumed by Saladin, +who visits sir Kenneth's sick squire, and cures him of a fever.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>The Talisman</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Ado'nis</b>, a beautiful youth, beloved by Venus and Proser'pina, who +quarrelled about the possession of him. Jupiter, to settle the dispute, +decided that the boy should spend six months with Venus in the upper +world and six with Proserpina in the lower. Adonis was gored to death by +a wild boar in a hunt.</p> + +<p>Shakespeare has a poem called <i>Venus and Adonis</i>. Shelley calls his +elegy on the poet Keats <i>Adona'is</i>, under the idea that the untimely +death of Keats resembled that of Adonis.</p> + +<p>(<i>Adonis</i> is an allegory of the sun, which is six months north of the +horizon, and six months south. Thammuz is the same as Adonis, and so is +Osiris).</p> + +<p><b>Adoniram Penn</b>, the obstinate and well-to-do farmer in Mary E. +Wilkins's <i>Revolt of "Mother</i>". He persists in building a new barn which +the cattle do not need instead of the much-needed dwelling for his +family. In his absence, "Mother," who was wont to "stand before her +husband in the humble fashion of a Scripture woman," moves household and +furniture into the commodious barn.</p> + +<p>"Adoniram was like a fortress whose walls had no active resistance, and +went down the instant the right besieging tools were used" (1890).</p> + +<p><b>Ad'oram,</b> a seraph, who had charge of James the son of +Alphe'us.—Klopstock, <i>The Messiah</i>, iii. (1748).</p> + +<p><b>Adosinda</b>, daughter of the Gothic governor of Auria, in Spain. The +Moors having slaughtered her parents, husband, and child, preserved her +alive for the captain of Alcahman's regiment. She went to his tent +without the least resistance, but implored the captain to give her one +night to mourn the death of those so near and dear to her. To this he +complied, but during sleep she murdered him with his own scymitar. +Roderick, disguised as a monk, helped her to bury the dead bodies of her +house, and then she vowed to live for only one object, vengeance. In the +great battle, when the Moors were overthrown, she it was who gave the +word of attack, "Victory and Vengeance!"—Southey, <i>Roderick, etc.</i>, +iii. (1814).</p> + +<p><b>Adram'elech</b> <i>(ch=k)</i>, one of the fallen angels. Milton makes him +overthrown by U'riel and Raphael (<i>Paradise Lost</i>, vi. 365). According +to Scripture, he was one of the idols of Sepharvaim, and Shalmane'ser +introduced his worship into Samaria. [The word means "the mighty +magnificent king."]</p> + +<p>The Sepharvites burnt their children in the fire to Adramelech.—2 +<i>Kings</i> xvii. 31.</p> + +<p>Klopstock introduces him into <i>The Messiah</i>, and represents him as +surpassing Satan in malice and guile, ambition and mischief. He is made +to hate every one, even Satan, of whose rank he is jealous, and whom he +hoped to overthrow, that by putting an end to his servitude he might +become the supreme god of all the created worlds. At the crucifixion he +and Satan are both driven back to hell by Obad'don, the angel of death.</p> + +<p><b>Adraste'</b> (<i>2 syl</i>.), a French gentleman, who inveigles a Greek +slave named Isidore from don Pèdre. His plan is this: He gets introduced +as a portrait-painter, and thus imparts to Isidore his love, and obtains +her consent to elope with him. He then sends his slave Zaïde (<i>2 syl</i>.) +to don Pèdre, to crave protection for ill treatment, and Pèdre promises +to befriend her. At this moment Adraste appears, and demands that Zaïde +be given up to him to punish as he thinks proper. Pèdre intercedes; +Adraste seems to relent; and Pèdre calls for Zaïde. Out comes Isidore +instead, with Zaïde's veil. "There," says Pèdre, "take her and use her +well." "I will do so," says the Frenchman, and leads off the Greek +slave.—Molière, <i>Le Sicilien, ou L'Amour Peintre</i> (1667).</p> + +<p><b>Adrian'a,</b> a wealthy Ephesian lady, who marries Antiph'olus, +twin-brother of Antipholus of Syracuse. The abbess Aemilia is her +mother-in-law, but she knows it not; and one day when she accuses her +husband of infidelity, she says to the abbess, if he is unfaithful it is +not from want of remonstrance, "for it is the one subject of our +conversation. In bed I will not let him sleep for speaking of it; at +table I will not let him eat for speaking of it; when alone with him I +talk of nothing else, and in company I give him frequent hints of it. In +a word, all my talk is how vile and bad it is in him to love another +better than he loves his wife" (act v. sc. 1).—Shakespeare, <i>Comedy of +Errors</i> (1593).</p> + +<p><b>Adria'no de Arma'do</b> <i>(Don)</i>, a pompous, fantastical Spaniard, a +military braggart in a state of peace, as Parolles (3 <i>syl</i>.) was in +war. Boastful but poor; a coiner of words, but very ignorant; solemnly +grave, but ridiculously awkward; majestical in gait, but of very low +propensities.—Shakespeare, <i>Love's Labour Lost</i> (1594).</p> + +<p>(Said to be designed for John Florio, surnamed "The Resolute," a +philologist. Holofernes, the pedantic schoolmaster, in the same play, is +also meant in ridicule of the same lexicographer.)</p> + +You may remember, scarce five years are past<br> +Since in your brigantine you sailed to see<br> +The Adriatic wedded to our duke.<br> + +<p>T. Otway, <i>Venice Preserved</i>, i. 1 (1682).</p> + +<p><b>Ad'riel,</b> in Dryden's <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, the earl of +Mulgrave, a royalist.</p> + +Sharp-judging Adriel, the Muses' friend;<br> +Himself a muse. In sanhedrim's debate<br> +True to his prince, but not a slave to state;<br> +Whom David's love with honours did adorn,<br> +That from his disobedient son were torn.<br> + +<p>Part i.</p> + +<p>(John Sheffield, earl of Mulgrave (1649-1721) wrote an <i>Essay on +Poetry</i>.)</p> + +<p><b>Adrienne Lecouvreur</b>, French actress, said to have been poisoned by +flowers sent to her by a rival. Died in 1730.</p> + +<p><b>AE'acus,</b> king of Oeno'pia, a man of such integrity and piety, that +he was made at death one of the three judges of hell. The other two were +Minos and Rhadaman'thus.</p> + +<p><b>Aege'on</b> a huge monster with 100 arms and 50 heads, who with his +brothers, Cottus and Gygês, conquered the Titans by hurling at them 300 +rocks at once. Homer says <i>men</i> call him "Aege'on," but by the <i>gods</i> he +is called Bri'areus (3 <i>syl</i>.).</p> + +Briáreos or Typhon, whom the den<br> +By ancient Tarsus held.<br> + +<p>—Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, I. 199.</p> + +<p><i>Aege'on</i>, a merchant of Syracuse, in Shakespeare's <i>Comedy of Errors</i> +(1593).</p> + +<p><b>Aemylia</b>, a lady of high degree, in love with Am'yas, a squire of +inferior rank. Going to meet her lover at a trysting-place, she was +caught up by a hideous monster, and thrust into his den for future food. +Belphoebê (3 <i>syl</i>.) slew "the caitiff" and released the maid (canto +vii.). Prince Arthur, having slain Corflambo, released Amyas from the +durance of Paea'na, Corflambo's daughter, and brought the lovers +together "in peace and joyous blis" (canto ix.).—Spencer, <i>Faëry +Queen</i>, iv. (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Aemil'ia,</b> wife of Aege'on the Syracusian merchant, and mother of +the twins called Antiph'olus. When the boys were shipwrecked, she was +parted from them and taken to Ephesus. Here she entered a convent, and +rose to be the abbess. Without her knowing it, one of her twins also +settled in Ephesus, and rose to be one of its greatest and richest +citizens. The other son and her husband Ægeon both set foot in Ephesus +the same day without the knowledge of each other, and all met together +in the duke's court, when the story of their lives was told, and they +became again united to each other.—Shakespeare, <i>Comedy of Errors</i> +(1593).</p> + +<p><b>Aene'as,</b> a Trojan prince, the hero of Virgil's epic called +<i>Aeneid.</i> He was the son of Anchi'ses and Venus. His first wife was +Creu'sa (3 <i>syl</i>.), by whom he had a son named Asca'nius; his second +wife was Lavinia, daughter of Latinus king of Italy, by whom he had a +posthumous son called Aene'as Sylvius. He succeeded his father-in-law in +the kingdom, and the Romans called him their founder.</p> + +<p>According to Geoffrey of Monmouth "Brutus," the first king of Britain +(from whom the island was called <i>Britain</i>), was a descendant of Æneas.</p> + +<p><b>Aene'id</b>, the epic poem of Virgil, in twelve books. When Troy was +taken by the Greeks and set on fire, Aene'as, with his father, son, and +wife, took flight, with the intention of going to Italy, the original +birthplace of the family. The wife was lost, and the old father died on +the way; but after numerous perils by sea and land, Æneas and his son +Asca'nius reached Italy. Here Latïnus, the reigning king, received the +exiles hospitably, and promised his daughter Lavin'ia in marriage to +Æneas; but she had been already betrothed by her mother to prince +Turnus, son of Daunus, king of Ru'tuli, and Turnus would not forego his +claim. Latinus, in this dilemma, said the rivals must settle the dispute +by an appeal to arms. Turnus being slain, Æneas married Lavinia, and +ere long succeeded his father-in-law on the throne.</p> + +<p>Book I. The escape from Troy; Æneas and his son, driven by a tempest on +the shores of Carthage, are hospitably entertained by queen Dido.</p> + +<p>II. Æneas tells Dido the tale of the wooden horse, the burning of Troy, +and his flight with his father, wife, and son. The wife was lost and +died.</p> + +<p>III. The narrative continued. The perils he met with on the way, and the +death of his father.</p> + +<p>IV. Dido falls in love with Æneas; but he steals away from Carthage, +and Dido, on a funeral pyre, puts an end to her life.</p> + +<p>V. Æneas reaches Sicily, and celebrates there the games in honor of +Anchises. This book corresponds to the <i>Iliad</i>, xxiii.</p> + +<p>VI. Æneas visits the infernal regions. This book corresponds to +<i>Odyssey</i>, xi.</p> + +<p>VII. Latinus king of Italy entertains Æneas, and promises to him +Lavinia (his daughter) in marriage, but prince Turnus had been already +betrothed to her by the mother, and raises an army to resist Æneas.</p> + +<p>VIII. Preparations on both sides for a general war.</p> + +<p>IX. Turnus, during the absence of Æneas, fires the ships and assaults +the camp. The episode of Nisus and Eury'alus.</p> + +<p>X. The war between Turnus and Æneas. Episode of Mezentius and Lausus.</p> + +<p>XI. The battle continued.</p> + +<p>XII. Turnus challenges Æneas to single combat, and is killed.</p> + +<p>N.B.—1. The story of Sinon and taking of Troy is borrowed from +Pisander, as Macrobius informs us.</p> + +<p>2. The loves of Dido and Æneas are copied from those of Medea and +Jason, in Apollonius.</p> + +<p>3. The story of the wooden horse and the burning of Troy are from +Arcti'nus of Miletus.</p> + +<p><b>Ae'olus,</b> god of the winds, which he keeps imprisoned in a cave in +the Æolian Islands, and lets free as he wishes or as the over-gods +command.</p> + +Was I for this nigh wrecked upon the sea,<br> +And twice by awkward wind from England's bank<br> +Drove back again unto my native clime?...<br> +Yet Aeolus would not be a murderer,<br> +But left that hateful office unto thee.<br> +<br> +Shakespeare, 2 <i>Henry VI</i>. act v, sc. 2 (1591).<br> + +<p><b>Aescula'pius,</b> in Greek, <b>Askle'pios,</b> the god of healing.</p> + +What says my Æsculapius? my Galen?...<br> +Ha! is he dead?<br> +<br> +Shakespeare, <i>Merry Wives of Windsor</i>, act ii.<br> +sc. 3 (1601).<br> + +<p><b>Ae'son,</b> the father of Jason. He was restored to youth by Medea, who +infused into his veins the juice of certain herbs.</p> + +In such a night,<br> +Medea gather'd the enchanted herbs<br> +That did renew old Aeson.<br> +Shakespeare, <i>Merchant of Venice</i>, act v. sc. I<br> +(before 1598).<br> + +<p><b>Æsop,</b> the fabulist, said to be humpbacked; hence, "an Æsop" means +a humpbacked man. The young son of Henry VI. calls his uncle Richard of +Gloster "Æsop."—3 <i>Henry VI</i>. act v. sc. 5.</p> + +<p><i>Aesop of Arabia</i>, Lokman; and Nasser (fifth century).</p> + +<p><i>Aesop of England</i>, John Gay (1688-1732).</p> + +<p><i>Aesop of France</i>, Jean de la Fontaine (1621-1695).</p> + +<p><i>Aesop of Germany</i>, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729-1781).</p> + +<p><i>Aesop of India</i>, Bidpay or Pilpay (third century B.C.).</p> + +<p><b>Afer</b>, the south-west wind; Notus, the full south.</p> + +<p>Notus and Afer, black with thundrous clouds. Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, x. +702 (1665).</p> + +<p><b>African Magician</b> (<i>The</i>), pretended to Aladdin to be his uncle, and +sent the lad to fetch the "wonderful lamp" from an underground cavern. +As Aladdin refused to hand it to the magician, he shut him in the cavern +and left him there. Aladdin contrived to get out by virtue of a magic +ring, and learning the secret of the lamp, became immensely rich, built +a superb palace, and married the sultan's daughter. Several years after, +the African resolved to make himself master of the lamp, and accordingly +walked up and down before the palace, crying incessantly, "Who will +change old lamps for new!" Aladdin being on a hunting excursion, his +wife sent a eunuch to exchange the "wonderful lamp" for a new one; and +forthwith the magician commanded "the slaves of the lamp" to transport +the palace and all it contained into Africa. Aladdin caused him to be +poisoned in a draught of wine.—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("Aladdin or The +Wonderful Lamp").</p> + +<p><b>Af'rit or Afreet</b>, a kind of Medusa or Lamia, the most terrible and +cruel of all the orders of the deevs.—<i>Herbelot</i>, 66.</p> + +From the hundred chimneys of the village,<br> +Like the Afreet in the Arabian story [<i>Introduct.<br> +Tale</i>],<br> +<br> +Smoky columns tower aloft into the air of amber.<br> + +<p>Longfellow, <i>The Golden Milestone</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Agag</b>, in Dryden's satire of <i>Absalom and +Achit'ophel</i>, is sir Edmondbury Godfrey, +the magistrate, who was found murdered +in a ditch near Primrose Hill. Dr. Oates, +in the same satire, is called "Corah."</p> + +Corah might for Agag's murder call,<br> +In terms as coarse as Samuel used to Saul.<br> + +<p>Part i.</p> + +<p><b>Agamemnon</b>, king of the Argives and commander-in-chief of the allied +Greeks in the siege of Troy. Introduced by Shakespeare in his <i>Troilus +and Cres'sida</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Vixere fortes ante Agamem'nona</i>, "There were brave men before +Agamemnon;" we are not to suppose that there were no great and good men +in former times. A similar proverb is, "There are hills beyond Pentland +and fields beyond Forth."</p> + +<p><b>Agandecca</b>, daughter of Starno king of Lochlin [<i>Scandinavia</i>], +promised in marriage to Fingal king of Morven [<i>north-west of +Scotland</i>]. The maid told Fingal to beware of her father, who had set an +ambush to kill him. Fingal, being thus forewarned, slew the men in +ambush; and Starno, in rage, murdered his daughter, who was buried by +Fingal in Ardven [<i>Argyll</i>].</p> + +The daughter of the snow overheard, and left<br> +the hall of her secret sigh. She came in all her<br> +beauty, like the moon from the cloud of the east.<br> +Loveliness was around her as light. Her step<br> +was like the music of songs. She saw the youth,<br> +and loved him. He was the stolen sigh of her<br> +soul. Her blue eyes rolled in secret on him, and<br> +she blessed the chief of Morven.—<i>Ossian</i> ("Fingal,"<br> +iii.)<br> + +<p><b>Aganip'pe</b> (4 syl.), fountain of the +Muses, at the foot of mount Helicon, in +Boeo'tia.</p> + +From Helicon's harmonious springs<br> +A thousand rills their mazy progress take.<br> + +<p>Gray, <i>Progress of Poetry</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Ag'ape</b> (3 syl.) the fay. She had three sons at a birth, Primond, +Diamond, and Triamond. Being anxious to know the future lot of her sons, +she went to the abyss of Demogorgon, to consult the "Three Fatal +Sisters." Clotho showed her the threads, which "were thin as those spun +by a spider." She begged the fates to lengthen the life-threads, but +they said this could not be; they consented, however, to this +agreement—</p> + +When ye shred with fatal knife<br> +His line which is the eldest of the three,<br> +Eftsoon his life may pass into the next:<br> +And when the next shall likewise ended be,<br> +That both their lives may likewise be annext<br> +Unto the third, that his may so be trebly wext.<br> +<br> +Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iv. 2 (1590).<br> + +<p><b>Agapi'da</b> <i>(Fray Antonio</i>), the imaginary chronicler of <i>The +Conquest of Granada</i>, written by Washington Irving (1829).</p> + +<p><b>Agast'ya</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), a dwarf who drank the sea dry. As he was +walking one day with Vishnoo, the insolent ocean asked the god who the +pigmy was that strutted by his side. Vishnoo replied it was the +patriarch Agastya, who was going to restore earth to its true balance. +Ocean, in contempt, spat its spray in the pigmy's face, and the sage, in +revenge of this affront, drank the waters of the ocean, leaving the bed +quite dry.—Maurice.</p> + +<p><b>Ag'atha,</b> daughter of Cuno, and the betrothed of Max, in Weber's +opera of <i>Der Freischütz.</i>—See <i>Dictionary of Phrase and Fable.</i></p> + +<p><b>Agath'ocles</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.) tyrant of Sicily. He was the son of a +potter, and raised himself from the ranks to become general of the army. +He reduced all Sicily under his power. When he attacked the +Carthaginians, he burnt his ships that his soldiers might feel assured +they must either conquer or die. Agathoclês died of poison administered +by his grandson (B.C. 361-289).</p> + +<p>Voltaire has a tragedy called <i>Agathocle</i>, and Caroline Pichler has an +excellent German novel entitled <i>Agathoclés</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Agathon</b>, the hero and title of a philosophic romance, by C. M. +Wieland (1733-1813). This is considered the best of his novels, though +some prefer his <i>Don Sylvia de Rosalva</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Agdistes</b>, the name given by Spenser to our individual consciousness +or self. Personified in the being who presided over the Acrasian "bowre +of blis."</p> + +That is our selfe, whom though we do not see<br> +Yet each doth in himselfe it well perceive to bee.<br> +<br> +Therefore a God him sage Antiquity<br> +Did wisely make, and good Agdistes call—<br> +<br> +Spenser, <i>Faerie Queene</i>, ii. 12.<br> + +<p><b>Agdistis</b>, a genius of human form, uniting the two senses and born +of an accidental union between Jupiter and Tellus. The story of Agdistis +and Atys is apparently a myth of the generative powers of nature.</p> + +<p><b>Aged</b> (<i>The</i>), so Wemmick's father is called. He lived in "the +castle at Walworth." Wemmick at "the castle" and Wemmick in business are +two "different beings."</p> + +Wemmick's house was a little wooden cottage,<br> +in the midst of plots of garden, and the top of<br> +it was cut out and painted like a battery mounted<br> +with guns.... It was the smallest of houses,<br> +with queer Gothic windows (by far the greater<br> +part of them sham), and a Gothic door, almost<br> +too small to get in at.... On Sundays he ran<br> +up a real flag.... The bridge was a plank, and<br> +it crossed a chasm about four feet wide and two<br> +deep.... At nine o'clock every night "the gun<br> +fired," the gun being mounted in a separate fortress<br> +made of lattice-work. It was protected<br> +from the weather by a tarpaulin ... umbrella.—<br> +C. Dickens, <i>Great Expectations</i>, xxv. (1860).<br> + +<p><b>Ag'elastes</b> (<i>Michael</i>), the cynic philosopher.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Count Robert of Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p> + +<p><b>Agesila'us</b> (5 <i>syl</i>.). Plutarch tells us that Agesilaus, king of +Sparta, was one day discovered riding cock-horse on a long stick, to +please and amuse his children.</p> + +<p><b>A'gib</b> (<i>King</i>), "The Third Calender" (<i>Arabian Nights' +Entertainments</i>). He was wrecked on the loadstone mountain, which drew +all the nails and iron bolts from his ship; but he overthrew the bronze +statue on the mountain-top, which was the cause of the mischief. Agib +visited the ten young men, each of whom had lost the right eye, and was +carried by a roc to the palace of the forty princesses, with whom he +tarried a year. The princesses were then obliged to leave for forty +days, but entrusted him with the keys of the palace, with free +permission to enter every room but one. On the fortieth day curiosity +induced him to open this room, where he saw a horse, which he mounted, +and was carried through the air to Bag dad. The horse then deposited him, +and knocked out his right eye with a whisk of its tail, as it had done +the ten "young men" above referred to.</p> + +<p><b>Agitator</b> (<i>The Irish</i>), Daniel O'Connell (1775-1847).</p> + +<p><b>Aglae</b>, the unwedded sister in T. B. Aldrich's poem, <i>The Sisters' +Tragedy</i> (1891).</p> + +Two sisters loved one man. He being dead,<br> +Grief loosed the lips of her he had not wed,<br> +And all the passion that through heavy years,<br> +Had masked in smiles, unmasked itself in tears.<br> + +<p><b>Agnei'a</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), wifely chastity, sister of Parthen'ia or maiden +chastity. Agneia is the spouse of Encra'tês or temperance. Fully +described in canto x. of <i>The Purple Island</i>, by Phineas Fletcher +(1633). (Greek, <i>agneia</i>, "chastity.")</p> + +<p><b>Ag'nes</b>, daughter of Mr. Wickfield the solicitor, and David +Copperfield's second wife (after the death of Dora, "his child wife"). +Agnes is a very pure, self-sacrificing girl, accomplished, yet +domestic.—C. Dickens, <i>David Copperfield</i> (1849).</p> + +<p><b>Agnes</b>, in Molière's <i>L'École des Femmes</i>, the girl on whom Arnolphe +tries his pet experiment of education, so as to turn out for himself a +"model wife." She is brought up in a country convent, where she is kept +in entire ignorance of the difference of sex, conventional proprieties, +the difference between the love of men and women, and that of girls for +girls, the mysteries of marriage, and so on. When grown to womanhood she +quits the convent, and standing one evening on a balcony a young man +passes and takes off his hat to her, she returns the salute; he bows a +second and third time, she does the same; he passes and repasses several +times, bowing each time, and she does as she has been taught to do by +acknowledging the salute. Of course, the young man (<i>Horace</i>) becomes +her lover, whom she marries, and M. Arnolphe loses his "model wife." +(See PINCH-WIFE.)</p> + +<p><i>Elle fait l'Agnès.</i> She pretends to be wholly unsophisticated and +verdantly ingenuous.—<i>French Proverb</i> (from the "Agnes" of Molière, +<i>L'École des Femmes</i>, 1662).</p> + +<p><i>Agnes</i> (<i>Black</i>), the countess of March, noted for her defence of +Dunbar against the English.</p> + +<p><i>Black Agnes</i>, the palfry of Mary queen of Scots, the gift of her +brother Moray, and so called from the noted countess of March, who was +countess of Moray (Murray) in her own right.</p> + +<p><i>Agnes</i> (<i>St.</i>), a young virgin of Palermo, who at the age of thirteen +was martyred at Rome during the Diocletian persecution of A.D. 304. +Prudence (Aurelius Prudentius Clemens), a Latin Christian poet of the +fourth century, has a poem on the subject. Tintoret and Domenichi'no +have both made her the subject of a painting.—<i>The Martyrdom of St. +Agnes</i>.</p> + +<p><i>St. Agnes and the Devil</i>. St. Agnes, having escaped from the prison at +Rome, took shipping and landed at St. Piran Arwothall. The devil dogged +her, but she rebuked him, and the large moor-stones between St. Piran +and St. Agnes, in Cornwall, mark the places where the devils were turned +into stone by the looks of the indignant saint.—Polwhele, <i>History of +Cornwall</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Agnes of Sorrento</i>, heroine of novel of same name, by Harriet Beecher +Stowe. The scene of the story is laid in Sorrento, Italy.</p> + +<p><b>Agraman'te</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.) or <b>Ag'ramant,</b> king of the Moors, in +<i>Orlando Innamorato</i>, by Bojardo, and <i>Orlando Furioso</i>, by Ariosto.</p> + +<p><b>Agrawain</b> (<i>Sir</i>) or <b>Sir Agravain</b>, surnamed "The Desirous," and +also "The Haughty." He was son of Lot (king of Orkney) and Margawse +half-sister of king Arthur. His brothers were sir Gaw'ain, sir Ga'heris, +and sir Gareth. Mordred was his half-brother, being the son of king +Arthur and Margawse. Sir Agravain and sir Mordred hated sir Launcelot, +and told the king he was too familiar with the queen; so they asked the +king to spend the day in hunting, and kept watch. The queen sent for sir +Launcelot to her private chamber, and sir Agravain, sir Mordred, and +twelve others assailed the door, but sir Launcelot slew them all except +sir Mordred, who escaped.—Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, +iii. 142-145 (1470).</p> + +<p><b>Agrica'ne</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>), king of Tartary, in the <i>Orlando Innamorato</i>, +of Bojardo. He besieges Angelica in the castle of Albracca, and is slain +in single combat by Orlando. He brought into the field 2,200,000 troops.</p> + +Such forces met not, nor so wide a camp,<br> +When Agrican, with all his northern powers,<br> +Besieged Albracca.<br> +<br> +Milton, <i>Paradise Regained</i>, iii. (338).<br> + +<p><b>Agricola Fusilier</b>, a pompous old creole, a conserver of family +traditions, and patriot who figures in George W. Cable's <i>Grandissimes</i> +(1880).</p> + +He seemed to fancy himself haranguing a<br> +crowd; made another struggle for intelligence,<br> +tried once, twice to speak, and the third time<br> +succeeded: "Louis—<i>Louisian—a—for—ever!</i>"<br> +and lay still. They put those two words on his<br> +tomb.<br> + +<p><b>Ag'rios,</b> Lumpishness personified; a "sullen swain, all mirth that +in himself and others hated; dull, dead, and leaden." Described in canto +viii. of <i>The Purple Island</i>, by Phineas Fletcher (1635). (Greek, +<i>agrios</i>; "a savage.")</p> + +<p><b>Agrippina</b> was granddaughter, wife, sister, and mother of an +emperor. She was granddaughter of Augustus, wife of Claudius, sister of +Caligula, and mother of Nero.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Lam'pedo of Lacedaemon was daughter, wife, sister, and +mother of a king.</p> + +<p><b>Agripy'na</b> or <b>Ag'ripyne</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), a princess beloved by the +"king of Cyprus'son, and madly loved by Orleans."—Thomas Dekker, <i>Old +Fortunatus</i> (a comedy, 1600).</p> + +<p><b>Ague-cheek</b> <i>(Sir Andrew</i>), a silly old fop with "3000 ducats a +year," very fond of the table, but with a shrewd understanding that +"beef had done harm to his wit." Sir Andrew thinks himself "old in +nothing but in understanding," and boasts that he can cut a caper, dance +the coranto, walk a jig, and take delight in masques, like a young +man.—Shakespeare, <i>Twelfth Night</i> (1614).</p> + +<p>Woodward (1737-1777) always sustained "sir Andrew Ague-cheek" with +infinite drollery, assisted by that expression of "rueful dismay," which +gave so peculiar a zest to his <i>Marplot</i>.—Boaden, <i>Life of Siddons</i> +Charles Lamb says that "Jem White saw James Dodd one evening in +<i>Ague-cheek</i>, and recognizing him next day in Fleet Street, took off his +hat, and saluted him with 'Save you, sir Andrew!' Dodd simply waved his +hand and exclaimed, 'Away, fool!'"</p> + +<p><b>A'haback and Des'ra,</b> two enchanters, who aided Ahu'bal in his +rebellion against his brother Misnar, sultan of Delhi. Ahu'bal had a +magnificent tent built, and Horam the vizier had one built for the +sultan still more magnificent. When the rebels made their attack, the +sultan and the best of the troops were drawn off, and the sultan's tent +was taken. The enchanters, delighted with their prize, slept therein, +but at night the vizier led the sultan to a cave, and asked him to cut a +rope. Next morning he heard that a huge stone had fallen on the +enchanters and crushed them to a mummy. In fact, this stone formed the +head of the bed, where it was suspended by the rope which the sultan had +severed in the night.—James Ridley, <i>Tales of the Genii</i> ("The +Enchanters' Tale," vi.).</p> + +<p><b>Ahasue'rus,</b> the cobbler who pushed away Jesus when, on the way to +execution. He rested a moment or two at his door. "Get off! Away with +you!" cried the cobbler. "Truly, I go away," returned Jesus, "and that +quickly; but tarry thou till I come." And from that time Ahasuerus +became the "wandering Jew," who still roams the earth, and will continue +so to do till the "second coming of the Lord." This is the legend given +by Paul von Eitzen, bishop of Schleswig (1547).—Greve, <i>Memoir of Paul +von Eitzen</i> (1744).</p> + +<p><b>Aher'man and Ar'gen,</b> the former a fortress, and the latter a suite +of immense halls, in the realm of Eblis, where are lodged all creatures +of human intelligence before the creation of Adam, and all the animals +that inhabited the earth before the present races existed.—W. Beckford, +<i>Vathek</i> (1786).</p> + +<p><b>Ah'med</b> <i>(Prince)</i>, noted for the tent given him by the fairy +Pari-banou, which would cover a whole army, and yet would fold up so +small that it might be carried in one's pocket. The same good fairy also +gave him the apple of Samarcand', a panacea for all diseases.—<i>Arabian +Nights' Entertainments</i> ("Prince Ahmed, etc.").</p> + +<p><b>Aholiba'mah,</b> granddaughter of Cain, and sister of Anah. She was +loved by the seraph Samias'a, and like her sister was carried off to +another planet when the Flood came.—Byron, <i>Heaven and Earth</i>.</p> + +Proud, imperious, and aspiring, she denies that<br> +she worships the seraph, and declares that his<br> +immortality can bestow no love more pure and<br> +warm than her own, and she expresses a conviction<br> +that there is a ray within her "which,<br> +though forbidden yet to shine," is nevertheless<br> +lighted at the same ethereal fire as his own.—Finden,<br> +<i>Byron Beauties</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Ah'riman or Ahrima'nes</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), the angel of darkness and of +evil in the Magian system, slain by Mithra.</p> + +<p><b>Aikwood</b> (<i>Ringan</i>), the forester of sir Arthur Wardour, of +Knockwinnock Castle.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Antiquary</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Aimee</b>, the prudent sister, familiarly known as "the wise one" in +the Bohemian household described by Francis Hodgson Burnett in +<i>Vagabondia</i> (1889).</p> + +<p><b>Aim'well</b> <i>(Thomas, viscount</i>), a gentleman of broken fortune, who +pays his addresses to Dorin'da, daughter of Lady Bountiful. He is very +handsome and fascinating, but quite "a man of the world." He and Archer +are the two beaux of <i>The Beaux' Stratagem</i>, a comedy by George Farquhar +(1705).</p> + +<p>I thought it rather odd that Holland should be the only "mister" of the +party, and I said to myself, as Gibbet said when he heard that "Aimwell" +had gone to church, "That looks suspicions" (act ii. sc. 2).—James +Smith, <i>Memoirs, Letters, etc</i>. (1840).</p> + +<p><b>Aircastle</b>, in the <i>Cozeners</i>, by S. Foote. The original of this +rambling talker was Gahagan, whose method of conversation is thus +burlesqued:</p> + +<p><i>Aircastle</i>: "Did I not tell you what parson Prunello said? I remember, +Mrs. Lightfoot was by. She had-been brought to bed that day was a month +of a very fine boy—a bad birth; for Dr. Seeton, who served his time +with Luke Lancet, of Guise's.—There was also a talk about him and +Nancy the daughter. She afterwards married Will Whitlow, another +apprentice, who had great expectations from an old uncle in the +Grenadiers; but he left all to a distant relation, Kit Cable, a +midshipman aboard the <i>Torbay</i>. She was lost coming home in the channel. +The captain was taken up by a coaster from Eye, loaded with cheese—" +[Now, pray, what did parson Prunello say? This is a pattern of Mrs. +Nickleby's rambling gossip.]</p> + +<p><b>Air'lie</b> (<i>The earl of</i>), a royalist in the service of king Charles +I.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Legend of Montrose</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Airy</b> (<i>Sir George</i>), a man of fortune, in love with Miran'da, the +ward of sir Francis Gripe.—Mrs. Centlivre, <i>The Busylody</i> (1709).</p> + +<p><b>A'jax,</b> son of Oïleus [<i>O.i'.luce</i>], generally called "the less." +In conseqnence of his insolence to Cassan'dra, the prophetic daughter of +Priam, his ship was driven on a rock, and he perished at sea.—Homer, +<i>Odyssey</i>, iv. 507; Virgil, <i>Æneid</i>, i. 41.</p> + +<p><b>A'jax Tel'amon.</b> Sophoclês has a tragedy called <i>Ajax</i>, in which +"the madman" scourges a ram he mistakes for Ulysses. His encounter with +a flock of sheep, which he fancied in his madness to be the sons of +Atreus, has been mentioned at greater or less length by several Greek +and Roman poets. Don Quixote had a similar adventure. This Ajax is +introduced by Shakespeare in his drama called <i>Troilus and Cressida.</i> +(See ALIFANFARON).</p> + +The Tuscan poet [<i>Ariosto</i>] doth advance<br> +The frantic paladin of France [<i>Orlando Furioso</i>];<br> +And those more ancient [<i>Euripides</i> and <i>Seneca</i>] do enhance<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alcidês in his fury [<i>Herculês Furens</i>];</span><br> +And others, Ajax Telamon;—<br> +But to this time there hath been none<br> +So bedlam as our Oberon;<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of whom I dare assure you.</span><br> + +<p>M. Drayton, <i>Nymphidia</i> (1536-1631).</p> + +<p><b>Ajut and Anningait</b>, in <i>The Rambler</i>.</p> + +Part, like Ajut, never to return.<br> +Campbell, <i>Pleasures of Hope</i>, ii. (1799).<br> + +<p><b>Ala'ciel,</b> the genius who went on a voyage to the two islands, +Taciturnia and Merry land [<i>London</i> and <i>Paris</i>].—De la Dixmerie +<i>L'isle Taciturne et l'isle Enjouée, ou Voyage du Génie Alaciel dans les +deux Iles</i> (1759).</p> + +<p><b>Aladdin</b>, son of Mustafa, a poor tailor, of China, "obstinate, +disobedent, and mischievous," wholly abandoned "to indolence and +licentiousness." One day an African magician accosted him, pretending to +be his uncle, and sent him to bring up the "wonderful lamp," at the same +time giving him a "ring of safety." Aladdin secured the lamp, but would +not hand it to the magician till he was out of the cave, whereupon the +magician shut him up in the cave, and departed for Africa. Aladdin, +wringing his hands in despair, happened to rub the magic ring, when the +genius of the ring appeared before him, and asked him his commands. +Aladdin requested to be delivered from the cave, and he returned home. +By means of his lamp, he obtained untold wealth, built a superb palace, +and married Badroul'boudour, the sultan's daughter. After a time, the +African magician got possession of the lamp, and caused the palace, with +all its contents, to be transported into Africa. Aladdin was absent at +the time, was arrested and ordered to execution, but was rescued by the +populace, with whom he was an immense favorite, and started to discover +what had become of his palace. Happening to slip, he rubbed his ring, +and when the genius of the ring appeared and asked his orders, was +instantly posted to the place where his palace was in Africa. He +poisoned the magician, regained the lamp, and had his palace restored to +its original place in China.</p> + +<p>Yes, ready money is Aladdin's lamp.</p> + +<p>Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, xii. 12.</p> + +<p><i>Aladdin's Lamp</i>, a lamp brought from an underground cavern in "the +middle of China." Being in want of food, the mother of Aladdin began to +scrub it, intending to sell it, when the genius of the lamp appeared, +and asked her what were her commands. Aladdin answered, "I am hungry; +bring me food;" and immediately a banquet was set before him. Having +thus become acquainted with the merits of the lamp, he became enormously +rich, and married the sultan's daughter. By artifice the African +magician got possession of the lamp, and transported the palace with its +contents to Africa. Aladdin poisoned the magician, recovered the lamp, +and retranslated the palace to its original site.</p> + +<p><i>Aladdin's Palace Windows</i>. At the top of the palace was a saloon, +containing tweny-four windows (six on each side), and all but one +enriched with diamonds, rubies, and emeralds. One was left for the +sultan to complete, but all the jewellers in the empire were unable to +make one to match the others, so Aladdin commanded "the slaves of the +lamp" to complete their work.</p> + +<p><i>Aladdin's Ring</i>, given him by the African magician, "a preservative +against every evil."—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("Aladdin and the Wonderful +Lamp").</p> + +<p><b>Al'adine,</b> the sagacious but cruel king of Jerusalem, slain by +Raymond.—Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p> + +<p><i>Al'adine</i> (3 <i>syl</i>.), son of Aldus, "a lusty knight."—Spenser, <i>Faëry +Queen</i>, vi. 3 (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Alaff, Anlaf,</b> or <b>Olaf</b>, son of Sihtric, Danish king of +Northumberland (died 927). When Aethelstan [<i>Athelstan</i>] took possession +of Northumberland, Alaff fled to Ireland, and his brother Guthfrith or +Godfrey to Scotland.</p> + +Our English Athelstan,<br> +In the Northumbrian fields, with most victorious might,<br> +Put Alaff and his powers to more inglorious flight.<br> + +<p>Drayton, <i>Potyolbion</i>, xii. (1612).</p> + +<p><b>Alain</b>, cousin of Eos, the artist's wife, in <i>Desert Sands</i>, by +Harriet Prescott Spofford (1863).</p> + +<p><b>Alar'con,</b> king of Barca, who joined the armament of Egypt against +the crusaders, but his men were only half armed.—Tasso, <i>Jerusalem +Delivered</i> (1575).</p> + +<p><b>Alaric Cottin.</b> Frederick the Great of Prussia was so called by +Voltaire. "Alaric" because, like Alaric, he was a great warrior, and +"Cottin" because, like Cottin, satirized by Boileau, he was a very +indifferent poet.</p> + +<p><b>Alas'co,</b> <i>alias</i> DR. DEMETRIUS DOBOOBIE, an old astrologer, +consulted by the earl of Leicester.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Kenilworth</i> (time, +Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><b>Alas'nam</b> (<i>Prince Zeyn</i>) possessed eight statues, each a single +diamond on a gold pedestal, but had to go in search of a ninth, more +valuable than them all. This ninth was a lady, the most beautiful and +virtuous of women, "more precious than rubies," who became his wife.</p> + +<p>One pure and perfect <i>[woman]</i> is ... like Alasnam's lady, worth them +all.—Sir Walter Scott.</p> + +<p><i>Alasnam's Mirror</i>. When Alasnam was in search of his ninth statue, the +king of the Genii gave him a test mirror, in which he was to look when +he saw a beautiful girl; "if the glass remained pure and unsullied, the +damsel would be the same, but if not, the damsel would not be wholly +pure in body and in mind." This mirror was called "the touchstone of +virtue."—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("Prince Zeyn Alasnam").</p> + +<p><b>Alas'tor,</b> a surname of Zeus as "the Avenger." Or, in general, any +deity or demon who avenges wrong done by man. Shelley wrote a poem, +<i>Alastor, or the Spirit of Solitude</i>.</p> + +<p>Cicero says he meditated killing himself that he might become the +Alastor of Augustus, whom he hated.—Plutarch, <i>Cicero, etc.</i> ("Parallel +Lives.")</p> + +<p>God Almighty mustered up an army of mice against the archbishop +[<i>Hatto</i>], and sent them to persecute him as his furious +Alastors.—Coryat, <i>Crudities</i>, 571.</p> + +<p><b>Al'ban</b> (<i>St.</i>) of Ver'ulam, hid his confessor, St. Am'phibal, and +changing clothes with him, suffered death in his stead. This was during +the frightful persecution of Maximia'nus Hercu'lius, general of +Diocle'tian's army in Britain, when 1000 Christians fell at Lichfield.</p> + +Alban—our proto-martyr called.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xxiv. [1622],</span><br> + +<p><b>Al'berick of Mortemar,</b> the same as Theodorick the hermit of +Engaddi, an exiled nobleman. He tells king Richard the history of his +life, and tries to dissuade him from sending a letter of defiance to the +archduke of Austria.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Talisman</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><i>Al' berick</i>, the squire of prince Richard, one of the sons of Henry II. +of England.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p> + +<p><b>Albert,</b> commander of the <i>Britannia</i>. Brave, liberal, and just, +softened and refined by domestic ties and superior information. His ship +was dashed against the projecting verge of Cape Colonna, the most +southern point of Attica, and he perished in the sea because Rodmond +(second in command) grasped one of his legs and could not be shaken off.</p> + +Though trained in boisterous elements, his mind<br> +Was yet by soft humanity refined;<br> +Each joy of wedded love at home he knew,<br> +Abroad, confessed the father of his crew....<br> +<br> +His genius, ever for th' event prepared,<br> +Rose with the storm, and all its dangers shared.<br> + +<p>Falconer, <i>The Shipwreck</i>, i. 2 (1756).</p> + +<p><i>Albert</i>, father of Gertrude, patriarch and judge of Wyo'ming (called by +Campbell Wy'oming). Both Albert and his daughter were shot by a mixed +force of British and Indian troops, led by one Brandt, who made an +attack on the settlement, put all the inhabitants to the sword, set fire +to the fort, and destroyed all the houses.—Campbell, <i>Gertrude of +Wyoming</i> (1809).</p> + +<p><i>Albert</i>, in Goethe's romance called <i>The Sorrows of Werther</i>, is meant +for his friend Kestner. He is a young German farmer, who married +Charlotte Buff (called "Lotte" in the novel), with whom Goethe was in +love. Goethe represents himself under the name of Werther (<i>q. v.</i>).</p> + +<p><b>Albert of Gei'erstein</b> (<i>Count</i>), brother of Arnold Biederman, and +president of the "Secret Tribunal." He sometimes appears as a "black +priest of St. Paul's," and sometimes as the "monk of St. Victoire."—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Albertaz'zo</b> married Alda, daughter of Otho, duke of Saxony. His +sons were Ugo and Fulco. From this stem springs the Royal Family of +England.—Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Albia'zar,</b> an Arab chief, who joins the Egyptian armament against +the crusaders.</p> + +<p>A chief in rapine, not in knighthood bred. Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>, +xvii. (1575).</p> + +<p><b>Al'bion.</b> In legendary history this word is variously accounted for. +One derivation is from Albion, a giant, son of Neptune, its first +discoverer, who ruled over the island for forty-four years.</p> + +<p>Another derivation is Al'bia, eldest of the fifty daughters of +Diocle'sian king of Syria. These fifty ladies all married on the same +day, and all murdered their husbands on the wedding night. By way of +punishment, they were cast adrift in a ship, unmanned, but the wind +drove the vessel to our coast, where these Syrian damsels disembarked. +Here they lived the rest of their lives, and married with the +aborigines, "a lawless crew of devils." Milton mentions this legend, and +naïvely adds, "it is too absurd and unconscionably gross to be +believed." Its resemblance to the fifty daughters of Dan'aos is +palpable.</p> + +<p>Drayton, in his <i>Polyolbion</i>, says that Albion came from Rome, was "the +first martyr of the land," and dying for the faith's sake, left his name +to the country, where Offa subsequently reared to him "a rich and +sumptuous shrine, with a monastery attached."—Song xvi.</p> + +<p><i>Albion</i>, king of Briton, when O'beron held his court in what is now +called "Kensington Gardens." T. Tickell has a poem upon this subject.</p> + +<p><i>Albion wars with Jove's Son</i>. Albion, son of Neptune, wars with +Her'culês, son of Jove. Neptune, dissatisfied with the share of his +father's kingdom, awarded to him by Jupiter, aspired to dethrone his +brother, but Hercules took his father's part, and Albion was +discomfited.</p> + +Since Albion wielded arms against the son of<br> +Jove.<br> + +<p>M. Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, iv. (1612).</p> + +<p><b>Albo'rak,</b> the animal brought by Gabriel to convey Mahomet to the +seventh heaven. It had the face of a man, the cheeks of a horse, the +wings of an eagle, and spoke with a human voice.</p> + +<p><b>Albuma'zar,</b> Arabian astronomer (776-885).</p> + +Chaunteclere, our cocke, must tell what is o'clocke,<br> +By the astrologye that he hath naturally<br> +Conceyued and caught; for he was never taught<br> +By Albumazar, the astronomer,<br> +Nor by Ptholomy, prince of astronomy.<br> +J. Skelton, <i>Philip Sparoiv</i> (time, Henry VIII.).<br> + +<p>Alcestis or Alcestes, daughter of Pelias and wife of Admetus (<i>q. v</i>.) +On his wedding-day Admetus neglected to offer sacrifice to Diana and was +condemned to die, but Apollo induced the Fates to spare his life if he +could find a voluntary substitute. His wife offered to give her life for +his, and went away with death; but Hercules fought with Death and +restored Alcestes to her husband. This story is the subject of a tragedy +<i>Alcestes</i>, by Euripides. Milton alludes to the incident in one of his +sonnets:</p> + +Methought I saw my late espoused saint<br> +Brought to me like Alcestes from the grave.<br> + +<p>John Milton, Sonnet <i>On his deceased Wife</i>.</p> + +<p>William Morris has made Alcestes the subject of one of the tales in his +<i>Earthly Paradise.</i></p> + +<p>A variation of the story is found in Longfellow's <i>The Golden Legend</i>, +Henry of Hoheneck when dying was promised his life if a maiden could be +found who would give up her life for his. Elsie, the daughter of +Gottlieb, a tenant-farmer of the prince offered herself as a sacrifice, +and followed her lord to Sorrento to give herself up to Lucifer; but +Henry heard of it, and, moved by gratitude, saved Elsie and made her his +wife.</p> + +<p><i>Alceste</i>, the hero of Molière's comedy <i>Le Misanthrope</i>. He has a pure +and noble mind that has been soured and disgusted by intercourse with +the world. Courtesy he holds to be the vice of fops, and the manners of +society mere hypocrisy. He courts Célmène, a coquette and her treatment +of his love confirms his bad opinion of mankind.</p> + +<p><b>Al'chemist</b> (<i>The</i>), the last of the three great comedies of Ben +Jonson (1610). The other two are <i>Vol'pone</i> (2 <i>syl</i>.), (1605), and <i>The +Silent Woman</i> (1609). The object of <i>The Alchemist</i> is to ridicule the +belief in the philosopher's stone and the elixir of life. The alchemist +is "Subtle," a mere quack; and "sir Epicure Mammon" is the chief dupe, +who supplies money, etc., for the "transmutation of metal." "Abel +Drugger" a tobacconist, and "Dapper" a lawyer's clerk, are two other +dupes. "Captain Face," <i>alias</i> "Jeremy," the house-servant of "Lovewit," +and "Dol Common" are his allies. The whole thing is blown up by the +unexpected return of "Lovewit."</p> + +<p><b>Alcib'ades</b> (5 <i>syl.</i>), the Athenian general. Being banished by the +senate, he marches against the city, and the senate, being unable to +offer resistance, open the gates to him (B.C. 450-404). This incident is +introduced by Shakespeare in <i>Timon of Athens</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Alcibi'ades' Tables</b> represented a god or goddess outwardly, and a +Sile'nus, or deformed piper, within. Erasmus has a "curious dissertation +on these tables" (<i>Adage</i>, 667, edit. R. Stephens); hence emblematic of +falsehood and dissimulation.</p> + +Whose wants virtue is compared to these<br> +False tables wrought by Alcibiades;<br> +Which noted well of all were found t've bin<br> +Most fair without, but most deformed within.<br> + +<p>Wm. Browne, <i>Britannia's Pastorals</i>, i. (1613).</p> + +<p><b>Alci'des,</b> a name sometimes given to Hercules as the descendent of +the hero Alcoeus through his son Amphitryon (<i>q. v.</i>) The name is +applied to any valiant hero.</p> + +The Tuscan poet [<i>Ariosto</i>] doth advance<br> +The frantic paladin of France [<i>Orlando Furioso</i>];<br> +And those more ancient do enhance<br> +Alcidês in his fury.<br> + +<p>M. Drayton, <i>Nymphidia</i> (1563-1631).</p> + +Where is the great Alcidês of the field,<br> +Valiant lord Talbot, earl of Shrewsbury?<br> + +<p>Shakespeare, 1 <i>Henry VI</i>. act. iv. sc. 7 (1589).</p> + +<p><b>Alci'na</b>, Carnal Pleasure personified. In Bojardo's <i>Orlando +Innamorato</i> she is a fairy, who carries off Astolfo. In Ariosto's +<i>Orlando Furioso</i> she is a kind of Circê, whose garden is a scene of +enchantment. Alcina enjoys her lovers for a season, and then converts +them into trees, stones, wild beasts, and so on, as her fancy dictates.</p> + +<p><b>Al'ciphron</b>, or <i>The Minute Philosopher</i>, the title of a work by +bishop Berkeley, so called from the name of the chief speaker, a +freethinker. The object of this work is to expose the weakness of +infidelity.</p> + +<p><i>Al'ciphron</i>, "the epicurean," the hero of T. Moore's romance entitled +<i>The Epicurean</i>.</p> + +Like Aleiphron, we swing in air and darkness,<br> +and know not whither the wind blows us.<br> + +<p>—<i>Putnam's Magazine.</i></p> + +<p><b>Alcme'na</b> (in Molière, <i>Alcmène</i>), the wife of Amphitryon, general +of the Theban army. While her husband is absent warring against the +Telebo'ans, Jupiter assumes the form of Amphitryon; but Amphitryon +himself returns home the next day, and great confusion arises between +the false and true Amphitryon, which is augmented by Mercury, who +personates Sos'ia, the slave of Amphitryon. By this amour of Jupiter, +Alcmena becomes the mother of Her'culês. Plautus, Molière, and Dryden +have all taken this plot for a comedy entitled <i>Amphitryon</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Alcofri'bas</b>, the name by which Rabelais was called, after he came +out of the prince's mouth, where he resided for six months, taking toll +of every morsel of food that the prince ate. Pantag'ruel gave "the merry +fellow the lairdship of Salmigondin."—Rabelais, <i>Pantagruel</i>, ii. 32 +(1533).</p> + +<p><b>Al'colomb</b>, "subduer of hearts," daughter of Abou Aibou of Damascus, +and sister of Ganem. The caliph Haroun-al-Raschid, in a fit of jealousy, +commanded Ganem to be put to death, and his mother and sister to do +penance for three days in Damascus, and then to be banished from Syria. +The two ladies came to Bag dad, and were taken in by the charitable +syndic of the jewellers. When the jealous fit of the caliph was over he +sent for the two exiles. Alcolomb he made his wife, and her mother he +married to his vizier.—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("Ganem, the Slave of Love ").</p> + +<p><b>Alcy'on</b> "the wofullest man alive," but once "the jolly shepherd +swain that wont full merrily to pipe and dance," near where the Severn +flows. One day he saw a lion's cub, and brought it up till it followed +him about like a dog; but a cruel satyr shot it in mere wantonness. By +the lion's cub he means Daphne, who died in her prime, and the cruel +satyr is death. He said he hated everything—the heaven, the earth, +fire, air, and sea, the day, the night; he hated to speak, to hear, to +taste food, to see objects, to smell, to feel; he hated man and woman +too, for his Daphne lived no longer. What became of this doleful +shepherd the poet could never ween. Alcyon is sir Arthur +Gorges.—Spencer, <i>Daphnaida</i> (in seven fyttes, 1590).</p> + +And there is that Alcyon bent to mourn,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Though fit to frame an everlasting ditty.</span><br> +Whose gentle sprite for Daphne's death doth turn<br> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Sweet lays of love to endless plaints of pity.</span><br> + +<p>Spenser, <i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again</i> (1591).</p> + +<p><b>Alcy'one</b> or <b>Halcyone</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of Aeolus, who, on +hearing of her husband's death by shipwreck, threw herself into the sea, +and was changed to a kingfisher. (See HALCYON DAYS.)</p> + +<p><b>Aldabel'la,</b> wife of Orlando, sister of Oliver, and daughter of +Monodan'tês.—Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso, etc</i>. (1516).</p> + +<p><i>Aldabella</i>, a marchioness of Florence, very beautiful and fascinating, +but arrogant and heartless. She used to give entertainments to the +magnates of Florence, and Fazio was one who spent most of his time in +her society. Bian'ca his wife, being jealous of the marchioness, accused +him to the duke of being privy to the death of Bartoldo, and for this +offence Fazio was executed. Bianca died broken-hearted, and Aldabella +was condemned to spend the rest of her life in a nunnery.—Dean Milman, +<i>Fazio</i> (a tragedy, 1815).</p> + +<p><b>Alden</b> (<i>John</i>), one of the sons of the Pilgrim fathers, in love +with Priscilla, the beautiful puritan. Miles Standish, a bluff old +soldier, wishing to marry Priscilla, asked John Alden to go and plead +for him; but the maiden answered archly, "Why don't you speak for +yourself, John!" Soon after this, Standish being reported killed by a +poisoned arrow, John spoke for himself, and the maiden consented. +Standish, however, was not killed, but only wounded; he made his +reappearance at the wedding, where, seeing how matters stood, he +accepted the situation with the good-natured remark:</p> + +If you would be served you must serve yourself;<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">and moreover</span><br> +No man can gather cherries in Kent at the season<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">of Christmas.</span><br> + +<p>Longfellow, <i>Courtship of Miles Standish</i> (1858).</p> + +<p><b>Aldiborontephoscophornio</b> <i>[Al'diboron'te-fos'co-for'nio]</i>, a +character in <i>Chrononhotonthologos</i>, by H. Carey.</p> + +<p>(Sir Walter Scott used to call James Ballantyne, the printer, this +nickname, from his pomposity and formality of speech.)</p> + +<p><b>Al'diger,</b> son of Buo'vo, of the house of Clarmont, brother of +Malagi'gi and Vivian.—Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Al'dine</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), leader of the second squadron of Arabs which +joined the Egyptian armament against the crusaders. Tasso says of the +Arabs, "Their accents were female and their stature diminutive" +(xvii.).—Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p> + +<p><b>Al'dingar</b> <i>(Sir)</i>, steward of queen Eleanor, wife of Henry II. He +impeached the queen's fidelity, and agreed to prove his charge by single +combat; but an angel (in the shape of a little child) established the +queen's innocence. This is probably a blundering version of the story of +Gunhilda and the emperor Henry.—Percy, <i>Reliques</i>, ii. 9.</p> + +<p><b>Aldo</b>, a Caledonian, was not invited by Fingal to his banquet on his +return to Morven, after the overthrow of Swaran. To resent this affront, +he went over to Fingal's avowed enemy, Erragon king of Sora (in +Scandinavia), and here Lorma, the king's wife, fell in love with him. +The guilty pair fled to Morven, which Erragon immediately invaded. Aldo +fell in single combat with Erragon, Lorma died of grief, and Erragon was +slain in battle by Graul, son of Morni.—<i>Ossian</i> ("The Battle of +Lora").</p> + +<p><b>Aldrick</b> the Jesuit, confessor of Charlotte countess of Derby.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Aldrovand</b> <i>(Father)</i>, chaplain of sir Raymond Berenger, the old +Norman warrior.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p> + +<p><b>Aldus</b>, father of Al'adine (3 <i>syl</i>), the "lusty knight."—Spenser, +<i>Faëry Queen</i>, vi. 3 (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Alea,</b> a warrior who invented dice at the siege of Troy; at least so +Isidore of Seville says. Suidas ascribes the invention to Palamëdês.</p> + +<p>Alea est ludus tabulae inventa a Graecis, in otio Trojani belli, a +quodam milite, nomine ALEA, a quo et ars nomen accepit.—Isidorus, +<i>Orig</i>. xviii. 57.</p> + +<p><b>Alec'tryon,</b> a youth set by Mars to guard against surprises, but he +fell asleep, and Apollo thus surprised Mars and Venus in each others' +embrace. Mars in anger changed the boy into a cock.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And from out the neighboring farmyard</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Loud the cock Alectryon crowed.</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 5em;">Longfellow, <i>Pegasus in Pound</i>.</span><br> + +<p><b>Alec Yeaton</b>, the Gloucester skipper in T. B. Aldrich's ballad, +<i>Alec Yeaton's Son</i>.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The wind it wailed, the wind it moaned,</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 3em;">And the white caps flecked the sea;</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">"An' I would to God," the skipper groaned,</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 3em;">"I had not my boy with me!"</span><br> +<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Long did they marvel in the town</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 3em;">At God His strange decree;</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That let the stalwart skipper drown,</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 3em;">And the little child go free. (1890.)</span><br> + +<p><b>Ale'ria,</b> one of the Amazons, and the best beloved of the ten wives +of Guido the Savage.—Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Alessandro</b>, husband of the Indian girl Ramona, in Helen Hunt +Jackson's novel <i>Ramona</i>. The story of the young couple is a series of +oppressions and deceits practised by U. S. officials (1884). +<b>Alessio</b>, the young man with whom Lisa was living in concubinage, +when Elvi'no promised to marry her. Elvino made the promise out of +pique, because he thought Ami'na was not faithful to him, but when he +discovered his error he returned to his first love, and left Lisa to +marry Alessio, with whom she had been previously cohabiting.—Bellini's +opera, <i>La Sonnamlula</i> (1831).</p> + +<p><b>Ale'thes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), an ambassador from Egypt to king Al'adine (3 +<i>syl</i>.); subtle, false, deceitful, and full of wiles.—Tasso, <i>Jerusalem +Delivered</i> (1575).</p> + +<p><b>Alexander Patoff</b>, brother of the young Russian who figures most +prominently in F. Marion Crawford's novel <i>Paul Patoff</i>. Alexander's +mysterious disappearance in a mosque leads to suspicions involving his +brother, even the mother of the two brothers accusing Paul of fratricide +(1887).</p> + +<p><b>Alex. Walton</b>, physician and suitor of Margaret Kent in <i>The Story +of Margaret Kent</i>, by Henry Hayes (Ellen Olney Kirke) (1886).</p> + +<p><b>Alexander the Great</b>, a tragedy by Nathaniel Lee (1678). In French +we have a novel called <i>Roman d'Alexandre</i>, by Lambert-li-cors (twelfth +century), and a tragedy by Racine (1665).</p> + +<p><i>Alexander an Athlete</i>. Alexander, being asked if he would run a course +at the Olympic games, replied, "Yes, if my competitors are all kings."</p> + +<p><i>The Albanian Alexander</i>, George Castriot <i>(Scanderbeg</i> or <i>Iscander +beg</i>, 1404-1467).</p> + +<p><i>The Persian Alexander</i>, Sandjar (1117-1158).</p> + +<p><i>Alexander of the North</i>, Charles XII. of Sweden (1682-1718).</p> + +<p><i>Alexander deformed</i>.</p> + +Ammon's great son one shoulder had too high.<br> + +<p>Pope, <i>Prologue to the Satires</i>, 117.</p> + +<p><i>Alexander and Homer</i>. When Alexander invaded Asia Minor, he offered up +sacrifice to Priam, and then went to visit the tomb of Achilles. Here he +exclaimed, "O most enviable of men, who had Homer to sing thy deeds!"</p> + +<p>Which made the Eastern conqueror to cry,</p> + +"O fortunate young man! whose virtue found<br> +So brave a trump thy noble deeds to sound."<br> + +<p>Spenser, <i>The Ruins of Time</i> (1591).</p> + +<p><i>Alexander and Parme'nio.</i> When Darius, king of Persia, offered +Alexander his daughter Stati'ra in marriage, with a dowry of 10,000 +talents of gold, Parmenio said, "I would accept the offer, if I were +Alexander." To this Alexander rejoined, "So would I, if I were +Parmenio."</p> + +<p>On another occasion the general thought the king somewhat too lavish in +his gifts, whereupon Alexander made answer, "I consider not what +Parmenio ought to receive, but what Alexander ought to give."</p> + +<p><i>Alexander and Perdiccas</i>. When Alexander started for Asia he divided +his possessions among his friends. Perdiccas asked what he had left for +himself. "Hope," said Alexander. "If hope is enough for Alexander," +replied the friend, "it is enough for Perdiccas also;" and declined to +accept anything.</p> + +<p><i>Alexander and Raphael</i>. Alexander encountered Raphael in a cave in the +mountain of Kaf, and being asked what he was in search of, replied, "The +water of immortality." Whereupon Raphael gave him a stone, and told him +when he found another of the same weight he would gain his wish. "And +how long," said Alexander, "have I to live?" The angel replied, "Till +the heaven above thee and the earth beneath thee are of iron." Alexander +now went forth and found a stone almost of the weight required, and in +order to complete the balance, added a little earth; falling from his +horse at Ghur he was laid in his armor on the ground, and his shield was +set up over him to ward off the sun. Then understood he that he would +gain immortality when, like the stone, he was buried in the earth, and +that his hour was come, for the earth beneath him was iron, and his iron +buckler was his vault of heaven above. So he died.</p> + +<p><i>Alexander and the Robber</i>. When Dion'idês, a pirate, was brought before +Alexander, he exclaimed, "Vile brigand! How dare you infest the seas +with your misdeeds?" "And you," replied the pirate, "by what right do +you ravage the world? Because I have only one ship, I am called a +brigand, but you who have a whole fleet are termed a conqueror." +Alexander admired the man's boldness, and commanded him to be set at +liberty.</p> + +<p><i>Alexander's Beard</i>, a smooth chin, or a very small beard. It is said +that Alexander the Great had scarcely any beard at all.</p> + +Disgracèd yet with Alexander's bearde.<br> + +<p>G. Gascoigne, <i>The Steele Glas</i> (died 1577).</p> + +<p><i>Alexander's Runner</i>, Ladas.</p> + +<p><b>Alexan'dra,</b> daughter of Oronthea, queen of the Am'azons, and one of +the ten wives of Elba'nio. It is from this person that the land of the +Amazons was called Alexandra.—Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Alex'is,</b> the wanton shepherd in <i>The Faithful Shepherdess</i>, a +pastoral drama by John Fletcher (1610).</p> + +<p><b>Alfa'der,</b> the father of all the Asen <i>(deities)</i> of Scandinavia, +creator and governor of the universe, patron of arts and magic, etc.</p> + +<p><b>Alfonso</b>, father of Leono'ra d'Este, and duke of Ferrara, Tasso the +poet fell in love with Leonora. The duke confined him as a lunatic for +seven years in the asylum of Santa Anna, but at the expiration of that +period he was released through the intercession of Vincenzo Gonzago, +duke of Mantua. Byron refers to this in his <i>Childe Harold</i>, iv. 36.</p> + +<p><i>Alfonso XI</i> of Castile, whose "favorite" was Leonora de +Guzman.—Donizetti, <i>La Favorita</i> (an opera, 1842).</p> + +<p><i>Alfon'so (Don)</i>, of Seville, a man of fifty and husband of donna Julia +(twenty-seven years his junior), of whom he was jealous without +cause.—Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, i.</p> + +<p><i>Alfon'so</i>, in Walpole's tale called <i>The Castle of Otranto</i>, appears as +an apparition in the moonlight, dilated to a gigantic form (1769).</p> + +<p><b>Alfred as a Gleeman.</b> Alfred, wishing to know the strength of the +Danish camp, assumed the disguise of a minstrel, and stayed in the +Danish camp for several days, amusing the soldiers with his harping and +singing. After he had made himself master of all he required, he +returned back to his own place.—William of Malmesbury (twelfth +century).</p> + +<p>William of Malmesbury tells a similar story of Anlaf, a Danish king, +who, he says, just before the battle of Brunanburh, in Northumberland, +entered the camp of king Athelstan as a gleeman, harp in hand; and so +pleased was the English king that he gave him gold. Anlaf would not keep +the gold, but buried it in the earth.</p> + +<p><b>Algarsife</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), and Cam'ballo, sons of Cambuscan' king of +Tartary, and Elfêta his wife. Algarsife married Theodora.</p> + +I speak of Algarsife,<br> +How that he won Theodora to his wife.<br> + +<p>Chaucer, <i>The Squire's Tale</i> +<b>Al'gebar'</b> ("<i>the giant</i>"). So the Arabians +call the constellation Orion.</p> + +Begirt with many a blazing star,<br> +Stood the great giant Algebar—<br> +Orion, hunter of the beast.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Longfellow, <i>The Occultation of Orion</i>.</span><br> + +<p><b>Al'i,</b> cousin and son-in-law of Mahomet. The beauty of his eyes is +proverbial in Persia. <i>Ayn Hali</i> ("eyes of Ali") is the highest +compliment a Persian can pay to beauty.—Chardin.</p> + +<p><b>Ali Baba,</b> a poor Persian wood-carrier, who accidentally learns the +magic words, "Open Sesamê!" "Shut Sesamê!" by which he gains entrance +into a vast cavern, the repository of stolen wealth and the lair of +forty thieves. He makes himself rich by plundering from these stores; +and by the shrewd cunning of Morgiana, his female slave, the captain and +his whole band of thieves are extirpated. In reward of these services, +Ali Baba gives Morgiana her freedom, and marries her to his own +son.—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("Ali Baba or the Forty Thieves").</p> + +<p><b>Al'ice</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), sister of Valentine, in <i>Mons. Thomas</i>, a comedy +by Beaumont and Fletcher (1619).</p> + +<p><i>Al'ice</i> (2 <i>syl</i>.), foster-sister of Robert le Diable, and bride of +Rambaldo, the Norman troubadour, in Meyerbeer's opera of <i>Roberto il +Diavolo</i>. She comes to Palermo to place in the duke's hand his mother's +"will," which he is enjoined not to read till he is a virtuous man. She +is Robert's good genius, and when Bertram, the fiend, claims his soul as +the price of his ill deeds, Alice, by reading the will, reclaims him.</p> + +<p><i>Al'ice</i> (2 <i>syl</i>.), the servant-girl of dame Whitecraft, wife of the +innkeeper at Altringham.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, +Charles II.).</p> + +<p><i>Al'ice</i>, the miller's daughter, a story of happy first love told in +later years by an old man who had married the rustic beauty. He was a +dreamy lad when he first loved Alice, and the passion roused him into +manhood. (See ROSE.)—Tennyson, <i>The Miller's Daughter</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Al'ice (The Lady</i>), widow of Walter, knight of Avenel (2 <i>syl</i>).—Sir +W. Scott, <i>The Monastery</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><i>Al'ice</i> [GRAY], called "Old Alice Gray," a quondam tenant of the lord +of Ravenswood. Lucy Ashton visits her after the funeral of the old +lord.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Bride of Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p> + +<p><i>Alice Munro</i>, one of the sisters taken captive by Indians in Cooper's +<i>Last of the Mohicans</i> (1821).</p> + +<p><b>Alichi'no.</b> a devil in Dante's <i>Inferno</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Alicia</b> gave her heart to Mosby, but married Arden for his position. +As a wife, she played falsely with her husband, and even joined Mosby in +a plot to murder him. Vacillating between love for Mosby and respect for +Arden, she repents, and goes on sinning; wishes to get disentangled, but +is overmastered by Mosby's stronger will. Alicia's passions impel her to +evil, but her judgment accuses her and prompts her to the right course. +She halts, and parleys with sin, like Balaam, and of course is lost. +—Anon., <i>Arden of Feversham</i> (1592).</p> + +<p><i>Alic'ia</i>, "a laughing, toying, wheedling, whimpering she," who once +held lord Hastings under her distaff, but her annoying jealousy, +"vexatious days, and jarring, joyless nights," drove him away from her. +Being jealous of Jane Shore, she accused her to the duke of Gloster of +alluring lord Hastings from his allegiance, and the lord protector +soon trumped up a charge against both; the lord chamberlain he ordered +to execution for treason, and Jane Shore he persecuted for witchcraft. +Alicia goes raving mad.—Rowe, <i>Jane Shore</i> (1713).</p> + +<p><i>Alic'ia</i> (<i>The lady</i>), daughter of lord Waldemar Fitzurse.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Alick</b> [POLWORTH], one of the servants of Waverley.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Alifan'faron,</b> emperor of the island Trap'oban, a Mahometan, the +suitor of Pentap'olin's daughter, a Christian. Pentapolin refused to +sanction this alliance, and the emperor raised a vast army to enforce +his suit. This is don Quixote's solution of two flocks of sheep coming +in opposite directions, which he told Sancho were the armies of +Alifanfaron and Pentapolin.—Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I. iii. 4 (1605).</p> + +<p>Ajax the Greater had a similar encounter. (See AJAX.)</p> + +<p><b>Alin'da,</b> daughter of Alphonso, an irascible old lord of +Sego'via.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Pilgrim</i> (1621).</p> + +<p>(<i>Alinda</i> is the name assumed by young Archas when he dresses in woman's +attire. This young man is the son of general Archas, "the loyal subject" +of the great duke of Moscovia, in the drama by Beaumont and Fletcher, +called <i>The Loyal Subject</i>, 1618.)</p> + +<p><b>Aliprando</b>, a Christian knight, who discovered the armor of Rinaldo, +and took it to Godfrey. Both inferred that Rinaldo had been slain, but +were mistaken.—Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p> + +<p><b>Al'iris,</b> sultan of Lower Buchar'ia, who, under the assumed name of +Fer'amorz, accompanies Lalla Rookh from Delhi, on her way to be +married to the sultan. He wins her love, and amuses the tedium of the +journey by telling her tales. When introduced to the sultan, her joy is +unbounded on discovering that Feramorz the poet, who has won her heart, +is the sultan to whom she is betrothed.—T. Moore, <i>Lalla Rookh</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Alisaunder</b> (<i>Sir</i>), surnamed LORFELIN, son of the good prince +Boudwine and his wife An'glides (3 <i>syl</i>.). Sir Mark, king of Cornwall, +murdered sir Boudwine, who was his brother, while Alisaunder was a mere +child. When Alisaunder was knighted, his mother gave him his father's +doublet, "bebled with old blood," and charged him to revenge his +father's death. Alisaunder married Alis la Beale Pilgrim, and had one +son called Bellen'gerus le Beuse. Instead of fulfilling his mother's +charge, he was himself "falsely and feloniously slain" by king +Mark.—Sir T. Malory, <i>History of King Arthur</i>, ii. 119-125 (1470).</p> + +<p><b>Al'ison</b>, the young wife of John, a rich old miserly carpenter. +Absolon, a priggish parish clerk, paid her attention, but she herself +loved a poor scholar named Nicholas, lodging in her husband's house. +Fair she was, and her body lithe as a weasel. She had a rouguish eye, +small eyebrows, was "long as a mast and upright as a bolt," more +"pleasant to look on than a flowering pear tree," and her skin "was +softer than the wool of a wether."—Chaucer, "The Miller's Tale," +<i>Canterbury Tales</i>, (1388).</p> + +<p><i>Al'ison</i>, in sir W. Scott's <i>Kenilworth</i>, is an old domestic in the +service of the earl of Leicester at Cumnor Place.</p> + +<p><b>Al'ken</b>, an old shepherd, who instructs Robin Hood's men how to find +a witch, and how she is to be hunted.—Ben Jonson, <i>The Sad Shepherd</i> +(1637).</p> + +<p><b>All's Well that Ends Well</b>, a comedy by Shakespeare (1598). The hero +and heroine are Bertram of Rousillon, and Hel'ena a physician's +daughter, who are married by the command of the king of France, but part +because Bertram thought the lady not sufficiently well-born for him. +Ultimately, however, all ends well.—(See HELENA.)</p> + +<p>The story of this play is from Painter's <i>Gilletta of Narbon</i>.</p> + +<p><b>All the Talents</b> Administration, formed by lord Grenville, in 1806, +on the death of William Pitt. The members were lord Grenville, the earl +Fitzwilliam, viscount Sidmouth, Charles James Fox, earl Spencer, William +Windham, lord Erskine, sir Charles Grey, lord Minto, lord Auckland, lord +Moira, Sheridan, Richard Fitzpatrick, and lord Ellenborough. It was +dissolved in 1807.</p> + +On "all the talents" vent your venal spleen.<br> + +<p>Byron, <i>English Bards and Scotch Reviewers</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Allan</b>, lord of Ravenswood, a decayed Scotch nobleman.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>The Bride of Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p> + +<p><i>Al'lan (Mrs.)</i>, colonel Mannering's housekeeper at Woodburne.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><i>Al'lan</i> [Breck Cameron], the sergeant sent to arrest Hamish Bean +McTavish, by whom he is shot. Sir W. Scott, <i>The Highland Widow</i> (time, +George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Allan-a-Dale</b>, one of Robin Hood's men, introduced by sir W. Scott +in <i>Ivanhoe</i>. (See ALLIN-A-DALE.)</p> + +<p><b>Allan Quartermain</b>, hunter and traveller whose adventures are +recorded in <i>She, King Solomon's Mines</i>, and <i>Allan Quartermain</i>, by W. +Rider Haggard (1886-1891).</p> + +<p><b>Alle'gre</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the faithful servant of Philip Chabot. When +Chabot was accused of treason, Allegre was put to the rack to make him +confess something to his master's damage, but the brave fellow was true +as steel, and it was afterwards shown that the accusation had no +foundation but jealousy.—G. Chapman and J. Shirley, <i>The Tragedy of +Philip Chabot</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Allen</b> (<i>Ralph</i>), the friend of Pope, and benefactor of Fielding.</p> + +Let humble Allen, with an awkward shame,<br> +Do good by stealth, and blush to find it fame.<br> + +<p>Pope.</p> + +<p><i>Allen (Long)</i>, a soldier in the "guards" of king Richard I.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>The Talisman</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Allen (Major)</i>, an officer in the duke of Monmouth's army.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Old Mortality</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>All-Fair</b>, a princess, who was saved from the two lions (which +guarded the Desert Fairy) by the Yellow Dwarf, on condition that she +would become his wife. On her return home she hoped to evade this +promise by marrying the brave king of the Gold Mines, but on the wedding +day Yellow Dwarf carried her off on a Spanish cat, and confined her in +Steel Castle. Here Gold Mine came to her rescue with a magic sword, but +in his joy at finding her, he dropped his sword, and was stabbed to the +heart with it by Yellow Dwarf. All-Fair, falling on the body of her +lover, died of a broken heart. The syren changed the dead lovers into +two palm trees.—Comtesse D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> ("The Yellow Dwarf," +1682). <b>Allin-a-Dale</b> or <b>Allen-a-Dale</b>, of Nottinghamshire, was +to be married to a lady who returned his love, but her parents compelled +her to forego young Allin for an old knight of wealth. Allin told his +tale to Robin Hood, and the bold forester, in the disguise of a harper, +went to the church where the wedding ceremony was to take place. When +the wedding party stepped in, Robin Hood exclaimed, "This is no fit +match; the bride shall be married only to the man of her choice." Then, +sounding his horn, Allin-a-Dale with four and twenty bowmen entered the +church. The bishop refused to marry the woman to Allin till the banns +had been asked three times, whereupon Robin pulled off the bishop's +gown, and invested Little John in it, who asked the banns seven times, +and performed the ceremony.—<i>Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale</i> (a ballad).</p> + +<p><b>All'it.</b> Captain of Nebuchadrezzar's guards in <i>The Master of the +Magicians</i>, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and Herbert D. Ward. He is +flattered and content to be the queen's favorite until he meets Lalitha, +a Jewish damsel. He braves death to save her from runaway horses +attached to a chariot, is captivated by her beauty, and forgets his +royal mistress in an honorable love (1890).</p> + +<p><b>Allnut</b> (<i>Noll</i>), landlord of the Swan, Lambythe Ferry (1625).</p> + +<p><i>Grace Allnut</i>, his wife.</p> + +<p><i>Oliver Allnut</i>, the landlord's son.—Sterling, <i>John Felton</i> (1852).</p> + +<p><b>Allworth</b> (<i>Lady</i>), stepmother to Tom Allworth. Sir Giles Overreach +thought she would marry his nephew Wellborn, but she married lord Lovel.</p> + +<p><i>Tom Allworth</i>, stepson of lady Allworth, in love with Margaret +Overreach, whom he marries.—Massinger, <i>A New Way to pay Old Debts</i> +(1625).</p> + +<p><b>All'worthy</b>, in Fielding's <i>Tom Jones</i>, a man of sturdy rectitude, +large charity, infinite modesty, independent spirit, and untiring +philanthropy, with an utter disregard of money or fame. Fielding's +friend, Ralph Allen, was the academy figure of this character.</p> + +<p><b>Alma</b> (<i>the human soul</i>) queen of a Castle, which for seven years +was beset by a rabble rout. Arthur and sir Guyon were conducted by Alma +over this castle, which though not named is intended to represent the +human body.—Spenser, <i>The Faërie Queene</i>, ii. 9 (1590).</p> + +<p><b>Almansor</b> ("<i>the invincible</i>"), a title +assumed by several Mussulman princes, as +by the second caliph of the Abbasside +dynasty, named Abou Giafar Abdallah +(<i>the invincible</i>, or <i>al mansor</i>). Also by the +famous captain of the Moors in Spain, +named Mohammed. In Africa, Yacoubal-Modjahed +was entitled "<i>al mansor</i>," a royal +name of dignity given to the kings of Fez, +Morocco, and Algiers.</p> + +The kingdoms of Almansor, Fez, and Sus,<br> +Marocco and Algiers.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, xi. 403 (1665).</span><br> + +<p><b>Almanzor</b>, the caliph, wishing to found a city in a certain spot, +was told by a hermit named Bag dad that a man called Moclas was destined +to be its founder. "I am that man," said the caliph, and he then told +the hermit how in his boyhood he once stole a bracelet and pawned it, +whereupon his nurse ever after called him "Moclas" (<i>thief</i>). Almanzor +founded the city, and called it Bag dad, the name of the +hermit.—Marigny.</p> + +<p><i>Alman'zor</i>, in Dryden's tragedy of <i>The Conquest of Grana'da</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Alman'zor</i>, lackey of Madelon and her cousin Cathos, the affected fine +ladies in Molière's comedy of <i>Les Précieuses Ridicules</i> (1659).</p> + +<p><b>Almavi'va</b>, (<i>Count</i>), in <i>The Marriage of Figaro</i> and <i>The Barber +of Seville</i> by Beaumarchais. <i>The Follies of a Day</i> by T. Holcroft +(1745-1809) is borrowed from Beaumarchais.</p> + +<p><b>Alme'ria</b>, daughter of Manuel king of Grana'da. While captive of +Valentia, prince Alphonso fell in love with her, and being compelled to +fight, married her; but on the very day of espousal the ship in which +they were sailing was wrecked, and each thought the other had perished. +Both, however, were saved, and met unexpectedly on the coast of Granada, +to which Alphonso was brought as a captive. Here Alphonso, under the +assumed name of Osmyn, was imprisoned, but made his escape, and at the +head of an army invaded Granada, found Manuel dead, and "the mournful +bride" became converted into the joyful wife.—W. Congreve, <i>The +Mourning Bride</i> (1697).</p> + +<p><b>Almes'bury</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.). It was in a sanctuary of Almesbury that +queen Guenever took refuge, after her adulterous passion for sir +Lancelot was made known to the king. Here she died, but her body was +buried at Glastonbury.</p> + +<p><b>Almey'da,</b> the Portuguese governor of India. In his engagement with +the united fleets of Cambaya and Egypt, he had his legs and thighs +shattered by chain-shot, but instead of retreating to the back, he had +himself bound to the shipmast, where he "waved his sword to cheer on the +combatants," till he died from loss of blood.</p> + +<p>Similar stories are told of admiral Benbow, Cynaegeros brother of the +poet Æschylos, Jaafer who carried the sacred banner of "the prophet" in +the battle of Muta, and of some others.</p> + +Whirled by the cannons' rage, in shivers torn,<br> +His thighs far scattered o'er the waves are borne;<br> +Bound to the mast the godlike hero stands,<br> +Waves his proud sword and cheers his woeful hands:<br> +Tho' winds and seas their wonted aid deny,<br> +To yield he knows not; but he knows to die.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 7em;">Camoens, <i>Lusiad</i>, x. (1569).</span><br> + +<p><b>Almirods</b> (<i>The</i>), a rebellions people, who refused to submit to +prince Pantag'ruel after his subjugation of Anarchus king of the +Dipsodes (2 <i>syl</i>). It was while Pantagruel was marching against these +rebels that a tremendous shower of rain fell, and the prince, putting +out his tongue "halfway," sheltered his whole army.—Rabelais, +<i>Pantagruel</i>, ii. 32 (1533).</p> + +<p><b>Alnas'char</b>, the dreamer, the "barber's fifth brother." He invested +all his money in a basket of glassware, on which he was to gain so much, +and then to invest again and again, till he grew so rich that he would +marry the vizier's daughter and live in grandeur; but being angry with +his supposed wife, he gave a kick with his foot and smashed all the ware +which had given birth to his dream of wealth.—<i>The Arabian Nights' +Entertainments</i>.</p> + +<p><i>The Alnaschar of Modern Literature</i>, S.T. Coleridge, so called because +he was constantly planning magnificent literary enterprises which he +never carried out (1772-1834).</p> + +<p><b>Aloa'din</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), a sorcerer, who made for himself a palace and +garden in Arabia called "The Earthly Paradise." Thalaba slew him with a +club, and the scene of enchantment disappeared.—Southey, <i>Thalaba the +Destroyer</i>, vii. (1797).</p> + +<p><b>Alon'so</b>, king of Naples, father of Ferdinand and brother of +Sebastian, in <i>The Tempest</i>, by Shakespeare (1609).</p> + +<p><b>Alonzo</b> <i>the brave</i>, the name of a ballad +by M.G. Lewis. The fair Imogene was betrothed +to Alonzo, but during his absence +in the wars became the bride of another. +At the wedding-feast Alonzo's ghost sat +beside the bride, and, after rebuking her +for her infidelity, carried her off to the +grave.</p> + +Alonzo the brave was the name of the knight;<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The maid was the fair Imogene.</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 14em;">M.G. Lewis.</span><br> + +<p><i>Alon'zo</i>, a Portuguese gentleman, the sworn enemy of the vainglorious +Duarte (3 <i>syl</i>.), in the drama called <i>The Custom of the Country</i>, by +Beaumont and Fletcher (1647).</p> + +<p><i>Alonzo</i>, the husband of Cora. He is a brave Peruvian knight, the friend +of Rolla, and beloved by king Atali'ba. Alonzo, being taken prisoner of +war, is set at liberty by Rolla, who changes clothes with him. At the +end he fights with Pizarro and kills him.—Sheridan, <i>Pizarro</i> (altered +from Kotzebue).</p> + +<p><i>Alonzo (Don)</i>, "the conqueror of Afric," friend of don Carlos, and +husband of Leonora. Don Carlos had been betrothed to Leonora, but out of +friendship resigned her to the conqueror. Zanga, the Moor, out of +revenge, persuaded Alonzo that his wife and don Carlos still entertained +for each other their former love, and out of jealousy Alonzo has his +friend put to death, while Leonora makes away with herself. Zanga now +informs Alonzo that his jealousy was groundless, and mad with grief he +kills himself.—Edw. Young, <i>The Revenge</i> (1721).</p> + +<p><b>Alonzo Fernandez de Avellaneda</b>, author of a spurious <i>Don Quixote</i>, +who makes a third sally. This was published during the lifetime of +Cervantes, and caused him great annoyance.</p> + +<p><b>Alp</b>, a Venetian renegade, who was commander of the Turkish army in +the siege of Corinth. He loved Francesca, daughter of old Minotti, +governor of Corinth, but she refused to marry a renegade and apostate. +Alp was shot in the siege, and Francesca died of a broken heart.—Byron, +<i>Siege of Corinth</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Alphe'us</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a magician and prophet in the army of +Charlemagne, slain in sleep by Clorida'no.—Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> +(1516).</p> + +<p><i>Alphe'us</i> (3 <i>syl</i>.), of classic story, being passionately in love with +Arethu'sa, pursued her, but she fled from him in a fright, and was +changed by Diana into a fountain, which bears her name.</p> + +<p><b>Alphon'so</b>, an irascible old lord in <i>The Pilgrim</i>, a comedy by +Beaumont and Fletcher (1621).</p> + +<p><i>Alphon'so</i>, king of Naples, deposed by his brother Frederick. Sora'no +tried to poison him, but did not succeed. Ultimately he recovered his +crown, and Frederick and Sorano were sent to a monastery for the rest of +their lives.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>A Wife for a Month</i> (1624).</p> + +<p><i>Alphonso</i>, son of count Pedro of Cantabria, +afterwards king of Spain. He was +plighted to Hermesind, daughter of lord +Pelayo.</p> + +The young Alphonso was in truth an heir<br> +Of nature's largest patrimony; rich<br> +In form and feature, growing strength of limb,<br> +A gentle heart, a soul affectionate,<br> +A joyous spirit, filled with generous thoughts,<br> +And genius heightening and ennobling all.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Southey, <i>Roderick, etc.</i>, viii. (1814).</span><br> + +<p><b>Alqui'fe</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a famous enchanter in <i>Amadis of Gaul</i>, +by Vasco de Lobeira, of Oporto, who died 1403.</p> + +<p>La Noue denounces such beneficent enchanters as Alquife and Urganda, +because they serve "as a vindication of those who traffic with the +powers of darkness."—Francis de la Noue, <i>Discourses</i>, 87 (1587).</p> + +<p><b>Alrinach</b>, the demon who causes shipwrecks, and presides over storms +and earthquakes. When visible it is always in the form and dress of a +woman.—<i>Eastern Mythology</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Alscrip</b> (<i>Miss</i>), "the heiress," a vulgar <i>parvenue</i>, affected, +conceited, ill-natured, and ignorant. Having had a fortune left her, she +assumes the airs of a woman of fashion, and exhibits the follies without +possessing the merits of the upper ten.</p> + +<p><i>Mr. Alscrip</i>, the vulgar father of "the heiress," who finds the +grandeur of sudden wealth a great bore, and in his new mansion, Berkeley +Square, sighs for the snug comforts he once enjoyed as scrivener in +Furnival's Inn.—General Burgoyne, <i>The Heiress</i> (1781).</p> + +<p><b>Al'tamont</b>, a young Genoese lord, who marries Calista, daughter of +lord Sciol'to (3 <i>syl</i>). On his wedding day he discovers that his bride +has been seduced by Lotha'rio, and a duel ensues, in which Lothario is +killed, whereupon Calista stabs herself.—N. Rowe, <i>The Fair Penitent</i> +(1703). (Rowe makes Sciolto three syllables always.)</p> + +<p><b>Altamo'rus</b>, king of Samarcand', who joined the Egyptian armament +against the crusaders. He surrendered himself to Godfrey (bk. +xx.).—Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p> + +<p><b>Altascar</b> (<i>Señor</i>). A courtly old Spaniard in Bret Harte's Notes by +<i>Flood and Field</i>. He is dispossessed of his corral in the Sacramento +Valley by a party of government surveyors, who have come to correct +boundaries (1878).</p> + +<p><b>Altemera.</b> Typical far-southern girl, with a lovely face, creamy +skin, and a "lazy sweet voice," who takes the leading part in Annie +Eliot's <i>An Hour's Promise</i> (1888).</p> + +<p><b>Althaea's Brand.</b> The Fates told Althaea that her son Melea'ger +would live just as long as a log of wood then on the fire remained +unconsumed. Althaea contrived to keep the log unconsumed for many years, +but when her son killed her two brothers, she threw it angrily into the +fire, where it was quickly consumed, and Meleager expired at the same +time.—Ovid, <i>Metaph</i>. viii. 4.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The fatal brand Althaea burned.</span><br> +Shakespeare, 2 <i>Henry VI</i>. act i. sc. 1 (1591).<br> + +<p><b>Althe'a</b> (<i>The divine</i>), of Richard Lovelace, was Lucy Saeheverell, +also called by the poet, <i>Lucasta</i>.</p> + +When love with unconfinèd wings<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hovers within my gates,</span><br> +And my divine Althea brings<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To whisper at my grates.</span><br> + +<p>(The "grates" here referred to were those of a prison in which Lovelace +was confined by the Long Parliament, for his petition from Kent in favor +of the king.)</p> + +<p><b>Altheetar</b>, one of the seven bridegrooms of Lopluël, condemned to +die successively, by a malignant spirit. He is young, beautiful, and +endowed with rare gifts of soul and mind. While singing to her, his lyre +falls from his hand and he dies in her arms, her loosened hair falling +about him as a shroud.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">"So calm, so fair,</span><br> +He rested on the purple, tapestried floor,<br> +It seemed an angel lay reposing there."<br> + +<p><i>Lopluel, or the Bride of Seven</i>, by Maria del Occidente (Maria Gowen +Brooks) (1833).</p> + +<p><b>Altisido'ra</b>, one of the duchess's servants, who pretends to be in +love with don Quixote, and serenades him. The don sings his response +that he has no other love than what he gives to his Dulcin'ea, and while +he is still singing he is assailed by a string of cats, let into the +room by a rope. As the knight is leaving the mansion, Altisidora accuses +him of having stolen her garters, but when the knight denies the charge, +the damsel protests that she said so in her distraction, for her garters +were not stolen. "I am like the man looking for his mule at the time he +was astride its back."—Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, II. iii. 9, etc.; iv. +5 (1615).</p> + +<p><b>Al'ton</b> (<i>Miss</i>), <i>alias</i> Miss CLIFFORD, a sweet, modest young lady, +the companion of Miss Alscrip, "the heiress," a vulgar, conceited +<i>parvenue</i>. Lord Gayville is expected to marry "the heiress," but +detests her, and loves Miss Alton, her humble companion. It turns out +that £2000 a year of "the heiress's" fortune belongs to Mr. Clifford +(Miss Alton's brother), and is by him settled on his sister. Sir Clement +Flint destroys this bond, whereby the money returns to Clifford, who +marries lady Emily Gayville, and sir Clement settles the same on his +nephew, lord Gayville, who marries Miss Alton.—General Burgoyne, <i>The +Heiress</i> (1781).</p> + +<p><b>Al'ton Locke</b>, tailor and poet, a novel by the Rev. Charles Kingsley +(1850). This novel won for the author the title of "The Chartist +Clergyman."</p> + +<p><b>Alvira Roberts</b>, hired "girl" and faithful retainer of the Fairchild +family. For many years she and Milton Squires, the hired man, have "kept +company." In his prosperity he deserts her. When he is convicted of +murder, she kisses him. "Ef 'twas the last thing I ever done in my life, +I'd dew it. We was—engaged—once't on a time!"—<i>Seth's Brother's +Wife</i>, by Harold Frederic (1886).</p> + +<p><b>Alzir'do</b>, king of Trem'izen, in Africa, overthrown by Orlando in +his march to join the allied army of Ag'ramant.—Ariosto, <i>Orlando +Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Am'adis of Gaul</b>, a love-child of king Per'ion and the princess +Elize'na. He is the hero of a famous prose romance of chivalry, the +first four books of which are attributed to Lobeira, of Portugal (died +1403). These books were translated into Spanish in 1460 by Montal'vo, +who added the fifth book. The five were rendered into French by +Herberay, who increased the series to twenty-four books. Lastly, Gilbert +Saunier added seven more volumes, and called the entire series <i>Le Roman +des Romans</i>.</p> + +<p>Whether Amadis was French or British is disputed. Some maintain that +"Gaul" means <i>Wales</i>, not France; that Elizena was princess of +<i>Brittany</i> (Bretagne), and that Perion was king of Gaul (<i>Wales</i>), not +Gaul <i>(France).</i></p> + +Amadis de Gaul was a tall man, of a fair complexion,<br> +his aspect something between mild and<br> +austere, and had a handsome black beard. He<br> +was a person of very few words, was not easily<br> +provoked, and was soon appeased.—Cervantes,<br> +<i>Don Quixote</i>, II. i. 1 (1615).<br> + +<p>As Arthur is the central figure of British romance, Charlemagne of +French, and Diderick of German, so Amadis is the central figure of +Spanish and Portuguese romance; but there is this difference—the tale +of Amadis is a connected whole, terminating with his marriage with +Oria'na, the intervening parts being only the obstacles he encountered +and overcame in obtaining this consummation. In the Arthurian romances, +and those of the Charlemagne series, we have a number of adventures of +different heroes, but there is no unity of purpose; each set of +adventures is complete in itself.</p> + +<p><b>Ama'dis of Greece</b>, a supplemental part of <i>Amadis of Gaul</i>, by +Felicia'no de Silva. There are also several other Amadises—as Amadis of +Colchis, Amadis of Trebisond, Amadis of Cathay, but all these are very +inferior to the original <i>Amadis of Gaul</i>.</p> +<br> + +<p>The ancient fables, whose relickes doe yet remain, +namely, <i>Lancelot of the Lake, Pierceforest, +Tristram, Giron the Courteous</i>, etc., doe beare witnesse +of this odde vanitie. Herewith were men +fed for the space of 500 yeeres, untill our language +growing more polished, and our minds +more ticklish, they were driven to invent some +novelties wherewith to delight us. Thus came +ye bookes of Amadis into light among us in this +last age.—Francis de la Noue, <i>Discourses</i>, 87 +(1587).</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Amai'mon</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), one of the principal devils. Asmode'us is one +of his lieutenants. Shakespeare twice refers to him, in 1 <i>Henry IV.</i> +act ii. sc. 4, and in <i>The Merry Wives of Windsor</i>, act ii. sc. 2.</p> + +<p><b>Amal'ahta</b>, son of Erill'yab the deposed queen of the Hoamen (2 +<i>syl</i>.), an Indian tribe settled on the south of the Missouri. He is +described as a brutal savage, wily, deceitful, and cruel. Amalahta +wished to marry the princess Goer'vyl, Madoc's sister, and even seized +her by force, but was killed in his flight.—Southey, <i>Madoc</i>, ii. 16 +(1805).</p> + +<p><b>Amalthae'a</b>, the sibyl who offered to sell to Tarquin nine books of +prophetic oracles. When the king refused to give her the price demanded, +she went away, burnt three of them, and returning to the king, demanded +the same price for the remaining six. Again the king declined the +purchase. The sibyl, after burning three more of the volumes, demanded +the original sum for the remaining three. Tarquin paid the money, and +Amalthaea was never more seen. Aulus Gellius says that Amalthaea burnt +the books in the king's presence. Pliny affirms that the original number +of volumes was only three, two of which the sibyl burnt, and the third +was purchased by king Tarquin.</p> + +<p><b>Amalthe'a</b>, a mistress of Ammon and mother of Bacchus. Ammon hid his +mistress in the island Nysa (in Africa), in order to elude the vigilance +and jealousy of his wife Rhea. This account (given by Diodorus Sic'ulus, +bk. iii., and by sir Walter Raleigh in his <i>History of the World</i>, I. +vi. 5) differs from the ordinary story, which makes Sem'elê the mother +of Bacchus, and Rhea his nurse. (Ammon is Ham or Cham, the son of Noah, +founder of the African race.)</p> + +... that Nyseian ile,<br> +Girt with the river Triton, where old Cham<br> +(Whom Gentiles Ammon call, and Libyan Jove)<br> +Hid Amalthea and her florid son,<br> +Young Bacchus, from his stepdame Rhea's eye.<br> + +<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, iv. 275 (1665).</p> + +<p><b>Amanda</b>, wife of Loveless. Lord Foppington pays her amorous +attentions, but she utterly despises the conceited coxcomb, and treats +him with contumely. Colonel Townly, in order to pique his lady-love, +also pays attention to Loveless's wife, but she repels his advances with +indignation, and Loveless, who overhears her, conscious of his own +shortcomings, resolves to reform his ways, and, "forsaking all other," +to remain true to Amanda, "so long as they both should live."—Sheridan, +<i>A Trip to Scarborough</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Aman'da</i>, in Thomson's <i>Seasons</i>, is meant for Miss Young, who married +admiral Campbell.</p> + +And thou, Amanda, come, pride of my song!<br> +Formed by the Graces, loveliness itself.<br> + +<p>"Spring," 480, 481 (1728).</p> + +<p><i>Amanda</i>, the victim of Peregrine Pickle's seduction, in Smollett's +novel of <i>Peregrine Pickle</i> (1751).</p> + +<p><i>Amanda</i>, worldly woman in Julia Ward Howe's poem, <i>Amanda's Inventory</i>, +who sums up her wealth and honors, and is forced to conclude the list +with death (1866).</p> + +<p><b>Amaran'ta</b>, wife of Bar'tolus, the covetous lawyer. She was wantonly +loved by Leandro, a Spanish gentleman.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The +Spanish Curate</i> (1622).</p> + +<p><b>Am'aranth</b> (<i>Lady</i>), in <i>Wild Oats</i>, by John O'Keefe, a famous part +of Mrs. Pope (1740-1797).</p> + +<p><b>Amaril'lis</b>, a shepherdess in love with Per'igot (<i>t</i> sounded), but +Perigot loved Am'oret. In order to break off this affection, Amarillis +induced "the sullen shepherd" to dip her in "the magic well," whereby +she became transformed into the perfect resemblance of her rival, and +soon effectually disgusted Perigot with her bold and wanton conduct. +When afterwards he met the true Amoret, he repulsed her, and even +wounded her with intent to kill. Ultimately, the trick was discovered by +Cor'in, "the faithful shepherdess," and Perigot was married to his true +love.—John Fletcher, <i>The Faithful Shepherd</i> (1610).</p> + +<p><b>Amaryllis</b>, in Spenser's pastoral <i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again</i>, +was the countess of Derby. Her name was Alice, and she was the youngest +of the six daughters of sir John Spenser, of Althorpe, ancestor of the +noble houses of Spenser and Marlborough. After the death of the earl, +the widow married sir Thomas Egerton, keeper of the Great Seal +(afterwards baron of Ellesmere and viscount Brackley). It was for this +very lady, during her widowhood, that Milton wrote his <i>Ar'cades</i> (3 +<i>syl</i>.).</p> + +No less praiseworthy are the sisters three,<br> +The honour of the noble family<br> +Of which I meanest boast myself to be ...<br> +Phyllis, Charyllis, and sweet Amaryllis:<br> +Phyllis the fair is eldest of the three,<br> +The next to her is bountiful Charyllis,<br> +But th' youngest is the highest in degree.<br> + +<p>Spenser, <i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again</i> (1594).</p> + +<p><b>Am'asisi</b>, <i>Amosis</i>, or <i>Aah'mes</i> (3 <i>syl</i>.), founder of the +eighteenth Egyptian dynasty (B.C. 1610). Lord Brooke attributes to him +one of the pyramids. The three chief pyramids are usually ascribed to +Suphis (or Cheops), Sen-Suphis (or Cephrenês), and Mencherês, all of the +fourth dynasty.</p> + +Amasis and Cheops how can time forgive.<br> +Who in their useless pyramids would live?<br> + +<p>Lord Brooke, <i>Peace</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Amateur</b> (<i>An</i>), Pierce Egan the younger published under this +pseudonym his <i>Real Life in London</i>, or <i>The Rambles and Adventures of +Rob Tally-ho, Esq., and his Cousin, the Hon. Tom Dashall, through the +Metropolis</i> (1821-2).</p> + +<p><b>Amaurots</b> (<i>The</i>), a people whose kingdom was invaded by the +Dipsodes (2 <i>syl</i>.), but Pantag'ruel, coming to their defence, utterly +routed the invaders.—Rabelais, <i>Pantagruel</i>, ii. (1533).</p> + +<p><b>Ama'via</b>, the personification of Intemperance in grief. Hearing +that her husband, sir Mordant, had been enticed to the Bower of Bliss by +the enchantress Acra'sia, she went in quest of him, and found him so +changed in mind and body she could scarcely recognize him; however, she +managed by tact to bring him away, but he died on the road, and Amavia +stabbed herself from excessive grief.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, ii. 1 +(1590).</p> + +<p><b>Amazo'na</b>, a fairy, who freed a certain country from the Ogri and +the Blue Centaur. When she sounded her trumpet, the sick were recovered +and became both young and strong. She gave the princess Carpil'lona a +bunch of gilly-flowers, which enabled her to pass unrecognized before +those who knew her well.—Comtesse D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> ("The Princess +Carpillona," 1682).</p> + +<p><b>Amazons</b>, a fabled race of women-warriors. It was said that in order +to use the bow, they cut off one of their breasts.</p> + +<p><b>Amber</b>, said to be a concretion of birds' tears, but the birds were +the sisters of Melea'ger, called Meleag'ridês, who never ceased weeping +for their dead brother.—Pliny, <i>Natural History</i>, xxxvii. 2, 11.</p> + +Around thee shall glisten the loveliest amber.<br> +That ever the sorrowing sea-birds have wept.<br> + +<p>T. Moore, <i>Fire-Worshippers</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Am'brose</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a sharper, who assumed in the presence of Gil +Blas the character of a devotee. He was in league with a fellow who +assumed the name of don Raphael, and a young woman who called herself +Camilla, cousin of donna Mencia. These three sharpers allure Gil Blas to +a house which Camilla says is hers, fleece him of his ring, his +portmanteau, and his money, decamp, and leave him to find out that the +house is only a hired lodging.—Lesage, <i>Gil Blas</i>, i. 15, 16 (1715).</p> + +<p>(This incident is borrowed from Espinel's romance entitled <i>Vida de +Escudero, marcos de Obregon</i>, 1618.)</p> + +<p><i>Am'brose</i> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a male domestic servant waiting on Miss Seraphine +and Miss Angelica Arthuret.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George +II.).</p> + +<p><i>Ambrose (Brother)</i>, a monk who attended the prior Aymer, of Jorvaulx +Abbey.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><i>Am'brosius (Father)</i>, abbot of Kennaquhair, is Edward Glendinning, +brother of sir Halbert Glendinning (the knight of Avenel). He appears at +Kinross, disguised as a nobleman's retainer.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Abbot</i> +(time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><b>Ame'lia</b>, heroine of novel of same name. Young daughter of a German +inn-keeper, who rises to a high position in society, through native +merit, graces of mind and person.—Eliza Leslie (1843).</p> + +<p><i>Ame'lia</i>, a model of conjugal affection, in Fielding's novel so called. +It is said that the character was modelled from his own wife. Dr. +Johnson read this novel from beginning to end without once stopping.</p> +<br> + +<p><i>Amelia</i> is perhaps the only book of which, +being printed off betimes one morning, a new +edition was called for before night. The character +of Amelia is the most pleasing heroine of +all the romances.—Dr. Johnson.</p> +<br> + +<p><i>Ame'lia</i>, in Thomson's <i>Seasons</i>, a beautiful, innocent young woman, +overtaken by a storm while walking with her troth-plight lover, +Cel'adon, "with equal virtue formed, and equal grace. Hers the mild +lustre of the blooming morn, and his the radiance of the risen day." +Amelia grew frightened, but Celadon said, "'Tis safety to be near thee, +sure;" when a flash of lightning struck her dead in his arms.—"Summer" +(1727).</p> + +<p><i>Amelia</i>, in Schiller's tragedy of <i>The Robbers</i>.</p> + +Or they will learn how generous worth sublimes<br> +The robber Moor, and pleads for all his crimes;<br> +How poor Amelia kissed with many a tear<br> +His hand, blood-stained, but ever, ever dear.<br> + +<p>Campbell, <i>Pleasures of Hope</i>, ii. (1799).</p> + +<p><i>Amelia Bailey</i>, ambitious woman with "literary tastes," who in pursuit +of a suitable sphere, marries a rich Californian, and "shines with the +diamonds her husband has bought, and makes a noise, but it is the blare +of vulgar ostentation,"—William Henry Rideing, <i>A Little Upstart</i> +(1885).</p> + +<p><b>Amelot</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), the page of sir Damian de Lacy.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p> + +<p><b>Am'giad</b>, son of Camaralzaman and Badoura, and half-brother of Assad +(son of Camaralzaman and Haiatal'nefous). Each of the two mothers +conceived a base passion for the other's son, and when the young princes +revolted at their advances, accused them to their father of designs upon +their honor. Camaralzaman ordered his emir Giondar to put them both to +death, but as the young men had saved him from a lion he laid no hand on +them, but told them not to return to their father's dominions. They +wandered on for a time, and then parted, but both reached the same +place, which was a city of the Magi. Here, by a strange adventure Amgiad +was made vizier, while Assad was thrown into a dungeon, where he was +designed as a sacrifice to the fire-god. Bosta'na, a daughter of the old +man who imprisoned Assad, released him, and Amgiad out of gratitude made +her his wife. After which, the king, who was greatly advanced in years, +appointed him his successor, and Amgiad used his best efforts to +abolish the worship of fire and establish "the true faith."—<i>Arabian +Nights</i> ("Amgiad and Assad").</p> + +<p><b>Am'yas</b>, a squire of low degree, beloved by Aemylia. They agreed to +meet at a given spot, but on their way thither both were taken +captives—Amyas by Corflambo, and Aemylia by a man monster. Aemylia was +released by Belphoebê (3 <i>syl</i>.), who slew "the caitiff;" and Amyas by +prince Arthur, who slew Corflambo. The two lovers were then brought +together by the prince "in peace and joyous blis."—Spenser, <i>Faëry +Queen</i>, iv. 7, 9 (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Ami'das</b>, the younger brother of Brac'idas, sons of Mile'sio; the +former in love with the dowerless Lucy, and the latter with the wealthy +Philtra. The two brothers had each an island of equal size and value +left them by their father, but the sea daily added to the island of the +younger brother, and encroached on that belonging to Bracidas. When +Philtra saw that the property of Amidas was daily increasing, she +forsook the elder brother and married the wealthier; while Lucy, seeing +herself jilted, threw herself into the sea. A floating chest attracted +her attention, she clung to it, and was drifted to the wasted island. It +was found to contain great riches, and Lucy gave its contents and +herself to Bracidas. Amidas claimed the chest as his own by right, and +the question in dispute was submitted to sir Ar'tegal. The wise arbiter +decided, that whereas Armidas claimed as his own all the additions given +to his island by the sea, Lucy might claim as her own the chest, because +the sea had given it to her.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, v. 4 (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Am'iel</b>, in Dryden's <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, is meant for sir +Edward Seymour, Speaker of the House of Commons.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Who can Amiel's praise refuse?</span><br> +Of ancient race by birth, but nobler yet<br> +In his own worth, and without title great.<br> +The sanhedrim long time as chief he ruled,<br> +Their reason guided, and their passion cooled.<br> + +<p>Part i.</p> + +<p><b>A'min</b> (<i>Prince</i>), son of the caliph Haroun-al-Raschid; he married +Am'inê, sister of Zobeide (3 <i>syl</i>.), the caliph's wife.—<i>Arabian +Nights' Entertainments</i> ("The History of Amine").</p> + +<p><i>Am'ina</i>, an orphan, who walked in her sleep. She was betrothed to +Elvi'no, a rich farmer, but being found the night before the wedding in +the chamber of count Rodolpho, Elvino rightly refused to marry her. The +count remonstrated with the young farmer, and while they were talking, +the orphan was seen to get out of a window and walk along the narrow +edge of a mill-roof while the great wheel was rapidly revolving; she +then crossed a crazy old bridge, and came into the same chamber. Here +she awoke, and, seeing Elvino, threw her arms around him so lovingly, +that all his doubts vanished, and he married her.—Bellini, <i>La +Sonnambula</i> (an opera, 1831).</p> + +<p><b>Am'ine</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), half-sister of Zobei'dè (3 <i>syl</i>.), and wife of +Amin, the caliph's son. One day she went to purchase a robe, and the +seller told her he would charge nothing if she would suffer him to kiss +her cheek. Instead of kissing he bit it, and Amine, being asked by her +husband how she came by the wound, so shuffled in her answers that he +commanded her to be put to death, a sentence he afterwards commuted to +scourging. One day she and her sister told the stories of their lives to +the caliph Haroun-al-Raschid, when Amin became reconciled to his wife, +and the caliph married her half-sister.—<i>Arabian Nights'Entertainments</i> +("History of Zobeide and History of Amine").</p> + +<p><b>Am'ine</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.) or <b>Am'ines</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the beautiful wife of +Sidi Nouman. Instead of eating her rice with a spoon, she used a bodkin +for the purpose, and carried it to her mouth in infinitesimal portions. +This went on for some time, till Sidi Nouman determined to ascertain on +what his wife really fed, and to his horror discovered that she was a +ghoul, who went stealthily by night to the cemetery, and feasted on the +freshly-buried dead.—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("History of Sidi Nouman").</p> + +One of the Aminês' sort, who pick up their<br> +grains of food with a bodkin.—O.W. Holmes,<br> +<i>Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Amin'tor</b>, a young nobleman, the troth-plight husband of Aspatia, +but by the king's command he marries Evad'ne (3 <i>syl</i>.). This is the +great event of the tragedy of which Amintor is the hero. The sad story +of Evadne, the heroine, gives name to the play.—Beaumont and Fletcher, +<i>The Maid's Tragedy</i> (1610).</p> + +<p>(Till the reign of Charles II., the kings of England claimed the feudal +right of disposing in marriage any one who owed them feudal allegiance. +In <i>All's Well that Ends Well</i>, Shakespeare makes the king of France +exercise a similar right, when he commands Bertram, count of Rousillon, +to marry against his will Hel'ena, the physician's daughter.)</p> + +<p><b>Amis the Priest</b>, the hero of a comic German epic of the 13th +century, represented as an Englishman, a man of great wit and humor, but +ignorant and hypocritical. His popularity excites the envy of the +superior clergy, who seek to depose him from the priesthood by making +public exposition of his ignorance, but by his quickness at repartee he +always manages to turn the laugh against them.—Ascribed to Stricker +of Austria.</p> + +<p><b>Am'let</b> (<i>Richard</i>), the gamester in Vanbrugh's <i>Confederacy</i> +(1695). He is usually called "Dick."</p> +<br> + +<p>I saw Miss Pope for the second time, in the +year 1790, in the character of "Flippanta," John +Palmer being "Dick Amlet," and Mrs. Jordan +"Corinna."—James Smith.</p> +<br> + +<p><i>Mrs. Amlet</i>, a rich, vulgar tradeswoman, mother of <i>Dick</i>, of whom she +is very proud, although she calls him a "sad scapegrace," and swears "he +will be hanged." At last she settles on him £10,000, and he marries +Corinna, daughter of Gripe the rich scrivener.</p> + +<p><b>Ammo'nian Horn</b> (<i>The</i>), the cornucopia. +Ammon king of Lib'ya gave to his +mistress Amalthe'a (mother of Bacchus) a +tract of land resembling a ram's horn in +shape, and hence called the "<i>Ammonian</i> +horn" (from the giver), the "<i>Amalthe'an</i> +horn" (from the receiver), and the "<i>Hesperian</i> +horn" (from its locality). Amalthea +also personifies fertility. (Ammon is Ham, +son of Noah, founder of the African race.) +(See AMALTHEA.)</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">[Here] Amalthea pours,</span><br> +Well pleased, the wealth of that Ammonian horn,<br> +Her dower. Akenside, <i>Hymn to the Naiads</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Am'mon's Son.</b> Alexander the Great +called himself the son of the god Ammon, +but others call him the son of Philip of +Macedon.</p> + +Of food I think with Philip's son, or rather<br> +Ammon's (ill pleased with one world and one<br> +father).<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, v. 31.</span><br> + +<p>(Alluding to the tale that when Alexander +had conquered the whole world, he wept +that there was no other world to conquer.)</p> + +<p><b>A'mon's Son</b> is Rinaldo, eldest son of Amon or Aymon marquis d'Este, +and nephew of Charlemagne.—Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Am'oret</b>, a modest, faithful shepherdess, who plighted her troth to +Per'igot (<i>t</i> sounded) at the "Virtuous Well." The wanton shepherdess +Amarillis, having by enchantment assumed her appearance and dress, so +disgusted Perigot with her bold ways, that he lost his love for the true +Amoret, repulsed her with indignation, and tried to kill her. The +deception was revealed by Cor'in, "the faithful shepherdess," and the +lovers being reconciled, were happily married.—John Fletcher, <i>The +Faithful Shepherdess</i> (before 1611).</p> + +<p><b>Amoret'ta</b> or <b>Am'oret</b>, twin-born with Belphoebê (3 <i>syl</i>.), +their mother being Chrysog'onê (4 <i>syl</i>.). While the mother and her two +babes were asleep, Diana took one (Belphoebê) to bring up, and Venus the +other. Venus committed Amoretta to the charge of Psychê (2 <i>syl</i>.), and +Psychê tended her as lovingly as she tended her own daughter Pleasure, +"to whom she became the companion." When grown to marriageable estate, +Amoretta was brought to Fairyland, and wounded many a heart, but gave +her own only to sir Scudamore (bk. iii. 6). Being seized by Bu'sirane, +an enchanter, she was kept in durance by him because she would not "her +true love deny;" but Britomart delivered her and bound the enchanter +(bk. iii. 11, 12), after which she became the tender, loving wife of sir +Scudamore.</p> + +<p><i>Amoret</i> is the type of female loveliness and wifely affection, soft, +warm, chaste, gentle, and ardent; not sensual nor yet platonic, but that +living, breathing, warm-hearted love which fits woman for the fond +mother and faithful wife.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iii. (1590).</p> + +<p><b>Amour'y</b> (<i>Sir Giles</i>), the Grand-Master of the Knights Templars, +who conspires with the marquis of Montserrat against Richard I. Saladin +cuts off the Templar's head while in the act of drinking.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>The Talisman</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Am'phibal</b> (<i>St.</i>), confessor of St. Alban of Verulam. When +Maximia'nus Hercu'lius, general of Diocle'tian's army in Britain, pulled +down the Christian churches, burnt the Holy Scriptures, and put to death +the Christians with unflagging zeal, Alban hid his confessor, and +offered to die for him.</p> + +A thousand other saints whom Amphibal had taught ...<br> +Were slain where Lichfield is, whose name doth rightly sound<br> +(There of those Christians slain), "Dead-field" or burying-ground.<br> + +<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xxiv. (1622).</p> + +<p><b>Amphi'on</b> is said to have built Thebes by the music of his lute. +Tennyson has a poem called <i>Amphion</i>, a skit and rhyming <i>jeu d'esprit</i>.</p> + +Amphion there the loud creating lyre<br> +Strikes, and behold a sudden Thebes aspire.<br> + +<p>Pope, <i>Temple of Fame</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Amphis-baena</b>, a reptile which could go head foremost either way, +because it had a head at each extremity. Milton uses the word in +<i>Paradise Lost</i>, x. 524. (Greek, <i>ampi baino</i>, "I go both ways.")</p> + +The amphis-baena doubly armed appears,<br> +At either end a threatening head she rears.<br> + +<p>Rowe, <i>Pharsalia</i>, ix. 696, etc. (by Lucan).</p> + +<p><b>Amphitryon</b>, a Theban general, husband of Alcme'nê (3 <i>syl.</i>). While +Amphitryon was absent at war with Pter'elas, king of the Tel'eboans, +Jupiter assumed his form, and visited Alcmenê, who in due time became +the mother of Her'culês. Next day Amphitryon returned, having slain +Pterelas, and Alcmenê was surprised to see him so soon again. Here a +great entanglement arose, Alcmenê telling her husband he visited her +last night, and showing him the ring he gave her, and Amphitryon +declaring he was with the army. This confusion is still further +increased by his slave Sos'ia, who went to take to Alcmenê the news of +victory, but was stopped at the door of the house by Mercury, who had +assumed for the nonce Sosia's form, and the slave could not make out +whether he was himself or not. This plot has been made a comedy by +Plautus, Molière, and Dryden.</p> + +The scenes which Plautus drew, to-night we show,<br> +Touched by Molière, by Dryden taught to glow.<br> +<br> +<i>Prologue to Hawksworth's version</i>.<br> +<br> + +<p>As an Amphitryon <i>chez qui l'on dine</i>, no one +knows better than Ouidà the uses of a <i>recherché</i> +dinner.—E. Yates, <i>Celebrities</i>, xix.</p> +<br> + +<p>"<i>Amphitryon</i>": <i>Le véritable Amphitryon est l'Amphitryon où l'on dine</i> +("The master of the feast is the master of the house"). While the +confusion was at its height between the false and true Amphitryon, +<i>Socie</i> [Sosia] the slave is requested to decide which was which, and +replied—</p> + +Je ne me trompois pas, messieurs; ce mot termine<br> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Toute l'irrésolution;</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Le véritable Amphitryon</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Est l'Amphitryon où l'on dine.</span><br> +<br> +Molière, <i>Amphitryon</i>, iii. 5 (1668).<br> + +Demosthenes and Cicero<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Are doubtless stately names to hear,</span><br> +But that of good Amphitryon<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sounds far more pleasant to my ear.</span><br> +<br> +M.A. Désaugiers (1772-1827).<br> + +<p><b>Amrah</b>, the faithful woman-servant of the household of Ben-Hur in +Lew Wallace's novel, <i>Ben-Hur</i>. Through her heroic services, Judah, the +son, finds the mother and sister from whom he has been so long separated +(1880).</p> + +<p><b>Am'ri</b>, in <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, by Dryden and Tate, is Heneage +Finch, earl of Nottingham and lord chancellor. He is called "The Father +of Equity" (1621-1682).</p> + +To whom the double blessing did belong,<br> +With Moses' inspiration, Aaron's tongue.<br> + +<p>Part ii.</p> + +<p><b>Amun'deville</b> (<i>Lord Henry</i>), one of the "British privy council." +After the sessions of parliament he retired to his country seat, where +he entertained a select and numerous party, among which were the duchess +of Fitz-Fulke, Aurora Raby, and don Juan, "the Russian envoy." His wife +was lady Adeline. (His character is given in xiv. 70, 71.)—Byron, <i>Don +Juan</i>, xiii. to end.</p> + +<p><b>Am'urath III.</b>, sixth emperor of the Turks. He succeeded his father, +Selim II., and reigned 1574-1595. His first act was to invite all his +brothers to a banquet, and strangle them. Henry IV. alludes to this when +he says—</p> + +This is the English, not the Turkish court;<br> +Not Amurath an Amurath succeeds,<br> +But Harry, Harry.<br> + +<p>Shakespeare, 2 <i>Henry IV.</i> act v. sc. 2 (1598).</p> + +<p><b>Amusements of Kings.</b> The great amusement of <i>Ardeltas</i> of Arabia +Petraea, was currying horses; of <i>Artaba'nus</i> of Persia, was +mole-catching; of <i>Domitian</i> of Rome, was catching flies; of <i>Ferdinand +VII.</i>, of Spain, was embroidering petticoats; of <i>Louis XVI.</i>, clock and +lock making; of <i>George IV.</i>, the game of patience.</p> + +<p><b>Amy March</b>, the artist sister in Louisa M. Alcott's <i>Little Women</i> +(1868).</p> + +<p><b>Amy Wentworth</b>, the high-born but contented wife of the "Brown +Viking of the Fishing-smack," in John Greenleaf Whittier's poem, <i>Amy +Wentworth</i>.</p> + +She sings, and smiling, hears her praise,<br> +But dreams the while of one<br> +Who watches from his sea-blown deck<br> +The ice-bergs in the sun. (1860.)<br> + +<p><b>Amyn'tas</b>, in <i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again</i>, by Spenser, is +Ferdinando earl of Derby, who died 1594.</p> + +Amyntas, flower of shepherd's pride forlorn.<br> +He, whilst he lived, was the noblest swain<br> +That ever pipèd on an oaten quill.<br> + +<p>Spenser, <i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again</i> (1591).</p> + +<p><b>Amyn'tor.</b> (See AMINTOR.)</p> + +<p><b>A'mys</b> and <b>Amy'lion</b>, the Damon and Pythias of mediaeval +romance.—See Ellis's <i>Specimens of Early English Metrical Romances</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Amytis</b>, the Median queen of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon. +Beautiful, passionate, and conscienceless, she condemns an innocent +rival to the worst of fates, without a pang of conscience, and dies a +violent death at the hands of one who was once her lover.</p> + +<p>The gardens were well-watered and dripped luxuriantly.... At this time +of the morning, Amytis amused herself alone, or with a few favored +slaves. She dipped through artificial dew and pollen, bloom and +fountain, like one of the butterflies that circled above her small head, +or one of the bright cold lizards that crept about her feet. She bathed, +she ran, she sang, and curled to sleep, and stirred and bathed +again.—<i>The Master of the Magicians</i>, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and +Herbert D. Ward (1890).</p> + +<p><b>Anacharsis</b> [<b>Clootz</b>]. Baron Jean Baptiste Clootz assumed the +<i>prenome</i> of Anacharsis, from the Scythian so called, who travelled +about Greece and other countries to gather knowledge and improve his own +countrymen. The baron wished by the name to intimate that his own object +in life was like that of Anacharsis (1755-1794).</p> + +<p><b>Anachronisms.</b> (See ERRORS.)</p> + +<p>CHAUCER, in his tale of <i>Troilus</i>, at the siege of Troy, makes Pandarus +refer to <i>Robin Hood</i>.</p> + +And to himselfe ful soberly he saied,<br> +From hasellwood there jolly Robin plaied.<br> + +<p>Book v.</p> + +<p>GILES FLETCHER, in <i>Christ's Victory</i>, pt. ii. makes the Tempter seem to +be "a good old <i>hermit</i> or <i>palmer</i>, travelling to see some <i>saint</i>, and +<i>telling his beads!!</i>"</p> + +<p>LODGE, in <i>The True Tragedies of Marius and Sylla</i> (1594), mentions "the +razor of Palermo" and "St. Paul's steeple," and introduces Frenchmen who +"for forty crowns" undertake to poison the Roman consul.</p> + +<p>MORGLAY makes Dido tell Æneas that she should have been contented with +a son, even "if he had been a <i>cockney dandiprat</i>" (1582).</p> + +<p>SCHILLER, in his <i>Piccolomini</i>, speaks of <i>lightning conductors</i>. This +was about 150 years before they were invented.</p> + +<p>SHAKESPEAKE, in his <i>Coriolanus</i> (act ii. sc. 1), makes Menenius refer +to <i>Galen</i> above 600 years before he was born.</p> + +<p>Cominius alludes to <i>Roman Plays</i>, but no such things were known for 250 +years after the death of Cominius.—<i>Coriolanus</i>, act ii. sc. 2.</p> + +<p>Brutus refers to the "<i>Marcian Waters</i> brought to Rome by +Censorinus." This was not done till 300 years afterwards.</p> + +<p>In <i>Hamlet</i>, the prince Hamlet was educated at <i>Wittemberg School</i>, +which was not founded till 1502; whereas Saxo-Germanicus, from whom +Shakespeare borrowed the tale, died in 1204. Hamlet was thirty years old +when his mother talks of his going back to school (act i. sc. 2).</p> + +<p>In 1 <i>Henry IV.</i>, the carrier complains that "the <i>turkeys</i> in his +pannier are quite starved" (act ii. sc. 5), whereas turkeys came from +America, and the New World was not even discovered for a century after. +Again in <i>Henry V.</i>, Grower is made to say to Fluellen, "Here comes +Pistol, swelling like a turkey-cock" (act v. sc. 1).</p> + +<p>In <i>Julius Cæsar</i>, Brutus says to Cassius, "Peace, count the clock." To +which Cassius replies, "The clock has stricken three."</p> + +<p>Clocks were not known to the Romans, and striking-clocks were not +invented till some 1400 years after the death of Cæsar.</p> + +<p>VIRGIL places Æneas in the port Velinus, which was made by Curius +Dentatus.</p> + +<p>This list, with very little trouble, might be greatly multiplied. The +hotbed of anachronisms is mediaeval romance; there nations, times and +places, are most recklessly disregarded. This may be instanced by a few +examples from Ariosto's great poem, <i>Orlando Furioso</i>.</p> + +<p>Here we have Charlemagne and his paladins joined by Edward king of +England, Richard earl of Warwick, Henry duke of Clarence, and the dukes +of York and Gloucester (bk. vi.). We have cannons employed by Cymosco +king of Friza (bk. iv.), and also in the siege of Paris (bk. vi.). We +have the Moors established in Spain, whereas they were not invited over +by the Saracens for nearly 300 years after Charlemagne's death. In bk. +xvii. we have Prester John, who died in 1202; and in the last three +books we have Constantine the Great, who died in 337.</p> + +<p><b>Anac'reon</b>, the prince of erotic and bacchanalian poets, insomuch +that songs on these subjects are still called Anacreon'tic (B.C. +563-478).</p> + +<p><i>Anacreon of Painters</i>, Francesco Albano or Alba'ni (1578-1660).</p> + +<p><i>Anacreon of the Guillotine</i>, Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac (1755-1841).</p> + +<p><i>Anacreon of the Temple</i>, Guillaume Amfrye, abbé de Chaulieu +(1639-1720).</p> + +<p><i>Anacreon of the Twelfth Century</i>, Walter Mapes, "The Jovial Toper." His +famous drinking song, "Meum est prepositum ..." has been translated by +Leigh Hunt (1150-1196).</p> + +<p><i>The French Anacreon</i>. 1. Pontus de Thiard, one of the "Pleiad poets" +(1521-1605). 2. P. Laujon, perpetual president of the <i>Caveau Moderne</i>, +a Paris club, noted for its good dinners, but every member was of +necessity a poet (1727-1811).</p> + +<p><i>The Persian Anacreon</i>, Mahommed Hafiz. The collection of his poems is +called <i>The Divan</i> (1310-1389).</p> + +<p><i>The Sicilian Anacreon</i>, Giovanni Meli (1740-1815).</p> + +<p><b>Anacreon Moore</b>, Thomas Moore of Dublin (1780-1852), poet, called +"Anacreon," from his translation of that Greek poet, and his own +original anacreontic songs.</p> + +Described by Mahomet and Anacreon Moore.<br> + +<p>Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, i. 104.</p> + +<p><b>Anagnus</b>, Inchastity personified in <i>The Purple Island</i>, by Phineas +Fletcher (canto vii.). He had four sons by Caro, named Maechus +(<i>adultery</i>), Pornei'us (<i>fornication</i>), Acath'arus, and Asel'gês +(<i>lasciviousness</i>), all of whom are fully described by the poet. In the +battle of Mansoul (canto xi.) Anagnus is slain by Agnei'a (<i>wifely +chastity</i>), the spouse of Encra'tes (<i>temperance</i>) and sister of +Parthen'ia (<i>maidenly chastity</i>). (Greek, <i>anagnos</i>, "impure.") (1633.)</p> + +<p><b>Anagrams.</b></p> + +<p>CHARLES JAMES STUART (James I.). <i>Claims Arthur's Seat</i>.</p> + +<p>DAME ELEANOR DAVIES (prophetess in the reign of Charles I.). <i>Never so +mad a ladie</i>.</p> + +<p>HORATIO NELSON. <i>Honor est a Nilo</i>.</p> + +<p>MARIE TOUCHET (mistress of Charles IX.). <i>Je charme tout</i> (made by Henri +IV.).</p> + +<p>Pilate's question, QUID EST VERITAS? <i>Est vir qui adest</i>.</p> + +<p>SIR ROGER CHARLES DOUGHTY TICHBORNE, BARONET. <i>You horrid butcher, +Orton, biggest rascal here.</i></p> + +<p><b>A'nah</b>, granddaughter of Cain and sister of Aholiba'mah. Japhet +loved her, but she had set her heart on the seraph Azaz'iel, who carried +her off to another planet when the Flood came.—Byron, <i>Heaven and +Earth</i>.</p> + +Anah and Aholibamah are very different characters:<br> +Anah is soft, gentle, and submissive; her<br> +sister is proud, imperious, and aspiring; the one<br> +loving in fear, the other in ambition. She fears<br> +that her love makes her "heart grow impious,"<br> +and that she worships the seraph rather than the<br> +Creator.—Ed. Lytton Bulwer (Lord Lytton).<br> + +<p><b>Anak of Publishers</b>, so John Murray was called by lord Byron +(1778-1843).</p> + +<p><b>An'akim</b> or <b>Anak</b>, a giant of Palestine, whose descendants were +terrible for their gigantic stature. The Hebrew spies said that they +themselves were mere grasshoppers in comparison of them.</p> + +I felt the thews of Anakim,<br> +The pulses of a Titan's heart.<br> + +<p>Tennyson, <i>In Memoriam</i>, iii.</p> + +<p>(The Titans were giants, who, according to classic fable, made war with +Jupiter or Zeus, 1 <i>syl</i>.)</p> + +<p><b>Anamnes'tes</b> (4 <i>syl</i>), the boy who waited on Eumnestês (Memory). +Eumnestês was a very old man, decrepit and half blind, a "man of +infinite remembrance, who things foregone through many ages held," but +when unable to "fet" what he wanted, was helped by a little boy yclept +Anamnestês, who sought out for him what "was lost or laid amiss." +(Greek, <i>eumnêstis</i>, "good memory;" <i>anamne'stis</i>, "research or calling +up to mind.")</p> + +And oft when things were lost or laid amiss,<br> +That boy them sought and unto him did lend;<br> +Therefore the Anamnestes clepêd is,<br> +And that old man Eumnestes.<br> + +<p>Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, ii. 9 (1590).</p> + +<p><b>Anani'as</b>, in <i>The Alchemist</i>, a comedy by Ben Jonson (1610).</p> + +<p>("Wasp" in <i>Bartholomew Fair</i>, "Corbaccio" in <i>The Fox</i>, "Morose" in +<i>The Silent Woman</i>, all by B. Jonson.)</p> + +<p><b>Anarchus</b>, king of the Dipsodes (2 <i>syl</i>.), defeated by Pantag'ruel, +who dressed him in a ragged doublet, a cap with a cock's feather, and +married him to "an old lantern-carrying hag." The prince gave the +wedding-feast, which consisted of garlic and sour cider. His wife, being +a regular termagant, "did beat him like plaster, and the ex-tyrant did +not dare call his soul his own."—Rabelais, <i>Pantagruel</i>, ii. 31 (1533).</p> + +<p><b>Anasta'sius</b>, the hero of a novel called <i>Memoirs of Anastasius</i>, by +Thomas Hope (1770-1831), a most brilliant and powerful book. It is the +autobiography of a Greek, who, to escape the consequences of his crimes +and villainies, becomes a renegade, and passes through a long series of +adventures.</p> + +Fiction has but few pictures which will bear<br> +comparison with that of Anastasius, sitting on<br> +the steps of the lazaretto of Trieste, with his<br> +dying boy in his arms.—<i>Encyc. Brit</i>. Art. "Romance."<br> + +<p><b>Anastasius Grün</b>, the <i>nom de plume</i> of Anton Alexander von +Auersperg, a German poet (1806-1876).</p> + +<p><b>Anasterax</b>, brother of Niquee [<i>ne.kay</i>], with whom he lives in +incestuous intercourse. The fairy Zorphee, in order to withdraw her +god-daughter from this alliance, enchanted her.—<i>Amadis de Gaul</i>.</p> + +<p><b>An'cho,</b> a Spanish brownie, who haunts the shepherds' huts, warms +himself at their fires, tastes their clotted milk and cheese, converses +with the family, and is treated with familiarity mixed with terror. The +Ancho hates church bells.</p> + +<p><b>Ancient Mariner</b> (<i>The</i>), by Coleridge. For the crime of having shot +an albatross (a bird of good omen to seamen) terrible sufferings are +visited upon him, which are finally remitted through his repentance; but +he is doomed to wander over the earth and repeat his story to others as +a warning lesson.</p> + +<p><b>An'derson</b> (<i>Eppie</i>), a servant at the inn of St. Ronan's Well, held +by Meg Dods.—Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's Well</i> (time, George III.).</p> + +<p><b>André</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.). Petit-André and Trois Echelles are the +executioners of Louis XI. of France. They are introduced by sir W. +Scott, both in <i>Quentin Durward</i> and in <i>Anne of Geierstein</i>.</p> + +<p><i>André</i>, the hero and title of a novel by George Sand (Mde. Dudevant). +This novel and that called <i>Consuelo</i> (4 <i>syl</i>.) are considered her best +(1804-1876).</p> + +<p><b>Andre'os,</b> Fortitude personified in <i>The Purple Island</i>, by Phineas +Fletcher (canto x.). "None fiercer to a stubborn enemy, but to the +yielding none more sweetly kind." (Greek, <i>andria</i> or <i>andreia</i>, +"manliness.")</p> + +<p><b>Andrew</b>, gardener, at Ellangowan, to Godfrey Bertram the laird.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Andrews</b>, a private in the royal army of the duke of Monmouth.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Old Mortality</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><i>Andrews (Joseph)</i>, the hero and title of a novel by Fielding. He is a +footman who marries a maid-servant. Joseph Andrews is a brother of +[Richardson's] "Pamela," a handsome, model young man.</p> + +The accounts of Joseph's bravery and good<br> +qualities, his voice too musical to halloa to the<br> +dogs, his bravery in riding races for the gentlemen<br> +of the county, and his constancy in refusing<br> +bribes and temptation, have something refreshing<br> +in their <i>naïveté</i> and freshness, and prepossess<br> +one in favor of that handsome young hero.—Thackeray.<br> + +<p><b>Androclus and the Lion.</b> Androclus was a runaway Roman slave, who +took refuge in a cavern. A lion entered, and instead of tearing him to +pieces, lifted up its fore-paw that Androclus might extract from it a +thorn. The fugitive, being subsequently captured, was doomed to fight +with a lion in the Roman arena, and it so happened that the very same +lion was let out against him; it instantly recognized its benefactor, +and began to fawn upon him with every token of gratitude and joy. The +story being told of this strange behavior, Androclus was forthwith set +free.</p> + +<p>A somewhat similar anecdote is told of sir George Davis, English consul +at Florence at the beginning of the present century. One day he went to +see the lions of the great duke of Tuscany. There was one which the +keepers could not tame, but no sooner did sir George appear, than the +beast manifested every symptom of joy. Sir George entered the cage, when +the creature leaped on his shoulder, licked his face, wagged its tail, +and fawned like a dog. Sir George told the great duke that he had +brought up this lion, but as it grew older it became dangerous, and he +sold it to a Barbary captain. The duke said he bought it of the same +man, and the mystery was cleared up.</p> + +<p><b>Andromache</b> [<i>An. drom'. a. ky</i>], widow of Hector. At the downfall +of Troy both she and her son Asty'anax were allotted to Pyrrhus king of +Epirus, and Pyrrhus fell in love with her, but she repelled his +advances. At length a Grecian embassy, led by Orestês son of Agamemnon, +arrived, and demanded that Astyanax should be given up and put to death, +lest in manhood he should attempt to avenge his father's death. Pyrrhus +told Andromachê that he would protect her son in defiance of all Greece +if she would become his wife, and she reluctantly consented thereto. +While the marriage ceremonies were going on, the ambassadors rushed on +Pyrrhus and slew him, but as he fell he placed the crown on the head of +Andromachê, who thus became the queen of Epirus, and the ambassadors +hastened to their ships in flight.—Ambrose Philips, <i>The Distressed +Mother</i> (1712).</p> + +<p><b>Andromeda</b>, beautiful daughter of the king of Ethiopia. To appease +Neptune, she was bound to a rock to be devoured by Neptune. Perseus slew +the monster and made the maiden his wife.</p> + +<p><b>Androni'ca,</b> one of Logistilla's handmaids, noted for her +beauty.—Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Androni'cus</b> (<i>Titus</i>), a noble Roman general against the Goths, +father of Lavin'ia. In the play so called, published among those of +Shakespeare, the word all through is called <i>Andron'icus</i> (1593).</p> + +<p><i>Marcus Andronicus</i>, brother of Titus, and tribune of the people.</p> + +<p><b>Androph'ilus</b>, Philanthropy personified in <i>The Purple Island</i>, by +Phineas Fletcher (1633). Fully described in canto x. (Greek, +<i>Andro-philos</i>, "a lover of mankind.")</p> + +<p><b>Andy</b> (<i>Handy</i>), Irish lad in the employ of Squire Egan. He has +boundless capacity for bulls and blunders.—Samuel Lover, <i>Handy Andy</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Aneal</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of Maä'ni, who loves Djabal, and +believes him to be "hakeem'" (the incarnate god and founder of the +Druses) returned to life for the restoration of the people and their +return to Syria from exile in the Spo'radês. When, however, she +discovers his imposture, she dies in the bitterness of her +disappointment.—Robert Browning, <i>The Return of the Druses</i>.</p> + +<p><i>L'ange de Dieu</i>, Isabeau la belle, the "inspired prophet-child" of the +Camisards.</p> + +<p><b>Angela Messenger</b>, heiress to Messenger's Brewery and an enormous +fortune. In order to know the people of the East End she lives among +them as a dressmaker. She sees their needs, and to supply these in part, +builds <i>The People's Palace</i>—or Palace of Delights.—<i>All Sorts and +Conditions of Men</i>, by Walter Besant (1889).</p> + +<p><b>Angel'ica</b>, in Bojardo's <i>Orlando Innamorato</i> (1495), is daughter of +Gal'aphron king of Cathay. She goes to Paris, and Orlando falls in love +with her, forgetful of wife, sovereign, country, and glory. Angelica, on +the other hand, disregards Orlando, but passionately loves Rinaldo, who +positively dislikes her. Angelica and Rinaldo drink of certain +fountains, when the opposite effects are produced in their hearts, for +then Rinaldo loves Angelica, while Angelica loses all love for Rinaldo.</p> + +<p><i>Angelica</i>, in Ariosto's <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516), is the same lady, who +marries Medoro, a young Moore, and returns to Cathay, where Medoro +succeeds to the crown. As for Orlando, he is driven mad by jealousy and +pride.</p> + +The fairest of her sex, Angelica,<br> +...Sought by many prowest knights,<br> +Both painim and the peers of Charlemagne.<br> + +<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Regained</i>, iii. (1671).</p> + +<p><i>Angelica (The Princess</i>), called "The Lady of the Golden Tower." The +loves of Parisme'nos and Angelica form an important feature of the +second part of <i>Parismus Prince of Bohemia</i>, by Emanuel Foord (1598).</p> + +<p><i>Angelica</i>, an heiress with whom Valentine Legend is in love. For a time +he is unwilling to declare himself because of his debts; but Angelica +gets possession of a bond for £4000, and tears it. The money difficulty +being adjusted, the marriage is arranged amicably.—W. Congreve, <i>Love +for Love</i> (1695).</p> + +<p>Mrs. Anne Bracegirdle equally delighted in melting tenderness and +playful coquetry, in "Statira" or "Millamant;" and even at an advanced +age, when she played "Angelica."—C. Dibden.</p> + +<p><i>Angelica</i>, the troth-plight wife of Valère, "the gamester." She gives +him a picture, and enjoins him not to part with it on pain of forfeiting +her hand. However, he loses it in play, and Angelica in disguise is the +winner of it. After much tribulation, Valère is cured of his vice, and +the two are happily united by marriage.—Mrs. Centlivre, <i>The Gamester</i> +(1705).</p> + +<p><b>Angeli'na</b>, daughter of lord Lewis, in the comedy called <i>The Elder +Brother</i>, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1637).</p> + +<p><i>Angelina</i>, daughter of don Charino. Her father wanted her to marry +Clodio, a coxcomb, but she preferred his elder brother Carlos, a +bookworm, with whom she eloped. They were taken captives and carried to +Lisbon. Here in due time they met, the fathers who went in search of +them came to the same spot, and as Clodio had engaged himself to Elvira +of Lisbon, the testy old gentlemen agreed to the marriage of Angelina +with Carlos.—C. Cibber, <i>Love Makes a Man</i>.</p> + +<p>Angelique' (3 <i>syl.</i>), daughter of Argan the <i>malade imaginaire</i>. Her +lover is Cléante (2 <i>syl.</i>). In order to prove whether his wife or +daughter loved him the better, Argan pretended to be dead, whereupon the +wife rejoiced greatly that she was relieved of a "disgusting creature," +hated by every one; but the daughter grieved as if her heart would +break, rebuked herself for her shortcomings, and vowed to devote the +rest of her life in prayer for the repose of his soul. Argan, being +assured of his daughter's love, gave his free consent to her marriage +with Cléante.—Molière, <i>Malade Imaginaire</i> (1673).</p> + +<p><i>Angelique</i>, the aristocratic wife of George Dandin, a French commoner. +She has a liaison with a M. Clitandre, but always contrives to turn the +tables on her husband. George Dandin first hears of a rendezvous from +one Lubin, a foolish servant of Clitandre, and lays the affair before M. +and Mde. Sotenville, his wife's parents. The baron with George Dandin +call on the lover, who denies the accusation, and George Dandin has to +beg pardon. Subsequently, he catches his wife and Clitandre together, +and sends at once for M. and Mde. Sotenville; but Angelique, aware of +their presence, pretends to denounce her lover, and even takes up a +stick to beat him for the "insult offered to a virtuous wife;" so again +the parents declare their daughter to be the very paragon of women. +Lastly, George Dandin detects his wife and Clitandre together at +night-time, and succeeds in shutting his wife out of her room; but +Angelique now pretends to kill herself, and when George goes for a light +to look for the body, she rushes into her room and shuts him out. At +this crisis the parents arrive, when Angelique accuses her husband of +being out all night in a debauch; and he is made to beg her pardon on +his knees.—Molière, <i>George Dandin</i> (1668).</p> + +<p><b>An'gelo</b>, in <i>Measure for Measure</i>, lord deputy of Vienna in the +absence of Vincentio the duke. His betrothed lady is Maria'na. Lord +Angelo conceived a base passion for Isabella, sister of Claudio, but his +designs were foiled by the duke, who compelled him to marry +Mariana.—Shakespeare (1603).</p> + +<p><i>An'gelo</i>, a gentleman friend to Julio in <i>The Captain</i>, a drama by +Beaumont and Fletcher (1613).</p> + +<p><b>Angels</b> (<i>Orders of</i>). According to Dionysius the Areop'agite, the +angels are divided into nine orders: Seraphim and Cherubim, in the +<i>first</i> circle; Thrones and Dominions, in the <i>second</i> circle; Virtues, +Powers, Principalities, Archangels, and Angels, in the <i>third</i> circle.</p> + +Novem angelorum ordines dicimus, quia videlicet<br> +esse, testante sacro eloquio, scimus Angelos,<br> +Archangelos, Virtutes, Potestates, Principatus,<br> +Dominationes, Thronos, Cherubim, atque Seraphim.—St.<br> +Gregory the Great, <i>Homily</i> 34.<br> + +<p>(See <i>Hymns Ancient and Modern</i>, No. 253, ver. 2, 3.)</p> + +<p><b>Anger ... the Alphabet.</b> It was Athenodo'rus the Stoic who advised +Augustus to repeat the alphabet when he felt inclined to give way to +anger.</p> + +Un certain Grec disait à l'empereur Auguste,<br> +Comme une instruction utile autant que juste,<br> +Que, lorsqu' une aventure en colère nous met,<br> +Nous devons, avant tout, dire notre alphabet,<br> +Afin que dans ce temps la bile se tempère,<br> +Et qu'on ne fasse rien que l'on ne doive faire.<br> + +<p>Molière, <i>L'École des Femmes</i>, ii. 4 (1662).</p> + +<p><b>Angioli'na</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of Loreda'no, and the young +wife of Mari'no Faliero, the doge of Venice. A patrician named Michel +Steno, having behaved indecently to some of the women assembled at the +great civic banquet given by the doge, was kicked out of the house by +order of the doge, and in revenge wrote some scurrilous lines against +the dogaressa. This insult was referred to "The Forty," and Steno was +sentenced to two months' imprisonment, which the doge considered a very +inadequate punishment for the offence.—Byron, <i>Marino Faliero</i>.</p> + +The character of the calm, pure-spirited Angiolina<br> +is developed most admirably. The great<br> +difference between her temper and that of her<br> +fiery husband is vividly portrayed, but not less<br> +vividly touched is that strong bond of union<br> +which exists in the common nobleness of their<br> +deep natures. There is no spark of jealousy in<br> +the old man's thoughts. He does not expect the<br> +fervor of youthful passion in his young wife;<br> +but he finds what is far better—the fearless confidence<br> +of one so innocent that she can scarcely<br> +believe in the existence of guilt.... She thinks<br> +Steno's greatest punishment will be "the blushes<br> +of his privacy."—Lockhart.<br> + +<p><b>Anglan'te's Lord,</b> Orlando, who was lord of Anglantê and knight of +Brava.—Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>An'glides</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), wife of good prince Boud'wine (2 <i>syl</i>.), +brother to sir Mark king of Cornwall ("the falsest traitor that ever was +born"). When king Mark slew her husband, Anglides and her son Alisaunder +made their escape to Magounce (<i>i.e. Arundel</i>), where she lived in +peace, and brought up her son till he received the honor of +knighthood.—Sir T. Malory, <i>Hist, of Pr. Arthur</i>, ii. 117, 118 (1470).</p> + +<p><b>An'guisant,</b> king of Erin (<i>Ireland</i>), subdued by king Arthur +fighting in behalf of Leod'ogran king of Cam'eliard (3 <i>syl</i>.).— +Tennyson, <i>Coming of King Arthur</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Angule</b> (<i>St.</i>), bishop of London, put to death by Maximia'nus +Hercu'lius, Roman general in Britain in the reign of Diocletian.</p> + +St. Angule put to death, one of our holiest men,<br> +At London, of that see the godly bishop then.<br> + +<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xxiv. (1622).</p> + +<p><b>Angurva'del,</b> Frithiof's sword, inscribed with Runic characters, +which blazed in time of war, but gleamed dimly in time of peace.</p> + +<p><b>Anice,</b> the woman who steals Fenn's fancy, rather than his heart, +from his wife, in George Parsons Lathrop's story, <i>An Echo of Passion</i> +(1882).</p> + +<p><b>Animula</b>, beauteous being revealed in a drop of water by a +microscope of extraordinary and inconceivable power.—<i>The Diamond +Lens</i>, by Fitz-James O'Brien (1854).</p> + +<p><b>Anjou</b> (<i>The Fair Maid of</i>), lady Edith Plantagenet, who married +David earl of Huntingdon (a royal prince of Scotland). Edith was a +kinswoman of Richard Coeur de Lion, and an attendant on queen +Berengaria.</p> + +<p>[Illustration: symbol] Sir Walter Scott has introduced her in <i>The +Talisman</i> (1825).</p> + +<p><b>Ann</b> (<i>The princess</i>), lady of Beaujeu.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Quentin +Durward</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><i>Ann</i> (<i>The Lady</i>), the wife who, in John G. Saxe's ballad, <i>The Lady +Ann</i>, goes mad at the news of the death of sir John, her husband (1868).</p> + +<p><b>Anna</b> (<i>Donna</i>), the lady beloved by don Otta'vio, but seduced by +don Giovanni.—Mozart's opera, <i>Don Giovanni</i> (1787).</p> + +<p><b>An'nabel,</b> in <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, by</p> + +<p>Dryden, is the duchess of Monmouth, whose maiden name was Anne Scott +(countess of Buccleuch). She married again after the execution of her +faithless husband.</p> + +With secret joy indulgent David [<i>Charles II</i>.]<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">viewed</span><br> +His youthful image in his son renewed;<br> +To all his wishes nothing he denied,<br> +And made the charming Annabel his bride.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 16.5em;">Part i.</span><br> + +<p><b>Annabel Lee.</b> Edgar A. Poe's poem of this name is supposed to be a +loving memorial to his young wife, Virginia Clemm, who died of +consumption at Fordham, N.Y., in 1847.</p> + +The angels, not half so happy in heaven<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Went envying her and me;</span><br> +Yes! that was the reason (as all men know,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In this kingdom by the sea)</span><br> +That the wind came out of the cloud by night,<br> +Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee. (1848.)<br> + +<p><b>Anna Pastorius,</b> wife of Pastorius in Whittier's poem, <i>The +Pennsylvania Pilgrim</i>. At his cry "Help! for the good man faileth!" she +points to her aloe-tree, and reminds him that as surely as "the +century-moulded bud shall burst in bloom," love and patience will soon +or late conquer wrong (1872).</p> + +<p><b>An'naple</b> [BAILZOU], Effie Dean's "monthly" nurse.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><i>An'naple</i>, nurse of Hobbie Elliot of the Heugh-foot, a young +farmer.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Black Dwarf</i> (time, Anne).</p> + +<p><b>Anne</b> (<i>Sister</i>), the sister of Fat'ima, the seventh and last wife +of Blue Beard. Fatima, having disobeyed her lord by looking into the +locked chamber, is allowed a short respite before execution. Sister Anne +ascends the high tower of the castle, with the hope of seeing her +brothers, who are expected to arrive every moment. Fatima, in her agony, +keeps asking "sister Anne" if she can see them, and Blue Beard keeps +crying out for Fatima to use greater despatch. As the patience of both +is exhausted, the brothers arrive, and Fatima is rescued from +death.—Charles Perrault, <i>La Barbe Bleue</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Anne</i>, own sister of king Arthur. Her father was Uther the pendragon, +and her mother Ygerna, widow of Gorloïs. She was given by her brother in +marriage to Lot, consul of Londonesia, and afterwards king of +Norway.—Geoffrey, <i>British History</i>, viii. 20, 21.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> In Arthurian romance this Anne is called Margawse +(<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 2); Tennyson calls her Bellicent +(<i>Gareth and Lynette</i>). In Arthurian romance Lot is always called king +of Orkney.</p> + +<p><b>Anne Catherick,</b> half-witted girl, the natural sister of Laura +Fairlie, to whom she bears a strong resemblance. This circumstance +suggests to the villain of the book the deception of showing her dead +body as that of Laura, as a step toward securing the fortune of the +latter.—<i>The Woman in White</i>, by Wilkie Collins (1865).</p> + +<p><b>Anne Douglas,</b> heroine of <i>Anne</i>, a novel by Constance Fenimore +Woolson (1882). The scene laid on the Island of Mackinac, Mich.</p> + +<p><b>Annette,</b> daughter of Mathis and Catherine, the bride of Christian, +captain of the patrol.—J.E. Ware, <i>The Polish Jew</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Annette and Lublin,</b> by Marmontel, imitated from the <i>Daphnis and +Chloe</i> of Longos (<i>q.v.</i>).</p> + +<p><b>Annie Kilburn,</b> the conscientious heiress who returns to a New +England homestead after long residence abroad, and endeavors to do her +duty in the station to which Providence has called her. Prim, pale, +pretty, and not youthful except in heart.—<i>Annie Kilburn</i>, by William +Dean Howells (1888).</p> + +<p><b>An'nie Lau'rie,</b> eldest of the three daughters of sir Robert Laurie, +of Maxwelton. In 1709 she married James Fergusson, of Craigdarroch, and +was the mother of Alexander Fergusson, the hero of Burns's song <i>The +Whistle</i>. The song of <i>Annie Laurie</i> was written by William Douglas, of +Fingland, in the stewardry of Kirkcud'bright, hero of the song <i>Willie +was a Wanton Wag</i>. (See WHISTLE.)</p> + +<p>Bayard Taylor has used the ballad with thrilling effect in his poem <i>The +Song of the Camp</i>.</p> + +They sang of love, and not of fame,<br> +Forgot was Britain's glory,<br> +Each heart recalled a different name,<br> +But all sang "Annie Laurie."<br> +Voice after voice caught up the song<br> +Until its tender passion<br> +Rose, like an anthem, rich and strong,<br> +Their battle-eve confession.<br> +<br> +<hr style="width: 45%;"><br> +<br> +Dear girl! her name he dared not speak,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But as the song grew louder,</span><br> +Something upon the soldier's cheek<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Washed off the stain of powder.</span><br> +<br> +<hr style="width: 45%;"><br> + +<p><b>An'nie Win'nie,</b> one of the old sibyls at Alice Gray's death; the +other was Ailsie Gourlay.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Bride of Lammermoor</i> +(time, William III.).</p> + +<p><b>Annir,</b> king of Inis-thona (an island of Scandinavia). He had two +sons (Argon and Ruro) and one daughter. One day Cor'malo, a neighboring +chief, came and begged the honor of a tournament. Argon granted the +request, and overthrew him, which so vexed Cormalo that during a hunt he +shot both the brothers secretly with his bow. Their dog Runa ran to the +palace, and howled so as to attract attention; whereupon Annir followed +the hound, and found both his sons dead, and on his return he further +found that Cormalo had carried off his daughter. Oscar, son of Ossian, +led an army against the villain, and slew him; then liberating the young +lady, he took her back to Inis-thona, and delivered her to her +father.—<i>Ossian</i> ("The War of Inis-thona").</p> + +<p><b>An'nophel,</b> daughter of Cas'silane (3 <i>syl</i>.) general of +Candy.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Laws of Candy</i> (1647).</p> + +<p><b>Anselm</b>, prior of St. Dominic, the confessor of king Henry IV.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>The Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Anselme</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.)<b>,</b> father of Valère (2 <i>syl</i>.) and Mariane (3 +<i>syl</i>.). In reality he is don Thomas d'Alburci, of Naples. The family +were exiled from Naples for political reasons, and being shipwrecked +were all parted. Valère was picked up by a Spanish captain, who adopted +him; Mariane fell into the hands of a corsair, who kept her a captive +for ten years, when she effected her escape; and Anselme wandered from +place to place for ten years, when he settled in Paris, and intended to +marry. At the expiration of sixteen years they all met in Paris at the +house of Har'pagon, the miser. Valère was in love with Elise (2 <i>syl</i>.), +the miser's daughter, promised by Harpagon in marriage to Anselme; and +Mariane, affianced to the miser's son Cléante (2 <i>syl</i>.), was sought in +marriage by Harpagon, the old father. As soon as Anselme discovered that +Valère and Mariane were his own children, matters were soon amicably +arranged, the young people married, and the old ones retired from the +unequal contest.—Molière, <i>L'Avare</i> (1667).</p> + +<p><b>Anselmo,</b> a noble cavalier of Florence, the friend of Lothario. +Anselmo married Camilla, and induced his friend to try to corrupt her, +that he might rejoice in her incorruptible fidelity. Lothario +unwillingly undertook the task, and succeeded but too well. For a time +Anselmo was deceived, but at length Camilla eloped, and the end of the +silly affair was that Anselmo died of grief, Lothario was slain in +battle, and Camilla died in a convent.—Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I. iv. +5, 6; <i>Fatal Curiosity</i> (1605).</p> + +<p><b>An'ster</b> (<i>Hob</i>)<b>,</b> a constable at Kinross village.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>The Abbot</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><b>Anstiss Dolbeare,</b> heroine of Mrs. A.D.T. Whitney's novel, +<i>Hitherto</i>, a sensitive, imaginative, morbid, motherless girl who is +"all the time holding up her soul ... with a thorn in it" (1872).</p> + +<p><b>Antae'os,</b> a gigantic wrestler of Libya (or <i>Irassa</i>). His strength +was inexhaustible so long as he touched the earth, and was renewed every +time he did touch it. Her'culés killed him by lifting him up from the +earth and squeezing him to death. (See MALEGER.)</p> + +As when earth's son Antaeus ... in Irassa strove<br> +With Jove's Alcidês, and oft foiled, still rose,<br> +Receiving from his mother earth new strength,<br> +Fresh from his fall, and fiercer grapple joined,<br> +Throttled at length in the air, expired and fell.<br> + +<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Regained</i>, iv. (563).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Similarly, when Bernardo del Carpio +assailed Orlando or Rolando at Roncesvallês, as he found his body was +not to be pierced by any instrument of war, he took him up in his arms +and squeezed him to death.</p> + +<p>N.B.—The only vulnerable part of Orlando was the sole of his foot.</p> + +<p><b>Ante'nor,</b> a traitorous Trojan prince, related to Priam. He advised +Ulyssês to carry away the palladium from Troy, and when the wooden horse +was built it was Antenor who urged the Trojans to make a breach in the +wall and drag the horse into the city.—Shakespeare has introduced him +in <i>Troilus and Cressida</i> (1602).</p> + +<p><b>Anthea,</b> beautiful woman to whom Herrick addresses several poems.</p> + +<p><b>Anthi'a,</b> the lady beloved by Abroc'omas in the Greek romance called +<i>De Amoribus Anthiae et Abrocomae</i>, by Xenophon of Ephesus, who lived in +the fourth Christian century. (This is not Xenophon the historian, who +lived B.C. 444-359.)</p> + +<p><b>Anthonio,</b> "the merchant of Venice," in Shakespeare's drama so +called (1598). Anthonio borrows of Shylock, a Jew, 3000 ducats for three +months, to lend to his friend Bassanio. The conditions of the loan were +these: if the money was paid within the time, only the principal should +be returned; but if not, the Jew should be allowed to cut from +Anthonio's body "a pound of flesh." As the ships of Anthonio were +delayed by contrary winds, he was unable to pay within the three months, +and Shylock demanded the forfeiture according to the bond. Portia, in +the dress of a law-doctor, conducted the case, and when the Jew was +about to cut the flesh, stopped him, saying—(1) the bond gave him no +drop of blood; and (2) he must take neither more nor less than an exact +pound. If he shed one drop of blood or if he cut more or less than an +exact pound, his life would be forfeit. As it was quite impossible to +comply with these restrictions, the Jew was nonsuited, and had to pay a +heavy fine for seeking the life of a citizen.</p> + +<p><i>Antho'nio</i>, the ursuping duke of Milan, and brother of Pros'pero (the +rightful duke, and father of Miranda).—Shakespeare, <i>The Tempest</i> +(1609).</p> + +<p><i>Antho'nio</i>, father of Protheus, and suitor of Julia.—Shakespeare, <i>The +Two Gentlemen of Verona</i> (1594).</p> + +<p><b>An'thony,</b> an English archer in the cottage of farmer Dickson, of +Douglasdale.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Castle Dangerous</i> (time, Henry I.).</p> + +<p><i>An'thony</i>, the old postillion at Meg Dods's, the landlady of the inn at +St. Ronan's Well.—Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's Well</i> (time, George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Antid'ius,</b> bishop of Jaen, martyred by the Vandals in 411. One day, +seeing the devil writing in his pocket-book some sin committed by the +pope, he jumped upon his back and commanded his Satanic majesty to carry +him to Rome. The devil tried to make the bishop pronounce the name of +Jesus, which would break the spell, and then the devil would have tossed +his unwelcome burden into the sea, but the bishop only cried, "Gee up, +devil!" and when he reached Rome he was covered with Alpine snow. The +chronicler naïvely adds, "the hat is still shown at Rome in confirmation +of this miracle."—<i>General Chronicle of King Alphonso the Wise</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Antig'one</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>)<b>,</b> daughter of Oe'dipos and Jocas'tê, a +noble maiden, with a truly heroic attachment to her father and brothers. +When Oedipos had blinded himself, and was obliged to quit Thebes, +Antigonê accompanied him, and remained with him till his death, when she +returned to Thebes. Creon, the king, had forbidden any one to bury +Polyni'cês, her brother, who had been slain by his elder brother in +battle; but Antigonê, in defiance of this prohibition, buried the dead +body, and Creon shut her up in a vault under ground, where she killed +herself. Haemon, her lover, killed himself also by her side. Sophoclês +has a Greek tragedy on the subject, and it has been dramatized for the +English stage.</p> + +<p><i>The Modern Antigonê</i>, Mariè Therèse Charlotte duchesse d'Angouleme, +daughter of Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette (1778-1851).</p> + +<p><b>Antig'onus</b>, a Sicilian lord, commanded by king Leontês to take his +infant daughter to a desert shore and leave her to perish. Antigonus was +driven by a storm to the coast of Bohemia, where he left the babe; but +on his way back to the ship, he was torn to pieces by a +bear.—Shakespeare, <i>The Winter's Tale</i> (1604).</p> + +<p><i>Antig'onus (King)</i>, an old man with a young man's amorous passions. He +is one of the four kings who succeeded to the divided empire of +Alexander the Great.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Humorous Lieutenant</i> +(1647).</p> + +<p><b>Antin'ous</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), a page of Hadrian, the Roman emperor, noted +for his beauty.</p> + +<p><i>Antin'ous</i> (4 <i>syl</i>.), son of Cas'silane (3 <i>syl</i>.) general of Candy, +and brother of An'no-phel, in <i>The Laws of Candy</i> a drama by Beaumont +and Fletcher (1647).</p> + +<p><b>Anti'ochus</b>, emperor of Greece, who sought the life of Per'iclês +prince of Tyre, but died without effecting his desire.—Shakespeare, +<i>Pericles Prince of Tyre</i> (1608).</p> + +<p><b>Anti'ope</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of Idom'e-neus (4 <i>syl</i>.), for whom +Telem'achus had a <i>tendresse</i>. Mentor approved his choice, and assured +Telemachus that the lady was designed for him by the gods. Her charms +were "the glowing modesty of her countenance, her silent diffidence, and +her sweet reserve; her constant attention to tapestry or to some other +useful and elegant employment; her diligence in household affairs, her +contempt of finery in dress, and her ignorance of her own beauty," +Telemachus says, "She encourages to industry by her example, sweetens +labor by the melody of her voice, and excels the best of painters in the +elegance of her embroidery."—Fénelon, <i>Télémaque</i>, xxii. (1700).</p> + +<p>He [<i>Paul</i>] fancied he had found in Virginia the wisdom of Antiope with +the misfortunes and the tenderness of Eucharis.—Bernardin de St. +Pierre, <i>Paul and Virginia</i> (1788).</p> + +<p><b>Antiph'olus,</b> the name of two brothers, twins, the sons of Aege'on, +a merchant of Syracuse. The two brothers were shipwrecked in infancy, +and, being picked up by different cruisers, one was carried to Syracuse, +and the other to Ephesus. The Ephesian entered the service of the duke, +and, being fortunate enough to save the duke's life, became a great man +and married well. The Syracusian Antipholus, going in search of his +brother, came to Ephesus, where a series of blunders occurs from the +wonderful likeness of the two brothers and their two servants called +Dromio. The confusion becomes so great that the Ephesian is taken up as +a madman. It so happened that both brothers appeared before the duke at +the same time; and the extraordinary likeness being seen by all, the +cause of the blunders was evident, and everything was satisfactorily +explained.—Shakespeare, <i>Comedy of Errors</i> (1593).</p> + +<p><b>Anton</b> (<i>Sir</i>). Tennyson says that Merlin gave Arthur, when an +infant, to sir Anton and his lady to bring up, and they brought him up +as their own son. This does not correspond with the <i>History of +Prince Arthur</i>, which states that he was committed to the care of sir +Ector and his lady, whose son, sir Key, is over and over again called +the prince's foster-brother. The <i>History</i> furthermore states that +Arthur made sir Key his seneschal <i>because</i> he was his foster-brother.</p> + +So the child was delivered unto Merlin, and he<br> +bare him forth unto sir Ector, and made a holy<br> +man christen him, and named him "Arthur."<br> +And so sir Ector's wife nourished him with her<br> +own breast.—Part i. 3.<br> +<br> +So sir Ector rode to the justs, and with him<br> +rode sir Key, his son, and young Arthur that<br> +was his nourished brother.—Ditto.<br> +<br> +"Sir," said sir Ector, "I will ask no more of<br> +you but that you will make my son, sir Key,<br> +your foster-brother, seneschal of all your lands."<br> +"That shall be done," said Arthur (ch. 4).—Sir<br> +T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i> (1470).<br> + +<p><i>Anton</i>, one of Henry Smith's men in <i>The Fair Maid of Perth</i>, by sir W. +Scott (time, Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Anto'nio</b>, a sea captain who saved Sebastian, the brother of Vi'ola, +when wrecked off the coast of Illyria.—Shakespeare, <i>Twelfth Night</i> +(1614).</p> + +<p><i>Anto'nio</i>, the Swiss lad who acts as the guide from Lucern, in sir W. +Scott's <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><i>Anto'nio</i>, a stout old gentleman, kinsman of Petruccio, governor of +Bologna.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Chances</i> (a comedy, before 1621).</p> + +<p><i>Antonio (Don)</i>, father of Carlos, a bookworm, and Clodio, a coxcomb; a +testy, headstrong old man. He wants Carlos to sign away his birthright +in favor of his younger brother, to whom he intends Angelina to be +married; but Carlos declines to give his signature, and elopes with +Angelina, whom he marries, while Clodio engages his troth to Elvira of +Lisbon.—C. Cibber, <i>Love Makes a Man</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Antonio (Don)</i>, in love with Louisa, the daughter of don Jerome of +Seville. A poor nobleman of ancient family.—Sheridan, <i>The Duenna</i> +(1778).</p> + +<p><b>Antonomas'ia</b> <i>(The princess</i>), daughter of Archipiela, king of +Candaya, and his wife Maguncia. She married don Clavijo, but the giant +Malambru'no, by enchantment, changed the bride into a brass monkey, and +her spouse into a crocodile of some unknown metal. Don Quixote mounted +the wooden horse Clavileno the Winged, to disenchant the lady and her +husband, and this he effected "simply by making the +attempt."—Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, II iii. 4, 5 (1615).</p> + +<p><b>Antony</b> <i>(Saint)</i> lived in a cavern on the summit of Cavadonga, in +Spain, and was perpetually annoyed by devils.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Old St. Antonius from the hell</span><br> +Of his bewildered phantasy saw fiends<br> +In actual vision, a foul throng grotesque<br> +Of all horrific shapes and forms obscene,<br> +Crowd in broad day before his open eyes.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Southey, <i>Roderick, etc</i>., xvi. (1814).</span><br> + +<p><b>An'tony and Cæsar.</b> Macbeth says that "under Banquo his own genius +was rebuked [or snubbed], as it is said Mark Antony's was by Cæsar" +(act iii. sc. 1), and in <i>Antony and Cleopatra</i> this passage is +elucidated thus—</p> + +Thy daemon, that's thy spirit which keeps thee, is<br> +Noble, courageous, high, unmatchable,<br> +Where Cæsar's is not; but near him thy angel<br> +Becomes a fear, as being overpowered.<br> +<br> +Act ii. sc. 3.<br> + +<p><b>Anvil</b> (<i>The Literary</i>). Dr. Mayo was so called, because he bore the +hardest blows of Dr. Johnson without flinching.</p> + +<p><b>Aodh</b>, last of the Culdees, or primitive clergy of Io'na, an island +south of Staffa. His wife was Reullu'ra. Ulvfa'gre the Dane, having +landed on the island and put many to the sword, bound Aodh in chains of +iron, then dragging him to the church, demanded where the "treasures +were concealed." A mysterious figure now appeared, which not only +released the priest, but took the Dane by the arm to the statue of St. +Columb, which fell on him and crushed him to death. After this the +"saint" gathered the remnant of the islanders together, and went to +Ireland.—Campbell, <i>Reullura</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Ape</b> (1 <i>syl.</i>), the pseudonym of M. Pellegrini, the caricaturist of +<i>Vanity Fair</i>. Dr. Johnson says "<i>to ape</i> is to imitate ludicrously;" +whence the adoption of the name.</p> + +<p><b>Apel'les and the Cobbler.</b> A cobbler found fault with the +shoe-latchet of one of Apelles' paintings, and the artist rectified the +fault. The cobbler, thinking himself very wise, next ventured to +criticise the legs; but Apelles said, <i>Ne sutor ultra crepidam</i> ("Let +not the cobbler go beyond his last").</p> + +<p>Within that range of criticism where all are equally judges, and where +Crispin is entitled to dictate to Apelles.—<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>, Art. +"Romance."</p> + +<p><i>Apelles</i>. When his famous painting of Venus rising out of the sea (hung +by Augustus in the temple of Julius Cæsar) was greatly injured by time, +Nero replaced it by a copy done by Dorotheus. This Venus by Apelles is +called "Venus Anadyom'-enê," his model (according to tradition) being +Campaspê (afterwards his wife).</p> + +<p><b>Apeman'tus,</b> a churlish Athenian philosopher, who snarled at men +systematically, but showed his cynicism to be mere affectation, when +Timon attacked him with his own weapons.—Shakespeare, <i>Timon of Athens</i> +(1600).</p> + +<p>Their affected melancholy showed like the cynicism of Apemantus, +contrasted with the real misanthropy of Timon.—Sir W. Scott.</p> + +<p><b>Apic'ius,</b> an epicure in the time of Tiberius. He wrote a book on +the ways of provoking an appetite. Having spent £800,000 in supplying +the delicacies of the table, and having only £80,000 left, he hanged +himself, not thinking it possible to exist on such a wretched pittance. +<i>Apicia</i>, however, became a stock name for certain cakes and sauces, and +his name is still proverbial in all matters of gastronomy.</p> + +<p>There was another of the name in the reign of Trajan, who wrote a +cooking book and manual of sauces.</p> + +<p>No Brahmin could abominate your meal more than I do. Hirtius and Apicius +would have blushed for it. Mark Antony, who roasted eight whole boars +for supper, never massacred more at a meal than you have +done.—Cumberland, <i>The Fashionable Lover</i>, i. 1 (1780).</p> + +<p><b>Apollo,</b> son of Jupiter and Latona, and model of masculine beauty. +He is the sun, in Homeric mythology, the embodiment of practical wisdom +and foresight, of swift and far-reaching intelligence, and hence of +poetry, music, etc.</p> + +<p><i>The Apollo Belvidere</i>, that is, the Apollo preserved in the Belvidere +gallery of the Vatican, discovered in 1503 amid the ruins of An'tium, +and purchased by pope Julius II. It is supposed to be the work of +Cal'amis, a Greek sculptor of the fifth century B.C.</p> + +<p><i>The Apollo of Actium</i> was a gigantic statue, which served for a beacon.</p> + +<p><i>The Apollo of Rhodes</i>, usually called the colossus, was a gigantic +bronze statue, 150 feet high, made by Charês, a pupil of Lysippus, and +set up B.C. 300.</p> + +<p><i>Animals consecrated to Apollo</i>, the cock, the crow, the grasshopper, +the hawk, the raven, the swan, and the wolf.</p> + +<p><b>Apoll'yon</b>, king of the bottomless pit; introduced by Bnnyan in his +<i>Pilgrim's Progress</i>. Apollyon encounters Christian, by whom, after a +severe contest, he is foiled (1678).</p> + +<p><b>Apostle</b> <i>or Patron Saint of</i>—</p> + +ABYSSINIANS, St. Frumentius (died 360). His day, October 27.<br> +ALPS, Felix Neff (1798-1829).<br> +ANTIOCH, St. Margaret (died 275). Her day, July 20.<br> +ARDENNES, St. Hubert (656-730).<br> +ARMENIANS, Gregory of Armenia (256-331).<br> +CAGLIARI (<i>Sardinia</i>), St. Efisio.<br> +CORFU, St. Spiridion (fourth century). His day, December 14.<br> +ENGLISH, St. Augustin (died 607); St. George (died 290).<br> +ETHIOPIA, St. Frumentius (died 360). His day, October 27.<br> +FRANCONIA, St. Kilian (died 689). His day, July 8.<br> +FREE TRADE, Richard Cobden (1804-1865).<br> +FRENCH, St. Denis (died 272). His day, October 9.<br> +FRISIANS, St. Wilbrod (657-738).<br> +GAULS, St. Irenae'us (130-200); St. Martin (316-397).<br> +GENTILES, St. Paul (died 66). His days, June 29, January 25.<br> +GEORGIA, St. Nino.<br> +GERMANY, St. Boniface (680-755). His day, June 5.<br> +HIGHLANDERS, St. Colomb (521-597). His day, June 9.<br> +HUNGARIANS, St. Anastasius (died 628). His day, January 22.<br> +INDIANS, Bartolomé de Las Casas (1474-1566); Rev. John Eliot (1603-1690).<br> +INDIES, St. Francis Xavier (1506-1552). His day, December 3.<br> +INFIDELITY, Voltaire (1694-1778).<br> +IRISH, St. Patrick (372-493). His day, March 17.<br> +LIBERTY, Thomas Jefferson, third president of the U.S. (1743-1826).<br> +LONDON, St. Paul; St. Michael. Days, January 25, September 29.<br> +NETHERLANDS, St. Armand (589-679).<br> +NORTH, St. Ansgar (801-864); Bernard Gilpin (1517-1583).<br> + +<p>Padua, St. Anthony (1195-1231). His day, June 13. Paris, St. Genevieve +(419-512). Her day, January 3. Peak, W. Bagshaw, so called from his +missionary labors in Derbyshire (1628-1702). Picts, St. Ninian. Scottish +Reformers, John Knox (1505-1572). Sicily (the tutelary deity is) Cerês. +Slaves, St. Cyril (died 868). His day, February 14. Spain, St. James the +Greater (died 44.) His day, July 24. Temperance, Father Mathew +(1790-1856). Venice, St. Mark; St. Pantaleon; St. Andrew Justiniani. St. +Mark's day, April 25; St. Pantaleon's, July 27. Wales, St. David +(480-544). His day, March 1. Yorkshire, St. Pauli'nus, bishop of York +(597-644).</p> + +<p><b>Apostolic Fathers</b> (<i>The Five</i>): Clement +of Rome, Barnabas, Hermas, Igna'tius, +and Polycarp. All contemporary with the +Apostles.</p> + +<p><b>Ap'petizer.</b> A Scotchman being told +that the birds called kittiewiaks were admirable +appetizers, ate six of them, and +then complained "he was no hungrier than +he was before."</p> + +<p><b>Aquarius, Sagittarius.</b> Mrs. Browning +says that "Aquarius" is a symbol of +man <i>bearing</i>, and "Sagittarius" of man <i>combatting</i>. +The passive and active forms of +human labor.</p> + +<i>Eve</i>. Two phantasms of two men.<br> +<i>Adam</i>. One that sustains,<br> +And one that strives, so the ends<br> +Of manhood's curse of labor.<br> + +<p>E. B. Browning, <i>A Drama of Exile</i> (1851).</p> + +<p><b>A'quilant,</b> son of Olive'ro and Sigismunda; a knight in +Charlemagne's army. He was called "<i>black</i>," and his brother Gryphon +"<i>white</i>" from the color of their armor.—Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> +(1516).</p> + +<p><b>A'quiline</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), Raymond's steed, whose sire was the +wind.—Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>, vii. (1575).</p> + +<p>(Solinus, Columella, and Varro relate how the Lusitanian mares "with +open mouth against the breezes held, receive the gales with warmth +prolific filled, and thus inspired, their swelling wombs produce the +wondrous offspring."—See also Virgil, <i>Georgics</i>, in. 266-283.)</p> + +<p><b>Aquin'ian Sage.</b> Juvenal is so called, because he was born at +Aqui'num, in Latium (fl. A.D. 100).</p> + +<p><b>Arabel'la</b>, an heiress left under the guardianship of justice Day. +Abel Day, the son of justice Day, aspires to her hand and fortune, but +she confers both with right good will on captain Manly.—T. Knight, <i>The +Honest Thieves</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Ara'bia Fe'lix</b> ("<i>Araby the blest</i>"). This name is a blunder made +by British merchants, who supposed that the precious commodities of +India bought of Arab traders were the produce of Arabia.</p> + +<p><b>Ara'bian Bird</b> (<i>The</i>), the phoenix, a marvellous man, one <i>sui +generis</i>.</p> + +O Antony! O thou Arabian bird!<br> + +<p>Shakespeare, <i>Antony and Cleopatra</i>, act iii. sc. 2.</p> + +<p><b>Arach'ne</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a spider, a weaver. "Arachnê's labors," +spinning or weaving. Arachnê was a Lydian maiden, who challenged Minerva +to compete with her in needle tapestry, and Minerva changed her into a +spider.</p> + +No orifice for a point<br> +As subtle as Arachnê's broken woof<br> +To enter.<br> + +<p>Shakespeare, <i>Troilus and Cressida</i>, act v. sc. 2 (1602).</p> + +<p><b>Aragnol</b>, the son of Arachnê (the "most fine-fingered of all +workmen," turned into a spider for presuming to challenge Minerva to +a contest in needlework). Aragnol entertained a secret and deadly hatred +against prince Clarion, son of Muscarol the fly-king; and weaving a +curious net, soon caught the gay young flutterer, and gave him his +death-wound by piercing him under the left wing.—Spenser, <i>Muiopotmos +or The Butterfly's Fate</i> (1590).</p> + +<p><b>Aramin'ta,</b> the wife of Moneytrap, and friend of Clarissa (wife of +Gripe the scrivener).—Sir John Vanbrugh, <i>The Confederacy</i> (1695).</p> + +<p><b>Aranza</b> (<i>The duke of</i>). He marries Juliana, eldest daughter of +Balthazar. She is so haughty, arrogant, and overbearing, that after the +marriage he takes her to a mean hut, which he calls his home, and +pretends to be only a peasant who must work for his living, and gives +his bride the household duties to perform. She chafes for a time, but +firmness, manliness, and affection win the day; and when the duke sees +that she loves him for himself, he leads her to his castle, and reveals +to her that the peasant husband is after all the duke of Aranza.—J. +Tobin, <i>The Honeymoon</i> (1804).</p> + +<p><b>Ar'aphil</b> or <b>Ar'aphill,</b> the poetic pseudonym of Win. Habington. +His lady-love, Miss Lucy Herbert, he calls Castara.</p> + +<p><b>Aras'pes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), king of Alexandria, who joined the Egyptian +armament against the crusaders.—Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p> + +<p><b>Arba'ces</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), king of Ibe'ria, in the drama called <i>A King +or no King</i>, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1619).</p> + +<p><b>Arbate</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), governor of the prince of Ithaca, in Molière's +comedy <i>La Princesse d'Elide</i> (1664). In his speech to "Euryle" prince +of Ithaca, persuading him to love, he is supposed to refer to Louis +XIV., then 26 years of age.</p> + +Je dirai que l'amour sied bien à vos pareil ...<br> +Et qu'il est malaisé que, sans etre amoureux<br> +Un jeune prince soit et grand et généreux.<br> +<br> +Act i. 1.<br> + +<p><i>Arbate</i>, in Racine's drama of <i>Mithridate</i> (1673).</p> + +<p><b>Ar'biter El'igantiæ.</b> C. Petro'nius was appointed dictator-in-chief +of the imperial pleasures at the court of Nero, and nothing was +considered <i>comme il faut</i> till it had received the sanction of this +Roman <i>beau Brummel</i>.</p> + +Behold the new Petronius of the day,<br> +The arbiter of pleasure and of play.<br> +<br> +Byron, <i>English Bards and Scottish Reviewers</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Arbre Sol</b> foretold, with audible voice, the place and manner of +Alexander's death. It figures in all the fabulous legends of Alexander.</p> + +<p><b>Arbutus</b>, sturdy yeoman usually known as "Bute," in Bayard Taylor's +novel <i>Hannah Thurston.</i> Rugged and sound as the New England granite +underlying the farm he tills.</p> + +<p><b>Arc</b> <i>(Joan of)</i>, or <i>Jeanne la Pucelle</i>, the "Maid of Orleans," +daughter of a rustic of Domrémy, near Vaucouleurs, in France. She was +servant at an inn when she conceived the idea of liberating France from +the English. Having gained admission to Charles VII., she was sent by +him to raise the siege of Orleans, and actually succeeded in so doing. +Schiller has a tragedy on the subject, Casimir Delavigne an elegy on +her, Southey an epic poem on her life and death, and Voltaire a +burlesque.</p> + +<p>In regard to her death, M. Octave Delepière, in his <i>Doute Historique</i>, +denies the tradition of her having been burnt to death at Rouen; and +Vignier discovered in a family muniment chest the "contract of marriage +between" Robert des Armoise, knight, and Jeanne d'Arc, surnamed "The +Maid of Orleans."</p> + +<p><b>Ar'cades Ambo</b>, both fools alike; both "sweet innocents;" both alike +eccentric. There is nothing in the character of Corydon and Thyrsis +(Virgil's <i>Eclogue</i>, vii. 4) to justify this disparaging application of +the phrase. All Virgil says is they were both "in the flower of their +youth," and both Arcadians, both equal in setting a theme for song or +capping it epigrammatically; but as Arcadia was the least intellectual +part of Greece, an "Arcadian" came to signify a dunce, and hence +"Arcades ambo" received its present acceptation.</p> + +<p><b>Arcala'us</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), an enchanter who bound Am'adis de Gaul to a +pillar in his courtyard, and administered to him 200 stripes with his +horse's bridle.—<i>Amadis de Gaul</i> (fifteenth century).</p> + +<p><b>Arca'nes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a noble soldier, friend of Cas'silane (3 +<i>syl</i>.) general of Candy.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Laws of Candy</i> +(1647).</p> + +<p><b>Archan'gel.</b> Burroughs, the puritan preacher, called Cromwell "the +archangel that did battle with the devil."</p> + +<p><b>Archas</b>, "the loyal subject" of the great duke of Moscovia, and +general of the Moscovites. His son is colonel Theodore.</p> + +<p><i>Young Archas</i>, son of the general. Disguised as a woman, he assumes the +name of Alinda.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Loyal Subject</i> (1618).</p> + +<p><b>Archbsh'op of Grana'da</b> told his secretary, Gil Blas, when he hired +him,</p> + +<p>"Whenever thou shalt perceive my pen smack of old age and my genius +flag, don't fail to advertise me of it, for I don't trust to my own +judgment, which may be seduced by self-love." After a fit of apoplexy, +Gil Blas ventured in the most delicate manner to hint to his grace that +"his last discourse had not altogether the energy of his former ones." +To this the archbishop replied, "You are yet too raw to make proper +distinctions. Know, child, that I never composed a better homily than +that which you disapprove. Go, tell my treasurer to give you 100 ducats. +Adieu, Mr. Gil Blas; I wish you all manner of prosperity, with a little +more taste."—Le-sage, <i>Gil Blas</i>, vii. 3 (1715).</p> + +<p><b>Ar'cher</b> (<i>Francis</i>), friend of Aimwell, who joins him in +fortune-hunting. These are the two "beaux." Thomas viscount Aimwell +marries Dorinda, the daughter of lady Bountiful. Archer hands the deeds +and property taken from the highwaymen to sir Charles Freeman, who takes +his sister, Mrs. Sullen, under his charge again.—George Farquhar, <i>The +Beaux' Stratagem</i> (1707).</p> + +<p><b>Archibald</b> (<i>John</i>), attendant on the duke of Argyle.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Archima'go</b>, the reverse of holiness, and therefore Satan the father +of lies and all deception. Assuming the guise of the Red Cross Knight, +he deceived Una; and under the guise of a hermit, he deceived the knight +himself. Archimago is introduced in bks. i. and ii. of Spenser's <i>Faëry +Queen.</i> The poet says:</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... he could take</span><br> +As many forms and shapes in seeming wise<br> +As ever Proteus to himself could make:<br> +Sometimes a fowl, sometimes a fish in lake,<br> +Now like a fox, now like a dragon fell.<br> + +<p>Spenser, <i>The Faëry Queen</i>, I. ii. 10 (1590).</p> + +<p><b>Archimedes,</b> Syracusan philosopher, who discovered, among other +great scientific facts, the functions of the lever. The solution of an +abstruse problem having occurred to him while in the bath, he leaped out +of the water, and ran naked through the city, shouting, "<i>Eureka!</i>"</p> + +<p><b>Ar'chy M'Sar'casm</b> <i>(Sir)</i>, "a proud Caledonian knight, whose +tongue, like the dart of death, spares neither sex nor age ... His +insolence of family and licentiousness of wit gained him the contempt of +every one" (i. 1). Sir Archy tells Charlotte, "In the house of M'Sarcasm +are two barons, three viscounts, six earls, one marquisate, and two +dukes, besides baronets and lairds oot o' a' reckoning" (i. 1). He makes +love to Charlotte Goodchild, but supposing it to be true that she has +lost her fortune, declares to her that he has just received letters +"frae the dukes, the marquis, and a' the dignitaries of the family ... +expressly prohibiting his contaminating the blood of M'Sarcasm wi' +onything sprung from a hogshead or a coonting-house" (ii. 1).</p> + +<p>The man has something droll, something ridiculous in him. His abominable +Scotch accent, his grotesque visage almost buried in snuff, the roll of +his eyes and twist of his mouth, his strange inhuman laugh, his +tremendous periwig, and his manners altogether—why, one might take him +for a mountebank doctor at a Dutch fair.—C. Macklin, <i>Love à-la-mode</i>, +i. 1 (1779).</p> + +<p><i>Sir Archy's Great-grandmother.</i> Sir Archy M'Sarcasm insisted on +fighting Sir Callaghan O'Brallaghan on a point of ancestry. The +Scotchman said that the Irish are a colony from Scotland, "an ootcast, a +mere ootcast." The Irishman retorted by saying that "one Mac Fergus +O'Brallaghan went from Carrickfergus, and peopled all Scotland with his +own hands." Charlotte [Goodchild] interposed, and asked the cause of the +contention, whereupon Sir Callaghan replied, "Madam, it is about sir +Archy's great-grandmother."—C. Macklin, <i>Love à-la-mode</i>, i. I (1779).</p> + +<p>We shall not now stay to quarrel about sir Archy's +great-grandmother.—Maepherson, <i>Dissertation upon Ossian</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Archy'tas</b> of Tarentum made a wooden pigeon that could fly; and +Regiomonta'nus, a German, made a wooden eagle that flew from Koenigsberg +to meet the emperor, and, having saluted him, returned whence it set out +(1436-1476).</p> + +<p>This engine may be contrived from the same principles by which Archytas +made a wooden dove, and Regiomontanus a wooden eagle.—Dr. John Wilkins +(1614-1672).</p> + +<p><b>Ar'cite</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.) <b>and Pal'amon,</b> two Theban knights, captives +of duke Theseus, who used to see from their dungeon window the duke's +sister-in-law, Emily, taking her airing in the palace garden, and fell +in love with her. Both captives having gained their liberty, contended +for the lady by single combat. Arcite was victor, but being thrown from +his horse was killed, and Emily became the bride of Palamon.—Chaucer, +<i>Canterbury Tales</i> ("The Knight's Tale," 1388).</p> + +<p>Richard Edwards in 1566 produced a drama entitled <i>Palamon and Arcite</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Ar'den</b> <i>(Enoch)</i>, the hero of a poetic tale by Tennyson. He is a +seaman wrecked on a desert island, who returns home after the absence of +several years, and finds his wife married to another. Seeing her both +happy and prosperous, Enoch resolves not to mar her domestic peace, so +leaves her undisturbed, and dies of a broken heart.</p> + +<p><b>Ar'den of Fev'ersliam,</b> a noble character, honorable, forgiving, +affectionate, and modest. His wife Alicia in her sleep reveals to him +her guilty love for Mosby, but he pardons her on condition that she will +never see the seducer again. Scarcely has she made the promise when she +plots with Mosby her husband's murder. In a planned street-scuffle, +Mosby pretends to take Arden's part, and thus throws him off his guard. +Arden thinks he has wronged him, and invites him to his house, but Mosby +conspires with two hired ruffians to fall on his host during a game of +draughts, the right moment being signified by Mosby's saying, "Now I +take you." Arden is murdered; but the whole gang is apprehended and +brought to justice.</p> + +<p>(This drama is based on a murder which took place in 1551. Ludwig Tieck +has translated the play into German, as a genuine production of +Shakespeare. Some ascribe the play to George Lillo, but Charles Lamb +gives 1592 as the date of its production, and says the author is +unknown.)</p> + +<p><b>Areous'ki</b>, the Indian war-god, war, tumult.</p> + +<p>A cry of Areouski broke our sleep. Campbell, <i>Gertrude of Wyoming</i>, i, +16 (1809).</p> + +<p><b>Arethu'sa,</b> daughter of the king Messi'na, in the drama called +<i>Philaster</i> or <i>Love Lies a-bleeding</i>, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1638).</p> + +<p><i>Arethusa</i>, a nymph pursued by Alpheos the river-god, and changed into a +fountain in the island of Ortygia; but the river-god still pursued her, +and mingled his stream with the fountain, and now, "like friends once +parted grown single-hearted," they leap and flow and slumber together, +"like spirits that love but live no more."</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">This fable has been exquisitely turned into poetry by Percy B. +Shelley (<i>Arethusa</i>, 1820).</p> + +<p><b>Argali'a,</b> brother of Angel'ica, in Ariosto's <i>Orlando Furioso</i> +(1516).</p> + +<p><b>Ar'gan,</b> the <i>malade imaginaire</i> and father of Angelique. He is +introduced taxing his apothecary's bills, under the conviction that he +cannot afford to be sick at the prices charged, but then he notices that +he has already reduced his bills during the current month, and is not so +well. He first hits upon the plan of marrying Angelique to a young +doctor, but to this the lady objects. His brother suggests that Argan +himself should be his own doctor, and when the invalid replies he has +not studied either diseases, drugs, or Latin, the objection is overruled +by investing the "malade" in a doctor's cap and robe. The piece +concludes with the ceremonial in macaronic Latin.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">When Argan asks his doctor how many grains of salt he +ought to eat with an egg, the doctor answers, "Six, huit, dix, etc., par +les nombres pairs, comme dans les médicaments par les nombres +impairs."—Molière, <i>Le Malade Imaginaire</i>, ii. 9 (1673).</p> + +<p><b>Argan'te</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a giantess called "the very monster and +miracle of lust." She and her twin-brother Ollyphant or Oliphant were +the children of Typhoe'us and Earth. Argantè used to carry off young men +as her captives, and seized "the Squire of Dames" as one of her victims. +The squire, who was in fact Britomart (the heroine of chastity), was +delivered by sir Sat'yrane (3 <i>syl</i>.).—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iii. 7 +(1590).</p> + +<p><i>Argante</i>' (2 <i>syl</i>.), father of Octave (2 <i>syl</i>.) and Zerbinette (3 +<i>syl</i>.). He promises to give his daughter Zerbinette to Leandre (2 +<i>syl</i>.), the son of his friend Géronte (2 <i>syl</i>.); but during his +absence abroad the young people fall in love unknown to their respective +fathers. Both fathers storm, and threaten to break off the engagement, +but are delighted beyond measure when they discover that the choice of +the young people has unknowingly coincided with their own.—Molière, +<i>Les Fourteries de Scapin</i> (1671).</p> + +<p>(Thomas Otway has adapted this play to the English stage, and called it +<i>The Cheats of Scapin</i>. "Argante" he calls <i>Thrifty</i>; "Géronte" is +<i>Gripe</i>; "Zerbinette" he calls <i>Lucia</i>; and "Leandre" he Anglicizes into +<i>Leander</i>.)</p> + +<p><b>Argan'tes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a Circassian of high rank and undoubted +courage, but fierce and a great detester of the Nazarenes. Argantês and +Solyman were undoubtedly the bravest heroes of the infidel host. +Argantês was slain by Rinaldo, and Solyman by Tancred.—Tasso, +<i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p> + +<p>Bonaparte stood before the deputies like the Argantês of Italy's heroic +poet.—Sir Walter Scott.</p> + +<p><b>Ar'genis,</b> a political romance by Barclay (1621).</p> + +<p><b>Ar'gentile</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of king Adelbright, and ward of +Edel. Curan, a Danish prince, in order to woo her, became a drudge in +her house, but being obliged to quit her service, became a shepherd. +Edel, the guardian, forcing his suit on Argentile, compelled her to +flight, and she became a neatherd's maid. In this capacity Curan wooed +and won her. Edel was forced to restore the possessions of his ward, and +Curan became king of Northumberland. As for Edel, he was put to +death.—William Warner, <i>Albion's England</i> (1586).</p> + +<p><b>Ar'gentin</b> <i>(Le sieur d</i>'), one of the officers of the duke of +Burgundy.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geiersiein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Arge'o,</b> baron of Servia and husband of Gabrina. (See <i>Dictionary of +Phrase and Fable</i>.)—Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Arges'tes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the west wind.</p> + +Wingèd Argestes, faire Aurora's sonne,<br> +Licensed that day to leave his dungeon,<br> +Meekly attended.<br> + +<p>Wm. Browne, <i>Britannia's Pastorals</i>, ii. 5 (1613).</p> + +<p><i>Arges'tes</i> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the north-east wind; Cæ'cias, the north-west; +Bo'reas, the full north.</p> + +Boreas and Cæcias and Argestes loud<br> +... rend the woods, and seas upturn.<br> + +<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, x. 699, etc. (1665).</p> + +<p><b>Ar'gillan,</b> a haughty, turbulent knight, born on the banks of the +Trent. He induced the Latians to revolt, was arrested, made his escape, +but was ultimately slain in battle by Solyman.—Tasso, <i>Jerusalem +Delivered</i>, viii. ix. (1575).</p> + +<p><b>Argon and Ruro</b>, the two sons of Annir, king of Inis-thona, an +island of Scandinavia. Cor'malo, a neighboring chief, came to the +island, and asked for the honor of a tournament. Argon granted the +request, and overthrew him, and this so vexed Cormalo that during a hunt +he shot both the brothers with his bow. Their dog Runo, running to the +hall, howled so as to attract attention, and Annir, following the hound, +found his two sons both dead. On his return he discovered that Cormalo +had run off with his daughter. Oscar, son of Ossian, slew Cormalo in +fight, and restored the daughter to her father.—<i>Ossian</i> ("The War of +Inis-thona").</p> + +<p><b>Argonauts</b>, heroes and demi-gods, who sailed to Colchis in quest of +the golden fleece, guarded by a sleepless dragon. Jason was their +leader.</p> + +<p><i>Argonauts (The)</i>. Title applied to adventurers who, in 1849, sought +gold in California. Bret Harte has seized upon the name as the theme of +tales and ballads of the "Forty-niners."</p> + +<p><b>Ar'gus,</b> the turf-writer, was Irwin Willes, who died in 1871.</p> + +<p><b>Argyle</b> <i>(Mac Callum More, duke of</i>), in the reign of George I.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Rob Roy</i> (1818).</p> + +<p><i>Mac Callum More, marquis of Argyle</i>, in the reign of Charles I., was +commander of the parliamentary forces, and is called "Gillespie +Grumach;" he disguises himself, and assumes the name of Murdoch +Campbell.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Legend of Montrose</i> (1819).</p> + +<p>(Duke and duchess of Argyle are introduced also in the <i>Heart of +Midlothian</i>, by Sir W. Scott, 1818.)</p> + +<p><b>Ariad'ne</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of Minos king of Crete. She gave +Theseus a clew of thread to guide him out of the Cretan labyrinth. +Theseus married his deliverer, but when he arrived at Naxos <i>(Dia)</i> +forsook her, and she hung herself.</p> + +<p>Surely it is an Ariadnê.... There is dawning womanhood in every line; +but she knows nothing of Naxos.—Ouidà, <i>Ariadnê</i>, i. 1.</p> + +<p><b>Ar'ibert,</b> king of the Lombards (653-661), left "no male pledge +behind," but only a daughter named Rhodalind, whom he wished duke +Gondibert to marry, but the duke fell in love with Bertha, daughter of +As'tragon, the sage. The tale being unfinished, the sequel is not +known.—Sir W. Davenant, <i>Gondibert</i> (died 1668).</p> + +<p><b>Arideus</b> <i>[A.ree'.de.us]</i>, a herald in the Christian army.—Tasso, +<i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p> + +<p><b>A'riel,</b> in <i>The Tempest</i>, an airy spirit, able to assume any shape, +or even to become invisible. He was enslaved to the witch Syc'orax, +mother of Caliban, who overtasked the little thing, and in punishment +for not doing what was beyond his strength, imprisoned him for twelve +years in the rift of a pine tree, where Caliban delighted to torture him +with impish cruelty. Prospero, duke of Milan and father of Miranda, +liberated Ariel from the pine-rift, and the grateful spirit served the +duke for sixteen years, when he was set free.</p> + +And like Ariel in the cloven pine tree,<br> +For its freedom groans and sighs.<br> + +<p>Longfellow, <i>The Golden Milestone</i>.</p> + +<p><i>A'riel</i>, the sylph in Pope's <i>Rape of the Lock</i>. The impersonation of +"fine life" in the abstract, the nice adjuster of hearts and necklaces. +When disobedient he is punished by being kept hovering over the fumes of +the chocolate, or is transfixed with pins, clogged with pomatums, or +wedged in the eyes of bodkins.</p> + +<p><i>A'riel</i>, one of the rebel angels. The word means "the Lion of God." +Abdiel encountered him, and overthrew him.—Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, +vi. 371 (1665).</p> + +<p><b>Ariella,</b> an invalid girl, the daughter of Malachi and Hagar his +wife, in <i>Come Forth</i>, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and Herbert D. Ward. +Her name signifies STRENGTH OF GOD. She has lain a helpless cripple for +nine years, when she is healed by a word from The Christ (1891).</p> + +<p><b>Ariman'es</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), the prince of the powers of evil, introduced +by Byron in his drama called <i>Manfred</i>. The Persians recognized a power +of good and a power of evil: the former Yezad, and the latter Ahriman +(in Greek, Oroma'zes and Ariman'nis). These two spirits are ever at war +with each other. Oromazes created twenty-four good spirits, and enclosed +them in an egg to be out of the power of Arimanês; but Arimanês pierced +the shell, and thus mixed evil with every good. However, a time will +come when Arimanês shall be subjected, and the earth will become a +perfect paradise.</p> + +<p><b>Arimas'pians,</b> a one-eyed people of Scythia, who adorned their hair +with gold. As gold mines were guarded by Gryphons, there were perpetual +contentions between the Arimaspians and the Gryphons. (See GRYPHON.)</p> + +Arimaspi, quos diximus uno oculo in fronte<br> +media in signes; quibus assidue bellum esse<br> +circa metella cum gryphis, ferarum volucri genere,<br> +quale vulgo traditur, eruente ex cuniculis<br> +aurum, mire cupiditate et feris custodientibus,<br> +et Arimaspis rapientibus, multi, sed maxime<br> +illustres Herodotus et Aristeas Proconnesius scribunt.—Pliny,<br> +<i>Nat. Hist.</i> vii. 2.<br> + +<p><b>Ar'ioch</b> ("<i>a fierce lion</i>"), one of the fallen angels overthrown by +Abdiel.—Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, vi. 371 (1665).</p> + +<p><b>Ariodan'tes</b> (5 <i>syl</i>.), the beloved of Geneu'ra, a Scotch princess. +Geneura being accused of incontinence, Ariodantês stood forth her +champion, vindicated her innocence, and married her.—Ariosto, <i>Orlando +Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Ari'on.</b> William Falconer, author of <i>The Shipwreck</i>, speaks of +himself under this <i>nom de plume</i> (canto iii). He was sent to sea when a +lad, and says he was eager to investigate the "antiquities of foreign +states." He was junior officer in the <i>Britannia</i>, which was wrecked +against the projecting verge of cape Colonna, the most southern point of +Attica, and was the only officer who survived.</p> + +Thy woes, Arion, and thy simple tale<br> +O'er all the hearts shall triumph and prevail.<br> +Campbell, <i>Pleasures of Hope</i>, ii. (1799).<br> + +<p><i>Ari'on</i>, a Greek musician, who, to avoid being murdered for his wealth, +threw himself into the sea, and was carried to Tæ'naros on the back of a +dolphin.</p> + +<p><i>Ari'on</i>, the wonderful horse which Herculês gave to Adrastos. It had +the gift of human speech, and the feet on the right side were the feet +of a man.</p> + +<p>(One of the masques in Sir W. Scott's <i>Kenilworth</i> is called "Arion.")</p> + +<p><b>Ario'sto of the North</b>, Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832).</p> + +And, like the Ariosto of the North,<br> +Sang ladye-love and war, romance and knightly worth.<br> + +<p>Byron, <i>Childe Harold</i>, iv. 40.</p> + +<p><b>Aristæ'us,</b> protector of vines and olives, huntsmen and herdsmen. He +instructed man also in the management of bees, taught him by his mother +Cyrenê.</p> + +In such a palace Aristæus found<br> +Cyrenê, when he bore the plaintive tale<br> +Of his lost bees to her maternal ear.<br> +Cowper, <i>The Ice Palace of Anne of Russia</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Aristar'chus,</b> any critic. Aristarchus of Samothrace was the +greatest critic of antiquity. His labors were chiefly directed to the +<i>Iliad</i> and <i>Odyssey</i> of Homer. He divided them into twenty-four books +each, marked every doubtful line with an obelos, and every one he +considered especially beautiful with an asterisk. (Fl. B.C. 156; died +aged 72.)</p> + +<p>The whole region of belle lettres fell under my inspection.... There, +sirs, like another Aristarch, I dealt out fame and damnation at +pleasure.—Samuel Foote, <i>The Liar</i>, i. 1.</p> + +<p>"How, friend," replied the archbishop, "has it [<i>the homily</i>] met with +any Aristarchus [<i>severe critic</i>]?"—Lesage, <i>Gil Blas</i>, vii. 4 (1715).</p> + +<p><b>Ariste</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), brother of Chrysale (2 <i>syl</i>.), not a <i>savant</i>, +but a practical tradesman. He sympathizes with Henriette, his womanly +niece, against his sister-in-law Philaminte (3 <i>syl</i>.) and her daughter +Armande (2 <i>syl</i>.), who <i>femmes savantes</i>.—Molière, <i>Les Femmes +Savantes</i> (1672).</p> + +<p><b>Ariste'as,</b> a poet who continued to appear and disappear alternately +for above 400 years, and who visited all the mythical nations of the +earth. When not in the human form, he took the form of a stag.—<i>Greek +Legend</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Aristi'des</b> (<i>The British</i>), Andrew Marvell, an influential member +of the House of Commons in the reign of Charles II. He refused every +offer of promotion, and a direct bribe tendered to him by the lord +treasurer. Dying in great poverty, he was buried, like Aristidês, at the +public expense (1620-1678).</p> + +<p><b>Aristip'pos,</b> a Greek philosopher of Cyre'nê, who studied under +Soc'ratês, and set up a philosophic school of his own, called +"he'donism" (<i>[Greek: aedonae]</i> "pleasure").</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> C. M. Wieland has an historic novel in German, called +<i>Aristippus</i>, in which he sets forth the philosophical dogmas of this +Cyrenian (1733-1813).</p> + +<p>An axiom of Aristippos was <i>Omnis Aristippum decuit color, et status, et +res</i> (Horace, <i>Epist</i>. i. 17, 23); and his great precept was <i>Mihi res, +non me rebus subjungere</i> (Horace, <i>Epist</i>. i. I, 18).</p> + +<p>I am a sort of Aristippus, and can equally accommodate myself to company +and solitude, to affluence and frugality.—Lesage, <i>Gil Blas</i>, v. 12 +(1715).</p> + +<p><b>Aristobu'lus,</b> called by Drayton Aristob'ulus (<i>Rom.</i> xvi. 10), and +said to be the first that brought to England the "glad tidings of +salvation." He was murdered by the Britons.</p> + +The first that ever told Christ crucified to us,<br> +By Paul and Peter sent, just Aristob'ulus ...<br> +By the Britons murdered was.<br> + +<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xxiv. (1622).</p> + +<p><b>Aristom'enes</b> (5 <i>syl</i>.), a young Messenian of the royal line, the +"Cid" of ancient Messe'nia. On one occasion he entered Sparta by night +to suspend a shield from the temple of Pallas. On the shield were +inscribed these words: "Aristomenês from the Spartan spoils dedicates +this to the goddess."</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">A similar tale is told of Fernando Perez del Pulgar, when serving +under Ferdinand of Castile at the siege of Grana'da. With fifteen +companions he entered Granada, then in the power of the Moors, and +nailed to the door of the principal mosque with his dagger a tablet +inscribed "Ave Maria!" then galloped back, before the guards recovered +from their amazement.—Washington Irving, <i>Conquest of Granada</i>, 91.</p> + +<p><b>Aristoph'anes</b> (5 <i>syl</i>.), a Greek who wrote fifty-four comedies, +eleven of which have survived to the present day (B.C. 444-380). He is +called "The Prince of Ancient Comedy," and Menander "The Prince of New +Comedy" (B.C. 342-291).</p> + +<p><i>The English</i> or <i>Modern Aristophanes</i>, Samuel Foote (1722-1777).</p> + +<p><i>The French Aristophanes</i>, J. Baptiste Poquelin de Molière (1622-1673).</p> + +<p><b>Aristotle.</b> The mistress of this philosopher was Hepyllis; of Plato, +Archionassa; and of Epicurus, Leontium.</p> + +<p><i>Aristotle of China</i>, Tehuhe, who died A.D. 1200, called "The Prince of +Science."</p> + +<p><i>Aristotle of Christianity</i>, Thomas Aqui'nas, who tried to reduce the +doctrines of faith to syllogistic formulæ (1224-1274).</p> + +<p><i>Aristotle of the Nineteenth Century</i>, George Cuvier, the naturalist +(1769-1832).</p> + +<p><b>Ar'istotle in Love.</b> Godfrey Gobilyve told sir Graunde Amoure that +Aristotle the philosopher was once in love, and the lady promised to +listen to his prayer if he would grant her request. The terms being +readily accepted, she commanded him to go on all fours, and then, +putting a bridle into his mouth, mounted on his back, and drove him +about the room till he was so angry, weary, and disgusted, that he was +quite cured of his foolish attachment.—Stephen Hawes, <i>The Pastime of +Plesure</i>, xxix. (1555).</p> + +<p><b>Armadale</b> (<i>Allan</i>), bluff young Englishman, devoted to the sea and +ship-building, and prone to fall in love. He is betrothed, first to Miss +Milroy, a winning lass of sixteen, then to Miss Gwilt, her governess, +again and lastly to Miss Milroy, whom he marries.—Wilkie Collins, +<i>Armadale</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Armado</b> (<i>Don Adriano de</i>), a pompous, affected Spaniard, called "a +refined traveller, in all the world's new fashion planted, that had a +mint of phrases in his brain. One whom the music of his own vain tongue +did ravish." This man was chosen by Ferdinand, the king of Navarre, when +he resolved to spend three years in study with three companions, to +relate in the interim of his studies "in high-born words the worth of +many a knight from tawny Spain lost in the world's debate."</p> + +<p>His humor is lofty, his discourse peremptory, his tongue filed, his eye +ambitious, his gait majestical, and his general behavior vain, +ridiculous, and thrasonical.... He draweth out the thread of his +verbosity finer than the staple of his argument.—Shakespeare, <i>Love's +Labor's Lost</i>, act v. sc. 1 (1594).</p> + +<p><b>Armande</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of Chrysale (2 <i>syl</i>.), and sister of +Henriette. Armande is a <i>femme savante</i>, and Henriette a "thorough +woman." Both love Clitandre, but Armande loves him platonically, while +Henriette loves him with womanly affection. Clitandre prefers the +younger sister, and after surmounting the usual obstacles, marries +her.—Molière, <i>Les Femmes Savantes</i> (1672).</p> + +<p><b>Armi'da,</b> a sorceress, who seduces Rinaldo and other crusaders from +the siege of Jerusalem. Rinaldo is conducted by her to her splendid +palace, where he forgets his vows, and abandons himself to sensual joys. +Carlo and Ubaldo are sent to bring him back, and he escapes from Armida; +but she follows him, and not being able to allure him back again, sets +fire to her palace, rushes into the midst of the fight, and is slain.</p> + +[Julia's] small hand<br> +Withdrew itself from his, but left behind<br> +A little pressure ... but ne'er magician's wand<br> +Wrought change with, all Armida's fairy art,<br> +Like what this light touch left on Juan's heart.<br> +Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, i. 71.<br> + +<p>When the young queen of Frederick William of Prussia rode about in +military costume to incite the Prussians to arms against Napoleon, the +latter wittily said, "She is Armida in her distraction setting fire to +her own palace."</p> + +<p>(Both Glück and Rossini have taken the story of Armida as the subject of +an opera.)</p> + +<p><i>Armida's Girdle</i>. Armida had an enchanted girdle, which, "in price and +beauty," surpassed all her other ornaments; even the cestus of Venus was +less costly. It told her everything; "and when she would be loved, she +wore the same."—Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p> + +<p><b>Arm'strong</b> (<i>John</i>), called "The Laird's Jock." He is the laird of +Mangerton. This old warrior witnesses a national combat in the valley of +Liddesdale, between his son (the Scotch chieftain) and Foster (the +English champion), in which young Armstrong is overthrown.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>The Laird's Jock</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><i>Armstrong (Grace)</i>, the bride-elect of Hobbie Elliot of the heugh-foot, +a young farmer.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Black Dwarf</i> (time, Anne).</p> + +<p><i>Armstrong (Archie)</i>, court jester to James I., introduced in <i>The +Fortunes of Nigel</i>, by Sir Walter Scott (1822).</p> + +<p><b>Ar'naut,</b> an Albanian mountaineer. The word means "a brave man."</p> + +<p>Stained with the best of Arnaut blood. Byron, <i>The Giaour</i>, 526.</p> + +<p><b>Arnheim</b> (2 <i>syl.). The baron Herman von Arnheim</i>, Anne of +Geierstein's grandfather.</p> + +<p><i>Sibilla of Arnheim</i>, Anne's mother.</p> + +<p><i>The baroness of Arnheim</i>, Anne of Geierstein.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne of +Geierstein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Arnold,</b> the deformed son of Bertha, who hates him for his ugliness. +Weary of life, he is about to make away with himself, when a stranger +accosts him, and promises to transform him into any shape he likes best. +He chooses that of Achilles, and then goes to Rome, where he joins the +besieging army of Bourbon. During the siege, Arnold enters St. Peter's +of Rome just in time to rescue Olimpia, but the proud beauty, to prevent +being taken captive by him, flings herself from the high altar on the +pavement, and is taken up apparently lifeless. As the drama was never +completed, the sequel is not known.—Byron, <i>The Deformed Transformed</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Ar'nold</i>, the torch-bearer at Rotherwood.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> +(time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><i>Ar'nold</i> of Benthuysen, disguised as a beggar, and called +"Ginks."—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Beggar's Bush</i> (1622).</p> + +<p><b>Arnold Brinkworth,</b> frank, whole-souled sailor, in love with and +betrothed to Blanche Lundie. Through his friendship for the man who has +betrayed Anne Silvestre, and desire to serve the hapless woman, he is +the bearer of a message to her from <i>Geoffrey Delamayne</i>, and is +mistaken for her husband. Through this blunder he finds himself married +by Scotch law to Anne, while he is engaged to Blanche.—Wilkie Collins, +<i>Man and Wife</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Arnol'do</b>, son of Melchtal, patriot of the forest cantons of +Switzerland. He was in love with Mathilde (3 <i>syl.</i>), sister of Gessler, +the Austrian governor of the district. When the tyranny of Gessler drove +the Swiss into rebellion, Arnoldo joined the insurgents, but after the +death of Gessler he married Mathilde, whose life he had saved when it +was imperilled by an avalanche.—Rossini, <i>Guglielmo Tell</i> (1829).</p> + +<p><i>Arnol'do</i>, a gentleman contracted to Zeno'cia, a chaste lady, +dishonorably pursued by the governor, count Clodio.—Beaumont and +Fletcher, <i>The Custom of the Country</i> (1647).</p> + +<p><b>Ar'nolphe</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), a man of wealth, who has a crotchet about the +proper training of girls to make good wives, and tries his scheme on +Agnes, whom he adopts from a peasant's hut, and intends in time to make +his wife. She is brought up, from the age of four years, in a country +convent, where difference of sex and the conventions of society are +wholly ignored; but when removed from the convent Agnes treats men like +school-girls, nods to them familiarly, kisses them, and plays with them. +Being told by her guardian that married women have more freedom than +maidens, she asks him to marry her; however, a young man named Horace +falls in love with her, and makes her his wife, so Arnolphe, after all, +profits nothing by his pains.—Molière, <i>L'École des Femmes</i> (1662).</p> + +Dans un petit couvent loin de toute pratique<br> +Je le fis élever selon ma politique<br> +C'est-à-dire, ordonnant quels soins on emploieroit<br> +Pour le rendre idiote autant qu'il se pourroit.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 11.5em;">Act i. I.</span><br> + +<p><b>Ar'not</b> (<i>Andrew</i>), one of the yeomen of the Balafre [Ludovic +Lesly].—Sir W. Scott, <i>Quentin Durward</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Aron'teus</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>), an Asiatic king, who joined the Egyptian +armament against the crusaders.—Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p> + +<p><b>Arpa'sia,</b> the betrothed of Mone'sês, a Greek, but made by +constraint the bride of Baj'azet sultan of Turkey. Bajazet commanded +Monesês to be bow-strung in the presence of Arpasia, to frighten her +into subjection, but she died at the sight.—N. Eowe, <i>Tamerlane</i> +(1702).</p> + +<p><b>Ar'rot</b>, the weasel in the beast-epic of <i>Reynard the Fox</i> (1498).</p> + +<p><b>Arrow-head</b>, Indian warrior in Cooper's <i>Pathfinder</i>, the husband of +Dew-in-June (1840).</p> + +<p><b>Arrow-maker</b>, father of Minnehaha, in Longfellow's <i>Hiawatha</i> +(1855).</p> + +<p><b>Ar'saces</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), the patronymic name of the Persian kings, from +Arsaces, their great monarch. It was generally added to some distinctive +name or appellation, as the Roman emperors added the name of Cæsar to +their own.</p> + +Cujus memoriae hunc honorem Parthi tribuerunt<br> +ut omnes exinde reges suos Arsacis nomine<br> +nuncupent.—Justin, <i>Historiarae Philippicae</i>, xli.<br> + +<p><b>Arse'tes</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), the aged eunuch who brought up Clorinda, and +attended on her.—Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p> + +<p><b>Arsinoë</b>, prude in Molière's comedy <i>Le Misanthrope</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Ar'tamenes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.) or <b>Le Grand Cyrus</b>, a "long-winded +romance," by Mdlle. Scudéri (1607-1701).</p> + +<p><b>Artaxam'inous,</b> king of Utopia, married to Griskinissa, whom he +wishes to divorce for Distaffi'na. But Distaffina is betrothed to +general Bombastês, and when the general finds that his "fond one" +prefers "half a crown" to himself, he hates all the world, and +challenges the whole race of man by hanging his boots on a tree, and +daring any one to displace them. The king, coming to the spot, reads the +challenge, and cuts the boots down, whereupon Bombastês falls on his +majesty, and "kills him," in a theatrical sense, for the dead monarch, +at the close of the burletta, joins in the dance, and promises, if the +audience likes, "to die again to-morrow."—W. B. Rhodes, <i>Bombastes +Furioso</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Ar'tegal or Arthegal</b> (<i>Sir</i>), son of Gorloïs prince of Cornwall, +stolen in infancy by the fairies, and brought up in Fairyland. +Brit'omart saw him in Venus's looking-glass, and fell in love with him. +She married him, and became the mother of Aurelius Conan, from whom +(through Cadwallader) the Tudor dynasty derives descent. The wanderings +of Britomart, as a lady knight-errant and the impersonation of chastity, +is the subject of bk. iii. of the <i>Faëry Queen</i>; and the achievements of +sir Artegal, as the impersonation of justice, is the subject of bk. v.</p> + +<p>Sir Artegal's first exploit was to decide to which claimant a living +woman belonged. This he decided according to Solomon's famous judgment +respecting "the living and dead child" (canto 1). His next was to +destroy the corrupt practice of bribery and toll (canto 2). His third +was the exposing of Braggadoccio and his follower Trompart (canto 3). He +had then to decide to which brother a chest of money found at sea +belonged, whether to Bracidas or Am'idas; he gave judgment in favor of +the former (canto 4). He then fell into the hands of Rad'igund queen of +the Amazons, and was released by Britomart (cantos 5 and 6), who killed +Radigund (canto 7). His last and greatest achievement was the +deliverance of Ire'na <i>(Ireland)</i> from Grantorto <i>(rebellion)</i>, whom he +slew (canto 12).</p> + +<p>N.B.—This rebellion was that called the earl of Desmond's, in 1580. +Before bk. iv. 6, Artegal is spelled Arthegal, but never afterwards.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> "Sir Artegal" is meant for lord Gray of Wilton, Spenser's +friend. He was sent in 1580 into Ireland as lord-lieutenant, and the +poet was his secretary. The marriage of Artegal with Britomart means +that the justice of lord Gray was united to purity of mind or perfect +integrity of conduct.—Spenser's <i>Faëry Queen</i>, v. (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Artemis'ia</b>, daughter of Lygdamis and queen of Carlia. With five +ships she accompanied Xerxes in his invasion of Greece, and greatly +distinguished herself in the battle of Salamis by her prudence and +courage. (This is <i>not</i> the Artemisia who built the Mausoleum.)</p> + +Our statues ... she<br> +The foundress of the Babylonian wall <i>[Semirfa-mis]</i>;<br> +The Carian Artemisia strong in war.<br> +<br> +Tennyson, <i>The Princess</i>, ii.<br> + +<p><i>Artemis'ia</i>, daughter of Hecatomnus and sister-wife of Mauso'lus. +Artemisia was queen of Caria, and at the death of her fraternal husband +raised a monument to his memory (called a mausole'um), which was one +of the "Seven Wonders of the World." It was built by four different +architects: Scopas, Timotheus, Leocharês, and Bruxis.</p> + +<br> +This made the four rare masters which began<br> +Fair Artemysia's husband's dainty tomb<br> +(When death took her before the work was done,<br> +And so bereft them of all hopes to come),<br> +That they would yet their own work perfect make<br> +E'en for their workes, and their self-glories sake.<br> +<br> + +<p>Lord Brooke, <i>An Inquiry upon Fame, etc</i>. (1554-1628).</p> + +<p><b>Artemus Ward,</b> travelling showman and philosopher, whose adventures +and sayings as given by Charles Brown were a new departure in the +history of American dialect literature (1862).</p> + +<p><b>Artful Dodger,</b> the sobriquet of John Dawkins, a young thief, up to +every sort of dodge, and a most marvellous adept in villainy.—Dickens, +<i>Oliver Twist</i> (1837).</p> + +<p><b>Arthgallo,</b> a mythical British king, brother of Gorbonian, his +predecessor on the throne, and son of Mor'vidus, the tyrant who was +swallowed by a sea-monster. Arthgallo was deposed, and his brother +El'idure was advanced to the throne instead.—Geoffrey, <i>British +History</i>, iii. 17 (1142).</p> + +<p><b>Arthur</b> (<i>King</i>), parentage of. His father was Uther the pendragon, +and his mother Ygernê (3 <i>syl</i>.), widow of Gorloïs duke of Cornwall. But +Ygernê had been a widow only three hours, and knew not that the duke was +dead (pt. i. 2), and her marriage with the pendragon was not consummated +till thirteen days afterwards. When the boy was born Merlin took him, +and he was brought up as the foster-son of sir Ector (Tennyson says "sir +Anton"), till Merlin thought proper to announce him as the lawful +successor of Uther, and had him crowned. Uther lived two years after his +marriage with Ygernê.—Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 2, +6 (1470).</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Wherefore Merlin took the child</span><br> +And gave him to sir Anton, an old knight<br> +And ancient friend of Uther; and his wife<br> +Nursed the young prince, and reared him with her own.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 7em;">Tennyson, <i>Coming of Arthur</i>.</span><br> + +<p><i>Coming of Arthur</i>. Leod'ogran, king of Cam'eliard (3 <i>syl.</i>), appealed +to Arthur to assist him in clearing his kingdom of robbers and wild +beasts. This being done, Arthur sent three of his knights to Leodogran, +to beg the hand of his daughter Guenever in marriage. To this Leodogran, +after some little hesitation, agreed, and sir Lancelot was sent to +escort the lady to Arthur's court.</p> + +<p><i>Arthur not dead</i>. According to tradition Arthur is not dead, but rests +in Glastonbury, "till he shall come again full twice as fair, to rule +over his people." (See BARBAROSSA.)</p> + +<p>According to tradition, Arthur never died, but was converted into a +raven by enchantment, and will, in the fulness of time, appear again in +his original shape, to recover his throne and sceptre. For this reason +there is never a raven killed in England.—Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I +ii. 5 (1605).</p> + +<p><i>Arthur's Twelve Battles</i> (or victories over the Saxons). I. The battle +of the river Glem (<i>i.e.</i> the glen of Northumberland). 2 to 5. The four +battles of the Duglas (which falls into the estuary of the Ribble). 6. +The battle of Bassa, said to be Bashall Brook, which joins the Ribble +near Clithero. 7. The battle of Celidon, said to be Tweeddale. 8. The +battle of Castle Gwenion (<i>i.e.</i> Caer Wen, in Wedale, Stow). 9. The +battle of Caerleon, <i>i.e.</i> Carlisle; which Tennyson makes to be +Caerleon-upon-Usk. 10. The battle of Trath Treroit, in Anglesey, some +say the Solway Frith. 11. The battle of Agned Cathregonion (<i>i.e.</i> +Edinburgh). 12. The battle of Badon Hill (<i>i.e.</i> the Hill of Bath, now +Bannerdown).</p> + +<p>Then bravely chanted they The several twelve pitched fields he +[<i>Arthur</i>] with the Saxons fought. M. Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, iv. (1612).</p> + +<p><i>Arthur, one of the Nine Worthies</i>. Three were Gentiles: Hector, +Alexander, and Julius Cæsar; three were Jews: Joshua, David, and Judas +Maccabæus; three were Christians: Arthur, Charlemagne, and Godfrey of +Bouillon.</p> + +<p><i>Arthur's Foster-Father and Mother</i>, sir Ector and his lady. Their son, +sir Key (his foster-brother), was his seneschal or steward.—Sir T. +Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 3, 8 (1470).</p> + +<p>N.B.—Tennyson makes sir Anton the foster-father of Arthur.</p> + +<p><i>Arthur's Butler</i>, sir Lucas or Lucan, son of duke Corneus; but sir +Griflet, son of Cardol, assisted sir Key and sir Lucas "in the rule of +the service."—<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 8 (1470).</p> + +<p><i>Arthur's Sisters</i> [half-sisters], Morgause or Margawse (wife of king +Lot); Elain (wife of king Nentres of Carlot); and Morgan le Fay, the +"great clark of Nigromancy," who wedded king Vrience, of the land of +Corê, father of Ewayns le Blanchemayne. Only the last had the same +mother (Ygraine or Ygernê) as the king.—Sir T. Malory, <i>History of +Prince Arthur</i>, i. 2.</p> + +<p><i>Arthur's Sons</i>—Urien, Llew, and Arawn. Borre was his son by Lyonors, +daughter of the earl Sanam.—<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 15. Mordred +was his son by Elain, wife of king Nentres of Carlot. In some of the +romances collated by sir T. Malory he is called the son of Morgause and +Arthur; Morgause being called the wife of king Lot, and sister of +Arthur. This incest is said to have been the cause of Mordred's hatred +of Arthur.—Pt. i. 17, 36, etc.</p> + +<p><i>Arthur's Drinking-Horn</i>. No one could drink from this horn who was +either unchaste or unfaithful.—<i>Lai du Corn</i> and <i>Morte d'Arthur</i>. (See +CHASTITY.)</p> + +<p><i>Arthur's Shield</i>, Pridwin. Geoffrey calls it Priwen, and says it was +adorned with the picture of the Virgin Mary.—<i>British History</i>, ix. 4 +(1142).</p> + +<p><i>Arthur's Spear</i>, Rone. Geoffrey calls it Ron. It was made of +ebony.—<i>British History</i>, ix. 4 (1142).</p> + +His spere he nom an honde tha Ron wes ihaten.<br> +Layamon. <i>Brut</i>, (twelfth century).<br> + +<p><i>Arthur's Sword</i>, Escal'ibur or Excal'ibur. Geoffrey calls it Caliburn, +and says it was made in the isle of Avallon.—<i>British History</i>, ix. 4 +(1142).</p> + +The temper of his sword, the tried Escalabour,<br> +The bigness and the length of Rone, his noble<br> +spear,<br> +With Pridwin, his great shield.<br> + +<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, iv. (1612).</p> + +<p><i>Arthur's Round Table</i>. It contained seats for 150 knights. Three were +reserved, two for honor, and one (called the "siege perilous") for sir +Galahad, destined to achieve the quest of the sangreal. If any one else +attempted to sit in it, his death was the certain penalty.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> There is a table so called at Winchester, and Henry VIII. +showed it to François I. as the very table made by Merlin for Uther the +pendragon.</p> + +And for great Arthur's seat, her Winchester<br> +prefers,<br> +Whose old round table yet she vaunteth to be<br> +hers.<br> + +<p>M. Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, ii. (1612).</p> + +<p><i>Arthur</i> (<i>King</i>), in the burlesque opera of</p> + +<p><i>Tom Thumb</i>, has Dollallolla for his queen, and Huncamunca for his +daughter. This dramatic piece, by Henry Fielding, the novelist, was +produced in 1730, but was altered by Kane O'Hara, author of <i>Midas</i>, +about half a century later.</p> + +<p><b>Arthurian Romances.</b></p> + +<p><i>King Arthur and the Round Table</i>, a romance in verse (1096).</p> + +<p><i>The Holy Graal</i> (in verse, 1100).</p> + +<p><i>Titurel</i>, or <i>The Guardian of the Holy Graal</i>, by Wolfram von +Eschenbach. Titurel founded the temple of Graalburg as a shrine for the +holy graal.</p> + +<p><i>The Romance of Parzival</i>, prince of the race of the kings of Graalburg. +By Wolfram of Eschenbach (in verse). This romance (written about 1205) +was partly founded upon a French poem by Chrétien de Troyes, <i>Parceval +le Gallois</i> (1170).</p> + +<p><i>Launcelot of the Lake</i>, by Ulrich of Zazikoven, contemporary with +William Rufus.</p> + +<p><i>Wigalois</i>, or <i>The Knight of the Wheel</i>, by Wirnd of Graffenberg. This +adventurer leaves his mother in Syria, and goes in search of his father, +a knight of the Round Table.</p> + +<p><i>I'wain</i>, or <i>The Knight of the Lion</i>, and <i>Ereck</i>, by Hartmann von der +Aue (thirteenth century).</p> + +<p><i>Tristan and Yseult</i> (in verse), by Master Grottfried of Strasburg +(thirteenth century). This is also the subject of Luc du Grast's prose +romance, which was revised by Elie de Borron, and turned into verse by +Thomas the Rhymer, of Erceldoune, under the title of the <i>Romance of +Tristram</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Merlyn Ambroise</i>, by Robert de Borron.</p> + +<p><i>Roman des diverses Quétes de St. Graal</i>, by Walter Mapes (prose).</p> + +<p><i>La Morte d'Arthur</i>, by Walter Mapes.</p> + +<p><i>A Life of Joseph of Arimathea</i>, by Robert de Borron.</p> + +<p><i>The Idylls of the King</i>, by Tennyson, in blank verse, containing "The +Coming of Arthur," "Gareth and Lynette," "Geraint and Enid," "Merlin and +Vivien," "Lancelot and Elaine," "The Holy Graal," "Peleas and Ettarre" +(2 <i>syl.</i>), "The Last Tournament," "Guinevere" (3 <i>syl.</i>) and "The +Passing of Arthur," which is the "Morte d'Arthur" with an introduction +added to it.</p> + +<p>(The old Arthurian Romances have been collated and rendered into English +by sir Thomas Malory, in three parts. Part i. contains the early history +of Arthur and the beautiful allegory of Gareth and Linet; part ii. +contains the adventures of sir Tristram; and part iii. the adventures of +sir Launcelot, with the death of Arthur and his knights. Sir Frederick +Madden and J.T.K. have also contributed to the same series of legends.)</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"><i>Sources of the Arthurian Romances</i>. The prose series of +romances called Arthurian, owe their origin to: 1. The legendary +chronicles composed in Wales or Brittany, such as <i>De Excidio +Britanniae</i> of Gildas. 2. The chronicles of Nennius (ninth century). 3. +The Armoric collections of Walter [Cale'nius] or Gauliter, archdeacon of +Oxford. 4. The <i>Chronicon sive Historia Britonum</i> of Geoffrey of +Monmouth. 5. Floating traditions and metrical ballads and romances. (See +CHARLEMAGNE.)</p> + +<p><b>Ar'thuret</b> <i>(Miss Seraphina</i> the papist and <i>Miss Angelica</i>), two +sisters in sir W. Scott's novel called <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George +III.).</p> + +<p><b>Arthur Kavanagh</b>, the new pastor in the Fairmeadow parish, endowed +"with the zeal of Peter and the gentleness of John," who writes on his +study-door Dante's injunction—</p> + +<p>Think that To-day will never dawn again. <i>Kavanagh. A Tale</i>, by H.W. +Longfellow (1872).</p> + +<p><b>Arthur Livingston</b>, an American traveller in Egypt who falls in +love, at first leisurely, finally desperately, with the heroine of +<i>Kismet</i> by George Fleming (Julia C. Fletcher) (1877).</p> + +<p><b>Arthur Ripley</b>, young New York lawyer employed in the criminal case +that is the pivotal centre of interest in Sidney Luska's (Harry Harland) +novel, <i>Mrs. Peixada</i> (1886).</p> + +<p><b>Ar'turo</b> (lord Arthur Talbot), a cavalier affianced to Elvi'ra "the +puritan," daughter of lord Walton. On the day appointed for the wedding, +Arturo has to aid Enrichetta (<i>Henrietta, widow of Charles I.</i>) in her +escape, and Elvira, supposing he is eloping with a rival, temporarily +loses her reason. On his return, Arturo explains the circumstances, and +they vow never more to part. At this juncture Arturo is arrested for +treason, and led away to execution; but a herald announces the defeat of +the Stuarts, and free pardon of all political offenders, whereupon +Arturo is released, and marries "the fair puritan."—Bellini's opera, +<i>I Puritani</i> (1834).</p> + +<p><i>Ar'turo</i> [BUCKLAW]. So Frank Hayston is called in Donizetti's opera of +<i>Lucia di Lammermoor</i> (1835). (See HAYSTON.)</p> + +<p><b>Ar'valan</b>, the wicked son of Keha'ma, slain by Ladur'lad for +attempting to dishonor his daughter Kail'yal (2 <i>syl.</i>). After this, his +spirit became the relentless persecutor of the holy maiden, but holiness +and chastity triumphed over sin and lust. Thus when Kailyal was taken to +the bower of bliss in paradise, Arvalan borrowed the dragon-car of the +witch Lor'rimite (3 <i>syl.</i>) to carry her off; but when the dragons came +in sight of the holy place they were unable to mount, and went +perpetually downwards, till Arvalan was dropped into an ice-rift of +perpetual snow. When he presented himself before her in the temple of +Jaganaut, she set fire to the pagoda. And when he caught the maiden +waiting for her father, who was gone to release the glendoveer from the +submerged city of Baly, Baly himself came to her rescue.</p> + +"Help, help, Kehama! help!" he cried.<br> +But Baly tarried not to abide<br> +That mightier power. With irresistible feet<br> +He stampt and cleft the earth. It opened wide,<br> +And gave him way to his own judgment-seat.<br> +Down like a plummet to the world below<br> +He sank ... to punishment deserved and endless woe.<br> +<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Southey, <i>Curse of Kehama</i>, xvii. 12 (1809).</span><br> + +<p><b>Arvi'da</b> (<i>Prince</i>), a noble friend of Gustavus Vasa. Both Arvida +and Gustavus are in love with Christi'na, daughter of Christian II. king +of Scandinavia. Christian employs the prince to entrap Gustavus, but +when he approaches him the better instincts of old friendship and the +nobleness of Gustavus prevail, so that Arvida not only refuses to betray +his friend, but even abandons to him all further rivalry in the love of +Christina.—H. Brooke, <i>Gustavus Vasa</i> (1730).</p> + +<p><b>Arvir'agus</b>, the husband of Do'rigen. Aurelius tried to win her +love, but Dorigen made answer that she would never listen to his suit +till the rocks that beset the coast were removed, "and there n'is no +stone y-seen." By the aid of magic, Aurelius caused all the rocks of the +coast to disappear, and Dorigen's husband insisted that she should keep +her word. When Aurelius saw how sad she was, and was told that she had +come in obedience to her husband's wishes, he said he would rather die +than injure so true a wife and noble a gentleman.—Chaucer, <i>Canterbury +Tales</i> ("The Franklin's Tale," 1388).</p> + +<p>(This is substantially the same as Boccaccio's tale of <i>Dianora and +Gilberto</i>, day x. 5. See DIANORA.)</p> + +<p><i>Arvir'agus</i>, younger son of Cym'beline (3 <i>syl.</i>) king of Britain, and +brother of Guide'rius. The two in early childhood were kidnapped by +Bela'rius, out of revenge for being unjustly banished, and were brought +up by him in a cave. When they were grown to manhood, Belarius, having +rescued the king from the Romans, was restored to favor. He then +introduced the two young men to Cymbeline, and told their story, upon +which the king was rejoiced to find that his two sons whom he thought +dead were both living.—Shakespeare, <i>Cymbeline</i> (1605).</p> + +<p><b>Aryan Languages</b> (<i>The</i>)—</p> + +1. Sanskrit, whence Hindustanee.<br> +2. Zend, whence Persian.<br> +3. Greek, whence Romaic.<br> +4. Latin, whence Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Wallachian<br> +(<i>Romance</i>).<br> +5. Keltic, whence Welsh, Irish, Gaelic.<br> +6. Gothic, whence Teutonic, English, Scandinavian.<br> +7. Slavonic, whence European Russian, and Austrian.<br> + +<p><b>As You Like It</b>, a comedy by Shakespeare. One of the French dukes, +being driven from his dukedom by his brother, went with certain +followers to the forest of Arden, where they lived a free and easy life, +chiefly occupied in the chase. The deposed duke had one daughter, named +Rosalind, whom the usurper kept at court as the companion of his own +daughter Celia, and the two cousins were very fond of each other. At a +wrestling match Rosalind fell in love with Orlando, who threw his +antagonist, a giant and professional athlete. The usurping duke +(Frederick) now banished her from the court, but her cousin Celia +resolved to go to Arden with her; so Rosalind in boy's clothes (under +the name of Ganymede), and Celia as a rustic maiden (under the name of +Alie'na), started to find the deposed duke. Orlando being driven from +home by his elder brother, also went to the forest of Arden, and was +taken under the duke's protection. Here he met the ladies, and a double +marriage was the result—Orlando married Rosalind, and his elder brother +Oliver married Celia. The usurper retired to a religious house, and the +deposed duke was restored to his dominions.—(1598.)</p> + +<p><b>Asaph.</b> So Tate calls Dryden in <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>.</p> + +While Judah's throne and Zion's rock stand fast,<br> +The song of Asaph and his fame shall last.<br> +<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Part ii.</span><br> + +<p><i>Asaph (St.)</i> a British [<i>i.e. Welsh</i>] monk of the sixth century, abbot +of Llan-Elvy, which changed its name to St. Asaph, in honor of him.</p> + +So bishops can she bring, of which her saints shall be:<br> +As Asaph, who first gave that name unto that see.<br> +<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xxiv. (1622).</span><br> + +<p><b>Ascal'aphos</b>, son of Acheron, turned into an owl for tale-telling +and trying to make mischief.—<i>Greek Fable</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Asca'nio</b>, son of don Henrique (2 <i>syl.</i>), in the comedy called <i>The +Spanish Curate</i>, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1622).</p> + +<p><b>As'capart</b> or <b>As'cupart</b>, an enormous giant, thirty feet high, +who carried off sir Bevis, his wife Jos'ian, his sword Morglay, and his +steed Ar'undel, under his arm. Sir Bevis afterwards made Ascapart his +slave, to run beside his horse. The effigy of sir Bevis is on the city +gates of Southampton.—Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, ii. (1612).</p> + +<p>He was a man whose huge stature, thews, sinews, and bulk ... would have +enabled him to enact "Colbrand," "Ascapart," or any other giant of +romance, without raising himself nearer to heaven even by the altitude +of a chopin.—Sir W. Scott.</p> + +Those Ascaparts, men big enough to throw<br> +Charing Cross for a bar.<br> +<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Dr. Donne (1573-1631).</span><br> + +<p>Thus imitated by Pope (1688-1744)—</p> + +Each man an Ascapart of strength to toss<br> +For quoits both Temple Bar and Charing Cross.<br> + +<p><b>Ascræ'an Sage</b>, or <i>Ascræan poet</i>, Hesiod, who was born at Ascra, in +Boeo'tia. Virgil calls him "The Old Ascræan."</p> + +Hos tibi dant calamos, en accipe, Musæ<br> +Ascræo quos ante seni.<br> +<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Ecl.</i> vii. 70.</span><br> + +<p><b>As'ebie</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), Irreligion personified in <i>The Purple Island</i> +(1633), by Phineas Fletcher (canto vii.). He had four sons: Idol'atros +(<i>idolatry</i>), Phar'makeus (3 <i>syl</i>.) (<i>witchcraft</i>), Hæret'icus, and +Hypocrisy; all fully described by the poet. (Greek, <i>asebeia</i>, +"impiety.")</p> + +<p><b>Asel'ges</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), Lasciviousness personified. One of the four +sons of Anag'nus (<i>inchastity</i>), his three brothers being Mæchus +(<i>adultery</i>), Pornei'us (<i>fornication</i>), and Acath'arus. Seeing his +brother Porneius fall by the spear of Parthen'ia (<i>maidenly chastity</i>), +Aselgês rushes forward to avenge his death, but the martial maid caught +him with her spear, and tossed him so high i' the air "that he hardly +knew whither his course was bent." (Greek, <i>aselgês</i>, "intemperate, +wanton.")—Phineas Fletcher, <i>The Purple Island</i>, xi. (1633).</p> + +<p><b>As'en</b>, strictly speaking, are only the three gods next in rank to +the twelve male Asir; but the word is not unfrequently used for the +Scandinavian deities generally.</p> + +<p><b>Ashburton</b> (<i>Mary</i>), heroine of <i>Hyperion</i>, by H.W. Longfellow +(1839).</p> + +<p><b>Ash'field</b> (<i>Farmer</i>), a truly John Bull farmer, tender-hearted, +noble-minded but homely, generous but hot-tempered. He loves his +daughter Susan with the love of a woman. His favorite expression is +"Behave pratty," and he himself always tries to do so. His daughter +Susan marries Robert Handy, the son of sir Abel Handy.</p> + +<p><i>Dame Ashfield</i>, the farmer's wife, whose <i>bête noire</i> is a neighboring +farmer named Grundy. What Mrs. Grundy will say, or what Mrs. Grundy will +think or do, is dame Ashfield's decalogue and gospel too.</p> + +<p><i>Susan Ashfield</i>, daughter of farmer and dame Ashfield.—Thom. Morton, +<i>Speed the Plough</i> (1764-1838).</p> + +<p><b>Ash'ford</b> (<i>Isaac</i>), "a wise, good man, contented to be +poor."—Crabbe, <i>Parish Register</i> (1807).</p> + +<p><b>Ashpenaz</b>, chief of eunuchs, and majordomo to Nebuchadnezzar, the +Babylonian monarch. Wily, corpulent, and avaricious, a creature to be at +once feared and despised.—<i>The Master of the Magicians</i>, by Elizabeth +Stuart Phelps and Herbert D. Ward (1890).</p> + +<p><b>Ash'taroth</b>, a general name for all Syrian goddesses. (See +ASTORETH.)</p> + +[<i>They</i>] had general names<br> +Of Baälim and Ashtaroth: those male,<br> +These feminine.<br> + +<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 422 (1665).</p> + +<p><b>Ash'ton</b> (<i>Sir William</i>), the lord keeper of Scotland, and father of +Lucy Ashton.</p> + +<p><i>Lady Eleanor Ashton</i>, wife of sir William.</p> + +<p><i>Colonel Sholto Douglas Ashton</i>, eldest son of sir William.</p> + +<p><i>Lucy Ashton</i>, daughter of sir William, betrothed to Edgar (the master +of Ravenswood); but being compelled to marry Frank Hayston (laird of +Bucklaw), she tries to murder him in the bridal chamber, and becomes +insane. Lucy dies, but the laird recovers.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Bride of +Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p> + +<p>(This has been made the subject of an opera by Donizetti, called <i>Lucia +di Lammermoor</i>, 1835.)</p> + +<p><b>Asia</b>, the wife of that Pharaoh who brought up Moses. She was the +daughter of Mozahem. Her husband tortured her for believing in Moses; +but she was taken alive into paradise.—Sale, <i>Al Korân</i>, xx., note, and +Ixvi., note.</p> + +<p>Mahomet says, "Among women four have been perfect: Asia, wife of +Pharaoh; Mary, daughter of Imran; Khadijah, the prophet's first wife; +and Fatima, his own daughter."</p> + +<p><b>As'ir</b>, the twelve chief gods of Scandinavian mythology—Odin, Thor, +Baldr, Niord, Frey, Tyr, Bragi, Heimdall, Vidar, Vali, Ullur, and +Forseti.</p> + +<p>Sometimes the goddesses—Frigga, Freyja, Idu'na, and Saga, are ranked +among the Asir also.</p> + +<p><b>As'madai</b> (3 <i>syl.)</i> the same as As-mode'us <i>(4 syl.)</i> the lustful +and destroying angel, who robbed Sara of her seven husbands <i>(Tobit</i> +iii. 8). Milton makes him one of the rebellious angels overthrown by +Uriel and Ra'phael. Hume says the word means "the +<i>destroyer</i>."—<i>Paradise Lost</i>, vi 365 (1665).</p> + +<p><b>Asmode'us</b> <i>(4 syl.)</i>, the demon of vanity and dress, called in the +Talmud "king of the devils." As "dress" is one of the bitterest evils of +modern life, it is termed "the Asmodeus of domestic peace," a phrase +employed to express any "skeleton" in the house of a private family.</p> + +<p>In the book of <i>Tobit</i> Asmodeus falls in love with Sara, daughter of +Rag'uël, and causes the successive deaths of seven husbands each on his +bridal night, but when Sara married Tobit, Asmodeus was driven into +Egypt by a charm made of the heart and liver of a fish burnt on perfumed +ashes.</p> + +<p>(Milton throws the accent on the third +syl., Tennyson on the second.)</p> + +Better pleased<br> +Than Asmodeus with the fishy fume.<br> + +<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, iv. 168.</p> + +Abaddon and Asmodëus caught at me.<br> + +<p>Tennyson, <i>St. Simeon Stylitês</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Asmode'us</i>, a "diable bon-homme," with more gaiety than malice; not the +least like Mephistophelês. He is the companion of Cle'ofas, whom he +carries through the air, and shows him the inside of houses, where they +see what is being done in private or secrecy without being seen. +Although Asmodeus is not malignant, yet with all his wit, acuteness, and +playful malice, we never forget the fiend.—Le Sage, <i>Le Diable +Boiteux</i>.</p> + +<p>(Such was the popularity of the <i>Diable Boiteux</i>, that two young men +fought a duel in a bookseller's shop over the only remaining copy, an +incident worthy to be recorded by Asmodeus himself.)</p> + +<p>Miss Austen gives us just such a picture of domestic life as Asmodeus +would present could he remove the roof of many an English home.—<i>Encyc. +Brit</i>. Art. "Romance."</p> + +<p><b>Aso'tus</b>, Prodigality personified in <i>The Purple Island</i> (1633), by +Phineas Fletcher, fully described in canto viii. (Greek, <i>asotos</i>, "a +profligate.")</p> + +<p><b>Aspa'tia</b>, a maiden the very ideal of ill-fortune and wretchedness. +She is the troth-plight wife of Amintor, but Amintor, at the king's +request, marries Evad'ne (3 <i>syl</i>.). "Women point with scorn at the +forsaken Aspatia, but she bears it all with patience. The pathos of her +speeches is most touching, and her death forms the tragical event which +gives name to the drama."—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Maid's Tragedy</i> +(1610).</p> + +<p><b>As'pramonte</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), in Sir W. Scott's +<i>Count Robert of Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p> + +<i>The old knight</i>, father of <i>Brenhilda</i>.<br> +<i>The lady of Aspramonte</i>, the knight's wife.<br> +<i>Brenhilda of Aspramonte</i>, their daughter, wife of count Robert.<br> + +<p><b>As'rael</b> or <b>Az'rael,</b> an angel of death. He is immeasurable in +height, insomuch that the space between his eyes equals a 70,000 days' +journey.—<i>Mohammedan Mythology</i>.</p> + +<p><b>As'sad,</b> son of Camaral'zaman and Haiatal'nefous (5 <i>syl</i>.), and +half-brother of Amgiad (son of Camaralzaman and Badoura). Each of the +two mothers conceived a base passion for the other's son, and when the +young men repulsed their advances, accused them to their father of gross +designs upon their honor. Camaralzaman commanded his vizier to put them +both to death; but instead of doing so, he conducted them out of the +city, and told them not to return to their father's kingdom (the island +of Ebony). They wandered on for ten days, when Assad went to a city in +sight to obtain provisions. Here he was entrapped by an old +fire-worshipper, who offered him hospitality, but cast him into a +dungeon, intending to offer him up a human victim on the "mountain of +fire." The ship in which he was sent being driven on the coast of queen +Margiana, Assad was sold to her as a slave, but being recaptured was +carried back to his old dungeon. Here Bosta'na, one of the old man's +daughters, took pity on him, and released him, and ere long Assad +married queen Margiana, while Amgiad, out of gratitude, married +Bostana.—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("Amgiad and Assad").</p> + +<p><b>Astag'oras,</b> a female fiend, who has the power of raising +storms.—Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p> + +<p><b>Astar'te</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the Phoenician moon-goddess, the Astoreth of +the Syrians.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 10.5em;">With these</span><br> +Came Astoreth, whom the Phoenicians called<br> +Astarte, queen of heaven, with crescent horns.<br> +Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 438 (1665).<br> + +<p><i>As'tarte</i> (2 <i>syl</i>.), an attendant on the princess Anna Comne'na.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Count Robert of Paris</i> (time, Eufus).</p> + +<p><i>Astarte</i> a woman, beloved by Manfred.—Byron, <i>Manfred</i>.</p> + +<p>We think of Astarte as young, beautiful, innocent,—guilty, lost, +murdered, judged, pardoned; but still, in her permitted visit to earth, +speaking in a voice of sorrow, and with a countenance yet pale with +mortal trouble. We had but a glimpse of her in her beauty and innocence, +but at last she rises before us in all the moral silence of a ghost, +with fixed, glazed, and passionless eyes, revealing death, judgment, and +eternity.—Professor Wilson.</p> + +The lady Astarte his? Hush! who<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">comes here? (iii. 4.)</span><br> +...The same Astarte? no! (iii. 4.)<br> + +<p><b>As'tery,</b> a nymph in the train of Venus; the lightest of foot and +most active of all. One day the goddess, walking abroad with her nymphs, +bade them go gather flowers. Astery gathered most of all; but Venus, in +a fit of jealousy, turned her into a butterfly, and threw the flowers +into the wings. Since then all butterflies have borne wings of many gay +colors.—Spenser, <i>Muiopotmos or the Butterfly's Fate</i> (1590).</p> + +<p><b>Astol'pho,</b> the English cousin of Orlando; his father was Otho. He +was a great boaster, but was generous, courteous, gay, and singularly +handsome. Astolpho was carried to Alci'na's isle on the back of a whale; +and when Alcina tired of him, she changed him into a myrtle tree, but +Melissa disenchanted him. Astolpho descended into the infernal regions; +he also went to the moon, to cure Orlando of his madness by bringing +back his lost wits in a phial.—Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>As'ton</b> <i>(Sir Jacob)</i>, a cavalier during the Commonwealth; one of +the partisans of the late king.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i> (period, +Commonwealth).</p> + +<p><i>As'ton (Enrico).</i> So Henry Ashton is called in Donizetti's opera of +<i>Lucia di Lammermoor</i> (1835). (See ASHTON.)</p> + +<p><b>As'torax</b>, king of Paphos and brother of the princess +Calis.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Mad Lover</i> (before 1618).</p> + +<p><b>As'toreth,</b> the goddess-moon of Syrian mythology; called by +Jeremiah, "The Queen of Heaven," and by the Phoenicians, "Astar'tê."</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With these [<i>the host of heaven</i>] in troop</span><br> +Came Astoreth, whom the Phoenicians called<br> +Astartê, queen of heaven, with crescent horns.<br> +<br> +Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 438 (1665).<br> + +<p>(Milton does not always preserve the difference between Ashtaroth and +Ashtoreth; for he speaks of the "moonèd Ashtaroth, heaven's queen and +mother.")</p> + +<p><b>As'tragon,</b> the philosopher and great physician, by whom Gondibert +and his friends were cured of the wounds received in the faction fight +stirred up by prince Oswald. Astragon had a splendid library and museum. +One room was called "Great Nature's Office," another "Nature's Nursery," +and the library was called "The Monument of Vanished Mind." Astragon +(the poet says) discovered the loadstone and its use in navigation. He +had one child, Bertha, who loved duke Gondibert, and to whom she was +promised in marriage. The tale being unfinished, the sequel is not +known.—Sir W. Davenant, <i>Gondibert</i> (died 1668).</p> + +<p><b>Astre'a</b> <i>(Mrs. Alphra Behn</i>), an authoress. She published the story +of <i>Prince Oroonoka</i> (died 1689).</p> + +<p>The stage now loosely does Astrea tread. Pope.</p> + +<p><b>Astringer</b>, a falconer. Shakespeare introduces an astringer in +<i>All's Well that Ends Well</i>, act v. sc. 1. (From the French <i>austour</i>, +Latin <i>austercus</i>, "a goshawk.") A "gentle astringer" is a gentleman +falconer.</p> + +<p>We usually call a falconer who keeps that kind of hawk [the goshawk] an +austringer.—Cowell, <i>Law Dictionary</i>.</p> + +<p><b>As'tro-fiamman'te</b> (5 <i>syl</i>.), queen of the night. The word means +"flaming star."—Mozart, <i>Die Zauberflöte</i> (1791).</p> + +<p><b>Astronomer</b> (<i>The</i>), in <i>Rasselas</i>, an old enthusiast, who believed +himself to have the control and direction of the weather. He leaves +Imlac his successor, but implores him not to interfere with the +constituted order.</p> + +<p>"I have possessed," said he to Imlac, "for five years the regulation of +the weather, and the distribution of the seasons: the sun has listened +to my dictates, and passed from tropic to tropic by my direction; the +clouds, at my call, have poured their waters, and the Nile has +overflowed at my command; I have restrained the rage of the Dog-star, +and mitigated the fervor of the Crab. The winds alone ... have hitherto +refused my authority.... I am the first of human beings to whom this +trust has been imparted."—Dr. Johnson, <i>Rasselas</i>, xli.—xliii. (1759).</p> + +<p><b>As'trophel</b> (<i>Sir Philip Sidney</i>). "Phil. Sid." may be a contraction +of <i>philos sidus</i>, and the Latin <i>sidus</i> being changed to the Greek +<i>astron</i>, we get <i>astron philos</i> ("star-lover"). The "star" he loved was +Penelopê Devereux, whom he calls <i>Stella</i> ("star"), and to whom he was +betrothed. Spenser wrote a poem called <i>Astrophel</i>, to the memory of Sir +Philip Sidney.</p> + +But while as Astrophel did live and reign,<br> +Amongst all swains was none his paragon.<br> +<br> +Spenser, <i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again</i> (1591).<br> + +<p><b>Astyn'ome</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.) or <b>Chryseïs,</b> daughter of Chrysês priest +of Apollo. When Lyrnessus was taken, Astynomê fell to the share of +Agamemnon, but the father begged to be allowed to ransom her. Agamemnon +refused to comply, whereupon the priest invoked the anger of his patron +god, and Apollo sent a plague into the Grecian camp. This was the cause +of contention between Agamemnon and Achillês, and forms the subject of +Homer's epic called <i>The Iliad</i>.</p> + +<p><b>As'wad,</b> son of Shedad king of Ad. He was saved alive when the angel +of death destroyed Shedad and all his subjects, because he showed mercy +to a camel which had been bound to a tomb to starve to death, that it +might serve its master on the day of resurrection.—Southey, <i>Thalaba +the Destroyer</i> (1797).</p> + +<p><b>Ataba'lipa,</b> the last emperor of Peru, subdued by Pizarro, the +Spanish general. Milton refers to him in <i>Paradise Lost</i>, xi. 409 +(1665).</p> + +<p><b>At'ala,</b> the name of a novel by François Auguste Chateaubriand. +Atala, the daughter of a white man and a Christianized Indian, takes an +oath of virginity, but subsequently falling in love with Chactas, a +young Indian, she poisons herself for fear that she may be tempted to +break her oath. The novel was received with extraordinary enthusiasm +(1801).</p> + +<p>(This has nothing to do with <i>Attila</i>, king of the Huns, nor with +<i>Atlialie</i> (queen of Judah), the subject of Racine's great tragedy.)</p> + +<p><b>Atalanta</b>, of Arcadia, wished to remain single, and therefore gave +out that she would marry no one who could not outstrip her in running; +but if any challenged her and lost the race, he was to lose his life. +Hippom'enês won the race by throwing down golden apples, which Atalanta +kept stopping to pick up. William Morris has chosen this for one of his +tales in <i>Earthly Paradise</i> (March).</p> + +<p>In short, she thus appeared like another Atalanta.—Comtesse D'Aunoy, +<i>Fairy Tales</i> ("Fortunio," 1682).</p> + +<p><i>Atalanta</i>, the central figure in Algernon Charles Swinburne's poem +after Æschylus <i>Atalanta in Calydon</i> (1864).</p> + +<p><b>Atali'ba,</b> the inca of Peru, most dearly beloved by his subjects, on +whom Pizarro makes war. An old man says of the inca—</p> + +<p>The virtues of our monarch alike secure to him the affection of his +people and the benign regard of heaven.—Sheridan, <i>Pizarro</i>; ii. 4 +(from Kotzebue),(1799).</p> + +<p>Atê (2 <i>syl</i>.), goddess of revenge.</p> + +<p>With him along is come the mother queen. An Atê, stirring him to blood +and strife. Shakespeare, <i>King John</i>, act ii. sc. I (1596).</p> + +<p><i>Atê</i> (2 <i>syl</i>.), "mother of debate and all dissension," the friend of +Duessa. She squinted, lied with a false tongue, and maligned even the +best of beings. Her abode, "far under ground hard by the gates of hell," +is described at length in bk. iv. I. When Sir Blandamour was challenged +by Braggadoccio (canto 4), the terms of the contest were that the +conqueror should have "Florimel," and the other "the old hag Atê," who +was always to ride beside him till he could pass her off to +another.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iv. (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Ath'alie</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of Ahab and Jezebel, and wife of +Joram king of Judah. She massacred all the remnant of the house of +David; but Joash escaped, and six years afterwards was proclaimed king. +Athalie, attracted by the shouts, went to the temple, and was killed by +the mob. This forms the subject and title of Racine's <i>chef-d'oeuvre</i> +(1691), and was Mdlle. Rachel's great part.</p> + +<p>(Racine's tragedy of <i>Athalie</i>, queen of Judah, must not be confounded +with Corneille's tragedy of <i>Attila</i>, king of the Huns.)</p> + +<p><b>Atheist's Tragedy</b> (<i>The</i>), by Cyril Tourneur. The "atheist" is +D'Amville, who murders his brother Montferrers for his +estates.—(Seventeenth century.)</p> + +<p><b>Ath'elstane</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), surnamed "The Unready," thane of +Coningsburgh.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">"Unready" does not mean <i>unprepared</i> but <i>injudicious</i> (from +Anglo-Saxon <i>raed</i>, "wisdom, counsel").</p> + +<p><b>Athe'na</b> (<i>Pallas</i>) once meant "the air," but in Homer this goddess +is the representative of civic prudence and military skill; the armed +protectress of states and cities. The Romans called her Minerva.</p> + +<p><b>Athe'nian Bee</b>, Plato, so called from, the honeyed sweetness of his +composition. It is said that a bee settled on his lip while he was an +infant asleep in his cradle, and indicated that "honeyed words" would +fall from his lips, and flow from his pen. Sophoclês is called "The +Attic Bee."</p> + +<p><b>Ath'liot</b>, the most wretched of all women.</p> + +Her comfort is (if for her any be),<br> +That none can show more cause of grief than she.<br> +<br> +Wm. Browne, <i>Britannia's Pastorals</i>, ii. 5 (1613).<br> + +<p><b>Ath'os.</b> Dinoc'ratês, a sculptor, proposed to Alexander to hew mount +Athos into a statue representing the great conqueror, with a city in his +left hand, and a basin in his right to receive all the waters which +flowed from the mountain. Alexander greatly approved of the suggestion, +but objected to the locality.</p> + +And hew out a huge mountain of pathos,<br> +As Philip's son proposed to do with Athos.<br> +<br> +Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, xii. 86.<br> + +<p><b>At'imus</b>, Baseness of Mind personified in <i>The Purple Island</i> +(1633), by Phineas Fletcher. "A careless, idle swain ... his work to +eat, drink, sleep, and purge his reins." Fully described in canto viii. +(Greek, <i>atimos</i>, "one dishonored.")</p> + +<p><b>A'tin</b> (<i>Strife</i>), the squire of Pyr'ochlês.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, +ii. 4, 5, 6 (1590).</p> + +<p><b>Atos'sa.</b> So Pope calls Sarah duchess of Marlborough, because she +was the great friend of lady Mary Wortley Montagu, whom he calls Sappho.</p> + +But what are these to great Atossa's mind?<br> +<br> +Pope.<br> + +<p>(The great friend of Sappho was Atthis. By Atossa is generally +understood Vashti, daughter of Cyrus and wife of Ahasuerus of the Old +Testament.)</p> + +<p><b>At'ropos</b>, one of the Fates, whose office is to cut the thread of +life with a pair of scissors.</p> + +... nor shines the knife,<br> +Nor shears of Atropos before their vision.<br> +<br> +Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, ii. 64.<br> + +<p><b>Attic Bee</b> <i>(The)</i>, Soph'oclês (B.C. 495-405). +Plato is called "The Athenian Bee."</p> + +<p><b>Attic Boy</b> <i>(The)</i>, referred to by Milton in his <i>Il Penseroso</i>, is +Ceph'alos, who was beloved by Aurora or Morn, but was married to +Procris. He was passionately fond of hunting.</p> + +Till civil-suited Morn appear,<br> +Not tricked and flounced, as she was wont<br> +With the Attic boy to hunt,<br> +But kerchiefed in a comely cloud.<br> +<i>II Penseroso</i> (1638).<br> + +<p><b>Attic Muse</b> <i>(The)</i>, a phrase signifying the whole body of Attic +poetry.</p> + +<p><b>Atticus.</b> The surname of T. Pomponius, the intimate friend of +Cicero, given to him on account of his long residence in Athens. His +biography is found in Nepor.</p> + +<p><i>The English Atticus</i>. Joseph Addison.</p> + +Who but must laugh if such a man there be.<br> +Who would not weep if Atticus were he?<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pope, <i>Prologue to the Satires</i>.</span><br> + +<p><b>At'tila,</b> one of the tragedies of Pierre Corneille (1667). This king +of the Huns, usually called "The Scourge of God," must not be confounded +with "Athalie," daughter of Jezebel and wife of Joram, the subject and +title of Racine's <i>ches-d'oeuvre</i>, and Mdlle. Rachel's chief character.</p> + +<p><b>Aubert</b> <i>(Thérèse)</i>, the heroine of C. Nodier's romance of that name +(1819). The story relates to the adventures of a young royalist in the +French Revolutionary epoch, who had disguised himself in female apparel +to escape detection.</p> + +<p><b>Aubrey</b>, a widower for eighteen years. At the death of his wife he +committed his infant daughter to the care of Mr. Bridgemore, a merchant, +and lived abroad. He returned to London after an absence of eighteen +years, and found that Bridgemore had abused his trust, and his daughter +had been obliged to quit the house and seek protection with Mr. +Mortimer.</p> + +<p><i>Augusta Aubrey</i>, daughter of Mr. Aubrey, in love with Francis Tyrrel, +the nephew of Mr. Mortimer. She is snubbed and persecuted by the vulgar +Lucinda Bridgemore, and most wantonly persecuted by lord Abberville, but +after passing through many a most painful visitation, she is happily +married to the man of her choice.—Cumberland, <i>The Fashionable Lover</i> +(1780).</p> + +<p><b>Au´bri's Dog</b> showed a most unaccountable hatred to Richard de +Macaire, snarling and flying at him whenever he appeared in sight. Now +Aubri had been murdered by some one in the forest of Bondy, and this +animosity of the dog directed suspicion towards Richard de Macaire. +Richard was taken up, and condemned to single combat with the dog, by +whom he was killed. In his dying moments he confessed himself to be the +murderer of Aubri. (See DOG.)</p> + +<p>Le combat entre Macaire et le chien eut lieu à Paris, dans l'île +Louviers. On place ce fait merveilleux en 1371, mais ... il est bien +antérieur, car il est mentionné dès le siècle précédent par Albéric des +Trois-Fontaines.—Bouillet, <i>Dict. Universel, etc.</i></p> + +<p><b>Auch´termuch´ty</b> (<i>John</i>), the Kinross carrier.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The +Abbot</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><b>Audhum´bla</b>, the cow created by Surt to nourish Ymir. She supplied +him with four rivers of milk, and was herself nourished by licking dew +from the rocks.—<i>Scandinavian Mythology</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Au´drey,</b> a country wench, who jilted William for Touchstone. She is +an excellent specimen of a wondering she-gawky. She thanks the gods that +"she is foul," and if to be poetical is not to be honest, she thanks the +gods also that "she is not poetical."—Shakespeare, <i>As You Like It</i> +(1598).</p> + +The character of "Audrey," that of a female<br> +fool, should not have been assumed [<i>i.e.</i> by Miss<br> +Pope, in her last appearance in public]; the last<br> +line of the farewell address was, "And now poor<br> +Audrey bids you all farewell" (May 26, 1808).—<br> +James Smith, <i>Memoirs, etc.</i> (1840).<br> + +<p><b>Augus´ta,</b> mother of Gustavus Vasa. She is a prisoner of Christian +II. king of Denmark, but the king promises to set her free if she will +induce her son to submission. Augusta refuses, but in the war which +follows, Gustavus defeats Christian, and becomes king of Sweden.—H. +Brooke, <i>Gustavus Vasa</i> (1730).</p> + +<p><i>Augusta</i>, a title conferred by the Roman emperors on their wives, +sisters, daughters, mothers, and even concubines. It had to be +conferred; for even the wife of an Augustus was not an Augusta until +after her coronation.</p> + +<p>1. EMPRESSES. Livia and Julia were both <i>Augusta</i>; so were Julia (wife +of Tiberius), Messalina, Agrippina, Octavia, Poppaea, Statilia, Sabina, +Domitilla, Domitia, and Faustina. In imperials the wife of an emperor is +spoken of as <i>Augusta: Serenissima Augusta conjux nostra; Divina +Augusta</i>, etc. But the title had to be conferred; hence we read, +"Domitian uxorem suam <i>Augustam</i> jussit nuncupari;" and "Flavia Titiana, +eadem die, uxor ejus [<i>i.e.</i> Pertinax] <i>Augusta</i> est appellata."</p> + +<p>2. MOTHERS or GRANDMOTHERS. Antonia, grandmother of Caligula, was +created <i>Augusta</i>. Claudius made his mother Antonia <i>Augusta</i> after her +death. Heliogab´alus had coins inscribed with "Julia Mæsa <i>Augusta</i>," in +honor of his grandmother;</p> + +<p>Mammaea, mother of Alexander Severus, is styled <i>Augusta</i> on coins; +and so is Helena, mother of Constantine.</p> + +<p>3. SISTERS. Honorius speaks of his sister as "venerabilis <i>Augusta</i> +germananostra." Trajan has coins inscribed with "Diva Marciana +<i>Augusta</i>."</p> + +<p>4. DAUGHTERS. Mallia Scantilla the wife, and Didia the daughter of +Didius Julianus, were both <i>Augusta</i>. Titus inscribed on coins his +daughter as "Julia Sabina <i>Augusta</i>;" there are coins of the emperor +Decius inscribed with "Herennia Etruscilla <i>Augusta</i>," and "Sallustia +<i>Augusta</i>," sisters of the emperor Decius.</p> + +<p>5. OTHERS. Matidia, niece of Trajan, is called <i>Augusta</i> on coins; +Constantine Monomachus called his concubine <i>Augusta</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Augusta Hare</b>, a woman with a native genius for popularity, in Mrs. +A.D.T. Whitney's novel <i>Hitherto</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Augusti´na,</b> <i>the Maid of Saragossa</i>. She was only twenty-two when, +her lover being shot, she mounted the battery in his place. The French, +after a siege of two months, were obliged to retreat, August 15, 1808.</p> + +Such were the exploits of the Maid of Saragossa,<br> +who by her valor elevated herself to the<br> +highest rank of heroines. When the author<br> +was at Seville, she walked daily on the Prado,<br> +decorated with medals and orders, by order of<br> +the Junta.—Lord Byron.<br> + +<p><b>Auld Robin Gray</b> was written (1772) by Lady Anne Barnard, to raise a +little money for an old nurse. Lady Anne's maiden name was Lindsay, and +her father was earl of Balcarras.</p> + +<p><b>Aullay</b>, a monster horse with an elephant's trunk. The creature is +as much bigger than an elephant as an elephant is larger than a sheep. +King Baly of India rode on an aullay.</p> + +The aullay, hugest of four-footed kind,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The aullay-horse, that in his force,</span><br> +With elephantine trunk, could bind<br> +And lift the elephant, and on the wind<br> +Whirl him away, with sway and swing,<br> +E'en like a pebble from a practised sling.<br> +<br> +Southey, <i>Curse of Kehama</i>, xvi. 2 (1809).<br> + +<p><b>Aure´lius,</b> a young nobleman who tried to win to himself Do´rigen, +the wife of Arvir´agus, but Dorigen told him she would never yield to +his suit till all the rocks of the British coast were removed, "and +there n'is no stone y-seen." Aurelius by magic made all the rocks +disappear, but when Dorigen went, at her husband's bidding, to keep her +promise, Aurelius, seeing how sad she was, made answer, he would rather +die than injure so true a wife and noble a gentleman.—Chaucer, +<i>Canterbury Tales</i> ("The Franklin's Tale," 1388).</p> + +<p>(This is substantially the same as Boccaccio's tale of <i>Dimora and +Gilberto</i>, x. 5. See DIANORA.)</p> + +<p><i>Aurelius</i>, elder brother of Uther the pendragon, and uncle of Arthur, +but he died before the hero was born.</p> + +<p>Even sicke of a flixe [<i>ill of the flux</i>] as he was, he caused himself +to be carried forth on a litter; with whose presence the people were so +encouraged, that encountering with the Saxons they wan the +victorie.—Holinshed, <i>History of Scotland</i>, 99.</p> + +... once I read<br> +That stout Pendragon on his litter sick<br> +Came to the field, and vanquishèd his foes.<br> +<br> +Shakespeare, 1 <i>Henry VI.</i>, act iii. sc. 2 (1589).<br> + +<p><b>Aurora Leigh,</b> daughter of an Englishman and an Italian woman. At +her father's death Aurora comes to England to live with a severe, +practical aunt. In time she becomes a poet, travels far, sees much, and +thinks much of life's problems. She marries her cousin Romney, a +philanthropist, blinded by an accident.—<i>Aurora</i> <i>Leigh</i>, by Elizabeth +Barrett Browning (1856).</p> + +<p><b>Aurora Nuncanou,</b> beautiful Creole widow in <i>The Grandissimes</i>, by +George W. Cable. In her thirty-fifth year, she "is the red, red, +full-blown, faultless joy of the garden. With her it will be always +morning. That woman is going to last forever; ha-a-a-a!--even longer!" +(1880).</p> + +<p><b>Austin,</b> the assumed name of the lord of Clarinsal, when he +renounced the world and became a monk of St. Nicholas. Theodore, the +grandson of Alfonso, was his son, and rightful heir to the possessions +and title of the count of Narbonne.—Robert Jephson, <i>Count of Narbonne</i> +(1782).</p> + +<p><b>Austins</b> (<i>The</i>). <i>Miss Susan</i>, old maid resident at Whiteladies, +concerned in a conspiracy to introduce a false heir to the estate.</p> + +<p><i>Miss Augustine</i>, saintly sister, who tries to "turn the curse from +<i>Whiteladies</i>, by her own prayers and those of her +almsmen."—<i>Whiteladies</i>, by M.O.W. Oliphant.</p> + +<p><b>Aus´tria and the Lion's Hide.</b> There is an old tale that the +arch-duke of Austria killed Richard I., and wore as a spoil the lion's +hide which belonged to our English monarch. Hence Faulconbridge (the +natural son of Richard) says jeeringly to the arch-duke:</p> + +Thou wear a lion's hide! doff it for shame,<br> +And hang a calf-skin on those recreant limbs.<br> +Shakespeare, <i>King John</i>, act iii. sc. 1 (1596).<br> + +<p>(The point is better understood when it is borne in mind that fools and +jesters were dressed in calf-skins.)</p> + +<p><b>Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table,</b> a mythical personage who indites +Oliver Wendell Holmes's breakfast-table conversations.</p> + +<p><b>Autol´ycos,</b> the craftiest of thieves. He stole the flocks of his +neighbors, and changed their marks. Sis´yphos outwitted him by marking +his sheep under their feet.</p> + +<p><b>Autol´ycus,</b> a peddler and witty rogue, in <i>The Winter's Tale</i>, by +Shakespeare (1604).</p> + +<p><b>Avare</b> (<i>L</i>'). The plot of this comedy is as follows: Harpagon the +miser and his son Cléante (2 <i>syl.</i>) both want to marry Mariane (3 +<i>syl.</i>), daughter of Anselme, <i>alias</i> don Thomas d'Alburci, of Naples. +Cléante gets possession of a casket of gold belonging to the miser, and +hidden in the garden. When Harpagon discovers his loss he raves like a +madman, and Cléante gives him the choice of Mariane or the casket. The +miser chooses the casket, and leaves the young lady to his son. The +second plot is connected with Elise (2 <i>syl.</i>), the miser's daughter, +promised in marriage by the father to his friend Anselme (2 <i>syl.</i>); but +Elise is herself in love with Valère, who, however, turns out to be the +son of Anselme. As soon as Anselme discovers that Valère is his son, who +he thought had been lost at sea, he resigns to him Elise, and so in both +instances the young folks marry together, and the old ones give up their +unnatural rivalry.—Molière, <i>L'Avare</i> (1667).</p> + +<p><b>Ave´nel</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), <i>Julian</i>, the usurper of Avenel Castle.</p> + +<p><i>Lady Alice</i>, widow of sir Walter.</p> + +<p><i>Mary</i>, daughter of Lady Alice. She marries Halbert Glendinning.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>The Monastery</i> (date 1559).</p> + +<p><i>Ave´nel</i> (<i>Sir Halbert Glendinning, knight of</i>), same as the bridegroom +in <i>The Monastery</i>.</p> + +<p><i>The lady Mary of Avenel</i>, same as the bride in <i>The Monastery</i>.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>The Abbot</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><i>The White Lady of Avenel</i>, a spirit mysteriously connected with the +Avenel family, as the Irish banshee is with true Mile´sian families. She +announces good or ill fortune, and manifests a general interest in the +family to which she is attached, but to others she acts with +considerable caprice; thus she shows unmitigated malignity to the +sacristan and the robber. Any truly virtuous mortal has commanding power +over her.</p> + +Noon gleams on the lake,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Noon glows on the fell;</span><br> +Awake thee, awake,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">White maid of Avenel!</span><br> +<br> +Sir W. Scott, <i>The Monastery</i> (time, Elizabeth).<br> + +<p><b>Aven´ger of Blood,</b> the man who had the birthright, according to the +Jewish, polity, of taking vengeance on him who had killed one of his +relatives.</p> + +... the Christless code<br> +That must have life for a blow.<br> +<br> +Tennyson, <i>Maud</i>, II. i. 1.<br> + +<p><b>Avery</b> (<i>Parson</i>), a missionary "to the souls of fishers starving on +the rocks of Marblehead." He is wrecked with his crew, one wintry +midnight, and dies praying aloud.—J.G. Whittier, <i>The Swan Song of +Parson Avery</i> (1850).</p> + +<p><b>Av´icen</b> or <i>Abou-ibn-Sina</i>, an Arabian physician and philosopher, +born at Shiraz, in Persia (980-1037). He composed a treatise on logic, +and another on metaphysics. Avicen is called both the Hippo´cratês and +the Aristotle of the Arabs.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of physicke speake for me, king Avicen ...</span><br> +Yet was his glory never set on shelfe,<br> +Nor never shall, whyles any worlde may stande<br> +Where men have minde to take good bookes in hande.<br> +<br> +G. Gascoigne, <i>The Fruits of Warre</i>, lvii. (died 1577).<br> + +<p><b>Avis</b>, a New England girl, heroine of +<i>The Story of Avis</i>, by Elizabeth Stuart +Phelps-Ward. She is forced by genius to +be an artist, and through her art loses hope +of domestic happiness (1877).</p> + +<p><b>Ayl'mer</b> (<i>Mrs.</i>), a neighbor of sir Henry Lee.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Woodstock</i> (time, Commonwealth).</p> + +<p><b>Ay'mer</b> (<i>Prior</i>), a jovial Benedictine monk, prior of Jorvaulx +Abbey.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Ay'mon</b>, duke of Dordona (<i>Dordogne</i>). He had four sons, Rinaldo, +Guicciardo, Alardo, and Ricciardetto (<i>i.e.</i> Renaud, Guiscard, Alard, +and Richard), whose adventures are the subject of a French romance, +entitled <i>Les Quatre fils Aymon</i>, by H. de Alleneuve (1165-1223).</p> + +<p><b>Aza'zel</b>, one of the ginn or jinn, all of whom were made of +"smokeless fire," that is, the fire of the Simoom. These jinn inhabited +the earth before man was created, but on account of their persistent +disobedience were driven from it by an army of angels. When Adam was +created, and God commanded all to worship him, Azâzel insolently made +answer, "Me hast Thou created of fire, and him of earth; why should I +worship him?" Whereupon God changed the jinnee into a devil, and called +him Iblis or Despair. In hell he was made the standard-bearer of Satan's +host.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Upreared</span><br> +His mighty standard; that proud honor claimed<br> +Azâzel as his right.<br> +<br> +Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 534 (1665).<br> + +<p><b>Az'la</b>, a suttee, the young widow of Ar'valan, son of +Keha'ma.—Southey, <i>Curse of Kehama</i>, i. 10 (1809).</p> + +<p><b>Az'o</b>, husband of Parisi'na. He was marquis d'Este, of Ferrara, and +had already a natural son, Hugo, by Bianca, who, "never made his bride," +died of a broken heart. Hugo was betrothed to Parisina before she +married the marqnis, and after she became his mother-in-law, they loved +on still. One night Azo heard Parisina in sleep express her love for +Hugo, and the angry marquis condemned his son to death. Although he +spared his bride, no one ever knew what became of her.—Byron, +<i>Parisina</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Az´rael</b> (<i>3 syl.</i>), the angel of death (called Raphael in the +<i>Gospel of Barnabas</i>).—<i>Al Korân</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Az´tecas,</b> an Indian tribe, which conquered the Hoamen (2 <i>syl.</i>), +seized their territory, and established themselves on a southern branch +of the Missouri, having Az´tlan as their imperial city. When Madoc +conquered the Aztecas in the twelfth century, he restored the Hoamen, +and the Aztecas migrated to Mexico.—Southey, <i>Madoc</i> (1805).</p> + +<p><b>Azuce´na,</b> a gipsy. Manri´co is supposed to be her son, but is in +reality the son of Garzia (brother of the conte di Luna).—Verdi, <i>Il +Trovato´rê</i> (1853).</p> + +<p><b>Azyoru´ca</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>), queen of the snakes +and dragons. She resides in Patala, or +the infernal regions.—<i>Hindû Mythology</i>.</p> + +There Azyoruca veiled her awful form<br> +In those eternal shadows. There she sat,<br> +And as the trembling souls who crowd around<br> +The judgment-seat received the doom of fate,<br> +Her giant arms, extending from the cloud,<br> +Drew them within the darkness.<br> + +<p>Southey, <i>Curse of Kehama</i>, xxiii 15 (1809).</p> + +<p><b><img border="0" src="images/B.jpg" width="161" height="159" align="left" alt="b.jpg"></b></p> + +<p> </p> + +<p> </p> + +<p> </p> + +<p><b>aal,</b> plu. <b>Baalim,</b> a general +name for all the Syrian gods, +as Ash´taroth was for the +goddesses. The general version +of the legend of Baal is +the same as that of Adonis, Thammuz, +Osiris, and the Arabian myth of El Khouder. +All allegorize the Sun, six months +above and six months below the equator. +As a title of honor, the word Baal, Bal, +Bel, etc., enters into a large number of +Phoenician and Carthaginian proper names, +as Hanni-bal, Hasdrubal, Bel-shazzar, etc.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">... [the] general names</span><br> +Of Baälim and Ashtaroth: those male;<br> +These female.<br> + +<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 422 (1665).</p> + +<p><b>Bab</b> (<i>Lady</i>), a waiting maid on a lady so called, who assumes the +airs with the name and address of her mistress. Her fellow-servants and +other servants address her as "lady Bab," or "Your ladyship." She is a +fine wench, "but by no means particular in keeping her teeth clean." She +says she never reads but one "book, which is Shikspur." And she calls +Lovel and Freeman, two gentlemen of fortune, "downright +hottenpots."—Rev. J. Townley, <i>High Life Below Stairs</i> (1763).</p> + +<p><b>Ba´ba,</b> chief of the eunuchs in the court of the sultana +Gulbey´az.—Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, v. 82, etc. (1820).</p> + +<p><b>Baba</b> (<i>Ali</i>), who relates the story of the "Forty Thieves" in the +<i>Arabian Nights' Entertainments</i>. He discovered the thieves' cave while +hiding in a tree, and heard the magic word "Ses´amê," at which the door +of the cave opened and shut.</p> + +<p><i>Cassim Baba</i>, brother of Ali Baba, who entered the cave of the forty +thieves, but forgot the pass-word, and stood crying "Open Wheat!" "Open +Barley!" to the door, which obeyed to no sound but "Open Sesamê!"</p> + +<p><b>Baba Mus´tapha,</b> a cobbler who sewed together the four pieces into +which Cassim's body had been cleft by the forty thieves. When the +thieves discovered that the body had been taken away, they sent one of +the band into the city, to ascertain who had died of late. The man +happened to enter the cobbler's stall, and falling into a gossip heard +about the body which the cobbler had sewed together. Mustapha pointed +out to him the house of Cassim Baba's widow, and the thief marked it +with a piece of white chalk. Next day the cobbler pointed out the house +to another, who marked it with red chalk. And the day following he +pointed it out to the captain of the band, who instead of marking the +door studied the house till he felt sure of recognizing it.—<i>Arabian +Nights</i> ("Ali Baba, or The Forty Thieves").</p> + +<p><b>Bababalouk,</b> chief of the black eunuchs, whose duty it was to wait +on the sultan, to guard the sultanas, and to superintend the +harem.—Habesci, <i>State of the Ottoman Empire</i>, 155-6.</p> + +<p><b>Babes in the Wood,</b> insurrectionary hordes that infested the +mountains of Wicklow and the woods of Enniscarthy towards the close of +the eighteenth century. (See CHILDREN IN THE WOOD.)</p> + +<p><b>Babie,</b> old Alice Gray's servant-girl.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Bride of +Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p> + +<p><b>Babie´ca</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), the Cid's horse.</p> + +I learnt to prize Babieca from his head unto his<br> +hoof.<br> + +<p><i>The Cid</i> (1128).</p> + +<p><b>Baboon</b> (<i>Philip</i>), Philippe Bourbon, duc +d'Anjou.</p> + +<p><i>Lewis Baboon</i>, Louis XIV., "a false loon +of a grandfather to Philip, and one that +might justly be called a Jack-of-all-trades."</p> + +Sometimes you would see this Lewis Baboon<br> +behind his counter, selling broad-cloth, sometimes<br> +measuring linen; next day he would be<br> +dealing in mercery-ware; high heads, ribbons,<br> +gloves, fans, and lace, he understood to a nicety<br> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... nay, he would descend to the selling of</span><br> +tapes, garters, and shoebuckles. When shop<br> +was shut up he would go about the neighborhood,<br> +and earn half-a-crown, by teaching the<br> +young men and maidens to dance. By these<br> +means he had acquired immense riches, which he<br> +used to squander away at back-sword [<i>in war</i>],<br> +quarter-staff, and cudgel-play, in which he took<br> +great pleasure.—Dr. Arbuthnot, <i>History of John<br> +Bull</i>, ii. (1712).<br> + +<p><b>Baby Bell,</b> the infant whose brief beautiful +life is given in the poem that first +drew the eyes of the world to the young +American poet, T.B. Aldrich, then but +nineteen years of age.</p> + +Have you not heard the poets tell<br> +How came the dainty Baby Bell<br> +Into this World of ours?<br> +The gates of heaven were left ajar:<br> +With folded hands and dreamy eyes,<br> +Wandering out of Paradise,<br> +She saw this planet like a star<br> +Hung in the glistening depths of even,—<br> +Its bridges, running to and fro,<br> +O'er which the white-winged angels go,<br> +Bearing the holy dead to heaven.<br> +She touched a bridge of flowers—those feet<br> +So light they did not bend the bells<br> +Of the celestial asphodels,<br> +They fell like dew upon the flowers;<br> +Then all the air grew strangely sweet!<br> +And thus came dainty Baby Bell<br> +Into this world of ours. (1854.)<br> + +<p><b>Bacchan'tes</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), priestesses of Bacchus.</p> + +Round about him <i>Bacchus</i> fair Bacchantês,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bearing cymbals, flutes, and thyrses,</span><br> +Wild from Naxian groves, or Zantê's<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Vineyards, sing delirious verses.</span><br> +Longfellow, <i>Drinking Song</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Bacchus,</b> in the <i>Lusiad</i>, an epic poem +by Camoens (1569), is the personification +of the evil principle which acts in opposition +to Jupiter, the lord of Destiny. Mars +is made by the poet the guardian power of +Christianity, and Bacchus of Mohammedanism.</p> + +<p><b>Backbite</b> (<i>Sir Benjamin</i>), nephew of Crabtree, very conceited, and +very censorious. His friends called him a great poet and wit, but he +never published anything, because "'twas very vulgar to print;" besides, +as he said, his little productions circulated more "by giving copies in +confidence to friends."—Sheridan, <i>School for Scandal</i> (1777).</p> + +When I first saw Miss Pope she was performing<br> +"Mrs. Candour," to Miss Farren's "lady<br> +Teazle," King as "sir Peter," Parsons "Crab-tree,"<br> +Dodd "Backbite," Baddeley "Moses,"<br> +Smith "Charles," and John Palmer "Joseph"<br> +[Surface].—James Smith, <i>Memoirs, etc</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Bactrian Sage</b> <i>(The)</i>, Zoroas'ter or Zerdusht, a native of Bactria, +now Balkh (B.C. 589-513).</p> + +<p><b>Bade'bec</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), wife of Gargantua and mother of Pantag'ruel. +She died in giving him birth, or rather in giving birth at the same time +to nine dromedaries laden with ham and smoked tongues, 7 camels laden +with eels, and 25 wagons full of leeks, garlic, onions, and +shallots.—Rabelais, <i>Pantagruel</i>, ii. 2 (1533).</p> + +<p><b>Badger</b> <i>(Will)</i>, sir Hugh Robsart's favorite domestic.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Kenilworth</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><i>Bad'ger (Mr. Bayham</i>), medical practitioner at Chelsea, under whom +Richard Carstone pursues his studies. Mr. Badger is a crisp-looking +gentleman, with "surprised eyes;" very proud of being Mrs. Badger's +"third," and always referring to her former two husbands, captain +Swosser and professor Dingo.—C. Dickens, <i>Bleak House</i> (1853).</p> + +<p><b>Badinguet</b> [<i>Bad´.en.gay</i>] one of the many nicknames of Napoleon +III. It was the name of the mason in whose clothes he escaped from the +fortress of Ham (1808, 1851-1873).</p> + +<p><b>Badou´ra,</b> daughter of Gaiour (2 <i>syl.</i>), king of China, the "most +beautiful woman ever seen upon earth." The emperor Gaiour wished her to +marry, but she expressed an aversion to wedlock. However, one night by +fairy influence she was shown prince Camaral´zaman asleep, fell in love +with him, and exchanged rings. Next day she inquired for the prince, but +her inquiry was thought so absurd that she was confined as a madwoman. +At length her foster-brother solved the difficulty thus: The emperor +having proclaimed that whoever cured the princess of her [supposed] +madness should have her for his wife, he sent Camaralzaman to play the +magician, and imparted the secret to the princess by sending her the +ring she had left with the sleeping prince. The cure was instantly +effected, and the marriage solemnized with due pomp. When the emperor +was informed that his son-in-law was a prince, whose father was sultan +of the "Island of the Children of Khal´edan, some twenty days' sail from +the coast of Persia," he was delighted with the alliance.—<i>Arabian +Nights</i> ("Camaralzaman and Badoura").</p> + +<p><b>Badroul´boudour,</b> daughter of the sultan of China, a beautiful +brunette. "Her eyes were large and sparkling, her expression modest, her +mouth small, her lips vermilion, and her figure perfect." She became the +wife of Aladdin, but twice nearly caused his death; once by exchanging +"the wonderful lamp" for a new copper one, and once by giving +hospitality to the false Fatima. Aladdin killed both these +magicians.—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("Aladdin or The Wonderful Lamp").</p> + +<p><b>Bag dad.</b> A hermit told the caliph Almanzor that one Moclas was +destined to found a city on the spot where he was standing. "I am that +man," said the caliph, and he then informed the hermit how in his +boyhood he once stole a bracelet, and his nurse ever after called him +"Moclas," the name of a well-known thief.—Marigny.</p> + +<p><b>Bagshot,</b> one of a gang of thieves who conspire to break into the +house of lady Bountiful.—Farquhar, <i>The Beaux' Stratagem</i> (1705).</p> + +<p><b>Bagstock</b> (<i>Major Joe</i>), an apoplectic retired military officer, +living in Princess's Place, opposite to Miss Tox. The major has a covert +kindness for Miss Tox, and is jealous of Mr. Dombey. He speaks of +himself as "Old Joe Bagstock," "Old Joey," "Old J.," "Old Josh," "Rough +and tough old Jo," "J.B.," "Old J.B.," and so on. He is also given to +over-eating, and to abusing his poor native servant.—C. Dickens, +<i>Dombey and Son</i> (1846).</p> + +<p><b>Bah´adar,</b> master of the horse to the king of the Magi. Prince +Am´giad was enticed by a collet to enter the minister's house, and when +Bahadar returned, he was not a little surprised at the sight of his +uninvited guest. The prince, however, explained to him in private how +the matter stood, and Bahadar, entering into the fun of the thing, +assumed for the nonce the place of a slave. The collet would have +murdered him, but Amgiad, to save the minister, cut off her head. +Bahadar, being arrested for murder, was condemned to death, but Amgiad +came forward and told the whole truth, whereupon Bahadar was instantly +released, and Amgiad created vizier.—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("Amgiad and +Assad").</p> + +<p><b>Bahman</b> (<i>Prince</i>), eldest son of the sultan Khrossou-schah of +Persia. In infancy he was taken from the palace by the sultana's +sisters, and set adrift on a canal, but being rescued by the +superintendent of the sultan's gardens, he was brought up, and +afterwards restored to the sultan. It was the "talking bird" that told +the sultan the tale of the young prince's abduction.</p> + +<p><i>Prince Bahman's Knife</i>. When prince Bahman started on his exploits, he +gave to his sister Parazadê (4 <i>syl.</i>) a knife, saying, "As long as +you find this knife clean and bright, you may feel assured that I am +alive and well; but if a drop of blood falls from it, you may know that +I am no longer alive."—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("The Two Sisters," the last +tale).</p> + +<p><b>Bailey,</b> a sharp lad in the service of Todger's boarding-house. His +ambition was to appear quite a full-grown man. On leaving Mrs. +Todgers's, he became the servant of Montague Tigg, manager of the +"Anglo-Bengalee Company."—C. Dickens, <i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i> (1844).</p> + +<p><b>Bailie</b> (<i>General</i>), a parliamentary leader.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Legend +of Montrose</i> (time, Charles I.).</p> + +<p><i>Bailie (Giles)</i>, a gipsy; father of Gabrael Faa (nephew to Meg +Merrilies).—Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Bailly,</b> (<i>Henry or Harry</i>), the host of the Tabard Inn, in +Southwerk, London, where the nine and twenty companions of Chaucer put +up before starting on their pilgrimage to Canterbury.</p> + +A semely man our hoste was withal<br> +For to han been a marshal in an halle,<br> +A fairer burgeis is ther non in Chepe.<br> +<br> +Chaucer, <i>Canterbury Tales, Prologue</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Bailiff's Daughter of Islington</b> (in Norfolk). A squire's son loved +the bailiff's daughter, but she gave him no encouragement, and his +friends sent him to London "an apprentice for to binde." After the lapse +of seven years, the bailiff's daughter, "in ragged attire," set out to +walk to London, "her true love to inquire." The young man on horseback +met her, but knew her not. "One penny, one penny, kind sir!" she said. +"Where were you born?" asked the young man. "At Islington," she replied. +"Then prithee, sweetheart, do you know the bailiff's daughter there?" +"She's dead, sir, long ago." On hearing this the young man declared he'd +live an exile in some foreign land. "Stay, oh stay, thou goodly youth," +the maiden cried, "she is not really dead, for I am she." "Then farewell +grief and welcome joy, for I have found my true love, whom I feared I +should never see again."—Percy, <i>Relics of English Poetry</i>, ii. 8.</p> + +<p><b>Bailzou</b> <i>(Ann´aple)</i>, the nurse of Effie Deans in her +confinement.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Bajar´do,</b> Rinaldo's steed.—Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Baja´zet,</b> surnamed "The Thunderbolt" (<i>ilderim</i>), sultan of Turkey. +After subjugating Bulgaria, Macedonia, Thessaly, and Asia Minor, he laid +siege to Constantinople, but was taken captive by Tamerlane emperor of +Tartary. He was fierce as a wolf, reckless, and indomitable. Being asked +by Tamerlane how he would have treated him had their lots been reversed, +"Like a dog," he cried. "I would have made you my footstool when I +mounted my saddle, and when your services were not needed would have +chained you in a cage like a wild beast." Tamerlane replied, "Then to +show you the difference of my spirit, I shall treat you as a king." So +saying, he ordered his chains to be struck off, gave him one of the +royal tents, and promised to restore him to his throne if he would lay +aside his hostility. Bajazet abused this noble generosity; plotted the +assassination of Tamerlane; and bow-strung Mone´ses. Finding clemency of +no use, Tamerlane commanded him to be used "as a dog, and to be chained +in a cage like a wild beast."—N. Rowe, <i>Tamerlane</i> (a tragedy, 1702).</p> + +<p><i>Bajazet</i>, a black page at St. James's Palace.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril +of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Baker</b> (<i>The</i>), and the "Baker's Wife." Louis XVI. and Marie +Antoinette were so called by the revolutionary party, because on the 6th +October, 1789, they ordered a supply of bread to be given to the mob +which surrounded the palace at Versailles, clamoring for bread.</p> + +<p><b>Ba´laam</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), the earl of Huntingdon, one of the rebels in +the army of the duke of Monmouth.</p> + +And, therefore in the name of dulness, be<br> +The well-hung Balaam.<br> +<br> +Dryden, <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>.<br> + +<p><i>Ba´laam</i>, a "citizen of sober fame," who lived near the monument of +London. While poor he was "religious, punctual, and frugal;" but when he +became rich and got knighted, he seldom went to church, became a +courtier, "took a bribe from France," and was hung for treason.—Pope, +<i>Moral Essays</i>, iii.</p> + +<p><b>Balaam and Josaphat,</b> a religious novel by Johannes Damascenus, son +of Almansur. (For plot, see JOSAPHAT.)</p> + +<p><b>Balack,</b> Dr. Burnet, bishop of Salisbury, who wrote a history called +<i>Burnet's Own Time</i>, and <i>History of the Reformation</i>.—Dryden and Tate, +<i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, ii.</p> + +<p><b>Balafré</b> (<i>Le</i>), <i>alias</i> Ludovic Lesly, an old archer of the +Scottish Guard at Plessis les Tours, one of the castle palaces of Louis +XI. Le Balafré is uncle to Quentin Durward.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Quentin +Durward</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p>¤¤¤ Henri, son of Francois second duke of Gruise, was called <i>Le +Balafré</i> ("the gashed"), from a frightful scar in the face from a +sword-cut in the battle of Dormans (1575).</p> + +<p><b>Balâm´,</b> the ox on which the faithful feed in paradise. The fish is +called Nûn, the lobes of whose liver will suffice for 70,000 men.</p> + +<p><b>Balan´,</b> brother of Balyn or Balin le Savage, two of the most +valiant knights that the world ever produced.—Sir T. Malory, <i>History +of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 31 (1470).</p> + +<p><i>Balan</i>, "the bravest and strongest of all the giant race." Am´adis de +Gaul rescued Gabrioletta from his hands.—Vasco de Lobeira, <i>Amadis de +Gaul</i>, iv. 129 (fourteenth century).</p> + +<p><b>Balance</b> (<i>Justice</i>), father of Sylvia. He had once been in the +army, and as he had run the gauntlet himself, he could make excuses for +the wild pranks of young men.—G. Farquhar, <i>The Recruiting Officer</i> +(1704).</p> + +<p><b>Ba´land of Spain,</b> a man of gigantic strength, who called himself +Fierabras.—<i>Mediaeval Romance</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Balatsu-usur,</b> the name given to the captive Jew Daniel in Babylon, +meaning "May Bel protect his life!"</p> + +Prostrate upon his royal face, prostrate before<br> +the court, the queen, the people—down like a<br> +pleading conscience or a suppliant faith, Nebuchadrezzar<br> +the Great lay in the dust, and worshipped<br> +him right royally.<br> +<br> +"<i>Thou</i> art the Master of the Magicians!" said<br> +the king. "For thou commandest the power of<br> +thy God and thou controllest the spirit of<br> +man!" ...<br> +<br> +Plain moral purity and religious fervor had<br> +done for the young man what a lifetime of political<br> +scheming had failed to do for many a<br> +grey-headed disappointed adventurer. Then, as<br> +in all ages, intrigue regarded the success of sincerity<br> +with astonishment.—<i>The Master of the<br> +Magicians</i>, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and Herbert<br> +D. Ward (1890).<br> + +<p><b>Balchris´tie</b> (<i>Jenny</i>), housekeeper to the laird of +Dumbiedikes.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Baldassa´re</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>) chief of the monastery of St. Jacopo di +Compostella.—Donizetti's opera, <i>La Favorite</i> (1842).</p> + +<p><b>Bal´der,</b> the god of light, peace, and day, was the young and +beautiful son of Odin and Frigga. His palace, Briedablik +("wide-shining"), stood in the Milky Way. He was slain by Höder, the +blind old god of darkness and night, but was restored to life at the +general request of the gods.—<i>Scandinavian Mythology</i>.</p> + +Balder the beautiful,<br> +God of the summer sun.<br> +<br> +Longfellow, <i>Tegnier's Death</i>.<br> + +<p>(Sydney Dobell has a poem entitled <i>Balder</i>, published in 1854.)</p> + +<p><b>Bal´derstone</b> (<i>Caleb</i>), the favorite old butler of the master of +Ravenswood, at Wolf's Crag Tower. Being told to provide supper for the +laird of Bucklaw, he pretended that there were fat capon and good store +in plenty, but all he could produce was "the hinder end of a mutton ham +that had been three times on the table already, and the heel of a +ewe-milk kebbuck [<i>cheese</i>]" (ch. vii.).—Sir W. Scott, <i>Bride of +Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p> + +<p><b>Baldrick,</b> an ancestor of the lady Eveline Berenger "the betrothed." +He was murdered, and lady Eveline assured Rose Flammock that she had +seen his ghost frowning at her.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, +Henry II.).</p> + +<p><b>Bal´dringham</b> (<i>The lady Ermengarde of</i>), great-aunt of lady Eveline +Berenger "the betrothed."—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry +II.).</p> + +<p><b>Baldwin</b>, the youngest and comeliest of Charlemagne's paladins, +nephew of sir Roland.</p> + +<p><i>Baldwin</i>, the restless and ambitious duke of Bologna, leader of 1200 +horse in the allied Christian army. He was Godfrey's brother, and very +like him, but not so tall.—Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p> + +<p>¤¤¤ He is introduced by sir Walter Scott in <i>Count Robert of Paris</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Baldwin</i>. So the Ass is called in the beast-epic entitled <i>Reynard the +Fox</i> (the word means "bold friend"). In pt. iii. he is called "Dr." +Baldwin (1498).</p> + +<p><i>Bald´win</i>, tutor of Rollo ("the bloody brother") and Otto, dukes of +Normandy, and sons of Sophia. Baldwin was put to death by Rollo, because +Hamond slew Gisbert the chancellor with an axe and not with a sword. +Rollo said that Baldwin deserved death "for teaching Hamond no +better."—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Bloody Brother</i> (1639).</p> + +<p><i>Baldwin (Count)</i>, a fatal example of paternal self-will. He doted on +his elder son Biron, but because he married against his inclination, +disinherited him, and fixed all his love on Carlos his younger son. +Biron fell at the siege of Candy, and was supposed to be dead. His wife +Isabella mourned for him seven years, and being on the point of +starvation, applied to the count for aid, but he drove her from his +house as a dog. Villeroy (2 <i>syl.</i>) married her, but Biron returned the +following day. Carlos, hearing of his brother's return, employed +ruffians to murder him, and then charged Villeroy with the crime; but +one of the ruffians impeached, Carlos was arrested, and Isabella, going +mad, killed herself. Thus was the wilfulness of Baldwin the source of +infinite misery. It caused the death of his two sons, as well as of his +daughter-in-law.—Thomas Southern, <i>The Fatal Marriage</i> (1692).</p> + +<p><i>Baldwin</i>, archbishop of Canterbury (1184-1190), introduced by sir W. +Scott in his novel called <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p> + +<p><b>Baldwinde Oyley,</b> esquire of sir Brian de Bois Guilbert (Preceptor +of the Knights Templars).—Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Balin</b> (<i>Sir</i>), or "Balin le Savage," knight of the two swords. He +was a Northumberland knight, and being taken captive, was imprisoned six +months by king Arthur. It so happened that a damsel girded with a sword +came to Camelot at the time of sir Balin's release, and told the king +that no man could draw it who was tainted with "shame, treachery, or +guile." King Arthur and all his knights failed in the attempt, but sir +Balin drew it readily. The damsel begged him for the sword, but he +refused to give it to any one. Whereupon the damsel said to him, "That +sword shall be thy plague, for with it shall ye slay your best friend, +and it shall also prove your own death." Then the Lady of the Lake came +to the king, and demanded the sword, but sir Balin cut off her head with +it, and was banished from the court. After various adventures he came to +a castle where the custom was for every guest to joust. He was +accommodated with a shield, and rode forth to meet his antagonist. So +fierce was the encounter that both the combatants were slain, but Balin +lived just long enough to learn that his antagonist was his dearly +beloved brother Balan, and both were buried in one tomb.—Sir T. Malory, +<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 27-44 (1470).</p> + +<p>¤¤¤ "The Book of Sir Balin le Savage" is part i. ch. 27 to 44 (both +inclusive) of sir T. Malory's <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Balinverno,</b> one of the leaders in Agramant's allied army.—Ariosto, +<i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Ba´liol</b> (<i>Edward</i>), usurper of Scotland, introduced in +<i>Redgauntlet</i>, a novel by sir W. Scott (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><i>Ba´liol (Mrs.)</i>, friend of Mr. Croftangry, in the introductory chapter +of <i>The Fair Maid of Perth</i>, a novel by sir W. Scott (time, Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><i>Ba´liol (Mrs. Martha Bethune)</i>, a lady of quality and fortune, who had +a house called Baliol Lodging, Canongate, Edinburgh. At her death she +left to her cousin Mr. Croftangry two series of tales called <i>The +Chronicles of Canongate (q.v.)</i>, which he published.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The +Highland Widow</i> (introduction, 1827).</p> + +<p><b>Balisar´da,</b> a sword made in the garden of Orgagna by the sorceress +Faleri´na; it would cut through even enchanted substances, and was given +to Roge´ro for the express purpose of "dealing Orlando's +death."—Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i>, xxv. 15 (1516).</p> + +He knew with Balisarda's lightest blows,<br> +Nor helm, nor shield, nor cuirass could avail,<br> +Nor strongly tempered plate, nor twisted mail.<br> +<br> +Book xxiii.<br> + +<p><b>Baliverso,</b> the basest knight in the Saracen army.—Ariosto, +<i>Orlando Furioso</i>, (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Balk</b> or <b>Balkh</b> ("<i>to embrace</i>"), Omurs, surnamed <i>Ghil-Shah</i> +("earth's king"), founder of the Paishdadian dynasty. He travelled +abroad to make himself familiar with the laws and customs of other +lands. On his return he met his brother, and built on the spot of +meeting a city, which he called Balk; and made it the capital of his +kingdom.</p> + +<p><b>Balkis,</b> the Arabian name of the queen of Sheba, who went from the +south to witness the wisdom and splendor of Solomon. According to the +Koran she was a fire-worshipper. It is said that Solomon raised her to +his bed and throne. She is also called queen of Saba or Aaziz.—<i>Al +Korân</i>, xxvi. (Sale's notes).</p> + +She fancied herself already more potent than<br> +Balkis, and pictured to her imagination the genii<br> +falling prostrate at the foot of her throne.—W.<br> +Beckford, <i>Vathek</i>.<br> + +<p><i>Balkis queen of Sheba</i> or <i>Saba</i>. Solomon being told that her legs were +covered with hair "like those of an ass," had the presence-chamber +floored with glass laid over running water filled with fish. When Balkis +approached the room, supposing the floor to be water, she lifted up her +robes and exposed her hairy ankles, of which the king had been rightly +informed.—<i>Jallalo'dinn</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Ballenkeiroch</b> (<i>Old</i>), a Highland chief and old friend of Fergus +M'Ivor.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Waverley</i> (time, Greorge II.).</p> + +<p><b>Balmung</b>, the sword of Siegfried forged by Wieland the smith of the +Scandinavian gods. In a trial of merit Wieland cleft Amilias (a brother +smith) to the waist; but so fine was the cut that Amilias was not even +conscious of it till he attempted to move, when he fell asunder into two +pieces.—<i>Niebelungen Lied</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Balrud´dery</b> (<i>The laird of</i>), a relation of Godfrey Bertram, laird +of Ellangowan.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Baltha´zar,</b> a merchant, in Shakespeare's <i>Comedy of Errors</i> (1593).</p> + +<p><i>Baltha´zar</i>, a name assumed by Portia, in Shakespeare's <i>Merchant of +Venice</i> (1598).</p> + +<p><i>Baltha´zar</i>, servant to Romeo, in Shakespeare's <i>Romeo and Juliet</i> +(1597).</p> + +<p><i>Baltha´zar</i>, servant to don Pedro, in Shakespeare's <i>Much Ado about +Nothing</i> (1600).</p> + +<p><i>Baltha´zar</i>, one of the three "kings" shown in Cologne Cathedral as one +of the "Magi" led to Bethlehem by the guiding star. The word means "lord +of treasures." The names of the other two are Melchior ("king of +light"), and Gaspar or Caspar ("the white one"). Klopstock, in <i>The +Messiah</i>, makes six "Wise Men," and none of the names are like these +three.</p> + +<p><i>Balthazar</i>, father of Juliana, Volantê, and Zam´ora. A proud, peppery, +and wealthy gentleman. His daughter Juliana marries the duke of Aranza; +his second daughter the count Montalban; and Zamora marries signor +Rinaldo.—J. Tobin, <i>The Honeymoon</i> (1804).</p> + +<p><b>Balue</b> (<i>Cardinal</i>), in the court of Louis XI. of France +(1420-1491), introduced by sir W. Scott in <i>Quentin Durward</i> (time, +Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Balugantes</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>), leader of the men from Leon, in Spain, and +in alliance with Agramant.—Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Balveny</b> (<i>Lord</i>), kinsman of the earl of Douglas.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Balwhidder</b> [<i>Bal´wither</i>], a Scotch presbyterian pastor, filled +with all the old-fashioned national prejudices, but sincere, +kind-hearted, and pious. He is garrulous and loves his joke, but is +quite ignorant of the world, being "in it but not of it."—Galt, <i>Annals +of the Parish</i> (1821).</p> + +The <i>Rev. Micah Balwhidder</i> is a fine representation<br> +of the primitive Scottish pastor; diligent,<br> +blameless, loyal, and exemplary in his life, but<br> +without the fiery zeal and "kirk-filling eloquence"<br> +of the supporters of the Covenant.—R.<br> +Chambers, <i>English Literature</i>, ii. 591.<br> + +<p><b>Baly,</b> one of the ancient and gigantic kings of India, who founded +the city called by his name. He redressed wrongs, upheld justice, was +generous and truthful, compassionate and charitable, so that at death he +became one of the judges of hell. His city in time got overwhelmed with +the encroaching ocean, but its walls were not overthrown, nor were the +rooms encumbered with the weeds and alluvial of the sea. One day a +dwarf, named Vamen, asked the mighty monarch to allow him to measure +three of his own paces for a hut to dwell in. Baly smiled, and bade him +measure out what he required. The first pace of the dwarf compassed the +whole earth, the second the whole heavens, and the third the infernal +regions. Baly at once perceived that the dwarf was Vishnû, and adored +the present deity. Vishnû made the king "Governor of Pad´alon" or hell, +and permitted him once a year to revisit the earth, on the first full +moon of November.</p> + +Baly built<br> +A city, like the cities of the gods,<br> +Being like a god himself. For many an age<br> +Hath ocean warred against his palaces,<br> +Till overwhelmed they lie beneath the waves,<br> +Not overthrown.<br> +<br> +Southey, <i>Curse of Kehama</i>, xv. 1 (1809).<br> + +<p><b>Ban,</b> king of Benwick [<i>Brittany</i>], father of sir Launcelot, and +brother of Bors king of Gaul. This "shadowy king of a still more shadowy +kingdom" came over with his royal brother to the aid of Arthur, when, at +the beginning of his reign, the eleven kings leagued against him (pt. i. +8).</p> + +Yonder I see the most valiant knight of the<br> +world, and the man of most renown, for such<br> +two brethren as are king Ban and king Bors are<br> +not living.—Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince<br> +Arthur</i>, i. 14 (1470).<br> + +<p><b>Banastar</b> (<i>Humfrey</i>), brought up by Henry duke of Buckingham, and +advanced by him to honor and wealth. He professed to love the duke as +his dearest friend; but when Richard III. offered £1000 reward to any +one who would deliver up the duke, Banastar betrayed him to John Mitton, +sheriff of Shropshire, and he was conveyed to Salisbury, where he was +beheaded. The ghost of the duke prayed that Banastar's eldest son, "reft +of his wits might end his life in a pigstye;" that his second son might +"be drowned in a dyke" containing less than "half a foot of water;" that +his only daughter might be a leper; and that Banastar himself might +"live in death and die in life."—Thomas Sackville, <i>A Mirrour for +Magistraytes</i> ("The Complaynt," 1587).</p> + +<p><b>Banberg</b> (<i>The Bishop of</i>), introduced in Donnerhugel's +narrative.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Banbury Cheese.</b> Bardolph calls Slender a "Banbury cheese" (<i>Merry +Wives of Windsor</i>, act i. sc. 1); and in <i>Jack Drum's Entertainment</i> we +read, "You are like a Banbury cheese, nothing but paring." The Banbury +cheese alluded to was a milk cheese, about an inch in thickness.</p> + +<p><b>Bandy-legged,</b> Armand Gouffé (1775-1845), also called <i>Le panard du +dix-neuvième siecle</i>. He was one of the founders of the "Caveau +moderne."</p> + +<p><b>Banks,</b> a farmer, the great terror of old mother Sawyer, the witch +of Edmonton.—<i>The Witch of Edmonton</i> (by Rowley, Dekker, and Ford, +1658).</p> + +<p><b>Banquo,</b> a Scotch general of royal extraction, in the time of Edward +the Confessor. He was murdered at the instigation of king Macbeth, but +his son Fleance escaped, and from this Fleance descended a race of kings +who filled the throne of Scotland, ending with James I. of England, in +whom were united the two crowns. The witches on the blasted heath hailed +Banquo as—</p> + +(1) Lesser than Macbeth, and greater.<br> +(2) Not so happy, yet much happier.<br> +(3) Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none.<br> +<br> +Shakespeare, <i>Macbeth</i>, act i. sc. 3 (1606).<br> + +<p>(Historically no such person as Banquo ever existed, and therefore +Fleance was not the ancestor of the house of Stuart.)</p> + +<p><b>Ban´shee,</b> a tutelary female spirit. Every chief family of Ireland +has its banshee, who is supposed to give it warning of approaching death +or danger.</p> + +<p><b>Bantam</b> (<i>Angela Cyrus</i>), grand-master of the ceremonies at +"Ba-ath," and a very mighty personage in the opinion of the <i>élite</i> of +Bath.—C. Dickens, <i>The Pickwick Papers</i> (1836).</p> + +<p><b>Bap,</b> a contraction of <i>Bap'liomet, i.e.</i> Mahomet. An imaginary idol +or symbol which the Templars were accused of employing in their +mysterious religious rites. It was a small human figure cut in stone, +with two heads, one male and the other female, but all the rest of the +figure was female. Specimens still exist.</p> + +<p><b>Bap'tes</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), priests of the goddess Cotytto, whose midnight +orgies were so obscene as to disgust even the very goddess of obscenity. +(Greek, <i>bapto</i>, "to baptize," because these priests bathed themselves +in the most effeminate manner.)</p> + +<p><b>Baptis'ta,</b> a rich gentleman of Padua, father of Kathari'na "the +shrew," and Bianca.—Shakespeare, <i>Taming of the Shrew</i> (1594).</p> + +<p><b>Baptisti Damiotti,</b> a Paduan quack, who shows in the enchanted +mirror a picture representing the clandestine marriage and infidelity of +sir Philip Forester.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Aunt Margaret's Mirror</i> (time, +William III.).</p> + +<p><b>Bar'abas,</b> the faithful servant of Ealph Lascours, captain of the +<i>Uran'ia.</i> His favorite expression is "I am afraid;" but he always acts +most bravely when he is afraid. (See BARRABAS.)—E. Stirling, <i>The +Orphan of the Frozen Sea</i> (1856).</p> + +<p><b>Bar'adas</b> (<i>Count</i>), the king's favorite, first gentleman of the +chamber, and one of the conspirators to dethrone Louis XIII., kill +Richelieu, and place the duc d'Orleans on the throne of France. Baradas +loved Julie, but Julie married the chevalier Adrien de Mauprat. When +Richelieu fell into disgrace, the king made count Baradas his chief +minister, but scarcely had he so done when a despatch was put into his +hand revealing the conspiracy, and Richelieu ordered Baradas' instant +arrest.—Lord Lytton, <i>Richelieu</i> (1839).</p> + +<p><b>Barak el Hadgi,</b> the fakir´, an emissary from the court of Hyder +Ali.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Surgeon's Daughter</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Barbara,</b> the widowed heroine whose vacillations of devotion to her +buried husband and the living cousin who might be his twin, furnish the +<i>motif</i> for Amelie Rives's story, <i>The Quick or the Dead?</i> (1888).</p> + +<p><b>Barbara Floyd,</b> lonely-hearted wife in George Fleming's (Julia C. +Fletcher) novel, <i>The Head of Medusa</i>. The scene of the story is laid in +modern Rome; Barbara, married to an Italian nobleman, has an inner and +purer life with which the corruptions of the gay capital meddle +not.—(1880.)</p> + +<p><b>Barbara Frietchie,</b> heroic old woman of Frederick, Maryland, who +took up the flag the men had hauled down at the command of Stonewall +Jackson.—John Greenleaf Whittier, <i>Barbara Frietchie</i> (1864).</p> + +Barbara Frietchie's work is o'er<br> +And the Rebel rides on his raids no more.<br> +<br> +Honor to her! and let a tear<br> +Fall, for her sake, on Stonewall's bier.<br> +<br> +Over Barbara Frietchie's grave<br> +Flag of Freedom and Union wave.<br> +<br> +Peace and order and beauty draw<br> +Bound thy symbol of light and law,<br> +<br> +And ever the stars above look down On thy stars below in Frederick Town.<br> + +<p><b>Barbara Holabird,</b> the rattle-pate of the Holabird sisters in A.D.T. +Whitney's <i>We Girls</i>. She coins words and bakes lace-edged griddle-cakes +and contrives rhymes, and tells on the last page of the book how it was +made. "We rushed in, especially I, Barbara, and did little bits, and so +it came to be a Song o' Sixpence, and at last four Holabirds were +'singing in the pie.'"—(1868.)</p> + +<p><b>Barbara's History,</b> story of young, untrained but bright and +attractive girl who marries a man of the world. The conflict of two +strong, wayward natures is long and fierce, resulting in temporary +separation, and the discipline of sorrow and absence in +reconciliation.—Amelia B. Edwards.</p> + +<p><b>Barbarossa</b> ("<i>red beard</i>"), surname of Frederick I. of Germany +(1121-1190). It is said that he never died, but is still sleeping in +Kyffhauserberg in Thuringia. There he sits at a stone table with his six +knights, waiting the "fulness of time," when he will come from his cave +to rescue Germany from bondage, and give her the foremost place of all +the-world. His beard has already grown through the table-slab, but must +wind itself thrice round the table before his second advent. (See +MANSUR, CHARLEMAGNE, ABTHUR, DESMOND, SEBASTIAN I., to whom similar +legends are attached.)</p> + +Like Barbarossa, who sits in a cave,<br> +Taciturn, sombre, sedate, and grave.<br> +<br> +Longfellow, <i>The Golden Legend</i>.<br> + +<p><i>Barbarossa</i>, a tragedy by John Brown. This is not Frederick Barbarossa, +the emperor of Germany (1121-1190), but Horne Barbarossa, the +corsair (1475-1519). He was a renegade Greek, of Mitylenê, who made +himself master of Algeria, which was for a time subject to Turkey. He +killed the Moorish king; tried to cut off Selim the son, but without +success; and wanted to marry Zaphi'ra, the king's widow, who rejected +his suit with scorn, and was kept in confinement for seven years. Selim +returned unexpectedly to Algiers, and a general rising took place; +Barbarossa was slain by the insurgents; Zaphira was restored to the +throne; and Selim her son married Irenê the daughter of Barbarossa +(1742).</p> + +<p><b>Bar'bara</b> (<i>St.</i>), the patron saint of arsenals. When her father was +about to strike off her head, she was killed by a flash of lightning.</p> + +<p><b>Barbason,</b> the name of a demon. Amaimon sounds well; Lucifer well; +Barbason well; yet they are ... the names of fiends.—<i>Merry Wives of +Windsor</i>, ii. 2.</p> + +I am not Barbason, you cannot conjure me.—<i>Henry<br> +V</i>. ii. 1.<br> + +<p><b>Bar'bason,</b> the name of a demon mentioned in <i>The Merry Wives of +Windsor</i>, act ii. sc. 2 (1596).</p> + +I am not Barbason; you cannot conjure me.—Shakespeare,<br> +<i>Henry V</i>. act ii. sc. I (1599).<br> + +<p><b>Barby Elster,</b> sharp-tongued and sweet-hearted "help" in the +Rossiter family in Susan Warner's <i>Queechy</i>. She considers herself her +employers' more-than-equal and loses no opportunity of expressing the +conviction.—(1852.)</p> + +<p><b>Barclay of Ury,</b> an Aberdeen laird, persecuted +as a "Quaker coward" by a mob +of former friends and dependents, offers +no resistance and refuses defence from the +sword of an ancient henchman.<br> +"Is the sinful servant more<br> +Than his gracious Lord who bore<br> +Bonds and stripes in Jewry?"<br> +<br> +J.G. Whittier, <i>Barclay of Ury</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Barco'chebah,</b> an antichrist.</p> + +Shared the fall of the antichrist Barcochebar.—Professor<br> +Selwin, <i>Ecce Homo</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Bard of Avon</b>, Shakespeare, born and buried at Stratford-upon-Avon +(1564-1616).</p> + +<p><i>Bard of Ayrshire</i>, Robert Burns, a native of Ayrshire (1759-1796).</p> + +<p><i>Bard of Hope</i>, Thomas Campbell, author of <i>The Pleasures of Hope</i> +(1777-1844).</p> + +<p><i>Bard of the Imagination</i>, Mark Akenside, author of <i>The Pleasures of +the Imagination</i> (1721-1770).</p> + +<p><i>Bard of Memory</i>, S. Rogers, author of <i>The Pleasures of Memory</i> +(1762-1855).</p> + +<p><i>Bard of Olney</i>, W. Cowper <i>[Coo'-per]</i>, who lived for many years at +Olney, in Bucks (1731-1800).</p> + +<p><i>Bard of Prose</i>, Boccaccio.</p> + +He of the hundred tales of love.<br> +<br> +Byron, <i>Childe Harold</i>, iv. 56 (1818).<br> + +<p><i>Bard of Rydal Mount</i>, William Wordsworth, who lived at Rydal Mount; +also called "Poet of the Excursion," from his principal poem +(1770-1850).</p> + +<p><i>Bard of Twickenham</i>, Alexander Pope, who lived at Twickenham +(1688-1744).</p> + +<p><b>Bardell</b> <i>(Mrs.)</i>, landlady of "apartments for single gentlemen" in +Groswell Street. Here Mr. Pickwick lodged for a time. She persuaded +herself that he would make her a good second husband, and on one +occasion was seen in his arms by his three friends. Mrs. Bardell put +herself in the hands of Messrs. Dodson and Fogg (two unprincipled +lawyers), who vamped up a case against Mr. Pickwick of "breach of +promise," and obtained a verdict against the defendant. Subsequently +Messrs. Dodson and Fogg arrested their own client, and lodged her in the +Fleet.—C. Dickens, <i>The Pickwick Papers</i> (1836).</p> + +<p><b>Barde'sanist</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), a follower of Barde'san, founder of a +Gnostic sect in the second century.</p> + +<p><b>Bardo Bardi,</b> aged blind scholar, father of Romola. She is his +colaborer in the studies he pursues despite his infirmity.—George +Eliot, <i>Romola</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bar'dolph,</b> corporal of captain sir John Falstaff, in 1 and 2 <i>Henry +IV.</i> and in <i>The Merry Wives of Windsor</i>. In <i>Henry V.</i> he is promoted +to lieutenant, and Nym is corporal. Both are hanged. Bardolph is a +bravo, but great humorist; he is a lowbred, drunken swaggerer, wholly +without principle, and always poor. His red, pimply nose is an +everlasting joke with sir John and others. Sir John in allusion thereto +calls Bardolph "The Knight of the Burning Lamp." He says to him, "Thou +art our admiral, and bearest the lantern in the poop." Elsewhere he +tells the corporal he had saved him a "thousand marks in links and +torches, walking with him in the night betwixt tavern and +tavern."—Shakespeare.</p> + +We are much of the mind of Falstaff's tailor.<br> +We must have better assurance for sir John than<br> +Bardolph's.—Macaulay.<br> + +<p>(The reference is to 2 <i>Henry IV</i>. act i. sc. 2. When Falstaff asks +Page, "What said Master Dumbleton about the satin for my short cloak and +slops!" Page replies, "He said, sir, you should procure him better +assurance than Bardolph. He ... liked not the security.")</p> + +<p><b>Bardon</b> <i>(Hugh)</i>, the scout-master in the troop of lieutenant +Fitzurse.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Barefoot Boy,</b> reminiscence of the author's own boyhood in +Whittier's poem, <i>The Barefoot Boy</i>.</p> + +Prince thou art,—the grown-up man<br> +Only is republican.<br> + +<p><b>Barère</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), an advocate of Toulouse, called "The Anacreon of +the Guillotine." He was president of the Convention, a member of the +Constitutional Committee, and chief agent in the condemnation to death +of Louis XVI. As member of the Committee of Public Safety, he decreed +that "Terror must be the order of the day." In the first empire Barère +bore no public part, but at the restoration he was banished from France, +and retired to Brussels (1755-1841).</p> + +The filthiest and most spiteful Yahoo of the<br> +fiction was a noble creature compared with the<br> +Barère of history.—Lord Macaulay.<br> + +<p><b>Barfüsle</b>, pretty German child, left an orphan at a tender age, and +cast upon the world. She maintains herself reputably and resists many +temptations until she is happily married.—Bernard Auerbach, <i>Barfüsle.</i></p> + +<p><b>Bar'guest,</b> a goblin armed with teeth and claws. It would sometimes +set up in the streets a most fearful scream in the "dead waste and +middle of the night." The faculty of seeing this monster was limited to +a few, but those who possessed it could by the touch communicate the +"gift" to others.—<i>Fairy Mythology, North of England</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bar'gulus,</b> an Illyrian robber or pirate.</p> + +Bargulus, Illyrius latro, de quo est apud Theopompum<br> +magnas opes habuit.—Cicero, <i>De Officiis</i>,<br> +ii. 11.<br> + +<p><b>Baricondo,</b> one of the leaders of the +Moorish army. He was slain by the duke +of Clarence.—Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> +(1516).</p> + +<p><b>Barker</b> (.Mr.), friend to Sowerberry. <i>Mrs. Barker</i>, his wife.—W. +Brough, <i>A Phenomenon in a Smock Frock</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bar'kis,</b> the carrier who courted [Clara] Peggot'ty, by telling +David Copperfield when he wrote home to say to his nurse "Barkis is +willin'." Clara took the hint and became Mrs. Barkis.</p> + +He dies when the tide goes out, confirming the<br> +superstition that people can't die till the tide goes<br> +out, or be born till it is in. The last words he<br> +utters are "Barkis is willin'."—C. Dickens, <i>David<br> +Copperfield</i>, xxx. (1849).<br> + +<p>(Mrs. Quickly says of sir John Falstaff, "'A parted even just between +twelve and one, e'en at the turning o' the tide."—<i>Henry V</i>. act ii. +sc. 3, 1599.)</p> + +<p><b>Bar'laham and Josaphat,</b> the heroes and title of a minnesong, the +object of which was to show the triumph of Christian doctrines over +paganism. Barlaham is a hermit who converts Josaphat, an Indian prince. +This "lay" was immensely popular in the Middle Ages, and has been +translated into every European language.—Rudolf of Ems (a minnesinger, +thirteenth century).</p> + +<p><b>Barley</b> <i>(Bill)</i>, Clara's father. Chiefly remarkable for drinking +rum, and thumping on the floor.—C. Dickens, <i>Great Expectations</i> +(1860).</p> + +<p><b>Barleycorn</b> (<i>Sir John</i>), Malt-liquor personified. His neighbors +vowed that sir John should die, so they hired ruffians to "plough him +with ploughs and bury him;" this they did, and afterwards "combed him +with harrows and thrust clods on his head," but did not kill him. Then +with hooks and sickles they "cut his legs off at the knees," bound him +like a thief, and left him "to wither with the wind," but he died not. +They now "rent him to the heart," and having "mowed him in a mow," sent +two bravos to beat him with clubs, and they beat him so sore that "all +his flesh fell from his bones," but yet he died not. To a kiln they next +hauled him, and burnt him like a martyr, but he survived the burning. +They crushed him between two stones, but killed him not. Sir John bore +no malice for this ill-usage, but did his best to cheer the flagging +spirits even of his worst persecutors.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">This song, from the <i>English Dancing-Master</i> (1651), is generally +ascribed to Robert Burns, but all that the Scotch poet did was slightly +to alter parts of it. The same may be said of "Auld lang Syne," "Ca' the +Yowes," "My Heart is Sair for Somebody," "Green grow the Rashes, O!" and +several other songs, set down to the credit of Burns.</p> + +<p><b>Barlow,</b> the favorite archer of Henry VIII. He was jocosely created +by the merry monarch "Duke of Shoreditch," and his two companions +"Marquis of Islington" and "Earl of Pancras."</p> + +<p><i>Barlow (Billy)</i>, a jester, who fancied himself a "mighty potentate." He +was well known in the east of London, and died in Whitechapel workhouse. +Some of his sayings were really witty, and some of his attitudes truly +farcical.</p> + +<p><b>Bar'mecide.</b> Schacabac "the hare-lipped," a man in the greatest +distress, one day called on the rich Barmecide, who in merry jest asked +him to dine with him. Barmecide first washed in hypothetical water, +Schacabac followed his example. Barmecide then pretended to eat of +various dainties, Schacabac did the same, and praised them highly, and +so the "feast" went on to the close. The story says Barmecide was so +pleased that Schacabac had the good sense and good temper to enter into +the spirit of the joke without resentment, that he ordered in a real +banquet, at which Schacabac was a welcome guest.—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("The +Barber's Sixth Brother").</p> + +<p><b>Bar'nabas</b> <i>(St.)</i>, a disciple of Gamaliel, cousin of St. Mark, and +fellow-laborer with St. Paul. He was martyred at Salamis, A.D. 63. <i>St. +Barnabas' Day</i> is June 11.—<i>Acts</i> iv. 36, 37.</p> + +<p><b>Bar'naby</b> <i>(Widow)</i>, the title and chief character of a novel by +Mrs. Trollope (1839). The widow is a vulgar, pretentious husband-hunter, +wholly without principle. <i>Widow Barnaby</i> has a sequel called <i>The +Barnabys in America, or The Widow Married</i>, a satire on America and the +Americans (1840).</p> + +<p><b>Barnaby Rudge</b>, a half-witted whose companion is a raven. He is +enticed into joining the Gordon rioters.—C. Dickens, <i>Barnaby Budge</i> +(1841). (See RUDGE.)</p> + +<p><b>Barnacle,</b> brother of old Nicholas Cockney, and guardian of +Priscilla Tomboy of the West Indies. Barnacle is a tradesman of the old +school, who thinks the foppery and extravagance of the "Cockney" school +inconsistent with prosperous shop-keeping. Though brusque and even +ill-mannered, he has good sense and good discernment of character.—<i>The +Romp</i> (altered from Bickerstaff's <i>Love in the City</i>).</p> + +<p><b>Barnadine,</b> malefactor, condemned to death, "who will not die that +day, upon any man's persuasion."—Shakespeare, <i>Measure for Measure</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Barnes</b> (1 <i>syl</i>.), servant to colonel Mannering, at Woodburne.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Barney,</b> a repulsive Jew, who waited on the customers at the low +public-house frequented by Fagin and his associates. Barney always spoke +through his nose.—C. Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i> (1837).</p> + +<p><b>Barn'stable</b> (<i>Lieutenant</i>), in the British navy, in love with Kate +Plowden, niece of colonel Howard of New York. The alliance not being +approved of, Kate is removed from England to America, but Barnstable +goes to America to discover her retreat. In this he succeeds, but being +seized as a spy, is commanded by colonel Howard to be hung to the +yardarm of an American frigate called the <i>Alacrity</i>. Scarcely is the +young man led off, when the colonel is informed that Barnstable is his +own son, and he arrives at the scene of execution just in time to save +him. Of course after this he marries the lady of his affection.—E. +Fitzball, <i>The Pilot</i> (a burletta).</p> + +<p><b>Barnwell</b> (<i>George</i>), the chief character and title of a tragedy by +George Lillo. George Barnwell is a London apprentice, who falls in love +with Sarah Millwood of Shoreditch, who leads him astray. He first robs +his master of £200. He next robs his uncle, a rich grazier at Ludlow, +and murders him. Having spent all the money of his iniquity, Sarah +Millwood turns him off and informs against him. Both are executed +(1732).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> For many years this play was acted on boxing-night, as a useful +lesson to London apprentices. <b>Baron</b> (<i>The old English</i>), a romance +by Clara Reeve (1777).</p> + +<p><b>Bar'rabas</b>, the rich "Jew of Malta." He is simply a human monster, +who kills in sport, poisons whole nunneries, and invents infernal +machines. Shakespeare's "Shylock" has a humanity in the very whirlwind +of his resentment, but Marlowe's "Barrabas" is a mere ideal of that +"thing" which Christian prejudice once deemed a Jew. (See +BARABAS.)—Marlowe, <i>The Jew of Malta</i> (1586).</p> + +<p><i>Bar'rabas</i>, the famous robber and murderer set free instead of Christ +by desire of the Jews. Called in the New Testament <i>Barab'has</i>. Marlowe +calls the word "Barrabas" in his <i>Jew of Malta</i>, and Shakespeare says:</p> + +"Would any of the stock of Bar'rabas<br> +Had been her husband, rather than a Christian."<br> +<br> +<i>Merchant of Venice</i>, act iv. sc. 1 (1598).<br> + +<p><b>Barry Cornwall</b>, the <i>nom de plume</i> of Bryan Waller Procter. It is +an imperfect anagram of his name (1788-1874).</p> + +<p><b>Barsad</b> (<i>John), alias</i> Solomon Pross, a spy.</p> + +He had an aquiline nose, but not straight,<br> +having a peculiar inclination towards the left<br> +cheek; expression, therefore, sinister.—C. Dickens,<br> +<i>A Tale of Two Cities</i>, ii. 16 (1859).<br> + +<p><b>Barsis'a</b> (<i>Santon</i>), in <i>The Guardian</i>, the basis of the story +called <i>The Monk</i>, by M. G. Lewis (1796).</p> + +<p><b>Barston</b>, <i>alias</i> captain Fenwicke, a jesuit and secret +correspondent of the conntess of Derby.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the +Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Barthol'omew</b> (<i>Brother</i>), guide of the two Philipsons on their way +to Strasburg.</p> + +<p>—Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><i>Bartholomew (St.).</i> His day is August 24, and his symbol a knife, in +allusion to the knife with which he is said to have been flayed alive.</p> + +<p><b>Bartley Hubbard</b>, the "smart" newspaper-man in <i>A Modern Instance</i>, +by William Dean Howells (1883). He also plies his trade and exhibits his +assurance in <i>The Rise of Silas Lapham</i> (1885).</p> + +<p><b>Bartoldo</b>, a rich old miser, who died of fear and want of +sustenance. Fazio rifled his treasures, and on the accusation of his own +wife was tried and executed.—Dean Milman, <i>Fazio</i> (1815).</p> + +<p><i>Bartoldo</i>, same as <i>Bertoldo</i> (<i>q.v.</i>).</p> + +<p><b>Bartoli</b> (in French <i>Barthole</i>, better known, however, by the Latin +form of the name, <i>Bartolus</i>) was the most famous master of the +dialectical school of jurists (1313-1356). He was born at Sasso Ferrata +in Italy, and was professor of Civil Law at the University of Perugia. +His reputation was at one time immense, and his works were quoted as +authority in nearly every European court. Hence the French proverb, +applied to a well-read lawyer, <i>He knows his "Barthole" as well as a +Cordelier his "Dormi</i>" (an anonymous compilation of sermons for the use +of the Cordelier monks). Another common French expression, <i>Résolu comme +Barthole</i> ("as decided as Barthole"), is a sort of punning allusion to +his <i>Resolutiones Bartoli</i>, a work in which the knottiest questions are +solved with <i>ex cathedra</i> peremptoriness.</p> + +<p><b>Bar'tolus,</b> a covetous lawyer, husband of Amaran'ta.—Beaumont and +Fletcher, <i>The Spanish Curate</i> (1622).</p> + +<p><b>Barton</b> (<i>Sir Andrew</i>), a Scotch sea-officer, who had obtained in +1511 letters of marque for himself and his two sons, to make reprisals +upon the subjects of Portugal. The council-board of England, at which +the earl of Surrey presided, was daily pestered by complaints from +British merchants and sailors against Barton, and at last it was decided +to put him down. Two ships were, therefore, placed under the commands of +sir Thomas and sir Edward Howard, an engagement took place, and sir +Andrew Barton was slain, bravely fighting. A ballad in two parts, called +"Sir Andrew Barton," is inserted in Percy's <i>Reliques</i>, II. ii. 12.</p> + +<p><b>Bartram</b>, the lime-burner, an obtuse, middle-aged clown in <i>Ethan +Brand</i> by Nathaniel Hawthorne. When he finds the suicide's skeleton in +the kiln, the heart whole within the ribs, he congratulates himself that +"his kiln is half a bushel richer for him" (1846).</p> + +<p><b>Baruch.</b> <i>Dites, donc, avez-vous lu Baruch?</i> Said when a person puts +an unexpected question, or makes a startling proposal. It arose thus: +Lafontaine went one day with Racine to <i>tenebrae</i>, and was given a +Bible. He turned at random to the "Prayer of the Jews," in Baruch, and +was so struck with it that he said aloud to Racine, "Dites, donc, who +was this Baruch? Why, do you know, man, he was a fine genius;" and for +some days afterwards the first question he asked his friends was, +<i>Diles, done, Mons., avez-vous lu Baruch?</i></p> + +<p><b>Barzil'lai</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the duke of Ormond, +a friend and firm adherent of Charles II. +As Barzillai assisted David when he was +expelled by Absalom from his kingdom, +so Ormond assisted Charles II. when he +was in exile.</p> + +Barzillai, crowned with honors and with years,...<br> +In exile with his god-like prince he mourned,<br> +For him he suffered, and with him returned.<br> + +<p>Dryden, <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, i.</p> + +<p><b>Basa-Andre</b>, the wild woman, a sorceress, married to Basa-Jaun, a +sort of vampire. Basa-Andre sometimes is a sort of land mermaid (a +beautiful lady who sits in a cave combing her locks with a golden comb). +She hates church bells. (See BASA-JAUN.)</p> + +<p><b>Basa-Jaun</b>, a wood-sprite, married to Basa-Andre, a sorceress. Both +hated the sound of church bells. Three brothers and their sister agreed +to serve him, but the wood-sprite used to suck blood from the finger of +the girl, and the brothers resolved to kill him. This they accomplished. +The Basa-Andre induced the girl to put a tooth into each of the +footbaths of her brothers, and lo! they became oxen. The girl crossing a +bridge saw Basa-Andre, and said if she did not restore her brothers she +would put her into a red-hot oven, so Basa-Andre told the girl to give +each brother three blows on the back with a hazel wand, and on so doing +they were restored to their proper forms.—Rev. W. Webster, <i>Basque +Legends</i>, 49 (1877).</p> + +<p><b>Bas Bleu</b>, nickname applied to literary women in the days succeeding +the French Revolution, made familiar in America by J. K. Paulding's +<i>Azure Hose</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bashaba</b>, sachem in J. G.L. Whittier's +poem, <i>The Bridal of Pennacock</i>. His beautiful +daughter, scorned by the chief to +whom Bashaba gave her in marriage, and +detained against her will by her angry +father, steals away by night in a canoe and +<b>is</b> drowned in a vain attempt</p> + +To seek the wigwam of her chief once more.<br> + +<p><b>Bashful Man</b> (<i>The</i>), a comic drama by</p> + +<p>W. T. Moncrieff. Edward Blushington, a young man just come into a large +fortune, is so bashful and shy that life is a misery to him. He dines at +Friendly Hall, and makes all sorts of ridiculous blunders. His college +chum, Frank Friendly, sends word to say that he and his sister Dinah, +with sir Thomas and lady Friendly, will dine with him at Blushington +House. After a few glasses of wine, Edward loses his shyness, makes a +long speech, and becomes the accepted suitor of Dinah Friendly.</p> + +<p><b>Basil</b>, the blacksmith of Grand Pré, in Acadia (now <i>Nova Scotia</i>), +and father of Gabriel the betrothed of Evangeline. When, the colony was +driven into exile in 1713 by George II., Basil settled in Louisiana, and +greatly prospered; but his son led a wandering life, looking for +Evangeline, and died in Pennsylvania of the plague.—Longfellow, +<i>Evangeline</i> (1849).</p> + +<p><b>Basil March</b>, a clever, cynical, and altogether charming man of +letters who takes one of the leading parts in William Dean Howells's +<i>Their Wedding Journey. A Chance Acquaintance</i>, and <i>A Hazard of New +Fortunes</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Ba'sile</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a calumniating, niggardly bigot in <i>Le Mariage +de Figaro</i>, and again in <i>Le Barbier de Séville</i>, both by Beaumarchais. +Basile and Tartuffe are the two French incarnations of religious +hypocrisy. The former is the clerical humbug, and the latter the lay +religious hypocrite. Both deal largely in calumny, and trade in slander.</p> + +<p><b>Basilis'co,</b> a bully and a braggart, in <i>Solyman and Perseda</i> +(1592). Shakespeare has made Pistol the counterpart of Basilisco.</p> + +Knight, knight, good mother, Basilisco-like.<br> +<br> +Shakespeare, <i>King John</i>, act i. sc. 1 (1596).<br> + +<p>(That is, "my boasting like Basilisco has made me a knight, good +mother.")</p> + +<p><b>Basilisk,</b> supposed to kill with its gaze the person who looked on +it. Thus Henry VI. says to Suffolk, "Come, basilisk, and kill the +innocent gazer with thy sight."</p> + +Natus in ardente Lydiæ basiliscus arena,<br> +Vulnerat aspectu, luminibusque nocet.<br> +<br> +Mantuanus.<br> + +<p><b>Basilius,</b> a neighbor of Quiteria, whom he loved from childhood, but +when grown up the father of the lady forbade him the house, and promised +Quiteria in marriage to Camacho, the richest man of the vicinity. On +their way to church they passed Basilius, who had fallen on his sword, +and all thought he was at the point of death. He prayed Quiteria to +marry him, "for his soul's peace," and as it was deemed a mere ceremony, +they were married in due form. Up then started the wounded man, and +showed that the stabbing was only a ruse, and the blood that of a sheep +from the slaughter-house. Camacho gracefully accepted the defeat, and +allowed the preparations for the general feast to proceed.</p> + +Basilius is strong and active, pitches the bar<br> +admirably, wrestles with amazing dexterity, and<br> +is an excellent cricketer. He runs like a buck,<br> +leaps like a wild goat, and plays at skittles like<br> +a wizard. Then he has a fine voice for singing,<br> +he touches the guitar so as to make it speak, and<br> +handles a foil as well as any fencer in Spain.—Cervantes,<br> +<i>Don Quixote</i>, II. ii. 4 (1615).<br> + +<p><b>Basrig</b> or <b>Bagsecg,</b> a Scandinavian king, who with Halden or +Halfdene (2 <i>syl</i>.) king of Denmark, in 871, made a descent on Wessex. +In this year Ethelred fought nine pitched battles with the Danes. The +first was the battle of Englefield, in Berkshire, lost by the Danes; the +next was the battle of Beading, won by the Danes; the third was the +famous battle of Æscesdun or Ashdune (now <i>Ashton</i>), lost by the Danes, +and in which king Bagsecg was slain.</p> + +And Ethelred with them [<i>the Danes</i>] nine sundry fields that fought ...<br> +Then Reading ye regained, led by that valiant lord,<br> +Where Basrig ye outbraved, and Halden sword to sword.<br> +<br> +Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xii. (1613).<br> +<br> + +<p>Next year (871) the Danes for the first time +entered Wessex.... The first place they came +to was Reading.... Nine great battles, besides +smaller skirmishes, were fought this year, in +some of which the English won, and in others +the Danes. First, alderman Æthelwulf fought +the Danes at Englefield, and beat them. Four +days after that there was another battle at +Reading ... where the Danes had the better of it, +and Æthelwulf was killed. Four days afterwards +there was another more famous battle at +Æscesdun ... and king Æthelred fought against +the two kings, and slew Bagsecg with his own +hand.—E. A. Freeman, <i>Old English History</i> +(1869); see Asser, <i>Life of Alfred</i> (ninth century).</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Bassa'nio,</b> the lover of Portia, successful in his choice of the +three caskets, which awarded her to him as wife. It was for Bassanio +that his friend Antonio borrowed 3000 ducats of the Jew Shylock, on the +strange condition that if he returned the loan within three months no +interest should be required, but if not, the Jew might claim a pound of +Antonio's flesh for forfeiture.—Shakespeare, <i>Merchant of Venice</i> +(1598).</p> + +<p><b>Bas'set</b> <i>(Count)</i>, a swindler and forger, who assumes the title of +"count" to further his dishonest practices.—C. Cibber, <i>The Provoked +Husband</i> (1728).</p> + +<p><b>Bassia'nus,</b> brother of Satur'nius emperor of Rome, in love with +Lavin'ia daughter of Titus Andron'icus (properly <i>Andronicus</i>). He is +stabbed by Deme'trius and Chiron, sons of Tam'ora queen of the +Goths.—(?) Shakespeare, <i>Titus Andronicus</i> (1593).</p> + +<p><b>Bassi'no</b> <i>(Count)</i>, the "perjured husband of Aurelia" slain by +Alonzo.—Mrs. Centlivre, <i>The Perjured Husband</i> (1700).</p> + +<p><b>Bassanio</b>, a youth of noble birth but crippled fortunes, whose +desire to win the hand of Portia, a rich heiress, is the moving spring +of the action of Shakespeare's <i>The Merchant of Venice</i>. Portia's father +has left three caskets, and has ordered in his will that his daughter is +to marry only the man who chooses the casket that holds her portrait. +That Bassanio may enter the list of Portia's suitors, his friend Antonio +borrows money of Shylock, a Jew, who, out of hatred to the merchant, +entraps him into pledging a pound of his flesh as surety for the loan. +Bassanio marries Portia, but misfortune overtakes Antonio, he forfeits +his bond, and his life is only saved by a quibble devised by Portia.</p> + +<p><b>Bastard of Orleans</b>, in Shakespeare's <i>Henry VI</i> Part 1, is Jean +Dunois a natural son of Louis of Orleans, brother of Charles VI.</p> + +<p><b>Bat</b> (<i>Dr</i>.), naturalist in Cooper's <i>Prairie</i>, who mistakes his ass +at night for a monster described in his note-book.</p> + +<p><b>Bates</b> (1 <i>syl</i>.), a soldier in the army of Henry V. He with Court +and Williams are sentinals before the English camp at Agincourt, and the +king disguised comes to them during the watch, and talks with them +respecting the impending battle,—Shakespeare, <i>Henry V</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Bates (Charley)</i>, generally called "Master Bates," one of Fagin's +"pupils," training to be a pickpocket. He is always laughing +uproariously, and is almost equal in artifice and adroitness to "The +Artful Dodger" himself.—C. Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i> (1837).</p> + +<p><i>Bates (Frank)</i>, the friend of Whittle. A man of good plain sense, who +tries to laugh the old beau out of his folly.—Garrick, <i>The Irish +Widow</i> (1757).</p> + +<p><b>Bath</b> (<i>King of</i>), Richard Nash, generally called <i>Beau</i> Nash, +master of-the ceremonies for fifteen years in that fashionable city +(1674-1761).</p> + +<p><i>Bath (The Maid of</i>), Miss Linley, a beautiful and accomplished singer, +who married Richard B. Sheridan, the statesman and dramatist.</p> + +<p><i>Bath (The Wife of</i>), one of the pilgrims travelling from Southwark to +Canterbury, in Chaucer's <i>Canterbury Tales</i>. She tells her tale in turn, +and chooses "Midas" for her subject (1388).</p> + +<p><b>Bathsheba</b> in Dryden's <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i> is Louisa de +Queronailles, a young French lady brought into England by the Duchess of +Orleans, and who became the mistress of Charles II. The King made her +Duchess of Portsmouth.</p> + +My father [<i>Charles II.</i>] whom with reverence I name ...<br> +Is grown in Bathsheba's embraces old.<br> +<br> +Dryden, <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, ii.<br> + +<p><b>Bathsheba Everdeiie,</b> handsome heiress of an English farmstead, +beloved by two honest men and one knave. She marries the knave in haste, +and repents it at leisure for years thereafter. Released by his death, +she marries Gabriel Oak.—Thomas Hardy, <i>Far from the Madding Crowd</i> +(1874).</p> + +<p><b>Battar</b> <i>(Al), i.e. the trenchant</i>, one of Mahomet's swords.</p> + +<p><b>Battus</b>, a shepherd of Arcadia. Having +witnessed Mercury's theft of Apollo's oxen, +he received a cow from the thief to ensure +his secrecy; but, in order to test his fidelity, +Mercury re-appeared soon afterwards, and +offered him an ox and a cow if he would +blab. Battus fell into the trap, and was +instantly changed into a touchstone.</p> + +When Tantalus in hell sees store and starves;<br> +And senseless Battus for a touchstone serves.<br> + +<p>Lord Brooke, <i>Treatise on Monarchie</i>, iv.</p> + +<p><b>Bau'cis and Philemon</b>, an aged Phrygian woman and her husband, who +received Jupiter and Mercury hospitably when every one else in the place +had refused to entertain them. For this courtesy the gods changed the +Phrygians' cottage into a magnificent temple, and appointed the pious +couple over it. They both died at the same time, according to their +wish, and were converted into two trees before the temple.—<i>Greek and +Roman Mythology</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Baul'die</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), stable-boy of Joshua Geddes the quaker.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Red-gauntlet</i> (time, George III.).</p> + +<p><i>Baul'die</i> (2 <i>syl.</i>), the old shepherd in the introduction of the story +called <i>The Black Dwarf</i>, by sir W. Scott (time, Anne).</p> + +<p><b>Bavian Fool</b> (<i>The</i>), one of the characters in the old morris-dance. +He wore a red cap faced with yellow, a yellow "slabbering-bib," a blue +doublet, red hose, and black shoes. He represents an overgrown baby, but +was a tumbler, and mimicked the barking of a dog. The word Bavian is +derived from <i>bavon</i>, a "bib for a slabbering child" (see Cotgrave, +<i>French Dictionary</i>). In modern French <i>bave</i> means "drivel," +"slabbering," and the verb <i>baver</i> "to slabber," but the bib is now +called <i>bavette</i>. (See MORRIS-DANCE.)</p> + +<p><b>Bavie'ca,</b> the Cid's horse. He survived his master two years and a +half, and was buried at Valencia. No one was ever allowed to mount him +after the death of the Cid.</p> + +<p><b>Bavius</b>, any vile poet. (See MÆVIUS.)</p> + +<p><b>Bawtry.</b> <i>Like the saddler of Baivtry, who was hanged for leaving +his liquor</i>. (<i>Yorkshire Proverb</i>.) It was customary for criminals on +their way to execution to stop at a certain tavern in York for a +"parting draught." The saddler of Bawtry refused to accept the liquor, +and was hanged, whereas if he had stopped a few minutes at the tavern +his reprieve, which was on the road, would have arrived in time to save +him.</p> + +<p><b>Ba'yard</b>, <i>Le chevalier sans peur et sans reproche</i>; born in France +in 1475. He served under Charles VIII. and Louis XII.; bore a gallant +part in the "Battle of the Spurs," and died in 1524 of wounds received +while in action.</p> + +<p><i>The British Bayard</i>, sir Philip Sidney (1554-1584).</p> + +<p><i>The Polish Bayard</i>, prince Joseph Poniatowski (1763-1814).</p> + +<p><i>The Bayard of India</i>, sir James Outram (1803-1863). So called by sir +Charles Napier.</p> + +<p><i>Ba'yard</i>, a horse of incredible speed, belonging to the four sons of +Aymon. If only one mounted, the horse was of the ordinary size, but +increased in proportion as two or more mounted. (The word means "bright +bay color.")—Villeneuve, <i>Les Quatre fils Aymon</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Bayard</i>, the steed of Fitz-James.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Lady of the Lake</i>, v. +18 (1810).</p> + +<p><b>Bayar'do</b>, the famous steed of Rinaldo, +which once belonged to Amadis of Gaul. +It was found in a grotto by the wizard +Malagigi, along with the sword Fusberta, +both of which he gave to his cousin Rinaldo.</p> + +His color bay, and hence his name he drew—<br> +Bayardo called. A star of silver hue<br> +Emblazed his front.<br> + +<p>Tasso, <i>Rinaldo</i>, ii. 220 (1562).</p> + +<p><b>Bayes</b> (1 <i>syl.</i>), the chief character of <i>The Rehearsal</i>, a farce +by George Villiers, duke of Buckingham (1671). Bayes is represented as +greedy of applause, impatient of censure, meanly obsequious, regardless +of plot, and only anxious for claptrap. The character is meant for John +Dryden.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> C. Dibdin, in his <i>History of the Stage</i>, states that Mrs. +Mountford played "Bayes" "with more variety than had ever been thrown +into the part before."</p> + +No species of novel-writing exposes itself to a<br> +severer trial, since it not only resigns all Bayes'<br> +pretensions "to elevate the imagination," ... but<br> +places its productions within the range<br> +of [general] criticism.—<i>Encyc. Brit.</i> Art. "Romance."<br> + +<p><b>Baynard</b> (<i>Mr.</i>), introduced in an episode in the novel called +<i>Humphrey Clinker</i>, by Smollett (1771).</p> + +<p><b>Bea'con</b> (<i>Tom</i>), groom to Master Chiffinch (private emissary of +Charles II.).—Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Bea'gle</b> (<i>Sir Harry</i>), a horsy country gentleman, who can talk of +nothing but horses and dogs. He is wofully rustic and commonplace. Sir +Harry makes a bargain with lord Trinket to give up Harriet to him in +exchange for his horse. (See GOLDFINCH.)—George Colman, <i>The Jealous +Wife</i> (1761).</p> + +<p><b>Beak.</b> Sir John Fielding was called "The Blind Beak" (died 1780). +<b>Bean Lean</b> (<i>Donald</i>), <i>alias</i> Will Ruthven, a Highland +robber-chief. He also appears disguised as a peddler on the roadside +leading to Stirling. Waverley is rowed to the robber's cave and remains +there all night.</p> + +<p><i>Alice Bean</i>, daughter of Donald Bean Lean, who attends on Waverley +during a fever.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Bear</b> (<i>The Brave</i>). Warwick is so called from his cognizance, which +was <i>a bear and ragged staff</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bearcliff</b> (<i>Deacon</i>), at the Gordon Arms or Kippletringam inn, +where colonel Mannering stops on his return to England, and hears of +Bertram's illness and distress.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, +George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Bearded</b> (<i>The</i>). (1) Geoffrey the crusader. (2) Bouchard of the +house of Montmorency. (3) Constantine IV. (648-685). (4) Master George +Killingworthe of the court of Ivan <i>the Terrible</i> of Russia, whose beard +(says Hakluyt) was five feet two inches long, yellow, thick, and broad. +Sir Hugh Willoughby was allowed to take it in his hand.</p> + +<p><i>The Bearded Master</i>. Soc'ratês was so called by Persius (B.C. 468-399).</p> + +<p><i>Handsome Beard</i>, Baldwin IV. earl of Flanders (1160-1186).</p> + +<p><i>John the Bearded</i>, John Mayo, the German painter, whose beard touched +the ground when he stood upright.</p> + +<p><b>Bearnais</b> (<i>Le</i>), Henri IV. of France, so called from his native +province, Le Béarr. (1553-1610).</p> + +<p><b>Beaton</b>, the artist of <i>Every Other Week</i>, the story of which +periodical is told in W. D. Howells's <i>A Hazard of New Fortunes</i> (1889).</p> + +<p>His name was Beaton—Angus Beaton. His father was a Scotchman, but +Beaton was born in Syracuse, New York, and it had taken only three years +to obliterate many traces of native and ancestral manner in him. He wore +his thick beard cut shorter than his moustache, and a little pointed; he +stood with his shoulders well thrown back, and with a lateral curve of +his person when he talked about art which would alone have carried +conviction, even if he had not had a thick, dark bang coming almost to +the brows of his mobile gray eyes, and had not spoken English with +quick, staccato impulses, so as to give it the effect of epigrammatic +and sententious French.</p> + +<p><b>Be'atrice</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a child eight years old, to whom Dantê at the +age of nine was ardently attached. She was the daughter of Folco +Portina'ri, a rich citizen of Florence. Beatrice married Simoni de +Bardi, and died before she was twenty-four years old (1266-1290). Dantê +married Gemma Donati, and his marriage was a most unhappy one. His love +for Beatrice remained after her decease. She was the fountain of his +poetic inspiration, and in his <i>Divina Commedia</i> he makes her his guide +through paradise.</p> + +<p>Dantê's Beatrice and Milton's Eve Were not drawn from their spouses you +conceive. Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, iii. 10 (1820).</p> + +<p>(Milton, who married Mary Powell, of Oxfordshire, was as unfortunate in +his choice as Dantê.)</p> + +<p><i>Beatrice</i>, wife of Ludov'ico Sforza.</p> + +<p><i>Beatrice</i>, daughter of Ferdinando king of Naples, sister of Leonora +duchess of Ferrara, and wife of Mathias Corvi'nus of Hungary.</p> + +<p><i>Beatrice</i>, niece of Leonato governor of Messina, lively and +light-hearted, affectionate and impulsive. Though wilful she is not +wayward, though volatile she is not unfeeling, though teeming with wit +and gaiety she is affectionate and energetic. At first she dislikes +Benedick, and thinks him a flippant conceited coxcomb; but overhearing a +conversation between her cousin Hero and her gentlewoman, in which Hero +bewails that Beatrice should trifle with such deep love as that of +Benedick, and should scorn so true and good a gentleman, she cries, +"Sits the wind thus? then, farewell, contempt. Benedick, love on; I will +requite you." This conversation of Hero's was a mere ruse, but Benedick +had been caught by a similar trick played by Claudio, don Pedro, and +Leonato. The result was they sincerely loved each other, and were +married.—Shakespeare, <i>Much Ado about Nothing</i> (1600).</p> + +<p><b>Beatrice Cenci,</b> the <i>Beautiful Parricide (q.v.).</i></p> + +<p><b>Beatrice D'Este,</b> canonized at Rome.</p> + +<p><b>Beatrice Giorgini</b>, an Italian contessa whose parents contract a +secret marriage, an unequal match as to birth and fortune, and, dying +young, one by violence, leave their child in charge of Betta, a faithful +nurse, who takes her to her mother's mother, an old peasant. At her +grandmother's death she becomes companion to a relative of her father; +marries don Leonardo, her father's cousin and one of the witnesses to +the secret marriage, and uses him to prove her legitimacy and his own +treachery.—Mary Agnes Tincker, <i>Two Coronets</i> (1889).</p> + +<p><b>Beau Brummel,</b> George Bryan Brummel, son of a London pastry-cook, +who became the fashion at the court of George III. and reigning favorite +of the Prince of Wales. His story has been made the foundation of a +brilliant American play by Clyde Fitch, in which Richard Mansfield takes +the part of Brummel (1890).</p> + +<p><b>Beau Clark,</b> a billiard-maker at the beginning of the nineteenth +century. He was called "The Bean," assumed the name of <i>Beauelerc</i>, and +paid his addresses to a <i>protégée</i> of lord Fife.</p> + +<p><b>Beau Fielding,</b> called "Handsome Fielding" by Charles II., by a play +on his name, which was Hendrome Fielding. He died in Scotland Yard.</p> + +<p><b>Beau Hewitt</b> was the original of sir George Etherege's "Sir Fopling +Flutter," in the comedy called <i>The Man of Mode or Sir Fopling Flutter</i> +(1676).</p> + +<p><b>Beau Nash,</b> Richard Nash, called also "King of Bath;" a Welsh +gentleman, who for fifteen years managed the bath-rooms of Bath, and +conducted the balls with unparalleled splendor and decorum. In his old +age he sank into poverty (1674-1761).</p> + +<p><b>Beau d'Orsay</b> <i>(Le)</i>, father of count d'Orsay, whom Byron calls +"<i>Jeune Cupidon.</i>"</p> + +<p><b>Beau Seant</b>, the Templars' banner, half white and half black; the +white signified that the Templars were good to Christians, the black, +that they were evil to infidels.</p> + +<p><b>Beau Tibbs,</b> in Goldsmith's <i>Citizen of the World</i>, a dandy noted +for his finery, vanity, and poverty.</p> + +<p><b>Beauclerk</b>, Henry I. king of England (1068, 1100-1135).</p> + +<p><b>Beaufort</b>, the lover of Maria Wilding, whom he ultimately +marries.—A. Murphy, <i>The Citizen</i> (a farce).</p> + +<p><b>Beaujeu</b> (<i>Mons. le chevalier de</i>), keeper of a gambling-house to +which Dalgarno takes Nigel.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Fortunes of Nigel</i> (time, +James I.).</p> + +<p><i>Beaujeu</i> (<i>Mons. le comte de</i>), a French officer in the army of the +Chevalier Charles Edward, the Pretender.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Waverley</i> +(time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Beaumains</b> ("<i>big hands</i>"), a nickname which sir Key (Arthur's +steward) gave to Gareth when he was kitchen drudge in the palace. "He +had the largest hands that ever man saw." Gareth was the son of king Lot +and Margawse (king Arthur's sister). His brothers were sir Gaw'ain, sir +Agravain, and sir Gaheris. Mordred was his half-brother.—Sir T. Malory, +<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 120 (1470).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">His achievements are given under the name "Gareth" (q.v.).</p> + +<p>Tennyson, in his <i>Gareth and Lynette</i>, makes sir Key tauntingly address +Lancelot thus, referring to Gareth:</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Fair and fine, forsooth!</span><br> +Sir Fine-face, sir Fair-hands? But see thou to it<br> +That thine own fineness, Lancelot, some fine day,<br> +Undo thee not.<br> + +<p>Be it remembered that Key himself called Gareth "Beaumain" from the +extraordinary size of the lad's hands; but the taunt put into the mouth +of Key by the poet indicates that the lad prided himself on his "fine" +face and "fair" hands, which is not the case. If "fair hands" is a +translation of this nickname, it should be "fine hands," which bears the +equivocal sense of <i>big</i> and <i>beautiful</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Beau'manoir</b> (<i>Sir Lucas</i>), Grand-Master of the Knights +Templars.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Beaupre</b> [<i>Bo-pray</i>'], son of judge Vertaigne (2 <i>syl</i>.) and brother +of Lami'ra.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Little French Lawyer</i> (1647).</p> + +<p><b>Beauté</b> (2 <i>syl</i>). <i>La dame de Beauté</i>. Agnes Sorel, so called from +the château de Beauté, on the banks of the Marne, given to her by +Charles VII. (1409-1450).</p> + +<p><b>Beautiful Corisande</b> (3 <i>syl</i>). Diane comtesse de Guiche et de +Grammont. She was the daughter of Paul d'Andouins, and married Philibert +de Grammont, who died in 1580. The widow outlived her husband for +twenty-six years. Henri IV., before he was king of Navarre, was +desperately smitten by La belle Corisande, and when Henri was at war +with the League, she sold her diamonds to raise for him a levy of 20,000 +Gascons (1554-1620).</p> + +<p>(The letters of Henri to Corisande are still preserved in the +<i>Bibliothéque de l'Arsenal</i>, and were published in 1769.)</p> + +<p><b>Beautiful Parricide</b> (<i>The</i>), Beatrice Cenci, daughter of a Roman +nobleman, who plotted the death of her father because he violently +defiled her. She was executed in 1605. Shelley has a tragedy on the +subject, entitled <i>The Cenci</i>. Guido Reni's portrait of Beatrice is well +known through its numberless reproductions.</p> + +<p><b>Beauty</b> (<i>Queen of</i>). So the daughter of Schems'edeen' Mohammed, +vizier of Egypt, was called. She married her cousin, Bed'redeen' Hassan, +son of Nour'edeen' Ali, vizier of Basora.—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("Nouredeen +Ali," etc.).</p> + +<p><b>Beauty and the Beast</b> (<i>La Belle et la Bête</i>'), from <i>Les Contes +Marines</i> of Mde. Villeneuvre (1740), the most beautiful of all nursery +tales. A young and lovely woman saved her father by putting herself in +the power of a frightful but kind-hearted monster, whose respectful +affection and melancholy overcame her aversion to his ugliness, and she +consented to become his bride. Being thus freed from enchantment, the +monster assumed his proper form and became a young and handsome prince.</p> + +<p><b>Beauty of Buttermere</b> (3 syl.), Mary Robinson, who married John +Hatfield, a heartless impostor executed for forgery at Carlisle in 1803.</p> + +<p><b>Beaux' Stratagem</b> (<i>The</i>), by George Farquhar. Thomas viscount +Aimwell and his friend Archer (the two beaux), having run through all +their money, set out fortune-hunting, and come to Lichfield as "master +and man." Aimwell pretends to be very unwell, and as lady Bountiful's +hobby is tending the sick and playing the leech, she orders him to be +removed to her mansion. Here he and Dorinda (daughter of lady Bountiful) +fall in love with each other, and finally marry. Archer falls in love +with Mrs. Sullen, the wife of squire Sullen, who had been married +fourteen months but agreed to a divorce on the score of incompatibility +of tastes and temper. This marriage forms no part of the play; all we +are told is that she returns to the roof of her brother, sir Charles +Freeman (1707).</p> + +<p><b>Bede</b> (<i>Adam</i> and <i>Seth</i>), brothers, carpenters. Seth loves the fair +gospeller Dinah Morris, but she marries Adam.—George Eliot, <i>Adam +Bede</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Bede (Cuthbert</i>), the Rev. Edward Bradley, author of <i>The Adventures of +Mr. Verdant Green, an Oxford Freshman</i> (1857).</p> + +<p><b>Bed'er</b> ("<i>the full moon</i>"), son of Gulna'rê (3 syl.), the young +king of Persia. As his mother was an under-sea princess, he was enabled +to live under water as well as on land. Beder was a young man of +handsome person, quick parts, agreeable manners, and amiable +disposition. He fell in love with Giauha'rê, daughter of the king of +Samandal, the most powerful of the under-sea empires, but Giauharê +changed him into a white bird with red beak and red legs. After various +adventures, Beder resumed his human form and married Giauharê.—<i>Arabian +Nights</i> ("Beder and Giauharê").</p> + +<p><b>Bed'ivere</b> (<i>Sir</i>) or <b>Bed'iver</b>, king Arthur's butler and a +knight of the Round Table. He was the last of Arthur's knights, and was +sent by the dying king to throw his sword Excalibur into the mere. Being +cast in, it was caught by an arm "clothed in white samite," and drawn +into the stream.—Tennyson, <i>Morte d'Arthur</i>.</p> + +<p>Tennyson's <i>Morte d'Arthur</i> is a very close and in many parts a verbal +rendering of the same tale in sir Thomas Malory's <i>Morte d'Arthur</i>, iii. +168 (1470).</p> + +<p><b>Bedloe</b> (<i>Augustus</i>), an eccentric Virginian, an opium-eater, and +easily hypnotized, in Edgar Allan Poe's <i>Tale of the Ragged Mountains</i> +(1846).</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Bedott</b> (<i>Widow</i>). (See HEZEKIAH BEDOTT.)</p> + +<p><b>Bed'ouins</b> [<i>Bed'.winz</i>], nomadic tribes of Arabia. In common +parlance, "the homeless street poor." Thus gutter-children are called +"Bedouins."</p> + +<p><b>Bed'redeen' Has'san</b> of Baso'ra, son of Nour'edeen' Ali grand vizier +of Basora, and nephew to Schems'edeen' Mohammed vizier of Egypt. His +beauty was transcendent and his talents of the first order. When twenty +years old his father died, and the sultan, angry with him for keeping +from court, confiscated all his goods, and would have seized Bedredeen +if he had not made his escape. During sleep he was conveyed by fairies +to Cairo, and substituted for an ugly groom (Hunchback) to whom his +cousin, the Queen of Beauty, was to have been married. Next day he was +carried off by the same means to Damascus, where he lived for ten years +as a pastry-cook. Search was made for him, and the search party, halting +outside the city of Damascus, sent for some cheese-cakes. When the +cheese-cakes arrived, the widow of Nouredeen declared that they must +have been made by her son, for no one else knew the secret of making +them, and that she herself had taught it to him. On hearing this, the +vizier ordered Bedredeen to be seized, "for making cheese-cakes without +pepper," and the joke was carried on till the party arrived at Cairo, +when the pastry-cook prince was reunited to his wife, the Queen of +Beauty.—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("Nouredeen Ali," etc.).</p> + +<p><b>Bedwin</b> (<i>Mrs.</i>), housekeeper to Mr. Brownlow. A kind, motherly +soul, who loves Oliver Twist most dearly.—C. Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i> +(1837).</p> + +<p><b>Bee of Attica</b>, Soph'oclês the dramatist (B.C. 495-405). The +"Athenian Bee" was Plato the philosopher (B.C. 428-347).</p> + +The Bee of Attica rivalled Æschylus when in<br> +the possession of the stage.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The<br> +Drama.</i><br> + +<p><b>Beef'ington</b> (<i>Milor</i>), introduced in <i>The Rovers.</i> Casimir is a +Polish emigrant, and Beefington an English nobleman exiled by the +tyranny of king John.—<i>Anti-Jacobin.</i></p> + +"Will without power," said the sagacious Casimir,<br> +to Milor Beefington, "is like children playing<br> +at soldiers."—Macaulay.<br> + +<p><b>Be'elzelbub</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), called "prince of the devils" (<i>Matt.</i> xii. +24), worshipped at Ekron, a city of the Philistines (2 <i>Kings</i> i. 2), +and made by Milton second to Satan.</p> + +One next himself in power and next in crime—Beëlzebub.<br> +<br> +<i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 80 (1665).<br> + +<p><b>Bee'nie</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), chambermaid at Old St. +Ronan's inn, held by Meg Dods.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>St. Ronan's Well</i> (time, George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Bees</b> (<i>Telling the</i>), a superstition still prevalent in some rural +districts that the bees must be told at once if a death occur in the +family, or every swarm will take flight. In Whittier's poem, <i>Telling +the Bees</i>, the lover coming to visit his mistress sees the small servant +draping the hives with black, and hears her chant:</p> + +"Stay at home, pretty bees, fly not hence,<br> +Mistress Mary is dead and gone."<br> + +<p><b>Befa'na,</b> the good fairy of Italian children. She is supposed to +fill their shoes and socks with toys when they go to bed on Twelfth +Night. Some one enters the bedroom for the purpose, and the wakeful +youngters cry out, "<i>Ecco la Befana!</i>" According to legend, Befana was +too busy with house affairs to take heed of the Magi when they went to +offer their gifts, and said she would stop for their return; but they +returned by another way, and Befana every Twelfth Night watches to see +them. The name is a corruption of <i>Epiphania</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Beg</b> (<i>Callum</i>), page to Fergus M'Ivor, in <i>Waverley</i>, a novel by +sir W. Scott (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><i>Beg (Toshach)</i>, MacGillie Chattanach's second at the combat.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Beggar of Bethnal Green</b> (<i>The</i>), a drama by S. Knowles (recast and +produced, 1834). Bess, daughter of Albert, "the blind beggar of Bethnal +Green," was intensely loved by Wilford, who first saw her in the streets +of London, and subsequently, after diligent search, discovered her in +the Queen's Arms inn at Romford. It turned out that her father Albert +was brother to lord Woodville, and Wilford was his truant son, so that +Bess was his cousin Queen Elizabeth sanctioned their nuptials, and took +them under her own conduct. (See BLIND.)</p> + +<p><b>Beggars</b> (<i>King of the</i>), Bampfylde Moore Carew. He succeeded Clause +Patch (1693, 1730-1770).</p> + +<p><b>Beggar's Daughter</b> (<i>The</i>), "Bessee the beggar's daughter of Bethnal +Green," was very beautiful, and was courted by four suitors at once—a +knight, a country squire, a rich merchant, and the son of an inn-keeper +at Romford. She told them all they must first obtain the consent of her +poor blind father, the beggar of Bethnal Green, and all slunk off except +the knight, who went and asked leave to marry "the pretty Bessee." The +beggar gave her for a "dot," £3000, and £100 for her trousseau, and +informed the knight that he (the beggar) was Henry, son and heir of sir +Simon de Montfort, and that he had disguised himself as a beggar to +escape the vigilance of spies, who were in quest of all those engaged on +the baron's side in the battle of Evesham.—Percy's <i>Reliques</i>, II. ii +10.</p> + +<p>The value of money was about twelve times more than its present purchase +value, so that the "dot" given was equal to £36,000.</p> + +<p><b>Beggar's Opera</b> (<i>The</i>), by Gay (1727). The beggar is captain +Macheath. (For plot, see MACHEATH.)</p> + +<p><b>Beggar's Petition</b> (<i>The</i>), a poem by the Rev. Thomas Moss, minister +of Brierly Hill and Trentham, in Staffordshire. It was given to Mr. +Smart, the printer, of Wolverhampton.—<i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, lxx. 41. +<b>Beguines</b> [<i>Beg-wins</i>], the earliest of all lay societies of women +united for religious purposes. Brabant says the order received its name +from St. Begga, daughter of Pepin, who founded it at Namur', in 696; but +it is more likely to be derived from <i>le Bègue</i> ("the Stammerer"); and +if so, it was founded at Liège, in 1180.</p> + +<p><b>Beh'ram,</b> captain of the ship which was to convey prince Assad to +the "mountain of fire," where he was to be offered up in sacrifice. The +ship being driven on the shores of queen Margia'na's kingdom, Assad +became her slave, but was recaptured by Behram's crew, and carried back +to the ship. The queen next day gave the ship chase. Assad was thrown +overboard, and swam to the city whence he started. Behram also was +drifted to the same place. Here the captain fell in with the prince, and +reconducted him to the original dungeon. Bosta'na, a daughter of the old +fire-worshipper, taking pity on the prince, released him; and, at the +end, Assad married queen Margiana, Bostana married prince Amgiad +(half-brother of Assad), and Behram, renouncing his religion, became a +mussulman, and entered the service of Amgiad, who became king of the +city.—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("Amgiad and Assad").</p> + +<p><b>Bela'rius,</b> a nobleman and soldier in the army of Cym'beline (3 +<i>syl.</i>) king of Britain. Two villains having sworn to the king that he +was "confederate with the Romans," he was banished, and for twenty years +lived in a cave; but he stole away the two infant sons of the king out +of revenge. Their names were Guide'rius and Arvir'agus. When these two +princes were grown to manhood, a battle was fought between the Romans +and Britons, in which Cymbeline was made prisoner, but Belarius coming +to the rescue, the king was liberated and the Roman general in turn was +made captive. Belarius was now reconciled to Cymbeline, and presenting +to him the two young men, told their story; whereupon they were publicly +acknowledged to be the sons of Cymbeline and princes of the +realm.—Shakespeare, <i>Cymbeline</i> (1605).</p> + +<p><b>Bel Bree,</b> wide-awake country girl in <i>The Other Girls</i>, by A.D.T. +Whitney. Dissatisfied with rustic life, she accompanies aunt Blin, a +dressmaker, to Boston, works hard, is exposed to the temptations that +beset a pretty girl in a city, but resists them. She is thrown out of +work by the Boston fire, and "enters service" with satisfactory +consequences to all concerned.</p> + +<p><b>Belch</b> (<i>Sir Toby</i>), uncle of Olivia the rich countess of Illyria. +He is a reckless roysterer of the old school, and a friend of sir Andrew +Ague-cheek.—Shakespeare, <i>Twelfth Night</i> (1614).</p> + +<p><b>Belcour,</b> a foundling adopted by Mr. Belcour, a rich Jamaica +merchant, who at death left him all his property. He was in truth the +son of Mr. Stockwell, the clerk of Belcour, senior, who clandestinely +married his master's daughter, and afterwards became a wealthy merchant. +On the death of old Belcour, the young man came to England as the guest +of his unknown father, fell in love with Miss Dudley, and married her. +He was hot-blooded, impulsive, high-spirited, and generous, his very +faults serving as a foil to his noble qualities; ever erring and +repenting, offending and atoning for his offences.—Cumberland, <i>The +West Indian</i> (1771).</p> + +<p><b>Be'led,</b> one of the six Wise Men of the East, led by the guiding +star to Jesus. He was a king, who gave to his enemy who sought to +dethrone him half of his kingdom, and thus turned a foe into a fast +friend.—Klopstock, <i>The Messiah</i>, v. (1747).</p> + +<p><b>Belerma</b>, the lady whom Durandarte served for seven years as a +knight-errant and peer of France. When, at length, he died at +Roncesvalles, he prayed his cousin Montesi'nos to carry his heart to +Belerma.</p> + +<p>I saw a procession of beautiful damsels in mourning, with white turbans +on their heads. In the rear came a lady with a veil so long that it +reached the ground: her turban was twice as large as the largest of the +others; her eyebrows were joined, her nose was rather flat, her mouth +wide, but her lips of a vermilion color. Her teeth were thin-set and +irregular, though very white; and she carried in her hand a fine linen +cloth, containing a heart. Montesinos informed me that this lady was +Belerma.—Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, II. ii. 6 (1615).</p> + +<p><b>Bele'ses</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a Chaldaean soothsayer and Assyrian satrap, +who told Arba'ces (3 <i>syl</i>.) governor of Me'dia, that he would one day +sit on the throne of Nineveh and Assyria. His prophecy came true, and +Beleses was rewarded with the government of Babylon.—Byron, +<i>Sardanapalus</i> (1819).</p> + +<p><b>Bel'field</b> <i>(Brothers).</i> The elder brother is a squire in Cornwall, +betrothed to Sophia (daughter of sir Benjamin Dove), who loves his +younger brother Bob. The younger brother is driven to sea by the cruelty +of the squire, but on his return renews his acquaintance with Sophia. He +is informed of her unwilling betrothal to the elder brother, who is +already married to Violetta, but parted from her. Violetta returns home +in the same ship as Bob Belfield, becomes reconciled to her husband, and +the younger brother marries Sophia.—Rich. Cumberland, <i>The Brothers</i> +(1769).</p> + +<p><b>Bel'ford,</b> a friend of Lovelace (2 <i>syl</i>.). They made a covenant to +pardon every sort of liberty which they took with each +other.—Richardson, <i>Clarissa Harlowe</i> (1749).</p> + +<p><i>Belford (Major)</i>, the friend of colonel Tamper, and the plighted +hnsband of Mdlle. Florival.—G. Colman, sen., <i>The Deuce is in Him</i> +(1762).</p> + +<p><b>Belge</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), the mother of seventeen sons. She applied to +queen Mercilla for aid against Geryon'eo, who had deprived her of all +her offspring except five.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, v. 10 (1596).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> "Beige" is Holland, the "seventeen sons" are the +seventeen provinces which once belonged to her; "Geryoneo" is Philip II. +of Spain; and "Mercilla" is queen Elizabeth.</p> + +<p><b>Belial</b>, sons of, in the Bible <i>passim</i> means the lewd and +profligate. Milton has created the personality of Belial:</p> + +Belial came last; than whom a spirit more lewd<br> +Fell not from Heaven, or more gross to love<br> +Vice for itself. To him no temple stood<br> +Or altar smoked; yet who more oft than he<br> +In temples, and at altars, when the priest<br> +Tarns atheist, as did Eli's sons, who filled<br> +With lust and violence the house of God?<br> +In courts and palaces he also reigns,<br> +And in luxurious cities, where the noise<br> +Of riot ascends above their loftiest towers<br> +And injury and outrage; and when night<br> +Darkens the streets, then wander forth the sons<br> +Of Belial, flown with insolence and wine.<br> + +<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 490</p> + +On the other side up rose<br> +Belial, in act more graceful and humane;<br> +A fairer person lost not Heaven; he seemed<br> +For dignity composed, and high exploit.<br> +But all was false and hollow; though his tongue.<br> +Dropt manna, and could make the worse appear<br> +The better reason, to perplex and dash<br> +Maturest counsels; for his thoughts were low<br> +To vice industrious, but to nobler deeds<br> +Timorous and slothful.<br> + +<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, ii. 108.</p> + +<p><b>Belia'nis of Greece</b> <i>(Don)</i>, the hero of an old romance of chivalry +on the model of <i>Am'adis de Gaul</i>. It was one of the books in don +Quixote's library, but was not one of those burnt by the cure as +pernicious and worthless.</p> + +<p>"Don Belianis," said the curé, "with its two, three, and four parts, +hath need of a dose of rhubarb to purge off that mass of bile with which +he is inflamed. His Castle of Fame and other impertinences should be +totally obliterated. This done, we would show him lenity in proportion +as we found him capable of reform. Take don Belianis home with you, and +keep him in close confinement."—Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I. i. 6 +(1605).</p> + +<p><b>Belinda</b>, niece and companion of lady John Brute. Young, pretty, +full of fun, and possessed of £10,000. Heartfree marries her.—Vanbrugh, +<i>The Provoked Wife</i> (1697).</p> + +<p><i>Belin'da</i>, the heroine of Pope's <i>Rape of the Lock</i>. This mock heroic +is founded on the following incident:—Lord Petre cut a lock of hair +from the head of Miss Arabella Fermor, and the young lady resented the +liberty as an unpardonable affront. The poet says Belinda wore on her +neck two curls, one of which the baron cut off with a pair of scissors +borrowed of Clarissa, and when Belinda angrily demanded that it should +be delivered up, it had flown to the skies and become a meteor there. +(See BERENICE.)</p> + +<p><i>Belinda</i>, daughter of Mr. Blandford, in love with Beverley the brother +of Clarissa. Her father promised sir William Bellmont that she should +marry his son George, but George was already engaged to Clarissa. +Belinda was very handsome, very independent, most irreproachable, and +devotedly attached to Beverley. When he hinted suspicions of infidelity, +she was too proud to deny their truth, but her pure and ardent love +instantly rebuked her for giving her lover causeless pain.—A. Murphy, +<i>All in the Wrong</i> (1761).</p> + +<p><i>Belin'da</i>, the heroine of Miss Edgeworth's novel of the same name. The +object of the tale is to make the reader <i>feel</i> what is good, and pursue +it (1803).</p> + +<p><i>Belin'da</i>, a lodging-house servant-girl, very poor, very dirty, very +kind-hearted, and shrewd in observation. She married, and Mr. Middlewick +the butter-man set her husband up in business in the butter line.—H. +J. Byron, <i>Our Boys</i> (1875).</p> + +<p><b>Beline</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), second wife of Argan the <i>malade imaginaire</i>, +and step-mother of Angelique, whom she hates. Beline pretends to love +Argan devotedly, humors him in all his whims, calls him "mon fils," and +makes him believe that if he were to die it would be the death of her. +Toinette induces Argan to put these specious protestations to the test +by pretending to be dead. He does so, and when Beline enters the room, +instead of deploring her loss, she cries in ecstasy:</p> + +<p>"Le ciel en soit loué! Me voilà délivrée d'un pesant fardeau!... de quoi +servait-il sur la terre? Un homme incommode à tout le monde, malpropre, +dégoûtant ... mouchant, toussant, crachant toujours, sans esprit, +ennuyeux, de manvaise humeur, fatiguant sans cesse les gens, et grondant +jour et nuit servantes et valets."—(iii. 18).</p> + +<p>She then proceeds to ransack the room for bonds, leases, and money; but +Argan starts up and tells her she has taught him one useful lesson for +life at any rate.—Molière, <i>Le Malade Imaginaire</i> (1673).</p> + +<p><b>Belisa'rius,</b> the greatest of Justinian's generals. Being accused of +treason, he was deprived of all his property, and his eyes were put +out. In this state he retired to Constantinople, where he lived by +begging. The story says he fastened a label to his hat, containing these +words, "<i>Give an obolus to poor old Belisarius</i>." Marmontel has written +a tale called <i>Belisaire</i>, which has helped to perpetuate these fables, +originally invented by Tzetzês or Caesios, a Greek poet, born at +Constantinople in 1120.</p> + +<p><b>Bélise</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), sister of Philaminte (3 <i>syl</i>.), and, like her, +a <i>femme savante</i>. She imagines that every one is in love with +her.—Molière, <i>Les Femmes Savantes</i> (1672).</p> + +<p><b>Bell</b> (<i>Adam</i>), a wild, north-country outlaw, noted, like Robin +Hood, for his skill in archery. His place of residence was Englewood +Forest, near Carlisle; and his two comrades were Clym of the Clough +[<i>Clement of the Cliff</i>] and William of Cloudesly (3 <i>syl</i>.). William +was married, but the other two were not. When William was captured at +Carlisle, and was led to execution, Adam and Clym rescued him, and all +three went to London to crave pardon of the king, which, at the queen's +intercession, was granted them. They then showed the king specimens of +their skill in archery, and the king was so well pleased that he made +William a "gentleman of fe," and the two others yeomen of the +bedchamber.—Percy, <i>Reliques</i> ("Adam Bell," etc.), I. ii. I.</p> + +<p><i>Bell</i>. Anne, Charlotte, and Emily Bronté assumed the <i>noms de plume</i> of +Acton, Currer, and Ellis Bell (first half of the nineteenth century). +Currer Bell or Bronté married the Rev. Arthur Bell Nicholls. She was the +author of <i>Jane Eyre</i>.</p> + +<p>It will be observed that the initial letter of both names is in every +case preserved throughout—<i>Acton</i> (Anne), <i>Currer</i> (Charlotte), <i>Ellis</i> +(Emily), and <i>Bell</i> (Bronté).</p> + +<p><i>Bell</i> (<i>Bessy</i>). Bessy Bell and Mary Gray were the daughters of two +country gentlemen near Perth. When the plague broke out in 1666 they +built for themselves a bower in a very romantic spot called Burn Braes, +to which they retired, and were supplied with food, etc., by a young man +who was in love with both of them. The young man caught the plague, +communicated it to the two young ladies, and all three died.—Allan +Eamsay, <i>Bessy Bell and Mary Gray</i> (a ballad).</p> + +<p><i>Bell (Peter)</i>, the subject of a "tale in verse" by Wordsworth. Shelley +wrote a burlesque upon it, entitled <i>Peter Bell the Third.</i></p> + +<p><i>Bell (The Old Chapel</i>) J. G. Saxe's +poem under this title is founded upon +a legend of a boy, who, wandering in a +churchyard, hears a musical articulate +murmur from a disused bell hidden by +matted grass.</p> + +Its very name and date concealed<br> +Beneath a cankering crust. (1859.)<br> + +<p><b>Bell-the-Cat,</b> sobriquet of Archibald Douglas, great-earl of Angus, +who died in 1514.</p> + +<p>The mice, being much annoyed by the persecutions of a cat, resolved that +a bell should be hung about her neck to give notice of her approach. The +measure was agreed to in full council, but one of the sager mice +inquired, "Who would undertake to bell the cat?" When Lauder told this +fable to a council of Scotch nobles, met to declaim against one Cochran, +Archibald Douglas started up and exclaimed in thunder, "I will;" and +hence the sobriquet referred to.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Tales of a +Grandfather</i>, xxii.</p> + +<p><b>Bella</b>, sweet girl-cousin, the first love and life-long friend of +the hero of <i>Dream-Life</i>, by Ik Marvel. Re-visiting his native place +after years of foreign travel, he learns that Bella is dead, and goes to +her grave, where dry leaves are entangled in the long grass, "giving it +a ragged, terrible look" (1851).</p> + +<p><b>Bella Wilfer</b>, a lovely, wilful, lively spoilt darling. She married +John Rokesmith (i.e., John Harmon).—C. Dickens, <i>Our Mutual Friend</i> +(1864).</p> + +<p><b>Bellamy</b>, a steady young man, looking out for a wife "capable of +friendship, love, and tenderness, with good sense enough to be easy, and +good nature enough to like him." He found his beau-ideal in Jacintha, +who had besides a fortune of £30,000.—Dr. Hoadly, <i>The Suspicious +Husband</i> (1761).</p> + +<p><b>Bella'rio,</b> the assumed name of Euphrasia, when she put on boy's +apparel that she might enter the service of prince Philaster, whom she +greatly loved.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>Philaster, or Love Lies +A-Bleeding</i> (1622).</p> + +<p><b>Bellaston</b> (<i>Lady</i>), a profligate, from whom Tom Jones accepts +support. Her conduct and conversation may be considered a fair +photograph of the "beauties" of the court of George II.—Fielding, +<i>History of Tom Jones, a Foundling</i> (1750).</p> + +The character of Jones, otherwise a model of<br> +generosity, openness, and manly spirit, mingled<br> +with thoughtless dissipation, is unnecessarily degraded<br> +by the nature of his intercourse with lady<br> +Bellaston.—<i>Encyc. Brit.</i> Art. "Fielding."<br> + +<p><b>Belle Cordiere</b> (<i>La</i>), Louise Labé, who married Ennemond Perrin, a +wealthy rope-maker (1526-1566).</p> + +<p><b>Belle Corisande</b> (<i>La</i>), Diane comtesse de Gruiche et de Grammont +(1554-1620).</p> + +<p><b>Bellefontaine</b> <i>(Benedict)</i>, the wealthy farmer of Grande Pré [<i>Nova +Scotia</i>] and father of Evangeline. When the inhabitants of his village +were driven into exile, Benedict died of a broken heart as he was about +to embark, and was buried on the sea-shore.—Longfellow, <i>Evangeline</i> +(1849).</p> + +<p><b>Bel'lenden</b> (<i>Lady Margaret</i>), an old Tory lady, mistress of the +Tower of Tillietudlem.</p> + +<p><i>Old major Miles Bellenden</i>, brother of lady Margaret.</p> + +<p><i>Miss Edith Bellenden</i>, granddaughter of lady Margaret, betrothed to +lord Evendale, of the king's army, but in love with Morton (a leader of +the covenanters and the hero of the novel). After the death of lord +Evendale, who is shot by Balfour, Edith marries Morton, and this +terminates the tale.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Old Mortality</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Bellero'phon</b> was falsely accused by Antea, wife of Proetos, King of +Argos, and the enraged husband sent him to Lycia, to King Iobates, the +father of Antea, with sealed tablets, asking that the bearer might be +put to death. Iobates sent the youth on dangerous errands, but he came +off unharmed from all. Among other exploits he killed the Chimæra and +slew the Amazons. Later, he tried to mount to Olympus on the winged +horse Pegasus, but he fell and wandered about in melancholy madness on +the Aleian field until he died. This peculiar form of madness is called +<i>morbus Bellerophonteus</i>. Homer tells the story of Bellerophon in the +Iliad, Book VI. Milton alludes to him, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, VII. 15-20. +Hawthorne has told the story of the Chimæra in <i>A Wonder Book.</i></p> + +<p><b>Belle'rus</b> is the name of a personage invented by Milton as the +supposed guardian of Land's End in Cornwall, the Bellerium of the +Romans. In questioning as to where the body of the drowned Lycidas q.v. +has been carried by the waves, he asks:</p> + +Or whether thou to our moist vows denied<br> +Sleep'st by the fable of Bellerus old.<br> + +<p><i>Lycidas</i>, 159-60.</p> + +<p><b>Belle's Stratagem</b> (<i>The</i>). The "belle" is Letitia Hardy, and her +stratagem was for the sake of winning the love of Doricourt, to whom she +had been betrothed. The very fact of being betrothed to Letitia sets +Doricourt against her, so she goes unknown to him to a masquerade, where +Doricourt falls in love with "the beautiful stranger." In order to +accomplish the marriage of his daughter, Mr. Hardy pretends to be "sick +unto death," and beseeches Doricourt to wed Letitia before he dies. +Letitia meets her betrothed in her masquerade dress, and unbounded is +the joy of the young man to find that "the beautiful stranger" is the +lady to whom he has been betrothed.—Mrs. Cowley, <i>The Belle's +Stratagem</i> (1780).</p> + +<p><b>Belle the Giant.</b> It is said that the giant Belle mounted on his +sorrel horse at a place since called mount Sorrel. He leaped one mile, +and the spot on which he lighted was called Wanlip (one-leap); thence he +leaped a second mile, but in so doing "burst all" his girths, whence the +spot was called Burst-all; in the third leap he was killed, and the spot +received the name of Bellegrave.</p> + +<p><b>Belleur'</b>, companion of Pinac and Mirabel ("the wild goose"), of +stout blunt temper; in love with Rosalu'ra, a daughter of +Nantolet.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Wild Goose Chase</i> (1652).</p> + +<p><b>Bell Hamlyn</b>, young American girl, engaged to one man and in love +with another, in <i>Kismet</i>, by George Fleming (Julia C. Fletcher, 1877).</p> + +<p><b>Bellicent</b>, daughter of Gorloïs lord of Tintag'il and his wife +Ygernê or Igerna. As the widow married Uther the pen-dragon, and was +then the mother of king Arthur, it follows that Bellicent was half-sister +of Arthur. Tennyson in <i>Gareth and Lynette</i> says that Bellicent +was the wife of Lot king of Orkney, and mother of Gaw'ain and Mordred, +but this is not in accordance either with the chronicle or the history, +for Geoffrey in his <i>Chronicle</i> says that Lot's wife was Anne, the +sister (not half-sister) of Arthur (viii. 20, 21), and sir T. Malory, in +his <i>History of Prince Arthur</i> says:</p> + +King Lot of Lothan and Orkney wedded Margawse;<br> +Nentres, of the land of Carlot, wedded<br> +Elain; and that Morgan le Fay was [<i>Arthurs</i>]<br> +third sister.—Pt. i. 2, 35, 36.<br> + +<p><b>Bel'lin</b>, the ram, in the beast-epic of <i>Reynard the Fox</i>. The word +means "gentleness" (1498).</p> + +<p><b>Bellingham</b>, a man about town.—D. Boucicault, <i>After Dark</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bel'lisant</b>, sister of king Pepin of France, and wife of Alexander +emperor of Constantinople. Being accused of infidelity, the emperor +banished her, and she took refuge in a vast forest, where she became the +mother of Valentine and Orson.—<i>Valentine and Orson</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bellmont</b> (<i>Sir William</i>), father of George Bellmont; tyrannical, +positive, and headstrong. He imagines it is the duty of a son to submit +to his father's will, even in the matter of matrimony.</p> + +<p><i>George Bellmont</i>, son of sir William, in love with Clarissa, his friend +Beverley's sister; but his father demands of him to marry Belinda +Blandford, the troth-plight wife of Beverley. Ultimately all comes +right.—A. Murphy, <i>All in the Wrong</i> (1761).</p> + +<p><b>Bello'na's Handmaids</b>, Blood, Fire, and Famine.</p> + +<p>The goddesse of warre, called Bellona, had these thre handmaids ever +attendynge on her: BLOOD, +FIRE, and FAMINE, which thre damosels be of that force and strength that +every one of them alone is able and sufficient to torment and afflict a +proud prince; and they all joyned together are of puissance to destroy +the most populous country and most richest region of the world.—Hall, +<i>Chronicle</i> (1530).</p> + +<p><b>Bellum</b> (<i>Master</i>), war.</p> + +A difference [<i>is</i>] 'twixt broyles and bloudie warres,—<br> +Yet have I shot at Maister Bellum's butte,<br> +And thrown his ball, although I toucht no tutte [<i>benefit</i>].<br> + +<p>G. Gascoigne, <i>The Fruites of Warre</i>, 94 (died 1577).</p> + +<p><b>Belmont</b> (<i>Sir Robert</i>), a proud, testy, mercenary country +gentleman; friend of his neighbor, sir Charles Raymond.</p> + +<p><i>Charles Belmont</i>, son of sir Robert, a young rake. He rescued Fidelia, +at the age of twelve, from the hands of Villard, a villain who wanted to +abuse her, and taking her to his own home, fell in love with her, and in +due time married her. She turns out to be the daughter of sir Charles +Raymond.</p> + +<p><i>Rosetta Belmont</i>, daughter of sir Robert, high-spirited, witty, and +affectionate. She is in love with colonel Raymond, whom she delights in +tormenting.—Ed. Moore, <i>The Foundling</i> (1748).</p> + +<p><i>Belmont</i> (<i>Andrew</i>), the elder of two brothers, who married Violetta +(an English lady born in Lisbon), and deserted her. He then promised +marriage to Lucy Waters, the daughter of one of his tenants, but had no +intention of making her his wife. At the same time he engaged himself to +Sophia, the daughter of sir Benjamin Dove. The day of the wedding +arrived, and it was then discovered that he was married already, and +that Violetta his wife was actually present.</p> + +<p><i>Robert Belmont</i>, the younger of the two brothers, in love with Sophia +Dove. He went to sea in a privateer under captain Ironside, his uncle, +and changed his name to Lewson. The vessel was wrecked on the Cornwall +coast, and he renewed his acquaintance with Sophia, but heard that she +was engaged in marriage to his brother. As, however, it was proved that +his brother was already married, the young lady willingly abandoned the +elder for the younger brother.—K. Cumberland, <i>The Brothers</i> (1769).</p> + +<p><b>Belmour</b> (<i>Edward</i>), a gay young man about town.—Congreve, <i>The Old +Bachelor</i> (1693).</p> + +<p><i>Belmour (Mrs</i>.), a widow of "agreeable vivacity, entertaining manners, +quickness of transition from one thing to another, a feeling heart, and +a generosity of sentiment." She it is who shows Mrs. Lovemore the way to +keep her husband at home, and to make him treat her with that deference +which is her just due.—A. Murphy, <i>The Way to Keep Him</i> (1760).</p> + +<p><b>Beloved Disciple</b> (<i>The</i>), St. John "the divine," and writer of the +fourth Gospel.—<i>John</i> xiii. 23, etc.</p> + +<p><b>Beloved Physician</b> (<i>The</i>), St. Luke the evangelist.—<i>Col.</i> iv. 14.</p> + +<p><b>Bel'phegor,</b> a Moabitish deity, whose orgies were celebrated on +mount Phegor, and were noted for their obscenity.</p> + +<p><b>Belphoe'be</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>). "All the Graces rocked her cradle when she +was born." Her mother was Chrysog'onê (4 <i>syl.</i>), daughter of Amphisa of +fairy lineage, and her twin-sister was Amoretta. While the mother and +her babes were asleep, Diana took one (Belphoebê) to bring up, and Venus +took the other.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Belphoebe is the "Diana" among women, cold, passionless, correct, +and strong-minded. Amoret is the "Venus," but without the licentiousness +of that goddess, warm, loving, motherly, and wifely. Belphoebê was a +lily; Amoret a rose. Belphoebê a moonbeam, light without heat; Amoret a +sunbeam, bright and warm and life-giving. Belphoebê would go to the +battle-field, and make a most admirable nurse or lady-conductor of an +ambulance; but Amoret would prefer to look after her husband and family, +whose comfort would be her first care, and whose love she would seek and +largely reciprocate.—See Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iii. vi. (1590).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> "Belphoebê" is queen Elizabeth. As <i>queen</i> she is Gloriana, but as +<i>woman</i> she is Belphoebê, the beautiful and chaste.</p> + +Either Grloriana let her choose,<br> +Or in Belphoebe fashioned to be;<br> +<br> +In one her rule, in the other her rare chastitie.<br> +<br> +Spenser, <i>Faery Queen</i> (introduction to bk. iii.).<br> + +<p><b>Belted Will</b>, lord William Howard, warden of the western marches +(1563-1640).</p> + +His Bilboa blade, by Marchmen felt,<br> +Hung in a broad and studded belt;<br> +Hence in rude phrase the Borderers still<br> +Called noble Howard "Belted Will."<br> +<br> +Sir W. Scott.<br> + +<p><b>Belten'ebros</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>). Amadis of Graul assumes the name when he +retires to the Poor Rock, after receiving a cruel letter from Oria'na +his lady-love.—Vasco de Lobeira, <i>Amadis de Gaul</i>, ii. 6 (before 1400).</p> + +One of the most distinguishing testimonies<br> +which that hero gave of his fortitude, constancy,<br> +and love, was his retiring to the Poor Rock when<br> +in disgrace with his mistress Oriana, to do penance<br> +under the name of <i>Beltenebros</i> or the <i>Lovely<br> +Obscure.</i>—Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I. iii. 11 (1605).<br> + +<p><b>Belvide'ra,</b> daughter of Priu'li a senator of Venice. She was saved +from the sea by Jaffier, eloped with him, and married him. Her father +then discarded her, and her husband joined the conspiracy of Pierre to +murder the senators. He tells Belvidera of the plot, and Belvidera, in +order to save her father, persuades Jaffier to reveal the plot to +Priuli, if he will promise a general free pardon. Priuli gives the +required promise, but notwithstanding, all the conspirators, except +Jaffier, are condemned to death by torture. Jaffier stabs Pierre to save +him from the dishonor of the wheel, and then kills himself. Belvidera +goes mad and dies.—Otway, <i>Venice Preserved</i> (1682).</p> + +<p><b>Ben</b> [LEGEND], sir Sampson Legend's younger son, a sailor and a +"sea-wit," in whose composition there enters no part of the conventional +generosity and open frankness of a British tar. His slang phrase is +"D'ye see," and his pet oath "Mess!"—W. Congreve, <i>Love for Love</i> +(1695). I cannot agree with the following sketch:—</p> +<br> + +<p>What is <i>Ben</i>—the pleasant sailor which Bannister +gives us—but a piece of satire ... a +dreamy combination of all the accidents of a +sailor's character, his contempt of money, his +credulity to women, with that necessary estrangement +from home?... We never think the +worse of Ben for it, or feel it as a stain upon his +character.—C. Lamb.</p> + +<p>C. Dibdin says: "If the description of Thom. +Doggett's performance of this character be correct, +the part has certainly never been performed +since to any degree of perfection."</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Ben Bolt,</b> old schoolmate with whom Thomas Dunn English exchanges +reminiscences in the ballad, <i>Ben Bolt</i>, beginning:</p> + +Don't you remember sweet Alice, Ben Bolt?<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sweet Alice, whose hair was so brown;</span><br> +Who wept with delight when you gave her a smile,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And trembled with fear at your frown. (1845.)</span><br> + +<p><b>Ben-Hur,</b> a young Jew, who, for accidentally injuring a Roman +soldier, is condemned to the galleys for life. Escaping, after three +years of servitude, through the favor of Arrius, a Roman Tribune, he +seeks his mother and sister to find both lepers. They are healed by +Christ, whose devoted followers they become.—Lew Wallace, <i>Ben-Hur: A +Tale of the Christ</i> (1880).</p> + +<p><b>Ben Israel</b> (<i>Nathan</i>) or <b>Nathan ben Samuel,</b> the physician and +friend of Isaac the Jew.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Ben Joc'hanan,</b> in the satire of <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, by Dryden +and Tate, is meant for the Rev. Samuel Johnson, who suffered much +persecution for his defence of the right of private judgment.</p> + +Let Hebron, nay, let hell produce a man<br> +So made for mischief as Ben Jochanan.<br> +A Jew of humble parentage was he,<br> +By trade a Levite, though of low degree.<br> +<br> +Part ii.<br> + +<p><b>Benai'ah</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), in <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, is meant for +general George Edward Sackville. As Benaiah, captain of David's guard, +adhered to Solomon against Adonijah, so general Sackville adhered to the +duke of York against the prince of Orange (1590-1652).</p> + +Nor can Benaiah's worth forgotten lie,<br> +Of steady soul when public storms were high.<br> +<br> +Dryden and Tate, part ii.<br> + +<p><b>Benas'kar</b> or <b>Bennaskar</b>, a wealthy merchant and magician of +Delhi.—James Ridley, <i>Tales of the Genii</i> ("History of Mahoud," tale +vii., 1751).</p> + +<p><b>Benbow</b> (<i>Admiral</i>). In an engagement with the French near St. +Martha on the Spanish coast in 1701, admiral Benbow had his legs and +thighs shivered into splinters by chain-shot, but supported in a wooden +frame he remained on the quarter-deck till morning, when Du Casse +sheered off.</p> + +<p>Similar acts of heroism are recorded of Almeyda, the Portuguese governor +of India, of Cynaegiros brother of the poet AEschylos, of Jaafer the +standard-bearer of "the prophet" in the battle of Muta, and of some +others.</p> + +<p><i>Benbow</i>, an idle, generous, free-and-easy sot, who spent a good +inheritance in dissipation, and ended life in the workhouse.</p> + +Benbow, a boon companion, long approved<br> +By jovial sets, and (as he thought) beloved,<br> +Was judged as one to joy and friendship prone,<br> +And deemed injurious to himself alone.<br> +<br> +Crabbe, <i>Borough</i>, xvi. (1810).<br> + +<p><b>Bend-the-Bow,</b> an English archer at Dickson's cottage.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Castle Dangerous</i> (time, Henry I.).</p> + +<p><b>Benedick</b>, a wild, witty, and light-hearted young lord of Padua, who +vowed celibacy, but fell in love with Beatrice and married her. It fell +out thus: He went on a visit to Leonato, governor of Messina; here he +sees Beatrice, the governor's niece, as wild and witty as himself, but +he dislikes her, thinks her pert and forward, and somewhat ill-mannered +withal. However, he hears Claudio speaking to Leonata about Beatrice, +saying how deeply she loves Benedick, and bewailing that so nice a girl +should break her heart with unrequited love. This conversation was a +mere ruse, but Benedick believed it to be true, and resolved to reward +the love of Beatrice with love and marriage. It so happened that +Beatrice had been entrapped by a similar conversation which she had +overheard from her cousin Hero. The end was they sincerely loved each +other, and became man and wife.—Shakespeare, <i>Much Ado about Nothing</i> +(1600). <b>Benedict</b> [BELLEFONTAINE], the wealthiest farmer of Grand +Pré, in Acadia, father of Evangeline ("the pride of the village"). He +was a stalwart man of seventy, hale as an oak, but his hair was white as +snow. Colonel Winslow in 1713 informed the villagers of Grand Pré that +the French had formally ceded their village to the English, that George +II. now confiscated all their lands, houses, and cattle, and that the +people, amounting to nearly 2000, were to be "exiled into other lands +without delay." The people assembled on the sea-shore; old Benedict +Bellefontaine sat to rest himself, and fell dead in a fit. The old +priest buried him in the sand, and the exiles left their village homes +forever.—Longfellow, <i>Evangeline</i> (1849).</p> + +<p><b>Ben'engel'i</b> (<i>Cid Hamet</i>), the hypothetical Moorish chronicler from +whom Cervantês pretends he derived the account of the adventures of don +Quixote.</p> +<br> + +<p>The Spanish commentators ... have discovered +that <i>cid Hamet Benengeli</i> is after all no more +than an Arabic version of the name of Cervantês +himself. <i>Hamet</i> is a Moorish prefix, and <i>Benengeli</i> +signifies "son of a stag," in Spanish <i>Cervanteno.</i>—Lockhart.</p> +<br> + +<p><i>Benengeli</i> (<i>Cid Hamet</i>), Thomas Babington lord Macaulay. His signature +in his <i>Fragment of an Ancient Romance</i> (1826). (See Cid, etc.)</p> + +<p><b>Benev'olus,</b> in Cowper's <i>Task</i>, is John Courtney Throckmorton, of +Weston Underwood.</p> + +<p><b>Benjamin Penguillan.</b> <i>The Pioneers</i>, by J. F. Cooper. A servant in +the family of Judge Temple. His sobriquet is "Ben Pump." (1823.)</p> + +<p><b>Benjie</b> <i>(Little)</i>, or Benjamin Colthred, a spy employed by Cristal +Nixon, the agent of Redgauntlet.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, +George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Ben'net</b> <i>(Brother)</i>, a monk at St. Mary's convent.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>The Monastery</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><i>Ben'net (Mrs.)</i>, a demure, intriguing woman in <i>Amelia</i>, a novel by +Fielding (1751).</p> + +<p><b>Ben'oiton</b> <i>(Madame)</i>, a woman who has been the ruin of the family +by neglect. In the "famille Benoiton" the constant question was "<i>Où est +Madame?</i>" and the invariable answer "<i>Elle est sortie</i>" At the +<i>dénouement</i> the question was asked again, and the answer was varied +thus, "Madam has been at home, but is gone out again."—<i>La Famille +Benoiton</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Ben'shee,</b> the domestic spirit or demon of certain Irish families. +The benshee takes an interest in the prosperity of the family to which +it is attached, and intimates to it approaching disaster or death by +wailings or shrieks. The Scotch Bodach Glay or "grey spectre" is a +similar spirit. Same as <i>Banshee</i> (which see).</p> + +How oft has the Benshee cried!<br> +How oft has death untied<br> +Bright links that glory wove,<br> +Sweet bonds entwined by love!<br> +<br> +T. Moore, <i>Irish Melodies</i>, ii.<br> + +<p><b>Benvo'lio</b>, nephew to Montague, and Romeo's friend. A testy, +litigious fellow, who would quarrel about goat's wool or pigeon's milk. +Mercutio says to him, "Thou hast quarrelled with a man for coughing in +the street, because he hath wakened thy dog that hath lain asleep in the +sun" (act iii. sc. 1),—Shakespeare, <i>Romeo and Juliet</i> (1598).</p> + +<p><b>Beowulf</b>, the name of an Anglo-Saxon epic poem of the sixth century. +It received its name from Beowulf, who delivered Hrothgar king of +Denmark from the monster Grrendel. This Grendel was half monster and +half man, and night after night stole into the king's palace called +Heorot, and slew sometimes as many as thirty of the sleepers at a time. +Beowulf put himself at the head of a mixed band of warriors, went +against the monster and slew it. This epic is very Ossianic in style, is +full of beauties, and is most interesting.—<i>Kemble's Translation.</i></p> + +<p>(A.D. Wackerbarth published in 1849 a metrical translation of this +Anglo-Saxon poem, of considerable merit.)</p> + +<p><b>Beppo.</b> Byron's <i>Beppo</i> is the husband of Laura, a Venetian lady. He +was taken captive in Troy, turned Turk, joined a band of pirates, grew +rich, and after several years returned to his native land. He found his +wife at a carnival ball with a <i>cavaliero</i>, made himself known to her, +and they lived together again as man and wife. (Beppo is a contraction +of <i>Guiseppe</i>, as Joe is of <i>Joseph</i>, 1820.)</p> + +<p><i>Beppo</i>, in <i>Fra Diavolo</i>, an opera by Auber (1836).</p> + +<p><b>Beralde</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), brother of Argan the <i>malade imaginaire</i>. He +tells Argan that his doctors will confess this much, that the cure of a +patient is a very minor consideration with them, "<i>toute l'excellence de +leur art consiste en un pompeux galimatias, en un spécieux babil, qui +vous donne des mots pour des raisons, et des promesses pour des +effets.</i>" Again he says, "<i>presque tous les hommes meurent de leur +remèdes et non pas de leurs maladies</i>." He then proves that Argan's wife +is a mere hypocrite, while his daughter is a true-hearted, loving girl; +and he makes the invalid join in the dancing and singing provided for +his cure.—Molière, <i>Le Malade Imaginaire</i> (1673). <b>Berch'ta</b> ("<i>the +white lady</i>"), a fairy of southern Germany, answering to Hulda ("the +gracious lady") of northern Germany. After the introduction of +Christianity, Berchta lost her first estate and lapsed into a bogie.</p> + +<p><b>Berecynthian Goddess</b> (<i>The</i>). Cybelê is so called from mount +Berecyntus, in Phrygia, where she was held in especial adoration. She is +represented as crowned with turrets, and holding keys in her hand.</p> + +Her helmèd head<br> +Rose like the Berecynthian goddess crowned<br> +With towers.<br> +<br> +Southey, <i>Roderick, etc.</i>, ii. (1814).<br> + +<p><b>Berecyn'thian Hero</b> (<i>The</i>), Midas king of Phyrgia, so called from +mount Berecyn'tus (4 <i>syl</i>.), in Phrygia.</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Berenga'ria</b>, queen-consort of Richard Coeur de Lion, introduced in +<i>The Talisman</i>, a novel by sir W. Scott (1825). Berengaria died 1230.</p> + +<p><b>Berenger</b> (<i>Sir Raymond</i>), an old Norman warrior, living at the +castle of Garde Doloureuse.</p> + +<p><i>The lady Eveline</i>, sir Raymond's daughter, betrothed to sir Hugo de +Lacy. Sir Hugo cancels his own betrothal in favor of his nephew (sir +Damian de Lacy), who marries the lady Eveline, "the betrothed."—Sir W. +Scott, <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p> + +<p><b>Bereni'ce</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), sister-wife of Ptolemy III. She vowed to +sacrifice her hair to the gods if her husband returned home the +vanquisher of Asia. On his return, she suspended her hair in the temple +of the war-god, but it was stolen the first night, and Conon of Samos +told the king that the winds had carried it to heaven, where it still +forms the seven stars near the tail of Leo, called <i>Coma Berenices</i>.</p> + +<p>Pope, in <i>his Rape of the Lock</i>, has borrowed this fable to account for +the lock of hair cut from Belinda's head, the restoration of which the +young lady insisted upon.</p> + +<p><i>Bereni'ce</i> (4 <i>syl</i>.), a Jewish princess, daughter of Agrippa. She +married Herod king of Chalcis, then Polemon king of Cilicia, and then +went to live with Agrippa II. her brother. Titus fell in love with her +and would have married her, but the Romans compelled him to renounce the +idea, and a separation took place. Otway (1672) made this the subject of +a tragedy called <i>Titus and Berenicê</i>; and Jean Racine (1670), in his +tragedy of <i>Bérénice</i>, has made her a sort of Henriette d'Orleans.</p> + +<p>(Henriette d'Orleans, daughter of Charles I. of England, married +Philippe due d'Orléans, brother of Louis XIV. She was brilliant in +talent and beautiful in person, but being neglected by her husband, she +died suddenly after drinking a cup of chocolate, probably poisoned.)</p> + +<p><i>Berenice</i>, heroine of a tragic-comic fantasy by Edgar Allan Poe, in +which Berenice's teeth hold a position as conspicuous as ghastly (1845).</p> + +<p><b>Beringhen</b> (<i>The Sieur de</i>), an old gourmand, who preferred patties +to treason; but cardinal Richelieu banished him from France, saying:</p> + +Sleep not another night in Paris,<br> +Or else your precious life may be in danger.<br> +<br> +Lord Lytton, <i>Richelieu</i> (1839).<br> + +<p><b>Berin'thia</b>, cousin of Amanda; a beautiful young widow attached to +colonel Townly. In order to win him she plays upon his jealousy by +coquetting with Loveless.—Sheridan, <i>A Trip to Scarborough</i> (1777).</p> + +<p><b>Berke'ley</b> (<i>The Old Woman of</i>), a woman whose life had been very +wicked. On her death-bed she sent for her son who was a monk, and for +her daughter who was a nun, and bade them put her in a strong stone +coffin, and to fasten the coffin to the ground with strong bands of +iron. Fifty priests and fifty choristers were to pray and sing over her +for three days, and the bell was to toll without ceasing. The first +night passed without much disturbance. The second night the candles +burnt blue and dreadful yells were heard outside the church. But the +third night the devil broke into the church and carried off the old +woman on his black horse.—R. Southey, <i>The Old Woman of Berkeley</i> (a +ballad from Olaus Magnus).</p> +<br> + +<p>Dr. Sayers pointed out to us in conversation +a story related by Olaus Magnus of a witch whose +coffin was confined by three chains, but nevertheless +was carried off by demons. Dr. Sayers +had made a ballad on the subject; so had I; +but after seeing <i>The Old Woman of Berkeley</i>, we +awarded it the preference.—W. Taylor.</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Berke'ly</b> (<i>The lady Augusta</i>), plighted to sir John de Walton, +governor of Douglas Castle. She first appears under the name of +Augustine, disguised as the son of Bertram the minstrel, and the novel +concludes with her marriage to De Walton, to whom Douglas Castle had +been surrendered.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Castle Dangerous</i> (time, Henry I.).</p> + +<p><b>Berkshire Lady</b> (<i>The</i>), Miss Frances Kendrick, daughter of sir +William Kendrick, second baronet; his father was created baronet by +Charles II. The line, "Faint heart never won fair lady," was the advice +of a friend to Mr. Child, the son of a brewer, who sought the hand of +the lady.—<i>Quarterly Review</i>, cvi. 205-245.</p> + +<p><b>Bernard.</b> Solomon Bernard, engraver of Lions (sixteenth century), +called <i>Le petit Bernard</i>. Claud Bernard of Dijon, the philanthropist +(1588-1641), is called <i>Poor Bernard.</i> Pierre Joseph Bernard, the French +poet (1710-1755), is called <i>Le gentil Bernard.</i></p> + +<p><i>Bernard</i>, an ass; in Italian <i>Bernardo</i>. In the beast-epic called +<i>Reynard the Fox</i>, the <i>sheep</i> is called "Bernard," and the <i>ass</i> is +"Bernard l'archipêtre" (1498).</p> + +<p><b>Bernard Langdon</b>, fine young fellow of the "Brahmin Caste," who +teaches school while preparing for a profession.—Oliver Wendell Holmes, +<i>Elsie Venner</i> (1861).</p> + +<p><b>Bernar'do,</b> an officer in Denmark, to whom the ghost of the murdured +king appeared during the night-watch at the royal castle.—Shakespeare, +<i>Hamlet</i> (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Bernardo del Carpio</b>, one of the favorite subjects of the old +Spanish minstrels. The other two were <i>The Cid</i> and <i>Lara's Seven +Infants</i>. Bernardo del Carpio was the person who assailed Orlando (or +Rowland) at Roncesvalles, and finding him invulnerable, took him up in +his arms and squeezed him to death, as Hercules did +Antae'os.—Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, II. ii. 13 (1615).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">The only vulnerable part of Orlando was the sole of the +foot.</p> + +<p><b>Berser'ker,</b> grandson of the eight-handed Starka'der and the +beautiful Alfhil'de. He was so called because he wore "no shirt of +mail," but went to battle unharnessed. He married the daughter of +Swaf'urlam, and had twelve sons. (<i>Baer-syrce</i>, Anglo-Saxon, "bare of +shirt;" Scotch, "bare-sark.")</p> +<br> + +<p>You say that I am a Berserker, and ... bare-sark +I go to-morrow to the war, and bare-sark I +win that war or die.—Rev. C. Kingsley, <i>Hereward +the Wake</i>, i. 247.</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Bertha</b>, the supposed daughter of Vandunke (2 <i>syl</i>.), +burgomaster of Bruges, and mistress of Goswin, a rich merchant of the +same city. In reality. Bertha is the duke of Brabant's daughter +<i>Gertrude</i>, and Goswin is <i>Florez</i>, son of Gerrard king of the +beggars.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Beggars' Bush</i> (1622).</p> + +<p><i>Ber'tha</i>, daughter of Burkhard duke of the Alemanni, and wife of Rudolf +II. king of Burgundy beyond Jura. She is represented on monuments of the +time as sitting on her throne spinning.</p> + +Yon are the beautiful Bertha the Spinner, the queen of Helvetia; ...<br> +Who as she rode on her palfrey o'er valley, and meadow, and mountain,<br> +Ever was spinning her thread from the distaff fixed to her saddle.<br> +She was so thrifty and good that her name passed into a proverb.<br> +<br> +Longfellow, <i>Courtship of Miles Standish</i>, viii.<br> + +<p><i>Bertha, alias</i> AGATHA, the betrothed of Hereward (3 <i>syl</i>.), one of the +emperor's Varangian guards. The novel concludes with Hereward enlisting +under the banner of count Robert, and marrying Bertha.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Count Robert of Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p> + +<p><i>Ber'tha</i>, the betrothed of John of Leyden. When she went with her +mother to ask count Oberthal's permission to marry, the count resolved +to make his pretty vassal his mistress, and confined her in his castle. +She made her escape and went to Munster, intending to set fire to the +palace of "the prophet," who, she thought, had caused the death of her +lover. Being seized and brought before the prophet, she recognized in +him her lover, and exclaiming, "I loved thee once, but now my love is +turned to hate," stabbed herself and died.—Meyerbeer, <i>Le Prophète</i> (an +opera, 1849).</p> + +<p><b>Bertha Amory</b>, wife of Richard Amory and used by him in political +intrigues, in <i>Through One Administration</i>, by Francis Hodgson Burnett. +Secretly, and against her will, in love with Trevannion, an army officer +whom she has known from childhood (1883).</p> + +<p><b>Berthe an Grand-Pied,</b> mother of Charlemagne, so called from a +club-foot.</p> + +<p><b>Bertie Cecil</b>, noble young Englishman who assumes his brother's +crime to save the family name, and exiles himself as a soldier in the +French army of Algiers. Eventually his fame is cleared and he returns to +England as lord Royalieu.—Ouida, <i>Under Two Flags</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bertie the Lamb</b>, professional dude, with a heart yet softer than +his head, in <i>The Henrietta</i>, a play of New York life, by Bronson +Howard. Stuart Robson's impersonation of "Bertie" is without a flaw +(1887).</p> + +<p><b>Bertolde</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the hero of a little <i>jeu d'esprit</i> in Italian +prose by Julio Cæsare Crocê (2 <i>syl</i>.). He is a comedian by profession, +whom nothing astonishes. He is as much at his ease with kings and queens +as with those of his own rank. Hence the phrase <i>Imperturbable as +Bertolde</i>, meaning "never taken by surprise," "never thrown off one's +guard," "never disconcerted."</p> + +<p><b>Bertoldo</b> <i>(Prince)</i>, a knight of Malta, and brother of Roberto king +of the two Sicilies. He was in love with Cami'ola "the maid of honor," +but could not marry without a dispensation from the pope. While matters +were at this crisis, Bertoldo laid siege to Sienna, and was taken +prisoner. Camiola paid his ransom, but before he was released the +duchess Aurelia requested him to be brought before her. As soon as the +duchess saw him, she fell in love with him, and offered him marriage, +and Bertoldo, forgetful of Camiola, accepted the offer. The betrothed +then presented themselves before the king. Here Camiola exposed the +conduct of the knight; Roberto was indignant; Aurelia rejected her +<i>fiancé</i> with scorn; and Camiola took the veil.—Massinger, <i>The Maid of +Honor</i> (1637).</p> + +<p><i>Bertol'do</i>, the chief character of a comic romance called <i>Vita di +Bertoldo</i>, by Julio Cesare Crocê, who flourished in the sixteenth +century. It recounts the successful exploits of a clever but ugly +peasant, and was for two centuries as popular in Italy as <i>Robinson +Crusoe</i> is in England. Same as, <i>Bertolde</i> and <i>Bartoldo</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bertoldo's Son</b>, Rinaldo.—Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p> + +<p><b>Bertram</b> <i>(Baron)</i>, one of Charlemagne's paladins.</p> + +<p><i>Ber'tram</i>, count of Rousillon. While on a visit to the king of France, +Helena, a physician's daughter, cured the king of a. disorder which had +baffled the court physicians. For this service the king promised her for +husband any one she chose to select, and her choice fell on Bertram. The +haughty count married her, it is true, but deserted her at once, and +left for Florence, where he joined the duke's army. It so happened that +Helena also stopped at Florence while on a pilgrimage to the shrine of +St. Jacques le Grand. In Florence she lodged with a widow whose daughter +Diana, was wantonly loved by Bertram. Helena obtained permission to +receive his visits in lieu of Diana, and in one of these visits +exchanged rings with him. Soon after this the count went on a visit to +his mother, where he saw the king, and the king observing on his finger +the ring he had given to Helena, had him arrested on the suspicion of +murder. Helena now came forward to explain matters, and all was +well, for all ended well.—Shakespeare, <i>All's Well that Ends Well</i> +(1598).</p> +<br> + +<p>I cannot reconcile my heart to "Bertram," a +man noble without generosity, and young without +truth; who marries Helena as a coward, and +leaves her as a profligate. When she is dead by +his unkindness he sneaks home to a second marriage, +is accused by a woman whom he has +wronged, defends himself by falsehood, and is +dismissed to happiness.—Dr. Johnson.</p> +<br> + +<p><i>Bertram</i> (<i>Sir Stephen</i>), an austere merchant, very just but not +generous. Fearing lest his son should marry the sister of his clerk +(Charles Ratcliffe), he dismissed Ratcliffe from his service, and being +then informed that the marriage had already taken place, he disinherited +his son. Sheva the Jew assured him that the lady had £10,000 for her +fortune, so he relented. At the last all parties were satisfied.</p> + +<p><i>Frederick Bertram</i>, only son of sir Stephen; he marries Miss Ratcliffe +clandestinely, and incurs thereby his father's displeasure, but the +noble benevolence of Sheva the Jew brings about a reconciliation and +opens sir Bertram's eyes to "see ten thousand merits," a grace for every +pound.—Cumberland, <i>The Jew</i> (1776).</p> + +<p><i>Ber'tram</i> (<i>Count</i>), an outlaw, who becomes the leader of a band of +robbers. Being wrecked on the coast of Sicily, he is conveyed to the +castle of lady Imogine, and in her he recognizes an old sweetheart to +whom in his prosperous days he was greatly attached. Her husband (St. +Aldobrand), who was away at first, returning unexpectedly is murdered by +Bertram; Imogine goes mad and dies; and Bertram puts an end to his own +life.—C. Maturin, <i>Bertram</i> (1782-1825).</p> + +<p><i>Bertram</i> (<i>Mr. Godfrey</i>), the laird of Ellangowan.</p> + +<p><i>Mrs. Bertram</i>, his wife.</p> + +<p><i>Harry Bertram, alias</i> captain Vanbeest Brown, <i>alias</i> Dawson, <i>alias</i> +Dudley, son of the laird, and heir to Ellangowan. Harry Bertram is in +love with Julia Mannering, and the novel concludes with his taking +possession of the old house at Ellangowan and marrying Julia.</p> + +<p><i>Lucy Bertram</i>, sister of Harry Bertram. She marries Charles Hazlewood, +son of sir Robert Hazlewood, of Hazlewood.</p> + +<p><i>Sir Allen Bertram</i>, of Ellangowan, an ancestor of Mr. Godfrey Bertram.</p> + +<p><i>Dennis Bertram, Donohoe Bertram</i>, and <i>Lewis Bertram</i>, ancestors of Mr. +Godfrey Bertram.</p> + +<p><i>Captain Andrew Bertram</i>, a relative of the family.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy +Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><i>Bertram</i>, the English minstrel, and guide of lady Augusta Berkely; when +in disguise she calls herself the minstrel's son.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Castle +Dangerous</i> (time, Henry I.).</p> + +<p><i>Ber'tram</i>, one of the conspirators against the republic of Venice. +Having "a hesitating softness, fatal to a great enterprise," he betrayed +the conspiracy to the senate.—Byron, <i>Marino Faliero</i> (1819).</p> + +<p><b>Bertra'mo</b>, the fiend-father of Robert le Diable. After alluring his +son to gamble away all his property, he meets him near St. Ire'nê, and +Hel'ena seduces him to join in "the Dance of Love." When at last +Bertramo comes to claim his victim, he is resisted by Alice (the duke's +foster-sister), who reads to Robert his mother's will. Being thus +reclaimed, angels celebrate the triumph of good over evil.—Meyerbeer, +<i>Roberto il Diavolo</i> (an opera, 1831).</p> + +<p><b>Bertrand</b>, a simpleton and a villain. He is the accomplice of Robert +Macaire, a libertine of unblushing impudence, who sins without +compunction.—Daumier, <i>L'Auberge des Adrets.</i></p> + +<p><b>Bertrand du Gueslin</b>, a romance of chivalry, reciting the adventures +of this connétable de France, in the reign of Charles V.</p> + +<p><i>Bertrand du Gueslin in prison.</i> The prince of Wales went to visit his +captive Bertrand, and asking him how he fared, the Frenchman replied, +"Sir, I have heard the mice and the rats this many a day, but it is long +since I heard the song of birds," <i>i.e.</i> I have been long a captive and +have not breathed the fresh air.</p> + +<p>The reply of Bertrand du Gueslin calls to mind that of Douglas, called +"The Good sir James," the companion of Robert Bruce, "It is better, I +ween, to hear the lark sing than the mouse cheep," <i>i.e.</i> It is better +to keep the open field than to be shut up in a castle.</p> + +<p><b>Bertulphe</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), provost of Bruges, the son of a serf. By his +genius and energy he became the richest, most honored, and most powerful +man in Bruges. His arm was strong in fight, his wisdom swayed the +council, his step was proud, and his eye untamed. He had one child, most +dearly beloved, the bride of sir Bouchard, a knight of noble descent. +Charles "the Good," earl of Flanders, made a law (1127) that whoever +married a serf should become a serf, and that serfs were serfs till +manumission. By these absurd decrees Bertulphe the provost, his daughter +Constance, and his knightly son-in-law were all serfs. The result was +that the provost slew the earl and then himself, his daughter went mad +and died, and Bouchard was slain in fight.—S. Knowles, <i>The Provost of +Bruges</i> (1836).</p> + +<p><b>Ber'wine</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), the favorite attendant of lady Er'mengarde (3 +<i>syl</i>.) of Baldringham, great-aunt of lady Eveline "the betrothed."—Sir +W. Scott, <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p> + +<p><b>Ber'yl Mol'ozane</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the lady-love of George Geith. All +beauty, love, and sunshine. She has a heart for every one, is ready to +help every one, and is by every one beloved, yet her lot is most +painfully unhappy, and ends in an early death.—F.G. Trafford [J.H. +Riddell], <i>George Geith</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Beso'nian</b> (<i>A</i>), a scoundrel. From the Italian, <i>bisognoso</i>, "a +needy person, a beggar."</p> +<br> + +<p>Proud lords do tumble from the towers of their +high descents; and be trod under feet of every +inferior besonian.—Thomas Nash, <i>Pierce Pennylesse, +His Supplication, etc.</i> (1592).</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Bess</b> (<i>Good queen</i>), Elizabeth (1533, 1558-1603).</p> + +<p><i>Bess</i>, the daughter of the "blind beggar of Bethnal Green," a lady by +birth, a sylph for beauty, an angel for constancy and sweetness. She was +loved to distraction by Wilford, and it turned out that he was the son +of lord Woodville, and Bess the daughter of lord Woodville's brother; so +they were cousins. Queen Elizabeth sanctioned their nuptials, and took +them under her own especial conduct.—S. Knowles, <i>The Beggar of Bethnal +Green</i> (1834).</p> + +<p><b>Bess o' Bedlam</b>, a female lunatic vagrant, the male lunatic vagrant +being called a <i>Tom o' Bedlam</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bessus</b>, governor of Bactria, who seized Dari'us (after the battle +of Arbe'la) and put him to death. Arrian says, Alexander caused the +nostrils of the regicide to be slit, and the tips of his ears to be cut +off. The offender being then sent to Ecbat'ana, in chains, was put to +death.</p> + +Lo! Bessus, he that armde with murderer's knyfe<br> +And traytrous hart agaynst his royal king,<br> +With bluddy hands bereft his master's life.<br> +What booted him his false usurped raygne.<br> +When like a wretche led in an iron chayne,<br> +He was presented by his chiefest friende<br> +Unto the foes of him whom he had slayne?<br> +<br> +T. Sackville, <i>A Mirrour for Magistraytes</i><br> +("The Complaynt," 1587).<br> + +<p><i>Bes'sus</i> a cowardly bragging captain, a sort of Bobadil or Vincent de +la Rosa. Captain Bessus, having received a challenge, wrote word back +that he could not accept the honor for thirteen weeks, as he had already +212 duels on hand, but he was much grieved that he could not appoint an +earlier day.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>King and No King</i> (1619).</p> + +Rochester I despise for want of wit.<br> +So often does he aim, so seldom hit ...<br> +Mean in each action, lewd in every limb,<br> +Manners themselves are mischievous in him ...<br> +For what a Bessus has he always lived!<br> + +<p>Dryden, <i>Essay upon Satire</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Beth March</b>, the third and gentlest sister in Louisa M. Alcott's +novel "<i>Little Women</i>" (1868).</p> + +<p><b>Betsey</b>, the wife in Will Carleton's farm ballad, <i>Betsey and I are +Out</i>. In dictating to a lawyer the terms of separation, the farmer +reminds himself of the many excellent points of the offending spouse, +and how "she and I was happy before we quarrelled so."</p> + +And when she dies, I wish that she would be laid by me,<br> +And, lyin' together in silence, perhaps we will agree;<br> +And, if ever we meet in heaven I wouldn't think it queer<br> +If we loved each other better because we quarrelled here.<br> +<br> +(1873.)<br> + +<p><b>Betsey Bobbet</b>, the sentimental spinster who wears out the patience +of Josiah Allen's wife with poetry and opinions.</p> + +<p>"She is fairly activ' to make a runnin' vine of herself.... It seems +strange to me that them that preach up the doctrine of woman's only +spear don't admire one who carries it out to its full extent."—Marietta +Holley, <i>My Opinions and Betsey Bobbet's</i> (1872).</p> + +<p><b>Bettina Ward</b>, a Southern girl, poor and proud, in Constance +Fenimore Woolson's story of <i>Rodman the Keeper</i>. "A little creature that +fairly radiated scorn at thought of receiving charity from a Yankee" +(1880).</p> + +<p><b>Betty Doxy</b>, Captain Macheath says to her, "Do you drink as hard as +ever? You had better stick to good wholesome beer; for, in troth, Betty, +strong waters will in time ruin your constitution. You should leave +those to your betters."—Gray, <i>The Beggar's Opera</i>, ii. 1 (1727).</p> + +<p><b>Betty Foy</b>, "the idiot mother of an idiot boy "—W. Wordsworth +(1770-1850).</p> + +<p><b>Betty [Hint]</b>, servant in the family of sir Pertinax and lady +McSycophant. She is a sly, prying tale-bearer, who hates Constantia (the +beloved of Egerton McSycophant), simply because every one else loves +her.—C. Macklin, <i>The Man of the World</i> (1764).</p> + +<p><b>Betty Leicester</b>, "vivacious, whole-souled girl of the period," +whose summer residence in a New England village introduces elements of +fuller and sweeter life. A home-missionary of the better sort.—Sarah +Orne Jewett, <i>Betty Leicester</i> (1889).</p> + +<p><b>Beulah</b>, a poor girl taken from an orphan asylum and brought up in a +family of refinement and education. She develops strong traits of +character and much intellectual ability. Her long struggles through the +mists of rationalism result in clear views of and high faith in revealed +religion. Her guardian, and long her teacher, loves her, and after years +of waiting, wins her.</p> + +<p>"Have you learned that fame is an icy shadow?" he asks upon his return +from the protracted wanderings that have taught both how much they need +one another. "That gratified ambition cannot make you happy? Do you love +me?"</p> + +<p>"Yes."</p> + +<p>"Better than teaching school and writing learned articles?"</p> + +<p>"Rather better, I believe, sir."</p> + +<p><i>Beulah</i>, a novel by Augusta Evans Wilson (1859).</p> + +<p><b>Beuves</b> (1 <i>syl</i>.), or <b>Buo'vo of Ay'gremont</b>, father of +Malagigi, and uncle of Rinaldo. Treacherously slain by Ga'no.—Ariosto, +<i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Beuves de Hantone</b>, French form for Bevis of Southampton (<i>q.v.</i>). +"Hantone" is a French corruption of Southampton.</p> + +<p><b>Bev'an</b> (<i>Mr.</i>), an American physician, who befriends Martin +Chuzzlewit and Mark Tapley in many ways during their stay in the New +World.—C. Dickens, <i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i> (1844).</p> + +<p><b>Bev'erley</b>, "the gamester," naturally a good man, but led astray by +Stukely, till at last he loses everything by gambling, and dies a +miserable death.</p> + +<p><i>Mrs. Beverley</i>, the gamester's wife. She loves her husband fondly, and +clings to him in all his troubles.</p> + +<p><i>Charlotte Beverley</i>, in love with Lewson, but Stukely wishes to marry +her. She loses all her fortune through her brother, "the gamester," but +Lewson notwithstanding marries her.—Edward Moore, <i>The Gamester</i> +(1712-1757).</p> + +<p><i>Beverley</i>, brother of Clarissa, and the lover of Belinda Blandford. He +is extremely jealous, and catches at trifles light as air to confirm his +fears; but his love is most sincere, and his penitence most humble when +he finds out how causeless his suspicions are. Belinda is too proud to +deny his insinuations, but her love is so deep that she repents of +giving him a moment's pain.—A. Murphy, <i>All in the Wrong</i> (1761).</p> + +<p><b>Beverley Thurston</b>, a lawyer, belonging to an old New York family, +in love with Claire Twining, <i>The Ambitious Woman</i> of Edgar Fawcett's +society novel (1883).</p> + +<p>He was a man of about forty years old, who +had never married. His figure was tall and +shapely; his face, usually grave, was capable of +much geniality. He had travelled, read, thought, +and observed. He stood somewhat high in the +legal profession, and came, on the maternal side, +of a somewhat noted family.</p> + +<p><b>Bev'il</b>, a model gentleman, in Steele's <i>Conscious Lovers</i>.</p> + +Whatever can deck mankind<br> +Or charm the heart, in generous Bevil shewed.<br> +<br> +Thomson, <i>The Seasons</i> ("Winter," 1726).<br> + +<p><i>Bevil</i> (<i>Francis, Harry, and George</i>), three brothers—one an M.P., +another in the law, and the third in the Guards—who, unknown to each +other, wished to obtain in marriage the hand of Miss Grubb, the daughter +of a rich stock-broker. The M.P. paid his court to the father, and +obtained his consent; the lawyer paid his court to the mother, and +obtained her consent; the officer paid his court to the young lady, and +having obtained her consent, the other two brothers retired from the +field.—O'Brien, <i>Cross Purposes</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Be'vis</b>, the horse of lord Marmion.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Marmion</i> (1808).</p> + +<p><i>Be'vis</i> (<i>Sir</i>) of Southampton. Having reproved his mother, while still +a lad, for murdering his father, she employed Saber to kill him; but +Saber only left him on a desert land as a waif, and he was brought up as +a shepherd. Hearing that his mother had married Mor'dure (2 <i>syl</i>.), the +adulterer, he forced his way into the marriage hall and struck at +Mordure; but Mordure slipped aside, and escaped the blow. Bevis was now +sent out of the country, and being sold to an Armenian, was presented to +the king. Jos'ian, the king's daughter, fell in love with him; they were +duly married, and Bevis was knighted. Having slain the boar which made +holes in the earth as big as that into which Curtius leapt, he was +appointed general of the Armenian forces, subdued Brandamond of +Damascus, and made Damascus tributary to Armenia. Being sent, on a +future occasion, as ambassador to Damascus, he was thrust into a prison, +where were two huge serpents; these he slew, and then effected his +escape. His next encounter was with Ascupart the giant, whom he made his +slave. Lastly, he slew the great dragon of Colein, and then returned to +England, where he was restored to his lands and titles. The French call +him <i>Beuves de Hantone</i>.—M. Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, ii. (1612).</p> + +<p><i>The Sword of Bevis of Southampton</i> was Morglay, and his <i>steed</i> +Ar'undel. Both were given him by his wife Josian, daughter of the king +of Armenia.</p> + +<p><b>Beza'liel</b>, in the satire of <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, is meant for +the marquis of Worcester, afterwards duke of Beaufort. As Bezaliel, the +famous artificer, "was filled with the Spirit of God to devise excellent +works in every kind of workmanship," so on the marquis of Worcester—</p> + +... so largely Nature heaped her store,<br> +There scarce remained for arts to give him more.<br> +<br> +Dryden and Tate, part ii.<br> + +<p><b>Bezo'nian,</b> a beggar, a rustic. (Italian, +<i>bisognoso</i>, "necessitous.")</p> + +<p>The ordinary tillers of the earth, such as we call <i>husbandmen</i>; in +France, <i>pesants</i>; in Spane, <i>besonyans</i>; and generally +<i>cloutshoe</i>.—Markham, <i>English Husbandman</i>, 4.</p> + +<p><b>Bian'ca,</b> the younger daughter of Baptista of Pad'ua, as gentle and +meek as her sister Katherine was violent and irritable. As it was not +likely any one would marry Katherine "the shrew," the father resolved +that Bianca should not marry before her sister. Petruchio married "the +shrew," and then Lucentio married Bianca.—Shakespeare, <i>Taming of the +Shrew</i> (1594).</p> + +<p><i>Bianca</i>, daughter of a noble family in "The Young Italian," one of the +<i>Tales of a Traveller</i>, by Washington Irving. She is beloved +passionately by the young Italian and betrothed to him. In his absence +Filippo, the false friend of her lover, weds her. The betrayed friend on +learning the truth kills Filippo, and is ever afterwards haunted by his +dying face (1824).</p> + +<p><i>Bian'ca</i>, a courtesan, the "almost" wife of Cassio. Iago, speaking of +the lieutenant, says:</p> + +And what was he?<br> +Forsooth a great arithmetician.<br> +One Michael Cassio, a Florentine,<br> +A fellow almost damn'd in a fair wife,<br> +<br> +Shakespeare, <i>Othello</i>, act i. sc. I (1611).<br> + +<p><i>Bian'ca</i>, wife of Fazio. When her husband wantons with the marchioness +Aldabella, Bianca, out of jealousy, accuses him to the duke of Florence +of being privy to the death of Bartol'do, an old miser. Fazio being +condemned to death, Bianca repents of her rashness, and tries to save +her husband, but not succeeding, goes mad and dies.—Dean Milman, +<i>Fazio</i> (1815).</p> + +<p><b>Bibbet</b> (<i>Master</i>), secretary to major-general Harrison, one of the +parliamentary commissioners.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i> (time, +Commonwealth).</p> + +<p><b>Bibbie'na</b> (<i>Il</i>), cardinal Bernardo, who resided at Bibbiena, in +Tuscany. He was the author of <i>Calandra</i>, a comedy (1470-1520).</p> + +<p><b>"Bible" Butler</b>, <i>alias</i> Stephen Butler, grandfather of Reuben +Butler, the presbyterian minister (married to Jeanie Deans).—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Bib'lis</b>, a woman who fell in love with her brother Caunus, and was +changed into a fountain near Mile'tus.—Ovid, <i>Met</i>. ix. 662.</p> + +Not that [<i>fountain</i>] where Biblis dropt, too fondly light,<br> +Her tears and self may dare compare with this.<br> +<br> +Phin. Fletcher, <i>The Purple Island</i>, v. (1633).<br> + +<p><b>Bib'ulus</b>, a colleague of Julius Cæsar, but a mere cipher in +office; hence his name became a household word for a nonentity.</p> + +<p><b>Bic'kerstaff</b> (<i>Isaac</i>), a pseudonym of dean Swift, assumed in the +paper-war with Partridge, the almanac-maker, and subsequently adopted by +Steele in <i>The Tatler</i>, which was announced as edited by "Isaac +Bickerstaff, Esq., astrologer."</p> + +<p><b>Bickerton</b> (<i>Mrs.</i>), landlady of the Seven Stars inn of York, where +Jeanie Deans stops on her way to London, whither she is going to plead +for her sister's pardon.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, +George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Bid'denden Maids</b> (<i>The</i>), two sisters named Mary and Elizabeth +Chulkhurst, born at Biddenden in 1100. They were joined together by the +shoulders and hips, and lived to the age of thirty-four. Some say that +it was Mary and Elizabeth Chulkhurst who left twenty acres of land to +the poor of Biddenden. This tenement called "Bread and Cheese Land," +because the rent derived from it is distributed on Easter Sunday in +doles of bread and cheese. Halstead says, in his <i>History of Kent</i>, that +it was the gift of two maidens named Preston, and not of the Biddenden +Maids.</p> + +<p><b>Biddy</b>, servant to Wopsle's great-aunt, who kept an "educational +institution." A good, honest girl who falls in love with Pip, is loved +by Dolge Orlick, but marries Joe Grargery.—C. Dickens, <i>Great +Expectations</i> (1860).</p> + +<p><b>Biddy [Bellair]</b> (<i>Miss</i>), "Miss in her teens," in love with captain +Loveit. She was promised in marriage by her aunt and guardian to an +elderly man whom she detested; and during the absence of captain Loveit +in the Flanders war, she coquetted with Mr. Fribble and captain Flash. +On the return of her "Strephon," she set Fribble and Flash together by +the ears; and while they stood menacing each other, but afraid to fight, +captain Loveit entered and sent them both to the right-about.—D. +Garrick, <i>Miss in Her Teens</i> (1753).</p> + +<p><b>Bidéford Postman</b> (<i>The</i>), Edward Capern, a poet, at one time a +letter-carrier in Bidéford (3 <i>syl</i>).</p> + +<p><b>Bide-the-Bent</b> (<i>Mr. Peter</i>), minister of Wolf's Hope village.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Bride of Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p> + +<p><b>Bid'more</b> (<i>Lord</i>), patron of the Rev Josiah Cargill, minister of +St. Ronan's.</p> + +<p><i>The Hon. Augustus Bidmore</i>, son of lord Bidmore, and pupil of the Rev. +Josiah Cargill.</p> + +<p><i>Miss Augusta Bidmore</i>, daughter of lord</p> + +<p>Bidmore, beloved by the Rev. Josiah Cargill—Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's +Well</i> (time, George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Bie'derman</b> (<i>Arnold</i>), <i>alias</i> count Arnold of Geierstein +[<i>Gi'.er.stine</i>], landamman of Unterwalden. Anne of Geierstein, his +brother's daughter, is under his charge.</p> + +<p><i>Bertha Biederman</i>, Arnold's late wife.</p> + +<p><i>Ru'diger Biederman</i>, Arnold Biederman's son.</p> + +<p><i>Ernest Biederman</i>, brother of Rudiger.</p> + +<p><i>Sigismund Biederman</i>, nicknamed "The Simple," another brother.</p> + +<p><i>Ulrick Biedermen</i>, youngest of the four brothers.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne +of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Big-en'dians</b> (<i>The</i>), a hypothetical religious party of Lilliput, +who made it a matter of "faith" to break their eggs at the "big end." +Those who broke them at the other end were considered heretics, and +called <i>Little-endians</i>.—Dean Swift, <i>Gulliver's Travels</i> (1726).</p> + +<p><b>Big'low</b> (<i>Hosea</i>), the feigned author of <i>The Biglow Papers</i> +(1848), really written by Professor James Russell Lowell of Boston, +Mass. (1819-1891).</p> + +<p><b>Big'ot</b> (<i>De</i>), seneschal of prince John.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> +(time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><i>Big'ot</i>, in C. Lamb's <i>Essays</i>, is John Fenwick, editor of the <i>Albion</i> +newspaper.</p> + +<p><b>Bil'dai</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a seraph and the tutelar guardian of Matthew +the apostle, the son of wealthy parents and brought up in great +luxury.—Klopstock, <i>The Messiah</i>, iii. (1748).</p> + +<p><b>Billings</b> (<i>Josh</i>). A.W. Shaw so signs <i>His Book of Sayings</i> (1866).</p> + +<p>Ef a man hezn't a well-balanced mind I <i>du</i> admire to see him part his +hair in the middle.</p> + +<p>Ef thar iz wun sayin' trewer than anuther it is that the devil iz +allwaies ready fur kumpany.</p> + +<p><i>Josh Billings's Alminax</i> (1870).</p> + +<p><b>Billingsgate</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.). Beling was a friend of "Brennus" the Gaul, +who owned a wharf called Beling's-gate. Geoffrey of Momnouth derives the +word from Belin, a mythical king of the ancient Britons, who "built a +gate there," B.C. 400 (1142).</p> + +<p><b>Billy Barlow</b>, a merry Andrew, so-called from a semi-idiot, who +fancied himself "a great potentate." He was well known in the east of +London, and died in Whitechapel workhouse. Some of his sayings were +really witty, and some of his attitudes truly farcical.</p> + +<p><b>Billy Black</b>, the conundrum-maker.—<i>The Hundred-pound Note</i>.</p> +<br> + +<p>When Keeley was playing "Billy Black" at +Chelmsford, he advanced to the lights at the +close of the piece, and said, "I've one more, and +this is a good un. Why is Chelmsford Theatre +like a half-moon? D'ye give it up? Because it +is never full."—<i>Records of a Stage Veteran</i>.</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Bimater</b> ("<i>two-mother</i>"). Bacchus was so called because at the +death of his mother during gestation, Jupiter put the foetus into his +own thigh for the rest of the time, when the infant Bacchus was duly +brought forth.</p> + +<p><b>Bimbister</b> (<i>Margery</i>), the old Ranzelman's spouse.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>The Pirate</i> (time, William III.).</p> + +<p><b>Bind'loose</b> (<i>John</i>), sheriff's clerk and banker at Marchthorn.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's Well</i> (time, George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Bingen</b> (<i>Bishop of</i>), generally called bishop Hatto. The tale is +that during a famine, he invited the poor to his barn on a certain day, +under the plea of distributing corn to them; but when the barn was +crowded he locked the door and set fire to the building; for which +iniquity he was himself devoured by an army of mice or rats. His castle +is the Mouse-tower on the Rhine.</p> + +They almost devour me with kisses,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Their arms about me entwine,</span><br> +Till I think of the bishop of Bingen,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In his Mouse-tower on the Rhine.</span><br> +<br> +Longfellow, <i>Birds of Passage</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Binks</b> (<i>Sir Bingo</i>), a fox-hunting baronet, and visitor at the Spa.</p> + +<p><i>Lady Binks</i>, wife of sir Bingo, but before marriage Miss Rachael +Bonnyrigg. Visitor at the Spa with her husband.—Sir W. Scott, <i>St. +Ronan's Well</i> (time, Greorge III.).</p> + +<p><b>Bi'on</b>, the rhetorician, noted for his acrimonious and sharp +sayings.</p> + +Bioneis sermonibus et sale nigro.<br> +<br> +Horace, <i>Epist</i>. ii. 2, 60.<br> + +<p><b>Biondel'lo</b>, one of the servants of Lucentio the future husband of +Bianca (sister of "the shrew"). His fellow-servant is +Tra'nio.—Shakespeare, <i>Taming of the Shrew</i> (1594).</p> + +<p><b>Biorn</b>, the son of Heriulf, a Northman, who first touched the shores +of the New World.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Across the unpathwayed seas,</span><br> +Shot the brave prow that cut on Vinland sands<br> +The first rune in the Saga of the West.<br> + +<p>James Russell Lowell, <i>The Voyage to Vinland</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Birch</b> (<i>Harvey</i>), a prominent character in <i>The Spy</i>, a novel by +J.F. Cooper.</p> + +<p><b>Bird</b> (<i>My</i>). Fanny Forester (Emily Chubbuck Judson) thus addressed +her baby daughter (1848).</p> + +There's not in Ind a lovelier bird:<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Broad earth owns not a happier nest.</span><br> +Oh, God! Thou hast a fountain stirred<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Whose waters never more shall rest.</span><br> +<br> +<hr style="width: 45%;"><br> +The pulse first caught its tiny stroke.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The blood its crimson hue from mine;</span><br> +The life which I have dared invoke<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henceforth is parallel with THINE!</span><br> + +<p><i>Bird (The Little Green)</i>, of the frozen regions, which could reveal +every secret and impart information of events past, present, or to come. +Prince Chery went in search of it, so did his two cousins, Brightsun and +Felix; last of all Fairstar, who succeeded in obtaining it, and +liberating the princes who had failed in their attempts.—Comtesse +D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> ("Princess Chery," 1682).</p> + +<p>This tale is a mere reproduction of "The Two Sisters," the last tale of +the <i>Arabian Nights</i>, in which the bird is called "Bulbulhezar, the +talking bird."</p> + +<p><b>Bird Singing to a Monk.</b> The monk was Felix.—Longfellow, <i>Golden +Legend</i>, ii.</p> + +<p><b>Bire'no</b>, the lover and subsequent husband of Olympia queen of +Holland. He was taken prisoner by Cymosco king of Friza, but was +released by Orlando. Bireno, having forsaken Olympia, was put to death +by Oberto king of Ireland, who married the young widow.—Ariosto, +<i>Orlando Furioso</i>, iv. v. (1516).</p> + +<p><i>Bire'no</i> (<i>Duke</i>), heir to the crown of Lombardy. It is the king's wish +that he should marry Sophia, his only child, but the princess loves +Pal'adore (3 <i>syl</i>.), a Briton. Bireno has a mistress named Alin'da, +whom he induces to personate the princess, and in Paladore's presence +she casts down a rope-ladder for the duke to climb up by. Bireno has +Alinda murdered to prevent the deception being known, and accuses the +princess of unchastity—a crime in Lombardy punished by death. As the +princess is led to execution, Paladore challenges the duke, and kills +him. The villainy is fully revealed, and the princess is married to the +man of her choice, who had twice saved her life.—Robert Jephson, <i>The +Law of Lombardy</i> (1779).</p> + +<p><b>Birmingham Poet</b> (<i>The</i>), John Freeth, the wit, poet, and publican, +who wrote his own songs; set them to music, and sang them (1730-1808).</p> + +<p><b>Biron</b>, a merry mad-cap young lord, in attendance on Ferdinand king +of Navarre. Biron promises to spend three years with the king in study, +during which time no woman is to approach his court; but no sooner has +he signed the compact, than he falls in love with Rosaline. Rosaline +defers his suit for twelve months and a day, saying, "If you my favor +mean to get, for twelve months seek the weary beds of people sick."</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">A merrier man,</span><br> +Within the limit of becoming mirth,<br> +I never spent an hour's talk withal.<br> +His eye begets occasion for his wit:<br> +For every object that the one doth catch,<br> +The other turns to a mirth-moving jest;<br> +Which his fair tongue (conceit's expositor)<br> +Delivers in such apt and gracious words,<br> +That agéd ears play truant at his tales,<br> +And younger hearings are quite ravished.<br> + +<p>Shakespeare, <i>Love's Labor's Lost</i>, act ii. sc. 1 +(1594).</p> + +<p><i>Biron</i> (<i>Charles de Gontaut due de</i>), greatly beloved by Henri IV. of +France. He won immortal laurels at the battles of Arques and Ivry, and +at the sieges of Paris and Rouen. The king loaded him with honors: he +was admiral of France, marshal, governor of Bourgoyne, duke and peer of +France. This too-much honor made him forget himself, and he entered into +a league with Spain and Savoy against his country. The plot was +discovered by Lafin; and although Henri wished to pardon him, he was +executed (1602, aged 40).</p> + +<p>George Chapman has made him the subject of two tragedies, entitled +<i>Biron's Conspiracy</i> and <i>Biron's Tragedy</i> (1557-1634).</p> + +<p><i>Biron</i>, eldest son of count Baldwin, who disinherited him for marrying +Isabella, a nun. Biron now entered the army and was sent to the siege of +Candy, where he fell, and it was supposed died. After the lapse of seven +years, Isabella, reduced to abject poverty, married Villeroy (2 <i>syl</i>.), +but the day after her espousals Biron returned, whereupon Isabella went +mad and killed herself.—Thomas Southern, <i>Isabella, or the Fatal +Marriage</i>.</p> + +During the absence of the elder Macready, his<br> +son took the part of "Biron" in <i>Isabella</i>. The<br> +father was shocked, because he desired his son<br> +for the Church; but Mrs. Siddons remarked to<br> +him, "In the Church your son will live and die<br> +a curate on £50 a year, but if successful, the<br> +stage will bring him in a thousand."—Donaldson,<br> +<i>Recollections</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Birtha</b>, the motherless daughter and only child of As'tragon the +Lombard philosopher. In spring she gathered blossoms for her father's +still, in autumn, berries, and in summer, flowers. She fell in love with +duke Grondibert, whose wounds she assisted her father to heal. Birtha, +"in love unpractised and unread," is the beau-ideal of innocence and +purity of mind. Grondibert had just plighted his love to her when he was +summoned to court, for king Aribert had proclaimed him his successor and +future son-in-law. Gondibert assured Birtha he would remain true to her, +and gave her an emerald ring which he told her would lose its lustre if +he proved untrue. Here the tale breaks off, and as it was never finished +the sequel is not known.—Sir W. Davenant, <i>Gondibert</i> (died 1668).</p> + +<p><b>Bishop Middleham</b>, who was always declaiming against ardent drinks, +and advocating water as a beverage, killed himself by secret +intoxication.</p> + +<p><b>Bishops.</b> The seven who refused to read the declaration of +indulgence published by James II. and were by him imprisoned for +recusancy, were archbishop Sancroft <i>(Canterbury)</i>, bishops Lloyd <i>(St. +Asaph)</i>, Turner <i>(Ely)</i>, Kew <i>(Bath and Wells)</i>, White <i>(Peterborough)</i>, +Lake <i>(Chichester)</i>, Trelawney <i>(Bristol).</i> Being tried, they were all +acquitted (June, 1688).</p> + +<p><b>Bisto'nians,</b> the Thracians, so called from Biston (son of Mars), +who built Bisto'nia on lake Bis'tonis.</p> + +So the Bistonian race, a maddening train,<br> +Exult and revel on the Thracian plain.<br> + +<p>Pitt's <i>Statius</i>, ii.</p> + +<p><b>Bit'elas</b>(3 <i>syl</i>.), sister of Fairlimb, and daughter of Rukenaw the +ape, in the beast-epic called <i>Reynard the Fox</i> (1498).</p> + +<p><b>Bit'tlebrains</b> <i>(Lord)</i>, friend of sir William Ashton, lord-keeper +of Scotland.</p> + +<p><i>Lady Bittlebrains</i>, wife of the above lord.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Bride +of Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p> + +<p><b>Bit'zer,</b> light porter in Bounderby's bank at Coketown. He is +educated at M'Choakumchild's "practical school," and becomes a general +spy and informer. Bitzer finds out the robbery of the bank, and +discovers the perpetrator to be Tom Gradgrind (son of Thomas Gradgrind, +Esq., M.P.), informs against him, and gets promoted to his place.—C. +Dickens, <i>Hard Times</i> (1854).</p> + +<p><b>Bizarre</b> <i>[Be.zar'(1)]</i>, the friend of Orian'a, forever coquetting +and sparring with Duretete <i>[Dure.tait]</i>, and placing him in awkward +predicaments.—G.K. Farquhar, <i>The Inconstant</i> (1702).</p> + +<p><b>Black Ag'nes</b>, the countess of March, noted for her defence of +Dunbar during the war which Edward III. maintained in Scotland +(1333-1338).</p> +<br> + +<p>Sir Walter Scott says: "The countess was +called 'Black Agnes' from her complexion. She +was the daughter of Thomas Randolph, earl of +Murray."—<i>Tales of a Grandfather</i>, i. 14. (See +BLACK PRINCE.)</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Black Colin Campbell</b>, general Campbell, in the army of George III., +introduced by sir W. Scott in <i>Redgauntlet</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Black Douglas</b>, William Douglas, lord of Nithsdale, who died 1390.</p> + +He was tall, strong, and well made, of a swarthy<br> +complexion, with dark hair, from which he was<br> +called "The Black Douglas."—Sir Walter Scott,<br> +<i>Tales of a Grandfather</i>, xi.<br> + +<p><b>Black Dwarf</b> (<i>The</i>), of sir Walter Scott, is meant for David +Ritchie, whose cottage was and still is on Manor Water, in the county of +Peebles.</p> + +<p><b>Black-eyed Susan</b>, one of Dibdin's sea-songs.</p> + +<p><b>Black George</b>, the gamekeeper in Fielding's novel, called <i>The +History of Tom Jones, a Foundling</i> (1750).</p> + +<p><i>Black George</i>, Greorge Petrowitsch of Servia, a brigand; called by the +Turks <i>Kara George</i>, from the terror he inspired.</p> + +<p><b>Black Horse</b> (<i>The</i>), the 7th Dragoon Guards (<i>not</i> the 7th +Dragoons). So called because their facings (or collar and cuffs) are +black velvet. Their plumes are black and white; and at one time their +horses were black, or at any rate dark.</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Black Knight of the Black Lands</b> (<i>The</i>), sir Pereard. Called by +Tennyson "Night" <i>or</i> "Nox." He was one of the four brothers who kept +the passages of Castle Dangerous, and was overthrown by sir Gareth.—Sir +T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 126 (1470); Tennyson, <i>Idylls</i> +("Gareth and Lynette").</p> + +<p><b>Black Lord Clifford</b>, John ninth lord Clifford, son of Thomas lord +Clifford. Also called "The Butcher" (died 1461).</p> + +<p><b>Black Prince</b>, Edward prince of Wales, son of Edward III. Froissart +says he was styled <i>black</i> "by terror of his arms" (c. 169). Similarly, +lord Clifford was called "The Black Lord Clifford" for his cruelties +(died 1461). George Petrowitsch was called by the Turks "Black George" +from the terror of his name. The countess of March was called "Black +Agnes" from the terror of her deeds, and not (as sir W. Scott says) from +her dark complexion. Similarly, "The Black Sea," or Axinus, as the +Greeks once called it, received its name from the inhospitable character +of the Scythians.</p> + +<p><b>Black'acre</b> (<i>Widow</i>), a masculine, litigious, pettifogging, +headstrong woman.—Wycherly, <i>The Plain Dealer</i> (1677).</p> + +<p><b>Blackchester</b> (<i>The countess of</i>), sister of lord Dalgarno.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Fortunes of Nigel</i> (time, James I.).</p> + +<p><b>Blackguards</b> (Victor Hugo says), soldiers condemned for some offence +in discipline to wear their red coats (which were lined with black) +inside out. The French equivalent, he says, is <i>Blaqueurs.—L'Homme qui +Rit</i>, II. in. 1.</p> + +<p>It is quite impossible to believe this to be the true derivation of the +word. Other suggestions will be found in the <i>Dictionary of Phrase and +Fable</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Blackless</b> (<i>Tomalin</i>), a soldier in the guard of Richard Coeur de +Lion.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Talisman</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Blackmantle</b> (<i>Bernard</i>), Charles Molloy Westmacott, author of <i>The +English Spy</i> (1826).</p> + +<p><b>Black'pool</b> (<i>Stephen</i>), a power-loom weaver in Bounderby's mill at +Coketown. He had a knitted brow and pondering expression of face, was a +man of the strictest integrity, refused to join the strike, and was +turned out of the mill. When Tom Gradgrind robbed the bank of £150, he +threw suspicion on Stephen Blackpool, and while Stephen was hastening to +Coketown to vindicate himself he fell into a shaft, known as "the Hell +Shaft," and although rescued, died on a litter. Stephen Blackpool loved +Rachael, one of the hands, but had already a drunken, worthless +wife.—C. Dickens, <i>Hard Times</i> (1854).</p> + +<p><b>Blacksmith</b> (<i>The Flemish</i>), Quentin Matsys, the Dutch painter +(1460-1529).</p> + +<p><i>Blacksmith</i> (<i>The Learned</i>), Elihu Burritt, United States (1810-1879).</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Blackwood's Magazine.</b> The vignette on the wrapper of this magazine +is meant for George Buchanan, the Scotch historian and poet (1506-1582). +He is the representative of Scottish literature generally.</p> + +<p>The magazine originated in 1817 with William Blackwood of Edinburgh, +publisher.</p> + +<p><b>Blad'derskate</b> (<i>Lord</i>) and lord Kaimes, the two judges in Peter +Peeble's lawsuit.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Blade o' Grass</b>, child of the gutter, bright, saucy, and +warm-hearted. She is taken from her wretched environment by +philanthropists, who would aid her to lead a different life. However +great the outward change, she is ever Bohemian at heart.—B.L. Farjeon, +<i>Blade o' Grass</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bla'dud</b>, father of king Lear. Geoffrey of Monmouth says that "This +Prince Bladud was a very ingenious man and taught necromancy in his +kingdom; nor did he leave off pursuing his magic operations till he +attempted to fly to the upper regions of the air with wings which he had +prepared, and fell down upon the temple of Apollo in the city of +Trinovantum, where he was dashed to pieces."</p> + +<p><b>Blair</b> (<i>Adam</i>), the hero of a novel by J.G. Lockhart, entitled +<i>Adam Blair, a Story of Scottish Life</i> (1794-1854).</p> + +<p><i>Blair</i> (<i>Father Clement</i>), a Carthusian monk, confessor of Catherine +Glover, "the fair maid of Perth."—Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> +(time, Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><i>Blair</i> (<i>Rev. David</i>), sir Richard Philips, author of <i>The Universal +Preceptor</i> (1816), <i>Mother's Question Book</i>, etc. He issued books under +a legion of false names.</p> + +<p><b>Blaise</b>, a hermit, who baptized Merlin the enchanter.</p> + +<p><i>Blaise</i> (<i>St.</i>), patron saint of wool-combers, because he was torn to +pieces with iron combs.</p> + +<p><b>Blake</b> (<i>Franklin</i>), handsome, accomplished, and desperately in love +with his cousin Rachel. Almost wild concerning the safety of the +Moonstone which he has conveyed to her, he purloins it while under the +influence of opium, taken to relieve insomnia, and gives it to the +plausible villain of the book—Godfrey Ablewhite. The latter pawns it to +pay his debts, and is murdered by East Indians, who believe that he +still has the gem.—Wilkie Collins, <i>The Moonstone</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Blanche</b> (1 <i>syl.</i>), one of the domestics of lady Eveline "the +betrothed."—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p> + +<p><i>Blanche</i> (<i>La reine</i>), the queen of France during the first six weeks +of her widowhood. During this period of mourning she spent her time in a +closed room, lit only by a wax taper, and was dressed wholly in white. +Mary, the widow of Louis XII., was called <i>La reine Blanche</i> during her +days of mourning, and is sometimes (but erroneously) so called +afterwards.</p> + +<p><i>Blanche (Lady)</i> makes a vow with lady Anne to die an old maid, and of +course falls over head and ears in love with Thomas Blount, a jeweller's +son, who enters the army, and becomes a colonel. She is very handsome, +ardent, brilliant, and fearless.—S. Knowles, <i>Old Maids</i> (1841).</p> + +<p><b>Blanche Lombard,</b> girl of the period, who solaces herself for the +apparent defection of one lover by flirting with a new acquaintance; +registered in his note-book as "Blonde; superb physique; fine animal +spirits; giggles."—Robert Grant, <i>The Knave of Hearts</i> (1886).</p> + +<p><b>Blanche´fleur</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), the heroine of Boccaccio's prose romance +called <i>Il Filopoco</i>. Her lover Flores is Boccaccio himself, and +Blanchefleur was the daughter of king Robert. The story of Blanchefleur +and Flores is substantially the same as that of <i>Dor´igen and +Aurelius</i>, by Chaucer, and that of "Diano´ra and Ansaldo," in the +<i>Decameron</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bland´mour</b> (<i>Sir</i>), a man of "mickle might," who "bore great sway +in arms and chivalry," but was both vainglorious and insolent. He +attacked Brit´omart, but was discomfited by her enchanted spear; he next +attacked sir Ferraugh, and having overcome him took him from the lady +who accompanied him, "the False Florimel."—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iv. +1 (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Blande´ville</b> (<i>Lady Emily</i>), a neighbor of the Waverley family, +afterwards married to colonel Talbot.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Waverley</i> (time, +George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Bland´ford,</b> the father of Belin´da, who he promised sir William +Bellmont should marry his son George. But Belinda was in love with +Beverley, and George Bellmont with Clarissa (Beverley's sister). +Ultimately matters arranged themselves, so that the lovers married +according to their inclinations.—A. Murphy, <i>All in the Wrong</i> (1761).</p> + +<p><b>Blan´diman,</b> the faithful man-servant of the fair Bellisant, and her +attendant after her divorce.—<i>Valentine and Orson</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Blandi´na,</b> wife of the churlish knight Turpin, who refused +hospitality to sir Calepine and his lady Sere´na (canto 3). She had "the +art of a suasive tongue," and most engaging manners, but "her words were +only words, and all her tears were water" (canto 7).—Spenser, <i>Faëry +Queen</i>, iv. (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Blandish,</b> a "practised parasite." His sister says to him, "May you +find but half your own vanity in those you have to work on!" (act i. 1).</p> + +<p><i>Miss Letitia Blandish</i>, sister of the above, a fawning timeserver, who +sponges on the wealthy. She especially toadies to Miss Alscrip "the +heiress," flattering her vanity, fostering her conceit, and encouraging +her vulgar affectations.—General Burgoyne, <i>The Heiress</i> (1781).</p> + +<p><b>Blane</b> (<i>Niell</i>), town piper and publican.</p> + +<p><i>Jenny Blane</i>, his daughter.—Sir W, Scott, <i>Old Mortality</i> (time, +Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Bla´ney,</b> a wealthy heir, ruined by dissipation.—Crabbe, <i>Borough</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Blarney</b> (<i>Lady</i>), one of the flash women introduced by squire +Thornhill to the Primrose family.—Goldsmith, <i>Vicar of Wakefield</i> +(1765).</p> + +<p><b>Blas´phemous Balfour.</b> Sir James Balfour, the Scottish judge, was so +called from his apostacy (died 1583).</p> + +<p><b>Bla´tant Beast</b> (<i>The</i>), the personification of slander or public +opinion. The beast had 100 tongues and a sting. Sir Artegal muzzled the +monster, and dragged it to Faëry-land, but it broke loose and regained +its liberty. Subsequently sir Cal´idore (<i>3 syl.</i>) went in quest of +it.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, v. and vi. (1596).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> "Mrs. Grundy" is the modern name of Spenser's "Blatant +Beast."</p> + +<p><b>Blath´ers and Duff,</b> detectives who investigate the burglary in +which Bill Sikes had a hand. Blathers relates the tale of Conkey +Chickweed, who robbed himself of 327 guineas.—C. Dickens, <i>Oliver +Twist</i> (1837).</p> + +<p><b>Blat´tergrowl</b> (<i>The Rev. Mr.</i>), minister of Trotcosey, near +Monkbarns.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Antiquary</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><b>Bleeding-heart Yard</b> (London). So called because it was the place +where the devil cast the bleeding heart of lady Hatton (wife of the +dancing chancellor), after he had torn it out of her body with his +claws.—Dr. Mackay, <i>Extraordinary Popular Delusions</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bleise</b> (1 <i>syl.</i>) of Northumberland, historian of king Arthur's +period.</p> + +<p><b>Blem´myes</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), a people of Africa, fabled to have no head, +but having eyes and mouth in the breast. (See GAOKA.)</p> + +Blemmyis traduntur capita abesse, ore et oculis<br> +pectori affixis.—Pliny.<br> + +<p>Ctesias speaks of a people of India near the Gangês, <i>sine cervice, +oculos in humeris habentes</i>. Mela also refers to a people <i>quibus capita +et vultus in pectore sunt</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Blenheim Spaniels.</b> The Oxford electors are so called, because for +many years they obediently supported any candidate which the duke of +Marlborough commanded them to return. Lockhart broke through this custom +by telling the people the fable of the <i>Dog and the Wolf</i>. The dog, it +will be remembered, had on his neck the marks of his collar, and the +wolf said he preferred liberty.</p> + +<p>(The race of the little dog called the Blenheim spaniel, has been +preserved ever since Blenheim House was built for the duke of +Marlborough in 1704.)</p> + +<p><b>Blet´son</b> (<i>Master Joshua</i>), one of the three parliamentary +commissioners sent by Cromwell with a warrant to leave the royal lodge +to the Lee family.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i> (time, Commonwealth).</p> + +<p><b>Bli´fil,</b> a noted character in Fielding's novel entitled <i>The +History of Tom Jones, a Foundling</i> (1750).</p> + +<p>¤¤¤ Blifil is the original of Sheridan's "Joseph Surface" in the <i>School +for Scandal</i> (1777).</p> + +<p><b>Bligh</b> (<i>William</i>), captain of the <i>Bounty</i>, so well known for the +mutiny, headed by Fletcher Christian, the mate (1790).</p> + +<p><b>Blimber</b> (<i>Dr.</i>), head of a school for the sons of gentlemen, at +Brighton. It was a select school for ten pupils only; but there was +learning enough for ten times ten. "Mental green peas were produced at +Christmas, and intellectual asparagus all the year round." The doctor +was really a ripe scholar, and truly kind-hearted; but his great fault +was over-tasking his boys, and not seeing when the bow was too much +stretched. Paul Dombey, a delicate lad, succumbed to this strong mental +pressure.</p> + +<p><i>Mrs. Blimber</i>, wife of the doctor, not learned, but wished to be +thought so. Her pride was to see the boys in the largest possible +collars and stiffest possible cravats, which she deemed highly +classical.</p> + +<p><i>Cornelia Blimber</i>, the doctor's daughter, a slim young lady, who kept +her hair short and wore spectacles. Miss Blimber "had no nonsense about +her," but had grown "dry and sandy with working in the graves of dead +languages." She married Mr. Feeder, B.A., Dr. Blimber's usher.—C. +Dickens, <i>Dombey and Son</i> (1846).</p> + +<p><b>Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green,</b> Henry, son and heir of sir Simon de +Montfort. At the battle of Evesham the barons were routed, Montfort +slain, and his son Henry left on the field for dead. A baron's daughter +discovered the young man, nursed him with care, and married him. The +fruit of the marriage was "pretty Bessee, the beggar's daughter." Henry +de Montfort assumed the garb and semblance of a blind beggar, to escape +the vigilance of king Henry's spies.</p> + +<p>Day produced, in 1659, a drama called <i>The Blind Beggar of Bethnal +Green</i>, and S. Knowles, in 1834, produced his amended drama on the same +subject. There is [or was], in the Whitechapel Road a public-house sign +called the Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green.—<i>History of Sign-boards.</i></p> + +<p><b>Blind Emperor</b> (<i>The</i>), Ludovig III. of Germany (880, 890-934).</p> + +<p><b>Blind Harper</b> (<i>The</i>), John Parry, who died 1739.</p> + +<p>John Stanley, mnsician and composer, was blind from his birth +(1713-1786).</p> + +<p><b>Blind Harry,</b> a Scotch minstrel of the fifteenth century, blind from +infancy. His epic of <i>Sir William Wallace</i> runs to 11,861 lines. He was +minstrel in the court of James IV.</p> + +<p><b>Blind Mechanician</b> (<i>The</i>). John Strong, a great mechanical genius, +was blind from his birth. He died at Carlisle, aged sixty-six +(1732-1798).</p> + +<p><b>Blind Poet</b> (<i>The</i>), Luigi Groto, an Italian poet called <i>Il Cieco</i> +(1541-1585). John Milton (1608-1674).</p> + +<p>Homer is called <i>The Blind Old Bard</i> (fl. B.C. 960).</p> + +<p><b>Blind Traveller</b> (<i>The</i>), lieutenant James Holman. He became blind +at the age of twenty-five, but, notwithstanding, travelled round the +world, and published an account of his travels (1787-1857).</p> + +<p><b>Blin´kinsop,</b> a smuggler in <i>Redgauntlet</i>, a novel by sir W. Scott +(time, George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Blister,</b> the apothecary, who says, "Without physicians, no one +could know whether he was well or ill." He courts Lucy by talking shop +to her.—Fielding, <i>The Virgin Unmasked</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Blithe-Heart King</b> (<i>The</i>). David is so called by Caedmon.</p> + +Those lovely lyrics written by his hand<br> +Whom Saxon Caedmon calls "The Blithe-heart King."<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Longfellow, <i>The Poet's Tale</i> (ref. is to <i>Psalm</i></span><br> +cxlviii. 9).<br> + +<p><b>Block</b> (<i>Martin</i>), one of the committee +of the Estates of Burgundy, who refuse +supplies to Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> +(time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Blok</b> (<i>Nikkel</i>), the butcher, one of the insurgents at Liege.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Quentin Durward</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Blondel de Nesle</b> [<i>Neel</i>], the favorite trouvère or minstrel of +Richard Coeur de Lion. He chanted the <i>Bloody Vest</i> in presence of queen +Berengaria, the lovely Edith Plantagenet.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Talisman</i> +(time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Blon´dina,</b> the mother of Fairstar and two boys at one birth. She +was the wife of a king, but the queen-mother hated her, and taking away +the three babes substituted three puppies. Ultimately her children were +restored to her, and the queen-mother with her accomplices were duly +punished.—Comtesse D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> ("Princess Fairstar," 1682).</p> + +<p><b>Blood</b> (<i>Colonel Thomas</i>), emissary of the duke of Buckingham +(1628-1680), introduced by sir W. Scott in <i>Peveril of the Peak</i>, a +novel (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Bloods</b> (<i>The Five</i>): (1) The O'Neils of Ulster; (2) the O'Connors +of Connaught; (3) the O'Brians of Thomond; (4) the O'Lachlans of Meath; +and (5) the M'Murroughs of Leinster. These are the five principal septs +or families of Ireland, and all not belonging to one of these five septs +are accounted aliens or enemies, and could "neither sue nor be sued," +even down to the reign of Elizabeth.</p> + +<p>William Fitz-Roger, being arraigned (4th Edward II.) for the murder of +Roger de Cantilon, pleads that he was not guilty of felony, because his +victim was not of "free blood," <i>i.e.</i> one of the "five bloods of +Ireland." The plea is admitted by the jury to be good.</p> + +<p><b>Bloody</b> (<i>The</i>), Otho II. emperor of Germany (955, 973-983).</p> + +<p><b>Bloody-Bones,</b> a bogie.</p> + +As bad as Bloody-bones or Lunsford (<i>i.e.</i> sir<br> +Thomas Lunsford, governor of the Tower, the<br> +dread of every one).—S. Butler, <i>Hudibras</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Bloody Brother</b> (<i>The</i>), a tragedy by Beaumont and Fletcher (1639). +The "bloody brother" is Rollo duke of Normandy, who kills his brother +Otto and several other persons, but is himself killed ultimately by +Hamond captain of the guard.</p> + +<p><b>Bloody Butcher</b> (<i>The</i>), the duke of Cumberland, second son of +George II., so called from his barbarities in the suppression of the +rebellion in favor of Charles Edward, the young pretender. "Black +Clifford" was also called "The Butcher" for his cruelties (died 1461).</p> + +<p><b>Bloody Hand,</b> Cathal, an ancestor of the O'Connors of Ireland.</p> + +<p><b>Bloody Mary,</b> queen Mary of England, daughter of Henry VIII. and +elder half-sister of queen Elizabeth. So called on account of the +sanguinary persecutions carried on by her government against the +protestants. It is said that 200 persons were burned to death in her +short reign (1516,1553-1558).</p> + +<p><b>Bloomfield</b> (<i>Louisa</i>), a young lady engaged to lord Totterly the +beau of sixty, but in love with Charles Danvers the embryo +barrister.—C. Selby, <i>The Unfinished Gentleman</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Blount</b> (<i>Nicholas</i>), afterwards knighted; master of the horse to +the earl of Sussex.</p> + +<p>—Sir W. Scott, <i>Kenilworth</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><i>Blount</i> (<i>Sir Frederick</i>), a distant relative of sir John Vesey. He had +a great objection to the letter <i>r</i>, which he considered "wough and +wasping." He dressed to perfection, and though not "wich," prided +himself on having the "best opewa-box, the best dogs, the best horses, +and the best house" of any one. He liked Greorgina Vesey, and as she had +£10,000 he thought he should do himself no harm by "mawy-wing the +girl."—Lord E. Bulwer Lytton, <i>Money</i> (1840).</p> + +<p><i>Blount</i> (<i>Master</i>), a wealthy jeweller of Ludgate Hill, London. An +old-fashioned tradesman, not ashamed of his calling. He had two sons, +John and Thomas; the former was his favorite.</p> + +<p><i>Mistress Blount</i>, his wife. A shrewd, discerning woman, who loved her +son Thomas, and saw in him the elements of a rising man.</p> + +<p><i>John Blount</i>, eldest son of the Ludgate jeweller. Being left successor +to his father, he sold the goods and set up for a man of fashion and +fortune. His vanity and snobbism were most gross. He had good-nature, +but more cunning than discretion, thought himself far-seeing, but was +most easily duped. "The phaeton was built after my design, my lord," he +says, "mayhap your lordship has seen it." "My taste is driving, my lord, +mayhap your lordship has seen me handle the ribbons." "My horses are all +bloods, mayhap your lordship has noticed my team." "I pride myself on my +seat in the saddle, mayhap your lordship has seen me ride." "If I am +superlative in anything, 'its in my wines." "So please your ladyship, +'tis dress I most excel in ... 'tis walking I pride myself in." No +matter what is mentioned, 'tis the one thing he did or had better than +any one else. This conceited fool was duped into believing a parcel of +men-servants to be lords and dukes, and made love to a lady's maid, +supposing her to be a countess.</p> + +<p><i>Thomas Blount</i>, John's brother, and one of nature's gentlemen. He +entered the army, became a colonel, and married lady Blanche. He is +described as having "a lofty forehead for princely thought to dwell in, +eyes for love or war, a nose of Grecian mould with touch of Rome, a +mouth like Cupid's bow, ambitious chin dimpled and knobbed."—S. +Knowles, <i>Old Maids</i> (1841).</p> + +<p><b>Blouzelin´da</b> or BLOWZELINDA, a shepherdess in love with Lobbin +Clout, in <i>The Shepherd's Week</i>.</p> + +My Blouzelinda is the blithest lass,<br> +Than primrose sweeter, or the clover-grass.<br> +My Blouzelind's than gilliflower more fair,<br> +Than daisie, marygold, or kingcup rare.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Gay, <i>Pastoral</i>, i. (1714).</span><br> +<br> +Sweet is my toil when Blowzelind is near,<br> +Of her bereft 'tis winter all the year ...<br> +Come, Blowzelinda, ease thy swain's desire,<br> +My summer's shadow, and my winter's fire.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 15em;">Ditto.</span><br> + +<p><b>Blower</b> (<i>Mrs. Margaret</i>), the shipowner's widow at the Spa. She +marries Dr. Quackleben, "the man of medicine" (one of the managing +committee at the Spa).—Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's Well</i> (time, George +III.).</p> + +<p><b>Blucher</b> was nicknamed "Marshal Forward" for his dash and readiness +in the campaign of 1813.</p> + +<p><b>Blue Beard</b> (<i>La Barbe Bleue</i>), from the <i>contes</i> of Charles +Perrault (1697). The chevalier Raoul is a merciless tyrant, with a blue +beard. His young wife is entrusted with all the keys of the castle, with +strict injunctions on pain of death not to open one special room. During +the absence of her lord the "forbidden fruit" is too tempting to be +resisted, the door is opened, and the young wife finds the floor covered +with the dead bodies of her husband's former wives. She drops the key in +her terror, and can by no means obliterate from it the stain of blood. +Blue Beard, on his return, commands her to prepare for death, but by the +timely arrival of her brothers her life is saved and Blue Beard put to +death.</p> + +<p>Dr. C. Taylor thinks Blue Beard is a type of the castle-lords in the +days of knight-errantry. Some say Henry VIII. (the noted wife-killer) +was the "academy figure." Others think it was Giles de Retz, marquis de +Laval, marshal of France in 1429, who (according to Mézeray) murdered +six of his seven wives, and was ultimately strangled in 1440.</p> + +<p>Another solution is that Blue Beard was count Conomar´, and the young +wife Triphy´na, daughter of count Guerech. Count Conomar was lieutenant +of Brittany in the reign of Childebert. M. Hippolyte Violeau assures us +that in 1850, during the repairs of the chapel of St. Nicolas de Bieuzy, +some ancient frescoes were discovered with scenes from the life of St. +Triphyna: (1) The marriage; (2) the husband taking leave of his young +wife and entrusting to her a key; (3) a room with an open door, through +which are seen the corpses of seven women hanging; (4) the husband +threatening his wife, while another female [<i>sister Anne</i>] is looking +out of a window above; (5) the husband has placed a halter round the +neck of his victim, but the friends, accompanied by St. Gildas, abbot of +Rhuys in Brittany, arrive just in time to rescue the future saint.— +<i>Pélerinages de Bretagne</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Blue Knight</b> (<i>The</i>), sir Persaunt of India, called by Tennyson +"Morning Star" <i>or</i> "Phosphorus." He was one of the four brothers who +kept the passages of Castle Perilous, and was overthrown by sir +Gareth.—Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 131 (1470); +Tennyson, <i>Idylls</i> ("Gareth and Lynette").</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> It is evidently a blunder in Tennyson to call the <i>Blue</i> Knight +"Morning Star," and the <i>Green</i> Knight "Evening Star." The reverse is +correct, and in the old romance the combat with the Green Knight was at +day-break, and with the Blue Knight at sunset.</p> + +<p><b>Blue-Skin,</b> Joseph Blake, an English burglar, so called from his +complexion. He was executed in 1723.</p> + +<p><b>Bluff</b> (<i>Bachelor</i>), celibate philosopher upon social, domestic, and +cognate themes.</p> + +"Give me," he says emphatically, "in our<br> +household, color and cheeriness—not cold art,<br> +nor cold pretensions of any kind, but warmth,<br> +brightness, animation. Bring in pleasing colors,<br> +choice pictures, <i>bric-à-brac</i>, and what-not. But<br> +let in, also, the sun; light the fires; and have<br> +everything for daily use."—Oliver Bell Bunce,<br> +<i>Bachelor Bluff</i> (1882).<br> + +<p><i>Bluff (Captain Noll)</i>, a swaggering bully and boaster. He says, "I +think that fighting for fighting's sake is sufficient cause for +fighting. Fighting, to me, is religion and the laws."</p> + +"You must know, sir, I was resident in Flanders<br> +the last campaign ... there was scarce<br> +anything of moment done, but a humble servant<br> +of yours ... had the greatest share in't....<br> +Well, would you think it, in all this time ...<br> +that rascally <i>Gazette</i> never so much as once mentioned<br> +me? Not once, by the wars! Took no<br> +more notice of Noll Bluff than if he had not been<br> +in the land of the living."—Congreve, <i>The Old<br> +Bachelor</i> (1693).<br> + +<p><b>Bluff Hal</b> or BLUFF HARRY, Henry VIII.</p> + +Ere yet in scorn of Peter's pence,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And numbered bead and shrift,</span><br> +Bluff Harry broke into the spence,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And turned the cowls adrift.</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Tennyson, <i>The Talking Oak</i>.</span><br> + +<p><b>Blun'derbore</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), the giant who was drowned because Jack +scuttled his boat.—<i>Jack the Giant-killer</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Blunt</b> (<i>Colonel</i>), a brusque royalist, who vows "he'd woo no +woman," but falls in love with Arbella, an heiress, woos and wins her. +T. Knight, who has converted this comedy into a farce, with the title of +<i>Honest Thieves</i>, calls colonel Blunt "captain Manly."—Hon. sir R. +Howard, <i>The Committee</i> (1670).</p> + +<p><i>Blunt</i> (<i>Major-General</i>), an old cavalry officer, rough in speech, but +brave, honest, and a true patriot.—Shadwell, <i>The Volunteers</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Blushington</b> (<i>Edward</i>), a bashful young gentleman of twenty-five, +sent as a poor scholar to Cambridge, without any expectations, but by +the death of his father and uncle, left all at once as "rich as a +nabob." At college he was called "the sensitive plant of Brazenose," +because he was always blushing. He dines by invitation at Friendly Hall, +and commits ceaseless blunders. Next day his college chum, Frank +Friendly, writes word that he and his sister Dinah, with sir Thomas and +lady Friendly, will dine with him. After a few glasses of wine, he loses +his bashful modesty, makes a long speech, and becomes the accepted +suitor of the pretty Miss Dinah Friendly.—W.T. Moncrieff, <i>The Bashful +Man</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bo</b> or <i>Boh</i>, says Warton, was a fierce Gothic chief, whose name was +used to frighten children.</p> + +<p><b>Boadicea</b>, queen of a tribe of ancient Britons. Her husband having +been killed by the Romans, she took the field in person. She was +defeated and committed suicide.</p> + +<p><b>Boaner´ges</b> (<i>4 syl.</i>), a declamatory pet parson, who anathematizes +all except his own "elect." "He preaches real rousing-up discourses, but +sits down pleasantly to his tea, and makes hisself friendly."—Mrs. +Oliphant, <i>Salem Chapel</i>.</p> + +A protestant Boanerges, visiting Birmingham,<br> +sent an invitation to Dr. Newman to dispute<br> +publicly with him in the Town Hall.—E. Yates,<br> +<i>Celebrities</i>, xxii.<br> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Boanerges or "sons of thunder" is the name given by Jesus +Christ to James and John, because they wanted to call down fire from +heaven to consume the Samaritans.—Mark iii. 17.</p> + +<p><b>Boar</b> (<i>The</i>), Richard III., so called from his cognizance.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The bristled boar,</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In infant gore,</span><br> +Wallows beneath the thorny shade.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Gray, <i>The Bard</i> (1757).</span><br> + +<p>In contempt Richard III. is called <i>The Hog</i>, hence the popular distich:</p> + +The Cat, the Rat, and Lovell the dog,<br> +Rule all England, under the Hog.<br> + +<p>("The Cat" is Catesby, and "the Rat" Ratcliffe).</p> + +<p><i>Boar (The Blue)</i>. This public-house sign (Westminster) is the badge of +the Veres earls of Oxford.</p> + +<p><i>The Blue Boar Lane</i> (St. Nicholas, Leicester) is so named from the +cognizance of Richard III., because he slept there the night before the +battle of Bosworth Field.</p> + +<p><b>Boar of Ardennes</b> (<i>The Wild</i>), in French <i>Le Sanglier des Ardennes</i> +(<i>2 syl.</i>), was Guillaume comte de la Marck, so called because he was as +fierce as the wild boar he delighted to hunt. The character is +introduced by sir W. Scott in <i>Quentin</i> <i>Durward</i>, under the name of +"William count of la Marck."</p> + +<p><b>Bob'adil</b>, an ignorant, shallow bully, thoroughly cowardly, but +thought by his dupes to be an amazing hero. He lodged with Cob (the +water-carrier) and his wife Tib. Master Stephen was greatly struck with +his "dainty oaths," such as "By the foot of Pharaoh!" "Body of Cæsar!" +"As I am a gentleman and a soldier!" His device to save the expense of a +standing army is inimitable for its conceit and absurdity:</p> + +<p>"I would select 19 more to myself throughout the land; gentlemen they +should be, of a good spirit and able constitution. I would choose them +by an instinct,... and I would teach them the special rules ... till +they could play <i>[fence]</i> very near as well as myself. This done, say +the enemy were 40,000 strong, we 20 would ... challenge 20 of the enemy; +... kill them; challenge 20 more, kill them; 20 more, kill them too; ... +every man his 10 a day, that's 10 score ... 200 a day; five days, a +thousand; 40,000, 40 times 5,200 days; kill them all."—Ben Jonson, +<i>Every Man in his Humour</i>, iv. 7 (1598).</p> + +<p>Since his [<i>Henry Woodward, 1717-1777</i>] time the part of "Bobadil" has +never been justly performed. It may be said to have died with him.</p> + +<p>—Dr. Doran.</p> + +<p>The name was probably suggested by Bobadilla first governor of Cuba, who +superseded Columbus sent home in chains on a most frivolous charge. +Similar characters are "Metamore" and "Scaramouch" (Molière); "Parolles" +and "Pistol" (Shakespeare); "Bessus" (Beaumont and Fletcher). (See also +BASILISCO, BOROUGHCLIFF, CAPTAIN BRAZEN, CAPTAIN NOLL BLUFF, SIR +PETRONEL FLASH, SACRIPANT, VINCENT DE LA ROSE, etc.)</p> + +<p><b>Bobolinkon.</b> Christopher Pearse +Cranch calls the bobolink:</p> + +Still merriest of the merry birds, and<br> +Pied harlequins of June.<br> +<br> +O, could I share without champagne<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Or muscadel, your frolic;</span><br> +The glad delirium of your joy,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Your fun unapostolic;</span><br> +Your drunken jargon through the fields,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Your bobolinkish gabble,</span><br> +Your fine Anacreontic glee,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Your tipsy reveller's babble!</span><br> + +<p>Christopher Pearse Cranch, <i>The Bird and the +Bell</i> (1875).</p> + +<p><b>Bodach Glay</b> or "Grey Spectre," a house demon of the Scotch, similar +to the Irish banshee.</p> + +<p><b>Bodley Family</b>, an American household, father, mother, sisters, and +brothers, whose interesting adventures at home and abroad are detailed +by Horace E. Scudder in <i>The Bodley Books</i> (1875-1887).</p> + +<p><b>Boe´mond,</b> the Christian king of Antioch, who tried to teach his +subjects arts, law, and religion. He is of the Norman race, Roge´ro's +brother, and son of Roberto Guiscar´do.—Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> +(1575).</p> + +<p><b>Boeuf</b> (<i>Front de</i>), a gigantic, ferocious follower of prince +John.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Boffin</b> (<i>Nicodemus</i>), "the golden dustman," foreman of old John +Harmon, dustman and miser. He was "a broad, round-shouldered, one-sided +old fellow, whose face was of the rhinoceros build, with overlapping +ears." A kind, shrewd man was Mr. Boffin, devoted to his wife, whom he +greatly admired. Being residuary legatee of John Harmon, dustman, he +came in for £100,000. Afterwards, John Harmon, the son, being +discovered, Mr. Boffin surrendered the property to him, and lived with +him.</p> + +<p><i>Mrs. Boffin</i>, wife of Mr. N. Boffin, and daughter of a cat's-meatman. +She was a fat, smiling, good-tempered creature, the servant of old John +Harmon, dustman and miser, and very kind to the miser's son (young John +Harmon). After Mr. Boffin came into his fortune she became "a high flyer +at fashion," wore black velvet and sable, but retained her kindness of +heart and love for her husband. She was devoted to Bella Wilfer, who +ultimately became the wife of young John Harmon, <i>alias</i> Rokesmith.—C. +Dickens, <i>Our Mutual Friend</i> (1864).</p> + +<p><b>Bo'gio,</b> one of the allies of Charlemagne. He promised his wife to +return within six months, but was slain by Dardinello.—Ariosto, +<i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Bohemian</b> (<i>A</i>), a gipsy, from the French notion that the first +gipsies came from Bohemia.</p> + +<p><i>A Literary Bohemian</i>, an author of desultory works and irregular life.</p> + +<p>Never was there an editor with less about him of the literary +Bohemian.—<i>Fortnightly Review</i> ("Paston Letters").</p> + +<p><i>Bohemian Literature</i>, desultory reading.</p> + +<p><i>A Bohemian Life</i>, an irregular, wandering, restless way of living, like +that of a gipsy.</p> + +<p><b>Bo'hemond,</b> prince of Antioch, a crusader.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Count +Robert of Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p> + +<p><b>Bois'grelin</b> (<i>The young countess de</i>), introduced in the ball given +by king René at Aix.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward +IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Bois-Guilbert</b> (<i>Sir Brian de</i>), a preceptor of the Knights +Templars. Ivanhoe vanquishes him in a tournament. He offers insult to +Rebecca, and she threatens to cast herself from the battlements if he +touches her. "When the castle is set on fire by the sibyl, sir Brian +carries off Rebecca from the flames. The Grand-Master of the Knights +Templars charges Rebecca with sorcery, and she demands a trial by +combat. Sir Brian de Bois-Guilbert is appointed to sustain the charge +against her, and Ivanhoe is her champion. Sir Brian being found dead in +the lists, Rebecca is declared innocent."—Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> time, +(Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Boisterer</b>, one of the seven attendants of Fortu´nio. His gift was +that he could overturn a windmill with his breath, and even wreck a +man-of-war.</p> + +Fortunio asked him what he was doing. "I<br> +am blowing a little, sir," answered he, "to set<br> +those mills at work." "But," said the knight,<br> +"you seem too far off." "On the contrary," replied<br> +the blower, "I am too near, for if I did not<br> +restrain my breath I should blow the mills over,<br> +and perhaps the hill too on which they stand."—Comtesse<br> +D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> ("Fortunio,"<br> +1682).<br> + +<p><b>Bold Beauchamp</b> <i>[Beech´-am]</i>, a proverbial phrase similar to "an +Achilles," "a Hector," etc. The reference is to Thomas de Beauchamp, +earl of Warwick, who, with one squire and six archers, overthrew a +hundred armed men at Hogges, in Normandy, in 1346.</p> + +So had we still of ours, in France that famous were,<br> +Warwick, of England then high-constable that was,<br> +...So hardy, great, and strong,<br> +That after of that name it to an adage grew,<br> +If any man himself adventurous happed to shew,<br> +"Bold Beauchamp" men him termed, if none so bold as he.<br> +<br> +Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xviii. (1613).<br> + +<p><b>Bold Stroke for a Husband</b>, a comedy by Mrs. Cowley. There are two +plots: one a bold stroke to get the man of one's choice for a husband, +and the other a bold stroke to keep a husband. Olivia de Zuniga fixed +her heart on Julio de Messina, and refused or disgusted all suitors till +he came forward. Donna Victoria, in order to keep a husband, disguised +herself in man's apparel, assumed the name of Florio, and made love as a +man to her husband's mistress. She contrived by an artifice to get back +an estate which don Carlos had made over to his mistress, and thus saved +her husband from ruin (1782).</p> + +<p><b>Bold Stroke for a Wife.</b> Old Lovely at death left his daughter Anne +£30,000, but with this proviso, that she was to forfeit the money if she +married without the consent of her guardians. Now her guardians were +four in number, and their characters so widely different that "they +never agreed on any one thing." They were sir Philip Modelove, an old +beau; Mr. Periwinkle, a silly virtuoso; Mr. Tradelove, a broker on +'Change; and Mr. Obadiah Prim, a hypocritical quaker. Colonel Feignwell +contrived to flatter all the guardians to the top of their bent, and won +the heiress.—Mrs. Centlivre (1717).</p> + +<p><b>Boldwood</b> (<i>Farmer</i>), one of the wooers of Bathsheba Everdene. He +serves for her seven years and loses her at last, after killing her +husband to free her from his tyranny. He is sentenced to penal servitude +"during Her Majesty's pleasure."—Thomas Hardy, <i>Far from the Madding +Crowd</i> (1874).</p> + +<p><b>Bolster</b>, a famous Wrath, who compelled St. Agnes to gather up the +boulders which infested his territory. She carried three apronfuls to +the top of a hill, hence called St. Agnes' Beacon. (See WRATH'S HOLE.)</p> + +<p><b>Bol'ton</b> (<i>Stawarth</i>), an English officer in <i>The Monastery</i>, a +novel by sir W. Scott (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><b>Bolton Ass.</b> This creature is said to have chewed tobacco and taken +snuff.—Dr. Doran.</p> + +<p><b>Bomba</b> <i>(King)</i>, a nickname given to Ferdinand II. of Naples, in +consequence of his cruel bombardment of Messi'na in 1848. His son, who +bombarded Palermo in 1860, is called <i>Bombali'no</i> ("Little Bomba").</p> + +A young Sicilian, too, was there...<br> +[<i>Who</i>] being rebellious to his liege,<br> +After Palermo's fatal siege,<br> +Across the western seas he fled<br> +In good king Bomba's happy reign.<br> +<br> +Longfellow, <i>The Wayside Inn</i> (prelude).<br> + +<p><b>Bombardin'ian,</b> general of the forces of king Chrononhotonthologos. +He invites the king to his tent, and gives him hashed pork. The king +strikes him, and calls him traitor. "Traitor, in thy teeth," replies the +general. They fight, and the king is killed.—H. Carey, +<i>Chrononhotonthologos</i> (a burlesque).</p> + +<p><b>Bombastes Furioso,</b> general of Artaxam'inous (king of Utopia). He is +plighted to Distaffi'na, but Artaxaminous promises her "half-a-crown" if +she will forsake the general for himself. "This bright reward of +ever-daring minds" is irresistible. When Bombastês sees himself flouted, +he goes mad, and hangs his boots on a tree, with this label duly +displayed:</p> + +Who dares this pair of boots displace,<br> +Must meet Bombastês face to face.<br> + +<p>The king, coming up, cuts down the boots, and Bombastês "kills him." +Fusbos, seeing the king fallen, "kills" the general; but at the close of +the farce the dead men rise one by one, and join the dance, promising, +if the audience likes, "to die again to-morrow."—W. B. Rhodes, +<i>Bombastes Furioso.</i></p> + +<p> <img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> This farce is a travesty of <i>Orlando</i> +<i>Furioso</i>, and "Distaffina" is Angelica, beloved by Orlando, whom she +flouted for Medoro, a young Moor. On this Orlando went mad, and hung up +his armor on a tree, with this distich attached thereto:</p> + +Orlando's arms let none displace,<br> +But such who'll meet him face to face.<br> + +<p>In the <i>Rehearsal</i>, by the duke of Buckingham, Bayes' troops are killed, +every man of them, by Drawcansir, but revive, and "go off on their +legs."</p> + +<p>See the translation of <i>Don Quixote</i>, by C. H. Wilmot, Esq., ii. 363 +(1764).</p> + +<p><i>Bombastes Furioso (The French)</i>, capitaine Fracasse.—Théophile +Gautier.</p> + +<p><b>Bombas'tus,</b> the family name of Paracelsus. He is said to have kept +a small devil prisoner in the pommel of his sword.</p> + +Bombastus kept a devil's bird<br> +Shut in the pommel of his sword,<br> +That taught him all the cunning pranks<br> +Of past and future mountebanks.<br> +<br> +S. Butler, <i>Hudibras</i>, ii. 3.<br> + +<p><b>Bonas'sus,</b> an imaginary wild beast, which the Ettrick shepherd +encountered. (The Ettrick shepherd was James Hogg, the Scotch +poet.)—<i>Noctes Ambrosianae</i> (No. xlviii., April, 1830).</p> + +<p><b>Bonaventu're</b> <i>(Father)</i>, a disguise assumed for the nonce by the +chevalier Charles Edward, the pretender.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> +(time, George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Bondu'ca</b> or <b>Boadice'a,</b> wife of Præsutagus king of the Ice'ni. +For the better security of his family, Præsutagus made the emperor of +Rome co-heir with his daughters; whereupon the Roman officers took +possession of his palace, gave up the princesses to the licentious +brutality of the Roman soldiers, and scourged the queen in public. +Bonduca, roused to vengeance, assembled an army, burnt the Roman +colonies of London, Colchester [<i>Camalodunum</i>], Verulam, etc., and slew +above 80,000 Romans. Subsequently, Sueto'nius Paulinus defeated the +Britons, and Bonduca poisoned herself, A.D. 61. John Fletcher wrote a +tragedy entitled <i>Bonduca</i> (1647).</p> + +<p><b>Bone-setter</b> <i>(The)</i>, Sarah Mapp (died 1736).</p> + +<p><b>Bo'ney,</b> a familiar contraction of Bo'naparte (3 <i>syl</i>.), used by +the English in the early part of the nineteenth century by way of +depreciation. Thus Thom. Moore speaks of "the infidel Boney."</p> + +<p><b>Bonhomme</b> (<i>Jacques</i>), a peasant who interferes with politics; hence +the peasants' rebellion of 1358 was called <i>La Jacquerie</i>. The words may +be rendered "Jimmy" or "Johnny Goodfellow."</p> + +<p><b>Bon'iface</b> (<i>St.</i>), an Anglo-Saxon whose name was Winifrid or +Winfrith, born in Devonshire. He was made archbishop of Mayence by pope +Gregory III., and is called "The Apostle of the Germans." St. Boniface +was murdered in Friesland by some peasants, and his day is June 5 +(680-755).</p> + +... in Friesland first St. Boniface our best,<br> +Who of the see of Mentz, while there he sat possessed,<br> +At Dockum had his death, by faithless Frisians slain.<br> +<br> +Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xxiv. (1622).<br> + +<p><i>Bon'iface</i>,(<i>Father</i>), ex-abbot of Kennaquhair. He first appears under +the name of Blinkhoodie in the character of gardener at Kinross, and +afterwards as the old gardener at Dundrennan. (<i>Kennaquhair</i>, that is, +"I know not where.")—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Abbot</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><i>Bon'iface</i> (<i>The abbot</i>), successor of the abbot Ingelram, as Superior +of St. Mary's Convent.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Monastery</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><i>Boni'face</i>, landlord of the inn at Lichfield, in league with the +highwaymen. This sleek, jolly publican is fond of the cant phrase, "as +the saying is." Thus, "Does your master stay in town, as the saying is?" +"So well, as the saying is, I could wish we had more of them." "I'm old +Will Boniface; pretty well known upon this road, as the saying is." He +had lived at Lichfield "man and boy above eight and fifty years, and not +consumed eight and fifty ounces of meat." He says:</p> + +"I have fed purely upon ale. I have eat my<br> +ale, drank my ale, and I always sleep upon my<br> +ale."—George Farquhar, <i>The Beaux' Stratagem</i>,<br> +i. I (1707).<br> + +<p><b>Bonne Reine,</b> Claude de France, daughter of Louis XII. and wife of +François I. (1499-1524).</p> + +<p><b>Bonnet Rouge,</b> a red republican, so called from the red cap of +liberty which he wore.</p> + +<p><b>Bonnibel,</b> southern beauty in Constance Cary Harrison's tale, +<i>Flower de Hundred.</i></p> + +The perfection of blonde prettiness, with a<br> +mouth like Cupid's bow, a tiny tip-tilted nose,<br> +eyes gold-brown to match her hair, a color like<br> +crushed roses in her cheeks (1891).<br> + +<p><b>Bonnivard</b> (<i>François de</i>), the prisoner of Chillon. In Byron's poem +he was one of six brothers, five of whom died violent deaths. The father +and two sons died on the battle-field; one was burnt at the stake; three +were imprisoned in the dungeon of Chillon, near the lake of Geneva. Two +of the three died, and François was set at liberty by Henri the +Bearnais. They were incarcerated by the duke-bishop of Savoy for +republican principles (1496-1570).</p> + +<p><b>Bonstet'tin</b> (<i>Nicholas</i>), the old deputy of Schwitz, and one of the +deputies of the Swiss confederacy to Charles duke of Burgundy.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Bon'temps</b> (<i>Roger</i>), the personification of that buoyant spirit +which is always "inclined to hope rather than fear," and in the very +midnight of distress is ready to exclaim, "There's a good time coming, +wait a little longer." The character is the creation of Béranger.</p> + +<br> +Vous, pauvres pleins d'envie,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Vous, riches désireux;</span><br> +Vous, dont le char dévie<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Aprés un cours heureux;</span><br> +Vous, qui perdrez peut-être<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Des titres éclatans,</span><br> +Eh gai! prenez pour maître<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Le gros Roger Bontemps.</span><br> +<br> +Béranger (1814).<br> + +<p><b>Bon'thorn</b> (<i>Anthony</i>), one of Ramorny's followers; employed to +murder Smith, the lover of Catherine Glover ("the fair maid of Perth"), +but he murdered Oliver instead, by mistake. When charged with the crime, +he demanded a trial by combat, and being defeated by Smith, confessed +his guilt and was hanged. He was restored to life, but being again +apprehended was executed.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, +Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Bon Ton</b>, a farce by Garrick. Its design is to show the evil effects +of the introduction of foreign morals and foreign manners. Lord Minikin +neglects his wife, and flirts with Miss Tittup. Lady Minikin hates her +husband, and flirts with colonel Tivy. Miss Tittup is engaged to the +colonel. Sir John Trotley, who does not understand <i>bon ton</i>, thinks +this sort of flirtation very objectionable. "You'll excuse me, for such +old-fashioned notions, I am sure" (1760).</p> + +<p><b>Boo'by</b> (<i>Lady</i>), a vulgar upstart, who tries to seduce her footman, +Joseph Andrews. Parson Adams reproves her for laughing in church. Lady +Booby is a caricature of Richardson's "Pamela."—Fielding, <i>Joseph +Andrews</i> (1742).</p> + +<p><b>Boon Island.</b> In Celia Thaxter's poem, +<i>The Watch of Boon Island</i>, is told the story +of two wedded lovers who tended the lighthouse +on Boon Island until the husband +died, when the wife</p> + +Bowed her head and let the light die out,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For the wide sea lay calm as her dead love,</span><br> +When evening fell from the far land, in doubt,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Vainly to find that faithful star men strove.</span><br> +(1874.)<br> + +<p><b>Boone</b> (1 <i>syl.</i>), colonel [afterwards "general"] Daniel Boone, in +the United States' service, was one of the earliest settlers in +Kentucky, where he signalized himself by many daring exploits against +the Red Indians (1735-1820).</p> + +Of all men, saving Sylla the man-slayer...<br> +The general Boone, the back-woodsman of Kentucky,<br> +Was happiest among mortals anywhere, etc.<br> +<br> +Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, viii. 61-65 (1821).<br> + +<p><b>Booshal'loch</b> (<i>Neil</i>), cowherd to Ian Eachin M'Ian, chief of the +clan Quhele.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Boo'tes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), Arcas son of Jupiter and Calisto. One day his +mother, in the semblance of a bear, met him, and Arcas was on the point +of killing it, when Jupiter, to prevent the murder, converted him into a +constellation, either <i>Boötês</i> or <i>Ursa Major</i>.—Pausanias, <i>Itinerary +of Greece</i>, viii. 4.</p> + +Doth not Orion worthily deserve<br> +A higher place ...<br> +Than frail Boötês, who was placed above<br> +Only because the gods did else foresee<br> +He should the murderer of his mother be?<br> +<br> +Lord Brooke, <i>Of Nobility</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Booth,</b> husband of Amelia. Said to be a drawing of the author's own +character and experiences. He has all the vices of Tom Jones, with an +additional share of meanness.—Fielding, <i>Amelia</i> (1751).</p> + +<p><b>Borach'io,</b> a follower of don John of Aragon. He is a great villain, +engaged to Margaret, the waiting-woman of Hero.—Shakespeare, <i>Much Ado +about Nothing</i> (1600).</p> + +<p><i>Borach'io</i>, a drunkard. (Spanish, <i>borracho</i>, "drunk;" <i>borrachuélo</i>, +"a tippler.")</p> + +"Why, you stink of wine! D'ye think my<br> +niece will ever endure such a borachio? You're<br> +an absolute Borachio."—W. Congreve, <i>The Way<br> +of the World</i> (1700).<br> + +<p><i>Borachio (Joseph)</i>, landlord of the Eagle Hotel, in +Salamanca.—Jephson, <i>Two Strings to your Bow</i> (1792).</p> + +<p><b>Bor'ak</b> (<i>Al</i>), the animal brought by Gabriel to convey Mahomet to +the seventh heaven. The word means "lightning." Al Borak had the face of +a man, but the cheeks of a horse; its eyes were like jacinths, but +brilliant as the stars; it had eagle's wings, glistened all over with +radiant light, and it spoke with a human voice. This was one of the ten +animals (not of the race of man) received into paradise.</p> + +<p>Borak was a fine-limbed, high-standing horse, strong in frame, and with +a coat as glossy as marble. His color was saffron, with one hair of gold +for every three of tawny; his ears were restless and pointed like a +reed; his eyes large and full of fire; his nostrils wide and steaming; +he had a white star on his forehead, a neck gracefully arched, a mane +soft and silky, and a thick tail that swept the +ground.—<i>Groquemitaine</i>. ii. 9.</p> + +<p><b>Border Minstrel</b> (<i>The</i>), sir Walter Scott (1771-1832).</p> + +My steps the Border Minstrel led.<br> + +<p>W. Wordsworth, <i>Yarrow Revisited</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bo'reas,</b> the north wind. He lived in a cave on mount Hæmus, in +Thrace.</p> + +Cease, rude Boreas, blustering railer.<br> + +<p>G. A. Stephens, <i>The Shipivreck</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bor'gia</b> <i>(Lucrezia di)</i>, duchess of Ferra'ra, wife of don Alfonso. +Her natural son Genna'ro was brought up by a fisherman in Naples, but +when he grew to manhood a stranger gave him a paper from his mother, +announcing to him that he was of noble blood, but concealing his name +and family. He saved the life of Orsi'ni in the battle of Rin'ini, and +they became sworn friends. In Venice he was introduced to a party of +nobles, all of whom had some tale to tell against Lucrezia: Orsini told +him she had murdered her brother; Vitelli, that she had caused his uncle +to be slain; Liverotto, that she had poisoned his uncle Appia'no; +Gazella, that she had caused one of his relatives to be drowned in the +Tiber. Indignant at these acts of wickedness, Gennaro struck off the B +from the escutcheon of the duke's palace at Ferrara, changing the name +Borgia into Orgia. Lucrezia prayed the duke to put to death the man who +had thus insulted their noble house, and Gennaro was condemned to death +by poison. Lucrezia, to save him, gave him an antidote, and let him out +of prison by a secret door. Soon after his liberation the princess +Negroni, a friend of the Borgias, gave a grand supper, to which Gennaro +and his companions were invited. At the close of the banquet they were +all arrested by Lucrezia after having drunk poisoned wine. Gennaro was +told he was the son of Lucrezia, and died. Lucrezia no sooner saw him +die than she died also.—Donizetti, <i>Lucrezia di Borgia</i> (an opera, +1835).</p> + +<p><b>Boros'kie</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a malicious counsellor of the great-duke of +Moscovia.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Loyal Subject</i> (1618).</p> + +<p><b>Bor'oughcliff</b> (<i>Captain</i>), a vulgar Yankee, boastful, conceited, +and slangy. "I guess," "I reckon," "I calculate," are used indifferently +by him, and he perpetually appeals to sergeant Drill to confirm his +boastful assertions: as, "I'm a pretty considerable favorite with the +ladies; arn't I, sergeant Drill?" "My character for valor is pretty well +known; isn't it, sergeant Drill?" "If you once saw me in battle, you'd +never forget it; would he, sergeant Drill?" "I'm a sort of a kind of a +nonentity; arn't I, sergeant Drill?" etc. He is made the butt of Long +Tom Coffin. Colonel Howard wishes him to marry his niece Katharine, but +the young lady has given her heart to lieutenant Barnstable, who turns +out to be the colonel's son, and succeeds at last in marrying the lady +of his affection.—E. Fitzball, <i>The Pilot</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Borre</b> (1 <i>syl</i>.), natural son of king Arthur, and one of the +knights of the Bound Table. His mother was Lyonors, an earl's daughter, +who came to do homage to the young king.—Sir T. Malory, <i>History of +Prince Arthur</i>, i. 15 (1470).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Sir Bors de Granis is quite another person, and so is +king Bors of Gaul.</p> + +<p><b>Borro'meo</b> (<i>Charles</i>), cardinal and archbishop of Milan. +Immortalized by his self-devotion in ministering at Mil'an to the +plague-stricken (1538-1584).</p> + +<p>St. Roche, who died 1327, devoted himself in a similar manner to those +stricken with the plague at Piacenza; and Mompesson to the people of +Eyam. In 1720-22 H. Francis Xavier de Belsunce was indefatigable in +ministering to the plague-stricken of Marseilles.</p> + +<p><b>Bors</b> (<i>King</i>) of Gaul, brother of king Ban of Benwicke [Brittany?]. +They went to the aid of prince Arthur when he was first established on +the British throne, and Arthur promised in return to aid them against +king Claudas, "a mighty man of men," who warred against them.—Sir T. +Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i> (1470).</p> + +<p>There are two brethren beyond the sea, and +they kings both ... the one hight king Ban of +Benwieke, and the other hight king Bors of Gaul, +that is, France.—Pt. i. 8.</p> + +<p>(Sir Bors was of Ganis, that is, Wales, and was a knight of the Round +Table. So also was Borre (natural son of prince Arthur), also called sir +Bors sometimes.)</p> + +<p><i>Bors</i> (<i>Sir</i>), called sir Bors de Ganis, brother of sir Lionell and +nephew of sir Launcelot. "For all women he was a virgin, save for one, +the daughter of king Brandeg'oris, on whom he had a child, hight Elaine; +save for her, sir Bors was a clean maid" (ch. iv.). When he went to +Corbin, and saw Galahad the son of sir Launcelot and Elaine (daughter of +king Pelles), he prayed that the child might prove as good a knight as +his father, and instantly a vision of the holy greal was vouchsafed him; +for—</p> + +There came a white dove, bearing a little censer<br> +of gold in her bill ... and a maiden that<br> +bear the Sancgreall, and she said, "Wit ye well,<br> +sir Bors, that this child ... shall achieve the<br> +Sancgreall" ... then they kneeled down ... and<br> +there was such a savor as all the spicery in the<br> +world had been there. And when the dove took<br> +her flight, the maiden vanished away with the<br> +Sancgreall.—Pt. iii. 4.<br> + +<p>Sir Bors was with sir Galahad and sir</p> + +<p>Percival when the consecrated wafer assumed the visible and bodily +appearance of the Saviour. And this is what is meant by achieving the +holy greal; for when they partook of the wafer their eyes saw the +Saviour enter it.—Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, iii. 101, +102 (1470).</p> + +<p>N.B.—This sir Bors must not be confounded with sir Borre, a natural son +of king Arthur and Lyonors (daughter of the earl Sanam, pt. i. 15), nor +yet with king Bors of Gaul, <i>i.e.</i>, France (pt. i. 8).</p> + +<p><b>Bortell</b>, the bull, in the beast-epic called <i>Reynard the Fox</i> +(1498).</p> + +<p><b>Bos'can-[Almoga'và]</b>, a Spanish poet of Barcelona (1500-1543). His +poems are generally bound up with those of Garcilasso. They introduced +the Italian style into Castilian poetry.</p> + +Sometimes he turned to gaze upon his book,<br> +Boscan, or Garcilasso.<br> + +<p>Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, i. 95 (1819).</p> + +<p><b>Boscosel</b>, mysterious being, who brings about a reunion on earth of +friends who have long ago departed for the spirit-world.—Francis Howard +Williams, <i>Boscosel</i> (1888).</p> + +<p><b>Bosmi'na</b>, daughter of Fingal king of Morven (north-west coast of +Scotland).—Ossian.</p> + +<p><b>Bos'n Hill.</b> In <i>Poems</i> by John Albee +(1883) we find a legend of a dead Bos'n +(boatswain) whose whistle calls up the dead +on stormy nights when</p> + +The wind blows wild on Bos'n Hill,<br> +<br> +But sailors know when next they sail<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Beyond the hilltop's view,</span><br> +There's one amongst them shall not fail<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To join the Bos'n's crew.</span><br> + +<p><b>Bossu</b> (<i>Réné le</i>), French scholar and critic (1631-1680).</p> + +And for the epic poem your lordship bade<br> +me look at, upon taking the length, breadth,<br> +height, and depth of it, and trying them at<br> +home upon an exact scale of Bossu's, 'tis out, my<br> +lord, in every one of its dimensions.—Sterne<br> +(1768).<br> + +<p><b>Bossut</b> (<i>Abbé Charles</i>), a celebrated mathematician (1730-1814).</p> + +<p>(Sir Richard Phillips assumed a host of popular names, among others that +of <i>M. l'Abbé Bossut</i> in several educational works in French.)</p> + +<p><b>Bosta'na</b>, one of the two daughters of the old man who entrapped +prince Assad in order to offer him in sacrifice on "the fiery mountain." +His other daughter was named Cava'ma. The old man enjoined these two +daughters to scourge the prince daily with the bastinado and feed him +with bread and water till the day of sacrifice arrived. After a time, +the heart of Bostana softened towards her captive, and she released him. +Whereupon his brother Amgiad, out of gratitude, made her his wife, and +became in time king of the city in which he was already +vizier.—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("Amgiad and Assad").</p> + +<p><b>Bostock</b>, a coxcomb, cracked on the point of aristocracy and family +birth. His one and only inquiry is "How many quarterings has a person +got?" Descent from the nobility with him covers a multitude of sins, and +a man is no one, whatever his personal merit, who "is not a sprig of the +nobility."—James Shirley, <i>The Ball</i> (1642).</p> + +<p><b>Bot'any</b> (<i>Father of English</i>), W. Turner, M.D. (1520-1568).</p> + +<p>J.P. de Tournefort is called <i>The Father of Botany</i> (1656-1708).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Antoine de Jussieu lived 1686-1758, and his brother Bernard +1699-1777.</p> + +<p><b>Bothwell</b> (<i>Sergeant</i>), <i>alias</i> Francis Stewart, in the royal +army.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Old Mortality</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><i>Bothwell (Lady)</i>, sister of lady Forester.</p> + +<p><i>Sir Geoffrey Bothwell</i>, the husband of lady Bothwell.</p> + +<p><i>Mrs. Margaret Bothwell</i>, in the introduction of the story. Aunt +Margaret proposed to use Mrs. Margaret's tombstone for her own.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Aunt Margaret's Mirror</i> (time, William III.).</p> + +<p><b>Bottled Beer</b>, Alexander Nowell, author of a celebrated Latin +catechism which first appeared in 1570, under the title of <i>Christianæ +pietatis prima Institutio, ad usum Scholarum Latine Scripta</i>. In 1560 he +was promoted to the deanery of St. Paul's (1507-1602).—Fuller, +<i>Worthies of England</i> ("Lancashire").</p> + +<p><b>Bottom</b> (<i>Nick</i>), an Athenian weaver, a compound of profound +ignorance and unbounded conceit, not without good-nature and a fair dash +of mother-wit. When the play of <i>Pyramus and Thisbe</i> is cast, Bottom +covets every part; the lion, Thisbê, Pyramus, all have charms for him. +In order to punish Titan'ia, the fairy-king made her dote on Bottom, on +whom Puck had placed an ass's head.—Shakespeare, <i>Midsummer Night's +Dream</i>.</p> + +Bottom. An' I may hide my face; let me play<br> +Thisby, too: I'll speak in a monstrous little voice.<br> +<br> +<hr style="width: 45%;"><br> +<br> +Let me play the lion, too; I will roar that I will<br> +do any man's heart good to hear me.<br> +<br> +<i>Midsummer Night's Dream</i>, i. 2.<br> + +<p><b>Boubekir' Muez'in,</b> of Bag dad, "a vain, proud, and envious iman, who +hated the rich because he himself was poor." When prince Zeyn Alasnam +came to the city, he told the people to beware of him, for probably he +was "some thief who had made himself rich by plunder." The prince's +attendant called on him, put into his hand a purse of gold, and +requested the honor of his acquaintance. Next day, after morning +prayers, the iman said to the people, "I find, my brethren, that the +stranger who is come to Bag dad is a young prince possessed of a thousand +virtues, and worthy the love of all men. Let us protect him, and rejoice +that he has come among us."—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("Prince Zeyn Alasnam").</p> + +<p><b>Bouchard</b> (<i>Sir</i>), a knight of Flanders, of most honorable descent. +He married Constance, daughter of Bertulphe provost of Bruges. In 1127 +Charles "the Good," earl of Flanders, made a law that a serf was always +a serf till manumitted, and whoever married a serf became a serf. Now, +Bertulphe's father was Thancmar's serf, and Bertulphe, who had raised +himself to wealth and great honor, was reduced to serfdom because his +father was not manumitted. By the same law Bouchard, although a knight +of royal blood became Thancmar's serf because he married Constance, the +daughter of Bertulphe (provost of Bruges). The result of this absurd law +was that Bertulphe slew the earl and then himself, Constance went mad +and died, Bouchard and Thancmar slew each other in fight, and all Bruges +was thrown into confusion.—S. Knowles, <i>The Provost of Bruges</i> (1836).</p> + +<p><b>Bou'illon</b> (<i>Godfrey duke of</i>), a crusader (1058-1100), introduced +in <i>Count Robert of Paris</i>, a novel by Sir W. Scott (time, Rufus).</p> + +<p><b>Bounce</b> (<i>Mr. T</i>.), a nickname given in 1837 to T. Barnes, editor of +the <i>Times</i> (or the <i>Turnabout</i>, as it was called).</p> + +<p><b>Bound'erby</b> (<i>Josiah</i>), of Coketown, banker and mill-owner, the +"Bully of Humility," a big, loud man, with an iron stare and metallic +laugh. Mr. Bounderby is the son of Mrs. Pegler, an old woman, to whom he +pays £30 a year to keep out of sight, and in a boasting way he pretends +that "he was dragged up from the gutter to become a millionaire." Mr. +Bounderby marries Louisa, daughter of his neighbor and friend, Thomas +Gradgrind, Esq., M.P.—C. Dickens, <i>Hard Times</i> (1854).</p> + +<p><b>Bountiful</b> (<i>Lady</i>), widow of sir Charles Bountiful. Her delight was +curing the parish sick and relieving the indigent.</p> + +"My lady Bountiful is one of the best of women.<br> +Her late husband, sir Charles Bountiful, left her<br> +with £1000 a year; and I believe she lays out<br> +one-half on't in charitable uses for the good of<br> +her neighbors. In short, she has cured more<br> +people in and about Lichfield within ten years<br> +than the doctors have killed in twenty; and that's<br> +a bold word."—George Farquhar, <i>The Beaux'<br> +Stratagem</i>, i. 1 (1705).<br> + +<p><b>Bounty</b> (<i>Mutiny of the</i>), in 1790, headed by Fletcher Christian. +The mutineers finally settled in Pitcairn Island (Polynesian +Archipelago). In 1808 all the mutineers were dead except one (Alexander +Smith), who had changed his name to John Adams, and became a model +patriarch of the colony, which was taken under the protection of the +British Government in 1839. Lord Byron, in <i>The Island</i>, has made the +"mutiny of the <i>Bounty</i>" the basis of his tale, but the facts are +greatly distorted.</p> + +<p><b>Bous'trapa,</b> a nickname given to Napoleon III. It is compounded of +the first syllables of <i>Bou</i> [logne], <i>Stra</i> [sbourg], <i>Pa</i>[ris], and +alludes to his escapades in 1836, 1840, 1851 (<i>coup d'état</i>).</p> + +<p>No man ever lived who was distinguished by more nicknames than Louis +Napoleon. Besides the one above mentioned, he was called <i>Badinguet, Man +of December, Man of Sedan, Ratipol, Verhuel</i>, etc.; and after his escape +from the fortress of Ham he went by the pseudonym of <i>count Arenenberg</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bower of Bliss</b>, a garden belonging to the enchantress Armi'da. It +abounded in everything that could contribute to earthly pleasure. Here +Rinal'do spent some time in love-passages with Armi'da, but he +ultimately broke from the enchantress and rejoined the war.—Tasso, +<i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p> + +<p><i>Bower of Bliss</i>, the residence of the witch Acras'ia, a beautiful and +most fascinating woman. This lovely garden was situated on a floating +island filled with everything which could conduce to enchant the senses, +and "wrap the spirit in forgetfulness."—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, ii. 12 +(1590).</p> + +<p><b>Bowkit</b>, in <i>The Son-in-Law.</i></p> + +<p>In the scene where Cranky declines to accept Bowkit as son-in-law on +account of his ugliness, John Edwin, who was playing "Bowkit" at the +Haymarket, uttered in a tone of surprise, "<i>Ugly?</i>" and then advancing +to the lamps, said with infinite impertinence, "I submit to the decision +of the British public which is the ugliest fellow of us three: I, old +Cranky, or that gentleman there in the front row of the balcony +box?"—<i>Cornhill Magazine</i> (1867).</p> + +<p><b>Bowley</b> (<i>Sir Joseph</i>), M.P., who facetiously calls himself "the +poor man's friend." His secretary is Fish.—C. Dickens, <i>The Chimes</i> +(1844).</p> + +<p><b>Bowling</b> (<i>Lieutenant Tom</i>), an admirable naval character in +Smollett's <i>Roderick Random.</i> Dibdin wrote a naval song <i>in memoriam</i> of +Tom Bowling, beginning thus:</p> + +Here a sheer hulk lies poor Tom Bowling,<br> +The darling of the crew ...<br> + +<p><b>Bowyer</b> (<i>Master</i>), usher of the black rod in the court of queen +Elizabeth.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Kenilworth</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><b>Bowzybe'us</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>), the drunkard, rioted for his songs in Gray's +pastorals, called <i>The Shepherd's Week</i>. He sang of "Nature's Laws," of +"Fairs and Shows," "The Children in the Wood," "Chevy Chase," "Taffey +Welsh," "Rosamond's Bower," "Lilly-bullero," etc. The 6th pastoral is in +imitation of Virgil's 6th <i>Ecl</i>., and Bowzybëus is a vulgarized Silenus.</p> + +That Bowzybeus, who with jocund tongue,<br> +Ballads, and roundelays, and catches sung.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">Gay, <i>Pastoral</i>, vi. (1714).</span><br> + +<p><b>Box and Cox,</b> a dramatic romance, by J. M. Morton, the principal +characters of which are Box and Cox.</p> + +<p><b>Boy Bachelor</b> <i>(The)</i>, William Wotton, D.D., admitted at St. +Catherine's Hall, Cambridge, before he was ten, and to his degree of +B.A. when he was twelve and a half (1666-1726).</p> + +<p><b>Boy Bishop</b> <i>(The)</i>, St. Nicholas, the patron saint of boys (fourth +century).</p> + +<p>(There was also an ancient custom of choosing a boy from the cathedral +choir on St. Nicholas' Day (December 6) as a mock bishop. This boy +possessed certain privileges, and if he died during the year was buried +<i>in pontificalibus</i>. The custom was abolished by Henry VIII. In +Salisbury Cathedral visitors are shown a small sarcophagus, which the +verger says was made for a boy bishop.)</p> + +<p><b>Boy Blue</b> <i>(Little)</i> is the subject of a poem in Eugene Field's +<i>Little Book of Western Verse</i>.</p> + +The little toy-dog is covered with dust,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But sturdy and staunch he stands;</span><br> +And the little toy-soldier is red with rust,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And his musket moulds in his hands.</span><br> +Time was when the little toy-dog was new,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the soldier was passing fair,</span><br> +And that was the time when our Little Boy Blue<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Kissed them and put them there.</span><br> + +<p>* * * * *</p> + + +Ay, faithful to Little Boy Blue they stand,<br> +Each in the same old place,<br> +Awaiting the touch of a little hand,<br> +The smile of a little face. (1889.)<br> + +<p><b>Boy Crucified.</b> It is said that some time during the dark ages, a +boy named Werner was impiously crucified at Bacharach, on the Rhine, by +the Jews. A little chapel erected to the memory of this boy stands on +the walls of the town, close to the river. Hugh of Lincoln and William +of Norwich are instances of a similar story.</p> + +See how its currents gleam and shine ...<br> +As if the grapes were stained with the blood<br> +Of the innocent boy who, some years back,<br> +Was taken and crucified by the Jews<br> +In that ancient town of Bacharach.<br> + +<p>Longfellow, <i>The Golden Legend</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Boyet'</b>, one of the lords attending on the princess of +France.—Shakespeare, <i>Love's Labor's Lost</i> (1594).</p> + +<p><b>Boythorn</b> (<i>Laurence</i>), a robust gentleman with the voice of a +Stentor; a friend of Mr. Jarndyce. He would utter the most ferocious +sentiments, while at the same time he fondled a pet canary on his +finger. Once on a time he had been in love with Miss Barbary, lady +Dedlock's sister. But "the good old times—all times when old are +good—were gone."—C. Dickens, <i>Bleak House</i> (1853).</p> + +<p>("Laurence Boythorn" is a caricature of W. S. Landor; as "Harold +Skimpole," in the same story, is drawn from Leigh Hunt.)</p> + +<p><b>Boz</b>, Charles Dickens. It was the nickname of a pet brother dubbed +<i>Moses</i>, in honor of "Moses Primrose" in the <i>Vicar of Wakefield</i>. +Children called the name <i>Bozes</i>, which got shortened into <i>Boz</i> +(1812-1870).</p> + +<p><b>Bozzy,</b> James Boswell, the gossipy biographer of Dr. Johnson +(1740-1795).</p> + +<p><b>Braban'tio,</b> a senator of Venice, father of Desdemo'na; most proud, +arrogant, and overbearing. He thought the "insolence" of Othello in +marrying his daughter unpardonable, and that Desdemona must have been +drugged with love-potions so to demean herself.—Shakespeare, <i>Othello</i> +(1611).</p> + +<p><b>Brac'cio,</b> commissary of the republic of Florence, employed in +picking up every item of scandal he could find against Lu'ria the noble +Moor, who commanded the army of Florence against the Pisans. The +Florentines hoped to find sufficient cause of blame to lessen or wholly +cancel their obligations to the Moor, but even Braccio was obliged to +confess. This Moor hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been so clear +in his great office, that his virtues would plead like angels, +trumpet-tongued, against the council which should censure him.—Robert +Browning, <i>Luria</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Brac'idas and Am'idas,</b> the two sons of Mile'sio, the former in love +with the wealthy Philtra, and the latter with the dowerless Lucy. Their +father at death left each of his sons an island of equal size and value, +but the sea daily encroached on that of the elder brother and added to +the island of Amidas. The rich Philtra now forsook Bracidas for the +richer brother, and Lucy, seeing herself forsaken, jumped into the sea. +A floating chest attracted her attention, she clung to it, and was +drifted to the wasted island, where Bracidas received her kindly. The +chest was found to contain property of great value, and Lucy gave it to +Bracidas, together with herself, "the better of them both." Amidas and +Philtra claimed the chest as their right, and the dispute was submitted +to sir Ar'tegal. Sir Artegal decided that whereas Amidas claimed as his +own all the additions which the sea had given to his island, so Lucy +might claim as her own the chest which the sea had given into her +hands.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, v. 4 (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Braekenbury</b> <i>(Lord)</i>, English peer of nomadic tastes. He disappears +from his world, leaving the impression that he has been murdered, that +he may live unhampered by class-obligations.—Amelia B. Edwards, <i>Lord +Brackenbury</i>.</p> + +<p>Bracy <i>(Sir Maurice de</i>), a follower of prince John. He sues the lady +Rowen'a to become his bride, and threatens to kill both Cedric and +Ivanhoe if she refuses. The interview is interrupted, and at the close +of the novel Rowena marries Ivanhoe.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, +Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Brad'amant,</b> daughter of Amon and Beatrice, sister of Rinaldo, and +niece of Charlemagne. She was called the <i>Virgin Knight.</i> Her armor was +white, and her plume white. She loved Roge'ro the Moor, but refused to +marry him till he was baptized. Her marriage with great pomp and +Rogero's victory over Rodomont form the subject of the last book of +<i>Orlando Furioso</i>. Bradamant possessed an irresistible spear, which +unhorsed any knight with a touch. Britomart had a similar +spear.—Bojardo, <i>Orlando Innamorato</i> (1495); Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> +(1516).</p> + +<p><b>Brad'bourne</b> (<i>Mistress Lilias</i>), waiting-woman of lady Avenel (2 +<i>syl</i>.), at Avenel Castle.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Abbot</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><b>Bradwardine</b> (<i>Como Cosmyne</i>), baron of Bradwardine and of Tully +Veolan. He is very pedantic, but brave and gallant.</p> + +<p><i>Rose Bradwardine</i>, his daughter, the heroine of the novel, which +concludes with her marriage with Waverley, and the restoration of the +manor-house of Tully Veolan.</p> + +<p><i>Malcolm Bradwardine</i> of Inchgrabbit, a relation of the old baron.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Brady</b> (<i>Martha</i>), a young "Irish widow" twenty-three years of age, +and in love with William Whittle. She was the daughter of sir Patrick +O'Neale. Old Thomas Whittle, the uncle, a man of sixty-three, wanted to +oust his nephew in her affections, for he thought her "so modest, so +mild, so tenderhearted, so reserved, so domestic. Her voice was so +sweet, with just a <i>soupçon</i> of the brogue to make it enchanting." In +order to break off this detestable passion of the old man, the widow +assumed the airs and manners of a boisterous, loud, flaunting, +extravagant, low Irishwoman, deeply in debt, and abandoned to pleasure. +Old Whittle, thoroughly frightened, induced his nephew to take the widow +off his hands, and gave him £5000 as a <i>douceur</i> for so doing.—Garrick, +<i>The Irish Widow</i> (1757).</p> + +<p><b>Brag</b> (<i>Jack</i>), a vulgar boaster, who gets into good society, where +his vulgarity stands out in strong relief.—Theodore Hook, <i>Jack Brag</i> +(a novel).</p> + +<p><i>Brag</i> (<i>Sir Jack</i>), general John Burgoyne (died 1792).</p> + +<p><b>Braganza</b> (<i>Juan duke of</i>). In 1580 Philip II. of Spain claimed the +crown of Portugal, and governed it by a regent. In 1640 Margaret was +regent, and Velasquez her chief minister, a man exceedingly obnoxious to +the Portuguese. Don Juan and his wife Louisa of Braganza being very +popular, a conspiracy was formed to shake off the Spanish yoke. +Velasquez was torn to death by the populace, and don Juan of Braganza +was proclaimed king.</p> + +<p><i>Louisa duchess of Braganza</i>. Her character is thus described:</p> + + +<span style="margin-left: 7em;">Bright Louisa,</span><br> +To all the softness of her tender sex, +Unites the noblest qualities of man: +A genius to embrace the amplest schemes... +Judgment most sound, persuasive eloquence... +Pure piety without religious dross, +And fortitude that shrinks at no disaster.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Robert Jephson, <i>Braganza</i>, i. 1 (1775).</span><br> + +<p>Mrs. Bellamy took her leave of the stage May +24, 1785. On this occasion Mrs. Yates sustained +the part of the "duchess of Braganza," and Miss +Farren spoke the address.—F. Reynolds.</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Bragela,</b> daughter of Sorglan, and wife of Cuthullin (general of the +Irish army and regent during the minority of king Cormac).—Ossian, +<i>Fingal</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Braggado´cio,</b> personification of the intemperance of the tongue. +For a time his boasting serves him with some profit, but being found +out, he is stripped of his borrowed plumes. His <i>shield</i> is claimed by +Mar´inel; his <i>horse</i> by Guyon; Talus shaves off his beard; and his lady +is shown to be a sham Florimel.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iii. 8 and 10, +with v. 3.</p> + +<p>It is thought that Philip of Spain was the academy figure of +"Braggadocio."</p> + +<p><i>Braggadocio's Sword</i>, San´glamore (<i>3 syl</i>).</p> + +<p><b>Bragmar´do</b> (<i>Jano´tus de</i>), the sophister sent by the Parisians to +Gargantua, to remonstrate with him for carrying off the bells of +Notre-Dame to suspend round the neck of his mare for jingles.—Rabelais, +<i>Gargantua and Pantag´ruel´</i>, ii. (1533).</p> + +<p><b>Brahmin Caste of New England,</b> term used by Oliver Wendell Holmes in +<i>Elsie Venner</i> to describe an intellectual aristocracy: "Our scholars +come chiefly from a privileged order just as our best fruits come from +well-known grafts."—<i>Elsie Venner</i> (1863).</p> + +<p><b>Brain'worm,</b> the servant of Knowell, a man of infinite shifts, and a +regular Proteus in his metamorphoses. He appears first as Brainworm; +after as Fitz-Sword; then as a reformed soldier whom Knowell takes into +his service; then as justice Clement's man; and lastly as valet to the +courts of law, by which devices he plays upon the same clique of some +half-dozen men of average intelligence.—Ben Jonson, <i>Every Man in His +Humour</i> (1598).</p> + +<p><b>Brakel</b> (<i>Adrian</i>), the gipsy mountebank, formerly master of +Fenella, the deaf and dumb girl.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> +(time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Bramble</b> (<i>Matthew</i>), an "odd kind of humorist," "always on the +fret," dyspeptic, and afflicted with gout, but benevolent, generous, and +kind-hearted.</p> + +<p><i>Miss Tabitha Bramble</i>, an old maiden sister of Matthew Bramble, of some +forty-five years of age, noted for her bad spelling. She is starched, +vain, prim, and ridiculous; soured in temper, proud, imperious, prying, +mean, malicious, and uncharitable. She contrives at last to marry +captain Lismaha'go, who is content to take "the maiden" for the sake of +her £4000.</p> + +<p><i>Bramble (Sir Robert</i>), a baronet living at Blackberry Hall, Kent. Blunt +and testy, but kind-hearted; "charitable as a Christian, and rich as a +Jew;" fond of argument and contradiction, but detesting flattery; very +proud, but most considerate to his poorer neighbors. In his first +interview with lieutenant Worthington, "the poor gentleman," the +lieutenant mistook him for a bailiff come to arrest him, but sir Roflert +nobly paid the bill for £500 when it was presented to him for signature +as sheriff of the county.</p> + +<p><i>Frederick Bramble</i>, nephew of sir Robert, and son of Joseph Bramble, a +Russian merchant. His father having failed in business, Frederick is +adopted by his rich uncle. He is full of life and noble instincts, but +thoughtless and impulsive. Frederick falls in love with Emily +Worthington, whom he marries.—G. Colman, <i>The Poor Gentleman</i> (1802).</p> + +<p><b>Bra´mine</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>) <b>and Bra´min</b> (<i>The</i>), Mrs. Elizabeth Draper +and Laurence Sterne. Sterne being a clergyman, and Mrs. Draper having +been born in India, suggested the names. Ten of Sterne's letters to Mrs. +Draper are published, and called <i>Letters to Eliza</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bran,</b> the dog of Lamderg the lover of Gelchossa (daughter of +Tuathal).—Ossian, <i>Fingal</i>, v.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Fingal king of Morven had a dog of the same name, and +another named Luäth.</p> + +Call White-breasted Bran and the surly<br> +strength of Luäth.—Ossian, <i>Fingal</i>, vi.<br> + +<p><b>Brand</b> (<i>Ethan</i>), an ex-lime burner in Nathaniel Hawthorne's story +of the same name, who, fancying he has committed the Unpardonable Sin, +commits suicide by leaping into the burning kiln.</p> + +<p><i>Brand</i> (<i>Sir Denys</i>), a county magnate, who apes humility. He rides a +sorry brown nag "not worth £5," but mounts his groom on a race-horse +"twice victor for a plate."</p> + +<p><b>Bran´damond</b> of Damascus, whom sir Bevis of Southampton defeated.</p> + +<p>That dreadful battle where with Brandamond he fought. And with his sword +and steed such earthly wonders wrought As e'en among his foes him +admiration won. M. Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, ii. (1612).</p> + +<p><b>Bran'dan</b> (<i>Island of St</i>.) or ISLAND of SAN BORANDAN, a flying +island, so late as 1755 set down in geographical charts west of the +Canary group. In 1721 an expedition was sent by Spain in quest thereof. +The Spaniards say their king Rodri'go has retreated there, and the +Portuguese affirm that it is the retreat of their don Sebastian. It was +called St. Brandan from a navigator of the sixth century, who went in +search of the "Islands of Paradise."</p> + +<p>Its reality was for a long time a matter of firm belief ... the garden +of Armi'da, where Rinaldo was detained, and which Tasso places in one of +the Canary Isles, has been identified with San Borandan.—W. Irving.</p> + +<p>(If there is any truth at all in the legend, the island must be ascribed +to the Fata Morgana.)</p> + +<p><b>Bran'deum,</b> plu. <i>Brandea</i>, a piece of cloth enclosed in a box with +relics, which thus acquired the same miraculous powers as the relics +themselves.</p> + +<p>Pope Leo proved this fact beyond a doubt, for when some Greeks ventured +to question it, he cut a brandeum through with a pair of scissors, and +it was instantly covered with blood.—J. Brady, <i>Clavis Calendaria</i>, +182.</p> + +<p><b>Bran'dimart,</b> brother-in-law of Orlando, son of Monodantês, and +husband of For'delis. This "king of the Distant Islands" was one of the +bravest knights in Charlemagne's army, and was slain by +Gradasso.—Bojardo, <i>Orlando Innamorata</i> (1495); Ariosto, <i>Orlando +Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Brand,</b> a term often applied to the sword in medaeval romances.</p> + +Thou therefore take my brand Excalibur,<br> +Which was my pride—<br> +<span style="margin-left: 5em;">Tennyson, <i>The Morte d'Arthur.</i></span><br> + +<p><b>Brangtons</b> (<i>The</i>), vulgar, jealous, malicious gossips in <i>Evelina</i>, +a novel by Miss Burney (1778).</p> + +<p><b>Branno,</b> an Irishman, father of Evirallin. Evirallin was the wife of +Ossian and mother of Oscar.—Ossian.</p> + +<p><b>Brass,</b> the roguish confederate of Dick Amlet, and acting as his +servant.</p> + +"I am your valet, 'tis true; your footman<br> +sometimes ... but you have always had the<br> +ascendant, I confess. When we were school-fellows,<br> +you made me carry your books, make your<br> +exercise, own your rogueries, and sometimes take<br> +a whipping for you. When we were fellow-'prentices,<br> +though I was your senior, you made<br> +me open the shop, clean my master's boots, cut<br> +last at dinner, and eat all the crusts. In your<br> +sins, too, I must own you still kept me under;<br> +you soared up to the mistress, while I was content<br> +with the maid."—Sir John Yanbrugh, <i>The Confederacy</i>,<br> +iii. 1 (1695).<br> + +<p><i>Brass (Sampson)</i>, a knavish, servile attorney, affecting great sympathy +with his clients, but in reality fleecing them without mercy.</p> + +<p><i>Sally Brass</i>, Sampson's sister, and an exaggerated edition of her +brother.—C. Dickens, <i>Old Curiosity Shop</i> (1840).</p> + +<p><b>Brave</b> (<i>The</i>), Alfonzo IV. of Portugal (1290-1357).</p> + +<p><i>The Brave Fleming</i>, John Andrew van der Mersch (1734-1792).</p> + +<p><i>The Bravest of the Brave</i>, Marshal Ney, <i>Le Brave des Braves</i> +(1769-1815).</p> + +<p><b>Bray</b> (<i>Mr.</i>), a selfish, miserly old man, who dies suddenly of +heart-disease, just in time to save his daughter from being sacrificed +to Arthur Gride, a rich old miser.</p> + +<p><i>Madeline Bray</i>, daughter of Mr. Bray, a loving, domestic, beautiful +girl, who marries Nicholas Nickleby.—C. Dickens, <i>Nicholas Nickleby</i> +(1838).</p> + +<p><i>Bray (Vicar of)</i>, supposed by some to be Simon Aleyn, who lived (says +Fuller) "in the reigns of Henry VIII., Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth. +In the first two reigns he was a <i>protestant</i>, in Mary's reign a +<i>catholic</i>, and in Elizabeth's a <i>protestant</i> again." No matter who was +king, Simon Aleyn resolved to live and die "the vicar of Bray" +(1540-1588).</p> + +<p>Others think the vicar was Simon Symonds, who (according to Ray) was an +<i>independent</i> in the protectorate, a <i>high churchman</i> in the reign of +Charles II., a <i>papist</i> under James II., and a <i>moderate churchman</i> in +the reign of William III.</p> + +<p>Others again give the cap to one Pendleton.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> The well-known song was written by an officer in colonel +Fuller's regiment, in the reign of George I., and seems to refer to some +clergyman of no very distant date.</p> + +<p><b>Bray´more</b> (<i>Lady Caroline</i>), daughter of lord Fitz-Balaam. She was +to have married Frank Rochdale, but hearing that her "intended" loved +Mary Thornberry, she married the Hon. Tom Shuffleton.—G. Colman, jun., +<i>John Bull</i> (1805).</p> + +<p><b>Brazen</b> (<i>Captain</i>), a kind of Bobadil. A boastful, tongue-doughty +warrior, who pretends to know everybody; to have a liaison with every +wealthy, pretty, or distinguished woman; and to have achieved in war the +most amazing prodigies.</p> + +<p><b>Brazen Head.</b> The first on record is one which Sylvester II. +(<i>Gerbert</i>) possessed. It told him he would be pope, and not die till he +had sung mass at Jerusalem. When pope he was stricken with his +death-sickness while performing mass in a church called Jerusalem +(999-1003).</p> + +<p>The next we hear of was made by Rob. Grosseteste (1175-1253).</p> + +<p>The third was the famous brazen head of Albertus Magnus, which cost him +thirty years' labor, and was broken to pieces by his disciple Thomas +Aqui´nas (1193-1280).</p> + +<p>The fourth was that of friar Bacon, which used to say, "Time is, time +was, time comes." Byron refers to it in the lines:</p> + +Like friar Bacon's brazen head, I've spoken,<br> +"Time is, time was, time's past [?]"<br> +<span style="margin-left: 7.5em;"><i>Don Juan</i>, i. 217 (1819).</span><br> + +<p>Another was made by the marquis of Vilena of Spain (1384-1434). And a +sixth by a Polander, a disciple of Escotillo an Italian.</p> + +<p><i>Brazen Head</i> (<i>The</i>), a gigantic head kept in the castle of the giant +Fer´ragus of Portugal. It was omniscient, and told those who consulted +it whatever they desired to know, past, present, or future.—<i>Valentine +and Orson</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Breakfast Table</b> (<i>Autocrat of</i>). See AUTOCRAT.</p> + +<p><b>Breaking a Stick</b> is part of the marriage ceremony of the American +Indians, as breaking a glass is still part of the marriage ceremony of +the Jews.—Lady Augusta Hamilton, <i>Marriage Rites, etc.</i>, pp. 292, 298.</p> + +<p>In one of Raphael's pictures we see an unsuccessful suitor of the Virgin +Mary breaking his stick, and this alludes to the legend that the several +suitors of the "virgin" were each to bring an almond stick which was to +be laid up in the sanctuary over night, and the owner of the stick which +budded was to be accounted the suitor God ordained, and thus Joseph +became her husband.—B.H. Cowper, <i>Apocryphal Gospel</i> ("Pseudo-Matthew's +Gospel," 40, 41).</p> + +<p>In Florence is a picture in which the rejected suitors break their +sticks on the back of Joseph.</p> + +<p><b>Brec´an,</b> a mythical king of Wales. He had twenty-four daughters by +one wife. These daughters, for their beauty and purity, were changed +into rivers, all of which flow into the Severn. Brecknockshire, +according to fable, is called after this king. (See next art.)</p> + +Brecan was a prince once fortunate and great<br> +(Who dying lent his name to that his noble seat),<br> +With twice twelve daughters blest, by one and only wife.<br> +They, for their beauties rare and sanctity of life,<br> +To rivers were transformed; whose pureness doth declare<br> +How excellent they were by being what they are ...<br> +...<i>[they]</i> to Severn shape their course.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 6em;">M. Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, iv. (1612).</span><br> + +<p><b>Brec'han</b> (<i>Prince</i>), father of St. Cadock and St. Canock, the +former a martyr and the latter a confessor.</p> + +<p><b>Breck</b> (<i>Alison</i>), an old fishwife, friend of the +Mucklebackits.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Antiquary</i> (time, Greorge III.).</p> + +<p><i>Breck (Angus)</i>, a follower of Rob Roy M'Gregor, the outlaw.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Rob Roy</i> (time, Greorge I.).</p> + +<p><b>Breitman</b> (<i>Hans</i>), the giver of the entertainment celebrated in +Charles Godfrey Leland's dialect verses, <i>Hans Breitman gave a Party</i>. A +favorite with parlor and platform "readers." (1871.)</p> + +<p><b>Bren´da</b> [TROIL], daughter of Magnus Troil and sister of Minna.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>The Pirate</i> (time, William III.).</p> + +<p><b>Breng´wain,</b> the confidante of Is´olde (<i>2 syl.</i>) wife of sir Mark +king of Cornwall. Isolde was criminally attached to her nephew sir +Tristram, and Brengwain assisted the queen in her intrigues.</p> + +<p><i>Breng´wain</i>, wife of Gwenwyn prince of Powys-land.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The +Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p> + +<p><b>Brennett</b> (<i>Maurice</i>), a man whom "life had always cast for the +leading business" and who "bears himself in a manner befitting the title +rôle." In pursuance of this destiny he becomes a mining speculator, +betrays his confiding partner and everybody else who will trust, and +when success seems within his grasp is thwarted by the discovery of a +man he had supposed to be dead. The woman he would have married to +secure her fortune, around which he had woven the fine web of his +schemes, breaks out impetuously:</p> + +<p>"If you will prove his complicity ... I will pursue him to the ends of +the earth."</p> + +<p>At that moment through the window she sees the head-light of the train +that is bearing Maurice Brennett away into the darkness. The thorough +search made for him afterward is futile.—Charles Egbert Craddock, +<i>Where the Battle was Fought</i> (1885).</p> + +<p><b>Brenta´no</b> (<i>A</i>), one of inconceivable folly. The Brentanos, Clemens +and his sister Bettina, are remarkable in German literary annals for the +wild and extravagant character of their genius. Bettina's work, <i>Göthe's +Correspondence with a Child</i> (1835), is a pure fabrication of her own.</p> + +At the point where the folly of others ceases,<br> +that of the Brentanos begins.—<i>German Proverb</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Brentford</b> (<i>The two kings of</i>). In the duke of Buckingham's farce +called <i>The Rehearsal</i> (1671), the two kings of Brentford enter +hand-in-hand, dance together, sing together, walk arm-in-arm, and to +heighten the absurdity the actors represent them as smelling at the same +nosegay (act ii. 2).</p> + +<p><b>Bretwalda</b>, the over-king of the Saxon rulers, established in +England during the heptarchy. In Germany the over-king was called +emperor. The bretwalda had no power in the civil affairs of the +under-kings, but in times of war or danger formed an important centre.</p> + +<p><b>Brewer of Ghent</b> (<i>The</i>), James van Artevelde, a great patriot. His +son Philip fell in the battle of Rosbecq (fourteenth century).</p> + +<p><b>Brewster</b> (<i>William</i>). <i>The Life and Death of William Brewster</i>, +elder in the first church planted in Massachusetts, was written by his +colleague William Bradford (1630-1650). After a feeling eulogy upon his +departed friend, he remarks, parenthetically: "He always thought it were +better for ministers to pray oftener and divide their prayers, than be +long and tedious in the same (except upon solemn and special occasions, +as in days of humiliation and the like). His reason was that the hearts +and spirits of all, especially the weak, continue and stand bent (as it +were) so long towards God as they ought to do in that duty without +flagging and falling off." This is a remarkable deliverance for a day +when two-hour prayers were the rule, and from a man who, his biographer +tells us, "had a singular good gift in prayer."</p> + +<p><b>Bria´na,</b> the lady of a castle who demanded for toll "the locks of +every lady and the beard of every knight that passed." This toll was +established because sir Crudor, with whom she was in love, refused to +marry her till she had provided him with human hair sufficient to +"purfle a mantle" with. Sir Crudor, having been overthrown in knightly +combat by sir Calidore, who refused to pay "the toll demanded," is made +to release Briana from the condition imposed on her, and Briana swears +to discontinue the discourteous toll.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, vi. 1 +(1596).</p> + +<p><b>Bri´anor</b> (<i>Sir</i>), a knight overthrown by the "Salvage Knight," +whose name was sir Artegal.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iv. 5 (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Briar´eos</b> (<i>4 syl.</i>), usually called Briareus [<i>Bri´.a.ruce</i>], the +giant with a hundred hands. Hence Dryden says, "And Briareus, with all +his hundred hands" (<i>Virgil</i>, vi.); but Milton writes the name Briareos +(<i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 199).</p> + +Then, called by thee, the monster Titan came,<br> +Whom gods Briareos, men Ægeon name.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 12em;">Pope, <i>Iliad</i>, i.</span><br> + +<p><b>Bri´areus</b> (<i>Bold</i>), Handel (1685-1757).</p> + +<p><b>Bri´areus of Languages</b>, cardinal Mezzofanti, who was familiar with +fifty-eight different languages. Byron calls him "a walking polyglot" +(1774-1849).</p> + +<p><b>Bribo´ci</b>, inhabitants of Berkshire and the adjacent +counties.—Cæsar, <i>Commentaries</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Brick</b> (<i>Jefferson</i>), a very weak pale young man, the war +correspondent of the <i>New York Rowdy Journal</i>, of which colonel Diver +was editor.—C. Dickens, <i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i> (1844).</p> + +<p><b>Bride of Aby´dos</b> (<i>The</i>), Zulei´ka (<i>3 syl.</i>), daughter of Giaffer +(<i>2 syl.</i>), pacha of Abydos. She is the troth-plight bride of Selim; but +Giaffer shoots the lover, and Zuleika dies of a broken heart.—Byron, +<i>Bride of Abydos</i> (1813).</p> + +<p><b>Bride of Lammermoor</b>, Lucy Ashton, in love with Edgar master of +Ravenswood, but compelled to marry Frank Hayston, laird of Bucklaw. She +tries to murder him on the bridal night, and dies insane the day +following.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Bride of Lammermoor</i> (time, William +III.).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> <i>The Bride of Lammermoor</i> is one of the most finished of Scott's +novels, presenting a unity of plot and action from beginning to end. The +old butler, Caleb Balderston, is exaggerated and far too prominent, but +he serves as a foil to the tragic scenes.</p> + +In <i>The Bride of Lammermoor</i> we see embodied<br> +the dark spirit of fatalism—that spirit which<br> +breathes on the writings of the Greek tragedians<br> +when they traced the persecuting vengeance of<br> +destiny against the houses of Laius and Atreus.<br> +From the time that we hear the prophetic rhymes<br> +the spell begins, and the clouds blacken round us,<br> +till they close the tale in a night of horror.—Ed.<br> +Rev.<br> + +<p><b>Bride of the Sea</b>, Venice, so called from the ancient ceremony of +the doge marrying the city to the Adriatic by throwing a ring into it, +pronouncing these words, "We wed thee, O sea, in token of perpetual +domination."</p> + +<p><b>Bridge.</b> The imaginary bridge between earth and the Mohammedan +paradise is called "Al Sirat´."</p> + +<p>The rainbow bridge which spans heaven and earth in Scandinavian +mythology is called "Bif´rost."</p> + +<p><b>Bridge of Gold.</b> According to German tradition, Charlemagne's spirit +crosses the Rhine on a golden bridge, at Bingen, in reasons of plenty, +and blesses both cornfields and vineyards.</p> + +Thou standest, like imperial Charlemagne,<br> +Upon thy bridge of gold.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 9em;">Longfellow, <i>Autumn</i>.</span><br> + +<p><b>Bridge of Sighs</b>, the covered passageway which connects the palace +of the doge in Venice with the State prisons. Called "the Bridge of +Sighs," because the condemned passed over it from the judgment hall to +the place of execution. Hood has a poem called <i>The Bridge of Sighs</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bridgemore</b> (<i>Mr.</i>), of Fish Street Hill, London. A dishonest +merchant, wealthy, vulgar, and purse-proud. He is invited to a <i>soirée</i> +given by lord Abberville, "and counts the servants, gapes at the +lustres, and never enters the drawing-room at all, but stays below, +chatting with the travelling tutor."</p> + +<p><i>Mrs. Bridgemore</i>, wife of Mr. Bridgemore, equally vulgar, but with more +pretension to gentility.</p> + +<p><i>Miss Lucinda Bridgemore</i>, the spiteful, purse-proud, malicious daughter +of Mr. and Mrs. Bridgemore, of Fish Street Hill. She was engaged to lord +Abberville, but her money would not out-balance her vulgarity and +ill-temper, so the young "fashionable lover" made his bow and +retired.—Cumberland, <i>The Fashionable Lover</i> (1780).</p> + +<p><b>Bridgenorth</b> (<i>Major Ralph</i>), a roundhead and conspirator, neighbor +of sir Geoffrey Peveril of the Peak, a staunch cavalier.</p> + +<p><i>Mrs. Bridgenorth</i>, the major's wife.</p> + +<p><i>Alice Bridgenorth</i>, the major's daughter and heroine of the novel. Her +marriage with Julian Peveril, a cavalier, concludes the novel.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Brid´get</b> (<i>Miss</i>), the mother of Tom Jones, in Fielding's novel +called <i>The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling</i> (1750).</p> + +It has been wondered why Fielding should<br> +have chosen to leave the stain of illegitimacy on<br> +the birth of his hero ... but had Miss Bridget<br> +been privately married ... there could have<br> +been no adequate motive assigned for keeping the<br> +birth of the child a secret from a man so reasonable<br> +and compassionate as Allworthy.—<i>Encyc.<br> +Brit.</i> Art. "Fielding."<br> + +<p><i>Brid´get (Mrs.)</i>, in Sterne's novel called <i>The Life and Opinions of +Tristram Shandy, Gent.</i> (1759).</p> + +<p><i>Bridget (Mother)</i>, aunt of Catherine Seyton, and abbess of St. +Catherine.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Abbot</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><i>Bridget (May)</i>, the milkwoman at Falkland Castle.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair +Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Bridge´ward</b> (<i>Peter</i>), the bridgekeeper of Kennaquhair ("I know not +where").—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Abbot</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><i>Bridgeward (Peter)</i>, warder of the bridge near St. Mary's Convent. He +refuses a passage to father Philip, who is carrying off the Bible of +lady Alice.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Monastery</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><b>Bridle.</b> John Grower says that Rosiphele princess of Armenia, +insensible to love, saw in a vision a troop of ladies splendidly +mounted, but one of them rode a wretched steed, wretchedly accoutred +except as to the bridle. On asking the reason, the princess was informed +that she was disgraced thus because of her cruelty to her lovers, but +that the splendid bridle had been recently given, because the obdurate +girl had for the last month shown symptoms of true love. Moral—Hence +let ladies warning take—</p> + +Of love that they be not idle,<br> +And bid them think of my bridle.<br> +<i>Confessio Amantis</i> ("Episode of Rosiphele,"<br> +1325-1402).<br> + +<p><b>Bridlegoose</b> <i>(Judge)</i>, a judge who decided the causes brought +before him, not by weighing the merits of the case, but by the more +simple process of throwing dice. Rabelais, <i>Pantag´ruel</i>, iii. 39 +(1545.)</p> + +<p><b>Bri´dlesly</b> (<i>Joe</i>), a horse-dealer at Liverpool, of whom Julian +Peveril buys a horse.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, +Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Brid´oison</b> <i>[Bree.dwoy.zong´]</i>, a stupid judge in the <i>Mariage +de Figaro</i>, a comedy in French, by Beaumarchais (1784).</p> + +<p><b>Bridoon</b> (<i>Corporal</i>), in lieutenant Nosebag's regiment.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Brien´nius</b> (<i>Nicephorus</i>), the Cæsar of the Grecian empire, and +husband of Anna Comne´na (daughter of Alexius Comnenus, emperor of +Greece).—Sir W. Scott, <i>Count Robert of Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p> + +<p><b>Brigado´re</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>), sir Guyon's horse. The word means "Golden +saddle."—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, v. 3 (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Brigan´tes</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), called by Drayton +<i>Brig´ants</i>, the people of Yorkshire, Lancashire, +Westmoreland, Cumberland, and +Durham.</p> + +Where in the Britons' rule of yore the Brigants swayed,<br> +The powerful English established ... Northumberland [<i>Northumbria</i>].<br> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xvi. (1613).</span><br> + +<p><b>Briggs,</b> one of the ten young gentlemen +in the school of Dr. Blimber when Paul +Dombey was a pupil there. Briggs was +nicknamed the "Stoney," because his +brains were petrified by the constant dropping +of wisdom upon them.—C. Dickens, +<i>Dombey and Son</i> (1846).</p> + +<p><b>Brigliadoro</b> [<i>Bril´.ye.dor´.ro</i>], Orlando's steed. The word means +"Gold bridle."—Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p>Sir Guyon's horse, in Spenser's <i>Faëry Queen</i>, is called by a similar +name.</p> + +<p><b>Brilliant</b> <i>(Sir Philip)</i>, a great fop, but brave soldier, like the +famous Murat. He would dress with all the finery of a vain girl, but +would share watching, toil, and peril with the meanest soldier. "A +butterfly in the drawing-room, but a Hector on the battle-field." He was +a "blade of proof; you might laugh at the scabbard, but you wouldn't at +the blade." He falls in love with lady Anne, reforms his vanities, and +marries.—S. Knowles, <i>Old Maids</i> (1841).</p> + +<p><b>Brilliant Madman</b> <i>(The)</i>, Charles XII. of Sweden (1682, 1697-1718).</p> + +<p><b>Brillianta</b> <i>(The lady)</i>, a great wit in the ancient romance +entitled <i>Tirante le Blanc</i>, author unknown.</p> + +<p>Here (in <i>Tirante le Blanc</i>) we shall find the famous knight don Kyrie +Elyson of Montalban, his brother Thomas, the knight Fonseca ... the +stratagems of the widow Tranquil ... and the witticisms of lady +Brillianta. This is one of the most amusing books ever +written.—Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I. i. 6 (1605).</p> + +<p><b>Bris</b> <i>(Il conte di San)</i>, governor of the Louvre. He is father of +Valenti'na and leader of the St. Bartholomew massacre.—Meyerbeer, <i>Les +Huguenots</i> (1836).</p> + +<p><b>Brisac'</b> <i>(Justice)</i>, brother of Miramont.</p> + +<p><i>Charles Brisac</i>, a scholar, son of justice Brisac.</p> + +<p><i>Eustace Brisac</i>, a courtier, brother of Charles.—Beaumont and +Fletcher, <i>The Elder Brother</i> (1637).</p> + +<p><b>Brise'is</b> <i>(3 syl.)</i>, whose real name was Hippodamï'a, was the +daughter of Brisês, brother of the priest Chrysês. She was the concubine +of Achillês, but when Achillês bullied Agamemnon for not giving +Chryse'is to her father, who offered a ransom for her, Agamemnon turned +upon him and said he would let Chryseis go, but should take Briseis +instead.—Homer, <i>Iliad</i>, i.</p> + +<p><b>Brisk</b>, a good-natured conceited coxcomb, with a most voluble +tongue. Fond of saying "good things," and pointing them out with such +expressions as "There I had you, eh?" "That was pretty well, egad, eh?" +"I hit you in the teeth there, egad!" His ordinary oath was "Let me +perish!" He makes love to lady Froth.—W. Congreve, <i>The Double Dealer</i> +(1694).</p> + +<p><b>Bris'kie</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), disguised under the name of Putskie. A captain +in the Moscovite army, and brother of general Archas "the loyal subject" +of the great-duke of Moscovia.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Loyal +Subject</i> (1618).</p> + +<p><b>Bris'sotin</b>, one of the followers of Jean Pierre Brissot, an +advanced revolutionist. The Brissotins were subsequently merged in the +Girondists, and the word dropped out of use.</p> + +<p><b>Bristol Boy</b> (<i>The</i>), Thomas Chatterton, the poet, born at Bristol. +Also called "The Marvellous Boy." Byron calls him "The wondrous boy who +perished in his pride" (1752-1770).</p> + +<p><b>Britan'nia.</b> The Romans represented the island of Great Britain by +the figure of a woman seated on a rock, from a fanciful resemblance +thereto in the general outline of the island. The idea is less +poetically expressed by "An old witch on a broomstick."</p> + +<p>The effigy of Britannia on British copper coin dates from the reign of +Charles II. (1672), and was engraved by Roetier from a drawing by +Evelyn. It is meant for one of the king's court favorites, some say +Frances Theresa Stuart, duchess of Richmond, and others Barbara +Villiers, duchess of Cleveland.</p> + +<p><b>British History</b> of Geoffrey of Monmouth, is a translation of a +Welsh Chronicle. It is in nine books, and contains a "history" of the +Britons and Welsh from Brutus, great-grandson of Trojan Æneas to the +death of Cadwallo or Cadwallader in 688. This Geoffrey was first +archdeacon of Monmouth and then bishop of St. Asaph. The general outline +of the work is the same as that given by Nennius three centuries +previously. Geoffrey's <i>Chronicle</i>, published about 1143, formed a basis +for many subsequent historical works. A compendium by Diceto is +published in Gale's <i>Chronicles</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Brit'omart</b>, the representative of chastity. She was the daughter +and heiress of king Ryence of Wales, and her legend forms the third book +of the <i>Faëry Queen</i>. One day, looking into Venus's looking-glass, given +by Merlin to her father, she saw therein sir Artegal, and fell in love +with him. Her nurse Glaucê (2 <i>syl</i>.) tried by charms "to undo her +love," but love that is in gentle heart begun no idle charm can remove. +Finding her "charms" ineffectual, she took her to Merlin's cave in +Caermarthen, and the magician told her she would be the mother of a line +of kings (<i>the Tudors</i>), and after twice 400 years one of her offspring, +"a royal virgin," would shake the power of Spain. Glaucê now suggested +that they should start in quest of sir Artegal, and Britomart donned the +armor of An'gela (queen of the Angles), which she found in her father's +armory, and taking a magic spear which "nothing could resist," she +sallied forth. Her adventures allegorize the triumph of chastity over +impurity: Thus in Castle Joyous, Malacasta <i>(lust)</i>, not knowing her +sex, tried to seduce her, "but she flees youthful lust, which wars +against the soul." She next overthrew Marinel, son of Cym'oent. Then +made her appearance as the Squire of Dames. Her last achievement was the +deliverance of Am'oret <i>(wifely love)</i> from the enchanter Busirane. Her +marriage is deferred to bk. v. 6, when she tilted with sir Artegal, who +"shares away the ventail of her helmet with his sword," and was about to +strike again when he became so amazed at her beauty that he thought she +must be a goddess. She bade the knight remove his helmet, at once +recognized him, consented "to be his love, and to take him for her +lord."—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iii. (1590).</p> + +<p>She charmed at once and tamed the heart, Incomparable Britomart.</p> + +<p>Sir W. Scott.</p> + +<p><b>Briton</b> <i>(Colonel)</i>, a Scotch officer, who sees donna Isabella jump +from a window in order to escape from a marriage she dislikes. The +colonel catches her, and takes her to the house of donna Violante, her +friend. Here he calls upon her, but don Felix, the lover of Violante, +supposing Violante to be the object of his visits, becomes jealous, till +at the end the mystery is cleared up, and a double marriage is the +result.—Mrs. Centlivre, <i>The Wonder</i> (1714).</p> + +<p><b>Brob'dingnag,</b> a country of enormous giants, to whom Gulliver was a +tiny dwarf. They were as tall "as an ordinary church steeple," and all +their surroundings were in proportion.</p> + +<p>Yon high church steeple, yon gawky stag. Your husband must come from +Brobdingnag. Kane O'Hara, <i>Midas</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Brock</b> <i>(Adam)</i>, in <i>Charles XII.</i>, an historical drama by J. E. +Planché.</p> + +<p><b>Broken-Girth-Flow</b> (<i>Laird of</i>), one of the Jacobite conspirators in +<i>The Black Dwarf</i>, a novel by sir W. Scott (time, Anne).</p> + +<p><b>Broker of the Empire</b> (<i>The</i>). Dari´us, son of Hystaspês, was so +called by the Persians from his great care of the financial condition of +his empire.</p> + +<p><b>Bro´mia,</b> wife of Sosia (slave of Amphitryon), in the service of +Alcme´na. A nagging termagant, who keeps her husband in petticoat +subjection. She is not one of the characters in Molière's comedy of +<i>Amphitryon</i>.—Dryden, <i>Amphitryon</i> (1690).</p> + +<p><b>Bromton's Chronicle</b> (time, Edward III.), that is, "The Chronicle of +John Bromton" printed among the <i>Decem Scriptores</i>, under the titles of +"Chronicon Johannis Bromton," and "Joralanensis Historia a Johanne +Bromton," abbot of Jerevaux, in Yorkshire. It commences with the +conversion of the Saxons by St. Augustin, and closes with the death of +Richard I. in 1199. Selden has proved that the chronicle was not +<i>written</i> by Bromton, but was merely brought to the abbey while he was +abbot.</p> + +<p><b>Bron´tes</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), one of the Cyclops, +hence a blacksmith generally. Called +Bronteus (2 <i>syl.</i>), by Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, +iv. 5 (1596).</p> + +Not with such weight, to frame the forky brand,<br> +The ponderous hammer falls from Brontês' hand.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;"><i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>, xx. (Hool's translation).</span><br> + +<p><b>Bronzely</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), a mere rake, whose +vanity was to be thought "a general seducer."—Mrs. +Inchbald, <i>Wives as they +Were, and Maids as they Are</i> (1797).</p> + +<p><b>Bron´zomarte</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), the sorrel steed of sir Launcelot Greaves. +The word means a "mettlesome sorrel."—Smollett, <i>Sir Launcelot Greaves</i> +(1756).</p> + +<p><b>Brook</b> (<i>Master</i>), the name assumed by Ford when sir John Falstaff +makes love to his wife. Sir John, not knowing him, confides to him every +item of his amour, and tells him how cleverly he has duped Ford by being +carried out in a buck-basket before his very face.—Shakespeare, <i>Merry +Wives of Windsor</i> (1601).</p> + +<p><b>Brooke</b> (<i>Dorothea</i>), calm, queenly heroine of <i>Middlemarch</i>, by +George Eliot.</p> + +<p><b>Broo'ker</b>, the man who stole the son of Ralph Nickleby out of +revenge, called him "Smike," and put him to school at Dotheboy's Hall, +Yorkshire.—C. Dickens, <i>Nicholas Nickleby</i> (1838).</p> + +<p><b>Brooks of Sheffield</b>, name by which Murdstone alludes to David +Copperfield in novel of that name.</p> + +<p><b>Brother Jon'athan.</b> When Washington was in want of ammunition, he +called a council of officers; but no practical suggestion being offered, +he said, "We must consult brother Jonathan," meaning his excellency +Jonathan Trumbull, the elder governor of the state of Connecticut. This +was done, and the difficulty surmounted. "To consult brother Jonathan" +then became a set phrase, and "Brother Jonathan" became the "John Bull" +of the United States.—J. R. Bartlett, <i>Dictionary of Americanisms</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Brother Sam</b>, the brother of lord Dundreary, the hero of a comedy +based on a German drama, by John Oxenford, with additions and +alterations by E. A. Sothern and T. B. Buckstone.—Supplied by T. B. +Buckstone, Esq.</p> + +<p><b>Browdie</b> (<i>John</i>), a brawny, big-made Yorkshire corn-factor, bluff, +brusque, honest, and kind-hearted. He befriends poor Smike, and is much, +attached to Nicholas Nickleby. John Browdie marries Matilda Price, a +miller's daughter.—C. Dickens, <i>Nicholas Nickleby</i> (1838).</p> + +<p><b>Brown</b> (<i>Hablot</i>) illustrated some of Dickens's novels and took the +pseudonym of "Phiz" (1812-).</p> + +<p><i>Brown (Jonathan)</i>, landlord of the Black Bear at Darlington. Here Frank +Osbaldistone meets Rob Roy at dinner.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Rob Roy</i> (time, +George I.).</p> + +<p><i>Brown (Mrs.)</i>, the widow of the brother-in-law of the Hon. Mrs. +Skewton. She had one daughter, Alice Marwood, who was first cousin to +Edith (Mr. Dombey's second wife). Mrs. Brown lived in great poverty, her +only known vocation being to "strip children of their clothes, which she +sold or pawned."—C. Dickens, <i>Dombey and Son</i> (1846).</p> + +<p><i>Brown (Mrs.)</i>, a "Mrs. John Bull," with all the practical sense, +kind-heartedness, absence of conventionality, and the prejudices of a +well-to-do but half-educated Englishwoman of the middle shop class. She +passes her opinions on all current events, and travels about, taking +with her all her prejudices, and despising everything which is not +English.—Arthur Sketchley [Rev. George Rose].</p> + +<p><i>Brown (Tom)</i>, hero of <i>Tom Brown's School-Days</i> and <i>Tom Brown at +Oxford</i>, by Thomas Hughes.</p> + +<p><i>Brown (Vanbeest)</i>, lieutenant of Dirk Hatteraick.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy +Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Brown, Jones, and Robinson</b>, three Englishmen who travel together. +Their adventures, by Richard Doyle, were published in <i>Punch</i>. In them +is held up to ridicule the <i>gaucherie</i>, the contracted notions, the +vulgarity, the conceit, and the general snobbism of the middle-class +English abroad.</p> + +<p><b>Brown of Calaveras</b>, a dissipated blackleg and ne'er-do-weel, whose +handsome wife, arriving unexpectedly from the East, retrieves his +fortune and risks his honor by falling in love with another man, a +brother-gambler.—Bret Harte, <i>Brown of Calaveras</i> (1871).</p> + +<p><b>Brown the Younger</b> (<i>Thomas</i>), the <i>nom de plume</i> of Thomas Moore in +<i>The Two-Penny Post-Bag</i>, a series of witty and very popular satires on +the prince regent (afterwards George IV.), his ministers, and his boon +companions. Also in <i>The Fudge Family in Paris</i>, and in <i>The Fudges in +England</i> (1835).</p> + +<p><b>Browne</b> (<i>General</i>), pays a visit to lord Woodville. His bedroom for +the night is the "tapestried chamber," where he sees the apparition of +"the lady in the sacque," and next morning relates his adventure.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>The Tapestried Chamber</i> (time, George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Brownlow</b>, a most benevolent old gentleman, who rescues Oliver Twist +from his vile associates. He refuses to believe in Oliver's guilt of +theft, although appearances were certainly against him, and he even +takes the boy into his service.—C. Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i> (1837).</p> + +<p><b>Browns.</b> <i>To astonish the Browns</i>, to do or say something regardless +of the annoyance it may cause, or the shock it may give to Mrs. Grundy. +Anne Boleyn had a whole clan of Browns, or "country cousins," who were +welcomed at court in the reign of Elizabeth. The queen, however, was +quick to see what was <i>gauche</i>, and did not scruple to reprove them for +uncourtly manners. Her plainness of speech used quite to "astonish the +Browns."</p> + +<p><b>Brox´mouth</b> (<i>John</i>), a neighbor of Happer the miller.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>The Monastery</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><b>Bruce</b> (<i>Mr. Robert</i>), mate on a bark trading between Liverpool and +St. John's, N.B., sees a man writing in the captain's cabin, a stranger +who disappears after pencilling certain lines on the slate. These prove +a providential warning by which the vessel escapes certain destruction. +The story is told by Robert Dale Owen in <i>Footfalls on the Boundary of +Another World</i>, and vouched for as authentic (1860).</p> + +<p><i>Bruce (The)</i>, an epic poem by John Barbour (1320-1395).</p> + +<p><b>Bru´el,</b> the name of the goose in the tale of <i>Reynard the Fox</i>. The +word means the "Little roarer" (1498).</p> + +<p><b>Bru´in,</b> the name of the bear, in the beast-epic called <i>Reynard the +Fox</i>. Hence a bear in general.</p> + +<p>The word means "the brown one" (1498).</p> + +<p><i>Bru´in</i>, one of the leaders arrayed against Hudibras. He is meant for +one Talgol, a Newgate butcher, who obtained a captain's commission for +valor at Naseby. He marched next to Orsin [<i>Joshua Gosling</i>, landlord of +the bear-gardens at Southwark].—S. Butler, <i>Hudibras</i>, i. 3.</p> + +<p><i>Bruin</i> (<i>Mrs.</i> and <i>Mr.</i>), daughter and son-in-law to sir Jacob Jollup. +Mr. Bruin is a huge bear of a fellow, and rules his wife with scant +courtesy.—S. Foote, <i>The Mayor of Garratt</i> (1763).</p> + +<p><b>Brulgrud'dery</b> (<i>Dennis</i>), landlord of the Red Cow, on Muckslush +Heath. He calls himself "an Irish gintleman bred and born." He was +"brought up to the church," <i>i.e.</i> to be a church beadle, but lost his +place for snoring at sermon-time. He is a sot, with a very kind heart, +and is honest in great matters, although in business he will palm off an +old cock for a young capon.</p> + +<p><i>Mrs. Brulgruddery</i>, wife of Dennis, and widow of Mr. Skinnygauge, +former landlord of the Red Cow. Unprincipled, self-willed, ill-tempered, +and over-reaching. Money is the only thing that moves her, and when she +has taken a bribe she will whittle down the service to the finest +point.—G. Colman, jun., <i>John Bull</i> (1805).</p> + +<p><b>Brun'cheval</b> "the Bold," a paynim knight, who tilted with sir +Satyrane, and both were thrown to the ground together at the first +encounter.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iv. 4 (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Brunel'o</b>, a deformed dwarf, who at the siege of Albracca stole +Sacripan'te's charger from between his legs without his knowing it. He +also stole Angelica's magic ring, by means of which he released Roge'ro +from the castle in which he was imprisoned. Ariosto says that Agramant +gave the dwarf a ring which had the power of resisting magic.—Bojardo, +<i>Orlando Innamorato</i> (1495); and Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p>"I," says Sancho, "slept so soundly upon Dapple, that the thief had time +enough to clap four stakes under the four corners of my pannel and to +lead away the beast from under my legs without waking me."—Cervantes, +<i>Don Quixote</i>, II. i. 4 (1615).</p> + +<p><b>Brunetta</b>, mother of Chery (who married his cousin +Fairstar).—Comtesse D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> ("Princess Fairstar," 1682).</p> + +<p><i>Brunetta</i>, the rival beauty of Phyllis. On one occasion Phyllis +procured a most marvellous fabric of gold brocade in order to eclipse +her rival, but Brunetta arrayed her train-bearer in a dress of the same +material and cut in the same fashion. Phyllis was so mortified that she +went home and died.—<i>The Spectator</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Brunhild,</b> queen of Issland, who made a vow that none should win her +who could not surpass her in three trials of skill and strength: (1) +hurling a spear; (2) throwing a stone; and (3) jumping. Günther king of +Burgundy undertook the three contests, and by the aid of Siegfried +succeeded in winning the martial queen. <i>First</i>, hurling a spear that +three men could scarcely lift: the queen hurled it towards Günther, but +Siegfried, in his invisible cloak, reversed its direction, causing it to +strike the queen and knock her down. <i>Next</i>, throwing a stone so huge +that twelve brawny men were employed to carry it: Brunhild lifted it on +high, flung it twelve fathoms, and jumped beyond it. Again Siegfried +helped his friend to throw it further, and in leaping beyond the stone. +The queen, being fairly beaten, exclaimed to her liegemen, "I am no +longer your queen and mistress; henceforth are ye the liegemen of +Günther" (lied vii.). After marriage Brunhild was so obstreperous that +the king again applied to Siegfried, who succeeded in depriving her of +her ring and girdle, after which she became a very submissive +wife.—<i>The Niebelungen Lied</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bru´no</b> (<i>Bishop</i>), bishop of Herbipolita´num. Sailing one day on +the Danube with Henry III. emperor of Germany, they came to Ben Strudel +("the devouring-gulf"), near Grinon Castle, in Austria. Here the voice +of a spirit clamored aloud, "Ho! ho! Bishop Bruno, whither art thou +travelling? But go thy ways, bishop Bruno, for thou shalt travel with me +tonight." At night, while feasting with the emperor, a rafter fell on +his head and killed him. Southey has a ballad called <i>Bishop Bruno</i>, but +it deviates from the original legend given by Heywood in several +particulars: It makes bishop Bruno hear the voice first on his way to +the emperor, who had invited him to dinner; next, at the beginning of +dinner; and thirdly, when the guests had well feasted. At the last +warning an ice-cold hand touched him, and Bruno fell dead in the banquet +hall.</p> + +<p><b>Brush</b>, the impertinent English valet of lord Ogleby. If his +lordship calls he never hears unless he chooses; if his bell rings he +never answers it till it suits his pleasure. He helps himself freely to +all his master's things, and makes love to all the pretty chambermaids +he comes into contact with.—Colman and Garrick, <i>The Clandestine +Marriage</i> (1766).</p> + +<p><b>Brute</b> (1 <i>syl</i>.), the first king of Britain (in mythical history). +He was the son of Æneas Silvius (grandson of Ascanius and great-grandson +of Æneas of Troy). Brute called London (the capital of his adopted +country) Troynovant (<i>New Troy</i>). The legend is this: An oracle declared +that Brute should be the death of both his parents; his mother died in +child-birth, and at the age of fifteen Brute shot his father +accidentally in a deer-hunt. Being driven from Alba Longa, he collected +a band of old Trojans and landed at Totness, in Devonshire. His wife was +Innogen, daughter of Pandra'sus king of Greece. His tale is told at +length in the <i>Chronicles</i> of Geoffrey of Monmouth, in the first song of +Drayton's <i>Polyolbion</i>, and in Spenser's <i>Faëry Queen</i>, ii.</p> + +<p><i>Brute (Sir John)</i>, a coarse, surly, ill-mannered brute, whose delight +was to "provoke" his young wife, who he tells us "is a young lady, a +fine lady, a witty lady, and a virtuous lady, but yet I hate her." In a +drunken frolic he intercepts a tailor taking home a new dress to lady +Brute; he insists on arraying himself therein, is arrested for a street +row, and taken before the justice of the peace. Being asked his name, he +gives it as "lady John Brute," and is dismissed.</p> + +<p><i>Lady Brute</i>, wife of sir John. She is subjected to divers indignities, +and insulted morn, noon, and night by her surly, drunken husband. Lady +Brute intrigues with Constant, a former lover; but her intrigues are +more mischievous than vicious.—Vanbrugh, <i>The Provoked Wife</i> (1697).</p> + +<p><b>Brute Green-Shield,</b> the successor of +Ebranc king of Britain. The mythical line +is: (1) Brute, great-great-grandson of +Æneas; (2) Locrin, his son; (3) Guendolen, +the widow of Locrin; (4) Ebranc; (5) Brute +Green-Shield. Then follow in order Leil, +Hudibras, Bladud, Leir [Shakespeare's +"Lear"], etc.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">... of her courageous kings,</span><br> +Brute Green-Shield, to whose name we providence impute<br> +Divinely to revive the land's first conqueror, Brute.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 7.5em;">Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, viii. (1612).</span><br> + +<p><b>Brutus</b> (<i>Lucius Junius</i>), first consul of +Rome, who condemned his own two sons +to death for joining a conspiracy to restore +Tarquin to the throne, from which he had +been banished. This subject has been +dramatized by N. Lee (1679) and John H. +Payne, under the title of <i>Brutus, or the</i> +<i>Fall of Tarquin</i> (1820). Alfieri has an +Italian tragedy on the same subject. In +French we have the tragedies of Arnault +(1792) and Ponsard (1843). (See LUCRETIA.)</p> + +<p>The elder Kean on one occasion consented to appear at the Glasgow +theatre for his son's benefit. The play chosen was Payne's <i>Brutus</i>, in +which the father took the part of "Brutus" and Charles Kean that of +"Titus." The audience sat suffused in tears during the pathetic +interview, till "Brutus" falls on the neck of "Titus," exclaiming in a +burst of agony, "Embrace thy wretched father!" when the whole house +broke forth into peals of approbation. Edmund Kean then whispered in his +son's ear, "Charlie, we are doing the trick."—W. C. Russell, +<i>Representative Actors</i>, p. 476.</p> + +<p><i>Junius Brutus</i>. So James Lynch Fitz-Stephen has been called, because +(like the first consul of Rome) he condemned his own son to death for +murder, and to prevent a rescue caused him to be executed from the +window of his own house in Galway (1493).</p> + +<p><i>The Spanish Brutus</i>, Alfonso Perez de Gruzman, governor of Tarifa in +1293. Here he was besieged by the infant don Juan, who had revolted +against his brother, king Sancho IV., and having Guzman's son in his +power threatened to kill him unless Tarifa was given up to him. Guzman +replied, "Sooner than be guilty of such treason I will lend Juan a +dagger to slay my son;" and so saying tossed his dagger over the wall. +Sad to say, Juan took the dagger, and assassinated the young man there +and then (1258-1309).</p> + +<p><i>Brutus (Marcus)</i>, said to be the son of Julius Cæsar by Servilia.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Brutus' bastard hand</span><br> +Stabb'd Julius Cæsar.<br> +Shakespeare, 2 <i>Henry VI</i>. act iv. sc. 1 (1591).<br> + +<p>This Brutus is introduced by Shakespeare in his tragedy of <i>Julius +Cæsar</i>, and the poet endows him with every quality of a true patriot. +He loved Cæsar much, but he loved Rome more.</p> + +<p><i>Brutus. Et tu, Brute</i>. Shakespeare, on the authority of Suetonius, puts +these words into the mouth of Cæsar when Brutus stabbed him. +Shakespeare's drama was written in 1607, and probably he had seen <i>The +True Tragedy of Richard duke of York</i> (1600), where these words occur; +but even before that date H. Stephens had said:</p> + +<p>Jule Cesar, quand il vit que Brutus aussi estoit de ceux qui luy tirient +des coups d'espee, luy dit, <i>Kai sy tecnon</i>? c'est à dire.... Et toy mon +fils, en es tu aussi.—<i>Deux Dial. du Noveau Lang. Franc</i> (1583).</p> + +<p><b>Brutus and Cicero.</b> Cicero says: [Latin: "Cæsare interfecto, statim, +cruentum alte extollens M. Brutus pugionem <i>Ciceronem</i> nominatim +exclamavit, atque ei recuperatam libertatem est +gratulatus."]—<i>Philipp</i>. ii. 12.</p> + +<p>When Brutus rose, Refulgent from the stroke of Cæsar's fate,... +[<i>he</i>] called aloud On Tully's name, and shook his crimson steel, And +bade the "father of his country" hail.</p> + +<p>Akenside, <i>Pleasures of Imagination</i>, i.</p> + +<p><b>Bry'done</b> (<i>Elspeth</i>), or Glendinning, widow of Simon Glendinning, +of the Tower of Glendearg.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Monastery</i> (time, +Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><b>Bubas'tis</b>, the Dian'a of Egyptian mythology. She was the daughter +of Isis and sister of Horus.</p> + +<p><b>Bubenburg</b> (<i>Sir Adrian de</i>), a veteran knight of Berne.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Bucca</b>, goblin of the wind in Celtic mythology, and supposed by the +ancient inhabitants of Cornwall to foretell shipwreck.</p> + +<p><b>Bucen'taur</b>, the Venetian state galley used by the doge when he went +"to wed the Adriatic." In classic mythology the bucentaur was half man +and half ox.</p> + +<p><b>Buceph'alos</b> ("<i>bull-headed</i>"), the name of Alexander's horse, which +cost £3500. It knelt down when Alexander mounted, and was thirty years +old at its death. Alexander built a city called Bucephala in its memory.</p> + +<p><i>The Persian Bucephalos</i>, Shibdiz, the famous charger of Chosroes +Parviz.</p> + +<p><b>Buck Cheever</b>, mountaineer and "moonshiner" in Charles Egbert +Craddock's <i>In the Stranger People's Country</i>.</p> + +<p>He had been a brave soldier, although the flavor of bushwhacking clung +to his war record; he was a fast friend and a generous foe; what one +hand got by hook or by crook—chiefly, it is to be feared, by crook—the +other made haste to give away (1890).</p> + +<p><b>Buck Fanshawe</b>, a popular Californian in the days when Lynch Law was +in vogue in mining districts. He dies, and his partner seeks a clergyman +to arrange for the funeral, which "the fellows" have determined shall be +the finest ever held in the region. The divine questions in his +professional vein and the miner answers in <i>his</i>, each sorely puzzled to +interpret the meaning of his companion.</p> + +"Was he a—ah—peaceable man?"<br> +<br> +"Peaceable! he jest <i>would</i> have peace, ef he<br> +had to lick every darned galoot in the valley to<br> +git it."—Mark Twain, <i>Buck Fanshawe's Funeral</i>,<br> +(1872).<br> + +<p><b>Buck Grangerford</b>, a spirited son of the Grangerford clan, who pays +with his life for fealty to family and feud.—Mark Twain [Samuel +Langhorne Clemens], <i>Adventures of Huckleberry Finn</i> (1885).</p> + +<p><b>Buck'et</b> (<i>Mr.</i>), a shrewd detective officer who cleverly discovers +that Hortense, the French maid-servant of lady Dedlock, was the murderer +of Mr. Tulkinghorn, and not lady Dedlock, who was charged with the deed +by Hortense.—C. Dickens, <i>Bleak House</i> (1853).</p> + +<p><b>Buckingham</b> (<i>George Villiers, duke of</i>). There were two dukes of +this name, father and son, both notorious for their profligacy and +political unscrupulousness. The first (1592-1628) was the favorite of +James I., nicknamed "Steenie" by that monarch from his personal beauty, +"Steenie" being a pet corruption of Stephen, whose face at martyrdom was +"as the face of an angel." He was assassinated by Fenton. Sir Walter +Scott introduces him in <i>The Fortunes of Nigel</i>, and his son in <i>Peveril +of the Peak</i>. The son (1627-1688) also appears under the name of "Zimri" +(q.v.) in Dryden's <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>. He was the author of <i>The +Rehearsal</i>, a drama upon which Sheridan founded his <i>Critic</i>, and of +other works, but is principally remembered as the profligate favorite of +Charles II. He was a member of the famous "CABAL" (q.v.), and closed a +career of great splendor and wickedness in the most abject poverty.</p> + +<p><i>Buckingham</i> (<i>Henry de Stafford, duke of</i>) was a favorite of Richard +III. and a participator in his crimes, but revolted against him, and was +beheaded in 1483. This is the duke that Sackville met in the realms of +Pluto, and whose "complaynt" is given in the prologue to <i>A Mirrour for +Magistraytes</i> (1587). He also appears in Shakespeare's <i>Richard III.</i> +His son in <i>Henry VIII.</i></p> + +<p><i>Buckingham</i> (<i>Mary duchess of</i>), introduced by sir W. Scott in <i>Peveril +of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Bucklaw</b> (<i>The laird of</i>), afterwards laird of Girnington. His name +was Frank Hayston. Lucy Ashton plights her troth to Edgar master of +Ravenswood, and they exchange love-tokens at the Mermaid's Fountain; but +her father, sir William Ashton, from pecuniary views, promises her in +marriage to the laird of Bucklaw, and as she signs the articles Edgar +suddenly appears at the castle. They return to each other their +love-tokens, and Lucy is married to the laird; but on the wedding night +the bridegroom is found dangerously wounded in the bridal chamber, and +the bride hidden in the chimney-corner insane. Lucy dies in convulsions, +but Bucklaw recovers and goes abroad.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Bride of +Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p> + +<p><b>Buckthorne</b>, a conspicuous figure in <i>Tales of a Traveller</i>, by +Washington Irving. He is gentleman student, dancing buffoon, lover, +poet, and author by turns, and nothing long unless it be a royally good +fellow (1824).</p> + +<p><b>Buffoon</b> (<i>The Pulpit</i>). Hugh Peters is so called by Dugdale +(1599-1660).</p> + +<p><b>Bug Jargal</b>, a negro, passionately in love with a white woman, but +tempering the wildest passion with the deepest respect.—Victor Hugo, +<i>Bug Jargal</i> (a novel).</p> + +<p><b>Bulbul</b>, an Oriental name for a nightingale. When, in <i>The Princess</i> +(by Tennyson), the prince, disguised as a woman, enters with his two +friends (similarly disguised) into the college to which no man was +admitted, he sings; and the princess, suspecting the fraud, says to him, +"Not for thee, O bulbul, any rose of Gulistan shall burst her veil," +i.e., "O singer, do not suppose that any woman will be taken in by such +a flimsy deceit." The bulbul loved the rose, and Gulistan means the +"garden of roses." The prince was the bulbul, the college was Gulistan, +and the princess the rose sought.—Tennyson, <i>The Princess</i>, iv.</p> + +<p><b>Bulbul-He'zar</b>, the talking bird, which was joined in singing by all +the song-birds in the neighborhood. (See TALKING BIRD.)—<i>Arabian +Nights</i> ("The Two Sisters," the last story).</p> + +<p><b>Bulis</b>, mother of Egyp'ius of Thessaly. Egypius entertained a +criminal love for Timandra, the mother of Neoph'ron, and Neophron was +guilty of a similar passion for Bulis. Jupiter changed Egypius and +Neophron into vultures, Bulis into a duck, and Timandra into a +sparrow-hawk.—<i>Classic Mythology</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Bull</b> (<i>John</i>), the English nation personified, and hence any +typical Englishman.</p> + +<p><i>Mrs. Bull</i>, queen Anne, "very apt to be choleric." On hearing that +Philip Baboon (<i>Philippe duc d'Anjou</i>) was to succeed to lord Strutt's +estates (<i>i.e. the Spanish throne</i>), she said to John Bull:</p> + +"You sot, you loiter about ale-houses and taverns,<br> +spend your time at billiards, ninepins, or<br> +puppet-shows, never minding me nor my numerous<br> +family. Don't you hear how lord Strutt<br> +[<i>the king of Spain</i>] has bespoke his liveries at<br> +Lewis Baboon's shop [<i>France</i>]?... Fie upon it!<br> +Up, man!... I'll sell my shift before I'll be so<br> +used."—Chap. iv.<br> + +<p><i>John Bull's Mother</i>, the Church of England.</p> + +<p><i>John Bull's Sister Peg</i>, the Scotch, in love with Jack (<i>Calvin</i>).</p> + +John had a sister, a poor girl that had been<br> +reared ... on oatmeal and water ... and lodged<br> +in a garret exposed to the north wind.... However,<br> +this usage ... gave her a hardy constitution....<br> +Peg had, indeed, some odd humors and<br> +comical antipathies,... she would faint at the<br> +sound of an organ, and yet dance and frisk at<br> +the noise of a bagpipe.—Dr. Arbuthnot, <i>History<br> +of John Bull</i>, ii. 2 (1712).<br> + +<p><b>Bullamy</b>, porter of the "Anglo-Bengalee Disinterested Loan and Life +Insurance Company." An imposing personage, whose dignity resided chiefly +in the great expanse of his red waistcoat. Respectability and +well-to-doedness were expressed in that garment.—C. Dickens, <i>Martin +Chuzzlewit</i> (1844).</p> + +<p><b>Bullcalf</b> (<i>Peter</i>), of the Green, who was pricked for a recruit in +the army of sir John Falstaff. He promised Bardolph "four Harry +ten-shillings in French crowns" if he would stand his friend, and when +sir John was informed thereof, he said to Bullcalf, "I will have none of +you." Justice Shallow remonstrated, but Falstaff exclaimed, "Will you +tell me, master Shallow, how to choose a man? Care I for the limb, the +thews, the stature?... Give me the spirit, master +Shallow."—Shakespeare, 2 <i>Henry IV</i>. act iii. sc. 2 (1598).</p> + +<p><b>Bull-dogs,</b> the two servants of a university proctor, who follow him +in his rounds to assist him in apprehending students who are violating +the university statutes, such as appearing in the streets after dinner +without cap and gown, etc.</p> + +<p><b>Bullet-head</b> (<i>The Great</i>), George Cadoudal, leader of the Chouans +(1769-1804).</p> + +<p><b>Bull´segg</b> (<i>Mr.</i>), laird of Killancureit, a friend of the baron of +Bradwardine.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Bulmer</b> (<i>Valentine</i>), titular earl of Etherington, married to Clara +Mowbray.</p> + +<p><i>Mrs. Ann Bulmer</i>, mother of Valentine, married to the earl of +Etherington during the life-time of his countess; hence his wife in +bigamy.—Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's Well</i> (time, George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Bum´ble,</b> beadle of the workhouse where Oliver Twist was born and +brought up. A stout, consequential, hard-hearted, fussy official, with +mighty ideas of his own importance. This character has given to the +language the word <i>bumbledom</i>, the officious arrogance and bumptious +conceit of a parish authority or petty dignitary. After marriage the +high-and-mighty beadle was sadly henpecked and reduced to a Jerry +Sneak.—C. Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i> (1837).</p> + +<p><b>Bum'kinet</b>, a shepherd. He proposes to Grub'binol that they should +repair to a certain hut and sing "Gillian of Croydon," "Patient +Grissel," "Cast away Care," "Over the Hills," and so on; but being told +that Blouzelinda was dead, he sings a dirge, and Grubbinol joins him.</p> + +Thus wailed the louts in melancholy strain,<br> +Till bonny Susan sped across the plain;<br> +They seized the lass in apron clean arrayed,<br> +And to the ale-house forced the willing maid;<br> +In ale and kisses they forgot their cares,<br> +And Susan Blouzelinda's loss repairs.<br> + +<p>Gay, <i>Pastoral</i>, v. (1714).</p> + +<p>(An imitation of Virgil's <i>Ecl</i>. v. "Daphnis.")</p> + +<p><b>Bumper</b> (<i>Sir Harry</i>), a convivial friend of Charles Surface. He +sings the popular song, beginning—</p> + +Here's to the maiden of bashful fifteen,<br> +Here's to the widow of fifty, etc.<br> + +<p>Sheridan, <i>School for Scandal</i> (1777).</p> + +<p><b>Bumppo</b> (<i>Natty</i>), the Leather Stocking of Cooper's <i>Pioneers</i>; +Hawk-Eye of <i>The Last of the Mohicans</i>; the Deer Slayer and the +Pathfinder of the novels of those names; and the trapper of <i>The +Prairie</i>, in which his death is recorded. A white man who has lived so +long with Indians as to surpass them in skill and cunning, retains +native nobility of character, and in his countenance "an open honesty +and total absence of guile" that inspires trust.</p> + +<p><b>Bunce</b> (<i>Jack</i>), <i>alias</i> Frederick Altamont, a <i>ci-devant</i> actor, +one of the crew of the pirate vessel.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Pirate</i> (time, +William III.).</p> + +<p><b>Bunch</b> (<i>Mother</i>), an alewife, mentioned by Dekker in his drama +called <i>Satiromastix</i> (1602). In 1604 was published <i>Pasquil's Jests, +mixed with Mother Bunch's Merriments</i>.</p> + +<p>There is a series of "Fairy Tales" called <i>Mother Bunch's Fairy Tales</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Bunch (Mother)</i>, the supposed possessor of a "cabinet broken open" and +revealing "rare secrets of Art and Nature," such as love-spells (1760).</p> + +<p><b>Bun'cle</b>, messenger to the earl of Douglas.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair +Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><i>Bun'cle (John)</i>, a prodigious hand at matrimony, divinity, a song, and +a glass. He married seven wives, and lost all in the flower of their +age. For two or three days after the death of a wife he was +inconsolable, but soon became resigned to his loss, which he repaired by +marrying again.—Thos. Amory, <i>The Life, etc., of John Buncle, Esq.</i></p> + +<p><b>Bundle</b>, the gardener, father of Wilelmi'na and friend of Tom Tug +the waterman. He is a plain, honest man, but greatly in awe of his wife, +who nags him from morning till night.</p> + +<p><i>Mrs. Bundle</i>, a vulgar Mrs. Malaprop, and a termagant. "Everything must +be her way or there's no getting any peace." She greatly frequents the +minor theatres, and acquires notions of sentimental romance.</p> + +<p><b>Bun'gay</b> (<i>Friar</i>), one of the friars in a comedy by Robert Green, +entitled <i>Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay</i>. Both the friars are conjurors, +and the piece concludes with one of their pupils being carried off to +the infernal regions on the back of one of friar Bacon's demons (1591).</p> + +<p><i>Bungay</i>, publisher in <i>History of Pendennis</i>, by W.M. Thackeray.</p> + +<p><b>Bungey</b> (<i>Friar</i>), personification of the charlatan of science in +the fifteenth century.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> In <i>The Last of the Barons</i>, by lord Lytton, friar Bungey +is an historical character, and is said to have "raised mists and +vapors," which befriended Edward IV, at the battle of Barnet.</p> + +<p><b>Buns'by</b> (<i>Captain John</i> or <i>Jade</i>), owner of the <i>Cautious Clara</i>. +Captain Cuttle considered him "a philosopher, and quite an oracle." +Captain Bunsby had one "stationary and one revolving eye," a very red +face, and was extremely taciturn. The captain was entrapped by Mrs. +MacStinger (the termagant landlady of his friend captain Cuttle) into +marrying her.—C. Dickens, <i>Dombey and Son</i> (1846).</p> + +<p><b>Bunting</b>, the pied piper of Ham'elin. He was so called from his +dress.</p> + +<p><b>Bur</b> (<i>John</i>), the servant of Job Thornberry, the brazier of +Penzance. Brusque in his manners, but most devotedly attached to his +master, by whom he was taken from the workhouse. John Bur kept his +master's "books" for twenty-two years with the utmost fidelity.—G.R. +Colman, Jun., <i>John Bull</i> (1805).</p> + +<p><b>Bur'bon</b> (<i>i.e. Henri IV. of France</i>). He is betrothed to Fordelis +<i>(France)</i>, who has been enticed from him by Grantorto (<i>rebellion</i>). +Being assailed on all sides by a rabble rout, Fordelis is carried off by +"hell-rake hounds." The rabble batter Burbon's shield (<i>protestantism</i>), +and compel him to throw it away. Sir Ar´tegal (<i>right</i> or <i>justice</i>) +rescues the "recreant knight" from the mob, but blames him for his +unknightly folly in throwing away his shield (of faith). Talus (<i>the +executive</i>) beats off the hellhounds, gets possession of the lady, and +though she flouts Burbon, he catches her up upon his steed and rides off +with her.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, v. 2 (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Burchell</b> (<i>Mr.</i>), <i>alias</i> sir William Thornhill, about thirty years +of age. When Dr. Primrose, the vicar of Wakefield, loses £1400, Mr. +Burchell presents himself as a broken-down gentleman, and the doctor +offers him his purse. He turns his back on the two flash ladies who +talked of their high-life doings, and cried "Fudge!" after all their +boastings and remarks. Mr. Burchell twice rescues Sophia Primrose, and +ultimately marries her.—Goldsmith, <i>Vicar of Wakefield</i> (1765).</p> + +<p><b>Burgundy</b> (<i>Charles the Bold, duke of</i>) introduced by sir W. Scott +in <i>Quentin Durward</i> and in <i>Anne of Geierstein</i>. The latter novel +contains the duke's defeat at Nancy´, and his death (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Bu´ridan's Ass.</b> A man of indecision is so called from the +hypothetical ass of Buridan, the Greek sophist. Buridan maintained that +"if an ass could be placed between two hay-stacks in such a way that its +choice was evenly balanced between them, it would starve to death, for +there would be no motive why he should choose the one and reject the +other."</p> + +<p><b>Burleigh</b> (<i>William Cecil, lord</i>), lord treasurer to queen Elizabeth +(1520-1598), introduced by sir W. Scott in his historical novel called +<i>Kenilworth</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p>He is one the principal characters in <i>The Earl of Essex</i>, a tragedy by +Henry Jones (1745).</p> + +<p><i>Burleigh (Lord)</i>, a parliamentary leader in <i>The Legend of Montrose</i>, a +novel by sir W. Scott (time, Charles I.).</p> + +<p><i>A lord Burleigh shake of the head</i>, a great deal meant by a look or +movement, though little or nothing is said. Puff, in his tragedy of the +"Spanish Armada," introduces lord Burleigh, "who has the affairs of the +whole nation in his head, and has no time to talk;" but his lordship +comes on the stage and shakes his head, by which he means far more than +words could utter. Puff says:</p> + +Why, by that shake of the head he gave you<br> +to understand that even though they had more<br> +justice in their cause and wisdom in their measures,<br> +yet, if there was not a greater spirit shown<br> +on the part of the people, the country would at<br> +last fall a sacrifice to the hostile ambition of the<br> +Spanish monarchy.<br> +<br> +<i>Sneer</i>. Did he mean all that by shaking his<br> +head?<br> +<br> +<i>Puff</i>. Every word of it.—Sheridan, <i>The Critic</i>,<br> +ii. 1 (1779).<br> + +<p>The original "lord Burleigh" was Irish Moody +(1728-1813).—<i>Cornhill Magazine</i> (1867).</p> + +<p><b>Burlesque Poetry</b> (<i>Father of</i>), Hippo'nax of Ephesus (sixth century +B.C.).</p> + +<p><b>Burlong</b>, a giant whose legs sir Try'amour cut off.—<i>Romance of Sir +Tryamour</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Burnbill</b>, Henry de Londres, archbishop of Dublin and lord justice +of Ireland, in the reign of Henry III. It is said that he fraudulently +<i>burnt</i> all the "bills" or instruments by which the tenants of the +archbishopric held their estates.</p> + +<p><b>Burns of France</b> (<i>The</i>), Jasmin, a barber of Gascony. Louis +Philippe presented to him a gold watch and chain, and the duke of +Orléans an emerald ring.</p> + +<p><b>Bur'ris</b>, an honest lord, favorite of the great-duke of +Muscovia.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Loyal Subject</i> (1618).</p> + +<p><b>Burroughs</b> (<i>George</i>), a Salem citizen whose trial for witchcraft is +recorded by Rev. Cotton Mather. The counts are many, and in the opinion +of the court are proven, George Burroughs being condemned to die. In the +story of his crimes set down by Dr. Mather, the climax would seem to be +a paper handed by the accused to the jury, "wherein he goes to evince +'That there neither are, nor ever were, witches that, having made a +compact with the devil, can send a devil to torment other people at a +distance.'"</p> + +<p>"When he came to die, he utterly denied the fact whereof he had been +convicted."—Cotton Mather, <i>The Wonders of the Invisible World</i> +(1693).</p> + +<p><b>Bu'sirane</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), an enchanter who bound Am'oret by the waist +to a brazen pillar, and, piercing her with a dart, wrote magic +characters with the dropping blood, "all for to make her love him." When +Brit'omart approached, the enchanter started up, and, running to Amoret, +was about to plunge a knife into her heart; but Britomart intercepted +the blow, overpowered the enchanter, compelled him to "reverse his +charms," and then bound him fast with his own chain.—Spenser, <i>Faëry +Queen</i>, iii. 11, 12 (1590).</p> + +<p><b>Busi'ris</b>, king of Egypt, was told by a foreigner that the long +drought of nine years would cease when the gods of the country were +mollified by human sacrifice. "So be it," said the king, and ordered the +man himself to be offered as the victim.—<i>Herod</i>, ii. 59-61.</p> + +'Tis said that Egypt for nine years was dry;<br> +Nor Nile did floods nor heaven did rain supply.<br> +<br> +A foreigner at length informed the king<br> +That slaughtered guests would kindly moisture bring.<br> +The king replied, "On thee the lot shall fall;<br> +Be thou, my guest, the sacrifice for all."<br> + +<p>Ovid, <i>Art of Love</i>, i.</p> + +<p><i>Busi'ris</i>, supposed by Milton to be the Pharaoh drowned in the Red Sea.</p> + +Hath vexed the Red Sea coast, whose waves o'erthrew<br> +Busiris and his Memphian chivalry.<br> + +<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 306 (1665).</p> + +<p><b>Bus'ne</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>). So the gipsies call all who do not belong to +their race.</p> + +<p>The gold of the Busnê; give me her gold. Longfellow, <i>The Spanish +Student</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Busqueue</b> (<i>Lord</i>), plaintiff in the great Pantagruelian lawsuit +known as "lord Busqueue <i>v.</i> lord Suckfist," in which the parties +concerned pleaded for themselves. Lord Busqueue stated his grievance and +spoke so learnedly and at such length, that no one understood one word +about the matter; then lord Suckfist replied, and the bench declared "We +have not understood one iota of the defence." Pantag'ruel, however, gave +judgment, and as both plaintiff and defendant considered he had got the +verdict, both were fully satisfied, "a thing without parallel in all the +annals of the court."—Rabelais, <i>Pantagruel</i>, ii. (1533).</p> + +<p><b>Busy Body</b> (<i>The</i>), a comedy by Mrs. Centlivre (1709). Sir Francis +Gripe (guardian of Miranda, an heiress, and father of Charles), a man +sixty-five years old, wishes to marry his ward for the sake of her +money, but Miranda loves and is beloved by sir George Airy, a man of +twenty-four. She pretends to love "Gardy," and dupes him into yielding +up her money, and giving his consent to her marriage with "the man of +her choice," believing himself to be the person. Charles is in love with +Isabinda, daughter of sir Jealous Traffick, who has made up his mind +that she shall marry a Spaniard named don Diego Babinetto, expected to +arrive forthwith. Charles dresses in a Spanish costume, passes himself +off as the expected don, and is married to the lady of his choice; so +both the old men are duped, and all the young people wed according to +their wishes.</p> + +<p><b>Butcher</b> (<i>The</i>), Achmet pasha, who struck off the heads of seven of +his wives at once. He defended Acre against Napoleon I.</p> + +<p>John ninth lord Clifford, called "The Black Clifford" (died 1461).</p> + +<p>Oliver de Clisson, constable of France (1320-1407).</p> + +<p><i>Butcher (The Bloody</i>), the duke of Cumberland, second son of Gleorge +II.; so called for his great barbarities in suppressing the rebellion of +Charles Edward, the young pretender (1726-1765).</p> + +<p><b>Butcher of England,</b> John Tiptoft, earl of Worcester, a man of great +learning and a patron of learning (died 1470).</p> + +<p>On one occasion in the reign of Edward IV. he ordered Clapham (a squire +to lord Warwick) and nineteen others, all gentlemen, to be impaled. +—Stow, <i>Warkworth Chronicle</i> ("Cont. Croyl.")</p> + +<p>Yet so barbarous was the age, that this same learned man impaled forty +Lancastrian prisoners at Southampton, put to death the infant children +of the Irish chief Desmond, and acquired the nickname of "The Butcher of +England."—<i>Old and New London</i>, ii. 21.</p> + +<p><b>Butler</b> (<i>Reuben</i>), a presbyterian minister, married to Jeanie +Deans.</p> + +<p><i>Benjamin Butler</i>, father of Reuben.</p> + +<p><i>Stephen Butler</i>, generally called "Bible Butler," grandfather of Reuben +and father of Benjamin.</p> + +<p><i>Widow Judith Butler</i>, Reuben's grandmother and Stephen's wife.</p> + +<p><i>Euphemia</i> or <i>Femie Butler</i>, Reuben's daughter.</p> + +<p><i>David</i> and <i>Reuben Butler</i>, Reuben's sons.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of +Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><i>Butler (The Rev. Mr.)</i>, military chaplain at Madras.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>The Surgeon's Daughter</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Buttercup</b> (<i>John</i>), a milkman.—W. Brough, <i>A Phenomenon in a Smock +Frock</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Buttercup (Little</i>), Bumboat woman, who in her youth, took to +baby-farming, and "mixed those babies up," <i>i.e.</i> Ralph Rackstraw and +the Captain of the <i>Pinafore</i>.—W.S. Gilbert, <i>Pinafore</i> (1877).</p> + +<p><b>Buxo´ma,</b> a shepherdess with whom +Cuddy is in love.</p> + +My Brown Buxoma is the featest maid<br> +That e'er at wake delightsome gambol played ...<br> +And neither lamb, nor kid, nor calf, nor Tray,<br> +Dance like Buxoma on the first of May.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">Gay, <i>Pastoral</i>, i. (1714).</span><br> + +<p><b>Buz´fuz</b> (<i>Sergeant</i>), the pleader retained by Dodson and Fogg for +the plaintiff in the celebrated case of "Bardell <i>v.</i> Pickwick." +Sergeant Buzfuz is a driving, chaffing, masculine bar orator, who proved +that Mr. Pickwick's note about "chops and tomato sauce" was a +declaration of love; and that his reminder "not to forget the +warming-pan" was only a flimsy cover to express the ardor of his +affection. Of course the defendant was found guilty by the enlightened +jury. (His junior was Skimpin.)—C. Dickens, <i>The Pickwick Papers</i> +(1836).</p> + +<p><b>Buz'zard</b> (<i>The</i>), in <i>The Hind and the Panther</i>, by Dryden (pt. +iii.), is meant for Dr. Gilbert Burnet, whose figure was lusty +(1643-1715).</p> + +<p><b>Bycorn</b>, a fat cow, so fat that its sides were nigh to bursting, but +this is no wonder, for its food was "good and enduring husbands," of +which there is good store, (See CHICHI-VACHE.)</p> + +<p><b>Byron</b> (<i>Miss Harriet</i>), a beautiful and accomplished woman of high +rank, devotedly attached to sir Charles Grandison, whom ultimately she +marries.—Richardson, <i>Sir Charles Grandison</i> (1753).</p> + +<p><i>Byron (The Polish)</i>, Adam Mickiewicz (1798-1855).</p> + +<p><i>Byron (The Russian</i>), Alexander Sergeivitch Puschkin (1799-1837).</p> + +<p><b>Byron and Mary.</b> The Mary of Byron's song is Miss Chaworth. Both +Miss Chaworth and lord Byron were wards of Mr. White. Miss Chaworth +married John Musters, and lord Byron married Miss Anna Isabella +Milbanke: both were equally unhappy.</p> + +I have a passion for the name of "Mary,"<br> +For once it was a magic name to me.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, v. 4 (1820).</span><br> + +<p><b>Byron and Teresa Guiccioli.</b> This lady was the wife of count +Guiccioli, an old man, but very rich. Moore says that Byron "never loved +but once, till he loved Teresa."</p> + +<p><b>Byron and the Edinburgh Review.</b> It was Jeffrey and not Brougham who +wrote the article which provoked the poet's reply.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">(in <i>Notes and Queries</i>), the Right Hon. John Wilson Croker.</p> + +<p><b> +<img border="0" src="images/letterC.jpg" width="181" height="168" align="left"alt="letterc.jpg"></b></p> + +<p> </p> + +<p> </p> + +<p> </p> + +<p><b>acafo'go</b>, a rich, drunken usurer, stumpy and fat, choleric, a +coward, and a bully. He fancies money will buy everything and every +one.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>Rule a Wife and Have a Wife</i> (1640).</p> + +<p><b>Cacur'gus</b>, the fool or domestic jester of Misog'onus. Cacurgus is a +rustic simpleton and cunning mischief-maker.—Thomas Rychardes, +<i>Misogonus</i> (the third English comedy, 1560).</p> + +<p><b>Ca'cus</b>, a giant who lived in a cave on mount Av'entine (3 <i>syl</i>.). +When Herculês came to Italy with the oxen which he had taken from +Ger'yon of Spain, Cacus stole part of the herd, but dragged the animals +by their tails into his cave, that it might be supposed they had come +<i>out</i> of it.</p> + +<p>If he falls into slips, it is equally clear they were introduced by him +on purpose to confuse like Caeus, the traces of his retreat.—<i>Encyc. +Brit</i>. Art. "Romance."</p> + +<p><b>Cad</b>, a low-born, vulgar fellow. A cadie in Scotland was a carrier +of a sedan-chair.</p> + +<p>All Edinburgh men and boys know that when sedan-chairs were +discontinued, the old cadies sank into ruinous poverty, and became +synonymous with roughs. The word was brought to London by James Hannay, +who frequently used it.—M. Pringle.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">M. Pringle assures us that the word came from Turkey.</p> + +<p><b>Cade</b> (<i>Jack</i>), Irish insurgent in reign of Henry VII. Assuming the +name of Mortimer, he led a company of rebels from Kent, defeated the +king's army, and entered London. His short-lived triumph was ended by +his death at Lewes. He appears in <i>Henry VI.</i> by Shakespeare.</p> + +<p><b>Cade´nus</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>) dean Swift. The word is simply <i>de-ca-nus</i> +("a dean"), with the first two syllables transposed (<i>ca-de-nus</i>). +Vanessa is Miss Esther Vanhomrigh, a young lady who fell in love with +Swift, and proposed marriage. The dean's reply is given in the poem +entitled <i>Cadenus and Vanessa</i> [<i>i.e.</i> Van-Esther].</p> + +<p><b>Caduceus</b> meant generally a herald's staff; as an emblem of a +peaceful errand it was made of a branch of olive-wood with the twigs, +which, later, were transformed to serpents. In this form it is +associated with Mercury, the herald and messenger of the gods—that +"beautiful golden rod with which he both puts men to sleep and wakens +them from slumber." Homer, <i>Odyssey</i>, xxiv.</p> + +<p><b>Cadur´ci,</b> the people of Aquita´nia.</p> + +<p><b>Cad´wal.</b> Arvir´agus, son of Cym´beline, was so called while he +lived in the woods with Bela´rius, who called himself Morgan, and whom +Cadwal supposed to be his father.—Shakespeare, <i>Cymbeline</i> (1605).</p> + +<p><b>Cadwallader</b>, called by Bede (1 <i>syl.</i>) +Elidwalda, son of Cadwalla king of Wales. +Being compelled by pestilence and famine +to leave Britain, he went to Armorica. +After the plague ceased he went to Rome, +where, in 689, he was baptized, and received +the name of Peter, but died very soon afterwards.</p> + +Cadwallader that drave [<i>sailed</i>] to the Armoric shore.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 7em;">Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, ix. (1612).</span><br> + +<p><i>Cadwallader</i>, the misanthrope in Smollett's +<i>Peregrine Pickle</i> (1751).</p> + +<p><i>Cadwallader</i> (<i>Mrs</i>.), character in <i>Middle-march</i>, by George Eliot.</p> + +<p><b>Cadwall'on,</b> son of the blinded Cyne'tha. Both father and son +accompanied prince Madoc to North America in the twelfth +century.—Southey, <i>Madoc</i> (1805).</p> + +<p><i>Cadwal'lon</i>, the favorite bard of prince Gwenwyn. He entered the +service of sir Hugo de Lacy, disguised, under the assumed name of +Renault Vidal.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p> + +<p><b>Cæ'cias,</b> the north-west wind. Argestês is the north-east, and +Bo'reas the full north.</p> + +Boreas and Cæcias and Argestes loud<br> +...rend the woods, and seas upturn.<br> + +<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, x. 699, etc. (1665).</p> + +<p><b>Cælesti'na</b>, the bride of sir Walter Terill. The king commanded sir +Walter to bring his bride to court on the night of her marriage. Her +father, to save her honor, gave her a mixture supposed to be poison, but +in reality it was only a sleeping draught. In due time the bride +recovered, to the amusement of the king and delight of her husband.—Th. +Dekker, <i>Satiromastix</i> (1602).</p> + +<p><b>Cæ'neus</b> [<i>Se.nuce</i>] was born of the female sex, and was originally +called Cænis. Vain of her beauty, she rejected all lovers, but was one +day surprised by Neptune, who offered her violence, changed her sex, +converted her name to Ceneus, and gave her (or rather <i>him</i>) the gift of +being invulnerable. In the wars of the Lap'ithæ, Ceneus offended +Jupiter, and was overwhelmed under a pile of wood, but came forth +converted into a yellow bird. Æneas found Ceneus in the infernal regions +restored to the feminine sex. The order is inverted by sir John Davies:</p> + +And how was Caeneus made at first a man,<br> +And then a woman, then a man again.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Orchestra, etc</i>. (1615).</span><br> + +<p><b>Cæsar</b> (<i>Caius Julius</i>).</p> + +Somewhere I've read, but where I forget, he could dictate<br> +Seven letters at once, at the same time writing his memoirs....<br> +Better be first, he said, in a little Iberian village<br> +Than be second in Rome; and I think he was right when he said it.<br> +Twice was he married before he was twenty, and many times after;<br> +Battles five hundred he fought, and a thousand cities he conquered;<br> +But was finally stabbed by his friend the orator Brutus.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Longfellow, <i>Courtship of Miles Standish</i>, ii.</span><br> + +<p>Longfellow refers to Pliny, vii. 25, where he says that Cæsar "could +employ, at one and the same time, his ears to listen, his eyes to read, +his hand to write, and his tongue to dictate." He is said to have +conquered three hundred nations; to have taken eight hundred cities, to +have slain in battle a million men, and to have defeated three millions. +(See below, CÆSAR'S WARS.)</p> + +<p><i>Cæsar and his Fortune</i>. Plutarch says that Cæsar told the captain of +the vessel in which he sailed that no harm could come to his ship, for +that he had "Cæsar and his fortune with him."</p> + +Now am I like that proud insulting ship,<br> +Which Cæsar and his fortune bare at once.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Shakespeare, 1 <i>Henry VI.</i> act i. sc. 2 (1589).</span><br> + +<p><i>Cæsar saves his Commentaries</i>. Once, when Julius Cæsar was in danger +of being upset into the sea by the overloading of a boat, he swam to the +nearest ship, with his book of <i>Commentaries</i> in his hand.—Suetonius.</p> + +<p><i>Cæsar's Death</i>. Both Chaucer and Shakespeare say that Julius Cæsar +was killed in the capitol. Thus Polonius says to Hamlet, "I did enact +Julius Cæsar; I was killed i' the capitol" (<i>Hamlet</i>, act iii. sc. 2). +And Chaucer says:</p> + +This Julius to the capitolê wente ...<br> +And in the capitole anon him hente<br> +This falsê Brutus, and his other soon,<br> +And sticked him with bodëkins anon.<br> + +<p><i>Canterbury Tales</i> ("The Monk's Tale," 1388).</p> + +<p>Plutarch expressly tells us he was killed in Pompey's Porch or Piazza; +and in <i>Julius Cæsar</i> Shakespeare says he fell "e'en at the base of +Pompey's statue" (act iii. sc. 2).</p> + +<p><i>Cæsar's Famous Despatch</i>, "Veni, vidi, vici," written to the senate to +announce his overthrow of Pharnacês king of Pontus. This "hop, skip, and +a jump" was, however, the work of three days.</p> + +<p><i>Cæsar's Wars</i>. The carnage occasioned by the wars of Cæsar is usually +estimated at a million fighting men. He won 320 triumphs, and fought 500 +battles. See above, CÆSAR (<i>Caius Julius</i>).</p> + +What millions died that Cæsar might be great!<br> + +<p>Campbell. <i>The Pleasures of Hope</i>, ii. (1799).</p> + +<p><i>Cæsar</i>, the Mephistoph'elês of Byron's unfinished drama called <i>The +Deformed Transformed</i>. This Cæsar changes Arnold (the hunchback) into +the form of Achilles, and assumes himself the deformity and ugliness +which Arnold casts off. The drama being incomplete, all that can be said +is that Cæsar, in cynicism, effrontery, and snarling bitterness of +spirit, is the exact counterpart of his prototype, Mephistophelês +(1821).</p> + +<p><i>Cæsar (Don)</i>, an old man of sixty-three, the father of Olivia. In +order to induce his daughter to marry, he makes love to Marcella, a girl +of sixteen.—Mrs. Cowley, <i>A Bold Stroke for a Husband</i> (1782).</p> + +<p><b>Cael</b>, a Highlander of the western coast of Scotland. These Cael had +colonized, in very remote times, the northern parts of Ireland, as the +Fir-bolg or Belgae of Britain had colonized the southern parts. The two +colonies had each a separate king. When Crothar was king of the Fir-bolg +(or "lord of Atha"), he carried off Conla'ma, daughter of the king of +Ulster (<i>i.e.</i> "chief of the Cael"), and a general war ensued between +the two races. The Cael, being reduced to the last extremity, sent to +Trathal (Fingal's grandfather) for help, and Trathal sent over Con'ar, +who was chosen "king of the Cael" immediately he landed in Ulster; and +having reduced the Fir-bolg to submission, he assumed the title of "king +of Ireland." The Fir-bolg, though conquered, often rose in rebellion, +and made many efforts to expel the race of Conar, but never succeeded in +so doing.—Ossian.</p> + +<p><b>Cages for Men.</b> Alexander the Great had the philosopher Callisthenês +chained for seven months in an iron cage, for refusing to pay him divine +honors.</p> + +<p>Catherine II. of Eussia kept her perruquier for more than three years in +an iron cage in her bed-chamber, to prevent his telling people that she +wore a wig.—Mons. de Masson, <i>Mémoires Secrets sur la Russie</i>.</p> + +<p>Edward I. confined the countess of Buchan in an iron cage, for placing +the crown of Scotland on the head of Bruce. This cage was erected on one +of the towers of Berwick Castle, where the countess was exposed to the +rigor of the elements and the gaze of passers-by. One of the sisters of +Bruce was similarly dealt with.</p> + +<p>Louis XI. confined cardinal Balue (grand-almoner of France) for ten +years in an iron cage in the castle of Loches [<i>Losh</i>].</p> + +<p>Tamerlane enclosed the sultan Bajazet in an iron cage, and made of him a +public show. So says D'Herbelot.</p> + +An iron cage was made by Timour's command,<br> +composed on every side of iron gratings, through<br> +which the captive sultan [Bajazet] could be seen<br> +in any direction. He travelled in this den slung<br> +between two horses.—Leunclavius.<br> + +<p><b>Caglios´tro</b> (<i>Count de</i>), the assumed name of Joseph Balsamo +(1743-1795).</p> + +<p><b>Cain and Abel</b> are called in the <i>Korân</i> "Kâbil and Hâbil." The +tradition is that Cain was commanded to marry Abel's sister, and Abel to +marry Cain's, but Cain demurred because his own sister was the more +beautiful, and so the matter was referred to God, and God answered "No" +by rejecting Cain's sacrifice.</p> + +<p>The Mohammedans also say that Cain carried about with him the dead body +of Abel till he saw a raven scratch a hole in the ground to bury a dead +bird. The hint was taken, and Abel was buried under ground.—Sale's +<i>Koran</i>, v. (notes).</p> + +<p><b>Cair´bar</b>, son of Borbar-Duthul, "lord of Atha" (Connaught), the +most potent of the race of the Fir-bolg. He rose in rebellion against +Cormac "king of Ireland," murdered him (<i>Temora</i>, i.), and usurped the +throne; but Fingal (who was distantly related to Cormac) went to Ireland +with an army, to restore the ancient dynasty. Cairbar invited Oscar +(Fingal's grandson) to a feast, and Oscar accepted the invitation, but +Cairbar having provoked a quarrel with his guest, the two fought, and +both were slain.</p> + +"Thy heart is a rock. Thy thoughts are dark<br> +and bloody. Thou art the brother of Cathmor<br> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... but my soul is not like thine, thou feeble</span><br> +hand in fight. The light of my bosom is stained<br> +by thy deeds."—Ossian, <i>Temora</i>, i.<br> + +<p><b>Cair´bre</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>), sometimes called Cair´bar, third king of +Ireland, of the Caledonian line. (There was also a Cairbar, "lord of +Atha," a Fir-bolg, quite a different person.)</p> + +<p>The Caledonian line ran thus: (1) Conar, first "king of Ireland;" (2) +Cormac I., his son; (3) Cairbre, his son; (4) Artho, his son; (5) Cormac +II., his son; (6) Ferad-Artho, his cousin.—Ossian.</p> + +<p><b>Cai´us</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), the assumed name of the earl of Kent when he +attended on king Lear, after Goneril and Re´gan refused to entertain +their aged father with his suite.—Shakespeare, <i>King Lear</i> (1605).</p> + +<p><i>Cai´us</i> (<i>Dr.</i>), a French physician, whose +servants are Rugby and Mrs. Quickly.— +Shakespeare, <i>Merry Wives of Windsor</i> +(1601).</p> + +The clipped English of Dr. Cains.—Macau lay.<br> + +<p><b>Calandri´no,</b> a character in the <i>Decameron</i>, whose "misfortunes +have made all Europe merry for four centuries."—Boccaccio, <i>Decameron</i>, +viii. 9 (1350).</p> + +<p><b>Calan´tha,</b> princess of Sparta, loved by Ith´oclês. Ithoclês induces +his sister, Penthe´a, to break the matter to the princess. This she +does; the princess is won to requite his love, and the king consents to +the union. During a grand court ceremony Calantha is informed of the +sudden death of her father, another announces to her that Penthea had +starved herself to death from hatred to Bass´anês, and a third follows +to tell her that Ithoclês, her betrothed husband, has been murdered. +Calantha bates no jot of the ceremony, but continues the dance even to +the bitter end. The coronation ensues, but scarcely is the ceremony over +than she can support the strain no longer, and, broken-hearted, she +falls dead.—John Ford, <i>The Broken Heart</i> (1633).</p> + +<p><b>Calan'the</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), the betrothed wife of Pyth'ias the +Syracusian.—J. Banim, <i>Damon and Pythias</i> (1825).</p> + +<p><b>Cal'culator</b> (<i>The</i>). Alfragan the Arabian astronomer was so called +(died A.D. 820). Jedediah Buxton, of Elmeton, in Derbyshire, was also +called "The Calculator" (1705-1775). George Bidder, Zerah Colburn, and a +girl named Heywood (whose father was a Mile End weaver) all exhibited +their calculating powers in public.</p> + +<p>Pascal, in 1642, made a calculating machine, which was improved by +Leibnitz. C. Babbage also invented a calculating machine (1790-1871).</p> + +<p><b>Cal'deron</b> (<i>Don Pedro</i>), a Spanish poet born at Madrid (1600-1681). +At the age of fifty-two he became an ecclesiastic, and composed +religious poetry only. Altogether he wrote about 1000 dramatic pieces.</p> + +Her memory was a mine. She knew by heart<br> +All Cal'deron and greater part of Lopé.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, i. 11 (1819).</span><br> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">"Lope," that is Lopê de Vega, the Spanish poet (1562-1635).</p> + +<p><b>Caleb</b>, the enchantress who carried off St. George in infancy.</p> + +<p><i>Ca'leb</i>, in Dryden's satire of <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, is meant for +lord Grey of Wark, in Northumberland, an adherent of the duke of +Monmouth.</p> + +And, therefore, in the name of dulness be<br> +The well-hung Balaam and cold Caleb free.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Part i.</span><br> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">"Balaam" is the earl of Huntingdon.</p> + +<p><b>Ca'led</b>, commander-in-chief of the Arabs in the siege of Damascus. +He is brave, fierce, and revengeful. War is his delight. When Pho'cyas, +the Syrian, deserts Eu'menês, Caled asks him to point out the governor's +tent; he refuses; they fight, and Caled falls.—John Hughes, <i>Siege of +Damascus</i> (1720).</p> + +<p><b>Caledo´nians</b>, Gauls from France who colonized south Britain, whence +they journeyed to Inverness and Ross. The word is compounded of two +Celtic words, <i>Cael</i> ("Gaul" or "Celt") and <i>don</i> or <i>dun</i> ("a hill"), +so that Cael-don means "Celts of the highlands."</p> + +The Highlanders to this day call themselves<br> +"<i>Cael</i>" and their language "<i>Caelic</i>" or "<i>Gaelic</i>"<br> +and their country "<i>Caeldock</i>" which the Romans<br> +softened into Caledonia.—<i>Dissertation on the<br> +Poems of Ossian</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Ca´lenders</b>, a class of Mohammedans who abandoned father and mother, +wife and children, relations and possessions, to wander through the +world as religious devotees, living on the bounty of those whom they +made their dupes.—D'Herbelot, <i>Supplement</i>, 204.</p> + +He diverted himself with the multitude of calenders,<br> +santons, and dervises, who had travelled<br> +from the heart of India, and halted on their way<br> +with the emir.—W. Beckford, <i>Vathek</i> (1786).<br> + +<p><i>The Three Calenders</i>, three royal princes, disguised as begging +dervishes, each of whom had lost his right eye. Their adventures form +three tales in the <i>Arabian Nights' Entertainments</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Tale of the First Calender</i>. No names are given. This calender was the +son of a king, and nephew of another king. While on a visit to his uncle +his father died, and the vizier usurped the throne. When the prince +returned, he was seized, and the usurper pulled out his right eye. The +uncle died, and the usurping vizier made himself master of this kingdom +also. So the hapless young prince assumed the garb of a calender, +wandered to Baghdad, and being received into the house of "the three +sisters," told his tale in the hearing of the caliph +Haroun-al-Raschid.—<i>The Arabian Nights</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Tale of the Second Calender.</i> No names given. This calender, like the +first, was the son of a king. On his way to India he was attacked by +robbers, and though he contrived to escape, he lost all his effects. In +his flight he came to a large city, where he encountered a tailor, who +gave him food and lodging. In order to earn a living, he turned woodman +for the nonce, and accidentally discovered an underground palace, in +which lived a beautiful lady, confined there by an evil genius. With a +view of liberating her, he kicked down the talisman, when the genius +appeared, killed the lady, and turned the prince into an ape. As an ape +he was taken on board ship, and transported to a large commercial city, +where his penmanship recommended him to the sultan, who made him his +vizier. The sultan's daughter undertook to disenchant him and restore +him to his proper form; but to accomplish this she had to fight with the +malignant genius. She succeeded in killing the genius, and restoring the +enchanted prince; but received such severe injuries in the struggle that +she died, and a spark of fire which flew into the right eye of the +prince destroyed it. The sultan was so heart-broken at the death of his +only child, that he insisted on the prince quitting the kingdom without +delay. So he assumed the garb of a calender, and being received into the +hospitable house of "the three sisters," told his tale in the hearing of +the caliph Haroun-al-Raschid.—<i>The Arabian Nights</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Tale of the Third Calender.</i> This tale is given under the word AGIB.</p> + +"I am called Agib," he says, "and am the son<br> +of a king whose name was Cassib."—<i>Arabian<br> +Nights</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Calepine</b> (<i>Sir</i>), the knight attached to +Sere´na (canto 3). Seeing a bear carrying +off a child, he attacked it, and squeezed it +to death, then committed the babe to the +care of Matilde, wife of sir Bruin. As +Matilde had no child of her own, she +adopted it (canto 4).—Spenser, <i>Faëry +Queen</i>, vi. (1596).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Upton says, "the child" in this incident is meant for M'Mahon, of Ireland, and that "Mac Mahon" means the "son of a bear." He +furthermore says that the M'Mahons were descended from the Fitz-Ursulas, +a noble English family.</p> + +<p><b>Ca´les</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>). So gipsies call themselves.</p> + +Beltran Cruzado, count of the Cales.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Longfellow, <i>The Spanish Student</i>.</span><br> + +<p><b>Calf-skin.</b> Fools and jesters used to wear a calf-skin coat buttoned +down the back, and hence Faulconbridge says insolently to the arch-duke +of Austria, who had acted very basely towards Richard Lion-heart:</p> + +Thou wear a lion's hide! doff it for shame,<br> +And hang a calf-skin on those recreant limbs.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Shakespeare, <i>King John</i>, act ii. sc. I (1596).</span><br> + +<p><b>Cal´ianax</b>, a humorous old lord, father of Aspatia, the troth-plight +wife of Amin´tor. It is the death of Aspatia which gives name to the +drama.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Maid's Tragedy</i> (1610).</p> + +<p><b>Caliban</b>, a savage, deformed slave of Prospero (the rightful duke of +Milan and father of Miranda). Caliban is the "freckled whelp" of the +witch Syc´orax. Mrs. Shelley's "Frankenstein" is a sort of +Caliban.—Shakespeare, <i>The Tempest</i> (1609).</p> + +"Caliban" ... is all earth ... he has the<br> +dawnings of understanding without reason or the<br> +moral sense ... this advance to the intellectual<br> +faculties without the moral sense is marked by<br> +the appearance of vice.—Coleridge.<br> + +<p><b>Cal´iburn,</b> same as <i>Excalibur</i>, the famous +sword of king Arthur.</p> + +Onward Arthur paced, with hand<br> +On Caliburn's resistless brand.<br> +Sir W. Scott, <i>Bridal of Triermain</i> (1813).<br> +<br> +Arthur ... drew out his Caliburn, and ...<br> +rushed forward with great fury into the thickest<br> +of the enemy's ranks ... nor did he give over<br> +the fury of his assault till he had, with his Caliburn,<br> +killed 470 men.—Geoffrey, <i>British History</i>,<br> +ix. 4 (1142).<br> + +<p><b>Cal´idore</b> (<i>Sir</i>), the type of courtesy, +and the hero of the sixth book of Spenser's +<i>Faëry Queen</i>. The model of this character +was sir Philip Sidney. Sir Calidore (3 +<i>syl.</i>) starts in quest of the Blatant Beast, +which had escaped from sir Artegal (bk. v. +12). He first compels the lady Bria´na to +discontinue her discourteous toll of "the +locks of ladies and the beards of knights" +(canto 1). Sir Calidore falls in love with +Pastorella, a shepherdess, dresses like a +shepherd, and assists his lady-love in keeping +sheep. Pastorella being taken captive +by brigands, sir Calidore rescues her, and +leaves her at Belgard Castle to be taken +care of, while he goes in quest of the Blatant +Beast. He finds the monster after a +time, by the havoc it had made with religious +houses, and after an obstinate fight +succeeds in muzzling it, and dragging it in +chains after him, but it got loose again, as +it did before (canto 12).—Spenser, <i>Faëry +Queen</i>, vi. (1596).</p> + +Sir Gawain was the "Calidore" of the Round<br> +Table.—Southey.<br> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> "Pastorella" is Frances Walsingham +(daughter of sir Francis), whom sir Philip +Sidney married. After the death of sir +Philip she married the earl of Essex. The +"Blatant Beast" is what we now call "Mrs. +Grundy."</p> + +<p><b>Calig´orant,</b> an Egyptian giant and cannibal, who used to entrap +travellers with an invisible net. It was the very same net that Vulcan +made to catch Mars and Venus with. Mercury stole it for the purpose of +entrapping Chloris, and left it in the temple of Anu´bis, whence it was +stolen by Caligorant. One day Astolpho, by a blast of his magic horn, so +frightened the giant that he got entangled in his own net, and being +made captive was despoiled of it.—Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Cali´no</b>, a famous French utterer of bulls.</p> + +<p><b>Calip´olis</b>, in <i>The Battle of Alcazar</i>, a drama by George Peele +(1582). Pistol says to Mistress Quickly:</p> + +"Then feed and be fat, my fair Calipolis."—<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Shakespeare, 2 <i>Henry IV.</i> act ii. sc 4 (1598).</span><br> + +<p><b>Cal´is</b> (<i>The princess</i>), sister of As´torax, king of Paphos, in +love with Polydore, brother of general Memnon, but loved greatly by +Siphax.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Mad Lover</i> (1617).</p> + +<p><b>Calis´ta</b>, the fierce and haughty daughter of Sciol´to (<i>3 syl.</i>), a +proud Genoese nobleman. She yielded to the seduction of Lotha´rio, but +engaged to marry Al´tamont, a young lord who loved her dearly. On the +wedding-day a letter was picked up which proved her guilt, and she was +subsequently seen by Altamont conversing with Lothario. A duel ensued, +in which Lothario fell; in a street row Sciolto received his +death-wound, and Calista stabbed herself. The character of "Calista" was +one of the parts of Mrs. Siddons, and also of Miss Brunton.—N. Rowe, +<i>The Fair Penitent</i> (1703).</p> + +<p>Richardson has given a purity and sanctity to the sorrows of his +"Clarissa" which leave "Calista" immeasurably behind.—R. Chambers, +<i>English Literature</i>, i. 590.</p> + +<p>Twelve years after Norris's death, Mrs. Barry was acting the character +of "Calista." In the last act, where "Calista" lays her hand upon a +skull, she [<i>Mrs. Barry</i>] was suddenly seized with a shuddering, and +fainted. Next day she asked whence the skull had been obtained, and was +told it was "the skull of Mr. Norris, an actor." This Norris was her +former husband, and so great was the shock that she died within six +weeks.—Oxberry.</p> + +<p><b>Calis'to and Ar'cas.</b> Calisto, an Arcadian nymph, was changed into a +she-bear. Her son Arcas, supposing the bear to be an ordinary beast, was +about to shoot it, when Jupiter metamorphosed him into a he-bear. Both +were taken to heaven by Jupiter, and became the constellations <i>Ursa +Minor</i> and <i>Ursa Major</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Call'aghan O'Brall'aghan</b> (<i>Sir</i>), "a wild Irish soldier in the +Prussian army. His military humor makes one fancy he was not only born +in a siege, but that Bellona had been his nurse, Mars his +schoolmaster, and the Furies his playfellows" (act i. 1). He is the +successful suitor of Charlotte Goodchild.—C. Macklin, <i>Love à la mode</i> +(1779).</p> + +<p><b>Callet</b>, a <i>fille publique</i>. Brantôme says a <i>calle</i> or <i>calotte</i> is +"a cap," hence the phrase, <i>Plattes comme des calles</i>. Ben Jonson, in +his <i>Magnetick Lady</i>, speaks of "wearing the callet, the politic hood."</p> + +<p>Des filles du peuple et de la campagne s'appellant <i>çalles</i>, à cause de +la "cale" qui leur servait de coiffure.—Francisque Michel.</p> + +<p>En sa tête avoit un gros bonnet blanc, qui l'on appelle une <i>calle</i>, et +nous autres appelons <i>calotte</i>, ou bonnette blanche de lagne, nouée ou +bridée par dessous le menton.—Brantôme, <i>Vies des Dames Illustres</i>.</p> + +A beggar in his drink<br> +Could not have laid such terms upon his callet.<br> + +<p>Shakespeare, <i>Othello</i>, act iv. sc. 2 (1611).</p> + +<p><b>Callim'achus</b> (<i>The Italian</i>), Filippo Buonaccorsi (1437-1496).</p> + +<p><b>Callir'rhoe</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>), the lady-love of Chae'reas, in a Greek +romance entitled <i>The Loves of Choreas and Callirrhoê</i>, by Char'iton +(eighth century).</p> + +<p><b>Callis'thenes</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>), a philosopher who accompanied Alexander +the Great on his Oriental expedition. He refused to pay Alexander divine +honors, for which he was accused of treason, and being mutilated, was +chained in a cage for seven months like a wild beast. Lysimachus put an +end to his tortures by poison.</p> + +Oh let me roll in Macedonian rays,<br> +Or, like Callisthenes, be caged for life,<br> +Rather than shine in fashions of the East.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">N. Lee, <i>Alexander the Great</i>, iv. I (1678).</span><br> + +<p><b>Cal'mar</b>, son of Matha, lord of Lara (in Connaught). He is +represented as presumptuous, rash, and overbearing, but gallant and +generous. The very opposite of the temperate Connal, who advises caution +and forethought. Calmar hurries Cuthullin into action, which ends in +defeat. Connal comforts the general in his distress.—Ossian, <i>Fingal</i>, +i.</p> + +<p><b>Cal'thon</b>, brother of Col'mar, sons of Rathmor chief of Clutha (<i>the +Clyde</i>). The father was murdered in his halls by Dunthalmo lord of +Teutha (<i>the Tweed</i>), and the two boys were brought up by the murderer +in his own house, and accompanied him in his wars. As they grew in years +Dunthalmo fancied he perceived in their looks a something which excited +his suspicions, so he shut them up in two separate dark caves on the +banks of the Tweed. Colmal, daughter of Dunthalmo, dressed as a young +warrior, liberated Calthon, and fled with him to Morven, to crave aid in +behalf of the captive Colmar. Accordingly, Fingal sent his son Ossian +with 300 men to effect his liberation. When Dunthalmo heard of the +approach of this army, he put Colmar to death. Calthon, mourning for his +brother, was captured, and bound to an oak; but at daybreak Ossian slew +Dunthalmo, cut the thongs of Calthon, gave him to Colmal, and they lived +happily in the halls of Teutha.—Ossian, <i>Calthon and Colmal</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Cal´ydon</b> (<i>Prince of</i>), Melea´ger, famed for killing the Calydonian +boar.—<i>Apollod.</i> i. 8. (See MELEAGER.)</p> + +As did the fatal brand Althaea burn'd,<br> +Unto the prince's heart of Calydon.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Shakespeare, 2 <i>Henry VI.</i> act i. sc. 1 (1591).</span><br> + +<p><i>Cal´ydon</i>, a town of Aeto´lia, founded by Calydon. In Arthurian romance +Calydon is a forest in the north of our island. Probably it is what +Richard of Cirencester calls the "Caledonian Wood," westward of the +Varar or Murray Frith.</p> + +<p><b>Calydo´nian Hunt.</b> Artemis, to punish Oeneus [<i>E´.nuce</i>] king of +Cal´ydon, in Aeto´lia, for neglect, sent a monster boar to ravage his +vineyards. His son Melea´ger collected together a large company to hunt +it. The boar being killed, a dispute arose respecting the head, and this +led to a war between the Curetês and Calydo´nians.</p> + +<p>A similar tale is told of Theseus (<i>2 syl.</i>), who vanquished and killed +the gigantic sow which ravaged the territory of Krommyon, near Corinth. +(See KROMMYONIAN SOW.)</p> + +<p><b>Calyp´so</b>, in <i>Télémaque</i>, a prose-epic by Fénélon, is meant for +Mde. de Montespan. In mythology she was queen of the island Ogyg´ia, on +which Ulyssês was wrecked, and where he was detained for seven years.</p> + +<p>She essayed after his departure to bring his son Telemachus under her +spell. The lad, seeking the world through for his father, was preserved +from the arts of the temptress by Mentor—Minerva in disguise.</p> + +<p><b>Calypso's Isle,</b> Ogygia, a mythical island "in the navel of the +sea." Some consider it to be Gozo, near Malta. Ogygia (<i>not the island</i>) +is Boeo´tia, in Greece.</p> + +<p><b>Cama´cho,</b> "richest of men," makes grand preparations for his +wedding with Quite´ria, "fairest of women," but as the bridal party are +on their way, Basil´ius cheats him of his bride, by pretending to kill +himself. As it is supposed that Basilius is dying, Quiteria is married +to him as a mere matter of form, to soothe his last moments; but when +the service is over, up jumps Basilius, and shows that his "mortal +wounds" are a mere pretense.—Cervantes, an episode in <i>Don Quixote</i>, +II. ii. 4 (1615).</p> + +<p><b>Caman´ches</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), or COMAN´CHES, an +Indian tribe of Texas (United States).</p> + +It is a caravan, whitening the desert where dwell the Camanches.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Longfellow, <i>To the Driving Cloud</i>.</span><br> + +<p><b>Camaral´zaman,</b> prince of "the Island +of the Children of Khal´edan, situate in the +open sea, some twenty days' sail from the +coast of Persia." He was the only child of +Schah´zaman and Fatima, king and queen +of the island. He was very averse to marriage; +but one night, by fairy influence, +being shown Badou´ra, only child of the +king of China, he fell in love with her and +exchanged rings. Next day both inquired +what had become of the other, and the +question was deemed so ridiculous that +each was thought to be mad. At length +Marzavan (foster-brother of the princess) +solved the mystery. He induced the prince +Camaralzaman to go to China, where he +was recognized by the princess and married +her. (The name means "the moon of +the period.")—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("Camaralzaman +and Badoura").</p> + +<p><b>Cam´ballo,</b> the second son of Cambuscan´ king of Tartary, brother of +Al´garsife (<i>3 syl.</i>) and Can´acê (<i>3 syl.</i>). He fought with two knights +who asked the lady Canacê to wife, the terms being that none should have +her till he had succeeded in worsting Camballo in combat. Chaucer does +not give us the sequel of this tale, but Spenser says that three +brothers, named Priamond, Diamond, and Triamond were suitors, and that +Triamond won her. The mother of these three (all born at one birth) was +Ag´apê, who dwelt in Faëry-land (bk. iv. 2).</p> + +<p>Spenser makes Cambi´na (daughter of Agapê) the lady-love of Camballo. +Camballo is also called Camballus and Cambel.</p> + +<p><i>Camballo's Ring</i>, given him by his sister Canacê, "had power to stanch +all wounds that mortally did bleed."</p> + +Well mote ye wonder how that noble knight,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">After he had so often wounded been,</span><br> +Could stand on foot now to renew the fight ...<br> +All was thro' virtue of the ring he wore;<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The which not only did not from him let</span><br> +One drop of blood to fall, but did restore<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His weakened powers, and his dulled spirits whet.</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 7em;">Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iv. 2 (1596).</span><br> + +<p><b>Cambel,</b> called by Chaucer Cam´ballo, brother of Can´acê (<i>3 syl.</i>). +He challenged Every suitor to his sister's hand, and overthrew them all +except Tri´amond. The match between Cambel and Triamond was so evenly +balanced, that both would have been killed had not Cambi´na interfered. +(See next art.)—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iv. 3 (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Cambi´na,</b> daughter of the fairy Ag´apê (<i>3 syl.</i>). She had been +trained in magic by her mother, and when Cam´ballo, son of Cambuscan´, +had slain two of her brothers and was engaged in deadly combat with the +third (named Tri´amond), she appeared in the lists in her chariot drawn +by two lions, and brought with her a cup of nepenthe, which had the +power of converting hate to love, of producing oblivion of sorrow, and +of inspiring the mind with celestial joy. Cambina touched the combatants +with her wand and paralyzed them, then giving them the cup to drink, +dissolved their animosity, assuaged their pains, and filled them with +gladness. The end was that Camballo made Cambina his wife, and Triamond +married Can´acê.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iv. 3 (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Cambuscan</b>´, king of Sarra, in the land +of Tartary; the model of all royal virtues.</p> + +At Sarra, in the lond of Tartarie,<br> +Ther dwelt a king that werreied Russie,<br> +Through which ther died many a doughty man:<br> +This noble king was cleped Cambuscan<br> +Which in his time was of so great renoun<br> +That ther n' as no wher in no regioun,<br> +So excellent a lord in alle thing:<br> +<hr style="width: 45%;"><br> +This noble king, this Tartre Cambuscan<br> +Hadde two sones by Elfeta his wif,<br> +Of which the eldest sone highte Algarsif<br> +That other was ycleped Camballo.<br> +<hr style="width: 45%;"><br> +A doughter had this worthy king also<br> +That youngest was and highte Canace.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Chaucer, <i>The Squire's Tale</i>.</span><br> + +<p>Milton, in the Penseroso, alludes to the +fact that the Squire's Tale was not finished:</p> + +Or call up him that left half told<br> +The story of Cambuscan bold.<br> + +<p><b>Camby´ses</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), a pompous, ranting +character in Preston's tragedy of that name.</p> + +I must speak in passion, and I will do it in<br> +king Cambyses' vein.—Shakespeare, 1 <i>Henry IV</i>.<br> +act ii. sc. 4 (1597).<br> + +<p><b>Camby´ses and Smerdis.</b> Cambysês king of Persia killed his brother +Smerdis from the wild suspicion of a madman, and it is only charity to +think that he was really <i>non compos mentis</i>.</p> + +Behold Cambisês and his fatal daye ...<br> +While he his brother Mergus cast to slaye,<br> +A dreadful thing, his wittes were him bereft.<br> +T. Sackville, <i>A Mirrour for Magistraytes</i> ("The<br> +Complaynt," 1587).<br> + +<p><b>Camdeo,</b> the god of love in Hindû mythology.</p> + +<p><b>Camil´la,</b> the virgin queen of the Volscians, famous for her +fleetness of foot. She aided Turnus against Æneas.</p> + +Not so when swift Camilla scours the plain,<br> +Flies o'er th' unbending corn, or skims along the main.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 11em;">Pope.</span><br> + +<p><i>Camilla</i>, wife of Anselmo of Florence. Anselmo, in order to rejoice in +her incorruptible fidelity, induced his friend Lothario to try to +corrupt her. This he did, and Camilla was not trial-proof, but fell. +Anselmo for a time was kept in the dark, but at the end Camilla eloped +with Lothario. Anselmo died of grief, Lothario was slain in battle, and +Camilla died in a convent.—Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I. iv. 5, 6 +("Fatal Curiosity," 1605).</p> + +<p><i>Camilla</i>, English girl, heroine of Miss Burney's novel of same name.</p> + +<p><i>Camilla</i>, the heroine of <i>Signor Monaldini's Niece</i>, by Mary Agnes +Tincker, a story of modern Rome (1879).</p> + +<p><b>Camille´</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>), in Corneille's tragedy of <i>Les Horaces</i> +(1639). When her brother meets her and bids her congratulate him for his +victory over the three Curiatii, she gives utterance to her grief for +the death of her lover. Horace says, "What! can you prefer a man to the +interests of Rome?" Whereupon Camille denounces Rome, and concludes with +these words: "Oh, that it were my lot!" When Mdlle. Rachel first +appeared in the character of "Camille," she took Paris by storm (1838).</p> + +Voir le dernier Romain à son dernier soupir,<br> +Moi seule en être cause, et mourir de plaisir.<br> + +<p>¤¤¤ Whitehead has dramatized the subject and called it <i>The Roman +Father</i> (1741).</p> + +<p><i>Camille</i>, one of the Parisian <i>demi-monde</i>. She meets and loves Armand +Duval. Camille is besought by Duval <i>père</i> to leave her lover, whose +prospects are ruined by the <i>liaison</i>. She quits him, returns to her +former life, and dies of consumption in the arms of her lover, who has +just found her after a long search.—A. Dumas, <i>La Dame aux Camelias</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Camillo</b>, a lord in the Sicilian court, and a very good man. Being +commanded by king Leontês to poison Polixenês, instead of doing so he +gave him warning, and fled with him to Bohemia. When Polixenês ordered +his son Florizel to abandon Perdita, Camillo persuaded the young lovers +to seek refuge in Sicily, and induced Leontês, the king thereof, to +protect them. As soon as Polixenês discovered that Perdita was Leontês' +daughter, he readily consented to the union which before he had +forbidden.—Shakespeare, <i>The Winter's Tale</i> (1604).</p> + +<p><b>Cami´ola,</b> "the maid of honor," a lady of great wealth, noble +spirit, and great beauty. She loved Bertoldo (brother of Roberto king of +the two Sicilies), and when Bertoldo was taken prisoner at Sienna, paid +his ransom. Bertoldo before his release was taken before Aurelia the +duchess of Sienna. Aurelia fell in love with him, and proposed marriage, +an offer which Bertoldo accepted. The betrothed then went to Palermo to +be introduced to the king, when Camiola exposed the conduct of the base +young prince. Roberto was disgusted at his brother, Aurelia rejected him +with scorn, and Camiola retired to a nunnery.—Massinger, <i>The Maid of +Honor</i> (1637).</p> + +<p><b>Campas´pe</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), mistress of Alexander. He gave her up to +Apellês, who had fallen in love with her while painting her +likeness.—Pliny, <i>Hist</i>. xxxv. 10.</p> + +<p>John Lyly produced, in 1583, a drama +entitled <i>Cupid and Campaspe</i>, in which is +the well-known lyric:</p> + +Cupid and my Campaspê played<br> +At cards for kisses: Cupid paid.<br> + +<p><b>Campbell</b> (<i>Captain</i>), called "Green +Colin Campbell," or Bar´caldine (3 <i>syl.</i>).— +Sir W. Scott, <i>The Highland Widow</i> (time, +George II.).</p> + +<p><i>Campbell (General)</i>, called "Black Colin Campbell," in the king's +service. He suffers the papist conspirators to depart unpunished.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George III.).</p> + +<p><i>Campbell (Sir Duncan)</i>, knight of Ardenvohr, in the marquis of Argyll's +army. He was sent as ambassador to the earl of Montrose.</p> + +<p><i>Lady Mary Campbell</i>, sir Duncan's wife.</p> + +<p><i>Sir Duncan Campbell of Auchenbreck</i>, an officer in the army of the +marquis of Argyll.</p> + +<p><i>Murdoch Campbell</i>, a name assumed by the marquis of Argyll. Disguised +as a servant, he visited Dalgetty and M'Eagh in the dungeon, but the +prisoners overmastered him, bound him fast, locked him in the dungeon, +and escaped.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Legend of Montrose</i> (time, Charles I.).</p> + +<p><i>Campbell (The lady Mary)</i>, daughter of the duke of Argyll.</p> + +<p><i>The lady Caroline Campbell</i>, sister of lady Mary.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart +of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Campeador</b> [<i>Kam.pay´.dor</i>], the Cid, who was called <i>Mio Cid el +Campeador</i> ("my lord the champion"). "Cid" is a corruption of <i>saïd</i> +("lord").</p> + +<p><b>Campo-Basso</b> (<i>The count of</i>), an officer in the duke of Burgundy's +army, introduced by sir W. Scott in two novels, <i>Quentin Durward</i> and +<i>Anne of Geierstein</i>, both laid in the time of Edward IV.</p> + +<p><b>Can´ace</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), daughter of Cambuscan´, and the paragon of +women. Chaucer left the tale half told, but Spenser makes a crowd of +suitors woo her. Her brother Cambel or Cam´ballo resolved that none +should win his sister who did not first overthrow him in fight. At +length Tri´amond sought her hand, and was so nearly matched in fight +with Camballo, that both would have been killed, if Cambi´na, daughter +of the fairy Ag´apê (3 <i>syl.</i>), had not interfered. Cambina gave the +wounded combatants nepenthe, which had the power of converting enmity to +love; so the combatants ceased from fight, Camballo took the fair +Cambina to wife, and Triamond married Canacê.—Chaucer, <i>Squire's Tale</i>; +Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iv. 3 (1596).</p> + +<p><i>Canacê's Mirror</i>, a mirror which told the inspectors if the persons on +whom they set their affections would prove true or false.</p> + +<p><i>Canacê's Ring</i>. The king of Araby and Ind sent Canacê, daughter of +Cambuscan´ (king of Sarra, in Tartary), a ring which enabled her to +understand the language of birds, and to know the medical virtues of all +herbs.—Chaucer, <i>Canterbury Tales</i> ("The Squire's Tale," 1388).</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Candace,</b> negro cook in <i>The Minister's Wooing</i>, by Harriet Beecher +Stowe. She reverences Dr. Hopkins, but is slow to admit his dogma of +Imputed Sin in Consequence of Adam's Transgression (1859).</p> + +<p><b>Candau´les</b> (<i>3 syl.</i>), king of Lydia, who exposed the charms of his +wife to Gy´gês. The queen was so indignant that she employed Gygês to +murder her husband. She then married the assassin, who became king of +Lydia, and reigned twenty-eight years (B.C. 716-688).</p> + +<p><b>Canday´a</b> (<i>The kingdom of</i>), situate between the great Trapoba´na +and the South Sea, a couple of leagues beyond cape Com´orin.—Cervantes, +<i>Don Quixote</i>, II. iii. 4 (1615).</p> + +<p><b>Candide´</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>), the hero of Voltaire's novel of the same name. +He believes that "all things are for the best in the best of all +possible worlds."</p> + +Voltaire says "No." He tells you that Candide<br> +Found life most tolerable after meals.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, v. 31 (1820).</span><br> + +<p><b>Candour</b> (<i>Mrs.</i>), the beau-ideal of female backbiters.—Sheridan, +<i>The School for Scandal</i> (1777).</p> + +<p><b>Can´idia,</b> a Neapolitan, beloved by the poet Horace. When she +deserted him, he held her up to contempt as an old sorceress who could +by charms unsphere the moon.—Horace, <i>Epodes</i>, v. and xvii.</p> + +Such a charm were right Canidian.<br> +Mrs. Browning, <i>Hector in the Garden</i>, iv.<br> + +<p><b>Canmore</b> or GREAT-HEAD, Malcolm III. of Scotland (1057-1093).—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Tales of a Grandfather</i>, i. 4.</p> + +<p><b>Canning</b> (<i>George</i>), statesman (1770-1827). Charles Lamb calls him:</p> + +St. Stephen's fool, the zany of debate.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Sonnet in "The Champion</i>."</span><br> + +<p><b>Cano´pos,</b> Meneläos's pilot, killed in the return voyage from Troy +by the bite of a serpent. The town Canöpos (Latin, <i>Canopus</i>) was built +on the site where the pilot was buried.</p> + +<p><b>Can´tab,</b> a member of the University of Cambridge. The word is a +contraction of the Latin <i>Cantabrig´ia</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Can´tacuzene´</b> (<i>4 syl.</i>), a noble Greek family, which has furnished +two emperors of Constantinople, and several princes of Moldavia and +Wallachia. The family still survives.</p> + +We mean to show that the Cantacuzenês are<br> +not the only princely family in the world.—D'Israeli,<br> +<i>Lothaire</i>.<br> + +There are other members of the Cantacuzenê<br> +family besides myself.—Ditto.<br> + +<p><i>Can´tacuzene´</i> (<i>Michael</i>), the grand sewer of Alexius Comne´nus, +emperor of Greece.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Count Robert of Paris</i>. (time, +Rufus).</p> + +<p><b>Canterbury Tales.</b> Eighteen tales told by a company of pilgrims +going to visit the shrine of "St. Thomas à Becket" at Canterbury. The +party first assembled at the Tabard, an inn in Southwark, and there +agreed to tell one tale each both going and returning, and the person +who told the best tale was to be treated by the rest to a supper at the +Tabard on the homeward journey. The party consisted of twenty-nine +pilgrims, so that the whole budget of tales should have been +fifty-eight, but only eighteen of the number were told, not one being on +the homeward route. The chief of these tales are: "The Knight's Tale" +(<i>Pal´amon and Ar´cite, 2 syl.</i>); "The Man of Law's Tale" (<i>Custance, 2 +syl.</i>); "The Wife of Bath's Tale" (<i>A Knight</i>); "The Clerk's Tale" +(<i>Grisildis</i>); "The Squire's Tale" (<i>Cambuscan</i>, incomplete); "The +Franklin's Tale" <i>(Dor'igen and Arvir'agus)</i>; "The Prioress's Tale" +(<i>Hugh of Lincoln</i>); "The Priest's Tale" (<i>Chanticleer and Partelite</i>); +"The Second Nun's Tale" (<i>St. Cecil'ia</i>); "The Doctor's Tale" +(<i>Virginia</i>); "The Miller's Tale" (<i>John the Carpenter and Alison</i>); and +"The Merchant's Tale" (<i>January and May</i>) (1388).</p> + +<p><b>Canton</b>, the Swiss valet of lord Ogleby. He has to skim the morning +papers and serve out the cream of them to his lordship at breakfast, +"with good emphasis and good discretion." He laughs at all his master's +jokes, flatters him to the top of his bent, and speaks of him as a mere +chicken compared to himself, though his lordship is seventy and Canton +about fifty. Lord Ogleby calls him his "cephalic snuff, and no bad +medicine against megrims, vertigoes, and profound thinkings."—Colman +and Garrick, <i>The Clandestine Marriage</i> (1766).</p> + +<p><b>Can'trips</b> (<i>Mrs.</i>), a quondam friend of Nanty Ewart, the +smuggler-captain.</p> + +<p><i>Jessie Cantrips</i>, her daughter.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, +George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Cant'well</b> (Dr.), the hypocrite, the English representative of +Molière's Tartuffe. He makes religious cant the instrument of gain, +luxurious living, and sensual indulgence. His overreaching and +dishonorable conduct towards lady Lambert and her daughter gets +thoroughly exposed, and at last he is arrested as a swindler.—I. Bicker +staff, <i>The Hypocrite</i> (1768).</p> + +<p>Dr. Cantwell ... the meek and saintly hypocrite.</p> + +<p>L. Hunt.</p> + +<p><b>Canute'</b> or <b>Cnut</b> and <b>Edmund Ironside.</b> +William of Malmesbury says: When +Canute and Edmund were ready for their +sixth battle in Gloucestershire, it was arranged +between them to decide their respective +claims by single combat. Cnut +was a small man, and Edmund both tall +and strong; so Cnut said to his adversary, +"We both lay claim to the kingdom in +right of our fathers; let us therefore divide +it and make peace;" and they did so.</p> + +Canutus of the two that furthest was from hope ...<br> +Cries, "Noble Edmund hold! Let us the land divide."<br> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... and all aloud do cry,</span><br> +"Courageous kings, divide! 'Twere pity such should die."<br> +<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xii. (1613).</span><br> + +<p><b>Canute's Bird,</b> the knot, a corruption +of "Knut," the <i>Cinclus bellonii</i>, of which +king Canute was extremely fond.</p> + +The knot, that called was Canutus' bird of old,<br> +Of that great king of Danes, his name that still doth hold,<br> +His appetite to please ... from Denmark hither brought.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xxv. (1622).</span><br> + +<p><b>Can´ynge</b> (<i>Sir William</i>) is represented in the <i>Rowley Romance</i> as +a rich, God-fearing merchant, devoting much money to the Church, and +much to literature. He was, in fact, a Maece´nas of princely +hospitality, living in the Red House. The priest Rowley was his +"Horace."—Chatterton (1752-1770).</p> + +<p><b>Cap</b> (<i>Charles</i>), uncle of Mabel Dunham +in Cooper's <i>Pathfinder</i> (1849). He is a sea-captain +who insists in sailing a vessel upon +the great northern lakes as he would upon +the Atlantic, but, despite his pragmatic +self-conceit, is nonplussed by the Thousand +Islands.</p> +<br> + +<p>"And you expect me, a stranger on your lake, +to find this place without chart, course, distance, +latitude, longitude, or soundings? Allow me to +ask if you think a mariner runs by his nose, like +one of Pathfinder's hounds?"</p> + +<p>Having by a series of blunders consequent upon this course, brought +schooners and crew to the edge of destruction, he shows heart by +regretting that his niece is on board, and philosophy with professional +pride by the conclusion:—</p> + +<p>"We must take the bad with the good in every v'y'ge, and the only +serious objection that an old sea-captain can with propriety make to +such an event, is that it should happen on this bit of d—d fresh +water."</p> + +<p><b>Capability Brown</b>, Launcelot Brown, the English landscape gardener +(1715-1783).</p> + +<p><b>Cap'aneus</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.) a man of gigantic stature, enormous strength, +and headlong valor. He was impious to the gods, but faithful to his +friends. Capaneus was one of the seven heroes who marched against Thebes +(1 <i>syl</i>.), and was struck dead by a thunderbolt for declaring that not +Jupiter himself should prevent his scaling the city walls.</p> + +<p><b>Capitan</b>, a boastful, swaggering coward, in several French farces +and comedies prior to the time of Molière.</p> + +<p><b>Caponsac'chi</b> (<i>Guiseppe</i>), the young priest under whose protection +Pompilia fled from her husband to Rome. The husband and <i>his</i> friends +said the elopement was criminal; but Pompilia, Caponsacchi, and <i>their</i> +friends maintained that the young canon simply acted the part of a +chivalrous protector of a young woman who was married at fifteen, and +who fled from a brutal husband who ill-treated her.—R. Browning, <i>The +Ring and the Book</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Capstern</b> (<i>Captain</i>), captain of an East</p> + +<p>Indiaman, at Madras.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Surgeon's Daughter</i> (time, +George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Captain,</b> Manuel Comne´nus of Treb´izond (1120, 1143-1180).</p> + +<p><i>Captain of Kent</i>. So Jack Cade called himself (died 1450).</p> + +<p><i>The Great Captain (el Gran Capitano)</i>, Gonzalvo di Cor´dova +(1453-1515).</p> + +<p><i>The People's Captain (el Capitano del Popolo</i>), Guiseppe Garibaldi +(1807-).</p> + +<p><i>Captain (A Copper)</i>, a poor captain, whose swans are all geese, his +jewellry paste, his guineas counters, his achievements +tongue-doughtiness, and his whole man Brummagem. See <i>Copper Captain</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Captain (The Black)</i>, lieutenant-colonel Dennis Davidoff of the Russian +army. In the French invasion he was called by the French <i>Le Capitaine +Noir</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Captain Loys</b> [<i>Lo.is</i>]. Louise Labé was so called, because in early +life she embraced the profession of arms, and gave repeated proofs of +great valor. She was also called <i>La Belle Cordière</i>. Louise Labé was a +poetess, and has left several sonnets full of passion, and some good +elegies (1526-1566).</p> + +<p><b>Captain! my Captain!</b> fallen leader apostrophized by Walt Whitman in +his lines upon the death of President Lincoln (1865).</p> + +O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells!<br> +Rise up! for you the flag is flung, for you the bugle trills;<br> +For you bouquets and ribboned wreaths, for you the shores a-crowding;<br> +For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning.<br> +<br> +Here, Captain! dear father!<br> +This arm beneath your head!<br> +It is some dream that on the deck<br> +You've fallen cold and dead.<br> + +<p><b>Captain Right</b>, a fictitious commander, +the ideal of the rights due to Ireland. In +the last century the peasants of Ireland +were sworn to captain Right, as chartists +were sworn to their articles of demand +called their <i>charter</i>. Shakespeare would +have furnished them with a good motto, +"Use every man after his desert, and who +shall 'scape whipping?" (<i>Hamlet</i>, act ii. +sc. 2).</p> + +<p><b>Captain Rock</b>, a fictitious name assumed by the leader of certain +Irish insurgents in 1822, etc. All notices, summonses, and so on, were +signed by this name.</p> + +<p><b>Cap'ulet</b>, head of a noble house of Verona, in feudal enmity with +the house of Mon'tague (3 syl). Lord Capulet is a jovial, testy old man, +self-willed, prejudiced, and tyrannical.</p> + +<p><i>Lady Capulet</i>, wife of lord Capulet and mother of Juliet.—Shakespeare, +<i>Romeo and Juliet</i> (1598).</p> + +<p><b>Capys</b>, a blind old seer, who prophesied to Romulus the military +triumphs of Rome from its foundation to the destruction of Carthage.</p> + +In the hall-gate sat Capys,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Capys the sightless seer;</span><br> +From head to foot he trembled<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As Romulus drew near.</span><br> +And up stood stiff his thin white hair,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And his blind eyes flashèd fire.</span><br> + +<p>Lord Macaulay, <i>Lays of Ancient Rome</i> ("The +Prophecy of Capys," xi.).</p> + +<p><b>Car'abas</b> (<i>Le marquis de</i>), an hypothetical title to express a +fossilized old aristocrat, who supposed the whole world made for his +behoof. The "king owes his throne to him;" he can "trace his pedigree to +Pepin;" his youngest son is "sure of a mitre;" he is too noble "to pay +taxes;" the very priests share their tithes with him; the country was +made for his "hunting-ground;" and, therefore, as Béranger says:</p> + +Chapeau bas! chapeau bas!<br> +Gloire au marquis de Carabas!<br> + +<p>The name occurs in Perrault's tale of <i>Puss in Boots</i>, but it is +Béranger's song (1816) which has given the word its present meaning.</p> + +<p><b>Carac´ci of France</b>, Jean Jouvenet, who was paralyzed on the right +side, and painted with his left hand (1647-1707).</p> + +<p><b>Carac´tacus or Caradoc</b>, king of the Sil´urês (<i>Monmouthshire</i>, +etc.). For nine years he withstood the Roman arms, but being defeated by +Osto´rius Scap´ula the Roman general, he escaped to Brigantia +(<i>Yorkshire</i>, etc.) to crave the aid of Carthisman´dua (or Cartimandua), +a Roman matron married to Venu´tius, chief of those parts. Carthismandua +betrayed him to the Romans, A.D. 47.—Richard of Cirencester, <i>Ancient +State of Britain</i>, i. 6, 23.</p> + +<p>Caradoc was led captive to Rome, A.D. 51, and, struck with the grandeur +of that city, exclaimed, "Is it possible that a people so wealthy and +luxurious can envy me a humble cottage in Britain?" Claudius the emperor +was so charmed with his manly spirit and bearing that he released him +and craved his friendship.</p> + +<p>Drayton says that Caradoc went to Rome with body naked, hair to the +waist, girt with a chain of steel, and his "manly breast enchased with +sundry shapes of beasts. Both his wife and children were captives, and +walked with him."—<i>Polyolbion</i>, viii. (1612).</p> + +<p><b>Caracul</b> (<i>i.e. Caraeatta</i>), son and successor of Severus the Roman +emperor. In A.D. 210 he made an expedition against the Caledo´nians, but +was defeated by Fingal. Aurelius Antoninus was called "Caracalla" +because he adopted the Gaulish <i>caracalla</i> in preference to the Roman +<i>toga</i>.—Ossian, <i>Comala</i>.</p> + +<p>The Caracul of Fingal is no other than Caracalla, who (as the son of +Severus) the emperor of Rome ... was not without reason called "The Son +of the King of the World." This was A.D. 210.—<i>Dissertation on the Era +of Ossian</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Caraculiam'bo,</b> the hypothetical giant of the island of Malindra'ma, +whom don Quixote imagines he may one day conquer and make to kneel at +the foot of his imaginary lady-love.—Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I.i.1 +(1605).</p> + +<p><b>Car'adoc or Cradock</b>, a knight of the Round Table. He was husband of +the only lady in the queen's train who could wear "the mantle of +matrimonial fidelity." This mantle fitted only chaste and virtuous +wives; thus, when queen Guenever tried it on—</p> + +One while it was too long, another while too short,<br> +And wrinkled on her shoulders in most unseemly sort.<br> + +<p>Percy, <i>Reliques</i> ("Boy and the Mantle," III. iii. 18).</p> + +<p><i>Sir Caradoc and the Boar's Head</i>. The boy who brought the test mantle +of fidelity to king Arthur's court drew a wand three times across a +boar's head, and said, "There's never a cuckold who can carve that head +of brawn." Knight after knight made the attempt, but only sir Cradock +could carve the brawn.</p> + +<p><i>Sir Cradock and the Drinking-horn.</i> The boy furthermore brought forth a +drinking-horn, and said, "No cuckold can drink from that horn without +spilling the liquor." Only Cradock succeeded, and "he wan the golden +can."—Percy, <i>Reliques</i> ("Boy and the Mantle," III. iii. 18).</p> + +<p><b>Caradoc of Men'wygent,</b> the younger bard of Gwenwyn prince of +Powys-land. The elder bard of the prince was Cadwallon.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p> + +<p><b>Car´atach or Carac´tacus,</b> a British +king brought captive before the emperor +Claudius in A.D. 52. He had been betrayed +by Cartimandua. Claudius set him at liberty.</p> + +And Beaumont's pilfered Caratach affords<br> +A tragedy complete except in words.<br> +Byron, <i>English Bards and Scotch Reviewers</i> (1809).<br> + +<p>(Byron alludes to the "spectacle" of +<i>Caractacus</i> produced by Thomas Sheridan +at Drury Lane Theatre. It was Beaumont's +tragedy of <i>Bonduca</i>, minus the dialogue.)</p> + +Digges [1720-1786] was the very absolute<br> +"Caratach." The solid bulk of his frame, his<br> +action, his voice, all marked him with identity.<br> +—Boaden, <i>Life of Siddons</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Car´athis,</b> mother of the caliph Vathek. +She was a Greek, and induced her son to +study necromancy, held in abhorrence by +all good Mussulmans. When her son +threatened to put to death every one who +attempted without success to read the inscription +of certain sabres, Carathis wisely +said, "Content yourself, my son, with commanding +their beards to be burnt. Beards +are less essential to a state than men." +She was ultimately carried by an afrit to +the abyss of Eblis, in punishment of her +many crimes.—W. Beckford, <i>Vathek</i> (1784).</p> + +<p><b>Carau´sius,</b> the first British emperor (237-294). His full name was +Marcus Aurelius Valerius Carausius, and as emperor of Britain he was +accepted by Diocletian and Maxim´ian; but after a vigorous reign of +seven years he was assassinated by Allectus, who succeeded him as +"emperor of Britain."—See Gibbon, <i>Decline and Fall, etc.</i>, ii. 13.</p> + +<p><b>Car´dan</b> (<i>Jerôme</i>) of Pa´via (1501-1576), a great mathematician and +astrologer. He professed to have a demon or familiar spirit, who +revealed to him the secrets of nature.</p> + +<p><b>Carden</b> (<i>Grace</i>), lovely girl with whom Henry Little (an artisan) +and Frederick Coventry, gentleman, are enamored. Beguiled by Coventry +into a belief that Little is dead, she consents to the marriage ceremony +with his rival. Little reappears on the wedding-day, and she refuses to +live with her husband. The marriage is eventually set aside, and Grace +Carden espouses Henry Little.—Charles Reade, <i>Put Yourself in His +Place</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Carde´nio</b> of Andalusi´a, of opulent parents, fell in love with +Lucinda, a lady of equal family and fortune, to whom he was formally +engaged. Don Fernando his friend, however, prevailed on Lucinda's +father, by artifice, to break off the engagement and promise Lucinda to +himself, "contrary to her wish, and in violation of every principle of +honor." This drove Cardenio mad, and he haunted the Sierra Morena or +Brown Mountain for about six months, as a maniac with lucid intervals. +On the wedding-day Lucinda swooned, and a letter informed the bridegroom +that she was married to Cardenio. Next day she privately left her +father's house and took refuge in a convent; but being abducted by don +Fernando, she was carried to an inn, where Fernando found Dorothea his +wife, and Cardenio the husband of Lucinda. All parties were now +reconciled, and the two gentlemen paired respectively with their proper +wives.—Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I. iv. (1605).</p> + +<p><b>Care</b>, described as a blacksmith, who "worked all night and day." +His bellows, says Spenser, are Pensiveness and Sighs.—<i>Faéry Queen</i>, +iv. 5 (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Care'less</b>, one of the boon companions of Charles +Surface.—Sheridan, <i>School for Scandal</i> (1777).</p> + +<p><i>Care'less (Colonel)</i>, an officer of high spirits and mirthful temper, +who seeks to win Ruth (the daughter of sir Basil Thoroughgood) for his +wife.—T. Knight, <i>The Honest Thieves</i>.</p> + +<p>This farce is a mere <i>réchauffé</i> of <i>The Committee</i>, by the hon. sir R. +Howard. The names "colonel Careless" and "Ruth" are the same, but "Ruth" +says her proper Christian name is "Anne."</p> + +<p><i>Careless</i>, in <i>The Committee</i>, was the part for which Joseph Ashbury +(1638-1720) was celebrated.—Chetwood, <i>History of the Stage.</i></p> + +<p>(<i>The Committee</i>, recast by T. Knight, is called <i>The Honest Thieves</i>.)</p> + +<p><i>Careless (Ned)</i>, makes love to lady Pliant.—W. Congreve, <i>The Double +Dealer</i> (1700).</p> + +<p><b>Careless Husband</b> <i>(The)</i>, a comedy by Colley Cibber (1704). The +"careless husband" is sir Charles Easy, who has amours with different +persons, but is so careless that he leaves his love-letters about, and +even forgets to lock the door when he has made a <i>liaison</i>, so that his +wife knows all; yet so sweet is her temper, and under such entire +control, that she never reproaches him, nor shows the slightest +indication of jealousy. Her confidence so wins upon her husband that he +confesses to her his faults, and reforms entirely the evil of his ways.</p> + +<p><b>Carême</b> <i>(Jean de), chef de cuisine</i> of Leo X. This was a name given +him by the pope for an admirable <i>soupe maigre</i> which he invented for +Lent. A descendant of Jean was <i>chef</i> to the prince regent, at a salary +of £1000 per annum, but he left this situation because the prince had +only a <i>ménage bourgeois</i>, and entered the service of baron Rothschild +at Paris (1784-1833).</p> + +<p><b>Carey</b>, innocent-faced rich young dude in Ellen Olney Kirk's novel, +<i>A Daughter of Eve</i> (1889).</p> + +<p><i>Carey (Patrick)</i>, the poet brother of lord Falkland, introduced by sir +W. Scott in <i>Woodstock</i> (time, Commonwealth).</p> + +<p><b>Car'gill</b> <i>(The Rev. Josiah</i>), minister of St. Ronan's Well, tutor +of the hon. Augustus Bidmore (2 <i>syl</i>.), and the suitor of Miss Augusta +Bidmore, his pupil's sister.—Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's Well</i> (time, +George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Cari'no,</b> father of Zeno'cia, the chaste troth-plight wife of +Arnoldo (the lady dishonorably pursued by the governor count +Clodio).—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Custom of the Country</i> (1647).</p> + +<p><b>Car'ker</b> <i>(James)</i>, manager in the house of Mr. Dombey, merchant. +Carker was a man of forty, of a florid complexion, with very glistening +white teeth, which showed conspicuously when he spoke. His smile was +like "the snarl of a cat." He was the Alas'tor of the house of Dombey, +for he not only brought the firm to bankruptcy, but he seduced Alice +Marwood (cousin of Edith, Dombey's second wife), and also induced Edith +to elope with him. Edith left the wretch at Dijon, and Carker, returning +to England, was run over by a railway train and killed.</p> + +<p><i>John Carker</i>, the elder brother, a junior clerk in the same firm. He +twice robbed it and was forgiven.</p> + +<p><i>Harriet Carker</i>, a gentle, beautiful young woman, who married Mr. +Morfin, one of the <i>employés</i> in the house of Mr. Dombey, merchant. When +her elder brother John fell into disgrace by robbing his employer, +Harriet left the house of her brother James (the manager) to live with +and cheer her disgraced brother John.—C. Dickens, <i>Dombey and Son</i> +(1846).</p> + +<p><b>Carle´ton</b> (<i>Captain</i>), an officer in the Guards.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Carlisle</b> (<i>Frederick Howard, earl of</i>), uncle and guardian of lord +Byron (1748-1826). His tragedies are <i>The Father's Revenge</i> and +<i>Bellamere</i>.</p> + +The paralytic puling of Carlisle...<br> +Lord, rhymester, <i>petit-maitre</i>, pamphleteer.<br> +Byron, <i>English Bards and Scotch Reviewers</i> (1809).<br> + +<p><b>Car´los</b>, elder son of don Antonio, and the favorite of his paternal +uncle Lewis. Carlos is a great bookworm, but when he falls in love with +Angelina he throws off his diffidence and becomes bold, resolute, and +manly. His younger brother is Clodio, a mere coxcomb.—C. Cibber, <i>Love +Makes a Man</i> (1694).</p> + +<p><i>Carlos</i> (under the assumed name of the marquis D'Antas) married +Ogari´ta, but as the marriage was effected under a false name it was not +binding, and Ogarita left Carlos to marry Horace de Brienne. Carlos was +a great villain: he murdered a man to steal from him the plans of some +Californian mines. Then embarking in the <i>Urania</i>, he induced the crew +to rebel in order to obtain mastery of the ship. "Gold was the object of +his desire, and gold he obtained." Ultimately, his villainies being +discovered, he was given up to the hands of justice.—E. Stirling, <i>The +Orphan of the Frozen Sea</i> (1856).</p> + +<p><i>Carlos (Don)</i>, son of Philip II. of Portugal; deformed in person, +violent and vindictive in disposition. Don Carlos was to have married +Elizabeth of France, but his father supplanted him. Subsequently he +expected to marry the arch-duchess Anne, daughter of the emperor +Maximilian, but her father opposed the match. In 1564 Philip II. settled +the succession on Rodolph and Ernest, his nephews, declaring Carlos +incapable. This drove Carlos into treason, and he joined the Netherlands +in a war against his father. He was apprehended and condemned to death, +but was killed in prison. This has furnished the subject of several +tragedies: <i>i.e.</i>, Otway's <i>Don Carlos</i> (1672), in English; those of +J.G. de Campistron (1683) and M.J. de Chénier (1789) in French; J.C.F. +Schiller (1798) in German; Alfieri in Italian, about the same time.</p> + +<p><i>Car'los (Don)</i>, the friend of don Alonzo, and the betrothed husband of +Leono'ra, whom he resigns to Alonzo out of friendship. After marriage, +Zanga induces Alonzo to believe that Leonora and don Carlos entertain a +criminal love for each other, whereupon Alonzo, out of jealousy, has +Carlos put to death, and Leonora kills herself.—Edward Young, <i>The +Revenge</i> (1721).</p> + +<p><i>Carlos (Don)</i>, husband of donna Victoria. He gave the deeds of his +wife's estate to donna Laura, a courtesan, and Victoria, in order to +recover them, assumed the disguise of a man, took the name of Florio, +and made love to her. Having secured a footing, Florio introduced Gaspar +as the wealthy uncle of Victoria, and Gaspar told Laura the deeds in her +hand were utterly worthless. Laura in a fit of temper tore them to +atoms, and thus Carlos recovered the estate and was rescued from +impending ruin.—Mrs. Cowley, <i>A Bold Stroke for a Husband</i> (1782).</p> + +<p><b>Carlton</b> (<i>Admiral George</i>), George IV., author of <i>The Voyage +of—in search of Loyalty</i>, a poetic epistle (1820).</p> + +<p><b>Carmen</b>, the fisherman's wife who, in Lufcadio Hearn's story +<i>Chita</i>, adopts the baby dragged by her husband from the surf, and takes +it to her heart in place of the child she has lost (1889).</p> + +<p><i>Carmen (Eschelle)</i>, beautiful, ambitious, and intriguing New York +society girl.—Charles Dudley Warner, <i>A Little Journey in the World</i> +(1889).</p> + +<p><b>Car´milhan,</b> the "phantom ship." The captain of this ship swore he +would double the Cape, whether God willed it or not, for which impious +vow he was doomed to abide forever and ever captain in the same vessel, +which always appears near the Cape, but never doubles it. The kobold of +the phantom ship is named Klabot´erman, a kobold who helps sailors at +their work, but beats those who are idle. When a vessel is doomed the +kobold appears smoking a short pipe, dressed in yellow, and wearing a +night-cap.</p> + +<p><b>Caro,</b> the Flesh or "natural man" personified. Phineas Fletcher says +"this dam of sin" is a hag of loathsome shape, arrayed in steel, +polished externally, but rusty within. On her shield is the device of a +mermaid, with the motto, "Hear, Gaze, and Die."—<i>The Purple Island</i>, +vii. (1633).</p> + +<p><b>Caroline,</b> queen-consort of George II., introduced by sir W. Scott +in <i>The Heart of Midlothian</i>. Jeanie Deans has an interview with her in +the gardens at Richmond, and her majesty promises to intercede with the +king for Effie Deans's pardon.</p> + +<p><b>Caros or Carausius</b>, a Roman captain, native of Belgic Gaul. The +emperor Maximian employed Caros to defend the coast of Gaul against the +Franks and Saxons. He acquired great wealth and power, but fearing to +excite the jealousy of Maximian, he sailed for Britain, where (in A.D. +287) he caused himself to be proclaimed emperor. Caros resisted all +attempts of the Romans to dislodge him, so that they ultimately +acknowledged his independence. He repaired Agricola's wall to obstruct +the incursions of the Caledonians, and while he was employed on this +work was attacked by a party commanded by Oscar, son of Ossian and +grandson of Fingal. "The warriors of Caros fled, and Oscar remained like +a rock left by the ebbing sea."—Ossian, <i>The War of Caros</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Carpath'ian Wizard</b> (<i>The</i>), Proteus (2 <i>syl</i>.), who lived in the +island of Car'pathos, in the Archipelago. He was a wizard, who could +change his form at will. Being the sea-god's shepherd, he carried a +crook.</p> + +<p>[<i>By</i>] the Carpathian wizard's book [<i>crook</i>]. Milton, <i>Comus</i>, 872 +(1634).</p> + +<p><b>Carpet</b> (<i>Prince Housain's</i>), a magic carpet, to all appearances +quite worthless, but it would transport any one who sat on it to any +part of the world in a moment. This carpet is sometimes called "the +magic carpet of Tangu," because it came from Tangu, in Persia.—<i>Arabian +Nights</i> ("Prince Ahmed").</p> + +<p><i>Carpet</i> (<i>Solomon's</i>). Solomon had a green silk carpet, on which his +throne was set. This carpet was large enough for all his court to stand +on; human beings stood on the right side of the throne, and spirits on +the left. When Solomon wished to travel he told the wind where to set +him down, and the carpet with all its contents rose into the air and +alighted at the proper place. In hot weather the birds of the air, with +outspread wings, formed a canopy over the whole party.—Sale, <i>Korân</i>, +xxvii. (notes).</p> + +<p><b>Carpil'lona</b> (<i>Princess</i>), the daughter of Subli'mus king of the +Peaceable Islands. Sublimus, being dethroned by a usurper, was with his +wife, child, and a foundling boy thrown into a dungeon, and kept there +for three years. The four captives then contrived to escape; but the +rope which held the basket in which Carpillona was let down snapped +asunder, and she fell into the lake. Sublimus and the other two lived in +retirement as a shepherd family, and Carpillona, being rescued by a +fisherman, was brought up by him as his daughter. When the "Humpbacked" +Prince dethroned the usurper of the Peaceable Islands, Carpillona was +one of the captives, and the "Humpbacked" Prince wanted to make her his +wife; but she fled in disguise, and came to the cottage home of +Sublimus, where she fell in love with his foster-son, who proved to be +half-brother of the "Humpbacked" Prince. Ultimately, Carpillona married +the foundling, and each succeeded to a kingdom.—Comtesse D'Aunoy, +<i>Fairy Tales</i> ("Princess Carpillona," 1682).</p> + +<p><b>Car'pio</b> (<i>Bernardo del</i>), natural son of don Sancho, and doña +Ximena, surnamed "The Chaste." It was Bernardo del Carpio who slew +Roland at Roncesvallês (4 <i>syl.</i>). In Spanish romance he is a very +conspicuous figure.</p> + +<p><b>Carras'co</b> (<i>Samson</i>), son of Bartholomew Carrasco. He is a +licentiate of much natural humor, who flatters don Quixote, and +persuades him to undertake a second tour.</p> + +<p><b>Carrier</b> <i>(Martha)</i>, a Salem goodwife, tried and executed for +witchcraft. To Rev. Cotton Mather's narrative of her crimes and +punishment is appended this memorandum:</p> + +<p>This rampant hag, Martha Carrier, was the person of whom the confessions +of the witches, and of her own children among the rest, agreed that the +devil had promised her she should be Queen of Hell.—Cotton Mather, <i>The +Wonders of the Invisible World</i> (1693).</p> + +<p><b>Carril</b>, the gray-headed, son of Kinfe'na bard of Cuthullin, general +of the Irish tribes.—Ossian, <i>Fingal</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Carrlllo</b> <i>(Fray)</i> was never to be found in his own cell, according +to a famous Spanish epigram.</p> + +<p>Like Fray Carillo, the only place in which one cannot find him Is his +own cell.</p> + +<p>Longfellow, <i>The Spanish Student</i>, i. 5.</p> + +<p><b>Car'rol,</b> deputy usher at Kenilworth Castle.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Kenilworth</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><b>Car'stone</b> <i>(Richard)</i>, cousin of Ada Clare, both being wards in +Chancery interested in the great suit of "Jarndyce <i>v</i>. Jarndyce." +Richard Carstone is a "handsome youth, about nineteen, of ingenuous +face, and with a most engaging laugh." He marries his cousin Ada, and +lives in hope that the suit will soon terminate and make him rich. In +the meantime he tries to make two ends meet, first by the profession of +medicine, then by that of law, then by the army; but the rolling stone +gathers no moss, and the poor fellow dies of the sickness of hope +deferred.—C. Dickens, <i>Bleak House</i> (1853).</p> + +<p><b>Cartaph'ilus,</b> the Wandering Jew of <i>Jewish</i> story. Tradition says +he was doorkeeper of the judgment-hall, in the service of Pontius +Pilate, and, as he led our Lord from the judgment-hall, struck Him, +saying "Get on! Faster, Jesus!" Whereupon the Man of Sorrows replied, "I +am going fast, Cartaphilus; but tarry thou till I come again." After the +crucifixion, Cartaphilus was baptized by the same Anani'as who baptized +Paul, and received the name of Joseph. At the close of every century he +falls into a trance, and wakes up after a time a young man about thirty +years of age.—<i>Book of the Chronicles of the Abbey of St. Allans</i>.</p> + +<p>(This "book" was copied and continued by Matthew Paris, and contains the +earliest account of the Wandering Jew, A.D. 1228. In 1242 Philip +Mouskes, afterwards bishop of Tournay, wrote the "rhymed chronicle.")</p> + +<p><b>Carter</b> <i>(Mrs. Deborah</i>), housekeeper to Surplus the lawyer.—J. M. +Morton, <i>A Regular Fix</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Car'thage</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.). When Dido came to Africa she bought of the +natives "as much land as could be encompassed with a bull's hide." The +agreement being made, Dido cut the hide into thongs, so as to enclose a +space sufficiently large for a citadel, which she called Bursa "the +hide." (Greek, <i>bursa</i>, "a bull's hide.")</p> + +<p>The following is a similar story in Russian history:—The Yakutsks +granted to the Russian explorers as much land as they could encompass +with a cow's hide; but the Russians, cutting the hide into strips, +obtained land enough for the town and fort which they called Yakutsk.</p> + +<p><b>Carthage of the North.</b> Lübeck was so called when it was the head of +the Hanseatic League.</p> + +<p><b>Car'thon</b>, son of Cless'ammor and Moina, was born while Clessammor +was in flight, and his mother died in childbirth. When he was three +years old, Comhal (Fingal's father) took and burnt Balclutha (a town +belonging to the Britons, on the Clyde), but Carthon was carried away +safely by his nurse. When grown to man's estate, Carthon resolved to +revenge this attack on Balclutha, and accordingly invaded Morven, the +kingdom of Fingal. After overthrowing two of Fingal's heroes, Carthon +was slain by his own father, who knew him not; but when Clessammor +learnt that it was his own son whom he had slain, he mourned for him +three days, and on the fourth he died.—Ossian, <i>Carthon</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Car'ton</b> <i>(Sydney)</i>, a friend of Charles Darnay, whom he personally +resembled. Sydney Carton loved Lucie Manette, but knowing of her +attachment to Darnay, never attempted to win her. Her friendship, +however, called out his good qualities, and he nobly died instead of his +friend.—C. Dickens, <i>A Tale of Two Cities</i> (1859).</p> + +<p><b>Cartouche</b>, an eighteenth century highwayman. He is the French Dick +Turpin.</p> + +<p><b>Ca'rus</b> <i>(Slow)</i>, in Garth's <i>Dispensary</i>, is Dr. Tyson (1649-1708).</p> + +<p><b>Caryati'des</b> (5 <i>syl</i>.), or <b>Carya'tes (4</b> <i>syl</i>.), female +figures in Greek costume, used in architecture to support entablatures +Ca'rya, in Arcadia, sided with the Persians when they invaded Greece, so +after the battle of Thermop'ylae, the victorious Greeks destroyed the +city, slew the men, and made the women slaves, Praxit'elês, to +perpetuate the disgrace, employed figures of Caryan women with Persian +men, for architectural columns.</p> + +<p><b>Cas'ca,</b> a blunt-witted Roman, and one of the conspirators who +assassinated Julius Cæsar. He is called "Honest Casca," meaning +<i>plain-spoken.</i>—Shakespeare, <i>Julius Cæsar</i> (1607).</p> + +<p><b>Casch'casch,</b> a hideous genius, "hunch-backed, lame, and blind of +one eye; with six horns on his head, and both his hands and feet +hooked." The fairy Maimou'nê (3 <i>syl</i>.) summoned him to decide which was +the more beautiful, "the prince Camaral'zaman or the princess Badou'ra," +but he was unable to determine the knotty point.—<i>Arabian Nights</i> +("Camaralzaman and Badoura").</p> + +<p><b>Casel'la</b>, a musician and friend of the poet Dantê, introduced in +his <i>Purgatory</i>, ii. On arriving at purgatory, the poet sees a vessel +freighted with souls come to be purged of their sins and made fit for +paradise; among them he recognizes his friend Casella, whom he "woos to +sing;" whereupon Casella repeats with enchanting sweetness the words of +[Dantê's] second canzone.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dantê shall give Fame leave to set thee higher</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Than his Casella, whom he wooed to sing,</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Met in the milder shades of purgatory.</span><br> +<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Milton, <i>Sonnet</i>, xiii. (To H. Lawes).</span><br> + +<p><b>Casey</b>, landlord of the tavern on "Red Hoss Mountain" in Eugene +Field's poem <i>Casey's Table d'Hôte</i>.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He drifted for a fortune to the undeveloped West,</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he come to Eed Hoss Mountain when the little camp was new,</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When the money flowed like likker, an' the folks wuz brave an'</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">true,</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, havin' been a stewart on a Mississippi boat,</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He opened up a caffy, 'nd he run a <i>tabble dote</i>.</span><br> +<br> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">(1889.)</span><br> + +<p><b>Cas'par,</b> master of the horse to the baron of Arnheim. Mentioned in +Donnerhugel's narrative.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, +Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><i>Cas'par</i>, a man who sold himself to Za'miel the Black Huntsman. The +night before the expiration of his life-lease, he bargained for a +respite of three years, on condition of bringing Max into the power of +the fiend. On the day appointed for the prize-shooting, Max aimed at a +dove but killed Caspar, and Zamiel carried off his victim to "his own +place."—Weber's opera, <i>Der Freischüte</i> (1822).</p> + +<p><b>Cass</b> (<i>Godfrey</i>), young farmer in <i>Silas Marner</i>, by George Eliot. +Father of the heroine.</p> + +<p><b>Cassan'dra</b>, daughter of Priam, gifted with the power of prophecy; +but Apollo, whom she had offended, cursed her with the ban "that no one +should ever believe her predictions."—Shakespeare, <i>Troilus and +Cressida</i> (1602).</p> + +<p><b>Cassel</b> (<i>Count</i>), an empty-headed, heart less, conceited puppy, +who pays court to Amelia Wildenhaim, but is too insufferable to be endured. +He tells her he "learnt delicacy in Italy, hauteur in Spain, enterprise +in France, prudence in Russia, sincerity in England, and love in the wilds +of America," for civilized nations have long since substituted intrigue +for love.—Inchbald, <i>Lovers' Vows</i> (1800), altered from Kotzebue.</p> + +<p><b>Cassi</b>, the inhabitants of Hertfordshire or Cassio.—Cæsar, +<i>Commentaries</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Cassib'ellaun</b> or <b>Cassib'elan</b> (probably "Caswallon"), brother +and successor of Lud. He was king of Britain when Julius Cæsar invaded +the island. Geoffrey of Monmouth says, in his <i>British History</i>, that +Cassibellaun routed Cæsar, and drove him back to Gaul (bk. iv. 3, 5). +In Cæsar's second invasion, the British again vanquished him (ch. 7), +and "sacrificed to their gods as a thank-offering 40,000 cows, 100,000 +sheep, 30,000 wild beasts, and fowls without number" (ch. 8). Androg'eus +(4 <i>syl</i>.) "duke of Trinovantum," with 5000 men, having joined the Roman +forces, Cassibellaun was worsted, and agreed "to pay 3000 pounds of +silver yearly in tribute to Rome." Seven years after this Cassibellaun +died and was buried at York.</p> + +<p>In Shakespeare's <i>Cymbeline</i> the name is called "Cassibelan."</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Polyænus of Macedon tells us that Cæsar had a huge +elephant armed with scales of iron, with a tower on its back, filled +with archers and slingers. When this beast entered the sea, +Cassivelaunus and the Britons, who had never seen an elephant, were +terrified, and their horses fled in affright, so that the Romans were +able to land without molestation.—Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, viii.</p> + +There the hive of Roman liars worship a gluttonous emperor-idiot.<br> +Such is Rome ... hear it, spirit of Cassivelaun.<br> +<br> +Tennyson, <i>Boadicea</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Cas'silane</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), general of Candy and father of +Annophel.—<i>Laws of Candy</i> (1647).</p> + +<p><b>Cassim</b>, brother of Ali Baba, a Persian. He married an heiress and +soon became one of the richest merchants of the place. When he +discovered that his brother had made himself rich by hoards from the +robbers' cave, Cassim took ten mules charged with panniers to carry away +part of the same booty. "Open Sesamê!" he cried, and the door opened. He +filled his sacks, but forgot the magic word. "Open Barley!" he cried, +but the door remained closed. Presently the robber band returned, and +cut him down with their sabres. They then hacked the carcass into four +parts, placed them near the door, and left the cave. Ali Baba carried +off the body and had it decently interred.—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("Ali Baba, +or the Forty Thieves").</p> + +<p><b>Cas'sio</b> (<i>Michael</i>), a Florentine, lieutenant in the Venetian army +under the command of Othello. Simple minded but not strong-minded, and +therefore easily led by others who possessed greater power of will. +Being overcome with wine, he engaged in a street-brawl, for which he was +suspended by Othello, but Desdemona pleaded for his restoration. Iago +made capital of this intercession to rouse the jealousy of the Moor. +Cassio's "almost" wife was Bianca, his mistress.—Shakespeare, <i>Othello</i> +(1611).</p> + +<p>"Cassio" is brave, benevolent, and honest, ruined only by his want of +stubbornness to resist an insidious invitation.—Dr. Johnson.</p> + +<p><b>Cassiodo'rus</b> (<i>Marcus Aurelius</i>), a great +statesman and learned writer of the sixth +century, who died at the age of one hundred, +in A.D. 562. He filled many high +offices under Theod'oric, but ended his +days in a convent.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Listen awhile to a learned prelection</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">On Marcus Aurelius Cassiodorus.</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Longfellow, <i>The Golden Legend</i>.</span><br> + +<p><b>Cassiopeia</b>, wife of Ce'pheus (2 <i>syl</i>.) +king of Ethiopia, and mother of Androm'eda. +She boasted herself to be fairer than +the sea-nymphs, and Neptune, to punish +her, sent a huge sea-serpent to ravage her +husband's kingdom. At death she was +made a constellation, consisting of thirteen +stars, the largest of which form a "chair" +or imperfect W.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 6.5em;">... had you been</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Sphered up with Cassiopeia.</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 8em;">Tennyson, <i>The Princess</i>, iv.</span><br> + +<p><b>Cassius</b>, instigator of the conspiracy +against Julius Cæsar, and friend of Brutus. +—Shakespeare, <i>Julius Ccesar</i> (1607).</p> + +<i>Brutus</i>. The last of all the Romans, fare thee<br> +well!<br> +It is impossible that ever Rome<br> +Should breed thy fellow. Friends, I owe more<br> +tears<br> +To this dead man than you shall see me pay.<br> +I shall find time, Cassius, I shall find time.<br> +Act. v. sc. 3.<br> + +<p>Charles Mayne Young trod the boards with freedom. His countenance was +equally well adapted for the expression of pathos or of pride; thus in +such parts as "Hamlet," "Beverley," "The Stranger," "Pierre," "Zanga," +and "Cassius," he looked the men he represented.—Rev. J. Young, <i>Life +of G. M. Young</i>.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> "Hamlet" (Shakespeare); "Beverley" (<i>The Gamester</i>, +Moore); "The Stranger" (B. Thompson); "Pierre" (<i>Venice Preserved</i>, +Otway); "Zanga" (<i>Revenge</i>, Young).</p> + +<p><b>Cassy</b>, a colored woman, mistress of Legree, in Harriet Beecher +Stowe's <i>Uncle Tom's Cabin</i>. Disgusted with her master and with her +life, she befriends another woman, even more helpless than herself, and +by stratagem and force of will contrives her escape (1852).</p> + +<p><b>Castagnette</b> <i>(Captain)</i>, a hero whose stomach was replaced by a +leather one made by Desgenettes [<i>Da'.ge.net</i>'], but his career was soon +ended by a bomb-shell, which blew him into atoms,—Manuel, <i>A French +Extravaganza</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Casta'lio</b>, son of lord Acasto, and Polydore's twin-brother. Both +the brothers loved their father's ward, Monim'ia "the orphan." The love +of Polydore was dishonorable love, but Castalio loved her truly and +married her in private. On the bridal night Polydore by treachery took +his brother's place, and next day, when Monimia discovered the deceit +which had been practised on her, and Polydore heard that Monimia was +really married to his brother, the bride poisoned herself, the adulterer +ran upon his brother's sword, and the husband stabbed himself.—Otway, +<i>The Orphan</i> (1680).</p> + +<p><b>Casta'ra,</b> the lady addressed by Wm. Habington in his poems. She was +Lucy Herbert (daughter of Wm. Herbert, first lord Powis), and became his +wife. (Latin, <i>casta</i>, "chaste.")</p> + +If then, Castara, I in heaven nor move,<br> +Nor earth, nor hell, where am I but in love?<br> +W. Habington, <i>To Castara</i> (died 1654).<br> + +<p>The poetry of Habington shows that he possessed ... a real passion for a +lady of birth and virtue, the "Castara" whom he afterwards +married.—Hallam.</p> + +<p><b>Cas'tlewood</b> (<i>Beatrix</i>), the heroine of <i>Esmond</i>, a novel by +Thackeray, the "finest picture of splendid lustrous physical beauty ever +given to the world."</p> + +<p><b>Cas'tor</b> (<i>Steph'anos</i>), the wrestler.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Count Robert +of Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p> + +<p><i>Castor</i>, of classic fable, is the son of Jupiter and Leda, and +twin-brother of Pollux. The brothers were so attached to each other that +Jupiter set them among the stars, where they form the constellation +<i>Gemini</i> ("the twins"). Castor and Pollux are called the <i>Dios'curi</i> or +"sons of Dios," <i>i.e.</i> Jove.</p> + +<p><b>Cas'triot</b> (<i>George</i>), called by the Turks "Scanderbeg" (1404-1467). +George Castriot was son of an Albanian prince, delivered as a hostage to +Amurath II. He won such favor from the sultan that he was put in command +of 5000 men, but abandoned the Turks in the battle of Mora'va (1443).</p> + +This is the first dark blot<br> +On thy name, George Castriot.<br> + +<p>Longfellow, <i>The Wayside Inn</i> (an interlude).</p> + +<p><b>Castruc'cio Castraca'ni's Sword.</b></p> + +<p>When Victor Emmanuel II went to Tuscany, the path from Lucca to Pistoia +was strewed with roses. At Pistoia the orphan heirs of Pucci'ni met him, +bearing a sword, and said, "This is the sword of Castruccio Castracani, +the great Italian soldier, and head of the Ghibelines in the fourteenth +century. It was committed to our ward and keeping till some patriot +should arise to deliver Italy and make it free." Victor Emmanuel, +seizing the hilt, exclaimed, "<i>Questa è per me</i>!" ("This is for me.") +—E. B. Browning, <i>The Sword of Castruccio Castracani.</i></p> + +<p><b>Cas'yapa.</b> The father of the immortals, who dwells in the mountain +called Hemacû'ta or Himakoot, under the Tree of Life, is called +"Casyapa." Southey, <i>Curse of Kehama</i>. Canto vi. (1809).</p> + +<p><b>Cateucla'ni,</b> called <i>Catieuchla'ni</i> by Ptolemy, and <i>Cassii</i> by +Richard of Cirencester. They occupied Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire, and +Hertfordshire. Drayton refers to them in his <i>Polyolbion</i>, xvi.</p> + +<p><b>Catgut</b> (<i>Dr.</i>), a caricature of Dr. Arne in <i>The Commissary</i>, by +Sam. Foote (1765).</p> + +<p><b>Cath'arine,</b> queen-consort of Charles II; introduced by sir W. Scott +in <i>Peveril of the Peak</i>. (See CATHERINE, and also under the letter K.)</p> + +<p><i>Cath'arine (St.)</i> of Alexandria (fourth century), patron saint of girls +and virgins generally. Her real name was Dorothea; but St. Jerome says +she was called Catharine from the Syriac word <i>Kethar</i> or <i>Kathar</i>, "a +crown," because she won the triple crown of martyrdom, virginity, and +wisdom. She was put to death on a wheel, November 25, which is her +<i>fête</i> day.</p> + +<p><i>To braid St. Catharine's hair</i> means "to live a virgin."</p> + +Thou art too fair to be left to braid St. Catharine's<br> +tresses.<br> + +<p>Longfellow, <i>Evangeline</i> (1848).</p> + +<p><b>Cath'ba,</b> son of Torman, beloved by Morna, daughter of Cormac king +of Ireland. He was killed out of jealousy by Duchô'mar, and when +Duchômar told Morna and asked her to marry him she replied, "Thou art +dark to me, Duchômar; cruel is thine arm to Morna. Give me that sword, +my foe;" and when he gave it, she "pierced his manly breast," and he +died.</p> + +<p>Cathba, young son of Torman, thou art of the love of Morna. Thou art a +sunbeam in the day of the gloomy storm.—Ossian, <i>Fingal</i>, i.</p> + +<p><b>Cath'erine,</b> wife of Mathis, in <i>The Polish Jew</i>, by J. R. Ware.</p> + +<p><i>Catherine</i>, the somewhat uninteresting heroine of <i>Washington Square</i>, +by Henry James, a commonplace creature made more commonplace by the dull +routine of wealthy respectability (1880).</p> + +<p><i>Catherine (The countess</i>), usually called "The Countess," falls in love +with Huon, a serf, her secretary and tutor. Her pride revolts at the +match, but her love is masterful. When the duke her father is told of +it, he insists on Huon's marrying Catherine, a freed serf, on pain of +death. Huon refuses to do so till the countess herself entreats him to +comply. He then rushes to the wars, where he greatly distinguishes +himself, is created prince, and learns that his bride is not Catherine +the quondam serf, but Catherine the duke's daughter.—S. Knowles, +<i>Love</i> (1840).</p> + +<p><b>Cath'erine of Newport</b>, the wife of Julian Avenel (2 <i>syl.).</i>—Sir +W. Scott, <i>The</i> <i>Monastery</i> (time, Elizabeth). (See CATHARINE, and under +K.)</p> + +<p><b>Cath'leen,</b> one of the attendants on Flora M'Ivor.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Waverley</i> (time, Greorge II.).</p> + +<p><b>Cath'lin of Clu'tha,</b> daughter of Cathmol. Duth-Carmor of Cluba had +slain Cathmol in battle, and carried off Cathlin by force, but she +contrived to make her escape and craved aid of Fingal. Ossian and Oscar +were selected to espouse her cause, and when they reached Rathcol (where +Duth-Carmor lived), Ossian resigned the command of the battle to his son +Oscar. Oscar and Duth-Carmor met in combat, and the latter fell. The +victor carried the mail and helmet of Duth-Carmor to Cathlin, and +Cathlin said, "Take the mail and place it high in Selma's hall, that you +may remember the helpless in a distant land."—Ossian, <i>Cathlin of +Clutha</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Cath'mor,</b> younger brother of Cair'bar ("lord of Atha"), but totally +unlike him. Cairbar was treacherous and malignant; Cathmor high-minded +and hospitable. Cairbar murdered Cormac king of Ireland, and having +inveigled Oscar (son of Ossian) to a feast, vamped up a quarrel, in +which both fell. Cathmor scorned such treachery. Cathmore is the second +hero of the poem called <i>Tem'ora</i>, and falls by the hand of Fingal (bk. +viii.).</p> + +<p>Cathmor, the friend of strangers, the brother of red-haired Cairbar. +Their souls were not the same. The light of heaven was in the bosom of +Cathmor. His towers rose on the banks of Atha; seven paths led to his +halls; seven chiefs stood on the paths and called strangers to the +feast. But Cathmor dwelt in the wood, to shun the voice of +praise.—Ossian, <i>Temora</i>, i.</p> + +<p><b>Cath'olic</b> <i>(The).</i> Alfonso I. of Asturias, called by Gregory III. +<i>His Catholic Majesty</i> (693, 739-757).</p> + +<p>Ferdinand II. of Ar'agon, husband of Isabella. Also called <i>Rusé</i>, "the +wily" (1452, 1474-1516).</p> + +<p>Isabella wife of Ferdinand II. of Aragon, so called for her zeal in +establishing the Inquisition (1450, 1474-1504).</p> + +<p><b>Catholic Majesty</b> <i>(Catholica Majestad</i>), the special title of the +kings of Spain. It was first given to king Recared (590) in the third +Council of Toledo, for his zeal in rooting out the "Arian heresy."</p> + +<p>Cui a Deo æternum meritum nisi vero Catholico Recaredo regi? Cui a Deo +æterna corona nisi vero orthodoxo Recaredo regi?—<i>Gregor.</i> <i>Mag.</i>, 127 +and 128.</p> + +<p>But it was not then settled as a fixed title to the kings of Spain. In +1500 Alexander VI. gave the title to Ferdinand V. king of Aragon and +Castile, and from that time it became annexed to the Spanish crown.</p> + +<p>Ab Alexandro pontifice Ferdinandus "Catholici" cognomentum accepit in +posteros cum regno transfusum stabili possessione. Honorum titulos +principibus dividere pontincibus Romanis datur.—Mariana, <i>De Rebus +Hesp</i>., xxvi. 12; see also vii. 4.</p> + +<p><b>Ca'thos,</b> cousin of Madelon, brought up by her uncle Gor'gibus, a +plain citizen in the middle rank of life. These two silly girls have had +their heads turned by novels, and thinking their names commonplace, +Cathos calls herself Aminta, and her cousin adopts the name of +Polix'ena. Two gentlemen wish to marry them, but the girls consider +their manners too unaffected and easy to be "good style," so the +gentlemen send their valets to represent the "marquis of Mascarille" and +the "viscount of Jodelet." The girls are delighted with these +"distinguished noblemen;" but when the game has gone far enough, the +masters enter, and lay bare the trick. The girls are taught a useful +lesson, without being involved in any fatal ill consequences.—Molière, +<i>Les Précieuses Ridicules</i> (1659).</p> + +<p><b>Cathul'la,</b> king of Inistore (<i>the Orkneys</i>) and brother of Coma'la +(<i>q.v.</i>). Fingal, on coming in sight of the palace, observed a +beacon-flame on its top as signal of distress, for Frothal king of Sora +had besieged it. Fingal attacked Frothal, engaged him in single combat, +defeated him, and made him prisoner.—Ossian, <i>Carrick-Thura.</i></p> + +<p><b>Cat'iline</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a Roman patrician, who headed a conspiracy to +overthrow the Government, and obtain for himself and his followers all +places of power and trust. The conspiracy was discovered by Cicero. +Catiline escaped and put himself at the head of his army, but fell in +the battle after fighting with desperate daring (B.C. 62). Ben Jonson +wrote a tragedy called <i>Catiline</i> (1611), and Voltaire, in his <i>Rome +Sauvée</i>, has introduced the conspiracy and death of Catiline (1752).</p> + +<p><b>Ca'to,</b> the hero and title of a tragedy by +J. Addison (1713). Disgusted with Cæsar, +Cato retired to U'tica (in Africa), where he +had a small republic and mimic senate; +but Cæsar resolved to reduce Utica as he +had done the rest of Africa, and Cato, finding +resistance hopeless, fell on his own +sword.</p> + +Tho' stern and awful to the foes of Rome,<br> +He is all goodness, Lucia, always mild,<br> +Compassionate, and gentle to his friends;<br> +Filled with domestic tenderness.<br> +Act v. 1.<br> + +<p>When Barton Booth [1713] first appeared as "Cato," Bolingbroke called +him into his box and gave him fifty guineas for defending the cause of +liberty so well against a perpetual dictator.—<i>Life of Addison</i>.</p> + +<p><i>He is a Cato</i>, a man of simple habits, severe morals, strict justice, +and blunt speech, but of undoubted integrity and patriotism, like the +Roman censor of that name, the grandfather of the Cato of Utica, who +resembled him in character and manners.</p> + +<p><b>Cato and Hortens'ius.</b> Cato of Utica's second wife was Martia +daughter of Philip. He allowed her to live with his friend Hortensius, +and after the death of Hortensius took her back again.</p> + +<i>[Sultans]</i> don't agree at all with the wise Roman,<br> +Heroic, stoic Cato, the sententious,<br> +Who lent his lady to his friend Hortensius.<br> + +<p>Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, vi. 7 (1821).</p> + +<p><b>Catul'lus.</b> Lord Byron calls Thomas Moore the "British Catullus," +referring to a volume of amatory poems published in 1808, under the +pseudonym of "Thomas Little."</p> + +'Tis Little! young Catullus of his day,<br> +As sweet but as immoral as his lay.<br> + +<p>Byron, <i>English Bards and Scotch Reviewers</i> +(1809).</p> + +<p><i>The Oriental Catullus</i>, Saadi or Sadi, a Persian poet. He married a +rich merchant's daughter, but the marriage was an unhappy one. His chief +works are <i>The Gulistan</i> (or "garden of roses") and <i>The Bostan</i> (or +"garden of fruits") (1176-1291).</p> + +<p><b>Cau'dle</b> <i>(Mrs. Margaret</i>), a curtain lecturer, who between eleven +o'clock at night and seven the next morning delivered for thirty years a +curtain lecture to her husband Job Caudle, generally a most gentle +listener; if he replied she pronounced him insufferably rude, and if he +did not he was insufferably sulky.—Douglas Jerrold, <i>Punch</i> ("The +Caudle Papers").</p> + +<p><b>Cau'line</b> <i>(Sir)</i>, a knight who served the wine to the king of +Ireland. He fell in love with Christabelle (3 <i>syl</i>.), the +king's-daughter, and she became his troth-plight wife, without her +father's knowledge. When the king knew of it, he banished sir Cauline (2 +<i>syl</i>.). After a time the Soldain asked the lady in marriage, but sir +Cauline challenged his rival and slew him. He himself, however, died of +the wounds he had received, and the lady Christabelle, out of grief, +"burst her gentle hearte in twayne."—Percy's <i>Reliques</i>, I. i. 4.</p> + +<p><b>Cau'rus,</b> the stormy west-north-west wind; called in Greek +<i>Argestês</i>.</p> + +The ground by piercing Caurus seared.<br> + +<p>Thomson, <i>Castle of Indolence</i>, ii. (1748).</p> + +<p><b>Caustic</b>, of the <i>Despatch</i> newspaper, was the signature of Mr. +Serle.</p> + +<p><i>Christopher Caustic</i>, the pseudonym of Thomas Green Fessenden, author +of <i>Terrible Tractoration</i>, a Hudibrastic poem (1771-1837).</p> + +<p><i>Caustic</i> (<i>Colonel</i>), a fine gentleman of the last century, very severe +on the degeneracy of the present race.—Henry Mackenzie, in <i>The +Lounger</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Ca'va,</b> or <i>Florida</i>, daughter of St. Julian. It was the violation +of Cava by Roderick that brought about the war between the Goths and the +Moors, in which Roderick was slain (A.D. 711).</p> + +<p><b>Cavalier</b> <i>(The).</i> Eon de Beaumont, called by the French <i>Le +Chevalier d'Eon</i> (1728-1810). Charles Breydel, the Flemish landscape +painter (1677-1744). Francisco Cairo, the historian, called <i>El +Chavaliere del Cairo</i> (1598-1674). Jean le Clerc, <i>Le Chevalier</i> +(1587-1633). J. Bapt. Marini, the Italian poet, called <i>Il Cavaliere</i> +(1569-1625). Andrew Michael Ramsay (1686-1743).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">James Francis Edward Stuart, the</p> + +<p>"Old Pretender," was styled <i>Le Chevalier de St. George</i> (1688-1765). +Charles Edward, the "Young Pretender," was styled <i>The Bonnie Chevalier</i> +or <i>The Young Cavalier</i> (1720-1788).</p> + +<p><b>Cavall</b>', "king Arthur's hound of deepest mouth."—Tennyson, <i>Idylls +of the King</i> ("Enid").</p> + +<p><b>Cav'endish,</b> author of <i>Principles of Whist</i>, and numerous +guide-books on games, as <i>Bézique, Piquet, Écarté, Billiards</i>, etc. +Henry Jones, editor of "Pastimes" in <i>The Field</i> and <i>The Queen</i> +newspapers (1831-).</p> + +<p><b>Cax'on</b> <i>(Old Jacob</i>), hairdresser of Jonathan Oldbuck ("the +antiquary") of Monkbarns.</p> + +<p><i>Jenny Caxon</i>, a milliner; daughter of Old Jacob.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The +Antiquary</i> (time, George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Caxton</b> <i>(Pisistratus)</i>, Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer Lytton, +baron Lytton, author of <i>My Novel</i> (1853); <i>What will He do with it?</i> +(1859); <i>Caxtoniania</i> (1863); <i>The Boatman</i> (1864).</p> + +<p><b>Cecil</b>, the hero of a novel so called by Mrs. Gore (1790-1861).</p> + +<p><b>Cecil Dreeme</b>, <i>alias</i> Clara Denman. The young woman assumes a man's +dress and character, and sustains it so well as to deceive those dearest +to her. She is kidnapped and in danger of death, and her rescuers +discover the truth.—Theodore Winthrop, <i>Cecil Dreeme</i> (1861).</p> + +<p><b>Cecilia</b>, belle of the village in which H. W. Longfellow's Kavanagh +is the clergyman. She wins his affections easily, unconsciously becoming +the rival of her dearest friend (1872).</p> + +<p><i>Cecilia (St.)</i>, the patroness of musicians and "inventor of the organ." +The legend says that an angel fell in love with Cecilia for her musical +skill, and nightly brought her roses from paradise. Her husband saw the +angel visitant, who gave to both a crown of martyrdom.</p> + +Thou seem'st to me like the angel<br> +That brought the immortal roses<br> +To St. Cecilia's bridal chamber.<br> +<br> +Longfellow, <i>The Golden Legend</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Ce'dric,</b> a thane of Rotherwood, and surnamed "the Saxon."—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Cel'adon and Ame'lia,</b> lovers of matchless beauty, and most devoted +to each other. Being overtaken by a thunderstorm, Amelia became alarmed, +but Celadon, folding his arm about her, said, "'Tis safety to be near +thee, sure;" but while he spoke, Amelia was struck by lightning and fell +dead in his arms.—Thomson, <i>The Seasons</i> ("Summer," 1727).</p> + +<p><b>Cele'no or Celsae'no,</b> chief of the harpies.</p> + +There on a craggy stone<br> +Celeno hung, and made his direful moan.<br> +Giles Fletcher, <i>Christ's Triumph [on Earth</i>]<br> +(1610).<br> + +<p><b>Ce'lia,</b> daughter of Frederick the usurping duke, and cousin of +Ros'alind, daughter of the banished duke. When Rosalind was driven from +her uncle's court, Celia determined to go with her to the forest of +Arden to seek out the banished duke, and for security's sake Rosalind +dressed in boy's clothes and called herself "Gan'ymede," while Celia +dressed as a peasant girl and called herself "Aliena." When they +reached Arden they lodged for a time in a shepherd's hut, and Oliver de +Boys was sent to tell them that his brother Orlando was hurt and could +not come to the hut as usual. Oliver and Celia fell in love with each +other, and their wedding-day was fixed. Ganymede resumed the dress of +Bosalind, and the two brothers married at the same time.—Shakespeare, +<i>As You Like It</i> (1598).</p> + +<p><i>Ce'lia</i>, a girl of sixteen, in Whitehead's comedy of <i>The School for +Lovers</i>. It was written expressly for Mrs. Cibber, daughter of Dr. Arne.</p> + +<p>Mrs. Cibber was at the time more than fifty years old, but the uncommon +symmetry and exact proportion in her form, with her singular vivacity, +enabled her to represent the character of "Celia" with all the juvenile +appearance marked by the author.—Percy, <i>Anecdotes</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Ce'lia</i>, a poetical name for any lady-love: as "Would you know my +Celia's charms ...?" Not unfrequently Streph'on is the wooer when Celia +is the wooed. Thomas Carew calls his "sweet sweeting" Celia; her real +name is not known.</p> + +<p><i>Ce'lia (Dame)</i>, mother of Faith, Hope, and Charity. She lived in the +hospice called Holiness. (Celia is from the Latin, <i>coelum</i>, +"heaven.")—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, i. 10 (1590).</p> + +<p><b>Celia Shaw</b>, a gentle-hearted mountain girl who, learning that her +father and his clan intend to "clean out" a family fifteen miles up the +mountain, steals out on a snowy night and makes her way to their hut to +warn them of their danger. She takes cold on the fearful journey, and +dies of consumption.—Charles Egbert Craddock, <i>In the Tennessee +Mountains</i> (1884).</p> + +<p><b>Célimène</b> (3<i>syl</i>.), a coquette courted by Alceste (2 <i>syl</i>.) the +"misanthrope" (a really good man, both upright and manly, but blunt in +behavior, rude in speech, and unconventional). Alceste wants Célimène to +forsake society and live with him in seclusion; this she refuses to do, +and he replies, as you cannot find, "tout en moi, comme moi tout en +vous, allez, je vous refuse." He then proposes to her cousin Eliante (3 +<i>syl</i>.), but Eliante tells him she is already engaged to his friend +Philinte (2 <i>syl</i>), and so the play ends.—Molière, <i>Le Misanthrope</i> +(1666).</p> + +<p>"Célimène" in Molière's <i>Les Précieuses Ridicules</i> is a mere dummy. She +is brought on the stage occasionally towards the end of the play, but +never utters one word, and seems a supernumerary of no importance at +all.</p> + +<p><b>Celin'da,</b> the victim of count Fathom's seduction.—Smollett, <i>Count +Fathom</i> (1754).</p> + +<p><b>Cel'lide</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), beloved by Valentine and his son Francisco. +The lady naturally prefers the younger man.—Beaumont and Fletcher, +<i>Mons. Thomas</i> (1619).</p> + +<p><b>Celtic Homer</b> <i>(The)</i>, Ossian, said to be of the third century.</p> + +<p>If Ossian lived at the introduction of Christianity, as by all +appearances he did, his epoch will be the latter end of the third and +beginning of the fourth century.</p> + +<p>The "Caracul" of Fingal, who is no other than Caracalla (son of Seve'rus +emperor of Rome), and the battle fought against Caros or Carausius ... +fix the epoch of Fingal to the third century, and Irish historians place +his death in the year 283. Ossian was Fingal's son.—<i>Era of Ossian.</i></p> + +<p><b>Cenci.</b> Francesco Cenci was a most profligate Roman noble, who had +four sons and one daughter, all of whom he treated with abominable +cruelty. It is said that he assassinated his two elder sons and +debauched his daughter Beatrice. Beatrice and her two surviving +brothers, with Lucretia (their mother), conspired against Francesco and +accomplished his death, but all except the youngest brother perished on +the scaffold, September 11, 1501.</p> + +<p>It has been doubted whether the famous portrait in the Barberini palace +at Rome is really of Beatrice Cenci, and even whether Guido Eeni was the +painter.</p> + +<p>Percy B. Shelley wrote a tragedy called <i>The Cenci</i> (1819).</p> + +<p><b>Cenimag'ni,</b> the inhabitants of Norfolk, Suffolk, and +Cambridge.—Cæsar, <i>Commentaries</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Centaur</b> (<i>The Blue</i>), a human form from the waist upwards, and a +goat covered with blue shag from the waist downwards. Like the Ogri, he +fed on human flesh.</p> + +<p>"Shepherds," said he, "I am the Blue Centaur. If you will give me every +third year a young child, I promise to bring a hundred of my kinsmen and +drive the Ogri away." ... He [<i>the Blue Centaur</i>] used to appear on the +top of a rock, with his club in one hand ... and with a terrible voice +cry out to the shepherds, "Leave me my prey, and be off with +you!"—Comtesse d'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> ("Princess Carpillona," 1682).</p> + +<p><b>Cen'tury White</b>, John White, the nonconformist lawyer. So called +from his chief work, entitled <i>The First Century of Scandalous, +Malignant Priests, etc.</i> (1590-1645).</p> + +<p><b>Ce'phal</b> (Greek, <i>Kephalê</i>), the Head personified, the "acropolis" +of <i>The Purple Island</i>, fully described in canto v. of that poem, by +Phineas Fletcher (1633).</p> + +<p><b>Ceph'alus</b> (in Greek, <i>Kephalos</i>). One day, overcome with heat, +Cephalus threw himself on the grass, and cried aloud, "Come, gentle +Aura, and this heat allay!" The words were told to his young wife +Procris, who, supposing Aura to be some rival, became furiously jealous. +Resolved to discover her rival, she stole next day to a covert, and soon +saw her husband come and throw himself on the bank, crying aloud, "Come, +gentle Zephyr; come, Aura, come, this heat allay!" Her mistake was +evident, and she was abont to throw herself into the arms of her +husband, when the young man, aroused by the rustling, shot an arrow into +the covert, supposing some wild beast was about to spring on him. +Procris was shot, told her tale, and died.—Ovid, <i>Art of Love</i>, iii.</p> + +<p>(Cephalus loves Procris, <i>i.e.</i> "the sun kisses the dew." Procris is +killed by Cephalus, <i>i.e.</i> "the dew is destroyed by the rays of the +sun.")</p> + +<p><b>Ceras'tes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the horned snake. (Greek, <i>keras</i>, "a horn.") +Milton uses the word in <i>Paradise Lost</i>, x. 525 (1665).</p> + +<p><b>Cerberus,</b> a dog with three heads, which keeps guard in hell. Dantê +places it in the third circle.</p> + +Cerberus, cruel monster, fierce and strange,<br> +Through his wide threefold throat barks as a dog ...<br> +His eyes glare crimson, black his unctuous beard,<br> +His belly large, and clawed the hands with which<br> +He tears the spirits, flays them, and their limbs<br> +Piecemeal disparts.<br> + +<p>Dantê, <i>Hell</i>, vi. (1300, Cary's translation).</p> + +<p><b>Cer'don,</b> the boldest of the rabble leaders in the encounter with +Hu'dibras at the bear-baiting. The original of this character was +Hewson, a one-eyed cobbler and preacher, who was also a colonel in the +Rump army.—S. Butler, <i>Hudibras</i>, i. 2 (1663).</p> + +<p><b>Ceres</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), the Fruits of Harvest personified. In classic +mythology Cerês means "Mother Earth," the protectress of fruits.</p> + +<p><i>Ceres</i>, the planet, is so called because it was discovered from the +observatory of Palermo, and Cerês is the tutelar goddess of Sicily.</p> + +<p><b>Cer'imon,</b> a physician of Ephesus, who restored to animation Thaisa, +the wife of Per'iclês, prince of Tyre, supposed to be +dead.—Shakespeare, <i>Pericles Prince of Tyre</i> (1608).</p> + +<p><b>Chab'ot</b> (<i>Philippe de</i>), admiral of France, governor of Bourgoyne +and Normandy under François I. Montmorency and the cardinal de Lorraine, +out of jealousy, accused him of malversation. His faithful servant +Allegre was put to the rack to force evidence against the accused, and +Chabot was sent to prison because he was unable to pay the fine levied +upon him. His innocence, however, was established by the confession of +his enemies, and he was released; but disgrace had made so deep an +impression on his mind that he sickened and died. This is the subject of +a tragedy entitled <i>The Tragedy of Philip Chabot, etc.</i>, by George +Chapman and James Shirley.</p> + +<p><b>Chad'band</b> (<i>The Rev. Mr.</i>), type of a canting hypocrite "in the +ministry." He calls himself "a vessel," is much admired by his dupes, +and pretends to despise the "carnal world," but nevertheless loves +dearly its "good things," and is most self-indulgent.—C. Dickens, +<i>Bleak House</i> (1853).</p> + +<p><b>Chaffington</b> (<i>Mr. Percy</i>), M.P., a stockbroker.—T. M. Morton, <i>If +I had a Thousand a Year</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Chalbroth,</b> the giant, the root of the race of giants, including +Polypheme (3 <i>syl.</i>), Goliath, the Titans, Fierabras, Gargantua, and +closing with Pantag'ruel. He was born in the year known for its "week of +three Thursdays."—Rabelais, <i>Pantagruel</i>, ii. (1533).</p> + +<p><b>Chal'ybes</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), a people on the south shore of the Black Sea, +who occupied themselves in the working of iron.</p> + +On the left hand dwell<br> +The iron-workers called the Chalybês,<br> +Of whom beware.<br> +E. B. Browning, <i>Prometheus Bound</i> (1850).<br> + +<p><b>Cham</b>, the pseudonym of comte Amédée de Noé, a peer of France, a +great wit, and the political caricaturist of <i>Charivari</i> (the French +<i>Punch</i>). The count was one of the founders of the French Republic in +1875. As Cham or Ham was the second son and scapegrace of Noah, so +Amédée was the second son and scapegrace of the comte de Noé <i>[Noah].</i></p> + +<p><b>Cham of Literature</b>, <i>(The Great</i>), a nickname given to Dr. Samuel +Johnson by Smollett in a letter to John Wilkes (1709-1784).</p> + +<p><b>Cham of Tartary</b>, a corruption of Chan or Khan, <i>i.e.</i> "lord or +prince," as Hoccota Chan. "Ulu Chan" means "great lord," "ulu" being +equal to the Latin <i>magnus</i>, and "chan" to <i>dominus</i> or <i>imperator</i>. +Sometimes the word is joined to the name, as Chan-balu, Cara-chan, etc. +The Turks have also had their "Sultan Murad chan bin Sultan Selim chan," +<i>i.e. Sultan Murad prince, son of Sultan Selim prince</i>.—Selden, <i>Titles +of Honor</i>, vi. 66 (1672).</p> + +<p><b>Cham'berlain</b> <i>(Matthew)</i>, a tapster, the successor of Old Roger +Raine (1 <i>syl</i>.).—Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles +II.).</p> + +<p><b>Chamont</b>, brother of Monimia "the orphan," and the troth-plight +husband of Seri'na (daughter of lord Acasto). He is a soldier, so proud +and susceptible that he is forever taking offence, and setting himself +up as censor or champion. He fancies his sister Monim'ia has lost her +honor, and calls her to task, but finds he is mistaken. He fancies her +guardian, old Acasto, has not been sufficiently watchful over her, and +draws upon him in his anger, but sees his folly just in time to prevent +mischief. He fancies Castalio, his sister's husband, has ill-treated +her, and threatens to kill him, but his suspicions are again altogether +erroneous. In fact, his presence in the house was like that of a madman +with fire-brands in a stack-yard.—Otway, <i>The Orphan</i> (1680).</p> + +<p>There are characters in which he <i>[C. M. Young</i>] is unrivalled and +almost perfect. His "Pierre" [<i>Venice Preserved</i>, Otway] is more +soldierly than Kemble's; his "Chamont" is full of brotherly pride, noble +impetuosity, and heroic scorn.—<i>New Monthly Magazine</i> (1822).</p> + +<p><b>Champagne</b> <i>(Henry earl of</i>), a crusader.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The +Talisman</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Cham'pernel',</b> a lame old gentleman, the husband of Lami'ra, and +son-in-law of judge Vertaigne (2 <i>sy</i>).—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The +Little French Lawyer</i> (1647).</p> + +<p><b>Champion of the Virgin.</b> St. Cyril of Alexandria is so called from +his defence of the "Incarnation" or doctrine of the "hypostatic union," +in the long and stormy dispute with Nesto'rius bishop of Constantinople.</p> + +<p><b>Champneys</b> <i>(Sir Geoffry</i>), a fossilized old country gentleman, who +believes in "blue blood" and the "British peerage." Father of Talbot, +and neighbor of Perkyn Middlewick, a retired butterman. The sons of +these two magnates are fast friends, but are turned adrift by their +fathers for marrying in opposition to their wishes. When reduced to +abject poverty, the old men go to visit their sons, relent, and all ends +happily.</p> + +<p><i>Miss Champneys</i>, sir Geoffry's sister, proud and aristocratic, but +quite willing to sacrifice both on the altar of Mr. Perkyn Middlewick, +the butterman, if the wealthy plebeian would make her his wife and allow +her to spend his money.—H. J. Byron, <i>Our Boys</i> (1875).</p> + +<p><i>Talbot Champneys</i>, a swell with few brains and no energy. His name, +which is his passport into society, will not find him salt in the battle +of life. He marries Mary Melrose, a girl without a penny, but his father +wants him to marry Violet the heiress.</p> + +<p><b>Chan'ticleer</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the cock, in the beast-epic of <i>Reynard +the Fox</i> (1498), and also in "The Nonne Preste's Tale," told in <i>The +Canterbury Tales</i>, by Chaucer (1388).</p> + +<p><b>Chaon'ian Bird</b> <i>(The)</i>, the dove; so called because doves delivered +the oracles of Dodona or Chaon'ia.</p> + +But the mild swallow none with, toils infest,<br> +And none the soft Chaonian bird molest.<br> +Ovid, <i>Art of Love</i>, ii.<br> + +<p><b>Chaonian Food</b>, acorns, so called from the oak trees of Dodona, +which gave out the oracles by means of bells hung among the branches. +Beech mast is so called also, because beech trees abounded in the forest +of Dodona.</p> + +<p><b>Charalois</b>, son of the marshal of Burgundy. When he was twenty-eight +years old his father died in prison at Dijon, for debts contracted by +him for the service of the State in the wars. According to the law which +then prevailed in France, the body of the marshal was seized by his +creditors, and refused burial. The son of Charalois redeemed his +father's body by his own, which was shut up in prison in lieu of the +marshal's.—Philip Massinger, <i>The Fatal Dowry</i> (1632).</p> + +<p>(It will be remembered that Milti'adês, the Athenian general, died in +prison for debt, and the creditors claimed the body, which they would +not suffer to be buried till his son Cimon gave up himself as a +hostage.)</p> + +<p><b>Char'egite</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.). The Charegite assassin, in the disguise of a +Turkish marabout or enthusiast, comes and dances before the tent of +Richard Coeur de Lion, and suddenly darting forward, is about to stab +the king, when a Nubian seizes his arm, and the king kills the assassin +on the spot.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Talisman</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Charicle'ia,</b> the <i>fiancée</i> of Theag'enês, in the Greek romance +called <i>The Loves of Theagenês and Charicleia</i>, by Heliodo'ros bishop of +Trikka (fourth century).</p> + +<p><b>Chari'no,</b> father of Angelina. Charino wishes Angelina to marry +Clodio, a young coxcomb; but the lady prefers his elder brother Carlos, +a young bookworm. Love changes the character of the diffident Carlos, +and Charino at last accepts him for his son-in-law. Charino is a testy, +obstinate old man, who wants to rule the whole world in his own way.—C. +Cibber, <i>Love Makes the Man</i> (1694).</p> + +<p><b>Char'lemagne and His Paladins.</b> This series of romances is of French +origin, as the Arthurion is Welsh or British. It began with the +legendary chronicle in verse, called <i>Historia de Vita Carola Magni et +Rolandi</i>, erroneously attributed to Turpin archbishop of Rheims (a +contemporary of Charlemagne), but probably written two or three hundred +years later. The chief of the series are <i>Huon of Bordeaux, Guerin de +Monglave, Gaylen Rhetore</i> (in which Charlemagne and his paladins proceed +in mufti to the Holy Land), <i>Miles and Ames</i>, +<i>Jairdain de Blaves, Doolin de Mayence, Ogier le Danais</i>, and <i>Maugis +the Enchanter</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Charlemagne and the Ring</i>. Pasquier says that Charles le Grand fell in +love with a peasant girl [Agatha], in whose society he seemed bewitched, +insomuch that all matters of state were neglected by him; but the girl +died, to the great joy of all. What, however, was the astonishment of +the court to find that the king seemed no less bewitched with the dead +body than he had been with the living, and spent all day and night with +it, even when its smell was quite offensive. Archbishop Turpin felt +convinced there was sorcery in this strange infatuation, and on +examining the body, found a ring under the tongue, which he removed. +Charlemagne now lost all regard for the dead body; but followed Turpin, +with whom, he seemed infatuated. The archbishop now bethought him of the +ring, which he threw into a pool at Aix, where Charlemagne built a +palace and monastery, and no spot in the world had such attractions for +him as Aix-la-Chapelle, where "the ring" was buried.—<i>Recherches de la +France</i>, vi. 33.</p> + +<p><i>Charlemagne and Years of Plenty</i>. According to German legend, +Charlemagne appears in seasons of plenty. He crosses the Rhine on a +golden bridge, and blesses both corn-fields and vineyards.</p> + +Thou standest, like imperial Charlemagne,<br> +Upon thy bridge of gold.<br> +<br> +Longfellow, <i>Autumn</i>.<br> + +<p><i>Charlemagne not dead</i>. According to legend, Charlemagne was crowned and +armed in Odenberg <i>(Hesse)</i> or Untersberg, near Saltzburg, till the time +of antichrist, when he will wake up and deliver Christendom. (See +BARBAROSSA.)</p> + +<p><i>Charlemagne's Nine Wives</i>: (1) Hamiltrude, a poor Frenchwoman, who bore +him several children. (2) Desidera'ta, who was divorced. (3) Hildegarde. +(4) Fastrade, daughter of count Rodolph the Saxon. (5) Luitgarde the +German. The last three died before him. (6) Maltegarde. (7) Gersuinde +the Saxon. (8) Regina. (9) Adalinda.</p> + +<p><i>Charlemagne's Stature</i>. We are told that Charlemagne was "eight feet +high," and so strong that he could "straighten with his hands alone +three horseshoes at once." His diet and his dress were both as simple as +possible.</p> + +<p><i>Charlemagne's Sword</i>, La Joyeuse.</p> + +<p><b>Charlemagne of Servia</b>, Stephen Dushan.</p> + +<p><b>Charles</b> "the Bold," duke of Burgundy, introduced by sir W. Scott in +two novels, viz., <i>Quentin Durward</i> and <i>Anne of Geierstein.</i> The latter +novel contains an account of the battle of Nancy, where Charles was +slain.</p> + +<p><i>Charles</i> prince of Wales (called "Babie Charles"), son of James I., +introduced by sir W. Scott in <i>The Fortunes of Nigel</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Charles</i> "the Good," earl of Flanders. In 1127 he passed a law that +whoever married a serf should become a serf: thus if a prince married a +serf, the prince would become a serf. This absurd law caused his death, +and the death of the best blood in Bruges.—S. Knowles, <i>The Provost of +Bruges</i> (1836).</p> + +<p><b>Charles II.</b> of England, introduced by sir W. Scott in two novels, +viz., <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> and <i>Woodstock</i>. In this latter he appears +first as a gipsy woman, and afterwards under the name of Louis Kerneguy +(Albert Lee's page).</p> + +<p><b>Charles IX.</b> of France. Instigated by his mother, Catherine de +Medici, he set on foot the massacre of St. Bartholomew (1550-1574).</p> + +<p><b>Charles XII.</b> of Sweden. "Determined to brave the seasons, as he had +done his enemies, Charles XII. ventured to make long marches during the +cold of the memorable winter of 1709. In one of these marches two +thousand of his men died from the cold."</p> + +<p>(Planché has an historical drama, in two acts, called <i>Charles XII</i>.; +and the <i>Life of Charles XII</i>., by Voltaire, is considered to be one of +the best written historical works in the French language.)</p> + +<p><b>Charles Edward [Stuart],</b> called "The Chevalier Prince Charles +Edward, the Young Pretender," introduced by sir W. Scott in +<i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George III.), first as "father Bonaventure," and +afterwards as "Pretender to the British crown." He is again introduced +in <i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Charles Emmanuel</b>, son of Victor Amade'us (4 <i>syl</i>.) king of +Sardinia. In 1730 his father abdicated, but somewhat later wanted his +son to restore the crown again. This he refused to do; and when Victor +plotted against him, D'Orme'a was sent to arrest the old man, and he +died. Charles was brave, patient, single-minded, and truthful.—R. +Browning, <i>King Victor and King Charles, etc</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Charles Knollys</b>, an English bridegroom, who falls into a crevasse +on his wedding-trip, and is found by his wife in the ice, still young +and beautiful in his icy shroud, forty-five years later.—J. S. of Dale +(Frederic Jesup Stimson), <i>Mrs. Knollys</i> (1888).</p> + +<p><b>Charley</b>, plu. <i>Charlies</i>, an old watchman or "night guardian," +before the introduction of the police force by sir Robert Peel, in 1829. +So called from Charles I., who extended and improved the police system.</p> + +<p><b>Charley Keene</b>, merry little doctor in <i>The Grandissimes</i>, in love +with the beautiful Creole girl Clotilde (1880).</p> + +<p><b>Charlie</b>, <i>alias</i> "Injin Charlie," <i>alias</i> "Old Charlie," a "dark +white man" in <i>Belles Demoiselles' Plantation</i>, by George W. Cable. +"Sunk in the bliss of deep ignorance, shrewd, deaf, and by repute, at +least, unmerciful" (1879).</p> + +<p><b>Chariot</b>, a messenger from Liëge to Louis XI—Sir W. Scott, <i>Quentin +Durward</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Charlotte</b>, the faithful sweetheart of young Wilmot, supposed to +have perished at sea.—Geo. Lillo, <i>Fatal Curiosity</i> (1736).</p> + +<p><i>Charlotte</i>, the dumb girl, in love with Leander; but her father, sir +Jasper, wants her to marry Mr. Dapper. In order to avoid this hateful +alliance, Charlotte pretends to be dumb, and only answers, "Han, hi, +han, hon." The "mock doctor" employs Leander as his apothecary, and the +young lady is soon cured by "pills matrimoniac." In Molière's <i>Le +Médecin Malgré Lui</i> Charlotte is called "Lucinde." The jokes in act ii. +6 are verbally copied from the French.—H. Fielding, <i>The Mock Doctor</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Charlotte</i>, daughter of sir John Lambert, in <i>The Hypocrite</i>, by Is. +Bickerstaff (1768); in love with Darnley. She is a giddy girl, fond of +tormenting Darnley; but being promised in marriage to Dr. Cantwell, who +is fifty-nine, and whom she utterly detests, she becomes somewhat +sobered down, and promises Darnley to become his loving wife. Her +constant exclamation is "Lud!"</p> + +<p>In Molière's comedy of <i>Tartuffe</i> Charlotte is called "Mariane," and +Darnley is "Valère."</p> + +<p><i>Charlotte</i>, the pert maid-servant of the countess Wintersen. Her father +was "state coachman." Charlotte is jealous of Mrs. Haller, and behaves +rudely to her (see act ii. 3).—Benjamin Thompson, <i>The Stranger</i> +(1797).</p> + +<p><i>Charlotte</i>, servant to Sowerberry. A dishonest, rough servant-girl, who +ill-treats Oliver Twist, and robs her master.—C. Dickens, <i>Oliver +Twist</i> (1837).</p> + +<p><i>Charlotte</i>, a fugitive slave whose hairbreadth escapes are narrated in +J. T. Trowbridge's story of <i>Neighbor Jackwood</i> (1857).</p> + +<p><i>Charlotte (Lady)</i>, the servant of a lady so called. She assumes the +airs with the name and address of her mistress. The servants of her own +and other households address her as "Your ladyship," or "lady +Charlotte;" but though so mighty grand, she is "noted for a plaguy pair +of thick legs."—Rev. James Townley, <i>High Life Below Stairs</i> (1759).</p> + +<p><b>Charlotte Corday</b>, devoted patriot of the French Revolution. +Believing Marat to be the worst enemy of France, she stabbed him in the +bath; was arrested and guillotined.</p> + +<p><b>Charlotte Elizabeth</b>, whose surname was Phelan, afterwards Tonna, +author of numerous books for children, tales, etc. (1825-1862).</p> + +<p><b>Charlotte Goodchild</b>, a merchant's orphan daughter of large fortune. +She is pestered by many lovers, and her guardian gives out that she has +lost all her money by the bankruptcy of his house. On this all her +suitors but one depart, and that one is sir Callaghan O'Brallaghan, who +declares he loves her now as an equal, and one whom he can serve, but +before he loved her "with fear and trembling, like a man that loves to +be a soldier, yet is afraid of a gun."—C. Macklin, <i>Love-à-la-mode</i> +(1779).</p> + +<p><b>Charlotte Temple</b>, the daughter of an English gentleman, whose +seduction by an officer in the British army, her sad life and lonely +death, are the elements of a novel bearing her name, written by "Mrs. +Rowson." Charlotte Temple is buried in Trinity church-yard, New York.</p> + +<p><b>Char'mian,</b> a kind-hearted, simple-minded attendant on Cleopatra. +After the queen's death, she applied one of the asps to her own arm, and +when the, Roman soldiers entered the room, fell down dead.—Shakespeare, +<i>Antony and Cleopatra</i> (1608).</p> + +<p><b>Char'teris</b> <i>(Sir Patrick</i>), of Kinfauns, provost of Perth.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Chartist Clergyman</b> <i>(The)</i>, Rev. Charles Kingsley (1809-1877).</p> + +<p><b>Charyllis</b>, in Spenser's pastoral <i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again</i>, +is lady Compton. Her name was Anne, and she was the fifth of the six +daughters of sir John Spenser of Althorpe, Lancaster, of the noble +houses of Spenser and Marlborough. Edmund Spenser dedicated to her his +satirical fable called <i>Mother Hubbard's Tale</i> (1591). She was thrice +married; her first husband was lord Monteagle, and her third was Robert +lord Buckhurst (son of the poet Sackville), who succeeded his father in +1608 as earl of Dorset.</p> + +No less praiseworthy are the sisters three,<br> +The honor of the noble family<br> +<br> +Of which I meanest boast myself to be,...<br> +Phyllis, Charyllis, and sweet Amaryllis:<br> +Phyllis the fair is eldest of the three,<br> +The next to her is bountiful Charyllis.<br> + +<p><i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again</i> (1594).</p> + +<p><b>Chaste</b> <i>(The)</i>, Alfonso II. of Asturias and Leon (758, 791-835 +abdicated, died 842).</p> + +<p><b>Chatookee</b>, an Indian bird, that never drinks at a stream, but +catches the raindrops in falling.—<i>Account of the Baptist +Missionaries</i>, ii. 309.</p> + +Less pure than these is that strange Indian bird,<br> +Who never dips in earthly streams her bill,<br> +But, when the sound of coming showers is heard,<br> +Looks up, and from the clouds receives her fill.<br> + +<p>Southey, <i>Curse of Kehama</i>, xxi. 6 (1809).</p> + +<p><b>Chat'tanach</b> <i>(M'Gillie)</i>, chief of the clan Chattan.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Chat'terley</b> <i>(Rev. Simon</i>), "the man of religion" at the Spa, one +of the managing committee.—Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's Well</i> (time, +George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Chaubert</b> <i>(Mons.)</i>, Master Chaffinch's cook.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Chaucer of France</b>, Clément Marot (1484-1544).</p> + +<p><b>Chau'nus,</b> Arrogance personified in <i>The Purple Island</i>, by Phineas +Fletcher (1633). "Fondly himself with praising he dispraised." Fully +described in canto viii. (Greek, <i>chaunos</i>, "vain".)</p> + +<p><b>Cheat'ly</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a lewd, impudent debauchee of Alsatia +(Whitefriars). He dares not leave the "refuge" by reason of debt; but in +the precincts he fleeces young heirs of entail, helps them to money, and +becomes bound for them.—Shadwell, <i>Squire of Alsatia</i> (1688).</p> + +<p><b>Che'bar,</b> the tutelar angel of Mary, sister of Martha and Lazarus of +Bethany.—Klopstock, <i>The Messiah</i>, xii. (1771).</p> + +<p>Ched'eraza'de (5 <i>syl</i>.), mother of Hem'junah and wife of Zebene'zer, +sultan of Cassimir. Her daughter having run away to prevent a forced +marriage with the prince of Georgia, whom she had never seen, the +sultana pined away and died.—Sir C. Morell [J. Ridley], <i>Tales of the +Genii</i> ("Princess of Cassimir," tale vii., 1751).</p> + +<p><b>Cheder'les</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a Moslem hero, who, like St. George, saved a +virgin exposed to the tender mercies of a huge dragon. He also drank of +the waters of immortality, and lives to render aid in war to any who +invoke it.</p> + +When Chederlês conies<br> +To aid the Moslem on his deathless horse,<br> +... as <i>[if]</i> he had newly quaffed<br> +The hidden waters of eternal youth.<br> +Southey, <i>Joan of Arc</i>, vi. 302, etc. (1837).<br> + +<p><b>Cheeney</b> <i>(Frank)</i>, an outspoken bachelor. He marries Kate +Tyson.—Wybert Reeve, <i>Parted</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Cheerly'</b> <i>(Mrs.)</i>, daughter of colonel Woodley. After being married +three years, she was left a widow, young, handsome, rich, lively, and +gay. She came to London, and was seen in the opera by Frank Heartall, an +open-hearted, impulsive young merchant, who fell in love with her, and +followed her to her lodging. Ferret, the villain of the story, +misinterpreted all the kind actions of Frank, attributing his gifts to +hush-money; but his character was amply vindicated, and "the soldier's +daughter" became his blooming wife.—Cherry, <i>The Soldier's Daughter</i> +(1804).</p> + +<p>Miss O'Neill, at the age of nineteen, made her <i>début</i> at the Theatre +Royal, Crow Street, in 1811, as "The Widow Cheerly."—W. Donaldson.</p> + +<p><b>Cheeryble Brothers</b> <i>(The)</i>, brother Ned and brother Charles, the +incarnations of all that is warm-hearted, generous, benevolent, and +kind. They were once homeless boys running about the streets barefooted, +and when they grew to be wealthy London merchants were ever ready to +stretch forth a helping hand to those struggling against the buffets of +fortune.</p> + +<p><i>Frank Cheeryble</i>, nephew of the brothers Cheeryble. He married Kate +Nickleby.—C. Dickens, <i>Nicholas Nickleby</i> (1838).</p> + +<p><b>Cheese</b> <i>(Dr.)</i>, an English translation of the Latin <i>Dr. Caseus</i>, +that is, Dr. John Chase, a noted quack, who was born in the reign of +Charles II., and died in that of queen Anne.</p> + +<p><b>Chemistry</b> <i>(The Father of</i>, Arnaud do Villeneuve (1238-1314)).</p> + +<p><b>Che'mos</b> <i>(ch = k)</i>, god of the Moabites; also called Baal-Pe'ör; +the Pria'pus or idol of turpitude and obscenity. Solomon built a temple +to this obscene idol "in the hill that is before Jerusalem" (1 <i>Kings</i> +xi. 7). In the hierarchy of hell Milton gives Chemos the fourth rank: +(1) Satan, (2) Beëlzebub, (3) Moloch, (4) Chemos.</p> + +<p>Next Chemos, the obscene dread of Moab's sons, Peör his other name.</p> + +<i>Paradise Lost</i>, 406, 412 (1665).<br> + +<p><b>Cheney</b>, a mighty hunter in the northern woods, whose story is told +in <i>The Adirondack</i>, by Joel Tyler Headley (1849).</p> + +<p><b>Cherone'an</b> <i>(The)</i> or THE CHERONE'AN SAGE <i>(ch = k)</i>, Plutarch, who +was born at Chaerone'a, in Boeo'tia (A.D. 46-120).</p> + +This praise, O Cheronean sage, is thine.<br> +Beattie, <i>Minstrel</i> (1773).<br> + +<p><b>Cher'ry,</b> the lively daughter of Boniface, landlord of the inn at +Lichfield.—Geo.</p> + +<p>Farquhar, <i>The Beaux' Stratagem</i> (1705). (See CHERY.)</p> + +<p><i>Cherry (Andrew)</i>, comic actor and dramatist (1762-1812), author of <i>The +Soldier's Daughter. All for Fame, Two Strings to Your Bow. The Village, +Spanish Dollars</i>, etc. He was specially noted for his excellent wigs.</p> + +Shall sapient managers new scenes produce<br> +From Cherry, Skeffington, and <i>Mother Goose?</i><br> +Byron, <i>English Bards and Scotch Reviewers</i><br> +(1809).<br> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> <i>Mother Goose</i> is a pantomime by C. Dibdin.</p> + +<p><b>Cher'ubim</b> (<i>Don</i>), the "bachelor of Salamanca," who is placed in a +vast number of different situations of life, and made to associate with +all classes of society, that the author may sprinkle his satire and wit +in every direction.—Lesage, <i>The Bachelor of Salamanca</i> (1737).</p> + +<p><b>Cher'y,</b> the son of Brunetta (who was the wife of a king's brother), +married his cousin Fairstar, daughter of the king. He obtained for his +cousin the three wonderful things: <i>The dancing water</i>, which had the +power of imparting beauty; <i>the singing apple</i>, which had the power of +imparting wit; and <i>the little green bird</i>, which had the power of +telling secrets.—Comtesse D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> ("The Princess +Fairstar," 1682).</p> + +<p><b>Ches'ter</b> (<i>Sir John</i>), a plausible, foppish villain, the sworn +enemy of Geoffrey Haredale, by whom he is killed in a duel. Sir John is +the father of Hugh, the gigantic servant at the Maypole inn.</p> + +<p><i>Edward Chester</i>, son of sir John, and the lover of Emma Haredale.—C. +Dickens, <i>Barnaby Rudge</i> (1841).</p> + +<p><b>Chesterfield</b> (<i>Charles</i>), a young man of genius, the hero and title +of a novel by Mrs. Trollope (1841). The object of this novel is to +satirize the state of literature in England, and to hold up to censure +authors, editors, and publishers as profligate, selfish, and corrupt.</p> + +<p><b>Chesterton</b> (<i>Paul</i>), nephew to Mr. Percy Chaffington, stock-broker +and M.P.—T.M. Morton, <i>If I had a Thousand a Year</i> (1764-1838).</p> + +<p><b>Chevalier d'Industrie,</b> a man who lives by his wits and calls +himself a "gentleman."</p> + +Denicheur de fauvettes, chevalier de l'ordre de<br> +l'industrie, qui va chercher quelque bon nid,<br> +quelque femme qui lui fasse sa fortune.—<i>Gongam</i><br> +ou <i>L'Homme Prodigieux</i> (1713).<br> + +<p><b>Chevalier Malfet</b> (<i>Le</i>), so sir Launcelot calls himself after he +was cured of his madness. The meaning of the phrase is "The knight who +has done ill," or "The knight who has trespassed."—Sir T. Malory, +<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, iii. 20 (1470).</p> + +<p><b>Cheveril</b> (<i>Hans</i>), the ward of Mordent, just come of age. +Impulsive, generous, hot-blooded. He resolves to be a rake, but scorns +to be a villain. However, he accidentally meets with Joanna "the +deserted daughter," and falls in love with her. He rescues her from the +clutches of Mrs. Enfield the crimp, and marries her.—Holcroft, <i>The +Deserted Daughter</i> (altered into <i>The Steward</i>).</p> + +The part that placed me [<i>Walter Lacy</i>] in the<br> +position of a light comedian was "Cheveril," in<br> +<i>The Steward</i>, altered from Holcroft's <i>Deserted<br> +Daughter.</i>—W. Lacy, <i>Letter to W.C. Russell</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Chibia'bos,</b> the Harmony of Nature personified; a musician, the +friend of Hiawatha, and ruler in the land of spirits. When he played on +his pipe, the "brooks ceased to murmur, the wood-birds to sing, the +squirrel to chatter, and the rabbit sat upright to look and listen." +He was drowned in Lake Superior by the breaking of the ice.</p> + +Most beloved by Hiawatha<br> +Was the gentle Chibiabos;<br> +He the best of all musicians,<br> +He the sweetest of all singers.<br> +<br> +Longfellow, <i>Hiawatha</i>, vi. and xv.<br> + +<p><i>Chibiabos</i>, venerable chief in <i>The Myth of Hiaiwatha and Other Oral +Legends of North American Indians</i>, by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft (1856).</p> + +<p><b>Chicaneau</b> <i>(She'.ka.no')</i>, a litigious tradesman in <i>Les +Plaideurs</i>, by Racine, (1668).</p> + +<p><b>Chich'i-Vache</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a monster that fed only on good women. +The word means the "sorry cow." It was all skin and bone, because its +food was so extremely scarce. (See BYCORN.)</p> + +O noble wyvês, full of heigh prudence,<br> +Let noon humilitie your tongês nayle.,<br> +Lest Chichi-Vache you swalwe in her entraile.<br> +<br> +Chaucer, <i>Canterbury Tales</i> ("Clerk's Tale," 1388).<br> + +<p><b>Chick</b> <i>(Mr.)</i>, brother-in-law of Mr. Dombey; a stout gentleman, +with a tendency to whistle and hum airs at inopportune moments. Mr. +Chick is somewhat henpecked; but in the matrimonial squalls, though +apparently beaten, he not unfrequently rises up the superior and gets +his own way.</p> + +<p><i>Louisa Chick</i>, Mr. Dombey's married sister. She is of a snappish +temper, but dresses in the most juvenile style, and is persuaded that +anything can be accomplished if persons will only "make an effort."—C. +Dickens, <i>Dombey and Son</i> (1846).</p> + +<p><b>Chicken</b> <i>(The)</i>, Michael Angelo Taylor, barrister, so called +because in his maiden speech, 1785, he said, "I deliver this opinion +with great deference, being but a chicken in the profession of the law."</p> + +<p><i>Chicken</i> (<i>The Game</i>), a low fellow, to be heard of at the bar of the +Black Badger. Mr. Toots selects this man as his instructor in fencing, +betting, and self-defence. The Chicken has short hair, a low forehead, a +broken nose, and "a considerable tract of bare and sterile country +behind each ear."—C. Dickens, <i>Dombey and Son</i> (1846).</p> + +<p><b>Chickens and the Augurs.</b> When the augurs told Publius Claudius +Pulcher, the Roman consul, who was about to engage the Carthaginian +fleet, that the sacred chickens would not eat, he replied, "Then toss +them into the sea, that they may drink."</p> + +<p><b>Chick'enstalker</b> (<i>Mrs</i>.), a stout, bonny, kind-hearted woman, who +keeps a general shop. Toby Veck, in his dream, imagines her married to +Tugby, the porter of sir Joseph Bowley.—C. Dickens, <i>The Chimes</i> +(1844).</p> + +<p><b>Chick'weed</b> (<i>Conkey, i.e. Nosey</i>), the man who robbed himself. He +was a licensed victualler on the point of failing, and gave out that he +had been robbed of 327 guineas "by a tall man with a black patch over +his eye." He was much pitied, and numerous subscriptions were made on +his behalf. A detective was sent to examine into the "robbery," and +Chickweed would cry out, "There he is!" and run after the "hypothetical +thief" for a considerable distance, and then lose sight of him. This +occurred over and over again, and at last the detective said to him, +"I've found out who done this here robbery." "Have you?" said Chickweed. +"Yes," said Spyers, "you done it yourself." And so he had.—C. Dickens, +<i>Oliver Twist</i>, xxxi. (1837).</p> + +<p><b>Chif'finch</b> (<i>Master Thomas</i>), <i>alias</i> Will Smith, a friend of +Richard Ganlesse (2 <i>syl</i>.). The private emissary of Charles II. He was +employed by the duke of Buckingham to carry off Alice Bridgenorth to +Whitehall, but the captive escaped and married Julian Peveril.</p> + +<p><i>Kate Chiffinch</i>, mistress of Thomas Chiffinch.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril +of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Chignon</b> <i>[Shin.yong]</i>, the French valet of Miss Alscrip "the +heiress." A silly, affected, typical French valet-de-chambre.—General +Burgoyne, <i>The Heiress</i> (1718).</p> + +<p><b>Chi'lax,</b> a merry old soldier, lieutenant to general Memnon, in +Paphos.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Mad Lover</i> (1617).</p> + +<p><b>Child</b> (<i>The</i>), Bettina, daughter of Maximiliane Brentano. So called +from the title of her book, <i>Goethe's Correspondence with a Child</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Child of Nature</b> (<i>The</i>), a play by Mrs. Inchbald. Amantis was the +"child of Nature." She was the daughter of Alberto, banished "by an +unjust sentence," and during his exile he left his daughter under the +charge of the marquis Almanza. Amantis was brought up in total ignorance +of the world and the passion-principles which sway it, but felt grateful +to her guardian, and soon discovered that what she called "gratitude" +the world calls "love." Her father returned home rich, his sentence +cancelled and his innocence allowed, just in time to give his daughter +in marriage to his friend Almanza.</p> + +<p><b>Childe Harold</b>, a man sated with the world, who roams from place to +place, to kill time and escape from himself. The "childe" is, in fact, +lord Byron himself, who was only twenty-two when he began the poem, +which was completed in seven years. In canto i. the "childe" visits +Portugal and Spain (1809); in canto ii. Turkey in Europe (1810); in +canto iii. Belgium and Switzerland (1816); and in canto iv. Venice, +Rome, and Florence (1817).</p> + +<p>("Childe" is a title of honor, about tantamount to "lord," as childe +Waters, childe Rolande, childe Tristram, childe Arthur, childe Childers, +etc.)</p> + +<p><b>Chil'ders</b> (<i>E.W.B.</i>), one of the riders in Sleary's circus, noted +for his vaulting and reckless riding in the character of the "Wild +Huntsman of the Prairies." This compound of groom and actor marries +Josephine, Sleary's daughter.</p> + +<p><i>Kidderminster Childers</i>, son of the above, known in the profession as +"Cupid." He is a diminutive boy, with an old face and facetious manner +wholly beyond his years.—C. Dickens, <i>Hard Times</i> (1854).</p> + +<p><b>Children</b> (<i>The Henneberg</i>). It is said that the countess of +Henneberg railed at a beggar for having twins, and the beggar, turning +on the countess, who was forty-two years old, said, "May you have as +many children as there are days in a year," and sure enough, on Good +Friday, 1276, the countess brought forth 365 at one birth; all the males +were christened <i>John</i>, and all the females <i>Elizabeth</i>. They were +buried at a village near La Hague, and the jug is still shown in which +they were baptized.</p> + +<p><b>Children in the Wood</b>, the little son (three years old) and younger +daughter (Jane) left by a Norfolk gentleman on his death-bed to the care +of his deceased wife's brother. The boy was to have £300 a year on +coming of age, and the girl £500 as a wedding portion; but if the +children died in their minority the money was to go to the uncle. The +uncle, in order to secure the property, hired two ruffians to murder the +children, but one of them relented and killed his companion; then, +instead of murdering the babes, he left them in Wayland Wood, where they +gathered blackberries, but died at night with cold and terror. All +things went ill with the uncle, who perished in gaol, and the ruffian, +after a lapse of seven years, confessed the whole villainy.—Percy, +<i>Reliques</i>, III. ii. 18.</p> + +<p><b>Children of the Mist</b>, one of the branches of the MacGregors, a wild +race of Scotch Highlanders, who had a skirmish with the soldiers in +pursuit of Dalgetty and M'Eagh among the rocks (ch. 14).—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Legend of Montrose</i> (time, Charles I.).</p> + +<p><b>Chillip</b> (<i>Dr</i>.), a physician who attended Mrs. Copperfield at the +birth of David.</p> + +<p>He was the meekest of his set, the mildest of little men.—C. Dickens, +<i>David Copperfield</i>, i. (1849).</p> + +<p><b>Chillon</b>' (<i>Prisoner of</i>) François de Bonnivard, of Lunes, the +Genevese patriot (1496-1571) who opposed the enterprises of Charles III. +(the duke-bishop of Savoy) against the independence of Geneva, and was +cast by him into the prison of Chillon, where he was confined for six +years. Lord Byron makes him one of six brothers, two of whom died on the +battle-field; one was burnt at the stake, and three were imprisoned at +Chillon. Two of the prisoners died, but François was set at liberty by +the people of Berne.—Byron, <i>Prisoner of Chillon</i> (1816).</p> + +<p><b>Chimène</b> (<i>La Belle</i>) or Xime'na, daughter of count Lozano de +Gormaz, wife of the Cid. After the Cid's death she defended Valentia +from the Moors with great bravery, but without success. Corneille and +Guihem de Cantro have introduced her in their tragedies, but the <i>rôle</i> +they represent her to have taken is wholly imaginary.</p> + +<p><b>Chinaman</b> (<i>John</i>), a man of China.</p> + +<p><b>Chindasuin'tho</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), king of Spain, father of Theod'ofred, +and grandfather of Roderick last of the Gothic kings.—Southey, +<i>Roderick, etc</i>. (1814).</p> + +<p><b>Chinese Philosopher</b> (<i>A</i>). Oliver Goldsmith, in the <i>Citizen of the +World</i>, calls his book "Letters from a Chinese Philosopher residing in +London to his Friends in the East" (1759).</p> + +<p><b>Chingachgook</b>, the Indian chief, called in French <i>Le Gros Serpent</i>. +Fenimore Cooper has introduced this chief into four of his novels, <i>The +Last of the Mohicans. The Pathfinder. The Deerslayer</i>, and <i>The +Pioneer</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Chintz</b> (<i>Mary</i>), Miss Bloomfield's maid, the bespoken of Jem +Miller.—C. Selby, <i>The Unfinished Gentleman</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Chi'os</b> (<i>The Man of</i>), Homer, who lived at Chios [<i>Ki'.os</i>]. At +least Chios was one of the seven cities which laid claim to the bard, +according to the Latin hexameter verse:</p> + +Smyrna, Rhodes, Colophon, Salamis, Chios,<br> +Argos, Athenae.—Varro.<br> + +<p><b>Chirn'side</b> (<i>Luckie</i>), poulterer at Wolf's Hope village.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Bride of Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p> + +<p><b>Chi'ron</b>, a centaur, renowned for his skill in hunting, medicine, +music, gymnastics, and prophecy. He numbered among his pupils Achilles, +Peleus, Diomede, and indeed all the most noted heroes of Grecian story. +Jupiter took him to heaven, and made him the constellation +<i>Sagittarius</i>.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">... as Chiron erst had done</span><br> +To that proud bane of Troy, her god-resembling<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">son [<i>Achilles</i>].</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 9em;">Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, v. (1612).</span><br> + +<p><b>Chirrup</b> (<i>Betsey</i>), the housekeeper of Mr. Sowerberry, the +misanthrope.—W. Brough, <i>A Phenomenon in a Smock Frock</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Chita</b>, the child orphaned by the fearful tragedy detailed in +Lufcadio Hearn's <i>Chita: A Memory of Last Island</i>. The little one is +dragged from her dead mother's neck while she has still the strength to +cry out "<i>Maman! maman</i>!" and borne through the surf by the fisherman +Felix, to the arms of his wife. Brought up as the child of the humble +pair, she never suspects that the stranger who, years after, dies of +yellow fever brought from New Orleans to Felix's hut is her father +(1888).</p> + +<p><b>Chitling</b> (<i>Tom</i>), one of the associates of Fagin the Jew. Tom +Chitling was always most deferential to the "Artful Dodger."—C. +Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i> (1837).</p> + +<p><b>Chivalry</b> (<i>The Flower of</i>), William Douglas, lord of Liddesdale +(fourteenth century).</p> + +<p><b>Chlo'e</b> [<i>Klo'.e</i>], the shepherdess beloved by Daphnis, in the +pastoral romance called <i>Daphnis and Chloé</i>, by Longus. St. Pierre's +tale of <i>Paul and Virginia</i> is based on this pastoral.</p> + +<p><i>Chloe</i> or rather <i>Cloe</i>. So Prior calls Mrs. Centlivre (1661-1723).</p> + +<p><i>Chloe (Aunt)</i>, the faithful wife of Uncle Tom in Harriet Beecher +Stowe's famous book <i>Uncle Tom's Cabin</i>. She hires herself out to a +pastry-cook to help redeem her husband after he is "sold South." Her +exhortation, "Think o' your marcies, chillen! think o' your marcies!" is +sincere, yet when Tom quotes, "Pray for them that despitefully use you," +she sobs out, "Lor'! it's too tough! I <i>can't</i> pray for 'em!" (1852.)</p> + +<p><i>Chloe</i> (<i>Aunt</i>), "a homeless widow, of excellent Vermont intentions and +high ideals in cup-cake, summoned to that most difficult of human tasks, +the training of another woman's child.... She held it to be the first +business of any woman who undertook the management of a literary family +like her brother's to attend properly to its digestion."—Elizabeth +Stuart Phelps, <i>The Story of Avis</i> (1877).</p> + +<p><b>Chlo'ris,</b> the ancient Greek name of Flora.</p> + +Around your haunts<br> +The laughing Chloris with profusest hand<br> +Throws wide her blooms and odors.<br> +Akenside, <i>Hymn to the Naiads</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Choe'reas</b> (<i>ch = k</i>), the lover of Callirrhoê, in the Greek romance +called <i>The Loves of Choereas and Callirrhoê</i>, by Char'iton (eighth +century).</p> + +<p><b>Choke</b> (<i>General</i>), a lank North American gentleman, "one of the +most remarkable men in the country." He was editor of <i>The Watertoast +Gazette</i>, and a member of "The Eden Land Corporation." It was general +Choke who induced Martin Chuzzlewit to stake his all in the egregious +Eden swindle.—C. Dickens, <i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i> (1844).</p> + +<p><b>Cholmondeley</b> [<i>Chum'.ly</i>], of Vale Royal, a friend of sir Geoffrey +Peveril.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Choppard</b> (<i>Pierre</i>), one of the gang of thieves, called "The Ugly +Mug." When asked a disagreeable question, he always answered, "I'll ask +my wife, my memory's so slippery."—Edward Stirling, <i>The Courier of +Lyons</i> (1852).</p> + +<p><b>Chriemhil'da.</b> (See under K.)</p> + +<p><b>Chrisom Child</b> (<i>A</i>), a child that dies within a month of its birth. +So called because it is buried in the white cloth anointed with <i>chrism</i> +(oil and balm) worn at its baptism.</p> + +<p>"He's in Arthur's [<i>Abraham's</i>] bosom, if ever man went to Arthur's +bosom. 'A made a finer end, and went away, an it had been any christom +[<i>chrisom</i>] child. 'A parted just ... at turning o' the tide." +(Quickly's description of the death of Falstaff.)—Shakespeare, <i>Henry +V</i>. act ii. sc. 3 (1599).</p> + +Why, Mike's a child to him ... a chrism child.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Jean Ingelow, <i>Brothers and a Sermon</i>.</span><br> + +<p><b>Chris'tabel</b> (<i>ch = k</i>), the heroine of a fragmentary poem of the +same title by Coleridge.</p> + +<p><i>Christabel</i>, the heroine of an ancient romance entitled <i>Sir Eglamour +of Artois</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Christabelle</b> [<i>Kris.'ta.bel</i>], daughter of "a bonnie king of +Ireland," beloved by sir Cauline (2 <i>syl</i>.). When the king knew of their +loves he banished sir Cauline from the kingdom. Then as Christabelle +drooped the king held a tournament for her amusement, every prize of +which was carried off by an unknown knight in black. On the last day +came a giant with two "goggling eyes, and mouthe from ear to ear," +called the Soldain, and defied all comers. No one would accept his +challenge save the knight in black, who succeeded in killing his +adversary, but died himself of the wounds he had received. When it was +discovered that the knight was sir Cauline, the lady "fette a sighe, +that burst her gentle hearte in twayne."—Percy, <i>Reliques</i> ("Sir +Cauline," I. i. 4).</p> + +<p><b>Christian</b>, the hero of Bunyan's allegory called <i>The Pilgrim's +Progress</i>. He flees from the City of Destruction and journeys to the +Celestial City. At starting he has a heavy pack upon his shoulders, +which falls off immediately he reaches the foot of the cross. (The pack, +of course, is the bundle of sin, which is removed by the blood of the +cross. 1678.)</p> + +<p><i>Christian</i>, a follower of Christ. So called first at Antioch.—<i>Acts</i> +xi. 26.</p> + +<p><i>Christian</i>, captain of the patrol in a small German town in which +Mathis is burgomaster. He marries Annette, the burgomaster's +daughter.—J. R. Ware, <i>The Polish Jew</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Christian</i>, synonym of "<i>Peasant</i>" in Russia. This has arisen from the +abundant legislation under czar Alexis and czar Peter the Great, to +prevent Christian serfs from entering the service of Mohammedan masters. +No Christian is allowed to belong to a Mohammedan master, and no +Mohammedan master is allowed to employ a Christian on his estate.</p> + +<p><i>Christian II</i>. (or <i>Christiern</i>), king of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. +When the Dalecarlians rose in rebellion against him and chose Gustavus +Vasa for their leader, a great battle was fought, in which the Swedes +were victorious; but Gustavus allowed the Danes to return to their +country. Christian then abdicated, and Sweden became an independent +kingdom.—H. Brooke, <i>Gustavus Vasa</i> (1730).</p> + +<p><i>Chris'tian (Edward)</i>, a conspirator. He has two <i>aliases</i>, "Richard +Gan'lesse" (2 <i>syl</i>.) and "Simon Can'ter."</p> + +<p><i>Colonel William Christian</i>, Edward's brother. Shot for insurrection.</p> + +<p><i>Fenella</i> alias <i>Zarah Christian</i>, daughter of Edward Christian.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><i>Christian</i> (<i>Fletcher</i>), mate of the <i>Bounty</i>, under the command of +captain Bligh, and leader of the mutineers. After setting the captain +and some others adrift, Christian took command of the ship, and, +according to lord Byron, the mutineers took refuge in the island of +Toobouai (one of the Society Islands). Here Torquil, one of the +mutineers, married Neuha, a native. After a time a ship was sent to +capture the mutineers. Torquil and Neuha escaped, and lay concealed in a +cave; but Christian, Ben Bunting, and Skyscrape were shot. This is not +according to fact, for Christian merely touched at Toobouai, and then, +with eighteen of the natives and nine of the mutineers, sailed for +Tahiti, where all soon died except Alexander Smith, who changed his name +to John Adams, and became a model patriarch.—Byron, <i>The Island</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Christian Doctor</b> (<i>Most</i>), John Charlier de Gerson (1363-1429).</p> + +<p><b>Christian Eloquence</b> (<i>The Founder of</i>), Louis Bourdaloue +(1632-1704).</p> + +<p><b>Christian King</b> (<i>Most</i>). So the kings of France were styled. Pepin +<i>le Bref</i> was so styled by pope Stephen III. (714-768). Charles II. <i>le +Chauve</i> was so styled by the Council of Savonnières (823, 840-877). +Louis XI. was so styled by Paul II. (1423, 1461-1483).</p> + +<p><b>Christian'a</b> (<i>ch = k</i>), the wife of Christian, who started with her +children and Mercy from the City of Destruction long after her husband's +flight. She was under the guidance of Mr. Greatheart, and went, +therefore, with silver slippers along the thorny road. This forms the +second part of Bunyan's <i>Pilgrim's Progress</i> (1684).</p> + +<p><b>Chris'tie</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.) of the Clint Hill, one of the retainers of +Julian Avenel (2 <i>syl</i>.).—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Monastery</i> (time, +Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><i>Chris'tie</i> (<i>John</i>), ship-chandler at Paul's wharf.</p> + +<p><i>Dame Nelly Christie</i>, his pretty wife, carried off by lord +Dalgarno.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Fortunes of Nigel</i> (time, James I.).</p> + +<p><b>Christi'na,</b> daughter of Christian II. king of Denmark, Sweden, and +Norway. She is sought in marriage by prince Arvi'da and by Gustavus +Vasa; but the prince abandons his claim in favor of his friend. After +the great battle, in which Christian is defeated by Gustavus, Christina +clings to her father, and pleads with Gustavus on his behalf. He is sent +back to Denmark, with all his men, without ransom, but abdicates, and +Sweden is erected into a separate kingdom.—H. Brooke, <i>Gustavus Vasa</i> +(1730).</p> + +<p><b>Christina Purcell</b>, a happy, pure girl, whose sheltered life and +frank innocence contrast strongly with the heavy shadows glooming over +outcast "Nixy" in <i>Hedged In.</i></p> + +<p>She [Nixy], looking in from the street at mother and child, wondered if +the lady here and the white daughter were religious; if it were because +people were white and religious that they all turned her from their +doors,—then, abruptly, how <i>she</i> would look sitting in the light of a +porcelain lamp, with a white sack on.—Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, <i>Hedged +In</i> (1870).</p> + +<p><b>Chris'tine</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a pretty, saucy young woman in the service +of the countess Marie, to whom she is devotedly attached. After the +recapture of Ernest ("the prisoner of state"), she goes boldly to king +Frederick II., from whom she obtains his pardon. Being set at liberty, +Ernest marries the countess.—E. Stirling, <i>The Prisoner of State</i> +(1847).</p> + +<p><b>Christine Dryfoos</b>, the undisciplined, showy daughter of a self-made +man in W. D. Howells's <i>A Hazard of New Fortunes</i> (1889).</p> + +<p>She was self-possessed because she felt that a knowledge of her father's +fortune had got around, and she had the peace which money gives to +ignorance. She is madly in love with Beaton, whose attentions have +raised expectations he concluded not to fulfill. At their last meeting +she felt him more than life to her, and knew him lost, and the frenzy +that makes a woman kill the man she loves or fling vitriol to destroy +the beauty she cannot have for all hers possessed her lawless soul.... +She flashed at him, and with both hands made a feline pass at the face +he bent towards her.</p> + +<p><b>Christmas Treasures.</b> Eugene Field, in <i>A Little Book of Western +Verse</i>, gives a father's soliloquy over such treasures as</p> + +The little toy my darling knew,<br> +A little sock of faded hue,<br> +A little lock of golden hair,<br> + +<p>all that remains to him who,</p> + +As he lisped his evening prayer<br> +Asked the boon with childish grace,<br> +Then, toddling to the chimney-place,<br> +He hung his little stocking there.<br> + +<p>(1889.)</p> + +<p><b>Chris'topher</b> <i>(St.)</i>, a saint of the Roman and Greek Churches, said +to have lived in the third century. His pagan name was Offerus, his body +was twelve ells in height, and he lived in the land of Canaan. Offerus +made a vow to serve only the mightiest; so, thinking the emperor was +"the mightiest," he entered his service. But one day the emperor crossed +himself for fear of the devil, and the giant perceived that there was +one mightier than his present master, so he quitted his service for that +of the devil. After awhile. Offerus discovered that the devil was afraid +of the cross, whereupon he enlisted under Christ, employing himself in +carrying pilgrims across a deep stream. One day, a very small child was +carried across by him, but proved so heavy that Offerus, though a huge +giant, was well-nigh borne down by the weight. This child was Jesus, who +changed the giant's name to <i>Christoferus</i>, "bearer of Christ." He died +three days afterwards, and was canonized.</p> + +Like the great giant Christopher, it stands<br> +Upon the brink of the tempestuous wave.<br> + +<p>Longfellow, <i>The Lighthouse</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Christopher Wright</b>, otherwise "Uncle Christopher," is the +consequential oracle of the neighborhood, and the father of six +daughters, in <i>Clovernook</i>, by Alice Cary (1851).</p> + +<p><b>Christ's Victory and Triumphs,</b> a poem in four parts, by Giles +Fletcher (1610): Part i. "Christ's Victory in Heaven," when He +reconciled Justice with Mercy, by taking on Himself a body of human +flesh; part ii. "Christ's Triumph on Earth," when He was led up into the +wilderness, and was tempted by Presumption, Avarice, and Ambition; part +iii. "Christ's Triumph over Death," when He died on the Cross; part iv. +"Christ's Triumph after Death," in His resurrection and ascension. (See +PARADISE REGAINED.)</p> + +<p><b>Chroniclers</b> <i>(Anglo-Norman)</i>, a series of writers on British +history in verse, of very early date. Geffroy Gaimar wrote his +Anglo-Norman chronicle before 1146. It is a history in verse of the +Anglo-Saxon kings. Robert Wace wrote the <i>Brut d'Angleterre [i.e., +Chronicle of England</i>] in eight-syllable verse, and presented his work +to Henry II. It was begun in 1160 and finished in 1170.</p> + +<p><i>Chroniclers (Latin)</i>, historical writers of the eleventh and twelfth +centuries.</p> + +<p><i>Chroniclers (Rhyming)</i>, a series of writers on English history, from +the thirteenth century. The most noted are: Layamon (called "The English +Ennius") bishop of Ernleye-upon-Severn (1216). Robert of Gloucester, who +wrote a narrative of British history from the landing of Brute to the +close of the reign of Henry III. (to 1272). No date is assigned to the +coming of Brute, but he was the son of Silvius Aene'as (the third +generation from Æneas, who escaped from Troy, B.C. 1183), so that the +date may be assumed to be B.C. 1028, thus giving a scope of 2300 years +to the chronicle. (The verse of this chronicle is eight and six +syllables displayed together, so as to form lines of fourteen syllables +each.) Robert de Brunne's chronicle is in two parts. The first ends with +the death of Cadwallader, and the second with the death of Edward I. The +earlier parts are similar to the Anglo-Norman chronicle of Wace. (The +verse is octo-syllabic.)</p> + +<p><b>Chronicles of Canongate</b>, certain stories supposed to have been +written by Mrs. Martha Bethune Baliol, a lady of quality and fortune, +who lived, when in Edinburgh, at Baliol Lodging, in the Canongate. These +tales were written at the request of her cousin, Mr. Croftangry, by +whom, at her death, they were published. The first series contains <i>The +Highland Widow, The Two Drovers</i>, and <i>The Surgeon's Daughter</i> +[afterwards removed from this series]. The second series contains <i>The +Fair Maid of Perth</i>.—Sir W. Scott.</p> + +<p>"Chronicles of Canongate" (introduction to <i>The Highland Widow</i>).</p> + +<p><b>Chronology</b> <i>(The father of</i>), J. J. Scaliger (1540-1609).</p> + +<p><b>Chronon—Hoton—Thol'ogos</b> <i>(King).</i> He strikes Bombardin'ian, +general of his forces, for giving him hashed pork, and saying, "Kings as +great as Chrononhotonthologos have made a hearty meal on worse." The +king calls his general a traitor. "Traitor in thy teeth!" retorts the +general. They fight, and the king dies.—H. Carey, +<i>Chrononhotonthologos</i> (a burlesque).</p> + +<p><b>Chrysalde'</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), friend of Arnolphe.—Molière, <i>L'École des +Femmes</i> (1662).</p> + +<p><b>Chrysale</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a simple-minded, henpecked French tradesman, +whose wife Philaminte (3 <i>syl</i>.) neglects her house for the learned +languages, women's rights, and the aristocracy of mind. He is himself a +plain practical man, who has no sympathy with the <i>bas bleu</i> movement. +He has two daughters, Armande (2 <i>syl</i>.) and Henriette, both of whom +love Clitandre; but Armande, who is a "blue-stocking," loves him +platonically; while Henriette, who is a "thorough woman," loves him with +a woman's love. Chrysale sides with his daughter Henriette, and when he +falls into money difficulties through the "learned proclivities" of his +wife, Clitandre comes forward like a man, and obtains the consent of +both parents to his marriage with Henriette.—Molière, <i>Les Femmes +Savantes</i> (1672).</p> + +<p><b>Chrysa'or</b> <i>(ch = k)</i>, the sword of sir Ar'tegal, which "exceeded +all other swords." It once belonged to Jove, and was used by him against +the Titans, but it had been laid aside till Astraea gave it to the +Knight of Justice.</p> + +<p>Of most perfect metal it was made, Tempered with adamant ... no +substance was so ... hard But it would pierce or cleave whereso it came. +Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, v. (1596).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">The poet tells us it was broken to pieces by Radigund +queen of the Amazons (bk. v. 7), yet it reappears whole and sound (canto +12), when it is used with good service against Grantorto (<i>the spirit of +rebellion</i>). Spenser says it was called Chrysaor because "the blade was +garnished all with gold."</p> + +<p><i>Chrysa'or</i>, son of Neptune and Medu'sa. He married Callir'rhoê (4 +<i>syl.</i>), one of the sea-nymphs.</p> + +Chrysaor rising out of the sea,<br> +Showed thus glorious and thus emulous,<br> +Leaving the arms of Callirrhoê.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Longfellow, <i>The Evening Star</i>.</span><br> + +<p>Chryseis [<i>Kri see'.iss</i>], daughter of Chrysês priest of Apollo. She was +famed for her beauty and her embroidery. During the Trojan war Chryseis +was taken captive and allotted to Agamemnon king of Argos, but her +father came to ransom her. The king would not accept the offered ransom, +and Chrysês prayed that a plague might fall on the Grecian camp. His +prayer was answered, and in order to avert the plague Agamemnon sent the +lady back to her father not only without ransom but with costly +gifts.—Homer, <i>Iliad</i>, i.</p> + +<p><b>Chrysostom</b>, a famous scholar, who died for love of Marcella, "rich +William's daughter."</p> + +<p><b>Chucks</b>, the boatswain under Captain Savage.—Captain Marryat, +<i>Peter Simple</i> (1833).</p> + +<p><b>Chuffey</b>, Anthony Chuzzlewit's old clerk, almost in his dotage, but +master and man love each other with sincerest affection.</p> + +<p>Chuffey fell back into a dark corner on one side of the fire-place, +where he always spent his evenings, and was neither seen nor heard.... +save once, when a cup of tea was given him, in which he was seen to soak +his bread mechanically.... He remained, as it were, frozen up; if any +term expressive of such a vigorous process can be applied to him—C. +Dickens, <i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i>, xi. (1843).</p> + +<p><b>Chunée</b> (<i>À la</i>), very huge and bulky. Chunée was the largest +elephant ever brought to England. Henry Harris, manager of Covent +Garden, bought it for £900 to appear in the pantomime of <i>Harlequin +Padmenaba</i>, in 1810. It was subsequently sold to Cross, the proprietor +of Exeter 'Change. Chunée at length became mad, and was shot by a +detachment of the Guards, receiving 152 wounds. The skeleton is +preserved in the museum of the College of Surgeons. It is 12 feet 4 +inches high.</p> + +<p><b>Church built by Voltaire.</b> Voltaire, the atheist, built, at Ferney, +a Christian church, and had this inscription affixed to it "<i>Deo erexit +Voltaire</i>." Campbell, in the Life of Cowper (vol. vii., 358) says, "he +knows not to whom Cowper alludes in these lines:"</p> + +Nor his who for the bane of thousands born,<br> +Built God a church, and laughed His word to scorn.<br> + +<p>Cowper, <i>Retirement</i> (1782).</p> + +<p><b>Churm.</b> Guide, philosopher, and friend of Robert Byng, in <i>Cecil +Dreeme</i>. A noted philanthropist, the fame of whose benevolence is the +Open Sesame to an insane asylum in which his child is incarcerated. +—Theodore Winthrop, <i>Cecil Dreeme</i> (1861).</p> + +<p><b>Chuzzlewit</b> (<i>Anthony</i>), cousin of Martin Chuzzlewit, the +grandfather. Anthony is an avaricious old hunks, proud of having brought +up his son, Jonas, to be as mean and grasping as himself. His two +redeeming points are his affection for his old old servant, Chuffey, and +his forgiveness of Jonas after his attempt to poison him.</p> + +<p>The old established firm of Anthony Chuzzlewit and Son, Manchester +warehousemen ... had its place of business in a very narrow street +somewhere behind the Post Office.... A dim, dirty, smoky, tumble-down, +rotten old house it was ... but here the firm ... transacted their +business ... and neither the young man nor the old one had any other +residence.—Chap. xi.</p> + +<p><i>Jonas Chuzzlewit</i>, son of Anthony, of the "firm of Anthony Chuzzlewit +and Son, Manchester warehousemen." A consummate villain of mean +brutality and small tyranny. He attempts to poison his old father, and +murders Montague Tigg, who knows his secret. Jonas marries Mercy +Pecksniff, his cousin, and leads her a life of utter misery. His +education had been conducted on money-grubbing principles; the first +word he was taught to spell was <i>gain</i>, and the second, <i>money</i>. He +poisons himself to save his neck from the gallows.</p> + +<p>This fine young man had all the inclination of a profligate of the first +water, and only lacked the one good trait in the common catalogue of +debauched vices—open-handedness—to be a notable vagabond. But there +his griping and penurious habits stepped in.—Chap. xi.</p> + +<p><i>Martin Chuzzlewit, sen.</i>, grandfather to the hero of the same name. A +stern old man, whose kind heart has been turned to gall by the dire +selfishness of his relations. Being resolved to expose Pecksniff, he +goes to live in his house, and pretends to be weak in intellect, but +keeps his eyes sharp open, and is able to expose the canting scoundrel +in all his deformity.</p> + +<p><i>Martin Chuzzlewit, jun.</i>, the hero of the tale called <i>Martin +Chuzzlewit</i>, grandson to old Martin. His nature has been warped by bad +training, and, at first, he is both selfish and exacting; but the +troubles and hardships he undergoes in "Eden" completely transform him, +and he becomes worthy of Mary Graham, whom he marries.—C. Dickens, +<i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i> (1844).</p> + +<p><b>Cyndo'nax</b>, a chief druid, whose tomb (with a Greek inscription) was +discovered near Dijon, in 1598.</p> + +<p><b>Ciacco'</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), a glutton, spoken to by Dantê, in the third +circle of hell, the place in which gluttons are consigned to endless +woe. The word means "a pig," and is not a proper name, but only a +symbolical one.—Dantê, <i>Hell</i>, vi. (1300).</p> + +Ciacco, thy dire affliction grieves me much.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Hell</i>, vi.</span><br> + +<p><b>Cicero.</b> When the great Roman orator was given up by Augustus to the +revenge of Antony, it was a cobbler who conducted the sicarii to +Formiae, whither Cicero had fled in a litter, intending to put to sea. +His bearers would have fought, but Cicero forbade them, and one +Herennius has the unenviable notoriety of being his murderer.</p> + +<p>It was a cobbler that set the murderers on Cicero.—Ouida, <i>Ariadnê</i>, i. +6.</p> + +<p><i>Cicero of the British Senate</i>, George Canning (1770-1827).</p> + +<p><i>Cicero of France</i>, Jean Baptiste Massillon (1663-1742).</p> + +<p><i>Cicero of Germany</i>, John, Elector of Brandenburg (1455, 1486-1499).</p> + +<p><i>Cicero's Mouth</i>, Philippe Pot, Prime Minister of Louis XL (1428-1494).</p> + +<p><i>The British Cicero</i>, William Pitt, Earl of Chatham (1708-1778).</p> + +<p><i>The Christian Cicero</i>, Lucius Coelius Lactantius (died 330).</p> + +<p><i>The German Cicero</i>, Johann Sturm, printer and scholar (1507-1589).</p> + +<p><b>Cicely</b> (<i>Sweet</i>). Heroine of novel by Marietta Holley, better known +as "Josiah Allen's wife." (1885).</p> + +<p><i>Cicely Humphreys</i>. Putative daughter of Bothwell and Marie Stuart; who +is made the companion of her mother's journeyings and captivity.—C.M. +Yonge, <i>Unknown to History</i> (1885).</p> + +<p><b>Cyclinius</b>, mistake in one only manuscript of Chaucer for Cyllenius, +a name of Mercury, from his birth-place, Mt. Cyllene in Arcadia.</p> + +<p>Cyclinius (Cyllenius) riding in his chevauchie. Chaucer, <i>Complaint of +Mars and Venus</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Cid</b> (<i>The</i>) = Seid or Signior, also called <b>Campeador</b> +[<i>Cam.pa'.dor</i>] or "Camp hero." Rodrigue Diaz de Bivar was surnamed "the +Cid." The great hero of Castille, he was born at Burgos, 1030, and died, +1099. He signalized himself by his exploits in the reigns of Ferdinand, +Sancho II., and Alphonso VI. of Leon and Castille. In the wars between +Sancho II. and his brother (Alphonso VI.), he sided with the former; +and, on the assassination of Sancho, was disgraced, and quitted the +court. He then assembled his vassals and marched against the Moors, whom +he conquered in several battles, so that Alphonso was necessitated to +recall him. Both Corneille and Guilhem de Cantro have admirable +tragedies on the subject; Ross Neil has an English drama called <i>The +Cid</i>; Sanchez, in 1775, wrote a long poem of 1128 verses, called <i>Poema +del Cid Campeador</i>. Southey, in his <i>Chronicle of the Cid</i> (1808), has +collected all that is known of this extraordinary hero. (It was <i>The +Cid</i> (1636) which gained for Corneille the title of "Le Grand +Corneille.")</p> + +<p><i>The Cid's Father</i>, Don Diego Lainez.</p> + +<p><i>The Cid's Mother</i>, Doña Teresa Nnñez.</p> + +<p><i>The Cid's Wife</i>, Xime'na, daughter of the Count Lozano de Gormaz. The +French called her <i>La Belle Chimène</i>, but the <i>rôle</i> ascribed to her by +Corneille is wholly imaginary.</p> + +Never more to thine own castle<br> +Wilt thou turn Babieca's rein;<br> +Never will thy loved Ximena<br> +See thee at her side again.<br> +<i>The Cid</i>.<br> + +<p><i>The Cid's Children</i>. His two daughters were Elvi'ra and Sol; his son, +Diego Rodriquez, died young.</p> + +<p><i>The Cid's Horse</i> was Babieca [either <i>Bab.i.e'.keh</i> or <i>Ba.bee.'keh].</i> +It survived its master two years and a half, but no one was allowed to +mount it. Babieca was buried before the monastery gates of Valencia, and +two elms were planted to mark the spot.</p> + +Troth it goodly was and pleasant<br> +To behold him at their head,<br> +All in mail on Babieca,<br> +And to list the words he said.<br> +<i>The Cid</i>.<br> + +<p>(Here "Babieca" is 4 <i>syl</i>., but in the verse above it is only 3 +<i>syl</i>.).</p> + +<p><i>The Cid's Swords</i>, Cola'da and Tizo'na ("terror of the world"). The +latter was taken by him from King Bucar.</p> + +<p><i>Cid (The Portuguese</i>), Nunez Alva'rez Perei'ra (1360-1431).</p> + +<p><b>Cid Hamet Benengeli</b>, the hypothetical author of <i>Don Quixote</i>. (See +BENENGELI).</p> + +<p>Spanish commentators have discovered this pseudonym to be only an +Arabian version of <i>Signior Cervantes. Cid, i.e.</i>, "signior;" <i>Hamet</i>, a +Moorish prefix; and <i>Ben-en-geli</i>, meaning "son of a stag." So <i>cervato</i> +("a young stag") is the basis of the name Cervantes.</p> + +<p><b>Cidli</b>, the daughter of Jairus, restored to life by Jesus. She was +beloved by Sem'ida, the young man of Nain, also raised by Jesus from the +dead.—Klopstock, <i>The Messiah</i>, iv. (1771).</p> + +<p><b>Cigarette.</b> <i>Vivandiére</i> in the French army in Algiers. Passionate, +wilful, tender and brave, she gives her life to save that of the man she +loves.—Ouida, <i>Under Two Flags</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Cimmerian Darkness.</b> Homer places the Cimmerians beyond the Oceanus, +in a land of never-ending gloom; and immediately after Cimmeria, he +places the empire of Hadês. Pliny (<i>Historia Naturalis</i>, vi. 14) places +Cimmeria near the Lake Avernus, in Italy, where "the sun never +penetrates." Cimmeria is now called <i>Kertch</i>, but the Cossacks call it +<i>Prekla (Hell).</i></p> + +<p><b>Cincinnatus</b>, virtuous Roman patriot called from the plough to serve +the State.</p> + +<p><b>Cincinna'tus of the Americans</b>, George Washington (1732-1799).</p> + +<p><b>Cinderella</b>, the heroine of a fairy tale. She was the drudge of the +house, "put upon" by her two elder sisters. While the elder sisters were +at a ball, a fairy came, and having arrayed the "little cinder-girl" in +ball costume, sent her in a magnificent coach to the palace where the +ball was given. The prince fell in love with her, but knew not who she +was. This, however, he discovered by means of a "glass slipper" which +she dropped, and which fitted no foot but her own.</p> + +<p>(This tale is substantially the same as that of <i>Rhodopis and +Psammitichus</i> in Ælian <i>[Var. Hist</i>., xiii., 32]. A similar one is also +told in Strabo <i>(Geog.</i> xvii).)</p> + +<p>The <i>glass</i> slipper should be the <i>fur</i> slipper, <i>pantoufle en vair</i>, +not <i>en verre</i>; our version being taken from the <i>Contes de Fees</i> of C. +Perrault (1697).</p> + +<p><b>Cindy</b>, maid-of-all-work in the Derrick household, in Susan Warner's +<i>Say and Seal.</i> With the freedom of Yankee help she is "'boun' to +confess" whatever occurs to her mind in season and out of season. +(1860).</p> + +<p><b>Cinna</b>, a tragedy by Pierre Corneille (1637). Mdlle. Rachel, in +1838, took the part of Emilie the heroine, and made a great sensation in +Paris.</p> + +<p><b>Cinq-Mars</b>, (<i>H. Coiffier de Ruze, marquis de</i>), favorite of Louis +XIII. and <i>protégé</i> of Richelieu (1620-1642). Irritated by the +cardinal's opposition to his marriage with Marie de Gonzague, Cinq-Mars +tried to overthrow or to assassinate him. Gaston, the king's brother, +sided with the conspirator, but Richelieu discovered the plot, and +Cinq-Mars, being arrested, was condemned to death. Alfred de Vigny +published, in 1826, a novel (in imitation of Scott's historical novels) +on the subject, under the title of <i>Cinq-Mars.</i></p> + +<p><b>Cinquecento</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the fifteenth century of Italian notables. +They were Ariosto (1474-1533), Tasso (1544-1595), and Giovanni Rucellai +(1475-1526), <i>poets</i>; Raphael (1483-1520), Titian (1480-1576), and +Michael Angelo (1474-1564), <i>painters</i>. These, with Machiavelli, Luigi +Alamanni, Bernardo Baldi, etc., make up what is termed the +"Cinquecentesti." The word means the worthies of the '500 epoch, and it +will be observed that they all flourished between 1500 and the close of +that century. (See SEICENTA).</p> + +Ouida writes in winter mornings at a Venetian<br> +writing-table of cinquecento work that<br> +would enrapture the souls of the virtuosi who<br> +haunt Christie's.—E. Yates, <i>Celebrities</i>, xix.<br> + +<p><b>Cipan'go or Zipango</b>, a marvellous island described in the <i>Voyages</i> +of Marco Polo, the Venetian traveller. He described it as lying some +1500 miles from land. This island was an object of diligent search with +Columbus and other early navigators, but belongs to that wonderful chart +which contains the <i>El Dorado</i> of Sir Walter Raleigh, the <i>Utopia</i> of +Sir Thomas More, the <i>Atlantis</i> of Lord Bacon, the <i>Laputa</i> of Dean +Swift, and other places better known in story than in geography.</p> + +<p><b>Circe</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a sorceress who metamorphosed the companions of +Ulysses into swine. Ulysses resisted the enchantment by means of the +herb <i>moly</i>, given him by Mercury.</p> + +Who knows not Circe,<br> +The daughter of the sun, whose charmed cup<br> +Whoever tasted lost his upright shape,<br> +And downward fell into a grovelling swine?<br> +Milton, <i>Comus</i> (1634).<br> + +<p><b>Circuit</b> <i>(Serjeant)</i>, in Foote's farce called <i>The Lame Lover</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Cis'ley</b> or <b>Ciss</b>, any dairy-maid. Tusser frequently speaks of +the "dairy-maid Cisley," and in <i>April Husbandry</i> tells Ciss she must +carefully keep these ten guests from her cheeses: Gehazi, Lot's wife, +Argus, Tom Piper, Crispin, Lazarus, Esau, Mary Maudlin, Gentiles and +bishops. (1)Gehazi, because a cheese should never be a dead white, +like Gehazi the leper. (2) Lot's wife, because a cheese should not be too +salt, like Lot's wife. (3) Argus, because a cheese should not be full of +eyes, like Argus. (4) Tom Piper, because a cheese should not be "hoven +and puffed," like the cheeks of a piper. (5) Crispin, because a cheese should not be +leathery, as if for a cobbler's use. (6) Lazarus, because a cheese +should not be poor, like the beggar Lazarus. (7) Esau, because a cheese +should not be hairy, like Esau. (8) Mary Maudlin, because a cheese +should not be full of whey, as Mary Maudlin was full of tears. (9) +Gentiles, because a cheese should not be full of maggots or gentils. +(10) Bishops, because a cheese should not be made of burnt milk, or milk +"banned by a bishop."—T. Tusser, <i>Five Hundred Points of Good +Husbandry</i>, ("April," 1557).</p> + +<p><b>Citizen</b> <i>(The)</i>, a farce by Arthur Murphy. George Philpot is +destined to be the husband of Maria Wilding, but as Maria Wilding is in +love with Beaufort, she behaves so sillily to her betrothed that he +refuses to marry her, whereupon she gives her hand to Beaufort (1757).</p> + +<p><b>City Madam</b> <i>(The)</i>, a comedy by Philip Massinger (1633). She was +the daughter of a farmer named Goodman Humble, and married a merchant, +Sir John Frugal, who became immensely wealthy, but retired from +business, and by a deed of gift transferred his wealth to his brother +Luke, whereby madam and her daughter were both dependent on him. During +her days of wealth the extravagance of Lady Frugal was unbounded, and +her dress costly beyond conception; but Luke reduced her state to that +of farmers' daughters in general. Luke says to her:</p> + +You were served in plate;<br> +Stirred not a foot without a coach, and going<br> +To church, not for devotion, but to show<br> +Your pomp.<br> + +<p><i>The City Madam</i> is an extraordinarily spirited picture of actual life, +idealized into a semi-comic strain of poetry.—Professor Spaulding.</p> + +<p><b>Cladpole</b> <i>(Tim)</i>, Richard Lower, of Chiddingly, author of <i>Tom +Cladpole's Journey to Lunnun</i> (1831); <i>Jan Cladpole's Trip to 'Merricur</i> +(1844), etc.</p> + +<p><b>Claimant</b> <i>(The).</i> William Knollys, in in <i>The Great Banbury Case</i>, +claimed the baronetcy, but was non-suited. This suit lasted 150 years +(1660-1811).</p> + +<p>Douglas <i>v</i>. Hamilton, in <i>The Great Douglas Case</i>, was settled in favor +of the claimant, who was at once raised to the peerage under the name +and title of Baron Douglas of Douglas Castle, but was not restored to +the title of duke (1767-1769).</p> + +<p>Tom Provis, a schoolmaster of ill repute, who had married a servant of +Sir Hugh Smithes of Ashton Hall, near Bristol, claimed the baronetcy and +estates, but was non-suited and condemned to imprisonment for twenty-one +years (1853).</p> + +<p>Arthur Orton, who claimed to be Sir Roger Tichborne (drowned at sea). He +was non-suited and sentenced to fourteen years' imprisonment for perjury +(1871-1872).</p> + +<p><b>Claire Twining</b>, daughter of a refined man, the scion of an old +English family and a vulgar woman who marries him to escape from +poverty. After his death, the daughter begins her career of rising in +the social scale, using a wealthy school-fellow as the first step, a +well-born husband as the last. The emptiness and vanity of what she +gained are well set forth in <i>An Ambitious Woman</i>, by Edgar Fawcett. +(1883).</p> + +<p><b>Clandestine Marriage</b> <i>(The).</i> Fanny Sterling, the younger daughter +of Mr. Sterling, a rich city merchant, is clandestinely married to Mr. +Lovewell, an apprentice in the house, of good family; and Sir John +Melvil is engaged to Miss Sterling, the elder sister. Lord Ogleby is a +guest in the merchant's house. Sir John prefers Fanny to her elder +sister, and, not knowing of her marriage, proposes to her, but is +rejected. Fanny appeals to Lord Ogleby, who, being a vain old fop, +fancies she is in love with him, and tells Sterling he means to make her +a countess. Matters being thus involved, Lovewell goes to consult with +Fanny about declaring their marriage, and the sister, convinced that Sir +John is shut up in her sister's room, rouses the house with a cry of +"Thieves!" Fanny and Lovewell now make their appearance. All parties are +scandalized. But Fanny declares they have been married four months, and +Lord Ogleby takes their part. So all ends well.—G. Colman and D. +Garrick (1766).</p> + +<p>This comedy is a <i>réchauffé</i> of <i>The False Concord</i>, by Rev. James +Townley, many of the characters and much of the dialogue being +preserved.</p> + +<p><b>Cla'ra,</b> in Otway's comedy called <i>The Cheats of Scapin</i>, an English +version of <i>Les Fourberies de Scapin</i>, by Molière, represents the French +character called "Hyacinthe." Her father is called by Otway "Gripe," and +by Molière "Géronte" (2 <i>syl</i>.); her brother is "Leander," in French +"Leandre;" and her sweetheart "Octavian" son of "Thrifty," in French +"Octave" son of "Argante." The sum of money wrung from Gripe is £200, +but that squeezed out of Géronte is 1,500 livres.</p> + +<p><b>Clara [d'Almanza],</b> daughter of Don Guzman of Seville, beloved by +Don Ferdinand, but destined by her mother for a cloister. She loves +Ferdinand, but repulses him from shyness and modesty, quits home and +takes refuge in St. Catherine's Convent. Ferdinand discovers her +retreat, and after a few necessary blunders they are married.—Sheridan, +<i>The Duenna</i> (1773).</p> + +<p><i>Clara (Donna)</i>, the troth-plight wife of Octavio. Her affianced +husband, having killed Don Felix in a duel, was obliged to lie <i>perdu</i> +for a time, and Clara, assuming her brother's clothes and name, went in +search of him. Both came to Salamanca, both set up at the Eagle, both +hired the same servant, Lazarillo, and ere long they met, recognized +each other, and became man and wife.—Jephson, <i>Two Strings to your Bow</i> +(1792).</p> + +<p><i>Clara</i> [DOUGLAS], a lovely girl of artless mind, feeling heart, great +modesty, and well accomplished. She loved Alfred Evelyn, but refused to +marry him because they were both too poor to support a house. Evelyn was +left an immense fortune, and proposed to Georgina Vesey, but Georgina +gave her hand to Sir Frederick Blount. Being thus disentangled, Evelyn +again proposed to Clara, and was joyfully accepted.—Lord L. Bulwer +Lytton, <i>Money</i> (1840).</p> + +<p><b>Clarchen</b> <i>[Kler'.kn]</i>, a female character in Goethe's <i>Egmont</i>, +noted for her constancy and devotion.</p> + +<p><b>Clare</b> <i>(Ada)</i>, cousin of Richard Carstone, both of whom are orphans +and wards in Chancery. They marry each other, but Richard dies young, +blighted by the law's delays in the great Chancery suit of "Jarndyce +<i>v</i>. Jarndyce."—C. Dickens, <i>Bleak House</i> (1853).</p> + +<p><b>Clarence</b> <i>(George Duke of</i>), introduced by Sir W. Scott in <i>Anne of +Geierstein</i> (time Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Clarence and the Malmsey Butt.</b> According to tradition, George, Duke +of Clarence, having joined Warwick to replace Henry VI. on the throne, +was put to death, and the choice being offered him, was drowned in a +butt of malmsey wine (1478).</p> + +<p><b>Clarendon</b> <i>(The Earl of</i>), Lord Chancellor to Charles II. +Introduced by Sir W. Scott in <i>Woodstock</i> (time, Commonwealth).</p> + +<p><b>Claribel</b> <i>(Sir)</i>, surnamed "The Lewd." One of the six knights who +contended for the false Florimel.—Spenser, <i>Faery Queen</i>, iv. 9 (1593).</p> + +<p><i>Clar'ibel</i>, the pseudonym of Mrs. Barnard, author of numerous popular +songs (from 1865 to).</p> + +<p><b>Clar'ice</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), wife of Rinaldo, and sister of Huon of +Bordeaux. Introduced in the romances of Bojardo, Ariosto, Tasso, etc.</p> + +<p><b>Clarin or Clarin'da,</b> the confidential maid of Radigund, queen of +the Am'azons. When the queen had got Sir Ar'tegal into her power, and +made him change his armor for an apron, and his sword for a distaff, she +fell in love with the captive, and sent Clarin to win him over by fair +promises and indulgences. Clarin performed the appointed mission, but +fell in love herself with the knight, and told the queen that Sir +Artegal was obstinate, and rejected her advances with scorn.—Spenser, +<i>Faery Queen</i>, v. 5 (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Clarinda</b>, the heroine of Mrs. Centlivre's drama <i>The Beau's Duel</i> +(1703).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> "Estifania," in <i>Rule a Wife and Have a Wife</i>, by Beaumont and +Fletcher.</p> + +<p><i>Clarin'da</i>, a merry, good-humored, high-spirited lady, in love with +Charles Frankly. The madcap Ranger is her cousin.—Dr. Hoadly, <i>The +Suspicious Husband</i> (1747).</p> + +<p><i>Clarinda</i> of Robert Burns, was Mrs. Maclehose, who was alive in 1833.</p> + +<p><b>Clarion</b>, the son and heir of Muscarol. He was the fairest and most +prosperous of all the race of flies. Aragnol, the son of Arachnê (the +spider), entertained a deep and secret hatred of the young prince, and +set himself to destroy him; so, weaving a most curious net, Clarion was +soon caught, and Aragnol gave him his death-wound by piercing him under +the left wing.—Spenser <i>Muiopotmos or The Butterfly's Fate</i> (1590).</p> + +<p><b>Claris'sa</b>, wife of Gripe the scrivener. A lazy, lackadaisical, fine +city lady, who thinks "a woman must be of mechanic mold who is either +troubled or pleased with anything her husband can do" (act i. 3). She +has "wit and beauty, with a fool to her husband," but though "fool," a +hard, grasping, mean old hunks.</p> + +<p><i>Claris'sa</i>, sister of Beverley, plighted to George Bellmont.—A. +Murphy, <i>All in the Wrong</i>, (1761).</p> + +<p><b>Clarissa Harlowe.</b> (See HARLOWE.)</p> + +<p><b>Clark</b> <i>(The Rev T.)</i>., the pseudonym of John Gall, the novelist +(1779 1839).</p> + +<p><b>Clarke</b> <i>(The Rev. C. C.)</i>, one of the many pseudonyms of Sir +Richard Phillips, author of <i>The Hundred Wonders of the World</i> (1818), +<i>Readings in Natural Philosophy</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Clarsie</b>, the mountain maid who, going out at dawn to "try her +fortune," discovers the "Harnt" that walks Chilhowee.—Charles Egbert +Craddock (Mary Noailles Murfree), <i>In the Tennessee Mountains</i> (1884).</p> + +<p><b>Cla'tho,</b> the last wife of Fingal and mother of Fillan, Fingal's +youngest son.</p> + +<p><b>Claude</b> <i>(The English</i>), Richard Wilson (1714-1782).</p> + +<p><b>Clau'dine</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), wife of the porter of the hotel Harancour, +and old nurse of Julio "the deaf and dumb" count. She recognizes the +lad, who had been rescued by De l'Epée from the streets of Paris, and +brought up by him under the name of Theodore. Ultimately, the guardian +Darlemont confesses that he had sent him adrift under the hope of +getting rid of him; but being proved to be the count, he is restored to +his rank and property.—Th. Holcroft, <i>The Deaf and Dumb</i> (1785).</p> + +<p><b>Claudio</b> <i>(Lord)</i> of Florence, a friend of Don Pedro, Prince of +Arragon, and engaged to Hero (daughter of Leonato, governor of +Messina)—Shakespeare, <i>Much Ado about Nothing</i> (1600).</p> + +<p><i>Claudio</i>, condemned to die for betraying his mistress Juliet, tries to +buy his life at the sacrifice of his sister Isabella's honor, shamefully +pursued by Angelo, the Duke's deputy.—Shakespeare, <i>Measure for +Measure</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Clau'dius,</b> King of Denmark, who poisoned his brother, married the +widow, and usurped the throne. Claudius induced Laertes to challenge +Hamlet to play with foils, but persuaded him to poison his weapon. In +the combat the foils got changed, and Hamlet wounded Laertes with the +poisoned weapon. In order still further to secure the death of Hamlet, +Claudius had a cup of poisoned wine prepared, which he intended to give +Hamlet when he grew thirsty with playing. The queen, drinking of this +cup, died of poison, and Hamlet, rushing on Claudius, stabbed him and +cried aloud, "Here, thou incestuous, murderous Dane.... Follow my +mother!"—Shakespeare, <i>Hamlet</i> (1596). </p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">In the <i>History +of Hamblet</i>, Claudius is called "Fengon," a far better name for a Dane.</p> + +<p><i>Claudius</i>, the instrument of Appius the decemvir for entrapping +Virginia. He pretended that Virginia was his slave, who had been stolen +from him and sold to Virginius.—J. S. Knowles, <i>Virginius</i> (1820).</p> + +<p><i>Claudius (Mathias)</i>, a German poet born at Rheinfeld, and author of the +famous song called <i>Rheinweinlied</i> ("Rhenish wine song"), sung at all +convivial feasts of the Germans.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Claudius, though he sang of flagons,</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And huge tankards filled with Rhenish,</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">From the fiery blood of dragons</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Never would his own replenish.</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 8em;">Longfellow, <i>Drinking Song</i>.</span><br> + +<p><b>Claus</b> <i>(Peter).</i> (See under K.)</p> + +<p><i>Claus (Santa)</i>, a familiar name for St. Nicholas, the patron saint of +children. On Christmas Eve German children have presents stowed away in +their socks and shoes while they are asleep, and the little credulous +ones suppose that Santa Claus or Klaus placed them there.</p> + +<p>St. Nicholas is said to have supplied three destitute maidens with +marriage portions by secretly leaving money with their widowed mother, +and as his day occurs just before Christmas, he was selected for the +gift-giver on Christmas Eve.—Yonge.</p> + +<p>"<b>Claverhouse</b>," or the Marquis of Argyll, a kinsman of Ravenswood, +introduced by Sir W. Scott in <i>The Bride of Lammermoor</i> (time, William +III.).</p> + +<p><i>Claver'house</i> (3 <i>syl</i>.), John Graham of Claverhouse (Viscount Dundee), +a relentless Jacobite, so rapacious and profane, so violent in temper +and obdurate of heart, that every Scotchman hates the name. He hunted +the Covenanters with real vindictiveness, and is a by-word for barbarity +and cruelty (1650-1689).</p> + +<p><b>Clavijo</b> <i>(Don)</i>, a cavalier who "could touch the guitar to +admiration, write poetry, dance divinely, and had a fine genius for +making bird-cages." He married the Princess Antonomesia of Candaya, and +was metamorphosed by Malambru/no into a crocodile of some unknown metal. +Don Quixote disenchanted him "by simply attempting the adventure."— +Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, II. iii. 4, 5 (1615).</p> + +<p><b>Clavilen'o,</b> the wooden horse on which Don Quixote got astride in +order to disenchant the Infanta Antonoma'sia, her husband, and the +Countess Trifaldi (called the "Dolori'da Dueña"). It was "the very horse +on which Peter of Provence carried off the fair Magalone, and was +constructed by Merlin." This horse was called Clavileno or wooden Peg, +because it was governed by a wooden pin in the forehead.—Cervantes, +<i>Don Quixote</i>, II. iii. 4, 5 (1615).</p> + +<p>There is one peculiar advantage attending this horse; he neither eats, +drinks, sleeps, nor wants shoeing.... His name is not Pegasus, nor +Bucephalus; nor is it Brilladoro, the name of the steed of Orlando +Furioso; neither is it Bayarte, which belonged to Reynaldo de Montalbon; +nor Bootes, nor Peritoa, the horses of the sun; but his name is +Clavileno the Winged.—Chap. 4.</p> + +<p><b>Claypole</b> <i>(Noah), alias</i> "Morris Bolter," an ill-conditioned +charity-boy, who takes down the shutters of Sowerberry's shop and +receives broken meats from Charlotte (Sowerberry's servant), whom he +afterwards marries.—C. Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i> (1837).</p> + +<p><b>Clay and Randolph.</b> In his <i>Thirty Years' View</i>, Thomas Hart Benton +gives a graphic description of the famous duel between Henry Clay and +John Randolph, of Roanoke (April 8, 1826).</p> + +<p>After two shots had been exchanged without injury to either, the two +statesmen shook hands, Randolph remarking: "You owe me a coat, Mr. +Clay," a bullet having passed through his; and Mr. Clay answered: "I am +glad the debt is no greater!" (1854).</p> + +<p><b>Cleante</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), brother-in-law of Orgon. He is distinguished +for his genuine piety, and is both high-minded and +compassionate.—Molière, <i>La Tartuffe</i> (1664).</p> + +<p><i>Cléante</i> (2 <i>Syl.</i>), son of Har'pagon the miser, in love with Mariane +(3 <i>syl</i>.). Harpagon, though 60 years old, wished to marry the same +young lady, but Cléante solved the difficulty thus: He dug up a casket +of gold from the garden, hidden under a tree by the miser, and while +Harpagon was raving about the loss of his gold, Cléante told him he +might take his choice between Mariane and the gold. The miser preferred +the casket, which was restored to him, and Cléante married +Mariane.—Molière, <i>L'Avar</i> (1667).</p> + +<p><i>Cléante</i> (2 <i>syl</i>.), the lover of Angelique, daughter of Argan the +<i>malade imaginaire</i>. As Argan had promised Angelique in marriage to +Thomas Diafoirus, a young surgeon, Cléante carries on his love as a +music-master, and though Argan is present, the lovers sing to each other +their plans under the guise of an interlude called "Tircis and Philis." +Ultimately, Argan assents to the marriage of his daughter with +Cléante.—Molière, <i>Le Malade Imaginaire</i> (1673).</p> + +<p><b>Clean'the</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), sister of Siphax of Paphos.—Beaumont and +Fletcher, <i>The Mad Lover</i> (1617).</p> + +<p><i>Cleanthe</i> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the lady beloved by Ion.—Talfourd, <i>Ion</i> (1835).</p> + +<p><b>Clean'thes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), son of Leon'idês and husband of Hippolita, +noted for his filial piety. The Duke of Epire made a law that all men +who had attained the age of 80 should be put to death as useless +incumbrances of the commonwealth. Simonidês, a young libertine, admired +the law, but Cleanthês looked on it with horror, and determined to save +his father from its operation. Accordingly, he gave out that his father +was dead, and an ostentatious funeral took place; but Cleanthês retired +to a wood, where he concealed Leon'idês, while he and his wife waited on +him and administered to his wants.—<i>The Old Law</i> (a comedy of Philip +Massinger, T. Middleton, and W. Rowley, 1620).</p> + +<p><b>Clegg</b> <i>(Holdfast)</i>, a Puritan mill-wright.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril +of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Cleish'botham</b> <i>(Jededi'ah)</i>, schoolmaster and parish clerk of +Gandercleuch, who employed his assistant teacher to arrange and edit the +tales told by the landlord of the Wallace Inn of the same parish. These +tales the editor disposed in three series, called by the general title +of <i>The Tales of My Landlord (q.v.).</i> (See introduction to <i>The Black +Dwarf</i>.) Of course the real author is Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832).</p> + +<p><i>Mrs. Dorothea Cleishbotham</i>, wife of the schoolmaster, a perfect +Xantippê, and a "sworn sister of the Eumen'idês."</p> + +<p><b>Cle'lia or Cloe'lia,</b> a Roman maiden, one of the hostages given to +Por'sena. She made her escape from the Etruscan camp by swimming across +the Tiber. Being sent back by the Romans, Porsena not only set her at +liberty for her gallant deed, but allowed her to take with her a part of +the hostages. Mdlle. Scudéri has a novel on the subject, entitled +<i>Clélie, Histoire Romaine</i>.</p> + +Our statues—not those that men desire—<br> +Sleek odalisques <i>[Turkish slaves</i>] ... but<br> +The Carian Artemisia ... <i>[See Artemisia</i>.]<br> +Clelia, Cornelia ... and the Roman brows<br> +Of Agrippina.<br> +<br> +Tennyson, <i>The Princess</i>, ii.<br> + +<p><i>Cle'lia</i>, a vain, frivolous female butterfly, with a smattering of +everything. In youth she was a coquette; and when youth was passed, +tried sundry means to earn a living, but without success.—Crabbe, +<i>Borough</i> (1810).</p> + +<p><b>Clelie</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), the heroine of a novel so called by Mdlle. +Scudéri. (See CLELIA.)</p> + +<p><b>Clement</b>, one of the attendants of Sir Reginald Front de Boeuf (a +follower of Prince John).—Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><i>Clem'ent (Justice)</i>, a man quite able to discern between fun and crime. +Although he had the weakness "of justices' justice." he had not the +weakness of ignorant vulgarity.</p> + +<p><i>Knowell</i>. They say he will commit a man for taking the wall of his +horse.</p> + +<p><i>Wellbred</i>. Ay, or for wearing his cloak on one shoulder, or serving +God. Anything, indeed, if it comes in the way of his humor.—B. Jonson, +<i>Every Man in His Humor</i>, iii. 2 (1598).</p> + +<p><b>Clementi'na</b> <i>(The Lady</i>), an amiable, delicate, beautiful, +accomplished, but unfortunate woman, deeply in love with Sir Charles +Grandison. Sir Charles married Harriet Byron.—S. Richardson, <i>The +History of Sir Charles Grandison</i> (1753).</p> + +<p>Cle'ofas (<i>Don</i>), the hero of a novel by Lesage, entitled <i>Le Diable +Boiteux</i> (<i>The Devil on Two Sticks</i>). A fiery young Spaniard, proud, +high-spirited and revengeful; noted for gallantry but not without +generous sentiment. Asmode'us (4 <i>syl</i>.) shows him what is going on in +private families by unroofing the houses (1707).</p> + +<p><b>Cleom'brotus</b> or Ambracio'ta of Ambrac'ia, +(in Epirus). Having read Plato's +book on the soul's immortality and happiness +in another life, he was so ravished +with the description that he leaped into +the sea that he might die and enjoy +Plato's elysium.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 7.5em;">He who to enjoy</span><br> +Plato's elysium leaped into the sea,<br> +Cleombrotus.<br> + +<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, iii. 471, etc. (1665).</p> + +<p><b>Cleom'enes</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), the hero and title of a drama by Dryden +(1692). As Dryden came out of the theatre a young fop of fashion said to +him: "If I had been left alone with a young beauty, I would not have +spent my time like your Spartan hero." "Perhaps not," said the poet, +"but you are not my hero."—W. C. Russell, <i>Representative Actors</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Cleom'enes</i> (4 <i>syl</i>.). "The Venus of Cleomenês" is now called "The +Venus de Medici." Such a mere moist lump was once ... "the Venus of +Cleomenês."—Ouida, <i>Ariadné</i>, i. 8.</p> + +<p><b>Cle'on,</b> governor of Tarsus, burnt to death with his wife Dionys'ia +by the enraged citizens, to revenge the supposed murder of Mari'na, +daughter of Per'iclês, Prince of Tyre.—Shakespeare, <i>Pericles, Prince +of Tyre</i> (1608).</p> + +<p><i>Cle'on</i>, the personification of Glory.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Cleop'atra,</b> Queen of Egypt, wife of Ptolemy Dionysius, her brother. +She was driven from her throne, but re-established by Julius Cæsar, B.C. +47. Antony, captivated by her, repudiated his wife, Octavia, to live +with the fascinating Egyptian. After the loss of the battle of Actium, +Cleopatra killed herself by an asp.</p> + +<p>E. Jodelle wrote in French a tragedy called <i>Cléopâtre Captive</i> (1550); +Jean Mairet one called <i>Cléopâtre</i> (1630); Isaac de Benserade (1670); J. +F. Marmontel (1750), and Mde. de Girardin (1847) wrote tragedies in +French on the same subject. S. Daniel (1600) wrote a tragedy in English +called <i>Cleopatra</i>; Shakespeare one called <i>Antony and Cleopatra</i> +(1608); and Dryden one on the same subject, called <i>All for Love</i> or +<i>the World Well Lost</i> (1682).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Mrs. Oldfield (1683-1730) and Peg (Margaret) Woffington +(1718-1760) were unrivalled in this character.</p> + +<p><i>Cleopatra and the Pearl</i>. The tale is that Cleopatra made a sumptuous +banquet, which excited the surprise of Antony; whereupon the queen took +a pearl ear-drop, dissolved it in a strong acid and drank the liquor to +the health of the triumvir, saying: "My draught to Antony shall exceed +in value the whole banquet."</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">When Queen Elizabeth visited the Exchange, Sir Thomas +Gresham pledged her health in a cup of wine containing a precious stone +crushed to atoms, and worth £15,000.</p> + +<p>Here £15,000 at one clap goes Instead of sugar; Gresham drinks the pearl +Unto his queen and mistress. Pledge it; love it!--Th. Heywood, <i>If You +Know not Me. You Know Nobody</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Cleopatra in Hades</i>. Cleopatra, says Rabelais, is "a crier of onions" +in the shades below. The Latin for a pearl and onion is <i>unio</i>, and the +pun refers to Cleopatra giving her <i>pearl</i> (or <i>onion</i>) to Antony in a +draught of wine, or, as some say, drinking it herself in toasting her +lover.—Rabelais, <i>Pantagruel</i>, ii. 30 (1553).</p> + +<p><i>Cleopat'ra</i>, Queen of Syria, daughter of Ptolemy Philome'ter, King of +Egypt. She first married Alexander Bala, the usurper (B.C. 149); next +Deme'trius Nica'nor. Demetrius, being taken prisoner by the Parthians, +married Rodogune (3 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of Phraa'tes (3 <i>syl</i>.) the +Parthian king, and Cleopatra married Antiochus Sidetês, brother of +Demetrius. She slew her son Seleucus (by Demetrius) for treason, and as +this produced a revolt, abdicated in favor of her second son, Anti'ochus +VIII., who compelled her to drink poison which she had prepared for +himself. P. Corneille has made this the subject of his tragedy called +<i>Rodogune</i> (1646).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> This is not the Cleopatra of Shakespeare's and Dryden's +tragedies.</p> + +<p><i>Cleopatra</i>. In his <i>Graffiti d'Italia</i>, William Wetmore Story gives a +passionate soliloquy of the Egyptian Queen, beginning:—</p> + +"Here, Charmian, take my bracelets;<br> +They bar with a purple stain<br> +My arms."<br> +<br> +(1868).<br> + +<p><b>Clere'mont</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a merry gentleman, the friend of +Dinant'.—"Beaumont and Fletcher" <i>The Little French Lawyer</i> (1547).</p> + +<p><b>Cler'imond</b>, niece of the Green Knight, sister of Fer'ragus the +giant, and bride of Valentine the brave.—<i>Valentine and Orson</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Clerks</b> <i>(St. Nicholas's)</i>, thieves, also called "St. Nicholas's +Clergymen," in allusion to the tradition of "St. Nicholas and the +thieves." Probably a play on the words <i>Nich-olas</i> and <i>Old Nick</i> may be +designed.—See Shakespeare, 1 <i>Henry IV</i>. act ii. sc. 1 (1597).</p> + +<p><b>Cless'ammor,</b> son of Thaddu and brother of Morna (Fingal's mother). +He married Moina, daughter of Reutha'mir (the principal man of +Balclutha, on the Clyde). It so happened that Moina was beloved by a +Briton named Reuda, who came with an army to carry her off. Reuda was +slain by Clessammor; but Clessammor, being closely pressed by the +Britons, fled, and never again saw his bride. In due time a son was +born, called Carthon; but the mother died. While Carthon was still an +infant, Fingal's father attacked Balclutha, and slew Reuthama (Carthon's +grandfather). While the boy grew to manhood, he determined on vengeance; +accordingly he invaded Morven, the kingdom of Fingal, where Clessammor, +not knowing who he was, engaged him in single combat, and slew him. When +he discovered that it was his son, three days he mourned for him, and on +the fourth he died.—Ossian, <i>Carthon</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Cleve'land</b> <i>(Barbara Villiers, Duchess of)</i>, one of the mistresses +of Charles II., introduced by Sir W. Scott in <i>Peveril of the Peak</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Cleve'land</i> (Captain Clement), alias Vaughan [<i>Vawn</i>], "the pirate," +son of Norna of the Fitful Head. He is in love with Minna Troil +(daughter of Magnus Troil, the udaller of Zetland).—Sir W. Scott, <i>The +Pirate</i> (time, William III).</p> + +<p><b>Clever</b>, the man-servant of Hero Sutton, "the city maiden." When +Hero assumed the guise of a quaker, Clever called himself Obadiah, and +pretended to be a rigid quaker also. His constant exclamation was "Umph! +"—S. Knowles, <i>Woman's Wit, etc</i>. (1838).</p> + +<p>Clifford <i>(Sir Thomas</i>), betrothed to Julia (daughter of Master Walter +"the hunchback"). He is wise, honest, truthful, and well-favored, kind, +valiant, and prudent.—S. Knowles, <i>The Hunchback</i> (1831).</p> + +<p><i>Clifford, (Mr.)</i>, the heir of Sir William Charlton in right of his +mother, and in love with Lady Emily Gayville. The scrivener Alscrip had +fraudulently got possession of the deeds of the Charlton estates, which +he had given to his daughter called "the heiress," and which amounted to +£2000 a year; but Rightly, the lawyer, discovered the fraud, and "the +heiress" was compelled to relinquish this part of her fortune. Clifford +then proposed to Lady Emily, and was accepted.—General Burgoyne, <i>The +Heiress</i>. (1781).</p> + +<p><i>Clifford (Paul)</i>, a highwayman, reformed by the power of love.—Lord +Lytton, <i>Paul Clifford</i> (1830).</p> + +<p><i>Clifford (Rosamond)</i>, usually called "The Fair Rosamond," the favorite +mistress of Henry II.; daughter of Walter Lord Clifford. She is +introduced by Tennyson in his tragedy <i>Becket</i>. Miss Terry acted the +part. Dryden says:</p> + +<i>Jane</i> Clifford was her name, as books aver,<br> +"Fair Rosamond" was but her <i>nom de guerre</i>.<br> + +<p><i>Epilogue to Henry II</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Clifford (Henry Lord</i>), a general in the English army.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Castle Dangerous</i> (time, Henry I.).</p> + +<p><b>Clifton</b> (<i>Harry</i>), lieutenant of H.M. ship <i>Tiger</i>. A daring, +dashing, care-for-nobody young English sailor, delighting in adventure, +and loving a good scrape. He and his companion Mat Mizen take the side +of El Hyder, and help to re-establish the Chereddin, Prince of Delhi, +who had been dethroned by Hamlet Abdulerim.—Barrymore, <i>El Hyder, Chief +of the Ghaut Mountains</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Clim of the Clough.</b> (See CLYM).</p> + +<p><b>Clink</b> (<i>Jem</i>), the turnkey at Newgate.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of +the Peak</i> (time, Charles II).</p> + +<p><b>Clinker</b> (<i>Humphry</i>), a poor work-house lad, put out by the parish +as apprentice to a blacksmith, and afterwards employed as an ostler's +assistant and extra postilion. Being dismissed from the stables, he +enters the service of Mr. Bramble, a fretful, grumpy, but kind-hearted +and generous old gentleman, greatly troubled with gout. Here he falls in +love with Winifred Jenkins, Miss Tabitha Brambles's maid, and turns out +to be a natural son of Mr. Bramble.—T. Smollett, <i>The Expedition of +Humphry Clinker</i> (1771.)</p> + +<p><b>Clip'purse</b> (<i>Lawyer</i>), the lawyer employed by Sir Everard Waverley +to make his will.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Cliquot</b> (<i>Klee'ko</i>), a nickname given by <i>Punch</i> to Frederick +William IV. of Prussia, from his love of champagne of the "Cliquot +brand" (1795, 1840-1861).</p> + +<p><b>Clitandre</b>, a wealthy bourgeois, in love with Henriette, "the +thorough woman," by whom he is beloved with fervent affection. Her elder +sister, Armande (2 <i>syl</i>.), also loves him, but her love is of the +platonic hue, and Clitandre prefers in a wife the warmth of woman's love +to the marble of philosophic ideality.—Molière, <i>Les Femmes Savantes</i> +(1672).</p> + +<p><b>Cloaci'na,</b> the presiding personification of city sewers. (Latin, +<i>cloaca</i>, "a sewer.")</p> + +...Cloacina, goddess of the tide,<br> +Whose sable streams beneath the city glide.<br> +<br> +Gay, <i>Trivia</i>, ii. (1712).<br> + +<p><b>Clod'dipole</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), "the wisest lout of all the neighboring +plain." Appointed to decide the contention between Cuddy and Lobbin +Clout.</p> + +From Cloddipole we learn to read the skies,<br> +To know when hail will fall, or winds arise;<br> +He taught us erst the heifer's tail to view,<br> +When struck aloft that showers would straight ensue.<br> +He first that useful secret did explain,<br> +That pricking corns foretell the gathering rain;<br> +When swallows fleet soar high and sport in air,<br> +He told us that the welkin would be clear.<br> +<br> +Gay, <i>Pastoral</i>, i. (1714).<br> + +<p>(Cloddipole is the "Palaemon" of Virgil's <i>Ecl.</i> iii.).</p> + +<p><b>Clo'dio</b> <i>(Count)</i>, governor. A dishonorable pursuer of Zeno'cia, +the chaste troth-plight wife of Arnoldo.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The +Custom of the Country</i> (1647).</p> + +<p><i>Clodio</i>, the younger son of Don Antonio, a coxcomb and braggart. Always +boasting of his great acquaintances, his conquests, and his duels. His +snuff-box he thinks more of than his lady-love, he interlards his speech +with French, and exclaims "Split me!" by way of oath. Clodio was to have +married Angelina, but the lady preferred his elder brother, Carlos, a +bookworm, and Clodio engaged himself to Elvira of Lisbon.—C. Cibber, +<i>Love Makes a Man</i> (1694).</p> + +<p><b>Clo'e,</b> in love with the shepherd, Thenot, but Thenot rejects her +suit out of admiration of the constancy of Clorinda for her dead lover. +She is wanton, coarse, and immodest, the very reverse of Clorinda, who +is a virtuous, chaste, and faithful shepherdess. ("Thenot," the final +<i>t</i> is sounded.)—John Fletcher, <i>The Faithful Shepherdess</i> (1610). (See +CHLOE).</p> + +<p><b>Clo'ra,</b> sister of Fabrit'io, the merry soldier, and the sprightly +companion of Frances (sister to Frederick).—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The +Captain</i> (1613).</p> + +<p><b>Clorida'no,</b> a humble Moorish youth, who joined Medo'ro in seeking +the body of King Dardinello to bury it. Medoro being wounded, Cloridano +rushed madly into the ranks of the enemy and was slain.—Ariosto, +<i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Clorin'da,</b> daughter of Sena'pus of Ethiopia (a Christian). Being +born white, her mother changed her for a black child. The Eunuch +Arse'tes (3 <i>syl</i>.) was entrusted with the infant Clorinda, and as he +was going through a forest, saw a tiger, dropped the child, and sought +safety in a tree. The tiger took the babe and suckled it, after which +the eunuch carried the child to Egypt. In the siege of Jerusalem by the +Crusaders, Clorinda was a leader of the Pagan forces. Tancred fell in +love with her, but slew her unknowingly in a night attack. Before she +expired she received Christian baptism at the hands of Tancred, who +greatly mourned her death.—Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>, xii. (1675).</p> + +<p>(The story of Clorinda is borrowed from the <i>Theag'anês and Charicle'a</i> +of Heliodorus Bishop of Trikka).</p> + +<p><i>Clorinda</i>, "the faithful shepherdess" called "The Virgin of the Grove," +faithful to her buried love. From this beautiful character Milton has +drawn his "lady" in <i>Comus</i>. Compare the words of the "First Brother" +about chastity, in Milton's <i>Comus</i>, with these lines of Clorinda:</p> + +Yet I have heard (my mother told it me),<br> +And now I do believe it, if I keep<br> +My virgin flower uncropt, pure, chaste, and fair,<br> +No goblin, wood-god, fairy, elf, or fiend,<br> +Satyr, or other power that haunts the groves<br> +Shall hurt my body, or by vain illusion<br> +Draw me to wander after idle fires,<br> +Or voices calling me in dead of night<br> +To make me follow and so tole me on<br> +Through mire and standing-pools, to find my ruin.<br> +...Sure there's a power<br> +In the great name of Virgin that binds fast<br> +All rude, uncivil bloods.... Then strong Chastity,<br> +Be thou my strongest guard.<br> + +<p>—J. Fletcher,—<i>The Faithful Shepherdess</i> (1610).</p> + +<p><b>Cloris</b>, the damsel beloved by Prince Prettyman.—Duke of +Buckingham, <i>The Rehearsal</i> (1671).</p> + +<p><b>Clotaire</b> (2 <i>syl</i>). The King of France exclaimed on his death-bed: +"Oh, how great must be the King of Heaven, if He can kill so mighty a +monarch as I am!"—<i>Gregory of Tours</i>, iv. 21.</p> + +<p><b>Cloten</b> or <b>Cloton</b>, King of Cornwall, one of the five kings of +Britain after the extinction of the line of Brute (1 <i>syl</i>.).—Geoffrey, +<i>British History</i>, ii. 17 (1142).</p> + +<p><i>Cloten</i>, a vindictive lout, son of the second wife of Cymbeline by a +former husband. He is noted for "his unmeaning frown, his shuffling +gait, his burst of voice, his bustling insignificance, his +fever-and-ague fits of valor, his froward tetchiness, his unprincipled +malice, and occasional gleams of good sense." Cloten is the rejected +lover of Imogen (the daughter of his father-in-law by his first wife), +and is slain in a duel by Guiderius.—Shakespeare, <i>Cymbeline</i> (1605).</p> + +<p><b>Clotha'rius</b> or CLOTHAIRE, leader of the Franks after the death of +Hugo. He is shot with an arrow by Clorinda.—Tasso, <i>Jerusalem +Delivered</i>, xi. (1675).</p> + +<p><i>Cloud (St.)</i>, patron saint of nail-smiths. A play on the French word +<i>clou</i> ("a nail").</p> + +<p><b>Cloudes'ley</b> <i>(William of</i>), a famous north-country archer, the +companion of Adam Bell and Clym of the Clough. Their feats of robbery +were chiefly carried on in Englewood Forest, near Carlisle. William was +taken prisoner at Carlisle, and was about to be hanged, but was rescued +by his two companions. The three then went to London to ask pardon of +the King, which at the Queen's intercession was granted. The King begged +to see specimens of their skill in archery, and was so delighted +therewith, that he made William a "gentleman of fe," and the other two +"yemen of his chambre." The feat of William was very similar to that of +William Tell <i>(q.v.).</i>—Percy, <i>Reliques</i>, I. ii. 1.</p> + +<p><b>Clout</b> <i>(Colin)</i>, a shepherd loved by Marian "the parson's maid," +but for whom Colin (who loved Cicily) felt no affection. (See COLIN +CLOUT).</p> + +Young Colin Clout, a lad of peerless meed,<br> +Full well could dance, and deftly tune the reed;<br> +In every wood his carols sweet were known,<br> +At every wake his nimble feats were shown.<br> + +<p>Gay, <i>Pastoral</i>, ii. (1714).</p> + +<p><i>Clout (Loblin)</i>, a shepherd in love with Blouzelinda. He challenged +Cuddy to a contest of song in praise of their respective sweethearts, +and Cloddipole was appointed umpire. Cloddipole was unable to award the +prize, for each merited "an oaken staff for his pains." "Have done, +however, for the herds are weary of the song, and so am I."—Gay, +<i>Pastoral</i>, i. (1714).</p> + +<p><b>Cloyse</b> <i>(Goody).</i> A pious and exemplary dame, especially +well-versed in the catechism, who, in Goodman Brown's fantasy of the +witches' revel in the forest, joins him on his way thither, and croaks +over the loss of her broomstick, which was "all anointed with the juice +of small-age and cinquefoil and wolf's bane—" "Mingled with fine wheat +and the fat of a new-born babe," says another shape.—Nathaniel +Hawthorne, <i>Mosses from an Old Manse</i> (1854).</p> + +<p><b>Club-Bearer</b> <i>(The)</i>, Periphe'tes, the robber of Ar'golis, who +murdered his victims with an iron club.—<i>Greek Fable</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Clumsey</b> <i>(Sir Tunbelly</i>), father of Miss Hoyden. A mean, +ill-mannered squire and justice of the peace, living near Scarborough. +Most cringing to the aristocracy, whom he toadies and courts. Sir +Tunbelly promises to give his daughter in marriage to Lord Foppington, +but Tom Fashion, his lordship's younger brother, pretends to be Lord +Foppington, gains admission to the family and marries her. When the real +Lord Foppington arrives he is treated as an imposter, but Tom confesses +the ruse. His lordship treats the knight with such ineffable contempt, +that Sir Tunbelly's temper is aroused, and Tom is received into high +favor.—Sheridan, <i>A Trip to Scarborough</i> (1777).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> This character appears in Vanbrugh's <i>Relapse</i>, of which +comedy the <i>Trip to Scarborough</i> is an abridgment and adaptation.</p> + +<p><b>Clu'ricaune</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), an Irish elf of evil disposition, +especially noted for his knowledge of hidden treasure. He generally +assumes the appearance of a wrinkled old man.</p> + +<p><b>Clutterbuck</b> (<i>Captain</i>), the hypothetical editor of some of Sir +Walter Scott's novels, as <i>The Monastery</i> and <i>The Fortunes of Nigel</i>. +Captain Clutterbuck is a retired officer, who employs himself in +antiquarian researches and literary idleness. <i>The Abbot</i> is dedicated +by the "author of <i>Waverley</i>" to "Captain Clutterbuck," late of his +majesty's—infantry regiment.</p> + +<p><b>Clym of the Clough</b> ("<i>Clement of the Cliff</i>"), noted outlaw, +associated with Adam Bell and William of Cloudesley, in Englewood +Forest, near Carlisle. When William was taken prisoner at Carlisle, and +was about to be hanged, Adam and Clym shot the magistrates, and rescued +their companion. The mayor with his <i>posse</i> went out against them, but +they shot the mayor, as they had done the sheriff, and fought their way +out of the town. They then hastened to London to beg pardon of the king, +which was granted them at the queen's intercession. The king, wishing to +see a specimen of their shooting, was so delighted at their skill that +he made William a "gentleman of fe," and the other two "yemen of his +chambre."—Percy, <i>Reliques</i> ("Adam Bell," etc., I. ii. 1).</p> + +<p><b>Cly'tie</b>, a water-nymph in love with Apollo. Meeting with no return, +she was changed into a sunflower, or rather a <i>tournesol</i>, which still +turns to the sun, following him through his daily course.</p> + +<p>The sunflower does not turn to the sun. On the same stem may be seen +flowers in every direction, and not one of them shifts the direction in +which it has first opened. T. Moore (1814) says:</p> + +The sunflower turns on her god when he sets,<br> +The same look which she turned when he rose.<br> + +<p>This may do in poetry, but it is not correct. The sunflower is so called +simply because the flower resembles a pictured sun.</p> + +<p>Lord Thurlow (1821) adopted Tom Moore's error, and enlarged it:</p> + +Behold, my dear, this lofty flower,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That now the golden sun receives;</span><br> +No other deity has power,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But only Phoebus, on her leaves;</span><br> +As he in radiant glory burns,<br> +From east to west her visage turns.<br> + +<p><i>The Sunflower</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Clytus</b>, an old officer in the army of Philip of Macedon, and +subsequently in that of Alexander. At a banquet, when both were heated +with wine, Clytus said to Alexander, "Philip fought men, but Alexander +women," and after some other insults, Alexander in his rage stabbed the +old soldier; but instantly repented and said:</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 6em;">What has my vengeance done?</span><br> +Who is it thou hast slain? Clytus? What was he<br> +The faithfullest subject, worthiest counsellor,<br> +The bravest soldier. He who saved my life<br> +Fighting bare-headed at the river Granic.<br> +For a rash word, spoke in the heat of wine,<br> +The poor, the honest Clytus thou hast slain,—<br> +Clytus, thy friend, thy guardian, thy preserver!<br> + +<p>N. Lee, <i>Alexander the Great</i>, iv. 2 (1678).</p> + +<p><b>Cne'us</b>, the Roman officer in command of the guard set to watch the +tomb of Jesus, lest the disciples should steal the body, and then +declare that it had risen from the dead.—Klopstock, <i>The Messiah</i>, +xiii. (1771). <b>Co'an</b> (<i>The</i>), Hippocrates, the "Father of Medicine" +(B.C. 460-357).</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... the great Coan, him whom Nature made</span><br> +To serve the costliest creature of her tribe [<i>man</i>].<br> + +<p>Dantê, <i>Purgatory</i>, xxix. (1308).</p> + +<p><b>Co'anocot'zin</b> (<i>5 syl</i>.), King of the Az'tecas. Slain in battle by +Madoc.—Southey, <i>Madoc</i> (1805).</p> + +<p><b>Co'atel,</b> daughter of Acul'hua, a priest of the Az'tecas, and wife +of Lincoya. Lincoya, being doomed for sacrifice, fled for refuge to +Madoc, the Welsh Prince, who had recently landed on the North American +coast, and was kindly treated by him. This gave Coatel a sympathetic +interest in the White strangers, and she was not backward in showing it. +Then, when young Hoel was kidnapped, and confined in a cavern to starve +to death, Coatel visited him and took him food. Again, when Prince Madoc +was entrapped, she contrived to release him, and assisted the prince to +carry off young Hoel. After the defeat of the Az'tecas by the White +strangers, the chief priest declared that some one had proved a traitor, +and resolved to discover who it was by handing round a cup, which he +said would be harmless to the innocent, but death to the guilty. When it +was handed to Coatel, she was so frightened that she dropped down dead. +Her father stabbed himself, and "fell upon his child," and when Lincoya +heard thereof, he flung himself down from a steep precipice on to the +rocks below.—Southey, <i>Madoc</i> (1805).</p> + +<p><b>Cobb</b> (<i>Ephraim</i>), in Cromwell's troop.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i> +(time, Commonwealth).</p> + +<p><b>Cobbler-Poet</b> (<i>The</i>), Hans Sachs, of Nuremberg. (See TWELVE WISE +MASTERS).</p> + +<p><b>Cobham</b> (<i>Eleanor</i>), wife of Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, and aunt +of King Henry VI., compelled to do penance barefoot in a sheet in +London, and after that to live in the Isle of Man in banishment, for +"sorcery." In <i>2 Henry VI</i>., Shakespeare makes Queen Margaret "box her +ears," but this could not be, as Eleanor was banished three years before +Margaret came to England.</p> + +Stand forth, dame Eleanor Cobham, Gloster's wife ...<br> +You, madam ... despoiled of your honor ...<br> +Shall, after three days' open penance done,<br> +Live in your country, here in banishment,<br> +With Sir John Stanley, in the Isle of Man.<br> + +<p>Shakespeare, <i>2 Henry VI</i>. act ii. sc. 3 (1591).</p> + +<p><b>Cock of Westminster</b> (<i>The</i>). Castell, a shoemaker, was so called +from his very early hours. He was one of the benefactors of Christ's +Hospital (London).</p> + +<p><b>Cocker</b> (<i>Edward</i>), published a useful treatise on arithmetic, in +the reign of Charles II., which had a prodigious success, and has given +rise to the proverb, "According to Cocker" (1632-1675).</p> + +<p><b>Cockle</b> (<i>Sir John</i>), the miller of Mansfield, and keeper of +Sherwood Forest. Hearing a gun fired one night, he went into the forest, +expecting to find poachers, and seized the king (Henry VIII.), who had +been hunting and had got separated from his courtiers. When the miller +discovered that his captor was not a poacher, he offered him a night's +lodging. Next day the courtiers were brought to Cockle's house by +under-keepers, to be examined as poachers, and it was then discovered +that the miller's guest was the king. The "merry monarch" knighted the +miller, and settled on him 1000 marks a year.—R. Dodsley, <i>The King and +the Miller of Mansfield</i> (1737).</p> + +<p>Cockney (<i>Nicholas</i>), a rich city grocer, brother of Barnacle. Priscilla +Tomboy, of the West Indies, is placed under his charge for her +education.</p> + +<p><i>Walter Cockney</i>, son of the grocer, in the shop. A conceited young +prig, not yet out of the quarrelsome age. He makes boy-love to Priscilla +Tomboy and Miss La Blond; but says he will "tell papa" if they cross +him.</p> + +<p><i>Penelope Cockney</i>, sister of Walter.—<i>The Romp</i> (altered from +Bickerstaff's <i>Love in the City</i>).</p> + +<p>Coelebs' Wife, a bachelor's ideal of a model wife. Coelebs is the hero +of a novel, by Mrs. Hannah Moore, entitled <i>Coelebs in Search of a Wife</i> +(1809).</p> + +In short, she was a walking calculation,<br> +Miss Edgworth's novels stepping from their covers,<br> +Or Mrs. Trimmer's books on education.<br> +Or "Coelebs' wife" set out in quest of lovers.<br> +Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, i. 16 (1819).<br> + +<p><b>Coeur de Lion</b>, Surname of Richard of England (1157-1199.) Also +conferred upon Louis VIII. of France.</p> + +<p><b>Coffin</b> (<i>Long Tom</i>), the best sailor character ever drawn. He is +introduced in <i>The Pilot</i>, a novel by J. Fenimore Cooper. Cooper's novel +has been dramatized by E. Fitzball, under the same name, and Long Tom +Coffin preserves in the burletta his reckless daring, his unswerving +fidelity, his simple-minded affection, and his love for the sea.</p> + +<p><b>Cogia Houssain</b>, the captain of forty thieves, outwitted by +Morgiana, the slave. When, in the guise of a merchant, he was +entertained by Ali Baba, and refused to eat any salt, the suspicions of +Morgiana was aroused, and she soon detected him to be the captain of the +forty thieves. After supper she amused her master and his guest with +dancing; then playing with Cogia's dagger for a time, she plunged it +suddenly into his heart and killed him.—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("Ali Baba or +the Forty Thieves").</p> + +<p><b>Col'ax.</b> Flattery personified in <i>The Purple Island</i> (1633), by +Phineas Fletcher. Colax "all his words with sugar spices ... lets his +tongue to sin, and takes rent of shame ... His art [<i>was</i>] to hide and +not to heal a sore." Fully described in canto viii. (Greek, <i>kolax</i>, +"a flatterer or fawner.")</p> + +<p><b>Colbrand</b> or <b>Colebrond</b> (<i>2 syl</i>.), the Danish giant, slain in +the presence of King Athelstan, by Sir Guy of Warwick, just returned +from a pilgrimage, still "in homely russet clad," and in his hand a +"hermit's staff." The combat is described at length by Drayton, in his +<i>Polyolbion</i>, xii.</p> + +One could scarcely bear his axe ...<br> +Whose squares were laid with plates, and riveted with steel,<br> +And armed down along with pikes, whose hardened points<br> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... had power to tear the joints</span><br> +Of cuirass or of mail.<br> + +<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xii. (1613).</p> + +<p><b>Coldstream</b> (<i>Sir Charles</i>), the chief character in Charles Mathew's +play called <i>Used up</i>. He is wholly <i>ennuyé</i>, sees nothing to admire in +anything; but is a living personification of mental inanity and physical +imbecility.</p> + +<p><b>Cole</b> (<i>1 syl.</i>), a legendary British king, described as "a merry +old soul," fond of his pipe, fond of his glass, and fond of his +"fiddlers three." There were two kings so called—Cole (or Coïl I.) was +the predecessor of Porrex; but Coïl II. was succeeded by Lucius, "the +first British king who embraced the Christian religion." Which of these +two mythical kings the song refers to is not evident.</p> + +<p><i>Cole (Mrs.)</i>. This character is designed for Mother Douglas, who kept a +"gentlemen's magazine of frail beauties" in a superbly furnished house +at the north-east corner of Covent Garden. She died 1761.—S. Foote, +<i>The Minor</i> (1760).</p> + +<p><b>Colein</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>), the great dragon slain by Sir Bevis of +Southampton.—Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, ii. (1612).</p> + +<p><b>Colemi'ra</b> (<i>3 syl.</i>), a poetical name for a cook. The word is +compounded of <i>coal</i> and <i>mire</i>.</p> + +"Could I," he cried "express how bright a grace<br> +Adorns thy morning hands and well-washed face,<br> +Thou wouldst, Colemira, grant what I implore,<br> +And yield me love, or wash thy face no more."<br> +<br> +Shenstone, <i>Colemira</i> (an eclogue).<br> + +<p><b>Cole'pepper</b> (<i>Captain</i>) or CAPTAIN PEPPERCULL, the Alsatian +bully.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Fortunes of Nigel</i> (time, James I.).</p> + +<p><b>Colin</b>, or in Scotch <b>Cailen</b>, <i>Green Colin</i>, the laird of +Dunstaffnage, so called from the green colour which prevailed in his +tartan.</p> + +<p><b>Colin and Rosalinde.</b> In <i>The Shephearde's Calendar</i> (1579), by Edm. +Spenser, Rosalinde is the maiden vainly beloved by Colin Clout, as her +choice was already fixed on the shepherd Menalcas. Rosalinde is an +anagram of "Rose Danil," a lady beloved by Spenser (<i>Colin Clout</i>), but +Rose Danil had already fixed her affections on John Florio the Resolute, +whom she subsequently married.</p> + +And I to thee will be as kind<br> +As Colin was to Rosalinde,<br> +Of courtesie the flower.<br> +<br> +M. Drayton, <i>Dowsabel</i> (1593)<br> + +<p><b>Colin Clout</b>, the pastoral name assumed by the poet Spenser, in <i>The +Shephearde's Calendar, The Ruins of Time, Daphnaida</i>, and in the +pastoral poem called <i>Colin Clout's come home again</i> (from his visit to +Sir Walter Raleigh). Ecl. i. and xii. are soliloquies of Colin, being +lamentations that Rosalinde will not return his love. Ecl. vi. is a +dialogue between Hobbinol and Colin, in which the former tries to +comfort the disappointed lover. Ecl. xi. is a dialogue between Thenot +and Colin, Thenot begs Colin to sing some joyous lay; but Colin pleads +grief for the death of the sheperdess Dido, and then sings a monody on +the great sheperdess deceased. In ecl. vi. we are told that Rosalinde +has betrothed herself to the shepherd Menalcas (1579).</p> + +<p>In the last book of the <i>Faery Queen</i>, we have a reference to "Colin and +his lassie," (Spenser and his wife) supposed to be Elizabeth, and +elsewhere called "Mirabella" See CLOUT, etc.</p> + +<p><i>Colin Clout and his lassie</i>, referred to in the last book of the <i>Faery +Queen</i>, are Spenser and his wife Elizabeth, elsewhere called "Mirabella" +(1596).</p> + +<p><b>Colin Clout's Come Home Again.</b> "Colin Clout" is Spenser, who had +been to London on a visit to "the Shepherd of the Ocean" (Sir Walter +Raleigh), in 1589; on his return to Kilcolman, in Ireland, he wrote this +poem. "Hobbinol," his friend (Gabriel Harvey, L.L.D.), tells him how all +the shepherds had missed him, and begs him to relate to him and them his +adventures while abroad. The pastoral contains a eulogy of British +contemporary poets, and of the court beauties of Queen Elizabeth (1591). +(See COLYN.)</p> + +<p><b>Colin Tampon</b>, the nickname of a Swiss, as John Bull means an +Englishman, etc.</p> + +<p><b>Colkitto</b> (<i>Young</i>), or "Vich Alister More," or "Alister M'Donnell," +a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Legend of +Montrose</i> (time, Charles I.).</p> + +<p><b>Collean</b> (<i>May</i>), the heroine of a Scotch ballad, which relates how +"fause Sir John" carried her to a rock for the purpose of throwing her +down into the sea; but May outwitted him, and subjected him to the same +fate he had designed for her.</p> + +<p><b>Colleen'</b>, <i>i.e.</i> "girl;" Colleen bawn ("the blond girl"); Colleen +rhue ("the red-haired girl"), etc.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Dion Boucicault has a drama entitled <i>The Colleen Bawn</i>, +founded upon Gerald Griffin's novel <i>The Collegians</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Collier</b> <i>(Jem)</i>, a smuggler.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, +George III.)</p> + +<p><b>Collingwood and the Acorns.</b> Collingwood never saw a vacant place in +his estate, but he took an acorn out of his pocket and popped it +in.—Thackeray, <i>Vanity Fair</i> (1848).</p> + +<p><b>Colmal</b>, daughter of Dunthalmo, Lord of Teutha <i>(the Tweed</i>). Her +father, having murdered Rathmor in his halls, brought up the two young +sons of the latter, Calthon and Colmar, in his own house; but when grown +to manhood he thought he detected a suspicious look about them, and he +shut them up in two separate caves on the banks of the Tweed, intending +to kill them. Colmal, who was in love with Calthon, set him free, and +the two made good their escape to the court of Fingal. Fingal sent +Ossian with 300 men to liberate Colmar; but when Dunthalmo heard +thereof, he murdered the prisoner. Calthon, being taken captive, was +bound to an oak, but was liberated by Ossian, and joined in marriage to +Colmal, with whom he lived lovingly in the halls of Teutha.—Ossian, +<i>Calthon and Colmal</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Colmar</b>, brother of Calthon. When quite young their father was +murdered by Dunthalmo, who came against him by night, and killed him in +his banquet hall; but moved by pity, he brought up the two boys in his +own house. When grown to manhood, he thought he observed mischief in +their looks, and therefore shut them up in two separate cells on the +banks of the Tweed. Colmal the daughter of Dunthalmo, who was in love +with Calthon, liberated him from his bonds, and they fled to Fingal to +crave aid on behalf of Colmar; but before succor could arrive, Dunthalmo +had Colmar brought before him, "bound with a thousand thongs," and slew +him with his spear.—Ossian, <i>Calthon and Colmal.</i></p> + +<p><b>Colna-Dona</b> ("<i>love of heroes</i>"), daughter of King Car'ul. Fingal +sent Ossian and Toscar to raise a memorial on the banks of the Crona, to +perpetuate the memory of a victory he had obtained there. Carul invited +the two young men to his hall, and Toscar fell in love with Colna-Dona. +The passion being mutual, the father consented to their +espousals.—Ossian, <i>Colna-Dona.</i></p> + +<p><b>Cologne</b> <i>(The three kings of</i>), the three Magi, called Gaspar, +Melchior, and Baltha'zar. Gaspar means "the white one." Melchior, "king +of light;" Balthazar, "lord of treasures." Klop-stock, in <i>The Messiah</i>, +says there were six Magi, whom he calls Hadad, Sel'ima, Zimri, Mirja, +Beled, and Sunith.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> The "three" Magi are variously named; thus one tradition +gives them as Apellius, Amerus, and Damascus; another calls them +Magalath, Galgalath, and Sarasin; a third says they were Ator, Sator, +and Perat'oras. They are furthermore said to be descendants of Balaam +the Mesopotamian prophet.</p> + +<p><b>Colon</b>, one of the rabble leaders in <i>Hudibras</i>, is meant for Noel +Perryan or Ned Perry, an ostler. He was a rigid puritan "of low morals," +and very fond of bear-baiting.</p> + +<p><b>Colonna</b> (<i>The Marquis of</i>), a high-minded, incorruptible noble of +Naples. He tells the young king bluntly that his oily courtiers are +vipers who would suck his life's blood, and that Ludovico, his chief +minister and favorite, is a traitor. Of course he is not believed, and +Ludovico marks him out for vengeance. His scheme is to get Colonna, of +his own free will, to murder his sister's lover and the king. With this +view he artfully persuades Vicentio, the lover, that Evadnê (the sister +of Colonna) is the king's wanton. Vicentio indignantly discards Evadnê, +is challanged to fight by Colonna, and is supposed to be killed. +Colonna, to revenge his wrongs on the king, invites him to a banquet +with intent to murder him, when the whole scheme of villainy is exposed: +Ludovico is slain, and Vicentio marries Evadnê.—Shiel, <i>Evadne, or the +Statue</i> (1820).</p> + +<p><b>Colossos</b> (Latin, <i>colossus</i>), a gigantic brazen statue 126 feet +high, executed by Charles for the Rhodians. Blaise de Vignenère says it +was a striding figure, but Comte de Caylus proves that it was not so, +and did not even stand at the mouth of the Rhodian port. Philo tells us +that it <i>stood</i> on a <i>block of white marble</i>, and Lucius Ampellius +asserts that it <i>stood in a car</i>. Tiekell makes out the statue to be +so enormous in size, that—</p> + +While at one foot the thronging galleys ride,<br> +A whole hour's sail scarce reached the further side;<br> +Betwixt the brazen thighs in loose array,<br> +Ten thousand streamers on the billows play,<br> + +<p>Tickell, <i>On the Prospect of Peace</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Colossus.</b> Negro servant in G.W. Cable's "Posson Jone." He vainly +tries to dissuade his master from drinking, and, in the end, restores to +him the money lost during the drunken bout.</p> + +"In thundering tones" the parson was confessing<br> +himself a "plum fool from whom the conceit<br> +had been jolted out, and who had been made<br> +to see that even his nigger had the longest<br> +head of the two."<br> + +<p><b>Col'thred</b> (<i>Benjamin</i>) or "Little Benjie," a spy employed by Nixon +(Edward Redgauntlet's agent).—Sir. W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, +George III.)</p> + +<p><b>Columb</b> (<i>St.</i>) or <i>St. Columba</i>, was of the family of the kings of +Ulster; and with twelve followers founded amongst the Picts and Scots +300 Christian establishments of presbyterian character; that in Iona was +founded 563.</p> + +The Pictish men by St. Columb taught.<br> + +<p>Campbell, <i>Rewllura</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Columbus</b> (<i>Christopher</i>), Genoese navigator who was fitted out by +Ferdinand and Isabella for a voyage of discovery resulting in the sight +of the New World (1492). His ships were the <i>Santa Maria</i>, the <i>Pinta</i> +and the <i>Nina</i>, all small.—Washington Irving, <i>Life of Columbus</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Colyn Clout</b> (<i>The Boke of</i>), a rhyming six-syllable tirade against +the clergy, by John Skelton, poet-laureate (1460-1529).</p> + +<p><b>Comal and Galbi'na.</b> Comal was the son of Albion, "chief of a +hundred hills." He loved Galbi'na (daughter of Conlech), who was beloved +by Grumal also. One day; tired out by the chase, Comal and Galbina +rested in the cave of Roman; but ere long a deer appeared, and Comal +went forth to shoot it. During his absence, Galbina dressed herself in +armor "to try his love," and "strode from the cave." Comal thought it +was Grumal, let fly an arrow, and she fell. The chief too late +discovered his mistake, rushed to battle, and was slain.—Ossian, +<i>Fingal</i>, ii.</p> + +<p><b>Com'ala,</b> daughter of Sarno, king of Inistore (<i>the Orkneys</i>). She +fell in love with Fingal at a feast to which Sarno had invited him after +his return from Denmark or Lochlin (<i>Fingal</i>, iii.). Disguised as a +youth, Comala followed him, and begged to be employed in his wars; but +was detected by Hidallan, son of Lamor, whose love she had slighted. +Fingal was about to marry her when he was called to oppose Caracul, who +had invaded Caledonia. Comala witnessed the battle from a hill, thought +she saw Fingal slain, and though he returned victorious, the shock on +her nerves was so great that she died.—Ossian, <i>Comala</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Coman'ches</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), an Indian tribe of the Texas. (See +CAMANCHES.)</p> + +<p><b>Comb</b> (<i>Reynard's Wonderful</i>), said to be made of Pan'thera's bone, +the perfume of which was so fragrant that no one could resist following +it; and the wearer of the comb was always of a merry heart. This comb +existed only in the brain of Master Fox.—<i>Reynard the Fox</i>, xii. +(1498).</p> + +<p><b>Co'me</b> (<i>St</i>.), (see Cosme,) a physician, and patron saint of +medical practitioners.</p> + +<p>"By St. Come!" said the surgeon, "here's a pretty adventure."—Lesage, +(<i>Gil Blas</i>, vii. 1 1735).</p> + +<p><b>Come and Take Them.</b> The reply of Leon'idas, king of Sparta, to the +messengers of Xerxes, when commanded by the invader to deliver up his +arms.</p> + +<p><b>Com'edy</b> (<i>The Father of</i>), Aristoph'anês the Athenian (B.C. +444-380).</p> + +<p><i>Comedy (Prince of Ancient)</i>, Aristoph'anês (B.C. 444-380).</p> + +<p><i>Comedy (Prince of New)</i>, Menander (B.C. 342-291).</p> + +<p><b>Comedy of Errors,</b> by Shakespeare (1593), Aemilia, wife of Ægeon, +had two sons at a birth, and named both of them Antipholus. When grown +to manhood, each of these sons had a slave named Dromio, also +twin-brothers. The brothers Antipholus had been shipwrecked in infancy, +and being picked up by different vessels, were carried one to Syracuse +and the other to Ephesus. The play supposes that Antipholus of Syracuse +goes in search of his brother, and coming to Ephesus with his slave, +Dromio, a series of mistakes arises from the extraordinary likeness of +the two brothers and their two slaves. Adriana, the wife of the +Ephesian, mistakes the Syracusan for her husband; but he behaves so +strangely that her jealousy is aroused, and when her true husband +arrives he is arrested as a mad man. Soon after, the Syracusan brother +being seen, the wife, supposing it to be her mad husband broken loose, +sends to capture him; but he flees into a convent. Adriana now lays her +complaint before the duke, and the lady abbess comes into court. So both +brothers face each other, the mistakes are explained, and the abbess +turns out to be Aemilia, the mother of the twin brothers. Now, it so +happened that Ægeon, searching for his son, also came to Ephesus, and +was condemned to pay a fine or suffer death, because he, a Syracusan, +had set foot in Ephesus. The duke, however, hearing the story, pardoned +him. Thus Ægeon found his wife in the abbess, the parents their twin +sons, and each son his long-lost brother.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">The plot of this comedy is copied from the <i>Menaechmí</i> of Plautus.</p> + +<p><b>Comhal</b> or <b>Combal,</b> son of Trathal, and father of Fingal. His +queen was Morna, daughter of Thaddu. Comhal was slain in battle, +fighting against the tribe of Morni, the very day that Fingal was +born.—Ossian.</p> + +Fingal said to Aldo, "I was born in the battle."<br> + +<p>Ossian, <i>The Battle of Lora</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Comines</b> [<i>Cum'.in</i>]. Philip des Comines, the favorite minister of +Charles, "the Bold," Duke of Burgundy, is introduced by Sir W. Scott, in +<i>Quentin Durward</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Commander of the Faithful</b> (<i>Emir al Mumenin</i>), a title assumed by +Omar I., and retained by his successors in the caliphate (581, 634-644).</p> + +<p><b>Comminges</b> (<i>2 syl</i>.) (<i>Count de</i>), the hero of a novel so-called by +Mde. de Tencin (1681-1749).</p> + +<p><b>Committee</b> (<i>The</i>), a comedy by the Hon. Sir R. Howard. Mr. Day, a +Cromwellite, is the head of a Committee of Sequestration, and is a +dishonest, canting rascal, under the thumb of his wife. He gets into his +hands the deeds of two heiresses, Anne and Arbella. The former he calls +Ruth, and passes her off as his own daughter; the latter he wants to +marry to his booby son Able. Ruth falls in love with Colonel Careless, +and Arbella with colonel Blunt. Ruth contrives to get into her hands the +deeds, which she delivers over to the two colonels, and when Mr. Day +arrives, quiets him by reminding him that she knows of certain deeds +which would prove his ruin if divulged (1670).</p> + +<p>T. Knight reproduced this comedy as a farce under the title of <i>The +Honest Thieves</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Common</b> (<i>Dol</i>), an ally of Subtle the alchemist.—Ben Jonson, <i>The +Alchemist</i> (1610).</p> + +<p><b>Commoner</b> (<i>The Great</i>), Sir John Barnard, who in 1737 proposed to +reduce the interest of the national debt from 4 per cent. to 3 per +cent., any creditor being at liberty to receive his principal in full if +he preferred it. William Pitt, the statesman, is so called also +(1759-1806).</p> + +<p><b>Comne'nus</b> (<i>Alexius</i>), emperor of Greece, introduced by Sir. W. +Scott in <i>Count Robert of Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p> + +<p><i>Anna Comne'na</i> the historian, daughter of Alexius Comnenus, emperor +of Greece.—Same novel.</p> + +<p><b>Compeyson</b>, a would-be gentleman and a forger. He duped Abel +Magwitch and ruined him, keeping him completely under his influence. He +also jilted Miss Havisham.—C. Dickens, <i>Great Expectations</i> (1860).</p> + +<p><b>Com'rade</b> (<i>2 syl</i>.), the horse given by a fairy to Fortunio.</p> + +He has many rare qualities ... first he eats<br> +but once in eight days; and then he knows<br> +what's past, present, and to come [and speaks<br> +with the voice of a man].—Comtesse DAunoy,<br> +<i>Fairy Tales</i> ("Fortunio." 1682).<br> + +<p><b>Comus</b>, the god of revelry. In Milton's "masque" so called, the +"lady" is lady Alice Egerton, the younger brother is Mr. Thomas Egerton, +and the elder brother is Lord Viscount Brackley (eldest son of John, +earl of Bridgewater, president of Wales). The lady, weary with long +walking, is left in a wood by her two brothers, while they go to gather +"cooling fruit" for her. She sings to let them know her whereabouts, and +Comus, coming up, promises to conduct her to a cottage till her brothers +could be found. The brothers, hearing a noise of revelry, become alarmed +about their sister, when her guardian spirit informs them that she has +fallen into the hands of Comus. They run to her rescue, and arrive just +as the god is offering his captive a potion; the brothers seize the cup +and dash it on the ground, while the spirit invokes Sabri'na, who breaks +the spell and releases the lady (1634).</p> + +<p><b>Conach'ar,</b> the Highland apprentice of Simon Glover, the old glover +of Perth. Conachar is in love with his master's daughter, Catharine, +called "the fair maid of Perth;" but Catharine loves and ultimately +marries Henry Smith, the armorer. Conachar is at a later period Ian +Eachin [<i>Hector</i>] M'Ian, chief of the clan Quhele.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair +Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Conar,</b> son of Trenmor, and first "king of Ireland." When the +Fir-bolg (or belgae from Britain settled in the <i>south</i> of Ireland) had +reduced the Cael (or colony of Caledonians settled in the <i>north</i> of +Ireland) to the last extremity by war, the Cael sent to Scotland for +aid. Trathel (grandfather of Fingal) accordingly sent over Conar with an +army to their aid; and Conar, having reduced the Fir-bolg to submission, +assumed the title of "king of Ireland." Conar was succeeded by his son +Cormac I.; Cormac I. by his son Cairbre; Cairbre by his son Artho; Artho +by his son Cormac II. (a minor); and Cormac (after a slight interregnum) +by Ferad-Artho (restored by Fingal).—Ossian.</p> + +<p><b>Concord Hymn</b>, by Ralph Waldo Emerson, and beginning:</p> + +"By the rude bridge that arched the flood,<br> +Their flag to April's breeze unfurled,<br> +Here once the embattled farmers stood<br> +And fired the shot heard round the world."<br> + +<p>was sung on the Anniversary of the Battle of Concord, April 19, 1836.</p> + +<p><b>Conkey Chickweed</b>, the man who robbed himself of 327 guineas, in +order to make his fortune by exciting the sympathy of his neighbors and +others. The tale is told by detective Blathers.—C. Dickens, <i>Oliver +Twist</i> (1837).</p> + +<p><b>Con'lath,</b> youngest son of Morni, and brother of the famous Gaul (<i>a +man's name</i>). Coiilath was betrothed to Cutho'na, daughter of Ruma, but +before the espousals Toscar came from Ireland to Mora, and was +hospitably received by Morni. Seeing Cuthona out hunting, Toscar carried +her off in his skiff by force, and being overtaken by Conlath they both +fell in fight. Three days afterwards Cuthona died of grief.—Ossian, +<i>Conlath and Cuthona</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Connal</b>, son of Colgar, petty king of Togorma, and intimate friend +of Cuthullin, general of the Irish tribes. He is a kind of Ulysses, who +counsels and comforts Cuthullin in his distress, and is the very +opposite of the rash, presumptuous, though generous Calmar.—Ossian, +<i>Fingal</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Con'nel</b> (<i>Father</i>), an aged Catholic priest full of gentle +affectionate feelings. He is the patron of a poor vagrant boy called +Neddy Fennel, whose adventures furnished the incidents of Banim's novel +called <i>Father Connell</i> (1842).</p> + +<i>Father Connell</i> is not unworthy of association<br> +with the Protestant <i>Vicar of Wakefield</i>.—R.<br> +Chambers, <i>English Literature</i>, ii. 612.<br> + +<p><b>Coningsby</b>, a novel by B. Disraeli. The characters are meant for +portraits; thus: "Croker" represents Rigby; "Menmouth," Lord Hertford; +"Eskdale," Lowther; "Ormsby," Irving; "Lucretia," Mde. Zichy; "Countess +Colonna," Lady Strachan; "Sidonia," Baron A. de Rothschild; "Henry +Sidney," Lord John Manners; "Belvoir," Duke of Rutland, second son of +Beaumanoir. The hero is of noble birth, he loves Edith Millbank, the +daughter of a wealthy manufacturer, is returned for Parliament and +marries Edith.</p> + +<p><b>Conqueror</b> (<i>The</i>). Alexander the Great, <i>The Conqueror of the +World</i> (B.C. 356, 336-323), Alfonso of Portugal (1094, 1137-1185). +Aurungzebe the Great, called <i>Alemgir</i> (1618, 1659-4707), James of +Aragon (1206, 1213-1276). Othman or Osman I., founder of the Turkish +Empire (1259, 1299-1326). Francisco Pizarro, called <i>Conquistador</i>, +because he conquered Peru (1475-1541). William, duke of Normandy, who +obtained England by conquest (1027,1066-1137).</p> + +<p><b>Con'rad</b> (<i>Lord</i>), the corsair, afterwards called Lara. A proud, +ascetic but successful pirate. Hearing that the Sultan, Seyd [Seed], was +about to attack the pirates, he entered the palace in the disguise of a +dervise, but being found out was seized and imprisoned. He was released +by Gulnare (<i>2 syl</i>.), the sultan's favorite concubine, and fled with +her to the Pirates' Isle, but finding Medo'ra dead, he left the island +with Gulnare, returned to his native land, headed a rebellion, and was +shot.—Lord Byron, <i>The Corsair</i>, continued in <i>Lara</i> (1814). <b>Conrad +Dryfoos,</b> the son of a rich man, the backer and virtual proprietor of +<i>Every Other Week</i>, in W. D. Howells's novel, <i>A Hazard of New +Fortunes</i>.</p> + +"He's got a good head and he wanted to study<br> +for the ministry when they were all living together<br> +out on the farm ... You know they used<br> +to think that any sort of stuff was good enough<br> +to make a preacher out of; but they wanted the<br> +good timber for business, and so the old man<br> +wouldn't let him."<br> + +<p>Foiled in this purpose, Conrad becomes a reformer and receives a mortal +wound in the attempt to protect an old Socialist against the police, who +are trying to quell a mob of strikers (1890).</p> + +<p><b>Con'rade</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>), a follower of Don John (bastard brother of Don +Pedro, Prince of Aragon).—Shakespeare, <i>Much Ado About Nothing</i> (1600).</p> + +<p><i>Conrade</i> (<i>2 syl.</i>), Marquis of Montserrat, who, with the grand-master +of the Templars, conspired against Richard Coeur de Lion. He was +unhorsed in combat, and murdered in his tent by the Templar.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>The Talisman</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Constance</b>, mother of Prince Arthur, and widow of Geoffrey +Plantagenet.—Shakespeare, <i>King John</i> (1598).</p> + +Mrs. Bartley's "Lady Macbeth," "Constance,"<br> +and "Queen Katherine" [<i>Henry VIII.</i>], were<br> +powerful embodiments, and I question if they<br> +have ever since been so finely portrayed (1785-1850).—J.<br> +Adolphus, <i>Recollections</i>.<br> + +<p><i>Constance</i>, daughter of Sir William Fondlove, and courted by Wildrake, +a country squire, fond of field sports. "Her beauty rich, richer her +grace, her mind yet richer still, though richest all." She was "the +mould express of woman, stature, feature, body, limb;" she danced well, +sang well, harped well. Wildrake was her childhood's playmate, and +became her husband.—S. Knowles, <i>The Love Chase</i> (1837).</p> + +<p><i>Constance</i>, daughter of Bertulphe, provost of Bruges, and bride of +Bouchard, a knight of Flanders. She had "beauty to shame young love's +most fervent dream, virtue to form a saint, with just enough of earth to +keep her woman." By an absurd law of Charles "the Good," earl of +Flanders, made in 1127, this young lady, brought up in the lap of +luxury, was reduced to serfdom, because her grandfather was a serf; her +aristocratic husband was also a serf because he married her (a serf). +She went mad at the reverse of fortune, and died.—S. Knowles, <i>The +Provost of Bruges</i> (1836).</p> + +<p><i>Constance Varley</i>. American girl traveling in the East with friends, +and bearing with her everywhere the memory of a man she has loved for +years in secret. She meets him at Damascus and after some days of +pleasant companionship, he resolves to offer his hand to her. The words +are upon his tongue, when an unfortunate misunderstanding divides them +forever. A year later she marries another man who loves her sincerely +without appreciating the finest part of her nature.</p> + +<p>A woman quotes at sight of Constance's portrait:</p> + +"I discern<br> +Infinite passion and the pain<br> +Of finite hearts that yearn."<br> +<br> +"There was a singular suggestion of sadness<br> +about the grave sweet eyes, and on the small<br> +close mouth."—Julia C. Fletcher, <i>Mirage</i><br> +(1882).<br> + +<p><b>Constans</b>, a mythical king of Britain. He was the eldest of the +three sons of Constantine, his two brothers being Aurelius Ambrosius and +Uther Pendragon. Constans was a monk, but at the death of his father he +laid aside the cowl for the crown. Vortigern caused him to be +assassinated, and usurped the crown. Aurelius Ambrosius succeeded +Vortigern, and was himself succeeded by his younger brother, Uther +Pendragon, father of King Arthur. Hence it will appear that Constans was +Arthur's uncle.</p> + +<p><b>Constant</b> (<i>Ned</i>), the former lover of Lady Brute, with whom she +intrigued after her marriage with the surly knight.—Vanbrugh, <i>The +Provoked Wife</i> (1697).</p> + +<p><i>Constant</i> (<i>Sir Bashful</i>), a younger brother of middle life, who +tumbles into an estate and title by the death of his elder brother. He +marries a woman of quality, but finding; it <i>comme il faut</i> not to let +his love be known, treats her with indifference and politeness, and +though he dotes on her, tries to make her believe he loves her not. He +is very soft, carried away by the opinions of others, and is an example +of the truth of what Dr. Young has said, "What is mere good nature but a +fool?"</p> + +<p><i>Lady Constant</i>, wife of Sir Bashful, a woman of spirit, taste, sense, +wit, and beauty. She loves her husband, and repels with scorn an attempt +to shake her fidelity because he treats her with cold indifference.—A. +Murphy, <i>The Way to Keep Him</i> (1760).</p> + +<p><b>Constan'tia,</b> sister of Petruccio, governor of Bologna, and mistress +of the duke of Ferrara.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Chances</i> (1620).</p> + +<p><i>Constantia</i>, a <i>protégée</i> of Lady McSycophant. An amiable girl, in love +with Egerton McSycophant, by whom her love is amply returned.—C. +Macklin, <i>The Man of the World</i> (1764).</p> + +<p><b>Con'stantine</b> (<i>3 syl.</i>), a king of Scotland, who (in 937) joined +Anlaf (a Danish king) against Athelstan. The allied kings were defeated +at Brunanburh, in Northumberland, and Constantine was made prisoner.</p> + +Our English Athelstan ...<br> +Made all the Isle his own,<br> +And Constantine, the king a prisoner hither brought.<br> +<br> +Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xii. 3 (1613).<br> + +<p><b>Constantinople</b> (<i>Little</i>), Kertch was so called by the Genoese from +its extent and its prosperity. Demosthenês calls it "the granary of +Athens."</p> + +<p><b>Consuelo</b> (<i>4 syl.</i>), the impersonation of moral purity in the midst +of temptations. Consuelo is the heroine of a novel so called by George +Sand (i.e. Mde. Dudevant).</p> + +<p><b>Contemporaneous Discoveries.</b> Goethe and Vicq d'Azyrs discovered at +the same time the intermaxillary bone. Goethe and Von Baer discovered at +the same time Morphology. Goethe and Oken discovered at the same time +the vertebral system. <i>The Penny Cyclopaedia</i> and <i>Chambers's Journal</i> +were started nearly at the same time. The invention of printing is +claimed by several contemporaries. The processes called Talbotype and +Daguerreotype were nearly simultaneous discoveries. Leverrier and Adams +discovered at the same time the planet Neptune.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">This list may be extended to a very great length.</p> + +<p><b>Contented Man</b> (<i>The</i>). Subject of a +poem by Rev. John Adams in 1745</p> + +No want contracts the largeness of his thoughts,<br> +And nothing grieves him but his conscious faults,<br> +He makes his GOD his everlasting tower<br> +And in His firm munition stands secure.<br> + +<p><b>Contest</b> <i>(Sir Adam</i>). Having lost his first wife by shipwreck, he +married again after the lapse of some twelve or fourteen years. His +second wife was a girl of 18, to whom he held up his first wife as a +pattern and the very paragon of women. On the wedding day this first +wife made her appearance. She had been saved from the wreck; but Sir +Adam wished her in heaven most sincerely.</p> + +<p><i>Lady Contest</i>, the bride of Sir Adam, "young, extremely lively, and +prodigiously beautiful." She had been brought up in the country, and +treated as a child, so her <i>naïveté</i> was quite captivating. When she +quitted the bride-groom's house, she said, "Good-by, Sir Adam, good-by. +I did love you a little, upon my word, and should be really unhappy if I +did not know that your happiness will be infinitely greater with your +first wife."</p> + +<p><i>Mr. Contest</i>, the grown-up son of Sir Adam, by his first wife.—Mrs. +Inchbald, <i>The Wedding Day</i> (1790).</p> + +<p><b>Continence.</b></p> + +<p>ALEXANDER THE GREAT having gained the battle of Issus (B.C. 333), the +family of King Darius fell into his hands; but he treated the ladies as +queens, and observed the greatest decorum towards them. A eunuch, having +escaped, told Darius that his wife remained unspotted, for Alexander had +shown himself the most continent and generous of men.—Arrian, <i>Anabasis +of Alexander</i>, iv. 20.</p> + +<p>SCIPIO AFRICANUS, after the conquest of Spain, refused to touch a +beautiful princess who had fallen into his hands, "lest he should be +tempted to forget his principles." It is, moreover, said that he sent +her back to her parents with presents, that she might marry the man to +whom she was betrothed. A silver shield, on which this incident was +depicted, was found in the river Rhone by some fishermen in the +seventeenth century.</p> + +E'en Scipio, or a victor yet more cold,<br> +Might have forgot his virtue at her sight.<br> +<br> +N. Rowe, <i>Tamerlane</i>, iii. 3 (1702.)<br> + +<p>ANSON, when he took the <i>Senhora Theresa de Jesus</i>, refused even to see +the three Spanish ladies who formed part of the prize, because he was +resolved to prevent private scandal. The three ladies consisted of a +mother and her two daughters, the younger of whom was "of surpassing +beauty."</p> + +<p><b>Conven'tual Friars</b> are those who live in <i>convents</i>, contrary to +the rule of St. Francis, who enjoined absolute poverty, without land, +books, chapel, or house. Those who conform to the rule of the founder +are called "Observant Friars."</p> + +<p><b>Conversation Sharp,</b> Richard Sharp, the critic (1759-1835.)</p> + +<p><b>Cook who Killed Himself</b> (<i>The</i>). Vatel killed himself in 1671, +because the lobster for his turbot sauce did not arrive in time to be +served up at the banquet at Chantilly, given by the Prince de Condé to +the king.</p> + +<p><b>Cooks of Modern Times.</b> Carême, called "The Regenerator of Cookery" +(1784-1833). Charles Elmé Francatelli, cook at Crockford's, then in the +Royal Household, and lastly at the Reform Club (1805-1876). Ude, Gouffé, +and Alexis Soyer, the last of whom died in 1858.</p> + +<p><b>Cookery</b> (<i>Regenerator of</i>), Carême (1784-1833.)</p> + +<p>(Ude, Gouffé, and Soyer were also regenerators of this art).</p> + +<p><b>Cooper</b> (<i>Anthony Ashly</i>,) earl of Shaftesbury, introduced by Sir W. +Scott in <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.)</p> + +<p><b>Cophet'ua</b> or <b>Copet'hua</b>, a mythical king of Africa, of great +wealth, who fell in love with a beggar-girl, and married her. Her name +was Penel'ophon, but Shakespeare writes it Zenel'ophon in <i>Love's +Labour's Lost</i>, act iv. sc. 1. Tennyson has versified the tale in <i>The +Beggar-Maid.</i>—Percy, <i>Reliques</i>, I. ii. 6.</p> + +<p><b>Copley</b> (<i>Sir Thomas</i>), in attendance on the earl of Leicester at +Woodstock.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Kenilworth</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><b>Copper Captain</b> (<i>A</i>), Michael Perez, a captain without money, but +with a plentiful stock of pretence, who seeks to make a market of his +person and commission by marrying an heiress. He is caught in his own +trap, for he marries Estifania, a woman of intrigue, fancying her to be +the heiress Margaritta. The captain gives the lady "pearls," but they +are only whitings' eyes. His wife says to him:</p> + +Here's a goodly jewel..<br> +Did you not win this at Goletta, captain?..<br> +See how it sparkles, like an old lady's eyes..<br> +And here's a chain of whitings' eyes for pearls..<br> +Your clothes are parallels to these, all counterfeits.<br> +Put these and them on you're a man of copper,<br> +A copper,... copper captain.<br> +<br> +Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>Rule a Wife and<br> +Have a Wife</i> (1640).<br> + +<p><b>Copperfleld</b> (<i>David</i>), the hero of a novel by Charles Dickens. +David is Dickens himself, and Micawber is Dickens's father. According to +the tale, David's mother was nursery governess in a family where Mr. +Copperfield visited. At the death of Mr. Copperfield, the widow married +Edward Murdstone, a hard, tyrannical man, who made the home of David a +dread and terror to the boy. When his mother died, Murdstone sent David +to lodge with the Micawbers, and bound him apprentice to Messrs. +Murdstone and Grinby, by whom he was put into the warehouse, and set to +paste labels upon wine and spirit bottles. David soon became tired of +this dreary work, and ran away to Dover, where he was kindly received by +his [great]-aunt Betsey Trotwood, who clothed him, and sent him as +day-boy to Dr. Strong, but placed him to board with Mr. Wickfield, a +lawyer, father of Agnes, between whom and David a mutual attachment +sprang up. David's first wife was Dora Spenlow, but at the death of this +pretty little "child-wife," he married Agnes Wickfield.—C. Dickens, +<i>David Copperfield</i> (1849).</p> + +<p><b>Copperheads</b>, members of a faction in the North, during the civil +war in the United States. The copperhead is a poisonous serpent, that +gives no warning of its approach, and hence is a type of a concealed or +secret foe. (<i>The Trigonecephalus contortrix</i>.)</p> + +<p><b>Coppernose</b> (<i>3 syl</i>.). Henry VIII. was so called, because he mixed +so much copper with the silver coin that it showed after a little wear +in the parts most pronounced, as the nose. Hence the sobriquets +"Coppernosed Harry," "Old Copper-nose," etc.</p> + +<p><b>Copple</b>, the hen killed by Reynard, in the beast-epic called +<i>Reynard the Fox</i> (1498).</p> + +<p><b>Cora</b>, the gentle, loving wife of Alonzo, and the kind friend of +Rolla, general of the Peruvian army.—Sheridan, <i>Pizarro</i> (altered from +Kotzebue, 1799).</p> + +<p><b>Cora Munro</b>, the daughter of an English officer and the elder of the +sisters whose adventures fill Cooper's <i>Last of the Mohicans.</i> Cora +loves Heyward the as yet undeclared lover of Alice, and has, herself, +attracted the covetous eye of Magua, an Indian warrior. He contrives to +gain possession of her, and drawing his knife, gives her the choice +between death and his wigwam.</p> + +Cora neither heard nor heeded his demand ... Once<br> +more he struggled with himself and lifted<br> +the keen weapon again—but just then a piercing<br> +cry was heard above them, and Uncas<br> +appeared, leaping frantically from a fearful<br> +height upon the ledge. Magua recoiled a step,<br> +and one of his assistants, profiting by the chance,<br> +sheathed his own knife in the bosom of Cora.<br> +(1826).<br> + +<p><b>Co'rah,</b> in Dryden's satire of <i>Absalom and Architophel</i>, is meant +for Dr. Titus Oates. As Corah was the political calumniator of Moses and +Aaron, so Titus Oates was the political calumniator of the pope and +English papists. As Corah was punished by "going down alive into the +pit," so Oates was "condemned to imprisonment for life," after being +publicly whipped and exposed in the pillory. North describes Titus Oates +as a very short man, and says, if his mouth were taken for the centre of +a circle, his chin, forehead, and cheekbones would fall in the +circumference.</p> + +Sunk were his eyes, his voice was harsh and loud,<br> +Sure signs he neither choleric was, nor proud;<br> +His long chin proved his wit; his saint-like grace,<br> +A Church vermilion, and a Moses' face;<br> +His memory miraculously great<br> +Could plots, exceeding man's belief, repeat.<br> +<br> +Dryden, <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, i. (1631).<br> + +<p><b>Corbac'cio</b> <i>(Signior)</i>, the dupe of Mosca +the knavish confederate of Vol'pone (<i>2 +syl</i>.). He is an old man, with seeing and +hearing faint, and understanding dulled +to childishness, yet he wishes to live on, +and</p> + +Feels not his gout nor palsy; feigns himself<br> +Younger by scores of years; flatters his age<br> +With confident belying it; hopes he may<br> +With charms, like Aeson, have his youth restored.<br> +<br> +Ben Jonson, <i>Volpone or the Fox</i> (1605).<br> +<br> + +<p>Benjamin Johnson [1665-1742] ... seemed +to be proud to wear the poet's double name, and +was particularly great in all that author's plays +that were usually performed, viz "Wasp," in +<i>Bartholomew Fair</i>; "Corbaccio;" "Morose," in +<i>The Silent Woman</i>; and "Ananias," in <i>The Alchemist</i>.—Chetwood.</p> +<br> + +<p>C. Dibdin says none who ever saw W. Parsons (1736-1795) in "Corbaccio" +could forget his effective mode of exclaiming "Has he made his will? +What has he given me!" but Parsons himself says: "Ah! to see 'Corbaccio' +acted to perfection, you should have seen Shuter. The public are pleased +to think that I act that part well, but his acting was as far superior +to mine as Mount Vesuvius is to a rushlight."</p> + +<p><b>Cor'bant,</b> the rook, in the beast-epic of <i>Reynard the Fox</i> (1498). +(French, <i>corbeau</i>, "a rook.")</p> + +<p><b>Corce'ca</b> <i>(3 syl</i>.), mother of Abessa. The word means "blindness of +heart," or Romanism. Una sought shelter under her hut, but Corceca shut +the door against her; whereupon the lion which accompanied Una broke +down the door. The "lion" means <i>England</i>, "Corceca" <i>popery</i>, "Una" +<i>protestantism</i>, and "breaking down the door" <i>the +Reformation</i>.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, i. 3 (1590).</p> + +<p><b>Corday</b> (<i>Marie Anne Charlotte</i>), descendant of the poet Corneille. +Born in Normandy 1768. She killed the bloody Marat in the bath and was +guillotined for the deed, July, 1793.</p> + +<p><b>Corde'lia</b>, youngest daughter of King Lear. She was disinherited by +her royal father, because her protestations of love were less violent +than those of her sisters. Cordelia married the king of France, and when +her two elder sisters refused to entertain the old king with his suite, +she brought an army over to dethrone them. She was, however, taken +captive, thrown into prison, and died there.</p> + +Her voice was ever soft,<br> +Gentle, and low; an excellent thing in woman.<br> +<br> +Shakespeare, <i>King Lear</i>, act v. sc. 3 (1605).<br> + +<p><b>Corflam'bo</b>, the personification of sensuality, a giant killed by +Arthur. Corflambo had a daughter named Paea'na, who married Placidas, +and proved a good wife to him.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iv. 8 (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Coriat</b> (<i>Thomas</i>) died 1617, author of a book called <i>Crudities</i>.</p> + +Besides, 'tis known he could speak Greek,<br> +As naturally as pigs do squeak.<br> +<br> +Lionel Cranfield, <i>Panegyric Verses on T. Coriat</i><br> + +But if the meaning was as far to seek<br> +As Coriat's horse was of his master's Greek,<br> +When in that tongue he made a speech at length,<br> +To show the beast the greatness of his strength.<br> +<br> +G. Wither, <i>Abuses Stript and Whipt</i> (1613).<br> + +<p><b>Corey</b> (<i>Bromfield</i>). An amiable Boston aristocrat in W. D. +Howells's story, <i>The Rise of Silas Lapham</i>. His father complains of his +want of energy and artistic tastes, but allows him "to travel +indefinitely." He remains abroad ten years studying art, comes home and +paints an amateurish portrait of his father, marries and has a family, +but continues a dilettante, never quite abandoning his art, but working +at it fitfully. He does nothing especially clever, but never says +anything that is not clever, and is as much admired as he is beloved. At +heart he is true, however cynical may be his words, and throughout he is +the <i>gentleman</i> in grain, and incorruptible (1885).</p> + +<p><b>Corin</b>, "the faithful shepherdess," who, having lost her true love +by death, retired from the busy world, remained a virgin for the rest of +her life, and was called "The Virgin of the Grove." The shepherd Thenot +(final <i>t</i> pronounced) fell in love with her for her "fidelity," and to +cure him of his attachment she pretended to love him in return. This +broke the charm, and Thenot no longer felt that reverence of love he +before entertained. Corin was skilled "in the dark, hidden virtuous use +of herbs," and says:</p> + +Of all green wounds I know the remedies<br> +In men and cattle, be they stung by snakes,<br> +Or charmed with powerful words of wicked art,<br> +Or be they love-sick.<br> + +<p>—John Fletcher, <i>The Faithful Shepherdess</i>, i. 1, +(1610).</p> + +<p><i>Cor'in, Corin'eus</i> (3 <i>syl</i>.), or <i>Corine'us</i> (4 <i>syl</i>.) "strongest +of mortal men," and one of the suite of Brute (the first mythical king +of Britain.) (See CORINEUS.)</p> + +<p>From Corin came it first? [<i>i.e., the Cornish hug in wrestling</i>].</p> + +<p>M. Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, i. (1612).</p> + +<p><b>Corineus</b> (3 <i>syl</i>). Southey throws the accent on the <i>first</i> +syllable, and Spenser on the <i>second</i>. One of the suite of Brute. He +overthrew the giant Goëm'agot, for which achievement he was rewarded +with the whole western horn of England, hence called Corin'ea, and the +inhabitants Corin'eans. (See CORIN).</p> + +<p>Corineus challenged the giant to wrestle with him. At the beginning of +the encounter, Corineus and the giant standing front to front held each +other strongly in their arms, and panted aloud for breath; but Goëmagot +presently grasped Corineus with all his might, broke three of his ribs, +two on his right side and one on his left. At which Corineus, highly +enraged, roused up his whole strength, and snatching up the giant, ran +with him on his shoulders to the neighboring shore, and getting on to +the top of a high rock, hurled the monster into the sea ... The place +where he fell is called Lam Goëmagot or Goëmagot's Leap, to this +day.—Geoffrey, <i>British History</i>, i. 16 (1142).</p> + +<p>When father Brute and Cor'ineus set foot On the white island first.</p> + +<p>Southey, <i>Madoc</i>, vi. (1805).</p> +<br> + +<p>Cori'neus had that province utmost west. To him assigned.</p> + +<p>Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, ii. 10 (1500).</p> + +<p>Drayton makes the name a word of four syllables, and throws the accent +on the last but one.</p> + +<p>Which to their general then great Corine'us had.</p> + +<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, i. (1612).</p> + +<p><b>Corinna</b>, a Greek poetess of Boeotia, who gained a victory over +Pindar at the public games (fl. B.C. 490).</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... they raised</span><br> +A tent of satin, elaborately wrought<br> +With fair Corinna's triumph.<br> + +<p>Tennyson, <i>The Princess</i>, iii.</p> + +<p><i>Corinna</i>, daughter of Gripe, the scrivener. She marries Dick Amlet. Sir +John Vanbrugh, <i>The Confederacy</i> (1695).</p> + +See lively Pope advance in jig and trip<br> +"Corinna," "Cherry," "Honeycomb," and "Snip;"<br> +Not without art, but yet to nature true,<br> +She charms the town with humor just yet new.<br> +<br> +Churchill, <i>Roseiad</i> (1761).<br> + +<p>Corinne' (2 <i>syl</i>.) the heroine and title of a novel by Mde. de Staël. +Her lover proved false, and the maiden gradually pined away.</p> + +<p><i>A Corinthian</i>, a rake, a "fast man." Prince Henry says (1 <i>Henry IV</i>. +act ii. sc. 4.) "[<i>They</i>] tell me I am no proud Jack, like Falstaff, but +a Corinthian, a lad of mettle."</p> + +<p><b>Corinthian Tom,</b> "a fast man," the sporting rake in Pierce Egan's +<i>Life in London</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Coriola'nus</b> <i>(Caius Marcius</i>), called Coriolanus from his victory +at Cori'oli. His mother was Vetu'ria (<i>not Volumnia</i>), and his wife +Volumnia (not <i>Virgilia</i>). Shakespeare has a drama so called. La Harpe +has also a drama entitled <i>Coriolan</i>, produced in 1781.—Livy, <i>Annals</i>, +ii. 40.</p> + +<p>I remember her [<i>Mrs. Siddons</i>] coming down the stage in the triumphal +entry of her son Coriolanus, when her dumb-show drew plaudits that shook +the house. She came alone, marching and beating time to the music, +rolling ... from side to side, swelling with the triumph of her son. +Such was the intoxication of joy which flashed from her eye and lit up +her whole face, that the effect was irresistible.—C.M. Young.</p> + +<p><b>Corita'ni,</b> the people of Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, +Leicestershire, Rutlandshire, and Northamptonshire. Drayton refers to +them in his <i>Polyolbion</i>, xvi. (1613).</p> + +<p><b>Cormac I.,</b> son of Conar, a Cael, who succeeded his father as "king +of Ireland," and reigned many years. In the latter part of his reign the +Fir-bolg (or Belgae settled in the south of Ireland), who had been +subjugated by Conar, rebelled, and Cormac was reduced to such +extremities that he sent to Fingal for aid. Fingal went with a large +army, utterly defeated Colculla "lord of Atha," and re-established +Cormac in the sole possession of Ireland. For this service Cormac gave +Fingal his daughter Roscra'na for wife, and Ossian was their first son. +Cormac I. was succeeded by his son Cairbre; Cairbre by his son Artho; +Artho by his son Cormac II. (a minor); and Cormac II., (after a short +interregnum) by Ferad-Artho.—Ossian.</p> + +<p><b>Cormac II.</b> (a minor), king of Ireland. On his succeeding his father +Artho on the throne, Swaran, king of Lochlin [<i>Scandinavia</i>] invaded +Ireland, and defeated the army under the command of Cuthullin. Fingal's +arrival turned the tide of events, for the next day Swaran was routed +and returned to Lochlin. In the third year of his reign Torlath +rebelled, but was utterly discomfited at lake Lago by Cuthullin, who, +however, was himself mortally wounded by a random arrow during the +persuit. Not long after this Cairbre rose in insurrection, murdered the +young king, and usurped the government. His success, however, was only +of short duration, for having invited Oscar to a feast, he treacherously +slew him, and was himself slain at the same time. His brother Cathmor +succeeded for a few days, when he also was slain in battle by Fingal, +and the Conar dynasty restored. Conar (first king of Ireland, a +Caledonian) was succeeded by his son Cormac I; Cormac I. was succeeded +by his son Cairbre; Cairbre by his son Artho; Artho by his son Cormac +II.; and Cormac II (after a short interregnum) by his cousin +Ferad-Artho.—Ossian, <i>Fingal, Dar-Thula and Temora</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Cor'mack</b> <i>(Donald)</i>, a Highland robber-chief.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair +Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV).</p> + +<p><b>Cor'malo,</b> a "chief of ten thousand spears," who lived near the +waters of Lano (a Scandinavian lake). He went to Inis-Thona (an island +of Scandinavia), to the court of King Annir, and "sought the honor of +the spear" (i.e. a tournament). Argon, the eldest son of Annir, tilted +with him and overthrew him. This vexed Cormalo greatly, and during a +hunting expedition he drew his bow in secret and shot both Argon and his +brother Ruro. Their father wondered they did not return, when their dog +Runa came bounding into the hall, howling so as to attract attention. +Annir followed the hound, and found his sons both dead. In the mean time +his daughter was carried off by Cormalo. When Oscar, son of Ossian, +heard thereof, he vowed vengeance, went with an army to Lano, +encountered Cormalo, and slew him. Then rescuing the daughter, he took +her back to Inis-Thona, and delivered her to her father.—Ossian, <i>The +War of Inis-Thona.</i></p> + +<p><b>Cor'moran'</b> <i>(The Giant</i>)<b>,</b> a Cornish giant slain by Jack the +Giant-killer. This was his first exploit, accomplished when he was a +mere boy. Jack dug a deep pit, and so artfully filmed it over atop, that +the giant fell into it, whereupon Jack knocked him on the head and +killed him.</p> + +<p><b>Cornavii,</b> the inhabitants of Cheshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, +Warwickshire, and Worcestershire. Drayton refers to them in his +<i>Polyolbion</i>, xvi. (1613).</p> + +<p><b>Corne'lia,</b> wife of Titus Sempronius Gracchus, and mother of the two +tribunes Tiberius and Caius. She was almost idolized by the Romans, who +erected a statue in her honor, with this inscription: CORNELIA, MOTHER +OF THE GRACCHI.</p> + +Clelia, Cornelia,... and the Roman brows<br> +Of Agrippina<br> + +<p>Tennyson, <i>The Princess</i>, ii.</p> + +<p><b>Cornet</b>, a waiting-woman on Lady Fanciful. She caused great offence +because she did not flatter her ladyship. She actually said to her, +"Your ladyship looks very ill this morning," which the French +waiting-woman contradicted by saying, "My opinion be, matam, dat your +latyship never look so well in all your life." Lady Fanciful said to +Cornet, "Get out of the room, I can't endure you;" and then turning to +Mdlle, she added, "This wench is insufferably ugly.... Oh, by-the-by, +Mdlle., you can take these two pair of gloves. The French are certainly +well-mannered, and never flatter."—Vanbrugh, <i>The Provoked Wife</i> +(1697).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> This is of a piece with the archbishop of Granada and his +secretary Gil Blas.</p> + +<p><b>Corney</b> (<i>Mrs</i>.), matron of the workhouse where Oliver Twist was +born. She is a well-to-do widow, who marries Bumble, and reduces the +pompous beadle to a hen-pecked husband.—C. Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i>, +xxxvii. (1837).</p> + +<p><b>Cornflower</b> (<i>Henry</i>), a farmer, who "beneath a rough outside, +possessed a heart which would have done honor to a prince."</p> + +<p><i>Mrs. Cornflower</i>, (by birth Emma Belton), the farmer's wife abducted by +Sir Charles Courtly.—Dibdin, <i>The Farmer's Wife</i> (1789).</p> + +<p><b>Corniole Giovanni delle</b>, i.e. Giovanni of the Cornelians, the +cognomen given to an engraver of these stones in the time of Lorenzo di +Medici. His most famous work, the Savonarola in the Uffoziel gallery.</p> + +<p><b>Corn-Law Rhymer</b> (<i>The</i>), Ebenezer Elliot (1781-1849).</p> + +<p><b>Cornwall</b> (<i>Barry</i>), an imperfect anagram of Bryan Waller Proctor, +author of <i>English Songs</i> (1788-1874).</p> + +<p><b>Corombona</b> (<i>Vittoria</i>), the White Devil, the chief character in a +drama by John Webster, entitled <i>The White Devil, or Vittoria Corombona</i> +(1612).</p> + +<p><b>Coro'nis</b>, daughter of Phorôneus (3 <i>syl</i>.) king of Pho'cis, +metamorphosed by Minerva into a crow. <b>Corporal</b> (<i>The Little</i>). +General Bonaparte was so called after the battle of Lodi(1796).</p> + +<p><b>Corrector</b> (<i>Alexander the</i>), Alexander Cruden, author of the +<i>Concordance to the Bible</i>, for many years a corrector of the press, in +London. He believed himself divinely inspired to correct the morals and +manners of the world (1701-1770).</p> + +<p><b>Courrouge</b>' (2 <i>syl</i>.), the sword of Sir Otuel, a presumptuous +Saracen, nephew of Farracute (3 <i>syl</i>.). Otuel was in the end converted +to Christianity.</p> + +<p><b>Corsair</b> (<i>The</i>), Lord Conrad, afterwards called Lara. Hearing that +the Sultan Seyd [<i>Seed</i>] was about to attack the pirates, he assumed the +disguise of a dervise and entered the palace, while his crew set fire to +the Sultan's fleet. Conrad was apprehended and cast into a dungeon, but +being released by Glulnare (queen of the harem), he fled with her to the +Pirates' Isle. Here he found that Medo'ra (his heart's darling) had died +during his absence, so he left the Island with Gulnare, returned to his +native land, headed a rebellion, and was shot.—Byron, <i>The Corsair</i>, +continued in <i>Lara</i> (1814).</p> + +<p>(This tale is based on the adventures of Lafitte, the notorious +buccaneer. Lafitte was pardoned by General Jackson for services rendered +to the States in 1815, during the attack of the British on New Orleans).</p> + +<p><b>Cor'sand,</b> a magistrate at the examination of Dirk Hatteraick at +Kippletringan.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time George II).</p> + +<p><b>Corsican General</b> (<i>The</i>), Napoleon I., who was born in Corsica +(1769-1821).</p> + +<p><b>Cor'sina,</b> wife of the corsair who found Fairstar and Chery in the +boat as it drifted on the sea. Being made very rich by her +foster-children, Corsina brought them up as princes. Comtesse D'Aunoy, +<i>Fairy Tales</i> (The Princess Fairstar, 1682).</p> + +<p><b>Corte'jo,</b> a cavaliere servente, who as Byron says in <i>Beppo</i>:</p> + +Coach, servants, gondola, must go to call,<br> +And carries fan and tippet, gloves and shawl.<br> +<br> +Was it not for this that no cortejo ere<br> +I yet have chosen from the youth of Sev'ille?<br> + +<p>Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, i. 148 (1819).</p> + +<p><b>Corvi'no</b> (<i>Signior</i>), a Venetian merchant, duped by Mosca into +believing that he is Vol'pone's heir.—Ben Jonson, <i>Volpone or the Fox</i> +(1605).</p> + +<p><b>Coryate's Crudities</b>, a book of travels by Thomas Coryate, who +called himself the "Odcombian Legstretcher." He was the son of the +rector of Odcombe (1577—1617).</p> + +<p><b>Corycian Nymphs</b> (<i>The</i>), the Muses, so called from the cave of +Corycîa on Lyeorça, one of the two chief summits of Mount Parnassus, in +Greece.</p> + +<p><b>Cor'ydon,</b> a common name for a shepherd. It occurs in the <i>Idylls</i> +of Theocritos; the <i>Eclogues</i> of Virgil; <i>The Cantata</i>, v., of Hughes, +etc.</p> + +<p><i>Cor'ydon</i>, the shepherd who languished for the fair Pastorella (canto +9). Sir Calidore, the successful rival, treated him most courteously, +and when he married the fair shepherdess, gave Corydon both flocks and +herds to mitigate his disappointment (canto 11).—Spenser, <i>Faëry +Queen</i>, vi. (1596).</p> + +<p><i>Cor'ydon</i>, the shoemaker, a citizen.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Count Robert of +Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p> + +<p><b>Coryphaeus of German Literature</b> <i>(The)</i>, Goethe.</p> + +<p>The Polish poet called upon ... the great Corypheeus of German +literature.—W. R. Morfell, <i>Notes and Queries</i>, April 27, 1878.</p> + +<p><b>Coryphe'us</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), a model man or leader, from the Koruphaios +or leader of the chorus in the Greek drama. Aristarchos is called <i>The +Corypheus of Grammarians</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Cosette.</b> Illegitimate child of Fantine, a Parisian <i>grisette</i>. She +puts the baby into the care of peasants who neglect and maltreat the +little creature. She is rescued by the ex-convict Jean Valjean, who +nurtures her tenderly and marries her to a respectable man.—Victor +Hugo, <i>Les Miserables.</i></p> + +<p><b>Cosme</b> <i>(St.)</i>, patron of surgeons, born in Arabia. He practised +medicine in Cilicia with his brother St. Damien, and both suffered +martyrdom under Diocletian in 303 or 310. Their fête day is December 27. +In the twelfth century there was a medical society called <i>Saint Cosme</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Cos'miel</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the genius of the world. He gave to +Theodidactus a boat of asbestos, in which he sailed to the sun and +planets.—Kircher, <i>Ecstatic Journey to Heaven.</i></p> + +<p><b>Cosmos</b>, the personification of "the world" as the enemy of man. +Phineas Fletcher calls him "the first son to the Dragon red" (<i>the +devil</i>). "Mistake," he says, "points all his darts;" or, as the Preacher +says, "Vanity, vanity, all is vanity." Fully described in <i>The Purple +Island</i>, viii (1633). (Greek, <i>kosmos</i>, "the world.")</p> + +<p><b>Cos'tard,</b> a clown who apes the court wits of Queen Elizabeth's +time. He uses the word "honorificabilitudinitatibus," and some of his +blunders are very ridiculous, as "ad dunghill, at the fingers' ends, as +they say" (act v. I).—Shakespeare, <i>Love's Labour's Lost</i> (1594).</p> + +<p><b>Costigan</b>, Irish Captain in <i>Pendennis</i>, W. M. Thackeray.</p> + +<p><b>Costin</b> <i>(Lord)</i>, disguised as a beggar, in <i>The Beggar's Bush</i>, a +drama by Beaumont and Fletcher (1622).</p> + +<p><b>Cote Male-tailé</b> <i>(Sir)</i>, meaning the "knight with the villainous +coat," the nickname given by Sir Key (the seneschal of King Arthur) to +Sir Brewnor le Noyre, a young knight who wore his father's, coat with +all its sword-cuts, to keep him in remembrance of the vengeance due to +his father. His first achievement was to kill a lion that "had broken +loose from a tower, and came hurling after the queen." He married a +damsel called Maledisaunt (3 <i>syl</i>.), who loved him, but always chided +him. After her marriage she was called Beauvinant.—Sir T. Malory, +<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, ii. 42-50 (1470).</p> + +<p><b>Cotter's Saturday Night</b>; Poem in which Burns depicts the household +of a Scottish peasant gathering about the hearth on the last evening of +the week for supper, social converse and family worship. The picture of +the "Saint, the Father and the Husband" is drawn the poet's own father. +<b>Cotyt´to,</b> Groddess of the Edõni of Thrace. Her orgies resembled +those of the Thracian Cyb´elê (<i>3 syl</i>).</p> + +Hail goddess of nocturnal sport,<br> +Dark-veiled Cotytto, to whom the secret flame<br> +Of midnight torches burns.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 6.5em;">Milton, <i>Comus</i>, 136, etc. (1634.)</span><br> + +<p><b>Coulin</b>, a British giant pursued by Debon till he came to a chasm +132 feet across which he leaped; but slipping on the opposite side, he +fell backwards into the pit and was killed.</p> + +And eke that ample pit yet far renowned<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For the great leap which Debon did compell</span><br> +Coulin to make, being eight lugs of grownd,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Into which the returning back he fell.</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Spencer, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, ii. 10 (1590.)</span><br> + +<p><b>Count of Narbonne</b>, a tragedy by Robert Jephson (1782). His father, +Count Raymond, having poisoned Alphonso, forged a will barring Godfrey's +right, and naming Raymond as successor. Theodore fell in love with +Adelaide, the count's daughter, but was reduced to this dilemma: if he +married Adelaide he could not challenge the count and obtain the +possessions he had a right to as grandson of Alphonso; if, on the other +hand, he obtained his rights and killed the count in combat, he could +not expect that Adelaide would marry him. At the end the count killed +Adelaide, and then himself. This drama is copied from Walpole's <i>Castle +of Otranto</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Count Robert of Paris</b>, a novel by Sir W. Scott, after the wreck of +his fortune and repeated strokes of paralysis (1831). The critic can +afford to be indulgent, and those who read this story must remember that +the sun of the great wizard was hastening to its set. The time of the +novel is the reign of Rufus. <b>Country</b> (<i>Father of his</i>). Cicero was +so called by the Roman senate (B.C. 106-43). Julius Cæsar was so called +after quelling the insurrection in Spain (B.C. 100-43). Augustus Cæsar +was called <i>Pater atque Princeps</i> (B.C. 63, 31-14). Cosmo de Med´ici +(1389-1464). Washington, defender and paternal counsellor of the +American States (1732-1799). Andrea Dorea is so called on the base of +his statue in Gen´oa (1468-1560). Andronlcus Palaeol´ogus II. assumed +the title (1260-1332). (See 1 <i>Chron</i>. iv. 14).</p> + +<p><b>Country Girl</b> (<i>The</i>), a comedy by Garrick, altered from Wycherly. +The "country girl" is Peggy Thrift, the orphan daughter of Sir Thomas +Thrift, and ward of Moody, who brings her up in the country in perfect +seclusion. When Moody is 50 and Peggy is 19, he wants to marry her, but +she outwits him and marries Bellville, a young man of suitable age and +position.</p> + +<p><b>Country Wife</b> (<i>The</i>), a comedy by William Wycherly (1675).</p> + +Pope was proud to receive notice from the<br> +author of <i>The Country Wife</i>.—R. Chambers,<br> +<i>English Literature</i>, i. 393.<br> + +<p><b>Coupee</b>, the dancing-master, who says "if it were not for +dancing-masters, men might as well walk on their heads as heels." He +courts Lucy by promising to teach her dancing.—Fielding, <i>The Virgin +Unmasked.</i></p> + +<p><b>Cour´tain,</b> one of the swords of Ogier the Dane, made by Munifican. +His other sword was Sauvagine.</p> + +But Ogier gazed upon it [<i>the sea</i>] doubtfully<br> +One Moment, and then, sheathing, Courtain, said,<br> +"What tales are these?"<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">W. Morris, <i>The Earthly Paradise</i> ("August").</span><br> + +<p><b>Courtall</b>, a fop and consummate libertine, for ever boasting of his +love-conquests over ladies of the <i>haut monde</i>. He tries to corrupt Lady +Frances Touchwood, but is foiled by Saville.—Mrs. Cowley, <i>The Belle's +Stratagem</i> (1780).</p> + +<p><b>Courtly</b> (<i>Sir Charles</i>), a young libertine, who abducted the +beautiful wife of Farmer Cornflower.—Dibdin, <i>The Farmer's Wife</i> +(1780).</p> + +<p><b>Cousin Copeland</b>, a little old bachelor, courtly and quaint, who +lives in "Old Gardiston," the home of his ancestors "befo' de wah." He +has but one suit of clothes, so he dresses for dinner by donning a +ruffled shirt and a flower in his buttonhole. His work is among +"documents," his life in the past; without murmur at poverty or change +he keeps up the even routine of life until one evening, trying to +elevate his gentle little voice as he reads to his niece, so as to be +heard above the rain and wind, it fails.</p> + +"Four days afterward he died, gentle and<br> +placid to the last. He was an old man, although<br> +no one had ever thought so."—Constance<br> +Fennimore Woolson, <i>Southern Sketches</i>, (1880).<br> + +<p><b>Cousin Michel</b> or MICHAEL, the nickname of a German, as John Bull is +of an Englishman, Brother Jonathan of an American, Colin Tampon a Swiss, +John Chinaman a Chinese, etc.</p> + +<p><b>Couvade´</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>), a man who takes the place of his wife when she +is in child-bed. In these cases the man lies a-bed, and the woman does +the household duties. The people called "Gold Tooth," in the confines of +Burmah, are <i>couvades</i>. M. Francisque Michel tells us the custom still +exists in Biscay; and Colonel Yule assures us that it is common in +Yunnan and among the Miris in Upper Assam. Mr.</p> + +<p>Tylor has observed the same custom among the Caribs of the West Indies, +the Abipones of Central South America, the aborigines of California, in +Guiana, in West Africa, and in the Indian Archipelago. Diodorus speaks +of it as existing at one time in Corsica; Strabo says the custom +prevailed in the north of Spain; and Apollonius Rhodius that the +Tabarenes on the Euxine Sea observed the same:</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">In the Tabarenian land,</span><br> +When some good woman bears her lord a babe,<br> +'<i>Tis he</i> is swathed, and groaning put to bed;<br> +While she arising tends his bath and serves<br> +Nice possets for her husband in the straw.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Apollonius Rhodius, <i>Argonautic Exp</i></span><br> + +<p><b>Cov´erley</b> (<i>Sir Roger de</i>), a member of an hypothetical club, noted +for his modesty, generosity, hospitality, and eccentric whims; most +courteous to his neighbors, most affectionate to his family, most +amiable to his domestics. Sir Roger, who figures in thirty papers of the +<i>Spectator</i>, is the very beau-ideal of an amiable country gentleman of +Queen Anne's time.</p> + +What would Sir Roger de Coverley be without<br> +his follies and his charming little brain-cracks? If<br> +the good knight did not call out to the people<br> +sleeping in church, and say "Amen" with such<br> +delightful pomposity; if he did not mistake Mde.<br> +Doll Tearsheet for a lady of quality in Temple<br> +Garden; if he were wiser than he is ... of<br> +what worth were he to us? We love him for his<br> +vanities as much as for his virtues.—Thackeray.<br> + +<p><b>Cowards</b> and BULLIES. In Shakespeare we have Parolès and Pistol; in +Ben Jonson, Bob´adil; in Beaumont and Fletcher, Bessus and Mons. Lapet, +the very prince of cowards; in the French drama, La Capitan, Metamore, +and Scaramouch. (See also BASILISCO, CAPTAIN NOLL BLUFF, BOROUGHCLIFF, +CAPTAIN BRAZEN, SIR PETRONEL FLASH, SACRIPANT, VINCENT DE LA ROSA, etc.)</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Cowper</b>, called "Author of <i>The Task</i>," from his principal poem +(1731-1800).</p> + +<p><b>Coxcomb</b> (<i>The Prince of</i>) Charles Joseph Prince de Ligne +(1535-1614).</p> + +<p>Richard II. of England (1366, 1377-1400).</p> + +<p>Henri III, of France, <i>Le Mignon</i> (1551, 1574-1589).</p> + +<p><b>Coxe</b> (<i>Captain</i>), one of the masques at Kenilworth.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Kenilworth</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><b>Coy Bishop.</b> Best friend and unconscious foil to Avis Dobell in +Elizabeth Stuart Phelps' <i>Story of Avis</i>. "Her face is as innocent of +sarcasm as a mocking bird's;" she "is one of the immortal few who can +look pretty in their crimping-pins;" she "has the glibness of most +unaccentuated natures;" she admires Avis without comprehending her, and +she makes an excellent wife to John Rose, a practical young clergyman. +(1877).</p> + +<p><b>Crabshaw</b> (<i>Timothy</i>), the servant of Sir Launcelot Greaves's +squire.—Smollett, <i>Adventures of Sir Launcelot Greaves</i> (1760).</p> + +<p><b>Crab´tree,</b> in Smollett's novel called <i>The Adventures of Peregine +Pickle</i> (1751).</p> + +<p><i>Crab´tree</i>, uncle of Sir Harry Bumber, in Sheridan's comedy, <i>The +School for Scandal</i> (1777).</p> + +<p><i>Crab´tree</i>, a gardener at Fairport.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Antiquary</i> +(time George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Crac</b> (<i>M. de</i>), the French Baron Munchausen; hero of a French +operetta.</p> + +<p><b>Crack´enthorp</b> (<i>Father</i>), a publican.</p> + +<p><i>Dolly Crackenthorp</i>, daughter of the publican.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Crackit</b> (<i>Flash Toby</i>), one of the villains in the attempted +burglary in which Bill Sikes and his associates were concerned.—C. +Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i> (1837.)</p> + +<p><b>Cra'dlemont</b>, king of Wales, subdued by Arthur, fighting for +Leod'ogran, king of Cam'eliarn (3 <i>syl</i>.).—Tennyson, <i>Coming of +Arthur</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Cradock</b> (<i>Sir</i>), the only knight who could carve the boar's head +which no cuckold could cut; or drink from a bowl which no cuckold could +quaff without spilling the liquor. His lady was the only one in King +Arthur's court who could wear the mantle of chastity brought thither by +a boy during Christmas-tide.—Percy, <i>Reliques, etc.</i>, III. iii. 18.</p> + +<p><b>Craigdal'lie</b> (<i>Adam</i>), the senior baillie of Perth.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Craig'engelt</b> (<i>Captain</i>), an adventurer and companion of Bucklaw. +Sir W. Scott, <i>Bride of Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p> + +<p><b>Craik Mamsell.</b> A murderer who allows suspicion to fall upon the +innocent in Anna Katherine Green's story, <i>Hand and Ring</i> (1883).</p> + +<p><b>Cramp</b> (<i>Corporal</i>), under captain Thornton.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Bob +Roy</i> (time, George I.)</p> + +<p><b>Cran'bourne</b>, (<i>Sir Jasper</i>), a friend of Sir Geoffrey Peveril—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Crane</b> (<i>Dame Alison</i>), mistress of the Crane inn, at Marlborough.</p> + +<p><i>Gaffer Crane</i>, the dame's husband.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Kenilworth</i> (time, +Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><i>Crane (Ichabod)</i>, a credulous Yankee schoolmaster. He is described as +"tall, exceedingly lank, and narrow-shouldered; his arms, legs, and neck +unusually long; his hands dangle a mile out of his sleeves; his feet +might serve for shovels; and his whole frame is very loosely hung +together."</p> + +The head of Ichabod Crane was small and<br> +flat at top, with huge ears, large green glassy<br> +eyes, and a long snipe nose, so that it looked<br> +like a weather-cock perched upon his spindle<br> +neck to tell which way the wind blew.—W. Irving,<br> +<i>Sketch-Book</i> ("Legend of Sleepy Hollow.")<br> + +<p><b>Cranes</b> (1 <i>syl</i>.). Milton, referring to +the wars of the pygmies and the cranes, +calls the former</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 3em;">That small infantry</span><br> +Warred on by cranes.<br> +<br> +<i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 575 (1665).<br> + +<p><b>Cranion</b>, queen Mab's charioteer.</p> + +Four nimble gnats the horses were,<br> +Their harnesses of gossamere,<br> +Fly Cranion, her charioteer.<br> +<br> +M. Dayton, <i>Nymphidia</i> (1563-1631).<br> + +<p><b>Crank</b> (<i>Dame</i>), the papist laundress at Marlborough.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Kenilworth</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><b>Cra'paud</b> (<i>Johnnie</i>), a Frenchman, as John Bull is an Englishman, +Cousin Michael a German, Colin Tampon a Swiss, Brother Jonathan a North +American, etc. Called Crapaud from the device of the ancient kings of +France, "three toads erect saltant." Nostradamus, in the sixteenth +century, called the French <i>crapauds</i> in the well-known line:</p> + +Les anciens crapauds prendront Sara.<br> + +<p>("Sara" is Aras backwards, a city taken from the Spaniards under Louis +XIV.) <b>Cratchit</b> (<i>Bob</i> or <i>Robert</i>), clerk of Ebenezer Scrooge, +stock-broker. Though Bob Cratchit has to maintain nine persons on 15s. a +week, he has a happier home and spends a merrier Christmas than his +master with all his wealth and selfishness.</p> + +<p><i>Tiny Tim Cratchit</i>, the little lame son of Bob Cratchit, the Benjamin +of the family, the most helpless and most beloved of all. Tim does not +die, but Ebenezer Scrooge, after his change of character, makes him his +special care.—C. Dickens, <i>A Christmas Carol</i> (in five staves, 1843).</p> + +<p><b>Craw'ford</b> (<i>Lindsay, earl of</i>), the young earl-marshal of +Scotland.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><i>Craw'ford (Lord)</i>, captain of the Scottish guard at Plessis lés Tours, +in the pay of Louis XI.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Quentin Durward</i> (time, Edward +IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Crawley</b> (<i>Sir Pitt</i>), of Great Gaunt Street, and of Queen's +Crawley, Hants. A sharp, miserly, litigious, vulgar, ignorant baronet, +very rich, desperately mean, "a philosopher with a taste for low life," +and intoxicated every night. Becky Sharp was engaged by him to teach his +two daughters. On the death of his second wife, Sir Pitt asked her to +become lady Crawley, but Becky had already married his son, Captain +Rawdon Crawley. This "aristocrat" spoke of "brass fardens," and was +unable to spell the simplest words, as the following specimen will +show:—"Sir Pitt Crawley begs Miss Sharp and baggidge may be hear on +Tuseday, as I leaf ... to-morrow erly." The whole baronetage, peerage, +and commonage of England did not contain a more cunning, mean, foolish, +disreputable old rogue than Sir Pitt Crawley. He died at the age of +fourscore, "lamented and beloved, regretted and honored," if we can +believe his monumental tablet.</p> + +<p><i>Lady Crawley</i>. Sir Pitt's first wife was "a confounded quarrelsome, +high-bred jade." So he chose for his second wife the daughter of Mr. +Dawson, iron-monger, of Mudbury, who gave up her sweetheart, Peter Butt, +for the gilded vanity of Crawleyism. This ironmonger's daughter had +"pink cheeks and a white skin, but no distinctive character, no +opinions, no occupation, no amusements, no vigor of mind, no temper; she +was a mere female machine." Being a "blonde, she wore draggled sea-green +or slatternly sky-blue dresses," went about slip-shod and in curl-papers +all day till dinner-time. She died and left Sir Pitt for the second time +a widower, "to-morrow to fresh woods and pastures new."</p> + +<p><i>Mr. Pitt Crawley</i>, eldest son of Sir Pitt, and at the death of his +father inheritor of the title and estates. Mr. Pitt was a most proper +gentleman. He would rather starve than dine without a dress-coat and +white neckcloth. The whole house bowed down to him; even Sir Pitt +himself threw off his muddy gaiters in his son's presence. Mr. Pitt +always addressed his mother-in-law with "most powerful respect," and +strongly impressed her with his high aristocratic breeding. At Eton he +was called "Miss Crawley." His religious opinions were offensively +aggressive and of the "evangelical type." He even built a meeting-house +close by his uncle's church. Mr. Pitt Crawley came into the large +fortune of his aunt, Miss Crawley, married Lady Jane Sheepshanks, +daughter of the Countess of Southdown, became an M.P., grew money-loving +and mean, but less and less "evangelical" as he grew great and wealthy.</p> + +<p><i>Captain Rawdon Crawley</i>, younger brother of Mr. Pitt Crawley. He was in +the Dragoon Guards, a "blood about town," and an adept in boxing, +rat-hunting, the fives-court, and four-in-hand driving. He was a young +dandy, six feet high, with a great voice, but few brains. He could swear +a great deal, but could not spell. He ordered about the servants, who +nevertheless adored him; was generous, but did not pay his tradesmen; a +Lothario, free and easy. His style of talk was, "Aw, aw; Jave-aw; +Grad-aw; it's a confounded fine segaw-aw—confounded as I ever smoked. +Gad-aw." This military exquisite was the adopted heir of Miss Crawley, +but as he chose to marry Becky Sharp, was set aside for his brother +Pitt. For a time Becky enabled him to live in splendor "upon nothing a +year," but a great scandal got wind of gross improprieties between Lord +Steyne and Becky, so that Rawdon separated from his wife, and was given +the governorship of Coventry Isle by Lord Steyne. "His Excellency +Colonel Rawdon Crawley died in his island of yellow fever, most deeply +beloved and deplored," and his son Rawdon inherited his uncle's title +and the family estates.</p> + +<p><i>The Rev. Bute Crawley</i>, brother of Sir Pitt. He was a "tall, stately, +jolly, shovel-hatted rector." "He pulled stroke-oar in the Christ Church +boat, and had thrashed the best bruisers of the town. The Rev. Bute +loved boxing-matches, races, hunting, coursing, balls, elections, +regattas, and good dinners; had a fine singing voice, and was very +popular." His wife wrote his sermons for him.</p> + +<p><i>Mrs. Bute Crawley</i>, the rector's wife, was a smart little lady, +domestic, politic, but apt to overdo her "policy." She gave her husband +full liberty to do as he liked; was prudent and thrifty.—Thackeray, +<i>Vanity Fair</i> (1848).</p> + +<p><b>Craydocke</b> <i>(Miss).</i> Quaint friend of the Ripwinkleys and of +everybody else who figures in A.D.T. Whitney's <i>Real Folks</i>, and other +of her books. "Around her there is always springing up a busy and a +spreading crystallizing of shining and blessed elements. The world is +none too big for her, or for any such, of course."</p> + +<p><b>Cray'on</b> <i>(Le Sieur de</i>), one of the officers of Charles "the Bold," +Duke of Burgundy.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward +IV.).</p> + +<p><i>Crayon (Geoffrey), Esq.</i>, Washington Irving, author of <i>The +Sketch-Book</i> (1820).</p> + +<p><b>Crea'kle,</b> a hard, vulgar school-master, to whose charge David +Copperfield was entrusted, and where he first made the acquaintance of +Steerforth.</p> + +The circumstance abont him which impressed<br> +me most was that he had no voice, but spoke in<br> +a whisper.—C. Dickens, <i>David Copperfield</i>, vi.<br> +(1849).<br> + +<p><b>Cream Cheese</b> <i>(Rev.)</i>, an aesthetic divine whose disciple Mrs. +Potiphar is in <i>The Potiphar Papers</i>.—George William Curtis (1853).</p> + +<p><b>Crebillon of Romance</b> <i>(The)</i>, A. François Prévost d'Exiles +(1697-1763).</p> + +<p><b>Credat Judaeus Apella, nonego</b> (Horace, <i>Sat. I</i>. v. 100). Of +"Apella" nothing whatever is known. In general the name is omitted, and +the word "Judaeus" stands for any Jew. "A disbelieving Jew would give +credit to the statement sooner than I should."</p> + +<p><b>Cres'sida,</b> in Chaucer <b>Cresseide</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a beautiful, +sparkling, and accomplished woman, who has become a by-word for +infidelity. She was the daughter of Calchas, a Trojan priest, who took +part with the Greeks. Cressida is not a character of classic story, but +a mediaeval creation. Pope says her story was the invention of Lollius +the Lombard, historiographer of Urbino, in Italy. Cressida betroths +herself to Troilus, a son of Priam, and vows eternal fidelity. Troilus +gives the maiden a <i>sleeve</i>, and she gives her Adonis a <i>glove</i>, as a +love-knot. Soon after this betrothal an exchange of prisoners is made, +when Cressida falls to the lot of Diomed, to whom she very soon yields +her love, and even gives him the very sleeve which Troilus had given her +as a love-token.</p> + +As false<br> +As air, as water, wind, or sandy earth.<br> +Yea, let [<i>men</i>] say to stick the heart of falsehood,<br> +"As false as Cressid."<br> +<br> +(Shakespeare, <i>Troilus and Cressida</i>, act iii. sc. 2)<br> +(1602).<br> + +<p><b>Cresswell</b> (<i>Madame</i>), a woman of infamous character, who bequeathed +£10 for a funeral sermon, in which nothing ill should be said of her. +The Duke of Buckinham wrote the sermon, which was as follows:—"All I +shall say of her is this: she was born <i>well</i>, she married <i>well</i>, lived +<i>well</i>, and died <i>well</i>; for she was born at Shad-well, married +Cress-well, lived at Clerken-well, and died in Bride-well."</p> + +<p><b>Cressy McKinstry.</b> Belle of Tuolumne County, California; pretty, +saucy and illiterate. She conceives the idea of getting an education, +and attends the district school, breaking an engagement of marriage to +do this; bewitches the master, a college graduate, and confesses her +love for him, but will not be "engaged:"</p> + +<p>"I don't know enough to be a wife to you just now and you know it. I +couldn't keep a house fit for you and you couldn't keep me without +it.... You're only a dandy boy, you know, and they don't get married to +backwood Southern girls."</p> + +<p>After many scrapes involving perils, shared together, and much +love-making, he is stunned one morning to learn that Cressy is married +to another man, whom she had feigned not to like.—Bret Harte, <i>Cressy</i> +(1889).</p> + +<p><b>Crete</b> (<i>Hound of</i>), a blood-hound.—See <i>Midsummer Night's Dream</i>, +act iii. sec. 2.</p> + +Coupe le gorge, that's the word; I thee defy again,<br> +O hound of Crete!<br> + +<p>Shakespeare, <i>Henry V</i>. act ii. sc. 1 (1599).</p> + +<p><i>Crete (The Infamy of)</i>, the Minotaur.</p> + +[<i>There</i>] lay stretched<br> +The infamy of Crete, detested brood<br> +Of the feigned heifer.<br> +Dante, <i>Hell</i>, xii. (1300, Cary's translation).<br> +<br> + +<p><b>Crèvecour</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.). The count Philip de Crèvecour is the envoy +sent by Charles "the Bold," duke of Burgundy, with a defiance to Louis +XI., king of France.</p> + +<p><i>The Countess of Crèvecour</i>, wife of the count.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Quentin +Durward</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Crib</b> (<i>Tom</i>), Thomas Moore, author of <i>Tom Crib's Memorial to +Congress</i> (1819).</p> + +<p><b>Crillon.</b> The following story is told of this brave but +simple-minded officer. Henry IV., after the battle of Arques, wrote to +him thus:</p> + +<p>Prends-toi, brave Crillon, nous avons vaincu à Arques, et tu n'y étais +pas.</p> + +<p>The first and last part of this letter have become proverbial in France.</p> + +<p>When Crillon heard the story of the Crucifixion read at Church, he grew +so excited that he cried out in an audible voice, <i>Où étais tu, +Crillon</i>? ("What were you about, Crillon, to permit of such atrocity!")</p> + +<p>[Illustration: symbol] When Clovis was told of the Crucifixion, he +exclaimed, "Had I and my Franks been by, we would have avenged the +wrong, I warrant."</p> + +<p><b>Crimo'ra and Connal.</b> Crimora, daughter of Rinval, was in love with +Connal of the race of Fingal, who was defied by Dargo. He begs his +"sweeting" to lend him her father's shield, but she says it is +ill-fated, for her father fell by the spear of Gormar. Connal went +against his foe, and Crimora, disguised in armor, went also, but unknown +to him. She saw her lover in fight with Dargo, and discharged an arrow +at the foe, but it missed its aim and shot Connal. She ran in agony to +his succor. It was too late. He died, Crimora died also, and both were +buried in one grave. Ossian, <i>Carric-Thura.</i></p> + +<p><b>Cringle</b> (<i>Tom</i>), Hero of sea-story by Michael Scott, <i>Tom Cringle's +Log</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Crispin</b> (<i>St.</i>). Crispinos and Crispianus were two brothers, +born at Rome, from which place they traveled to Soissons, in France +(about A.D. 303), to propagate the gospel, and worked as shoe-makers, +that they might not be chargeable to any one. The governor of the town +ordered them to be beheaded the very year of their arrival, and they +were made the tutelary saints of the "gentle craft." St. Crispin's Day +is October 25.</p> + +This day is called the feast of Crispian..<br> +And Crispin Crispian shall ne'er go by,<br> +From this day to the ending of the world,<br> +But we in it shall be remembered.<br> + +<p>Shakespeare, <i>Henry V</i>. act iv. sc. 3 (1599).</p> + +<p><b>Critic</b> (<i>A Bossu</i>), one who criticizes the "getting up" of a book +more than its literary worth; a captious, carping critic. Réne le Bossu +was a French critic (1631-1680).</p> + +The epic poem your lordship bade me look at,<br> +upon taking the length, breadth, height, and<br> +depth of it, and trying them at home upon an<br> +exact scale of Bossu's, 'tis out, my lord, in every<br> +one of its dimensions. Admirable connoisseur!<br> +—Sterne.<br> + +<p>(Probably the scale referred to was that of Bossut the mathematician, +and that either Bossu and Bossut have been confounded, or else that a +pun is intended).</p> + +<p><i>Critic (The)</i>, by R. B. Sheridan, suggested by <i>The Rehearsal</i> (1779).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> <i>The Rehearsal</i> is by the Duke of Buckingham (1671).</p> + +<p><b>Critics</b> (<i>The Prince of</i>), Aristarchos of Byzantium, who compiled, +in the second century B.C., the rhapsodies of Homer.</p> + +<p><b>Croaker</b>, guardian to Miss Richland. Never so happy as when he +imagines himself a martyr. He loves a funeral better than a festival, +and delights to think that the world is going to rack and ruin. His +favorite phrase is "May be not."</p> + +A poor, fretful soul, that has a new distress<br> +for every hour of the four and twenty.—Act i. 1.<br> + +<p><i>Mrs. Croaker</i>, the very reverse of her +grumbling, atrabilious husband. She is mirthful, light-hearted, and +cheerful as a lark.</p> + +The very reverse of each other. She all laugh<br> +and no joke, he always complaining and never<br> +sorrowful.—Act i. 1.<br> + +<p><i>Leontine Croaker</i>, son of Mr. Croaker. Being sent to Paris to fetch his +sister, he falls in love with Olivia Woodville, whom he brings home +instead, introduces her to Croaker as his daughter, and ultimately +marries her.—Goldsmith, <i>The Good Natured Man</i> (1768).</p> + +<p><b>Crocodile</b> (<i>King</i>). The people of Isna, in Upper Egypt, affirm that +there is a king crocodile as there is a queen bee. The king crocodile +has ears but no tail, and has no power of doing harm. Southey says that +though the king crocodile has no tail, he has teeth to devour his people +with.—Browne, <i>Travels</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Crocodile (Lady Kitty)</i>, meant for the Duchess of Kingston.—Sam. +Foote, <i>A Trip to Calais</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Crocus</b>, a young man enamoured of the nymph Smilax, who did not +return his love. The gods changed him into the crocus flower, to signify +<i>unrequited love</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Croesus</b>, king of Lydia, deceived by an oracle, was conquered by +Cyrus, king of Persia. Cyrus commanded a huge funeral pile to be erected +upon which Croesus and fourteen Lydian youths were to be chained and +burnt alive. When this was done, the discrowned king called on the name +of Solon, and Cyrus asked why he did so. "Because he told me to call no +one happy till death." Cyrus, struck with the remark, ordered the fire +of the pile to be put out, but this could not be done. Croesus then +called on Apollo, who sent a shower which extinguished the flames, and +he with his Lydians came from the pile unharmed.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> The resemblance of this legend to the Bible account of +the Jewish youths condemned by Nebuchadnezzar to be cast into the fiery +furnace, from which they came forth uninjured, will recur to the +reader.—<i>Daniel</i>, iii. <i>Croesus's Dream</i>. Croesus dreamt that his son, +Atys, would be slain by an iron instrument, and used every precaution to +prevent it, but to no purpose; for one day Atys went to chase the wild +boar, and Adrastus, his friend, threw a dart at the boar to rescue Atys +from danger; the dart, however, struck the prince and killed him. The +tale is told by William Morris in his <i>Earthly Paradise</i> ("July").</p> + +<p><b>Croftangry</b> (<i>Mr. Chrystal</i>), a gentleman fallen to decay, cousin of +Mrs. Martha Bethune Baliol, to whom at death, he left the MS. of two +novels, one <i>The Highland Widow</i>, and the other <i>The Fair Maid of +Perth</i>, called the <i>First</i> and <i>Second Series</i> of the "Chronicles of +Canongate" (<i>q. v.</i>). The history of Mr. Chrystal Croftangry is given in +the introductory chapters of <i>The Highland Widow</i>, and continued in the +introduction of the <i>The Fair Maid of Perth</i>.</p> + +<p>Lockhart tells us that Mr. Croftangry is meant for Sir Walter Scott's +father and that "the fretful patient at the death-bed" is a living +picture.</p> + +<p><b>Crofts</b> <i>(Master)</i>, the person killed in a duel by Sir Geofrey +Hudson, the famous dwarf.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, +Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Croker's Mare.</b> In the proverb <i>As coy as Croker's Mare</i>. This means +"as chary as a mare that carries crockery."</p> + +She was to them as koy as a croker's Mare,<br> + +<p>J. Heywood, <i>Dialogue</i> ii. 1 (1566).</p> + +<p><b>Crokers.</b> Potatoes are so called because they were first planted in +Croker's field, at Youghal, in Ireland.—J. R. Planche, <i>Recollections, +etc</i>. ii. 119.</p> + +<p><b>Crom'well</b> <i>(Oliver)</i>, introduced by Sir W. Scott in <i>Woodstock</i>. +<i>Cromwell's daughter Elizabeth</i>, who married John Claypole. Seeing her +father greatly agitated by a portrait of Charles I., she gently and +lovingly led him away out of the room.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i> (time, +Commonwealth).</p> + +<p><i>Cromwell</i> is called by the Preacher Burroughs "the archangel who did +battle with the devil."</p> + +<p><i>Cromwell's Lucky Day</i>. The 3rd September was considered by Oliver +Cromwell to be his red-letter day. On the 3rd September, 1650, he won +the battle of Dunbar; on 3rd September, 1651, he won the battle of +Worcester; and on 3rd September, 1658, he died. It is not, however, true +that he was born on 3rd September, as many affirm, for his birthday was +25th April, 1599.</p> + +<p><i>Cromwell's Dead Body Insulted</i>. Cromwell's dead body was, by the +sanction, if not by the express order of Charles II., taken from its +grave, exposed on a gibbet, and finally buried under the gallows.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Similarly, the tomb of Am'asis, king of Egypt, was broken open by +Camby'ses; the body was then scourged and insulted in various ways, and +finally burnt, which was abhorrent to the Egyptians, who used every +possible method to preserve dead bodies in their integrity.</p> + +<p>The dead body of Admiral Coligny [<i>Co.leen.ye</i>] was similarly insulted +by Charles IX., Catherine de Medicis, and all the court of France, who +spattered blood and dirt on the half-burnt blackened mass. The king had +the bad taste to say over it:</p> + +Fragrance sweeter than a rose<br> +Rises from our slaughtered foes.<br> + +<p>It will be remembered that Coligny was the guest of Charles, his only +crime being that he was a Huguenot.</p> + +<p><b>Crook-fingered Jack</b>, one of Macheath's gang of thieves. In eighteen +months' service he brought to the general stock four fine gold watches +and seven silver ones, sixteen snuff-boxes (five of which were gold), +six dozen handkerchiefs, four silver-hilted swords, six shirts, three +periwigs, and a "piece" of broadcloth. Pea'chum calls him "a mighty +cleanhanded fellow," and adds:</p> + +<p>"Considering these are only the fruits of his leisure hours, I don't +know a prettier fellow, for no man alive hath a more engaging presence +of mind upon the road."—Gay, <i>The Beggar's Opera</i>. <b>i.</b> 1 (1727).</p> + +<p><b>Crop</b> <i>(George)</i>, an honest, hearty farmer, who has married a second +wife, named Dorothy, between whom there are endless quarrels. Two +especially are noteworthy. Crop tells his wife he hopes that better +times are coming, and when the law-suit is over "we will have roast pork +for dinner every Sunday." The wife replies, "It shall be lamb." "But I +say it shall be pork." "I hate pork, I'll have lamb." "Pork, I tell +you." "I say lamb." "It shan't be lamb, I will have pork." The other +quarrel arises from Crop's having left the door open, which he asks his +wife civilly to shut. She refuses, he commands; she turns obstinate, he +turns angry; at length they agree that the person who first speaks shall +shut the door. Dorothy speaks first, and Crop gains the victory.—P. +Hoare, <i>No Song, no Supper</i> (1754-1834).</p> + +<p><b>Cropland</b> (<i>Sir Charles</i>), an extravagant, heartless libertine and +man of fashion, who hates the country except for hunting, and looks on +his estates and tenants only as the means of supplying money for his +personal indulgence. Knowing that Emily Worthington is the daughter of a +"poor gentleman," he offers her "a house in town, the run of his estate +in the country, a chariot, two footmen, and £600 a year;" but the +lieutenant's daughter rejects with scorn such "splendid infamy." At the +end Sir Charles is made to see his own baseness, and offers the most +ample apologies to all whom he has offended.—G. Colman, <i>The Poor +Gentleman</i> (1802).</p> + +<p><b>Croquemitaine</b> [<i>Croak.mit.tain</i>], the bogie raised by fear. +Somewhere near Saragossa was a terrible castle called Fear Fortress, +which appeared quite impregnable; but as the bold approached it, the +difficulties of access gradually gave way and even the fortress itself +vanished into thin air.</p> + +<p><i>Croquemitaine</i> is a romance in three parts; the first part is a +tournament between the knights of Marsillus, a Moorish king, and the +paladins of Charlemagne; the second part is the siege of Saragossa by +Charlemagne; and the third part is the allegory of Fear Fortress. +Mitaine is the godchild of Charlemagne, who goes in search of Fear +Fortress.</p> + +<p><b>Croquis</b> (<i>Alfred</i>), Daniel Maclise, R.A. This pseudonym was +attached to a series of character-portraits in <i>Frazer's Magazine</i> +between the years 1830 and 1838. Maclise was born 1811, and died 1870.</p> + +<p><b>Cros'bie</b> (<i>William</i>), provost of Dumfries, a friend of Mr. Fairford +the lawyer.</p> + +<p><i>Mrs. Crosbie</i>, wife of the provost, and a cousin of Eedgauntlet.—Sir +W. Scott. <i>Redgauntlet</i>, (time, George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Crosbite</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a barrister.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> +(time George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Cross Purposes</b>, a farce by O'Brien. There are three brothers named +Bevil—Francis, an M.P., Harry, a lawyer, and George, in the Guards. +They all, unknown to each other, wish to marry Emily Grub, the handsome +daughter of a rich stockbroker. Francis pays court to the father, and +obtains his consent; Harry to the mother, and obtains her consent; and +George to the daughter, whose consent he obtains, and the two elder +brothers retire from the field. The fun of the farce is the contention +of the Grubs about a suitable husband, their joy at finding they have +all selected Mr. Bevil, and their amazement at discovering that there +are three of the same name.</p> + +<p><b>Cross'myloof,</b> a lawyer.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, +George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Crothar</b>, "Lord of Atha," in Connaught (then called Alnec'ma). He +was the first and most powerful chief of the Fir-bolg ("bowmen") or +Belgæ from Britain who colonized the <i>southern</i> parts of Ireland. +Crothar carried off Conla'ma, daughter of Cathmin, a chief of the Cael +or Caledonians, who had colonized the <i>northern</i> parts of Ireland and +held their court in Ulster. As Conlama was betrothed to Turloch, a Cael, +he made an irruption into Connaught, slew Cormul, but was himself slain +by Crothar, Cormul's brother. The feud now became general, "Blood poured +on blood, and Erin's clouds were hung with ghosts." The Cael being +reduced to the last extremity, Trathel (the grandfather of Fingal) sent +Conar (son of Trenmor) to their relief. Conar, on his arrival in Ulster, +was chosen king, and the Fir-bolg being subdued, he called himself "the +King of Ireland."—Ossian, <i>Temora</i>, ii.</p> + +<p><i>Crothar</i>, vassal king of Croma (in Ireland), held under Artho, +over-lord of all Ireland. Crothar, being blind with age, was attacked by +Rothmar, chief of Tromlo, who resolved to annex Croma to his own +dominion. Crotha sent to Fingal for aid, and Fingal sent his son Ossian +with an army; but before he could arrive Fovar-Gormo, a son of Crothar, +attacked the invader, but was defeated and slain. When Ossian reached +Ulster, he attacked the victorious Rothmar and both routed the army and +slew the chief.—Ossian, <i>Croma</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Croto'na's Sage</b>, Pythagoras, so called because his first and chief +school of philosophy was established at Crotna (fl. B.C. 540.)</p> + +<p><b>Crowde'ro,</b> one of the rabble leaders encountered by Hudibras at a +bear-baiting. The academy figure of this character was Jackson or +Jephson, a milliner in the New Exchange, Strand, London. He lost a leg +in the service of the roundheads, and was reduced to the necessity of +earning a living by playing on the <i>crowd</i> or <i>crouth</i> from ale-house to +ale-house.—S. Butler, <i>Hudibras</i>, i. 2 (1664).</p> + +<p>(The <i>crouth</i> was a long box-shaped instrument, with six or more +strings, supported by a bridge. It was played with a bow. The last noted +performer on this instrument was John Morgan, a Welshman, who died +1720).</p> + +<p><b>Crowe</b> <i>(Captain)</i>, the attendant of Sir Launcelot Greaves (1 +<i>syl</i>.), in his peregrinations to reform society. Sir Launcelot is a +modern Don Quixote, and Captain Crowe is his Sancho Panza.</p> + +<p><b>Crowfield</b> <i>(Christopher)</i>, a pseudonym of Mrs. Harriet Beecher +Stowe (1814-).</p> + +<p><b>Crown.</b> Godfrey, when made the overlord of Jerusalem, or "Baron of +the Holy Sepulchre," refused to wear a crown of gold where his Saviour +had only worn a crown of thorns.</p> + +<p>Canute, after the rebuke he gave to his flatterers, refused to wear +thenceforth any symbol of royalty at all.</p> + +Canute (truth worthy to be known)<br> +From that time forth did for his brows disown<br> +The ostentatious symbol of a crown,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Esteeming earthly royalty</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Presumptuous and vain.</span><br> + +<p><b>Crowned after Death.</b> Inez de Castro was exhumed six years after her +assassination, and crowned queen of Portugal by her husband, Don Pedro. +(See INEZ DE CASTRO.)</p> + +<p><b>Crowquill</b> <i>(Alfred)</i>, Alfred Henry Forrester, author of <i>Leaves +from my Memorandum-Book</i> (1859), one of the artists of <i>Punch</i> +(1805-1872).</p> + +<p><b>Croye</b> <i>(Isabelle, countess of)</i>, a ward of Charles "the Bold," duke +of Burgundy. She first appears at the turret window in Plessis lés +Tours, disguised as Jacqueline; and her marriage with Quentin Durward +concludes the novel.</p> + +<p><i>The Countess Hameline of Croye</i>, aunt to Countess Isabelle. First +disguised as Dame Perotte (2 <i>syl</i>.) at Plessis lés Tours; afterwards +married to William de la Marck.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Quentin Durward</i> (time, +Edward IV).</p> + +<p><i>Croye (Monseigneur de la</i>), an officer of Charles "the Bold," duke of +Burgundy.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Croysa'do</b> <i>The Great</i>, General Lord Fairfax (1611-1671).—S. +Butler, <i>Hudibras</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Crudor</b> <i>(Sir)</i>, the knight who told Bria'na he would not marry her +till she brought him enough hair, consisting of ladies' locks and the +beards of knights to purfle his cloak with. In order to obtain this +love-gift, the lady established a toll, by which every lady who passed +her castle had to give the hair of her head, and every knight his beard, +as "passing pay," or else fight for their lives. Sir Crudor being +overthrown by Sir Calidore, Briana was compelled to abolish this +toll.—Spencer, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, v. 1. (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Cruel</b> <i>(The)</i>, Pedro, king of Castle (1334, 1350-1369).</p> + +<p><b>Cruik'shanks</b> <i>(Ebenezer)</i>, landlord of the Golden Candlestick inn. +Sir W. Scott, <i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Crum'mles</b> <i>(Mr. Vincent</i>), the eccentric but kind-hearted manager +of the Portsmouth Theatre.</p> + +It was necessary that the writer should, like<br> +Mr. Crummles, dramatist, construct his piece in<br> +the interest of "the pump and washing-tubs."—<br> +P. Fitzgerald.<br> + +<p><i>Mrs. Crummles</i>, wife of Mr. Vincent Crummles, a stout, ponderous, +tragedy-queen sort of a lady. She walks or rather stalks like Lady +Macbeth, and always speaks theatrically. Like her husband, she is full +of kindness, and always willing to help the needy.</p> + +<p><i>Miss Ninetta Crummles</i>, daughter of the manager, and called in the +play-bills "the infant phenomenon."—C Dickens, <i>Nicholas Nickleby</i> +(1838).</p> + +<p><b>Cruncher</b> (<i>Jerry</i>), an odd-job man in Tellson's bank. His wife was +continually saying her prayers, which Jerry termed "flopping." He was a +"resurrection man."—C. Dickens, <i>A Tale of Two Cities</i> (1859).</p> + +<p><b>Crupp</b> <i>(Mrs.)</i>, a typical humbug, who let chambers in Buckingham +Street for young gentlemen. David Copperfield lodged with her.—C. +Dickens, <i>David Copperfield</i> (1849).</p> + +<p><b>Crushed by Ornaments.</b> Tarpeia, daughter of the governer of the +Roman citadel on the Saturnian Hill, was tempted by the gold on the +Sabine bracelets and collars to open a gate of the fortress to the +besiegers on condition that they would give her the ornaments which they +wore on their arms. Tarpeia opened the gate, and the Sabines as they +passed threw on her their shields, saying, "These are the ornaments worn +by the Sabines on their arms," and the maid was crushed to death. G. +Gilfillan, alluding to Longfellow, has this erroneous allusion:</p> + +His ornaments, unlike those of the Sabine<br> +<i>[sic]</i> maid, have not crushed him.—<i>Introductory<br> +Essay to Longfellow</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Crusoe</b> <i>(Robinson)</i>, the hero and title of a novel by Daniel Defoe. +Robinson Crusoe is a shipwrecked sailor, who leads a solitary life for +many years on a desert island, and relieves the tedium of life by +ingenious contrivances (1719).</p> + +<p>(The story is based on the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, a Scotch +sailor, who in 1704 was left by Captain Stradding on the uninhabited +island of Juan Fernandez. Here he remained for four years and four +months, when he was rescued by Captain Woods Rogers and brought to +England.)</p> + +Was there ever anything written by mere<br> +man that the reader wished longer except <i>Robinson<br> +Crusoe, Don Quixote</i> and <i>The Pilgrim's Progress!</i>—Dr.<br> +Johnson.<br> + +<p><b>Cruth-Loda,</b> the war-god of the ancient Gaels.</p> + +On thy top, U-thormo, dwells the misty Loda:<br> +the house of the spirits of men. In the end of<br> +his cloudy hall bends forward Cruth-Loda of<br> +swords. His form is dimly seen amid the wavy<br> +mists, his right hand is on his shield.—Ossian,<br> +<i>Cath-Loda.</i><br> + +<p><b>Cuckold King</b> <i>(The)</i>, Sir Mark of Cornwell, whose wife Ysolde [<i>E. +seld</i>] intrigued with Sir Tristram (his nephew), one of the knights of +the Round Table.</p> + +<p><b>Cud'die</b> or CUTHBERT HEADRIGG, a ploughman, in the service of Lady +Bellenden of the Tower of Tillietudlem.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Old Mortality</i> +(time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Cuddy</b>, a herdsman, in Spenser's <i>Shephearde's Calendar.</i></p> + +<p><i>Cuddy</i>, a shepherd, who boasts that the charms of his Buxo'ma far +exceed those of Blouzelinda. Lobbin, who is Blouzelinda's swain, repels +the boast, and the two shepherds agree to sing the praises of their +respective shepherdesses, and to make Clod'dipole arbiter of their +contention. Cloddipole listens to their alternate verses, pronounces +that "both merit an oaken staff," but, says he, "the herds are weary of +the songs, and so am I."—Gay, <i>Pastoral</i>, i. (1714).</p> + +<p>(This eclogue is in imitation of Virgil's <i>Ecl</i>. iii.)</p> + +<p><b>Culdees</b> <i>(i.e. sequestered persons</i>), the primitive clergy of +presbyterian character, established in Io'na or Icolmkill +<i>[I-columb-kill]</i> by St. Columb and twelve of his followers in 563. They +also founded similar church establishments at Abernethy, Dunkeld, +Kirkcaldy <i>[Kirk-Culdee]</i>, etc., and at Lindesfarne, in England. Some +say as many as 300 churches were founded by them. Augustine, a bishop of +Waterford, began against them in 1176 a war of extermination, when those +who could escape sought refuge in Iona, the original cradle of the sect, +and were not driven thence till 1203.</p> + +Peace to their shades! the pure Culdees<br> +Were Albyn's <i>[Scotland's]</i> earliest priests of God,<br> +Ere yet an island of her seas<br> +By foot of Saxon monk was trod.<br> +<br> +Campbell, <i>Reullura</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Culloch</b> <i>(Sawney)</i> a pedlar.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, +George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Culprit Fay</b>, a sprite condemned for loving a mortal maiden to catch +the spray-gem from the sturgeon's "silver bow," and light his torch with +a falling star.—Joseph Rodman Drake, <i>The Culprit Fay</i> (1847).</p> + +<p><b>Cumberland</b> (<i>John of</i>). "The devil and John of Cumberland" is a +blunder for "The devil and John-a-Cumber." John-a-Cumber was a famous +Scotch magician.</p> + +He poste to Scotland for brave John-a-Cumber,<br> +The only man renowned for magick skill.<br> +Oft have I heard he once beguylde the devill.<br> +A. Munday, <i>John-a-Kent and John-a-Cumber</i><br> +(1595).<br> + +<p><i>Cumberland (William Augustus, duke of</i>), commander-in-chief of the army +of George II., whose son he was. The duke was especially celebrated for +his victory of Cullo'den (1746); but he was called "The Butcher" from +the great severity with which he stamped out the clan system of the +Scottish Highlanders. He was wounded in the leg at the battle of +Dettingen (1743). Sir W. Scott has introduced him in <i>Waverley</i> (time, +George II.).</p> + +Proud Cumberland prances, insulting the slain,<br> +And their hoof-beaten bosoms are trod to the plan.<br> +Campbell, <i>Lochiel's Warning</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Cumberland Poet</b> (<i>The</i>), William</p> + +<p>Wordsworth, born at Cockermouth (1770-1850).</p> + +<p><b>Cumnor Hall</b>, a ballad by Mickel, the lament of Amy Robsart, who had +been won and thrown away by the Earl of Leicester. She says if roses and +lilies grow in courts, why did he pluck the primrose of the field, which +some country swain might have won and valued! Thus sore and sad the lady +grieved in Cumnor Hall, and ere dawn the death bell rang, and never more +was that countess seen.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Sir W. Scott took this for the groundwork of his <i>Kenihvorth</i>, which +he called <i>Cumnor Hall</i>, but Constable, his publisher, induced him to +change the name.</p> + +<p><b>Cunégonde</b> <i>[Ku'.na.gond]</i>, the mistress of Candide (2 <i>syl</i>.). in +Voltaire's novel called <i>Candide</i>. Sterne spells it "Cunëgund."</p> + +<p><b>Cun'ningham</b> <i>(Archie)</i>, one of the archers of the Scotch guards at +Plessis lés Tours, in the pay of Louis XI.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Quentin +Durward</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Cu'no,</b> the ranger, father of Agatha.—Weber, <i>Der Freischütz</i> +(1822).</p> + +<p><b>Cuno'beline,</b> a king of the Silurês, son of Tasciov'anus and father +of Caractacus. Coins still exist bearing the name of "Cunobeline," and +the word "Camalodunum" <i>[Colchester]</i>, the capital of his kingdom. The +Roman general between A.D. 43 and 47 was Aulus Plautius, but in 47 +Ostorius Scapula took Caractacus prisoner.</p> + +<p>Some think Cunobeline is Shakespeare's "Cymbeline," who reigned from +B.C. 8 to A.D. 27; but Cymbeline's father was Tenantius or Tenuantius, +his sons Guide'rius Arvir'agus, and the Roman general was Caius Lucius.</p> + +... the courageous sons of our Cunobelin<br> +Sank under Plautius' sword.<br> +Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, viii. (1612).<br> + +<p><b>Cunstance</b> or <b>Constance</b> (See CUSTANCE).</p> + +<p><b>Cupid and Psyche</b> [<i>Si.ky</i>] an episode in <i>The Golden Ass</i> of +Apuleius. The allegory represents Cupid in love with Psychê. He visited +her every evening, and left at sunrise, but strictly enjoined her not to +attempt to discover who he was. One night curiosity overcame her +prudence, and going to look upon her lover a drop of hot oil fell on his +shoulder, awoke him, and he fled. Psychê now wandered in search of the +lost one, but was persecuted by Venus with relentless cruelty. Having +suffered almost to the death, Cupid at length married her, and she +became immortal. Mrs. Tighe has a poem on the subject. Wm. Morris has +poetized the same in his <i>Earthly Paradise</i> ("May"); Lafontaine has a +poem called <i>Psyché</i>, in imitation of the episode of Apuleius; and +Molière has dramatized the subject.</p> + +<p><b>Cu'pidon</b> (<i>Jean</i>). Count d'Orsay was so called by Lord Byron +(1798-1852). The count's father was styled <i>Le Beau d' Orsay.</i></p> + +<p><b>Cur'an,</b> a courtier in Shakespeare's tragedy of <i>King Lear</i> (1605).</p> + +<p><b>Curé de Meudon</b>, Rabelais, who was first a monk, then a leech, then +prebendary of St. Maur, and lastly curé of Meudon (1483-1553).</p> + +<p><b>Cu'rio,</b> a gentleman attending on the Duke of Illyria.—Shakespeare, +<i>Twelfth Night</i> (1614).</p> + +<p><i>Curio</i>. So Akenside calls Mr. Pulteney, and styles him "the betrayer of +his country," alluding to the great statesman's change of politics. +Curio was a young Roman senator, at one time the avowed enemy of Cæsar, +but subsequently of Cæsar's party, and one of the victims of the civil +war.</p> + +Is this the man in freedom's cause approved.<br> +The man so great, so honored, so beloved ...<br> +This Curio, hated now and scorned by all,<br> +Who fell himself to work his country's fall?<br> +Akenside, <i>Epistle to Curio</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Curious Impertinent</b> (<i>The</i>), a tale introduced by Cervantês in his +<i>Don Quixote</i>. The "impertinent" is an Italian gentleman who is silly +enough to make trial of his wife's fidelity by persuading a friend to +storm it if he can. Of course his friend "takes the fort," and the fool +is left to bewail his own folly.—Pt. I. iv. 5 (1605).</p> + +<p><b>Currer Bell</b>, the <i>nom de plume</i> of Charlotte Brontê, author of +<i>Jane Eyre</i> [<i>Air</i>] (1816-1855).</p> + +<p><b>Curta'na,</b> the sword of Edward the Con'fessor, which had no point, +and was therefore the emblem of mercy. Till the reign of Henry III., the +royal sword of England was so called.</p> + +But when Curtana will not do the deed,<br> +You lay the pointless clergy-weapon by,<br> +And to the laws, your sword of justice, fly.<br> +Dryden, <i>The Hind and the Panther</i>, ii. (1687).<br> + +<p><b>Curta'na</b> or <b>Courtain,</b> the sword of Ogier the Dane.</p> + +He [<i>Ogier</i>] drew Courtain his sword out of its<br> +sheath.<br> +W. Morris, <i>Earthly Paradise</i>, (634).<br> + +<p><b>Curt-Hose</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.). Robert II. duc de Normandie (1087-1134).</p> + +<p><b>Curt-Mantle,</b> Henry II. of England</p> + +<p>(1133, 1154-1189). So called because he wore the Anjou mantle, which was +shorter than the robe worn by his predecessors.</p> + +<p><b>Curtis,</b> one of Petruchio's servants.—Shakespeare, <i>Taming of the +Shrew</i> (1594).</p> + +<p><b>Parson Cushing</b>, pastor of the Orthodox Church in Poganuc. In fits +of learned abstraction, he fed the dog surreptitiously under the table, +thereby encouraging his boys to trust his heart rather than his tongue. +He justifies the expulsion of the Indian tribes by Scripture texts, and +gathers eggs in the hay-mow with Dolly; upholds the doctrines of his +denomination and would seal his faith with his blood, but admits that +"the Thirty-nine articles (with some few exceptions) are a very +excellent statement of truth." He is Catholic without suspecting +it.—Harriet Beecher Stowe, <i>Poganuc People</i>, (1878).</p> + +<p><b>Custance,</b> daughter of the Emperor of Rome, affianced to the Sultan +of Syria, who abjured his faith and consented to be baptized in order to +marry her. His mother hated this apostasy, and at the wedding breakfast +slew all the apostates except the bride. Her she embarked in a ship, +which was set adrift and in due time reached the British shores, where +Custance was rescued by the Lord-constable of Northumberland, who took +her home, and placed her under the care of his wife Hermegild. Custance +converted both the constable and his wife. A young knight wished to +marry her, but she declined his suit, whereupon he murdered Hermegild, +and then laid the bloody knife beside Custance, to make her suspected of +the crime. King Alia examined the case, and soon discovered the real +facts, whereupon the knight was executed, and the king married Custance.</p> + +<p>The queen-mother highly disapproved of the match, and during the absence +of her son in Scotland embarked Custance and her infant boy in a ship, +which was turned adrift. After floating about for five years, it was +taken in tow by a Roman fleet on its return from Syria, and Custance +with her son Maurice became the guests of a Eoman Senator. It so +happened that Alla at this same time was at Rome on a pilgrimage, and +encountered his wife, who returned with him to Northumberland and lived +in peace and happiness the rest of her life.—Chaucer, <i>Canterbury +Tales</i> ("The Man of Law's Tale," 1388).</p> + +<p><i>Custance</i>, a gay and rich widow, whom Ralph Roister Doister wishes to +marry, but he is wholly baffled in his scheme.—Nicholas TJdall, <i>Ralph +Roister Doister</i> (first English comedy, 1534).</p> + +<p><b>Cute</b> <i>(Alderman)</i>, a "practical philosopher," resolved to put down +everything. In his opinion "everything must be put down." Starvation +must be put down, and so must suicide, sick mothers, babies, and +poverty.—C. Dickens, <i>The Chimes</i> (1844).</p> + +<p><b>Cuthal</b>, same as Uthal, one of the Orkneys.</p> + +<p><b>Cuthbert</b> <i>(St.)</i>, a Scotch monk of the sixth century.</p> + +<p><b>Cuthbert Bede</b>, the Rev. Edw. Bradley, author of <i>Verdant Green</i> +(1857.)</p> + +<p><b>Cutho'na,</b> daughter of Rumar, was betrothed to Conlath, youngest son +of Morni, of Mora. Not long before the espousals were to be celebrated, +Toscar came from Ireland, and was hospitably entertained by Morni. On +the fourth day, he saw Cuthona out hunting, and carried her off by +force. Being pursued by Conlath, a fight ensued, in which both the young +men fell, and Cuthona, after languishing for three days, died also.— +Ossian, <i>Conlath and Cuthona</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Cuthullin</b>, son of Semo, commander of the Irish army, and regent +during the minority of Cormac. His wife was Brag'elo, daughter of +Sorglan. In the poem called <i>Fingal</i>, Cuthullin was defeated by Swaran, +king of Lochlin <i>[Scandinavia]</i>, and being ashamed to meet Fingal, +retired from the field gloomy and sad. Fingal having utterly defeated +Swaran, invited Cuthullin to the banquet, and partially restored his +depressed spirits. In the third year of Cormac's reign, Torlah, son of +Can'tela, rebelled. Cuthullin gained a complete victory over him at the +lake Lego, but was mortally wounded in the pursuit by a random arrow. +Cuthullin was succeeded by Nathos, but the young king was soon dethroned +by the rebel Cairbre, and murdered.—Ossian, <i>Fingal</i> and <i>The Death of +Cuthullin</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Cutler</b> <i>(Sir John)</i>, a royalist, who died 1699, reduced to the +utmost poverty.</p> + +<p>Cutler saw tenants break, and houses fall. For very want he could not +build a wall. His only daughter in a stranger's power, for very want he +could not pay a dower. A few gray hairs his reverend temples crowned, +'Twas very want that sold them for two pound....</p> + +<p>Cutler and Brutus, dying, both exclaim, "Virtue and wealth, what are ye +but a name?" Pope, <i>Moral Essays</i>, iii. (1709).</p> + +<p><b>Cutpurse</b> (<i>Moil</i>), Mary Frith, the heroine of Middleton's comedy +called <i>The Roaring Girl</i> (1611). She was a woman of masculine vigor, +who not unfrequently assumed man's attire. This notorious cut-purse once +attacked General Fairfax on Hounslow Heath, but was arrested and sent to +Newgate; she escaped, however, by bribing the turnkey, and died of +dropsy at the age of 75. Nathaniel Field introduces her in his drama +called <i>Amends for Ladies</i> (1618).</p> + +<p><b>Cutshamaquin</b>, an Indian Sachem, whose disobedient and rebellious +son was "dealt with" publicly by John Eliot. At the second summons and +serious admonition, the lad repented and confessed humbly, "and +entreated his father to forgive him, and took him by the hand, at which +his father burst forth into great weeping."—John Eliot, <i>The Clear +Sunshine of the Gospel Breaking Forth Upon the Indians</i> (1648).</p> + +<p><b>Cuttle</b> (<i>Captain Edward</i>), a great friend of Solomon Gills, ship's +instrument maker. Captain Cuttle had been a skipper, had a hook instead +of a right hand, and always wore a very hard, glazed hat. He was in the +habit of quoting, and desiring those to whom he spoke "to overhaul the +catechism till they found it;" but, he added, "when found, make a note +on." The kind-hearted seaman was very fond of Florence Dombey, and of +Walter Gay, whom he called "Wal'r." When Florence left her father's +roof, Captain Cuttle sheltered her at the Wooden Midshipman. One of his +favorite sentiments was "May we never want a friend, or a bottle to give +him."—C. Dickens, <i>Dombey and Son</i> (1846).</p> + +<p>("When found, make a note of," is the motto of <i>Notes and Queries</i>.)</p> + +<p><b>Cyc'lades</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), some twenty islands, so called from the +classic legend that they <i>circled round</i> Delos when that island was +rendered stationary by the birth of Diana and Apollo.</p> + +<p><b>Cyclic Poets</b>, a series of epic poets, who wrote continuations or +additions to Homer's <i>Iliad</i> and <i>Odyssey</i>; they were called "Cyclic" +because they confined themselves to the <i>cycle</i> of the Trojan war.</p> + +<p>AG'IAS wrote an epic on "the return of the Greeks from Troy" (B.C. 740).</p> + +<p>ARCTI'NOS wrote a continuation of the <i>Iliad</i>, describing the taking of +Troy by the "Wooden Horse," and its conflagration. Virgil has copied +from this poet (B.C. 776).</p> + +<p>EU'GAMON wrote a continuation of the <i>Odyssey</i>. It contains the +adventures of Telegonos in search of his father Ulysses. When he reached +Ith'aca, Ulysses and Telemachos went against him, and Telegonos killed +Ulysses with a spear which his mother Circe had given him (B.C. 568).</p> + +<p>LES'CHES, author of the <i>Little Iliad</i>, in four books, containing the +fate of Ajax, the exploits of Philoctetes, Neoptol'emos, and Ulysses, +and the final capture of Troy (B.C. 708).</p> + +<p>STASI'NOS, "son-in-law" of Homer. He wrote an introduction to the +<i>Iliad</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Cyclops.</b> Their names are Brontes, Steropes, and Arges. (See +SINDBAD, voy. 3).</p> + +<p><i>Cyclops (The Holy)</i>. So Dryden in the <i>Masque of Albion and Albanius</i>, +calls Richard Rumbold, an Englishman, the chief conspirator in the +"Ryehouse Plot." He had lost one eye, and was executed.</p> + +<p><b>Cydip'pe</b> (3 <i>syl</i>), a lady courted by Acontius of Cea, but being +unable to obtain her, he wrote on an apple, "I swear by Diana that +Acontius shall be my husband." This apple was presented to the maiden, +and being persuaded that she had written the words, though +inadvertently, she consented to marry Acontius for "the oath's sake."</p> + +Cydippe by a letter was betrayed,<br> +Writ on an apple to th' unwary maid<br> +Ovid, <i>Art of Love</i>, 1.<br> + +<p><b>Cyl'laros</b>, the horse of Pollux according to Virgil (<i>Georg</i>. iii. +90), but of Castor according to Ovid <i>(Metam.</i> xii. 408). It was +coal-black, with white legs and tail.</p> + +<p><b>Cylle'nius</b>, Mercury; so called from Mount Cylenê, in Arcadia, where +he was born.</p> + +<p><b>Cym'beline</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), mythical king of Britain for thirty-five +years. He began to reign in the nineteenth year of Augustus Cæsar. His +father was Tenantius, who refused to pay the tribute to the Romans +exacted of Cassibelan after his defeat by Julius Cæsar. Cymbeline +married twice. By his first wife he had a daughter named Imogen, who +married Posthumus Leonatus. His second wife had a son named Cloten by a +former husband.—Shakespeare, <i>Cymbeline</i> (1605).</p> + +<p><b>Cymochles</b> <i>[Si. mok'.leez]</i>, brother of Pyroch'lês, son of Aeratês, +husband of Acras'ia the enchantress. He sets out against Sir Guyon, but +being ferried over Idle Lake, abandons himself to self-indulgence, and +is slain by King Arthur (canto 8).—Spencer, <i>Faery Queen</i>, ii. 5, etc. +(1590).</p> + +<p><b>Cymod'oce</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.). The mother of Mar'inel is so called in bk. +iv. 12 of the <i>Faery Queen</i>, but in bk. iii. 4 she is spoken of as +Cymo'ent "daughter of Nereus" (2<i>syl</i>.) by an earth-born father, "the +famous Dumarin."</p> + +<p><b>Cymoent.</b> (See CYMODOCE.)</p> + +<p><b>Cym'ry,</b> the Welsh.</p> + +<p>The Welsh always called themselves "Cym-ry", the literal meaning of +which is "aborigines." ... It is the same word as "Cimbri." ... They +call their language "Cymraeg," <i>i.e</i>, "the primitive tongue."—E. +Williams.</p> + +<p><b>Cyngæi'ros</b>, brother of the poet Æschylos. When the Persians, after +the battle of Marathon, were pushing off from shore, Cyngæiros seized +one of their ships with his right hand, which being lopped off, he +grasped it with his left hand; this being cut off, he seized it with his +teeth, and lost his life.</p> + +<p>ADMIEAL BENBOW, in an engagement with the French, near St. Martha, in +1701, had his legs and thighs shivered into splinters by chain-shot; but +(supported on a wooden frame) he remained on deck till Du Casse sheered +off.</p> + +<p>ALMEYDA, the Portuguese Governor of India, had his legs and thighs +shattered in a similar way, and caused himself to be bound to the ship's +mast, that he might wave his sword to cheer on the combatants.</p> + +<p>JAAFER, at the battle of Muta, carried the sacred banner of the prophet. +One hand being lopped off, he held it with the other; this also being +cut off, he held it with his two stumps, and when at last his head was +cut off, he contrived to fall dead on the banner, which was thus +detained till Abdallah had time to rescue it and hand it to Khaled.</p> + +<p><b>Cyne'tha</b>(3 <i>syl.</i>), eldest son of Cadwallon (king of North Wales). +He was an orphan, brought up by his uncle Owen. During his minority, +Owen and Cynetha loved each other dearly; but when the orphan came of +age and claimed his inheritance, his uncle burnt his eyes out by +exposing them to plates of hot brass. Cynetha and his son Cadwallon +accompanied Madoc to North America, where the blind old man died while +Madoc was in Wales preparing for his second voyage.—Southey, <i>Madoc</i>, +i. 3 (1805).</p> + +Cadwallonis erat primaevus jure Cynëtha:<br> +Proh pudor! hunc oculis patruus privavit Oenus.<br> +<i>The Pentarchia</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Cynic Tub</b> (<i>The</i>), Diog'enês, the Cynic philosopher lived in a tub, +and it is to this fact that illusion is made in the line:</p> + +[<i>They</i>] fetch their doctrines from the Cynic tub.<br> +Milton, <i>Comus</i>, 708 (1634).<br> + +<p><b>Cy'nosure</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the pole-star. The word means "the dog's +tail," and is used to signify a guiding genius, or the observed of all +observers. Cynosu'ra was an Idaean nymph, one of the nurses of Zeus (1 +<i>syl</i>.).</p> + +<p><b>Cyn'thia,</b> the moon or Diana, who was born on Mount Cynthus, in +Dêlos. Apollo is called "Cynthius."</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... watching, in the night,</span><br> +Beneath pale Cynthia's melancholy light.<br> +Falconer, <i>The Shipwreck</i>, iii. 2 (1756).<br> + +<p><i>Cyn'thia.</i> So Spenser, in <i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again</i>, calls Queen +Elizabeth, "whose angel's eye" was his life's sole bliss, his heart's +eternal treasure. Ph. Fletcher, in <i>The Purple Island</i>, iii., also calls +Queen Elizabeth "Cynthia."</p> + +Her words were like a stream of honey fleeting..<br> +Her deeds were like great clusters of ripe grapes...<br> +Her looks were like beams of the morning sun<br> +Forth looking thro' the windows of the east...<br> +Her thoughts were like the fumes of frankincense<br> +Which from a golden censer forth doth rise.<br> +Spenser, <i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again</i> (1591).<br> + +<p><i>Cyn'thia</i>, daughter of Sir Paul Pliant, and daughter-in-law of Lady +Pliant. She is in love with Melle'font (2 <i>syl</i>.). Sir Paul calls her +"Thy"—W. Congreve, <i>The Double Dealer</i> (1694).</p> + +<p><b>Cyn'thia Ware.</b> Auburn-haired girl living upon Lost Creek in +Tennessee, in love with Evander Price, a young blacksmith. When he is +sent to the penitentiary upon a false accusation, she labors unceasingly +for a year to obtain his pardon. A year after it is granted, she learns +that he is doing well in another State and has forgotten her. In time, +he returns, married and prosperous, and calls upon his old friends upon +Lost Creek.</p> + +"His recollections were all vague, although at<br> +some reminiscence of hers he laughed jovially,<br> +and ''lowed that in them days, Cinthy, you<br> +an' me had a right smart notion of keepin' company<br> +tergether.' He did not notice how pale<br> +she was, and that there was often a slight spasmodic<br> +contraction of her features. She was<br> +busy with her spinning-wheel, as she placidly<br> +replied: 'Yes,—'though I always 'lowed ez I<br> +counted on livin' single.'"—Charles Egbert Craddock,<br> +<i>In the Tennessee Mountains</i> (1885).<br> + +<p><b>Cyp'rian</b> <i>(A)</i>, a woman of loose morals; so called from the island +Cyprus, a chief seat of the worship of Venus or Cyp'ria.</p> + +<p><i>Cyp'rian (Brother)</i>, a Dominican monk at the monastery of +Holyrood.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Cyrena'ic Shell</b> <i>(The)</i>, the lyre or strain of Callini'achos, a +Greek poet of Alexandria, in Egypt. Six of his hymns in hexameter verse +are still extant.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">For you the Cyrenaic shell</span><br> +Behold I touch revering.<br> +<br> +Akenside, <i>Hymn to the Naiads</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Cyr'ic</b> <i>(St.)</i>, the saint to whom sailors +address themselves. The St. Elmo of the +Welsh.</p> + +The weary mariners<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Called on St. Cyric's aid.</span><br> +Southey, <i>Madoc</i>, i. 4 (1805).<br> + +<p><b>Cyrus and Tom'yris.</b> Cyrus, after subduing the eastern parts of +Asia, was defeated by Tomyris queen of the Massage'tae, in Scythia. +Tomyris cut off his head, and threw it into a vessel filled with human +blood, saying, as she did so, "There, drink thy fill." Dantê refers to +this incident in his <i>Purgatory</i>, xii.</p> + +Consyder Syrus ...<br> +He whose huge power no man might overthrowe,<br> +Tom'yris Queen with great despite hath slowe,<br> +His head dismembered from his mangled corps<br> +Herself she cast into a vessel fraught<br> +With clotted bloud of them that felt her force.<br> +And with these words a just reward she taught—<br> +"Drynke now thy fyll of thy desired draught."<br> +T. Sackville, <i>A Mirrour for Magistraytes</i><br> +("The Complaynt," 1587).<br> + +<p><b>Cythere'a,</b> Venus; so called from Cythe'ra (now <i>Cerigo</i>), a +mountainous island of Laco'nia, noted for the worship of Aphrodite (or +Venus). The tale is that Venus and Mars, having formed an illicit +affection for each other, were caught in a delicate net made by Vulcan, +and exposed to the ridicule of the court of Olympus.</p> + +He the fate [<i>May sing</i>]<br> +Of naked Mars with Cytherea chained.<br> +Akenside, <i>Hymn to the Naiads</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Cyze'nis,</b> the infamous daughter of Diomed, who killed every one +that fell into her clutches, and compelled fathers to eat their own +children.</p> + +<p><b>Czar</b> (<i>Casar</i>), a title first assumed in Russia by Ivan III., who, +in 1472, married a princess of the imperial Byzantine line. He also +introduced the double-headed black eagle of Byzantium as the national +symbol. The official style of the Russian autocrat is <i>Samoderjetz</i>. +<b>D'acunha</b> (<i>Teresa</i>), waiting-woman to the countess of +Glenallan.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Antiquary</i> (time, George III.).</p> + +<p><b><img border="0" src="images/D.jpg" align="left" width="167" height="176" alt="d.jpg"></b></p> + +<p> </p> + +<p> </p> + +<p> </p> + +<p><b>affodil.</b> When Perseph'onê, the daughter of Deme'ter, was a little +maiden, she wandered about the meadows of Enna in Sicily, to gather +<i>white</i> daffodils to wreathe into her hair, and being tired she fell +asleep. Pluto, the god of the infernal regions, carried her off to +become his wife, and his touch turned the white flowers to a golden +yellow. Some remained in her tresses till she reached the meadows of +Acheron, and falling off there grew into the asphodel, with which the +meadows thenceforth abounded.</p> + +She stepped upon Sicilian grass,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Demeter's daughter, fresh and fair,</span><br> +A child of light, a radiant lass,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And gamesome as the morning air.</span><br> +The daffodils were fair to see,<br> +They nodded lightly on the lea;<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Persephonê! Persephonê!</span><br> +<br> +Jean Ingelow, <i>Persephone</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Dagon</b>, sixth in order of the hierarchy of hell: (1) Satan, (2) +Beëlzebub, (3) Moloch, (4) Chemos, (5) Thammuz, (6) Dagon. Dagon was +half man and half fish. He was worshipped in Ashdod, Gath, Ascalon, +Ekron, and Gaza (the five chief cities of the Philistines). When the +"ark" was placed in his temple, Dagon fell, and the palms of his hands +were broken off.</p> + +Next came ...<br> +Dagon ... sea-monster, upward man<br> +And downward fish.<br> +<br> +Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 457, etc. (1665).<br> + +<p><b>Dag'onet</b> (<i>Sir</i>), King Arthur's fool. One day Sir Dagonet, with two +squires, came to Cornwall, and as they drew near a well Sir Tristram +soused them all three in, and dripping wet made them mount their horses +and ride off, amid the jeers of the spectators (pt. ii. 60).</p> + +King Arthur loved Sir Dagonet passing well,<br> +and made him knight; with his own hands; and<br> +at every tournament he made King Arthur<br> +laugh.—Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>.<br> +ii. 97 (1470).<br> + +<p>Justice Shallow brags that he once personated Sir Dagonet, while he was +a student at Clement's Inn.—Shakespeare, 2 <i>Henry IV</i>. act ii. sc. 2 +(1598).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Tennyson deviates in this, as he does in so many other instances, +from the old romance. The <i>History</i> says that King Arthur made Dagonet +knight "with his own hands," because he "loved him passing well;" but +Tennyson says that Sir Gawain made him "a mock-knight of the Round +Table."—<i>The Last Tournament</i>, 1.</p> + +<p><b>Daisy Miller.</b> Mrs. Miller, <i>nouvelle riche</i> and in true American +subjection to her children, is travelling abroad. Her only daughter is +pretty, unconventional, and so bent upon having "a good time" that she +falls under the most degrading suspicions. The climax of flirtation and +escapade is a midnight expedition to the Colosseum, where she contracts +Roman fever and dies.—Henry James, Jr., <i>Daisy Miller</i> (1878).</p> + +<p><b>Dal'dah,</b> Mahomet's favorite white mule.</p> + +<p><b>Dales</b> (<i>The</i>), a family in Ashurst, where is laid the scene of +<i>John Ward, Preacher</i>: By Margaret Deland. The wife is prim and +dictatorial, a pattern housewife, with decided views upon all subjects, +including religion and matrimony. The husband wears a cashmere +dressing-gown, and spreads a red handkerchief over his white hair to +protect his white head from draughts; reads "A Sentimental Journey;" +looks at his wife before expressing an opinion, and makes an excellent +fourth at whist (1888).</p> + +<p><b>Dalga</b>, a Lombard harlot, who tries to seduce young Goltho, but +Goltho is saved by his friend Ulfinore.—Sir W. Davenant, <i>Gondibert</i> +(died 1668).</p> + +<p><b>Dalgarno</b> (<i>Lord Malcolm of</i>), a profligate young nobleman, son of +the earl of Huntinglen (an old Scotch noble family). Nigel strikes +Dalgarno with his sword, and is obliged to seek refuge in "Alsatia." +Lord Dalgarno's villainy to the Lady Hermïonê excites the displeasure of +King James, and he would have been banished if he had not married her. +After this, Lord Dalgarno carries off the wife of John Christie, the +ship-owner, and is shot by Captain Colepepper, the Alsatian bully.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Fortunes of Nigel</i> (time, James I.).</p> + +<p><b>Dalgetty</b> (<i>Dugald</i>,) of Drumthwacket, the union of the soldado with +the pedantic student of Mareschal College. As a soldier of fortune, he +is retained in the service of the Earl of Monteith. The Marquis of +Argyll (leader of the parliamentary army) tried to tamper with him in +prison, but Dugald siezed him, threw him down, and then made his escape, +locking the marquis in the dungeon. After the battle, Captain Dalgetty +was knighted. This "Ritt-master" is a pedant, very conceited, full of +vulgar assurance, with a good stock of worldly knowledge, a student of +divinity, and a soldier who lets his sword out to the highest bidder. +The character is original and well drawn.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Legend of +Montrose</i> (time, Charles I.).</p> + +<p>The original of this character was Munro, who wrote an account of the +campaigns of that band of Scotch and English auxiliaries in the island +of Swinemünde, in 1630. Munro was himself one of the band. Dugald +Dalgetty is one of the best of Scott's characters.</p> + +<p><b>Dalton</b> (<i>Mrs.</i>), housekeeper to the Rev. Mr. Staunton, of +Willingham Rectory.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George +II.).</p> + +<p><i>Dalton (Beginald)</i>, the hero of a novel so called, by J. C. Lockhart +(1832).</p> + +<p><b>Dalzell</b> (<i>General Thomas</i>), in the royal army of Charles II.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Old Mortality</i> (1816).</p> + +<p><b>Dame du Lac</b>, Vivienne le Fay. The lake was "en la marche de la +petite Bretaigne;" "en ce lieu ... avoit la dame moult de belles maisons +et moult riches."</p> + +<p><i>Dame du Lac</i>, Sebille (2 <i>syl</i>.). Her castle was surrounded by a river +on which rested so thick a fog that no eye could see across it. +Alexander the Great abode a fortnight with this fay, to be cured of his +wounds, and King Arthur was the result of their amour. (This is not in +accordance with the general legends of this noted hero. See +ARTHUR.)—<i>Perceforest</i>, i. 42.</p> + +<p><b>Dam'ian,</b> a squire attending on the Grand-Master of the Knights +Templars.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Damiot'ti</b> (<i>Dr. Baptisti</i>), a Paduan quack, who exhibits "the +enchanted mirror" to Lady Forester and Lady Bothwell. They see therein +the clandestine marriage and infidelity of Sir Philip Forester.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Aunt Margaret's Mirror</i> (time, William III.). <b>Damis</b> +<i>[Dah.me]</i>, son of Orgon and Elmire (2 <i>syl</i>.), impetuous and +self-willed.—Molière, <i>Tartuffe</i> (1664).</p> + +<p><b>Damn with Faint Praise.</b></p> + +Damn with faint praise, assent with evil leer,<br> +And without sneering, teach the rest to sneer.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Pope, <i>Prologue to the Satires</i>, 201 (1734).</span><br> + +<p><b>Damno'nii,</b> the people of Damnonium, +that is, Cornwall, Devon, Dorsetshire, and +part of Somersetshire. This region, says +Richard of Cirencester (<i>Hist.</i> vi. 18), was +much frequented by the Phoenician, Greek, +and Gallic merchants, for the metals with +which it abounded, and particularly for its +tin.</p> + +Wherein our Devonshire now and fartherest Cornwal are,<br> +The old Danmonii [<i>sic</i>] dwelt.<br> +Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xvi. (1613).<br> + +<p><b>Damaris Wainright.</b> A woman richly endowed by Nature and fortune, +whose mother and brother have died insane. She comes to maidenly +maturity under the impression which strengthens into belief that madness +is her heritage. After long struggles she accepts the hand of one who +has striven steadily to combat what he considers a morbid conviction, +and makes ready for her marriage. When dressed for the ceremony she sits +down to await her bridegroom, and the image of herself in a tarnished +mirror suggests a train of melancholy musing that result in dementia.</p> + +"With a mad impulse to flee she sprang to her<br> +feet just as Lincoln knocked.... For an instant<br> +her failing reason struggled to consciousness<br> +as a drowning swimmer writhes a last time<br> +to the surface, and gasps a breath only to give it<br> +up in futile bubbles that mark the spot where he<br> +sank. With a supreme effort her vanquished<br> +will for a moment re-asserted itself. She knew<br> +her lover was at the door, and she knew also<br> +that the feet of doom had been swifter than those<br> +of the bridegroom.... She sprang forward<br> +and threw open the door."<br> +<br> +"'I am mad!' she shrieked, in a voice which<br> +pierced to every corner of the old mansion."<br> + +<p>Arlo Bates, <i>The Wheel of Fire</i>, (1885).</p> + +<p><b>Dam'ocles</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a sycophant, in the court of Dionys'ius <i>the +Elder</i>, of Syracuse. After extolling the felicity of princes, Dionysius +told him he would give him experimental proof thereof. Accordingly he +had the courtier arrayed in royal robes and seated at a sumptuous +banquet, but overhead was a sword suspended by a single horsehair, and +Damocles was afraid to stir, lest the hair should break and the sword +fall on him. Dionysius thus intimated that the lives of kings are +threatened every hour of the day.—Cicero.</p> + +Let us who have not our names in the Red<br> +Book console ourselves by thinking comfortably<br> +how miserable our betters may be, and that<br> +Damocles, who sits on satin cushions, and is<br> +served on gold plate, has an awful sword hanging<br> +over his head, in the shape of a bailiff, or<br> +hereditary disease, or family secret.—Thackeray,<br> +<i>Vanity Fair</i>, xlvii. (1848).<br> + +<p><b>Damoe'tas,</b> a herdsman. Theocritos and Virgil use the name in their +pastorals.</p> + +And old Damoetas loved to hear our song.<br> +Milton, <i>Lycidas</i> (1638).<br> + +<p><b>Da'mon,</b> a goat-herd in Virgil's third <i>Eclogue</i>. Walsh introduces +the same name in his <i>Eclogues</i> also. Any rustic, swain, or herdsman.</p> + +<p><b>Damon and Delia.</b> Damon asks +Delia why she looks so coldly on him. +She replies because of his attention to +Belvidêra. He says he paid these attentions +at her own request, "to hide the +secret of their mutual love." Delia confesses +that his prudence is commendable, +but his acting is too earnest. To this he +rejoins that she alone holds his heart; and +Delia replies:</p> + +Tho' well I might your truth mistrust,<br> +My foolish heart believes you just;<br> +Reason this faith may disapprove,<br> +But I believe, because I love.<br> + +<p>Lord Lyttleton.</p> + +<p><b>Damon and Musido'ra,</b> two lovers who misunderstood each other. +Musidora was coy, and Damon thought her shyness indicated indifference; +but one day he saw her bathing, and his delicacy so charmed the maiden +that she at once accepted his proffered love.—Thomson, <i>The Seasons</i> +("Summer," 1727).</p> + +<p><b>Da'mon and Pyth'ias.</b> Damon, a senator of Syracuse, was by nature +hot-mettled, but was schooled by Pythagore'an philosophy into a Stoic +coldness and slowness of speech. He was a fast friend of the republic, +and when Dionysius was made "King" by a vote of the senate, Damon +upbraided the betrayers of his country, and pronounced Dionysius a +"tryant." For this he was seized, and as he tried to stab Dionysius, he +was condemned to instant death. Damon now craved respite for four hours +to bid farewell to his wife and child, but the request was denied him. +On his way to execution, his friend Pythias encountered him, and +obtained permission of Dionysius to become his surety, and to die in his +stead, if within four hours Damon did not return. Dionysius not only +accepted the bail, but extended the leave to six hours. When Damon +reached his country villa, Lucullus killed his horse to prevent his +return; but Damon, seizing the horse of a chance traveler, reached +Syracuse just as the executioner was preparing to put Pythias to death. +Dionysius so admired this proof of friendship, that he forgave Damon, +and requested to be taken into his friendship.</p> + +<p>This subject was dramatized in 1571 by Richard Edwards, and again in +1825 by John Banim.</p> + +<p>(The classic name of <i>Pythias</i> is "Phintias.")</p> + +<p><b>Damsel or Damoiseau</b> (in Italian, <i>donzel</i>; in Latin, <i>domisellus</i>); +one of the gallant youths domiciled in the <i>maison du roi.</i> These youths +were always sons of the greater vassals. Louis VII. <i>(le Jeune</i>) was +called "The Royal Damsel;" and at one time the royal body-guard was +called "The King's Damsells."</p> + +<p><b>Damsel of Brittany</b>, Eleanor, daughter of Godffrey (second son of +Henry II. of England). After the death of Arthur, his sister Eleanor was +next in succession to the crown, but John, who had caused Arthur's +death, confined Eleanor in Bristol Castle, where she remained till her +death, in 1241.</p> + +<p><b>D'Amville</b> (2 <i>syl</i>), "the atheist," with the assistance of +Borachio, murdered Montferrers, his brother, for his estates.—Cyril +Tourneur, <i>The Atheists Tragedy</i> (seventeenth century).</p> + +<p><b>Dam'yan</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), the lover of May (the youthful bride of +January, a Lombard knight, 60 years of age).—Chaucer, <i>Canterbury +Tales</i> ("The Merchant's Tale," 1388).</p> + +<p><b>Dan of the Howlet Hirst</b>, the dragon of the revels at Kennaquhair +Abbey.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Abbot</i> and <i>The Monastery</i> (time, +Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><b>Dan'ae,</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), an Argive princess, visited by Zeus [Jupiter] +in the form of a shower of gold, while she was confined in an +inaccessible tower.</p> + +<p><b>Danaid</b> (3 <i>syl</i>), Dan'aus had fifty daughters, called the Danaïds +or Dana'ïdês. These fifty women married the fifty sons of Ægyptus, and +(with one exception) murdered their husbands on the night of their +espousals. For this crime they were doomed in Hadês to pour water +everlastingly into sieves.</p> + +Let not your prudence, dearest, drowse or prove<br> +The Danaid of a leaky vase.<br> + +<p>Tennyson, <i>The Princess</i>, ii.</p> + +<p><b>Dancing Chancellor</b> <i>(The)</i>, Sir Christopher Hatton, who attracted +the attention of Queen Elizabeth by his graceful dancing, at a masque. +She took him into favor, and made him both Chancellor and knight of the +Garter (died 1591).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Mons. de Lauzun, the favorite of Louis XIV., owed his +fortune to his grace in dancing in the king's quadrille.</p> + +<p>Many more than one nobleman owed the favor he enjoyed at court to the +way he pointed his toe or moved his leg.—A. Dumas, <i>Taking the +Bastile.</i></p> + +<p><b>Dancing Water</b> <i>(The)</i>, from the Burning forest. This water had the +power of imparting youthful beauty to those who used it. Prince Chery, +aided by a dove, obtained it for Fairstar.</p> + +The dancing water is the eighth wonder of<br> +the world. It beautifies ladies, makes them<br> +young again, and even enriches them.—Comtesse<br> +D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> ("Princess Fairstar,"<br> +1682).<br> + +<p><b>Dandies</b> <i>(The Prince of</i>), Beau Brummel (1778-1840).</p> + +<p><b>Dandin</b> <i>(George)</i>, a rich French tradesman, who marries Ang'elique, +the daughter of Mons. le Baron de Sotenville, and has the "privilege" of +paying-off the family debts, maintaining his wife's noble parents, and +being snubbed on all occasions to his heart's content. He constantly +said to himself; in self-rebuke, <i>Vous Vavez voulu, vous Vavez voulu, +George Dandin!</i> ("You have no one to blame but yourself! you brought it +on yourself, George Dandin!")</p> + +Vous l'avez voulu, vous l'avez voulu, George<br> +Dandin! vous l'avez voulu!... vous avez juste-ment<br> +ce que vous meritez.—Molière, <i>George<br> +Dandin</i>, i. 9 (1668).<br> +<br> +"Well, <i>tu l'as voulu</i>, George Dandin," she said,<br> +with a smile, "you were determined on it, and<br> +must bear the consequences."—Percy Fitzgerald,<br> +<i>The Parvenu Family</i>, ii. 262.<br> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> There is no such phrase in the comedy as <i>Tu l'as voulu</i>, +it is always <i>Vous Vavez voulu</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Dan'dolo</b> <i>(Signor)</i>, a friend to Fazio in prosperity, but who turns +from him when in disgrace. He says:</p> + +Signor, I am paramount<br> +In all affairs of boot and spur and hose;<br> +In matters of the robe and cap supreme;<br> +In ruff disputes, my lord, there's no appeal<br> +From my irrefragibility.<br> + +<p>Dean Milman, <i>Fazio</i>, ii. I (1815).</p> + +<p><b>Dangeau</b> <i>(Jouer a la</i>), to play as good a hand at cards as +Phillippe de Courcillon, marquis de Dangeau (1638-1720).</p> + +<p><b>Dan'gerfleld</b> <i>(Captain)</i>, a hired witness in the "Popish Plot"—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Pe-veril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Dangle</b>, a gentleman bitten with the theatrical mania, who annoys a +manager with impertinent flattery and advice. It is said that Thomas +Vaughan, a playwright of small reputation, was the original of this +character.—Sheridan, <i>The Critic</i> (see act i. I), (1779).</p> + +<p><b>Dan'hasch,</b> one of the genii who did not "acknowledge the great +Solomon."</p> + +<p>When the Princess Badoura in her sleep was carried to the bed of Prince +Camaral'zaman that she might see him, Danhasch changed himself into a +flea, and bit her lip, at which Badoura awoke, saw the prince sleeping +by her side, and afterwards became his wife.—<i>Arabian Nights</i> +("Camaralzarnan and Badoura.")</p> + +<p><b>Daniel</b>, son of Widow Lackitt; a wealthy Indian planter. A noodle of +the softest mould, whom Lucy Weldon marries for his money.—Thomas +Southern, <i>Oroonoko</i> (1696).</p> + +<p><b>Dan'nischemend,</b> the Persian sorcerer, mentioned in Donnerhugel's +narrative.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Dantê and Beatrice.</b> Some say that Beatrice, in Dantê's <i>Divina +Commedia</i>, merely personifies faith; others think it a real character, +and say she was the daughter of the illustrious family of Portinari, for +whom the poet entertained a purely platonic affection. She meets the +poet after he has been dragged through the river Lethê <i>(Purgatory</i>, +xxxi), and conducts him through paradise. Beatrice Portina'ri married +Simon de Bardi, and died at the age of 24; Dante was a few months older.</p> + +Some persons say that Dante meant Theology<br> +By Beatrice, and not a mistress; I ...<br> +Deem this a commentator's phantasy.<br> + +<p>Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, iii. 11 (1820).</p> + +<p><b>Dantê and-Virgil.</b> Virgil was Dante's poetic master and is described +as conducting him through the realms depicted in the <i>Divina Commedia</i>.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> The poet married Gemma, of the powerful house of Donati. (See +LOVES).</p> + +<p><i>Dantê's Beard</i>. All the pictures of</p> + +<p>Dantê which I have seen represent him without any beard or hair on his +face at all; but in <i>Purgatory</i>, xxxi., Beatrice says to him, "Raise +thou thy beard, and lo! what sight shall do," <i>i.e.</i> lift up your face +and look about you; and he adds, "No sooner lifted I mine aspect up ... +than mine eyes <i>(encountered)</i> Beatrice."</p> + +<p><b>Dan Devereux.</b> A young Nantucket giant married to a dainty waif +rescued in infancy from the sea. He marries her because she is homeless +and seems to be in love with him. When too late, he knows that his +affections are another's, and sees his wife fascinated by a handsome +French adventurer. In an attempt to elope, the wife and her lover are +wrecked, and clinging to a spar, are overtaken by the "terrible South +Breaker—plunging and rearing and swelling, a monstrous billow, sweeping +and swooping and rocking in." Dan in later life, marries Georgia, his +first love.—Harriet Prescott Spofford, <i>The South Breaker</i> (1863).</p> + +<p><b>Danton of the Cevennes.</b> Pierre Seguier, prophet and preacher of +Magistavols, in France. He was a leader amongst the Camisards.</p> + +<p><b>Danvers</b> <i>(Charles)</i>, an embyro barrister of the Middle Temple.—C. +Selby, <i>The Unfinished Gentleman.</i></p> + +<p><b>Daph'ne</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.)., daughter of Sileno and Mysis, and sister of +Nysa. The favorite of Apollo while sojourning on earth in the character +of a shepherd lad named "Pol."—Kate O'Hara, <i>Midas</i> (a burletta, 1778).</p> + +<p>(In classic mythology Daphnê fled from the amorous god, and escaped by +being changed into a laurel.)</p> + +<p><b>Daph'nis,</b> a beautiful Sicilian shepherd, the inventor of bucolic +poetry. He was a son of Mercury, and friend both of Pan and Apollo.</p> + +<i>Daph'nis</i>, the modest shepherd.<br> +<br> +This is that modest shepherd, he<br> +That only dare salute, but ne'er could be<br> +Brought to kiss any, hold discourse, or sing,<br> +Whisper, or boldly ask.<br> +<br> +John Fletcher, <i>The Faithful Shepherdess</i>, i. 3<br> +(1610).<br> + +<p><b>Daph'nis and Chlo'e,</b> a prose pastoral love story in Greek, by +Longos (a Byzantine), not unlike the tale of <i>The Gentle Shepherd</i>, by +Allan Ramsay. Gessner has also imitated the Greek romance in his idyll +called <i>Daphnis</i>. In this lovestory Longos says he was hunting in +Lesbos, and saw in a grove consecrated to the nymphs a beautiful picture +of children exposed, lovers plighting their faith, and the incursions of +pirates, which he now expresses and dedicates to Pan, Cupid, and the +nymphs. Daphnis, of course, is the lover of Chloê.</p> + +<p><b>Dapper,</b> a lawyer's clerk, who went to Subtle "the alchemist," to be +supplied with "a familiar" to make him win in horse-racing, cards, and +all games of chance. Dapper is told to prepare himself for an interview +with the fairy queen by taking "three drops of vinegar in at the nose, +two at the mouth, and one at either ear," "to cry <i>hum</i> thrice and +<i>buzz</i> as often."—Ben Jonson, <i>The Alchemist</i> (1610).</p> + +<p><b>Dapple,</b> the donkey ridden by Sancho Panza, in Cervantês' romance of +<i>Don Quixote</i> (1605-1615).</p> + +<p><b>Darby and Joan.</b> This ballad, called <i>The Happy Old Couple</i>, is +printed in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, v. 153 (March, 1735).</p> + +<p>It is also in Plumtre's <i>Collections of Songs</i>, 152 (Camb. 1805), with +the music. The words are sometimes attributed to Prior, and the first +line favors the notion: "Dear <i>Chloe</i>, while thus beyond measure;" only +Prior always spells <i>Chloe</i> without "h."</p> + +<p>Darby and Joan are an old-fashioned, loving couple, wholly averse to +change of any sort. It is generally said that Henry Woodfall was the +author of the ballad, and that the originals were John Darby (printer, +of Bartholomew Close, who died 1730) and his wife Joan. Woodfall served +his apprenticeship with John Darby.</p> + +"You may be a Darby <i>[Mr. Hardcastle]</i>, but<br> +I'll be no Joan, I promise you."—Goldsmith, <i>She<br> +Stoops to Conquer</i>, i. 1 (1773).<br> + +<p><b>Dradu-Le'na,</b> the daughter of Foldath, general of the Fir-bolg or +Belgæ settled in the south of Ireland. When Foldath fell in battle,</p> + +His soul rushed to the vale of Mona, to<br> +Dardu-Lena's dream, by Dalrutho's stream,<br> +where she slept, returning from the chase of<br> +hinds. Her bow is near the maid, unstrung ...<br> +Clothed in the beauty of youth, the love of<br> +heroes lay. Dark-bending from ... the wood<br> +her wounded father seemed to come. He appeared<br> +at times, then hid himself in mist.<br> +Bursting into tears, she arose. She knew that<br> +the chief was low ... Thou wert the last of his<br> +race, O blue-eyed Dardu-Lena!--Ossian, <i>Temora</i>,<br> +v.<br> + +<p><b>Dargo,</b> the spear of Ossian, son of Fingal.—Ossian, <i>Calthon and +Colmal</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Dar'gonet,</b> "the Tall," son of Astolpho, and brother of Paradine. In +the fight provoked by Oswald against Duke Grondibert, which was decided +by four combatants against four, Dargonet was slain by Hugo the Little. +Dargonet and his brother were rivals for the love of Lora.—Sir Wm. +Davenant, <i>Gondibert</i>, i. (died 1668).</p> + +<p><b>Dari'us and His Horse.</b> The seven candidates for the throne of +Persia agreed that he should be king whose horse neighed first. As the +horse of Darius was the first to neigh, Darius was proclaimed king.</p> + +That brave Scythian<br> +Who found more sweetness in his horse's neighing<br> +Than all the Phrygian, Dorian, Lydian playing.<br> + +<p>Lord Brooke.</p> + +<p><b>Darlemont</b>, guardian and maternal uncle of Julio of Harancour; +formerly a merchant. He takes possession of the inheritance of his ward +by foul means, but is proud as Lucifer, suspicious, exacting, and +tyrannical. Every one fears him; no one loves him.—Thorn. Holcroft, +<i>Deaf and Dumb</i> (1785.)</p> + +<p><b>Darling</b> <i>(Grace)</i>, daughter of William Darling, lighthouse-keeper +on Longs tone, one of the Fame Islands. On the morning of September 7, +1838, Grace and her father saved nine of the crew of the <i>Forfarshire</i> +steamer, wrecked among the Fame Islands opposite Bamborough Castle +(1815-1842).</p> + +<p><b>Darnay</b> <i>(Charles)</i>, the lover and afterwards the husband of Lucie +Manette. He bore a strong likeness to Sydney Carton, and was a noble +character, worthy of Lucie. His real name was Evrémonde.—C. Dickens, <i>A +Tale of Two Cities</i> (1859.)</p> + +<p><b>Darnel</b> <i>(Aurelia)</i>, a character in Smollet's novel entitled <i>The +Adventures of Sir Launcelot Greaves</i> (1760).</p> + +<p><b>Darnley</b>, the <i>amant</i> of Charlotte [Lambert], in <i>The Hypocrite</i>, by +Isaac Bicker-staff. In Molière's comedy of <i>Tartuffe</i>, Charlotte is +called "Mariane," and Darnley is "Valère."</p> + +<p><b>Dar'-Thula,</b> daughter of Colla, and "fairest of Erin's maidens." She +fell in love with Nathos, one of the three sons of Usnoth, lord of Etha +(in Argyllshire). Cairbar, the rebel was also in love with her, but his +suit was rejected. Nathos was made commander of King Cormac's army at +the death of Cuthullin, and for a time upheld the tottering throne. But +the rebel grew stronger and stronger, and at length found means to +murder the young king; whereupon the army under Nathos deserted. Nathos +was now obliged to quit Ireland, and Dar-Thula fled with him. A storm +drove the vessel back to Ulster, where Cairbar was encamped, and Nathos, +with his two brothers, being overpowered by numbers, fell. Dar-Thula was +arrayed as a young warrior; but when her lover was slain "her shield +fell from her arm; her breast of snow appeared, but it was stained with +blood. An arrow was fixed in her side," and her dying blood was mingled +with that of the three brothers.—Ossian, <i>Dar-Thula</i> (founded on the +story of "Deirdri," i. <i>Trans, of the Gaelic Soc</i>.)</p> + +<p><b>Dar'tle</b> (<i>Rosa</i>), companion of Mrs. Steerforth. She loved Mrs. +Steerforth's son, but her love was not reciprocated. Miss Dartle is a +vindictive woman, noted for a scar on her lip, which told tales when her +temper was aroused. This scar was from a wound given by young +Steerforth, who struck her on the lip when a boy.—C. Dickens, <i>David +Copperfield</i> (1849).</p> + +<p><b>Darwin's Missing Link</b>, the link between the monkey and man. +According to Darwin, the present host of animal life began from a few +elemental forms, which developed, and by natural selection propagated +certain types of animals, while others less suited to the battle of life +died out. Thus, beginning with the larvae of ascidians (a marine +mollusc,) we get by development to fish lowly organized (as the +lancelet), thence to ganoids and other fish, then to amphibians. From +amphibians we get to birds and reptiles, and thence to mammals, among +which comes the monkey, between which and man is a MISSING LINK.</p> + +<p><b>Dashall</b> (<i>The Hon. Tom</i>), cousin of Tally-ho. The rambles and +adventures of these two blades are related by Pierce Egan (1821-1822).</p> + +<p><b>D'Asumar</b> (<i>Count</i>), an old Nestor who fancied nothing was so good +as when he was a young man.</p> + +"Alas! I see no men nowadays comparable<br> +to those I knew heretofore; and the tournaments<br> +are not performed with half the magnificence as<br> +when I was a young man...." Seeing some<br> +fine peaches served up, he observed, "In my<br> +time, the peaches were much larger than they<br> +are at present; natures degenerates every day."<br> +"At that rate," said his companion, smiling,<br> +"the peaches of Adam's time must have been<br> +wonderfully large."—Lesage, <i>Gil Blas</i>, iv. 7<br> +(1724).<br> + +<p><b>Daughter</b> (<i>The</i>), a drama by S. Knowles (1836). Marian, "daughter" +of Robert, once a wrecker, was betrothed to Edward, a sailor, who went +on his last voyage, and intended then to marry her. During his absence a +storm at sea arose, a body was washed ashore, and Robert went down to +plunder it. Marian went to look for her father and prevent his robbing +those washed ashore by the waves, when she saw in the dusk some one stab +a wrecked body. It was Black Norris, but she thought it was her father. +Robert being taken up Marian gave witness against him, and he was +condemned to death. Norris said he would save her father if she would +marry him, and to this she consented; but on the wedding day Edward +returned. Norris was taken up for murder, and Marian was saved.</p> + +<p><b>Daughter with Her Murdered Father's Head.</b> Margaret Roper, daughter +of Sir Thomas More, obtained privately the head of her father, which had +been exposed for some days on London Bridge, and buried it in St. +Dunstan's Church, Canterbury (1835). Tennyson alludes to this in the +following lines:—</p> + +Morn broadened on the borders of the dark,<br> +Ere I saw her who clasped in her last trance<br> +Her murdered father's head.<br> + +<p>The head of the young earl of Derwent-water was exposed on Temple Bar in +1716. His wife drove in a cart under the the arch, and a man, hired for +the purpose, threw the young earl's head into the cart, that it might be +decently buried—Sir Bernard Burke Mdlle. de Sombreuil, daughter of the +Comte de Sombreuil, insisted on the sharing her father's prison during +the "Reign of Terror," and in accompanying him to the guillotine.</p> + +<p><b>Dauphin</b> <i>(Le Grand</i>), Louis duc de Bourgoyne, eldest son of Louis +XIV., for whom was published the <i>Delphine Classics</i> (1661-1711).</p> + +<p><i>Dauphin (Le Petit)</i>, son of the "Grand Dauphin" (1682-1712).</p> + +<p><b>Daura</b>, daughter of Armin. She was betrothed to Armar, son of +Armart, Erath a rival lover having been rejected by her. One day, +disguised as an old grey-beard, Erath told Daura that he was sent to +conduct her to Armar, who was waiting for her. Without suspicion she +followed her guide, who took her to a rock in the midst of the sea, and +there left her. Her brother Arindal, returning from the chase, saw Erath +on the shore, and bound him to an oak; then pushing off the boat, went +to fetch back his sister. At this crisis Armar came up, and discharged +his arrow at Erath; but the arrow struck Arindal, and killed him. "The +boat broke in twain," and Armar plunged into the sea to rescue his +betrothed; but a "sudden blast from the hills struck him, and he sank to +rise no more." Daura was rescued by her father, but she haunted the +shore all night in a drenching rain. Next day "her voice grew very +feeble; it died away; and spent with grief, she expired." Ossian, <i>Songs +of Selma</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Davenant</b> (<i>Lord</i>), a bigamist. One wife was Marianne Dormer, whom +he forsook in three months. It was given out that he was dead, and +Marianne in time married Lord Davenant's son. His other wife was Louisa +Travers, who was engaged to Captain Dormer, but was told that the +Captain was faithless and had married another. When the villainy of his +lordship could be no longer concealed he destroyed himself.</p> + +<p><i>Lady Davenant</i>, one of the two wives of Lord Davenant. She was "a +faultless wife," with beauty to attract affection, and every womanly +grace.</p> + +<p><i>Charles Davenant</i>, a son of Lord Davenant, who married Marianne Dormer, +his father's wife.—Cumberland, <i>The Mysterious Husband</i> (1783).</p> + +<p><i>Davenant (Will)</i>, a supposed descendant from Shakespeare, and +Wildrake's friend,—Sir W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i> (time, the +Commonwealth).</p> + +<p><b>Davenport</b> (<i>Colonel</i>), a Revolutionary veteran who, fighting the +battle of Long Island over again in Parson Cushing's family, admits that +General Washington poured out "a terrible volley of curses."</p> + +<p>"And he swore?" objects Parson Gushing.</p> + +<p>"It was not profane swearing. It was not taking GOD'S name in vain, for +it sent us back as if we had been chased by lightning. It was an awful +hour, and he saw it. It was life or death; country or no +country."—Harriet Beecher Stowe, <i>Poganuc People</i> (1878).</p> + +<p><b>David</b>, in Dryden's satire of <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i> is meant for +Charles II. As David's beloved son Absalom rebelled against him, so the +Duke of Monmouth rebelled against his father Charles II. As Achitophel +was a traitorous counsellor to David, so was the Earl of Shaftesbury to +Charles II. As Hushaï outwitted Achitophel, so Hyde (duke of Eochester) +outwitted the Earl of Shaftesbury, etc., etc.</p> + +Auspicious prince.<br> +Thy longing country's darling and desire,<br> +Their cloudy pillar, and their guardian fire ...<br> +The people's prayer, the glad diviner's theme,<br> +The young men's vision and the old men's dream.<br> + +<p>Dryden, <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, i. (1681).</p> + +<p><i>David</i>, king of North Wales, eldest son of Owen, by his second wife. +Owen died in 1169. David married Emma Plantagenet, a Saxon princess. He +slew his brother Hoel and his half-brother Yorworth (son of Owen by his +first wife), who had been set aside from the succession in consequence +of a blemish in the face. He also imprisoned his brother Rodri, and +drove others into exile. Madoc, one of his brothers, went to America, +and established there a Welsh colony.—Southey, <i>Madoc</i> (1805).</p> + +<p><b>David Sovine.</b> Witness in a murder case in Edward Eggleston's novel +<i>The Graysons.</i> He is put upon the stand and tells a plausible story of +"the shooting," which he claims to have seen. The prosecutor then hands +him over to the prisoner's counsel, Abraham Lincoln, whose +cross-examination of the wretched man concludes thus:</p> + +<p>"Why does David Sovine go to all this trouble to perjure himself? Why +does he wish to swear away the life of that young man who never did him +any harm? Because that witness shot and killed George Lockwood himself. +I move your honor that David Sovine be arrested at once for murder!" +(1888).</p> + +<p><b>David Swan.</b> A native of New Hampshire, born of respectable parents +who has had a "classic finish" by a year at Grilmanton Academy. He lies +down to sleep at noon of a Summer's day, pillowing his head on a bundle +of clothing. While sound asleep in the shade, he is passed by many +people on the road. Five or six pause to survey the youth and comment +upon him. Awakened by the stage-coach, he mounts to the top, and bowls +away, unconscious that a phantom of Wealth, of Love and of Death had +visited him in the brief hour since he lay down to sleep.—Nathaniel +Hawthorn, <i>Twice-told Tales</i>, (1851.)</p> + +<p><i>David (St.)</i>, son of Xantus, prince of Cereticu <i>(Cardiganshire)</i> and +the nun Malearia. He was the uncle of King Arthur. St. David first +embraced the ascetic life in the Isle of Wight, but subsequently removed +to Menevia, in Pembrokeshire, where he founded twelve convents. In 577 +the archbishop of Caerleon resigned his see to him, and St. David +removed the seat of it to Menevia, which was subsequently called St. +David's and became the metropolis of Wales. He died at the age of 146, +in the year 642. The waters of Bath "owe their warmth and salutary +qualities to the benediction of this saint." Drayton says he lived in +the valley of Ewias (2 <i>syl</i>.), between the hills of Hatterill, in +Monmouthshire.</p> + +Here in an aged cell with moss and ivy grown,<br> +In which not to this day the sun hath ever shown.<br> +That reverend British saint in zealous ages past,<br> +To contemplation lived.<br> + +<p><i>Polyolbion</i>, iv. (1612.)</p> + +<p><b>David and Jonathan</b>, inseparable friends. The allusion is to David +the Psalmist and Jonathan the son of Saul. David's lamentation at the +death of Jonathan was never surpassed in pathos and beauty.—2 <i>Samuel</i>, +i. 19-27.</p> + +<p><b>Davie Debet</b>, debt.</p> + +So ofte thy neighbors banquet in thy hall,<br> +Till Davie Debet in thy parler stand,<br> +And bids thee welcome to thine own decay.<br> + +<p>G. Gascoigne, <i>Magnum Vectigal, etc</i>. (died 1775).</p> + +<p><b>Davie of Stenhonse</b>, a friend of Hobbie Elliott.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The +Black Dwarf</i> (time, Anne).</p> + +<p><b>Davies</b> (<i>John</i>), an old fisherman employed by Joshua Geddes the +quaker.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George III).</p> + +<p><b>Da'vus,</b> a plain, uncouth servitor; a common name for a slave in +Greek and Roman plays, as in the <i>Andria</i> of Terence.</p> + +His face made of brass, like a vice in a game.<br> +His gesture like Davus, whom Terence doth name.<br> + +<p>T. Tusser, <i>Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry</i>, liv. (1557).</p> + +<p><i>Davus sum, non Oedipus.</i> I am a homely man, and do not understand +hints, innuendoes, and riddles, like Oedipus. Oedipus was the Theban who +expounded the riddle of the Sphinx, that puzzled all his countrymen. +Davus was the stock name of a servant or slave in Latin comedies. The +proverb is used by Terence, <i>Andria</i>, 1, 2, 23.</p> + +<p><b>Davy</b>, the varlet of Justice Shallow, who so identifies himself with +his master that he considers himself half host half varlet. Thus when he +seats Bardolph and Page at table, he tells them they must take "his" +good will for their assurance of welcome.—Shakespeare, 2 <i>Henry IV</i>. +(1598).</p> + +<p><b>Daw</b> (<i>Sir David</i>), a rich, dunder-headed baronet of Monmouthshire, +without wit, words, or worth, but believing himself somebody, and +fancying himself a sharp fellow, because his servants laugh at his good +sayings, and his mother calls him a wag. Sir David pays his suit to Miss +[Emily] Tempest; but as the affections of the young lady are fixed on +Henry Woodville, the baron goes to the wall.—Cumberland, <i>The Wheel of +Fortune</i> (1779).</p> + +<p><i>Daw (Marjorie)</i> Edward Delaney, writing to another young fellow, John +Flemming, confined in town in August by a broken leg, interests him in a +charming girl, Marjorie Daw by name, whom he has met in his (Delaney's) +summering-place. His description of her ways, sayings and looks so works +upon the imagination of the invalid that he falls madly in love with +her—<i>without</i> sight. As soon as he can travel he rushes madly down to +"The Pines" where his friend is staying, and finds instead of Delaney a +letter:</p> + +<p>... "I tried to make a little romance to interest you, something +soothing and idyllic, and by Jove! I've done it only too well ... I fly +from the wrath to come—when you arrive! For, O, dear Jack, there isn't +any colonial mansion on the other side of the road, there isn't any +piazza, there isn't any hammock,—there isn't any Marjorie Daw!"</p> + +<p>Thomas Bailey Aldrich, <i>Marjorie Daw</i> (1873).</p> + +<p><b>Dawfyd</b>, "the one-eyed" freebooter chief.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The +Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p> + +<p><b>Dawkins</b> (<i>Jack</i>), known by the sobriquet of the "Artful Dodger." He +is one of Fagin's tools. Jack Dawkins is a young scamp of unmitigated +villainy, and full of artifices, but of a cheery, buoyant temper.—C. +Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i>, viii. (1837).</p> + +<p><b>Dawson</b> (<i>Bully</i>), a London sharper, bully, and debauchee of the +seventeenth century.—See <i>Spectator</i>, No. 2.</p> + +<p>Bully Dawson kicked by half the town, and half the town kicked by Bully +Dawson.—Charles Lamb.</p> + +<p><i>Dawson (Jemmy).</i> Captain James Dawson +was one of the eight officers belonging +to the Manchester volunteers in the service +of Charles Edward, the young pretender. +He was a very amiable young man, +engaged to a young lady of family and +fortune, who went in her carriage to witness +his execution for treason. When the +body was drawn, <i>i.e.</i> embowelled, and the +heart thrown into the fire, she exclaimed, +"James Dawson!" and expired. Shenstone +has made this the subject of a tragic +ballad.</p> + +Young Dawson was a gallant youth,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A brighter never trod the plain;</span><br> +And well he loved one charming maid,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And dearly was he loved again.</span><br> + +<p>Shenstone, <i>Jemmy Dawson</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Dawson (Phoebe)</i>, "the pride of Lammas Fair," courted by all the +smartest young men of the village, but caught "by the sparkling eyes" +and ardent words of a tailor. Phoebe had by him a child before marriage, +and after marriage he turned a "captious tyrant and a noisy sot." Poor +Phoebe drooped, "pinched were her looks, as one who pined for bread," +and in want and sickness she sank into an early tomb. This sketch is one +of the best in Crabbe's <i>Parish Register</i> (1807).</p> + +<p><b>Day</b> (<i>Justice</i>), a pitiable hen-pecked husband, who always +addresses his wife as "duck" or "duckie."</p> + +<p><i>Mrs. Day</i>, wife of the "justice," full of vulgar dignity, overbearing, +and loud. She was formerly the kitchen-maid of her husband's father; but +being raised from the kitchen to the parlor, became my lady paramount.</p> + +<p>In the comedy from which this farce is taken, "Mrs. Day" was the +kitchen-maid in the family of Colonel Careless, and went by the name of +Gillian. In her exalted state she insisted on being addressed as "Your +honor" or "Your ladyship."</p> + +<p>Margaret Woffington [1718-1760], in "Mrs. Day," made no scruples to +disguise her beautiful face by drawing on it the lines of deformity, and +to put on the tawdry habiliments and vulgar manners of an old +hypocritical city vixen.—Thomas Davies.</p> + +<p><i>Abel Day</i>, a puritanical prig, who can do nothing without Obadiah. This +"downright ass" (act i. I) aspires to the hand of the heiress +Arabella.—T. Knight, <i>The Honest Thieves</i>.</p> + +<p>This farce is a mere <i>réchauffé</i> of <i>The Committee</i>, a comedy by the +Hon. Sir R. Howard (1670). The names of "Day," "Obadiah," and "Arabella" +are the same.</p> + +<p><i>Day (Ferquhard)</i>, the absentee from the clan Chattan ranks at the +conflict.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Day of the Dupes</b>, November 11, 1630. The dupes were Marie de +Medicis, +Anne of Austria, and Gaston, duc d'Orléans, who were outwitted by +Cardinal Richelieu. The plotters had induced Louis XIII. to dismiss his +obnoxious minister, whereupon the cardinal went at once to resign the +seals of office; the king repented, re-established the cardinal, and he +became more powerful than ever.</p> + +<p><b>Days Recurrent in the Lives of Great men.</b></p> + +<p>BECKET. Tuesday was Becket's day. He was born on a Tuesday, and on a +Tuesday was assassinated. He was baptized on a Tuesday, took his flight +from Northampton on a Tuesday, withdrew to France on a Tuesday, had his +vision of martydom on a Tuesday, returned to England on a Tuesday, his +body was removed from the crypt to the shrine on a Tuesday, and on +Tuesday (April 13, 1875) Cardinal Manning consecrated the new church +dedicated to St. Thomas à Becket.</p> + +<p>CROMWELL'S day was September 3. On September 3, 1650, he won the battle +of Dunbar; on September 3, 1651, he won the battle of Worcester; on +September 3, 1658, he died.</p> + +<p>HAROLD'S day was October 14. It was his birthday, and also the day of +his death. William the Conqueror was born on the same day, and, on +October 14, 1066, won England by conquest.</p> + +<p>NAPOLEON'S day was August 15, his birthday; but his his "lucky" day, +like that of his nephew, Napoleon III., was the 2nd of the month. He was +made consul for life on August 2, 1802; was crowned December 2, 1804; +won his greatest battle, that of Austerlitz, for which he obtained the +title of "Great," December 2, 1805; married the archduchess of Austria, +April 2, 1810; etc.</p> + +<p>NAPOLEON III. The <i>coup d'état</i> was December 2, 1851. Louis Napoleon was +made emperor December 2, 1852; he opened, at Saarbrück, the +Franco-German war August 2, 1870; and surrendered his sword to William +of Prussia, September 2, 1870.</p> + +<p><b>Dazzle</b>, in <i>London Assurance</i>, by D. Boucicault.</p> + +"Dazzle" and "Lady Gay Spanker" "act<br> +themselves," and will never be dropped out of<br> +the list of acting plays.—Percy Fitzgerald.<br> + +<p><b>De Bourgo</b> (<i>William</i>), brother of the earl of Ulster and commander +of the English forces that defeated Felim O'Connor (1315) at Athunree, +in Connaught.</p> + +Why tho' fallen her brother kerne [<i>Irish infantry</i>]<br> +Beneath De Bourgo's battle stern.<br> + +<p>Campbell, <i>O'Connor's Child</i>.</p> + +<p><b>De Courcy</b>, in a romance called <i>Women</i>, by the Rev. C.R. Maturin. +An Irishman, made up of contradictions and improbabilities. He is in +love with Zaira, a brilliant Italian, and also with her unknown +daughter, called Eva Wentworth, a model of purity. Both women are +blighted by his inconstancy. Eva dies, but Zaira lives to see De Courcy +perish of remorse (1822).</p> + +<p><b>De Gard</b>, a noble staid gentleman, newly lighted from his travels; +brother of Oria'na, who "chases" Mi'rabel "the wild goose," and catches +him.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Wild-goose Chase</i> (1652).</p> + +<p><b>De l'Epèe</b> (<i>Abbe</i>). Seeing a deaf and dumb lad abandoned in the +streets of Paris, he rescues him, and brings him up under the name of +Theodore. The foundling turned out to be Julio, count of Harancour.</p> + +<p>"In your opinion, who is the greatest genius that France has ever +produced?" "Science would decide for D'Alembert, Nature [<i>would</i>] say +Buffon; Wit and Taste [<i>would</i>] present Voltaire; and Sentiment plead +for Rousseau; but Genius and Humanity cry out for De l'Epee, and him I +call the best and greatest of human creatures."—Th. Holcroft, <i>The Deaf +and Dumb</i>, iii. 2. (1785).</p> + +<p><b>De Valmont</b> (<i>Count</i>), father of Florian and uncle of Geraldine. +During his absence in the wars, he left his kinsman, the Baron +Longueville, guardian of his castle; but under the hope of coming into +the property, the baron set fire to the castle, intending thereby to +kill the wife and her infant boy. When De Valmont returned and knew his +losses, he became a wayward recluse, querulous, despondent, frantic at +times, and at times most melancholy. He adopted an infant "found in a +forest," who turned out to be his son. His wife was ultimately found, +and the villainy of Longueville was brought to light.—W. Dimond, <i>The +Foundling of the Forest.</i></p> + +<p>Many "De Valmonts" I have witnessed in fifty-four years, but have never +seen the equal of Joseph George Holman [1764-1817].—Donaldson.</p> + +<p><b>Deaf and Dumb</b> (<i>The</i>), a comedy by Thomas Holcroft. "The deaf and +dumb" boy is Julio, count of Harancour, a ward of M. Darlemont, who, in +order to get possession of his ward's property, abandons him when very +young in the streets of Paris. Here he is rescued by the Abbé De l'Epèe, +who brings him up under the name of Theodore. The boy being recognized +by his old nurse and others, Darlemont confesses his crime, and Julio is +restored to his rank and inheritance.—Th. Holcroft, <i>The Deaf and Dumb</i> +(1785).</p> + +<p><b>Dean of St. Patrick</b> (<i>The</i>), Jonathan Swift, who was appointed to +the deanery in 1713, and retained it till his death. (1667-1745).</p> + +<p><b>Deans</b> (<i>Douce Davie</i>), the cowherd at Edinburgh, noted for his +religious peculiarities, his magnanimity in affection, and his +eccentricities.</p> + +<p><i>Mistress Rebecca Deans</i>, Douce Davie's second wife.</p> + +<p><i>Jeanie Deans</i>, daughter of Douce Davie Deans, by his first wife. She +marries Reuben Butler, the Presbyterian minister. Jeanie Deans is a +model of good sense, strong affection, resolution, and +disinterestedness. Her journey from Edinburgh to London is as +interesting as that of <i>Elizabeth</i> from Siberia to Moscow, or of +Bunyan's pilgrim.</p> + +<p><i>Effie [Euphemia] Deans</i>, daughter of Douce Davie Deans, by his second +wife. She is betrayed by George [afterward Sir George] Staunton (called +<i>Geordie Robertson</i>) and imprisoned for child-murder. Jeanie goes to the +queen and sues for pardon, which is vouchsafed to her, and Staunton does +what he can to repair the mischief he has done by marrying Effie, who +thus becomes Lady Staunton. Soon after this Sir George is shot by a +gypsy boy, who proves to be his own son, and Effie retires to a convent +on the Continent.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George +II).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> J.E.Millais has a picture of Effie Deans keeping tryst with George +Staunton.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> The prototype of Jeanie Deans was Helen Walker, to whose memory Sir +W. Scott erected a tombstone in Irongray churchyard (Kirkcudbright).</p> + +<p><b>Dean</b> (Elder). Rigid and puritaincal church, official who brings a +charge of heretical opinions and blacksliding against his pastor's wife +in <i>John Ward, Preacher</i>, Margaret Deland (1888).</p> + +<p><b>Death or Mors.</b> So did Tennyson call Sir Ironside the Red Knight of +the Red Lands, who kept Lyonors (for Lionês) captive in Castle Perilous. +The name "Mors," which is Latin, is very inconsistent with a purely +British tale, and of course does not appear in the original +story.—Tennyson, <i>Idylls</i> ("Gareth and Lynette"); Sir T. Malory, +<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 134-137 (1470).</p> + +<p><b>Death from Strange Causes.</b></p> + +<p>Æschylus was killed by the fall of a tortoise on his head from the claws +of an eagle in the air.—Pliny, <i>Hist</i>. vii. 7.</p> + +<p>Agath'ocles (4 <i>syl</i>.), tyrant of Sicily, was killed by a tooth-pick, at +the age of 95.</p> + +<p>Anacreon was choked by a grape stone.—Pliny, <i>Hist</i>. vii. 7.</p> + +<p>Bassus (<i>Q. Lucilius</i>) died from the prick of a fine needle in his left +thumb.</p> + +<p>Chalchas, the soothsayer, died of laughter at the thought of his having +outlived the time predicted for his death.</p> + +<p>Charles VIII., conducting his queen into a tennis-court, struck his head +against the lintel, and it caused his death.</p> + +<p>Fabius, the Roman praetor, was choked by a single goat-hair in the milk +which he was drinking.—Pliny, <i>Hist</i>. vii. 7.</p> + +<p>Frederick Lewis, prince of Wales, died from the blow of a cricket ball.</p> + +<p>Itadach died of thirst in the harvest field, because (in observance of +the rule of St. Patrick) he refused to drink a drop of anything.</p> + +<p>Louis VI. met with his death from a pig running under his horse, and +causing it to stumble. Margutte died of laughter on seeing a monkey try +ing to pull on a pair of his boots.</p> + +<p>Philom'enes (4 <i>syl</i>.) died of laughter at seeing an ass eating the figs +provided for his own dessert.—Valerius Maximus.</p> + +<p>Placut (<i>Phillipot</i>) dropped down dead while in the act of paying a +bill.—Backaberry the elder.</p> + +<p>Quenelault, a Norman physician of Montpellier, died from a slight wound +made in his hand in the extraction of a splinter.</p> + +<p>Saufeius (<i>Spurius</i>) was choked supping up the albumen of a soft-boiled +egg.</p> + +<p>Zeuxis, the painter, died of laughter at sight of a hag which he had +just depicted.</p> + +<p><b>Death Ride</b> (<i>The</i>), the charge of the Light Brigade at Balaklava, +October 25, 1854. In this action 600 English horsemen, under the earl of +Cardigan, charged a Russian force of 5,000 calvary and six batallions of +infantry. They galloped through the battery of thirty guns, cutting down +the artillerymen, and through the calvary, but then discovered the +batallions and cut their way back again. Of the 670 who advanced to this +daring charge, not 200 returned. This reckless exploit was the result of +some misunderstanding in an order from the commander-in-chief. Tennyson +has a poem on the subject called <i>The Charge of the Light Brigade</i>.</p> + +<p>For chivalrous devotion and daring, "the Death Ride" of the Light +Brigade will not easily be paralleled.—Sir Edw. Creasy, <i>The Fifteen +Decisive Battles</i> (preface).</p> + +<p><b>Deb'on,</b> one of the companions of Brute. According to British fable, +Devonshire is a corruption of "Debon's-share", or the share of the +country assigned to Debon.</p> + +<p><b>Deborah Debbitch</b>, governante at Lady Peveril's—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Peveril of the the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Deborah Woodhouse.</b> The practical sister of the spinster pair who +cherish (respectively) a secret attachment for Mr. Dermer. Miss Deborah +is an admirable cook, and an affectionate aunt and considers that in +religion a woman ought to think just as her husband does.—Margaret +Deland, <i>John Ward, Preacher</i> (1888).</p> + +<p><b>Decem Scriptores</b>, a collection of ten ancient chronicles on English +history, edited by Twysden and John Selden. The names of the chroniclers +are Simeon of Durham, John of Hexham, Richard of Hexham, Ailred of +Rieval, Ralph De Diceto, John Brompton of Jorval, Gervase of Canterbury, +Thomas Stubbs, William Thorn of Canterbury, and Henry Knighton of +Leicester.</p> + +<p><b>December.</b> A mother laments in the</p> + +"Darkest of all Decembers<br> +Ever her life has known,"<br> + +<p>the death of two sons, one of whom fell in battle, while the other +perished at sea.</p> + +"Ah, faint heart! in thy anguish<br> +What is there left to thee?<br> +Only the sea intoning<br> +Only the wainscot-mouse<br> +Only the wild wind moaning<br> +Over the lonely house!"<br> + +<p>Thomas Bailey Aldrich, <i>Poems</i>, (1882).</p> + +<p><b>De'cius,</b> friend of Antin'ous (4 <i>syl</i>.).—Beaumont and Fletcher, +<i>Laws of Candy</i> (1647).</p> + +<p><b>Dedlock</b> <i>(Sir Leicester), bart</i>., who has a general opinion that +the world might get on without hills, but would be "totally done up" +without Dedlocks. He loves Lady Dedlock, and believes in her implicity. +Sir Leicester is honorable and truthful, but intensely prejudiced, +immovably obstinate, and proud as "county" can make a man; but his pride +has a most dreadful fall when the guilt of Lady Dedlock becomes known.</p> + +<p><i>Lady Dedlock</i>, wife of Sir Leicester, beautiful, cold, and apparently +heartless; but she is weighed down with this terrible secret, that +before marriage she had had a daughter by Captain Hawdon. This +daughter's name is Esther [Summerson] the heroine of the novel.</p> + +<p><i>Volumnia Dedlock</i>, cousin of Sir Leicester. A "young" lady of 60, given +to rouge, pearl-powder, and cosmetics. She has a habit of prying into +the concerns of others.—C. Dickens, <i>Bleak House</i> (1853).</p> + +<p><b>Dee's Spec'ulum,</b> a mirror, which Dr. John Dee asserted was brought +to him by the angels Raphael and Gabriel. At the death of the doctor it +passed into the possession of the Earl of Peterborough, at Drayton; then +to Lady Betty Grermaine, by whom it was given to John, last duke of +Argyll. The duke's grandson (Lord Frederic Campbell) gave it to Horace +Walpole; and in 1842 it was sold, at the dispersion of the curiosities +of Strawberry Hill, and bought by Mr. Smythe Pigott. At the sale of Mr. +Pigott's library, in 1853, it passed into the possession of the late +Lord Londesborough. A writer in <i>Notes and Queries</i> (p. 376, November 7, +1874) says, it "has now been for many years in the British Museum," +where he saw it "some eighteen years ago."</p> + +<p>This magic speculum is a flat <i>polished mineral, like cannel coal</i>, of a +circular form, fitted with a handle.</p> + +<p><b>Deerslayer</b> (<i>The</i>), the title of a novel by J.F. Cooper, and the +nickname of its hero, Natty or Nathaniel Bumppo. He is a model +uncivilized man, honorable, truthful, and brave, pure of heart and +without reproach.</p> + +<p><b>Deerfield.</b> The particulars of the captivity of the Williams family +of Deerfield, (Mass.), are told by John Williams, the head of the +household. The Indians entered the town before dawn Feb. 29, 1703, broke +into the house, murdered two children and a servant and carried the rest +into the wilderness. Mrs. Williams being weak from a recent illness, was +killed on the journey.—John Williams, <i>The Redeemed Captive Returning +to Zion</i> (1707).</p> + +<p><b>Defarge</b> (<i>Mons.</i>), keeper of a wine shop in the Faubourg St. +Antoine, in Paris. He is a bull-necked, good-humored, but +implacable-looking man.</p> + +<p><i>Mde. Defarge</i>, his wife, a dangerous woman, with great force of +character; everlastingly knitting.</p> + +<p>Mde. Defarge had a watchful eye that seldom seemed to look at +anything.—C. Dickens, <i>A Tale of Two Cities</i>, i. 5 (1859).</p> + +<p><b>Defender of the Faith</b>, the title first given to Henry VIII, by Pope +Leo X., for a volume against Luther, in defence of pardons, the papacy, +and the seven sacraments. The original volume is in the Vatican, and +contains this inscription in the king's handwriting; <i>Anglorum rex +Henricus, Leoni X. mittit hoc opus et fidei testem et amicitiæ</i>; +whereupon the pope (in the twelfth year of his reign) conferred upon +Henry, by bull, the title "Fidei Defensor," and commanded all Christians +so to address him. The original bull was preserved by Sir Robert Cotton, +and is signed by the pope, four bishop-cardinals, fifteen +priest-cardinals, and eight deacon-cardinals. A complete copy of the +bull, with its seals and signatures, may be seen in Selden's <i>Titles of +Honor</i>, v. 53-57 (1672).</p> + +<p><b>Defoe</b> writes <i>The History of the Plague of London</i> as if he had +been a personal spectator, but he was only three years old at the +the time (1663-1731).</p> + +<p><b>Deggial</b>, antichrist. The Mohammedan writers say he has but one eye +and one eyebrow, and on his forehead is written CAFER ("infidel")</p> + +<p>Chilled with terror, we concluded that the Deggial, with his +exterminating angels, had sent forth their plagues on the +earth.—W. Beckford, <i>Vathek</i> (1784).</p> + +<p><b>Deird'ri,</b> an ancient Irish story similar to the <i>Dar-Thula</i> of +Ossian. Conor, king of Ulster, puts to death by treachery the three sons +of Usnach. This leads to the desolating war against Ulster, which +terminates in the total destruction of Eman. This is one of the three +tragic stories of the Irish, which are: (1) The death of the children of +Touran (regarding Tuatha de Danans); (2) the death of the children of +Lear or Lir, turned into swans by Aoife; (3) the death of the children +of Usnach (a "Milesian" story).</p> + +<p><b>Dek'abrist,</b> a Decembrist, from <i>Dekaber</i>, the Russian for December. +It denotes those persons who suffered death or captivity for the part +they took in the military conspiracy which broke out in St. Petersburg +in December, 1825, on the accession of Czar Nicholas to the throne.</p> + +<p><b>Dela'da,</b> the tooth of Buddah, preserved in the Malegawa temple at +Kandy. The natives guard it with the greatest jealousy, from a belief +that whoever possesses it acquires the right to govern Ceylon. When the +English (in 1815) obtained possession of this palladium, the natives +submitted without resistance.</p> + +<p><b>Delaserre</b> (<i>Captain Philip</i>), a friend of Harry Bertram.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>De'lia,</b> Diana; so called from the island +Delos, where she was born. Similarly, +Apollo was called <i>Delius</i>. Milton says +that Eve, e'en</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 8em;">Delia's self,</span><br> +In gait surpassed and goddess-like deport,<br> +Though not as she with bow and quiver armed.<br> + +<p><i>Paradise Lost</i>, ix. 338, etc. (1665).</p> + +<p><i>Delia</i>, any female sweetheart. She is one of the shepherdesses in +Virgil's <i>Eclogues</i>. Tibullus, the Roman poet, calls his lady-love +"Delia," but what her real name was is not certain.</p> + +<p><i>Delia</i>, the lady-love of James Hammond's elegies, was Miss Dashwood, +who died in 1779. She rejected his suit, and died unmarried. In one of +the elegies the poet imagines himself married to her, and that they were +living happily together till death, when pitying maids would tell of +their wondrous loves.</p> + +<p><b>Delian King</b> (<i>The</i>). Apollo or the sun is so called in the Orphic +hymn,</p> + +Oft as the Delian king with Sirius holds<br> +The central heavens.<br> + +<p>Akenside, <i>Hymn to the Naiads</i> (1767).</p> + +<p><b>Delight of Mankind</b> (<i>The</i>), Titus the Roman emperor, A.D.40, +(79-81).</p> + +Titus indeed gave one short evening gleam,<br> +More cordial felt, as in the midst it spread<br> +Of storm and horror: "The Delight of Men."<br> + +<p>Thomson, <i>Liberty</i>, in. (1725).</p> + +<p><b>Della Crusca School,</b> originally applied in 1582 to a society in +Florence, established to purify the national language and sift from it +all its impurities; but applied in England to a brotherhood of poets (at +the close of the last century) under the leadership of Mrs. Piozzi. This +school was conspicuous for affectation and high-flown panegyrics on each +other. It was stamped out by Gifford, in <i>The Baviad</i>, in 1794, and <i>The +Moeviad</i>, in 1796. Robert Merry, who signed himself <i>Della Crusca</i>, +James Cobb, a farce-writer, James Boswell (biographer of Dr. Johnson), +O'Keefe, Morton, Reynolds, Holcroft, Sheridan, Colman the younger, Mrs. +H. Cowley, and Mrs. Robinson were its best exponents.</p> + +<p><b>Del'phine,</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), the heroine and title of a novel by Mde. de +Staël. Delphine is a charming character, who has a faithless lover, and +dies of a broken heart. This novel, like <i>Corinne</i>, was written during +her banishment from France by Napoleon I., when she travelled in +Switzerland and Italy. It is generally thought that "Delphine" was meant +for the authoress herself (1802).</p> + +<p><b>Delphine Classics</b> (<i>The</i>), a set of Latin classics edited in France +for the use of the grand dauphin (son of Louis XIV.). Huet was chief +editor, assisted by Montausier and Bossuet. They had thirty-nine +scholars working under them. The indexes of these classics are very +valuable.</p> + +<p><b>Delta</b> of <i>Blackwood</i> is D.M.Moir (1798-1851).</p> + +<p><b>Del'ville</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), one of the guardians of Cecilia. He is a man +of wealth and great ostentation, with a haughty humility and +condescending pride, especially in his intercourse with his social +inferiors.—Miss Burney, <i>Cecilia</i> (1782). <b>Deme'tia,</b> South Wales; +the inhabitants are called Demetians.</p> + +Denevoir, the seat of the Demetian king.<br> + +<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, v. (1612).</p> + +<p><b>Deme'trius,</b> a young Athenian, to whom Egeus (3 <i>syl</i>.) promised his +daughter Hermia in marriage. As Hermia loved Lysander, she refused to +marry Demetrius, and fled from Athens with Lysander. Demetrius went in +quest of her, and was followed by Helena, who doted on him. All four +fell asleep, and "dreamed a dream" about the fairies. On waking, +Demetrius became more reasonable. He saw that Hermia disliked him, but +that Helena loved him sincerely, so he consented to forego the one and +take to wife the other. When Egeus, the father of Hermia, found out how +the case stood, he consented to the union of his daughter with +Lysander.—Shakespeare, <i>Midsummer Night's Dream</i> (1592).</p> + +<p><i>Deme'trius</i>, in <i>The Poetaster</i>, by Ben Jonson, is meant for John +Marston (died 1633).</p> + +<p><i>Deme'trius</i>, (4 <i>syl</i>.), son of King Antig'onus, in love with Celia, +<i>alias</i> Enan'thê.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Humorous Lieutenant</i> +(1647).</p> + +<p><i>Deme'trius</i>, a citizen of Greece during the reign of Alexius +Comnenus.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Count Robert of Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p> + +<p><b>Demiurgus</b>, that mysterious agent which, according to Plato, made +the world and all that it contains. The Logos or "Word" of St. John's +Gospel (ch. i. I) is the demiurgus of platonizing Christians.</p> + +<p><b>Democ'ritos</b> (in Latin <i>Democritus</i>), the laughing or scoffing +philosopher, the Friar Bacon of his age. To "dine with Democ'ritos" is +to go without dinner, the same as "dining with Duke Humphrey," or +"dining with the cross-legged knights."</p> + +<p>People think that we [<i>authors</i>] often dine with Democritos, but there +they are mistaken. There is not one of the fraternity who is not welcome +to some good table.—Lesage, <i>Gil Blas</i>, xii. 7 (1735).</p> + +<p><b>Democritus Junior,</b> Robert Burton, author of <i>The Anatomy of +Melancholy</i> (1576-1640).</p> + +<p><b>Demod'ocos</b> (in Latin <i>Demodocus</i>), bard of Alcin'ous (4 <i>syl</i>.) +king of the Phæa'cians.</p> + +Such as the wise Demodicos once told<br> +In solemn songs at King Alcinous' feast,<br> +While sad Ulysses' soul and all the rest<br> +Are held, with his melodious harmony,<br> +In willing chains and sweet captivity.<br> + +<p>Milton, <i>Vacation Exercise</i> (1627).</p> + +<p><b>Dem'ogor'gon,</b> tyrant of the elves and fays, whose very name +inspired terror; hence Milton speaks of "the dreaded name of Demogorgon" +(<i>Paradise Lost</i>, ii. 965). Spenser says he "dwells in the deep abyss +where the three fatal sisters dwell" (<i>Faëry Queen</i>, iv. 2); but Ariosto +says he inhabited a splendid palace on the Himalaya Mountains. +Demogorgon is mentioned by Statius in the <i>Thebaid</i>, iv. 516.</p> + +<p>He's the first-begotten of Beëlzebub, with a face as terrible as +Demogorgon.—Dryden, <i>The Spanish Fryar</i>, v. 2 (1680).</p> + +<p><b>Demon.</b> Increase Mather tells a long and circumstantial story of +<i>The Demon at William Morse His House</i>, time of visitation being 1679. +"The true story of these strange disturbances is as yet not certainly +known," he says. "Some (as has been hinted), did suspect Morse's wife to +be guilty of witchcraft."—Increase Mather, <i>An Essay for the Eecording +of Illustrious Providences</i> (1681). <b>Demoph'oôn</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>) was +brought up by Demêter, who anointed him with ambrosia and plunged him +every night into the fire. One day, his mother, out of curiosity, +watched the proceeding, and was horror-struck; whereupon Demêter told +her that her foolish curiosity had robbed her son of immortal youth.</p> + +<p>This story is also told of Isis.—Plutarch, <i>De Isid. et +Osirid</i>., xvi. 357.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">A similar story is told of Achillês. His mother Thet'is +was taking similar precautions to render him immortal, when his father +Pe'leus (2 <i>syl</i>.) interfered.—Apollonius Rhodius, <i>Argonautic Exp</i>., +iv. 866.</p> + +<p><b>Demos'thenes of the Pulpit.</b> Dr. Thomas Rennell, dean of +Westminster, was so called by William Pitt (1753-1840).</p> + +<p><b>Dendin</b> (<i>Peter</i>), an old man, who had settled more disputes than +all the magistrates of Poitiers, though he was no judge. His plan was to +wait till the litigants were thoroughly sick of their contention, and +longed to end their disputes; then he would interpose, and his judgment +could not fail to be acceptable.</p> + +<p><i>Tenot Dendin</i>, son of the above, but, unlike the father, he always +tried to crush quarrels in the bud; consequently, he never succeeded in +settling a single dispute submitted to his judgment.—Rabelais, +<i>Pantagruel</i>, in. 41 (1545).</p> + +<p>(Racine has introduced the same name into his comedy called <i>Les +Plaideurs</i> (1669), and Lafontaine in his <i>Fables</i> 1668).</p> + +<p><b>Dennet</b> (<i>Father</i>), an old peasant at the Lists of St. George.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Dennis</b> the hangman, one of the ringleaders of the "No Popery +Riots;" the other two were Hugh, servant of the Maypole inn, and the +half-witted Barnaby Rudge. Dennis was cheerful enough when he "turned +off" others, but when he himself ascended the gibbet he showed a most +grovelling and craven spirit.—C. Dickens, <i>Barnaby Rudge</i> (1841).</p> + +<p><i>Dennis (John)</i>, "the best abused man in English literature." Swift +lampooned him; Pope assailed him in the <i>Essay on Criticism</i>; and +finally he was "damned to everlasting fame" in the <i>Dunciad</i>. He is +called "Zo'ïlus" (1657-1733).</p> + +<p><b>Dennison</b> <i>(Jenny)</i>, attendant on Miss Edith Bellenden. She marries +Cuddie Headrigg.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Old Mortality</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Dermer</b> <i>(Mr.)</i>, a little bachelor lawyer, whose face has "a +pinched, wistful look" under the curls of his brown wig. He lives in a +dreary house, with a testy housekeeper, and a timid little nephew-ward, +and spends many of his lonely hours in trying to decide if he loves Miss +Deborah Woodhouse the utilitarian, or aesthetic Miss Ruth. On his +death-bed, he gives an old daguerreotype of himself to Miss Ruth.</p> + +"Not that I have—have changed my mind,<br> +but it is not improper, I am sure that Miss Deborah's<br> +sister should give me—if she will be<br> +so good—her hand, that I may say 'goodbye'"—Margaret<br> +Deland, <i>John Ward, Preacher</i><br> +(1888).<br> + +<p><b>D'Éon de Beaumont</b> (<i>Le Chevalier</i>), a person notorious for the +ambiguity of his sex; said to be the son of an advocate. His face was +pretty, without beard, moustache, or whiskers. Louis XV. sent him as a +woman to Russia on a secret mission, and he presented himself to the +czarina as a woman (1756). In the Seven Years' War he was appointed +captain of dragoons. In 1777 he assumed the dress of a woman again, +which he maintained till death (1728-1810).</p> + +<p><b>Derby</b> (<i>Earl of</i>), third son of the Earl of Lancaster, and near +kinsman of Edward III. His name was Henry Plantagenet, and he died 1362. +Henry Plantagenet, earl of Derby, was sent to protect Guienne, and was +noted for his humanity no less than for his bravery. He defeated the +Comte de l'Isle at Bergerac, reduced Perigord, took the castle of +Auberoche, in Gascony, overthrew 10,000 French with only 1000, taking +prisoners nine earls and nearly all the barons, knights, and squires +(1345). Next year he took the fortresses of Monsegur, Montpezat, +Villefranche, Miraumont, Tonneins, Damazin, Aiguillon, and Reole.</p> + +<p>That most deserving Earl of Derby, we prefer Henry's third valiant son, +the Earl of Lancaster. That only Mars of men.</p> + +<p>Dayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xviii. (1613).</p> + +<p><i>Derby (Countess of)</i>, Charlotte de la Tremouille, Countess of Derby and +Queen of Man.</p> + +<p><i>Philip (earl of Derby)</i>, King of Man, son of the countess.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Daniel Deronda,</b> pure young fellow whose influence for good over men +and women is marvellous, and explicable only upon the principle that +virtue is mightier than vice. "You could not have seen his face +thoroughly meeting yours without believing that human creatures had done +nobly in times past and might do more nobly in time to come."—George +Eliot, <i>Daniel Deronda</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Der'rick,</b> hangman in the first half of the seventeenth century. The +crane for hoisting goods is called a derrick, from this hangman.</p> + +<p><i>Derrick (Faith).</i> The rural heroine of Susan Warner's novel <i>Say and +Seal</i> (1860).</p> + +<p><i>Derrick (Tom)</i>, quarter-master of the pirate's vessel.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>The Pirate</i> (time, William III.).</p> + +<p><b>Derry Down Triangle</b> <i>(The)</i>, Lord Castlereagh; afterwards marquis +of Londonderry; so called by William Hone. The first word is a pun on +the title, the second refers to his lordship's oratory, a triangle being +the most feeble, monotonous, and unmusical of all musical instruments. +Tom Moore compares the oratory of Lord Castlereagh to "water spouting +from a pump."</p> + +<i>Q</i>. Why is a pump like viscount Castlereigh?<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>A</i>. Because it is a slender thing of wood,</span><br> +That up and down its awkward arm doth sway,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And coolly spout, and spout, and spout away,</span><br> +In one weak, washy, everlasting flood.<br> +<br> +T. Moore.<br> + +<p><b>Dervish</b> ("<i>a poor man</i>"), a sort of religious friar or mendicant +among the Mohammedans.</p> + +<p><b>Desboroug-h</b> <i>(Colonel)</i>, one of the parliamentary +commissioners.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i> (time, Commonwealth).</p> + +<p><b>Desdemo'na,</b> daughter of Brabantio, a Venetian senator, in love with +Othello the Moor (general of the Venetian army). The Moor loves her +intensely, and marries her; but Iago, by artful villainy, induces him to +believe that she loves Cassio too well. After a violent conflict between +love and jealousy, Othello smothers her with a bolster, and then stabs +himself.—Shakespeare, <i>Othello</i> (1611.)</p> + +<p>The soft simplicity of Desdemona, confident of merit and conscious of +innocence, her artless perseverance in her suit, and her slowness to +suspect that she can be suspected, are proofs of Shakespeare's skill in +human nature.—Dr. Johnson.</p> + +<p><b>Desert Fairy</b> <i>(The)</i>. This fairy was guarded by two lions, that +could be pacified only by a cake made of millet, sugar-candy, and +crocodiles' eggs. The Desert Fairy said to Allfair, "I swear by my coif +you shall marry the Yellow Dwarf, or I will burn my crutch."—Comtesse +D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> ("The Yellow Dwarf," 1682).</p> + +<p><b>Deserted Daughter</b> <i>(The)</i>, a comedy by Holcroft. Joanna was the +daughter of Mordent, but her mother died, and Mordent married Lady Anne. +In order to do so he ignored his daughter and had her brought up by +strangers, intending to apprentice her to some trade. Item, a +money-lender, acting on the advice of Mordent, lodges the girl with Mrs. +Enfield, a crimp, where Lennox is introduced to her, and obtains +Mordent's consent to run away with her. In the interim Cheveril sees +her, falls in love with her, and determines to marry her. Mordent +repents, takes the girl home, acknowledges her to be his daughter, and +she becomes the wife of the gallant young Cheveril (1784).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> This comedy has been recast, and called <i>The Steward</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Deserter</b> <i>(The)</i>, a musical drama by Dibdin (1770). Henry, a +soldier, is engaged to Louisa, but during his absence some rumors of +gallantry to his disadvantage reach the village, and to test his love, +Louisa in pretence goes with Simkin as if to be married. Henry sees the +procession, is told it is Louisa's wedding day, and in a fit of +desperation gives himself up as a deserter, and is condemned to death. +Lousia goes to the king, explains the whole affair, and returns with his +pardon as the muffled drums begin to beat.</p> + +<p><b>Desmas.</b> The repentant thief is so called in <i>The Story of Joseph of +Arimathea</i>; but Dismas in the apocryphal <i>Gospel of Nicodemus.</i> +Longfellow, in <i>The Golden Legend</i>, calls him Dumachus. The impenitent +thief is called Gestas, but Longfellow calls him Titus.</p> + +Imparibus meritis pendent tria corpora ramis:<br> +<i>Dismas et Gesmas</i>, media est Divina Potestas;<br> +Alta petit Dismas, infelix infima Gesmas;<br> +Nos et res nostras conservet Summa Potestas.<br> +<br> +Of differing merits from three trees incline<br> +Dismas and Gesmas and the Power Divine;<br> +Dismas repents, Gesmas no pardon craves,<br> +The power Divine by death the sinner saves.<br> + +<p><b>Desmonds of Kilmallock</b> (Limerick). The legend is that the last +powerful head of this family, who perished in the reign of Queen +Elizabeth, still keeps his state under the waters of Lough Gur, that +every seventh year he re-appears fully armed, rides round the lake early +in the morning, and will ultimately return in the flesh to claim his own +again. (See BARBAROSSA.)—Sir W. Scott, <i>Fortunes of Nigel</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Despair</b> (<i>Giant</i>), lived in Doubting Castle. He took Christian and +Hopeful captive for sleeping on his grounds, and locked them in a dark +dungeon from Wednesday to Saturday, without "one bit of bread, or drop +of drink, or ray of light." By the advice of his wife, Diffidence, the +giant beat them soundly "with a crab-tree cudgel." On Saturday night +Christian remembered he had a key in his bosom, called "Promise," which +would open any lock in Doubting Castle. So he opened the dungeon door, +and they both made their escape with speed.—John Bunyan, <i>Pilgrim's +Progress</i>, i. (1678).</p> + +<p><b>Deuce is in Him</b> (<i>The</i>) a farce by George Colman, senior. The +person referred to is Colonel Tember, under which name the plot of the +farce is given (1762).</p> + +<p><b>Deuga'la,</b> says Ossian, "was covered with the light of beauty, but +her heart was the house of pride."</p> + +<p><b>Deve'ta,</b> plu. Devetas, inferior or secondary deities in Hindû +mythology.</p> + +<p><b>Devil</b> (<i>The</i>). Olivier le Daim, the tool of Louis XL, and once the +king's barber, was called <i>Le Diable</i>, because he was as much feared, +was as fond of making mischief, and was far more disliked than the +prince of evil. Olivier was executed in 1484.</p> + +<p><i>Devil (The French)</i>, Jean Bart, an intrepid French sailor, born at +Dunkirk (1650-1702).</p> + +<p><i>Devil (The White)</i>. George Castriot, surnamed "Scanderbeg," was called +by the Turks "The White Devil of Wallachia" (1404-1467).</p> + +<p><i>Devil (The Printer's)</i>. Aldus Manutius, a printer in Venice to the holy +Church and the doge, employed a negro boy to help him in his office. +This little black boy was believed to be an imp of Satan, and went by +the name of the "printer's devil." In order to protect him from +persecution, and confute a foolish superstition, Manutius made a public +exhibition of the boy, and announced that "any one who doubted him to be +flesh and blood might come forward and pinch him."</p> + +<p><i>Devil (Robert the)</i>, of Normandy; so called because his father was said +to have been an incubus or fiend in the disguise of a knight +(1028-1035).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Robert Francois Damiens is also called <i>Robert le Diable</i>, for his +attempt to assassinate Louis XV. (1714-1757).</p> + +<p><i>Devil (Son of the)</i>, Ezzeli'no, chief of the Gibelins, governor of +Vicenza. He was so called for his infamous cruelties (1215-1259).</p> + +<p><b>Devil Dick</b>, Richard Porson, the critic, (1759-1808).</p> + +<p><b>Devil on Two Sticks</b>, (<i>The</i>), that is <i>Le Diable Boiteux</i>, by +Lesage (1707). The plot of this humorous satirical tale is borrowed from +the Spanish, <i>El Diabolo Cojuelo</i>, by Gueva'ra (1635). Asmode'us (<i>le +diable boiteux</i>) perches Don Cle'ofas on the steeple of St. Salvador, +and stretching out his hand, the roofs of all the houses open, and +expose to him what is being done privately in every dwelling.</p> + +<p><i>Devil on Two Sticks (The)</i>, a farce by S. Foote; a satire on the +medical profession.</p> + +<p><b>Devil to Pay</b>, (<i>The</i>), a farce by C. Coffey. Sir John Loverule has +a termagant wife, and Zackel Jobson, a patient grissel. Two spirits +named Nadir and Ab'ishog transform these two wives for a time, so that +the termagant is given to Jobson, and the patient wife to Sir John. When +my lady tries her tricks on Jobson, he takes his strap to her and soon +reduces her to obedience. After she is well reformed, the two are +restored to their original husbands, and the shrew becomes an obedient, +modest wife (died, 1745).</p> + +<p><b>Devil's Age</b> (<i>The</i>). A wealthy man once promised to give a poor +gentleman and his wife a large sum of money if at a given time they +could tell him the devil's age. When the time came, the gentleman at his +wife's suggestion, plunged first into a barrel of honey and then into a +barrel of feathers, and walked on all fours. Presently up came his +Satanic majesty, and said, "<i>X and x</i> years have I lived," naming the +exact number, "yet never saw I an animal like this." The gentlemen had +heard enough, and was able to answer the question without +difficulty.—Rev. W. Webster, <i>Basque Legends</i>, 58 (1877).</p> + +<p><b>Devil's Chalice</b> (<i>The</i>). A wealthy man gave a poor farmer a large +sum of money on this condition: at the end of a twelvemonth he was +either to say "of what the devil made his chalice," or else give his +head to the devil. The poor farmer as the time came round, hid himself +in the crossroads, and presently the witches assembled from all sides. +Said one witch to another, "You know that Farmer So-and-so has sold his +head to the devil, for he will never know of what the devil makes his +chalice. In fact I don't know myself." "Don't you?" said the other; +"why, of the parings of finger-nails trimmed on Sundays."—The farmer +was overjoyed, and when the time came round was quite ready with his +answer.—Rev. W. Webster, <i>Basque Legends</i>, 71 (1877).</p> + +<p><b>Devil's Dyke, Brighton</b> (<i>The</i>). One day, as St. Cuthman was walking +over the South Downs, and thinking to himself how completely he had +rescued the whole country from paganism, he was accosted by his sable +majesty in person. "Ha, ha!" said the prince of darkness; "so you think +by these churches and convents to put me and mine to your ban, do you? +Poor fool! why, this very night will I swamp the whole land with the +sea." "Forewarned is forearmed," thought St. Cuthman, and hies him to +sister Celia, superior of a convent which then stood on the spot of the +present Dyke House. "Sister," said the saint, "I love you well. This +night, for the grace of God, keep lights burning at the convent windows +from midnight to day-break, and let masses be said by the holy +sisterhood." At sundown came the devil with pickaxe and spade, mattock: +and shovel, and set to work in right good earnest to dig a dyke which +should let the waters of the seas into the downs. "Fire and brim-stone!" +—he exclaimed, as a sound of voices rose and fell in sacred song—"Fire +and brim-stone! What's the matter with me?" Shoulders, feet, wrists, +loins, all seemed paralyzed. Down went mattock and spade, pickaxe and +shovel, and just at that moment the lights at the convent windows burst +forth, and the cock, mistaking the blaze for daybreak, began to crow +most lustily. Off flew the devil, and never again returned to complete +his work. The small digging he effected still remains in witness of the +truth of this legend of the "Devil's Dyke."</p> + +<p><b>Devil's Parliament</b> (<i>The</i>), the parliament assembled by Henry VI. +at Conventry, 1459. So called because it passed attainders on the duke +of York and his chief supporters.</p> + +<p><b>Devil Sacrament.</b> This blasphemous rite whereby those who would +practice witchcraft were initiated into the diabolical mysteries is +described by Deodat Lawson in 1704.</p> + +<p>"At their cursed supper they were said to have red bread and red drink, +and when they pressed an afflicted person to eat and drink thereof she +turned away her head and spit at it, and said, 'I will not eat, I will +not drink. It is blood.' ... Thus horribly doth Satan endeavor to have +his kingdom and administrations to resemble those of our Lord Jesus +Christ."—Deodat Lawson, <i>Christ's Fidelity the only Shield against +Satan's Malignity</i> (1704).</p> + +<p><b>Devonshire</b>, according to historic fable, is a corruption of +"Debon's-share." This Debon was one of the companions of Brute, the +descendent of Aene'as. He chased the giant Coulin till he came to a pit +eight leagues across. Trying to leap this chasm, the giant fell +backwards and lost his life.</p> + +... that ample pit, yet far renowned<br> +For the great leap which Debon did compel<br> +Coulin to make, being eight lugs of ground,<br> +Into the which retourning back he fell ...<br> +And Debon's share was that is Devonshire.<br> + +<p>Spenser, <i>Faery Queen</i>, ii. 10 (1590).</p> + +<p><b>De'vorgoil</b> (<i>Lady Jane</i>), a friend of the Hazlewood family.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Dewlap</b> (<i>Dick</i>), an anecdote teller, whose success depended more +upon his physiognomy than his wit. His chin and his paunch were his most +telling points.</p> + +<p>I found that the merit of his wit was founded upon the shaking of a fat +paunch, and the tossing up of a pair of rosy jowls.—Richard Steele.</p> + +<p><b>Dexter</b>, (<i>Gregory</i>), the typical Successful Man who is first +suitor, then the generous friend of Anne Douglas, in Constance Fennimore +Woolson's <i>Anne</i>.</p> + +"A little indifference to outside opinion would<br> +have made him a contented, as he was a successful<br> +man. But there was a surface of personal<br> +vanity over his better qualities which led him to<br> +desire a tribute of universal liking." (1882).<br> + +<p><b>Dhu</b> (<i>Evan</i>) of Lochiel, a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.</p> + +<p><i>Mhich-Connel Dhu</i>. or M'Ilduy, a Highland chief in the army of +Montrose.—</p> + +<p>Sir W. Scott, <i>Legend of Montrose</i> (time, Charles I.).</p> + +<p><b>Dhul'dul,</b> the famous horse of Ali, son-in-law of Mahomet.</p> + +<p><b>Dhu'l Karnein</b> ("<i>the two-horned</i>,") a true believer according to +the Mohammedan notion, who built the wall to prevent the incursions of +Gog and Magog.—<i>Al Korân</i>, xviii.</p> + +Commentators say the wall was built in this<br> +manner: The workman dug till they found<br> +water; and having laid the foundation of stone<br> +and melted brass, they built the superstructure<br> +of large pieces of iron, between which they<br> +packed wood and coal, till the whole equalled<br> +the height of the mountains [<i>of Armenia</i>]. Then<br> +setting fire to the combustibles, and by the use of<br> +bellows, they made the iron red hot, and poured<br> +molten brass over to fill up the interstices.<br> + +<p>—Al Beidawi.</p> + +<p><b>Dhu'lnun,</b> the surname of Jonah.; so called because he was +<i>swallowed by a fish</i>.</p> + +<p>Remember Dhu'lnun, when he departed in wrath, and thought that we could +not exercise our power over him.—<i>Al Korân</i>, xxi.</p> + +<p><b>Diafoirus</b> (<i>Thomas</i>), son of Dr. Diafoirus. He is a young medical +milksop, to whom Argan has promised his daughter Angelique in marriage. +Diafoirus pays his compliments in cut-and-dried speeches, and on one +occasion, being interrupted in his remarks, says, "Madame, vous m'avez +interrompu dans le milieu de ma période, et cela m'a troublé la +mémoire." His father says, "Thomas, reservez cela pour une autre fois." +Angelique loves Cléante (2 <i>syl</i>.), and Thomas Diafoirus goes to the +wall.</p> + +<p>Il n'a jamais eu l'imagination bien vive, ni ce feu d'esprit qu'on +remarque dans quelques uns,.... Lorsqui'il était petit, il n'a jamais +été ce qu'on appelle mièvre et éveille; on le voyait toujours doux, +paisible, et taciturne, ne disant jamais mot, et ne jouant jamais à tons +ces petits jeux que l'on nomme enfantins.—Molière, <i>Le Malade +Imaginaire</i>, ii.6 (1673).</p> + +<p><b>Di'amond,</b> one of three brothers, sons of the fairy Agapê. Though +very strong, he was slain in single fight by Cambalo. His brothers were +Pri'amond and Tri'amond.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iv. (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Diamond Jousts</b>, nine jousts instituted by Arthur, and so called +because a diamond was the prize. These nine diamonds were all won by Sir +Launcelot, who presented them to the queen, but Guinevere, in a tiff, +flung them into the river which ran by the palace.—Tennyson, <i>Idylls of +the King</i> ("Elaine").</p> + +<p><b>Diamond Sword</b>, a magic sword given by the god Syren to the king of +the Gold Mines.</p> +<br> + +<p>She gave him a sword made of one entire +diamond, that gave as great lustre as the sun.—Comtesse +D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> ("The Yellow +Dwarf," 1682).</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Diana</b>, the heroine and title, a pastoral of Montemayor, imitated +from the <i>Daphnis</i> and <i>Chloe</i> of Longos (fourteenth century).</p> + +<p><i>Dian'a</i>, daughter of the widow of Florence with whom Hel'ena lodged on +her way to the shrine of St. Jacques le Grand. Count Bertram wantonly +loved Diana, but the modest girl made this attachment the means of +bringing about a reconciliation between Bertram and his wife +Helena.—Shakespeare, <i>All's Well that Ends Well</i> (1598).</p> + +<p><b>Dian'a de Lascours</b>, daughter of Ralph and Louise de Lascours, and +sister of Martha, <i>alias</i> Ogari'la. Diana was betrothed to Horace de +Brienne, whom she resigns to Martha.—E. Stirling, <i>The Orphan of the +Frozen Sea</i> (1856).</p> + +<p><b>Dian'a the Inexorable.</b> (1) She slew Orion with one of her arrows, +for daring to make love to her. (2) She changed Actæon into a stag and +set her own dogs on him to worry him to death, because he chanced to +look upon her while bathing. (3) She shot with her arrows the six sons +and six daughters of Niobé, because the fond mother said she was happier +than Latona, who had only two children.</p> + +Dianae non movenda numina.<br> + +<p>Horace, <i>Epode</i>, xvii.</p> + +<p><b>Diana the Second of Salmantin,</b> a pastoral romance by Gil Polo.</p> + +<p>"We will preserve that book," said the cure, +"as carefully as if Apollo himself had been its +author."—Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I. i. 6 (1605).</p> + +<p><b>Diana</b> <i>(the Temple of</i>), at Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of +antiquity, was set on fire by Herostratos to immortalize his name.</p> + +<p><b>Diana of the Stage</b>, Mrs. Anne Brace-girdle (1663-1748).</p> + +<p><b>Dian'a's Foresters</b>, "minions of the moon," "Diana's knights," etc., +highwaymen.</p> + +Marry, then, sweet wag, when thou art king,<br> +let not us that are "squires of the night's body"<br> +be called <i>thieves</i> ... let us be "Diana's foresters,"<br> +"Gentlemen of the shade," "minions of the<br> +moon."—Shakespeare, I <i>Henry IV</i>. act i. sc. 2<br> +(1597).<br> + +<p><b>Diano'ra,</b> wife of Gilberto of Friu'li, but amorously loved by +Ansaldo. In order to rid herself of his importunities, she vowed never +to yield to his suit till he could "make her garden at midwinter as gay +with flowers as it was in summer" (meaning <i>never</i>). Ansaldo, by the aid +of a magician, accomplished the appointed task; but when the lady told +him that her husband insisted on her keeping her promise, Ansaldo, not +to be outdone in generosity, declined to take advantage of his claim, +and from that day forth was the firm and honorable friend of +Gilberto.—Bocaccio, <i>Decameron</i>, x.5.</p> + +<p>The <i>Franklin's Tale</i> of Chaucer is substantially the same story. (See +DORIGEN).</p> + +<p><b>Diarmaid</b>, noted for his "beauty spot," which he covered up with his +cap; for if any woman chanced to see it, she would instantly fall in +love with him.—Campbell, <i>Tales of the West Highlands</i> ("Diarmaid and +Grainne").</p> + +<p><b>Diav'olo</b> (<i>Fra</i>), Michele Pezza, Insurgent of Calabria +(1760-1806).—Auber, <i>Fra Diavolo</i> (libretto by Scribe, 1836).</p> + +<p><b>Dibble</b> (<i>Davie</i>), gardener at Monkbarns.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Antiquary</i> (time, George III.).</p> + +<p><i>Dibu'tades</i> (4 <i>syl</i>.), a potter of Sicyon, whose daughter traced on +the wall her lover's shadow, cast there by the light of a lamp. This, it +is said, is the origin of portrait painting. The father applied the same +process to his pottery, and this, it is said, is the origin of sculpture +in relief.</p> +<br> + +<p>Will the arts ever have a lovelier origin than +that fair daughter of Dibutades tracing the beloved +shadow on the wall!--Ouida, <i>Ariadnê</i>, i. 6.</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Dicae'a,</b> daughter of Jove, the "accusing angel" of classic +mythology.</p> + +Forth stepped the just Dicaea, full of rage.<br> +<br> +Phineas Fletcher, <i>The Purple Island</i>, vi. (1633).<br> + +<p><b>Diccon the Bedlamite</b>, a half-mad mendicant, both knave and thief. A +specimen of the metre will be seen by part of Diccon's speech:</p> + +Many amyle have I walked, divers and sundry waies,<br> +And many a good man's house have I bin at in my dais;<br> +Many a gossip's cup in my tyme have I tasted,<br> +And many a broche and spyt have I both turned and basted ...<br> +When I saw it booted nit, out at doores I hyed mee,<br> +And caught a slyp of bacon when I saw none spyd mee<br> +Which I intend not far hence, unless my purpose fayle,<br> +Shall serve for a shooing home to draw on two pots of ale.<br> +<br> +<i>Gammer Gurton's Needle</i> (1575).<br> + +<p><b>Dicil'la,</b> one of Logistilla's handmaids, noted for her +chastity.—Ariosto, <i>Orlanda Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Dick</b>, ostler at the Seven Stars inn, York.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of +Midlothian</i> (time, Greorge II.).</p> + +<p><i>Dick</i>, called "The Devil's Dick of Hellgarth;" a falconer and follower +of the earl of Douglas.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry +IV.).</p> + +<p><i>Dick (Mr.)</i>, an amiable, half-witted man, devoted to David's "aunt," +Miss Betsey Trotwood, who thinks him a prodigious genius. Mr. Dick is +especially mad on the subject of Charles I.—C. Dickens, <i>David +Copperfield</i> (1849).</p> + +<p><b>Dick Amlet</b>, the son of Mrs. Amlet, a rich, vulgar tradeswoman. Dick +assumes the airs of a fine gentleman, and calls himself Colonel Shapely, +in which character he gets introduced to Corinna, the daughter of Gripe, +a rich scrivener. Just as he is about to elope, his mother makes her +appearance, and the deceit is laid bare; but Mrs. Amlet promises to give +her son £10,000, and so the wedding is adjusted. Dick is a regular +scamp, and wholly without principle; but being a dashing young blade, +with a handsome person, he is admired by the ladies.—Sir John Vanbrugh, +<i>The Confederacy</i> (1695).</p> + +<p><b>Dick Shakebag</b>, a highwayman in the gang of Captain Colepepper (the +Alsatian bully).—Sir W. Scott, <i>Fortunes of Nigel</i> (time, James I).</p> + +<p><b>Dickson</b> (<i>Thomas</i>) farmer at Douglasdale.</p> + +<p><i>Charles Dickson</i>, son of the above, killed in the church.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Castle Dangerous</i> (time, Henry I.).</p> + +<p><b>Dicta'tor of Letters</b>, Francois Marie Arouet de Voltaire, called the +"Great Pan" (1694-1778).</p> + +<p><b>Dictionary</b> (<i>A Living</i>). Wilhelm Leibnitz (1646-1716) was so +called by George I.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Longinus was called "The Living Cyclopaedia" (213-273).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Daniel Huet, chief editor of the <i>Delphine Classics</i>, was called a +<i>Porcus Literarum</i> for his unlimited knowledge (1630-1721).</p> + +<p><b>Diddler</b> (<i>Jeremy</i>), an artful swindler; a clever, seedy vagabond, +who borrows money or obtains credit by his songs, witticisms, or other +expedients.—Kenny, <i>Raising the Wind</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Diderick</b>, the German form of Theodorick, king of the Goths. As +Arthur is the centre of British romance, and Charlemagne of French +romance, so Diderick is the central figure of the German minnesingers. +<b>Didier</b> (<i>Henri</i>), the lover of Julie Les-urques (2 <i>syl</i>.); a +gentleman in feeling and conduct, who remains loyal to his <i>fiancée</i> +through all her troubles.—Ed. Stirling, <i>The Courier of Lyons</i> (1852).</p> + +<p><b>Dido</b>, <i>daughter of Belus, king of Tyre</i>. She bought "as much land +in Africa as a bull's hide could cover," shred the hide into strings, +and enclosed a large tract. Æneas was wrecked upon her coast, and a +love affair ensued. He deserted her, and she killed herself after +watching his ship until it was out of sight.</p> + +<p><b>Die'go,</b> the sexton to Lopez the "Spanish curate."—Beaumont and +Fletcher, <i>The Spanish Curate</i> (1622).</p> + +<p><i>Die'go (Don)</i>, a man of 60, who saw a country maiden named Leonora, +whom he liked, and intended to marry if her temper was as amiable as her +face was pretty. He obtained leave of her parents to bring her home and +place her under a duenna for three months, and then either return her to +them spotless, or to make her his wife. At the expiration of the time, +he went to settle the marriage contract; and, to make all things sure, +locked up the house, giving the keys to Ursula, but to the outer door he +attached a huge padlock, and put the key in his pocket. Leander, being +in love with Leonora, laughed at locksmiths and duennas, and Diego (2 +<i>syl</i>.), found them about to elope. Being a wise man, he not only +consented to their union, but gave Leonora a handsome marriage +portion.—I. Bickerstaff, <i>The Padlock.</i></p> + +<p><b>Dies Irae.</b> The name generally given from the opening words to a +mediaeval hymn on the Last Judgment. The author is unknown, but the hymn +is now generally ascribed to a monk of the Abruzzi, in Naples, Thomas de +Celano, who died about 1255.</p> + +Dies irae, dies ilia<br> +Sol vet sseclum in favilla<br> +Teste David cum Sibylla.<br> +<br> +That Day of Wrath, that dreadful day<br> +When Heaven and Earth shall pass away,<br> +So David and the Sibyl say.<br> + +<p><b>Diet of Performers.</b></p> + +<p>BEAHAM sang on <i>bottled porter</i>.</p> + +<p>CATLEY <i>(Miss)</i> took <i>linseed tea and madeira.</i></p> + +<p>COOKE <i>(G.F.)</i> drank everything.</p> + +<p>HENDEESON, <i>gum arable and sherry</i>.</p> + +<p>INCLEDON sang on <i>madeira</i>.</p> + +<p>JOEDAN <i>(Mrs.)</i> drank <i>calves'-foot jelly and sherry.</i></p> + +<p>KEAN <i>(C.)</i> took <i>beef-tea</i> for breakfast, and preferred a <i>rump-steak</i> +for dinner.</p> + +<p>KEAN <i>(Edm.)</i> EMERY and REEVE drank <i>cold brandy-and-water.</i></p> + +<p>KEMBLE <i>(John)</i> took <i>opium</i>.</p> + +<p>LEWIS, <i>mulled wine</i> and <i>oysters</i>.</p> + +<p>MACEEADY used to eat the <i>lean of mutton-chops</i> when he acted, and +subsequently lived almost wholly on a vegetable diet.</p> + +<p>OXBERRY drank <i>tea</i>.</p> + +<p>RUSSELL <i>(Henry)</i> took a <i>boiled egg</i>.</p> + +<p>SMITH (<i>W</i>.) drank <i>coffee</i>.</p> + +<p>WOOD (<i>Mrs</i>.) sang on <i>draught porter</i>.</p> + +<p>WEENCH and HAELEY took <i>no</i> refreshment during a performance.—W. O. +Russell, <i>Representative Actors</i>. 272.</p> + +<p><b>Die'trich</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.). So Theod'oric <i>The Great</i> is called by the +German minnesingers. In the terrible broil stirred up by Queen Kriemhild +in the banquet hall of Etzel, Dietrich interfered, and succeeded in +capturing Hagan and the Burgundian King Ghinther. These he handed over +to the queen, praying her to set them free; but she cut off both their +heads with her own hands.—<i>The Niebelungen Lied</i> (thirteenth century.)</p> + +<p><i>Dietrich (John)</i>, a laborer's son of Pomerania. He spent twelve years +under ground, where he met Elizabeth Krabbin, daughter of the minister +of his own village, Rambin. One day, walking together, they heard a cock +crow, and an irresistible desire came over both of them to visit the +upper earth, John so frightened the elves by a toad, that they yielded +to his wish, and gave him hoards of wealth, with part of which he bought +half the island of Riigen. He married Elizabeth, and became founder of a +very powerful family.—Keightley, <i>Fairy Mythology</i>. (See TANHAUSER.)</p> + +<p><B>Dietz</B> <i>(Bernard).</i> Broad-shouldered giant who wears an air of +deep and gentle repose, and comes like a benediction from heaven to the +sick room of Count Hugo in Blanche Willis Howard's novel <i>The Open +Door.</i> He is a stone-mason who says with a genial laugh,</p> + +<p>"I hope if I'm lucky enough to get into the New Jerusalem they talk +about, there'll still be a little building going on, for I shouldn't +feel at home without a block of stone to clip."</p> + +<p>His grand simplicity and strong common sense medicine the morbid soul of +the more nobly-born man. His argument against the suicide Hugo +contemplates as an open door out of the world, surprises the listener +profoundly.</p> + +<p>"You see, you can never destroy anything. You can only <i>seem</i> to. The +life in us—it doesn't ask us if we want to be born,—it doesn't ask us +if we want to die. It is beyond us, and I don't believe it <i>can</i> be +destroyed" (1889).</p> + +<p><b>Dieu et Mon Droit,</b> the parole of Richard I. at the battle of Gisors +(1198).</p> + +<p><b>Diggery</b>, one of the house-servants at Strawberry Hall. Being +stage-struck, he inoculates his fellow-servants (Cymon and Wat) with the +same taste. In the same house is an heiress named Kitty Sprightly (a +ward of Sir Gilbert Pumpkin), also stage-struck. Diggery's favorite +character is "Alexander the Great," the son of "Almon." One day, playing +<i>Romeo and Juliet</i>, he turns the oven into the balcony, but, being rung +for, the girl acting "Juliet" is nearly roasted alive. (See +DIGGORY.)—J. Jackman, <i>All the World's a Stage</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Digges</b> (<i>Miss Maria</i>), a friend of Lady Penfeather; a visitor at +the Spa.—Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's Well</i> (time, George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Diggon</b> [<b>Davie</b>], a shepherd in the <i>Shephearde's Calendar</i>, by +Spenser. He tells Hobbinol that he drove his sheep into foreign lands, +hoping to find better pasture; but he was amazed at the luxury and +profligacy of the shepherds whom he saw there, and the wretched +condition of the flocks. He refers to the Roman Catholic clergy, and +their abandoned mode of life. Diggon also tells Hobbinol a long story +about Roffynn (<i>the bishop of Rochester</i>) and his watchful dog Lauder +catching a wolf in sheep's clothing in the fold.—<i>Ecl</i>. ix. (September, +1572 or 1578).</p> + +<p><b>Diggory</b>, a barn laborer, employed on state occasions for butler and +footman by Mr. and Mrs. Hardcastle. He is both awkward and familiar, +laughs at his master's jokes and talks to his master's guests while +serving. (See DIGGERY.)—Goldsmith, <i>She Stoops to Conquer</i>. (1773).</p> + +<p><i>Diggory</i> (<i>Father</i>), one of the monks of St. Botolph's Priory.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Dimanche</b>, (<i>Mons</i>.), a dun. Mons. Dimanche, a tradesman, +applies to Don Juan for money. Don Juan treats him with all imaginable +courtesy, but every time he attempts to revert to business interrupts +him with some such question as, <i>Comment se porte Madame Dimanche?</i> or +<i>Et votre petite fille Claudine comment se porte-t-ell?</i> +or <i>Le petit Colin fait-il toujours +bien du bruit avec son tambour?</i> or <i>Ét votre petit chien Brusquet, +gronde-t-il toujours aussi fort</i> ...? and, after a time, he says he is +very sorry, but he must say good-bye for the present, and he leaves +Mons. without his once stating the object of his call. (See SHUFFLETON.) +Molière, <i>Don Juan</i> (1665).</p> + +<p><b>Dimmesdale</b> <i>(Arthur).</i> Master Prynne, an English physician living +in Amsterdam, having determined to join the Massachusetts Colony, sent +his young wife Hester before him to await his coming. He was detained +two years, and on reaching Boston, the first sight that met his eyes was +his wife standing in the pillory with a young babe in her arms and with +the letter A, the mark of her shame, embroidered in scarlet on her +breast. A young clergyman, the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, regarded by +all the people as a saint, too good for earth, was earnestly exhorting +her to declare the name of the child's father, but she steadfastly +refused, and was sent back to prison. Prynne who had heard in Amsterdam +rumors of his wife's infidelity, both to discover her betrayer and to +hide his own relation to his wife, had taken the name of Roger +Chillingworth, and with eyes sharpened by jealousy and wounded pride, +soon discovered that his wife's lover was no other than Dimmesdale +himself. As a physician and under the guise of friendship he attached +himself to the minister, and pursued his ghastly search for the secret +cause that was eating away his life. How it all ended is shown in that +wonderful book where, as in a Greek drama, the fates of Arthur +Dimmesdale, Hester Prynne, Roger Chillingworth, and the love-child, +Little Pearl, are traced in lines of fire.—Nathaniel Hawthorne, <i>The +Scarlet Letter</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Dinant'</b>, a gentleman who once loved and still pretends to love +Lamira. the wife of Champernel.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Little +French Lawyer</i> (1647).</p> + +<p><b>Dinarza'de</b> (<i>4 syl</i>.), sister of Scheherazadê, Sultana of Persia. +Dinarzadê was instructed by her sister to wake her every morning an hour +before daybreak, and say, "Sister, relate to me one of those delightful +stories you know," or "Finish before daybreak the story you began +yesterday." The sultan got interested in these tales, and revoked the +cruel determination he had made of strangling at daybreak the wife he +had married the preceeding night. (See SCHEHERAZADE.)</p> + +<p><b>Dinas Emrys</b>, or "Fort of Ambrose" (<i>i.e.</i> Merlin), on the Brith, a +part of Snowdon. When Vortigern built this fort, whatever was +constructed during the day was swallowed up in the earth during the +night. Merlin (then called Ambrose or Embres-Guletic) discovered the +cause to be "two serpents at the bottom of a pool below the foundation +of the works." These serpents were incessantly struggling with each +other; one was white, and the other red. The white serpent at first +prevaled, but ultimately the red one chased the other out of the pool. +The red serpent, he said, meant the Britons, and the white one the +Saxons. At first the Saxons (or <i>white serpent</i>) prevailed, but in the +end "our people" <i>the red serpent</i> "shall chase the Saxon race beyond +the sea."—Nennius, <i>History of the Britons</i> (842).</p> + +And from the top of Brith, so high and wondrous<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">steep</span><br> +Where Dinas Emris stood, showed where<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">the serpents fought</span><br> +The white that tore the red, for whence the<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">prophet taught</span><br> +The Britons' sad decay.<br> + +<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, x, (1612).</p> + +<p><b>Dine with Duke Humphrey</b> (<i>To</i>), to have no dinner to go to. The +Duke referred to was the son of Henry IV., murdered at St. Edmundsbury, +and buried at St. Alban's. It was generally thought that he was buried +in the nave of St. Paul's Cathedral; but the monument supposed to be +erected to the duke was in reality that of John Beauchamp. Loungers, who +were asked if they were not going home to dinner, and those who tarried +in St. Paul's after the general crowd had left, were supposed to be so +busy looking for the duke's monument that they disregarded the dinner +hour.</p> + +<p><b>Diner-Out of the First Water,</b> the Rev. Sidney Smith; so called by +the <i>Quarterly Review</i> (1769-1845).</p> + +<p><b>Dingle</b> (<i>Old Dick of the</i>), friend of Hobbie Elliott of the +Heugh-foot farm.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Black Dwarf</i> (time, Anne).</p> + +<p><b>Dingwall</b> (<i>Davie</i>), the attorney at Wolfe's Hope village.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Bride of Lammermoor</i> (time William III.).</p> + +<p><b>Dinias and Dercyllis</b> (<i>The Wanderings, Adventures, and Loves of</i>), +an old Greek novel, the basis of the romance of Antonius Diog'enês in +twenty-four books and entitled <i>Incredible Things beyond Thule</i> [<i>Ta +HuperThoulen Apista</i>], a store-house from which subsequent writers have +borrowed largely. The work is not extant, but Photius gives an outline +of its contents.</p> + +<p><b>Dinmont</b> (<i>Dandy, i.e.</i> Andrew), an eccentric and humorous store +farmer at Charlie's Hope. He is called "The fighting Dinmont of +Liddesdale."</p> + +<p><i>Ailie Dinmont</i>, wife of Dandy Dinmont.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> +(time George II.).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> This novel has been dramatized by Daniel Terry.</p> + +<p><b>Dinner Bell.</b> Burke was so called from his custom of speaking so +long as to interfere with the dinner of the members (1729-1797).</p> + +<p><b>Diocle'tian,</b> the king and father of Erastus, who was placed under +the charge of the "seven wise masters" (<i>Italian version</i>).</p> + +<p>In the <i>French</i> version, the father is called +"Dolop'athos."—<i>Sandabar's Parables</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Diog'enes,</b> Greek cynic, who carried a lantern at noon, to search +for an honest man.</p> + +<p><b>Diog'enes</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), the negro slave of the cynic philosopher +Michael Agelestês (4 <i>syl</i>.).—Sir W. Scott, <i>Count Robert of Paris</i> +(time, Rufus).</p> + +<p><b>Di'omede</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), fed his horses on human flesh, and he was +himself eaten by his horse, being thrown to it by Herculês.</p> + +<p><b>Dion</b> (<i>Lord</i>), father of Euphra'sia. Euphrasia is in love with +Philaster, heir to the crown of Messi'na. Disguised as a page, Euphrasia +assumes the name of Bellario and enters the service of +Philaster.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>Philaster</i> or <i>Love Lies a-bleeding</i> +(1638).</p> + +<p>(There is considerable resemblance between "Euphrasia" and "Viola" in +Shakespeare's <i>Twelfth Night</i>, 1614).</p> + +<p><b>Dionæ'an Cæsar,</b> Julius Cæsar, who claimed descent from Venus, +called Dionê from her mother. Æneas was son of <i>Venus</i> and Anchisês.</p> + +Ecce, Dionæi processit Cæsaris astrum.<br> +<br> +Virgil, <i>Eclogues</i>, ix. 47.<br> + +<p><b>Dio'ne</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), mother of Aphroditê (<i>Venus</i>), Zeus or Jove +being the father. Venus herself is sometimes called Dionê.</p> + +Oh, bear ... thy treasures to the green recess,<br> +Where young Dionê strays; with sweetest airs<br> +Entice her forth to lend her angel form<br> +For Beauty's honored image.<br> +<br> +Akenside, <i>Pleasures of Imagination</i>, (1744).<br> + +<p><b>Dionys'ia,</b> wife of Cleon, governor of Tarsus. Periclês prince of +Tyre commits to her charge his infant daughter Mari'na, supposed to be +motherless. When her foster-child is fourteen years old, Dionysia, out +of jealousy, employs a man to murder her, and the people of Tarsus, +hearing thereof, set fire to her house, and both Dionysia and Cleon are +burnt to death in the flames,—Shakespeare, <i>Pericles, Prince of Tyre</i> +(1608).</p> + +<p><b>Dionys'ius,</b> tyrant of Syracuse, dethroned Evander, and imprisoned +him in a dungeon deep in a huge rock, intending to starve him to death. +But Euphrasia, having gained access to him, fed him from her own breast. +Timoleon invaded Syracuse, and Dionysius, seeking safety in a tomb, saw +there Evander the deposed king, and was about to kill him, when +Euphrasia rushed forward, struck the tyrant to the heart, and he fell +dead at her feet.—A. Murphy, <i>The Grecian Daughter</i> (1772).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> In this tragedy there are several gross historical errors. In act i. +the author tells us it was Dionysius the Elder who was dethroned, and +went in exile to Corinth; but the elder Dionysius died in Syracuse, at +the age of 63, and it was the <i>younger</i> Dionysius who was dethroned by +Timoleon, and went to Corinth. In act v. he makes Euphrasia kill the +tyrant in Syracuse, whereas he was allowed to leave Sicily, and retired +to Corinth, where he spent his time in riotous living, etc.</p> + +<p><i>Dionys'ius</i> [THE ELDER] was appointed sole general of the Syracusan +army, and then king by the voice of the senate. Damon "the Pythagorean" +opposed the appointment, and even tried to stab "the tyrant," but was +arrested and condemned to death. The incidents whereby he was saved are +to be found under the article DA'MON (q.v.).</p> + +<p><i>Damon and Pythias</i>, a drama by R. Edwards (1571), and another by John +Banim, in 1825.</p> + +<p><i>Dionys'ius</i> [THE YOUNGER], being banished from Syracuse, went to +Corinth and turned schoolmaster.</p> + +Corinth's pedagogue hath now<br> +Transferred his byword <i>[tyrant]</i> to thy brow.<br> +<br> +Byron, <i>Ode to Napoleon</i>,<br> + +<p><b>Dionysius the Areopagite</b> was one of the judges of the Areopagite +when St. Paul appeared before this tribunal. Certain writings, +fabricated by the neo-platonicians in the fifth century, were falsely +ascribed to him. The <i>Isido'rian Decretals</i> is a somewhat similar +forgery by Mentz, who lived in the ninth century, or three hundred years +after Isidore.</p> + +The error of those doctrines so vicious<br> +Of the old Areopagite Dionysius.<br> + +<p>Longfellow, <i>The Golden Legend</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Dioscu'ri</b> <i>(sons of Zeus</i>), Castor and Pollux. Generally, but +incorrectly, accented on the second syllable.</p> + +<p><b>Dioti'ma,</b> the priestess of Mantineia in Plato's <i>Symposium</i>, the +teacher of Soc'rates. Her opinions on life, its nature, origin, end, and +aim, form the nucleus of the dialogue. Socratês died of hemlock.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Beneath an emerald plane</span><br> +Sits Diotima, teaching him that died<br> +Of Hemlock.<br> + +<p>Tennyson, <i>The Princess</i>, iii.</p> + +<p><b>Diplomatists</b> <i>(Prince of</i>), Charles Maurice Talleyrand de Pèrigord +(1754-1838).</p> + +<p><b>Dipsas</b>, a serpent, so called because those bitten by it suffered +from intolerable thirst. (Greek, <i>dipsa</i>, "thirst.") Milton refers to it +in <i>Paradise Lost</i>, x. 526 (1665).</p> + +<p><b>Dipsodes</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), the people of Dipsody, ruled over by King +Anarchus, and subjugated by Prince Pantag'ruel (bk. ii. 28). Pantagruel +afterwards colonized their country with nine thousand million men from +Utopia (or to speak more exactly, 9,876,543,210 men), besides women, +children, workmen, professors, and peasant-laborers (bk. iii. +I).—Rabelais, <i>Pantag'ruel</i> (1545).</p> + +<p><b>Dip'sody,</b> the country of the Dipsodes (2 <i>syl), q.v.</i></p> + +<p><b>Dircæ'an Swan</b>, Pindar; so called from Dircê, a fountain in the +neighborhood of Thebes, the poet's birthplace (B.C. 518-442.)</p> + +<p><b>Dirlos</b> or <b>D'Yrlos</b> (<i>Count</i>), a paladin, the embodiment of +valor, generosity, and truth. He was sent by Charlemagne to the East, +where he conquered Aliar'dê, a Moorish prince. On his return, he found +his young wife betrothed to Celi'nos (another of Charlemagne's peers). +The matter was put right by the king, who gave a grand feast on the +occasion.</p> + +<p><b>Disastrous Peace</b> (<i>The</i>), the peace signed at Cateau-Cambrésis, by +which Henri II. renounced all claim to Gen'oa, Naples, Mil'an, and +Corsica (1559).</p> + +<p><b>Dis'mas,</b> the penitent thief; Gesmas the impenitent one.</p> + +<p><b>Distaffi'na,</b> the troth-plight wife of General Bombastês; but +Artaxaminous, king of Utopia, promised her "half a crown" if she would +forsake the general for himself—a temptation too great to be resisted. +When the general found himself jilted, he retired from the world, hung +up his boots on the branch of a tree, and dared any one to remove them. +The king cut the boots down, and the general cut the king down. Fusbos, +coming up at this crisis, laid the general prostrate. At the close of +the burlesque all the dead men jump up and join the dance, promising "to +die again to-morrow," if the audience desire it.—W. B. Rhodes, +<i>Bombastes Furioso</i> (1790.)</p> + +Falling on one knee, he put both hands on<br> +his heart and rolled up his eyes, much after the<br> +manner of Bombastes Furioso making love to<br> +Distaffina.—E. Sargent.<br> + +<p><b>Distressed Mother</b> (<i>The</i>), a tragedy by Ambrose Philips (1712). The +"distressed mother" is Androm'achê, the widow of Hector. At the fall of +Troy she and her son Asty'anax fell to the lot of Pyrrhus, king of +Epirus, Pyrrhus fell in love with her and wished to marry her, but she +refused him. At length an embassy from Greece, headed by Orestês, son of +Agamemnon, was sent to Epirus to demand the death of Astyanax, lest in +manhood he might seek to avenge his father's death. Pyrrhus told +Andromachê he would protect her son, and defy all Greece, if she would +consent to marry him; and she yielded. While the marriage rites were +going on, the Greek ambassadors fell on Pyrrhus and murdered him. As he +fell he placed the crown on the head of Andromachê, who thus became +queen of Epirus, and the Greeks hastened to their ships in flight. This +play is an English adaptation of Racine's <i>Andromaque</i> (1667).</p> + +<p>Ditchley <i>(Gaffer)</i>, one of the miners employed by Sir Geoffrey +Peveril.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Dithyrambic Poetry</b> <i>(Father of</i>), Arion of Lesbos (fl. B.C. 625).</p> + +<p><b>Ditton</b> <i>(Thomas)</i> footman of the Rev. Mr. Staunton, of Willingham +Rectory.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Divan</b> <i>(The)</i>, the supreme council and court of justice of the +caliphs. The abbassides always sat in person in this court to aid in the +redress of wrongs. It was called "a divan" from the benches covered with +cushions on which the members sat.—D'Herbelot, <i>Bibliothèque +Orientate</i>, 298.</p> + +<p><b>Dive</b> <i>[deev]</i>, a demon in Persian mythology. In the mogul's palace +at Lahore, there used to be several pictures of these dives (1 <i>syl</i>), +with long horns, staring eyes, shaggy hair, great fangs, ugly paws, long +tails, and other horrible deformities.</p> + +<p><b>Di'ver</b> (<i>Colonel</i>), editor of the <i>New York Rowdy Journal</i>, in +America. His air was that of a man oppressed by a sense of his own +greatness, and his physiognomy was a map of cunning and conceit.—C. +Dickens, <i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i> (1844.)</p> + +<p><b>Di'ves</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), the name popularly given to the "rich man" in +our Lord's parable of the rich man and Lazarus; in Latin, <i>Divês et +Lazarus</i>.—<i>Luke</i> xvi.</p> + +<p><b>Divi'na Comme'dia,</b> the first poem of note ever written in the +Italian language. It is an epic by Dante' Alighie'ri, and is divided +into three parts: Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise. Dante' called it a +<i>comedy</i>, because the ending is happy; and his countrymen added the word +<i>divine</i> from admiration of the poem. The poet depicts a vision, in +which he is conducted, first by Virgil (<i>human reason</i>,) through hell +and purgatory; and then by Beatrice (<i>revelation</i>), and finally by St. +Bernard, through the several heavens, where he beholds the Triune God.</p> + +<p>"Hell," is represented as a funnel-shaped hollow, formed of gradually +contracting circles, the lowest and smallest of which is the earth's +centre. (See INFERNO, 1300).</p> + +<p>"Purgatory" is a mountain rising solitarily from the ocean on that side +of the earth which is opposite to us. It is divided into terraces, and +its top is the terrestrial paradise. (See PURGATORY, 1308).</p> + +<p>From this "top" the poet ascends through the seven planetary heavens, +the fixed stars, and the "primum mobile" to the empyre'an or seat of +God. (See PARADISE, 1311).</p> + +<p><b>Divine</b> (<i>The</i>), St. John the evangelist, called "John the Divine."</p> + +<p>Raphael, the painter, was called <i>Il Divino</i> (1483-1520).</p> + +<p>Luis Moralês, a Spanish painter, was called <i>El Divino</i> (1509-1586).</p> + +<p>Ferdinand de Herre'ra, a Spanish poet (1516-1595).</p> + +<p><b>Divine Doctor</b> <i>(The)</i>, Jean de Ruysbroek, the mystic (1294-1381).</p> + +<p><b>Divine Speaker</b> <i>(The)</i> Tyr'tamos, usually known as Theophrastos +("divine speaker"), was so called by Aristotle (B.C. 370-287).</p> + +<p><b>Divine Right of Kings.</b> The dogma that <i>Kings can do no wrong</i> is +based on a dictum of Hincmar Archbishop of Rheims, viz., that kings are +subject to no man so long as they rule by God's law.—<i>Hincmar's Works</i>, +i. 693.</p> + +<p><b>Divining Rod</b>, a forked branch of hazel suspended between the balls +of the thumbs. The inclination of this rod indicates the presence of +water-springs and precious metals.</p> + +Now to rivulets from the mountains<br> +Point the rods of fortune-tellers.<br> + +<p>Longfellow, <i>Drinking Song</i>.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Jacques Aymar of Crôle was the most famous of all +diviners. He lived in the latter half of the seventeenth century and the +beginning of the eighteenth. His marvellous faculty attracted the +attention of Europe. M. Chauvin, M.D., and M. Garnier, M.D., published +carefully written accounts of his wonderful powers, and both were +eye-witnesses thereof.—See S. Baring-Gould, <i>Myths of the Middle Ages</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Divinity.</b> There are four professors of divinity at Cambridge, and +three at Oxford. Those at <i>Cambridge</i> are the Hul'sean, the Margaret, +the Norrisian, and the Regius. Those at <i>Oxford</i> are the Margaret, the +Regius, and one for Ecclesiastical History.</p> + +<p><b>Divi'no Lodov'ico,</b> Ariosto, author of <i>Orlando Furioso</i> +(1474-1533).</p> + +<p><b>Dixie's Land</b>, the land of milk and honey to American negroes. Dixie +was a slave-holder of Manhattan Island, who removed his slaves to the +Southern States, where they had to work harder and fare worse; so that +they were always sighing for their old home, which they called "Dixie's +Land." Imagination and distance soon advanced this island into a sort of +Delectable Country or land of Beulah.</p> + +<p>This is but one of many explanations given of the origin of a phrase +that, during the Civil War (1861-1865) came to be applied to the +Seceding States. The song "Dixie's Land" was supposed to be sung by +exiles from the region south of Mason and Dixon's line.</p> + +"Away down South in Dixie,<br> +I wish I were in Dixie,<br> +In Dixie's Land<br> +I'd take my stand<br> +To live and die in Dixie."<br> + +<p><b>Dixon</b>, servant to Mr. Richard Vere (1 <i>syl.</i>).—Sir W. Scott, <i>The +Black Dwarf</i> (time, Anne).</p> + +<p><b>Dizzy</b>, a nickname of Benjamin Disraeli, earl of Beaconsfield +(1804-1881).</p> + +<p><b>Dja'bal,</b> son of Youssof, a sheikh, and saved by Maä'ni, in the great massacre +of the sheikhs by the Knights Hospitallers in the Spo'radês. He resolves to avenge +this massacre, and gives out that he is Hakeem', the incarnate god, their founder, +returned to earth to avenge their wrongs and lead them back to Syria. His imposture +being discovered, he kills himself, but Loys <i>[Lo'.iss]</i>, a young Breton +count, leads the exiles back to Lebanon. Djabal is Hakeem, the incarnate Dread, +The phantasm khalif, king of Prodigies.</p> + +<p>Robert Browning, <i>The Return of the Druses</i>, i.</p> + +<p><b>Dobbin</b> <i>(Captain</i>, afterwards <i>Colonel</i>), son of Sir William +Dobbin, a London tradesman. Uncouth, awkward, and tall, with huge feet; +but faithful and loving, with a large heart and most delicate +appreciation. He is a prince of a fellow, is proud and fond of Captain +George Osborne from boyhood to death, and adores Amelia, George's wife. +When she has been a widow for some ten years, he marries +her.—Thackeray, <i>Vanity Fair</i> (1848).</p> + +<p><b>Dobbs's Horse</b>, Charley Dobbs, setting off to California, gives his +best friend Theophilus an order for "a good sound family horse, not +young, but the safer for all that," that had once belonged to his +mother. He is boarding the creature on a farm in Westchester County, and +his friend is welcome to the use of him.</p> + +<p>Dobbs's Horse is the skeleton in the household in many a sense of the +word. He refuses to be fattened: he balks; he has colic and spasms; he +lies down in harness; he impales himself upon a broken rail; he keels +over upon the grass, whizzing like a capsized engine; he bites +himself—and has driven the family to the verge of insanity when Dobbs +returns and upon beholding the "noble old fellow," shouts that they have +the wrong horse! "This is one I sold long ago for fifteen +dollars!"—Mary Mapes Dodge, <i>Theophilus and Others</i> (1876).</p> + +<p><b>Dobbins</b> <i>(Humphrey)</i>, the confidential servant of Sir Robert +Bramble of Blackberry Hall, in the county of Kent. A blunt old retainer, +most devoted to his master. Under a rough exterior he concealed a heart +brimful of kindness, and so tender that a word would melt it.—George +Colman, <i>The Poor Gentleman</i> (1802).</p> + +<p><b>Dobu'ni,</b> called <i>Bodu'ni</i> by Dio; the people of Gloucestershire and +Oxfordshire. Drayton refers to them in his <i>Polyolbion</i>, xvi. (1613).</p> + +<p><b>Doctor</b> (<i>The</i>), a romance by Souther. The doctor's name is Dove, +and his horse "Nobbs."</p> + +<p><i>Doctor</i> (<i>The Admirable</i>), Roger Bacon (1214-1292).</p> + +<p><i>The Angelic Doctor</i>, Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274), "fifth doctor of the +Church."</p> + +<p><i>The Authentic Doctor</i>, Geogory of Rimini (_-1357).</p> + +<p><i>The Divine Doctor</i>, Jean Ruysbroek (1294-1381).</p> + +<p><i>The Dulcifluous Doctor</i>, Antonio Andreas, (_-1320).</p> + +<p><i>The Ecstatic Doctor</i>, Jean Ruysbroek (1294-1381).</p> + +<p><i>The Eloquent Doctor</i>, Peter Aureolus, archbishop of Aix (fourteenth +century).</p> + +<p><i>The Evangelical Doctor</i>, J. Wycliffe (1324-1384).</p> + +<p><i>The Illuminated Doctor</i>, Raymond Lully (1235-1315), or <i>Most +Enlightened Doctor</i>.</p> + +<p><i>The Invincible Doctor</i>, William Occam (1276-1347).</p> + +<p><i>The Irrefragable Doctor</i>, Alexander Hales (_-1245.)</p> + +<p><i>The Mellifluous Doctor</i>, St. Bernard (1091-1153).</p> + +<p><i>The Most Christian Doctor</i>, Jean de Gerson (1363-1429).</p> + +<p><i>The Most Methodical Doctor</i>, John Bassol(_-1347).</p> + +<p><i>The Most Profound Doctor</i>, Ægidius de Columna (_-1316).</p> + +<p><i>The Most Resolute Doctor</i>, Durand de St. Pourçain (1267-1332).</p> + +<p><i>The Perspicuous Doctor</i>, Walter Burley (fourteenth century).</p> + +<p><i>The Profound Doctor</i>, Thomas Bradwardine (_-1349).</p> + +<p><i>The Scholastic Doctor</i>, Anselm of Laon (1050-1117).</p> + +<p><i>The Seraphic Doctor</i>, St. Bonaventura (1211-1274).</p> + +<p><i>The Solemn Doctor</i>, Henry Goethals (1227-1293).</p> + +<p><i>The Solid Doctor</i>, Richard Middleton (_-1304).</p> + +<p><i>The Subtle Doctor</i>, Duns Scotus (1265-1308), or <i>Most Subtle Doctor</i>.</p> + +<p><i>The Thorough Doctor</i>, William Varro (thirteenth century).</p> + +<p><i>The Universal Doctor</i>, Alain de Lille (1114-1203); Thomas Aquinas, +(1224-1274).</p> + +<p><i>The Venerable Doctor</i>, William de Champeaux (_-1126).</p> + +<p><i>The Well-founded Doctor</i>, Ægidius Romanus (_-1316).</p> + +<p><i>The Wise Doctor</i>, John Herman Wessel (1409-1489).</p> + +<p><i>The Wonderful Doctor</i>, Roger Bacon (1214-1292).</p> + +<p><b>Doctor's Tale</b> <i>(The)</i>, in Chaucer's <i>Canterbury Tales</i>, is the +Roman story of Virginius given by Livy. This story is told in French in +the <i>Roman de la Rose</i>, ii. 74, and by Gower in his <i>Confessio Amantis</i>, +vii. It has furnished the subject of a host of tragedies: for example, +in <i>French</i>, Mairét (1628); Leclerc (1645); Campestron (1683); Chabenon +(1769); Laharpe (1786); Leblanc de Guillet (1786); Guiraud (1827); +Latour St. Ybars (1845). In <i>Italian</i>, Alfieri (1784); in <i>German</i>, +Lessing (1775); and in <i>English</i>, Knowles, (1829).</p> + +<p><b>Doctor's Wife</b> <i>(The,)</i> a novel by Miss Braddon, adapted from <i>Madam +Bovary</i>, a French novel.</p> + +<p><b>Doctors of the Church.</b> The <i>Greek</i> Church recognizes four doctors, +viz., St. Athanasius, St. Basil, St. Gregory of Nyssa, and St. John +Chrysostom. The <i>Latin</i> Church recognizes St. Augustin, St. Jerome, St. +Ambrose and St. Gregory <i>the Great</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Dodger</b> <i>(The Artful</i>), the sobriquet of Jack Dawkins, an artful +thievish young scamp, in the boy crew of Fagin the Jew villain.—C. +Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i>, viii. (1837).</p> + +<p><b>Dodington</b>, whom Thomson invokes in his <i>Summer</i>, is George Bubb +Dodington, lord Melcomb-Regis, a British statesman. Churchill and Pope +ridiculed him, while Hogarth introduced him in his picture called the +"Orders of Periwigs."</p> + +<p><b>Dod'ipol,</b> <i>(Dr.)</i>, any man of weak intellect, a dotard. Hence the +proverb, <i>Wise as Dr. Dodipoll</i>, meaning "<i>not wise at all.</i>"</p> + +<p><b>Dodon</b> or rather <b>Dodoens</b> <i>(Rembert)</i> a Dutch botanist +(1517-1585), physician to the emperors Maximilian II. and Rudolph II. +His works are <i>Frumentomm et Leguminum Historia; Florum Historia; +Purgantium Radicum Herbarum Historia; Stirpium Historia</i>; all included +under the general title of "The History of Plants."</p> + +"Of these most helpful herbs yet tell we but few,<br> +To those unnumbered sorts, of simples here that grew,<br> +Which justly to set down ee'n Dodon short doth fall."<br> + +<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xiii. (1613)</p> + +<p><b>Do'dona</b> in (Epiros), famous for the most ancient oracle in +Greece. The responses were made by an old woman called a <i>pigeon</i>, +because the Greek word <i>pelioe</i> means either old "women" or +"pigeons." According to fable, Zeus, gave his daughter Thebê two black +pigeons endowed with the gift of human speech: one flew into Libya, and +gave the responses in the temple of Ammon: the other into Epiros, where +it gave the responses in Dodona.</p> + +<p>We are told that the priestess of Dodona derived her answers from the +cooing of the sacred doves, the rustling of the sacred trees, the +bubbling of the sacred fountain and the tinkling of bells or pieces of +metal suspended among the branches of the trees.</p> + +And Dodona's oak swang lonely,<br> +Henceforth to the tempest only.<br> + +<p>Mrs. Browning, <i>Dead Pan</i>, 17.</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Dods</b> (<i>Meg</i>), landlady of the Clachan or Mowbery Arms inn at St. +Ronan's Old Town. The inn was once the manse, and Meg Dods reigned there +despotically, but her wines were good and her cuisine excellent. This is +one of the best low comic characters in the whole range of fiction.</p> + +She had hair of a brindled color, betwixt<br> +black and grey, which was apt to escape in elf-locks<br> +from under her mutch when she was thrown<br> +into violent agitation; long skinny hands terminated<br> +by stout talons, grey eyes, thin lips, a robust<br> +person, a broad though fat chest, capital<br> +wind, and a voice that could match a choir of<br> +fishwomen.—Sir W. Scott. <i>St. Ronan's Well</i>, i<br> +(time George III.).<br> + +<p>(So good a housewife was this eccentric landlady, that a cookery-book +has been published bearing her name; the authoress is Mrs. Johnstone, a +Scotchwoman.)</p> + +<p><b>Dodson,</b> a young farmer, called upon by Death on his wedding day. +Death told him he must quit his Susan and go with him. "With you!" the +hapless husband cried; "young as I am and unprepared?" Death then told +him he would not disturb him yet, but would call again after giving him +three warnings. When he was 80 years of age, Death called again. "So +soon returned!" old Dodson cried. "You know you promised me three +warnings." Death then told him that as he was "lame and deaf and blind," +he had received his three warnings.—Mrs. Thrale, [Piozzi], <i>The Three +Warnings</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Dodson and Fogg</b> (Messrs.), two unprincipled lawyers, who undertake +on their own speculation to bring an action against Mr. Pickwick for +"breach of promise" and file accordingly the famous suit of "Bardell +<i>v</i>. Pickwick."—C. Dickens, <i>The Pickwick Papers</i> (1836).</p> + +<p><b>Doe</b> <i>(John)</i> and <i>Richard Roe</i>, the fictitious plaintiff and +defendant in an action of ejectment. Men of straw.</p> + +<p><b>Doeg</b>, Saul's herdsman, who told him that the priest Abim'elech. had +supplied David with food; whereupon the king sent him to kill Abimelech, +and Doeg slew priests to the number of four score and five (1 <i>Samuel</i> +xxii. 18). In pt. ii. of the satire called <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, +Elkaneh Settle is called Doeg, because he "fell upon" Dryden with his +pen, but was only a "herdsman or driver of asses."</p> + +Doeg, tho' without knowing how or why,<br> +Made still a blundering kind of melody.<br> +Let him rail on ...<br> +But if he jumbles to one line of sense,<br> +Indict him of a capital offense.<br> + +<p>Tate, <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, ii. (1682).</p> + +<p><b>Dog</b> <i>(Agrippa's).</i> Cornelius Agrippa had a dog which was generally +suspected of being a spirit incarnate.</p> + +<p><i>Arthur's Dog</i> "Cavall."</p> + +<p><i>Dog of Belgrade</i>, the camp suttler, was named "Clumsey."</p> + +<p><i>Lord Byron's Dog</i>, "Boatswain." It was buried in the garden of Newstead +Abbey.</p> + +<p><i>Dog of Catherine de Medicis</i>, "Phoebê," a lap dog.</p> + +<p><i>Cuthullin's Dog</i> was named "Luath," a swift-footed hound.</p> + +<p><i>Dora's Dog</i>, "Jip."—C. Dickens, <i>David Copperfield.</i></p> + +<p><i>Douglas's Dog</i>, "Luffra." <i>Lady of the Lake.</i></p> + +<p><i>Erigonê's Dog</i> was "Moera." Erigonê is the constellation <i>Virgo</i>, and +Moera the star called <i>Canis</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Eurytion's Dog</i> (herdsman of Geryon), "Orthros." It had two heads.</p> + +<p><i>Fingal's Dog</i> was named "Bran."</p> + +<p><i>Geryon's Dogs</i>. One was "Gargittos" and the other "Orthros." The latter +was brother of Cerberos, but it had only two heads. Herculês killed both +of Geryon's dogs.</p> + +<p><i>Landseer's Dog</i>, "Brutus," introduced by the great animal painter in +his picture called "The Invader of the Larder."</p> + +<p><i>Llewellyn's Dog</i> was named "Gelert;" it was a greyhound. (See GELERT).</p> + +<p><i>Lord Lurgan's Dog</i> was named, "Master M'Grath," from an orphan boy who +reared it. This dog won three Waterloo cups, and was presented at court +by the express desire of Queen Victoria, the very year it died. It was a +sporting grey-hound (born 1866, died Christmas Day, 1871).</p> + +<p><i>Maria's Dog</i>, "Silvio."—Sterne, <i>Sentimental Journey.</i></p> + +<p><i>Dog of Montargis</i>. This was a dog named "Dragon," belonging to Aubri de +Montdidier, a captain in the French army. Aubri was murdered in the +forest of Bondy by his friend, Lieutenant Macaire, in the same regiment. +After its master's death the dog showed such a strange aversion to +Macaire, that suspicion was aroused against him. Some say he was pitted +against the dog, and confessed the crime. Others say a sash was found on +him, and the sword knot was recognized by Ursula as her own work and +gift to Aubri. This Macaire then confessed the crime, and his +accomplice, Lieutenant Landry, trying to escape, was seized by the dog +and bitten to death. This story has been dramatized both in French and +English.</p> + +<p><i>Orion's Dogs</i>; one was named "Arctoph'onos" and the other +"Pto-ophagos."</p> + +<p><i>Punch's Dog</i>, "Toby."</p> + +<p><i>Sir W. Scott's Dogs</i>. His deer-hound was "Maida." His jet-black +greyhound was "Hamlet." He had also two Dandy Dinmont terriers.</p> + +<p><i>Dog of the seven Sleepers</i>, "Katmir." It spoke with a human voice.</p> + +<p>In <i>Sleary's circus</i>, the performing dog is called "Merryleys."—C. +Dickens, <i>Hard Times.</i></p> + +<p>(For Actæon's fifty dogs, see <i>Dictionary of Phrase and Fable</i>, 234).</p> + +<p><i>Dog</i>. The famous <i>Mount St. Bernard</i> dog which saved forty human +beings, was named "Barry." The stuffed skin of this noble creature is +preserved in the museum at Berne.</p> + +<p><i>Dog (The)</i>, Diogenes the cynic (B.C. 412-323). When Alexander +encountered him, the young Macedonian king introduced himself with the +words, "I am Alexander, surnamed 'the Great.'" To which the philosopher +replied, "And I am Diogenês, surnamed 'the Dog.'" The Athenians raised +to his memory a pillar of Parian marble, surmounted with a dog, and +bearing the following inscription:—</p> + +"Say, dog, what guard you in that tomb?"<br> +A dog. "His name?" Diogenes. "From far?"<br> +<br> +Sinopê, "He who made a tub his home?"<br> +The same; now dead, among the stars a star.<br> + +<p><i>Dog (The Thracian)</i>, Zo'ilus the grammarian; so called for his +snarling, captious criticisms on Homer, Plato, and Isocrates. He was +contemporary with Philip of Macedon.</p> + +<p><i>Dogs</i>. The two sisters of Zobei'de (3 <i>syl</i>.) were turned into little +black dogs for casting Zobeide and "the prince" into the sea (See +ZOBEIDE).</p> + +<p><b>Dogs of War</b>, Famine, Sword, and Fire:</p> + +Then should the warlike Harry, like himself,<br> +Assume the port of Mars; and at his heels,<br> +Leashed in like hounds, should Famine, Sword, and Fire<br> +Crouch for employment.<br> + +<p>Shakespeare, <i>King Henry V</i>. I chorus (1599).</p> + +<p><b>Dog-headed Tribes</b> (of India), mentioned in the Italian romance of +<i>Gueri'no Meschi'no.</i></p> + +<p><b>Dogberry and Verges</b>, two ignorant conceited constables, who greatly +mutilate their words. Dogberry calls "assembly" <i>dissembly</i>; "treason" +he calls <i>perjury</i>; "calumny" he calls <i>burglary</i>; "condemnation" +<i>redemption</i>; "respect," <i>suspect</i>. When Conrade says, "Away! you are an +ass;" Dogberry tells the town clerk to write him down "an ass." +"Masters," he says to the officials, "remember I am an ass." "Oh, that I +had been writ down an ass!" (act. iv. sc. 2).—Shakespeare, <i>Much Ado +About Nothing</i> (1600.)</p> + +<p><b>Dogget</b>, wardour at the castle of Garde Doloureuse.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p> + +<p><b>Dogget's Coat and Badge</b>, the great prize in the Thames +rowing-match, given on the 1st of August every year. So called from +Thomas Dogget, an actor of Drury Lane, who signalized the accession of +George I. to the throne by giving annually a waterman's coat and badge +to the winner of the race. The Fishmongers' company add a guinea to the +prize.</p> + +<p><b>Doiley</b> <i>(Abraham)</i>, a citizen and retired slop-seller. He was a +charity boy, wholly without education, but made £80,000 in trade, and is +determined to have "a larned skollard for his son-in-law." He speaks of +<i>jomtry</i> [geometry], <i>joklate, jogrify, Al Mater, pinny-forty</i>, and +<i>antikary doctors</i>; talks of <i>Scratchi</i> [Gracchi], <i>Horsi</i> [Horatii], a +<i>study of horses</i>, and so on. Being resolved to judge between the rival +scholarship of an Oxford pedant and a captain in the army, he gets both +to speak Greek before him. Gradus, the scholar, quotes two lines of +Greek, in which the <i>panta</i> occurs four times. "Pantry!" cries the old +slop-seller; "you can't impose upon me. I know <i>pantry</i> is not Greek." +The captain tries English fustian, and when Gradus maintained that the +words are English, "Out upon you for a jackanapes," cries the old man; +"as if I didn't know my own mother tongue!" and gives his verdict in +favor of the captain.</p> + +<p><i>Elizabeth Doiley</i>, daughter of the old slop-seller, in love with +Captain Granger. She and her cousin Charlotte induce the Oxford scholar +to dress like a <i>beau</i> to please the ladies. By so doing he disgusts the +old man, who exclaims, "Oh, that I should ever had been such a dolt as +to take thee for a man of larnen'!" So the captain wins the race at a +canter.—Mrs. Cowley, <i>Who's the Dupe</i>?</p> + +<p><b>Doll Common</b>, a young woman in league with Subtle the alchemist and +Face his alley.—B. Jonson, <i>The Alchemist</i> (1610).</p> + +<p>Mrs. Pritchard [1711-1768] could pass from "Lady Macbeth" to "Doll +Common."—Leigh Hunt.</p> + +<p><b>Doll Tearsheet</b>, a "bona-roba." This virago is cast into prison with +Dame Quickly (hostess of a tavern in Eastcheap), for the death of a man +that they and Pistol had beaten.—Shakespeare, 2 <i>Henry IV</i>. (1598).</p> + +<p><b>Dolallolla</b> <i>(Queen)</i>, wife of King Arthur, very fond of stiff +punch, but scorning "vulgar sips of brandy, gin, and rum." She is the +enemy of Tom Thumb, and opposes his marriage with her daughter +Huncamunca; but when Noodle announces that the red cow has devoured the +pigmy giant-queller, she kills the messenger for his ill-tidings, and is +herself killed by Frizaletta. Queen Dollalolla is jealous of the +giantess Glundalca, at whom his majesty casts "sheep's eyes."—<i>Tom +Thumb</i>, by Fielding the novelist (1730), altered by O'Hara, author of +<i>Midas</i> (1778).</p> + +<p><b>Dolla Murrey</b>, a character in Crabbe's <i>Borough</i>, who died playing +cards.</p> + +"A vole! a vole!" she cried; "'tis fairly won."<br> +This said, she gently with a single sigh<br> +Died.<br> + +<p>Crabbe, <i>Borough</i> (1810).</p> + +<p><b>Dolly.</b> The most bewitching of the Bohemian household described in +Frances Hodgson Burnett's <i>Vagabondia</i>. Piquante, brave, sonsie, and +loving, she bears and smiles through the hardships and vicissitudes of +her lot until she loses (as she thinks) the love and trust of "Griff," +to whom she had been betrothed for years. Only his return and penitence +save her from slipping out of a world that has few nobler women.</p> + +<p><b>Dolly of the Chop-house</b> (Queen's Head Passage, Paternoster Row and +Newgate Street, London.) Her celebrity arose from the excellency of her +provisions, attendance, accommodation, and service. The name is that of +the old cook of the establishment.</p> + +The broth reviving, and the bread was fair,<br> +The small beer grateful and as pepper strong,<br> +The beaf-steaks tender, and the pot-herbs young.<br> + +<p><b>Dolly Trull.</b> Captain Macheath says she was "so taken up with +stealing hearts, she left herself no time to steal anything else."—Gay, +<i>The Beggar's Opera</i>, ii. I. (1727).</p> + +<p><b>Dolly Varden</b>, daughter of Gabriel Varden, locksmith. She was loved +to distraction by Joe Willet, Hugh of the Maypole inn, and Simon +Tappertit. Dolly dressed in the Watteau style, and was lively, pretty, +and bewitching.—C. Dickens, <i>Barnaby Rudge</i> (1841).</p> + +<p><b>Dol'on,</b> "a man of subtle wit and wicked mind," father of Guizor +(groom of Pollentê the Saracen, lord of "Parlous Bridge"). Sir Ar'tegal, +with scant ceremony, knocks the life out of Guizor, for demanding of him +"passage-penny" for crossing the bridge. Soon afterwards, Brit'omart and +Talus rest in Dolon's castle for the night, and Dolon, mistaking +Britomart for Sir Artegal, sets upon her in the middle of the night, but +is overmastered. He now runs with his two surviving sons to the bridge, +to prevent the passage of Britomart and Talus; but Britomart runs one of +them through with her spear, and knocks the other into the +river.—Spenser <i>Faëry Queen</i> v. 6 (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Dol'on and Ulysses.</b> Dolon undertook to enter the Greek camp and +bring word back to Hector an exact account of everything. Accordingly he +put on a wolf's skin and prowled about the camp on all fours. Ulysses +saw through the disguise, and said to Diomed, "Yonder man is from the +host ... we'll let him pass a few paces, and then pounce on him +unexpectedly." They soon caught the fellow, and having "pumped" out of +him all about the Trojan plans, and the arrival of Rhesus, Diomed smote +him with his falchion on the mid-neck and slew him. This is the subject +of bk. x. of the <i>Iliad</i> and therefore this book is called "Dolonia" +("the deeds of Dolon" or "Dolophon'ia", "Dolon's murder").</p> + +Full of cunning, like Ulysses' whistle<br> +When he allured poor Dolon.<br> +<br> +Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, xiii. 105 (1824),<br> + +<p><b>Dolopa'tos,</b> the Sicilian king, who placed his son Lucien under the +charge of "seven wise masters." When grown to man's estate, Lucien's +step-mother made improper advances to him, which he repulsed, and she +accused him to the king of insulting her. By astrology the prince +discovered that if he could tide over seven days his life would be +saved; so the wise masters amused the king with seven tales, and the +king relented. The prince himself then told a tale which embodied his +own history; the eyes of the king were opened, and the queen was +condemned to death.—<i>Sandabar's Parables</i> (French version).</p> + +<p><b>Dombey</b> (<i>Mr.</i>), a purse-proud, self-contained London merchant, +living on Portland place, Bryanstone Square, with offices in the City. +His god was wealth; and his one ambition was to have a son, that the +firm might be known as "Dombey and Son." When Paul was born, his +ambition was attained, his whole heart was in the boy, and the loss of +the mother was but a small matter. The boy's death turned his heart to +stone, and he treated his daughter Florence not only with utter +indifference, but as an actual interloper. Mr. Dombey married a second +time, but his wife eloped with his manager, James Carker, and the proud +spirit of the merchant was brought low.</p> + +<p><i>Paul Dombey</i>, son of Mr. Dombey; a delicate, sensitive little boy, +quite unequal to the great things expected of him. He was sent to Dr. +Blimber's school, but soon gave way under the strain of school +discipline. In his short life he won the love of all who knew him, and +his sister Florence was especially attached to him. His death is +beautifully told. During his last days he was haunted by the sea, and +was always wondering what the wild waves were saying.</p> + +<p><i>Florence Dombey</i>, Mr. Dombey's daughter; a pretty, amiable, motherless +child, who incurred her father's hatred because she lived and throve +while her younger brother Paul dwindled and died. Florence hungered to +be loved, but her father had no love to bestow on her. She married +Walter Gay, and when Mr. Dombey was broken in spirit by the elopement of +his second wife, his grandchildren were the solace of his old age.—O. +Dickens, <i>Dombey and Son</i> (1846).</p> + +<p><b>Dom-Daniel</b> originally meant a public school for magic, established +at Tunis; but what is generally understood by the word is that immense +establishment, near Tunis, under the "roots of the ocean," established +by Hal-il-Mau'graby, and completed by his son. There were four entrances +to it, each of which had a staircase of 4000 steps; and magicians, +gnomes, and sorcerers of every sort were expected to do homage there at +least once a year to Zatanaï [Satan]. Dom-Daniel was utterly destroyed +by Prince Habed-il-Rouman, son of the Caliph of Syria.—<i>Continuation of +the Arabian Nights</i> "History of Maugraby."</p> + +<p>Southey has made the destruction of Dom-Daniel the subject of his +<i>Thalaba</i>—in fact, Thalaba takes the office of Habed-il-Rouman; but the +general incidents of the two tales have no other resemblance to each +other.</p> + +<p><b>Domestic Poultry</b>, in Dryden's <i>Hind and Panther</i>, mean the Roman +Catholic clergy; so called from an establishment of priests in the +private chapel of Whitehall. The nuns are termed "sister partlet with +the hooded head" (1687).</p> + +<p><b>Dominick</b>, the "Spanish fryar," a kind of ecclesiastical Falstaff. A +most immoral, licentious Dominican, who for money would prostitute even +the Church and Holy Scriptures. Dominick helped Lorenzo in his amour +with Elvi'ra the wife of Gomez.</p> + +He is a huge, fat, religious gentleman ... big<br> +enough to be a pope. His gills are as rosy as a<br> +turkey-cock's. His big belly walks in state before<br> +him, like a harbinger; and his gouty legs<br> +come limping after it. Never was such a tun<br> +of devotion seen.—Dryden, <i>The Spanish Fryar</i>,<br> +ii. 3 (1680).<br> + +<p><b>Dominie Sampson.</b> His Christian +name is Abel. He is the tutor at Ellangowan +House, very poor, very modest, +and crammed with Latin quotations. His +contsant exclamation is "Prodigious!"</p> + +<p>Dominie Sampson is a poor, modest, humble +scholar, who had won his way through the +classics, but fallen to the leeward in the voyage +of life.—Sir. W. Scott; <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, +George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Dom'inique</b> (3 <i>syl</i>), the gossiping old +footman of the Franvals, who fancies himself +quite fit to keep a secret. He is, +however, a really faithful retainer of the +family.—Th. Holcroft, <i>The Deaf and Dumb</i> +(1785).</p> + +<p><b>Domitian a Marksman.</b> The emperor Domitian was so cunning a +marksman, that if a boy at a good distance off held up his hand and +stretched his fingers abroad, he could shoot through the spaces without +touching the boy's hand or any one of his fingers. (See TELL, for many +similar marksmen.)—Peacham, <i>Complete Gentleman</i> (1627).</p> + +<p><b>Domizia</b>, a noble lady of Florence, greatly embittered against the +republic for its base ingratitude to her two brothers, Porzio and Berto, +whose death she hoped to revenge.</p> + +I am a daughter of the Traversari,<br> +Sister of Porzio and Berto both ...<br> +I knew that Florence, that could doubt their faith,<br> +Must needs mistrust a stranger's; holding back<br> +Reward from them, must hold back his reward.<br> + +<p>Robt. Browning, <i>Luria</i>, iii.</p> + +<p><b>Don Alphonso</b>, son of a rich banker. In love with Victoria, the +daughter of Don Scipio; but Victoria marries Don Fernando. Lorenza, who +went by the name of Victoria for a time, and is the person Don Alphonso +meant to marry, espouses Don Caesar.—O'Keefe, <i>Castle of Andalusia</i>.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> For other dons, see under the surname.</p> + +<p><b>Donacha dhu na Dunaigh</b>, the Highland robber near Roseneath.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Donald</b>, the Scotch steward of Mr. Mordent. Honest, plain-spoken, +faithful, and unflinching in his duty.—Holcroft, <i>The Deserted +Daughter</i> (altered into <i>The Steward</i>).</p> + +<p><i>Donald</i>, an old domestic of MacAulay, the Highland chief.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Legend of Montrose</i> (time Charles I.).</p> + +<p><b>Donald of the Hammer</b>, son of the laird of Invernahyle of the West +Highlands of Scotland. When Green Colin assassinated the laird and his +household, the infant Donald was saved by his foster-nurse, and +afterwards brought up by her husband, a blacksmith. He became so strong +that he could work for hours with two fore-hammers, one in each hand, +and was therefore called <i>Domuil nan Ord</i>. When he was 21 he marched +with a few adherents against Green Colin, and slew him, by which means +he recovered his paternal inheritance.</p> + +Donald of the smithy, the "son of the hammer"<br> +Filled the banks of Lochawe with mourning and<br> +clamor.<br> +<br> +Quoted by Sir Walter Scott in <i>Tales of<br> +a Grandfather</i>, i. 39.<br> + +<p><b>Donar</b>, same as <b>Thor</b>, the god of thunder among the ancient +Teutons.</p> + +<p><b>Donatello</b>, a young Italian whose marvellous resemblance to the +Marble Faun of Praxiteles is the subject of jesting remark to three +American friends.</p> + +"So full of animal life as he was, so joyous<br> +in his deportment, so physically well-developed;<br> +he made no impression of incompleteness, of<br> +maimed or stinted, nature." Yet his friends<br> +"habitually allowed for him, exacting no strict<br> +obedience to conventional rules, and hardly noticing<br> +his eccentricities enough to pardon them."<br> + +<p>He loves Miriam, an American student, and resents the persecution of her +by a mysterious man—a nominal "model" who thrusts his presence upon her +at all inconvenient times. One night as he comes between Donatello and +Miriam as they lean on the parapet crowning the Tarpeian Rock, the +Italian throws him over the precipice and kills him. From that moment, +although he is not accused of the deed, the joyous faun becomes the +haunted man.</p> + +<p>"Nothing will ever comfort me!" he says +moodily to Miriam, when she would extenuate +his crime. "I have a great weight here!" +lifting her hand to his breast. Wild creatures, +once his loved companions, shun him as he, in +turn, shuns the face of man. He disappears +from the story, hand-in-hand with Miriam, +bound, it would seem, upon a penitential pilgrimage, +or to begin a new life in another +hemisphere.—Nathaniel Hawthorne, <i>The Marble +Faun</i> (1860).</p> + +<p><b>Donation of Pepin.</b> When Pepin conquered Ataulf (Adolphus), the +exarchate of Ravenna fell into his hands. Pepin gave the pope both the +ex-archate and the republic of Rome; and this munificent gift is the +world-famous "Donation of Pepin," on which rested the whole fabric of +the temporal power of the popes (A.D. 755). Victor Emmanuel, king of +Italy, dispossessed the pope of his temporal sovereignty, and added the +papal states to the united kingdom of Italy, over which he reigned +(1870).</p> + +<p><b>Dondasch</b>', an Oriental giant, contemporary with Seth, to whose +service he was attached. He needed no weapons, because he could destroy +anything by his muscular force.</p> + +<p><b>Don'egild</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the wicked mother of Alia, king of +Northumberland. Hating Custance because she was a Christian, Donegild +set her adrift with her infant son. When Alia returned from Scotland, +and discovered this act of cruelty, he put his mother to death; then +going to Rome on a pilgrimage, met his wife and child, who had been +brought there a little time previously.—Chaucer, <i>Canterbury Tales</i> +("The Man of Law's Tale," 1388).</p> + +<p><b>Don'et,</b> the first grammar put into the hands of scholars. It was +that of Dona'tus the grammarian, who taught in Rome in the fourth +century, and was the preceptor of St. Jerome. When "Graunde Amour" was +sent to study under Lady Gramer, she taught him, as he says:</p> + +First my donet, and then my accedence.<br> + +<p>S. Hawes, <i>The Pastime of Plesure</i>, v. (time Henry VII.).</p> + +<p><b>Doni'ca,</b> only child of the lord of Ar'kinlow (an elderly man). +Young Eb'erhard loved her, and the Finnish maiden was betrothed to him. +Walking one evening by the lake, Donica heard the sound of the +death-spectre, and fell lifeless in the arms of her lover. Presently the +dead maiden received a supernatural vitality, but her cheeks were wan, +her lips livid, her eyes lustreless, and her lap-dog howled when it saw +her. Eberhard still resolved to marry her, and to church they went; but +when he took Donica's hand into his own it was cold and clammy, the +demon fled from her, and the body dropped a corpse at the feet of the +bridegroom.—R. Southey, <i>Donica</i> (a Finnish ballad).</p> + +<p><b>Donnerhu'gel</b> <i>(Rudolph)</i>, one of the Swiss deputies to Charles "the +Bold," duke of Burgundy. He is cousin of the sons of Arnold Biederman +the landamman of Unterwalden <i>(alias</i> Count Arnold of Geierstein).</p> + +<p><i>Theodore Donnerhugel</i>, uncle of Rudolph. He was page to the former +Baron of Arnheim <i>[Arnhime].</i>—Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, +Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Do'ny,</b> Florimel's dwarf.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iii. 5 and iv. 2 +(1590, 1596).</p> + +<p><b>Donzel del Fe'bo</b> (<i>El</i>), <i>the knight of the sun</i>, a Spanish romance +in <i>The Mirror of Knighthood</i>. He was "most excellently fair," and a +"great wanderer;" hence he is alluded to as "that wandering knight so +fair."</p> + +<p><b>Doo'lin of Mayence</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), the hero and title of an old French +romance of chivalry. He was ancestor of Ogier the Dane. His sword was +called <i>Merveilleuse</i> ("wonderful").</p> + +<p><b>Doomsday Sedgwick</b>, William Sedgwick, a fanatical "prophet" during +the Commonwealth. He pretended that the time of doomsday had been +revealed to him in a vision; and, going into the garden of Sir Francis +Bussell, he denounced a party of gentlemen playing at bowls, and bade +them prepare for the day of doom, which was at hand.</p> + +<p><b>Doorm</b>, an earl who tried to make Enid his handmaid, and "smote her +on the cheek" because she would not welcome him. Whereupon her husband, +Count Geraint, started up and slew the "russet-bearded earl."—Tennyson, +<i>Idylls of the King</i> ("Enid.").</p> + +<p><b>Door-Opener</b> (<i>The</i>), Cratês, the Theban; so called because he used +to go round Athens early of a morning and rebuke the people for their +late rising.</p> + +<p><b>Dora [Spenlow],</b> a pretty, warmhearted little doll of a woman, with +no practical views of the duties of life or the value of money. She was +the "child-wife" of David Copperfield, and loved to sit by him and hold +his pens while he wrote. She died, and David then married Agnes +Wickfield. Dora's great pet was a dog called "Jip," which died at the +same time as its mistress.—C. Dickens, <i>David Copperfield</i> (1849).</p> + +<p><b>Dora'do</b> (<i>El</i>), a land of exhaustless wealth; a golden illusion. +Orella'na, lieutenant of Pizarro, asserted that he had discovered a +"gold country" between the Orino'co and the Am'azon, in South America. +Sir Walter Raleigh twice visited Gruia'na as the spot indicated, and +published highly colored accounts of its enormous wealth.</p> + +<p><b>Dorali'ce</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.) a lady beloved by Rodomont, but who married +Mandricardo.—Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Dor'alis,</b> the lady-love of Rodomont, king of Sarza or Algiers. She +eloped with Mandricardo, king of Tartary.—Bojardo, <i>Orlando Innamorato</i> +(1495), and Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p> + +<p><b>Dorante</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a name introduced into three of Molière's +comedies. In <i>Les Fâcheux</i> he is a courtier devoted to the chase (1661). +In <i>La Critique de l'école des Femmes</i> he is a chevalier (1602). In <i>Le +Bourgeois Gentilhomme</i> he is a count in love with the marchioness +Doremène (1670).</p> + +<p><b>Daras'tus and Faunia</b>, the hero and heroine of a popular romance by +Robert Greene, published in 1588, under the title of <i>Pandosto and the +Triumph of Time</i>. On this "history" Shakespeare founded his <i>Winter's +Tale</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Dorax</b>, the assumed name of Don Alonzo of Alcazar, when he deserted +Sebastian, king of Portugal, turned renegade, and joined the emperor of +Barbary. The cause of his desertion was that Sebastian gave to +Henri'quez the lady betrothed to Alonzo. Her name was Violante (4 +<i>syl.</i>) The quarrel between Sebastian and Dorax is a masterly copy of +the quarrel and reconciliation between Brutus and Cassius in +Shakespeare's <i>Julius Cæsar</i>.</p> + +<p>Sebastian says to Dorax, "Confess, proud spirit, that better he +<i>[Henriquez]</i> deserved my love than thou." To this Dorax replies:</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 7.5em;">I must grant,</span><br> +Yes, I must grant, but with a swelling soul,<br> +Henriquez had your love with more desert;<br> +For you he fought and died; I fought against you.<br> + +<p>Drayton, <i>Don Sebastian</i> (1690).</p> + +<p><b>Dorcas</b>, servant to Squire Ingoldsby.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> +(time, George III.).</p> + +<p><i>Dorcas</i>, an old domestic at Cumnor Place.—<i>Kenilworth</i> (time, +Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><b>Doria D'Istria,</b> a pseudonym of the Princess Koltzoff-Massalsky, a +Wallachian authoress (1829-).</p> + +<p>Arthur Donnithorn: Young Squire who seduces Hetty Sorrel in George +Eliot's novel of <i>Adam Bede</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Doricourt</b>, the <i>fiancê</i> of Letitia Hardy. A man of the world and +the rage of the London season, he is, however, both a gentleman and a +man of honor. He had made the "grand tour," and considered English +beauties insipid.—Mrs. Cowley, <i>The Belle's Stratagem</i>, (1780).</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Montague Talbot [1778-1831].</span><br> +He reigns o'er comedy supreme..<br> +None show for light and airy sport,<br> +So exquisite a Doricourt.<br> + +<p>Crofton Croaker.</p> + +<p><b>Do'ridon,</b> a beautiful swain, nature's "chiefest work," more +beautiful than Narcissus, Ganymede, or Adonis.—Wm. Browne, <i>Britannia's +Pastorals</i> (1613).</p> + +<p><b>Do'rigen,</b> a lady of high family, who married Arvir'agus out of pity +for his love and meekness. Aurelius sought to entice her away, but she +said she would never listen to his suit till on the British coast "there +n'is no stone y-seen." Aurelius by magic caused all the stones to +disappear, and when Dorigen went and said that her husband insisted on +her keeping her word, Aurelius, seeing her dejection, replied, he would +sooner die than injure so true a wife and noble a gentleman.—Chaucer, +<i>Canterbury Tales</i> ("The Franklin's Tale," 1388).</p> + +<p>(This is substantially the same as Boccaccio's tale of <i>Dianora and +Gilberto</i>, x. 6. See Dianora.)</p> + +<p><b>Dor'imant,</b> a genteel, witty libertine. The original of this +character was the Earl of Rochester—G. Etherege, <i>The Man of Mode</i> or +<i>Sir Fopling Flutter</i> (1676).</p> + +<p>The Dorimants and the Lady Touchwoods, in their own sphere, do not +offend my moral sense; in fact, they do not appeal to it at all.—C. +Lamb.</p> + +<p>(The "Lady Touchwood" in Congreve's <i>Double Dealer</i>, not the "Lady +Francis Touchwood" in Mrs. Cowley's <i>Belle's Strategem</i>, which is quite +another character.)</p> + +<p><b>Dor'iméne</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of Alcantor, beloved by Sganarelle +(3 <i>syl</i>.) and Lycaste (2 <i>syl</i>.). She loved "le jeu, les visites, les +assemblés, les cadeaux, et les promenades, en un mot toutes les choses +de plasir," and wished to marry to get free from the trammels of her +home. She says to Sganarelle (a man of 63), whom she promises to marry, +"Nous n'aurons jamais aucun démêlé ensemble; et je ne vous contraindrai +point dans vos actions, comme j'espère que vous ne me contraindrez point +dans les miennes."—Molière, <i>Le Mariage Forcé</i> (1664).</p> + +<p>(She had been introduced previously as the wife of Sganarelle, in the +Comedy of <i>Le Cocu Iniaginaire</i>, 1660).</p> + +<p><i>Dorimène</i>, the marchioness, in the <i>Bourgeois Gentilhomme</i>, by Molière +(1670).</p> + +<p><b>Dorin'da,</b> the charming daughter of Lady Bountiful; in love with +Aimwell. She was sprightly and light-hearted, but good and virtuous +also.—George Farquhar, <i>The Beaux' Stratagem</i> (1707).</p> + +<p><i>Dorinda</i>. The rustic maiden, slow and sweet in ungrammatical speech, +who helps plant corn by day, and makes picturesque the interior of the +cabin in the glare of "lightwood" torches by night; turns men's heads +and wins children's hearts in Charles Egbert Craddock's tale, <i>The +Prophet of the Great Smoky Mountains</i>, (1885).</p> + +<p><b>Dorine'</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), attendant of Mariane (daughter of Orgon). She +ridicules the folly of the family, but serves it faithfully. Molière, +<i>Le Tartuffe</i> (1664).</p> + +<p><b>Dorla</b> <i>(St. John</i>). A New York girl of great beauty and tender +conscience, who is beguiled into marrying a country lawyer because she +thinks he is dying for love of her. Having left out of sight the +possibility that a loveless union leaves room for the entrance of a real +passion, she is appalled at finding that she has slipped into an +attachment to <i>A Perfect Adonis</i>, who has principle enough to leave her +when he discovers the state of his own affections. Finding her a widow +on his return to America, he presses his suit, and finds a rival in her +only child, a spoiled baby of five or six years. Overcoming this +obstacle, he weds the mother.—Miriam Coles Harris, <i>A Perfect Adonis</i> +(1875).</p> + +<p><b>D'Orme'o,</b> prime minister of Victor, Amade'us (4 <i>syl</i>), and also of +his son and successor Charles Emmanuel, king of Sardinia. He took his +color from the king he served; hence under the tortuous, deceitful +Victor, his policy was marked with crude rascality and duplicity; but +under the truthful, single-minded Charles Emmanuel, he became +straightforward and honest.—R. Browning, <i>King Victor and King Charles, +etc</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Dormer</b> <i>(Captain)</i>, benevolent, truthful, and courageous, candid +and warmhearted. He was engaged to Louisa Travers; but the lady was told +that he was false and had married another, so she gave her hand to Lord +Davenant.</p> + +<p><i>Marianne Dormer</i>, sister of the captain. She married Lord Davenant, who +called himself Mr. Brooke; but he forsook her in three months, giving +out that he was dead. Marianne, supposing herself to be a widow, married +his lordship's son.—Cumberland, <i>The Mysterious Husband</i> (1783).</p> + +<p><i>Dormer (Caroline)</i>, the orphan daughter of a London merchant, who was +once very wealthy, but became bankrupt and died, leaving his daughter +£200 a year. This annuity, however, she loses through the knavery of her +man of business. When reduced to penury, her old lover, Henry Morland +(supposed to have perished at sea), makes his appearance and marries +her, by which she becomes the Lady Duberly.—G. Coleman, <i>The +Heir-at-Law</i> (1797).</p> + +<p><b>Dornton</b> <i>(Mr.)</i>, a great banker, who +adores his son Harry. He tries to be +stern with him when he sees him going +the road to ruin, but is melted by a kind +word.</p> + +<p>Joseph Mnnden [1758-1832] was the original +representative of "Old Dornton" and a host of +other characters.—<i>Memoir</i> (1832.)</p> +<br> + +<p><i>Harry Dornton</i>, son of the above. A noble-hearted fellow, spoilt by +over-indulgence. He becomes a regular rake, loses money at Newmarket, +and goes post-speed the road to ruin, led on by Jack Milford. So great +is his extravagance, that his father becomes a bankrupt; but Sulky (his +partner in the bank) comes to the rescue. Harry marries Sophia Freelove, +and both father and son are saved from ruin.—Holcroft, <i>The Road to +Euin</i> (1792).</p> + +<p><b>Dorothe'a,</b> of Andalusi'a, daughter of Cleonardo (an opulent vassal +of the Duke Ricardo). She was married to Don Fernando, the duke's +younger son, who deserted her for Lucinda (the daughter of an opulent +gentlemen), engaged to Cardenio, her equal in rank and fortune. When the +wedding day arrived, Lucinda fell into a swoon, a letter informed the +bridegroom that she was already married to Cardenio, and next day she +took refuge in a convent. Dorothea also left her home, dressed in boy's +clothes, and concealed herself in the Sierra Morena or Brown Mountain. +Now, it so happened that Dorothea, Cardenio, and Don Quixote's party +happened to be staying at the Crescent inn, and Don Fernando, who had +abducted Lucinda from the convent, halted at the same place. Here he +found his wife Dorothea, and Lucinda her husband Cardenio. All these +misfortunes thus came to an end, and the parties mated with their +respective spouses.—Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I. iv. (1605).</p> + +<p><i>Dorothe'a</i>, sister of Mons. Thomas.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>Mons. +Thomas</i> (1619).</p> + +<p><i>Dorothe'a</i>, the "virgin martyr," attended by Angelo, an angel in the +semblance of a page, first presented to Dorothea as a beggar-boy, to +whom she gave alms.—Philip Massinger, <i>The Virgin Martyr</i> (1622).</p> + +<p><i>Dorothe'a</i>, the heroine of Goethe's poem entitled <i>Hermann and +Dorothea</i> (1797).</p> + +<p><b>Dor'otheus</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the man who spent all his life in +endeavoring to elucidate the meaning of one single word in Homer.</p> + +<p><b>Dor'othy</b> <i>(Old)</i>, the housekeeper of Simon Glover and his daughter +"the fair maid of Perth."—Sir. W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, +Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><i>Dor'othy</i>, charwoman of Old Trapbois the miser and his daughter +Martha.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Fortunes of Nigel</i> (time, James I.).</p> + +<p><b>Dorothy Pearson.</b> The childless wife of a Puritan settler in New +England. Her husband brings her home a boy whom he found crouching under +the gallows of his Quaker father, and she adopts him at once, despite +the opposition of "the congregation." A fortnight after he entered the +family, his own mother invades the pulpit of the Orthodox meeting house, +and delivers an anathema against her sect. Her boy presses forward to +meet her, but, after a conflict of emotions she returns him to Dorothy. +He submits, but pines for his mother through the months that pass before +her return with the news of religious toleration. Dorothy's loving +offices have smoothed the child's pathway to the grave, and she hangs +above him with tears of maternal grief as he breathes his last in his +mother's arms.—Nathaniel Hawthorne, <i>The Gentle Boy</i> (1851.)</p> + +<p><i>Dorothy Q</i>. Oliver Wendell Holmes's "grandmother's mother." Her +portrait taken at the age of "thirteen summers, or less," is the subject +of his lines, "<i>Dorothy Q.</i> A Family Portrait."</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">"O, Damsel Dorothy! Dorothy Q!</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Strange is the gift that I owe to you;</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Such a gift as never a king</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Save to daughter or son might bring,—</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">All my tenure of heart and hand</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">All my title to house and land,</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mother and sister and child and wife</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And joy and sorrow, and death and life!"</span><br> + +<p><b>Dorrillon</b> <i>(Sir William</i>), a rich Indian merchant and a widower. He +had one daughter, placed under the care of Mr. and Miss Norberry. When +this daughter (Maria) was grown to womanhood, Sir William returned to +England, and wishing to learn the character of Maria, presented himself +under the assumed name of Mr. Mandred. He found his daughter a +fashionable young lady, fond of pleasure, dress, and play, but +affectionate and good-hearted. He was enabled to extricate her from some +money difficulties, won her heart, revealed himself as her father, and +reclaimed her.</p> + +<p><i>Miss [Maria] Dorrillon</i>, daughter of Sir William; gay, fashionable, +light-hearted, accomplished, and very beautiful. "Brought up without a +mother's care or father's caution," she had some excuse for her +waywardness and frivolity. Sir George Evelyn was her admirer, whom for a +time she teased to the very top of her bent; then she married, loved and +reformed.—Mrs. Inchbald, <i>Wives as they Were and Maids as they Are</i> +(1797).</p> + +<p><b>D'Osborn</b> <i>(Count)</i>, governor of the Giant's Mount Fortress. The +countess Marie consented to marry him, because he promised to obtain the +acquittal of Ernest de Fridberg, ("the State prisoner"); but he never +kept his promise.</p> + +<p>It was by this man's treachery that Ernest was a prisoner, for he kept +back the evidence of General Bavois, declaring him innocent. He next +employed persons to strangle him, but his attempt was thwarted. His +villainy being brought to light, he was ordered by the king to +execution.—E. Stirling, <i>The State Prisoner</i> (1847).</p> + +<p><b>Do'son,</b> a promise-maker and promise-breaker. Antig'onos, grandson +of Demetrios <i>(the besieger)</i> was so called.</p> + +<p><b>Dot.</b> (See PERRYBINGLE.)</p> + +<p><b>Dotheboys Hall</b>, a Yorkshire school, where boys were taken-in and +done-for by Mr. Squeers, an arrogant, conceited, puffing, overbearing +and ignorant schoolmaster, who fleeced, beat, and starved the boys, but +taught them nothing.—C. Dickens, <i>Nicholas Nickleby</i> (1838).</p> +<br> + +<p>The original of Dotheboys Hall is still in existence +at Bowes, some five miles from Barnard +Castle. The King's Head inn at Barnard Castle +is spoken of in <i>Nicholas Nickleby</i>, by Newman +Noggs.—<i>Notes and Queries</i>, April 2, 1875.</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Doto, Nysê,</b> and <b>Neri'nê</b>, the three nereids who guarded the +fleet of Vasco da Gama. When the treacherous pilot had run the ship in +which Vasco was sailing on a sunken rock, these sea nymphs lifted up the +prow and turned it round,—Camoens, <i>Lusiad</i>, ii. (1569).</p> + +<p><b>Douban</b>, the physician, cured a Greek king of leprosy by some drug +concealed in a racket handle. The king gave Douban such great rewards +that the envy of his nobles was excited, and his vizier suggested that a +man like Douban was very dangerous to be near the throne. The fears of +the weak king being aroused, he ordered Douban to be put to death. When +the physician saw there was no remedy, he gave the king a book, saying, +"On the sixth leaf the king will find something affecting his life." The +king finding the leaves stick, moistened his finger with his mouth, and +by so doing poisoned himself. "Tyrant!" exclaimed Douban, "those who +abuse their power merit death."—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("The Greek King and +the Physician").</p> + +<p><i>Douban</i>, physician of the emperor Alexius.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Count Robert +of Paris</i> (time Rufus).</p> + +<p><b>Double Dealer</b>, <i>(The)</i> "The double dealer" is Maskwell, who +pretends love to lady Touchwood and friendship to Mellefont (2. <i>syl</i>.), +in order to betray them both. The other characters of the comedy also +deal doubly: Thus Lady Froth pretends to love her husband, but coquets +with Mr. Brisk; and Lady Pliant pretends to be chaste as Diana, but has +a liaison with Careless. On the other hand Brisk pretends to entertain +friendship for Lord Froth but makes love to his wife; and Ned Careless +pretends to respect and honor Lord Pliant, but bamboozles him in a +similar way.—W. Congreve (1700).</p> + +<p><b>Doublefee</b> <i>(Old Jacob</i>), a money-lender who accommodates the Duke +of Buckingham with loans.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, +Charles II).</p> + +<p><b>Doubting Castle</b>, the castle of giant Despair, into which Christian +and Hopeful were thrust, but from which they escaped by means of the key +called "Promise."—Bunyan, <i>Pilgrim's Progress</i>, i. (1678).</p> + +<p><b>Dougal</b>, turnkey at Glasgow, Tolbooth. He is an adherent of Rob +Roy.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Rob Roy</i> (time, George I.).</p> + +<p><b>Douglas</b>, divided into <i>The Black Douglases</i> and <i>The Red +Douglases</i>.</p> + +<p>I. THE BLACK DOUGLASES (or senior branch). Each of these is called "The +Black Douglas."</p> + +<p><i>The Hardy</i>, William de Douglas, defender of Berwick (died 1302).</p> + +<p><i>The Good Sir James</i>, eldest son of "The Hardy." Friend of Bruce. Killed +by the Moors in Spain (1330).</p> + +<p><i>England's Scourge and Scotland's Bulwark</i>, William Douglas, knight of +Liddesdale. Taken at Neville's Cross, and killed by William, first earl +of Douglas, in 1353.</p> + +<p><i>The Flower of Chivalry</i>, William de Douglas, natural son of "The Good +Sir James" (died 1384).</p> + +<p>James second earl of Douglas overthrew Hotspur. Died at Otterburn, 1388. +This is the Douglas of the old ballad of <i>Chevy Chase.</i></p> + +<p><i>Archibald the Grim</i>, Archibald Douglas, natural son of "The Good Sir +James."</p> + +<p><i>The Black Douglas</i>, William, lord of Nithsdale (murdered by the earl of +Clifford, 1390).</p> + +<p><i>Tineman</i> (the loser), Archibald, fourth earl, who lost the battles of +Homildon, Shrewsbury, and Verneuil, in the last of which he was killed +(1424).</p> + +<p>William Douglas, eighth earl, stabbed by James II., and then despatched +with a battle-axe by Sir Patrick Gray, at Stirling, February 13, 1452. +Sir Walter Scott alludes to this in <i>The Lady of the Lake</i>.</p> + +<p>James Douglas, ninth and last earl (died 1488). With him the senior +branch closes.</p> + +<p>II. THE RED DOUGLASES, a collateral branch.</p> + +<p><i>Bell-the-Cat</i>, the great earl of Angus. He is introduced by Scott in +<i>Marmion</i>. His two sons fell in the battle of Flodden Field. He died in +a monastery, 1514.</p> + +<p>Archibald Douglas, sixth earl of Angus, and grandson of "Bell-the-Cat." +James Bothwell, one of the family, forms the most interesting part of +Scott's <i>Lady of the Lake</i>. He was the grandfather of Darnley, husband +of Mary Queen of Scots. He died 1560.</p> + +<p>James Douglas, earl of Morton, younger-brother of the seventh earl of +Angus. He took part in the murder of Rizzio, and was executed by the +instrument called "the maiden" (1530-1581).</p> + +<p>The "Black Douglas," introduced by Sir W. Scott in <i>Castle Dangerous</i>, +is "The Gud schyr James." This was also the Douglas which was such a +terror to the English that the women used to frighten their unruly +children by saying they would "make the Black Douglas take them." He +first appears in <i>Castle Dangerous</i> as "Knight of the tomb." The +following nursery rhyme refers to him:—</p> + +Hush ye, hush, ye, little pet ye;<br> +Hush ye, hush ye, do not fret ye;<br> +The Black Douglas shall not get thee.<br> + +<p>Sir W. Scott, <i>Tales of a Grandfather</i>, i. 6.</p> + +<p><i>Douglas</i>, a tragedy by J. Home (1757). Young Norval, having saved the +life of Lord Randolph, is given a commission in the army. Lady Randolph +hears of the exploit, and discovers that the youth is her own son by her +first husband, Lord Douglas. Glenalvon, who hates the new favorite, +persuades Lord Randolph that his wife is too intimate with the young +upstart, and the two surprise them in familiar intercourse in a wood. +The youth, being attacked, slays Glenalvon, but is in turn slain by Lord +Randolph, who then learns that the young man was Lady Randolph's son. +Lady Randolph, in distraction, rushes up a precipice and throws herself +down headlong, and Lord Randolph goes to the war then raging between +Scotland and Denmark.</p> + +<p><i>Douglas (Archibald earl of</i>), father-in-law of Prince Robert, eldest +son of Robert III. of Scotland.</p> + +<p><i>Margery of Douglas</i>, the earl's daughter, and wife of Prince Robert +duke of Rothsay. The duke was betrothed to Elizabeth, daughter of the +earl of March, but the engagement was broken off by intrigue.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><i>Douglas (George)</i>, nephew of the regent Murray of Scotland, and +grandson of the lady of Lochleven. George Douglas was devoted to Mary +Queen of Scots.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Abbot</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><b>Douglas and the Bloody Heart.</b> The heart of Bruce was entrusted to +Douglas to carry to Jerusalem. Landing in Spain, he stopped to aid the +Castilians against the Moors, and in the heat of battle cast the +"heart," enshrined in a golden coffer, into the very thickest of the +foe, saying, "The heart or death!" On he dashed, fearless of danger, to +regain the coffer, but perished in the attempt. The family thenceforth +adopted the "bloody heart" as their armorial device.</p> + +<p><b>Douglas Larder</b> (<i>The</i>). When the "Good Sir James" Douglas, in 1306, +took his castle by <i>coup de main</i> from the English, he caused all the +barrels containing flour, meal, wheat, and malt to be knocked in pieces +and their contents to be thrown on the floor; he then staved in all the +hogsheads of wine and ale upon this mass. To this he flung the dead +bodies slain and some dead horses. The English called this disgusting +mass "The Douglas Larder." He then set fire to the castle and took +refuge in the hills, for he said "he loved far better to hear the lark +sing than the mouse cheep."</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"><i>Wallace's Larder</i> is a similar phrase. It is the dungeon of +Ardrossan, in Ayrshire, where Wallace had the dead bodies of the +garrison thrown, surprised by him in the reign of Edward I.</p> + +<p>Douloureuse Garde (<i>La</i>), a castle in Berwick-upon-Tweed, won by Sir +Launcelot du Lac, in one of the most terrific adventures related in +romance. In memory of this event, the name of the castle was changed +into <i>La Joyeuse Garde</i> or <i>La Garde Joyeuse</i>.</p> + +<p>Dousterswivel (<i>Herman</i>), a German schemer, who obtains money under the +promise of finding hidden wealth by a divining rod.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The +Antiquary</i> (time, George III.).</p> + +<p>The incident of looking for treasure in the church is copied from one +which Lily mentions, who went with David Kamsay to search for hidden +treasure in Westminster Abbey.—See <i>Old and New London</i>, i. 129.</p> + +<p><b>Dove</b> (<i>Dr.</i>), the hero of Southey's novel called <i>The Doctor</i> +(1834).</p> + +<p><i>Dove</i> (<i>Sir Benjamin</i>), of Cropley Castle, Cornwall. A little, peaking, +puling creature, desperately hen-pecked by a second wife; but madam +overshot the mark, and the knight was roused to assert and maintain the +mastery.</p> + +<p>That very clever actor Cherry (1769-1812), appeared in "Sir Benjamin +Dove," and showed himself a master of his profession.—Boaden.</p> + +<p><i>Lady Dove</i>, twice married, first to Mr. Searcher, king's messenger, and +next to Sir Benjamin Dove. She had a <i>tendresse</i> for Mr. Paterson. Lady +Dove was a terrible termagant, and when scolding failed used to lament +for "poor dear dead Searcher, who—, etc., etc." She pulled her bow +somewhat too tight, and Sir Benjamin asserted his independence.</p> + +<p><i>Sophia Dove</i>, daughter of Sir Benjamin. She loved Robert Belfield, but +was engaged to marry the elder brother Andrew. When, however, the +wedding day arrived, Andrew was found to be a married man, and the +younger brother became the bridegroom.—R. Cumberland, <i>The Brothers</i> +(1769).</p> + +<p><b>Dowlas</b> (<i>Daniel</i>), a chandler of Gosport, who trades in "coals, +cloth, herrings, linen, candles, eggs, sugar, treacle, tea, and +brickdust." This vulgar and illiterate petty shopkeeper is raised to the +peerage under the title of "The Right Hon. Daniel Dowlas, Baron +Duberly." But scarcely has he entered on his honors, when the +"heir-at-law," supposed to have been lost at sea, makes his appearance +in the person of Henry Morland. The "heir" settles on Daniel Dowlas an +annuity.</p> + +<p><i>Deborah Dowlas</i>, wife of Daniel, and for a short time Lady Duberly. She +assumes quite the airs and <i>ton</i> of gentility, and tells her husband "as +he is a pear, he ought to behave as sich."</p> + +<p><i>Dick Dowlas</i>, the son, apprenticed to an attorney at Castleton. A wild +young scamp, who can "shoot wild ducks, fling a bar, play at cricket, +make punch, catch gudgeons, and dance." His mother says "he is the +sweetest-tempered youth when he has everything his own way." Dick Dowlas +falls in love with Cicely Homespun, and marries her.—G. Colman, +<i>Heir-at-law</i> (1797).</p> + +<p>Miss Pope asked me about the dress. I answered. "It should be black +bombazeen ..." I proved to her that not only "Deborah Dowlas," but all +the rest of the <i>dramatis personæ</i> ought to be in mourning ... The three +"Dowlases" as relatives of the deceased Lord Duberly; "Henry Morland" as +the heir-at-law; "Dr. Pangloss" as a clergyman, "Caroline Dormer" for +the loss of her father, and "Kenrick" as a servant of the Dormer +family.—James Smith.</p> + +<p><i>Dowlas (Old Dame</i>), housekeeper to the Duke of Buckingham.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Dowling</b>-<i>(Captain)</i>, a great drunkard, who dies in his +cups.—Crabbe, <i>Borough</i>, xvi. (1810).</p> + +<p><b>Downer</b> (<i>Billy</i>), an occasional porter and shoeblack, a diffuser of +knowledge, a philosopher, a citizen of the world, and an "unfinished +gentleman."—C. Selby, <i>The Unfinished Gentleman</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Downing, Professor</b>, in the University of Cambridge. So called from +Sir George Downing, bart., who founded the law professorship in 1800.</p> + +<p><b>Dowsabel</b>, daughter of Cassemen (3 <i>syl</i>.), a knight of Arden; a +ballad by M. Drayton (1593).</p> + +Old Chaucer doth of Topaz tell,<br> +Mad Rabelais of Pantagruel,<br> +A later third of Dowsabel.<br> + +<p>M. Drayton, <i>Nymphida</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Drac</b>, a sort of fairy in human form, whose abode is the caverns of +rivers. Sometimes these dracs will float like golden cups along a stream +to entice bathers, but when the bather attempts to catch at them, the +drac draws him under water.—<i>South of France Mythology</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Dra'chenfels</b> ("<i>Dragon rocks</i>"), so called from the dragon killed +there by Siegfried, the hero of the <i>Niebelungen Lied</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Dragon</b> (<i>A</i>), the device on the royal banner of the old British +kings. The leader was called the <i>pendragon</i>. Geoffrey of Monmouth says: +"When Aurelius was king, there appeared a star at Winchester, of +wonderful magnitude and brightness, darting forth a ray at the end of +which was a flame in the form of a dragon." Uther ordered two golden +dragons to be made, one of which he presented to Winchester, and the +other he carried with him as a royal standard. Tennyson says that +Arthur's helmet had for crest a golden dragon.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... they saw</span><br> +The dragon of the great pendragonship.<br> +That crowned the state pavilion of the king.<br> +<br> +Tennyson, <i>Guinevere</i>.<br> + +<p><i>Dragon (The)</i>, one of the masques at Kennaquhair Abbey.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>The Abbot</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><i>Dragon (The Red</i>) the personification of "the devil," as the enemy of +man.—Phineas Fletcher, <i>The Purple Island</i>, ix. (1633).</p> + +<p><b>Dragon of Wantley</b> <i>(i. e</i>. Warncliff, in Yorkshire), a skit on the +old metrical romances, especially on the old rhyming legend of Sir +Bevis. The ballad describes the dragon, its outrages, the flight of the +inhabitants, the knight choosing his armor, the damsel, the fight and +the victory. The hero is called "More, of More Hall" (<i>q. v</i>.)—Percy, +<i>Reliques</i>, III. iii. 13.</p> + +<p>(H. Carey, has a burlesque called <i>The Dragon of Wantley</i>, and calls the +hero "Moore, of Moore Hall," 1697-1743).</p> + +<p><b>Dragon's Hill</b> (Berkshire). The legend isays it is here that St. +George killed the dragon; but the place assigned for this achievement in +the ballad given in Percy's <i>Reliques</i> is "Sylene, in Libya." Another +legend gives Berytus <i>(Beyrut)</i> as the place of this encounter.</p> + +<p>(In regard to Dragon Hill, according to Saxon annals, it was here that +Cedric (founder of the West Saxons) slew Naud the pendragon, with 5,000 +men.)</p> + +<p><b>Dragon's Teeth.</b> The tale of Jason and Æêtês is a repetition of that +of Cadmus.</p> + +<p>In the tale of CADMUS, we are told the fountain of Arei'a (3 <i>syl</i>.) was +guarded by a fierce dragon. Cadmus killed the dragon, and sowed its +teeth in the earth. From these teeth sprang up armed men called +"Sparti," among whom he flung stones, and the armed men fell foul of +each other, till all were slain excepting five.</p> + +<p>In the tale of JASON, we are told that having slain the dragon, which +kept watch over the golden fleece, he sowed its teeth in the ground, and +armed men sprang up. Jason cast a stone into the midst of them, +whereupon the men attacked each other, and were all slain.</p> + +<p><b>Dragons.</b></p> + +<p>AHBIMAN, the dragon slain by Mithra.—<i>Persian Mythology</i>.</p> + +<p>DAHAK, the three-headed dragon slain by Thraetana-Yaçna.—<i>Persian</i>.</p> + +<p>FAFNIB, the dragon slain by Sigurd.</p> + +<p>GRENDEL, the dragon slain by Beowulf, the Anglo-Saxon hero.</p> + +<p>LA GAGOUILLE, the dragon which ravaged the Seine, slain by St. Romain of +Rouen.</p> + +<p>PYTHON, the dragon slain by Apollo.—<i>Greek Mythology</i>.</p> + +<p>TAKASQUE (2 <i>syl</i>.), the dragon slain at Aix-la-Chapelle by St. Martha.</p> + +<p>ZOHAK, the dragon slain by Feridun (<i>Shahndmeh</i>).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Numerous dragons have no special name. Many are denoted Red, White, +Black, Great, etc..</p> + +<p><b>Drake</b> (Joseph Rodman), author of <i>The +Culprit Fay</i> and <i>The American Flag</i>, died at +the early age of twenty-five. His elegy +was written by Fitz-Green Halleck and is +known as far as the English tongue is +spoken.</p> + +"Green be the turf above thee,<br> +Friend of my better days!<br> +None knew thee but to love thee,<br> +None named thee but to praise."<br> +<span style="margin-left: 15em;">(1820).</span><br> + +<p><b>Drama.</b> The earliest European drama since the fall of the Western +empire appeared in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is called <i>La +Celestina</i>, and is divided into twenty-one acts. The first act, which +runs through fifty pages, was composed by Rodridgo Cota; the other +twenty are ascribed to Ferdinando de Rojas. The whole was published in +1510.</p> + +<p>The earliest English drama is entitled <i>Ralph Roister Doister</i>, a comedy +by Nicholas Udal (before 1551, because mentioned by T. Wilson, in his +<i>Rule of Reason</i>, which appeared in 1551).</p> + +<p>The second English drama was <i>Gammer Gurton's Needle</i>, by Mr. S. Master +of Arts. Warton, in his <i>History of English Poetry</i> (iv. 32), gives 1551 +as the date of this comedy; and Wright, in his <i>Historia Histrionica</i>, +says it appeared in the reign of Edward VI., who died 1553. It is +generally ascribed to Bishop Still, but he was only eight years old in +1551.</p> + +<p><i>Drama (Father of the French)</i>, Etienne, Jodell (1532-1573).</p> + +<p><i>Father of the Greek Drama</i>, Thespis (B.C. sixth century).</p> + +<p><i>Father of the Spanish Drama</i>, Lopêz de Vega (1562-1635).</p> + +<p><b>Drap</b>, one of Queen Mab's maids of honor.—Drayton, <i>Nymphidia</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Dra´pier's Letters</b>, a series of letters written by Dean Swift, and +signed "M.D. Drapier," advising the Irish not to take the copper money +coined by William Wood, to whom George I. had given a patent. These +letters (1724) stamped out this infamous job and caused the patent to be +cancelled. The patent was obtained by the Duchess of Kendall (mistress +of the king), who was to share the profits.</p> + +Can we the Drapier then forget?<br> +Is not our nation in his debt?<br> +'Twas he that writ the "Drapier's Letters."<br> +Dean Swift, <i>Verses on his own death</i>.<br> + +<p><b>Drawcan´sir,</b> a bragging, blustering bully, who took part in a +battle, and killed every one on both sides, "sparing neither friend nor +foe."—George Villiers, duke of Buckingham, <i>The Rehearsal</i> (1671).</p> + +Juan, who was a little superficial,<br> +And not in literature a great Drawcansir.<br> +Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, xi. 51 (1824).<br> + +<p>At length my enemy appeared, and I went forward some yards like a +Drawcansir, but found myself seized with a panic as Paris was when he +presented himself to fight with Menelaus.—Lesage, <i>Gil Blas</i>, vii. +(1735).</p> + +<p><b>Dream Authorship.</b> Coleridge says that he wrote his <i>Kubla Khan</i> +from his recollection of a dream.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Condillac (says Cabanis) concluded in his dreams the reasonings left +incomplete at bed-time.</p> + +<p><i>Dreams</i>. The Indians believe all dreams to be revelations, sometimes +made by the familiar genius, and sometimes by the "inner or divine +soul." An Indian, having dreamt that his finger was cut off, had it +really cut off the next day.—Charlevoix, <i>Journal of a Voyage to North +America</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Dream´er</b> (<i>The Immortal</i>), John Bunyan, whose <i>Pilgrim's Progress</i> +is said by him to be a dream (1628-1688).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> The pretense of a dream was one of the most common devices of +mediaeval romance, as, for example, the <i>Romance of the Rose</i> and <i>Piers +Plowman</i>, both in the fourteenth century.</p> + +<p><b>Dreary</b> (<i>Wat</i>), <i>alias</i> BROWN WILL, one of Macheath's gang of +thieves. He is described by Peachum as "an irregular dog, with an +underhand way of disposing of his goods" (act i.1).—Gay, <i>The Beggar's +Opera</i> (1727).</p> + +<p><b>Drew</b> (<i>Timothy</i>). A half-witted cobbler who, learning that a tailor +had advertised for "frogs," catches a bagful and carries them to him, +demanding one dollar a hundred. The testy tailor imagining himself the +victim of a hoax, throws his shears at his head, and Timothy, in revenge +empties the bag of bull-frogs upon the clean floor of Buckram's shop. +Next day Timothy's sign was disfigured to read—<i>Shoes Mended and Frogs +Caught. By Timothy Drew.</i>—<i>The Frog Catcher</i>, Henry J. Finn, American +Comic Annual 1831.</p> + +<p><b>Drink</b> used by actors, orators, etc.</p> + +<p>BRAHAM, bottled porter.</p> + +<p>CATLEY (<i>Miss</i>), linseed tea and madeira.</p> + +<p>COOKE (<i>G. F.</i>), everything drinkable.</p> + +<p>EMERY, brandy-and-water (cold).</p> + +<p>GLADSTONE (<i>W. E.</i>), an egg beaten up in sherry.</p> + +<p>HENDERSON, gum arabic and sherry.</p> + +<p>INCLEDON, madeira.</p> + +<p>JORDAN (<i>Mrs.</i>), calves'-foot jelly dissolved in warm sherry.</p> + +<p>KEAN (<i>Edmund</i>), beef-tea for breakfast, cold brandy.</p> + +<p>LEWIS, mulled wine (with oysters).</p> + +<p>OXBERRY, tea.</p> + +<p>SMITH (<i>William</i>), coffee.</p> + +<p>WOOD (<i>Mrs.</i>), draught porter.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> J Kemble took opium.</p> + +<p><i>Drink</i>. "<i>I drink the air</i>," says Ariel, meaning "I will fly with great +speed."</p> + +<p>In <i>Henry IV</i>. we have "devour the way," meaning the same thing.</p> + +<p><b>Dri'ver,</b> clerk to Mr. Pleydell, advocate.</p> + +<p>Edinburgh.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Driver of Europe.</b> The duc de Choiseul, minister of Louis XV., was +so called by the empress of Russia, because he had spies all over +Europe, and ruled by them all the political cabals.</p> + +<p><b>Dro'gio,</b> probably Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. A Venetian voyager +named Antonio Zeno (fourteenth century) so called a country which he +discovered. It was said to lie south-west of Estotiland (<i>Labrador</i>), +but neither Estotiland nor Drogio are recognized by modern geographers, +and both are supposed to be wholly, or in a great measure, hypothetical.</p> + +<p><b>Dro'mio</b> <i>(The Brothers</i>), two brothers, twins, so much alike that +even their nearest friends and masters knew not one from the other. They +were the servants of two masters, also twins and the exact facsimiles of +each other. The masters were Antiph'olus of Ephesus and Antipholus of +Syracuse.—Shakespeare, <i>Comedy of Errors</i> (1593).</p> + +<p>(<i>The Comedy of Errors</i> is borrowed from the <i>Menoechmi</i> of Plautus).</p> + +<p><b>Dronsdaughter</b> (<i>Tronda</i>), the old serving-woman of the +Yellowleys.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Pirate</i> (time, William III.).</p> + +<p><b>Drop Serene</b> (<i>Gutta Serena</i>). It was once thought that this sort +of blindness was an incurable extinction of vision by a transparent +watery humor distilling on the optic nerve. It caused total blindness, +but made no visible change in the eye. It is now known that this sort of +blindness arises from obstruction in the capillary nerve-vessels, and in +some cases at least is curable. Milton, speaking of his own blindness, +expresses a doubt whether it arose from the <i>Gutta Serena</i> or the +<i>suffusion of a cataract</i>.</p> + +So thick a 'drop serene' hath quenched their orbs,<br> +Or dim 'suffusion' veiled.<br> +<br> +Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, iii. 25 (1665).<br> + +<p><b>Drood</b> (<i>Edwin</i>), hero of Charles Dickens' unfinished novel of that +name.</p> + +<p><b>Drudgeit</b> (<i>Peter</i>), clerk to Lord Bladderskate.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Drugger</b> (<i>Abel</i>), a seller of tobacco; artless and gullible in the +extreme. He was building a new house, and came to Subtle "the alchemist" +to know on which side to set the shop door, how to dispose the shelves +so as to ensure most luck, on what days he might trust his customers, +and when it would be unlucky for him so to do.—Ben Jonson, <i>The +Alchemist</i> (1610).</p> + +<p>Thomas Weston was "Abel Drugger" himself [1727-1776], but David Garrick +was fond of the part also [1716-1779].—C. Dibdin, <i>History of the +Stage</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Drugget</b>, a rich London haberdasher, who has married one of his +daughters to Sir Charles Racket. Drugget is "very fond of his garden," +but his taste goes no further than a suburban tea-garden with leaden +images, cockney fountains, trees cut into the shapes of animals, and +other similar abominations. He is very headstrong, very passionate, and +very fond of flattery.</p> + +<p><i>Mrs. Druggett</i>, wife of the above. She knows her husband's foibles, +and, like a wise woman, never rubs the hair the wrong way.—A. Murphy, +<i>Three Weeks after Marriage</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Druid</b> (<i>The</i>), the <i>nom de plume</i> of Henry</p> + +<p>Dixon, sportsman and sporting-writer; One of his books, called +<i>Steeple-chasing</i>, appeared in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>. His last work +was called <i>The Saddle and Sirloin.</i></p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Collins calls James Thomson (author of <i>The Seasons</i>) a druid, +meaning a pastoral British poet or "Nature's High Priest."</p> + +In yonder grave a Druid lies.<br> +Collins (1746).<br> + +<p><i>Druid (Dr.)</i>, a man of North Wales, 65 years of age, the travelling +tutor of Lord Abberville, who was only 23. The doctor is a pedant and +antiquary, choleric in temper, and immensely bigoted, wholly without any +knowledge of the human heart, or indeed any practical knowledge at all.</p> + +<p>"Money and trade, I scorn 'em both; ...I have traced the Oxus and the +Po, traversed the Riphæan Mountains, and pierced into the inmost deserts +of Kilmuc Tartary ...I have followed the ravages of Kuli Chan with +rapturous delight. There is a land of wonders; finely depopulated; +gloriously laid waste; fields without a hoof to tread 'em; fruits +without a hand to gather 'em: with such a catologue of pats, peetles, +serpents, scorpions, caterpillars, toads, and putterflies! Oh, 'tis a +recreating contemplation indeed to a philosophic mind!"—Cumberland, +<i>The Fashionable Lover</i> (1780).</p> + +<p><b>Druid Money</b>, a promise to pay on the Greek Kalends. Patricius says: +"Druidæ pecuniam mutuo accipiebant in posteriore vita reddituri."</p> + +Like money by the Druids borrowed,<br> +In th' other world to be restored.<br> +Butler, <i>Hudibras</i>, iii. 1 (1678).<br> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Purchase tells us of certain priests of Pekin, "who +barter with the people upon bills of exchange, to be paid in heaven a +hundredfold."—<i>Pilgrims</i>, iii. 2.</p> + +<p><b>Drum</b> <i>(Jack), Jack Drum's entertainment</i> is giving a guest the cold +shoulder.</p> + +<p>Shakespeare calls it "John Drum's entertainment" (<i>All Well, etc</i>., act +iii. sc. 6), and Holinshead speaks of "Tom Drum his entertaynement, +which is to hale a man in by the heade, and thrust him out by both the +shoulders."</p> + +<p><b>Drummle</b> (<i>Bentley</i>) <b>and Startop,</b> two young men who read with +Mr. Pocket. Drummle is a surly, ill-conditioned fellow, who marries +Estella.—C. Dickens, <i>Great Expectations</i> (1860).</p> + +<p><b>Drunken Parliament</b>, a Scotch parliament assembled at Edinburgh, +January I, 1661.</p> + +It was a mad, warring time, full of extravagance;<br> +and no wonder it was so, when the men<br> +of affairs were almost perpetually drunk.—Burnet,<br> +<i>His Own Time</i> (1723-34).<br> + +<p><b>Druon</b> "the Stern," one of the four knights who attacked Britomart +and Sir Scudamore (3 <i>syl</i>.).</p> + +The warlike dame <i>(Britomart)</i> was on her part assaid<br> +By Clarabel and Blandamour at one;<br> +While Paridel and Druon fiercely laid<br> +On Scudamore, both his professèd fone [<i>foes</i>].<br> +<br> +Spenser, <i>Faery Queen</i>, iv. 9 (1596).<br> + +<p><b>Druses</b> (<i>Return of the</i>). The Druses, a semi-Mohammedan sect of +Syria, being attacked by Osman, take refuge in one of the Spor'adês, and +place themselves under the protection of the Knights of Rhodes. These +knights slay their sheiks and oppress the fugitives. In the sheik +massacre, Dja'bal is saved by Maä'ni, and entertains the idea of +revenging his people and leading them back to Syria. To this end he +gives out that he is Hakeem, the incarnate god, returned to earth, and +soon becomes the leader of the exiled Druses. A plot is formed to murder +the prefect of the isle, and to betray the Island to Venice, if Venice +will supply a convoy for their return. An'eal (2 <i>syl</i>.), a young woman +stabs the prefect, and dies in bitter disappointment when she discovers +that Djabal is a mere impostor. Djabal stabs himself when his imposition +is made public, but Loys, (2 <i>syl</i>.) a Brenton count, leads the exiles +back to Lebanon. Robert Browning.—<i>The Return of the Druses</i>.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Historically, the Druses, to the number of 160,000 or 200,000, +settled in Syria, between Djebail and Saïde, but their original seat was +Egypt. They quitted Egypt from persecution, led by Dara'zi or Durzi, +from whom the name Druse (1 <i>syl</i>.) is derived. The founder of the sect +was the hakêm B'amr-ellah (eleventh century), believed to be incarnate +deity, and the last prophet who communicated between God and man. From +this founder the head of the sect was called the <i>hakêm</i>, his residence +being Deir-el-Kamar. During the thirteenth or fourteenth century the +Druses were banished from Syria, and lived in exile in some of the +Sporadês but were led back to Syria early in the fifteenth century by +Count Loys de Duex, a new convert. Since 1588 they have been tributaries +of the sultan.</p> + +What say you does this wizard style himself—<br> +Hakeem Biamrallah, the Third Fatimite?<br> +What is this jargon? He the insane prophet,<br> +Dead near three hundred years!<br> + +<p>Robert Browning, <i>The Return of the Druses</i>.</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Dryas</b> or DRYAD, a wood-nymph, whose life was bound up with that of +her tree (Greek, [Greek: dryas, dryados].)</p> + +<p>"The quickening power of the soul," like Martha, +"is busy about many things," or like "a +Dryas living in a tree."—Sir John Davies, <i>Immortality +of the soul</i>, xii.</p> + +<p><b>Dry-as-Dust</b> (<i>The Rev. Doctor</i>), an hypothetical person whom Sir W. +Scott makes use of to introduce some of his novels by means of prefatory +letters. The word is a synonym for a dull, prosy, plodding historian, +with great show of learning, but very little attractive grace.</p> + +<p><b>Dryden of Germany</b> <i>(The)</i>, Martin Opitz, sometimes called "The +Father of German Poetry" (1597-1639).</p> + +<p><b>Dryeesdale</b> <i>(Jasper)</i>, the old steward at Lochleven Castle.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>The Abott</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><b>Dry'ope</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of King Dryops, beloved by Apollo. +Apollo, having changed himself into a tortoise, was taken by Dryopê into +her lap, and became the father of Amphis'sos. Ovid says that Dryopê was +changed into a lotus <i>(Met</i>., x. 331).</p> + +<p><b>Duar'te</b> (3 <i>syl</i>), the vainglorious son of Guiomar.—Beaumont and +Fletcher, <i>The Custom of the Country</i> (1647).</p> + +<p><b>Dubosc</b>, the great thief, who robs the night-mail from Lyons, and +murders the courier. He bears such a strong likeness to Joseph Lesurques +(act i. 1) that their identity is mistaken.—Ed. Stirling, <i>The Courier +of Lyons</i> (1852).</p> + +<p><b>Dubourg</b>-<i>(Mons.)</i>, a merchant at Bordeaux, and agent there of +Osbaldistone of London.</p> + +<p><i>Clement Dubourg</i>, son of the Bordeaux merchant, one of the clerks of +Osbaldistone, merchant.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Rob Roy</i> (time, George I.).</p> + +<p><b>Dubric</b> <i>(St.)</i> or St. Dubricius, archbishop of the City of Legions +<i>(Caerleon-upon-Usk</i>; Newport is the only part left.) He set the crown +on the head of Arthur, when only 15 years of age. Geoffrey says +(<i>British history</i>, ix. 12); This prelate, who was primate of Britain, +was so eminent for his piety, that he could cure any sick person by his +prayers. St. Dubric abdicated and lived a hermit, leaving David his +successor. Tennyson introduced him in his <i>Coming of Arthur, Enid</i>, etc.</p> + +Dubric, whose report old Carleon yet doth<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">carry.</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xxiv. (1622).</span><br> +<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To whom arrived, by Dubric the high saint.</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Chief of the Church in Britain, and before</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The stateliest of her altar-shrines, the king</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That morn was married.</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 6.5em;">Tennyson, <i>The Coming of Arthur</i>.</span><br> + +<p><b>Ducho´mar</b> was in love with Morna, daughter of Comac, king of +Ireland. Out of jealousy, he slew Câthba, his more successful rival, +went to announce his death to Morna, and then asked her to marry him. +She replied she had no love for him, and asked for his sword. "He gave +the sword to her tears," and she stabbed him to the heart. Duchômar +begged the maiden to pluck the sword from his breast that he might die; +and when she approached him for the purpose, "he seized the sword from +her, and slew her."</p> + +<p>"Duchômar, most gloomy of men; dark are thy brows and terrible; red are +thy rolling eyes ... I love thee not," said Morna; "hard is thy heart of +rock, and dark is thy terrible brow."—Ossian, <i>Fingal</i>, i.</p> + +<p><b>Duchran</b> (<i>The laird of</i>), a friend of Baron Bradwardine.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Du Croisy</b> and his friend La Grange are desirous to marry two young +ladies whose heads are turned by novels. The silly girls fancy the +manners of these gentlemen "too unaffected and easy to be aristocratic"; +so the gentlemen send to them their valets, as "the viscount de +Jodelet," and "the marquis of Mascarille." The girls are delighted whith +their titled visitors; but when the game had gone far enough, the +masters enter and unmask the trick. By this means the girls are taught a +useful lesson, without being subjected to any fatal +consequence.—Molière, <i>Les Prècieuses Ridicules</i> (1659).</p> + +<p><b>Dudley</b>, a young artist; a disguise assumed by Harry Bertram.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><i>Dudley</i> (<i>Captain</i>), a poor English officer, of strict honor, good +family, and many accomplishments. He has served his country for thirty +years, but can scarcely provide bread for his family.</p> + +<p><i>Charles Dudley</i>, son of Captain Dudley. High-minded, virtuous, +generous, poor, and proud. He falls in love with his cousin Charlotte +Rusport, but forbears proposing to her, because he is poor and she is +rich. His grandfather's will is in time brought to light, by which he +becomes the heir of a noble fortune, and he then marries his cousin.</p> + +<p><i>Louisa Dudley</i>, daughter of Captain Dudley. Young, fair, tall, fresh, +and lovely. She is courted by Belcour the rich West Indian, to whom +ultimately she is married.—Cumberland, <i>The West Indian</i> (1771).</p> + +<p><b>Dudley Diamond</b> (<i>The</i>). In 1868 a black shepherd named Swartzboy +brought to his master, Nie Kirk, this diamond, and received for it £400, +with which he drank himself to death. Nie Kirk sold it for £12,000; and +the earl of Dudley gave Messrs. Hunt and Roskell £30,000 for it. It +weighed in the rough 88 1/2 carats, but cut into a heart shape it weighs +44 1/2 carats. It is triangular in shape, and of great brilliancy.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> This magnificent diamond, that called the "Stewart" <i>(q. v</i>.), and +the "Twin," have all been discovered in Africa since 1868.</p> + +<p><b>Dudu</b>, one of the three beauties of the +harem, into which Juan, by the sultan's +order, had been admitted in female attire. +Next day, the sultana, out of jealousy, +ordered that both Dudù and Juan should +be stitched in a sack and cast into the +sea; but by the connivance of Baba the +chief eunuch, they affected their escape.— +Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, vi. 42, etc.</p> + +A kind of sleeping Venus seemed Dudu ...<br> +But she was pensive more than melancholy ...<br> +The strangest thing was, beauteous, she was<br> +holy.<br> +Unconscious, albeit turned of quick seventeen.<br> +Canto vi. 42-44 (1824).<br> + +<p><b>Duenna</b> <i>(The)</i>, a comic opera by R. B. Sheridan (1773). Margaret, +the duenna, is placed in charge of Louisa, the daughter of Don Jerome. +Louisa is in love with Don Antonio, a poor nobleman of Seville; but her +father resolves to give her in marriage to Isaac Mendoza, a rich +Portuguese Jew. As Louisa will not consent to her father's arrangement, +he locks her up in her chamber, and turns the duenna out of doors, but +in his impetuous rage he in reality turns his daughter out, and locks up +the duenna. Isaac arrives, is introduced to the lady, elopes with her, +and is duly married. Louisa flees to the convent of St. Catharine, and +writes to her father for his consent to her marriage to the man of her +choice; and Don Jerome supposing she means the Jew, gives it freely, and +she marries Antonio. When they meet at breakfast at the old man's house, +he finds that Isaac has married the duenna, Louisa has married Antonio, +and his son has married Clara; but the old man is reconciled and says, +"I am an obstinate old fellow, when I'm in the wrong, but you shall all +find me steady in the right."</p> + +<p><b>Duessa</b> <i>(false faith</i>), is the personification of the papacy. She +meets the Red Cross Knight in the society of Sansfoy <i>(infidelity)</i>, and +when the knight slays Sansfoy, she turns to flight. Being overtaken, she +says her name is Fidessa <i>(true faith)</i>, deceives the knight, and +conducts him to the palace of Lucif'era, where he encounters Sansjoy +(canto 2). Duessa dresses the wounds of the Red Cross Knight, but places +Sansjoy under the care of Escula'pius in the infernal regions (canto 4). +The Red Cross Knight leaves the palace of Lucifera, and Duessa induces +him to drink of the "Enervating Fountain;" Orgoglio then attacks him, +and would have slain him if Duessa had not promised to be his bride. +Having cast the Red Cross Knight into a dungeon, Orgoglio dresses his +bride in most gorgeous array, puts on her head "a triple crown" <i>(the +tiara of the pope</i>), and sets her on a monster beast with "seven heads" +<i>(the seven hills of Rome</i>). Una <i>(truth)</i> sends Arthur (England) to +rescue the captive knight, and Arthur slays Orgoglio, wounds the beast, +releases the knight, and strips Duessa of her finery <i>(the +Reformation</i>); whereupon she flies into the wilderness to conceal her +shame (canto 7).—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, i. (1590).</p> + +<p><i>Duessa</i>, in bk. v., allegorizes Mary queen of Scots. She is arraigned +by Zeal before Queen Mercilla <i>(Elizabeth)</i>, and charged with high +treason. Zeal says he shall pass by for the present "her counsels false +conspired" with Blandamour <i>(earl of Northumberland)</i>, and Paridel +<i>(earl of Westmoreland</i>), leaders of the insurrection of 1569, as that +wicked plot came to naught, and the false Duessa was now "an untitled +queen." When Zeal had finished, an old sage named the Kingdom's Care +<i>(Lord Burghley)</i> spoke, and opinions were divided. Authority, Law of +Nations, and Religion thought Duessa guilty, but Pity, Danger, Nobility +of Birth, and Grief pleaded in her behalf. Zeal then charges the +prisoner with murder, sedition, adultery, and lewd impiety; whereupon +the sentence of the court is given against her. Queen Mercilla, being +called on to pass sentence, is so overwhelmed with grief that she rises +and leaves the court.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, v. 9 (1596).</p> + +<p><b>Duff</b> <i>(Jamie)</i>, the idiot boy attending Mrs. Bertram's +funeral.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Duke</b> <i>(My lord</i>), a duke's servant, who assumes the airs and title +of his master, and is addressed as "Your grace," or "My lord duke." He +was first a country cowboy, then a wig-maker's apprentice, and then a +duke's servant. He could neither write nor read, but was a great +coxcomb, and set up for a tip-top fine gentleman.—Rev. J. Townley, +<i>High Life Below Stairs</i> (1763).</p> + +<p><i>Duke (The Iron</i>), the duke of Wellington, also called "The Great Duke" +(1769-1852).</p> + +<p><b>Duke and Duchess</b>, in pt. II. of <i>Don Quixote</i>, who play so many +sportive tricks on "the Knight of the Woeful Countenance," were Don +Carlos de Borja, count of Ficallo, and Donna Maria of Aragon, duchess of +Villaher'mora, his wife, in whose right the count held extensive estates +on the banks of the Ebro, among others a country seat called Buena'via, +the place referred to by Cervantês (1615).</p> + +<p><b>Duke of Mil'an,</b> a tragedy by Massinger (1622). A play evidently in +imitation of Shakespeare's <i>Othello</i>. "Sforza" is Othollo; "Francesco," +Iago: "Marcelia," Desdemona: and "Eugenia," Emilia. Sforza "the More" +[<i>sic</i>] doted on Marcelia his young bride, who amply returned his love. +Francesco, Sforza's favorite, being left lord protector of Milan during +a temporary absence of the duke, tried to corrupt Marcelia; but failing +in this, accused her to Sforza of wantonness. The duke, believing his +favorite, slew his beautiful young bride. The cause of Francesco's +villainy was that the duke had seduced his sister Eugenia.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Shakespeare's play was produced 1611, about eleven years before Massinger's tragedy. In act v. 1 we have "Men's injuries we write in +brass," which brings to mind Shakespeare's line, "Men's evil manners +live in brass, their virtues we write in water."</p> + +<p>(Cumberland reproduced this drama, with some alterations, in 1780).</p> + +<p><b>Duke Combe</b>, William Combe, author of <i>Dr. Syntax</i>, and translator +of <i>The Devil upon Two Sticks</i>, from <i>Le Diable Boiteux</i> of Lesage. He +was called <i>duke</i> from the splendor of his dress, the profusion of his +table, and the magnificence of his deportment. The last fifteen years of +his life were spent in the King's Bench (1743-1823).</p> + +<p><b>Dulcama'ra</b> <i>(Dr.)</i>, an itinerant physician, noted for his +pomposity; very boastful, and a thorough charlatan.—Donizetti, +<i>L'Elisire d'Amore</i> (1832).</p> + +<p><b>Dulcarnon.</b> (See DHU'L KARNEIN.)</p> + +<p><b>Dulcifluous Doctor</b>, Antony Andreas, a Spanish minorite of the Duns +Scotus school (_-1320).</p> + +<p><b>Dulcin'ea del Tobo'so,</b> the lady of Don Quixote's devotion. She was +a fresh-colored country wench, of an adjacent village, with whom the don +was once in love. Her real name was Aldonza Lorenzo. Her father was +Lorenzo Corchuelo, and her mother Aldonza Nogalês. Sancho Panza +describes her in pt. I. ii. 11.—Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I. i. I +(1605).</p> + +"Her flowing hair," says the knight, "is of<br> +gold, her forehead the Elysian fields, her eyebrows<br> +two celestial arches, her eyes a pair of<br> +glorious suns, her cheeks two beds of roses, her<br> +lips two coral portals that guard her teeth of<br> +Oriental pearl, her neck is alabaster, her hands<br> +are polished ivory, and her bosom whiter than<br> +the new-fallen snow."<br> +<br> +Ask you for whom my tears do flow so?<br> +'Tis for Dulcinea del Toboso.<br> +<i>Don Quixote</i>, I iii. 11 (1605).<br> + +<p><b>Dull</b>, a constable.—Shakespeare, <i>Love's Labour's Lost</i> (1594).</p> + +<p><b>Du'machus.</b> The impenitent thief is so called in Longfellow's +<i>Golden Legend</i>, and the penitent thief is called Titus.</p> + +<p>In the apocryphal <i>Gospel of Nicodemis</i>, the impenitent thief is called +Gestas, and the penitent one Dysmas.</p> + +<p>In the story of <i>Joseph of Arimathea</i>, the impenitent thief is called +Gesmas, and the penitent one Dismas.</p> + +Alta petit Dismas, infelix infima Gesmas.<br> +<i>A Monkish Charm to Scare away Thieves</i>.<br> +<br> +Dismas in paradise would dwell,<br> +But Gesmas chose his lot in hell.<br> + +<p><b>Dumain</b>, a French lord in attendance on Ferdinand, king of Navarre. +He agreed to spend three years with the king in study, during which time +no woman was to approach the court. Of course, the compact was broken as +soon as made and Dumain fell in love with Katharine. When however, he +proposed marriage, Katharine deferred her answer for twelve months and a +day, hoping by that time "his face would be more bearded," for, she +said, "I'll mark no words that smoothfaced wooers say."</p> + +The young Dumain, a well-accomplished youth,<br> +Of all that virtue love for virtue loved;<br> +Most power to do most harm, least knowing ill;<br> +For he hath wit to make an ill shape good,<br> +And shape to win grace, tho' he had no wit.<br> + +<p>Shakespeare, <i>Love's Labour's Lost</i>, act ii. sc. I +(1594).</p> + +<p><b>Du'marin,</b> the husband of Cym'oent, and father of Marinel.—Spenser, +<i>Fairy Queen</i>, in. 4.</p> + +<p><b>Dumas</b> <i>(Alexandre</i> D.), in 1845, published sixty volumes.</p> + +<p>The most skillful copyist, writing 12 hours a day, can with difficulty +do 3,900 letters in an hour, which gives him 46,800 per diem, or 60 +pages of a romance. Thus he could copy 5 volumes octavo per month and 60 +in a year, supposing that he did not lose one second of time, but worked +without ceasing 12 hours every day thoughout the entire year.—De +Mirecourt, <i>Dumas Père</i> (1867).</p> + +<p><b>Dumb Ox</b> <i>(The).</i> St. Thomas Aqui'nas was so called by his +fellow-students at Cologne, from his taciturnity and dreaminess. +Sometimes called "The Great Dumb Ox of Sicily." He was larged-bodied, +fat, with a brown complexion, and a large head partly bald.</p> + +Of a truth, it almost makes me laugh<br> +To see men leaving the golden grain,<br> +To gather in piles the pitiful chaff<br> +That old Peter Lombard thrashed with his<br> +brain,<br> +To have it caught up and tossed again<br> +On the horns of the Dumb Ox of Cologne.<br> + +<p>Longfellow, <i>The Golden Legend</i>.</p> + +<p>(Thomas Aquinas was subsequently called "The Angelic Doctor," and the +"Angel of the Schools," 1224-1274.)</p> + +<p><b>Dumbiedikes</b> (<i>The old laird of</i>), an exacting landlord, taciturn +and obstinate.</p> + +<p>The laird of Dumbiedikes had hitherto been moderate in his exactions ... +but when a stout, active young fellow appeared ... he began to think so +broad a pair of shoulders might bear an additional burden. He regulated, +indeed, his management of his dependants as carters do their horses, +never failing to clap an additional brace of hundred-weights on a new +and willing horse.—Chap. 8 (1818).</p> + +<p><i>The young laird of Dumbiedikes</i> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a bashful young laird, in +love with Jeanie Deans, but Jeanie marries the Presbyterian minister, +Reuben Butler.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Dum'merar</b> (<i>The Rev. Dr.</i>), a friend of Sir Geoffrey Peveril.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Dummy</b> or SUPERNUMERARY. "Celimène," in the <i>Précieuses Ridicules</i>, +does not utter a single word, although she enters with other characters +on the stage.</p> + +<p><b>Dumtous'tie</b> (<i>Mr. Daniel</i>), a young barrister, and nephew of Lord +Bladderskate.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Dun</b> (<i>Squire</i>), the hangman who came between Richard Brandon and +Jack Ketch.</p> + +And presently a halter got,<br> +Made of the best strong hempen teer,<br> +And ere a cat could lick his ear,<br> +Had tied him up with as much art<br> +As Dun himself could do for's heart.<br> + +<p>Cotton, <i>Virgil Travestied</i>, iv. (1677).</p> + +<p><b>Dun Cow</b> (<i>The</i>), slain by Sir Guy of Warwick on Dunsmore Heath, was +the cow kept by a giant in Mitchel Fold [<i>middle-fold</i>], Shropshire. Its +milk was inexhaustible. One day an old woman, who had filled her pail, +wanted to fill her sieve also with its milk, but this so enraged the cow +that it broke away, and wandered to Dunsmore, where it was killed.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> A huge tusk, probably an elephant's, is still shown at +Warwick Castle as one of the horns of this wonderful cow.</p> + +<p><b>Dunbar and March</b> <i>(George, earl of</i>), who deserted to Henry IV. of +England, because the betrothal of his daughter Elizabeth to the king's +eldest son was broken off by court intrigue.</p> + +<p><i>Elizabeth Dunbar</i>, daughter of the earl of Dunbar and March, betrothed +to Prince Robert, duke of Rothsay, eldest son of Robert III. of +Scotland. The earl of Douglas contrived to set aside this betrothal in +favor of his own daughter Elizabeth, who married the prince, and became +duchess of Rothsay.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry +IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Duncan</b> "the Meek," king of Scotland, was son of Crynin, and +grandson of Malcolm II., whom he succeeded on the throne, Macbeth was +the son of the younger sister of Duncan's mother, and hence Duncan and +Macbeth were first cousins. Sueno, king of Norway, having invaded +Scotland, the command of the army was entrusted to Macbeth and Banquo, +and so great was their success that only ten men of the invading army +were left alive. After the battle, King Duncan paid a visit to Macbeth +in his castle of Inverness, and was there murdered by his host. The +successor to the throne was Duncan's son Malcolm, but Macbeth usurped +the crown.—Shakespeare, <i>Macbeth</i> (1606).</p> + +<p><i>Duncan (Captain)</i>, of Knockdunder, agent at Roseneath to the Duke of +Buckingham.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.). +<i>Duncan (Duroch)</i>, a follower of Donald Beau Lean.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Dunce</b>, wittily or willfully derived from Duns, surnamed "Scotus."</p> + +<p>In the Gaelic, <i>donas [means]</i> "bad luck" or in contempt, "a poor +ignorant creature." The Lowland Scotch has <i>donsie</i>, "unfortunate, +stupid."—<i>Notes and Queries</i>, 225, September 21, 1878.</p> + +<p><b>Dun'ciad</b> ("<i>the dunce epic</i>"), a satire by Alexander Pope—written +to revenge himself upon his literary enemies. The plot is this: Eusden +the poet-laureate being dead, the goddess of Dulness elects Colley +Cibber as his successor. The installation is celebrated by games, the +most important being the "reading of two voluminous works, one in verse +and the other in prose, without nodding." King Cibber is then taken to +the temple of Dulness, and lulled to sleep on the lap of the goddess. In +his dream he sees the triumphs of the empire. Finally the goddess having +established the kingdom on a firm basis, Night and Chaos are restored, +and the poem ends (1728-42).</p> + +<p><b>Dundas</b>, <i>(Starvation)</i>, Henry Dundas, first Lord Melville. So +called because he introduced into the language the word <i>starvation</i>, in +a speech on American affairs (1775).</p> + +<p><b>Dunder</b> <i>(Sir David</i>), of Dunder Hall, near Dover. An hospitable, +conceited, whimsical old gentleman, who forever interrupts a speaker +with "Yes, yes, I know it," or "Be quiet, I know it." He rarely finishes +a sentence, but runs on in this style: "Dover is an odd sort of a—eh?" +"It is a dingy kind of a—humph!" "The ladies will be happy to—eh?" He +is the father of two daughters, Harriet and Kitty, whom he accidentally +detects in the act of eloping with two guests. To prevent a scandal, he +sanctions the marriages, and discovers that the two lovers, both in +family and fortune, are suitable sons-in-law.</p> + +<p><i>Lady Dunder</i>, fat, fair, and forty if not more. A country lady, more +fond of making jams and pastry than doing the fine lady. She prefers +cooking to croquet, and making the kettle sing to singing herself. (See +HARRIET and KITTY.)—G. Colman, <i>Ways and Means</i> (1788).</p> + +<p>William Dowton [1764-1851] played "Sir Anthony Absolute," "Sir Peter +Teazle," "Sir David Dunder," and "Sir John Falstaff," and looked the +very characters he represented.—W. Donaldson, <i>Recollections</i>.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> "Sir Anthony Absolute," in <i>The Rivals</i> (Sheridan); "Sir +Peter Teazle," in <i>The School for Scandal</i> (Sheridan).</p> + +<p><b>Dundrear'y</b> <i>(Lord)</i>, a good natured, indolent, blundering, +empty-headed swell; the chief character in Tom Taylor's dramatic piece +entitled <i>Our American Cousin</i>. He is greatly characterized by his +admiration of "Brother Sam," for his incapacity to follow out the +sequence of any train of thought, and for supposing all are insane who +differ from him.</p> + +<p>(Mr. Sothern of the Haymarket created this character by his power of +conception and the genius of his acting.)</p> + +<p><b>Dunios</b> <i>(The count de</i>), in Sir W. Scott's novel of <i>Quentin +Durward</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Dunois the Brave</b>, hero of the famous French song, set to music by +Queen Hortense, mother of Napoleon III., and called <i>Partant pour +Syrie</i>. His prayer to the Virgin, when he left for Syria, was:</p> + +Que j'aime la plus belle,<br> +Et sois le plus vaillant!<br> + +<p>He behaved with great valor, and the count whom he followed gave him his +daughter to wife. The guests, on the bridal day, all cried aloud:</p> + +Amour à la plus belle!<br> +Honneur an plus vaillant!<br> +Words by M. de Laborde (1809).<br> + +<p><b>Dun'over,</b> a poor gentleman introduced by Sir W. Scott in the +introduction of <i>The Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Dunrommath</b>, lord of Uthal, one of the Orkneys. He carried off +Oith'ona, daughter of Nuath (who was engaged to be married to Gaul, son +of Morni), and was slain by Gaul in fight.</p> + +<p>Gaul advanced in his arms. Dunrommath shrunk behind his people. But the +spear of Gaul pierced the gloomy chief; his sword lopped off his head as +it bended in death.—Ossian, <i>Oithoha</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Duns Scotus</b>, called "The Subtle Doctor," said to have been born at +Dunse, in Berwickshire, or Dunstance, in Northumberland (1265-1308).</p> + +<p>John Scotus, called <i>Erigena</i> ("Erin-born"), is quite another person +(_-886). Erigena is sometimes called "Scotus the Wise," and lived four +centuries before "The Subtle Doctor."</p> + +<p><b>Dun-Shunner</b> <i>(Augustus)</i>, a <i>nom de plnme</i> of Professor William +Edmonstoune Aytoun, in <i>Blackwood's Magazine</i> (1813-1865).</p> + +<p><b>Duns'tan</b> <i>(St.)</i>, patron saint of goldsmiths and jewellers. He was +a smith, and worked up all sorts of metals in his cell near Glastonbury +Church. It was in this cell that, according to legend, Satan had a +gossip with the saint, and Dunstan caught his sable majesty by the nose +with a pair of red-hot forceps.</p> + +<p><b>Dunthal'mo,</b> lord of Teutha <i>(the Tweed).</i> He went "in his pride +against Rathmor," chief of Clutha (<i>the Clyde</i>), but being overcome, +"his rage arose," and he went "by night with his warriors" and slew +Rathmor in his banquet hall. Touched with pity for his two young sons +(Calthon and Colmar), he took them to his own house and brought them up. +"They bent the bow in his presence, and went forth to his wars." But +observing that their countenances fell, Dunthalmo began to be suspicious +of the young men, and shut them up in two separate caves on the banks of +the Tweed, where neither "the sun penetrated by day nor the moon by +night." Colmal (the daughter of Dunthalmo), disguised as a young +warrior, loosed Calthon from his bonds, and fled with him to the court +of Fingal, to crave aid for the liberation of Colmar. Fingal sent his +son Ossian with 300 men to effect this object, but Dunthalmo, hearing of +their approach, gathered together his strength and slew Colmar. He also +seized Calthon, mourning for his brother, and bound him to an oak. At +daybreak Ossian moved to the fight, slew Dunthalmo, and having released +Calthon, "gave him to the white-bosomed Colmal."—Ossian, <i>Calthon and +Colmal</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Dupeley</b> (<i>Sir Charles</i>), a man who prided himself on his +discernment of character, and defied any woman to entangle him in +matrimony; but he mistook Lady Bab Lardoon, a votary of fashion, for an +unsophisticated country maiden, and proposed marriage to her.</p> + +"I should like to see the woman," he says,<br> +"that could entangle me ... Shew me a woman<br> +...and at the first glance I will discover the<br> +whole extent of her artifice."—Burgoyne, <i>The<br> +Maid of the Oaks</i>, i. I.<br> + +<p><b>Duprè</b> [<i>Du.Pray</i>'], a servant of Mr. Darlemont, who assists his +master in abandoning Julio, count of Harancour (his ward) in the streets +of Paris, for the sake of becoming possessor of his ward's property. +Duprè repents and confesses the crime.—Th. Holcroft, <i>The Deaf and +Dumb</i> (1785).</p> + +<p><b>Duran'dal,</b> the sword of Orlando, the workmanship of fairies. So +admirable was its temper that it would "cleave the Pyrenees at a +blow."—Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516)</p> + +<p><b>Durandar'te</b> (<i>4 syl</i>.), a knight who fell +at Roncesvallês (<i>4 syl</i>.). Durandartê loved +Belerma whom he served for seven years, +and was then slain; but in dying he requested +his cousin Montesi'nos to take his +heart to Belerma.</p> + +Sweet in manners, fair in favor,<br> +Mild in temper, fierce in fight.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Lewis.</span><br> + +<p><b>Dur'den</b> <i>(Dame)</i>, a notable country gentlewoman, who kept five +men-servants "to use the spade and flail," and five women-servants "to +carry the milken-pail." The five men loved the five maids. Their names +were:</p> + +Moll and Bet, and Doll and Kate, and Dorothy Draggletail;<br> +John and Dick, and Joe and Jack, and Humphrey with his flail.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;"><i>A Well-known Glee</i>.</span><br> + +<p>(In <i>Bleak House</i>, by C. Dickens, Esther Summerson is playfully called +"Dame Durden.")</p> + +<p><b>Duretete</b> <i>(Captain)</i>, a rather heavy gentleman who takes lessons in +gallantry from his friend, young Mirabel. Very bashful with ladies, and +for ever sparring with Bisarre, who teazes him unmercifully <i>[Dure-tait, +Be-zar'].</i>—G. Farquhar, <i>The Inconstant</i> (1702).</p> + +<p><b>Durinda'na,</b> Orlando's sword, given him by his cousin Malagi'gi. +This sword and the horn Olifant were buried at the feet of the hero.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Charlemagne's sword "Joyeuse" was also buried with him, and +"Tizo'na" was buried with the Cid.</p> + +<p><b>Duroti'ges</b> (4. <i>syl</i>.). Below the Hedui (those of Somersetshire) +came the Durotigês, sometimes called Mor'ini. Their capital was Du'rinum +(<i>Dorchester</i>), and their territory extended to Vindel'ia (<i>Portland +Isle</i>).—Richard of Cireneestre, <i>Ancient State of Britain</i>, vi. 15.</p> + +<p>The Durotigês on the Dorsetian sand.</p> + +<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xvi. (1613).</p> + +<p><b>Durward</b> (<i>Quentin</i>), hero and title of a novel by Sir W. Scott. +Quentin Durward is the nephew of Ludovic Lesly (surnamed <i>LeBalafré</i>). +He enrolls himself in the Scottish guard, a company of archers in the +pay of Louis XI., at Plessis les Tours, and saves the king in a +boar-hunt. When Lèigeis is assaulted by insurgents, Quentin Durward and +the Countess Isabelle de Croye escape on horseback. The countess +publicly refuses to marry the duc d'Orlèans, and ultimately marries the +young Scotchman.</p> + +<p><b>Dusronnal,</b> one of the two steeds of Cuthullin, general of the Irish +tribes. The other was "Sulin-Sifadda" (<i>q. v.</i>).</p> + +Before the left side of the car is seen the<br> +snorting horse. The thin-maned, high-headed,<br> +strong-hoofed, fleet, bounding son of the hill.<br> +His name Dusronnal, among the stormy sons of<br> +the sword ... the [<i>two</i>] steeds like wreaths of<br> +mist fly over the vales. The wildness of deer is<br> +in their course, the strength of eagles descending<br> +on the prey.—Ossian, <i>Fingal</i> i.<br> + +<p><b>Dutch School</b> of painting, noted for its exactness of detail and +truthfullness to life:—For <i>Portraits</i>: Rembrandt, Bol, Flinck, Hals, +and Vanderhelst.</p> + +<p>For <i>Conversation pieces</i>: Gerhard Douw, Terburg, Metzu, Mieris, and +Netscher.</p> + +<p>For <i>low life</i>: Ostade Brower and Jan Steen.</p> + +<p>For <i>landscapes</i>: Ruysdael, Hobbema, Cuyp, Vanderneer (<i>moonlight +scenes</i>), Berchem and A. Both.</p> + +<p>For <i>battle scenes</i>: Wouvermans and Huchtenburg.</p> + +<p>For <i>marine pieces</i>: Vandevelde and Bakhuizen.</p> + +<p>For <i>still life and flowers</i>: Kalf, A. van Utrecht, Van Huysum, and De +Heem.</p> + +<p><b>Dutch Housewifery.</b> In his papers upon <i>Old New York</i> (1846), John +Fanning Watson pays a just tribute to Knickerbocker housekeepers.</p> + +"The cleanliness of Dutch housewifery was<br> +always extreme. Everything had to submit to<br> +scrubbing and scouring; dirt in no form could<br> +be endured by them, and dear as water was in<br> +the city, where it was generally sold, still it was<br> +in perpetual requisition. It was their honest<br> +pride to see a well-furnished dresser, showing<br> +copper and pewter in shining splendor as if for<br> +ornament rather than for use. In all this they<br> +differed widely from the Germans, a people with<br> +whom they have been erroneously and often<br> +confounded. Roost fowls and ducks are not<br> +more different. As water draws one it repels<br> +the other."<br> + +<p><b>Dutton</b> (<i>Mrs. Dolly</i>), dairy-maid to the Duke of Argyll.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Dwarf.</b> The following are celebrated dwarfs of real life:—</p> + +<p>ANDROMEDA, 2 feet 4 inches. One of Julia's free maids.</p> + +<p>ARISTRATOS, the poet. "So small," says Athenaeos, "that no one could see +him."</p> + +<p>BEBE (2 <i>syl</i>), 2 feet 9 inches. The dwarf of Stanislas, king of Poland +(died 1764). BORUWLASKI (<i>Count Joseph</i>), 2 feet 4 inches. Died aged 98 +(1739-1837). He had a brother and a sister both dwarfs.</p> + +<p>BUCHINGER (<i>Matthew</i>), who had no arms or legs, but <i>fins</i> from the +shoulders. He could draw, write, thread needles, and play the hautboy. +Fac-similes of his writing are preserved among the Harleian MSS. (born +1674-_).</p> + +<p>CHUNG, recently exhibited with Chang the giant.</p> + +<p>COLO'BRI (<i>Prince</i>), of Sleswig, 25 inches; weight, 25 lbs. (1851).</p> + +<p>CONOPAS, 2 feet 4 inches. One of the dwarfs of Julia, niece of Augustus.</p> + +<p>COPPERNIN, the dwarf of the princess of Wales, mother of George III. The +last court-dwarf in England.</p> + +<p>CRACHAMI (<i>Caroline</i>), a Sicilian, born at Palermo, 20 inches. Her +skeleton is preserved in Hunter's Museum (1814-1824).</p> + +<p>DECKER or DUCKER (<i>John</i>), 2 feet 6 inches. An Englishman (1610).</p> + +<p>FARREL (<i>Owen</i>), 3 feet 9 inches. Born at Cavan. He was of enormous +strength (died 1742).</p> + +<p>FERRY (<i>Nicholas</i>), usually called Bébé, contemporary with Boruwlaski. +He was a native of France. Height at death, 2 feet 9 inches (died 1737).</p> + +<p>GIBSON (<i>Richard</i>) and his wife Anne Shepherd. Neither of them 4 feet. +Gibson was a noted portrait painter, and a page of the back-stairs in +the court of Charles I. The king honored the wedding with his presence; +and they had nine children (1615-1690).</p> + +Design or chance makes others wive,<br> +But Nature did this match contrive.<br> +<br> +Waller (1642).<br> + +<p>HUDSON (<i>Sir Jeffrey</i>), 18 inches. He was born at Oakham, in +Rutlandshire (1619—1678).</p> + +<p>LUCIUS, 2 feet; weight 17 lbs. The dwarf of the Emperor Augustus. +PHILE'TAS, a poet, so small that "he wore leaden shoes to prevent being +blown away by the wind" (died B.C. 280).</p> + +<p>PHILIPS (<i>Calvin</i>) weighed less than 2 lbs. His thighs were not thicker +than a man's thumb. He was born at Bridgewater, Massachusetts, in 1791.</p> + +<p>RITCHIE (<i>David</i>), 3 feet 6 inches. Native of Tweeddale.</p> + +<p>SOUVRAY (<i>Therese</i>).</p> + +<p>STOBEUIN (<i>C.H.</i>) of Nuremberg was less than 3 feet at the age of 20. +His father, mother, brothers, and sisters were all under the medium +height.</p> + +<p>THUMB (<i>General Tom</i>). His real name was Charles S. Stratton; 25 inches; +weight, 25 lbs. at the age of 25. Born at Bridgeport, Connecticut, in +1832.</p> + +<p>THUMB (<i>Tom</i>), 2 feet 4 inches. A Dutch dwarf.</p> + +<p>XIT, the royal dwarf of Edward VI.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Nicephorus Calistus tells us of an Egyptian dwarf "not +bigger than a partridge."</p> + +<p><i>Dwarf</i> of Lady Clerimond was named Pac'olet. She had a winged horse, +which carried off Valentine, Orson, and Clerimond from the dungeon of of +Ferragus to the palace of King Pepin; and subsequently carried Valentine +to the palace of Alexander, his father, emperor of Constantinople. +<i>Valentine and Orson</i> (fifteenth century).</p> + +<p><i>Dwarf</i> (<i>The Black</i>), a fairy of malignant propensities, and considered +the author of all the mischief of the neighborhood. In Sir W. Scott's +novel so called, this imp is introduced under various <i>aliases</i>, as Sir +Edward Mauley, Elshander the recluse, cannie Elshie, and the Wise Wight +of Micklestane Moor.</p> + +<p><b>Dwarf Alberich</b>, the guardian of the Niebelungen hoard. He is twice +vanquished by Siegfried, who gets possession of his cloak of +invisibility, and makes himself master of the hoard.—<i>The Niebelungen +Lied</i> (1210).</p> + +<p><b>Dwarf Peter,</b> an allegorical romance by Ludwick Tieck. The dwarf is +a castle spectre, who advises and aids the family, but all his advice +turns out evil, and all his aid is productive of trouble. The dwarf is +meant for "the law in our members, which wars against the law of our +minds, and brings us into captivity to the law of sin."</p> + +<p><b>Dwining</b> (<i>Henbane</i>), a pottingar or apothecary.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Dying Sayings</b> (real or traditional):</p> + +<p>ADDISON. See how a Christian dies! <i>or</i> See in what peace a Christian +can die!</p> + +<p>ANAXAGORAS. Give the boys a holiday.</p> + +<p>[||]AERIA. My Paetus, it is not painful.</p> + +<p>[ç] AUGUSTUS. Vos plaudite. (After asking how he had acted his part in +life.)—Cicero.</p> + +<p>BEAUFORT (<i>Cardinal Henry</i>). I pray you all, pray for me.</p> + +<p>BERRY (<i>Mde. de</i>). Is not this dying with courage and true greatness?</p> + +<p>BRONTE (the brother of the authoresses). While there is life there is +will. (He died standing.)</p> + +<p>BYRON. I must sleep now.</p> + +<p>[§] CÆSAR (<i>Julius</i>). Et tu, Brute! (To Brutus, when he stabbed him.)</p> + +<p>[*] CHARLEMAGNE. Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit!</p> + +<p>CHARLES I. (of England). Remember! (To William Juxon, archbishop of +Canterbury).</p> + +<p>CHARLES II. (of England). Don't let poor Nellie starve! (Nell Gwynne).</p> + +<p>CHARLES V. Ah! Jesus!</p> + +<p>CHARLES IX. (of France). Nurse, nurse, what murder! what blood! Oh! I +have done wrong. God pardon me! CHARLOTTE (<i>The Princess</i>). You make me +drink. Pray, leave me quiet. I find it affects my head.</p> + +<p>CHESTERFIELD. Give Day Rolles a chair.</p> + +<p>COLUMBUS. Lord, into Thy hands I commend my spirit!</p> + +<p>CROME (<i>John</i>), O Hobbima, Hobbima, how I do love thee!</p> + +<p>CROMWELL. My desire is to make what haste I may to be gone.</p> + +<p>[**]DEMONAX (the philosopher). You may go home, the show is over.—Lucian.</p> + +<p>ELDEN (<i>Lord</i>). It matters not where I am going, whether the weather be +cold or hot.</p> + +<p>FONTENELLE. I suffer nothing, but feel a sort of difficulty in living +longer.</p> + +<p>FRANKLIN. A dying man can do nothing easy.</p> + +<p>GAINSBOROUGH. We are all going to heaven, and Vandyke is of the company.</p> + +<p>GEORGE IV. Whatty, what is this? It is death, my boy. They have deceived +me. (Said to his page, Sir Wathen Waller).</p> + +<p>GIBBON. Mon Dieu! Mon Dieu!</p> + +<p>[¶] GOETHE. More light!</p> + +<p>GREGORY VII. I have loved justice and hated iniquity, therefore I die in +exile.</p> + +<p>[*] GREY (<i>Lady Jane</i>). Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit!</p> + +<p>GROTIUS. Be serious.</p> + +<p>HADYN. God preserve the emperor!</p> + +<p>HALLER. The artery ceases to beat.</p> + +<p>HAZLITT. I have led a happy life.</p> + +<p>HOBBES. Now am I about to take my last voyage—a great leap in the dark.</p> + +<p>[||] HUNTER (<i>Dr. William</i>). If I had strength to hold a pen, I would +write down how easy and pleasant a thing it is to die.</p> + +<p>IRVING. If I die, I die unto the Lord. Amen.</p> + +<p>JAMES V. (of Scotland). It came with a lass, and will go with a lass +(<i>i.e.</i> the Scotch crown).</p> + +<p>JEFFERSON (of America). I resign my spirit to God, my daughter to my +country.</p> + +<p>JOHNSON (<i>Dr.</i>). God bless you, my dear! (To Miss Morris).</p> + +<p>KNOX. Now it is come.</p> + +<p>LOUIS I. Huz! huz! Bouquet says: "He turned his face to the wall; and +twice cried, 'Huz! huz!' (<i>out, out</i>), and then died."</p> + +<p>LOUIS IX. I will enter now into the house of the Lord.</p> + +<p>[||] Louis XIV. Why weep ye! Did you think I should live for ever? (Then +after a pause) I thought dying had been harder.</p> + +<p>[**] Louis XVII. A king should die standing.</p> + +<p>MAHOMET. O, Allah, be it so! Henceforth among the glorious host of +paradise.</p> + +<p>MARGARET (of Scotland, wife of Louis XI. of France). Fi de la vie! qu'on +ne m'en parle plus.</p> + +<p>MARIE ANTOINETTE. Farewell, my children, for ever. I go to your father.</p> + +<p>[§] MASANIELLO. Ungratetul traitors! (Said to the assassins.)</p> + +<p>MATHEWS (<i>Charles</i>). I am ready.</p> + +<p>MIRABEAU. Let me die to the sounds of delicious music.</p> + +<p>MOODY (the actor):</p> + +Reason thus with life,<br> +If I do lose thee, I do lose a thing<br> +That none but fools would keep.<br> +<br> +Shakespeare.<br> + +<p>MOORE (<i>Sir John</i>). I hope my country will do me justice.</p> + +<p>NAPOLEON I. Mon Dieu! La nation Francaise! Tête d'armée!</p> + +<p>NAPOLEON III. Were you at Sedan? (To Dr. Conneau.)</p> + +<p>NELSON. I thank God I have done my duty.</p> + +<p>NERO. Qualis artifex pereo!</p> + +<p>PALMER (the actor). There is another and a better country. (This he said +on the stage, it being a line in the part he was acting. From <i>The +Stranger</i>.)</p> + +<p>PITT (<i>William</i>). O, my country, how I love thee!</p> + +<p>PIZARRO. Jesu!</p> + +<p>POPE. Friendship itself is but a part of virtue.</p> + +<p>[**] RABELAIS. Let down the curtain, the farce is over.</p> + +<p>SAND (<i>George</i>). Laisez la verdure. (Meaning, "Leave the tomb green, do +not cover it over with bricks or stone." George Sand was Mde. Dudevant.)</p> + +<p>SCHILLER. Many things are growing plain and clear to my understanding.</p> + +<p>SCOTT (<i>Sir Walter</i>). God bless you all! (To his family.) SIDNEY +(<i>Algernon</i>). I know that my Redeemer liveth. I die for the good old +cause.</p> + +<p>SOCRATES. Crito, we owe a cock to Æsculapius.</p> + +<p>STAEL (<i>Mde. de</i>). I have loved God, my father, and liberty.</p> + +<p>[¶] TALMA. The worst is, I cannot see.</p> + +<p>[*] TASSO. Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit!</p> + +<p>THURLOW (<i>Lord</i>). I'll be shot if I don't believe I'm dying.</p> + +<p>[**] VESPASIAN. A king should die standing.</p> + +<p>WEBSTER. I still live!</p> + +<p>WILLIAM III. (of England). Can this last long? (To his physician).</p> + +<p>WILLIAM OF NASSAU. O God, have mercy upon me, and upon this poor nation! +(This was said as he was shot by Balthasar Gerard, 1584).</p> + +<p>WOLFE (<i>General</i>). What! do they run already? Then I die happy.</p> + +<p>WYATT (<i>Thomas</i>) That which I then said I unsay. That which I now say is +true. (This to the priest who reminded him that he had accused the +Princess Elizabeth of treason to the council, and that he now alleged +her to be innocent.)</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Those names preceded by similar pilcrows indicate that +the "dying words" ascribed to them are identical or nearly so. Thus the +[*] before Charlemagne, Columbus, Lady Jane Grey, and Tasso, show that +their words were alike. So with the before Augustus, Demonax, and +Rabelais; the [**] before Louis XVIII. and Vespasian; the [§] before +Cæsar and Masaniello; the [||] before Arria, Hunter, and Louis XIV.; +and the [¶] before Goethe and Talma.</p> + +<p><b>Dys'colus,</b> Moroseness personified in <i>The Purple Island</i>, by +Phineas Fletcher (1633). "He nothing liked or praised." Fully described +in canto viii. (Greek, <i>duskolos</i>, "fretful.")</p> + +<p><b>Dysmas, Dismas, or Demas</b>, the penitent thief crucified with our +Lord. The impenitent thief is called Gesmas or Gestas.</p> + +Alta petit Dismas, infelix innma Gesmas.<br> +<br> +<i>Part of a Charm</i>.<br> +<br> +To paradise thief Dismas went,<br> +But Gesmas died impenitent.<br> + +<p> </p> + +<p> </p> + +<p><b><img border="0" src="images/E.jpg" width="191" height="192" align="left" alt="e.jpg"></b></p> + +<p> </p> + +<p> </p> + +<p> </p> + +<p><b>ADBURGH,</b> daughter of +Edward the Elder, king of +England, and Eadgifu, his +wife. When three years +old, her father placed on +the child some rings and +bracelets, and showed her a chalice and a +book of the Gospels, asking which she +would have. The child chose the chalice +and book, and Edward was pleased that +"the child would be a daughter of God." +She became a nun, and lived and died in +Winchester.</p> + +<p><b>Eagle</b> (<i>The</i>), ensign of the Roman legion. Before the Cimbrian war, +the wolf, the horse, and the boar were also borne as ensigns, but Marius +abolished these, and retained the eagle only, hence called emphatically +"The Roman Bird."</p> + +<p><i>Eagle (The Theban)</i>, Pindar, a native of Thebes (B.C. 518-442).</p> + +<p><b>Eagle of Brittany</b>, Bertrand Duguesclin, constable of France +(1320-1380).</p> + +<p><b>Eagle of Divines</b>, Thomas Aqui'nas (1224-1274).</p> + +<p><b>Eagle of Meaux</b> [<i>Mo</i>], Jacques Bénigne Bossuet, bishop of Meaux +(1627-1704).</p> + +<p><b>Eagle of the Doctors of France</b>, Pierre d'Ailly, a great astrologer, +who maintained that the stars foretold the great flood (1350-1425).</p> + +<p><b>Earnscliffe</b> (<i>Patrick</i>), the young laird of Earnscliffe.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Black Dwarf</i> (time, Anne).</p> + +<p><b>Eastward Ho!</b> a comedy by Chapman, Marston, and Ben Jonson. For this +drama the three authors were imprisoned "for disrespect to their +sovereign lord, King James I." (1605). (See WESTWARD Ho!).</p> + +<p><b>Easty</b> (<i>Mary</i>), a woman of Salem (Mass), convicted of witchcraft, +sends before her death a petition to the court, asserting her innocence. +Of her accusers she says: "I know, and the Lord, He knows (as will +shortly appear), that they belie me, and so I question not but they do +others. The Lord alone, who is the searcher of all hearts knows, as I +shall answer it at the tribunal seat, that I know not the least thing of +witchcraft. Therefore I cannot, I durst not, belie my own soul."—Robert +Caleb, <i>More Wonders of the Invisible World</i> (1700).</p> + +<p><b>Easy</b> (<i>Midshipman</i>), hero of Marryatt's sea-story of same name.</p> + +<p><i>Easy (Sir Charles)</i>, a man who hates trouble; "so lazy, even in his +pleasures, that he would rather lose the woman of his pursuit, than go +through any trouble in securing or keeping her." He says he is resolved +in future to "follow no pleasure that rises above the degree of +amusement." "When once a woman comes to reproach me with vows, and +usage, and such stuff, I would as soon hear her talk of bills, bonds, +and ejectments; her passion becomes as troublesome as a law-suit, and I +would as soon converse with my solicitor." (act iii.).</p> + +<p><i>Lady Easy</i>, wife of Sir Charles, who dearly loves him, and knows all +his "naughty ways," but never shows the slightest indication of +ill-temper or jealousy. At last she wholly reclaims him.—Colley +Cibber, <i>The Careless Husband</i> (1704).</p> + +<p><b>Eaton Theophilus</b> (<i>Governor</i>). In his eulogy upon Governor Eaton, +Dr. Cotton Mather lays stress upon the distinction drawn by that eminent +Christian man between stoicism and resignation.</p> + +<p>"There is a difference between a sullen silence or a stupid +senselessness under the hand of GOD, and a childlike submission +thereunto."</p> + +<p>"In his daily life", we are told, "he was affable, courteous, and +generally pleasant, but grave perpetually, and so courteous and +circumspect in his discourses, and so modest in his expressions, that it +became a proverb for incontestable truth,"—"Governor Eaton said +it."—Cotton Mather, <i>Magnolia Christi Americana</i> (1702).</p> + +<p><b>Eberson</b> (<i>Ear</i>), the young son of William de la Marck, "The Wild +Boar of Ardennes."—Sir W. Scott, <i>Quentin Durward</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Eblis</b>, monarch of the spirits of evil. Once an angel of light, but, +refusing to worship Adam, he lost his high estate. Before his fall he +was called Aza'zel. The <i>Korân</i> says: "When We [<i>God</i>] said unto the +angels, 'Worship Adam,' they all worshipped except Eblis, who refused +... and became of the number of unbelievers" (ch. ii.).</p> + +<p><b>Ebon Spear</b> (<i>Knight of the</i>), Britomart, daughter of King Ryence of +Wales.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iii. (1590).</p> + +<p><b>Ebrauc</b>, son of Mempric (son of Guendolen and Madden) mythical king +of England. He built Kaer-brauc [<i>York</i>], about the time that David +reigned in Judea.—Geoffrey, <i>British History</i>, ii. 7 (1142).</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">By Ebrauk's powerful hand</span><br> +York lifts her towers aloft.<br> +<br> +Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, viii. (1612).<br> + +<p><b>Ecclesiastical History</b> (<i>The Father of</i>), Eusebius of Cæsarea +(264-340).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">His <i>Historia Fcclesiastica</i>, in ten books, begins with +the birth of Christ and concludes with the defeat of Licinius by +Constantine, A.D. 324.</p> + +<p><b>Echeph'ron,</b> an old soldier, who rebuked the advisers of King +Picrochole (3 <i>syl</i>.), by relating to them the fable of <i>The Man and his +Ha'p'orth of Milk</i>. The fable is as follows:—</p> + +<p>A shoemaker brought a ha'poth of milk: with this he was going to make +butter; the butter was to buy a cow; the cow was to have a calf; the +calf was to be changed for a colt; and the man was to become a nabob; +only he cracked his jug, spilt his milk, and went supperless to +bed.—Rabelais, <i>Pantagruel</i>, i. 33 (1533.)</p> + +<p>This fable is told in the <i>Arabian Nights</i> ("The Barber's Fifth Brother, +Alnas-char.") Lafontaine has put it into verse, <i>Perrette et le Pot au +Lait</i>. Dodsley has the same, <i>The Milk-maid and her Pail of Milk</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Echo</b>, in classic poetry, is a female, and in English also; but in +Ossian echo is called "the son of the rock."—<i>Songs of Selma.</i></p> + +<p><b>Eck'hart</b> <i>(The Trusty</i>), a good servant, who perishes to save his +master's children from the mountain fiends.—Louis Tieck.</p> + +<p>(Carlyle has translated this tale into English.)</p> + +<p><b>Eclecta</b>, the "Elect" personified in <i>The Purple Island</i>, by Phineas +Fletcher. She is the daughter of Intellect and Voleta <i>(free-will)</i>, and +ultimately becomes the bride of Jesus Christ, "the bridegroom" (canto +xii., 1633).</p> + +<p>But let the Kentish lad [<i>Phineas Fletcher</i>] ... that sung and crowned +Eclecta's hymen with ten thousand flowers Of choicest praise ... be the +sweet pipe.</p> + +<p>Giles Fletcher, <i>Christ's Triumph, etc</i>, (1610).</p> + +<p><b>École des Femmes</b>, a comedy of Molière, the plot of which is +borrowed from the novelletti of <i>Ser Giovanni</i> (1378.)</p> + +<p><b>Ector</b> (<i>Sir</i>), lord of many parts of England and Wales, and +foster-father of Prince Arthur. His son Sir Key or Kay, was seneschal or +steward of Arthur when he became king.—Sir T. Malory, <i>History of +Prince Arthur</i>, i. 3 (1470.)</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Sir Ector and Sir Ector de Maris were two distinct persons.</p> + +<p><b>Ector de Maris</b> (<i>Sir</i>), brother "of Sir Launcelot" of Benwick, +<i>i.e.</i> Brittany.</p> +<br> + +<p>Then Sir Ector threw his shield, his sword, and his helm from him, and +... he fell down in a swoon; and when he awaked, it were hard for any +tongue to tell the doleful complaints [<i>lamentations</i>] that he made for +his brother. "Ah, Sir Launcelot" said he "head of all Christian +knights." ... etc.—Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, iii. 176 +(1470.)</p> + +<p><b>Eden</b> (<i>A Journey to the land of</i>), Col. William Evelyn Byrd of +Westover Virginia gives this name to a tract of Southern Virginia +surveyed under his direction and visited by him in one of his numerous +expeditions for the good of the young colony.</p> + +<p>(Colonel Byrd laid out upon his own ground the cities of Richmond and +Petersburgh, Va.)—William Evelyn Byrd, <i>Westover MSS.</i> (1728-39).</p> + +<p><i>Eden</i>, in America. A dismal swamp, the climate of which generally +proved fatal to the poor dupes who were induced to settle there through +the swindling transactions of General Scadder and General Choke. So +dismal and dangerous was the place, that even Mark Tapley was satisfied +to have found at last a place where he could "come out jolly with +credit."—C. Dickens, <i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i> (1844).</p> + +<p><b>Edenhall</b> (<i>The Luck of</i>) an old painted goblet, left by the fairies +on St. Cuthbert's Well in the garden of Edenhall. The superstition is +that if ever this goblet is lost or broken, there will be no more luck +in the family. The goblet is in possession of Sir Christopher Musgrave, +bart. Edenhall, Cumberland.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Longfellow has a poem on <i>The Luck of Edenhall</i>, +translated from Uhland.</p> + +<p><b>Edgar</b> (959-775), "king of all the English," was not crowned till he +had reigned thirteen years (A.D. 973). Then the ceremony was performed +at Bath. After this he sailed to Chester, and eight of his vassal kings +came with their fleets to pay him homage, and swear fealty to him by +land and sea. The eight are Kenneth (<i>king of Scots</i>), Malcolm (<i>of +Cumberland</i>), Maccus (<i>of the Isles</i>), and five Welsh princes, whose +names were Dufnal, Siferth, Huwal, Jacob, and Juchil. The eight kings +rowed Edgar in a boat (while he acted as steersman) from Chester to St. +John's, where they offered prayer and then returned.</p> + +At Chester, while he, [<i>Edgar</i>] lived at more than kingly charge.<br> +Eight tributary kings they rowed him in his barge.<br> +<br> +Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xii. (1613).<br> + +<p><i>Edgar</i>, son of Gloucester, and his lawful heir. He was disinherited by +Edmund, natural son of the earl.—Shakespeare, <i>King Lear</i> (1605).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> This was one of the characters of Robert Wilks +(1670-1732), and also of Charles Kemble (1774-1854).</p> + +<p><i>Edgar</i>, master of Ravenswood, son of Allan of Ravenswood (a decayed +Scotch nobleman). Lucy Ashton, being attacked by a wild bull, is saved +by Edgar, who shoots it; and the two falling in love with each other, +plight their mutual troth, and exchange love-tokens at the "Mermaid's +Fountain." While Edgar is absent in France on State affairs, Sir William +Ashton, being deprived of his office as lord keeper, is induced to +promise his daughter Lucy in marriage to Frank Hayston, laird of +Bucklaw, and they are married; but next morning, Bucklaw is found +wounded and the bride hidden in the chimney-corner insane. Lucy dies in +convulsions, but Bucklaw recovers and goes abroad. Edgar is lost in the +quick-sands at Kelpies Flow, in accordance with an ancient prophecy. Sir +W. Scott, <i>Bride of Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">In the opera, Edgar is made to stab himself.</p> + +<p><i>Edgar</i>, an attendant on Prince Robert of Scotland.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair +Maid of Perth</i> (time Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Edgardo</b>, master of Ravenswood, in love with Lucia di Lammermoor +[<i>Lucy Ashton</i>]. While absent in France on State affairs, the lady is +led to believe him faithless, and consents to marry the laird of +Bucklaw; but she stabs him on the bridal night, goes mad, and dies. +Edgardo also stabs himself. Donizetti, <i>Lucia di Lammermoor</i> (1835).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> In the novel called <i>The Bride of Lammermoor</i>, by Sir W. Scott, +Edgar is lost in the quicksands at Kelpies Flow, in accordance with an +ancient prophecy.</p> + +<p><b>Edgewood</b> (<i>L'Abbe</i>), who attended Louis XVI. to the scaffold, was +called "Mons. de Firmount," a corruption of Fairymount, in Longford +(Ireland), where the Edgeworths had extensive domains.</p> + +<p><b>Edging</b> (<i>Mistress</i>), a prying, mischief making waiting-woman, in +<i>The Careless Husband</i>, by Colly Cibber (1704.) <b>Edith</b> (<i>Leete</i>). +Name of the two girls beloved and won by Julian West in his first and +second lives.—Edward Bellamy, <i>Looking Backward</i> (1888).</p> + +<p><i>Edith</i>, daughter of Baldwin, the tutor of Rollo and Otto, dukes of +Normandy.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Bloody Brother</i> (1639).</p> + +<p><i>Edith</i>, the "maid of Lorn" (<i>Argyllshire</i>), was on the point of being +married to Lord Ronald, when Robert, Edward, and Isabel Bruce sought +shelter at the castle. Edith's brother recognized Robert Bruce, and +being in the English interest a quarrel ensued. The abbot refused to +marry the bridal pair amidst such discord. Edith fled and in the +character of a page had many adventures, but at the restoration of +peace, after the battle of Bannockburn, was duly married to Lord +Ronald.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Lord of the Isles</i> (1815).</p> + +<p><i>Edith (the lady)</i>, mother of Athelstane "the Unready" (thane of +Conningsburgh).—Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><i>Edith</i> [GRANGER], daughter of the Hon. Mrs. Skewton, married at the age +of 18 to Colonel Granger of "Ours," who died within two years, when +Edith and her mother lived as adventuresses. Edith became Mr. Dombey's +second wife, but the marriage was altogether an unhappy one, and she +eloped with Mr. Carker to Dijon, where she left him, having taken this +foolish step merely to annoy her husband for the slights to which he had +subjected her. On leaving Carker she went to live with her cousin +Feenix, in the south of England.—C. Dickens, <i>Dombey and Son</i> (1846).</p> + +<p><b>Edith Plantagenet</b> (<i>The lady</i>), called "The Fair Maid of Anjou," a +kinswoman of Richard I., and attendant of Queen Berenga'ria. She married +David, earl of Huntingdon (prince royal of Scotland), and is introduced +by Sir W. Scott in <i>The Talisman</i> (1825).</p> + +<p><b>Edmund</b>, natural son of the earl of Gloucester. Both Goneril and +Regan (daughters of King Lear) were in love with him. Regan, on the +death of her husband, designed to marry Edmund, but Goneril, out of +jealousy, poisoned her sister Regan.—Shakespeare, <i>King Lear</i> (1605).</p> + +<p><i>Edmund Andros</i>. In a letter to English friends (1698) Nathaniel Byfield +writes particulars of the revolt in the New England Colonies against the +royal governor, Sir Edmund Andros.</p> + +"We have, also, advice that on Friday last<br> +Sir Edmund Andros did attempt to make an<br> +escape in woman's apparel, and passed two<br> +guards and was stopped at the third, being discovered<br> +by his shoes, not having changed<br> +them." Nathaniel Byfield.—<i>An Account of the<br> +Late Revolution in New England</i> (1689).<br> + +<p><i>Edmund Dante</i> (See MONTE CRISTO).</p> + +<p><b>Edo'nian Bane</b> (<i>The</i>), priestesses and other ministers of Bacchus, +so called from Edo'nus, a mountain of Thrace, where the rites of the +wine-god were celebrated.</p> + +Accept the rites your bounty well may claim,<br> +Nor heed the scoffing of th' Edonian band.<br> +<br> +Akinside, <i>Hymn to the Naiads</i> (1767).<br> + +<p><b>Edric</b>, a domestic at Hereward's barracks.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Count +Robert of Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p> + +<p><b>Edward</b>, brother of Hereward the Varangian guard. He was slain in +battle.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Count Robert of Paris</i> (time, Rufus). <i>Edward +(Sir).</i> He commits a murder, and keeps a narrative of the transaction in +an iron chest. Wilford, a young man who acts as his secretary, was one +day caught prying into this chest, and Sir Edward's first impulse was to +kill him; but on second thought he swore the young man to secrecy, and +told him the story of the murder. Wilford, unable to live under the +suspicious eye of Sir Edward, ran away; but was hunted down by Edward, +and accused of robbery. The whole transaction now became public, and +Wilford was acquitted.—G. Colman, <i>The Iron Chest</i> (1796).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> This drama is based on Goodwin's novel of <i>Caleb Williams</i>. +"Williams" is called <i>Wilford</i> in the drama, and "Falkland" is called +<i>Sir Edward</i>.</p> + +Sowerby, whose mind was always in a ferment,<br> +was wont to commit the most ridiculous<br> +mistakes. Thus when "Sir Edward" says to<br> +"Wilford," "You may have noticed in my<br> +library a chest," he transposes the words thus:<br> +"You may have noticed in my chest a library,"<br> +and the house was convulsed with laughter.—<br> +Russell, <i>Representative Actors</i> (appendix).<br> + +<p><b>Edward II.</b>, a tragedy by C. Marlowe (1592), imitated by Shakespeare +in his <i>Richard II</i>. (1597). Probably most readers would prefer +Marlowe's noble tragedy to Shakespeare's.</p> + +<p><b>Edward IV.</b> of England, introduced by Sir W. Scott in his novel +entitled <i>Anne</i> of <i>Geierstein</i> (1829).</p> + +<p><b>Edward the Black Prince</b>, a tragedy by W. Shirley (1640). The +subject of this drama is the victory of Poitiers.</p> + +Yes, Philip lost the battle [<i>Cressy</i>] with the odds<br> +Of three to one. In this [<i>Poitiers</i>]...<br> +The have our numbers more than twelve times<br> +told,<br> +If we can trust report.<br> +<br> +Act iii. 2.<br> + +<p><b>Ed'widge,</b> wife of William Tell.—Rossini, +<i>Guglielmo Tell</i> (1829).</p> + +<p><b>Edwin</b> "the minstrel," a youth living in romantic seclusion, with a +great thirst for knowledge. He lived in Gothic days in the north +countrie, and fed his flocks on Scotia's mountains.</p> + +And yet poor Edwin was no vulgar boy,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Deep thought oft seemed to fix his infant eye,</span><br> +Danties he heeded not, nor gaude, nor toy,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Save one short pipe of rudest ministrelsy;</span><br> +Silent when glad, affectionate, yet shy ...<br> +And now he laughed aloud, yet none knew why.<br> +The neighbors stared and sighed, yet blessed the<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">lad;</span><br> +<br> +Some deemed him wonderous wise, and some believed<br> +him mad.<br> +<span style="margin-left: 7em;">Beattie, <i>The Minstrel</i>, 1. (1773).</span><br> + +<p><b>Edwin and Angeli'na.</b> Angelina was the daughter of a wealthy lord, +"beside the Tyne." Her hand was sought in marriage by many suitors, +amongst whom was Edwin, "who had neither wealth nor power, but he had +both wisdom and worth." Angelina loved him, but "trifled with him," and +Edwin, in despair, left her and retired from the world. One day, +Angelina, in boy's clothes, asked hospitality at a hermit's cell; she +was kindly entertained, told her tale, and the hermit proved to be +Edwin. From that hour they never parted more.—Goldsmith, <i>The Hermit.</i></p> + +<p>A correspondent accuses me of having taken this ballad from <i>The Friar +of Orders Gray</i> ... but if there is any resemblance between the two, Mr. +Percy's ballad is taken from mine. I read my ballad to Mr. Percy, and he +told me afterwards that he had taken my plan to form the fragments of +Shakespeare into a ballad of his own.—Signed, O. Goldsmith, 1767.</p> + +<p><b>Edwin and Emma.</b> Emma was a rustic beauty of Stanemore, who loved +Edwin "the pride of swains;" but Edwin's sister, out of envy, induced +his father, "a sordid man," to forbid any intercourse between Edwin and +the cottage. Edwin pined away, and being on the point of death, +requested he might be allowed to see Emma. She came and said to him, "My +Edwin, live for me;" but on her way home she heard the death bell toll. +She just contrived to reach her cottage door, cried to her mother, "He's +gone!" and fell down dead at her feet.—Mallet, <i>Edwin and Emma</i> (a +ballad).</p> + +<p><b>Ed'yrn,</b> son of Nudd. He ousted the earl of Yn'iol from his earldom, +and tried to to win E'nid, the earl's daughter, but failing in this, +became the evil genius of the gentle earl. Ultimately, being sent to the +court of King Arthur, he became quite a changed man—from a malicious +"sparrow-hawk" he was converted into a courteous gentleman.—Tennyson, +<i>Idylls of the King</i> ("Enid").</p> + +<p><b>Efeso</b> (<i>St</i>.), a saint honored in Pisa. He was a Roman officer +[<i>Ephesus</i>] in the service of Diocletian, whose reign was marked by a +great persecution of the Christians. This Efeso or Ephesus was appointed +to see the decree of the emperor against the obnoxious sect carried out +in the island of Sardinia; but being warned in a dream not to persecute +the servants of the Lord, both he and his friend Potito embraced +Christianity, and received a standard from Michael the archangel +himself. On one occasion, being taken captive, St. Efeso was cast into a +furnace of fire, but received no injury; whereas those who cast him in +were consumed by the flames. Ultimately, both Efeso and Potito suffered +martyrdom, and were buried in the island of Sardinia. When, however, +that island was conquered by Pisa in the eleventh century, the relics of +the two martyrs were carried off and interred in the duomo of Pisa, and +the banner of St. Efeso was thenceforth adopted as the national ensign +of Pisa.</p> + +<p><b>Egalité</b> (<i>Philippe</i>), the duc d'Orléans, father of Louis Philippe, +king of France. He himself assumed this "title" when he joined the +revolutionary party, whose motto was "Liberty, Fraternity, and Egalité" +(born 1747, guillotined 1793).</p> + +<p><b>Ege'us</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), father of Her'mia. He summoned her before +The'seus (2 <i>syl</i>.), duke of Athens, because she refused to marry +Demetrius, to whom he had promised her in marriage; and he requested +that she might either be compelled to marry him or else be dealt with +"according to law," <i>i.e.</i> "either to die the death," or else to "endure +the livery of a nun, and live a barren sister all her life." Hermia +refused to submit to an "unwished yoke," and fled from Athens with +Lysander. Demetrius, seeing that Hermia disliked him but that Hel'ena +doted on him, consented to abandon the one and wed the other. When Egëus +was informed thereof, he withdrew his summons, and gave his consent to +the union of his daughter with Lysander.—Shakespeare, <i>Midsummer +Night's Dream</i> (1592).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">S. Knowles, in <i>The Wife</i>, makes the plot turn on a +similar "law of marriage" (1833).</p> + +<p><b>E'gil</b>, brother of Weland; a great archer. One day, King Nidung +commanded him to shoot at an apple placed on the head of his own son. +Egil selected two arrows, and being asked why he wanted two, replied, +"One to shoot thee with, O tyrant, if I fail."</p> + +<p>(This is one of the many stories similar to that of <i>William Tell, +q.v.</i>) <b>Egilo'na,</b> the wife of Roderick, last of the Gothic kings of +Spain. She was very beautiful, but cold-hearted, vain, and fond of pomp. +After the fall of Roderick, Egilona married Abdal-Aziz, the Moorish +governor of Spain; and when Abdal-Aziz was killed by the Moorish rebels, +Egilona fell also.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The popular rage</span><br> +Fell on them both; and they to whom her name<br> +Had been a mark for mockery and reproach,<br> +Shuddered with human horror at her fate.<br> +<br> +Southey, <i>Roderick, etc</i>., xxii. (1814).<br> + +<p><b>Eg'Ia,</b> a female Moor, a servant to Amaranta (wife of Bar'tolus, the +covetous lawyer).—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Spanish Curate</i> (1622).</p> + +<p><b>Eg'lamour</b> (<i>Sir</i>) or SIR EGLAMORE of Artoys, a knight of Arthurian +romance. Sir Eglamour and Sir Pleindamour have no French original, +although the names themselves are French.</p> + +<p><i>Eg'lamour</i>, the person who aids Silvia, daughter of the duke of Milan, +in her escape.—Shakespeare, <i>The Two Gentlemen of Verona</i> (1594).</p> + +<p><b>Eglantine</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.). daughter of King Pepin, and bride of her +cousin Valentine (brother of Orson). She soon died.—<i>Valentine and +Orson</i> (fifteenth century).</p> + +<p><i>Eglantine (Madame)</i>, the prioress; good-natured, wholly ignorant of the +world, vain of her delicacy of manner at table, and fond of lap-dogs. +Her dainty oath was "By Saint Eloy!" She "entuned the service swetely in +her nose," and spoke French "after the scole of Stratford-atte-Bowe." +—Chaucer, <i>Canterbury Tales</i> (1388).</p> + +<p><b>Egmont.</b> Dutch patriot executed by order of Philip II. of +Spain.—Goethe's <i>Egmont</i> (1788).</p> + +<p><b>Egypt</b>, in Dryden's satire of <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, means +France.</p> + +Egypt and Tyrus [<i>Holland</i>] intercept your<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">trade.</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 17em;">Part i. (1681).</span><br> + +<p><b>Egyptian Princess.</b> Nitetis, the real daughter of Hophra, king of +Egypt, and the assumed daughter of Amases, his successor. She was sent +to Persia, as the bride of Cambyses, the king, but before their +marriage, was falsely accused of infidelity, and committed +suicide.—George Ebers, <i>An Egyptian Princess</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Egyptian Thief</b> (<i>The</i>), Thyamis, a native of Memphis. Knowing he +must die, he tried to kill Chariclea, the woman he loved.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Why should I not, had I the heart to do it,</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Like to th' Egyptian thief at point of death,</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Kill what I love?</span><br> +Shakespeare, <i>Twelth Night</i>, act v. sc. 1 (1614).<br> + +<p><b>Eighth Wonder</b> (<i>The</i>). When Gil Blas reached Pennaflor, a parasite +entered his room in the inn, hugged him with great energy, and called +him the "eighth wonder." When Gil Blas replied that he did not know his +name had spread so far, the parasite exclaimed, "How! we keep a register +of all the celebrated names within twenty leagues, and have no doubt +Spain will one day be as proud of you as Greece was of the seven sages." +After this, Gil Blas could do no less than ask the man to sup with him. +Omelet after omelet was despatched, trout was called for, bottle +followed bottle, and when the parasite was gorged to satiety, he rose +and said, "Signor Gil Blas, don't believe yourself to be the eighth +wonder of the world because a hungry man would feast by flattering your +vanity." So saying, he stalked away with a laugh.—Lesage, <i>Gil Blas</i>, +i. 2 (1715).</p> + +<p>(This incident is copied from Aleman's romance of <i>Guzman d' Alfarache, +q.v.</i>)</p> + +<p><b>Eikon Basil'ikê</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), the portraiture of a king <i>(i.e.</i> +Charles I.), once attributed to King Charles himself; but now admitted +to be the production of Dr. John Gauden, who (after the restoration) was +first created Bishop of Exeter, and then of Worcester (1605-1662).</p> + +<p>In the <i>Eikon Basilikê</i> a strain of majestic +melancholy is kept up, but the personated sovereign +is rather too theatrical for real nature, +the language is too rhetorical and amplified, the +periods too artificially elaborated.—Hallam, <i>Literature +of Europe</i>, iii. 662.</p> + +<p>(Milton wrote his <i>Eikonoclasêts</i> in answer +to Dr. Gauden's <i>Eikon Baslikê</i>.)</p> + +<p><b>Einer'iar,</b> the hall of Odin, and asylum of warriors slain in +battle. It had 540 gates, each sufficiently wide to admit eight men +abreast to pass through.—<i>Scandinavian Mythology.</i></p> + +<p><b>Einion</b> (<i>Father</i>), Chaplain to Gwenwyn Prince of Powys-land.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p> + +<p><b>Eiros.</b> Imaginary personage, who in the other world holds converse +with "Charmion" upon the tragedy that has wrecked the world. The cause +of the ruin was "the extraction of the nitrogen from the atmosphere."</p> + +"The whole incumbent mass of ether in which<br> +we existed burst at once into a species of intense<br> +flame for whose surpassing brilliancy and all<br> +fervid heat even the angels in the high Heaven<br> +of pure knowledge have no name. Thus ended<br> +all."—Edgar Allen Poe, <i>Conversation of Eiros and<br> +Charmion</i> (1849).<br> + +<p><b>Elvir</b>, a Danish maid, who assumes boy's clothing, and waits on +Harold "the Dauntless," as his page! Subsequently her sex is discovered, +and Harold marries her.—Sir. W. Scott, <i>Harold the Dauntless</i> (1817).</p> + +<p><b>Elain</b>, sister of King Arthur by the same mother. She married Sir +Nentres of Carlot, and was by King Arthur the mother of Mordred. (See +ELEIN)—Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. (1470).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> In some of the romances there is great confusion between Elain (the +sister) and Morgause (the half-sister) of Arthur. Both are called the +mother of Mordred, and both are also called the wife of Lot. This, +however, is a mistake. Elain was the wife of Sir Nentres, and Morgause +of Lot; and if Gawain, Agrawain, Gareth and Gaheris were [half] brothers +of Mordred, as we are told over and over again, then Morgause and not +Elain was his mother. Tennyson makes Bellicent the wife of Lot, but this +is not in accordance with any of the legends collected by Sir T. Malory.</p> + +<p><b>Elaine</b> (<i>Dame</i>), daughter of King Pelles (2 <i>syl</i>.) "the foragn +country," and the unwedded mother of Sir Galahad by Sir Launcelot du +Lac.—Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, iii. 1 (1470).</p> + +<p><i>Elaine</i>, daughter of King Brandeg'oris, by whom Sir Bors de Ganis had a +child.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">It is by no means clear from the history whether Elaine was the +daughter of King Brandegoris, or the daughter of Sir Bors and +granddaughter of King Brandegoris.</p> + +<p><i>Elaine</i>' (2 <i>syl</i>.), the strong contrast of Guinevere. Guinevere's love +for Launcelot was gross and sensual, Elaine's was platonic and pure as +that of a child; but both were masterful in their strength. Elaine is +called "the lily maid of Astolat" (<i>Guildford</i>), and knowing that +Launcelot was pledged to celibacy, she pined and died. According to her +dying request, her dead body was placed on a bed in a barge, and was +thus conveyed by a dumb servitor to the palace of King Arthur. A letter +was handed to the king, telling the tale of Elaine's love, and the king +ordered the body to be buried, and her story to be blazoned on her +tomb.—Tennyson, <i>Idylls of the King</i> ("Elaine").</p> + +<p><b>El'amites</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), Persians. So called from Elam, son of Shem.</p> + +<p><b>El'berich</b>, the most famous dwarf of German romance.—<i>The +Heldenbuch</i>.</p> + +<p><b>El'bow,</b> a well-meaning but loutish constable.—Shakespeare, +<i>Measure for Measure</i> (1603).</p> + +<p><b>El'eanor,</b> queen-consort of Henry II., alluded to by the +Presbyterian minister in <i>Woodstock</i>, x. (1826).</p> + +"Believe me, young man, thy servant was<br> +more likely to see visions than to dream idle<br> +dreams in that apartment; for I have always<br> +heard that, next to Rosamond's Bower, in which<br> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... she played the wanton, and was afterwards</span><br> +poisoned by Queen Eleanor, Victor Lee's<br> +chamber was the place ... peculiarly the<br> +haunt of evil spirits."—Sir W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i><br> +(time, Commonwealth).<br> + +<p><b>Eleanor Crosses,</b> twelve or fourteen crosses erected by Edward I. in +the various towns where the body of his queen rested, when it was +conveyed from Herdelie, near Lincoln, to Westminster. The three that +still remain are Geddington, Northampton, and Waltham. <b>Eleazar</b> the +Moor, insolent, bloodthirsty, lustful, and vindictive, like "Aaron," in +[Shakespeare's?] <i>Titus An-dron'icus.</i> The lascivious queen of Spain is +in love with this monster.—C. Marlowe, <i>Lust's dominion</i> or <i>The +Lascivious Queen</i> (1588).</p> + +<p><i>Elea'zar</i>, a famous mathematician, who cast out devils by tying to the +nose of the possessed a mystical ring, which the demon no sooner smelled +than he abandoned the victim. He performed before the Emperor Vespasian; +and to prove that something came out of the possessed, he commanded the +demon in making off to upset a pitcher of water, which it did.</p> + +I imagine if Eleazar's ring had been put under<br> +their noses, we should have seen devils issue with<br> +their breath, so loud were these disputants.—<br> +Lesage, <i>Gil Blas</i>, v. 12 (1724).<br> + +<p><b>Elector</b> (<i>The Great</i>), Frederick William of Brandenburg +(1620-1688).</p> + +<p><b>Elein</b>, wife of King Ban of Benwick (<i>Brittany</i>), and mother of Sir +Launcelot and Sir Lionell. (See ELAIN.)—Sir T. Malory, <i>History of +Prince Arthur</i>, i. 60 (1470)</p> + +<p><b>Eleven Thousand Virgins</b> (<i>The</i>), the virgins who followed St. +Ur'sula in her flight towards Rome. They were all massacred at Cologne +by a party of Huns, and even to the present hour "their bones" are shown +lining the whole interior of the Church of Ste. Ursula.</p> + +<p>A calendar in the Freisingen codex notices them as "SS. M. XL VIRGINUM," +this is, eleven virgin martyrs; but "M" (martyrs) being taken for 1000, +we get 11,000. It is furthermore remarkable that the number of names +known of these virgins is eleven; (1) Ursula, (2) Sencia, (3) Gregoria, +(4) Pinnosa, (5) Martha, (6) Saula, (7) Brittola, (8) Saturnina, (9) +Rabacia or Sabatia, (10) Saturia or Saturnia, and (11) Palladia.</p> + +<p><b>Elfenreigen</b> [<i>el.f'n-ri.gn</i>] (4 <i>syl</i>.) or Alpleich, that weird +music with which Bunting, the pied piper of Hamelin, led forth the rats +into the river Weser, and the children into a cave in the mountain +Koppenberg. The song of the sirens is so called.</p> + +<p><b>El'feta,</b> wife of Cambuscan', king of Tartary.</p> + +<p><b>El'flida</b> or AETHELFLAEDA, daughter of King Alfred, and wife of +Aethelred, chief of that part of Mercia not claimed by the Danes. She +was a woman of enormous energy and masculine mind. At the death of her +husband, she ruled over Mercia, and proceeded to fortify city after +city, as Bridgenorth, Tamworth, Warwick, Hertford, Witham, and so on. +Then attacking the Danes, she drove them from place to place, and kept +them from molesting her.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When Elflida up-grew ...</span><br> +The puissant Danish powers victoriously pursued,<br> +And resolutely here thro' their thick squadrons hewed<br> +Her way into the north.<br> +<br> +Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xii. (1613).<br> + +<p><b>Elfride</b> (<i>Swancourt</i>). Blue-eyed girl, betrothed first to Stephen +Smith; afterwards she loves passionately Henry Knight. He leaves her in +pique, and she weds Lord Luxellian, dying soon after the +marriage.—Thomas Hardy, <i>A Pair of Blue Eyes</i> (1873).</p> + +<p><b>Elf'thryth</b> or <b>Aelf'thryth</b>, daughter of Ordgar, noted for her +great beauty. King Edgar sent Aethelwald, his friend, to ascertain if +she were really as beautiful as report made her out to be. When +Æthelwald saw her he fell in love with her, and then, returning to the +king, said she was not handsome enough for the king, but was rich enough +to make a very eligible wife for himself. The king assented to the +match, and became godfather to the first child, who was called Edgar. +One day the king told his friend he intended to pay him a visit, and +Aethelwald revealed to his wife the story of his deceit, imploring her +at the same time to conceal her beauty. But Elfthryth, extremely +indignant, did all she could to set forth her beauty. The king fell in +love with her, slew Aethelwald, and married the widow.</p> + +<p>A similar story is told by Herodotus; Prêxaspês being the lady's name, +and Kambysês the king's.</p> + +<p><b>El'githa,</b> a female attendant at Rotherwood on the Lady +Rowe'na.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>E'lia,</b> pseudonym of Charles Lamb, author of the <i>Essays of Elia</i> +(1823).—<i>London Magazine</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Eli'ab,</b> in the satire of <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, by Dry den and +Tate, is Henry Bennet, earl of Arlington. As Eliab befriended David (1 +<i>Chron</i>. xii. 9), so the earl befriended Charles II.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hard the task to do Eliab right;</span><br> +Long with the royal wanderer he roved,<br> +And firm in all the turns of fortune proved.<br> +<br> +<i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, ii. (1682).<br> + +<p><b>E'lian God</b> (<i>The</i>), Bacchus. An error for 'Eleuan, <i>i.e.</i> "the god +Eleleus" (3 <i>syl</i>). Bacchus was called <i>El'eleus</i> from the Bacchic cry, +<i>eleleu</i>!</p> + +As when with crowned cups unto the Elian god<br> +Those priests high orgies held.<br> +<br> +Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, vi. (1612).<br> +<p><b>El'idure</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), surnamed "the Pious," +brother of Gorbonian, and one of the five +sons of Morvi'dus (<i>q.v.</i>). He resigned the +crown to his brother Arthgallo, who had +been deposed. Ten years afterwards, +Arthgallo died, and Elidure was again +advanced to the throne, but was deposed +and imprisoned by his two younger +brothers. At the death of these two +brothers, Elidure was taken from prison, +and mounted the British throne for the +third time.—Geoffrey, <i>British History</i>, iii. +17,18 (1470).</p> + +Then Elidure again, crowned with applausive praise,<br> +As he a brother raised, by brothers was deposed<br> +And put into the Tower ... but, the usurpers dead,<br> +Thrice was the British crown set on his reverend head.<br> +<br> +Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, viii. (1612).<br> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Wordsworth has a poem on this subject.</p> + +<p><b>Elijah fed by Ravens.</b> While Elijah was at the brook Cherith, in +concealment, ravens brought him food every morning and evening.—1 +<i>Kings</i> xvii. 6.</p> + +<p>A strange parallel is recorded of Wyat, in the reign of Richard III. The +king cast him into prison, and when he was nearly starved to death, a +cat appeared at the window-grating, and dropped into his hand a pigeon, +which the warder cooked for him. This was repeated daily.</p> + +<p><b>E'lim,</b> the guardian angel of Lebbeus (3 <i>syl</i>.) the apostle. +Lebbeus, the softest and most tender of the twelve, at the death of +Jesus "sank under the burden of his grief."—Klopstock, <i>The Messiah</i>, +iii. (1748).</p> + +<p><b>Elinor Grey</b>, self-poised daughter of a statesman in Frank Lee +Benedict's novel, <i>My Daughter Elinor</i> (1869). <b>El'ion,</b> consort of +Beruth, and father of Che.—Sanchoniathon.</p> + +<p><b>Eliot</b> (<i>John</i>). Of the Apostle to the North American Indians, Dr. +Cotton Mather writes:</p> + +"He that will write of Eliot must write of<br> +charity, or say nothing. His charity was a star<br> +of the first magnitude in the bright constellation<br> +of his virtues, and the rays of it were wonderfully<br> +various and extensive."—Cotton Mather,<br> +<i>Magna Christi Americana</i> (1702).<br> + +<p><i>Eliot (George)</i>, Marian Evans (or "Mrs. Marian Lewes"), author of <i>Adam +Bede</i> (1858), <i>Mill on the Floss</i> (1860), <i>Silas Marner</i> (1861), etc.</p> + +<p><b>Elisa</b>, often written <b>Eliza</b> in English, Dido, queen of +Carthage.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... nec me meminisse pigebit Elisae,</span><br> +Dum memor ipse mei, dum spiritus hos reget artus.<br> +<br> +Virgil, <i>Aeneid</i>, iv. 335, 336.<br> + +So to Eliza dawned that cruel day<br> +Which tore Æneas from her sight away,<br> +That saw him parting, never to return,<br> +Herself in funeral flames decreed to burn.<br> +<br> +Falconer, <i>The Shipwreck</i>, iii. 4 (1756).<br> + +<p><b>Elis'abat,</b> a famous surgeon, who attended Queen Madasi'ma in all +her solitary wanderings, and was her sole companion.—<i>Amadis de Gaul</i> +(fifteenth century).</p> + +<p><b>Élisabeth ou Les Exilés de Siberie</b>, a tale by Madame Cottin +(1773-1807). The family being exiled for some political offence, +Elizabeth walked all the way from Siberia to Russia, to crave pardon of +the Czar. She obtained her prayer, and the family returned.</p> + +<p><b>Elisabetha</b> (<i>Miss</i>). "She is not young. The tall, spare form +stiffly erect, the little wisp of hair behind ceremoniously braided and +adorned with a high comb, the long, thin hands and the fine network of +wrinkles over her pellucid, colorless cheeks, tell this." But she is a +gentlewoman, with generations of gentlewomen back of her, and lives for +Doro, her orphan ward, whom she has taught music. She loved his father, +and for his sake—and his own—loves the boy. She works for him, hoards +for him, and is ambitious for him only. When he grows up and marries a +lowborn girl,—"a Minorcan"—and fills the old home with rude children, +who break the piano-wires, the old aunt slaves for them. After he dies, +a middle-aged man, she does not leave them.</p> + +<p>"I saw her last year—an old woman, but working still."—Constance +Fennimore Woolson, <i>Southern Sketches</i> (1880).</p> + +<p><b>Elise</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), the motherless child of Harpagon the miser. She +was affianced to Valère, by whom she had been "rescued from the waves." +Valère turns out to be the son of Don Thomas d'Alburci, a wealthy +nobleman of Naples.—Molière, <i>L'Avare</i> (1667).</p> + +<p><b>Elis'sa,</b> step-sister of Medi'na and Perissa. They could never agree +upon any subject.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, ii. 2 (1590).</p> + +<p>"Medina" (<i>the golden mean</i>), "Elissa" and "Perissa" (<i>the two +extremes</i>).</p> + +<p><b>Elizabeth</b> (<i>Le Marchant</i>.) Nice girl whose life is, darkened by a +frustrated elopement, by which she is apparently compromised. All comes +well in the end.—Rhoda Broughton, <i>Alas!</i> (1890).</p> + +<p><i>Elizabeth (The Queen)</i>, haughty, imperious, but devoted to her people. +She loved the earl of Essex, and, when she heard that he was married to +the countess of Rutland, exclaimed that she never "knew sorrow before." +The queen gave Essex a ring after his rebellion, saying, "Here, from my +finger take this ring, a pledge of mercy; and whensoe'er you send it +back, I swear that I will grant whatever boon you ask." After his +condemnation, Essex sent the ring to the queen by the countess of +Nottingham, craving that her most gracious majesty would spare the life +of Lord Southampton; but the countess, from jealousy, did not give it to +the queen. The queen sent a reprieve for Essex, but Burleigh took care +that it came too late, and the earl was beheaded as a traitor.—Henry +Jones, <i>The Earl of Essex</i> (1745).</p> + +<p><i>Elizabeth (Queen)</i>, introduced by Sir W. Scott in his novel called +<i>Kenilworth</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Elizabeth of Hungary</b> (<i>St.</i>), patron saint of queens, being herself +a queen. Her day is July 9 (1207-1231).</p> + +<p><b>Ellen</b> (<i>Montgomery</i>). The orphaned heroine of Susan Warner's story, +<i>The Wide, Wide World</i> (1851.)</p> + +<p><i>Ellen (Wade)</i>. Girl of eighteen who travels and camps with the family +of Ishmael Bush, although many grades above them in education and +refinement. Betrothed to Paul Hover, the bee-hunter.—James Fennimore +Cooper, <i>The Prairie</i>, (1827).</p> + +<p><b>Ellesmere</b> (<i>Mistress</i>), the head domestic of Lady Peveril.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Elliott</b>, (<i>Hobbie, i.e.</i> Halbert), farmer at the Heugh-foot. His +bride-elect is Grace Armstrong.</p> + +<p><i>Mrs. Elliott</i>, Hobbie's grandmother. <i>John</i> and <i>Harry</i>, Hobbie's +brothers.</p> + +<p><i>Lilias, Jean</i>, and <i>Arnot</i>, Hobbie's sisters.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Black +Dwarf</i> (time, Anne).</p> + +<p><b>Elmo</b> (<i>St.</i>). <i>The fire of St. Elmo</i> (<i>Feu de Saint Elme</i>), a +comazant. If only one appears on a ship-mast, foul weather is at hand; +but if two or more, they indicate that stormy weather is about to cease. +By the Italians these comazants are called the "fires of St. Peter and +St. Nicholas." In Latin the single fire is called "Helen," but the two +"Castor and Pollux." Horace says (<i>Odes</i>, I. xiii. 27):</p> + +Quorum simul alba nautis stella refulsit,<br> +Defluit saxis agitatus humor,<br> +Concident venti, fugiuntque nubes, etc.<br> + +<p>But Longfellow makes the <i>stella</i> indicative of foul weather:</p> + +Last night I saw St. Elmo's stars,<br> +With their glimmering lanterns all at play ...<br> +And I knew we should have foul weather to-day.<br> +<br> +Longfellow, <i>The Golden Legend</i>.<br> + +<p>(St. Elmo is the patron saint of sailors.)</p> + +<p><b>Elo´a,</b> the first of seraphs. He name with God is "The Chosen One," +but the angels call him Eloa. Eloa and Gabriel were angel friends.</p> + +Eloa, fairest spirit of heaven. His thoughts<br> +are past understanding to the mind of man.<br> +He looks more lovely than the day-spring, more<br> +beaming than the stars of heaven when they<br> +first flew into being at the voice of the Creator.<br> +—Klopstock, <i>The Messiah</i>, i. (1748).<br> + +<p><b>Eloi</b> (<i>St.</i>), that is, St. Louis. The kings of France were called +Loys up to the time of Louis XIII. Probably the "delicate oath" of +Chaucer's prioress, who was a French scholar "after the scole of +Stratford-atte-Bowe," was St. Loy, <i>i.e.</i> St. Louis, and not St. Eloi +the patron saint of smiths and artists. St.</p> + +<p>Eloi was bishop of Noyon in the reign of Dagobert, and a noted craftsman +in gold and silver. (Query, "Seint Eloy" for Seinte Loy?)</p> + +Ther was also a nonne, a prioresse,<br> +That of hire smiling was full simp' and coy,<br> +Hire greatest othe was but by Seint Eloy!<br> +<br> +Chaucer, <i>Canterbury Tales</i> (1388).<br> + +<p><b>El´ops.</b> There was a fish so-called, but Milton uses the word +(<i>Paradise Lost</i>, x. 525) for the dumb serpent or serpent which gives no +warning of its approach by hissing or otherwise. (Greek, <i>ellops</i>, "mute +or dumb.")</p> + +<p><b>Eloquence</b> (<i>The Four Monarchs of</i>): (1) Demonsthenês, the Greek +orator (B.C. 385-322); (2) Cicero, the Roman orator (B.C. 106-43); (3) +Burke, the English orator (1730-1797); (4) Webster, the American orator +(1782-1852).</p> + +<p><b>Eloquent</b> (<i>That old Man</i>), Isoc´ratês, the Greek orator. When he +heard that the battle of Chaerone´a was lost, and that Greece was no +longer free, he died of grief.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">That dishonest victory</span><br> +At Chaeronea, fatal to liberty,<br> +Killed with report that Old Man Eloquent.<br> +<br> +<span style="margin-left: 8em;">Milton, <i>Sonnet</i> ix.</span><br> + +<p>In the United States the term was freely applied to John Quincy Adams, +in the latter years of his life.</p> + +<p><b>Eloquent Doctor</b> (<i>The</i>), Peter Aurelolus, archbishop of Aix +(fourteenth century).</p> + +<p><b>Elpi´nus,</b> Hope personified. He was "clad in sky-like blue" and the +motto of his shield was "I hold by being held." He went attended by +Pollic´ita (<i>promise</i>). Fully described in canto ix. (Greek, <i>elpis</i>, +"hope.")—Phineas Fletcher, <i>The Purple Island</i> (1633).</p> + +<p><b>Elsa.</b> German maiden, accused of having killed her little brother. +At her trial a knight appears, drawn by a swan, champions her and +vanquishes her accuser. Elsa weds him (Lohengrin) promising never to ask +of his country or family. She breaks the vow; the swan appears and bears +him away from her.—<i>Lohengrin</i> Opera, by Richard Wagner.</p> + +<p><b>Elshender the Recluse,</b> called "the Canny Elshie" or the "Wise Wight +of Mucklestane Moor." This is "the black dwarf," or Sir Edward Mauley, +the hero of the novel.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Black Dwarf</i> (time Anne).</p> + +<p><b>Elsie,</b> the daughter of Gottlieb, a cottage farmer of Bavaria. +Prince Henry of Hoheneck, being struck with leprosy, was told he would +never be cured till a maiden chaste and spotless offered to give her +life in sacrifice for him. Elsie volunteered to die for the prince, and +he accompanied her to Salerno; but either the exercise, the excitement, +or some charm, no matter what, had quite cured the prince, and when he +entered the cathedral with Elsie, it was to make her Lady Alicia, his +bride.—Hartmann von der Aue, <i>Poor Henry</i> (twelfth century); +Longfellow, <i>Golden Legend</i>.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Alcestis, daughter of Pelias and wife of Admetos died +instead of her husband, but was brought back by Herculês from the shades +below, and restored to her husband.</p> + +<p><i>Elsie (Venner)</i>, a girl marked before her birth as one apart from her +kind. Her mother, treading upon a rattle-snake near her door, leaves the +imprint of the loathsome thing upon the child. She is a "splendid +scowling beauty" with glittering black eyes. When angry, they are +narrowed and gleam like diamonds, and "charm" after an unhuman fashion. +She bit her cousin when a child, and the wound had to be cauterized. She +is wild almost to savagery and she falls in love with her tutor savagely +for awhile, afterward loves him hopelessly. She dies of a strange +decline, and the ugly mark about her throat that obliges her always to +wear a necklace has faded out.—Oliver Wendell Holmes, <i>Elsie Venner</i> +(1861).</p> + +<p><b>Elsmere</b> (<i>Robert</i>), hero of religious novel of same name, by Mrs. +Humphrey Ward.</p> + +<p><b>Elspeth</b> (<i>Auld</i>), the old servant of Dandie Dinmont, the +store-farmer of Charlie's Hope.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time +George II.).</p> + +<p><i>Elspeth (Old)</i> of the Craigburnfoot, the mother of Saunders +Muckelbacket (the old fisherman at Musselcrag), and formerly servant to +the countess of Glenallan.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Antiquary</i> (time George +III.).</p> + +<p><b>Elvi´no,</b> a wealthy farmer in love with Ami´na the somnambulist. +Amina being found in the bedroom of Conte Rodolfo the day before her +wedding, induces Elvino to break off the match and promise marriage to +Lisa; but as the truth of the matter breaks upon him, and he is +convinced of Amina's innocence, he turns over Lisa to Alessio, her +paramour, and marries Amina, his first and only love.—Bellini's opera, +<i>La Sonnambula</i> (1831).</p> + +<p><b>Elvi´ra,</b> sister of Don Duart, and niece of the governor of Lisbon. +She marries Coldio, the coxcomb son of Don Antonio.—C. Cibber, <i>Love +Makes a Man</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Elvi´ra</i>, the young wife of Gomez, a rich old banker. She carries on a +liaison with Colonel Lorenzo, by the aid of her father-confessor +Dominick, but is always checkmated, and it turns out that Lorenzo is her +brother.—Dryden, <i>The Spanish Fryar</i> (1680).</p> + +<p><i>Elvi´ra</i>, a noble lady who gives up everything to become the mistress +of Pizarro. She tries to soften his rude and cruel nature, and to lead +him into more generous ways. Her love being changed to hate, she engages +Rollo to slay Pizarro in his tent; but the noble Peruvian spares his +enemy, and makes him a friend. Ultimately, Pizarro is slain in fight +with Alonzo, and Elvira retires to a convent.—Sheridan, <i>Pizarro</i> +(altered from Kotzebue, 1799).</p> + +<p><i>Elvi´ra (Donna)</i>, a lady deceived by Don Giovanni, who basely deluded +her into an amour with his valet Leporello.—Mozart's opera, <i>Don +Giovanni</i> (1787).</p> + +<p><i>Elvi´ra</i> "the puritan," daughter of Lord Walton, betrothed to Arturo +(<i>Lord Arthur Talbot</i>), a calvalier. On the day of espousals the young +man aids Enrichetta (<i>Henrietta, widow of Charles I.</i>) to escape, and +Elvira, thinking he had eloped with a rival, temporarily loses her +reason. Cromwell's soldiers arrest Arturo for treason, but he is +subsequently pardoned, and marries Elvira.—Bellini's opera, <i>I +Puritani</i> (1834).</p> + +<p><i>Elvi´ra</i>, a lady in love with Erna´ni the robber-captain and head of a +league against Don Carlos (afterwards Charles V. of Spain). Ernani was +just on the point of marrying Elvira, when he was summoned to death by +Gomez de Silva, and stabbed himself.—Verdi, <i>Ernani</i> (an opera, 1841).</p> + +<p><i>Elvi´ra</i>, betrothed to Alfonso (son of the Duke d'Arcos). No sooner is +the marriage completed than she learns that Alfonso has seduced Fenella, +a dumb girl, sister of Masaniello the fisherman. Masaniello, to revenge +his wrongs, heads an insurrection, and Alfonso with Elvira run for +safety to the fisherman's hut, where they find Fenella, who promises to +protect them. Masaniello, being made chief magistrate of Por´tici, is +killed by the mob; Fenella throws herself into the crater of Vesuvius; +and Alfonso is left to live in peace with Elvira.—Auber, <i>Masaniello</i> +(1831).</p> + +<p><b>Elvire</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>), the wife of Don Juan, whom he abandons. She +enters a convent, and tries to reclaim her profligate husband, but +without success.—Molière, <i>Don Juan</i> (1665).</p> + +<p><b>Ely</b> (<i>Bishop of</i>), introduced by Sir W. Scott in the <i>Talisman</i> +(time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Emath´ian Conqueror</b> (<i>The Great</i>), Alexander the Great. Emathia is +Macedonia and Thessaly. Emathion, a son of Titan and Aurora, reigned in +Macedonia. Pliny tells us that Alexander, when he besieged Thebes, +spared the house in which Pindar the poet was born, out of reverence to +his great abilities.</p> + +<p><b>Embla</b>, the woman Eve of Scandinavian mythology. Eve or Embla was +made of elm, but Ask or Adam was made of ash.</p> + +<p><b>Em´elie</b> or EMELYE, sister-in-law of Duke Theseus (<i>2 syl.</i>), +beloved by both Pal´amon and Ar´cite (<i>2 syl.</i>), but the former had her +to wife.</p> + +Emelie that fairer was to scene<br> +Than is the lilie on hire stalkê grene,<br> +And fresscher than the May with flourês newe.<br> +<br> +<span style="margin-left: 7em;">Chaucer, <i>Canterbury Tales</i></span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 10em;">("The Knight's Tale," 1388).</span><br> + +<p><b>Emeral´der,</b> an Irishman, one of the Emerald Isle.</p> + +<p><b>Emer´ita</b> (<i>St</i>.), who, when her brother abdicated the British +crown, accompanied him to Switzerland, and shared with him there a +martyr's death.</p> + +Emerita the next, King Lucius' sister dear,<br> +Who in Helvetia with her martyr brother died.<br> + +<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xxiv. (1622).</span><br> + +<p><b>Emile</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>), the chief character of a philosophical romance on +education by Jean Jacques Rousseau (1762). Emile is the author's ideal +of a young man perfectly educated, every bias but that of nature having +been carefully withheld.</p> + +<p>N.B.—Emile is the French form of Emilius.</p> + +<p>His body is inured to fatigue, as Rousseau +advises in his <i>Emilius</i>.—<i>Continuation of The +Arabian Nights</i>, iv. 69.</p> + +<p><b>Emil´ia</b>, wife of Iago, the ancient of Othello in the Venetian army. +She is induced by Iago to purloin a certain handkerchief given by +Othello to Desdemona. Iago then prevails on Othello to ask his wife to +show him the handkerchief, but she cannot find it, and Iago tells the +Moor she has given it to Cassio as a love-token. At the death of +Desdemona, Emilia (who till then never suspected the real state of the +case) reveals the truth of the matter, and Iago rushes on her and kills +her.—Shakespeare, <i>Othello</i> (1611).</p> + +<p>The virtue of Emilia is such as we often find, +worn loosely, but not cast off; easy to commit +small crimes, but quickened and alarmed at +atrocious villainies.—Dr. Johnson.</p> + +<p><i>Emil´ia</i>, the lady who attended on Queen Hermi´onê in +prison.—Shakespeare, <i>The Winter's Tale</i> (1604).</p> + +<p><i>Emilia</i>, the lady-love of Peregrine Pickle, in Smollett's novel called +<i>The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle</i> (1751).</p> + +<p><i>Emilia</i> Galotti. Beautiful daughter of Odoardo, an Italian noble. She +is affianced to Count Appiani, and beloved by the Prince Guastalla, who +causes her lover's death on their wedding-day. To save her from the +prince, Odoardo stabs Emilia.—G.E. Lessing, <i>Emilia Galotti</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Emily</b>, the <i>fiancée</i> of Colonel Tamper. Duty called away the +colonel to Havana, and on his return he pretended to have lost one eye +and one leg in the war, in order to see if Emily would love him still. +Emily was greatly shocked, and Mr. Prattle the medical practitioner was +sent for. Amongst other gossip, Mr. Prattle told his patient he had seen +the colonel who looked remarkably well, and most certainly was maimed +neither in his legs nor in his eyes. Emily now saw through the trick, +and resolved to turn the tables on the colonel. For this end she induced +Mdlle. Florival to appear <i>en militaire</i>, under the assumed name of +Captain Johnson, and to make desperate love to her. When the colonel had +been thoroughly roasted and was about to quit the house forever, his +friend Major Belford entered and recognized Mdlle. as his <i>fiancée</i>; the +trick was discovered, and all ended happily.—G. Colman, sen., <i>The +Deuce is in Him</i> (1762).</p> + +<p><b>Emir or Ameer</b>, a title given to lieutenants of provinces and other +officers of the sultan, and occasionally assumed by the sultan himself. +The sultan is not unfrequently call "The Great Ameer," and the Ottoman +empire is sometimes spoken of as "the country of the Great Ameer." What +Matthew Paris and other monks call "ammirals" is the same word. Milton +speaks of the "mast of some tall ammiral" (<i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 294).</p> + +<p>The difference between <i>xariff</i> or <i>sariff</i> and <i>amir</i> is this: the +former is given to the <i>blood</i> successors of Mahomet, and the latter to +those who maintain his religious faith.—Selden, <i>Titles of Honor</i>, vi. +73-4 (1672).</p> + +<p><b>Em'ly</b> <i>(Little)</i>, daughter of Tom, the brother-in-law of Dan'el +Peggotty, a Yarmouth fisherman, by whom the orphan child was brought up. +While engaged to Ham Peggotty (Dan'el's nephew) little Em'ly runs away +with Steerforth, a handsome but unprincipled gentleman. Being +subsequently reclaimed, she emigrates to Australia with Dan'el Peggotty +and old Mrs. Gummidge.—C. Dickens, <i>David Copperfield</i> (1849).</p> + +<p><b>Emma</b> "the Saxon" or Emma Plantagenet, the beautiful, gentle, and +loving wife of David, king of North Wales (twelfth century).—Southey, +<i>Madoc</i> (1805).</p> + +<p><b>Emmons</b> (<i>David</i>), slow, gentle fellow who never "comes to the +point" in his courtship, but visits the "girl" for forty years, and +gasps out in dying, "I allers—meant to—have—asked—you to marry +me."—Mary E. Wilkins, <i>Two Old Lovers</i> (1887).</p> + +<p><b>Emped´ocles,</b> one of Pythagoras's scholars, who threw himself +secretly into the crater at Etna, that people might suppose the gods had +carried him to heaven; but alas! one of his iron pattens was cast out +with the lava, and recognized.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 5em;">He to be deemed</span><br> +A god, leaped fondly into Etna flames,<br> +Empedoclês.<br> +<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, iii. 469, etc. (1665).</span><br> + +<p><b>Emperor of Believers</b> (<i>The</i>), Omar I., father-in-law of Mahomet +(581-644).</p> + +<p><b>Emperor of the Mountains</b>, (<i>The</i>) Peter the Calabrian, a famous +robber-chief (1812).</p> + +<p><b>Emperor for My People.</b> Hadrian used to say, "I am emperor not for +myself but for my people" (76, 117-138).</p> + +<p><b>Empson</b> (<i>Master</i>), flageolot player to Charles II.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (1823).</p> + +<p>Enan´the (<i>3 syl.</i>), daughter of Seleucus, and mistress of Prince +Deme´trius (son of King Antig´onus) She appears under the name of +Celia.—Beaumont and Eletcher, <i>The Humorous Lieutenant</i> (1647).</p> + +<p><b>Encel´ados</b> (Latin, <i>Enceladus</i>), the most powerful of all the +giants who conspired against Jupiter. He was struck with a thunder-bolt, +and covered with the heap of earth now called Mount Etna. The smoke of +the volcano is the breath of the buried giant; and when he shifts his +side it is an earthquake.</p> + +Fama est, Enceladi semiustum fulmine corpus<br> +Urgeri mole hac, ingentemque insuper Aetnam<br> +Impositam, ruptis flammam expirare caminis;<br> +Et, fessum quoties mutet latus, intremere omnem<br> +Murmure Trinacriam, et coelum subtexere fumo.<br> +<br> +<span style="margin-left: 10em;">Virgil, <i>Aeneid</i>, iii. 578-582.</span><br> + +Where the burning cinders, blown<br> +From the lips of the overthrown<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Enceladus, fill the air.</span><br> +<br> +<span style="margin-left: 8.5em;">Longfellow, <i>Enceladus</i>.</span><br> + +<p><b>En'crates</b> (<i>3 syl</i>.), Temperance personified, the husband of +Agnei'a (<i>wifely chastity</i>). When his wife's sister Parthen'ia +<i>(maidenly chastity</i>) was wounded in the battle of Mansoul, by False +Delight, he and his wife ran to her assistance, and soon routed the foes +who were hounding her. Continence (her lover) went also, and poured a +balm into her wounds, which healed them. Greek, <i>egkratês</i>, "continent, +temperate."</p> + +So have I often seen a purple flower,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fainting thro' heat, hang down her drooping head;</span><br> +But, soon refreshêd with a welcome shower,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Begins again her lively beauties spread,</span><br> +And with new pride her silken leaves display.<br> + +<p>Phineas Fletcher, <i>The Purple Island</i>, xi. (1633).</p> + +<p><b>Endell</b> (<i>Martha</i>), a poor fallen girl, to whom Emily goes when +Steerforth deserts her. She emigrates with Dan'el Pegot'ty, and marries +a young farmer in Australia.—C. Dickens, <i>David Copperfield</i> (1849).</p> + +<p><b>Endiga</b>, in <i>Charles XII</i>., by J.R. Planche (1826).</p> + +<p><b>Endless</b>, the rascally lawyer in <i>No Song No Supper</i>, by P. Hoare +(1754-1834).</p> + +<p><b>Endym'ion</b>, a noted astronomer who, from Mount Latmus, in Caria, +discovered the course of the moon. Hence it is fabled that the moon +sleeps with Endymion. Strictly speaking, Endymion is the setting sun.</p> + +So, Latmus by the wise Endymion is renowned;<br> +That hill on whose high top he was the first that found<br> +Pale Phoebe's wandering course; so skillful in her sphere,<br> +As some stick not to say that he enjoyed her there.<br> + +<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, vi. (1612).</p> + +<p><i>To sleep like Endymion</i>, to sleep long and soundly. Endymion requested +of Jove permission to sleep as long as felt inclined. Hence the proverb, +<i>Endymionis somnum dormire</i>. Jean Ogier de Gombaud wrote in French a +romance or prose poem called <i>Endymion</i> (1624), and one of the best +paintings of A.L. Girodet is "Endymion." Cowley, referring to Gombaud's +romance, says:</p> + +While there is a people or a sun,<br> +Endymion's story with the moon shall run.<br> + +<p>John Keats, in 1818, published his <i>Endymion</i> (a poetic romance), and +the criticism of the <i>Quarterly Review</i> was falsely said to have caused +his death.</p> + +<p><i>Endym´ion.</i> So Wm. Browne calls Sir Walter Raleigh, who was for a time +in disgrace with Queen Elizabeth, whom he calls "Cyn´thia."</p> + +The first note that I heard I soon was wonne<br> +To think the sighes of fair Endymion,<br> +The subject of whose mournful heavy lay,<br> +Was his declining with faire Cynthia.<br> +<br> +<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Brittannia's Pastorals</i>, iv. (1613).</span><br> + +<p><b>Enfants de Dieu</b>, the Camisards.</p> + +<p>The royal troops outnumbered the <i>Enfants de +Dieu</i>, and a not inglorious flight took place.—Ed. +Gilliat, <i>Asylum Christi</i>, iii.</p> + +<p><b>Enfield</b> (<i>Mrs.</i>), the keeper of a house of intrigue, or +"gentleman's magazine" of frail beauties.—Holcroft, <i>The Deserted +Daughter</i> (1785).</p> + +<p><b>Engaddi</b> (<i>Theodorick, hermit of</i>), an enthusiast. He was Aberick of +Mortemar, an exiled noble.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Talisman</i> (time, Richard +I.).</p> + +<p><i>Engaddi</i>, one of the towns of Judah, forty miles from Jerusalem, famous +for its palm trees.</p> + +Anchorites beneath Engaddi's palms,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pacing the Dead Sea beach.</span><br> +<br> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Longfellow, <i>Sand of the Desert</i></span><br> + +<p><b>Engel´brecht,</b> one of the Varangian guards.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Count +Robert of Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p> + +<p><b>En´gelred,</b> 'squire of Sir Reginald Front de Boeuf (follower of +Prince John of Anjou, the brother of Richard I.).—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>En´guerraud,</b> brother of the Marquis of Montserrat, a crusader.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>The Talisman</i> (time, Richard L).</p> + +<p><b>E´nid,</b> the personification of spotless purity. She was the daughter +of Yn´iol, and wife of Geraint. The tale of Geraint and Enid allegorizes +the contagion of distrust and jealousy, commencing with Guinevere's +infidelity, and spreading downward among the Arthurian knights. In order +to save Enid from this taint, Sir Geraint removed from the court to +Devon; but overhearing part of a sentence uttered by Enid, he fancied +that she was unfaithful, and treated her for a time with great +harshness. In an illness, Enid nursed Geraint with such wifely devotion +that he felt convinced of his error. A perfect reconciliation took +place, and they "crowned a happy life with a fair death".—Tennyson, +<i>Idylls of the King</i> ("Geraint and Enid.").</p> + +<p><b>Ennius</b> (<i>The English</i>), Lay´amon, who wrote a translation in Saxon +of <i>The Brut</i> of Wace (thirteenth century).</p> + +<p><i>Ennius (The French</i>), Jehan de Meung, who wrote a continuation of +Layamon's romance (1260-1320).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Guillaume de Lorris, author of the <i>Romance of the Rose</i>, is also +called "The French Ennius," and with better title (1235-1265).</p> + +<p><i>Ennius</i> (<i>The Spanish</i>), Juan de Mena of Cordova (1412-1456).</p> + +<p><b>Enrique´</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>), brother-in-law of Chrysalde (<i>2 syl.</i>). He +married secretly Chrysalde's sister Angelique, by whom he had a +daughter, Agnes, who was left in charge of a peasant while Enrique was +absent in America. Having made his fortune in the New World, Enrique +returned and found Agnes in love with Horace, the son of his friend +Oronte (<i>2 syl.</i>). Their union, after the usual quota of +misunderstanding and cross purposes, was accomplished to the delight of +all parties.—Molière, <i>L'Ecole des Femmes</i> (1662).</p> + +<p><b>Entel´echy,</b> the kingdom of Queen Quintessence. Pantag´ruel´ and his +companions went to this kingdom in search of the "holy +bottle."—Rabelais, <i>Pantagruel</i>, v. 19 (1545).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">This kingdom of "speculative science" gave the hint to Swift for his +island of Lapu´ta.</p> + +<p><b>Ephe´sian,</b> a toper, a dissolute sot, a jovial companion. When Page +(2 <i>Henry</i> IV. act ii. sc. 2) tells Prince Henry that a company of men +were about to sup with Falstaff, in Eastcheap, and calls them +"Ephesians," he probably meant soldiers called <i>féthas</i> +("foot-soldiers"), and hence topers. Malone suggests that the word is a +pun on <i>pheese</i> ("to chastise or pay one tit for tat"), and means +"quarrelsome fellows."</p> + +<p><b>Ephe´sian Poet</b> (<i>The</i>), Hippo´nax, born at Ephesus (sixth century +B.C.).</p> + +<p><b>Epic Poetry</b> (<i>The Father of</i>), Homer (about 950 B.C.).</p> + +<p><b>Ep´icene</b> (<i>3 syl.</i>), or <i>The Silent Woman</i>, one of the three great +comedies of Ben Jonson (1609).</p> + +<p>The other two are <i>Volpone</i> (<i>2 syl.</i>, 1605), and <i>The Alchemist</i> +(1610).</p> + +<p><b>Epicurus.</b> The <i>aimée de coeur</i> of this philosopher was Leontium. +(See LOVERS).</p> + +<p><b>Epicurus of China</b>, Tao-tse, who commenced the search for "the +elixir of perpetual youth and health" (B.C. 540).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Thomas Moore has a prose romance entitled <i>The +Epicure'an</i>. Lucretius the Roman poet, in his <i>De Rerum Natura</i>, is an +exponent of the Epicurean doctrines.</p> + +<p><b>Epidaurus</b> (<i>That God in</i>), Aescula'pius, son of Apollo, who was +worshipped in Epidaurus, a city of Peloponne'sus. Being sent for to Rome +during a plague, he assumed the form of a serpent.—Livy, <i>Nat. Hist.</i>, +xi.; Ovid, <i>Metaph.</i>, xv.</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 6.5em;">Never since of serpent kind</span><br> +Lovelier, not those that in Illyria changed<br> +Hermionê and Cadmus, or the god<br> +In Epidaurus.<br> + +<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, ix. 507 (1665).</p> + +<p>(Cadmus and his wife Harmonia [<i>Hermoine</i>] left Thebes and migrated into +Illyria, where they were changed into serpents because they happened to +kill one belonging to Mars.)</p> + +<p><b>Ephial'tes</b> (<i>4 syl.</i>), one of the giants who made war upon the +gods. He was deprived of his left eye by Apollo, and of his right eye by +Herculês.</p> + +<p><b>Epig'oni,</b> seven youthful warriors, sons of the seven chiefs who +laid siege to Thebes. All the seven chiefs (except Adrastos) perished in +the siege; but the seven sons, ten years later, took the city and razed +it to the ground. The chiefs and sons were: (1) Adrastos, whose son was +Aegi'aleus (<i>4 syl.</i>); (2) Polynikês, whose son was Thersan'der; (3) +Amphiar'aos (<i>5 syl.</i>), whose son was Alkmaeon (<i>the chief</i>); (4) +Ty'deus (<i>2 syl.</i>), whose son was Diomê'des; (5) Kap'aneus (<i>3 syl.</i>), +whose son was Sthen'elos; (6) Parthenopae'os, whose son was Promachos; +(7) Mekis'theus (<i>3 syl.</i>), whose son was Eury'alos.</p> + +<p>Æschylos has a tragedy on <i>The Seven Chiefs against Thebes</i>. There are +also two epics, one <i>The Thebaïd</i> of Statius, and <i>The Epigoni</i> +sometimes attributed to Homer and sometimes to one of the Cyclic poets +of Greece.</p> + +<p><b>Epigon'iad</b> (<i>The</i>), called "the Scotch <i>Iliad</i>," by William Wilkie +(1721-1772). This is the tale of the Epig'oni or seven sons of the seven +chieftains who laid siege to Thebes. The tale is this: When Oe'dipos +abdicated, his two sons agreed to reign alternate years; but at the +expiration of the first year, the elder son (Eteoclês) refused to give +up the throne. Whereupon the younger brother (Polynikês) interested six +Grecian chiefs to espouse his cause, and the allied armies laid siege to +Thebes, without success. Subsequently, the seven sons of the old chiefs +went against the city to avenge the death of their fathers, who had +fallen in the former siege. They succeeded in taking the city, and in +placing Thersander on the throne. The names of the seven sons are +Thersander, AEgi'aleus, Alkmaeon, Diomedês, Sthen'elos, Pro'machos, +and Euryalos.</p> + +<p><b>Epimen'ides</b> (<i>5 syl.</i>) of Crete, sometimes reckoned one of the +"seven wise men of Greece" in the place of Periander. He slept for +fifty-seven years in a cave, and, on waking, found everything so changed +that he could recognize nothing. Epimenidês lived 289 years, and was +adored by the Cretans as one of their "Curetês" or priests of Jove. +He was contemporary with Solon.</p> + +<p>(Goethe has a poem called <i>Des Epimenides Erwachen.</i>—See Heinrich's +<i>Epimenides.)</i></p> + +<p><i>Epimenides's Drug</i>. A nymph who loved Epimenides gave him a draught in +a bull's horn, one single drop of which would not only cure any ailment, +but would serve for a hearty meal.</p> + +<p><i>Le Nouveau Epimenède</i> is a man who lives in a dream in a kind of +"Castle of Spain," where he deems himself a king, and does not wish to +be disillusioned. The song is by Jacinthe Leclère, one of the members of +the "Societé de Momus," of Paris.</p> + +<p><b>Epinogris</b> <i>(Sir)</i>, son of the king of Northumberland. He loved an +earl's daughter, but slew the earl in a knightly combat. Next day, a +knight challenged him to fight, and the lady was to be the prize of the +victor. Sir Epinogris, being overthrown, lost the lady; but when Sir +Palomidês heard the tale, he promised to recover her. Accordingly, he +challenged the victorious knight, who turned out to be his brother. The +point of dispute was then amicably arranged by giving up the lady to Sir +Epinogris.—Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, ii. 169 (1470).</p> + +<p><b>Eppie</b>, one of the servants of the Rev. Josiah Cargill. In the same +novel is Eppie Anderson, one of the servants at the Mowbray Arms, Old +St. Ronan's, held by Meg Dods.—Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Bonarts Well</i> (time, +George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Epps</b>, cook of Saunders Fairford, a lawyer.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George III.). <b>Equity</b> (<i>Father of</i>), Heneage +Finch, earl of Nottingham (1621-1682). In <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i> (by +Dryden and Tate) he is called "Amri."</p> + +Sincere was Amri, and not only knew,<br> +But Israel's sanctions into practice drew;<br> +Our laws, that did a boundless ocean seem,<br> +Were coasted all, and fathomed all by him ...<br> +To whom the double blessing doth belong,<br> +With Moses' inspiration, Aaron's tongue.<br> +<br> +<i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, ii. (1682).<br> + +<p><b>Equivokes.</b></p> + +<p>1. HENRY IV. was told that "he should not die but in Jerusalem," which +he supposed meant the Holy Land; but he died in the Jerusalem Chamber, +London, which is the chapter-house of Westminster Abbey.</p> + +<p>2. POPE SYLVESTER was also told that he should die at Jerusalem, and he +died while saying mass in a church so called at Rome.</p> + +<p>3. CAMBYSES, son of Cyrus, was told that he should die in Ecbat'ana, +which he supposed meant the capital of Media. Being wounded accidentally +in Syria, he asked the name of the place; and being told it was +Ecbatana, "Here, then, I am destined to end my life."</p> + +<p>4. A Messenian seer, being sent to consult the Delphic oracle respecting +the issue of the Messenian war, then raging, received for reply:</p> + +When the goat stoops to drink of the Neda, O, seer,<br> +From Messenia flee, for its ruin is near!<br> + +<p>In order to avert this calamity, all goats were diligently chased from +the banks of the Neda. One day, Theoclos observed a <i>fig tree</i> growing +on the river-side, and its branches dipped into the stream. The +interpretation of the oracle flashed across his mind, for he remembered +that <i>goat</i> and <i>fig tree</i>, in the Messenian dialect were the same word.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">The pun would be clearer to an English reader if "a stork" were +substituted for <i>the goat</i>: "When a stork stoops to drink of the Neda;" +and the "stalk" of the fig tree dipping into the stream.</p> + +<p>5. When the allied Greeks demanded of the Delphic oracle what would be +the issue of the battle of Salamis, they received for answer:</p> + +Seed-time and harvest, weeping sires shall tell<br> +How thousands fought at Salamis and fell;<br> + +<p>but whether the oracle referred to the Greeks or Persians who were to +fall by "thousands," was not stated.</p> + +<p>6. When CROESUS demanded what would be the issue of the battle against +the Persians, headed by Cyrus, the answer was, he "should behold a +mighty empire overthrown;" but whether that empire was his own, or that +of Cyrus, only the actual issue of the fight could determine.</p> + +<p>7. Similarly, when PHILIP of Macedon sent to Delphi to inquire if his +Persian expedition would prove successful, he received for reply, "The +ready victim crowned for sacrifice stands before the altar." Philip took +it for granted that the "ready victim" was the king of Persia, but it +was himself.</p> + +<p>8. TARQUIN sent to Delphi to learn the fate of his struggle with the +Romans for the recovery of his throne, and was told, "Tarquin will never +fall till a dog speaks with the voice of a man." The "dog" was Junius +Brutus, who was called a dog by way of contempt.</p> + +<p>9. When the oracle was asked who would succeed Tarquin, it replied, "He +who shall first kiss his mother." Whereupon Junius Brutus fell to the +earth, and exclaimed, "Thus, then, I kiss thee, O mother earth!"</p> + +<p>10. Jourdain, the wizard, told the duke of Somerset, if he wished to +live, to "avoid where castles mounted stand." The duke died in an +ale-house called the Castle, in St. Alban's.—Shakespeare, <i>2 Henry VI.</i> +act v. sc. 2.</p> + +<p>11. A wizard told King Edward IV. that "after him should reign one the +first letter of whose name should be G." The king thought the person +meant was his brother George, but the duke of Gloucester was the person +pointed at.—Holinshed, <i>Chronicles</i>; Shakespeare, <i>Richard III.</i> act i. +sc. I.</p> + +<p><b>Erac'lius</b> (<i>The emperor</i>) condemned a knight to death on the +supposition of murder; but the man supposed to be murdered making his +appearance, the condemned man was taken back, under the expectation that +he would be instantly acquitted. But no, Eraclius ordered all three to +be put to death: the knight, because the emperor had ordered it; the man +who brought him back, because he had not carried out the emperor's +order; and the man supposed to be murdered, because he was virtually the +cause of death to the other two.</p> + +<p>This tale is told in the <i>Gesta Romanorum</i>, and Chaucer has put it into +the mouth of his Sumpnor. It is also told by Seneca, in his <i>De Ira</i>; +but he ascribes it to Cornelius Piso, and not to Eraclius.</p> + +<p><b>Éraste</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>), hero of <i>Les Fåcheux</i> by Molière. He is in love +with Orphiso (<i>2 syl.</i>), whose tutor is Damis (1661).</p> + +<p><b>Er'celdoun</b> (<i>Thomas of</i>), also called "Thomas the Rhymer," +introduced by Sir W. Scott in his novel called <i>Castle Dangerous</i> (time, +Henry I.).</p> + +<p>It is said that Thomas of Erceldoun is not dead, but that he is sleeping +beneath the Eildon Hills, in Scotland. One day, he met with a lady of +elfin race beneath the Eildon tree, and she led him to an under-ground +region, where he remained for seven years. He then revisited the earth, +but bound himself to return when summoned. One day, when he was making +merry with his friends, he was told that a hart and hind were parading +the street; and he knew it was his summons, so he immediately went to +the Eildon tree, and has never since been heard of.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border</i>.</p> + +<p>[Illustration: symbol] This tale is substantially the same in the German +one of <i>Tannhäuser</i> (<i>q.v.</i>).</p> + +<p><b>Ereck</b>, a knight of the Round Table. He marries the beautiful Enite +(<i>2 syl</i>.), daughter of a poor knight, and falls into a state of +idleness and effeminacy, till Enite rouses him to action. He then goes +forth on an expedition of adventures, and after combating with brigands, +giants, and dwarfs, returns to the court of King Arthur, where he +remains till the death of his father. He then enters on his inheritance, +and lives peaceably the rest of his life.—Hartmann von der Aue, <i>Ereck</i> +(thirteenth century).</p> + +<p><b>Ereen'ia</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), a glendoveer' or good spirit, the beloved son +of Cas'yapa (<i>3 syl</i>.), father of the immortals. Ereenia took pity on +Kail'yal (<i>2 syl</i>.), daughter of Ladur'lad, and carried her to his Bower +of Bliss in paradise (canto vii.). Here Kailyal could not stay, because +she was still a living daughter of earth. On her return to earth, she +was chosen for the bride of Jagannaut, and Ar'valan came to dishonor +her; but she set fire to the pagoda, and Ereenia came to her rescue. +Ereenia was set upon by the witch Lor'rimite (<i>3 syl</i>.), and carried to +the submerged city of Baly, whence he was delivered by Ladurlad. The +glendoveer now craved Seeva for vengeance, but the god sent him to Yamen +(<i>i.e.</i> Pluto), and Yamen said the measure of iniquity was now full, so +Arvalan and his father Kehama were both made inmates of the city of +everlasting woe; while Ereenia carried Kailyal, who had quaffed the +waters of immortality, to his Bower of Bliss, to dwell with him in +everlasting joy.—Southey, <i>Curse of Kehoma</i> (1809).</p> + +<p><b>Eret'rian Bull</b> <i>(The).</i> Menede'mos of Eretria, in Eubae'a, was +called "Bull" from the bull-like breadth and gravity of his face. He +founded the Eretrian school (fourth century B.C.).</p> + +<p><b>Eric</b>, "Windy-cap," king of Sweden. He could make the wind blow from +any quarter by simply turning his cap. Hence arose the expression, "a +capful of wind."</p> + +<p><b>Eric Gray.</b> A young man whose religious principles will not let him +marry the girl he loves because she has not "joined the church." His old +love tells the story after his funeral.</p> + +"And all my heart went forward, past the shadows and the cross,<br> +Even to that home where perfect love hath never thorn nor loss;<br> +Where neither do they marry, nor in marriage are given,<br> +But are like unto the angels in GOD'S house, which is Heaven."<br> + +<p>Margaret E. Sangster, <i>Eric's Funeral</i> (1882).</p> + +<p><b>Erichtho</b> <i>[Erik'.tho]</i>, the famous Thessaliaii witch consulted by +Pompey.—Lucan, <i>Pharsalia</i>, vi.</p> + +<p><b>Erickson</b> <i>(Sweyn)</i>, a fisherman at Jarlshof.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The +Pirate</i> (time, William III.).</p> + +<p><b>Eric'tho,</b> the witch in John Marston's tragedy called <i>The Wonder of +Women</i> or <i>Sophonisba</i> (160)5.</p> + +<p><b>Erig'ena</b> (<i>John Scotus</i>), called "Scotus the Wise." He must not be +confounded with Duns Scotus, "the Subtle Doctor," who lived some four +centuries later. Erigena died in 875, and Duns Scotus in 1308.</p> + +<p><b>Erig'one</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), the constellation <i>Virgo</i>. She was the +daughter of Icarios, an Athenian, who was murdered by some drunken +peasants. Erigonê discovered the dead body by the aid of her father's +dog Moera, who became the star called <i>Canis</i>.</p> + +... "that virgin, frail Erigonê,<br> +Who by compassion got preëminence."<br> + +<p>Lord Brooke, <i>Of Nobility</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Erill'yab</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the widowed and deposed Queen of the Hoamen +(2 <i>syl</i>.), an Indian tribe settled on a south branch of the Missouri. +Her husband was King Tepol'loni, and her son Amal'ahta. Madoc when he +reached America, espoused her cause, and succeeded in restoring her to +her throne and empire.—Southey, <i>Madoc</i> (1805).</p> + +<p><b>Eriphy'le</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), the wife of Amphiara'os. Being bribed by a +golden necklace, she betrayed to Polyni-cês where her husband had +concealed himself that he might not go to the seige of Thebes, where he +knew that he should be killed. Congreve calls the word Eriph'yle.</p> + +When Eriphylê broke her plighted faith,<br> +And for a bribe procured her husband's death.<br> + +<p>Ovid, <i>Art of Love</i>, iii.</p> + +<p><b>Erisich'thon</b> (should be <i>Erysichthon</i>), a Thessaliad, whose +appetite was insatiable. Having spent all his estate in the purchase of +food, nothing was left but his daughter Metra, and her he sold to buy +food for his voracious appetite; but Metra had the power of transforming +herself into any shape she chose, so as often as as her father sold her, +she changed her form and returned to him. After a time, Erisichthon was +reduced to feed upon himself.—Ovid, <i>Metaph</i>, viii. 2 (740 to end).</p> + +<p>Drayton says when the Wyre saw her goodly oak trees sold for firewood, +she bethought her of Erisichthon's end, who, "when nor sea, nor land, +sufficient were," ate his own flesh.—<i>Polyolbion</i>, vii.</p> + +So Erisicthon, once fired (as men say),<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With hungry rage, fed never, ever feeding;</span><br> +Ten thousand dishes severed every day,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Yet in ten thousand thousand dishes needing.</span><br> +In vain his daughter hundred shapes assumed;<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A whole camp's meat he in his gorge inhumed;</span><br> +And all consumed, his hunger yet was unconsumed.<br> + +<p>Phineas Fletcher, <i>The Purple Island</i> (1633).</p> + +<p><b>Erland,</b> father of Norna "of the Fitful Head."—Sir W. Scott, <i>The +Pirate</i> (time, William III.).</p> + +<p><b>Erl-King,</b> a spirit of mischief, which haunts the Black Forest of +Thuringia.</p> + +<p>Goethe has a ballad called the <i>Erl-könig</i>, and Herder has translated +the Danish ballad of <i>Sir Olaf and the Erl-King's Daughter</i>.</p> + +<p>In Goethe's ballad, a father, riding home through the night and storm +with a child in his arms is pursued by the Erl-king, who entices the +child with promises of fairy-gifts, and finally kills it.</p> + +<p><b>Ermangarde of Baldringham</b> (<i>The Lady</i>), aunt of the Lady Eveline +Berenger "the betrothed."—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry +II.).</p> + +<p><b>Er'meline</b> (<i>Dame</i>), the wife of Reynard, in the beast-epic called +<i>Reynard the Fox</i> (1498).</p> + +<p><b>Ermin'ia,</b> the heroine of <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>. She fell in love +with Tancred, and when the Christian army beseiged Jerusalem, arrayed +herself in Clorinda's armor to go to him. After certain adventures, she +found him wounded, and nursed him tenderly; but the poet has not told us +what was the ultimate lot of this fair Syrian.—Tasso, <i>Jerusalem +Delivered</i> (1575).</p> + +<p><b>Erna'ni,</b> the robber-captain, duke of Segor'bia and Cardo'na, lord +of Aragon, and count of Ernani. He is in love with Elvi'ra, the +betrothed of Don Ruy Gomez de Silva, an old Spanish grandee, whom she +detests. Charles V. falls in love with her, and Ruy Gomez joins Ernani +in a league against their common rival. During this league Ernani gives +Ruy Gomez a horn, saying, "Sound but this horn, and at that moment +Ernani will cease to live." Just as he is about to espouse Elvira, the +horn is sounded, and Ernani stabs himself.—Verdi, <i>Ernani</i> (an opera, +1841).</p> + +<p><b>Ernest</b> (<i>Duke</i>), son-in-law of Kaiser Konrad II. He murders his +feudal lord, and goes on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land to expiate his +crime. The poem so called is a mixture of Homeric legends, Oriental +myths, and pilgrims' tales. We have pygmies and cyclopses, genii and +enchanters, fairies and dwarfs, monks and devotees. After a world of +hair-breadth escapes, the duke reaches the Holy Sepulchre, pays his +vows, returns to Germany, and is pardoned.—Henry Von Veldig +(minnesinger), <i>Duke Ernest</i> (twelfth century).</p> + +<p><b>Ernest de Fridberg,</b> "the prisoner of the State." He was imprisoned +in the dungeon of the Giant's Mount fortress for fifteen years on a +false charge of treason. Ul'rica (his natural daughter by the countess +Marie), dressed in the clothes of Herman, the deaf and dumb jailor-boy, +gets access to the dungeon and contrives his escape; but he is retaken, +and led back to the dungeon. Being subsequently set at liberty, he +marries the countess Marie (the mother of Ulrica).—E. Stirling, <i>The +Prisoner of State</i> (1847.)</p> + +<p><b>Eros,</b> the manumitted slave of Antony the triumvir. Antony made Eros +swear that he would kill him if commanded by him so to do. When in +Egypt, Antony after the battle of Actium, fearing lest he should fall +into the hands of Octavius Cæsar, ordered Eros to keep his promise. Eros +drew his sword, but thrust it into his own side, and fell dead at the +feet of Antony. "O noble Eros," cried Antony, "I thank thee for teaching +me how to die!"—Plutarch.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Eros is introduced in Shakespeare's <i>Antony and Cleopatra</i>, and in +Dryden's <i>All for Love or the World Well Lost</i>.</p> + +<p>(Eros is the Greek name of Cupid, and hence amorous poetry is called +Erotic.)</p> + +<p><b>Eros'tratos</b> (in Latin EROSTRATUS), the incendiary who set fire to +the temple of Diana of Ephesus, that his name might be perpetuated. An +edict was published, prohibiting any mention of the name, but the edict +was wholly ineffective.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Charles V., wishing to be shown over the Pantheon [<i>All Saints</i>] of +Rome, was taken to the top by a Roman knight. At parting, the knight +told the emperor that he felt an almost irresistible desire to push his +majesty down from the top of the building, "in order to immortalize his +name." Unlike Erostratos, the name of this knight has not transpired. +<b>Ero'ta,</b> a very beautiful but most imperious princess, passionately +beloved by Philander, Prince of Cyprus.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The +Laws of Candy</i> (1647).</p> + +<p><b>Erra-Pater,</b> an almanac, an almanac-maker, an astrologer. Samuel +Butler calls Lilly, the almanac-maker, an Erra-Pater, which we are told +was the name of a famous Jewish astrologer.</p> + +His only Bible was an Erra-Pater.<br> +<br> +Phin. Fletcher, <i>The Purple Island</i>, vii. (1633).<br> +<br> +"What's here? Erra-Pater or a bearded sibyl"<br> +[<i>the person was Foresight</i>].<br> + +<p>Congreve, <i>Love for Love</i>, iv. (1695).</p> + +<p><b>Erragon,</b> king of Lora (in Scandinavia). Aldo, a Caledonian chief, +offered him his services, and obtained several important victories; but +Lorma, the king's wife, falling in love with him, the guilty pair +escaped to Morven. Erragon invaded the country, and slew Aldo in single +combat, but was himself slain in battle by Gaul, son of Morni. As for +Lorma, she died of grief.—Ossian, <i>The Battle of Lora</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Errant Damsel</b> (<i>The</i>), Una.—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iii. 1 (1590).</p> + +<p><b>Errima,</b> Greek maiden chidden by her mother for dreaming of Sappho, +and Lesbian dances and Delphian lyre, and commanded to</p> + +"rend thy scrolls and keep thee to thy spinning."<br> + +<p>She answers that talk of matron dignities and household tasks wearies +her:</p> + +"I would renounce them all for Sappho's bay:<br> +Forego them all for room to chant out free<br> +The silent rhythms I hum within my heart,<br> +And so for ever leave my weary spinning!"<br> + +<p>Margaret J. Preston, <i>Old Song and New</i>. (1870).</p> + +<p><b>Errol</b> (<i>Cedric</i>). Bright American boy, living with his widowed +mother, whose grandfather, Lord Fauntleroy, sends for and adopts him. +The boy's sweetness of manners and nobility of nature conquer the old +man's prejudices, and win him to sympathy and co-operation in his +schemes for making the world better.—Frances Hodgson Burnett, <i>Little +Lord Fauntleroy</i> (1889).</p> + +<p><b>Errol</b> (<i>Gilbert, earl of</i>), lord high constable of Scotland.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Error,</b> a monster who lived in a den in "Wandering Wood," and with, +whom the Red Cross Knight had his first adventure. She had a brood of +1000 young ones of sundry shape, and these cubs crept into their +mother's mouth when alarmed, as young kangaroos creep into their +mother's pouch. The knight was nearly killed by the stench which issued +from the foul fiend, but he succeeded in "rafting" her head off, +whereupon the brood lapped up the blood, and burst with satiety.</p> + +Half like a serpent horribly displayed,<br> +But th' other half did woman's shape retain.<br> +And as she lay upon the dirty ground,<br> +Her huge long tail her den all overspread,<br> +Yet was in knots and many boughts [<i>folds</i>] up-wound,<br> +Pointed with mortal sting.<br> + +<p>Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, i. 1 (1590).</p> + +<p><b>Error of Artists,</b> (See ANACHRONISMS).</p> + +<p>ANGELO (<i>Michel</i>), in his great picture of the "Last Judgment" has +introduced Charon's bark.</p> + +<p>BREUGHEL, the Dutch painter, in a picture of the "Wise Men of the East" +making their offerings to the infant Jesus, has represented one of them +dressed in a large white surplice, booted and spurred, offering the +model of a Dutch seventy-four to the infant.</p> + +<p>ETTY has placed by the bedside of Holofernes a helmet of the period of +the seventeenth century.</p> + +<p>MAZZOCHI (<i>Paulo</i>), in his "Symbolical Painting of the Four Elements," +represents the sea by <i>fishes</i>, the earth by <i>moles</i>, fire by a +<i>salamander</i>, and air by a <i>camel</i>! Evidently he mistook the chameleon +(which traditionally lives on air) for a camel.</p> + +<p>TINTORET, in a picture which represents the "Israelites Gathering Manna +in the Wilderness," has armed the men with guns.</p> + +<p>VERONESE (<i>Paul</i>), in his "Marriage Feast of Cana of Galilee," has +introduced among the guests several Benedictines.</p> + +<p>WEST, president of the Royal Academy, has represented Paris the Phrygian +in Roman costume.</p> + +<p>WESTMINSTER HALL is full of absurdities. Witness the following as +specimens:—</p> + +<p>Sir Cloudesley Shovel is dressed in a Roman cuirass and sandals, but on +his head is a full-bottomed wig of the eighteenth century.</p> + +<p>The Duke of Buckingham is arrayed in the costume of a Roman emperor, and +his duchess in the court dress of George I. period.</p> + +<p><b>Errors of Authors,</b> (See ANACHRONISMS.)</p> + +<p>AKENSIDE. He views the Ganges from <i>Alpine</i> heights.—<i>Pleasures of +Imagination</i>.</p> + +<p>ALLISON (<i>Sir Archibald</i>), says: "<i>Sir Peregine Pickle</i> was one of the +pall-bearers of the Duke of Wellington."—<i>Life of Lord Castlereagh</i>.</p> + +<p>In his <i>History of Europe</i>, the phrase <i>droit de timbre</i> ("stamp duty") +he translates "timber duties."</p> + +<p>ARTICLES OF WAR FOR THE ARMY. It is ordered "that every recruit shall +have the 40th and 46th of the articles read to him." (art. iii.).</p> + +<p>The 40th article relates wholly to the misconduct of <i>chaplains</i>, and +has no sort of concern with recruits. Probably the 41st is meant, which +is about mutiny and insubordination.</p> + +<p>BROWNE (<i>William</i>) <i>Apellês' Curtain</i>. W. Browne says:</p> + +If ... I set my pencil to Appellês table [painting]<br> +Or dare to <i>draw his curtain</i>.<br> + +<p><i>Britannia's Pastorals</i>, ii. 2.</p> + +<p>This curtain was not drawn by Apelles, but by Parrhasius, who lived a +full century before Apelles. The contest was between Zeuxis and +Parrhasius. The former exhibited a bunch of grapes which deceived the +birds, and the latter a curtain which deceived the competitor.</p> + +<p>BRUYSSEL (<i>E. von</i>) says: "According to Homer, Achillês had a vulnerable +heel." It is a vulgar error to attribute this myth to Homer. The blind +old bard nowhere says a word about it. The story of dipping Achillês in +the river Styx is altogether post-Homeric.</p> + +<p>BYRON. <i>Xerxes' Ships</i>. Byron says that Xerxes looked on his "ships by +thousands" off the coast of Sal'amis. The entire number of sails were +1200; of these 400 were wrecked before the battle off the coast of +Sêpias, so that even supposing the whole of the rest were engaged, the +number could not exceed 800.—<i>Isles of Greece</i>.</p> + +<p><i>The Isle Teos</i>. In the same poem he refers to "Teos" as one of the +isles of Greece, but Teos is a maritime town on the coast of Ionia, in +Asia Minor.</p> + +<p>CERVANTES. <i>Dorothea's Father</i>. Dorothea represents herself as Queen of +Micomicon, because both her father and mother were <i>dead</i>, but Don +Quixote speaks of him to her as <i>alive</i>.—Pt. I. iv. 8.</p> + +<p><i>Mambrino's Helmet</i>. In pt. I. iii. 8 we are told that the galley-slaves +set free by Don Quixote assaulted him with stones, and "snatching the +basin from his head, <i>broke it to pieces</i>." In bk. iv. 15 we find this +basin quite whole and sound, the subject of a judicial inquiry, the +question being whether it was a helmet or a barber's basin. Sancho (ch. +11) says, he "picked it up, bruised and battered, intending to get it +mended;" but he says, "I broke it to pieces," or, according to one +translator, "broke it into a thousand pieces." In bk. iv. 8 we are told +that Don Quixote "came from his chamber armed <i>cap-à-pie</i>, with the +barber's basin on his head."</p> + +<p><i>Sancho's Ass</i>. We are told (pt. I. iii. 9) that Gines de Passamonte +"stole Sancho's ass." Sancho laments the loss with true pathos, and the +knight condoles with him. But soon afterwards Cervantes says: "He +<i>[Sancho]</i> jogged on leisurely upon his ass after his master."</p> + +<p><i>Sancho's Great-coat</i>. Sancho Panza, we are told, left his wallet behind +in the Crescent Moon tavern, where he was tossed in a blanket, and put +the provisions left by the priests in his great-coat (ch. 5). The +galley-slaves robbed him of "his <i>great-coat</i>, leaving only his doublet" +(ch. 8), but in the next chapter (9) we find "the victuals had not been +touched," though the rascals "searched diligently for booty." Now, if +the food was in the great-coat, and the great-coat was stolen, how is it +that the victuals remained in Sancho's possession untouched?</p> + +<p><i>Sancho's Wallet</i>. We are told that Sancho left his wallet by mistake at +the tavern where he was blanket-tossed (ch. 5), but in ch. 9, when he +found the portmanteau, "he crammed the gold and linen into his +wallet."—Pt. I. iii.</p> + +<p>To make these oversights more striking, the author says, when Sancho +found the portmanteau, "he entirely forgot the loss of his <i>wallet</i>, his +<i>great-coat</i>, and of his faithful companion and servant Dapple" (<i>the +ass</i>).</p> + +<p><i>Supper</i>. Cervantes makes the party at the Crescent tavern eat two +suppers in one evening. In ch. 5 the curate orders in supper, and "after +supper" they read the story of <i>Fatal Curiosity</i>. In ch. 12 we are told +"the cloth was laid [<i>again</i>] for supper," and the company sat down to +it, quite forgetting that they had already supped.—Pt. I. iv.</p> + +<p>CHAMBERS'S ENCYCLOPAEDIA states that "the fame of Beaumarchais rests on +his two operas, <i>Le Barbier de Seville</i> (1755) and <i>Le Mariage de +Figaro</i>." Every one knows that Mozart composed the opera of <i>Figaro</i> +(1786), and that Casti wrote the libretto. The opera of <i>Le Barbier de +Seville</i>, or rather <i>Il Barbiere di Siviglia</i>, was composed by Rossini, +in 1816. What Beaumarchais wrote was two comedies, one in four acts and +the other in five acts.—Art. "Beaumarchais."</p> + +<p>CHAMBERS'S JOURNAL. We are told, in a paper entitled "Coincidences," +that Thursday has proved a fatal day with the Tudors, for on that day +died Henry VIII., Edward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth. If +this had been the case it would, indeed, have been startling; but what +are the facts? Henry VIII. died on <i>Friday</i>, January 28, 1547, and +Elizabeth died on <i>Monday</i>, March 24, 1603.—Rymer, <i>Foedera</i>, xv.</p> + +<p>In the same paper we are told with equal inaccuracy that <i>Saturday</i> has +been fatal to the present dynasty, "for William IV. and every one of the +Georges died on a Saturday." What, however, says history proper? William +IV. died on <i>Tuesday</i>, June 20, 1837; George I. died <i>Wednesday</i>.</p> + +<p>June 11, 1727; George III. died <i>Monday</i>, January 29, 1820; George IV. +died <i>Sunday</i>, June 26, 1830; and only George II. died on a <i>Saturday</i>, +"the day [<i>so</i>] fatal to the present dynasty."</p> + +<p>CHAUCER says: The throstle-cock sings so sweet a tone that Tubal +himself, the first musican, could not equal it.—<i>The Court of Love</i>. Of +course he means Jubal.</p> + +<p>CIBBER (<i>Colley</i>), in his <i>Love Makes a Man</i>, i., makes Carlos the +student say, "For the cure of herds [<i>Virgil's</i>] <i>bucolicks</i> are a +master-piece; but when his art describes the commonwealth of bees ... +I'm ravished." He means <i>Georgics</i>. The <i>Bucolics</i> are eclogues, and +never touch upon either of these subjects. The diseases and cures of +cattle are in <i>Georgic</i> iii., and the habits, etc., of bees, <i>Georgic</i> +iv.</p> + +<p>CID (<i>The</i>). When Alfonso succeeded his brother Sancho and banished the +Cid, Rodrigo is made to say:</p> + +Prithee say where were these gallants<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">(Bold enough when far from blows)?</span><br> +Where were they when I, unaided,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rescued thee from thirteen foes?</span><br> + +<p>The historic fact is, not that Rodrigo rescued Alfonso from thirteen +foes, but that the Cid rescued Sancho from thirteen of Alfonso's foes. +Eleven he slew, and two he put to flight.—<i>The Cid</i>, xvi. 78.</p> + +<p>COLMAN. Job Thornberry says to Peregrine, who offers to assist him in +his difficulties, "Desist, young man, in time." But Peregrine was at +least 45 years old when so addressed. He was 15 when Job first knew him, +and had been absent thirty years in Calcutta. Job Thornberry himself was +not above five or six years older.</p> + +<p>COWPER calls the rose "the glory of April and May," but June is the +great rose month. In the south of England they begin to bloom in the +latter half of May, and go on to the middle of July. April roses would +be horticultural curiosities.</p> + +<p>CRITICS at fault. The licentiate tells Don Quixote that some critics +found fault with him for defective memory, and instanced it in this; "We +are told that Sancho's ass is stolen, but the author has forgotten to +mention who the thief was." This is not the case, as we are distinctly +informed that it was stolen by Gines de Passamonte, one of the galley +slaves.—<i>Don Quixote</i>, II. i. 3.</p> + +<p>DICKENS, in <i>Edwin Drood</i>, puts "rooks and rooks' nests" (instead of +daws) "in the tower of Cloisterham."</p> + +<p>In <i>Nicholas Nickleby</i> he presents Mr. Squeers as setting his boys "to +hoe turnips" in midwinter.</p> + +<p>In <i>The Tale of Two Cities</i>, iii. 4, he says: "The name of the strong +man of Old Scripture descended to the chief functionary who worked the +guillotine." But the name of this functionary was Sanson, not Samson.</p> + +<p>GALEN says that man has seven bones in the sternum (instead of three); +and Sylvius, in reply to Vesalius, contends that "in days of yore the +robust chests of heroes had more bones than men now have."</p> + +<p>GREENE (<i>Robert</i>) speaks of Delphos as an <i>island</i>; But Delphos, or +rather Delphi, was a city of Phocis, and no island. "Six noblemen were +sent to the isle of Delphos."—<i>Donastus and Faunia</i>. Probably he +confounded the city of Delphi with the isle of Delos.</p> + +<p>HALLIWELL, in his <i>Archaic Dictionary</i>, says: "Crouchmas means +Christmas," and adds that Tusser is his authority. But this is +altogether a mistake. Tusser, in his "<i>May</i> Remembrances," says: "From +bull cow fast, till Crouchmas be past," <i>i.e.</i> St. Helen's Day. Tusser +evidently means from May 3 (the invention of the Cross) to August 18 +(St. Helen's Day or the Cross-mas), not Christmas.</p> + +<p>HIGGONS (<i>Bevil</i>) says:</p> + +The Cyprian queen, drawn by Apellês hand.<br> +Of perfect beauty did the pattern stand!<br> +But then bright nymphs from every part of Greece<br> +Did all contribute to adorn the piece.<br> + +<p><i>To Sir Godfrey Kneller</i> (1780).</p> + +<p>Tradition says that Apellês model was either Phyrne, or Campaspê, +afterwards his wife. Campbell has borrowed these lines, but ascribes the +painting to Protog'enês the Rhodian.</p> + +When first the Rhodian's mimic art arrayed<br> +The queen of Beauty in her Cyprian shade,<br> +The happy master mingled in the piece<br> +Each look that charmed him in the fair of Greece.<br> + +<p><i>Pleasures of Hope</i>, ii.</p> + +<p>JOHNSON (<i>Dr</i>.) makes Addison speak of Steele as "Little Dicky" whereas +the person so called by Addison was not Richard Steele, but a dwarfish +actor who played "Gomez" in Dryden's <i>Spanish Fryar</i>.</p> + +<p>LONDON NEWSPAPER (<i>A</i>), one of the leading journals of the day, has +spoken three times within two years of "passing <i>under</i> the Caudine +Forks," evidently supposing them to be a "yoke" instead of a valley or +mountain pass.</p> + +<p>LONGFELLOW calls Erig'ena a <i>Scotchman</i>, whereas the very word means an +Irishman.</p> + +Done into Latin by that Scottish beast.<br> +Erigena Johannes.<br> + +<p><i>Golden Legend</i>.</p> + +<p>"Without doubt, the poet mistook John Duns <i>[Scottus]</i>, who died in +1308, for John Scottus <i>[Erigena]</i>, who died in 875. Erigena translated +into Latin, <i>St. Dionysius.</i> He was latitudinarian in his views, and +anything but 'a Scottish beast or Calvinist.'"</p> + +<p><i>The Two Angels</i>. Longfellow crowns the <i>death-angel</i> with amaranth, +with which Milton says, "the spirits elect bind their resplendent +locks;" and his angel of <i>life</i> he crowns with asphodels, the flowers of +Pluto or the grave.</p> + +<p>MELVILLE (<i>Whyte</i>) makes a very prominent part of his story called +<i>Holmby House</i> turn on the death of a favorite hawk named Diamond, which +Mary Cave tossed off, and saw "fall lifeless at the king's feet" (ch. +xxix.). In ch. xlvi. this very hawk is represented to be alive; "proud, +beautiful, and cruel, like a <i>Venus Victrix</i> it perched on her +mistress's wrist, unhooded."</p> + +<p>MILTON. "Colkitto or Macdonnel or Galasp." In this line of Sonnet XI, +Milton seems to speak of three different persons, but in reality they +are one and the same; i.e., Macdonnel, son of Colkittoch, son of +Gillespie (Galasp). Colkittoch means left-handed.</p> + +<p>In <i>Comus</i> (ver. 880) he makes the siren Ligea sleek her hair with a +golden comb, as if she were a Scandinavian mermaid.</p> + +<p>MOORE (<i>Thom</i>.) says:</p> + +The sunflower turns on her god, when he sets,<br> +The same look which she turned when he rose.<br> + +<p><i>Irish Melodies</i>, ii. ("Believe Me, if all those +Endearing Young Charms").</p> + +<p>The sunflower does not turn either to the rising or setting sun. It +receives its name solely because it resembles a picture sun. It is not a +turn-sun or heliotrope at all.</p> + +<p>MORRIS (<i>W</i>.), in his <i>Atalanta's Race</i>, renders the Greek word +<i>Saophron</i> "safron," and says:</p> + +She the saffron gown will never wear,<br> +And in no flower-strewn couch shall she be laid;<br> + +<p><i>i.e.</i> she will never be a bride. Nonnius (bk. xii.) tells us that +virtuous women wore a girdled gown called <i>Saophron</i> ("chaste"), to +indicate their purity and to prevent indecorous liberties. The gown was +not yellow at all, but it was girded with a girdle.</p> + +<p>MURPHY, in the <i>Grecian Daughter</i>, says (act i. 1):</p> + +Have you forgot the elder Dionysius,<br> +Surnamed the Tyrant?... Evander came from Greece,<br> +And sent the tyrant to his humble rank,<br> +Once more reduced to roam for vile subsistence,<br> +A wandering sophist thro' the realms of Greece.<br> + +<p>It was not Dionysius the <i>Elder</i>, but Dionysius the <i>Younger</i>, who was +the "wandering sophist;" and it was not Evander, but Timoleon, who +dethroned him. The elder Dionysius was not dethroned at all, nor even +reduced "to humble rank." He reigned thirty-eight years without +interruption, and died a king, in the plentitude of his glory, at the +age of 63.</p> + +<p>In the same play (act iv. 1) Euphrasia says to Dionysius the Younger:</p> + +Think of thy father's fate at Corinth, Dionysius.<br> + +<p>It was not the father, but the son, (Dionysius the Younger) who lived in +exile at Corinth.</p> + +<p>In the same play he makes Timo'leon victorious over the Syracusans (that +is historically correct); and he makes Euphrasia stab Dionysius the +Younger, whereas he retreated to Corinth, and spent his time in +debauchery, but supported himself by keeping a school. Of his death +nothing is known, but certainly he was not stabbed to death by +Euphrasia.—See Plutarch.</p> + +<p>RYMER, in his <i>Foedera</i>, ascribes to Henry I. (who died in 1135) a +preaching expedition for the restoration of Rochester Church, injured by +fire in 1177 (vol. I i. 9).</p> + +<p>In the previous page Rymer ascribes to Henry I. a deed of gift from +"Henry, king of England and <i>lord of Ireland</i>;" but every one knows that +Ireland was conquered by Henry II., and the deed referred to was the act +of Henry III.</p> + +<p>On p. 71 of the same vol. Odo is made, in 1298, to swear "in no wise to +confederate with Richard I."; whereas Richard I. died in 1199.</p> + +<p>SABINE MAID (<i>The</i>). G. Gilfillan, in his introductory essay to +Longfellow, says: "His ornaments, unlike those of the Sabine maid, have +not crushed him." Tarpeia, who opened the gates of Rome to the Sabines, +and was crushed to death by their shields, was not a <i>Sabine</i> maid, but +a Roman.</p> + +<p>SCOTT (<i>Sir Walter</i>). In the <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> we read;:</p> + +<p>She <i>[Effie Deans</i>] amused herself with visiting the dairy ... and was +so near discovering herself to Mary Hetly by betraying her aquaintance +with the celebrated receipt for Dunlop cheese, that she compared herself +to Bedredeen Hassan, whom the vizier his father in-law discovered by his +superlative skill in composing cream-tarts with pepper in them.</p> + +<p>In these few lines are several gross errors: (1) cream-tarts should be +<i>cheese-cakes</i>; (2) the charge was "that he made cheese-cakes <i>without</i> +putting pepper in them," and not that he made "cream-tarts <i>with</i> +pepper;" (3) it was not the vizier, his father-in-law and uncle, but his +mother, the widow of Nouredeen, who made the discovery, and why? for the +best of all reasons—because she herself had taught her son the receipt. +The party were at Damascus at the time.—<i>Arabian Nights</i> ("Nouredeen +Ali," etc.). (See page 389, "Thackeray.")</p> + +"What!" said Bedredeen, "was everything in<br> +my house to be broken and destroyed ... only<br> +because I did not put pepper in a cheese-cake!"<br> + +<p><i>Arabian Nights</i> ("Nouredeen Ali," etc.).</p> + +<p>Again, Sir Walter Scott speaks of "the philosopher who appealed from +Philip inflamed with wine to Philip in his hours of sobriety" +(<i>Antiquary</i>, x.). This "philosopher" was a poor old woman.</p> + +<p>SHAKESPEARE. <i>Althaea and the Fire-brand</i>. Shakespeare says, (<i>Henry +IV</i>. act ii. sc. 2) that "Althaea dreamt that she was delivered of a +fire-brand." It was not Althaea, but Hecuba, who dreamed, a little +before Paris was born, that her offspring was a brand that consumed the +kingdom. The tale of Althaea is, that the Fates laid a log of wood on a +fire, and told her that her son would live till that log was consumed; +whereupon she snatched up the log and kept it from the fire, till one +day her son Melea'ger offended her, when she flung the log on the fire, +and her son died, as the Fates predicted.</p> + +<p><i>Bohemia's Coast</i>. In the <i>Winter's Tale</i> the vessel bearing the infant +Perdita is "driven by storm on the coast of Bohemia;" but Bohemia has no +seaboard at all.</p> + +<p>In <i>Coriolanus</i>, Shakespeare makes Volumnia the mother, and Virgilia the +wife, of Coriolanus; but his <i>wife</i> was Volumnia, and his <i>mother</i> +Veturia.</p> + +<p><i>Delphi an Island</i>. In the same drama (act iii. sc. 1) Delphi is spoken +of as an island; but Delphi is a city of Phocis, containing a temple to +Apollo. It is no island at all.</p> + +<p><i>Duncan's Murder</i>. Macbeth did not murder Duncan in the castle of +Inverness, as stated in the play, but at "the smith's house," near Elgin +(1039).</p> + +<p><i>Elsinore</i>. Shakespeare speaks of the beetling cliff of Elsinore, +whereas Elsinore has no cliffs at all.</p> + +What if it [<i>the ghost</i>] tempt you toward the flood.<br> +Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff<br> +That beetles o'er its base into the sea?<br> + +<p><i>Hamlet</i>, act i. sc. 4.</p> + +<p><i>The Ghost</i>, in <i>Hamlet</i>, is evidently a Roman Catholic; he talks of +purgatory, absolution, and other Catholic dogmas; but the Danes at +the time were pagans.</p> + +<p><i>St. Louis</i>. Shakespeare, in <i>Henry V</i>. act i. sc. 2, calls Louis X. +"St. Louis," but "St. Louis" was Louis IX. It was Louis IX. whose +"grandmother was Isabel," issue of Charles de Lorraine, the last of the +Carlovingians. Louis X. was the son of Philippe IV. (<i>le Bel</i>) and +grandson of Philippe III. and "Isabel of Aragon," not Isabel, "heir of +Capet of the line of Charles the duke of Lorain."</p> + +<p><i>Macbeth</i> was no tyrant, as Shakespeare makes him out to be, but a firm +and equitable prince, whose title to the throne was better than that of +Duncan.</p> + +<p>Again, <i>Macbeth</i> was not slain by Macduff at Dunsin'ane, but made his +escape from the battle, and was slain in 1056, at Lumphanan.—Lardner, +<i>Cabinet Cyc</i>., 17-19.</p> + +<p>In <i>The Winter's Tale</i>, act v. sc. 2, one of the gentlemen refers to +Julio Romano, the Italian artist and architect (1492-1546), certainly +some 1800 years or more before Romano was born.</p> + +<p>In <i>Twelfth Night</i>, the Illyrian clown speaks of St. Bennet's Church, +London. "The triplex, sir, is a good tripping measure, or the bells of +St. Bennet's sure may put you in mind: one, two, three" (act v. sc. 1); +as if the duke was a Londoner.</p> + +<p>SPENSER. <i>Bacchus</i> or <i>Saturn</i>? In the <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iii. 11, Britomart +saw in the castle of Bu'sirane (<i>3 syl</i>.), a picture descriptive of the +love of Saturn, who had changed himself into a centaur out of love for +Erig'onê. It was not Saturn, but Bacchus who loved Erig'onê, and he was +not tranformed into a centaur, but to a horse.</p> + +<p><i>Beonê</i> or <i>Oenonê</i>? In bk. vi. 9 (<i>Faëry Queen</i>) the lady-love of Paris +is called Benonê, which ought to be Oenonê. The poet says that Paris +was "by Plexippus' brook" when the golden apple was brought to him; but +no such brook is mentioned by any classic author.</p> + +<p><i>Critias and Socrates</i>. In bk. ii. 7 <i>(Faëry Queen)</i> Spenser says: "The +wise Socrates ... poured out his life ... to the dear Critias; his +dearest bel-amie." It was not Socratês, but Theram'enes, one of the +thirty tyrants, who in quaffing the poison-cup, said smiling, "This I +drink to the health of fair Critias."—Cicero, <i>Tusculan Questions</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Critias</i> or <i>Crito</i>? In <i>Faëry Queen</i>, iv. (introduction), Spenser says +that Socrates often discoursed of love to his friend Critias; but it was +Crito, or rather Criton that the poet means.</p> + +<p><i>Cyprus</i> and <i>Paphos</i>. Spenser makes Sir Scudamore speak of a temple of +Venus, far more beautiful than "that in Paphos, or that in Cyprus;" but +Paphos was merely a town in the island of Cyprus, and the "two" are but +one and the same temple.—<i>Faëry Queen</i>, iv. 10.</p> + +<p><i>Hippomanês</i>. Spenser says the golden apples of Mammon's garden were +better than Those with which the Eubaean young man won Swift Atalanta. +<i>Faëry Queen</i>, ii. 7.</p> + +<p>The young man was Hippom'anês. He was not a "Eubaean," but a native of +Onchestos, in Boeo'tia.</p> + +<p>TENNYSON, in the <i>Last Tournament</i>, says (ver. I), Dagonet was knighted +in mockery by Sir Gaw'ain; but in the <i>History of Prince Arthur</i> we are +distinctly told that King Arthur knighted him with his own hand (pt. ii. +91).</p> + +<p>In <i>Gareth and Lynette</i> the same poet says that Grareth was the son of +Lot and Bellicent; but we are told a score times and more in the +<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, that he was the son of Margawse (Arthur's +sister and Lot's wife, pt. i. 36).</p> + +<p>King Lot ... wedded Margawse; Nentres ... wedded Elain.—Sir T. Malory, +<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 2, 35, 36.</p> + +<p>In the same <i>Idyll</i> Tennyson has changed Lionês to Lyonors; but, +according to the collection of romances edited by Sir T. Malory, these +were quite different persons. Lionês, daughter of Sir Persaunt, and +sister of Linet of Castle Perilous, married Sir Gareth (pt. i. 153); but +Lyonors was the daughter of Earl Sanam, and was the unwedded mother of +Sir Borre by King Arthur (pt. i. 15).</p> + +<p>Again, Tennyson makes Gareth marry Lynette, and leaves the true heroine, +Lyonors, in the cold; but the <i>History</i> makes Grareth marry Lionês +<i>(Lyonors)</i>, and Gaheris his brother marries Linet.</p> + +<p>Thus endeth the history of Sir Gareth, that wedded Dame Liones of the +Castle Perilous; and also of Sir Gaheris, who wedded her sister Dame +Linet.—Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i> (end of pt. i.).</p> + +<p>Again, in <i>Gareth and Lynette</i>, by erroneously beginning day with +sunrise instead of the previous eve, Tennyson reverses the order of the +knights, and makes the <i>fresh green morn</i> represent the decline of day, +or, as he calls it, "Hesperus" or "Evening Star;" and the blue star of +evening he makes "Phosphorus" or the "Morning Star."</p> + +<p>Once more, in <i>Gareth and Lynette</i>, the poet-laureate makes the combat +between Gareth and Death finished at a single blow, but in the +<i>History</i>, Gareth fights from dawn to dewy eve.</p> + +<p>Thus they fought [<i>from sunrise</i>] till it was past noon, and would not +stint, till, at last both lacked wind, and then stood they wagging, +staggering, panting, blowing, and bleeding ... and when they had rested +them awhile, they went to battle again, trasing, rasing, and foyning, as +two boars ... Thus they endured till evening-song time.—Sir T. Malory, +<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 136.</p> + +<p>In <i>the Last Tournament</i>, Tennyson makes Sir Tristram stabbed to death, +by Sir Mark in Tintag'il Castle, Cornwall, while toying with his aunt, +Isolt <i>the Fair</i>, but in the <i>History</i> he was in bed in Brittany, +severely wounded, and dies of a shock, because his wife tells him the +ship in which he expected his aunt to come was sailing into port with a +<i>black</i> sail instead of a white one.</p> + +<p>The poet-laureate has deviated so often from the collection of tales +edited by Sir Thomas Malory, that it would occupy too much space to +point out his deviations even in the briefest manner.</p> + +<p>THACKERAY, in <i>Vanity Fair</i>, has taken from Sir Walter Scott his +allusion to Bedredeen, and not from the <i>Arabian Nights.</i> He has, +therefore, fallen into the same error, and added two more. He says: "I +ought to have remembered the pepper which the Princess of Persia puts +into the cream-tarts in India, sir" (ch. iii.). The charge was that +Bedredeen made his <i>cheese-cakes without</i> putting pepper into them. But +Thackeray has committed in this allusion other blunders. It was not a +"princess" at all, but Bedredeen Hassan, who for the nonce had become a +confectioner. He learned the art of making cheese-cakes from his mother +(a widow). Again, it was not a "princess of Persia," for Bedredeen's +mother was the widow of the vizier of Balsora, at that time quite +independent of Persia.</p> + +<p>VICTOR HUGO, in <i>Les Travailleurs de la Mer</i>, renders "the Frith of +Forth" by the phrase <i>Premier des quatre</i>, mistaking "Frith" <i>for +first</i>, and "Forth" <i>for fourth</i> or four.</p> + +<p>In his <i>Marie Tudor</i> he refers to the <i>History and Annals of Henry VII</i>. +par Franc Baronum, "meaning" <i>Historia, etc</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Henrici Septimi</i>, per Franciscum Baconum.</p> + +<p>VIEGIL has placed Æneas in a harbor which did not exist at the time. +"Portusque require Velinos" <i>(Æneid</i>, vi. 366). It was Curius Dentatus +who cut a gorge through the rocks to let the waters of the Velinus into +the Nar. Before this was done, the Velinus was merely a number of +stagnant lakes, and the blunder is about the same as if a modern poet +were to make Columbus pass through the Suez Canal.</p> + +<p>In <i>Æneid</i>, in. 171 Virgil makes Æneas speak of "Ausonia;" but as Italy +was so called from Auson, son of Ulysses and Calypso, of course Æneas +could not have known the name.</p> + +<p>Again, in <i>Æneid</i> ix. 571, he represents Chorinseus as slain by Asy'las; +but in bk. xii. 298 he is alive again. Thus:</p> + +<p>Chorinaeum sternit Asylas</p> + +<p>Bk. ix. 571.</p> + +<p>Then:</p> + +Obvius ambustum torrem Chorinseus ab ara<br> +Corripit, et venienti Ebuso plagamque ferenti<br> +Occupat os flammis, etc.<br> +<br> +Bk. xii. 298, etc.<br> + +<p>Again in bk. ix. Numa is slain by Nisus, (ver. 554); but in bk. x. 562 +Numa is alive, and Æneas kills him.</p> + +<p>Once more, in bk. x. Æneas slays Camertês (ver. 562); but in bk. xii. +224 Jaturna, the sister of Turnus, assumes his shape. But if he was +dead, no one would have been deluded into supposing the figure to be the +living man.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Of course, every intelligent reader will be able to add to this +list; but no more space can be allowed for the subject in this +dictionary.</p> + +<p><b>Er'rua</b> ("<i>the mad-cap</i>"), a young man whose wit defeated the +strength of the giant Tartaro (a sort of one-eyed Polypheme). Thus the +first competition was in throwing a stone. The giant threw his stone, +but Errua threw a <i>bird</i>, which the giant supposed to be a stone, and as +it flew out of sight, Errua won the wager. The next wager was a bar of +iron. After the giant had thrown, Errua said, "From here to Salamanca;" +whereupon the giant bade him not to throw, lest the bar of iron should +kill his father and mother, who lived there; so the giant lost the +second wager. The third was to pull a tree up by the roots; and the +giant gave in because Errua had run a cord around a host of trees, and +said, "You pull up one, but I pull up all these." The next exploit was +at bed-time; Errua was to sleep in a certain bed; but he placed a dead +man in the bed, while he himself got under it. At midnight Tartaro took +his club and belabored the dead body most unmercifully. When Errua stood +before Tartaro next morning, the giant was dumbfounded. He asked Errua +how he had slept. "Excellently well," said Errua, "but somewhat troubled +by fleas." Other trials were made, but always in favor of Errua. At +length a race was proposed, and Errua sewed into a bag the bowels of a +pig. When he started, he cut the bag, strewing the bowels on the road. +When Tartaro was told that his rival had done this to make himself more +fleet, he cut his belly, and of course killed himself.—Rev. W. Webster, +<i>Basque Legends</i> (1877).</p> + +<p><b>Ers'kine</b> <i>(The. Rev. Dr</i>.), minister of Grayfriar's Church, +Edinburgh.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Er'tanax,</b> a fish common in the Euphratês. +The bones of this fish impart +courage and strength.</p> + +A fish ... haunteth the flood of Eufratês ...<br> +it is called an ertanax, and his bones be of such<br> +a manner of kind that whoso handleth them he<br> +shall have so much courage that he shall never<br> +be weary, and he shall not think on joy nor<br> +sorrow that he hath had, but only on the thing<br> +he beholdeth before him.—Sir T. Malory, <i>History<br> +of Prince Arthur</i>, iii. 84, (1470).<br> + +<p><b>Erudite</b> (<i>Most</i>). Marcus Terentius Varro is called "the most +erudite of the Romans" (B.C. 116-27).</p> + +<p><b>Er'ythre,</b> modesty personified, the virgin page of Parthen'ia or +maiden of chastity, in <i>The Purple Island</i>, by Phineas Fletcher (1633). +Fully described in canto x. (Greek, <i>cruthros</i>, "red," from <i>eruthriao</i>, +"to blush.")</p> + +<p><b>Erysichthon</b> [<i>Erri. sik'. thon</i>], a grandson of Neptune, who was +punished by Cerês with insatiable hunger, for cutting down some trees in +a grove sacred to that goddess. (See ERISICHTHON.)</p> + +<p><b>Es'calus,</b> an ancient, kind-hearted lord in the deputation of the +duke of Vienna.—Shakespeare, <i>Measure for Measure</i> (1603).</p> + +<p><i>Es'calus</i>, Prince of Vero'na.—Shakespeare, <i>Romeo and Juliet</i> (1598).</p> + +<p><b>Es'canes</b> (<i>3 syl</i>.), one of the lords of Tyre.—Shakespeare, +<i>Pericles, Prince of Tyre</i> (1608).</p> + +<p><b>Escobar</b> (<i>Mons. L</i>') the French, name for a fox, so called from M. +Escobar the probabilist, whence also the verb <i>escobarder</i>, "to play the +fox," "to play fast and loose."</p> + +<p>The French have a capital name for the fox, +namely, M. L'Escobar, which may be translated +the "shuffler," or more freely, "sly boots."—<i>The +Daily News</i>, March 25, 1878.</p> + +<p><b>Escotillo</b> (<i>i.e. little Michael Scott</i>), considered by the common +people as a magician, because he possessed more knowledge of natural and +experimental philosophy than his contemporaries.</p> + +<p><b>Es'dale</b> (<i>Mr</i>.), a surgeon at Madras.—Sir W. Scott, <i>The Surgeon's +Daughter</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Es'ings,</b> the king of Kent. So called from Eisc, the father of +Hengist, as the Tuscans receive their name from Tuscus, the Romans from +Romulus, the Cecrop'idae from Cecrops, the Britons from Brutus, and so +on.—Ethelwerd, <i>Chron</i>., ii.</p> + +<p><b>Esmeralda</b>, a beautiful gypsy-girl, who, with tambourine and goat, +dances in the <i>place</i> before Notre Dame de Paris, and is looked on as a +witch. Quasimodo conceals her for a time in the church, but after +various adventures she is gibbeted.—Victor Hugo, <i>Notre Dame de Paris</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Esmeralda</i>; humbly-born heroine of Frances Hodgson Burnett's work of +same name. The story has been dramatized and played with great effect.</p> + +<p><b>Esmond</b> (<i>Henry</i>), a chivalrous cavalier in the reign of Queen Anne; +the hero of Thackeray's novel called <i>Henry Esmond</i> (1852).</p> + +<p><b>Esplan'dian,</b> son of Am'adis and Oria'na. Montalvo has made him the +subject of a fifth book to the four original books of <i>Amadis of Gaul</i> +(1460).</p> + +<p>The description of the most furious battles, +carried on with all the bloody-mindedness of an +Esplandian or a Bobadil [Ben Jonson, <i>Every +Man in his Humor</i>].—<i>Encyc. Brit</i>., Art. +"Romance."</p> + +<p><b>Espriel'la</b> (<i>Manuel Alvarez</i>), the apocryphal name of Robert +Southey. The poet-laureate pretends that certain "letters from England," +written by this Spaniard, were translated by him from the original +Spanish (three vols., 1807).</p> + +<p><b>Essex</b> (<i>The earl of</i>), a tragedy by Henry Jones (1745.) Lord +Burleigh and Sir Walter Raleigh entertained a mortal hatred of the earl +of Essex, and accused him to the queen of treason. Elizabeth disbelieved +the charge; but at this juncture the earl left Ireland, whither the +queen had sent him, and presented himself before her. She was very +angry, and struck him, and Essex rushed into open rebellion, was taken, +and condemned to death. The queen had given him a ring before the trial, +telling him whatever petition he asked should be granted, if he sent to +her this ring. When the time of execution drew nigh, the queen sent the +countess of Nottingham to the Tower, to ask Essex if he had any plea to +make. The earl entreated her to present the ring to her majesty, and +petition her to spare the life of his friend Southampton. The countess +purposely neglected this charge, and Essex was executed. The queen, it +is true, sent a reprieve, but Lord Burleigh took care it should arrive +too late. The poet says that Essex had recently married the countess of +Rutland, that both the queen and the countess of Nottingham were +jealous, and that this jealousy was the chief cause of the earl's death.</p> + +<p>The Abbè Boyer, La Calprènede, and Th. Corneille have tragedies on the +some subject.</p> + +<p><i>Essex</i> (<i>The earl of</i>), lord high constable of England, introduced by +Sir W. Scott in his novel called <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><b>Estel'la,</b> a haughty beauty, adopted by Miss Havisham. She was +affianced by her wish to Pip, but married Bentley Drummle.—C. Dickens, +<i>Great Expectations</i> (1860).</p> + +<p><b>Esther</b>, housekeeper to Muhldenau, minister of Mariendorpt. She +loves Hans, a servant to the minister, but Hans is shy, and Esther has +to teach him how to woo and win her. Esther and Hans are similar to +Helen and Modus, only in lower social grade.—S. Knowles, <i>The Maid of +Mariendorpt</i> (1838).</p> + +<p><b>Esther Hawdon</b>, better known through the tale as Esther Summerson, +natural daughter of Captain Hawdon and Lady Dedlock (before her marriage +with Sir Leicester Dedlock). Esther is a most lovable, gentle creature, +called by those who know and love her, "Dame Durden" or "Dame Trot." She +is the heroine of the tale, and a ward in Chancery. Eventually she +marries Allan Woodcourt, a surgeon.—C. Dickens, <i>Bleak House</i> (1852).</p> + +<p><b>Esther</b> <i>Bush</i>: Wife of the squatter Ishmael Bush. Loud-voiced, +sharp of temper and hard of hand, yet loyal in her way to husband and +children.—James Fennimore Cooper, <i>The Prairie</i>, (1827).</p> + +<p><i>Esther</i> (<i>Queen</i>), Indian monarch who, during the Wyoming massacre, +dashes out the brains of sixteen prisoners with her own hands, as a +sacrifice to the manes of her son. Queen Esther's Rock is still shown to +travelers.—Ann Sophia Stevens, <i>Mary Derwent</i> (1845).</p> + +<p><b>Estifa'nia,</b> an intriguing woman, servant of donna Margaritta, the +Spanish heiress. She palms herself off on Don Michael Perez (the copper +captain) as an heiress, and the mistress of Margaritta's mansion. The +captain marries her, and finds out that all her swans are only +geese.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>Rule a Wife and Have a Wife</i> (1640).</p> + +<p><b>Est-il-Posssible?</b> A nickname given to George of Denmark (Queen +Anne's husband), because his general remark to the most startling +announcement was, <i>Est-il possible?</i> With this exclamation he exhausted +the vials of his wrath. It was James II. who gave him the sobriquet.</p> + +<p><b>Est'mere</b> (<i>2 syl</i>.), king of England. He went with his younger +brother Adler to the court of King Adlands, to crave his daughter in +marriage; but King Adlands replied that Bremor, the sowdan, or sultan of +Spain, had forestalled him. However, the lady, being consulted, gave her +voice in favor of the king of England. While Estmere and his brother +went to make preparations for the wedding, the "sowdan" arrived, and +demanded the lady to wife. A messenger was immediately despatched +to inform Estmere, and the two brothers returned, disguised as +a <i>harper and his boy</i>. They gained entrance into the palace, and Adler +sang, saying, "O ladye, this is thy owne true love; no harper, but a +king;" and then drawing his sword he slew the "sowdan," Estmere at the +same time chasing from the hall the "kempery men." Being now master of +the position, Estmere took "the ladye faire," made her his wife, and +brought her home to England.—Percy, <i>Reliques</i>, 1. i. 5.</p> + +<p><b>Estrildis or Elstred,</b> daughter of the Emperor of Germany. She was +taken captive in war by Locrin (king of Britain), by whom she became the +mother of Sabrin or Sabre. Gwendolen, the wife of Locrin, feeling +insulted by this liaison, slew her husband, and had Estrildis and her +daughter thrown into a river, since called the Sabri'na or +Severn.—Geoffrey, <i>British History</i>, ii. 2, etc.</p> + +<p><b>Estwicke</b> (<i>John</i>), hero of Charles Egbert Craddock's book, <i>Where +the Battle was Fought</i> (1884). His real name was John Fortescue.</p> + +<p><b>Ete'ocles and Polyni'ces,</b> the two sons Oe'dipos. After the +expulsion of their father, these two young princes agreed to reign +alternate years in Thebes. Eteoclês, being the elder, took the first +turn, but at the close of the year refused to resign the sceptre to his +brother; whereupon Polynicês, aided by six other chiefs, laid seige to +the city. The two brothers met in combat, and each was slain by the +other's hand.</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> A similar fratricidal struggle is told of Don Pedro of +Castile and his half-brother Don Henry. When Don Pedro had estranged the +Castilians by his cruelty, Don Henry invaded Castile with a body of +French auxiliaries, and took his brother prisoner. Don Henry visited him +in prison, and the two brothers fell on each other like lions. Henry +wounded Pedro in the face, but fell over a bench, when Pedro seized him. +At that moment a Frenchman seized Pedro by the leg, tossed him over, and +Henry slew him.—Menard, <i>History of Du Gueselin.</i></p> + +<p><b>Ethan</b> (<i>Allen</i>). He gives under his own hand the history of the +capture of Ticonderoga, May 10, 1775, and corroborates the popular story +that he demanded the surrender of the fortress, "<i>In the name of the +Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress!</i>" <i>Allen's Narrative of +Captivity</i> (1779).</p> + +<p><b>Eth'elbert,</b> king of Kent, and the first of the Anglo-Saxon kings +who was a Christian. He persuaded Gregory to send over Augustine to +convert the English to "the true faith" (596), and built St. Paul's, +London.—Ethelwerd's <i>Chronicle</i>, ii.</p> + +Good Ethelbert of Kent, first christened English king.<br> +To preach the faith of Christ was first did hither bring<br> +Wise Au'gustine the monk, from holy Gregory sent...<br> +That mighty fane to Paul in London did erect.<br> + +<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xi. (1613).</p> + +<p><b>Eth'erington</b> (<i>The late earl of</i>) father of Tyrrel and Bulmer.</p> + +<p><i>The titular earl of Etherington</i>, his successor to the title and +estates.</p> + +<p><i>Marie de Martigny</i> (<i>La comtesse</i>), wife of the titular earl of +Etherington.—Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's Well</i> (time, George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Ethiopians</b>, the same as Abassinians. The Arabians call these people +El-habasen or Al-habasen, whence our Abassins, but they call themselves +Ithiopians or Ethiopians.—Seldon, <i>Titles of Honor</i>, vi. 64.</p> + +Where the Abassin kings their issue guard,<br> +Mount Amara.<br> + +<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, iv. 280 (1665).</p> + +<p><b>Ethiop's Queen</b>, referred to by Milton in his <i>Il Penseroso</i>, was +Cassiope'a, wife of Ce'pheus (<i>2 syl</i>.) king of Ethiopia. Boasting that +she was fairer than the sea-nymphs, she offended the Nereids, who +complained to Neptune. Old father Earth-Shaker sent a huge sea-monster +to ravage her kingdom for her insolence. At death Cassiopea was made +a constellation of thirteen stars.</p> + +... that starred Ethiop queen that strove<br> +To set her beauty's praise above<br> +The sea-nymphs, and their powers offended.<br> + +<p>Milton, <i>Il Penseroso</i>, 19 (1638).</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Ethnic Plot.</b> The "Popish Plot" is so called in Dryden's satire of +<i>Absalom and Achitophel.</i> As Dryden calls the royalists "Jews," and +calls Charles II. "David, king of the Jews," the papists were "Gentiles" +(or <i>Ethnoi</i>), whence the "Ethnic Plot" means the plot of the Ethnoi +against the people of God.—Pt. i. (1681).</p> + +<p><b>Etiquette</b> (<i>Madame</i>), the Duchesse de Noailles, grand mistress of +the ceremonies in the court of Marie Antoinette; so called from her +rigid enforcement of all the formalities and ceremonies of the <i>ancien +régime.</i></p> + +<p><b>Etna.</b> Zens buried under this mountain Enkel'ados, one of the +hundred-handed giants.</p> + +The whole land weighed him down, as Etna does<br> +The giant of mythology.<br> + +<p>Tennyson, <i>The Golden Supper</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Etteilla,</b> the pseudonym of Alliette (spelt backwards), a perruquier +and diviner of the eighteenth century. He became a professed cabalist, +and was visited in his studio in the Hôtel de Crillon (Rue de la +Verrerie) by all those who desired to unroll the Book of Fate. In 1783 +he published <i>Manière de se Récréer avec le Jeu de Cartes nommées +Tarots</i>. In the British Museum are some divination cards published in +Paris in the first half of the nineteenth century, called <i>Grand +Etteilla</i> and <i>Petit Etteilla</i>, each pack being accompanied with a book +of explication and instruction.</p> + +<p><b>Ettercap,</b> an ill-tempered person, who mars sociability. The +ettercap is the poison-spider, and should be spelt "Attercop." (The +Anglo-Saxon, <i>atter-cop</i>, poison-spider.)</p> + +O sirs, was sic difference seen<br> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">As 'twix wee Will and Tam,</span><br> +The ane's a perfect ettercap,<br> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">The ither's just a lamb.</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">W. Miller, <i>Nursery Songs</i>.</span><br> + +<p><b>Ettrick Shepherd</b> <i>(The)</i>, James Hogg, the Scotch Poet., who was +born in the forest of Ettrick, in Selkirkshire, and was in early life a +shepherd (1772-1835).</p> + +<p><b>Etty's Nine Pictures</b>, "the Combat," the three "Judith" pictures, +"Benaiah," "Ulysses and the Syrens," and the three pictures of "Joan of +Arc."</p> + +"My aim," says Etty, "in all my great<br> +pictures has been to paint some great moral on<br> +the heart. 'The Combat' represents <i>the beauty<br> +of mercy</i>; the three 'Judith' pictures, <i>patriotism</i><br> +[1, <i>self-devotion to God; 2, self-devotion to man</i>; 3,<br> +<i>self-devotion to country</i>;] 'Benaiah, David's chief<br> +captain,' represents <i>valor</i>; 'Ulysses and the<br> +Syrens,' <i>sensual delights</i> or <i>the wages of sin is<br> +death</i>; and the three pictures of 'Joan of Arc'<br> +depict <i>religion, loyalty</i> and <i>patriotism</i>. In all,<br> +nine in number, as it was my desire to paint<br> +three."—William Etty, of York (1787-1849).<br> + +<p><b>Et'zel</b> or <b>Ezzel</b> <i>(i.e. Attila</i>), king of the Huns, in the +songs of the German minnesingers. A ruler over three kingdoms and thirty +principalities. His second wife was Kriemhild, the widow of Siegfried. +In pt ii. of the <i>Niebelungen Lied</i>, he sees his sons and liegemen +struck down without making the least effort to save them, and is as +unlike the Attila of history as a "hector" is to the noble Trojan "the +protector of mankind."</p> + +<p><b>Eu'charis,</b> one of the nymphs of Calypso, with whom Telemachos was +deeply smitten. Mentor, knowing his love was sensual love, hurried him +away from the island. He afterwards fell in love with Anti'ope, and +Mentor approved his choice.—Fenelon, <i>Télémaque</i>, vii. (1700).</p> + +<p>Eucharis is meant for Mdlle. de Fontange, maid of honor to Mde. de +Montespan. For a few months she was a favorite with Louis XIV., but +losing her good looks she was discarded, and died at the age of 20. She +used to dress her hair with streaming ribbons, and hence this style of +head-gear was called <i>à la Fontange</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Eu'clio,</b> a penurious old hunks.—Plautus, <i>Aulularia</i>.</p> + +Now you must explain all this to me, unless<br> +you would have me use you as ill as Euclio does<br> +Staphy'la—Sir W. Scott.<br> + +<p><b>Eu'crates</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the miller, and one of the archons of Athens. +A shuffling fellow, always evading his duty and breaking his promise; +hence the Latin proverb:</p> + +Vias novit quibus effugiat Eucrates ("He has<br> +more shifts than Eucrates").<br> + +<p><b>Eudo'cia</b> (<i>4 syl</i>.), daughter of Eu'menês, governor of Damascus. +Pho'cyas, general of the Syrian forces, being in love with her, asks the +consent of Eumenês, and is refused. In revenge, he goes over to the +Arabs, who are beseiging Damascus. Eudocia is taken captive, but refuses +to wed a traitor. At the end, Pho'cyas dies, and Eudocia retires into a +nunnery.—John Hughes, <i>The Siege of Damascus</i> (1720).</p> + +<p><b>Eudon</b> (<i>Count</i>) of Catabria. A baron favorable to the Moors, "too +weak-minded to be independent." When the Spaniards rose up against the +Moors, the first order of the Moorish chief was this: "Strike off Count +Eudon's head: the fear which brought him to our camp will bring him else +in arms against us now" (ch. xxv.). Southey, <i>Roderick, etc</i>., xiii. +(1814).</p> + +<p><b>Eudox'ia,</b> wife of the Emperor Valentin'ian. Petro'nius Max'imus +"poisoned" the emperor, and the empress killed Maximus.—Beaumont and +Fletcher, <i>Valentinian</i> (1617).</p> + +<p><b>Eugene</b> <i>(Aram).</i> Scholarly man of high ideals, who has committed a +murder, and hides the knowledge of it from all. He is finally hunted +down.—Lord Lytton, <i>Eugene Aram</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Euge'nia,</b> called "Silence" and the "Unknown." She was the wife of +Count de Valmont, and mother of Florian, "the foundling of the forest." +In order to come into the property, Baron Longueville used every +endeavor to kill Eugenia and Florian, but all his attemps were abortive, +and his villainy at length was brought to light.—W. Dimond, <i>The +Foundling of the Forest.</i></p> + +<p><b>Eugénie</b> <i>(Lalande).</i> The marvellously well-preserved +great-grandmother of a near-sighted youth who addresses and marries her. +She reveals the trick that has been played on him by presenting him with +a pair of eye-glasses.—Edgar Allan Poe, <i>The Spectacles</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Eugenio</b>, a young gentleman who turned goat-herd, because Leandra +jilted him and eloped with a heartless adventurer named Vincent de la +Rosa.—Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote, I</i>. iv. 20 ("The Goatherd's Story," +1605).</p> + +<p><b>Eugenius</b>, the friend and wise counsellor of Yorick. John Hall +Stevenson was the original of this character.—Sterne, <i>Tristram Shandy</i> +(1759).</p> + +<p><b>Euhe'meros</b> a Sicilian Greek, who wrote a <i>Sacred History</i> to +explain the historical or allegorical character of the Greek and Latin +mythologies.</p> + +<p>One could wish Euhêmeros had never been born. It was he that spoilt +[<i>the old myths</i>] first.—Ouidà, <i>Ariadnê</i>, i.1.</p> + +<p><b>Eulenspiegel</b> <i>(Tyll), i.e.</i> "Tyll Owl-glass," of Brunswick. A man +who runs through the world as charlatan, fool, lansquenet, domestic +servant, artist, and Jack-of-all-trades. He undertakes anything, but +rejoices in cheating those who employ him; he parodies proverbs, +rejoices in mischief, and is brimful of pranks and drolleries. Whether +Uulenspiegel was a real character or not is a matter of dispute, but by +many the authorship of the book recording his jokes is attributed to the +famous German satirist, Thomas Murner.</p> + +<p>In the English versions of the story he is called <i>Howle-glass.</i></p> + +<p>To few mortals has it been granted to earn such a place in universal +history as Tyll Eulenspiegel. Now, after five centuries, his native +village is pointed out with pride to the traveller.—Carlyle.</p> + +<p><b>Eumæos</b> (in Latin, <i>Eumoes</i>), the slave and swine-herd of Ulysses, +hence any swine-herd.</p> + +<p><b>Eu'menes</b> (<i>3 syl.</i>), Governor of Damascus, and father of +Eudo'cia.—John Hughes, <i>Siege of Damascus</i> (1720).</p> + +<p><b>Eumnes'tes,</b> Memory personified. Spenser says he is an old man, +decrepit and half blind. He was waited on by a boy named Anamnestês. +[Greek, <i>eumnêstis</i>, "good memory," <i>anamnêstis</i>, "research."—<i>Faëry +Queen</i>, ii. 9 (1590).]</p> + +<p><b>Eunice</b> (<i>Alias "Nixey</i>"). A friendless, ignorant girl, who bears an +illegitimate child, while almost a child herself. She is taken from the +street by a Christian woman and taught true purity and virtue.</p> + +<p>In her horror at the discovery of the foulness of the sin, she vows +herself to the life of an uncloistered nun. Her death in a thunderstorm +is translation rather than dissolution.—Elizabeth Stuart Phelps <i>Hedged +In</i> (1870).</p> + +<p><b>Euphra'sia,</b> daughter of Lord Dion, a character resembling "Viola" +in Shakespeare's <i>Twelfth Night</i>. Being in love with Prince Philaster, +she assumes boy's attire, calls herself "Bellario," and enters the +prince's service. Philaster transfers Bellario to the Princess Arethusa, +and then grows jealous of the lady's love for her tender page. The sex +of Bellario being discovered, shows the groundlessness of this +jealousy.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>Philaster</i> or <i>Love Lies A-bleeding</i> +(1608).</p> + +<p><i>Euphra'sia</i>, "the Grecian daughter," was daughter of Evander, the old +king of Syracuse (dethroned by Dionysius, and kept prisoner in a dungeon +on the summit of a rock). She was the wife of Phocion, who had fled from +Syracuse to save their infant son. Euphrasia, having gained admission to +the dungeon where her aged father was dying from starvation, "fostered +him at her breast by the milk designed for her own babe, and thus the +father found a parent in the child." When Timoleon took Syracuse, +Dionysius was about to stab Evander, but Euphrasia, rushing forward, +struck the tyrant dead upon the spot.—A. Murphy, <i>The Grecian Daughter</i> +(1772).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> The same tale is told-of Xantippê, who preserved the life of her +father Cimo'nos in prison. The guard, astonished that the old man held +out so long, set a watch and discovered the secret.</p> + +There is a dungeon, in whose dim drear light<br> +What do I gaze on!...<br> +An old man, and a female young and fair,<br> +Fresh as a nursing mother, in whose veins<br> +<br> +The blood is nectar ...<br> +Here youth offers to old age the food,<br> +The milk of his own gift.... It is her sire,<br> +To whom she renders back the debt of blood.<br> + +<p>Byron, <i>Childe Harold</i>, iv. 148 (1817).</p> + +<p><b>Eu'phrasy,</b> the herb eye-bright; so called because it was once +supposed to be efficacious in clearing the organs of sight. Hence the +archangel Michael purged the eyes of Adam with it, to enable him to see +into the distant future.—See Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, xi. 414-421 +(1665).</p> + +<p><b>Eu'phues</b> (3 <i>syll</i>), the chief character in John Lilly's <i>Euphuês +or The Anatomy of Wit</i>, and <i>Euphues and his England</i>. He is an Athenian +gentleman, distinguished for his elegance, wit, love-making, and roving +habits. Shakespeare borrowed his "government of the bees" <i>(Henry V</i>. +act i. sc. 2) from Lilly. Euphuês was designed to exhibit the style +affected by the gallants of England in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. +Thomas Lodge wrote a novel in a similar style, called <i>Euphues' Golden +Legacy</i> (1590).</p> + +"The commonwealth of your bees," replied<br> +Euphuês, "did so delight me that I was not a<br> +little sorry that either their estates have not been<br> +longer, or your leisure more; for, in my simple<br> +judgment, there was such an orderly government<br> +that men may not be ashamed to imitate it."<br> + +<p>J. Lilly, <i>Euphues</i> (1581).</p> +<br> + +<p>(The romances of Calprenéde and Scudéri bear the same relation to the +jargon of Louis XIV., as the <i>Euphues</i> of Lilly to that of Queen +Elizabeth.)</p> + +<p><b>Eure'ka</b>! or rather HEUKE'KA! ("I have discovered it!") The +exclamation of Archime'des, the Syracusan philosopher, when he found out +how to test the purity of Hi'ero's crown.</p> + +<p>The tale is, that Hiero suspected that a craftsman to whom he had given +a certain weight of gold to make into a crown had alloyed the metal, and +he asked Archimedês to ascertain if his suspicion was well founded. The +philosopher, getting into his bath, observed that the water ran over, +and it flashed into his mind that his body displaced its own bulk of +water. Now, suppose Hiero gave the goldsmith 1 lb. of gold, and the +crown weighed 1 lb., it is manifest that if the crown was pure gold, +both ought to displace the same quantity of water; but they did not do +so, and therefore the gold had been tampered with. Archimedes next +immersed in water 1 lb. of silver, and the difference of water displaced +soon gave the clue to the amount of alloy introduced by the artificer.</p> + +Vitruvius says: "When the idea occurred to<br> +the philosopher, he jumped out of his bath, and<br> +without waiting to put on his clothes, he ran<br> +home, exclaiming, '<i>Heureka! heureka!</i>'"<br> + +<p><b>Euro'pa.</b> <i>The Fight at Dame Europa's School</i>, written by the Rev. +H.W. Pullen, minor canon of Salisbury Cathedral. A skit on the +Franco-Prussian war (1870-1871).</p> + +<p><b>Europe's Liberator.</b> So Wellington was called after the overthrow of +Bonaparte (1769-1852).</p> + +Oh, Wellington ... called "Saviour of the Nations"<br> +And "Europe's Liberator."<br> + +<p>Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, ix. 5 (1824).</p> + +<p><b>Eu'rus,</b> the east wind; Zephyr, the west wind; No'tus, the south +wind; Bo'reas, the north wind. Eurus, in Italian, is called the Lev'ant +("rising of the sun"), and Zephyr is called Po'nent, ("setting of the +sun ").</p> + +Forth rush the Levant and the Ponent winds—<br> +Eurus and Zephyr.<br> + +<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, x. 705 (1665).</p> + +<p><b>Euryd'ice</b> (<i>4 syl</i>.), the wife of Orpheus, killed by a serpent on +her wedding night.</p> + +<p>Orpheus went down to Hadês to crave for her restoration to life, and +Pluto said she should follow him to earth provided he did not look back. +When the poet was stepping on the confines of our earth, he turned to +see if Eurydicê´ was following, and just caught a glance of her as she +was snatched back into the shades below.</p> + +<p>(Pope tells the tale in his Pindaric poem, called <i>Ode on St. Cecilia's +Day</i>, 1709.)</p> + +<p><b>Euryt'ion,</b> the herdsman of Grer'yon. He never slept day nor night, +but walked unceasingly among his herds with his two-headed dog Orthros. +"Herculês them all did overcome."—Spenser, <i>Faëry Queen</i>, v. 10 (1696).</p> + +<p><b>Eus'tace,</b> one of the attendants of Sir Reginald Front de Boeuf (a +follower of Prince John).—Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p> + +<p><i>Eustace, (Father)</i>, or "Father Eustatius," the superior and afterwards +abbot of St. Mary's. He was formerly William Allan, and the friend of +Henry Warden (afterwards the Protestant preacher).—Sir W. Scott, <i>The +Monastery</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p> + +<p><i>Eustace (Charles)</i>, a pupil of Ignatius Polyglot. He has been +clandestinely married for four years, and has a little son named +Frederick. Charles Eustace confides his scrape to Polyglot, and conceals +his young wife in the tutor's private room. Polyglot is thought to be a +libertine, but the truth comes out, and all parties are reconciled.—J. +Poole, <i>The Scapegoat.</i></p> + +<p><i>Eus'tace (Jack)</i>, the lover of Lucinda, and "a very worthy young +fellow," of good character and family. As Justice Woodcock was averse to +the marriage, Jack introduced himself as a music-master, and Sir William +Meadows, who recognized him, persuaded the justice to consent to the +marriage of the young couple. This he was the more ready to do as his +sister Deborah said positively he "should not do it."—Is. Bickerstaff, +<i>Love in a Village</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Eva</b> (<i>St. Clair</i>). Lovely child, the daughter of Uncle Tom's +master, and Uncle Tom's warm friend.—H.B. Stowe, <i>Uncle Tom's Cabin</i> +(1851).</p> + +<p><b>E'va,</b> daughter of Torquil of the Oak. She is betrothed to Ferquhard +Day.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Evad'ne</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), wife of Kap'aneus (<i>3 syl</i>.). She threw herself +on the funeral pile of her husband, and was consumed with him.</p> + +<p><i>Evad'ne</i> (3 <i>syl</i>.), sister of Melantius. Amintor was compelled by the +king to marry her, although he was betrothed to Aspasia (the "maid" +whose death forms the tragical event of the drama).—Beaumont and +Fletcher, <i>The Maid's Tragedy</i> (1610).</p> + +<p>The purity of female virtue in Aspasia is well contrasted with the +guilty boldness of Evadnê, and the rough soldier-like bearing and manly +feeling of Melantius render the selfish sensuality of the king more +hateful and disgusting.—R. Chambers, <i>English Literature</i>, i. 204.</p> + +<p><i>Evad'ne</i> or The Statue, a drama by Sheil (1820). Ludov'ico, the chief +minister of Naples, heads a conspiracy to murder the king and seize the +crown; his great stumbling-block is the marquis of Colonna, a +high-minded nobleman, who cannot be corrupted. The sister of the marquis +is Evadnê (3 <i>syl</i>.), plighted to Vicentio. Ludovico's scheme is to get +Colonna to murder Vicentio and the king, and then to debauch Evadnê. +With this in view, he persuades Vicentio that Evadnê is the king's +<i>fille d'amour</i>, and that she marries him merely as a flimsy cloak, but +he adds "Never mind, it will make your fortune." The proud Neapolitan is +disgusted, and flings off Evadnê as a viper. Her brother is indignant, +challenges the troth-plight lover to a duel, and Vicentio falls. +Ludovico now irritates Colonna by talking of the king's amour, and +induces him to invite the king to a banquet and then murder him. The +king goes to the banquet, and Evadnê shows him the statues of the +Colonna family, and amongst them one of her own father, who at the +battle of Milan had saved the king's life by his own. The king is struck +with remorse, but at this moment Ludovico enters and the king conceals +himself behind the statue. Colonna tells the traitor minister the deed +is done, and Ludovico orders his instant arrest, gibes him as his dupe, +and exclaims, "Now I am king indeed!" At this moment the king comes +forward, releases Colonna, and orders Ludovico to be arrested. The +traitor draws his sword, and Colonna kills him. Vicentio now enters, +tells how his ear has been abused, and marries Evadnê.</p> + +<p><b>Evan Dhu of Lochiel</b>, a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Legend of Montrose</i> (time, Charles I.).</p> + +<p><b>Evan Dhu M'Combich</b>, the foster-brother of M'Ivor.—Sir W. Scott, +<i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Evandale</b> (<i>The Right Hon. W. Maxwell, lord</i>), in the royal army +under the duke of Monmouth. He is a suitor of Edith Bellenden, the +granddaughter of Lady Margaret Bellenden, of the Tower of +Tillietudlem.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Old Mortality</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Evan'der,</b> the "good old king of Syracuse," dethroned by Dionysius +the Younger. Evander had dethroned the elder Dionysius "and sent him for +vile subsistence, a wandering sophist through the realms of Greece." He +was the father of Euphrasia, and was kept in a dungeon on the top of a +rock, where he would have been starved to death, if Euphrasia had not +nourished him with "the milk designed for her own babe." When Syracuse +was taken by Timoleon, Dionysius by accident came upon Evander, and +would have killed him, but Euphrasia rushed forward and stabbed the +tryant to the heart.—A. Murphy, <i>The Grecian Daughter</i> (1772). See +ERRORS OF AUTHORS, "Dionysius."</p> + +<p>Mr. Bently, May 6, 1796, took leave of the stage in the character of +"Evander."—W.C. Russell, <i>Representative Actors</i>, 426.</p> + +<p><b>Evangelic Doctor</b> <i>(The)</i>, John Wycliffe, "the Morning Star of the +Reformation" (1324-1384).</p> + +<p><b>Evangeline</b>, the heroine and title of a tale in hexameter verse by +Longfellow, in two parts. Evangeline was the daughter of Benedict +Bellefontaine, the richest farmer of Acadia (now <i>Nova Scotia</i>). At the +age of 17 she was legally betrothed by the notary-public to Gabriel, son +of Basil the blacksmith, but next day all the colony was exiled by the +order of George II., and their houses, cattle, and lands were +confiscated. Gabriel and Evangeline were parted, and now began the +troubles of her life. She wandered from place to place to find her +betrothed. Basil had settled at Louisiana, but when Evangeline reached +the place, Gabriel had just left; she then went to the prairies, to +Michigan, and so on, but at every place she was just too late to meet +him. At length, grown old in this hopeless search, she went to +Philadelphia and became a sister of mercy. The plague broke out in the +city, and as she visited the almshouse she saw an old man smitten down +with the pestilence. It was Gabriel. He tried to whisper her name, but +death closed his lips. He was buried, and Evangeline lies beside him in +the grave.</p> + +<p>(Longfellow's <i>Evangeline</i> (1849) has many points of close similitude +with Campbell's tale of <i>Gertrude of Wyoming</i>, 1809).</p> + +<p><b>Evans</b> (<i>Sir Hugh</i>), a pedantic Welsh parson and schoolmaster of +extraordinary simplicity and native shrewdness.—Shakespeare, <i>The Merry +Wives of Windsor</i> (1601).</p> + +<p>The reader may cry out with honest Sir Hugh Evans, "I like not when a +'ooman has a great peard."—Macaulay.</p> + +<p>Henderson says: "I have seen John Edwin, in 'Sir Hugh Evans,' when +preparing for the duel, keep the house in an ecstasy of merriment for +many minutes together without speaking a word" (1750-1790).</p> + +<p><i>Evans</i> (<i>William</i>), the giant porter of Charles I. He carried Sir +Geoffrey Hudson about in his pocket. Evans was eight feet in height, and +Hudson only eighteen inches. Fuller mentions this giant amongst his +<i>Worthies</i>.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Evan'the</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), sister of Sora'no, the wicked instrument of +Frederick, duke of Naples, and the chaste wife of Valerio.</p> + +<p>The duke tried to seduce her, but failing in this scandalous attempt, +offered to give her to any one for a month, at the end of which time the +libertine was to suffer death. No one would accept the offer, and +ultimately Evanthê was restored to her husband.—Beaumont and Fletcher, +<i>A Wife for a Month</i> (1624).</p> + +<p><b>Eve</b> (<i>1 syl</i>), or Havah, the "mother of all living" (<i>Gen</i>. iii. +20). Before the expulsion from paradise her name was Ishah, because she +was taken out of <i>ish, i.e.</i> "man" (<i>Gen</i>. ii. 23).</p> + +<p>Eve was of such gigantic stature that when she +laid her head on one hill near Mecca, her knees +rested on two other hills in the plain, about two +gun-shots asunder. Adam was as tall as a palm +tree.—Moncony, <i>Voyage</i>, i. 372, etc.</p> + +<p><b>Ev'eli'na</b> (<i>4 syl</i>.), the heroine of a novel so called by Miss +Burney (afterwards Mme. D'Arblay). Evelina marries Lord Orville (1778).</p> + +<p><b>Evelyn</b> (<i>Alfred</i>), the secretary and relative of Sir John Vesey. He +made Sir John's speeches, wrote his pamphlets, got together his facts, +mended his pens, and received no salary. Evelyn loved Clara Douglas, a +dependent of Lady Franklin, but she was poor also, and declined to marry +him. Scarcely had she refused him, when he was left an immense fortune +and proposed to Georgina Vesey. What little heart Georgina had was given +to Sir Frederick Blount, but the great fortune of Evelyn made her waver; +however, being told that Evelyn's property was insecure, she married +Frederick, and left Evelyn free to marry Clara.—Lord E. Bulwer Lytton, +<i>Money</i> (1840).</p> + +<p><i>Evelyn</i> (<i>Sir George</i>) a man of fortune, family, and character, in love +with Dorrillon, whom he marries.—Mrs. Inchbald.</p> + +<p><i>Wives as they Were and Maids as they Are</i> (1795).</p> + +<p><b>Everard</b> (<i>Colonel Markham</i>), of the Commonwealth party.</p> + +<p><i>Master Everard</i>, the colonel's father.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i> +(time, commonwealth).</p> + +<p><b>Ev'erett</b> (<i>Master</i>), a hired witness of the "Popish Plot."—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><b>Every Man in His Humor</b>, a comedy by Ben Jonson (1598). The original +play was altered by David Garrick. The persons to whom the title of the +drama apply are: "Captain Bobadil," whose humor is bragging of his brave +deeds and military courage—he is thrashed as a coward by Downright; +"Kitely," whose humor is jealousy of his wife—he is befooled and cured +by a trick played on him by Brain-worm; "Stephen," whose humor is +verdant stupidity—he is played on by every one; "Kno'well," whose humor +is suspicion of his son Edward, which turns out to be all moonshine; +"Dame Kitely," whose humor is jealousy of her husband, but she (like her +husband) is cured by a trick devised by Brain worm. Every man in his +humor is liable to be duped thereby, for his humor is the "Achilles' +heel" of his character.</p> + +<p><b>Every Man out of His Humor</b>, a comedy by Ben Jonson (1599).</p> + +<p><b>Every One has His Fault</b>, a comedy by Mrs. Inchbald (1794). By the +fault of rigid pride, Lord Norland discarded his daughter, Lady Eleanor, +because she married against his consent. By the fault of gallantry and +defect of due courtesy to his wife, Sir Robert Ramble drove Lady Ramble +into a divorce. By the fault of irresolution, "Shall I marry or shall I +not!" Solus remained a miserable bachelor, pining for a wife and +domestic joys. By the fault of deficient spirit and manliness, Mr. +Placid was a hen-pecked husband. By the fault of marrying without the +consent of his wife's friends, Mr. Irwin was reduced to poverty and even +crime. Harmony healed these faults; Lord Norland received his daughter +into favor; Sir Robert Ramble took back his wife; Solus married Miss +Spinster; Mr. Placid assumed the rights of the head of the family; and +Mr. Irwin, being accepted as the son-in-law of Lord Norland, was raised +from indigence to domestic comfort.</p> + +<p><b>Eviot</b>, page to Sir John Ramorny (master of the horse to Prince +Robert of Scotland).—Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry +IV.).</p> + +<p><b>Evir-Allen,</b> the white-armed daughter of Branno, an Irishman. "A +thousand heroes sought the maid; she refused her love to a thousand. The +sons of the sword were despised, for graceful in her eyes was Ossian." +This Evir-Allen was the mother of Oscar, Fingal's grandson, but she was +not alive when Fingal went to Ireland to assist Cormac against the +invading Norsemen, which forms the subject of the poem called <i>Fingal</i>, +in six books.—Ossian, <i>Fingal</i>, iv.</p> + +<p><b>Ew'ain</b> <i>(Sir)</i>, son of King Vrience and Morgan le Fay (Arthur's +half-sister).—Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 72 (1470).</p> + +<p><b>Ewan of Brigglands,</b> a horse soldier in the army of Montrose.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Rob Roy</i> (time, George I.).</p> + +<p><b>Ewart</b> (<i>Nanty i.e.</i> Anthony), captain of the smuggler's brig. Sir +W. Scott <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Excal'ibur,</b> King Arthur's famous swords. There seems to have been +two of his swords so called. One was the sword sheathed in stone, which +no one could draw thence, save he who was to be king of the land. Above +200 knights tried to release it, but failed; Arthur alone could draw it +with ease, and thus proved his right of succession (pt. i. 3). In ch. 7 +this sword is called Excalibur, and is said to have been so bright "that +it gave light like thirty torches." After his fight with Pellinore, the +king said to Merlin he had no sword, and Merlin took him to a lake, and +Arthur saw an arm "clothed in white samite, that held a fair sword in +the hand." Presently the Lady of the Lake appeared, and Arthur begged +that he might have the sword, and the lady told him to go and fetch it. +When he came to it he took it, "and the arm and hand went under the +water again." This is the sword generally called Excalibur. When about +to die, King Arthur sent an attendant to cast the sword back again into +the lake, and again the hand "clothed in white samite" appeared, caught +it, and disappeared (ch. 23).—Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince +Arthur</i>, i. 3, 23 (1470).</p> + +King Arthur's sword, Excalibur,<br> +Wrought by the lonely maiden of the lake;<br> +Nine years she wrought it, sitting in the deeps,<br> +Upon the hidden bases of the hills.<br> + +<p>Tennyson, <i>Morte d'Arthur</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Excalibur's Sheath</i>. "Sir," said Merlin, "look that ye keep well the +scabbard of Excalibur, for ye shall lose no blood as long as ye have the +scabbard upon you, though ye have never so many wounds."—Sir T. +Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 36 (1470).</p> + +<p><b>Executioner</b> (<i>No</i>). When Francis, viscount d'Aspremont, governor of +Bayonne, was commanded by Charles IX. of France to massacre the +Huguenots, he replied, "Sire, there are many under my government devoted +to your majesty, but not a single executioner."</p> + +<p><b>Exhausted Worlds</b> ... Dr. Johnson, +in the prologue spoken by Garrick at +the opening of Drury Lane, in 1747, says +of Shakespeare:</p> + +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Each change of many-colored life he drew?</span><br> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Exhausted worlds, and then imagined new.</span><br> + +<p><b>Exterminator</b> (<i>The</i>), Montbars, chief of a set of filibusters in +the seventeenth century. He was a native of Languedoc, and conceived an +intense hatred against the Spaniards on reading of their cruelties in +the New World. Embarking at Havre, in 1667, Montbars attacked the +Spaniards in the Antilles and in Honduras, took from them Vera Cruz and +Carthagena, and slew them most mercilessly wherever he encountered them +(1645-1707).</p> + +<p><b>Eye.</b> <i>Terrible as the eye of Vathek</i>. One of the eyes of this +caliph was so terrible in anger that those died who ventured to look +thereon, and had he given way to his wrath, he would have depopulated +his whole dominion.—W. Beckford, <i>Vathek</i> (1784).</p> + +<p><b>Eyed</b> <i>(One-)</i> people. The Arimaspians of Scythia were a one-eyed +people.</p> + +<p>The Cyclops were giants with only one eye, and that in the middle of the +forehead.</p> + +<p>Tartaro, in Basque legends, was a one-eyed giant. Sindbad the sailor, in +his third voyage, was cast on an island inhabited by one-eyed giants.</p> + +<p><b>Eyre</b> <i>(Jane)</i>, a governess, who stoutly copes with adverse +circumstances, and ultimately marries a used-up man of fortune, in whom +the germs of good feeling and sound sense were only exhausted, and not +destroyed.—Charlotte Bronté, <i>Jane Eyre</i> (1847).</p> + +<p><b>Ez'zelin</b> <i>(Sir)</i>, the gentleman who recognizes Lara at the table of +Lord Otho, and charges him with being Conrad the Corsair. A duel ensues, +and Ezzelin is never heard of more. A serf used to say that he saw a +huntsman one evening cast a dead body into the river which divided the +lands of Otho and Lara, and that there was a star of knighthood on the +breast of the corpse.—Byron, <i>Lara</i> (1814).</p> + +<p><b><img border="0" src="images/F.jpg" align="left" width="185" height="184" alt="f.jpg"></b></p> + +<p> </p> + +<p> </p> + +<p> </p> + +<p><b>aa</b> <i>(Gabriel)</i>, nephew of Meg Merrilees. One of the huntsman at +Liddesdale.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Fab'ila</b>, a king devoted to the chase. One day he encountered a wild +boar, and commanded those who rode with him not to interfere, but the +boar overthrew him and gored him to death.—<i>Chronica Antiqua de +España</i>, 121.</p> + +<p><b>Fa'bius</b> <i>(The American)</i>, George Washington (1732-1799).</p> + +<p><i>Fa'bius (The French)</i>, Anne, duc de Montmorency, grand-constable of +France (1493-1567).</p> + +<p><b>Fabricius</b> [<i>Fa.brish'.e.us</i>], an old Roman, like Cincinnatus and +Curius Dentatus, a type of the rigid purity, frugality, and honesty of +the "good old times." Pyrrhus used every effort to corrupt him by +bribes, or to terrify him, but in vain. "Excellent Fabricius," cried the +Greek, "one might hope to turn the sun from its course as soon as turn +Fabricius from the path of duty."</p> + +<p><i>Fabric'ius</i>, an author, whose composition was so obscure that Gil Blas +could not comprehend the meaning of a single line of his writings. His +poetry was verbose fustian, and his prose a maze of far-fetched +expressions and perplexed phrases.</p> + +<p><b>Fabrit'io,</b> a merry soldier, the friend of Captain Jac'omo the +woman-hater.—Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Captain</i> (1613).</p> + +<p><b>Face</b> (1 <i>syl.</i>), <i>alias</i> "Jeremy," house-servant of Lovewit. During +the absence of his master, Face leagues with Subtle (the alchemist) and +Dol Common to turn a penny by alchemy, fortune-telling, and magic. +Subtle (a beggar who knew something about alchemy) was discovered by +Face near Pye Corner. Assuming the philosopher's garb and wand, he +called himself "doctor;" Face, arrogating the title of "captain," touted +for dupes; while Dol Common kept the house, and aided the other two in +their general scheme of deception. On the unexpected return of Lovewit, +the whole thing blew up, but Face was forgiven, and continued in his +place as house-servant.—Ben Jonson, <i>The Alchemist</i> (1619).</p> + +<p><b>Facto'tum</b> (<i>Johannes</i>), one employed to do all sorts of work for +another; one in whom another confides for all the odds and ends of his +household management or business.</p> + +<p>He is an absolute Johannes Factotum, at least in his own +conceit.—Greene, <i>Groat's-worth of Wit</i> (1692).</p> + +<p><b>Faddle</b> <i>(William)</i>, a "fellow made up of knavery and noise, with +scandal for wit and impudence for raillery. He was so needy that the +very devil might have bought him for a guinea." Sir Charles Raymond says +to him:</p> + +<p>"Thy life is a disgrace to humanity. A foolish prodigality makes thee +needy; need makes thee vicious; and both make thee contemptible. Thy wit +is prostituted to slander and buffoonery; and thy judgment, if thou hast +any, to meanness and villainy. Thy betters, that laugh with thee, laugh +at thee; and all the varieties of thy life are but pitiful rewards and +painful abuses."—Ed. Moore, <i>The Foundling</i>, iv. 2 (1748).</p> + +<p><b>Fa'dha</b> <i>(Ah)</i>, Mahomet's silver cuirass.</p> + +<p><b>Fad'ladeen,</b> the great nazir' or chamberlain of Aurungze'bê's harem. +He criticises the tales told to Lalla Rookh by a young poet on her way +to Delhi, and great was his mortification to find that the poet was the +young king his master.</p> + +<p>Fadladeen was a judge of everything, from the pencilling of a +Circassian's eyelids to the deepest questions of science and literature; +from the mixture of a conserve of rose leaves to the composition of an +epic poem.—T. Moore, <i>Lalla Rookh</i> (1817).</p> + +<p><b>Fadladin'ida,</b> wife of King Chrononhotonthologos. While the king is +alive she falls in love with the captive king of the Antip'odês, and at +the death of the king, when two suitors arise, she says, "Well, +gentlemen, to make matters easy, I'll take you both."—H. Cary, +<i>Chrononhotonthologos</i> (a burlesque).</p> + +<p><b>Faëry Queen</b>, a metrical romance, in six books, of twelve cantos +each, by Edmund Spenser <i>(incomplete).</i></p> + +<p>Book I. THE RED CROSS KNIGHT, <i>the spirit of Christianity</i>, or the +victory of holiness over sin (1590).</p> + +<p>II. THE LEGEND OF SIB GUYON, <i>the golden mean</i> (1590).</p> + +<p>III. THE LEGEND or BRITOMARTIS, <i>chaste love.</i> Britomartis is Diana or +Queen Elizabeth (1590).</p> + +<p>IV. CAMBEL AND TRIAMOND, <i>fidelity</i> (1596).</p> + +<p>V. THE LEGEND OF SIR AR'TEGAL, <i>justice</i>' (1596).</p> + +<p>VI. THE LEGEND OF SIR CALIDORE, <i>courtesy</i> (1596).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Sometimes bk. vii., called. <i>Mutability</i>, is added; but only +fragments of this book exist.</p> + +<p><b>Fafnis</b>, the dragon with which Sigurd fights.—<i>Sigurd the Horny</i> (a +German romance based on a Norse legend).</p> + +<p><b>Fag</b>, the lying servant of Captain Absolute. He "wears his master's +wit, as he does his lace, at second hand."—Sheridan, <i>The Rivals</i> +(1775).</p> + +<p><b>Faggot</b> <i>(Nicholas)</i>, clerk to Matthew Foxley, the magistrate who +examined Darsie Latimer <i>(i. e</i>. Sir Arthur Darsie Redgauntlet) after he +had been attacked by rioters.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George +III.).</p> + +<p><b>Faggots and Faggots</b> <i>(II y a fagots et fagots)</i>, all things of the +same sort are not equal in quality. In Molière's <i>Le Médecin Malgré +Lui</i>, Sganarelle wants to show that his faggots are better than those of +other persons, and cries out "Ay! but those faggots are not equal to +mine."</p> + +<p>II est vrai, messieurs, que je suis le premier homme du monde pour faire +des fagots ...</p> + +<p>Je n'y épargne aucune chose, et les fais d'une facon qu'il n'y a rien a +dire ... Il y a fagots, et fagots.—Act i. 6 (1666).</p> + +<p><b>Fagin</b>, an old Jew, who employs a gang of thieves, chiefly boys. +These boys he teaches to pick pockets and pilfer adroitly. Fagin assumes +a most suave and fawning manner, but is malicious, grasping, and full of +cruelty.—C. Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i> (1837).</p> + +<p><b>Fainall</b>, cousin by marriage to Sir Wilful Witwould. He married a +young, wealthy, and handsome widow, but the two were cat and dog to each +other. The great aim of Fainall was to get into his possession the +estates of his wife (settled on herself "in trust to Edward Mirabell"), +but in this he failed. In outward semblance, Fainall was plausible +enough, but he was a goodly apple rotten at the core, false to his +friends, faithless to his wife, overreaching, and deceitful.</p> + +<p><i>Mrs. Fainall</i>. Her first husband was Languish, son of Lady Wishford. +Her second husband she both despised and detested.—W. Congreve, <i>The +Way of the World</i> (1700).</p> + +<p><b>Fainaso'lis</b>, daughter of Craca's king (<i>the Shetland Isles</i>). When +Fingal was quite a young man, she fled to him for protection against +Sora, but scarcely had he promised to take up her cause, when Sora +landed, drew the bow, and she fell. Fingal said to Sora, "Unerring is +thy hand, O Sora, but feeble was the foe." He then attacked the invader, +and Sora fell.—Ossian, <i>Fingal</i>, iii.</p> + +<p><b>Faint Heart Never Won Fair Lady</b>, a line in a ballad written to the +"Berkshire Lady," a Miss Frances Kendrick, daughter of Sir William +Kendrick, second baronet. Sir William's father was created baronet by +Charles II. The wooer was a Mr. Child, son of a brewer at Abingdon, to +whom the lady sent a challenge.</p> + +Having read this strange relation,<br> +He was in a consternation;<br> +But, advising with a friend,<br> +He persuades him to attend:<br> +"Be of courage and make ready,<br> +Faint heart never won fair lady."<br> + +<p><i>Quarterly Review</i>, cvi. 205-245.</p> + +<p><i>Faint Heart never Won Fair Lady</i>, name of a <i>petit comédie</i> brought out +by Mde. Vestris at the Olympic. Mde. Vestris herself performed the part +of the "fair lady."</p> + +<p><b>Fair Penitent</b> (<i>The</i>) a tragedy by Rowe (1703). Calista was +daughter of Lord Sciol'to (3 <i>syl</i>.), and bride of Lord Al'tamont. It +was discovered on the wedding-day that she had been seduced by +Lotha'rio. This led to a duel between the bridegroom and the libertine, +in which Lothario was killed; a street riot ensued, in which Sciolto +receives his death-wound; and Calista, "the fair penitent," stabbed +herself. The drama is a mere <i>réchauffé</i> of Massinger's <i>Fatal Dowry</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Fairbrother</b> (<i>Mr</i>.), counsel of Effie Deans at the trial.—Sir W. +Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Fairfax</b> (<i>Thomas, lord</i>), father of the duchess of Buckingham.—Sir +W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p> + +<p><i>Fairfax (Rutherford).</i> Young man born of a line of brave men, who is +conscious that early petting at home and a foreign education have +developed physical cowardice. On his way home from England he falls into +the hands of desperadoes who force him to fire a pistol at a bound man. +The lad is almost fainting, and swoons with pain and horror when the +deed is, as he thinks, done. His father believes him a coward, and the +sense of this and a loving woman's trust in him, nerve him to deeds of +endurance and valor that clear his record triumphantly.—Octave Thanet, +<i>Expiation</i> (1890).</p> + +<p><b>Fairfield</b>, the miller, and father of Patty "the maid of the mill." +An honest, straightforward man, grateful and modest.—Bickerstaff, <i>The +Maid of the Mill</i> (1647).</p> + +<p><b>Fairford</b> (<i>Mr. Alexander</i> or <i>Saunders</i>), a lawyer.</p> + +<p><i>Allan Fairford</i>, a young barrister, son of Saunders, and a friend of +Darsie Latimer. He marries Lilias Redgauntlet, sister of Sir Arthur +Darsie Redgauntlet, called "Darsie Latimer."</p> + +<p><i>Peter Fairford</i>, Allan's cousin.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, +George III.).</p> + +<p><b>Fairleigh</b> (<i>Frank</i>), the pseudonym of F.E. Smedley, editor of +Sharpe's <i>London Magazine</i> (1848, 1849). It was in this magazine that +Smedley's two novels, <i>Frank Fairleigh</i> and <i>Louis Arundel</i> were first +published.</p> + +<p><b>Fairlimb</b>, sister of Bitelas, and daughter of Rukenaw the ape, in +the beast-epic called <i>Reynard the Fox</i> (1498).</p> + +<p><b>Fair Maid of Perth.</b> Heroine of Scott's novel of same name.</p> + +<p><b>Fair'scrieve</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), clerk of Mr. James Middleburgh, a +magistrate of Edinburgh.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, +George II.).</p> + +<p><b>Fairservice</b> (<i>Mr.</i>), a magistrate's clerk.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of +Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p> + +<p><i>Fairservice (Andrew)</i>, the humorous Scotch gardener of Sir Hildebrand +Osbaldistone, of Osbaldistone Hall.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Rob Boy</i> (time, +George I.).</p> + +<p>Overflowing with a humor as peculiar in its way as the humors of Andrew +Fairservice.—<i>London Athenæum</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Fairstar</b> <i>(Princess)</i>, daughter of Queen Blon'dina (who had at one +birth two boys and a girl, all "with stars on their foreheads, and a +chain of gold about their necks"). On the same day, Blondina's sister +Brunetta (wife of the king's brother) had a son, afterwards called +Cherry. The queen-mother, wishing to destroy these four children, +ordered Fein'tisa to strangle them, but Feintisa sent them adrift in a +boat, and told the queen-mother they were gone. It so happened that the +boat was seen by a corsair, who brought the children to his wife +Cor'sina to bring up. The corsair soon grew immensely rich, because +every time the hair of these children was combed, jewels fell from their +heads. When grown up, these castaways went to the land of their royal +father and his brother, but Cherry was for a while employed in getting +for Fairstar (1) <i>The dancing water</i>, which had the gift of imparting +beauty; (2) <i>The singing apple</i>, which had the gift of imparting wit; +and (3) <i>The green bird</i>, which could reveal all secrets. By this bird +the story of their birth was made known, and Fairstar married her cousin +Cherry.—Comtesse D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> ("Princess Fair-star," 1682).</p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> This tale is borrowed from the fairy tales of Straparola, the +Milanese (1550).</p> + +<p><b>Faith</b> <i>(Brown)</i>, wife of Goodman Brown. He sees her in his fantasy +of the witches' revel in the forest, and calls to her to "look up to +heaven."—Hawthorne, <i>Mosses from an Old Manse</i> (1854).</p> + +<p><i>Faith</i> (<i>Derrick</i>). A beautiful, unsophisticated girl, whose +accomplished tutor instructs her in belles lettres, natural philosophy, +religion and love. He becomes a clergyman and she marries him.—Susan +Warner, <i>Say and Seal</i> (1860).</p> + +<p><i>Faith Gartney</i>. A city girl whose parents remove to the country before +she has an opportunity to enter society. She is partially betrothed to +Paul Rushleigh, but under the influence of nature, and association with +an older and nobler man, outgrows her early lover, and marries Roger +Armstrong.—A.D.T. Whitney, <i>Faith Gartney's Girlhood</i> (1863).</p> + +<p><b>Faithful</b>, a companion of Christian in his walk to the Celestial +City. Both were seized at Vanity Fair, and Faithful, being burnt to +death, was taken to heaven, in a chariot of fire.—Bunyan, <i>Pilgrim's +Progress</i>, i. (1678).</p> + +<p><i>Faithful</i> (<i>Jacob</i>), the title and hero of a sea tale, by Captain +Marryat (1835).</p> + +<p><i>Faithful</i> (<i>Father of the</i>), Abraham.—<i>Rom</i>. iv.; <i>Gal</i>. iii. 6-9.</p> + +<p><b>Faithful Shepherdess</b> <i>(The)</i>, a pastoral drama by John Fletcher +(1610). The "faithful shepherdess" is Clorin, whose lover was dead. +Faithful to his memory, Clorin retired from the busy world, employing +her time in works of humanity, such as healing the sick, exorcising the +bewitched, and comforting the afflicted.</p> + +<p>(A part of Milton's <i>Comus</i> is almost a verbal transcript of the +pastoral.)</p> + +<p><b>Fakar</b> (<i>Dhu'l</i>), Mahomet's scimitar.</p> + +<p><b>Fakenham Ghost</b> <i>(The).</i> An old woman, walking to Fakenham, had to +cross the churchyard after nightfall. She heard a short, quick step +behind, and looking round saw what she fancied to be a four-footed +monster. On she ran, faster and faster, and on came the pattering +footfalls behind. She gained the churchyard gate and pushed it open, +but, ah! "the monster" also passed through. Every moment she expected it +would leap upon her back. She reached her cottage door and fainted. Out +came her husband with a lantern, saw the "sprite," which was no other +than the foal of a donkey, that had strayed into the park and followed +the ancient dame to her cottage door.</p> + +And many a laugh went through the vale.<br> +And some conviction, too;<br> +Each thought some other goblin tale<br> +Perhaps was just as true.<br> + +<p>R. Bloomfield, <i>The Fakenham Ghost</i> (a fact).</p> +<br> + +<p><b>Falcon.</b> Wm. Morris tells us that whoso watched a certain falcon for +seven days and seven nights without sleeping, should have his first wish +granted by a fay. A certain king accomplished the watching, and wished +to have the fay's love. His wish was granted, but it proved his +ruin.—<i>The Earthly Paradise</i> ("July")</p> + +<p><b>Falconer</b> (Mr.), laird of Balmawhapple, friend of the old baron of +Bradwardine.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Waverley</i> time, George <i>Falconer</i> +(<i>Major</i>), brother of Lady Bothwell.—Sir W. Scott, <i>Aunt Margaret's +Mirror</i> (time, William III.).</p> + +<p><i>Falconer</i> (<i>Edmund</i>), the <i>nom de plume</i> of Edmund O'Rourke, author of +<i>Extremes or Men of the day</i> (a comedy, 1859).</p> + +<p><b>Falie'ro</b> (<i>Marino</i>), the doge of Venice, an old man who married a +young wife named Angioli'na (3 <i>syl</i>.). At a banquet, Michel Steno, a +young patrician, grossly insulted some of the ladies, and was, by the +order of the doge, turned out of the house. In revenge, Steno placarded +the doge's chair with some scurrilous verses upon the young dogaressa, +and Faliero referred the matter to "the Forty." The council sentenced +Steno to two months' imprisonment, and the doge deemed this punishment +so inadequate to the offence, that he looked upon it as a personal +insult, and headed a conspiracy to cut off, root and branch, the whole +Venetian nobility. The project being discovered, Faliero was put to +death (1355), at the age of 76, and his picture removed from the gallery +of his brother doges.—Byron, <i>Marino Faliero.</i></p> + +<p><img border="0" src="images/border.jpg" width="693" height="146" alt="border.jpg"></p> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11431 ***</div> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/11431-h/images/A.jpg b/11431-h/images/A.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..83af064 --- /dev/null +++ b/11431-h/images/A.jpg diff --git a/11431-h/images/B.jpg b/11431-h/images/B.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..78e35ae --- /dev/null +++ b/11431-h/images/B.jpg diff --git a/11431-h/images/C.jpg b/11431-h/images/C.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7326371 --- /dev/null +++ b/11431-h/images/C.jpg diff --git a/11431-h/images/D.jpg b/11431-h/images/D.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba80088 --- /dev/null +++ b/11431-h/images/D.jpg diff --git a/11431-h/images/E.jpg b/11431-h/images/E.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..dacba17 --- /dev/null +++ b/11431-h/images/E.jpg diff --git a/11431-h/images/F.jpg b/11431-h/images/F.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c56bd63 --- /dev/null +++ b/11431-h/images/F.jpg diff --git a/11431-h/images/border.jpg b/11431-h/images/border.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c9a316a --- /dev/null +++ b/11431-h/images/border.jpg diff --git a/11431-h/images/letter C.jpg b/11431-h/images/letter C.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..15d10f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/11431-h/images/letter C.jpg diff --git a/11431-h/images/letterC.jpg b/11431-h/images/letterC.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..15d10f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/11431-h/images/letterC.jpg diff --git a/11431-h/images/therefore.jpg b/11431-h/images/therefore.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ecb2c54 --- /dev/null +++ b/11431-h/images/therefore.jpg |
